Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Graphical Methods for Defense Against False-Data Injection Attacks on Power System State Estimation

The normal operation of power system relies on accurate state estimation that faithfully reflects the physical aspects of the electrical power grids. However, recent research shows that carefully synthesized false-data injection attacks can bypass the security system and introduce arbitrary errors to state estimates. In this paper, we use graphical methods to study defending mechanisms against false-data injection attacks on power system state estimation. By securing carefully selected meter measurements, no false data injection attack can be launched to compromise any set of state variables. We characterize the optimal protection problem, which protects the state variables with minimum number of measurements, as a variant Steiner tree problem in a graph. Based on the graphical characterization, we propose both exact and reduced-complexity approximation algorithms. In particular, we show that the proposed tree-pruning based approximation algorithm significantly reduces computational complexity, while yielding negligible performance degradation compared with the optimal algorithms. The advantageous performance of the proposed defending mechanisms is verified in IEEE standard power system testcases.
Improved port knocking with strong authentication

It is sometimes desirable to allow access to open ports on a firewall only to authorized external users and present closed ports to all others. We examine ways to construct an authentication service to achieve this goal, and then examine one such method, "port knocking", and its existing implementations, in detail. We improve upon these existing implementations by presenting a novel port knocking architecture that provides strong authentication while addressing the weaknesses of existing port knocking systems
Isotope Effects on Chemical Shifts in the Study of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds

The paper deals with the use of isotope effects on chemical shifts in characterizing intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Both so-called resonance-assisted (RAHB) and non-RAHB systems are treated. The importance of RAHB will be discussed. Another very important issue is the borderline between “static” and tautomeric systems. Isotope effects on chemical shifts are particularly useful in such studies. All kinds of intramolecular hydrogen bonded systems will be treated, typical hydrogen bond donors: OH, NH, SH and NH+, typical acceptors C=O, C=N, C=S C=N−. The paper will be deal with both secondary and primary isotope effects on chemical shifts. These two types of isotope effects monitor the same hydrogen bond, but from different angles.
Positive PN Closures

We introduce a modification to the standard spherical harmonic closure used with linear kinetic equations of particle transport. While the standard closure is known to produce negative particle concentrations, the modification corrects this defect by requiring that the ansatz used to close the equations itself be a nonnegative function. We impose this requirement via explicit constraints in a quadratic optimization problem.
A Generalized Framework for Revealing Analogous Themes across Related Topics

This work addresses the task of identifying thematic correspondences across sub-corpora focused on different topics. We introduce an unsupervised algorithmic framework based on distributional data clustering, which generalizes previous initial works on this task. The empirical results reveal interesting commonalities of different religions. We evaluate the results through measuring the overlap of our clusters with clusters compiled manually by experts. The tested variants of our framework are shown to outperform alternative methods applicable to the task.
Edge-avoiding À-Trous wavelet transform for fast global illumination filtering

We present a fast and simple filtering method designed for ray traced Monte Carlo global illumination images which achieves real-time rates. Even on modern hardware only few samples can be traced for interactive applications, resulting in very noisy outputs. Taking advantage of the fact that Monte Carlo computes hemispherical integrals that may be very similar for neighboring pixels we derive a fast edge-avoiding filtering method in screen space using the À-Trous wavelet transform that operates on the full noisy image and produces a result that is close to a solution with many more samples per pixel.
Glaciation-induced variations in the Earth's precession frequency, obliquity and insolation over the last 2.6 Ma

Summary We compute, using many-body orbital integration routines, perturbations in the Earth's orbital elements (e.g. precession frequency, obliquity) and solar insolation associated with predicted, glaciation-influenced, time-series of the precession constant H(t). The time-series are computed, in an a priori calculation, using spherically symmetric, self-gravitating, Maxwell viscoelastic earth models, gravitationally self-consistent ocean loads and two ice models constrained to yield eustatic sea-level variations that match the observed fluctuations in oxygen isostope records over the last 0.8 and 2.6 Ma. We also perform a series of orbital integrations that assume a time-independent perturbation to the precession constant, relative to the present-day value, for periods extending over the last 12 Ma. Recent analyses have suggested that the relationship between the precession constant and precession frequency may depart significantly from linearity in the event that glaciation-induced perturbations to H reduce it by more than 0.15 per cent from its present-day value. We confirm this suggestion; however, we also show that the glaciation-induced perturbations to the dynamic ellipticity of the planet must remain at this level for more than 6 Ma in order for the non-linearity, which is linked to an external forcing associated with the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn, to have a significant effect on the precession frequency. In the case of integrations extending over only the last 2.6 Ma we have parametrized our main results in terms of a simple linear scaling with the logarithm of lower-mantle viscosity (vLM). In the range 2 times 1021≤vLM≤ 1023 Pa s, and assuming the form a+b(log vLM - 21.3), the constants (a, b) for the mean relative perturbation to the precession constant, and the perturbations to the precession frequency and the frequency of the obliquity variation are (relative to the present-day values): (-0.0003, -0.86), (-0.01 ′′yr-1, -0,05′′ yr-1) and (-0.01′′ yr-1, -0.05′′ yr-1) The rate of change of the temporal shift between our prediction of the mean daily solar insolation at a high-latitude geographic site, relative to the nominal solution, maybe parametrized using the same form with (-0.1 ka Ma-1, -0.8 ka Ma-1). We also present preliminary results for the influence of ‘climatic friction’ on the secular trend in the obliquity over the last 2.6 Ma. We find that this rate may be as high as 0.06° Ma-1. However, plausibly small values of the lag time between insolation variations and ice-sheet growth reduce this trend significantly. As a final point, predictions of glaciation-induced perturbations to the precession constant described herein are consistent with those presented in our earlier, more limited, analyses (Mitrovica, Pan & Forte 1994; Mitrovica & Forte 1995), but they disagree with subsequent predictions by Peltier & Jiang (1994) and Jiang & Peltier (1996). We show that the latter set of predictions (and the conclusions based upon them) are in error.
Market performance and competition: A product life cycle model

The paper introduces a new simulation model of market dynamics by integrating several concepts of evolutionary economics. In the course of market evolution various changes take place of which the emergence of consumers’ preferences and of the knowledge that is needed to meet these preferences with appropriate products are the most important ones. In order to model the market evolution and the resulting changes, Dosi’s concept of technological paradigms and Winter’s concept of technological regimes are integrated into a product life cycle model. The simulations performed with this model help to understand how the dynamics of market evolution shapes market performance and competition. The results of the simulation runs show a much more differentiated picture than economic intuition suggests. Moreover, it gives useful hints for innovation policy.
True Grit: Trait-Level Perseverance and Passion for Long-Term Goals Predicts Effectiveness and Retention among Novice Teachers

Background/Context Surprisingly little progress has been made in linking teacher effectiveness and retention to factors observable at the time of hire. The rigors of teaching, particularly in low-income school districts, suggest the importance of personal qualities that have so far been difficult to measure objectively. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study In this study, we examine the predictive validity of personal qualities not typically collected by school districts during the hiring process. Specifically, we use a psychological framework to explore how biographical data on grit, a disposition toward perseverance and passion for long-term goals, explains variance in novice teachers’ effectiveness and retention. Research Design In two prospective, longitudinal samples of novice teachers assigned to schools in low-income districts (N = 154 and N = 307, respectively), raters blind to outcomes followed a 7-point rubric to rate grit from information on college activities and work experience extracted from teachers’ résumés. We used independent-samples, t-tests, and binary logistic regression models to predict teacher effectiveness and retention from these grit ratings as well as from other information (e.g., SAT scores, college GPA, and interview ratings of leadership potential) available at the time of hire. Conclusions/Recommendations Grittier teachers outperformed their less gritty colleagues and were less likely to leave their classrooms midyear. Notably, no other variables in our analysis predicted either effectiveness or retention. These findings contribute to a better understanding of what leads some novice teachers to outperform others and remain committed to the profession. In addition to informing policy decisions surrounding teacher recruitment and development, this investigation highlights the potential of a psychological framework to explain why some individuals are more successful than others in meeting the rigorous demands of teaching.
Incremental case-based plan recognition with local predictions

We present a novel case-based plan recognition method that interprets observations of plan behavior using an incrementally constructed case library of past observations. The technique is novel in several ways. It combines plan recognition with case-based reasoning and leverages the strengths of both. The representation of a plan is a sequence of action-state pairs rather than only the actions. The technique compensates for the additional complexity with a unique abstraction scheme augmented by pseudo-isomorphic similarity relations to represent indices into the case base. Past cases are used to predict subsequent actions by adapting old actions and their arguments. Moreover, the technique makes predictions despite observations of unknown actions. This paper evaluates the algorithms and their implementation both analytically and empirically. The evaluation criteria include prediction accuracy at both an abstract and a concrete level and across multiple domains with and without case-adaptation. In each domain the system starts with an empty case base that grows to include thousands of past observations. Results demonstrate that this new method is accurate, robust, scalable, and general across domains.
High-density 3D electronic-photonic integration

Today's electronic photonic integration approaches involve various trade-offs between integration complexity, cost and performance, with no single approach being able to satisfy both the high-performance and low cost/complexity requirements. Luxtera's process [1] represents monolithic integration, which has low parasitics and customized photonics but slow transistors. Oracle's [2] and ST Micro [3] integrate photonic chips and electronic chips through face-to-face micro-bump/copper-pillar bonding, which enables fast transistors, optimized photonics but at the cost of high interconnection parasitics (both electrical wirebond to the outside world and chip-to-chip bumps) which limit the link performance. Another monolithic approach recently demonstrated monolithic integration of photonic components in an advanced process node (45nm SOI) [4] and offers the promise of high-speed transistors, low-parasitics, but somewhat constrained photonic devices. In this paper, we illustrate an alternative approach that we recently demonstrated, which aims to offer the best of both worlds by performing 3D integration of electronic and photonic wafers with very low interconnection parasitics. In Figure 1, we illustrate the process in which the photonic SOI wafer is oxide bonded face-to-face with the CMOS wafer (shown on the bottom). The substrate of the photonic wafer is then removed and connections between the CMOS wafer and the photonic wafer are established through tight-pitch shallow (depth less than 7um) through-oxide vias (TOVs). The parasitic capacitance of the TOV is estimated to be around 3fF from on-chip de-embedding structures. This is critical to improved energy efficiency of the transmitter and receiver sensitivity to optical power. In comparison, the capacitance of the micro-bump/copper-pillar connection is at least 10x larger. Figure 2 illustrates one of the chip templates in this electronic-photonic development platform. This chip template hosts 16 complete photonic transceiver modules, each implemented to enable up to 8 different modulators and photo-detectors to be tested with the same electronic back-end, to aid in process characterization and device development. Each front-end in this multi-cell macro consists of the modulator driver with serializer and thermal-tuning lock circuitry, a receiver with deserializer and thermal lock circuitry and a common digital back-end for data-generation, link performance monitoring and configuration. This development platform template yields 1000s of functional photonic components as well as 16M transistors per chip module. Figure 3 illustrates a full optical chip-to-chip link is demonstration. The transmitter operates at 6Gb/s with an energy cost of 100fJ/bit and the receiver at 7Gb/s with a sensitivity of 26μA (-14.5dBm) and 340fJ/bit energy consumption. A full 5Gb/s chip-to-chip link, with the on-chip calibration and self-test, is demonstrated over a 100m single mode optical fiber with 560fJ/bit of electrical and 4.2pJ/bit of optical energy.
Exposing ambiguities in a relation-extraction gold standard with crowdsourcing

Semantic relation extraction is one of the frontiers of biomedical natural language processing research. Gold standards are key tools for advancing this research. It is challenging to generate these standards because of the high cost of expert time and the difficulty in establishing agreement between annotators. We implemented and evaluated a microtask crowdsourcing approach that can produce a gold standard for extracting drug-disease relations. The aggregated crowd judgment agreed with expert annotations from a pre-existing corpus on 43 of 60 sentences tested. The levels of crowd agreement varied in a similar manner to the levels of agreement among the original expert annotators. This work rein-forces the power of crowdsourcing in the process of assembling gold standards for relation extraction. Further, it high-lights the importance of exposing the levels of agreement between human annotators, expert or crowd, in gold standard corpora as these are reproducible signals indicating ambiguities in the data or in the annotation guidelines.
Retrospective analysis of TGF-β 1 expression in patients with thyroidectomy.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and thyroid lesions by retrospective analysis in patients with thyroidectomy. METHODS Immunohistochemical analyses of TGF-β1 were performed with 120 archived formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded thyroid resection tissue samples that included 60 cases of thyroid cancers (papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma), 14 cases of nodular goiter (NG), 16 cases of thyroid adenoma, 15 cases of Graves disease, 15 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. RESULTS The pathological analysis of resection thyroid showed a high coincidence with that diagnosed by preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), with coincidence rate of 84.48%. The results showed that the expressions of TGF-β1 in the thyroid cancers were significantly higher than in other benign thyroid lesions and normal thyroid tissues (P < 0.05). Moreover, high expression of TGFβ1 was found to closely related with the occurrence of thyroid cancers, while there was no significant difference of TGFβ 1 expression between different thyroid cancers. CONCLUSION The overexpression of TGF-β1 is associated with the occurrence of thyroid cancer, which can be used as a candidate for the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid cancer.
Assimilating Satellite SST Observations into a Diurnal Cycle

The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is one of the most important properties governing the exchange of energy between the atmosphere and ocean and as such it is of paramount importance in air-sea flux calculations. Satellites now provide accurate SST measurements over the global ocean. These can be derived from either microwave or infrared instruments. These observations can be merged together (see below) and assimilated into ocean models. However satellite derived measurements, in-situ observations, and modelled output represent temperatures at different depths in the near surface. Observations also occur at various times throughout the day. The effects of diurnal variability of SST are not usually quantified and can cause biases. In this work we develop an ocean model capable of providing diurnal warming estimates, these estimates are then improved by using a new method to assimilate satellite observations into the diurnal cycle model. 2. Diurnal Variability
Multiscale non-linear video content decomposition: Analysis and evaluation

In this paper, we theoretically analyze the efficiency of a multiscale non-linear video decomposition scheme, which is used for progressive retrieval and navigation of video sequences (hierarchical summarization). In particular, the efficiency is expressed as the difficulty for a user to locate a relevant video segments, while moving through different levels of hierarchy. It is proved that multiscale video organization is more efficient than the sequential one, even in the worst case where the organization is not performed on a visual content perception basis. However, much greater improvement is achieved in case that video organization is accomplished with respect to the human perception of the visual content based on visual content classification algorithms. Experimental evaluation of multiscale organization is presented with respect to sequential scanning for different visual content organization and video decomposition methods.
Bone Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma

About one-third of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have bone metastasis that are often osteolytic and cause substantial morbidity, such as pain, pathologic fracture, spinal cord compression and hypercalcemia. The presence of bone metastasis in RCC is also associated with poor prognosis. Bone-targeted treatment using bisphosphonate and denosumab can reduce skeletal complications in RCC, but does not cure the disease or improve survival. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of tumor-induced changes in the bone microenvironment is needed to develop effective treatment. The “vicious cycle” hypothesis has been used to describe how tumor cells interact with the bone microenvironment to drive bone destruction and tumor growth. Tumor cells secrete factors like parathyroid hormone-related peptide, transforming growth factor-β and vascular endothelial growth factor, which stimulate osteoblasts and increase the production of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). In turn, the overexpression of RANKL leads to increased osteoclast formation, activation and survival, thereby enhancing bone resorption. This review presents a general survey on bone metastasis in RCC by natural history, interaction among the immune system, bone and tumor, molecular mechanisms, bone turnover markers, therapies and healthcare burden.
Sensorless Control for Dynamic Testing of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

This thesis investigates if it is possible to use the dynamic braking test method together with sensorless control. A literature study is conducted about different sensorless methods in order to find methods that fits the application. From the literature study are two sensorless methods implemented and simulated in Matlab Simulink. The results from the simulations shows that when using the two methods together it is possible to test a PMSM in all possible current combinations. However for some current combinations are the rotor position estimation not perfect which leads to less accuracy for the results from the dynamic braking test method.
Automatic answer ranking based on sememe vector in KBQA

This paper proposes an answer ranking method used in Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) system. This method first extracts the features of predicate sequence similarity based on sememe vector, predicates’ edit distances, predicates’ word co-occurrences and classification. Then the above features are used as inputs of the ranking learning algorithm Ranking SVM to rank the candidate answers. In this paper, the experimental results on the data set of KBQA system evaluation task in the 2016 Natural Language Processing & Chinese Computing (NLPCC 2016) show that, the method of word similarity calculation based on sememe vector has better results than the method based on word2vec. Its accuracy, recall rate and average F1 value respectively are 73.88%, 82.29% and 75.88%. The above results show that the word representation with knowledge has import effect on natural language processing.
Quantification of Nonlinear Valve Stiction Model Using Compound Evolution Algorithms

The presence of oscillations in a control loop increases the deviations from the set point of the process variables, thus causing inferior products, larger rejection rates, increased energy consumption and reduced average throughput. There are several reasons for oscillations in control loops. They may be caused by excessively high controller gains, oscillating disturbances or interactions, but a very common reason for oscillations is friction in control valves. It is important to early detect valve stiction so that appropriate action can be taken to relieve the situation. In this paper a hybrid algorithm combines the fundamental elements of standard Genetic Algorithms with those proposed by Nelder and Mead in their Simplex algorithm. A nonlinear dynamic model consisting of a linear process and a nonlinear control valve with stiction is established. This approach involves obtaining easily measurable variables and using this information to estimate a set of unknown model parameters. By means of the hybrid algorithms proposed, the detailed procedure for the parameter identification with actual system’s input-output data are given. The effectiveness of identification is verified by the comparison between actual values of system and model in different situations.