Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CALYPSO : A Neural Network Model for Natural Language Inference

The ability to infer meaning from text has long been regarded as one of the “benchmarks” of the quest to artificially approximate human intelligence. The field of Natural Language Inference explores this task by explicitly modeling inference relationships in natural language. In this work, we present the CALYPSO model, which builds upon Chen et al. ’16’s EBIM model by enhancing the matching layer with modifications to Chen’s soft attention as well as three matching algorithms inspired by Wang et al. ’17. Although CALYPSO’s 82% accuracy is 3.2% lower than that of our EBIM implementation, our ablation study and comparison of training loss over time suggest that every modification has value and that hyperparameter tuning as well as revisions to the merging framework promise better results.
Analysis of various swarm-based & ant-based algorithms

Ant algorithms and swarm intelligence systems have been offered as a novel computational approach that replaces the traditional emphasis on control, preprogramming and centralization with designs featuring autonomy, emergence and distributed functioning. These designs provide scalable, flexible and robust, able to adapt quickly changes to changing environments and to continue functioning even when individual elements fail. These properties make swarm intelligence very attractive for mobile ad hoc networks. These algorithms also provide potential advantages for conventional routing algorithms. Ant Colony Optimization is popular among other Swarm Intelligence Techniques.In this paper a detailed comparison of different Ant based algorithms is presented. The comparative results will help the researchers to understand the basic differences among various existing Ant colony based routing algorithms.
On the optimality of Maisel sidelobe blanking structure

We present an optimal sidelobe blanker (SLB) detector for Swerling-1 and Swerling-0 targets and compare the performances of the suggested detector with the classical Maisel SLB structure. The optimal SLB detector depends on the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and jammer to noise ratio (JNR) values and may not be practical for implementation in many applications. The goal of this work is to compare the Maisel structure with the optimal detector which utilizes additional information on target and jammer and assesses the performance gap between two systems. Numerical results show that the performance of Maisel SLB structure is close to the optimal detector under very practical conditions.
Image collector III: a web image-gathering system with bag-of-keypoints

We propose a new system to mine visual knowledge on the Web.There are huge image data as well as text data on the Web. However, mining image data from the Web is paid less attention than mining text data, since treating semantics of images are much more difficult. In this paper, we propose introducing a latest image recognition technique, which is the bag-of-keypoints representation,into Web image-gathering task. By the experiments we show theproposed system outperforms our previous systems and Google Imagesearch greatly.
Wanted: A psychology of situations

A tire pressure indicator includes a cylindrical housing having an axial bore communicating with the interior of a pneumatic tire either through the tire valve stem or directly through the wheel rim. A valve poppet is movable within the housing between a first position in which it seals the tire by engaging a shoulder projecting inwardly in the bore and a second position in which it is spaced from the shoulder to release air from the tire. A hollow cap threadedly connects to the housing and, when so connected, compresses a spring in the housing that biases the poppet toward its second, releasing position against the air pressure in the tire biasing the poppet toward its first, sealing position. When the pressure in the tire drops to a predetermined level, the poppet moves to its second position releasing air into the cap. An indicating element normally concealed within the cap is projected from the cap by the released air to provide a visual warning of the tire pressure drop. An improved poppet and indicating element design and improved arrangement of seals prevent the leakage of air through the indicator and seal the indicator against the influx of foreign materials therein.
Soybean Consumption And Health Benefits

soy foods are rich source of dietary protein. soy based foods are rich in a class of compounds called isoflavones. Isoflavones have chemical structure that is similar to the hormone estrogen receptors commonly called phytoestrogens. the consumption of soy isoflavones appears to result in health benefits for cancer, heart disease, menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis. so as a result soy protein have become major components of food.
Fitness for purpose study of the Field Assessment Conditioning Tool (FACT): a research protocol

Introduction As part of a programme of research aiming to improve the outcomes of traumatically injured children, a multisource healthcare advocacy tool has been developed to allow trauma team members and hospital governance administrators to reflect and to act on complex trauma team-hospital systems interactions. We have termed this tool a Field Assessment Conditioning Tool (FACT). The FACT draws on quantitative data including clinical care points in addition to self-reflective qualitative data. The FACT is designed to provide feedback on this assessment data both horizontally across fellow potential team members and vertically to the hospital/organisation governance structure, enabling process gap identification and allowing an agenda of improvements to be realised. The aim of the study described in this paper is to explore the perceived fitness for purpose of the FACT to provide an opportunity for healthcare advocacy by healthcare professionals caring for traumatically injured children. Methods and analysis The FACT will be implemented and studied in three district hospitals, each around a major trauma centre in the UK, USA and New Zealand. Using a qualitative approach with standardised semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis we will explore the following question: Is the FACT fit for purpose in terms of providing a framework to evaluate, reflect and act on the individual hospital's own performance (trauma team—hospital interactions) in terms of readiness to receive traumatically injured children? Ethics and dissemination Ethics opinion was sought for each research host organisation participating and deemed not required. The results will be disseminated to participating sites, networks and published in high-impact journals.
An historical analysis of the development of thinking in the principal writings of Malcolm Knowles

Malcolm Shepherd Knowles was a key writer and theorist in the field of adult education in the United States. He died in 1997 and left a large legacy of books and journal articles. This thesis traced the development of his thinking over the 46-year period from 1950 to 1995. It examined the 25 works authored, co-authored, edited, reissued and revised by him during that period. The writings were scrutinised using a literature research methodology to expose the theoretical content, and a history of thought lens to identify and account for the development of major ideas. The methodology enabled a gradual unfolding of the history. A broadly-consistent and sequential pattern of thought focusing on the notion of andragogy emerged. The study revealed that after the initial phases of exploratory thinking, Knowles developed a practical-theoretical framework he believed could function as a comprehensive theory of adult learning. As his thinking progressed, his theory developed into a unified framework for human resource development and, later, into a model for the development of self-directed lifelong learners. The study traced the development of Knowles’ thinking through the phases of thought, identified the writings that belonged within each phase and produced a series of diagrammatic representations showing the evolution of his conceptual framework. The production of a history of the development of Knowles’ thought is the major outcome of the study. In addition to plotting the narrative sequence of thought-events, the history helps to explicate the factors and conditions that influenced Knowles’ thinking and to show the interrelationships between ideas. The study should help practitioners in their use and appreciation of Knowles’ works.
Assessing addiction vulnerability with different rat strains and place preference procedures: the role of the cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript

Validated biomarkers of addiction vulnerability are unavailable despite their potential value in diagnostics and therapeutics. As cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptides can be considered candidates for such biomarkers, we have studied the acute regulation of CART gene expression in the nucleus accumbens of rats with different drug-seeking behaviors. Two subgroups of Sprague–Dawley rats with different persistences of cocaine-induced and morphine-induced place preference showed a similar regulation of CART mRNA irrespective of their behavioral differences: CART gene expression was unaffected by acute cocaine and downregulated by acute morphine to a similar extent in both subgroups. Fischer 344 and Lewis rats, known to exhibit very different drug-seeking behaviors, showed lower basal expression of CART when compared with Sprague–Dawley rats, being almost undetectable in the case of the Lewis strain. Acute morphine downregulated CART in Fischer 344 rats as it did in Sprague–Dawley rats. The results tend to show that CART mRNA regulation by acute morphine or cocaine in the nucleus accumbens does not seem predictive of addiction vulnerability. However, in the particular case of Lewis rats, the pronounced hypoactivity of the CART system could contribute to the high vulnerability of this strain to develop drug-seeking behaviors.
Broadcast erasure channel with feedback: The two multicast case — Algorithms and bounds

We consider the single hop broadcast packet erasure channel (BPEC) with two multicast sessions (each of them destined to a different group of N users) and regularly available instantaneous receiver ACK/NACK feedback. Using the insight gained from recent work on BPEC with unicast and degraded messages [1], [2], we propose a virtual queue based session-mixing algorithm, which does not require knowledge of channel statistics and achieves capacity for N = 2 and iid erasures. Since the extension of this algorithm to N > 2 is not straightforward, we describe a simple algorithm which outperforms standard timesharing for arbitrary N and is actually asymptotically better than timesharing, for any finite N, as the erasure probability goes to zero. We finally provide, through an information-theoretic analysis, sufficient but not necessary asymptotic conditions between N and n (the number of transmissions) for which the achieved sum rate, under any coding scheme, is essentially identical to that of timesharing.
Cognitive design elements to support the construction of a mental model during software visualization

The scope of software visualization tools which exist for the navigation, analysis and presentation of software information varies widely. One class of tools, which we refer to as software exploration tools, provide graphical representations of software structures linked to textual views of the program source code and documentation. This paper describes a hierarchy of cognitive issues which should be considered during the design of a software exploration tool. The hierarchy of cognitive design elements is derived through the examination of program comprehension cognitive models. Examples of how existing tools address each of these issues are provided.
Australian Lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri): A Missing Link in the Evolution of Complementary Side Biases for Predator Avoidance and Prey Capture

Side biases in behavior, reflecting lateral specializations of the brain, are widespread amongst vertebrates. We studied laterality in the Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri) to gain insight into the evolution of the complementary specializations of predator avoidance (right hemisphere) and foraging behavior (left hemisphere). Because N. forsteri is the closest extant ancestor of the first land-dwelling vertebrates, knowledge of laterality in this species should provide a missing link in the transition from fish to tetrapods. Predator escape responses were elicited by generating pressure waves and a significant bias for C-start responses to the left side was found. This bias was unaffected by activity levels that change according to a diurnal cycle: activity is higher in the dark phase than the light phase. A complementary bias to turn to the right side was found during feeding behavior. This pattern of opposite-side specializations matches that known for fish, anurans, reptiles, birds and, as some evidence indicates, also mammals. Hence, we conclude that it is a homologous pattern of lateralization that evolved in early aquatic vertebrates and was retained as they made the transition to land-dwelling tetrapods.
Improving web search results using affinity graph

In this paper, we propose a novel ranking scheme named Affinity Ranking (AR) to re-rank search results by optimizing two metrics: (1) diversity -- which indicates the variance of topics in a group of documents; (2) information richness -- which measures the coverage of a single document to its topic. Both of the two metrics are calculated from a directed link graph named Affinity Graph (AG). AG models the structure of a group of documents based on the asymmetric content similarities between each pair of documents. Experimental results in Yahoo! Directory, ODP Data, and Newsgroup data demonstrate that our proposed ranking algorithm significantly improves the search performance. Specifically, the algorithm achieves 31% improvement in diversity and 12% improvement in information richness relatively within the top 10 search results.
Reference point based multi-objective optimization using evolutionary algorithms

Evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) methodologies have been amply applied to find a representative set of Pareto-optimal solutions in the past decade and beyond. Although there are advantages of knowing the range of each objective for Pareto-optimality and the shape of the Pareto-optimal frontier itself in a problem for an adequate decision-making, the task of choosing a single preferred Pareto-optimal solution is also an important task which has received a lukewarm attention so far. In this paper, we combine one such preference based strategy with an EMO methodology and demonstrate how, instead of one solution, a preferred set solutions near the reference points can be found parallely. We propose a modified EMO procedure based on the elitist non-dominated sorting GAor NSGA-II. On two-objective to 10-objective optimization problems, the modified NSGA-II approach shows its efficacy in finding an adequate set of Pareto-optimal points. Such procedures will provide the decision-maker with a set of solutions near her/his preference so that a better and a more reliable decision can be made.
Mapping Explanation-Based Generalization onto Soar

Explanation-based generalization (EBG) is a powerful approach to concept formation in which a justifiable concept definition is acquired from a single training example and an underlying theory of how the example is an instance of the concept. Soar is an attempt to build a general cognitive architecture combining general learning, problem solving, and memory capabilities. It includes an independently developed learning mechanism, called chunking, that is similar to but not the same as explanation-based generalization. In this article we clarify the relationship between the explanation-based generalization framework and the Soar/chunking combination by showing how the EBG framework maps onto Soar, how several EBG concept-formation tasks are implemented in Soar, and how the Soar approach suggests answers to some of the outstanding issues in explanation-based generalization.
Analysis on the Light Extraction Efficiency of GaN-Based Nanowires Light-Emitting Diodes

With the development of single-photon-sources of ultra-efficient light extraction, nanowire structures, with embedded quantum wells, present unprecedented opportunity to enhance the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of light emitting diodes (LEDs). In this paper, the finite-difference time-domain method is carried out in graphics processing units to explore mechanisms by which nanowire arrays can effectively improve LEE. The results show that the LEE strongly depends on the radius of the nanowire and the distance between the nanowires. On analyzing the emitted power distribution of the dipole in the semiconductor nanowire, the LEE of LEDs agrees with guided power portion of the total power with respect to the radius of the nanowire and the distance between the nanowires. The guided mode has an important role in enhancing the LEE of LEDs. The free-space mode, however, becomes the whispering gallery mode which is not important in LEE. The LEE obtains the maximum at the mode cutoff radius. The height is also discussed in this paper. With the optimized parameters, ~11 times increment in LEE is achieved.
Improving Nanoparticle Penetration in Tumors by Vascular Disruption with Acoustic Droplet Vaporization

Drug penetration influences the efficacy of tumor therapy. Although the leaky vessels of tumors can improve the penetration of nanodrugs via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, various aspects of the tumor microenvironment still restrict this process. This study investigated whether vascular disruption using the acoustic vaporization of micro- or nanoscale droplets (MDs or NDs) induced by ultrasound sonication can overcome the limitations of the EPR effect to allow drug diffusion into extensive regions. The intravital penetration of DiI-labeled liposomes (as a drug model with red fluorescence) was observed using an acousto-optical integrated system comprising a 2-MHz focused ultrasound transducer (transmitting a three-cycle single pulse and a peak negative pressure of 10 MPa) in a window-chamber mouse model. Histology images of the solid tumor were also used to quantify and demonstrate the locations where DiI-labeled liposomes accumulated. In the intravital image analyses, the cumulative diffusion area and fluorescence intensity at 180 min were 0.08±0.01 mm2 (mean±standard deviation) and 8.5±0.4%, respectively, in the EPR group, 0.33±0.01 mm2 and 13.1±0.4% in the MD group (p<0.01), and 0.63±0.01 mm2 and 18.9±1.1% in the ND group (p<0.01). The intratumoral accumulations of DiI-labeled liposomes were 1.7- and 2.3-fold higher in the MD and ND groups, respectively, than in the EPR group. These results demonstrate that vascular disruption induced by acoustic droplet vaporization can improve drug penetration more than utilizing the EPR effect. The NDs showed longer lifetime in vivo than MDs and provided potential abilities of long periods of treatment, intertissue ND vaporization, and intertissue NDs-converted bubble cavitation to improve the drug penetration and transport distance.
Culturally Responsive Teaching of Mathematics: Three Models from Linked Studies

This article examines 3 models for developing and analyzing culturally responsive teaching in mathematics teacher education. The models were developed from and are illustrated by findings from a series of exploratory research studies conducted to evaluate various methods for preparing preservice teachers to address the educational implications of bicultural partnership between indigenous Maori and New Zealand European groups. The studies explored the perceptions of preservice and beginning teachers regarding the incorporation of cultural approaches in the teaching of mathematics. The implications of our research regarding the challenges of representing cultural perspectives in mathematics education are discussed in the context of the broader literature on culturally responsive education.
Stability assessment of a high speed permanent magnet machine based aircraft electrical power system

Starting an aircraft engine with an electrical machine has been one of the major trends for future aircraft. This paper studies the stability of a permanent-magnet machine (PMM) based aircraft starter/generator (S/G) system. Using control-to-output transfer functions, the stability analysis of this S/G system is thoroughly studied. The impact of the key parameters including the control parameters is analysed. Simulation and experimental results support the analytical result.
Design and implementation of low-oversampling delta sigma modulators for high frequency applications

The key factor making Delta-Sigma modulators (DSM) one of the most popular components in modern electronic circuits is its high linearity. This is achieved by using a high oversampling ratio which is unfortunately the limiting factor towards its application in high frequency circuits. The necessity of high processing speed and power, the increased cost and complexity and wastage of available bandwidth are some of the significant demerits of using a high oversampling ratio. This paper suggests that the delta sigma modulators require a high frequency processing and not high oversampling ratio. A parallel structure to perform the high frequency processing along with an adaptive method to improve the signal quality at the output is proposed. The suggested technique allows the simultaneous execution of fast and complex computations required for wireless systems. The analysis is performed using MATLAB simulations and the results claim a reduction in oversampling ratio by a factor of 16 while keeping the same signal to noise ratio. The proposed architecture is implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board which is then validated with a code division multiple access signal. The output signal bandwidth is observed to be increasing four times without any increase in the sampling frequency.
The HTS-2008 System: Yet Another Evaluation of the Speaker-Adaptive HMM-based Speech Synthesis System in The 2008 Blizzard Challenge

F or the 2008 Blizzard Challenge, we used the same speakeradaptive approach to HMM-based speech synthesis that was used in the HTS entry to the 2007 challenge, but an improved system was built in which the multi-accented English average voice model was trained on 41 hours of speech data with highorder mel-cepstral analysis using an efficient forward-backward algorithm for the HSMM. The listener evaluation scores for the synthetic speech generated from this system was much better than in 2007: the system had the equal best naturalness on the small English data set and the equal best intelligibility on both small and large data sets for English, and had the equal best naturalness on the Mandarin data. In fact, the English system was found to be as intelligible as human speech. Index Terms: speech synthesis, HMM, HTS, speaker adaptation