Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of thyroidectomy, hypophysectomy, and hormone replacement on the formation of triiodothyronine from thyroxine in rat liver and kidney.

Studies were performed to assess the effects of thyroidectomy and hypophysectomy on the overall metabolism of [125I]T4 and its conversion to [125I]T3.i in slices of rat liver and kidney. Within 2 days after thyroidectomy a slight reduction was evident in the generation of [125I]T3 from [125I]T4 in both liver and kidney, and 31 days after surgery the activity of this process in these tissues was markedly decreased. Thyroidectomy was associated with diminished disappearance of [125I]T4, decreased generation of [125I]iodide and, in kidney, decreased formation of [125I]tetraiodothyroacetic acid. Each of these changes in the metabolism of [125I]T4 in liver and kidney of thyroidectomized animals was reversed by administration of replacement doses of Ta for 10 days Hypophysectomy was similarly associated with diminished conversion of [125I]T4 to [125I]T3 that was slight 2 days postoperatively and became more pronounced 31 days after surgery. In liver and kidney from hypophysectomized animals, the degradation of .
'The Apostolicity of the Church' in Light of the Lutheran-Roman Catholic Consensus on Justification

The fourth phase of the international Lutheran-Roman Catholic dialogue resulted in a final report, The Apostolicity of the Church (AC), which was published in 2006. The convergences described in this document are best understood in light of the earlier stages in the Lutheran-Roman Catholic dialogue, especially in relation to the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification (JDDJ). AC seems to move beyond the 'differentiated consensus' of the JDDJ as it aims at some form of 'differentiated participation' of Lutheran and Roman Catholic ministers in the same apostolic ministry. A careful study of the way the topic of apostolic succession is dealt with in AC shows that a central aspect of the Roman Catholic concept of apostolic succession remains somewhat invisible in the document. This aspect can be made explicit in terms of the relation between faith and institution. The fact that this issue remains unaddressed may hinder the very attempt to determine the content of the proposed 'differentiated participation'.
Robust and Fast Lyric Search based on Phonetic Confusion Matrix

This paper proposes a robust and fast lyric search method for music information retrieval. Current lyric search systems by normal text retrieval techniques are severely deteriorated in the case that the queries of lyric phrases contain incorrect parts due to mishearing and misremembering. To solve this problem, the authors apply acoustic distance, which is computed based on a confusion matrix of an ASR experiment, into DP-based phonetic string matching. The experimental results show that the search accuracy is increased by more than 40% compared with the normal text retrieval method; and by 2% ∼4% compared with the conventional phonetic string matching method. Considering the high computation complexity of DP matching, the authors propose a novel two-pass search strategy to shorten the processing time. By pre-selecting the probable candidates by a rapid index-based search for the first pass and executing a DP-based search among these candidates during the second pass, the proposed method reduces processing time by 85.8% and keeps search accuracy at the same level as that of a complete search by DP matching with all lyrics.
A novel method for 3D prostate MR-histology registration using anatomical landmarks

No current imaging technique is capable of detecting with precision tumours within the prostate. To evaluate each technique, the histology data must be registered to the imaged data. As the histology slices cannot be assumed to be cut along the same plane as the imaged data was acquired, the registration must be considered as a 3D problem. We propose a novel 3D registration method which uses the ejaculatory ducts, an anatomical landmark present in every prostate and visible in both MR and histology. The method has been tested on 3 prostate specimens. The aligned histology slices are first shear corrected, with an average angular error after correction of 2.83±1.46°. The MR-histology registration accuracy, evaluated operator-independently, is on average 1.50 ± 0.74 mm.
The relation of leptin and adiponectin with breast density among premenopausal women

The adipocytokine leptin may increase breast cancer risk, while adiponectin may be protective. We examined the association of the two circulating markers with mammographic density, a strong predictor of breast cancer risk. For 183 premenopausal participants of a nutritional trial, mammograms performed at baseline, year 1 and year 2 were assessed for density using a computer-assisted method. Serum samples obtained at the same time were analyzed for leptin and adiponectin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We applied mixed models to incorporate the repeated measurements while adjusting for confounders including body mass index (BMI). At baseline, the mean age of the participants was 42.6±2.9 years; 40% were of Asian ancestry. Leptin was lower and adiponectin higher in normal weight than overweight women. Neither marker was related to absolute breast density. The significant inverse association of leptin with percent density disappeared when BMI was added to the model. After stratification by weight, percent density decreased with higher leptin levels in normal weight women, whereas it increased among overweight participants. After adjustment for BMI, the positive association between percent density and adiponectin was greatly reduced and no longer significant. These results do not support a strong association of leptin or adiponectin with breast cancer risk as assessed by mammographic density. In contrast, the findings suggest the possibility that the inverse association of BMI with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women is mediated by adipocytokines.
Development of Infant Action Systems and Exploratory Activity: A Tribute to Edward S. Reed

I use Edward S. Reed's work on action systems as a framework to discuss an ecological approach to the development of infant action. I use illustrations from infant action to argue that during development, infants make use of the intrinsic dynamics of their spontaneous motor activity, under a variety of task constraints, to create a small set of action systems. The paper focuses on dynamical systems that generate oscillations as the basis for observable rhythmic behaviors during infancy, such as rocking, shaking the arms, and babbling. Data are presented to illustrate the development of action systems for crawling, object manipulation, and speech. Particular underlying dynamical systems, under different task constraints, may transform body effectors into task-specific action systems: The leg becomes a "kicker," the arm holding a rattle becomes a "shaker," and the vocal tract a "talker. "
A critical appraisal of cryopreservation (slow cooling versus vitrification) of human oocytes and embryos.

BACKGROUND Vitrification is now a commonly applied technique for cryopreservation in assisted reproductive technology (ART) replacing, in many cases, conventional slow cooling methodology. This review examines evidence relevant to comparison of the two approaches applied to human oocytes and embryos at different developmental stages. METHODS Critical review of the published literature using PubMed with particular emphasis on studies which include data on survival and implantation rates, data from fresh control groups and evaluation of the two approaches in a single setting. RESULTS Slow cooling is associated with lower survival rates and compromised development relative to vitrification when applied to metaphase II (MII) oocytes, although the vitrification results have predominantly been obtained using direct contact with liquid nitrogen and there is some evidence that optimal protocols for slow cooling of MII oocytes are yet to be established. There are no prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which support the use of either technique with pronuclear oocytes although vitrification has become the method of choice. Optimal slow cooling, using modifications of traditional methodology, and vitrification can result in high survival rates of early embryos, which implant at the same rate as equivalent fresh counterparts. Many studies report high survival and implantation rates following vitrification of blastocysts. Although slow cooling of blastocysts has been reported to be inferior in some studies, others comparing the two approaches in the same clinical setting have demonstrated comparable results. The variation in the extent of embryo selection applied in studies can lead to apparent differences in clinical efficiency, which may not be significant if expressed on a 'per oocyte used' basis. CONCLUSIONS Available evidence suggests that vitrification is the current method of choice when cryopreserving MII oocytes. Early cleavage stage embryos can be cryopreserved with equal success using slow cooling and vitrification. Successful blastocyst cryopreservation may be more consistently achieved with vitrification but optimal slow cooling can produce similar results. There are key limitations associated with the available evidence base, including a paucity of RCTs, limited reporting of live birth outcomes and limited reporting of detail which would allow assessment of the impact of differences in female age. While vitrification has a clear role in ART, we support continued research to establish optimal slow cooling methods which may assist in alleviating concerns over safety issues, such as storage, transport and the use of very high cryoprotectant concentrations.
Inefficient Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in Mobile Lymphocytes

ABSTRACT Cell-to-cell viral transfer facilitates the spread of lymphotropic retroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), likely through the formation of “virological synapses” between donor and target cells. Regarding HIV replication, the importance of cell contacts has been demonstrated, but this phenomenon remains only partly characterized. In order to alter cell-to-cell HIV transmission, we have maintained cultures under continuous gentle shaking and followed viral replication in this experimental system. In lymphoid cell lines, as well as in primary lymphocytes, viral replication was dramatically reduced in shaken cultures. To document this phenomenon, we have developed an assay to assess the relative contributions of free and cell-associated virions in HIV propagation. Acutely infected donor cells were mixed with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeled lymphocytes as targets, and viral production was followed by measuring HIV Gag expression at different time points by flow cytometry. We report that cellular contacts drastically enhance productive viral transfer compared to what is seen with infection with free virus. Productive cell-to-cell viral transmission required fusogenic viral envelope glycoproteins on donor cells and adequate receptors on targets. Only a few syncytia were observed in this coculture system. Virus release from donor cells was unaffected when cultures were gently shaken, whereas virus transfer to recipient cells was severely impaired. Altogether, these results indicate that cell-to-cell transfer is the predominant mode of HIV spread and help to explain why this virus replicates so efficiently in lymphoid organs.
Personalized and relational approach for travel package recommendation

As the world of divertissement, expedition, and cyberspace telecommunications become associated different varieties of livelihood document become accesible for innovative use and ceremonial analysis. Expert plan to put together personalized and relational travel package recommendation system for the travelers. Thus, the existing packages are the items and the tourists are the users, and expert uses a actual-world tour data set provided by a travels for making advanced systems. To make actual-world application more sophisticated first expert expand a tourist-area-season-topic (TAST) model,which can useful to discover the interest of the tourist and excerpt the materialistic correlations among landscapes and shows exclusive quality of travel knowledge. Then on the basis of TAST model, cocktail approach is refined for personalized travel package recommendation, which can mingle many desirable necessity that exist in actual-world scenarios, by considering some ordinal components such as periodic behavior of tourist, demand of tour packages, cold start complication of new packages etc. After that, expert extends the TAST model to tourist-relation-area-season-topic (TRAST) model for gaining control relationship among travelers in each travel group. The result shows that TAST model can capture the quality of travel data and personalized approach is much more powerful than the traditional method and TRAST model has ability to capture the relationship among tourist hence, it can be used as an powerful estimation for tour gang arrangementAt the end expert implement the proof of ownership algorithm to provide security to the documents of the tourist by using Digital Self Attested concept.
Developing a comprehensive model of risk and protective factors that can predict spelling at age seven: findings from a community sample of Victorian children

The paper reports on a study designed to develop a risk model that can best predict single-word spelling in seven-year-old children when they were aged 4 and 5. Test measures, personal characteristics and environmental influences were all considered as variables from a community sample of 971 children. Strong concurrent correlations were found between single-word spelling and single-word reading while expressive language and, to a lesser extent, receptive language were less strongly correlated. Predictors of single-word spelling at ages 4 and 5 were dominated by child-related factors such as letter knowledge, a history of speech impairment and expressive language along with maternal word reading ability. Based on the strength of the predictive factors identified at both age 4 and 5, our results provide initial support for using a targeted model for screening pre-schoolers at risk of not mastering spelling in a timely manner.
Ciliated sensory hair cell formation and function require the F-BAR protein syndapin I and the WH2 domain-based actin nucleator Cobl

Summary During development, general body plan information must be translated into distinct morphologies of individual cells. Shaping cells is thought to involve cortical cytoskeletal components and Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs167 (BAR) superfamily proteins. We therefore conducted comprehensive side-by-side loss-of-function studies of zebrafish orthologs of the F-BAR protein syndapin I and the actin nucleator Cobl. Zebrafish syndapin I associates with Cobl. The loss-of-function phenotypes of these proteins were remarkably similar and suggested a common function. Both cobl- and syndapin I-morphant fish showed severe swimming and balance-keeping defects, reflecting an impaired organization and function of the lateral line organ. Their lateral line organs lacked several neuromasts and showed an impaired functionality of the sensory hair cells within the neuromasts. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that sensory hair cells of both cobl- and syndapin I-morphant animals showed defects in the formation of both microtubule-dependent kinocilia and F-actin-rich stereocilia. Consistent with the kinocilia defects in sensory hair cells, body length was shortened and the development of body laterality, a process depending on motile cilia, was also impaired. Interestingly, Cobl and syndapin I both localized to the base of forming cilia. Rescue experiments demonstrated that proper formation of ciliated sensory hair cell rosettes relied on Cobl's syndapin I-binding Cobl homology domain, the actin-nucleating C-terminus of Cobl and the membrane curvature-inducing F-BAR domain of syndapin I. Our data thus suggest that the formation of distinct types of ciliary structures relies on membrane topology-modulating mechanisms that are based on F-BAR domain functions and on complex formation of syndapin I with the actin nucleator Cobl.
Ideal selves and self‐esteem in people with independent or interdependent self‐construal

Not living up to one's ideal self has been shown to coincide with decreased self-esteem. In the present paper, this notion is applied to the differentiation between people with independent versus interdependent self-construal. We suggest that the ideal self of independents differs in two respects from the one of interdependents: with respect to its contents (autonomous versus social self-knowledge) and with respect to the degree of context-dependency of the encoded knowledge (context-independent versus context-dependent self-knowledge). In three studies, via a priming we either manipulated contents or degree of context-dependency of what participants considered themselves to actually be like. On both explicit and implicit measures, participants with independent construal indicated higher self-esteem after priming of autonomous and context-independent knowledge than after priming of social and context-dependent knowledge. The opposite pattern was observed in participants with interdependent construal. Results suggest that independent and interdependent construals mirror different ideals which are applied as a comparison standard when evaluating the self. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends in Finger Pinch Strength in Children, Adults, and the Elderly

This study explores empirical relationships among different types of pinches in three age groups. Peak maximum voluntary forces of several pinches-lateral, chuck, and pulp pinches with digits 2, 3, 4, and 5-were tested in 182 subjects comprising 62 children (5-12 years), 70 adults (18-40 years), and 50 elderly (60-89 years). Analysis of the forces indicated four groups of strength magnitude: (1) lateral and chuck, (2) pulp 2 and 3, (3) pulp 4, and (4) pulp 5, in that order; the strength of each type of pinch bears a definite quantitative relationship to every other type, regardless of age group or gender. The female-to-male strength ratio was greatest in children (89%) and least in adults (69%). Comparison with other pinch strength studies established that although force magnitudes may be strongly influenced by specific experimental conditions, empirical relationships among different pinch forces are fairly stable and predictable.
Analyzing Land Use/Land Cover Changes Using Remote Sensing and GIS in Rize, North-East Turkey

Mapping land use/land cover (LULC) changes at regional scales is essential for a wide range of applications, including landslide, erosion, land planning, global warming etc. LULC alterations (based especially on human activities), negatively effect the patterns of climate, the patterns of natural hazard and socio-economic dynamics in global and local scale. In this study, LULC changes are investigated by using of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Rize, North-East Turkey. For this purpose, firstly supervised classification technique is applied to Landsat images acquired in 1976 and 2000. Image Classification of six reflective bands of two Landsat images is carried out by using maximum likelihood method with the aid of ground truth data obtained from aerial images dated 1973 and 2002. The second part focused on land use land cover changes by using change detection comparison (pixel by pixel). In third part of the study, the land cover changes are analyzed according to the topographic structure (slope and altitude) by using GIS functions. The results indicate that severe land cover changes have occurred in agricultural (36.2%) (especially in tea gardens), urban (117%), pasture (-72.8%) and forestry (-12.8%) areas has been experienced in the region between 1976 and 2000. It was seen that the LULC changes were mostly occurred in coastal areas and in areas having low slope values.
Ansiedad y Depresión

En este articulo se hace una revision del tratamiento farmacologico de la ansiedad y depresion, precedida de una somera descripcion de estas patologias. Analizaremos las drogas ansioliticas y antidepresivas de uso comun y las mas recientes; ya que el medico debe conocer las indicaciones precisas de los distintos medicamentos, la farmacocinetica y farmacodinamia de los mismos, dosis, efectos adversos, interacciones con otros farmacos y complicaciones; para asi poder aplicarlos al paciente en forma individual, de manera que este se beneficie lo mejor posible. ABSTRACT In this articule it is made a revision of the pharmacological treatment of the anxiety and depression, preceded of a shallow description of these pathologies. We will analyze the drugs commonly used in anxiety and depression and the most recent, because he prescribes debit side to know the precise indications of the different medications, the farmacocinetica and farmacodinamia of the same ones, dose, effects adverse, interactions with other medications and complications; for this way to be able to apply them to the patient in form singular, so that this the best thing benefits possible.
Multicultural Benefits and Challenges for International Students during Period of Their Study: Case Study in Malaysia

Abstract Current researches on internationalization claim “studying overseas” as a set of potential that assist the augmentation of “globalization”. This article presents the Multicultural Benefits and challenges for International Students during Period of their Study in university Putra Malaysia. Qualitative method and convenience sampling was applied. Semi-structured interview and in depth interviews were conducted on 20 postgraduate students from various fields of study. The result of study showed that the benefits and challenges faced by the international post- graduate students can classify into distinct categories. Studying overseas offers benefits and plus points in terms of Career perspective, cultural familiarity, self-development. The challenges included problems related to facilities, social environment, education system, financial problem and international office programs. The comments made by the students could be considered by the university authorities for improvement in quality of education for international students during their studies. Keywords: International post-graduate students, challenges and benefits, qualitative method.
Collaborative health care teams in Canada and the USA: Confronting the structural embeddedness of medical dominance

Abstract There has been a renewed interest in collaborative models of health care delivered by ‘interdisciplinary teams’ of providers across several health care systems. This growing phenomenon raises a host of issues related to the management of professional boundaries and the contemporary state of medical dominance. In this paper, we undertake a critical analysis of the factors both promoting and impeding collaborative care models of primary and mental health care in Canada and the USA. The data our arguments are based upon include a combination of documentary and interview data from key stakeholders influential in various collaborative care initiatives. Based on these data, we develop a conceptual model of the various levels of influence, focusing in particular on the macro (regulatory/funding) and meso (institutional) factors. Our comparative policy and institutional analysis reveals the similarities and differences in the influences of the broader contexts in Canada and the USA, and by extension the different ways that the structural embeddedness of medical dominance impinges upon and reacts to recent policy changes regarding collaborative health care teams.