Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The neural and non‐neural mechanisms involved in urethral activity in rabbits.

The effects of electrical and chemical stimulation on the mechanical or electrical properties of the circular smooth muscle cells of the bladder neck, and proximal urethra of the male rabbit were investigated by means of micro‐electrode, double‐sucrose‐gap and tension‐recording methods. In the bladder neck, application of short current pulses (50 microseconds) produced an initial excitatory junction potential (e.j.p.) with a superimposed spike, followed by a late depolarization, and these electrical events evoked contraction. The initial e.j.p. was unaffected by guanethidine, phentolamine, methysergide or mepyramine, indicating the initial e.j.p. is not mediated by activation of adrenergic, tryptaminergic or histaminergic receptors. The late depolarization was enhanced by pre‐treatment with neostigmine (10(‐7) M) and abolished by atropine (10(‐6) M). In the proximal urethra, electrical‐field stimulation evoked phasic contraction which was followed by relaxation, associated with initial e.j.p.s, late depolarization and inhibitory junction potentials (i.j.p.s). Guanethidine (10(‐5) M) or phentolamine (10(‐6) M) reduced the size of the initial e.j.p. to 40‐50% of the control value and combined application of guanethidine and atropine further reduced the amplitude of the e.j.p. to 20‐30%. There was a parallel reduction in the mechanical response. The late depolarization was enhanced by neostigmine and abolished by atropine. The i.j.p. and muscle relaxation were not affected by propranolol, phentolamine, guanethidine or atropine. These results indicate that the proximal urethral smooth muscle cells are innervated by adrenergic and cholinergic excitatory, and by non‐cholinergic non‐adrenergic inhibitory nerve fibres. In the prostatic urethra, field stimulations also evoked twitch contractions with or without following phasic contraction and relaxation. The twitch contractions were abolished by d‐tubocurarine (10(‐6) M), suggesting that they arise from striated muscle. Exogenously applied prostaglandin (PG) E1, PGE2 or PGF2 alpha (greater than 10(‐10) M) evoked sustained increase in the muscle tone in the presence or absence of indomethacin, and enhanced the amplitude of muscle relaxation evoked by the field stimulation without affecting the resting membrane potential. Indomethacin (10(‐6)‐10(‐5) M) gradually reduced the muscle tone of the proximal urethra with no change in the resting membrane potential. At the reduced muscle tone, electrical‐field stimulation did not evoke muscle relaxation. Thus, the amplitude of muscle relaxation evoked by field stimulation was dependent on the level of muscle tone of the circular muscle strips. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Residential energy scheduling for variable weather solar energy based on adaptive dynamic programming

The residential energy scheduling of solar energy is an important research area of smart grid. On the demand side, factors such as household loads, storage batteries, the outside public utility grid and renewable energy resources, are combined together as a nonlinear, time-varying, indefinite and complex system, which is difficult to manage or optimize. Many nations have already applied the residential real-time pricing to balance the burden on their grid. In order to enhance electricity efficiency of the residential micro grid, this paper presents an action dependent heuristic dynamic programming U+0028 ADHDP U+0029 method to solve the residential energy scheduling problem. The highlights of this paper are listed below. First, the weather-type classification is adopted to establish three types of programming models based on the features of the solar energy. In addition, the priorities of different energy resources are set to reduce the loss of electrical energy transmissions. Second, three ADHDP-based neural networks, which can update themselves during applications, are designed to manage the flows of electricity. Third, simulation results show that the proposed scheduling method has effectively reduced the total electricity cost and improved load balancing process. The comparison with the particle swarm optimization algorithm further proves that the present method has a promising effect on energy management to save cost.
Human P450s in the metabolism of drugs: molecular modelling of enzyme–substrate interactions

The importance of cytochrome P450 enzymes to the Phase I metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics is reviewed in the light of current knowledge. The relatively new technologies of molecular biology, protein crystallography and molecular modelling have been applied to these enzymes and this endeavour is proving extremely useful for novel compound development.
A Fully Integrated Oven Controlled Microelectromechanical Oscillator—Part II: Characterization and Measurement

This paper, the second of two parts, reports the measurement and characterization of a fully integrated oven controlled microelectromechanical oscillator (OCMO). The OCMO takes advantage of high thermal isolation and monolithic integration of both aluminum nitride (AlN) micromechanical resonators and electronic circuitry to thermally stabilize or ovenize all the components that comprise an oscillator. Operation at microscale sizes allows implementation of high thermal resistance platform supports that enable thermal stabilization at very low-power levels when compared with the state-of-the-art oven controlled crystal oscillators. A prototype OCMO has been demonstrated with a measured temperature stability of -1.2 ppb/°C, over the commercial temperature range while using tens of milliwatts of supply power and with a volume of 2.3 mm3 (not including the printed circuit board-based thermal control loop). In addition, due to its small thermal time constant, the thermal compensation loop can maintain stability during fast thermal transients (>10 °C/min). This new technology has resulted in a new paradigm in terms of power, size, and warm up time for high thermal stability oscillators.
Importance of Service Quality across Different Services Types: An Exploratory Study of Australian and Chinese Consumers

Service quality has attracted major attention from practitioners and academic researchers over recent decades, due to its significant role in business performance and the maintenance of customer loyalty. Nevertheless, very few studies have linked consumers’ cultural orientations to service quality dimensions, especially in a non-Western context. This paper attempts to fill this gap in the literature by conducting an exploratory study to examine whether Australian and Chinese consumers have different perceptions about service quality dimensions. Our five propositions argue that cultural orientations may lead consumers to place different levels of importance on different service quality dimensions, across different service types. This study advances theoretical development in international services marketing, enriching crosscultural research, and providing important implications for business practitioners.
Hemocue Validation for the Diagnosis of Anaemia in Children: A Semi- Systematic Review

Background: Numerous methods are endorsed for Haemoglobin (Hb) estimation and anaemia assessment. The Hemocue is being introduced for routine use in clinics and hospitals in many developing nations. There are a number of illustrative cases that establish a clinical connection readily, but these have mainly been with adults. This study seeks tore view literature on the diagnostic accuracy of the Hemocue among children. Methodology: This is a semi-systematic review of studies analysing the Hemocue device’s diagnostic accuracy determining haemoglobin levels among children aged zero to fifteen years. Results: 18 studies were included. The main finding of this investigation is that the Hemocue system is a good screening test, being sensitive and reliably projecting necessity of a full blood count. It is not likely that diagnosis of a clinically significant condition can be overlooked by this investigation. Thus it would seem to be a useful method to use for Hb screening in appropriate situations. The studies reviewed generally reported a difference between the means obtained by Hemocue Laboratory analyser, though these did not reach statistical significance. A trend for underestimation of Hb values was reported with most studies. The Hemocue had a sensitivity range of 75-91%, specificity range of 88-100% and positive predictive values ranging from 75-80% for the detection of anaemia. The mean difference in Hb from paired samples ranged from 0.2- 0.35 g/dl (0.7%). Conclusion: The Hemocue is comparable to usual laboratory methods for determination of Hb level in children. It is well appropriate for use in care of healthy paediatric patients and children with hematologic disorders. A full blood count is recommended when anaemia is identified or in suspected non-anaemic iron deficiency.
Biofouling community composition across a range of environmental conditions and geographical locations suitable for floating marine renewable energy generation

Abstract Knowledge of biofouling typical of marine structures is essential for engineers to define appropriate loading criteria in addition to informing other stakeholders about the ecological implications of creating novel artificial environments. There is a lack of information regarding biofouling community composition (including weight and density characteristics) on floating structures associated with future marine renewable energy generation technologies. A network of navigation buoys were identified across a range of geographical areas, environmental conditions (tidal flow speed, temperature and salinity), and deployment durations suitable for future developments. Despite the perceived importance of environmental and temporal factors, geographical location explained the greatest proportion of the observed variation in community composition, emphasising the importance of considering geography when assessing the impact of biofouling on device functioning and associated ecology. The principal taxa associated with variation in biofouling community composition were mussels (Mytilus edulis), which were also important when determining loading criteria.
Fourier transform with the adaptive kernel function to analyze frequency modulation signal

The non-linear frequency modulation signal is common and significant in signal processing. In order to improve the resolution and energy of its time-frequency representation (TFR), this paper proposed a new time-frequency analysis method known as the Fourier Transform with the adaptive kernel (AK-FT). According to Weierstrass approximation theorem, nonlinearly time-varying frequency can be expressed in weighted exponential function in a continuous time. The nonstationary signal is able to be transferred into the stationary one. The TFR with excellent concentration is produced through the Fourier Transform, and the accuracy of the instantaneous frequency of the non-linear frequency modulation signal is also improved. Compared with the traditional time-frequency analysis, this method can estimate the time-frequency parameters of non-linear frequency modulation signal analysis reliably and precisely.
Anodyspareunia in Men Who Have Sex with Men

Abstract In a sample of men who have sex with men (N = 404), 55 (14%) experienced anodyspareunia, frequent and severe pain during receptive anal sex. Most men with anodyspareunia described their pain as life-long, experienced psychological distress as a result, and avoided anal sex for periods of time. Men with anodyspareunia reported that psychological factors were the primary contributing cause of their pain. The findings contradict the myth that pain is a necessary consequence of receptive anal sex and show that anodyspareunia is similar to dyspareunia in women in terms of prevalence, mental health consequences, and contributing factors. Clinical criteria were developed to assist clinicians in diagnosing anodyspareunia.
POLARIZING TRANSMISSIONS VIA BROADCAST SWITCHING ON FREQUENCY SELECTIVE FADING CHANNELS

We address the scheme design issues by switching to polarizing frequency selective fading (FSF) channels while transmitting information symbols in a source-relay-destination wireless system. A simple polar-and-forward (PF) relay scheme, with source polar coding and relay polar coding, is proposed to provide an alternative solution for transmitting with high reliability. We analyze the bit error rate (BER) performance behaviors with the switching polar system equipped with four OFDM blocks, which is an idea approach to select OFDM symbols that tend to polarize in terms of the reliability under certain OFDM combining and splitting for the FSF channels.
An evaluation of the market-timing and security-selection performance of mutual funds: The case of Malaysia

In this article, we examine market-timing and security-selection performance of a sample of Malaysian mutual funds. We used Jensen’s (1968; 1969) model to test for the overall fund performance and employed the model developed by Merton (1981) and Henriksson and Merton (1981) to highlight the separate contributions of market-timing and security-selection performance to the overall fund’s return. Consistent with most previous research, we find evidence that the funds provide investors with overall negative return performance. Since such performance evaluation ignored the existence of timing activities among fund managers, it attributed the overall negative performance exclusively to the manager’s security-selection efforts. When we model timing and selectivity simultaneously using the Henriksson and Merton’s (1981) model, we find evidence of negative market-timing performance by fund managers. Perhaps more importantly, our results suggest that after accounting for the manager’s market-timing ability, the manager’s security-selection ability no longer contributes significantly to the overall fund performance. That is, the overall negative return performance of the fund is driven by the poor timing ability of the fund manager. The evidence presented highlights the importance of considering both the market-timing and the security-selection abilities of the fund manager when evaluating the performance of mutual funds to avoid erroneous conclusions regarding the fund performance.
Experimental Realization of Dynamic stair Climbing and Descending of Biped Humanoid Robot, Hubo

In this paper, dynamic stair climbing and descending are experimentally realized for a biped humanoid robot, HUBO. Currently, in addition to biped walking on the ground, other types of biped walking such as running, jogging, and stair walking (climbing and descending) have been also studied since the end of 1990. In spite of many years of research works on stair walking, it is still a challengeable topic that requires high performance of control technique. For dynamic stair walking, we designed stair climbing and descending patterns according to a known stair configuration. Next, we defined stair climbing and descending stages for a switching control strategy. In each stage, we designed and adopted several online controllers to maintain the balance. For the simplicity and easy application, the online controllers only use the force and torque signals of the force/torque sensors of the feet. Finally, the effectiveness and performance of the proposed strategy are verified through stair climbing and descending experiments of HUBO.
Single Mode High Refractive Index Optical Fibres

The present paper is focussed on the search of technology of new kindsof optical ﬂbers characterised by good magnetooptical properties. The elab-orated optical ﬂbres are to apply in optical sensors of electric current and themagnetic ﬂeld. In result of these researches and analyses a new optical ﬂbrewas put forward. Such optical ﬂbers were designed, produced and subjectedto extensive tests. This paper presents the results of investigations that werecarried out as well as the parameters of the tested structures.PACS numbers: 42.81. Pa, 42.81. {i, 42.81. Qb
Grey Fuzzy Neural Network-Based Hybrid Model for Missing Data Imputation in Mixed Database

Nowadays, the missing data imputation is the novel paradigm to replace with the imputed value of the missing attribute. The missing data occurs due to bias information, non-response of the system. In the medical domain, it becomes the major challenge to impute the both categorical and numerical data. In this paper, the Grey Fuzzy Neural Network is proposed for missing data imputation in the mixed database. Initially, the WLI fuzzy clustering mechanism is utilized to generate the different clusters in which the medical data are grouped together. Then, we intend to integrate the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) with the ANFIS network model, termed the Grey Fuzzy Neural Network (GFNN). The proposed method is mainly used to determine the optimal parameters to design the membership function. Finally, the hybrid prediction model is used to find out the imputed data for both categorical and numerical. In the hybrid prediction model, the categorical data is then imputed by the distance measure. The experimental results are validated, and performance is analysed by metrics such as MSE and RMSE using MATLAB implementation. The outcome of the proposed GFNN attains lower 0.13 MSE, and 0.35 RMSE ensures to impute the data significantly in the missing attribute of the mixed database.
Mediators of tubuloglomerular feedback regulation of glomerular filtration: ATP and adenosine

In the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney the loop of Henle gets into close contact to its parent glomerulus. This anatomical link between the tubular system and the vasculature of the afferent and efferent arteriole enables specialized tubular cells, the macula densa (MD) cells, to establish an intra‐nephron feedback loop designed to control preglomerular resistance and thereby single nephron glomerular filtration rate. This review focuses on the signalling mechanisms which link salt‐sensing MD cells and the regulation of preglomerular resistance, a feedback loop known as tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). Two purinergic molecules, ATP and adenosine, have emerged over the years as most likely candidates to serve as mediators of TGF. Data will be reviewed supporting a role of either ATP or adenosine as mediators of TGF. In addition, a concept will be discussed that integrates both ATP and adenosine into one signalling cascade that includes (i) release of ATP from MD cells upon increases in tubular salt concentration, (ii) extracellular degradation of ATP to form adenosine, and (iii) adenosine‐mediated vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole.
Is Corporate Sustainability valued by Australian Investors

This paper analyzes a sample of Australian company stocks that are added to or deleted from the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index in terms of stock return, risks and liquidity. We find evidence that index addition (index deletion) stocks experience significant temporary increase (decrease) in stock return. Liquidity of index addition stocks improves but that of index deletion stocks worsens. Systematic risk shows little change. Index addition stocks experience no change in idiosyncratic risk while index deletion stocks display drastic changes. The overall results suggest that Australian investors value sustainability in a way that is not explained by existing theories relating to index additions and deletions.
THE INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISM TO EARNINGS MANAGEMENT ON INDONESIA AND CHINA INDUSTRIAL BANKING

Dini Tri Wardani. 92110020. THE INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISM TO EARNINGS MANAGEMENT ON INDONESIA AND CHINA INDUSTRIAL BANKING. Tesis. Major of Accounting Information System, Faculty of Management Information System. Gunadarma University, 2012. (xiii+76+Appendix). The goal of this research is to evaluate the influence of manaerial ownership structure, independent board of commissioners proportion, independent commissioner size, and audit committee size on earnings management in banking industry in China and Indonesia. Earnings management is one of the agency problem that occurs due to a separation between company's shareholdrs and management. Corporate governance is expected to improve company's performance through management performance monitoring and to ensure the availability of management accountability for principal based on existing regulations. The population of this research is a banking company listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2007-2009 periods and banking companoes which ar listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange at 2007-2009 periods. The data used is secondary data with discretionary accrual as earnings management proxy. Data is processed and analyzed by independent sample t-test and multiple linear regression. The results of research show that managerial ownership structure in Indonesia's banking industry is negatively significant influence on earnings management, whereas in China has no influence. The variable of independent board of commissioners proportion in banking industry in Indonesia has no influence on earnings management practices, while negatively significant influence in China. Then, the variable of Audit Committee size in Indonesia banking industri negatively significant influence on earnings management, whereas positively significant influence on earnings in China. Keywords: Earnings Management, Discretionary Accruals, Corporate Governance. Bibliography (1976-2012)
Capacitive detuning optimization for wireless uplink communication in neural implants

This study presents a wireless energy and data transfer system for neural implants with an emphasis on epilepsy monitoring. A wireless uplink data transmission system is built upon a remote powering system based on magnetic coupling which has been implemented previously. Uplink communication from the implant unit to the external base station is realized by shifting the resonance frequency of the load coil in the implant side. Effect of different detuning capacitances on power transfer efficiency and energy per bit is investigated. The in-vitro measurements of the system exhibits 32% power transfer efficiency while transferring 1 Mbit/s data from 10 mm distance at 8.5 MHz using a detuning capacitance of 120 pF. Furthermore, an optimization based on data rate, energy per bit, and power transfer efficiency has been proposed for the resonance frequency shift keying method.
The tradeoff between energy efficiency and system performance of femtocell deployment

In this paper1 we discuss some of the benefits and challenges of deploying femtocells in a cellular network. In particular, we focus on the tradeoff between energy efficiency and system performance. With realistic LTE system parameters, we have shown that femtocells can indeed improve energy efficiency of the network. However, this comes with a price — performance degradation due to interference, which is especially severe in dense deployment scenarios. Therefore, femtocell solutions are “green”, but also “noisy”. Interference mitigation mechanisms such as power control, mobility management, and resource allocation are then discussed.