Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mexico The Colonial Era

This book is the second in a three-volume history of Mexico, a major work that conveys the full sweep of Mexican history in all its social, economic, and political diversity, from the first human settlement of Mesoamerica down to the post-PRI politics of our day. Focusing on the period from 1521 to 1821, Volume 2 offers a comprehensive narrative and analysis of colonial Mexico following the Spanish conquest. In explaining colonial patterns of development, Alan Knight pays particular attention to the political economy of the colony: the formation and growth of the hacienda and its impact on the Indian peasantry; the dynamics of the colonial state and its relationship to the church; the role of trade, demography, warfare and taxation; and contrasting patterns of regional development, of class and ethnic conflict, and of popular protest in both city and countryside. Global comparisons and theoretical perspectives inform the analysis. The author also addresses the processes of ethnic formation, religious conversion, and acculturation which gave New Spain its distinct and diverse identity. The book concludes with an analysis of the accumulating tensions of the Bourbon era and of the bloody struggle for Mexican independence.
The first digit frequencies of primes and Riemann zeta zeros tend to uniformity following a size-dependent generalized Benford's law

Prime numbers seem to distribute among the natural numbers with no other law than that of chance, however its global distribution presents a quite remarkable smoothness. Such interplay between randomness and regularity has motivated sci- entists of all ages to search for local and global patterns in this distribution that eventually could shed light into the ultimate nature of primes. In this work we show that a generalization of the well known first-digit Benford's law, which addresses the rate of appearance of a given leading digit d in data sets, describes with astonishing precision the statistical distribution of leading digits in the prime numbers sequence. Moreover, a reciprocal version of this pattern also takes place in the sequence of the nontrivial Riemann zeta zeros. We prove that the prime number theorem is, in the last analysis, the responsible of these patterns. Some new relations concerning the prime numbers distribution are also deduced, including a new approximation to the counting function pi(n). Furthermore, some relations concerning the statistical conformance to this generalized Benford's law are derived. Some applications are finally discussed.
Emergence of strategic direction, organizational structure and employee integration : a framework for the Dialectic Organization

The main objective of this thesis is to develop a system dynamics model of organizational change. The Organizational Studies, Strategic Management and System Dynamic fields will be reviewed, concluding that there are gaps in the extant literature: none of them has been successful in defining the minimum set of processes and variables required to characterize organizational change. Through an exploratory study using a comparative-case study analysis, it was found that, on the one hand, under low requirements for change (i.e. stable organizational-environment fit), organizations tend to increase their inertia (i.e. tend to be more bureaucratic). On the other hand under high requirements for change (i.e. unstable organizational-environment fit), organizations tend to try to reduce their inertia (i.e. increasing their ability to change), as a way to adapt themselves to the environment. Through an analysis of previous simulation models of the organization and environment interface, it was found that the inertia-performance relationship follows an inverted U-shape. When this relationship is included in current models of organizational change, they become highly instable. Through the development of a system dynamics model, it was found that the stability of the system is achieved through the inclusion of two additional sectors: employee motivation and employee integration. Thus, this exploratory study establishes that apparently three main processes are required, as a minimum, to characterize organizational change: the emergence of strategic direction, the emergence of organizational structure and the emergence of employee integration. Within this view, the organization could be seen as a double-edged reduction of complexity system: on the one hand the organization needs to reduce the complexity of the environment in order to create an “internal order”. But on the other hand, it needs to reduce the complexity of the employees in order to motivate them to participate in its internal processes. We define this system as a “Dialectic Organization”.
Cell Type-Specific Activation of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Genes by Sox10

The regulatory factor Sox10 is expressed in neural crest derivatives during development as well as in the adult CNS and peripheral nervous system. Mutations of the human Sox10 gene have been identified in patients with Waardenburg-Hirschsprung syndrome that is characterized by defects in neural crest development. Previous studies suggested that Sox10 might function as an important transcriptional regulator of neural crest development. No natural target genes of Sox10 have yet been identified. Although human Sox10 activates a synthetic promoter consisting of a TATA box and multiple Sox consensus sequences, no transcriptional activity of the rat Sox10 homolog has been detected. Here we report that the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β4 and α3 subunit gene promoters are transactivated by rat Sox10 in a cell type-specific manner. The α3 and β4 subunits, in combination with the α5 subunit, make up the predominant nicotinic receptor subtype expressed in the peripheral nervous system. Transfections using Sox10 mutants indicate that the C-terminal region is dispensable for its ability to activate the β4 and α3 promoters. Rat Sox10 was originally identified as an accessory protein of the POU domain protein Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP in glial cells. Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP was shown previously to activate the α3 promoter. We now demonstrate that it can transactivate the β4 promoter as well. However, we were unable to detect any synergistic effects of Sox10 and Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP on β4 or α3 promoter activity. Finally, we present data suggesting that recombinant Sox10 protein can directly interact with a previously characterized regulatory region of the β4 gene.
The Impacts of Serious Game Play on the Study Habits of the Community College Student: An Exploratory Study

This quantitative study explored the growing population of community college students and their exposure to serious electronic games. Serious gamers are students that spend a significant amount of time playing electronic games, specifically those games that have and educational intent or a measured learning outcome. These students have not been studied at any length regarding study habits or the impact of serious gaming on health, particularly in the community college setting. This exploratory study analyzed the differences in study habits and class attendance of community college students, with regard to exposure to serious electronic games. A Qualtrics based survey was administered to the student population and anonymous results were compiled. Serious gamer status was significantly associated with eating and exercise habits of the student, but not with study habits. An understanding of the health and exercise habits of community college students, in particular those that are serious gamers, was the purpose of the study. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor Guillermo Montes Second Supervisor John Mavromatis Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/education_etd/198 The Impacts of Serious Game Play on the Study Habits of the Community College Student: An Exploratory Study
Web Video Data Clustering and Recognition Using Histograms of Phoneme Symbols

The clustering and recognition of Web video content play an important role in multimedia information retrieval. This paper proposes a method for both clustering and recognizing Web video content using a histogram of phoneme symbols (HoPS). HoPS contains information about speech and sound intervals. In this study, three experiments were conducted.The first experiment allocated HoPS feature of video intervals in a 3D space using PCA and quantification method IV (Q-IV). The second experiment applied the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) method to analyze the difficulties in clustering. The third experiment recognized unknown video intervals by using the distance between HoPS of the query and a category average. The accuracy of the recognition results were 44.3% and 36.9% using the Mahalanobis distance and the correlation distance for the category average of training data, respectively.
From “ Manbearpig ” to “ Man bear pig ” : An Evaluation of Unsupervised Word Segmentation Algorithms

In this paper, we explore diverse methods of unsupervised morphemic segmentation. We test Successor and Predecessor Count algorithms, Entropy algorithms, and Affix Discovery algorithms. The paper examines word stemming based on these algorithms, and the influence of training corpus size on segmentation accuracy. We propose variations on these algorithms to improve overall efficacy. While these segmentation algorithms achieve limited success, they remain only a first step in the creation of a truly accurate unsupervised segmentor.
The influence of cloudiness on UV global irradiance ( 295 – 385 nm )

Two years of continuous measurements of UV (295–385 nm) irradiance recorded at Granada (37.18 ◦N, 3.58◦W, 660 m a.m.s.l.), Spain, were combined with concurrent synoptic cloud observations to establish the relative influence of clouds on UV irradiance. A marked influence of cloud cover on UV irradiance is evident, but negligible for fractional cloud coverage below 3 octas. The ratio of UV irradiance to the total solar irradiance increases with cloud cover, especially for cloud cover greater than 4 octas, highlighting the different effects of cloud on total solar irradiance and UV irradiance. In order to determine the effect of cloud on UV irradiance, we considered a cloud modification factor, defined as the ratio between the UV measurements and the corresponding clear sky UV irradiance that would be expected for the same time period and atmospheric conditions. It is shown that the effect of cloud for UV wavelengths is less than that for the whole solar spectrum and less than that for the visible part of the spectrum. On the other hand, the small influence of cloud cover for intermediate cloudiness was accompanied by low variability and variability increases with increasing cloud cover. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A model‐based approach for analog spatio‐temporal dynamic forecasting

Analog forecasting has been applied in a variety of fields for predicting future states of complex nonlinear systems that require flexible forecasting methods. Past analog methods have almost exclusively been used in an empirical framework without the structure of a model‐based approach. We propose a Bayesian model framework for analog forecasting, building upon previous analog methods but accounting for parameter uncertainty. Thus, unlike traditional analog forecasting methods, the use of Bayesian modeling allows one to rigorously quantify uncertainty to obtain realistic posterior predictive distributions. The model is applied to the long‐lead time forecasting of mid‐May averaged soil moisture anomalies in Iowa over a high‐resolution grid of spatial locations. Sea surface temperature is used to find past time periods with similar trajectories to the current pre‐forecast period. The analog model is developed on projection coefficients from a basis expansion of the soil moisture and sea surface temperature fields. Separate models are constructed for locations falling in each Iowa Crop Reporting District, and the forecasting ability of the proposed model is compared against a variety of alternative methods and metrics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Institutional Environment and Survival of Overseas Subsidiaries Institutional Environment and Survival of Overseas Subsidiaries Mortality of Foreign Direct Investment Insert Figure 1 Political Openness and Fdi Mortality

We examine the effect of the institutional environment (IE) on the mortality of overseas subsidiaries in a country and test whether partnership strategies help to mitigate the hazards that come from regulatory, normative and cognitive constraints that institutions place on these subsidiaries. We use measures of political openness and social openness to characterize the regulative and normative dimensions of IE and use density of subsidiary population in a country to characterize the cognitive dimension. Empirical analysis of 12,000+ Japanese overseas investments from 1986-1997 in 25 countries shed light on the role of IE on subsidiary mortality and the interaction effect of partnering on the relationship between IE and mortality. Results provide support for long-held theoretical assertions and a promising approach to simultaneously investigate institutional effects on entry modes and the performance and survival of foreign direct investment. A country's economic environment, as reflected in the attractiveness of the market to foreign firms, is a fundamental factor that determines the amount of foreign direct investment (FDI) in that country (Dunning, 1993). However, several factors outside the economic realm, such as the structure of political and social institutions, which are broadly grouped under the institutional environment, can also play a substantial role. The institutional environment is a major consideration for foreign investors as it constrains how these investments are structured. It also exerts significant influence on the legitimacy and thus the survival of these investments 1 The study of institutional environments is most apparent in the treatment of MNEs as they transcend multiple institutional environments (Kostova and Zaheer, 1999; Rosenzweig and Singh, 1991). In international business (IB) literature, two distinct approaches have been used to understand the effect of institutional environments on organizations. The political economy stream emphasizes the risk and complexity of investing in a country arising from the regulatory policy, and uses an array of variables such as political risk, political hazard, and restrictiveness The cultural or sociological stream posits that similarity or distance between the home and host country cultures can influence a firm's choice in selecting the investment destination as well as the mode. Psychic distance and cultural distance have been predominantly used for empirical operationalization of culture 1 We acknowledge that firm-level advantage is also a critical factor that influences a firm's investment strategy (Dunning, 1993; Rugman, 1981). However, we focus our attention here on the external environment, treat the firm's ownership advantage as exogenous to the …
Quadrance polygons, association schemes and strongly regular graphs

Quadrance between two points A_1 = [x_1,y_1] and A_2 = [x_2,y_2] is the number Q (A_1, A_2) := (x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2. In this paper, we present some interesting results arise from this notation. In Section 1, we will study geometry over finite fields under quadrance notations. The main purpose of Section 1 is to answer the question, for which a_1,. ,a_n, we have a polygon A_1. A_n such that Q(A_i,A_{i+1})=a_i for i = 1,. ,n. In Section 2, using tools developed in Section 1, we define a family of association schemes over finite field space F_q x F_q where q is a prime power. These schemes give rise to a graph V_q with vertices the points of F_q^2, and where (X,Y) is an edge of V_q if and only if Q(X,Y) is a nonzero square number in F_q. In Section 3, we will show that V_q is a strongly regular graph and propose a conjecture about the maximal clique of V_q.
Comparison of clustering technique used in automatic Document summarization

In today's world Users deals with the different data over the web, multi document summarization is the process for summarizing the data from the different files without losing their semantic content as per user query. Various techniques has been discovered to summarize the document to achieve the best output . Cluster identification is the one of the most important step for identifying the most relevant sentences from the different files which is then supplied to the ranking algorithm for ranking the top ranked sentences followed by the post processing technique. Existing clustering technique used for clustering does not shown the accurate result while sentence fetching hence new technique for cluster identification is introduced called EM (Expectation Maximization) which helps to identify the unobserved latent variables. Here we are using the manifold ranking based on relevance propagation via mutual reinforcement between sentences and cluster.
Baryonic fraction in the cold plus hot dark matter universe

We report a study to constrain the fraction of baryonic matter in the cold plus hot dark matter (CHDM) universe by numerical simulations which include the hydrodynamics of baryonic matter as well as the particle dynamics of dark matter. Spatially flat, COBE-normalized CHDM models with the fraction of hot component h � 0.2 are considered. We show that the models with h/n/h = 0.5/0.9/0.1 and 0.5/0.9/0.2 give a linear power spectrum which agrees well with observations. Here, h is the Hubble constant in unit of 100 km/s/Mpc and n is the spectral index of the initial power spectrum. Then, for the models with h/n/h = 0.5/0.9/0.2 and baryonic fraction b = 0.05 and 0.1 we calculate the properties of X-ray clusters, such as luminosity function, temperature distribution function, luminosity-temperature relation, histogram of gas to total mass ratio, and change of average temperature with redshift z. Comparison with the observed data of X-ray clusters indicates that the model with b = 0.05 is preferred. The COBE-normalized CHDM model with b > 0.1 may be ruled out by the present work, since it produces too many X-ray bright clusters.
Intelligent traffic light controller using inductive loops for vehicle detection

Through this paper we present the use of inductive loops as an instrument to measure traffic density. A microcontroller can be programmed to receive information about traffic density on different lanes, as measured by the inductive loops. Algorithms that not only ease congestion but also ensure the people in less congested lanes dont have to wait too long are discussed. Depending upon the traffic density a suitable algorithm can be executed to clear the congestion. A new design of inductive loop to suit our algorithm in case of multiple lane traffic has also been discussed here. Apart from causing delay, many times traffic congestion has resulted in loss of precious lives since help isnt able to reach the needy on time. In our proposed model we make use of radio transmitter-receiver to detect the presence of any ambulance/ fire brigade/ police vehicle and provide immediate right of way by traffic signal pre-emption. Lastly, there are many people who have a tendency of stopping way beyond the zebra crossing at a red signal. The use of infrared sensors to detect such vehicles and sound a buzzer to alert the traffic police has been presented. Overall, it is a complete model, one solution to many of traffic congestion related problems.
Glucose-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation by an Evolutionarily Conserved Glucose-Sensing Module

We report here a novel mechanism for glucose-mediated activation of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), a basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper (bHLH/ZIP) transcription factor of Mondo family that binds to carbohydrate response element in the promoter of some glucose-regulated genes and activates their expression upon glucose stimulation. Structure-function analysis of ChREBP in a highly glucose-sensitive system using GAL4-ChREBP fusion constructs revealed a glucose-sensing module (GSM) that mediates glucose responsiveness of ChREBP. GSM is conserved among Mondo family members; MondoA, a mammalian paralog of unknown function, and the GSM region of a Drosophila homolog were also found to be glucose responsive. GSM is composed of a low-glucose inhibitory domain (LID) and a glucose-response activation conserved element (GRACE). We have identified a new mechanism accounting for glucose responsiveness of ChREBP that involves specific inhibition of the transactivation activity of GRACE by LID under low glucose concentration and reversal of this inhibition by glucose in an orientation-sensitive manner. The intramolecular inhibition and its release by glucose is a regulatory mechanism that is independent of changes of subcellular localization or DNA binding activity, events that also appear to be involved in glucose responsiveness. This evolutionally conserved mechanism may play an essential role in glucose-responsive gene regulation.
Measurement of power consumption in multimedia mobiles for various network activities in 2G/3G networks

Due to the explosive growth in mobile communication, energy efficiency in mobile networks has become an important factor for future design. In this context battery power in user equipment (UE) is always a concern; requirement of high data demand with high QoS led to further increase in power consumption. A lot of computation is due to excess processing of signalling messages which UE performs during calling and/or before call. The earlier measurement studies on mobile phones does not show the power consumption during signalling activities. This paper provides a detailed measurement study of power consumption during various signalling events, whose increase in frequency leads to unwanted battery consumption and increased load in rest of the network. Network activities, namely, network access, call initiation, call termination, and mobility in a coverage hole has been considered for the measurement. It also provides a comparative energy distribution for voice and signalling traffic, and observed significant impact of later in a particular scenario with low duration of call.
Highly Compressed Ion Beams for High Energy Density Science

The Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory is developing the intense ion beams needed to drive matter to the High Energy Density regimes required for Inertial Fusion Energy and other applications. An interim goal is a facility for Warm Dense Matter studies, wherein a target is heated volumetrically without being shocked, so that well-defined states of matter at 1 to 10 eV are generated within a diagnosable region. In the approach we are pursuing, low to medium mass ions with energies just above the Bragg peak are directed onto thin target “foils,” which may in fact be foams with mean densities 1% to 10% of solid. This approach complements that being pursued at GSI Darmstadt, wherein high-energy ion beams deposit a small fraction of their energy in a cylindrical target. We present the beam requirements for Warm Dense Matter experiments. We discuss neutralized drift compression and final focus experiments and modeling. We describe suitable accelerator architectures based on Drift-Tube Linac, RF, single-gap, Ionization-Front Accelerator, and Pulse-Line Ion Accelerator concepts. The last of these is being pursued experimentally. Finally, we discuss plans toward a user facility for target experiments.