Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Better Alternative to Piecewise Linear Time Series Segmentation

Time series are difficult to monitor, summarize and predict. Segmentation organizes time series into few intervals having uniform characteristics (flatness, linearity, modality, monotonicity and so on). For scalability, we require fast linear time algorithms. The popular piecewise linear model can determine where the data goes up or down and at what rate. Unfortunately, when the data does not follow a linear model, the computation of the local slope creates overfitting. We propose an adaptive time series model where the polynomial degree of each interval vary (constant, linear and so on). Given a number of regressors, the cost of each interval is its polynomial degree: constant intervals cost 1 regressor, linear intervals cost 2 regressors, and so on. Our goal is to minimize the Euclidean (l_2) error for a given model complexity. Experimentally, we investigate the model where intervals can be either constant or linear. Over synthetic random walks, historical stock market prices, and electrocardiograms, the adaptive model provides a more accurate segmentation than the piecewise linear model without increasing the cross-validation error or the running time, while providing a richer vocabulary to applications. Implementation issues, such as numerical stability and real-world performance, are discussed.
The Effect of Information Analysis Automation Display Content on Human Judgment Performance in Noisy Environments

Displaying both the strategy that information analysis automation employs to makes its judgments and variability in the task environment may improve human judgment performance, especially in cases where this variability impacts the judgment performance of the information analysis automation. This work investigated the contribution of providing either information analysis automation strategy information, task environment information, or both, on human judgment performance in a domain where noisy sensor data are used by both the human and the information analysis automation to make judgments. In a simplified air traffic conflict prediction experiment, 32 participants made probability of horizontal conflict judgments under different display content conditions. After being exposed to the information analysis automation, judgment achievement significantly improved for all participants as compared to judgments without any of the automation’s information. Participants provided with additional display content pertaining to cue variability in the task environment had significantly higher aided judgment achievement compared to those provided with only the automation’s judgment of a probability of conflict. When designing information analysis automation for environments where the automation’s judgment achievement is impacted by noisy environmental data, it may be beneficial to show additional task environment information to the human judge in order to improve judgment performance.
A Current-Based Security-Constrained Optimal Powe Flow by Multiple Particle Swarm Optimization

An Equivalent Current Injection (ECI) based Security-Constrained Optimal Power Flow (SCOPF) is presented in this paper and a Multiple Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) is developed for solving non-convex Optimal Power Flow problem. The OPF deals with both continuous and discrete control variables and is a mixed-integer OPF. The continuous control variables modeled are the active power output and generator-bus voltage magnitudes, while the discrete ones are the shunt capacitor devices. And first, security Analysis will be conducted before fault occurred in the system. Ranking method will be used to highlight the most severe event caused by the specific facility. Than, a preventive algorithm will make use of the contingency information, and could be kept the operator system security and avoided congestion when fault occurred.
Characterization of a unique OpMNPV-specific early gene not required for viral infection in tissue culture.

opep-2 is an Orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) early gene in the ie1-ie2 gene region for which there is no homolog in either the archetype virus, Autographa californica MNPV, or Bombyx mori NPV. opep-2 is transcribed immediately upon infection as three mRNAs which initiate from a early gene motif (TATA-N27-CAGT). The expression of multiple transcripts at very early times postinfection has only been previously described for the baculovirus early gene ie1, which produces spliced mRNAs. However, distinct from ie1, the multiple mRNAs of opep-2 are due to multiple termination sites and not splicing. Western blot analysis of steady-state levels of OPEP-2 showed that in OpMNPV-infected Ld652Y cells maximum levels are obtained at 8-12 hr postinfection (p.i.) prior to DNA replication. By 48 hr p.i. OPEP-2 is shut off and is undetectable. To aid in elucidating the function of this OpMNPV-specific gene an opep-2 deletion mutant was generated and was compared to wild-type virus to determine if its absence affects viral growth in Ld652Y tissue culture cells.
An Uncommon Cause of Generalized Edema: Protein-Losing Gastroenteropathy with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome

Protein-losing gastroenteropathy (PLGE) is a rare etiology of generalized edema. It is caused by a loss of serum protein into the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in hypoproteinemia, generalized edema, ascites, pleural effusions and occasionally, pericardial effusions. PLGE is associated with various conditions, such as gastrointestinal malignancy, cardiac diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune diseases, and various infections. Here, we report a 69-year-old woman with a presentation of generalized edema. PLGE was confirmed via a fecal alpha-1 antitrypsin clearance test. Sjogren’s syndrome was consequently diagnosed according to the symptoms, high level of anti-SSA/SSB antibodies, positive Schirmer’s test, sialoscintigraphy, and salivary gland biopsy. Remission was noted by treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone. A review of the literature was also performed to evaluate the clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcome. Nephrologists should consider PLGE as one of the different diagnoses of generalized edema if common causes are excluded.
Circuit modeling of spark-gap switch and fat dipole for DS pulser

Design process for DS pulser consisted of spark-gap switch and fat dipole antenna has been represented. The performance of pulser is predicted using both circuit simulation and EM simulation, and these predictions are confirmed by comparison with test result. The proposed design process will be applied to more complex structure of high power wideband pulser in the future.
Reversing type II migration: resonance trapping of a lighter giant protoplanet

We present new results related to the coupled evolution of a two giant planet system embedded in a protoplanetary disk, in which a Saturn mass protoplanet is trapped in an outer mean motion resonance with a Jupiter mass protoplanet. The gaps opened in the disk by the two planets overlap, therefore the two planet system exchanges angular momentum with the disk at the inner planet's Inner Lindblad Resonances (ILRs) and at the outer planet Outer Lindblad Resonances (OLRs). Since the torques are proportional to the square of the planet masses, and since the inner planet is about three times more massive than the outer one, the ILR torques are favored by a factor ∽ 10 with respect to the one planet case. In the case presented here, this leads to a positive differential Lindblad torque and consequently an outwards migration. We briefly discuss the long-term behavior of the system, which could account for the high eccentricities of the extra-solar planets with semimajor axis a > 0.2 AU.
Explicit constructions for compressed sensing of sparse signals

Over the recent years, a new approach for obtaining a succinct approximate representation of <i>n</i>-dimensional vectors (or signals) has been discovered. For any signal <i>x</i>, the succinct representation of <i>x</i> is equal to <i>Ax</i>, where <i>A</i> is a carefully chosen <i>R</i> x <i>n</i> real matrix, <i>R</i> ≪ <i>n. </i> Often, <i>A</i> is chosen at random from some distribution over <i>R</i> x <i>n</i> matrices. The vector <i>Ax</i> is often refered to as the <i>measurement vector</i> or a <i>sketch</i> of <i>x. </i> Although the dimension of <i>Ax</i> is much shorter than of <i>x</i>, it contains plenty of useful information about <i>x. </i>
Scaling up Dynamic Topic Models

Dynamic topic models (DTMs) are very effective in discovering topics and capturing their evolution trends in time series data. To do posterior inference of DTMs, existing methods are all batch algorithms that scan the full dataset before each update of the model and make inexact variational approximations with mean-field assumptions. Due to a lack of a more scalable inference algorithm, despite the usefulness, DTMs have not captured large topic dynamics. This paper fills this research void, and presents a fast and parallelizable inference algorithm using Gibbs Sampling with Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics that does not make any unwarranted assumptions. We also present a Metropolis-Hastings based $O(1)$ sampler for topic assignments for each word token. In a distributed environment, our algorithm requires very little communication between workers during sampling (almost embarrassingly parallel) and scales up to large-scale applications. We are able to learn the largest Dynamic Topic Model to our knowledge, and learned the dynamics of 1,000 topics from 2.6 million documents in less than half an hour, and our empirical results show that our algorithm is not only orders of magnitude faster than the baselines but also achieves lower perplexity.
CASICT-DCU Neural Machine Translation Systems for WMT17

We participated in the WMT 2016 shared news translation task on English ↔ Chinese language pair. Our systems are based on the encoder-decoder neural machine translation model with the attention mechanism. We employ the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) with the linear associative connection to build deep encoder and address the unknown words with the dictionary replace approach. The dictionaries are extracted from the parallel training data with unsupervised word alignment method. In the decoding procedure, the translation probabilities of the target word from different models are averagely combined as the ensemble strategy. In this paper, we introduce our systems from data preprocessing to post-editing in details.
Neuromechanical Features of the Cardiac Baroreflex After Exercise

A single bout of exercise is associated with postexercise hypotension, transient decreases in autonomic function, and changes in baroreflex sensitivity. The baroreflex is less sensitive to falling blood pressure than to rising blood pressure; we characterized the cardiac baroreflex in terms of hysteresis and its mechanical and neural components. We hypothesized that hysteresis would be exacerbated postexercise because of a greater relative decrease in falling blood pressure. In 10 healthy young humans (5 men), we used bolus injections of sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine hydrochloride to drive transient decreases and increases in blood pressure, respectively, to quantify cardiac baroreflex sensitivity to falling and rising blood pressure. This was completed before and at 10, 30, and 60 minutes after 40 minutes of cycling at 60% estimated maximal oxygen consumption. Analyses of beat-to-beat blood pressure, R-R intervals and heart rate, and carotid artery diameter were used to determine the integrated cardiac baroreflex response; this was further quantified into a mechanical component (systolic blood pressure versus carotid diameter) and a neural component (carotid diameter versus R-R interval). There were 2 principle findings: after aerobic exercise baroreflex sensitivity is reduced and hysteresis manifests, and the reduction in sensitivity to falling blood pressure is mediated by decreased mechanical and neural gains, whereas the decreased baroreflex sensitivity to rising blood pressure is mediated by a reduced mechanical gain only. We suggest that impaired neural transduction of the cardiac baroreflex, and its influence on hysteresis, plays an important role in transient autonomic dysfunction after exercise.
Nano Manufacturing Using Fountain Pen Nano-Lithography with Active Membrane Pumping

In this paper, nano manufacturing using the FPN (Fountain Pen Nano-Lithography) with active membrane pumping is investigated. This FPN has integrated pumping chamber, micro channel, and high capacity reservoir for continuous ink feed. The most important aspect in this probe provided the control of fluid injection using active membrane pumping in chamber. The flow rates in channel by capillary force are theoretically analyzed with two different working fluids, DPD (diphenyldichlorosilane) and water, including the cantilever deflection and the control of mass flow rates by the deflection of membrane. The theoretical results are compared with numerical ones that calculated by commercial code, FLUENT.
Characterisation of the warm acclimated protein gene (wap65) in the Antarctic plunderfish (Harpagifer antarcticus)

Physiological adaptation to increased environmental temperatures has been studied experimentally in a number of fish species, with the up-regulation of several genes identified as being associated with the process, such as the warm-acclimated protein (wap-65). This article describes the cloning and characterisation of the wap65-2 gene from the Antarctic plunderfish (Harpagifer antarcticus). The transcriptional expression of this gene in response to elevated seawater temperatures over a time course series is presented. Initially there is strong down-regulation of this gene to a maximum of 40-fold within 4 h, followed by recovery to almost control levels within 48 h, indicating that this gene does not play a role in the potential temperature adaptation of H. antarcticus.
Is it better to give than to receive? The assistance dilemma as a fundamental unsolved problem in the cognitive science of learning and instruction

To foster more robust student learning, when should instruction provide information and assistance to students and when should it request students to generate information, ideas, and solutions? In different forms, this dilemma for instructors has been a part of debates on education since Plato. However, it is fair to say that we remain far from a precise and sound scientific response. We believe this “Assistance Dilemma” is one of the fundamental unsolved problems in the cognitive and learning sciences. To address this dilemma, we suggest a four step strategy for more clearly articulating the problem and tackling it with computational models that can be used to make precise, replicable, and testable predictions about when instructional assistance should be given vs. withheld. We illustrate these steps on two different dimensions of instructional assistance. On the “problem spacing” dimension, we present a computational model that generates precise predictions of the kind we call for. On the more complex “example-problem” dimension, we illustrate how the field is at a point where such a precise computational model may be possible.
Fibronectins: multifunctional modular glycoproteins

Fibronectins are large glycoproteins that have been implicated in a wide variety of cellular properties, particularly those involving the interactions of cells with extracellular materials. These properties include cell adhesion, morphology, cytoskeletal organization, migration, differentiation, oncogenic transformation, phagocytosis, and hemostasis. During the past several years, investigations in many laboratories have analyzed the expression, functions, and structure of fibronectins. These studies have revealed that fibronectins have a complex molecular structure consisting of multiple specific binding sites, and the complex biological phenomena in which fibronectins participate can now be considered in terms of this structure. In this brief article we will review the current understanding of the structure and properties of fibronectins. Because a number of comprehensive reviews on various aspects of fibronectins have been published (1-13), we shall focus on overall concepts, recent developments and promising future research directions in this rapidly expanding field.
Connecting the Brain to Itself through an Emulation

Pilot clinical trials of human patients implanted with devices that can chronically record and stimulate ensembles of hundreds to thousands of individual neurons offer the possibility of expanding the substrate of cognition. Parallel trains of firing rate activity can be delivered in real-time to an array of intermediate external modules that in turn can trigger parallel trains of stimulation back into the brain. These modules may be built in software, VLSI firmware, or biological tissue as in vitro culture preparations or in vivo ectopic construct organoids. Arrays of modules can be constructed as early stage whole brain emulators, following canonical intra- and inter-regional circuits. By using machine learning algorithms and classic tasks known to activate quasi-orthogonal functional connectivity patterns, bedside testing can rapidly identify ensemble tuning properties and in turn cycle through a sequence of external module architectures to explore which can causatively alter perception and behavior. Whole brain emulation both (1) serves to augment human neural function, compensating for disease and injury as an auxiliary parallel system, and (2) has its independent operation bootstrapped by a human-in-the-loop to identify optimal micro- and macro-architectures, update synaptic weights, and entrain behaviors. In this manner, closed-loop brain-computer interface pilot clinical trials can advance strong artificial intelligence development and forge new therapies to restore independence in children and adults with neurological conditions.
Seeing systolic computations in a video game world

ToonTalk/sup TM/ is a general-purpose concurrent programming system in which the source code is animated and the programming environment is like a video game. Every abstract computational aspect is mapped into a concrete metaphor. For example, a computation is a city, a concurrent object is a house, inter-process communication is represented by birds carrying messages between houses, a method or clause is a robot trained by the user, and so on. The programmer controls a "programmer persona" in this video world to construct run, observe, debug, and modify programs. ToonTalk has been described in detail elsewhere. Here we show how systolic programs can be constructed and animated in ToonTalk. Systolic computations run on multiple processors connected in a regular topology, where all communication is via local message passing. A ToonTalk city can be seen as a systolic multi-processor and each house in the city as an active processor. One is able to construct systolic algorithms and watch their execution as houses are built and destroyed (i.e., processes are spawned and terminate) and birds carry messages between houses.
Study on the Anticoagulant or Procoagulant Activities of Type II Phenolic Acid Derivatives

In this study, three type II phenolic acids (caffeic acid, p-hydroxycinnamic acid, and ferulic acid) were used to synthesize a total of 18 phenolic acid derivatives. With molecular docking for molecule design and target protein (factors) screening, in combination with the confirmation of target proteins (factors) by surface plasmon resonance, and the evaluation of haemostatic and anticoagulant activities with five blood assays (plasma recalcification time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and thrombin time), the data indicated that caffeic acid derivatives showed certain anticoagulant or procoagulant activities and that two other series contained compounds with the best anticoagulant activities. Using Materials Studio analysis, particular functional groups that affect anticoagulant or procoagulant activities were revealed, and these conclusions can guide the discovery of compounds with better activities.
Novel Selective Medium for Isolation of Burkholderia pseudomallei

ABSTRACT Isolation of Burkholderia pseudomallei currently relies on the use of Ashdown's selective agar (ASA). We designed a new selective agar (Burkholderia pseudomallei selective agar [BPSA]) to improve recovery of the more easily inhibited strains of B. pseudomallei. B. pseudomallei, Burkholderia cepacia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to determine the selectivity and sensitivity of BPSA. BPSA was more inhibitory to P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia and should make recognition of Burkholderia species easier due to distinctive colony morphology. BPSA also inhibited Enterococcus, Escherichia, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus. These results indicate that BPSA is a potential replacement for ASA.
Complete problems for fixed-point logics

The notion of logical reducibilities is derived from the idea of interpretations between theories. It was used by Lovász and Gács [LG77] and Immerman [Imm87] to give complete problems for certain complexity classes and hence establish new connections between logical definability and computational complexity. However, the notion is also interesting in a purely logical context. For example, it is helpful to establish nonexpressibility results. We say that a class of τ-structures is a >complete problem for a logic under L-reductions if it is definable in [τ] and if every class definable in can be ”translated” into by L-formulae (cf. §4). We prove the following theorem: 1.1. Theorem. There are complete problemsfor partial fixed-point logic andfor inductive fixed-point logic under quantifier-free reductions. The main step of the proof is to establish a new normal form for fixed-point formulae (which might be of some interest itself). To obtain this normal form we use theorems of Abiteboul and Vianu [AV91a] that show the equivalence between the fixed-point logics we consider and certain extensions of the database query language Datalog. In [Dah87] Dahlhaus gave a complete problem for least fixed-point logic. Since least fixed-point logic equals inductive fixed-point logic by a well-known result of Gurevich and Shelah [GS86], this already proves one part of our theorem. However, our class gives a natural description of the fixed-point process of an inductive fixed-point formula and hence sheds some light on completely different aspects of the logic than Dahlhaus's construction, which is strongly based on the features of least fixed-point formulae.
The Influence of the Boundary Conditions on Low‐Velocity Impact Composite Damage

Abstract: The objective of this work was to study the influence of the boundary conditions on low‐velocity impact behaviour of carbon‐epoxy composite plates. Experimental work and numerical analysis were performed on [04,904]s laminates. The influence of different boundary conditions on the impacted plates was analysed considering rectangular and square plates. The X‐radiography was used as a non‐destructive technique to evaluate the internal damage caused by impact loading. A three‐dimensional numerical analysis was also performed considering progressive damage modelling. The model includes three‐dimensional solid elements and interface finite elements including a cohesive mixed‐mode damage model, which allows simulating delamination between different oriented layers. It was verified that plate’s boundary conditions have influence on the delaminated area. Good agreement between experimental and numerical analysis for shape, orientation and size of the delamination was obtained.