Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Implementation of an Anticoagulation Management Protocol at a Community Hospital

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementation of an anticoagulation protocol involving dosing and monitoring of unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular-weight heparin, specifically enoxaparin, for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and/or acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Methods: Patients with a primary diagnosis of DVT, PE, and/or ACS treated with UFH and/or enoxaparin were included. Data were collected on patients admitted to a community hospital during February 2008 (preimplementation) and February 2009 (postimplementation). Results: Forty-six patients were included in the preimplementation group and 25 patients in the postimplementation group. Forty-six percent of patients were dosed properly in the preimplementation group (UFH 38% and enoxaparin 50%) compared to 76% in the postimplementation group (UFH 56% and enoxaparin 88%; P = .023). Fifty-four percent of patients were monitored properly in the preimplementation group (UFH 31% and enoxaparin 67%) compared to 68% in the postimplementation group (UFH 56% and enoxaparin 75%; P = .318). Conclusion: Standardized dosing with a multidisciplinary-managed anticoagulation protocol significantly increased proper dosing of anticoagulation therapy; however, the protocol did not significantly improve proper monitoring. A lack of understanding of the need for baseline laboratory data contributes to improper monitoring. An approach which includes significant educational strategies is necessary to optimize patient care.
Adult activity and temperature preference drives region-wide damselfly (Zygoptera) distributions under a warming climate

We analysed a recently completed statewide odonate Atlas using multivariate linear models. Within a phylogenetically explicit framework, we developed a suite of data-derived traits to assess the mechanistic distributional drivers of 59 species of damselflies in New York State (NYS). We found that length of the flight season (adult breeding activity period) mediated by thermal preference drives regional distributions at broad (105 km2) scales. Species that had longer adult flight periods, in conjunction with longer growing seasons, had significantly wider distributions. These intrinsic traits shape species' responses to changing climates and the mechanisms behind such range shifts are fitness-based metapopulation processes that adjust phenology to the prevailing habitat and climate regime through a photoperiod filter.
Staying Away From School

Perceptions of school safety, fear of crime among students, and school avoidance have received increasing research attention in recent decades. Feeling unsafe at school impacts mental health, absenteeism, and academic success. We focus on a behavioral indicator of heightened concern about safety among high school students. Using 2011 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey data, we examine how crime victimization, bullying, drug use, weapon carrying, defensibility, media exposure, social integration, and school disorder affect school avoidance. Complementary log–log regression results indicate differences in predictors across sex, race/ethnicity, and class year. Implications for policy and future research on school avoidance are discussed.
An Il12-Il2-Antibody Fusion Protein Targeting Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cells Potentiates Activation Of Nk And T Cells For An Anti-Tumor Attack

Successful immunotherapy of Hodgkin's disease is so far hampered by the striking unresponsiveness of lymphoma infiltrating immune cells. To mobilize both adoptive and innate immune cells for an anti-tumor attack we fused the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL2 and IL12 to an anti-CD30 scFv antibody in a dual cytokine fusion protein to accumulate both cytokines at the malignant CD30+ Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymphoma lesion. The tumor-targeted IL12-IL2 fusion protein was superior in activating resting T cells to amplify and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to targeted IL2 or IL12 alone. NK cells were also activated by the dual cytokine protein to secrete IFN-γ and to lyse target cells. The tumor-targeted IL12-IL2, when applied by i.v. injection to immune-competent mice with established antigen-positive tumors, accumulated at the tumor site and induced tumor regression. Data demonstrate that simultaneous targeting of two cytokines in a spatial and temporal simultaneous fashion to pre-defined tissues is feasible by a dual-cytokine antibody fusion protein. In the case of IL12 and IL2, this produced superior anti-tumor efficacy implying the strategy to muster a broader immune cell response in the combat against cancer.
Enhancements to an OO Metric: CB Measure

Due to the wide usage of the object-oriented paradigm as a development paradigm many researches have proposed metrics to measure the complexity of object-oriented programs. The proposed object-oriented metrics can be divided into two categories based on the main aspect they have considered: metrics based on object-oriented aspects and metrics based on the cognitive aspects. Majority of the metrics which belong to the latter category have relied on a maximum of three complexity factors to derive the complexity of a program. CB measure is one of the few metrics that has considered four or more complexity factors to measure the complexity associated with a software program. However, there exists some other factors that could be considered by the CB measure to make it a more practically applicable measure. Such factors were proposed by the authors in a previous study. This paper demonstrates how those factors can be incorporated to the CB measure. In addition, it validates the practical applicability of the modified CB measure.
Intelligent social networks

Personal homepages, blogs or virtual communities have contributed to the birth of the Social Networks. The success of these platforms will continue to increase while they are able to offer tools and services to improve users' social relationships. The rapid evolution of social networks, the growing business opportunities and the possibility to apply new techniques to a relatively unexplored domain, have awakened strong interest among researchers. The potential benefits have generated the need to be the first one to achieve an enough level of autonomy to provide customized services for both users and product providers. But the true revolution will arrive when social networks become "smart". To build these new intelligent systems we propose to use Artificial Intelligence techniques, more concretely plan recognition. In this paper we propose an architecture able to recognize the users intentions from partial observations of their actions. In addition, we present three scenarios where our system can be useful: Online commercial intentions, adaptive user interfaces and identity theft and extortion detection.
Studies of emotionality in genetic mouse models of altered glutamate or 5-HT function

The role of 5-HT in depression and its treatment is well established but there is also growing evidence for the role of glutamate in emotionality. Several transgenic mouse lines were used to investigate how alterations in the glutamate or 5-HT systems impact upon emotional behaviour and relevant neuronal systems. Transgenic mice with direct manipulations of the glutamate system did not provide a selective model with which to further investigate changes in emotionality. GluA1 knockout mice showed only transient effects on antidepressant-sensitive tests which may alternatively be explained by deficits in habituation. GluN1 hypomorph mice displayed altered behaviours in all tests performed, including global cognitive impairments, making further interpretation of the results difficult. Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 heterozygote mice, which have been implicated as a model depression, were found to have only minor alterations in behaviour, none relating to emotionality. In contrast, the 5-HT transporter overexpressor mice have previously been shown to reliably display reduced anxiety and a fear conditioning deficit in line with results in humans with differing expression levels of the 5-HT transporter. Constant potential amperometry was used to measure local tissue oxygen content as an equivalent to the BOLD response in fMRI, and local field potential recordings of population electrical activity were also recorded in the basolateral amygdala of 5-HT transporter overexpressor and wildtype mice during a differential fear conditioning paradigm. This revealed that 5-HT transporter overexpressor mice have reduced basolateral amygdala oxygen responses to a conditioned stimulus associated with footshock, correlating with fMRI responses to fearful faces, and a reduced theta:delta ratio in this brain area that is most prominent following conditioning, implying a less active amygdala in these mice under these conditions. In summary, gross manipulations of glutamate function may not be useful in investigating the role of this neurotransmitter system in emotionality. Manipulation of the expression levels of the 5-HT transporter that mimics the variation seen across the human population alters neurochemical responses to conditioned fear stimuli, providing a translational model for future investigations into emotional processing.
Risk of internal cancers from arsenic in drinking water.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is under a congressional mandate to revise its current standard for arsenic in drinking water. We present a risk assessment for cancers of the bladder, liver, and lung from exposure to arsenic in water, based on data from 42 villages in an arseniasis-endemic region of Taiwan. We calculate excess lifetime risk estimates for several variations of the generalized linear model and for the multistage-Weibull model. Risk estimates are sensitive to the model choice, to whether or not a comparison population is used to define the unexposed disease mortality rates, and to whether the comparison population is all of Taiwan or just the southwestern region. Some factors that may affect risk could not be evaluated quantitatively: the ecologic nature of the data, the nutritional status of the study population, and the dietary intake of arsenic. Despite all of these sources of uncertainty, however, our analysis suggests that the current standard of 50 microg/L is associated with a substantial increased risk of cancer and is not sufficiently protective of public health. ImagesFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3
A novel technique for biobanking of large sections of radical prostatectomy specimens

Harvesting of unfixed tissue from radical prostatectomy specimens for research purposes is challenging. Many prostate cancers cannot be identified at gross inspection, and this tumour is notoriously multifocal and heterogeneous. We aimed to develop a technique to allow detailed topographic analysis and the sampling of a sufficient amount of tumour without jeopardising clinical reporting.
The Osteometrical evaluation of bilateral femoral head for significant variability and its applied significance

The objective of present study is to determine the bilateral significant difference between the right and left side femoral head diameters, the correlation between diameters in each side and Osteometrical data in Indian population. The dimensions of the femoral head are important in preparation and selection of prosthesis or implants for femoral head and in the determination of gender. Difference in femoral head size was observed by previous studies. Present study is designed on random sample of 102 femur bones to determine bilateral significant difference between the right and left side femoral head diameters, to determine the correlation between diameters in each side and Osteometrical data in Indian population. The descriptive measures and inferential calculations were done. The student's t-test and Scatter plot, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and regression analysis were used to assess the objective. Statistical assessment with p- values 0.05) among the bilateral femoral head diameters. Significant strong positive correlation (p<0.05) was observed between the vertical diameter and anteroposterior diameter. Result was compared with available researches. Conclusion: Significant variability in the femoral head diameter was not found. The vertical and anteroposterior diameters of femoral head showed strong positive correlation.
Paid prioritization and its impact on net neutrality

The net neutrality debate has been centered at the question: whether price and service differentiation should be allowed for the Internet? We focus on a monopoly market, where regulation is often required, and study the type of service differentiation where an option of paid prioritization is provided for the Content Providers (CPs) by an Internet Service Provider (ISP). We study the ISP's pricing strategy and the corresponding CPs' responses. Based on the higher level CPs' choices of service classes and the lower level traffic equilibrium, we analyze the utility of the ISP and the CPs as well as the social welfare. By comparing the induced social welfare under different settings, we find that ISP's optimal pricing leads to an efficient differentiation among the CPs such that the social welfare is highly optimized. We also identify the conditions under which the ISP would have a strong incentive to expand its capacity when the market grows. In conclusion, our results support the use of priority-based pricing and service differentiation rather than imposing net neutrality regulations.
Deep Poselets for Human Detection

We address the problem of detecting people in natural scenes using a part approach based on poselets. We propose a bootstrapping method that allows us to collect millions of weakly labeled examples for each poselet type. We use these examples to train a Convolutional Neural Net to discriminate different poselet types and separate them from the background class. We then use the trained CNN as a way to represent poselet patches with a Pose Discriminative Feature (PDF) vector -- a compact 256-dimensional feature vector that is effective at discriminating pose from appearance. We train the poselet model on top of PDF features and combine them with object-level CNNs for detection and bounding box prediction. The resulting model leads to state-of-the-art performance for human detection on the PASCAL datasets.
Designing for information work at the computer workplace with activity theory

Information work is characterized by multitasking between non-routine activities, self-directed planning and decision making. These characteristics make tool support highly desirable, but also difficult. System design needs to capture this dynamicity of information work processes. In this paper, we introduce the activity theory based system design method (ATSDM) for information work. The method covers context of use specification and requirement elicitation for system design. It builds on Activity Theory, and leverages concepts from Action Regulation theory, in particular the structuring of relations between activities in a heterarchy, to reflect the self-directedness and dynamicity of information work in system analysis and design. Besides the description of our method, we showcase its use at the example of a tool addressing memory failures during multitasking. An evaluation of this tool provides first evidence that our method is suitable for the design of information work support tools.
Optical properties of intralipid: A phantom medium for light propagation studies

Intralipid™ is an intravenous nutrient consisting of an emulsion of phospholipid micelles and water. Because Intralipid is turbid and has no strong absorption bands in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and is readily available and relatively inexpensive, it is often used as a tissue simulating phantom medium in light dosimetry experiments. In order to assist investigators requiring a controllable medium that over a finite range of wavelengths is optically equivalent to tissue, we have compiled previously published values of the optical interaction coefficients of Intralipid, most of which were measured at a wavelength of 633 nm. We have extended the measurements of the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients from 460 to 690 nm and the total attenuation coefficient from 500 to 890 nm. These measurements show that, for stock 10% Intralipid, the absorption coefficient varies from 0.015 to 0.001 cm−1 between 460 and 690 nm, the reduced scattering coefficient varies from 92 to 50 cm−1 between 460 and 690 nm, the total attenuation coefficient varies from 575 to 150 cm−1 between 500 and 890 nm, and the average cosine of scatter varies from 0.87 to 0.82 between 460 and 690 nm. With these data, we discuss the design of an optically tissue‐equivalent phantom consisting of Intralipid and black India ink. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adsorption of Phenol, 3-Nitrophenol and Dyes from Aqueous Solutions onto an Activated Carbon Column under Semi-Batch and Continuous Operation

present study examines the adsorption of phenol, 3-nitrophenol and dyes (methylene blue, alizarine yellow), from aqueous solutions onto a commercial activated carbon. Two different operations, semi-batch and continuous with reflux, were applied. The commercial activated carbon exhibits high adsorption abilities for phenol, 3-nitrophenol and dyes (methylene blue and alizarin yellow) from their aqueous solutions. The adsorption of all adsorbates after 1 h is higher by the continuous operation with reflux than by the semi-batch operation. The adsorption of phenol is higher than that of 3-nitrophenol for both operations. Similarly, the adsorption of alizarin yellow is higher than that of methylene blue for both operations. The regenerated commercial activated carbon regains its adsorption ability due to the removal of the adsorbate from its pores during the regeneration.
Representation and student engagement in higher education: a reflection on the views and experiences of course representatives

Student engagement is increasingly part of higher education rhetoric. It is seen as a means for universities to understand and enhance the student experience. This has been prompted by a number of potentially conflicting factors. These include growing consumerism in higher education, the rise of user involvement and the notion of students as partners in education. Despite this, student engagement in universities is under-researched and under-theorised. This paper is based on an exploratory research project to consider the role of student representation in engagement. It borrows from theory developed in the compulsory education sector to explore how course representatives occupy the ground between providing information for the university and offering a mechanism for students to work as partners in their education. The paper concludes that representation can enhance engagement, but that its impact will be mediated by the willingness of the institution to adapt its procedures and processes.
Youth With Disabilities in Foster Care: Developing Self-Determination Within a Context of Struggle and Disempowerment

Abstract This article focuses on the transition experiences of foster youth with disabilities, a group of students with disabilities who have often been neglected by researchers and policy makers. We begin by discussing transition outcomes for youth with disabilities, highlighting the progress that has been achieved in recent years, and noting that much of this progress is related to the effective transition planning practice of promoting self-determination. We then examine the challenging context children in foster care typically face as they move into adulthood, drawing attention to the neglect of policy and practices designed to promote self-determination for foster youth with disabilities. To do this, we describe 4 recent studies by our research group that involve this vulnerable population and stress key elements of self-determination that seem to be lacking in the context in which these youth function. We end by emphasizing the need to continue focusing on this at-risk group of young people, as well as on transition supports that promote their self-determination.
PP-Attachment Disambiguation for Swedish: Combining Unsupervised and Supervised Training Data

Structural ambiguity, particularly attachment of prepositional phrases, is a serious type of global ambiguity in Natural Language. The disambiguation becomes crucial when a syntactic analyzer must make the correct decision among at least two equally grammatical parse-trees for the same sentence. This paper attempts to find answers to the problem of how attachment ambiguity can be resolved by utilizing Machine Learning (ML) techniques. ML is founded on the assumption that the performance in cognitive tasks is based on the similarity of new situations (testing) to stored representations of earlier experiences (training). Therefore, a large amount of training data is an important prerequisite for providing a solution to the problem. A combination of unsupervised and restricted supervised acquisition of such data will be reported. Training is performed both on a subset of the content of the Gothenburg Lexical Database (GLDB), and on instances of large corpora annotated with coarse-grained semantic information. Testing is performed on corpora instances using a range of different algorithms and metrics. The application language is written Swedish.
Journal of the American Statistical Association Geostatistical Model Averaging for Locally Calibrated Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Geostatistical Model Averaging for Locally Calibrated Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting

and McLean Sloughter for sharing their insights and providing data. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Accurate weather benefit many key societal functions and activities, including agriculture, transportation, recreation, and basic human and infrastructural safety. Over the past two decades, ensembles of numerical weather prediction models have been developed, in which multiple estimates of the current state of the atmosphere are used to generate probabilistic forecasts for future weather events. However, ensemble systems are uncalibrated and biased, and thus need to be statistically postprocessed. Bayesian model averaging (BMA) is a preferred way of doing this. Particularly for quantitative precipitation, biases and calibration errors depend critically on local terrain features. We introduce a geostatistical approach to modeling locally varying BMA parameters, as opposed to the extant method that holds parameters constant across the forecast domain. Degeneracies caused by enduring dry periods are overcome by Bayesian regularization and Laplace approximations. The new approach, called geostatistical model averaging (GMA), was applied to 48-hour-ahead forecasts of daily precipitation accumulation over the North American Pacific Northwest, using the eight-member University of Washington Mesoscale Ensemble. GMA had better aggregate and local calibration than the extant technique, and was sharper on average.