Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In situ stress and pore pressure in the Kumano Forearc Basin, offshore SW Honshu from downhole measurements during riser drilling

In situ stress and pore pressure are key parameters governing rock deformation, yet direct measurements of these quantities are rare. During Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition #319, we drilled through a forearc basin at the Nankai subduction zone and into the underlying accretionary prism. We used the Modular Formation Dynamics Tester tool (MDT) for the first time in IODP to measure in situ minimum stress, pore pressure, and permeability at 11 depths between 729.9 and 1533.9 mbsf. Leak‐off testing at 708.6 mbsf conducted as part of drilling operations provided a second measurement of minimum stress. The MDT campaign included nine single‐probe (SP) tests to measure permeability and in situ pore pressure and two dual‐packer (DP) tests to measure minimum principal stress. Permeabilities defined from the SP tests range from 6.53 × 10−17 to 4.23 × 10−14 m2. Pore fluid pressures are near hydrostatic throughout the section despite rapid sedimentation. This is consistent with the measured hydraulic diffusivity of the sediments and suggests that the forearc basin should not trap overpressures within the upper plate of the subduction zone. Minimum principal stresses are consistently lower than the vertical stress. We estimate the maximum horizontal stress from wellbore failures at the leak‐off test and shallow MDT DP test depths. The results indicate a normal or strike‐slip stress regime, consistent with the observation of abundant active normal faults in the seaward‐most part of the basin, and a general decrease in fault activity in the vicinity of Site C0009.
Economic analysis and policy implications of farm and off-farm employment : a case study in the Tigray region of Northern Ethiopia

The central item of this research is the impact of off-farm employment and income on farm households and agricultural production. The interaction between farm and non-farm activities, the adjustment of labor demand and supply, the performance of the labor market, and wage determination are analysed using a farm household model with liquidity constraints. The analysis provides a new insight into the role of off-farm income in risky and less dynamic agriculture (as opposed to dynamic and less risky agriculture). The study shows that off-farm income can be complementary to farm income if farm households are constrained in their borrowing. Imposing liquidity constraints into the standard farm household model proves this theoretically. This is tested empirically using farm household survey data collected from Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Farm households with more diversified sources of income have a higher agricultural productivity. Expenditure on farm input is dependent not only on agricultural production, but also on off-farm income because of capital market imperfections (borrowing constraints). Farmers involved in better paying off-farm activities such as masonry, carpentry and trading are in a better position to hire farm labor. The wage rates for off-farm work vary across agricultural seasons and skill requirements. Hence, wage rates respond to forces of demand and supply. Increased expenditure on variable farm inputs is found to increase the demand for and supply of farm labor. The farm households have an upward sloping off-farm labor supply, but the supply of off-farm labor is wage inelastic. Due to entry barriers, relatively wealthy farm households dominate the most lucrative rural non-farm activities such as masonry, carpentry and petty trade. Although the study focuses on Northern Ethiopia, most conclusions can have a wider application in the other parts of the country and in many of the Sub-Saharan African countries where agriculture is not dynamic and the capital market is highly imperfect.
Formation of Neurons by Non‐Neural Adult Stem Cells: Potential Mechanism Implicates an Artifact of Growth in Culture

Trans‐differentiation is a mechanism proposed to explain how tissue‐specific stem cells could generate cells of other organs, thus supporting the emerging concept of enhanced adult stem cell plasticity. Although spontaneous cell fusion rather than trans‐differentiation may explain some unexpected cell fate changes in vivo, such a mechanism does not explain potential trans‐differentiation events in vitro, including the generation of neural cell types from cultured bone marrow‐derived stem cells. Here we present evidence that shows that cultured bone marrow‐derived stem cells express neural proteins and form structures resembling neurons under defined growth conditions. We demonstrate that these changes in cell structure and neural protein expression are not consistent with typical neural development. Furthermore, the ability of bone marrow‐derived stem cells to adopt a neural phenotype in vitro may occur as a result of cellular stress in response to removing cells from their niche and their growth in alternative environmental conditions. These findings suggest a potential explanation for the growth behavior of cultured bone marrow‐derived stem cells and highlight the need to carefully validate the plasticity of stem cell differentiation.
Capturing The Information Conveyed By Opponents' Betting Behavior in Poker

This paper develops an approach to the capture and measurement of the information contained in opponents' bet actions in seven card stud poker. We develop a causal model linking downcards with hand strength, thence to bet actions. The model can be inverted to infer probability distributions over possible downcards from bet actions, given knowledge of opponents' bet policies. For experimental purposes, we propose a simple yet plausible "default" bet policy including deceptive plays. In simulated games, this apparatus is used to compare the Kullback-Leibler information measure between inference of players' hand strength based on dealt cards and players' bet actions, versus inference of hand strength based on dealt cards only. We experimentally associate the K-L divergences with the win-lose rates for simulated players who either do or do not exploit knowledge of opponents' bet actions. Opponent inference carries up to a 36% information advantage over a cards-only player playing the same betting policy, and is worth on the order of . 15 bets/hand
Silver film deposited over large-area self-assembled array of silica nanospheres as ultrasensitive SERS substrate

We have demonstrated an approach to prepare ultrasensitive surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate via depositing Ag over silica (SiO2) nanospheres array template by magnetron sputtering. The nanospheres self-assembled on slightly-tilted silicon (Si) substrate with low-temperature thermal treatment. Large-area uniform Ag nanoclusters array was obtained with 40nm Ag covered the nanospheres (360nm in diameter). Ultrasensitivity was verified by successfully detection of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) with a limit of 10−11M.
Using mobile agents and overlay networks to secure electrical networks

The use of wandering, mobile agents can provide a robust approach for managing, monitoring, and securing electrical distribution networks. However, the topological structure of an electrical network can affect the agents' ability to monitor the network. For example, if the multi-agent system relies on a regular inspection rate (on average, points of interest are inspected with equal frequency), then locations that are not well connected within the network will on average be inspected less frequently. This results in lower observability into network operations and it also allows issues, either simple faults or adversarial actions, to persist longer in the network before they can be identified and addressed. This paper discusses creation and use of overlay networks that create a virtual grid graph that can provide faster coverage and a more uniform average agent sampling rate. Using overlays, agents wander a virtual neighborhood consisting of points of interest that are interconnected in a regular fashion (each point has the same number of neighbors). Experimental results show that using an overlay can often provide better network coverage and a uniform inspection rate, which can improve cyber security by providing a faster detection of threats.
Finding Word Substitutions Using a Distributional Similarity Baseline and Immediate Context Overlap

This paper deals with the task of finding generally applicable substitutions for a given input term. We show that the output of a distributional similarity system baseline can be filtered to obtain terms that are not simply similar but frequently substitutable. Our filter relies on the fact that when two terms are in a common entailment relation, it should be possible to substitute one for the other in their most frequent surface contexts. Using the Google 5-gram corpus to find such characteristic contexts, we show that for the given task, our filter improves the precision of a distributional similarity system from 41% to 56% on a test set comprising common transitive verbs.
Comparison of thermally driven circulations from a depth-coordinate model and an isopycnal-layer model. Part II : The difference and structure of the circulations

Thermally driven ocean circulations in idealized basins are calculated with two well-known model codes, one based on depth-level coordinates and the other based on isopycnal coordinates. In addition, the two models have very different representations of convection. In the level-coordinate model, convective adjustment is used, while in the isopycnal-coordinate model, convection is simulated by a transformation of the surface layer to the layer below. Both models indicate a three-layer structure in the circulation. The lower and middle layers have a flow structure that corresponds with the classical abyssal circulation models. The upper flow is strongly constrained by the buoyancy flux field at the upper surface and the convective parameterization. The model with convective adjustment and level coordinates is dominated by an eastward flow, which sinks to subsurface level at the eastern boundary. It lacks any indication of a surface cyclonic flow, even in the vicinity of sinking at the northern wall. On the other hand, in the model based on density coordinates the eastward surface flow turns to the north at the eastern boundary and forms a pronounced cyclonic circulation at high latitudes. Due to the cyclonic circulation, the coldest surface water is found near the northwestern corner, while in the level model the coldest water is near the northeastern corner. The isopycnal model appears to be a more realistic representation of the real ocean since both wind and the thermohaline circulation are thought to contribute to the North Atlantic subarctic cyclonic gyre. Although the zonally averaged buoyancy flux produced by the two model codes is the same, the actual patterns of buoyancy flux at the surface are not similar at high latitudes. This suggests that the two types of numerical models would indicate very different air‐sea interaction if coupled to atmospheric models and used to simulate climate. The application of the Gent‐McWilliams parameterization of mesoscale eddies to the model with z coordinates and convective adjustment reduces the differences between the surface circulation of the two models by a small amount.
Micro‐X‐ray absorption near edge structure determination of Fe3+/ΣFe in omphacite inclusion within garnet from Dabie eclogite, East‐Central China

The Fe K‐edge micro‐X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of omphacite included within garnet from the Dabie eclogites, east‐central China, were measured to estimate the oxidation state of iron in omphacite. The micro‐XANES analyses of omphacite inclusions within garnet yield higher Fe3+/ΣFe ratios of 0.18 to 0.59 than those of 0.00 to 0.31 calculated by charge balance from electron microprobe analyses. The estimated temperatures of garnet‐clinopyroxene pairs from 10 eclogites using Fe3+ and Fe2+ contents calculated by charge balance are 603 to 1078°C except one sample. The temperatures calculated using micro‐XANES‐measured Fe3+ and Fe2+ contents are 530–918°C except one sample. Along the north–south cross‐section in the study area, the estimated temperatures based on the charge balance calculation of Fe3+ tend to be identical or higher than temperatures estimated based on the calculation of Fe3+ using the XANES technique. Seven of the micro‐XANES measurements give approximate temperatures from 500°C to 700°C, and three of the measurements give temperatures of more than 800°C. Those three samples contain higher XGrs corresponding to the distribution coefficient of garnet‐clinopyroxene pairs. The pressure and temperature results estimated by the garnet‐clinopyroxene‐phengite geothermobarometers are mostly in subsolidus conditions, suggesting that there is no extensive melting in eclogite. The present study represents a new temperature calibration based on Fe3+ estimates in omphacite inclusion within garnet based on the XANES analysis, which is taken into account.
Validation of a Commercial Insulated Isothermal PCR-based POCKIT Test for Rapid and Easy Detection of White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection in Litopenaeus vannamei

Timely pond-side detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) plays a critical role in the implementation of bio-security measures to help minimize economic losses caused by white spot syndrome disease, an important threat to shrimp aquaculture industry worldwide. A portable device, namely POCKIT™, became available recently to complete fluorescent probe-based insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR), and automatic data detection and interpretation within one hour. Taking advantage of this platform, the IQ Plus™ WSSV Kit with POCKIT system was established to allow simple and easy WSSV detection for on-site users. The assay was first evaluated for its analytical sensitivity and specificity performance. The 95% limit of detection (LOD) of the assay was 17 copies of WSSV genomic DNA per reaction (95% confidence interval [CI], 13 to 24 copies per reaction). The established assay has detection sensitivity similar to that of OIE-registered IQ2000™ WSSV Detection and Protection System with serial dilutions of WSSV-positive Litopenaeus vannamei DNA. No cross-reaction signals were generated from infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), monodon baculovirus (MBV), and hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV) positive samples. Accuracy analysis using700 L. vannamei of known WSSV infection status shows that the established assayhassensitivity93.5% (95% CI: 90.61–95.56%) and specificity 97% (95% CI: 94.31–98.50%). Furthermore, no discrepancy was found between the two assays when 100 random L. vannamei samples were tested in parallel. Finally, excellent correlation was observed among test results of three batches of reagents with 64 samples analyzed in three different laboratories. Working in a portable device, IQ Plus™ WSSV Kit with POCKIT system allows reliable, sensitive and specific on-site detection of WSSV in L. vannamei.
A Kernel-Based Calculation of Information on a Metric Space

Kernel density estimation is a technique for approximating probability distributions. Here, it is applied to the calculation of mutual information on a metric space. This is motivated by the problem in neuroscience of calculating the mutual information between stimuli and spiking responses; the space of these responses is a metric space. It is shown that kernel density estimation on a metric space resembles the k-nearest-neighbor approach. This approach is applied to a toy dataset designed to mimic electrophysiological data.
Personal Exposure to Ultrafine Particles and Oxidative DNA Damage

Exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs) from vehicle exhaust has been related to risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease and cancer, even though exposure assessment is difficult. We studied personal exposure in terms of number concentrations of UFPs in the breathing zone, using portable instruments in six 18-hr periods in 15 healthy nonsmoking subjects. Exposure contrasts of outdoor pollution were achieved by bicycling in traffic for 5 days and in the laboratory for 1 day. Oxidative DNA damage was assessed as strand breaks and oxidized purines in mononuclear cells isolated from venous blood the morning after exposure measurement. Cumulated outdoor and cumulated indoor exposures to UFPs each were independent significant predictors of the level of purine oxidation in DNA but not of strand breaks. Ambient air concentrations of particulate matter with an aero-dynamic diameter of ≤10 μm (PM10), nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and/or number concentration of UFPs at urban background or busy street monitoring stations was not a significant predictor of DNA damage, although personal UFP exposure was correlated with urban background concentrations of CO and NO2, particularly during bicycling in traffic. The results indicate that biologic effects of UFPs occur at modest exposure, such as that occurring in traffic, which supports the relationship of UFPs and the adverse health effects of air pollution.
Antioxidant Status in Curcumin Treated Rats in Experimental Mammary Carcinogenesis

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of curcumin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in DMBA (7, 12 Diemthyl Benanthracene) induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Twenty four Sprague-Dawley rats were equally distributed to control, DMBA, Tamoxifen (Standard drug) and curcumin groups. DMBA group showed significant (P<0.05) increase in lipid peroxidation and antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels besides reduced glutathione (GSH). Whereas, curcumin and Tamoxifen treated groups did not show any significant difference in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status when compared to the control. Selective growth advantage of tumour cells was evident in the DMBA group and curcumin was able to prevent lipid peroxidation.
Establishing a Traceability Links Between The Source Code And Requirement Analysis, A Survey on Traceability

In the system and source code development, we develop a source code and documentation is mainly in natural language. The Continuous and frequent development require proper requirements change management Traceability is essential for management of change and analysis of its impact. This research paper presents a technique in the domain of traceability we believe that the application-domain knowledge that programmer's process when writing the code is often captured by the mnemonics for identifiers, the analysis of these mnemonics can help to associate high-level concepts with program concepts and vice-versa. We propose a method based on information retrieval for traceability links between source code and free text documents. Here we use information retrieval techniques for establishing a links between source code and requirement, documentation and latent semantic indexing, is used to automatically identify traceability links from system code. Traceability is the most important for software project and when we use this there are much benefits for the development. When we develop a source code for any system then that source code is traceable and identical with the requirement and analysis because we develop a source code as per the requirement. A traceability links is formed between the source code and requirement. For the proper execution of the system. Requirement traceability helps the software engineers to trace a requirement from its emergence to its fulfillment. Traceability would not help us knowing how different components of systems are dependent on each other in the system. We will also fail to find the impact of change to the software and system, a major goal of traceability, in absence of Origin- Requirements and Other Artifacts-Other Artifacts traceability links. Therefore we argue that a definition of traceability must all the aspects of traceability in terms of scope and coverage. The importance and benefits of recovering and managing traceability links between software artifacts during software evolution has been long establish in the research community and industry. Most such methods consist of several key steps organized in a pipeline architecture, where the output from each step constitutes the input for the next one.
Contact‐dependent growth inhibition requires the essential outer membrane protein BamA (YaeT) as the receptor and the inner membrane transport protein AcrB

Contact‐dependent growth inhibition (CDI) is a phenomenon by which bacterial cell growth is regulated by direct cell‐to‐cell contact via the CdiA/CdiB two‐partner secretion system. Characterization of mutants resistant to CDI allowed us to identify BamA (YaeT) as the outer membrane receptor for CDI and AcrB as a potential downstream target. Notably, both BamA and AcrB are part of distinct multi‐component machines. The Bam machine assembles outer membrane β‐barrel proteins into the outer membrane and the Acr machine exports small molecules into the extracellular milieu. We discovered that a mutation that reduces expression of BamA decreased binding of CDI+ inhibitor cells, measured by flow cytometry with fluorescently labelled bacteria. In addition, α‐BamA antibodies, which recognized extracellular epitopes of BamA based on immunofluorescence, specifically blocked inhibitor–target cells binding and CDI. A second class of CDI‐resistant mutants identified carried null mutations in the acrB gene. AcrB is an inner membrane component of a multidrug efflux pump that normally forms a cell envelope‐spanning complex with the membrane fusion protein AcrA and the outer membrane protein TolC. Strikingly, the requirement for the BamA and AcrB proteins in CDI is independent of their multi‐component machines, and thus their role in the CDI pathway may reflect novel, import‐related functions.
Exploiting Wikipedia inlinks for linking entities in queries

Given a knowledge base, annotating any text with entities in the knowledge base enhances automated understanding of the text. Entities provide extra contextual information for the automated system to understand and interpret the text better. In the special case when the text is in the form of short text queries, automated understanding can be critical in improving the quality of search results and recommendations. Annotation of queries helps semantic retrieval, ensuring diversity of search results including retrieval of relevant news stories. In this paper, we present SIEL@ERD, a system for automated stamping of entity information in short query text. Our system builds from the state-of-the-art TAGME system and is optimized for time and performance efficiency. Our system achieved an F1 measure of 0.53 and the latency of 0.31 seconds on a dataset of 500 queries and a Freebase snapshot provided for the short track in the Entity Recognition and Disambiguation Challenge at SIGIR 2014.
Scalable optimal planning of sensor networks for hospital assets tracking

An optimization framework is proposed to plan a sensor network in hospital environments aimed at tracking medical assets. The framework is based on three modules: the first module defines the critical levels of the hospital locations based on the assets movements and criticality; the second module models the coverage characteristics of the sensors; the third module, based on the outputs of the previous ones, determines the optimal sensor placements. The modular optimization framework can be used for heterogeneous network technologies. The paper is based on the work in [1], which is substantially improved in terms of scalability to render the framework suitable for real applications. Simulation results are presented, considering a case-study based on the plan of the cardiology department of the “San Camillo” hospital in Rome and on interviews with the personnel.