Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arterial territories of the human brain

The development of neuroimaging has allowed clinicians to improve clinicoanatomic correlations in patients with stroke. Anatomic structures are well delineated on MRI, but there is a lack of standardization in their arterial supply. As in our previous study depicting the arterial supply of the brainstem and cerebellum, we present a system of 12 axial sections of the hemispheres depicting the dominant arterial territories, the most important anatomic structures, and Brodmann's areas. The area of variation of the cortical territory of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries is also represented. These sections may be used as a practical tool to determine arterial territories on CT or MRI, and may help establish consistent clinicoanatomic correlations in patients with supratentorial stroke.
Robust synchronization of complex networks with uncertain couplings and incomplete information

The mean square exponential (MSE) synchronization problem is investigated in this paper for complex networks with simultaneous presence of uncertain couplings and incomplete information, which comprise both the randomly occurring delay and the randomly occurring non-linearities. The network considered is uncertain with time-varying stochastic couplings. The randomly occurring delay and non-linearities are modelled by two Bernoulli-distributed white sequences with known probabilities to better describe realistic complex networks. By utilizing the coordinate transformation, the addressed complex network can be exponentially synchronized in the mean square if the MSE stability of a transformed subsystem can be assured. The stability problem is studied firstly for the transformed subsystem based on the Lyapunov functional method. Then, an easy-to-verify sufficient criterion is established by further decomposing the transformed system, which embodies the joint impacts of the single-node dynamics, the network topology and the statistical quantities of the uncertainties on the synchronization of the complex network. Numerical examples are exploited to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Temporal Action Detection Using a Statistical Language Model

While current approaches to action recognition on presegmented video clips already achieve high accuracies, temporal action detection is still far from comparably good results. Automatically locating and classifying the relevant action segments in videos of varying lengths proves to be a challenging task. We propose a novel method for temporal action detection including statistical length and language modeling to represent temporal and contextual structure. Our approach aims at globally optimizing the joint probability of three components, a length and language model and a discriminative action model, without making intermediate decisions. The problem of finding the most likely action sequence and the corresponding segment boundaries in an exponentially large search space is addressed by dynamic programming. We provide an extensive evaluation of each model component on Thumos 14, a large action detection dataset, and report state-of-the-art results on three datasets.
Fast Query Recommendation by Search

Query recommendation can not only effectively facilitate users to obtain their desired information but alsoincrease ads’ click-through rates. This paper presentsa general and highly efficient method for query recommendation. Given query sessions, we automatically generate many similar and dissimilar query-pairs as the prior knowledge. Then we learn a transformation from the prior knowledge to move similar queries closer such that similar queries tend to have similar hash values.This is formulated as minimizing the empirical error on the prior knowledge while maximizing the gap between the data and some partition hyperplanes randomly generated in advance. In the recommendation stage, we search queries that have similar hash values to the given query, rank the found queries and return the top K queries as the recommendation result. All the experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves encouraging results in terms of efficiency and recommendation performance.
Selecting Features for Paraphrasing Question Sentences

In this paper we investigate several schemes for selecting features which are useful for automatically classifying ques tions by their question type We repre sent questions as a set of features and compare the performance of the C machine learning algorithm using the dif ferent representations Experimental re sults show a high accuracy rate in cat egorizing question types using a scheme based on NLP techniques as compared to a scheme based on IR techniques The ultimate goal of this research is to use question type classi cation in order to help identify whether or not two ques tions are paraphrases of each other We hypothesize that the identi cation of fea tures which help identify question type will be useful in the generation of ques tion paraphrases as well
Reproducibility of Cerebral Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Neonates

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows to study cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation in neonates, which may be useful for early detection of cerebral hypoxemia. So far this method is not reliable enough to be used clinically. Reproducibility is one of the prerequisites for reliable quantitative monitoring. The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of the NIRS parameters HbO2 and HbD (oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration) and the derived NIRS parameters HbT (tissue hemoglobin concentration, HbT = HbO2 + HbD) and rSO2 (regional cerebral oxygen saturation, rSO2 = HbO2/HbT). Two observers repeated a total number of 500 measurements in 25 neonates. Additionally, a baseline measurement was done to assess the physiological variation in every neonate. For all NIRS parameters, the inter-patient variance contributed most to the total variance, while the interobserver variance was the smallest variance component. The cerebral oxygen saturation parameter rSO2 showed a good reproducibility, with an inter-measurement variance slightly but not significantly higher than the physiological baseline variation. The NIRS concentration parameters HbO2, HbD, and HbT were less reproducible, with significant variation due to repeated sensor replacement. However, for cerebral oximetry rSO2 is likely to be more important than the other NIRS parameters, so that NIRS has the potential to become a quantitative cerebral monitoring method.
Switching frequency selection for aerospace power converter system considering the design of output LC filter inductor optimizing weight and power loss

Switching frequency is one of the main deciding factors in development of high power converter systems used in industrial applications. This paper aims at verifying the switching frequencies range between 9kHz and 20kHz by selecting and designing the inductor of the output LC filter for each switching frequency within that range while optimizing the weight and power loss of the overall power converter system used in aerospace industry. In this paper, the power loss of the inverter semiconductors is also studied for each switching frequency by considering the weight of the heat sink needed to cool the system using air as the coolant. An example design of 50kW, 540VDC, 0.8pf motor drive, 3 phase 2 level 400Hz system is used to analyze the results obtained using the proposed methods. The optimization of the overall power converter system weight is finalized by a trade-off between the heat sinking and filtering requirements.
Accurate similarity analysis and computing of Gaussian membership functions for FNN simplification

This paper provides a complete solution for the problem how to accurately compute the similarity between fuzzy sets with Gaussian membership functions, which is a fundamental issue for the identification and simplification of FNNs. It is shown that there are three different types of similarities between a pair of Gaussian membership functions dependent on the relative positioning between the given pair of membership functions, and the accurate and detailed computing formulas are given in each type. A simulation example is given to compare the proposed accurate similarity analysis method with the existing approximation approaches and to show how much more accuracy can be obtained than the approximation one in terms of absolute percentage approximation error.
AISeL ) All Sprouts Content Sprouts 4-10-2008 Collective Hermeneutics in a Systems Development Process

The inherent complexity of information systems development presents significant impediments to the achievement of shared meaning among the members of a development team. In addition to the technical requirements of systems development, its intensely social nature challenges project teams to unite around a collective understanding of the processes and objectives that they pursue. How then do software development teams resolve questions of shared meaning in the development process? In this study, we build upon observations of a large platform development team to identify the ways in which team members converge around shared meanings through a repertoire of interpretive techniques. Specifically, we develop a model of interpretive team interaction that is based on the concept of a collective hermeneutic process. The collective hermeneutic model extends the hermeneutic tradition in IS research by addressing the ways in which an interpretation takes shape not simply within the mind of an individual but also through collaboration with others. Finally, we discuss implications of this theoretical perspective for the design of systems development environments and the prospect for additional research on the interpretive processes of
Cre recombinase‐mediated gene deletion in layer 4 of murine sensory cortical areas

Thalamocortical input to layer 4 carries the major ascending sensory information to the mammalian sensory cortex and is crucial for the function and plasticity of sensory cortical areas. Here we report identification of a Six3‐cre transgene that is selectively expressed in layer 4 of sensory cortical areas but not in the thalamus. In the mature somatosensory cortex Cre recombinase expressed from the transgene is able to mediate gene deletion in the overwhelming majority of layer 4 neurons, including GABAergic interneurons. The gene deletion in layer 4 mainly occurs during the first postnatal week. This cre transgene therefore provides a useful tool for examining the role of proteins expressed in layer 4 neurons. genesis 46:289–293, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluating Subspace Clustering Algorithms

Clustering techniques often define the similarity between instances using distance measures over the various dimensions of the data [12, 14]. Subspace clustering is an extension of traditional clustering that seeks to find clusters in different subspaces within a dataset. Traditional clustering algorithms consider all of the dimensions of an input dataset in an attempt to learn as much as possible about each instance described. In high dimensional data, however, many of the dimensions are often irrelevant. These irrelevant dimensions confuse clustering algorithms by hiding clusters in noisy data. In very high dimensions it is common for all of the instances in a dataset to be nearly equidistant from each other, completely masking the clusters. Subspace clustering algorithms localize the search for relevant dimensions allowing them to find clusters that exist in multiple, possibly overlapping subspaces. This paper presents a survey of the various subspace clustering algorithms. We then compare the two main approaches to subspace clustering using empirical scalability and accuracy tests.
Pricing guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits under stochastic interest rates

We consider the pricing of variable annuities with the Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit (GMWB) under the Vasicek stochastic interest rate framework. The holder of the variable annuity contract pays an initial purchase payment to the insurance company, which is then invested in a portfolio of risky assets. Under the GMWB, the holder can withdraw a specified amount periodically over the term of the contract such that the return of the entire initial investment is guaranteed, regardless of the market performance of the underlying asset portfolio. The investors have the equity participation in the reference investment portfolio with protection on the downside risk. The guarantee is financed by paying annual proportional fees. Under the assumption of deterministic withdrawal rates, we develop the pricing formulation of the value function of a variable annuity with the GMWB. In particular, we derive the analytic approximation solutions to the fair value of the GMWB under both equity and interest rate risks, obtaining both the lower and upper bounds on the price functions. The pricing behavior of the embedded GMWB under various model parameter values is also examined.
The role of sophisticated accounting system in strategy management

Organizations are designing more sophisticated accounting information systems to meet the strategic goals and enhance their performance. This study examines the effect of accounting information system design on the performance of organizations pursuing different strategic priorities. The alignment between sophisticated accounting information systems and organizational strategy is analyzed. The enabling effect of the accounting information system on performance is also examined. Relationships are explored using data collected from 112 CEOs in 218 hospitals in Spain. The findings provide support of an indirect effect of sophisticated accounting information system on performance, acting through a prospector strategy.
The Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase complex interaction motif of E2a is essential for a subset of transcriptional and oncogenic properties of E2a-Pbx1

The oncogene E2a-Pbx1 is formed by the t(1;19) translocation, which joins the N-terminal transactivation domain of E2a with the C-terminal homeodomain of PBX1. The goal of this work was to elucidate the mechanisms by which E2a-Pbx1 can lead to deregulated target gene expression. For reporter constructs it was shown that E2a-Pbx1 can activate transcription through homodimer elements (TGATTGAT) or through heterodimer elements with Hox proteins (e.g. TGATTAAT). We show a novel mechanism by which E2a-Pbx1 activates transcription of EF-9 using a promoter in intron 1 of the EF-9 gene, resulting in an aminoterminal truncated transcript. Our results indicate that the LDFS motif of E2a is essential for the transactivation of EF-9, but dispensable for transactivation of fibroblast growth factor 15. The E2a LDFS motif was also essential for proliferation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts but was dispensable for the E2a-Pbx1-induced differentiation arrest of myeloid progenitors.
Does Oral N-Acetylcysteine Reduce Contrast-Induced Renal Injury in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease Undergoing Peripheral Angiography? A Randomized-Controlled Study

The nephroprotective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing peripheral arterial angiography remains unclear. A total of 40 patients undergoing peripheral arterial angiography were randomized to receive intravenous (iv) hydration only (group 1) or oral NAC in addition to iv hydration (group 2; ISRCTN: 35882618). Primary outcome was reduction in the elevation of urinary retinol binding protein (RBP), albumin—creatinine ratio (ACR), and serum creatinine (serC). Groups 1 and 2 had equivocal percentage reduction in RBP and ACR levels from baseline (P = .80 and .30). A significant reduction in serC was, however, observed with NAC by third postprocedure day (P = .04). One patient in the treatment arm developed CIN compared with 3 patients in the control group (P = .33). Equivocal changes in RBP and ACR levels by both treatments seem to indicate that either is equally effective in affording renal protection.
Study of Situation-dependent Clinical Cognition: a Meta-analysis and Preliminary Method

Abstract: An integrated method was constructed for the study of in situ clinical reasoning. A meta-analysis of existing theories and an exploratory case study were performed. Twelve physicians at the department of otorhinolaryngology, and three physicians and three biomedical technologists at the clinical microbiological laboratory of an 800-bed university hospital were involved in the evaluation of the method. The meta-analysis identified situations where practitioners face assignments for which they follow no routine strategy as suitable starting points for the development of the method, in which organizational processes are presented as workflow graphs. Using the critical incident technique, problem situations in the processes are identified, and stimulated recall interviews are employed to construct a model of the situation-dependent logic used in decision-making. The case study showed thatthe first levels of the method could easily be used by physicians without training in organizational development or cognitive psychology. It is concluded that the method can be a means for case construction in problem-oriented learning programs that have an empirical background. It can also be used in the development of clinical organization, where training is combined with the establishment of critical paths and computer support.
Kinetics of Plasma Refilling During Hemodialysis Sessions with Different Initial Fluid Status

Removal of fluid excess from the plasma volume by ultrafiltration during hemodialysis (HD) is balanced by plasma refilling from the interstitium, driven mainly by the increase in plasma oncotic pressure. We calculated the plasma refilling coefficient (Kr, a parameter expressing the ratio of refilling rate to the increase in oncotic pressure) for nine patients, each undergoing two HD sessions differing by pretreatment fluid status and session time (shorter session, SH, 3.5 h, and longer session, LH, 4.5h). Relative blood volume change was measured online, and solute concentrations were measured regularly during the sessions. The volume of body compartments was measured by bioimpedance. The patients were more volume expanded before LH session (higher initial body mass and total body water). Oncotic pressure was similar for both sessions. The refilling rate, despite higher fluid overload in the LH sessions, was similar for both sessions. The final Kr values stabilized on similar levels (SH: 136.6 ± 55.6 ml/mm Hg/h and LH: 150.7 ± 73.6 ml/mm Hg/h) at similar times, notwithstanding the difference in initial fluid overload between the two groups, suggesting that Kr at dry weight is relatively insensitive to the initial fluid status of the patient.
Towards Securing Pocket Hard Drives and Portable Personalities

Inexpensive portable storage devices that are available in the market today have made it easier for users to carry data and programs with them and borrow computing platforms when needed. While this model of computing is very attractive, it is promiscuous and thus protection is needed both for the borrower and owner of the computing platform. In this paper, we focus on a subset of this computing model, called portable storage based personalizationwhere the user boots the borrowed PC from her portable storage device, i.e. pocket hard drive. We analyze the security implications of this model and present a scheme to protect the pocket hard drive from the untrusted platform. The protection scheme includes running tests stored on the pocket hard drive to assess the integrity of the borrowed platform and ensuring that these tests actually get executed
Grammatical morpheme effects on sentence processing by school-aged adolescents with specific language impairment

Sixteen-year-olds with specific language impairment (SLI), nonspecific language impairment (NLI), and those showing typical language development (TD) responded to target words in sentences that were either grammatical or contained a grammatical error immediately before the target word. The TD participants showed the expected slower response times (RTs) when errors preceded the target word, regardless of error type. The SLI and NLI groups also showed the expected slowing, except when the error type involved the omission of a tense/agreement inflection. This response pattern mirrored an early developmental period of alternating between using and omitting tense/agreement inflections that is characteristic of SLI and NLI. The findings could not be readily attributed to factors such as insensitivity to omissions in general or insensitivity to the particular phonetic forms used to mark tense/agreement. The observed response pattern may represent continued difficulty with tense/agreement morphology that persists in subtle form into adolescence.
Icariin stimulates the proliferation of rat Sertoli cells in an ERK1/2‐dependent manner in vitro

Icariin (ICA), a major constituent of flavonoids from the Chinese medical herb Epimedium brevicornum Maxim, is found to be protective for male reproductive ability, with the underlying mechanism largely unknown. Our study here investigated the effects of ICA on Sertoli cells, which act as nurse cells for the germ cells developing. Icariin was found to stimulate Sertoli cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner. Further study revealed that Icariin induced an obvious phosphorylation of ERK in Sertoli cells. Inhibition of activation of ERK by the ERK inhibitor U0126 nearly blocked the Icariin‐induced proliferation of Sertoli cells. Taken together, our results suggest that Icariin promotes the proliferation of Sertoli cells in vitro by activating the ERK1/2 signal pathway, which might at least partially, explain the protective role of Icariin on male reproductive ability.
Ultrafine anaphase bridges, broken DNA and illegitimate recombination induced by a replication fork barrier

Most DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in S- and G2-phase cells are repaired accurately by Rad51-dependent sister chromatid recombination. However, a minority give rise to gross chromosome rearrangements (GCRs), which can result in disease/death. What determines whether a DSB is repaired accurately or inaccurately is currently unclear. We provide evidence that suggests that perturbing replication by a non-programmed protein–DNA replication fork barrier results in the persistence of replication intermediates (most likely regions of unreplicated DNA) into mitosis, which results in anaphase bridge formation and ultimately to DNA breakage. However, unlike previously characterised replication-associated DSBs, these breaks are repaired mainly by Rad51-independent processes such as single-strand annealing, and are therefore prone to generate GCRs. These data highlight how a replication-associated DSB can be predisposed to give rise to genome rearrangements in eukaryotes.
(E)-2-[2-(Pentafluorophenyl)ethenyl]-8-quinolyl acetate

The title compound, C19H10F5NO2, was synthesized by the 1:1 condensation of 2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinaldine with pentafluorobenzaldehyde. It crystallizes with two almost identical molecules in the asymmetric unit. The pentafluorobenzene ring is essentially coplanar with the quinoline ring, forming dihedral angles of 2.49 (17) and 8.72 (16)° in the two molecules.