Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Archiving scientific data

Archiving is important for scientific data, where it is necessary to record all past versions of a database in order to verify findings based upon a specific version. Much scientific data is held in a hierachical format and has a key structure that provides a canonical identification for each element of the hierarchy. In this article, we exploit these properties to develop an archiving technique that is both efficient in its use of space and preserves the continuity of elements through versions of the database, something that is not provided by traditional minimum-edit-distance diff approaches. The approach also uses timestamps. All versions of the data are merged into one hierarchy where an element appearing in multiple versions is stored only once along with a timestamp. By identifying the semantic continuity of elements and merging them into one data structure, our technique is capable of providing meaningful change descriptions, the archive allows us to easily answer certain temporal queries such as retrieval of any specific version from the archive and finding the history of an element. This is in contrast with approaches that store a sequence of deltas where such operations may require undoing a large number of changes or significant reasoning with the deltas. A suite of experiments also demonstrates that our archive does not incur any significant space overhead when contrasted with diff approaches. Another useful property of our approach is that we use XML format to represent hierarchical data and the resulting archive is also in XML. Hence, XML tools can be directly applied on our archive. In particular, we apply an XML compressor on our archive, and our experiments show that our compressed archive outperforms compressed diff-based repositories in space efficiency. We also show how we can extend our archiving tool to an external memory archiver for higher scalability and describe various index structures that can further improve the efficiency of some temporal queries on our archive.
Evaluation of constraint methodologies applied to a shallow-flaw cruciform bend specimen tested under biaxial loading conditions

A technology to determine shallow-flaw fracture toughness of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels is being developed for application to the safety assessment of RPVs containing postulated shallow surface flaws. Matrices of cruciform beam tests were developed to investigate and quantify the effects of temperature, biaxial loading, and specimen size on fracture initiation toughness of two-dimensional (constant depth), shallow surface flaws. The cruciform beam specimens were developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to introduce a prototypic, far-field. out-of-plane biaxial stress component in the test section that approximates the nonlinear stresses resulting from pressurized-thermal-shock or pressure-temperature loading of an RPV. Tests were conducted under biaxial load ratios ranging from uniaxial to equibiaxial. These tests demonstrated that biaxial loading can have a pronounced effect on shallow-flaw fracture toughness in the lower transition temperature region for RPV materials. The cruciform fracture toughness data were used to evaluate fracture methodologies for predicting the observed effects of biaxial loading on shallow-flaw fracture toughness. Initial emphasis was placed on assessment of stress-based methodologies. namely, the J-Q formulation, the Dodds-Anderson toughness scaling model, and the Weibull approach. Applications of these methodologies based on the hydrostatic stress fracture criterion indicated an effect of loading-biaxiality on fracture toughness, the conventional maximum principal stress criterion indicated no effect.
Asymptotic performance of wireless communications with generalized selection combining

In this paper, we study the asymptotic performance of generalized selection combining (GSC) over different fading channels for large average signal-to-noise ratio (ASNR). Employing a moment generating function (MGF) method and the polynomial approximation of the fading channel probability density function (pdf), we derive general asymptotic MGF expressions for the GSC output SNR over generalized independent fading channels. The diversity and coding gains for GSC over different fading channels are derived. Our analytical results reveal that the diversity gain of GSC is equivalent to that of maximum ratio combining (MRC), for different modulations and generalized fading channels. We also show that the difference in the coding gains for different modulations is manifested in terms of a modulation factor defined in this paper, and thus the performance gaps between different modulations can be analytically predicted. Asymptotic performance gap between GSC and MRC is also studied in terms of the coding gain. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the application of the new results.
Proteome informatics I: Bioinformatics tools for processing experimental data

Bioinformatics tools for proteomics, also called proteome informatics tools, span today a large panel of very diverse applications ranging from simple tools to compare protein amino acid compositions to sophisticated software for large‐scale protein structure determination. This review considers the available and ready to use tools that can help end‐users to interpret, validate and generate biological information from their experimental data. It concentrates on bioinformatics tools for 2‐DE analysis, for LC followed by MS analysis, for protein identification by PMF, by peptide fragment fingerprinting and by de novo sequencing and for data quantitation with MS data. It also discloses initiatives that propose to automate the processes of MS analysis and enhance the quality of the obtained results.
Alife as a Model Discipline for Policy-Relevant Simulation Modelling: Might Worse Simulations Fuel a Better Science-Policy Interface?

Policy-relevant scientific models are typically expected to make empirically valid predictions about policy-relevant problems. What are the consequences of shaping our science-policy interface in this way? Here, it is argued that the theoretically insecure simulation modelling pioneered within artificial life is emblematic of an important alternative approach with significance for policy-relevant modelling.
Relationship between blood donors' iron status and their age, body mass index and donation frequency

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Regular blood donation may decrease body iron storage and lead to anemia. The aim here was to evaluate the iron status of Iranian male blood donors and the impact of age, body mass index (BMI) and donation frequency over one year, on iron status indices. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study at Tehran Blood Transfusion Center, Tehran, Iran. METHODS: Between July and September 2011, 117 male blood donors were selected and divided into four groups according to their frequency of blood donation. Thirty male non-donors were also recruited as controls after adjusting for age, weight, height, smoking habits and monthly income. Iron status indices and some criteria such as general health and dietary measurements were determined among all subjects. RESULTS: The values of the iron-related parameters were significantly lower among donors than among non-donors. Only total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was found to be significantly higher among different donor groups than in the controls. A significant positive correlation was observed between age and serum ferritin (SF) only among the donors who had donated once within the preceding year. The iron status indices did not show any significant relationship with BMI among donors or non-donors. CONCLUSION: A donation frequency of more than twice a year had a significant influence on iron-related parameters. Therefore, without annual measurement of these parameters, further phlebotomies may lead to iron deficiency and donor rejection in the future.
Morphological Richness Offsets Resource Demand – Experiences in Constructing a POS Tagger for Hindi

In this paper we report our work on building a POS tagger for a morphologically rich language- Hindi. The theme of the research is to vindicate the stand that- if morphology is strong and harnessable, then lack of training corpora is not debilitating. We establish a methodology of POS tagging which the resource disadvantaged (lacking annotated corpora) languages can make use of. The methodology makes use of locally annotated modestly-sized corpora (15,562 words), exhaustive morpohological analysis backed by high-coverage lexicon and a decision tree based learning algorithm (CN2). The evaluation of the system was done with 4-fold cross validation of the corpora in the news domain (www.bbc.co.uk/hindi). The current accuracy of POS tagging is 93.45% and can be further improved.
A computational fluid dynamics simulation study of coronary blood flow affected by graft placement†.

OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of graft placement and orientation on flow rates through a partially obstructed coronary artery. METHODS A numerical, parametric study of blood flow in the human coronary artery was conducted using computational fluid dynamics simulation. A cylindrical approximation of the coronary artery with varying degrees of stenosis, with and without a bypass graft, was modelled to determine trends in volumetric flow rates. Steady and transient simulations were conducted for geometric variations of percentage of blockage, length and shape of stenosis, graft position relative to the coronary blockage and graft orientation. Accurate simulations were performed using a non-Newtonian fluid model and pressure-driven viscous flow. RESULTS Simulations demonstrate, as expected, that total outlet flow rates of grafted arteries are consistently improved for upstream stenosis varying between 0 and 90% blockage. Grafts angled towards the artery provided increased total outflow. However, flow rates in the coronary artery upstream of the graft are substantially reduced in comparison with the non-grafted configuration due to competing flows. For some configurations (reduced blockage, graft placed close to long grafts), flow rates in the graft are below that of the flow rate through the stenosis. In general, a graft angled more towards the artery increased flow rates upstream of the graft. CONCLUSIONS Placement and orientation of a graft may adversely affect upstream flow, with the degree of effect dependent on geometric factors of downstream position and graft angle.
Topical Coherence in LDA-based Models through Induced Segmentation

This paper presents an LDA-based model that generates topically coherent segments within documents by jointly segmenting documents and assigning topics to their words. The coherence between topics is ensured through a copula, binding the topics associated to the words of a segment. In addition, this model relies on both document and segment specific topic distributions so as to capture fine grained differences in topic assignments. We show that the proposed model naturally encompasses other state-of-the-art LDA-based models designed for similar tasks. Furthermore, our experiments, conducted on six different publicly available datasets, show the effectiveness of our model in terms of perplexity, Normalized Pointwise Mutual Information, which captures the coherence between the generated topics, and the Micro F1 measure for text classification.
Gene expression profile identifies a rare epithelioid variant case of pleomorphic liposarcoma carrying FUS‐CHOP transcript

Aims : To describe a tumour with morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of epithelioid variant of pleomorphic liposarcoma. Pleomorphic liposarcoma is a very rare variant of liposarcoma defined morphologically by the presence of pleomorphic lipoblasts showing peculiar epithelial‐like features that can be confused with primary or metastatic carcinoma.
Software pipelining showdown: optimal vs. heuristic methods in a production compiler

This paper is a scientific comparison of two code generation techniques with identical goals --- generation of the best possible software pipelined code for computers with instruction level parallelism. Both are variants of modulo scheduling, a framework for generation of software pipelines pioneered by Rau and Glaser [RaG181], but are otherwise quite dissimilar.One technique was developed at Silicon Graphics and is used in the MIPSpro compiler. This is the production compiler for SGI's systems which are based on the MIPS R8000 processor [Hsu94]. It is essentially a branch--and--bound enumeration of possible schedules with extensive pruning. This method is heuristic because of the way it prunes and also because of the interaction between register allocation and scheduling.The second technique aims to produce optimal results by formulating the scheduling and register allocation problem as an integrated integer linear programming (ILP1) problem. This idea has received much recent exposure in the literature [AlGoGa95, Feautrier94, GoAlGa94a, GoAlGa94b, Eichenberger95], but to our knowledge all previous implementations have been too preliminary for detailed measurement and evaluation. In particular, we believe this to be the first published measurement of runtime performance for ILP based generation of software pipelines.A particularly valuable result of this study was evaluation of the heuristic pipelining technology in the SGI compiler. One of the motivations behind the McGill research was the hope that optimal software pipelining, while not in itself practical for use in production compilers, would be useful for their evaluation and validation. Our comparison has indeed provided a quantitative validation of the SGI compiler's pipeliner, leading us to increased confidence in both techniques.
Program to develop acoustic emission--flaw relationship for inservice monitoring of nuclear pressure vessels. Progress report, October 1, 1977--January 1, 1978

This program is directed to providing an experimental evaluation of detecting and analyzing flaw growth in reactor pressure boundaries through continuous monitoring for acoustic emission (AE). The investigation is currently limited to A533B, Class 1 material. Program primary objectives are: develop criteria for distinguishing significant flaws from innocuous sources; develop an AE-flaw damage model to serve as a basis for relating inservice AE to pressure vessel integrity. This report covers program work period October 1, 1977 to January 1, 1978. A room temperature fracture test was performed on a one-inch thick by six-inch wide single-edge notch (SEN) specimen. The results were similar to AE-fracture test data obtained on 2T-CT laboratory specimens in that the majority of AE occurred during crack propagation.
Humanoid teleoperation system for space environments

Our goal is to study collaborative working environments in which human and robotic agents can work together in the achievement of different tasks. The introduction of robots in the field of space applications becomes really useful when performing tasks that are too dangerous, too difficult or even impossible for humans. In this paper we present a teleoperation system for interacting with a humanoid robot in a space environment. A “lunar scenario” was built in which the HOAP-3 humanoid robot is able to detect and manipulate objects, with the help of a human operator. A human machine interface (HMI) and a high level command protocol have been developed for the teleoperation of the robot. The HMI allows an operator to control the robot movements and visualize the environment from robot cameras.
Escalation in IT projects: can we afford to quit or do we have to continue?

Many information technology (IT) projects fail. These projects are not within budget, not on time or do not deliver what was promised. Failures in IT projects are more common than failures in any other aspect of modern business. Whereas a large number of projects are obvious failures, some are not. A model of escalation-increasing commitment to a failing course of action-is used to analyze and explain one type of project failure, namely, those projects that seem to take on a life of their own, wasting scarce resources and in many cases never reaching the objectives they were set to fulfil. The paper argues that escalation as a cause of IT project failure has received too little attention in both practice and education. A small case is used to illustrate escalation in an IT project.
Special Section: Strategic and Competitive Information Systems

Eric K. Clemons is Professor of Operations and Information Management at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. His research and teaching interests include strategic information systems, the use of information systems in international securities markets, the impact of systems on consumer packaged goods distribution, and the impact of information technology on procurement and the use of interfirm markets for intermediate goods and services. He specializes both in assessing the competitive implications of information technology and in managing the risk of large-scale implementation efforts. In addition, Dr. Clemons is Project Director for the Reginald H. Jones Center's Sponsored Research Project on Information, Industry Structure, and Competitive Strategy. His education includes an S.B. in physics from MIT and an M.S. and Ph.D. in operations research from Cornell University. In addition to eighteen years on the faculties of Wharton, Cornell, and Harvard, Dr. Clemons has professional experience as a consultant in both the private and public sectors, and in executive education both domestically and abroad. Dr. Clemons is currently a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Management Information Systems, Information & Management, and the Computing Practices section of the Communications of the ACM, and serves on the Quality of Markets Advisory Board of the London Stock Exchange. Recent publications include "Information Technology and Industrial Cooperation: The Changing Economics of Coordination and Ownership," "Managing the Risks of Large Scale Systems Projects: Why So Many Reengineering Projects Fail Unnecessarily/* and "Evaluating Strategic Opportunities in Information Technology. "
Effect of the Interdiffusion at the Polymer/Polymer Interface on the Flexural Properties of Over-Moulded Short Glass Fibre/Glass Fabric Reinforced PA6 Composites

The injection over-moulding of 30wt% short glass fibre reinforced PA6 (SGF from Solvay Engineering Plastics) onto consolidated unbalanced (87/13) 70wt% glass fabric reinforced PA6 (Continuous Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastic (CFRT) from Solvay Engineering Plastics) was investigated with the objective to optimise the flexural and interlaminar shearing of the complex. Among the processing parameters, the temperature of the fabric before injection and the over-moulded melt temperature associated to the mould temperature (cooling rate of the complex) were revealed as the main parameters directing the mechanical properties of the complex. Moreover, the flexural modulus and the apparent interlaminar shear strength fall down critically in the main direction (chain direction of the fabric) under a CFRT temperature of 150°C. The effect of the SGF/CFRT interface was quantified in term of quadratic distance of diffusion through the interface. First, the 1D cooling of the complex was simulated according to the heat transfer module of COMSOL Multiphysics® in order to determinate the variation of the temperature field during the cooling stage of process. The calculations were achieved with an initial CFRT temperature of 23, 100, 150 and 200°C, the mould and SGF melt temperatures were kept constant. The diffusion theory has then been applied to calculate the variation of the auto-diffusion coefficient through the thickness during the complex cooling, the diffusion is supposed occurring only at a temperature above the PA6 crystallisation temperature (185°C). The calculation of the quadratic distance of diffusion through the thickness confirmed the mechanical results. Under a CFRT temperature of 150°C, the ability to the molecular diffusion at the interface becomes non-existent. The melt temperature of the SGF PA6 has to be sufficient to melt the CFRT PA6 interface, the time of diffusion directed by both the CFRT and mould temperatures (cooling rate) has to be long enough to allow the molecular diffusion from the material to the other.
Fifty years of progress in software engineering

In this paper, I describe a new outlook on the history of Software Engineering. I portray large-scale structures within Software Engineering to give a better understanding of the flow of history. I use these large-scale structures to reveal the steady, ongoing evolution of concepts, and show how they relate to the myriad whorls and eddies of change. I also have four smaller, more specific purposes in writing this paper.First, I want to point out that old ideas do not die. In The Mythical Man-Month after 20 Years, Brooks claims "the Waterfall Model is Wrong. " But if the Waterfall model were wrong, we would stop arguing over it. Though the Waterfall model may not describe the whole truth, it describes an interesting structure that occurs in many well-defined projects and it will continue to describe this truth for a long time to come. I expect the Waterfall model will live on for the next one hundred years and more.Second, I want to show that the Chaos model, Chaos life cycle, Complexity Gap, and Chaos strategy are part of the natural evolution of Software Engineering. The Chaos model and strategy supersede, but do not contradict, the Waterfall and Spiral models, and the Stepwise Refinement strategy. They are more up to date because they express contemporary issues more effectively, and fit our contemporary situations better. The Chaos model, life cycle, and strategy are equally as important, but not better than, other concepts.Third, I compare the Chaos model, life cycle, and strategy to other models, life cycles, and strategies. This paper can be considered a comparison of the ideas presented in my papers about chaos with other ideas in the field. I avoided comparisons in my other papers because I wanted to define those ideas in their own terms and the comparisons did not further the new ideas.Fourth, I make a few predictions about the next ten years of Software Engineering. The large-scale structures described in this history provide a stronger base for understanding how software engineering will evolve in the future.This paper is laid out as follows. In the first section, I use the flow of water as a metaphor to describe the flow of progress in Software Engineering. I use the Water metaphor to show some of the structures within Software Engineering. The current work builds on top of the historical work, and future work will build on top of current work. In the remaining sections, I describe the waves, streams, and tides that portray the evolution of concepts and technologies in Software Engineering.