Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A STUDY OF REFUSAL STRATEGY USED BY ENGLISH TEACHERS IN MADIUN REGENCY IN DECLINING AN INVITATION, AN OFFER AND A SUGGESTION

The aim of this study is to investigate strategies and politeness in rejection of the invitation, offer, and suggestions by English teacher in Madison County. This study uses the theoretical framework of Takahashi , Beebe and Uliss - Weltz. Data was collected using Mechanical Completion of Discourse (Discourse Completion Technique). The data source is the 38 English teachers, 14 men and 24 women who teach in junior high schools in Madison County. The results showed as follows: (1) The English teacher at junior high school in Madison County implemented two semantic formula of direct and indirect strategies in three acts of rejection (invitations, offers and suggestions). (2) Indirect strategy in the rejection of the dominant is the supply and advice directly while the dominant strategy used in the rejection of the invitation.
View-adaptive manipulative action recognition for robot companions

This paper puts forward an approach for a mobile robot to recognize the human's manipulative actions from different single camera views. While most of the related work in action recognition assume a fixed static camera view that is the same for training and testing, such kind of constraints do not apply for mobile robot companions. We propose a recognition scheme that is able to generalize an action model, that has been learned from a very few data items observed from a single camera view, to variant view points and different settings. We tackle the problem of compensating the view dependence of 2D motion models on three different levels. Firstly, we pre-segment the trajectories based on an object vicinity that depends on the camera tilt and object detections. Secondly, an interactive feature vector is designed that represents the relative movements between the human hand and the objects. Thirdly, we propose an adaptive HMM-based matching process that is based on a particle filter and includes a dynamically adjusted scaling parameter that models the systematic error of the view dependency. Finally, we use a two-layered approach for task recognition which decouples the task knowledge from the view dependent primitive recognition. The results of experiments in an office environment show the applicability of this approach.
How Telling is Author Voice? Further Associations Between Personality and Writing

Introduction Background: • Personality is associated with individual writing styles for: • Personal correspondence/letters (Broehl & McGee, 1981) • Published books (Foster, 1996) • Diary entries, school assignments, and academic publications (Pennebaker & King, 1999) • Existing research focuses on “formal” writing samples (i.e. full sentences, coherent essays) • But much of our day-to-day writing is informal (e.g. to-do lists, text messages, notes to ourselves) The present study: • Are informal writing styles associated with personality? • Predictions: 1. Personality variables are associated with informal writing styles 2. Any associations are weak
Dynamic K-Nearest-Neighbor with Distance and attribute weighted for classification

K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) as an important classification method based on closest training examples has been widely used in data mining due to its simplicity, effectiveness, and robustness. However, the class probability estimation, the neighborhood size and the type of distance function confronting KNN may affect its classification accuracy. Many researchers have been focused on improving the accuracy of KNN via distance weighted, attribute weighted, and dynamically selected methods et al. In this paper, we first reviewed some improved algorithms of KNN in three categories mentioned above. Then, we singled out an improved algorithm called dynamic k-nearest-neighbor with distance and attribute weighted, simply DKNDAW. In DKNDAW, we mixed dynamic selected, distance weighted and attribute weighted methods. We experimentally tested our new algorithm in Weka system, using the whole 36 standard UCI data sets which are downloaded from the main website of Weka. In our experiment, we compared it to KNN, WAKNN, KNNDW, KNNDAW, and DKNN. The experimental results show that DKNDAW significantly outperforms KNN, WAKNN, KNNDW, KNNDAW, and DKNN in terms of the classification accuracy.
Making graphene visible

Microfabrication of graphene devices used in many experimental studies currently relies on the fact that graphene crystallites can be visualized using optical microscopy if prepared on top of Si wafers with a certain thickness of SiO2. The authors study graphene’s visibility and show that it depends strongly on both thickness of SiO2 and light wavelength. They have found that by using monochromatic illumination, graphene can be isolated for any SiO2 thickness, albeit 300nm (the current standard) and, especially, ≈100nm are most suitable for its visual detection. By using a Fresnel-law-based model, they quantitatively describe the experimental data.
Access of torsinA to the inner nuclear membrane is activity dependent and regulated in the endoplasmic reticulum

ABSTRACT TorsinA (also known as torsin-1A) is a membrane-embedded AAA+ ATPase that has an important role in the nuclear envelope lumen. However, most torsinA is localized in the peripheral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen where it has a slow mobility that is incompatible with free equilibration between ER subdomains. We now find that nuclear-envelope-localized torsinA is present on the inner nuclear membrane (INM) and ask how torsinA reaches this subdomain. The ER system contains two transmembrane proteins, LAP1 and LULL1 (also known as TOR1AIP1 and TOR1AIP2, respectively), that reversibly co-assemble with and activate torsinA. Whereas LAP1 localizes on the INM, we show that LULL1 is in the peripheral ER and does not enter the INM. Paradoxically, interaction between torsinA and LULL1 in the ER targets torsinA to the INM. Native gel electrophoresis reveals torsinA oligomeric complexes that are destabilized by LULL1. Mutations in torsinA or LULL1 that inhibit ATPase activity reduce the access of torsinA to the INM. Furthermore, although LULL1 binds torsinA in the ER lumen, its effect on torsinA localization requires cytosolic-domain-mediated oligomerization. These data suggest that LULL1 oligomerizes to engage and transiently disassemble torsinA oligomers, and is thereby positioned to transduce cytoplasmic signals to the INM through torsinA. Summary: Interaction between the torsinA AAA+ protein and the LULL1 activator of ATP hydrolysis in the endoplasmic reticulum controls torsinA entry to the inner nuclear membrane, its site of activity.
Local community situational awareness during an emergency

With the recent exponential growth in the use of public forums for communication and sharing of information, Emergency Response organisations are realising that there is a potential to exploit these forums to extract information to improve the overall awareness of the events that occur during an emergency. This paper describes an approach using information extraction, topic and event identification and its application in a case study. The results indicate that despite the ill-formed, variable quality and conversational nature of forum posts a degree of coherent event information can be acquired.
Finding heavy distinct hitters in data streams

A simple indicator for an anomaly in a network is a rapid increase in the total number of distinct network connections. While it is fairly easy to maintain an accurate estimate of the current total number of distinct connections using streaming algorithms that exhibit both a low space and computational complexity, identifying the network entities that are involved in the largest number of distinct connections efficiently is considerably harder. In this paper, we study the problem of finding all entities whose number of distinct (outgoing or incoming) network connections is at least a specific fraction of the total number of distinct connections. These entities are referred to as heavy distinct hitters. Since this problem is hard in general, we focus on randomized approximation techniques and propose a sampling-based and a sketch-based streaming algorithm. Both algorithms output a list of the potential heavy distinct hitters including the estimated counts of the corresponding number of distinct connections. We prove that, depending on the required level of accuracy of the output list, the space complexities of the presented algorithms are asymptotically optimal up to small logarithmic factors. Additionally, the algorithms are evaluated and compared using real network data in order to determine their usefulness in practice.
Vital signs investigation in subjects undergoing MR imaging at 8T.

PURPOSE This study investigates physiologic vital signs in subjects, with and without cerebral pathologies, undergoing ultra-high-field (UHF) 8T MR imaging. METHODS AND SUBJECTS Eighteen normal subjects and 74 subjects with cerebral pathology consented for 8T UHF MR imaging. T2*-weighted gradient-echo and T2-weighted rapid acquisition relaxation excitement sequences were used. Physiologic vital signs measured included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, electrocardiogram, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and pulse oxygen saturation rate. They were collected before, during, and after imaging. Mean vital sign values at different stages were calculated and compared. Subjects were interviewed after imaging. RESULTS No adverse vital sign change was detected. Statistically significant changes after imaging included a HR decrease from 65.2 beats per minute (bpm) to 60.3 bpm (P = .001, paired Student t test) in the normal group and a RR increase from 14.5 respirations per minute (rpm) to 15.1 rpm (P = .001, paired Student t test) in the patient group. Transient vertigo sensation was reported by 27% of normal subjects and 11% of subjects with cerebral pathologies. One normal subject and one subject with cerebral pathology reported an episode of nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSION The current neurologic human MR imaging procedure at 8T UHF has no serious adverse effects on major physiologic vital signs in either normal subjects or patients. Transient vertigo, nausea, and vomiting were identified as potential risks.
Electroacupuncture inhibits apoptosis in annulus fibrosis cells through suppression of the mitochondria-dependent pathway in a rat model of cervical intervertebral disc degradation

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether treatment with electroacupuncture (EA) inhibited mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in annulus fibrosis (AF) cells in a rat model of cervical intervertebral disc degradation induced by unbalanced dynamic and static forces. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study, of which 30 underwent surgery to induce cervical intervertebral disc degradation, 10 rats received EA at acupoints Dazhui (DU 14) and Shousanli (LI 10). TUNEL staining was measured to assess apoptosis in AF cells, immunohistochemistry was used to examine Bcl-2 and Bax expression, colorimetric assays were used to determine caspase 9 and caspase 3 activities and RT-PCR and western blotting were used to assess the mRNA and protein expression of Crk and ERK2. Treatment with EA reduced the number of AF-positive cells in TUNEL staining, increased Bcl-2-positive cells and decreased Bax-positive cells in immunohistochemical staining, significantly inhibited the activation of caspases-9 and −3, and enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of Crk and ERK2. Our data show that EA inhibits AF cell apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent pathway and up-regulates Crk and ERK2 expression. These results suggest that treatment with may be a good alternative therapy for preventing cervical spondylosis.
A Technique for Signature Preserving Enhancement

Conventional techniques for image sharpening tend to introduce artifacts around edges producing a ringing effect. In this paper we propose a technique based on local derivatives to produce signature preserving sharpening. The performance of the technique is evaluated on synthetic imagery and remote sensing imagery. It is found that applying the technique in an iterative manner on zoomed imagery produces corner preserving sharpening to subpixel accuracy.
MRE11 and RAD50, but not NBS1, are essential for gene targeting in the moss Physcomitrella patens

The moss Physcomitrella patens is unique among plant models for the high frequency with which targeted transgene insertion occurs via homologous recombination. Transgene integration is believed to utilize existing machinery for the detection and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). We undertook targeted knockout of the Physcomitrella genes encoding components of the principal sensor of DNA DSBs, the MRN complex. Loss of function of PpMRE11 or PpRAD50 strongly and specifically inhibited gene targeting, whilst rates of untargeted transgene integration were relatively unaffected. In contrast, disruption of the PpNBS1 gene retained the wild-type capacity to integrate transforming DNA efficiently at homologous loci. Analysis of the kinetics of DNA-DSB repair in wild-type and mutant plants by single-nucleus agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that bleomycin-induced fragmentation of genomic DNA was repaired at approximately equal rates in each genotype, although both the Ppmre11 and Pprad50 mutants exhibited severely restricted growth and development and enhanced sensitivity to UV-B and bleomycin-induced DNA damage, compared with wild-type and Ppnbs1 plants. This implies that while extensive DNA repair can occur in the absence of a functional MRN complex; this is unsupervised in nature and results in the accumulation of deleterious mutations incompatible with normal growth and development.
An Efficient Parallel Algorithm for Spectral Sparsification of Laplacian and SDDM Matrix Polynomials

For "large" class $\mathcal{C}$ of continuous probability density functions (p.d.f.), we demonstrate that for every $w\in\mathcal{C}$ there is mixture of discrete Binomial distributions (MDBD) with $T\geq N\sqrt{\phi_{w}/\delta}$ distinct Binomial distributions $B(\cdot,N)$ that $\delta$-approximates a discretized p.d. f. $\widehat{w}(i/N)\triangleq w(i/N)/[\sum_{\ell=0}^{N}w(\ell/N)]$ for all $i\in[3:N-3]$, where $\phi_{w}\geq\max_{x\in[0,1]}|w(x)|$. Also, we give two efficient parallel algorithms to find such MDBD. Moreover, we propose a sequential algorithm that on input MDBD with $N=2^k$ for $k\in\mathbb{N}_{+}$ that induces a discretized p.d. f. $\beta$, $B=D-M$ that is either Laplacian or SDDM matrix and parameter $\epsilon\in(0,1)$, outputs in $\widehat{O}(\epsilon^{-2}m + \epsilon^{-4}nT)$ time a spectral sparsifier $D-\widehat{M}_{N} \approx_{\epsilon} D-D\sum_{i=0}^{N}\beta_{i}(D^{-1} M)^i$ of a matrix-polynomial, where $\widehat{O}(\cdot)$ notation hides $\mathrm{poly}(\log n,\log N)$ factors. This improves the Cheng et al.'s [CCLPT15] algorithm whose run time is $\widehat{O}(\epsilon^{-2} m N^2 + NT)$. Furthermore, our algorithm is parallelizable and runs in work $\widehat{O}(\epsilon^{-2}m + \epsilon^{-4}nT)$ and depth $O(\log N\cdot\mathrm{poly}(\log n)+\log T)$. Our main algorithmic contribution is to propose the first efficient parallel algorithm that on input continuous p.d. f. $w\in\mathcal{C}$, matrix $B=D-M$ as above, outputs a spectral sparsifier of matrix-polynomial whose coefficients approximate component-wise the discretized p.d. f. $\widehat{w}$. Our results yield the first efficient and parallel algorithm that runs in nearly linear work and poly-logarithmic depth and analyzes the long term behaviour of Markov chains in non-trivial settings. In addition, we strengthen the Spielman and Peng's [PS14] parallel SDD solver.
DNA sequence and expression variation of hop (Humulus lupulus) valerophenone synthase (VPS), a key gene in bitter acid biosynthesis.

BACKGROUND The hop plant (Humulus lupulus) is a source of many secondary metabolites, with bitter acids essential in the beer brewing industry and others having potential applications for human health. This study investigated variation in DNA sequence and gene expression of valerophenone synthase (VPS), a key gene in the bitter acid biosynthesis pathway of hop. METHODS Sequence variation was studied in 12 varieties, and expression was analysed in four of the 12 varieties in a series across the development of the hop cone. RESULTS Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in VPS, seven of which were synonymous. The two non-synonymous polymorphisms did not appear to be related to typical bitter acid profiles of the varieties studied. However, real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of VPS expression during hop cone development showed a clear link with the bitter acid content. The highest levels of VPS expression were observed in two triploid varieties, 'Symphony' and 'Ember', which typically have high bitter acid levels. CONCLUSIONS In all hop varieties studied, VPS expression was lowest in the leaves and an increase in expression was consistently observed during the early stages of cone development.
System Diagnosability Analysis Using p-slop MAP

Researchers have reported successful deployments of diagnosis decision support systems based on Bayesian networks. However, the methodology for evaluating the diagnosability for such systems has not been sufficiently addressed, which consequently hinders the pace of full embracement of such systems. In this paper, we propose a methodology to analyze diagnosability for diagnosing multiple faults for systems with multi-valued discrete variables. Our analysis procedure is based on computing the configurations, p-slop MAP, for the top p percent of posterior joint distribution for faults given evidence. p-slop MAP enables us to extend diagnosability measures beyond those developed in system diagnosis literature. Our analysis results can help not only design for diagnosability, but also for developing new diagnostic procedures for systems in service.
Design of Linear Functional Observers for Time-Delay Systems of the Neutral-Type

This paper presents the design of reduced-order linear functional observers for a class of linear time-delay systems of the neutral-type. The type of the observer proposed in this paper is without internal delay and its order is the same as the number of linear functions to be estimated. First, conditions for the existence of the reduced-order functional observers that are capable of asymptotically estimating any given function of the state vector are derived. Then, based on the newly derived existence conditions, a procedure is given for the determination of the observer parameters. The results derived in this paper include a range of linear systems and extend some existing results of linear functional observers to linear neutral delay systems. A numerical example is given to illustrate the design procedure.
The halo mass function from the dark ages through the present day

We use an array of high-resolution N-body simulations to determine the mass function of dark matter haloes at redshifts 10-30. We develop a new method for compensating for the effects of finite simulation volume that allows us to find an approximation to the true 'global' mass function. By simulating a wide range of volumes at different mass resolution, we calculate the abundance of haloes of mass 10 5-12 h -1 M ⊙ . This enables us to predict accurately the abundance of the haloes that host the sources that reionize the Universe. In particular, we focus on the small mass haloes (≥10 5.5-6 h -1 M ⊙ ) likely to harbour Population III stars where gas cools by molecular hydrogen emission, early galaxies in which baryons cool by atomic hydrogen emission at a virial temperature of ∼10 4 K (∼10 7.5-8 h -1 M ⊙ ), and massive galaxies that may be observable at redshift ∼10. When we combine our data with simulations that include high-mass haloes at low redshift, we find that the best fit to the halo mass function depends not only on the linear overdensity, as is commonly assumed in analytic models, but also on the slope of the linear power spectrum at the scale of the halo mass. The Press-Schechter model gives a poor fit to the halo mass function in the simulations at all epochs; the Sheth-Tormen model gives a better match, but still overpredicts the abundance of rare objects at all times by up to 50 per cent. Finally, we consider the consequences of the recently released WMAP 3-yr cosmological parameters. These lead to much less structure at high redshift, reducing the number of z = 10 'mini-haloes' by more than a factor of two and the number of z=30 galaxy hosts by nearly four orders of magnitude. Code to generate our best-fitting halo mass function may be downloaded from http://icc.dur. ac.uk/Research/PublicDownloads/genmf.readme. html.
An epidemiological approach to study fatigue in the working population: the Maastricht Cohort Study

In 1998, a large scale prospective cohort study of prolonged fatigue in the working population was started in the Netherlands. The ultimate goal of this Maastricht Cohort Study was to identify risk factors involved in the aetiology and natural course of prolonged fatigue in the working population and to develop preventive measures and treatments that can be used in occupational health settings. In this paper, a conceptual model for epidemiological research on prolonged fatigue is presented. This model is the basis for the Maastricht Cohort Study. Alongside the model and design, the characteristics of the study population, the prevalence and one year cumulative incidence of prolonged fatigue, as well as its relation with secondary health outcomes (psychological distress, need for recovery, and burnout) are presented. Furthermore, model, design, and the presented results are discussed.
Impacts of Language Use, Family, School, and Neighborhood on Mental Distress: Analyzing Data on Immigrant Youth in California

본 연구는 미국내의 이민 청소년들의 정신 건강적 특징과 이민 경험을 파악하고, 이들의 심리적 피로감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 생태체계적 관점에서 분석하는 것이다. 캘리포니아 헬스 인터뷰 서베이(CHIS)로부터 미국에서 태어나지 않은 이민청소년 348명에 대한 데이터 정보를 분석에 사용하였다. 이민 청소년들의 심리적 피로감에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 개인 특성(나이, 성별, 인터뷰 언어, 미국 거주 기간), 가정(어른의 보살핌, 가정에서 사용하는 언어), 학교(학교에서의 지지, 또래 괴롭힘 유무), 그리고 지역사회 수준의 변수(이웃간 응집도)들을 위계적 다중 회귀모형을 통하여 분석하였다. 이민청소년들의 평균연령은 14. 5세(표준편차= 1.7)이고 여성이 53.4%를 차지하였다. 응답자들 가운데 31.6%가 인터뷰 언어로 영어가 아닌 다른 언어를 사용하였고, 72.7%가 집에서 영어를 사용하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 대상자의 거의 절반에 가까운 48.6%가 미국에서 10년이상 거주하는 것으로 보고하였고, Kessler 등(2004)이 제시한 기준을 적용하면, 약 2%의 이민 청소년들이 심리적 피로감 검사에서 점수 13점 이상의 심각한 심리적 피로감을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 인터뷰 언어로 영어가 아닌 다른 언어를 사용했을 경우, 집에서는 영어를 사용하는 경우, 학교에서 지지와 지원이 높은 수준일 경우, 또래 괴롭힘을 당한 경험이 없는 경우, 그리고 이웃간의 응집도가 높은 수준일 경우 이민청소년들은 심리적 피로감이 낮게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과들은 이민청소년들의 정신건강에 영향을 미치는 사용 언어, 그리고 학교와 이웃관련 요인들을 다룬 선행 연구와 이론에 함의를 제공한다. 또한 학교와 지역사회의 실천현장에서 이민청소년의 새로운 환경에 대한 적응 과정에서 겪게 되는 심리적 피로감을 감소시키기 위한 효과적인 프로그램과 서비스 개발의 필요성 또한 강조한다.
The EU-25 Emissions from Road Transport and Ground Level Ozone Air Pollution at Rural Mountain Sites in Slovakia

Road transport sector produces a significant quantity of ground level ozone (O3) precursors. Relevant abatement of exhaust emissions has been achieved in Europe during last decades due to environmental policy. Presented results indicate relatively weak response of key O3 precursors decrease: NOx (-40%), NMVOC (-69%), and CO (-63%) from the EU-25 road transport to O3 concentration at background site Stará Lesná in Slovakia for time period 1992-2005. At this site mean annual O3 concentration varies around 63.4 μg m -3 and detected slight decrease of -0.89 μg m -3 /decade is not statistically significant. Furthermore, high O3 concentrations occurred in the High Tatra Mts region during the August 2003 heat wave which showed an important impact of long-range air pollution on air quality of Slovak mountain region. More studies will be needed to specify the role of meteorological and environmental factors in the transport and transformation of emissions from large urban regions to remote sites.