Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Key Parameters Requirements for Non‐Fullerene‐Based Organic Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency >20%

The reported power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) based organic photovoltaics (OPVs) now exceed 14% and 17% for single‐junction and two‐terminal tandem cells, respectively. However, increasing the PCE further requires an improved understanding of the factors limiting the device efficiency. Here, the efficiency limits of single‐junction and two‐terminal tandem NFA‐based OPV cells are examined with the aid of a numerical device simulator that takes into account the optical properties of the active material(s), charge recombination effects, and the hole and electron mobilities in the active layer of the device. The simulations reveal that single‐junction NFA OPVs can potentially reach PCE values in excess of 18% with mobility values readily achievable in existing material systems. Furthermore, it is found that balanced electron and hole mobilities of >10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in combination with low nongeminate recombination rate constants of 10−12 cm3 s−1 could lead to PCE values in excess of 20% and 25% for single‐junction and two‐terminal tandem OPV cells, respectively. This analysis provides the first tangible description of the practical performance targets and useful design rules for single‐junction and tandem OPVs based on NFA materials, emphasizing the need for developing new material systems that combine these desired characteristics.
A robust close-range photogrammetric system for industrial metrology

This paper describes a robust photogrammetric system for 3-D surface reconstruction. We use a linear camera calibration model with 14 camera parameters, which can be optimized using the least-squares solution. To address the non-linear lens distortion, a localized calibration concept is presented whereby different image locations have different sets of calibration parameters. A new subpixel target detection algorithm is proposed for accurate target center determination (with accuracy better than 0.02 pixel). The algorithm first uses zero-crossings of the second derivatives to determine an initial threshold for separating a target from its background. The multiple threshold functions are selected to calculate multiple potential target centers. The weighted average of these potential centers results in a reliable final target position. Comparing with other subpixel algorithms, such as best-fit circle/ellipse, template matching based approach or single threshold gravity point method; our algorithm is more accurate and can be applied to any shapes of targets. To minimize the possibility of mismatch of targets among different views, we adopt a new reference point based matching approach. The target pattern from a projector contains a number of reference points. The stereo correspondences start from the reference points. The appeared and position constraints are implemented to achieve error free matching, before the triangulation function is called to get the final 3-D coordinates. The system is able to achieve an accuracy (3/spl sigma/) of 2.5 /spl mu/m ( using calibration target with dimension 35 mm /spl times/ 35 mm, 50 mm lenses and Jai M1 CCD with 1300 /spl times/ 1030 resolution).
ANERsys 2.0: Conquering the NER Task for the Arabic Language by Combining the Maximum Entropy with POS-tag Information

In this paper we describe an improved version of ANERsys, an Arabic Named Entity Recognition system for open-domain texts. The first version of ANERsys was totally based on the Maximum Entropy ap- proach and was trained and tested with corpora which we have built our- selves. The results showed that the Maximum Entropy is an appropriate method to identify Named Entities in Arabic texts. However, in order to reach higher performance a greater eort needed to be done to improve the recognition of long proper names. Therefore, in the second version of ANERsys, we use a Part Of Speech tagger and a two-steps approach to enhance the performance of the system. Furthermore, we have used our own (now freely available on our website) corpora (ANERcorp) and gazetteers (ANERgazet) to train and evaluate ANERsys 2.0. We carried out several experiments to evaluate the performance of the system and to compare it with the online freely available demo version of the com- mercial system Siraj (Sakhr). The results show that the accuracy of the new version is 10 points above the old one and more than 7 points above the Siraj (Sakhr) system accuracy.
Development of a Correlation of Soft X-Ray Tomography with Fluorescence Microscopy at Taiwan Photon Source

We present the construction of a full-field transmission soft X-ray tomography (SXT) beamline at Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). The beamline, designed with a soft X-ray energy range of 200~3,000 eV, is used to image frozen-hydrated biological specimens. Owing to the organic compositions of such specimens, they have a high natural absorption contrast with the water in the energy range of water window which is the energy between K-edge absorption of carbon (284 eV) and oxygen (543 eV). The penetration depth of soft X-ray energy of water window in bio-specimen is about 10 μm. Indicating that acquiring of 3D image from nearly native cells is possible without the need for staining and sectioning [1]. SXT has been revealed to visualize the internal structures of whole cells [2]. To meet the design demands of a condenser in X-ray microscopy, the optics of varied-lines-spacing plane-grating monochromator (VLS PGM) are applied to provide a secondary source with a fixed focus during the energy scanning [3]. To obtain highly and homogeneously efficient reflectivity at different energies, the sides of the mirrors are coated with the materials of gold and rhodium, including a horizontal focus mirror (HFM), a vertical focus mirror (VFM) and a vertical refocus mirror (VRFM). The gold-coated mirrors are applied at low energy part,
New asymptotic expansion method for the Wheeler-DeWitt equation.

A new asymptotic expansion method is developed to separate the Wheeler-DeWitt equation into the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for a matter field and the Einstein-Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the gravitational field including the quantum back reaction of the matter field. In particular, the nonadiabatic basis of the generalized invariant for the matter field Hamiltonian separates the Wheeler-DeWitt equation completely in the asymptotic limit of ${\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{P}}^{2}$ approaching infinity. The higher order quantum corrections of the gravity to the matter field are found. The new asymptotic expansion method is valid throughout all regions of superspace compared with other expansion methods with a certain limited region of validity. We apply the new asymptotic expansion method to the minimal FRW universe.
Price negotiation in differentiated product markets: The case of insured mortgages in Canada.∗

∗Correspondence to Jason Allen: Bank of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0G9; Phone: (613) 782-8712; Email: jallen@bankofcanada.ca, Robert Clark: HEC Montréal, CIRANO and CIRPÉE, Montreal, Quebec; Phone: (514) 340-7034; Email: robert.clark@hec.ca, Jean-François Houde: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin and CIRANO; Phone: (608) 262-3805; Email: houdejf@ssc.wisc. edu. This research has benefited from the financial support of the NSF (SES-1024840).
Nitric Oxide Is Neither Necessary Nor Sufficient for Resolution of Plasmodium chabaudi Malaria in Mice1

Malaria is a life-threatening re-emerging disease, yet it is still not clear how bloodstage malarial parasites are killed. Nitric oxide (NO), which has potent anti-microbial activity, may represent an important killing mechanism. The production of NO during descending Plasmodium chabaudi parasitemia, a period when parasites are killed by the immune response, supports this concept. However, NOS20/0 and NOS30/0 mice as well as mice treated with NO synthase 2 (NOS2) inhibitors do not develop exacerbated malaria, indicating that NO production is not necessary for the suppression of P. chabaudi parasitemia. It is possible due to the plasticity in the immune response during malaria that Ab-mediated immunity is enhanced in the absence of NO, thereby explaining the lack of exacerbated malaria in NOS-deficient mice even though NO may function in protection. However, NOS2- and B cell-deficient mice, which cannot use Ab-mediated immunity, suppress their parasitemia with a similar time course as B cell-deficient controls. C57BL/6 mice treated with Propionibacterium acnes to elicit high levels of macrophage-derived NO have a similar time course of P. chabaudi parasitemia as P. acnes-treated NOS20/0 mice, which do not produce NO; this indicates that NO is not sufficient for parasite killing. Collectively, these results indicate that NO is not necessary or sufficient to resolve P. chabaudi malaria.
Probabilistic Learning for Information Filtering

In this paper we describe and evaluate a learning model for information filtering which is an adaptation of the generalised probabilistic model of Information Retrieval. The model is based on the concept of "uncertainty sampling" a technique that allows for relevance feedback both on relevant and non relevant documents. The proposed learning model is the core of a prototype information filtering system called ProFile.
Climate remains an important driver of post‐European vegetation change in the eastern United States

Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 North ParkStreet, Madison, WI 53706, USAThe inﬂuence of climate on forest change during thepast century in the eastern United States was evalu-ated in a recent paper (Nowacki & Abrams, 2014)that centers on an increase in ‘highly competitivemesophytic hardwoods’ (Nowacki & Abrams, 2008)and a concomitant decrease in the more xerophyticQuercus species. Nowacki & Abrams (2014) con-cluded that climate change has not contributed sig-niﬁcantly to observed changes in forest composition.However, the authors restrict their focus to a singleelement of climate: increasing temperature since theend of the Little Ice Age ca. 150 years ago. In theirstudy, species were binned into four classiﬁcations(e.g., Acer saccharum – ‘cool-adapted’, Acer rubrum –‘warm-adapted’) based on average annual tempera-ture within each species range in the United States,reducing the multifaceted character of climate into asingle, categorical measure. The broad temperatureclasses not only veil the many biologically relevantaspects of temperature (e.g., seasonal and extremetemperatures) but they may also mask other inﬂu-ences, both climatic (e.g., moisture sensitivity) andnonclimatic (e.g., competition). Understanding the primary drivers of forest changeis critically important. However, using annual tem-perature reduces the broad spectrum of climaticinﬂuence on forests (e.g., Jackson & Overpeck, 2000;Jackson et al., 2009) to a single variable. Tsuga canad-ensis illustrates one example of the complex interac-tion between trees and temperature. In the southernpart of its range, Tsuga canadensis growth is weakly,but positively correlated with early growing-seasontemperature. However, this relationship becomesstronger and shifts to later in the season toward thenorthern part of its range (Cook & Cole, 1991). More-over, Tsuga canadensis growth is signiﬁcantly andnegatively correlated with just May temperaturesduring the current growing season in the northeast-ern United States (Cook, 1991; Cook & Cole, 1991;Vaganov et al., 2011), while in the southeastern Uni-ted States it is strongly and negatively correlatedwith summer (June–August) temperatures (Hart et al.,2010). Trees can also be sensitive to diverse and ofteninteracting climate variables at various stages of theirlife cycles (Jackson et al., 2009). Interactions betweenprecipitation and temperature are clearly important(Harsch & Hille Ris Lambers, 2014; Martin-Benito &Pederson, accepted), and often lead to counterintui-tive responses. For example, some plant species thatwould have been expected to move north and ups-
Robust and Accurate Visual Echo Cancelation in a Full-Duplex Projector-Camera System

We developed a comprehensive set of techniques to address the “visual echo” problem in a full-duplex projectorcamera system. A calibration procedure records the geometric and photometric transfer between the projector and camera in a look-up table. With the calibration information, the predicted camera view of the projected image is compared against the captured camera image to find echo pixels. Only non-echo pixels are used for display, therefore achieving the goal of suppressing visual echo. Compared to previous techniques, our approach’s main advantages are two-fold. First, it accurately handles full color images with no assumption about the surface reflectance or the photometric response of the projector or camera. Secondly, it is robust to geometric registration errors and quantization effect. It is particularly effective for high-frequency contents such as texts and hand drawings. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with a variety of real images in a full-duplex projector-camera system.
The multiplicity of human formins: Expression patterns in cells and tissues

Formins are actin‐binding proteins conserved across species from plants to humans. The formin family is defined by their common formin homology (FH2) domains. The 15 distinct human formins are involved in a broad range of cellular functions, including cell adhesion, cytokinesis, cell polarity, and cell morphogenesis. Their commonality is actin polymerization activity inherent to FH2 domains. Although still requiring much study, biochemical activity of formins has been carefully described. In contrast, much less is known of their activities in complex living systems. With the diversity of the formin family and the actin structures that they affect, an extensive future of study beckons. In this study, we report the expression level of all 15 formins in 22 different human cell and tissue types using quantitative real‐time PCR. Identification of major themes in formin expression and documentation of expression profiles should facilitate the cellular study of formins. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stability and Asymptotic Optimality of Generalized MaxWeight Policies

It is shown that stability of the celebrated MaxWeight or back pressure policies is a consequence of the following interpretation: either policy is myopic with respect to a surrogate value function of a very special form, in which the “marginal disutility” at a buffer vanishes for a vanishingly small buffer population. This observation motivates the $h$-MaxWeight policy, defined for a wide class of functions $h$. These policies share many of the attractive properties of the MaxWeight policy as follows: (i) Arrival rate data is not required in the policy. (ii) Under a variety of general conditions, the policy is stabilizing when $h$ is a perturbation of a monotone linear function, a monotone quadratic, or a monotone Lyapunov function for the fluid model. (iii) A perturbation of the relative value function for a workload relaxation gives rise to a myopic policy that is approximately average-cost optimal in heavy traffic, with logarithmic regret. The first results are obtained for a general Markovian network model. Asymptotic optimality is established for a general Markovian scheduling model with a single bottleneck, and with homogeneous servers.
Silicon Photonics-Wireless Interface IC for 60-GHz Wireless Link

We demonstrated a silicon photonics-wireless interface integrated circuit (IC) realized in 0.25- μ m SiGe bipolar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, which converts 850-nm optical nonreturn-to-zero data into 60-GHz binary phase-shift keying wireless data. A transmission of 1.6 Gb/s in 60 GHz using the interface IC is successfully demonstrated with the error-free operation achieved at 6-dBm optical input power.
A Performance Comparison of On-Hand versus On-Phone Nonvisual Input by Blind and Sighted Users

On-body interaction, in which the user employs one's own body as an input surface, has the potential to provide efficient mobile computing access for blind users. It offers increased tactile and proprioceptive feedback compared to a phone and, because it is always available, it should allow for quick audio output control without having to retrieve the phone from a pocket or bag. Despite this potential, there has been little investigation of on-body input for users with visual impairments. To assess blind users’ performance with on-body input versus touchscreen input, we conducted a controlled lab study with 12 sighted and 11 blind participants. Study tasks included basic pointing and drawing more complex shape gestures. Our findings confirm past work with sighted users showing that the hand results in faster pointing than the phone. Most important, we also show that: (1) the performance gain of the hand applies to blind users as well, (2) the accuracy of where the pointing finger first lands is higher with the hand than the phone, (3) on-hand pointing performance is affected by the location of targets, and (4) shape gestures drawn on the hand result in higher gesture recognition rates than those on the phone. Our findings highlight the potential of on-body input to support accessible nonvisual mobile computing.
Purified Recombinant Fmrp Exhibits Selective RNA Binding as an Intrinsic Property of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein*

Fragile X syndrome is caused by the transcriptional silencing of the FMR1 gene due to a trinucleotide repeat expansion. The encoded protein, Fmrp, has been found to be a nucleocytoplasmic RNA-binding protein containing both KH domains and RGG boxes that associates with polyribosomes as a ribonucleoprotein particle. RNA binding has previously been demonstrated with in vitro-translated Fmrp; however, it remained uncertain whether the selective RNA binding observed was an intrinsic property of Fmrp or required an associated protein(s). Here, baculovirus-expressed and affinity-purified FLAG-tagged murine Fmrp was shown to bind directly to both ribonucleotide homopolymers and human brain mRNA. FLAG-Fmrp exhibited selectivity for binding poly(G) > poly(U) ≫ poly(C) or poly(A). Moreover, purified FLAG-Fmrp bound to only a subset of brain mRNA, including the 3′ untranslated regions of myelin basic protein message and its own message. Recombinant isoform 4, lacking the RGG boxes but maintaining both KH domains, was also purified and was found to only weakly interact with RNA. FLAG-purified I304N Fmrp, harboring the mutation of severe fragile X syndrome, demonstrated RNA binding, in contrast to previous suggestions. These data demonstrate the intrinsic property of Fmrp to selectively bind RNA and show FLAG-Fmrp as a suitable reagent for structural characterization and identification of cognate RNA ligands.
Multi-stage replay with crosscut

Deterministic record-replay has many useful applications, ranging from fault tolerance and forensics to reproducing and diagnosing bugs. When choosing a record-replay solution, the system administrator must choose a priori how comprehensively to record the execution and at what abstraction level to record it. Unfortunately, these choices may not match well with how the recording is eventually used. A recording may contain too little information to support the end use of replay, or it may contain more sensitive information than is allowed to be shown to the end user of replay. Similarly, fixing the abstraction level at the time of recording often leads to a semantic mismatch with the end use of replay. This paper describes how to remedy these problems by adding customizable replay stages to create special-purpose logs for the end users of replay. Our system, called Crosscut, allows replay logs to be "sliced" along time and abstraction boundaries. Using this approach, users can create slices that include only the processes, applications, or components of interest, excluding parts that handle sensitive data. Users can also retarget the abstraction level of the replay log to higher-level platforms, such as Perl or Valgrind. Execution can then be augmented with additional analysis code at replay time, without disturbing the replayed components in the slice. Crosscut thus uses replay itself to transform logs into a more efficient, secure, and usable form for replay-based applications. Our current Crosscut prototype builds on VMware Workstation's record-replay capabilities, and supports a variety of different replay environments. We show how Crosscut can create slices of only the parts of the computation of interest and thereby avoid leaking sensitive information, and we show how to retarget the abstraction level of the log to enable more convenient use during replay debugging.
Hyperdatabase Infrastructure for Management and Search of Multimedia Collections

Nowadays, digital libraries are inherently dispersed over several peers of a steadily increasing network. Dedicated peers may provide specialized, computationally expensive services such as image similarity search. Usually, the peers of such a network are uncoordinated in the sense that their content and services are not linked together. Nevertheless, users expect to transparently access and modify all the (multimedia) content anytime from anywhere not only in an efficient and effective but also consistent way. To match these demands, future digital libraries require an infrastructure that combines various information technologies like (mobile) databases, service-oriented architectures, peer-to-peer and grid computing. In this paper, we sketch such an infrastructure and illustrate how an example digital library application can work atop it.
Visual positioning system for automated indoor/outdoor navigation

This paper proposes a proof-of-concept for a novel automated indoor/outdoor navigation system. Our proposed method shall enable an object/user equipped to be able to navigate through closed environments using an automatically generated Spatial Map Graph (SMG) with the aid of pre-placed visual markers. The system is robust to dynamically changing complex environments, through adaptive reconfigurations in the SMG during execution. We show that it is possible to find optimal routes among several interconnected paths without relying on an external positioning system. Points of interest in a passive environment are detected from real time first-person-view input, which is then processed to pinpoint the current location, and extended further for navigation. Through this paper we explore the advantages and the challenges faced in implementing such a navigation system in a practical scenario. The way forward and future work has also been discussed.
Technological developments of the OGRE focal plane array

The Off-plane Grating Rocket Experiment (OGRE) is a high resolution soft X-ray spectrometer sub-orbital rocket payload designed as a technology development platform for three low Technology Readiness Level (TRL) components. The incident photons will be focused using a light-weight, high resolution, single-crystal silicon optic. They are then dispersed conically according to wavelength by an array of off-plane gratings before being detected in a focal plane camera comprised of four Electron Multiplying Charge-Coupled Devices (EM-CCDs). While CCDs have been extensively used in space applications; EM-CCDs are seldom used in this environment and even more rarely for X-ray photon counting applications, making them a potential technology risk for larger scale X-ray observatories. This paper will discuss the reasons behind choosing EM-CCDs for the focal plane detector and the developments that have been recently made in the prototype camera electronics and thermal control system.