Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Answering Planning Queries with the Crowd

Recent research has shown that crowd sourcing can be used effectively to solve problems that are difficult for computers, e.g., optical character recognition and identification of the structural configuration of natural proteins. In this paper we propose to use the power of the crowd to address yet another difficult problem that frequently occurs in a daily life - answering planning queries whose output is a sequence of objects/actions, when the goal, i.e, the notion of "best output", is hard to formalize. For example, planning the sequence of places/attractions to visit in the course of a vacation, where the goal is to enjoy the resulting vacation the most, or planning the sequence of courses to take in an academic schedule planning, where the goal is to obtain solid knowledge of a given subject domain. Such goals may be easily understandable by humans, but hard or even impossible to formalize for a computer. We present a novel algorithm for efficiently harnessing the crowd to assist in answering such planning queries. The algorithm builds the desired plans incrementally, choosing at each step the 'best' questions so that the overall number of questions that need to be asked is minimized. We prove the algorithm to be optimal within its class and demonstrate experimentally its effectiveness and efficiency.
Regional purchase orders dissemination and shipments aggregation of agricultural products with interworking EPC network and EDI system

This paper proposes an Electronic Product Code (EPC) based supply chain visibility system framework which interworks with Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) system which manages its orders and inventory with non-EPC stock keeping units (SKU) and their quantity. The feature of the framework is the cascadable packing/shipping management, which enables regional dissemination of purchase order and shipment aggregation. The feature is enabled by an EPC event interpreter which demands minimal modification to EDI systems. We implemented the framework in an agricultural products commerce system in which the inventory is distributed in multiple farmers and collectors. We confirmed the functionality and performance of the framework through one-months pilot commerce operation with over 150 transactions. We found 54% of the orders involve multiple products and 27% of orders exceeds the shipment free threshold. It was revealed that the regional order dissemination and shipment aggregation function is attractive both to farmers and consumers because we can provide various assortment of regional agricultural products in one commerce site. In addition, we can reduce the shipment cost and shipment labors of farmers by regionally aggregating shipments.
National Value Differences

All research shows substantial between-country differences in values. How can these be explained? This article argues that a social institution's approach is more effective than the often-used modernization theory to explain value differences among countries. The analysis is based on European data from the European Values Study Group's surveys in 1990. It is shown that familism is best explained by examining particular denominations, that dominate a country. Welfare-state values are explained by the character of the welfare state and nationalistic values by the heterogeneity of the nation. The result is a picture of fragmentation of values among the European countries based on fundamental institutional arrangements in the various countries, the conclusion being that it cannot be expected that it is possible to create common European values.
Children and Behavioural Problems: Anxiety, Aggression, Depression and ADHD – A Biopsychological Model with Guidelines for Diagnostics and Treatment

Preface. 1. Introduction. PART I: The Model. 2. Disorder versus Impediment. 3. Differences between Men and Women. 4. Conduct Difficulties: The Conduct Disorder. 5. Conduct Difficulties: The Conduct Problem. 6. The Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). 7. Typical Behaviour. PART II: Professional Help. 8. Diagnostics. 9. The Treatment of an Externalising Conduct Disorder. 10. The Treatment of an Internalising Conduct Disorder. 11. The Treatment of Externalising and Internalising Conduct Problems. 12. The Treatment of ADHD and Hyperactivity. Appendix 1: Psychosomatics Model. Appendix 2: Behaviour Contract. References and Further Reading. Subject Index. Author Index.
GC/MS assays for abused drugs in body fluids.

Its primary objective is to provide critical reviews of research problem areas and techniques, the content of state-of-the-art conferences, integrative research reviews and significant original research. Its dual publication emphasis is rapid and targeted dissemination to the scientific and professional community. The United States Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product, commodity, or supplier. Trade or proprietary names and names of suppliers appearing in this publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the information presented. Library of Congress catalog card number 80-600143 DHHS publication number (ADM) 80-1014 Printed 1980 NIDA Research Monographs are indexed in the Index Medicus. They are selectively included in the coverage of Biosciences Information Service, Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents, Psychological Abstracts, and Psychopharmocology abstracts. iv Foreword This monograph presents a collection of methods for the quantitative analysis of several important drugs of abuse by the technique of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The material is arranged textbook fashion, by chapters on specific drugs, to assist researchers in setting up GC/MS assay procedures in their own laboratories. These assays are particularly suited to basic studies on the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of drugs of abuse. Forensic toxicology, which sometimes requires the highly sensitive and specific sample analysis provided by GC/MS, is another important area of application. Even when an alternate method such as immu-noassay is available for such analyses, GC/MS is often the only means of providing a confirmation assay. The sensitivity and specificity of GC/MS are especially critical to studies on the impact of drugs on traffic safety. In addition, demand for legislation relating to drugs and highway safety is increasing, and enforcement of such laws will necessitate appropriate sample assays. The unique characteristics of the GC/MS analytical method make it the only means of determining drug levels under certain circumstances. The inherent complexity of the technique, however, often dissuades investigators from embarking on studies that involve its use. At a time when basic questions underlying drug abuse call for increasingly sophisticated methods of data acquisition, this monograph should provide the information needed to make one of these procedures easier to establish and to encourage new areas of research. v Preface Soon after the establishment of the National Institute on Drug Abuse in 1974, the development of an analytical program emphasizing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was initiated. A major part of this program was directed at the development, testing, …
Reduced-Dimension Multiuser Detection

We present a reduced-dimension multiuser detector (RD-MUD) structure for synchronous systems that significantly decreases the number of required correlation branches at the receiver front end, while still achieving performance similar to that of the conventional matched-filter (MF) bank. RD-MUD exploits the fact that, in some wireless systems, the number of active users may be small relative to the total number of users in the system. Hence, the ideas of analog compressed sensing may be used to reduce the number of correlators. The correlating signals used by each correlator are chosen as an appropriate linear combination of the users' spreading waveforms. We derive the probability of symbol error when using two methods for recovery of active users and their transmitted symbols: the reduced-dimension decorrelating (RDD) detector, which combines subspace projection and thresholding to determine active users and sign detection for data recovery, and the reduced-dimension decision-feedback (RDDF) detector, which combines decision-feedback matching pursuit for active user detection and sign detection for data recovery. We derive probability of error bounds for both detectors, and show that the number of correlators needed to achieve a small probability of symbol error is on the order of the logarithm of the number of users in the system. The theoretical performance results are validated via numerical simulations.
Finite Sampling in Multiple Generated  $U$ -Invariant Subspaces

The relevance in a sampling theory of U-invariant subspaces of a Hilbert space H, where U denotes a unitary operator on H, is nowadays a recognized fact. Indeed, shift-invariant subspaces of L2(R) become a particular example; periodic extensions of finite signals also provide a remarkable example. As a consequence, the availability of an abstract U-sampling theory becomes a useful tool to handle these problems. In this paper, we derive a sampling theory for finite dimensional multiple generated U-invariant subspaces of a Hilbert space H. As the involved samples are identified as frame coefficients in a suitable euclidean space, the relevant mathematical technique is that of the finite frame theory. Since finite frames are nothing but spanning sets of vectors, the used technique naturally meets matrix analysis.
Solar PV based DC power supply for rural homes with analog, multiplier-less MPPT controller

Roof-top solar PV system has an important place in the context of rural electrification where extension of distribution grid is not economically viable. In this paper, a solar PV converter system with low storage requirement is proposed which is suitable for this application. The system consists of two boost converters of different power rating connected to the output of a solar PV panel. The output of the low power rating converter is connected to a battery while output of the other converter is regulated. The split converter approach to feed power to different kind of loads leads to reduced rating of storage elements while maintaining MPPT operation. The paper also proposes a P&O algorithm based analog MPPT controller which uses low-complexity circuit components to realize memory elements and does not require any signal multiplier for power calculation. Modeling and control of the PV connected converters are presented in this paper. An experimental prototype validates the operation of the system under real life input and loading conditions. The prototype is tested with different PV modules with peak output power of 164 W, 178W and 255 W. The proposed MPPT controller achieves a 99.92% tracking efficiency at 255 W PV output.
The New Anti-Catholicism: The Last Acceptable Prejudice

Anti-Catholicism has a long history in America. And as Philip Jenkins argues in The New Anti-Catholicism, this virulent strain of hatred-once thought dead-is alive and well in our nation, but few people seem to notice, or care. A statement that is seen as racist, misogynistic, anti-Semitic, or homophobic can haunt a speaker for years, writes Jenkins, but it is still possible to make hostile and vituperative public statements about Roman Catholicism without fear of serious repercussions. Jenkins shines a light on anti-Catholic sentiment in American society and illuminates its causes, looking closely at gay and feminist anti-Catholicism, anti-Catholic rhetoric and imagery in the media, and the anti-Catholicism of the academic world. For newspapers and newsmagazines, for television news and in movies, for major book publishers, the Catholic Church has come to provide a grossly stereotyped public villain. Catholic opinions, doctrines, and individual leaders are frequently the butt of harsh satire. Indeed, the notion that the church is a deadly enemy of women, the idea of Catholic misogyny, is commonly accepted in the news media and in popular culture, says Jenkins. And the recent pedophile priest scandal, he shows, has revived many ancient anti-Catholic stereotypes. It was said that with the election of John F. Kennedy, anti-Catholicism in America was dead. This provocative new book corrects that illusion, drawing attention to this important issue.
Voice Recognition

11.1. 1 CHAINS Corpus CHAracterizing Individual Speakers (CHAINS) was used to determine the accuracy of identifying an individual by an assortment of methods. The CHAINS project is used to identify key features in voices unique to individuals, which are possibly shared between speakers who adopt each other’s style of speaking. The datasets included 36 speakers (18 males and 18 females) from East Ireland, from those who speak Eastern HibernoEnglish, from the United Kingdom, and the United States. All subjects are recorded under several speaking conditions. This allows speaker comparison across a variety of well-defined speech styles (http://chains.ucd.ie/ ftpaccess.php).
Admission Control for Providing QoS in Wireless Mesh Networks

An admission control algorithm should be properly designed to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). Based on channel business ratio, an admission control algorithm (ACA) is proposed to provide QoS for realtime and non-realtime traffic. For realtime traffic, all the nodes on a route make the admission control decision based on the estimation of available bandwidth. For non-realtime traffic, a rate adaption algorithm is proposed to adjust the sending rates of the source nodes to prevent a network from entering a saturated status. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness by simulations in NS-2.
Epigenomics of Neural Cells: REST-Induced Down- and Upregulation of Gene Expression in a Two-Clone PC12 Cell Model

Cell epigenomics depends on the marks released by transcription factors operating via the assembly of complexes that induce focal changes of DNA and histone structure. Among these factors is REST, a repressor that, via its strong decrease, governs both neuronal and neural cell differentiation and specificity. REST operation on thousands of possible genes can occur directly or via indirect mechanisms including repression of other factors. In previous studies of gene down- and upregulation, processes had been only partially investigated in neural cells. PC12 are well-known neural cells sharing properties with neurons. In the widely used PC12 populations, low-REST cells coexist with few, spontaneous high-REST PC12 cells. High- and low-REST PC12 clones were employed to investigate the role and the mechanisms of the repressor action. Among 15,500 expressed genes we identified 1,770 target and nontarget, REST-dependent genes. Functionally, these genes were found to operate in many pathways, from synaptic function to extracellular matrix. Mechanistically, downregulated genes were predominantly repressed directly by REST; upregulated genes were mostly governed indirectly. Among other factors, Polycomb complexes cooperated with REST for downregulation, and Smad3 and Myod1 participated in upregulation. In conclusion, we have highlighted that PC12 clones are a useful model to investigate REST, opening opportunities to development of epigenomic investigation.
An Attractive Force Model for Weighting Links in Query-Dependant Web Page Ranking

Link weighting is crucial for performance of link-based web page ranking algorithms. Typically, a link is viewed as recommendation between pages, which is an unquantifiable term and existing approaches lack physical interpretations. In this paper, we view a link as the attractive force between pages, and map concepts of web (in/out degree, content similarity, etc.) to those of physics (mass, distance, attractive force). Inspired by Reilly’s Law of Retail Gravitation, we propose a gravitation-like model for calculating the attractive force. We then implement a instance of our algorithm framework by taking some features of web pages into consideration. Experimental results show that this instance outperforms other typical algorithms (HITS, Randomized-HITS, and SALSA) with higher precision, better resistibility of TKC effect and no need of filtering intra-domain links.
Privacy Preserving Data Mining Using Cryptographic Role Based Access Control Approach

In our era, Knowledge is not "just" information anymore, it is an asset. Data mining is thus extensively used for knowledge discovery from large databases. The problem with data mining is that with the availability of non-sensitive information, one is able to infer sensitive information that is not to be disclosed. Thus privacy is becoming an increasingly important issue in many data mining applications. This has led to the development of privacy preserving data mining. Two main approaches to privacy preserving data mining have emerged in recent years. The first approach protects the privacy of the data by using an extended role based access control approach where sensitive objects identification is used to protect an individual’s privacy. The second approach uses cryptographic techniques. We propose a new solution by integrating the advantages of both these techniques with the view of minimizing information loss and privacy loss. By making use of cryptographic techniques to store sensitive data and providing access to the stored data based on an individual’s role, we ensure that the data is safe from privacy breaches.
Romance on a Global Stage: Pen Pals, Virtual Ethnography, and “Mail Order” Marriages

Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Making Introductions 2. Ethnography in Imagined Virtual Communities 3. Feminism and Myths of "Mail-Order" Marriages 4. Fairy Tales, Family Values, and the Global Politics of Romance 5. Political Economy and Cultural Logics of Desire 6. Women's Agency and the Gendered Geography of Marriage 7. Tales of Waiting: History, Immigration, and the State 8. Conclusion: Marriage, Migration, and Transnational Families Notes References Cited Index
Simulating Cellular Communications in Vehicular Networks: Making SimuLTE Interoperable with Veins

The evolution of cellular technologies toward 5G progressively enables efficient and ubiquitous communications in an increasing number of fields. Among these, vehicular networks are being considered as one of the most promising and challenging applications, requiring support for communications in high-speed mobility and delay-constrained information exchange in proximity. In this context, simulation frameworks under the OMNeT++ umbrella are already available: SimuLTE and Veins for cellular and vehicular systems, respectively. In this paper, we describe the modifications that make SimuLTE interoperable with Veins and INET, which leverage the OMNeT++ paradigm, and allow us to achieve our goal without any modification to either of the latter two. We discuss the limitations of the previous solution, namely VeinsLTE, which integrates all three in a single framework, thus preventing independent evolution and upgrades of each building block.
Comparison of head gaze and head and eye gaze within an immersive environment

For efficient collaboration between participants, eye gaze is seen as being critical for interaction. Teleconferencing systems such as the AcessGrid allow users to meet across geographically disparate rooms but as of now there seems no substitute for face to face meetings. This paper gives an overview of some preliminary work that looks towards integrating eye gaze into an immersive collaborative virtual environment and assessing the impact that this would have on interaction between the users of such a system. An experiment was conducted to assess the difference between users' abilities to judge what objects an avatar is looking at with only head gaze being viewed and also with eye and head gaze data being displayed. The results from the experiment show that eye gaze is of vital importance to the subjects correctly identifying what a person is looking at in an immersive virtual environment. This is followed by a description of how the eye tracking system has been integrated into an immersive collaborative virtual environment and some preliminary results from the use of such a system
Identification of antifungal niphimycin from Streptomyces sp. KP6107 by screening based on adenylate kinase assay

Microbial culture extracts are used for natural product screening to find antifungal lead compounds. A microbial culture extract library was constructed using 343 actinomycete isolates to examine the value of the adenylate kinase (AK) assay for screening to identify antifungal metabolites that disrupt cell integrity in plant pathogenic fungi. A culture extract of Streptomyces sp. strain KP6107 lysed cells of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici which resulted in high AK activity. The active ingredient N‐1 was purified from the culture extract using various chromatographic procedures and identified to be the guanidyl‐polyol macrolide antibiotic, niphimycin, which is a potent fungal cell membrane disruptor. Niphimycin showed broad‐spectrum antifungal activity against Alternaria mali, Aspergillus oryzae, Colletotrichum coccodes, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Cercospora canescens, Cylindrocarpon destructans, F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum, F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, and Rhizoctonia solani at concentrations of 8–64 µg ml−1. Anthracnose development in pepper plants was completely inhibited by treatment with 50 µg ml−1 niphimycin, which was as effective as chlorothalonil. These results show that the AK assay is an efficient and selective tool in screening for cell membrane/wall disruptors of plant pathogenic fungi.
The relation of temperature to the heart rate of the south african frog (Xenopus dactylethra)

THE experiments embodied in the present report were done as an extension of the work of Barcroft and Izquierdol [1931] upon the relation of temperature to heart rate in the English frogs (Rana ternporaria and R. pipiens). Some observers have found that the curve relating heart rate to temperature when the latter did not rise above or fall below a level detrimental to the cardiac tissue, was a straight line. Others have maintained that the curve was of the logarithmic type, as it should be were the temperature-frequency relationship of the heart governed by a simple application of the van 't Hoff rule. Know lton and Starling [1912] found a linear relationship to exist between the temperature and the heart rate in the heart-lung preparation of the dog between 260 and 400 C. , and for this reason insist that it is misleading to speak of a temperature coefficient of the heart since it is not the same within different temperature ranges. Barcroft and Izquierdo found that the slowing or acceleration of the excised heart of the English summer frog, which occurred in response to cooling or heating between 4° and 200 C. , bore, as a rule, a roughly linear relationship to the temperature. We have carried out a similar series of experiments upon the excised heart of the English frog in summer. Izquierdo's technique for the suspension of the heart in saline was followed with but a single modification, namely, instead of attaching a thread to the sinus itself, the pericardium was employed as a means of attachment and suspension of the organ. Izquierdo [1930] found that the heart increased in rate for a time after excision, and a steady rate was not attained until after the organ had been immersed in saline for 30 minutes or more. For this reason the temperature in our experiments was kept constant for a time