Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interrater reliability of the new criteria for behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia

Objective: To evaluate the interrater reliability of the new International Behavioural Variant FTD Criteria Consortium (FTDC) criteria for behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Methods: Twenty standardized clinical case modules were developed for patients with a range of neurodegenerative diagnoses, including bvFTD, primary progressive aphasia (nonfluent, semantic, and logopenic variant), Alzheimer disease, and Lewy body dementia. Eighteen blinded raters reviewed the modules and 1) rated the presence or absence of core diagnostic features for the FTDC criteria, and 2) provided an overall diagnostic rating. Interrater reliability was determined by κ statistics for multiple raters with categorical ratings. Results: The mean κ value for diagnostic agreement was 0.81 for possible bvFTD and 0.82 for probable bvFTD (“almost perfect agreement”). Interrater reliability for 4 of the 6 core features had “substantial” agreement (behavioral disinhibition, perseverative/compulsive, sympathy/empathy, hyperorality; κ = 0.61–0.80), whereas 2 had “moderate” agreement (apathy/inertia, neuropsychological; κ = 0.41–0.6). Clinician years of experience did not significantly influence rater accuracy. Conclusions: The FTDC criteria show promise for improving the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of clinicians and researchers. As disease-altering therapies are developed, accurate differential diagnosis between bvFTD and other neurodegenerative diseases will become increasingly important.
Direct imaging of interfacial ordering in ultrathin (SimGen)p superlattices.

We present the first atomic-resolution images of interfacial ordering occurring in ultrathin (Si{sub {ital m}}Ge{sub {ital n}}){sub {ital p}} superlattices. The observed asymmetric interfacial abruptness is associated with several distinct ordered configurations, which differ from phases considered previously. This is explained by a novel Ge-atom pump mechanism which is chemically driven, and takes place principally at the rebonded edge configuration during type-{ital S}{sub {ital B}} step propagation, leading to lateral (2{times}2) compositional ordering.
Surgery and sclerotherapy in the treatment of varicose veins. A random trial.

Varicose veins are a common problem, and yet there is divergent opinion as to whether surgery or sclerotherapy is the preferred method of treatment. After establishing a reliable injection technique, the method was compared with standard surgical procedures in a random trial. The results showed that after one year 82% of unselected patients were cured by injection, but after six years the cure rate was only 7%. The surgical result was not as good at one year, but much better than injection after six years. When the results were considered for three distinct clinical groups, the analysis showed that the best primary treatment for dilated superficial veins and for incompetent perforating veins in the lower part of the legs was injection-compression. However, surgery was much more successful and long-lasting when there was involvement of the saphenous systems with proximal incompetence.
SLIC EVM — Error vector magnitude without demodulation

We present a method for measuring a communication signal's inband error caused by a non-ideal device under test (DUT). In contrast to the established error vector magnitude (EVM), we do not demodulate the data symbols. Rather, we subtract linearly correlated (SLIC) parts from the DUT output and analyze the power spectral density of the remaining error signal. Consequently, we do not require in-depth knowledge of the modulation standard. This makes our method well suited for measurements with cutting-edge communication signals, without the need to purchase or implement a dedicated EVM analyzer. We show that our SLIC-EVM approach allows for estimating the subcarrier-dependent EVM for typical transceiver impairments like IQ mismatch, phase noise, and power amplifier (PA) nonlinearity. We present measurement results of a WLAN PA, showing less than 0.2 dB absolute deviation from the regular EVM with demodulation.
Unravelling the Chemical Structure of Young Stellar Objects with ALMA

The importance of ALMA to quantitatively trace the evolution of gas and dust from interstellar clouds to planetary systems is discussed and illustrated with recent observational studies of molecules in low- and high-mass young stellar objects. Line surveys using single-dish submillimeter telescopes reveal large chemical variations between different sources, which are likely related to their evolutionary state. A chemical scenario is presented in which molecules produced by grain-surface chemistry during the cold collapse phase are returned to the gas once the young star has formed, leading to an active high-temperature gas-phase chemistry. Both thermal evaporation and release of icy mantles in shocks plays a role. Current observational facilities lack the spatial resolution and image quality to distinguish these different physical and chemical regimes. Exploratory observations of the excitation and distribution of molecules in circumstellar disks are presented, but only ALMA can study the chemistry in the planet-forming zones of circumstellar disks.
Brain Computer Interface using Machine Learning

This paper presents the design and development of a complete hardware and software solution for a brain computer interface (BCI). It consists of a non-intrusive multiple channel data acquisition device which captures the electrical brain wave signals and passes the data to a computer. The computer then uses signal processing and machine learning algorithms to identify patterns in the signals received from the BCI. The goal of the device is to be a highly adaptable BCI, able to be used in a multitude of applications ranging from object recognition to basic control functions. Currently, the system is work in progress.
Large‐scale tracking and classification for automatic analysis of cell migration and proliferation, and experimental optimization of high‐throughput screens of neuroblastoma cells

Computational approaches for automatic analysis of image‐based high‐throughput and high‐content screens are gaining increased importance to cope with the large amounts of data generated by automated microscopy systems. Typically, automatic image analysis is used to extract phenotypic information once all images of a screen have been acquired. However, also in earlier stages of large‐scale experiments image analysis is important, in particular, to support and accelerate the tedious and time‐consuming optimization of the experimental conditions and technical settings. We here present a novel approach for automatic, large‐scale analysis and experimental optimization with application to a screen on neuroblastoma cell lines. Our approach consists of cell segmentation, tracking, feature extraction, classification, and model‐based error correction. The approach can be used for experimental optimization by extracting quantitative information which allows experimentalists to optimally choose and to verify the experimental parameters. This involves systematically studying the global cell movement and proliferation behavior. Moreover, we performed a comprehensive phenotypic analysis of a large‐scale neuroblastoma screen including the detection of rare division events such as multi‐polar divisions. Major challenges of the analyzed high‐throughput data are the relatively low spatio‐temporal resolution in conjunction with densely growing cells as well as the high variability of the data. To account for the data variability we optimized feature extraction and classification, and introduced a gray value normalization technique as well as a novel approach for automatic model‐based correction of classification errors. In total, we analyzed 4,400 real image sequences, covering observation periods of around 120 h each. We performed an extensive quantitative evaluation, which showed that our approach yields high accuracies of 92.2% for segmentation, 98.2% for tracking, and 86.5% for classification. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Complex, multimodal behavioral profile of the Homer1 knockout mouse

Proteins of the Homer1 immediate early gene family have been associated with synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity suggesting broad behavioral consequences of loss of function. This study examined the behavior of male Homer1 knockout (KO) mice compared with wild‐type (WT) and heterozygous mice using a battery of 10 behavioral tests probing sensory, motor, social, emotional and learning/memory functions. KO mice showed mild somatic growth retardation, poor motor coordination, enhanced sensory reactivity and learning deficits. Heterozygous mice showed increased aggression in social interactions with conspecifics. The distribution of mGluR5 and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDA) receptors appeared to be unaltered in the hippocampus (HIP) of Homer1 KO mice. The results indicate an extensive range of disrupted behaviors that should contribute to the understanding of the Homer1 gene in brain development and behavior.
Relation of Pock Size on Chorioallantoic Membrane to Antigenic Type of Herpesvirus Hominis∗

Summary Strains of herpesvirus hominis (HVH) which were recovered primarily from genital sites and which belonged to antigenic type 2 were found to produce large pocks (av diameter > 0.5 mm) on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated eggs. Type 1 HVH strains isolated primarily from nongenital sites produced small pocks (av diameter < 0.5 mm) on the CAM. Histological examinations of the infected CAM have revealed that type 1 HVH strains produce ectodermal proliferation with little subectodermal involvement. Type 2 HVH strains involve ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal layers with marked necrosis, hemorrhages and inflammatory cells. Multinucleated giant cells are more readily found in CAM infected with type 2 strains. The conflicting reports of other workers regarding pock size and histological findings after infection with various HVH strains may be explained by their multiple passages in eggs and other selective factors. Also included is a comparison of CAM infection with type 1 and 2 HVH and variola and vaccinia viruses. Evaluation of the pock size of freshly isolated strains of HVH which have had no prior egg passage could serve as a rapid presumptive test for ascertaining the antigenic type of HVH strains.
Evolutionary Insights into the Ecology of Coronaviruses

ABSTRACT Although many novel members of the Coronaviridae have recently been recognized in different species, the ecology of coronaviruses has not been established. Our study indicates that bats harbor a much wider diversity of coronaviruses than any other animal species. Dating of different coronavirus lineages suggests that bat coronaviruses are older than those recognized in other animals and that the human severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus was directly derived from viruses from wild animals in wet markets of southern China. Furthermore, the most closely related bat and SARS coronaviruses diverged in 1986, an estimated divergence time of 17 years prior to the outbreak, suggesting that there may have been transmission via an unknown intermediate host. Analysis of lineage-specific selection pressure also indicated that only SARS coronaviruses in civets and humans were under significant positive selection, also demonstrating a recent interspecies transmission. Analysis of population dynamics revealed that coronavirus populations in bats have constant population growth, while viruses from all other hosts show epidemic-like increases in population. These results indicate that diverse coronaviruses are endemic in different bat species, with repeated introductions to other animals and occasional establishment in other species. Our findings suggest that bats are likely the natural hosts for all presently known coronavirus lineages and that all coronaviruses recognized in other species were derived from viruses residing in bats. Further surveillance of bat and other animal populations is needed to fully describe the ecology and evolution of this virus family.
Computation of simplified models for estimator and controller design

Most existing model reduction methods produce simplified models which can be used in simulation studies, but are not, in general, suitable for estimator or controller design. Exceptions are the techniques in [1] and [2], which synthesise reduced models by minimising an expected negative log-likelihood function, and which in addition produce reduced order predictors and filters respectively. In this paper we minimise a slightly modified performance index in order to obtain a reduced order model and estimator. In addition, a reduction technique is proposed which produces a reduced order model together with a reduced order dynamic controller, which can be implemented on the full system. For both techniques, an efficient method for computing the performance index and its derivatives is given.
Epstein-Barr Virus Recombinant Lacking Expression of Glycoprotein gp150 Infects B Cells Normally but Is Enhanced for Infection of Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACT Glycoprotein gp150 is a highly glycosylated protein encoded by the BDLF3 open reading frame of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It does not have a homolog in the alpha- and betaherpesviruses, and its function is not known. To determine whether the protein is essential for replication of EBV in vitro, a recombinant virus which lacked its expression was made. The recombinant virus had no defects in assembly, egress, binding, or infectivity for B cells or epithelial cells. Infection of epithelial cells was, however, enhanced. The glycoprotein was sensitive to digestion with a glycoprotease that digests sialomucins, but no adhesion to cells that express selectins that bind to sialomucin ligands could be detected.
Immunodiagnosis of cystic echinocooccosis by antigen detection in serum, urine, and saliva samples

Background : Cystic echinococcosis (CE) being more common in rural areas, the collection of serum may not always be possible or may be hazardous in untrained hands . The alternative, noninvasive samples like saliva and urine which are non invasive and easy to collect need to be evaluated for diagnosis of CE. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate hydatid antigen detection by ELISA in urine and saliva samples by comparing them with antigen detection in serum for diagnosis of CE. Materials and Methods : Serum, saliva and urine samples were collected from 25 clinically and radiologically diagnosed CE patients, 25 clinically suspected cases of CE, 15 other parasitic disease controls and 25 healthy controls. Hydatid antigen detection was done in these samples by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using hyperimmune serum raised in rabbits immunized with hydatid antigen. Results and Conclusions : The sensitivity of ELISA for antigen detection in serum, saliva and urine was found to be 40%, 24% and 52% respectively. Urine showed significantly higher (p<0.05) sensitivity than that of saliva samples but not significantly higher (p>0.05) than that of serum samples. The specificity was highest for serum (92.5%) followed by saliva (87.5%) and urine (80%). There was no significant difference in antigen detection in patients with single vs multiple cysts. There was no significant difference in antigen detection in patients with hepatic vs extrahepatic cysts in serum or saliva samples but antigen positivity in urine was significantly higher (p<0.05) in hepatic cysts than that in extrahepatic cysts. The results showed that biological fluids like urine and saliva may be used as an alternative or as an adjunct to serum samples by virtue of their noninvasive, easy collection and similar sensitivity and specificity.
The maximum length for contraction in vertebrate striated muscle

In their well-known experiments on isolated muscle fibres, Ramsey & Street (1940) showed that the rise of tension during an isometric tetanus decreases linearly as the length is increased beyond a certain value 1l near to the resting length, reaching zero when the fibre is stretched to about twice this length. A. F. Huxley & Niedergerke (1954) pointed out that a simple explanation for this result was given by the sliding-filament theory of muscular contraction put forward by them and by H. E. Huxley (1953; H. E. Huxley & Hanson, 1954), if it is supposed that a relative force between filaments of the two sets is generated at each of a number of sites in the zone where the two sets of filaments overlap. If these sites are distributed evenly, the total tension generated should be proportional to the length of the overlap zone, which should decrease linearly as the sarcomere length is increased from about 2-0 ,u (the length of the secondary filaments), reaching zero at a sarcomere length of about 3-5 , (the sum of the lengths of the primary (about 1-5 ,) and of the secondary filaments). There were, however, several uncertainties about this explanation, as follows.
The Mehrotra Predictor-Corrector Interior-Point Method As a Perturbed Composite Newton Method

It is well known that the celebrated Kojima–Mizuno–Yoshise primal-dual interior-point method for linear programming can be viewed as a damped perturbed Newton’s method. Recently, Mehrotra suggested a predictor-corrector variant of this method. It is currently the interior-point method of choice for linear programming. The simplified Newton method, at the expense of fast convergence, reduces the work required by Newton’s method by reusing the initial Jacobian matrix. The composite Newton method attempts to balance the trade-off between expense and fast convergence by composing one Newton step with one simplified Newton step. In this work we demonstrate that if the Newton component in the Kojima–Mizuno–Yoshise primal-dual method is replaced with a composite Newton component, then the resulting method is the Mehrotra predictor-corrector method.
Défi EGC 2016 : Analyse par Motifs Fréquents et Topic Modeling

Résumé. Dans le domaine de l’analyse de textes, l’extraction de motifs est une technique très populaire pour mettre en évidence des relations fréquentes entre les mots. De même, les techniques de topic modeling ont largement fait leurs preuves lorsqu’il s’agit de classer automatiquement des ensembles de textes par-tageant des thématiques similaires. Ainsi, ce papier a pour ambition de montrer l’intérêt de l’utilisation conjointe de ces deux techniques aﬁn de mettre en évidence, sous la forme d’un graphe biparti, des mots partageant des thématiques similaires mais aussi leurs relations fréquentes, intra et inter thématiques. Les données du Déﬁ EGC 2016 permettent de valider l’intérêt de l’approche, tout en montrant l’évolution des thématiques et des mots clés parmi les papiers de la conférence EGC sur ces onze dernières années.
Prediction of the intention of purchase of the user surfing on the Web using hidden Markov model

To predict the intention of the user on the Internet is more important for the e-business. This paper is the first one applying the hidden Markov model, the stochastic tool used in information extraction, in predicting the behavior of the users on the Web. We collect the log of Web servers, clean the data and patch the paths that the users pass by. Based on the HMM, we construct a specific model for the Web browsing that can predict whether the users have the intention to purchase in real time. The related measures, such as speeding up the operation, kindly guide and other comfortable operations, can take effects when a user is in a purchasing mode. The simulation shows that our model can predict the purchase intention of uses with a high accuracy.
Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis Embedded with Feature Selection

As one of the state-of-the-art classification methods, kernel Fisher discriminant analysis has both theoretical advantages and successful applications. The paper proposes a new kernel Fisher discriminant analysis embedded with feature selection, which can solve both classification and feature selection in only one step. Six real-world data sets have been used to test the performance of the new embedded methods. The experimental results clearly show that the new methods can greatly reduce the dimensions of the inputs, without harm to the classification results.
Maturation of the Middle and External Ears: Acoustic Power‐Based Responses and Reflectance Tympanometry

Objective: The maturation of the external and middle ear in the human infant has significant effects on the interpretation of measured ear‐canal responses to acoustic stimuli. A tutorial section is presented of power‐based response functions, accompanied by a hierarchy of stimulus specifications contrasting pressure‐based and power‐based responses. An experimental section follows on reflectance tympanometry, the aims of which are to introduce and assess the feasibility of the technique and to discuss implications for tests of hearing development. Design: A tympanometric measurement of admittance is used with an estimate of ear‐canal area to calculate a so‐called reflectance tympanogram as a function of frequency and static pressure in the ear canal. Selected results on 226 Hz reflectance tympanograms are reported for normal‐hearing adults and for infants of age 3 to 6 mo with both normal and flat 226 Hz admittance tympanograms. A multifrequency reflectance tympanogram is reported for an adult. Results: Measured at ambient ear‐canal pressure, the acoustic external‐ and middle‐ear responses of infants of age 1 to 6 mo are compared with those of adults. The admittance level is influenced by the ear‐canal area, the interplay of compliant‐ and inertance‐controlled effects in the middle ear, and the presence of losses. Ear‐canal area is a major factor in distinguishing infant from adult responses. Energy reflectance provides a measure of middle‐ear power transmission that is approximately independent of probe placement in the ear canal and that varies with maturation. These power‐based responses, measured at ambient pressure, are contrasted with tympanometric measurements. Reflectance tympanometry is defined and easily measured in infants and adults. Some infants with flat 226 Hz tympanograms have energy reflectance in the normal range at higher frequencies (2 to 4 kHz). Conclusion: Acoustic measurements of power‐based responses in the ear canal‐reflectance, admittance, and impedance‐provide insight into the maturation of the external and middle ear. Reflectance tympanometry tests the relative accuracy underlying the tympanometric measurement of compensated eardrum admittance and may have clinical utility.
An Edge-View-Photodetector for Simplification of Optical Packaging

A new 850 nm edge-view-photodetector (EVPD) was designed, fabricated and measured. The EVPD is designed to simplify optical packagings in an optical interconnects system by eliminating the using of turning mirrors and microlenses. The PIN active area of the photodetector is fabricated on a sloping sidewall of mesa structures. The resulting photodetector becomes edge viewing while the electrical pads remain horizontal. The EVPD fabrication process and initial measurement results are presented in this letter. The main processing steps include deep anisotropic chemical etching, material growth on slope and lithography on 3-D micro structure.
T-cell proliferative response to antigens secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

An infection model of human tuberculosis was established with C57BL/6J mice. The lymphocyte proliferative responses to antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis were investigated during the course of infection and compared with results obtained with a group of mice immunized with large amounts of killed bacteria. The two groups responded similarly to a number of mycobacterial antigens, but marked differences in responses against secreted antigens were found; only infected mice responded vigorously to these. The responding lymphocyte subpopulation was made up of L3T4+ T lymphocytes under restriction of the Ia molecule.