Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short Channel Effects suppression in a dual-gate Gate-All-Around Si nanowire junctionless nMOSFET

Advances in short channel transistor technology has allowed the emergence of these devices in modern chips. These transistors experience many different types of Short Channel Effects (SCE) that are addressed in this work. Using TCAD simulations, we report a new and effective technique to reduce SCE in a novel dual-gate silicon nanowire Gate-All-Around (GAA) junctionless transistor. A channel length of 10 nm and a diameter of 5 nm is employed to mitigate SCE in terms of Subthreshold Slope (SS), Leakage current (Ioff) and Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL). A 1 nm thick HfO2 gate is used as a dielectric material. Analysis from deep depletion to strong accumulation mode with 2e19 cm−3 n-type channel doping (Vds = 0.8V and T = 300 K) is reported. The dual-gate GAA junctionless nanowire transistor shows improved electrical characteristics such as high Ion/Ioff (>106), good subthreshold slope (∼68 mV/decade) and low drain induced barrier lowering (∼8mV/V) compared to conventional inversion mode transistors and single nanowire GAA devices that makes the device a candidate for energy efficiency improvements.
Metabolic syndrome: nature, therapeutic solutions and options

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) defines the clustering in an individual of multiple metabolic abnormalities, based on central obesity and insulin resistance. In addition to its five components, prothrombotic and proinflammatory states are essential features. The significance of MetS lies in its close association with the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This field being an evolving one necessitated the current review. Areas covered: The areas covered in this review include the so far unproven concept that enhanced low-grade inflammation often leads to dysfunction of the anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective properties of apolipoprotein A – I (apoA-I) and HDL particles, which further increases the risk of diabetes and CVD. It was emphasized that lifestyle modification is essential in the prevention and management of MetS, which includes maintenance of optimal weight by caloric restriction, adherence to a diet that minimizes postprandial glucose and triglyceride fluctuations, restricting alcohol consumption, smoking cessation and engaging in regular exercise. Drug therapy should target the dyslipoproteinemia and the often associated hypertension or dysglycemia. Statins are the drugs of first choice, to be initiated in patients with MetS at high 10-year cardiovascular risk. Such treatment is inadequate if fasting serum triglycerides remain at > 150 mg/dl, when niacin should be combined. Fibrates, omega 3 fatty acids, metformin, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and pioglitazone are additional options in drug therapy. Expert opinion: Research on MetS in subpopulations prone to impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance has indicated that proinflammatory state and oxidative stress are often prominently involved in MetS, to the extent that evidence of impaired function of HDL and apo A-I particles is discernible by biological evidence of functional defectiveness via outcomes studies and/or correlations with inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers. A sex difference has been clear in this development.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell voltage-tracking using artificial neural networks

Transients in load and consequently in stack current have a significant impact on the performance and durability of fuel cells. The delays in auxiliary equipments in fuel cell systems (such as pumps and heaters) and back pressures degrade system performance and lead to problems in controlling tuning parameters including temperature, pressure, and flow rate. To overcome this problem, fast and delay-free systems are necessary for predicting control signals. In this paper, we propose a neural network model to control the stack terminal voltage as a proper constant and improve system performance. This is done through an input air pressure control signal. The proposed artificial neural network was constructed based on a back propagation network. A fuel cell nonlinear model, with and without feed forward control, was investigated and compared under random current variations. Simulation results showed that applying neural network feed forward control can successfully improve system performance in tracking output voltage. Also, less energy consumption and simpler control systems are the other advantages of the proposed control algorithm.
Impact of learning set quality and size on decision tree performances

The quality of a decision tree is usually evaluated through its complexity and its generalization accuracy. Tree-simpliÞcation procedures aim at optimizing these two performance criteria. Among them, data reduction techniques differ from pruning by their simpliÞcation strategy. Actually, while pruning algorithms directly control tree size to combat the overÞtting problem, data reduction techniques perform a data preprocessing prior to decision tree construction to improve the learning set quality. Recent experimental results have shown that randomly manipulating training set size has a direct impact on tree size, and therefore recommend the use of the latter simpliÞcation strategy. In this paper, we provide theoretical arguments justifying data preprocessing in favor of tree simpliÞcation. We also investigate new data reduction techniques, usually used in the Þeld of prototype selection. From experiments with 22 datasets, we show that some of them are very efficient to improve standard post-pruning performances.
Review: Design And Implementation Of Reed Solomon Encoder And Decoder

This paper presents a literature survey related to Reed Solomon encoder and decoder. In this project fast encoding and decoding algorithm using Reed Solomon codes is developed for the processing of self correcting logic in erroneous condition which is widely used in numerous applications. The main goal of this work is to make the data or information error free that is to be transmitted and also help the reader to understand the theory of RS codes and its encoding and decoding in order to make the errors detectable and correctable.
The Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Constituents with Primary Sludge as Fermentation Substrate under Different pHs

This paper investigated the influence of pH on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production and constituents with anaerobic fermentation of primary sludge from a Chinese wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Controlled and uncontrolled pH experiments were conducted in ten completely mixed bench-scale reactors. Results showed that pH significantly influenced on the SCFAs yields and constituents from primary sludge as a potential fermentation substrate. At about 25 ¿, the alkaline pH owned more benefit of generating SCFAs than that at other pHs or in the blank test. At pH 10 SCFAs significantly increased in the 4–6 d of fermentation, from the initial of 12.2 to 319.9 (mg COD/g VSS). At pH 11, however, only 316.6 (mg COD/g VSS) of SCFAs were produced even at the fermentation of 10 d. At any pH value investigated, acetic, propionic and n-butyric acid were the three main products on the 4th day, they complied with the order of acidic pH ≫ alkaline pH ≫neutral pH except at pH 5. The percentage of acetic, propionic, n-butyric acid and the rest three acids was, respectively, 45, 21, 15, 18 % at pH 10.
Behavioral Assessment of Social Interactions in Natural Settings

The present paper deals with behavioral assessment of social interaction in natural settings. The design of observational systems that allow the identification of the direction, contents, quality and social agents involved in a social interchange is an aim of social interaction assessment and research. In the first part a description of a system of behavioral observation of social interaction is presented. This system permits the identification of the above mentioned aspects. Secondly a strategy for the behavioral assessment of social skills is described. This strategy is based on the consequences and effects of social interaction, and it is supported by three basic processes: social effectiveness, social responsiveness and reciprocity.
[Holographic interferometry].

In undergoing this life, many people always try to do and get the best. New knowledge, experience, lesson, and everything that can improve the life will be done. However, many people sometimes feel confused to get those things. Feeling the limited of experience and sources to be better is one of the lacks to own. However, there is a very simple thing that can be done. This is what your teacher always manoeuvres you to do this one. Yeah, reading is the answer. Reading a book as this holographic interferometry and other references can enrich your life quality. How can it be?
The Contribution of Resident Vascular Stem Cells to Arterial Pathology

Intimal accumulation of smooth muscle cells contributes to the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions and restenosis following endovascular procedures. Arterial smooth muscle cells display heterogeneous phenotypes in both physiological and pathological conditions. In response to injury, dedifferentiated or synthetic smooth muscle cells proliferate and migrate from the tunica media into the intima. As a consequence, smooth muscle cells in vascular lesions show a prevalent dedifferentiated phenotype compared to the contractile appearance of normal media smooth muscle cells. The discovery of abundant stem antigen-expressing cells in vascular lesions also rarely detected in the tunica media of normal adult vessels stimulated a great scientific debate concerning the possibility that proliferating vascular wall-resident stem cells accumulate into the neointima and contribute to the progression of lesions. Although several experimental studies support this hypothesis, others researchers suggest a positive effect of stem cells on plaque stabilization. So, the real contribute of vascular wall-resident stem cells to pathological vascular remodelling needs further investigation. This review will examine the evidence and the contribution of vascular wall-resident stem cells to arterial pathobiology, in order to address future investigations as potential therapeutic target to prevent the progression of vascular diseases.
Trust and cooperation: the democratic public sphere

The current deficit of trust in the working of democracy has been attracting the increasing attention of social scientists. Nevertheless, there is still a conspicuous lack of an integrative theory of trust. Existing literature is united in its recognition that the preferable democratic order should be rooted in trust relations. This assertion that democracy and trust are connected is based on the assumption that either civil society or institutional frameworks are prerequisite for achieving a healthy and stable democracy. This article argues that the communitarian and republican solutions to the deficit of trust should supplement each other. Only joint implementation of these two strategies for recovering trust can activate formal and informal mechanisms of trust production. A society that achieves an appropriate balance between the informality and formality of interactional practices is the one able to create conditions for cooperation and engagement in the public sphere.
Management Practices in Solution Sales—A Multilevel and Cross-Functional Framework

Business-to-business sales has changed from being an isolated function with little cross-functional influence to becoming an integrated part of long-term customer management and from an operational practice to a strategically focused part of business strategy. This suggests a need to change the unit of analysis from the activities and attributes of the salesperson toward strategic and managerial practices. This research, involving nine multinationally operating firms, identifies management practices pertinent to solution sales, develops a multilevel and cross-functional framework for the management of solution sales, and shows that managerial and strategic practices have statistically significant hierarchical relationships with overall sales performance.
Control performance index minimal tuning of set-point weighted PID-controllers for LTI plants based on convex optimisation

This paper addresses the problem of control performance index (CPI) minimal tuning of proportional integral differential (PID) feed-back-controllers with set-point weighting. Common CPIs, such as the integrated absolute error (IAE), are considered as objective functions to be minimised by parameter tuning. Many CPIs are convex functions, if their domain is convex and thus their only minimum is the global minimum. In order to exploit this for optimal tuning, we formulate parameter tuning as an optimisation problem with controller parameters as variables. Convexity of the IAE as CPI is shown exemplarily, since it can be used for PIDparameter and set-point weight tuning. Furthermore, we show the necessary convexity of the CPI's domain for the fixed structure set-point weight and PID-parameter tuning. For setpoint weight tuning, convexity of the domain is shown straight forward from the standard definition of a convex set. For PID parameter tuning, a convex representation of the domain is found that can be used equivalently to the original domain. To this end, we utilise the fact that CPIs merely quantify input-output behaviour which allows to relax structural constraints. Furthermore, it is shown how readily available iterative algorithms can be used to automate tuning and find the global optimal controller parameters. In a simulation example, the proposed techniques are applied to tune a set-point weighted PI-controller for a first order lag plus delay plant.
A Five-Layered Business Intelligence Architecture

Many organizations today have adopted business intelligence (BI) as a catalyst to meet specific business needs and to improve organizational effectiveness. Although BI has become more robust and pervasive, some organizations are still unable to maximize the return on their BI investments. One contributing reason is the lack of a good guiding BI architecture to support the implementation of such a system. Having a solid architecture can help organizations to better control the implementation process as well as the operation of the entire BI environment. A review of the existing literature shows that although the importance of a good BI architecture is non-arguable, research in this area is still lacking. To fill the gap, this paper proposes a framework of BI architecture which consists of five layers: data source, ETL, data warehouse, end user
On the Multi-modality, Materially and Contingency of Organization Discourse

This essay considers the ways that organizational discourse studies have deployed the concept `discourse'. A review of the literature reveals conceptual ambiguities in the definition of `discourse', as well as pre-analytical distinctions that are imposed between discourse, action and text, and between discourse, beliefs and material practices. The paper suggests that such a priori analytical categories risk tying the researcher to an inflexible research agenda, ruling out engaging with organizational specifics and emergent aspects of practice. The essay argues for an alternative view of discourse that centres on the following three arguments: discourse is not limited to language but also includes image, design, technology and other modes of meaning making; discourse and materiality co-emerge; and discourse manifests a specific, historically situated form of life.
Electrogenesis of Increased Norepinephrine Sensitivity of Arterial Vascular Muscle in Hypertension

The possibility that the vascular muscle cell might contribute to the development of essential hypertension by being more responsive to norepinephrine because of an inherently lower membrane potential (Em) was investigated. Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that Em of arterial vascular muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are less negative than those from matched Kyoto normotensive rats (KINK). The caudal artery, a muscular, densely innervated regulating artery 300–400 &mgr;m in outside diameter, which is activated by graded (nonspiking) depolarization to produce a maintained contraction, was studied. Vascular muscle cells from SHR always had less negative Em than those from KNR at 16°C, but not at 36°C, over a range of K+ concentrations from 2.7 m.M to 150 mM. From the relationship between Em and K+ concentration, intraccllular K+ concentration (|K+l1) was estimated to be 150 mM for SHR and 170 mM for KNR. The caudal artery undergoes a large depolarization when K* is removed from the superfusing solution and a transient hyperpolarization that exceeds the calculated EK (potassium equilibrium potential) when K+ is replaced. The magnitude of the hyperpolarization on returning to 30 mM or 50 mM K+ always was greater for vascular muscle of SHR than KNR. The apparently lower [K1], and more active (compensating) electrogenic ion transport in the SHR vascular muscle cells thus result in an unaltered Em at body temperature in the physiological range of K + concentrations. However, depolarization by norepinephrine was greater over the middle of the dose-response curve, and this greater depolarization caused the contractions of SHR arteries to be greater. The altered electrogenesis of the SHR vascular muscle cells is postulated to provide a mechanism for the increased reactivity of arteries to norepinephrine in hypertension.
Role of the scaling factor in spectral clustering algorithm

Spectral clustering consists in creating, from the spectral elements of a Gaussian affinity matrix, a low-dimensional space in which data are grouped into clusters. The performance of the spectral clustering is mainly depended upon the construction of the similarity function. The most commonly used similarity function is Gaussian similarity function. However, questions about the separability of clusters in the projection space and the choice of the Gaussian parameter (σ) remain open. When σ is small, the data needs to be closer to zero in order to have a higher similarity value. On the other hand, a very large σ results in all of the similarity values being at or very near one. In this paper, we observed the performance of the spectral clustering for different values of the Gaussian parameter on the real world data sets like Iris, contact-lenses and diabetes etc.
Microbiome evolution along divergent branches of the vertebrate tree of life: what is known and unknown

Vertebrates harbour microbes both internally and externally, and collectively, these microorganisms (the ‘microbiome’) contain genes that outnumber the host's genetic information 10‐fold. The majority of the microorganisms associated with vertebrates are found within the gut, where they influence host physiology, immunity and development. The development of next‐generation sequencing has led to a surge in effort to characterize the microbiomes of various vertebrate hosts, a necessary first step to determine the functional role these communities play in host evolution or ecology. This shift away from a culture‐based microbiological approach, limited in taxonomic breadth, has resulted in the emergence of patterns suggesting a core vertebrate microbiome dominated by members of the bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Still, there is a substantial variation in the methodology used to characterize the microbiome, from differences in sample type to issues of sampling captive or wild hosts, and the majority (>90%) of studies have characterized the microbiome of mammals, which represent just 8% of described vertebrate species. Here, we review the state of microbiome studies of nonmammalian vertebrates and provide a synthesis of emerging patterns in the microbiome of those organisms. We highlight the importance of collection methods, and the need for greater taxonomic sampling of natural rather than captive hosts, a shift in approach that is needed to draw ecologically and evolutionarily relevant inferences. Finally, we recommend future directions for vertebrate microbiome research, so that attempts can be made to determine the role that microbial communities play in vertebrate biology and evolution.
Counterfactual Data-Fusion for Online Reinforcement Learners

The Multi-Armed Bandit problem with Un-observed Confounders (MABUC) considers decision-making settings where unmeasured variables can inﬂuence both the agent’s decisions and received rewards (Bareinboim et al., 2015). Recent ﬁndings showed that unobserved confounders (UCs) pose a unique challenge to algorithms based on standard randomization (i.e., experimental data); if UCs are naively averaged out, these algorithms behave sub-optimally, possibly incurring inﬁnite regret. In this paper, we show how counterfactual-based decision-making circumvents these problems and leads to a coherent fusion of observational and experimental data. We then demonstrate this new strategy in an enhanced Thompson Sampling bandit player, and support our ﬁndings’ efﬁcacy with extensive simulations.
Conditional Fast Style Transfer Network

In this paper, we propose a conditional fast neural style transfer network. We extend the network proposed as a fast neural style transfer network by Johnson et al. [1] so that the network can learn multiple styles at the same time. To do that, we add a conditional input which selects a style to be transferred out of the trained styles. In addition, we show that the proposed network can mix multiple styles, although the network is trained with each of the training styles independently. The proposed network can also transfer different styles to the different parts of a given image at the same time, which we call "spatial style transfer". In the experiments, we confirmed that no quality degradation occurred in the multi-style network compared to the single network, and linear-weighted multi-style fusion enabled us to generate various kinds of new styles which are different from the trained single styles.
Risk Factors for Fetal Death in White, Black, and Hispanic Women

Objective: To document the relation between stillbirth and various demographic, obstetric, and medical risk factors. Methods: We analyzed the risk factors and medical origins of 403 stillbirths. The population studied included 34,350 births occurring during the March of Dimes Preterm Birth Prevention Trial. All births occurring in five perinatal centers from 1982–1986 were included in the analysis. Stillbirth was defined as those infants born at 20 weeks' gestation or later whose Apgar score was 0 at 1 and 5 minutes. Results: Stillbirth occurred in 1.2% of all births. Fifty-one percent occurred before 28 weeks and only 18% were at term. Blacks had a greater risk of stillbirth when compared to other women. Prior preterm delivery yielded nearly a twofold increase in the risk of stillbirth. Preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, and class A or class B-R diabetes were not associated with an increased risk of stillbirth. Other medical factors (hemoglobinopathies, Rh sensitization) resulted in a greater than sixfold increase in the rate of stillbirth, and congenital anomalies resulted in a fivefold increase. Abruption was associated with a 12-fold increase in the risk of stillbirth; nearly 14% of all stillbirths were associated with abruption. Conclusion: Eighty-two percent of all stillbirths occurred before term, and more than 50% occurred before 28 weeks. The majority of stillbirths were not explained by medical complications, but instead were often associated with other risk factors related to preterm birth. Further investigations are needed to understand the complex etiology of stillbirth.