Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KDEVIR at ImageCLEF 2015 Scalable Image Annotation, Localization, and Sentence Generation task: Ontology based Multi-label Image Annotation

In this paper, we describe our participation in the Image- CLEF 2015 Scalable Concept Image Annotation task. In this participa- tion, we propose an approach of image annotation by using ontology at several steps of supervised learning with noisy unlabeled data. In this regard, we construct tree-like ontology for each annotating concept of images using WordNet and Wikipedia. The constructed ontologies are exploited throughout the proposed framework including several phases of training and testing of one-vs-all SVM classiers. Several classiers are trained on local or global visual features separately and results are ensemble using the classiers' probability scores. The result turns out that our system achieves an average performance in this task.
Transient Fault Tolerance for ccNUMA Architecture

Transient fault is a critical concern in the reliability of microprocessors system. The software fault tolerance is more flexible and lower cost than the hardware fault tolerance. And also, as architectural trends point toward multi core designs, there is substantial interest in adapting parallel and redundancy hardware resources for transient fault tolerance. The paper proposes a process-level fault tolerance technique, a software centric approach, which efficiently schedule and synchronize of redundancy processes with ccNUMA processors redundancy. So it can improve efficiency of redundancy processes running, and reduce time and space overhead. The paper focuses on the researching of redundancy processes error detection and handling method. A real prototype is implemented that is designed to be transparent to the application. The test results show that the system can timely detect soft errors of CPU and memory that cause the redundancy processes exception, and meanwhile ensure that the services of application is uninterrupted and delay shortly.
Exploiting Eigenvalues of the Hessian Matrix for Volume Decimation

In recent years the Hessian matrix and its eigenvalues became important in pattern recognition. Several algorithms based on the information they provide have been introduced. We recall the relationship between the eigenvalues of Hessian matrix and the 2nd order edge detection filter, show the usefulness of treating them separately and exploit these facts to design a combined threshold operation to generate sparse data sets.
Gene Expression Profile in the Liver of BALB/c Mice Infected with Fasciola hepatica

Background Fasciola hepatica infection still remains one of the helminthic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). It has a huge worldwide distribution, affecting mainly cattle and, sometimes, human beings. In addition to data reported about the immunological response induced by helminthic infections and that induced by Fasciola hepatica, little is known about the gene expression profile in its organ target, the liver, which is where adult worms are established and live for long periods of time, causing its characteristic pathology. In the present work, we study both the early and late gene expression profiles in the livers of mice infected with F. hepatica metacercariae using a microarray-based methodology. Methodology A total of 9 female-6-week-old BALB/c mice (Charles River Laboratories, Barcelona, Spain) weighing 20 to 35 g were used for the experiments. Two groups of BALB/c mice were orally infected with seven F. hepatica metacercariae, and the other group remained untreated and served as a control. Mice were humanely euthanized and necropsied for liver recovery, histological assessment of hepatic damage, RNA isolation, microarray design and gene expression analysis on the day of infection (t0), seven days post-infection (t7) and twenty-one days post-infection (t21). Results We found that F. hepatica infection induces the differential expression of 128 genes in the liver in the early stage of infection and 308 genes in the late stage, and most of them are up-regulated. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed significant changes in the pathways related to metabolism, biosynthesis and signaling as well as genes implicated in inducing liver-toxicity, injury and death. Conclusion The present study provides us insights at the molecular level about the underlying mechanisms used by F. hepatica, leading to liver damage and its subsequent pathophysiology. The expression pattern obtained here could also be used to explain the lack of association between infection with F. hepatica and cholangiocarcinoma. However, more studies should be performed to confirm this hypothesis.
A Questionnaire Analysis of the Asch Experiment without Using Confederates

Without using confederates, Mori and Arai (2010) replicated the Asch results with 40 male and 64 female Japanese undergraduates in same-sex groups of four. One from each foursome wore a different type of polarizing sunglasses so that he/she observed the standard lines differently form the other three participants, who played the same role as the majority in the Asch experiments. As expected, the minority participants tended to conform to the majority. There was a gender difference: the female minority participants conformed, but the males did not. The present study reported the qualitative findings from analysis of the responses on a questionnaire administered in the Mori and Arai experiments. It revealed that female participants who conformed more than the males were less confident and felt more isolated and anxious than the males.
Pervasive transcription: detecting functional RNAs in bacteria

Pervasive, or genome-wide, transcription has been reported in all domains of life. In bacteria, most pervasive transcription occurs antisense to protein-coding transcripts, although recently a new class of pervasive RNAs was identified that originates from within annotated genes. Initially considered to be non-functional transcriptional noise, pervasive transcription is increasingly being recognized as important in regulating gene expression. The function of pervasive transcription is an extensively debated question in the field of transcriptomics and regulatory RNA biology. Here, we highlight the most recent contributions addressing the purpose of pervasive transcription in bacteria and discuss their implications.
Two-and-a-Half-Year-Olds’ Memory for Sources of Actions: Contextual Support Facilitates Recall

This research examines the early emergence of source-monitoring abilities. Previous research has consistently demonstrated that children as young as 3 to 4 years of age do well on simple versions of action-based source-monitoring tasks. Research on even younger children, however, remains lacking. In this study we examined whether 2½-year-olds could accurately recall source on a simplified task. For the procedure, we used an action-based task in which children collaborate with an experimenter to build a model farm. During construction, the child and the experimenter took turns placing items on the farm. After construction, children were administered a source memory test in which they were asked to recall who had placed each item. To more closely examine factors that influence source accuracy in this young population, we included two conditions that varied in terms of contextual support. In the no-context-cues condition, in line with typical source-monitoring tasks, children were asked the source test question while items were presented individually and the farm was not in view. In the context-cues condition, the original spatial array of farm items was left intact to provide additional cues for children's source decisions. The main finding was that children in both conditions showed high levels of source accuracy at test indicating a surprisingly early age of emergence for this ability. Also, as predicted, children in the context-cues condition were the most accurate in attributing source.
Activists, Experts and Intellectuals: A 1950s rural network

Abstract This paper explores the public stance and the internal dynamics of a loosely coupled network of rural activists, experts and intellectuals who engaged with issues relating to the provision of higher education and the management of water resources in the Riverina during the 1950s. There has been a considerable body of writing about intellectuals, and relationships between intellectuals and experts. But most of this writing has not had a rural focus, and has generally not acknowledged that the same people might function interchangeably as experts, intellectuals or activists, depending on the different institutional structures within which they are operating, or on the different audiences which they are seeking to address. Some writers have also questioned whether social activism is compatible with the intellectual mission. The paper emphasises the fluidity of the roles of the various network members, and contends that engagement was critical to their effectiveness. However, engagement produced tension between these roles on some occasions, and exposed at least one of the network members to pressure from within his own organisation.
An Exploratory Study of Factors Contributing to Divorce Among Married Couples in Accra, Ghana: A Qualitative Approach

Against the backdrop that divorce is increasingly becoming a public health problem in Ghana, especially in urban areas, a qualitative approach was used to explore the possible reasons for divorce among 12 Ghanaian divorcees living in the urban area of Accra. Participants selected purposively were made up of 4 males and 8 females between the ages of 32 and 45 years, with a mean age of 36.5. Findings showed that the period of honeymooning provided a context that either destabilized or stabilized the union. Nonsubmissiveness, inadequate love and affection, and lack of trust were identified as the main reasons for divorce. Participants expressed mixed feelings about early expectations from marriage and a sense of regret and stigmatization after the dissolution of the marriage. Postmarital counseling should be encouraged to help address possible problems that are likely to arise and destabilize couples during the course of the marriage.
Temporal analysis of pathogenic events in virulent and avirulent Brucella melitensis infections

Despite progress in mouse models of brucellosis, much remains unknown regarding Brucella dissemination and tissue localization. Here, we report the dynamics of Brucella infection in individual mice using bioluminescent Brucella melitensis. Bioluminescent imaging of infected interferon regulatory factor‐1 knockout (IRF‐1–/–) mice identified acute infection in many tissues. Brucella was found to replicate in the salivary glands of IRF‐1–/– and wild‐type C57BL/6 mice suggesting a previously unknown tissue preference. Establishing a niche in this region may have relevance in humans where infection can result from ingestion of few bacteria. Sublethal infection of IRF‐1–/– mice resulted in chronic Brucella localization in tail joints, an infection parallel to osteoarticular brucellosis in humans. Importantly, bioluminescent imaging rapidly identified attenuated EZ::TN/lux mutants in infected mice and revealed differences in dissemination, thereby defining the contribution of Brucella genes to virulence and tissue localization. Surprisingly, a virB mutant, though defective in persistence, disseminated similarly to virulent Brucella, suggesting bacterial spread is independent of VirB proteins that are important for intracellular survival. Together, our results reveal kinetics of acute and chronic Brucella infection in individual mice that parallels human infection as well as readily identified attenuated bacteria. Our approach facilitates identifying virulence determinants that may control tissue specific replication and may help develop therapeutics to overcome Brucella‐induced chronic debilitating conditions.
Changing gears in the Cell Cycle: Histoblasts and beyond

Although the molecular elements controlling cell cycle progression are well established, the mechanisms regulating how cell proliferation is triggered in response to extrinsic stimuli and how cell divisions change speed, particularly in stem or tumor cells or regenerative tissues, are poorly understood. One exceptional model system in which these events are precisely defined is Drosophila abdominal morphogenesis, in which stem-like histoblasts build the adult epidermis at metamorphosis by undergoing a series of sequential transitions from a non-proliferative to a growing, and finally to an invasive epithelium. We have recently uncovered in histoblasts an internal logic modulating cell cycle transitions that should constitute a reference paradigm for the study of other equivalent processes in stem cell, cancer or developmental biology.
Evaluation of 3D mesh segmentation using a weighted version of the Ochiai index

Despite several decades of research into 3D segmentation techniques and a diversity of methods and approaches proposed in the literature, comparing and evaluating the quality of this segmentation method is still a challenging task to achieve. In this paper, an objective evaluation metric suitable for evaluation of 3D segmentation quality and based on the Ochiai index, is proposed to enrich the stat of the art of this kind of method. In the proposed work, we adapt the Ochiai index to be able to compare an automatic segmentation with a ground truth one. The main added value of our method is the ability to treat regular and irregular meshes along with the ability to compare one automatic segmentation with many reference segmentations, these two functionalities, improve the performance of the proposed method and add more reliability to the obtained scores. Several experimental tests and a comparison with some commonly used methods have been made to show the potential and the performance of this approach.
Quantitation of Fas and Fas ligand gene expression in human ovarian, cervical and endometrial carcinomas using real-time quantitative RT-PCR

Alterations in the expression of Fas (CD95/APO-1) and its ligand (FasL) have been demonstrated in various types of cancers as a mechanism for tumour cell to escape from the immune system. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of the Fas and FasL genes in a wide range of primary gynaecological carcinomas. These included 31 ovarian, 29 cervical and 25 endometrial carcinoma tissues as well as four ovarian and three cervical carcinoma cell lines. Our real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that down-regulation of Fas expression is more prominent than the up-regulation of FasL expression in all types of gynaecological cancer studied. This down-regulation of Fas expression was also true for the seven carcinoma cell lines. Only one cervical carcinoma cell line, DoT, exhibited a high level of FasL expression. These results indicated that down-regulation of Fas expression is a common abnormality in many types of cancers including gynaecological cancers, whereas an increase in FasL expression is not a common phenomenon in these cancers. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
Monitoring and analysis of the change process in curriculum mapping compared to the National Competency-based Learning Objective Catalogue for Undergraduate Medical Education (NKLM) at four medical faculties. Part II: Key factors for motivating the faculty during the process

Objective: After adoption of the National Competency-based Learning Objectives Catalogue in Medicine [Nationaler Kompetenzbasierter Lernzielkatalog Medizin, NKLM], the German medical faculties are asked to test the learning obejctives recorded in it and evaluate them critically. The faculties require curricular transparency for competence-oriented transition of present curricula, which is best achieved by systematic curriculum mapping in comparison to the NKLM. Based on this inventory, curricula can be further developed target-oriented. Considerable resistance has to be expected when a complex existing curriculum is to be mapped for the first time and a faculty must be convinced of its usefulness. Headed by Tübingen, the faculties of Freiburg, Heidelberg, Mannheim and Tübingen rose to this task. This two-part article analyses and summarises how NKLM curriculum mapping was successful at the locations despite resistance. Part I presented the resources and structures that supported implementation. Part II focuses on factors that motivate individuals and groups of persons to cooperate in the faculties. Method: Both parts used the same method. In short, the joint project was systematically planned following the steps of project and change management and adjusted in the course of the process. From the beginning of the project, a Grounded-Theory approach was used to systematically collect detailed information on measures and developments at the faculties, to continually analyse them and to draw final conclusions. Results: At all sites, faculties, teachers, students and administrative staff were not per se willing to deal with the NKLM and its contents, and even less to map their present curricula. Analysis of the development reflected a number of factors that had either a negative effect on the willingness to cooperate when missing, or a positive one when present. These were: clear top-down and bottom-up management; continuous information of the faculty; user-oriented support in the mapping process by reduction of the mapping categories, portioning and condensation of the NKLM via student pre-mapping (blueprint) and visibility of growing consent. Apart from that, there were a series of frequent questions, objections and concerns that could be countered strategically and by argumentation. They particularly referred to relevance, benefit, feasibility and effort of curriculum mapping. Conclusion: An overview of beneficial framework conditions, strategies and results from different points of view is achieved and interrelations are made visible. Based on literature results, the motivating factors as well as their implementation and effects in the faculties involved are critically reflected on. Recommendations can be derived that can support other faculties in practice.
Emotion, Hemispheric Specialization, and Visual and Verbal Memory for Television Messages

This article investigates variations in visual and verbal memory for television messages as a function of the emotional valence of the message. It is theorized that emotional processing is lateralized, with positive emotions receiving greater left-brain processing and negative emotions greater right-brain processing. Because the left brain is the primary locus for verbal information processing and the right brain is the primary locus for visual-spatial processing, it is hypothesized that memory for negative emotional messages will be more visual than verbal, whereas memory for positive emotional messages will be more verbal than visual. This hypothesis is tested at the encoding and recall stages of processing by measuring subjects' recall and recognition for messages that vary in emotional valence. Results suggest that message valence may be related to the amount of visual or verbal information encoded. However, the effect is less evident at the retrieval stage.
The Groningen Social Disabilities Schedule: Development, relationship with I.C.I.D.H., and psychometric properties

Most of the existing instruments for the assessment of social dysfunctioning of psychiatric patients are merely lists of precoded items, leaving little or no room for posing supplementary questions. In this article a new, semi-structured questionnaire--the Groningen Social Disabilities Schedule (GSDS)--is described, in which this shortcoming is met. The development of the GSDS is based on social role theory and on the existence of a hierarchy in social disabilities, demonstrated in an earlier World Health Organization study. Compatibility was sought with the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH), a trial-classification of the World Health Organization, to be used in research on the consequences of illness. It is concluded that the inter-rater reliability of the GSDS is good. To a large extent the hierarchy proved to hold true for this instrument. Some implications for future research and for the ICIDH are discussed.
The STAMPede approach to thread-level speculation

Multithreaded processor architectures are becoming increasingly commonplace: many current and upcoming designs support chip multiprocessing, simultaneous multithreading, or both. While it is relatively straightforward to use these architectures to improve the throughput of a multithreaded or multiprogrammed workload, the real challenge is how to easily create parallel software to allow single programs to effectively exploit all of this raw performance potential. One promising technique for overcoming this problem is Thread-Level Speculation (TLS), which enables the compiler to optimistically create parallel threads despite uncertainty as to whether those threads are actually independent. In this article, we propose and evaluate a design for supporting TLS that seamlessly scales both within a chip and beyond because it is a straightforward extension of write-back invalidation-based cache coherence (which itself scales both up and down). Our experimental results demonstrate that our scheme performs well on single-chip multiprocessors where the first level caches are either private or shared. For our private-cache design, the program performance of two of 13 general purpose applications studied improves by 86% and 56%, four others by more than 8%, and an average across all applications of 16%---confirming that TLS is a promising way to exploit the naturally-multithreaded processing resources of future computer systems.
Assessing the reliability of standardized performance indicators.

OBJECTIVE . To investigate the reliability of self-reported standardized performance indicators introduced by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations in July 2002 and implemented in approximately 3400 accredited US hospitals. The study sought to identify the most common data quality problems and determine causes and possible strategies for resolution. DESIGN Data were independently reabstracted from a random sample of 30 hospitals. Reabstracted data were compared with data originally abstracted, and discrepancies were adjudicated with hospital staff. Structured interviews were used to probe possible reasons for abstraction discrepancies. RESULTS The mean data element agreement rate for the 61 data elements evaluated was 91.9%, and the mean kappa statistic for binary data elements was 0.68. The rate of agreement for individual data elements ranged from 100 to 62.4%. The mean difference between calculated indicator rates was 4.88% (absolute value) and the range of differences was 0.0-13.3%. Symmetry of disagreement among original abstractors and reabstractors identified eight indicators whose differences in calculated rates were statistically unlikely to have occurred through random chance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Although improvement in the accuracy and completeness of the self-reported data is possible and desirable, the baseline level of data reliability appears to be acceptable for indicators used to assess and improve hospital performance on selected clinical topics.
Wireless TCP performance with link layer FEC/ARQ

We investigate the performance of TCP Tahoe and NewReno on wireless links with a FEC/ARQ protocol at the link layer. The effect of link layer (LL) parameters like the LL packet size, number of LL transmission attempts, and FEC code rate on the TCP throughput is evaluated. It is shown that the retransmissions at the link layer must persist long enough to outlast the average bad state duration of the Rayleigh fading process in order to achieve performance better than TCP without an ARQ at the link layer. It is further shown that with a suitable link layer in place, TCP Tahoe offers as high a throughput as offered by other enhanced versions like NewReno in the considered wireless environment.