Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practical design of a high‐strength breast gradient coil

A high‐strength three‐axis local gradient coil set was constructed for MRI of the breast. Gradient fields with good uniformity (<10% deviation from the desired gradient) over most of the volume required for breast imaging were generated with efficiencies of up to 3.3 mT/m/A. The coils will allow diffusion breast imaging in clinically acceptable examination times. The electrical design, water cooling system, and fabrication techniques are described. Preliminary tests of the coil included images of a grid phantom and diffusion measurements in a short‐T2 agarose gel phantom.
Successful Cognitive Aging in Rats: A Role for mGluR5 Glutamate Receptors, Homer 1 Proteins and Downstream Signaling Pathways

Normal aging is associated with impairments in cognition, especially learning and memory. However, major individual differences are known to exist. Using the classical Morris Water Maze (MWM) task, we discriminated a population of 24-months old Long Evans aged rats in two groups - memory-impaired (AI) and memory-unimpaired (AU) in comparison with 6-months old adult animals. AI rats presented deficits in learning, reverse memory and retention. At the molecular level, an increase in metabotropic glutamate receptors 5 (mGluR5) was observed in post-synaptic densities (PSD) in the hippocampus of AU rats after training. Scaffolding Homer 1b/c proteins binding to group 1 mGluR facilitate coupling with its signaling effectors while Homer 1a reduces it. Both Homer 1a and 1b/c levels were up-regulated in the hippocampus PSD of AU animals following MWM task. Using immunohistochemistry we further demonstrated that mGluR5 as well as Homer 1b/c stainings were enhanced in the CA1 hippocampus sub-field of AU animals. In fact mGluR5 and Homer 1 isoforms were more abundant and co-localized in the hippocampal dendrites in AU rats. However, the ratio of Homer 1a/Homer 1b/c bound to mGluR5 in the PSD was four times lower for AU animals compared to AI rats. Consequently, AU animals presented higher PKCγ, ERK, p70S6K, mTOR and CREB activation. Finally the expression of immediate early gene Arc/Arg3.1 was shown to be higher in AU rats in accordance with its role in spatial memory consolidation. On the basis of these results, a model of successful cognitive aging with a critical role for mGluR5, Homer 1 proteins and downstream signalling pathways is proposed here.
A Naturalistic Study of Affective Expression, Social Competence, and Sociometric Status in Preschoolers

Research findings. Naturalistic observation during freeplay was used to explore the role of affective expression and gender in preschoolers' social competence and sociometric status. Observers recorded occurrences of 4 types of affect: moderate and strong positive affect, anger, and distress among 56 children (M age = 50.3 months) in five classrooms. Teacher ratings of social competence and peer sociometrics were also collected. Social competence and peer acceptance were associated with strong, but not moderate positive affect. The correlates of anger and distress were moderated by the gender of the child. Girls' anger, but not distress, was negatively related to peer rejection. In contrast, boys' anger and distress were both positively related to peer rejection. Practice. These findings confirm the relations between affective expression and social competence, but also indicate that these relations may be different for boys and girls.
The familiarity-preference component of on-site recreational experiences.

Abstract Four hundred visitors to a bog environment were surveyed to determine the influence of familiarity on preference response to the visual environment, and to determine the degree of familiarity resulting from the on‐site encounter. Influence of familiarity on visitor preference was measured in terms of degree of visitor preference for visual scenes as a result of acquaintance gained through three means of familiarity: on‐site experiences, viewing of photographic materials prior to an on‐site experience, and number of previous visits. Degree of familiarity resulting from the on‐site encounter was measured by determining the degree of visitor recognition for scenes experienced during the on‐site encounter. Four findings resulted from the study: preference increased after the on‐site experience; prior photographic information decreased preference after the oil‐site experience; prior visits were associated with increased preference; and considerable familiarity resulted from the on‐site encounter, due .
Native and non-native English scholars publishing research internationally: A small-scale study on authorial (in)visibility

This paper presents a small collection of case reports which seek to explore the rhetorical resources used by native (North-American) and non-native English (Spanish) scholars when publishing research in international journals. The interview protocols enquired into the pressure on scholars to publish internationally, their adherence to rhetorical conventions in the transmission of knowledge, and their awareness of being persuasive when addressing an international readership. Complementing the interview data, textual analysis was used to quantify a sample of linguistic features and interpret them as rhetorical devices that writers use to construct new knowledge, evaluate research processes and highlight research outcomes. Although the two groups of informants made similar observations in the interviews, the textual analysis revealed several intercultural differences as regards the degree of authorial visibility/ invisibility in the texts. While advocating the maintenance of cultural diversity in academic prose, implications of whether non-native English writers should adopt Anglophone conventions or rather retain their culture-specific rhetorical styles when publishing internationally are also discussed.
Uncertainty principle of signal-averaged electrocardiography.

BACKGROUND Signal-averaged ECG (SAECG) reproducibility is reported to have a component that is independent of residual noise. Methods and Results-In group 1, multiple paired SAECGs were obtained to noise levels of 0.3+/-0.1 and 0.5+/-0.2 microV. For the 0.5- and 0. 3-microV noise recordings, QRS duration (QRSd) was 101.2+/-11.3 and 104.6+/-9.6 ms, respectively (P<0.0001), and the differences in paired QRSd (DeltaQRSd) were normally distributed, with variances of 11.4 and 26.2 ms(2) (P<0.0001). Paired SAECGs were obtained in group 2 patients without and with late potentials; DeltaQRSd variance was 3.3 and 217.9 ms(2) (P<0.0001). In group 3, >/=10 SAECGs were acquired at noise levels of 0.2 to 0.8 microV, in 0.1-microV increments. QRSd increased as noise level decreased. The variance was greater in low-noise (0.2 to 0.4 microV) versus higher-noise (0. 5 to 0.8 microV) recordings. In group 4, SAECGs were analyzed with bidirectional and Bispec filters, with no difference in QRSd between the 2 filters and a normally distributed DeltaQRSd. A computer simulation demonstrated that alterations in the phase relationship of noise to signal results in a normal distribution of signal end points. CONCLUSIONS Within the acceptable noise range for SAECG, lower noise results in longer QRSd and larger variance, suggesting that more accurate recordings may have less reproducibility. The random timing of noise relative to signal results in the distribution/variance of repeated measurements. Statistical strategies may be used to reduce some of this variance and may enhance the diagnostic utility of SAECG.
Wake-up radio using IEEE 802.11 frame length modulation for Radio-On-Demand wireless LAN

In this paper, we introduce Radio-On-Demand (ROD) wireless LAN (WLAN) in which access points (APs) are put into a sleep mode during idle periods and woken up by stations (STAs) upon communications demands. The on-demand wake-up is realized by a wake-up receiver which is equipped with each AP and is used to detect a wake-up signal transmitted by STA. In this paper, in order to reduce the hardware installation cost at STA, we advocate to utilize wireless LAN frames transmitted by each STA as a wake-up signal to awake the target AP. The STA generates a wake-up signal by devising WLAN signal: each STA creates a series of WLAN frames with different length to which the information on wake-up ID is embedded. The wake-up receiver extracts the wake-up ID from the received frames with a simple detector which ensures its low-power operation. We evaluate false negative (STA fails to wake up the target AP) and false positive (AP falsely wakes up without an intended wake-up signal) probabilities of our proposed on-demand wake-up scheme with computer simulations. The numerical results show that the proposed scheme achieves the false negative probability of about 10−2 when the detection error ratio of ‘1’ is less than 10−3. We also show that the false positive probability can be largely reduced by employing long WLAN frames to generate each wake-up signal. These results confirm that the proposed wake-up scheme is a promising approach to reducing wasteful energy consumed by idle APs in WLAN.
The Relationship Between Church Schools and Local Church Life: Distinguishing between aided and controlled status

This study compares the impact of Anglican voluntary aided and voluntary controlled schools on a range of indices of local church life throughout the diocese of Chelmsford. After controlling for the influence of population size, the church electoral roll, the age of the priest in charge of the benefice, the number of churches in the benefice, and the number of stipendiary clergy employed in the benefice, the data lead to two conclusions. Voluntary controlled primary schools have no significant impact on any of the indices of local church life included in the study. Voluntary aided primary schools are associated with a significantly higher level of pre-teenage confirmands, but they have no influence on the number of older confirmands, the number of baptisms, the usual Sunday church attendance, or the number of festival communicants.
On the Scheduling of One-Dimensional Transport Systems

In this paper we consider the problem of nding a feasible routing for one-dimensional transport systems. This problem arises as a subproblem in production planning, when a monorail crane with several crabs is part of the production lane. Practical restrictions like nite speed of crabs and a minimal distance between crabs lead to a special routing problem. We show that this problem corresponds to the geometric problem of covering segments with angle-restricted curves with the additional constraint that all curves have at least distance 1. We prove that this question can be formulated as a shortest path problem. Finally we discuss how the presented algorithm can be used as a module for a greedy-algorithm solving a no-wait scheduling problem.
The review of educational robotics research and the need for real-world interaction analysis

This study reviews the educational theories and existing literature for the integration of robots to support teaching in classrooms by assessing integration methods and the effectiveness of educational robotics on student learning. Most of the research on this subject are only focused on children from kindergarten to middle schools and analyzed the end results from questionnaires and grades. Without analysis on the human-robot interaction itself, the effectiveness of robots in classrooms is questionable especially in the higher education context. Future research should leverage more refined data analysis techniques such as learning analytics to directly focus on interaction and conversation dynamics.
High-speed electro-optic polarization modulator using a buried channel optical waveguide

A new lithium tantalate electro-optic polarization modulator using a buried channel optical waveguide is proposed. Utilizing a precisely designed buried channel waveguide, complete phase matching between TE and TM modes is obtainable. In addition, using a periodic poling structure, quasi-velocity matching between lightwaves and a modulation microwave is obtainable at modulation frequencies over 10 GHz.
Reading for meaning and reading for sound in autistic and dyslexic children

Autistic, dyslexic and normal readers matched for reading age (RA) were compared on a large range of oral reading tasks. In terms of single word reading autistic children demonstrated intact processing strategies, entirely in keeping with their RA level, while dyslexic children failed on phonological, but not on lexical or semantic processing. With connected prose, the autistic children showed failure in reading for meaning. This failure was traced to a difficulty in using semantic context in the absence of syntactic cues. Dyslexic children showed superior ability in using semantic context relative to their RA level. The reading problems in the two groups can thus be seen as complementary.
MATRIX : MAny-Task computing execution fabRIc at eXascale

Efficiently scheduling large number of jobs over large-scale distributed systems is critical in achieving high system utilization and throughput. Today’s state-of-the-art job management systems have predominantly Master/Slaves architectures, which have inherent limitations, such as scalability issues at extreme scales (e.g. petascales and beyond) and single point of failure. In designing the nextgeneration distributed job management system, we must address new challenges such as load balancing. This paper presents the design, analysis and implementation of a distributed execution fabric called MATRIX (MAny-Task computing execution fabRIc at eXascale). MATRIX utilizes an adaptive work stealing algorithm for distributed load balancing, and distributed hash tables for managing task metadata. MATRIX supports both high-performance computing (HPC) and many-task computing (MTC) workloads, as well as task dependencies in the execution of complex large-scale workflows. We have evaluated it using synthetic workloads up to 4K-cores on an IBM Blue Gene/P supercomputer, and have shown high efficiency rates (e.g. 85%+) are possible with certain workloads with task granularities as low as 64ms. MATRIX has shown throughput rates as high as 13K tasks/sec at 4K-core scales (one to two orders of magnitude higher than existing centralized systems). We also explore the feasibility of adaptive work stealing up to 1M-node scale through simulations.
The Quality-Defining Process in Early Years Services: A Case Study.

In this article we argue, through a case study in a large, urban local authority in England, that local stakeholders in early years provision express a variety of perspectives on quality but are constrained by a national framework which promotes an ‘official’ definition of quality. We offer a quality-defining model that captures the role of both ‘official’ definitions and more pluralistic approaches to quality. Finally, we highlight mechanisms already in place in the structure of early years services that could offer social spaces for the quality-defining process to take place.
One man's memory: A study of a mnemonist

This paper reports a systematic study of a man (T.E.) with astonishing mnemonic skills. After a brief description of his most favoured mnemonic technique, the ‘figure alphabet’, his performance and the mnemonic techniques used on five classical memory tasks are described. These are: one task involving both short- and long-term memory (the Atkinson-Shiffrin ‘keeping track’ task), two tasks involving just long-term memory (recall of number matrices and the effects of imagery and deep structure complexity upon recall), and two tasks involving just short-term memory (short-term retention of individual verbal items and digit span). Whenever possible, T.E. 's performance was compared with that of normal subjects, and also with other mnemonists who have been studied in the past. There was no evidence to suggest that T.E. has any unusual basic memory abilities; rather he employs mnemonic techniques to aid memory, and the evidence suggests that previous mnemonists who have been studied by psychologists have used very similar techniques.
Researching Confirmation Work in Europe: The Need for Multi-Level Analysis for Identifying Individual and Group Influences in Non-Formal Education

This article includes a dual argument, about confirmation work as an object of research on the one hand, and about general methodological questions on the other. Based on an international comparative study on confirmation work with more than 28000 persons involved, the article presents the advantages of multi-level analysis (MLA) as a method for discerning effects on the levels of individuals and of groups. Discussing the methodological implications the article gives an exemplary introduction into MLA by presenting selected models referring to confirmands’ satisfaction with their confirmation time in general and with church services in particular. It can be shown that 11-13% of the total variance is explained by factors on the group level. The group level factors include the duration of confirmation camp, the number of meetings and the aims of the workers as indicators for the educational concept of the team. Based on the intraclass correlation of MLA, the article suggests that the existence of fixed curricula in non-formal education settings like confirmation work enhances the uniformity of the programs and reduces the proportion of variance accounted for on the group level.
Nocturnal Bird-Avoidance Modeling with Mobile-Marine Radar

To develop a bird -avoidance model for Naval Air Facility El Centro, California, we used a modified marine-radar system to quantify nocturnal (sunset to midnight) bird movements in the area. Previous birdradar studies relied on visual monitoring of the radar screen for data collection. This study represents the first use of computer-aided image analysis of marine -radar bird-data. Radar images were automatically captured, analyzed, and archived with a personal computer. The image analysis eliminated ground clutter, calculated the sample area, identified bird targets, and categorized them into three relative size classes. This made data collection more uniform by eliminating observer bias. We operated the system on 34 nights between 20 Oct and 29 Nov 2000 and recorded a total of 320,703 bird targets. Calculated hazard indices ranged from a low of 0.23 to 29.48. Hazard indices 18.00 were classified as high.
Verbal memory functioning in recurrent depression during partial remission and remission-Brief report

The aim of the present study was to investigate verbal memory performance in a group of patients with remitted and partial remitted major depressive disorder. Thirty-one patients and 31 healthy matched controls were included in the study. Results from the California Verbal Learning Test show intact verbal memory performance in the patient group regarding learning, recall and recognition. However, patients had significantly poorer performance compared to healthy controls in immediate recall of the first trial in the verbal memory test. In conclusion, the patient group showed intact memory performance, when material is presented more than once. These findings indicate that memory performance in MDD patients with partial remission and remission benefit from repetition of material.
The Analysis on Carbon Emission Reduction Effect of Closed-Loop Supply Chain Based on Government's Recoverying Subsidy

Supply chain plays an important role in energy consumption and carbon emissions in an economy, how to optimize processes of supply chain, and promote whole supply chain in a way of de-carbonization, it has become a common concern of the community. By constructing a two-echelon closed-loop supply chain model, which composed of a single manufacturer and a single salesman, this article aims to analysis the carbon emission reduction effects and overall performance of whole supply chain under different circumstances, such as forward supply chain, reverse supply chain and government recycle subsidy. Results indicate that the return rate of used products and profit of each member of closed-loop supply chain is bigger after government's subsidies. And the carbon reduction emission effect of whole supply chain is also getting better than that of without government subsides. Based on maximum carbon emission effect, we give the optimal government recycling subsidy model, which will provide an idea for the government to implement recovering subsidies on supply chain in low-carbon economy.
Verified integrity properties for safe approximate program transformations

Approximate computations (for example, video, audio, and image processing, machine learning, and many scientific computations) have the freedom to generate a range of acceptable results. Approximate program transformations (for example, task skipping and loop perforation) exploit this freedom to produce computations that can execute at a variety of points in an underlying accuracy versus performance trade-off space. One potential concern is that these transformations may change the semantics of the program and therefore cause the program to crash, perform an illegal operation, or otherwise violate its integrity. We investigate how verifying integrity properties -- key correctness properties that the transformed computation must respect -- can enable the safe application of approximate program transformations. We present experimental results from a compiler that verifies integrity properties of perforated loops to enable the safe application of loop perforation.
A Mobile, Multi Camera Setup for 3D Full Body Imaging in Combination with Post-Mortem Computed Tomography Procedures

Three dimensional (3D) models of deceased and injured people in combination with 3D scans of injury causing objects can assist forensic investigations in reconstructing event scenes. Medical imaging techniques, such as post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) and post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (PMMR), have been successfully applied to forensic investigations and can add beneficial value to standard autopsy examinations. These imaging modalities can be helpful for 3D reconstructions, especially when internal findings, such as bone fractures, organ damage and internal bleeding, are relevant for the investigation. However, none of these techniques can adequately visualize pattern injuries, such as boot prints and bite marks, or any type of blunt force trauma that forms distinct discolorations on the body’s surface. This is why 3D surface imaging techniques have been introduced to the forensic community. Unfortunately, many commercially available optical scanning systems are cost intensive, time consuming and can only be applied before or after a CT scan has been performed. In this article, we present a mobile, multi-camera rig based on close-range photogrammetry that is inexpensive, fast in acquisition time and can be combined with automated CT scanning protocols. The multi-camera setup comprises seven digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras that are mounted on a mobile frame. Each camera is equipped with a remote control that can trigger the shutter release of all cameras simultaneously. In combination with a medical CT scanner, image acquisition of the multi camera setup can be included into an automated CT scanning procedure. In our preliminary study, textured 3D models of one side of the body were created in less than 15 minutes. The photo acquisition time combined with the modified CT scanning protocols lasted 3:34 minutes whereas the subsequent computation of a textured 3D model based on a low resolution mesh lasted 10:55 minutes. The mobile, multi-camera setup can also be used manually in combination with examination couches, lifting carts and autopsy tables. Finally, the system is not limited to post-mortem investigations but can also be applied to living people and may be used in clinical settings.