Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Mistreatment or Belittlement among Medical Students – A Cross Sectional Survey at a Private Medical School in Karachi, Pakistan

Background Mistreatment or belittlement of medical students either by faculty or fellow students has often been reported. Perception of mistreatment has also been associated with increased degree of psychological morbidity. There is a lack of such studies being conducted amongst the medical students of Pakistan. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and forms of perceived mistreatment and presence of mental health morbidity in a private medical school in Pakistan. Also, any association between mental health morbidity and mistreatment was to be identified. Methods A cross sectional study was carried out on medical students from Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan during the period of June–September 2007. A self administered questionnaire, adapted from Frank et al and Baldwin et al was distributed to a total of 350 students. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: the first dealing with the demographics of the population, the second concerning the various forms of mistreatment, while the third assessed the mental health of students using the General Health Questionnaire 12(GHQ12). Descriptive statistics were performed. The Chi-square test and Fisher's exact tests were applied. Results A total of 350 students were approached out of which 232 completed the questionnaire giving a response rate of 66.2%. Mistreatment was reported by 62.5% (145/232) of the respondents. Of these, 69.7% (83/145) were males and 54.9% (62/145) were females. There was a significant relationship between gender, year division, stress at medical school and possible use of drugs/alcohol and reported mistreatment but no statistical relationship was seen with psychiatric morbidity. The overall prevalence of psychological morbidity was 34.8% (77/221). Conclusion This study suggests high prevalence of perceived mistreatment and psychological morbidity among Pakistani medical students. However, no association was found between these two aspects of medical student education. There is a need to bring about changes to make the medical education environment conducive to learning. Increased student feedback, support systems and guidance about progress throughout the year and the provision of adequate learning resources may provide help with resolving both of these issues.
Rule-based Policy Specification : State of the Art and Future Work

project deliverable D1, Working Group I2 - This report provides an overview of the existing approaches to logic and rule-based system behavior specification in the light of the peculiar needs of business and security rules. It identifies usage scenarios for rule based policies in a semantic web context and it outlines the possible directions of future research.
The Relationship between Self-Efficacy, Impulsiveness and Social Skills with Substance Abuse

The present research was conducted to determine the relationship between self-efficacy, impulsiveness and social skills with substance abuse in high school students. 400 male junior high school students were selected by cluster sampling method from 10 schools (40 students from each school) in Arak city during the academic year of 2010-2011 and completed the self-efficacy Scale (Sherer, 1982), Impulsiveness Scale (Barrat, 1994), Social Skills Questionnaire (Matson, 1983) and Substance Abuse Checklist (Karimi, 2010). Data analysis was done using the correlation method and both enter and step by step multivariable regression analysis. The results indicated that behavioral impulsivity and lower levels of social skills have meaningful contributions in predicting substance abuse among high school students. Also, behavioral impulsiveness, lower scores of self-efficacy, social skills, and lack of thinking and planning accounted significantly for the vulnerability of students towards substance abuse.
Note on an Alternative to Brainerd's Procedures for Observing the Developmental Sequence of Ordination before Cardination in Development of Number Concept

Brainerd (1973a, 1973b) determined that children attain ordination before cardination by using three separate assessment procedures. Two ordination tasks-involving three clay balls of differing weights for "heavier than/lighter than" and three lengths of wooden dowel for the relation "longer than/shorter thanu-assessed the ability to quantify transitive asymmetrical relations. Cardination was assessed by a non-counting decision as to whether matched sets of dots were in one-to-one or in many-to-one correspondence. , Recently Williams (1976) has suggcsred that an ordination before cardination response can also be observed by means of Plaget's (Bech & Piaget, 1966, pp. 260-261) model for the assessment of number concept development. The manifestation of the ordination before cardination response within Piaget's model is restricted to the period of a substage reported by Greco (Beth & Piaget, 1966, p. 260, fn. 1; Flavell, 1963, pp. 360-361) as occurring just prior to attainment of the concept of number-between the second and third stages. Ss making an ordination response before cardination begin by constructing a row of items containing the same number as and in one-to-one correspondence with a model row. These Ss ought to count the items in each row-if they do not do so spontaneously, they should be asked to-and will usually conclude that both rows are equivalent The perceptual correspondence of the items is then destroyed by lengthening or shortening one of the rows. Inquiry is then made about the quantitative equivalence of the rows and ought to include a request that Ss recount the items in the rows (ordination). An ordination response before cardination will be one in which Ss indicate an awareness that the "number name" of the items in each row is the same while also maintaining from their comparison or matching of the rows (cardination) that the quantities are not equivalenr. The ability to understand by means of the matching procedure thar there is a one-to-one correspondence of the items of both rows and/or that both rows are quantitatively equivalent would, according to Brainerd ( 1973a, 1973b), be a manifestation of the attainment of complete cardination and for Piaget an indication of the attainment of the concept of number. Thus, the developmental sequence of ordination before cardination can be observed by either Brainerd's or Piaget's procedures. However, it is useful to note thar Brainerd's ordination-cardination evaluation tasks also permit the observation of the three sequential developmental stages within both ordination and cardination.
A Saki Saga: Dynamic and Disruptive Relationships among Pithecia aequatorialis in Ecuador

Saki monkeys live in socially monogamous groups and in groups containing more than one same-sex adult. As part of a 10-year study of equatorial sakis (Pithecia aequatorialis) in Ecuador, we documented the immigration of a second adult male into a group containing a resident male-female pair that had associated with one another for seven years and the resident female's two daughters. In the first month after immigration, the resident male spent more time closer to and grooming his putative adult daughter than the resident female, and the two males were seen performing a cooperative territorial display. After two months, the resident male interacted more with the resident female than with his putative adult daughter, while that daughter interacted more with the immigrant male and copulated with him. After three months, the males left the group together and associated with an unfamiliar female, leaving the resident females and a neonate behind. The resident male then paired with a new female, while the immigrant male joined another group, again as a second male. Compared to other socially monogamous primates, sakis appear to have a more variable social system whereby additional males can join established groups and form relationships with putatively unrelated males.
Prefetching in File Systems for MIMD Multiprocessors

The question of whether prefetching blocks on the file into the block cache can effectively reduce overall execution time of a parallel computation, even under favorable assumptions, is considered. Experiments have been conducted with an interleaved file system testbed on the Butterfly Plus multiprocessor. Results of these experiments suggest that (1) the hit ratio, the accepted measure in traditional caching studies, may not be an adequate measure of performance when the workload consists of parallel computations and parallel file access patterns, (2) caching with prefetching can significantly improve the hit ratio and the average time to perform an I/O (input/output) operation, and (3) an improvement in overall execution time has been observed in most cases. In spite of these gains, prefetching sometimes results in increased execution times (a negative result, given the optimistic nature of the study). The authors explore why it is not trivial to translate savings on individual I/O requests into consistently better overall performance and identify the key problems that need to be addressed in order to improve the potential of prefetching techniques in the environment. >
Alcohol challenges in young men from alcoholic pedigrees and control families: a report from the COGA project.

OBJECTIVE Alcoholism is a complex disorder that demonstrates genetic heterogeneity. Genetic linkage studies of alcohol dependence also suffer from the probability that many individuals who inherit an enhanced risk never develop the clinical syndrome. Thus, studies of genetic influences in alcohol abuse or dependence would benefit from the identification of characteristics of an individual that are associated with the probability of developing the disorder. A reduced responsivity to alcohol has been reported to characterize almost 40% of sons of alcoholics and to predict future alcohol abuse or dependence a decade later. This study explores the existence of this characteristic in a more heterogeneous sample that is part of a genetic pedigree study of families of alcoholics. METHOD Eighteen to 30 year old subjects who were sons of alcohol dependent fathers and who were drinkers but not alcohol dependent were selected from pedigrees of alcoholics at all six sites of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) study. Family history negative controls matched on demography and substance use histories were selected for each subject. Data were obtained on 20 pairs of high-risk and low-risk men (40 subjects) following a challenge with 0.72 g/kg (0.9 ml/kg) of ethanol. Evaluations included measures of subjective feelings of intoxication and body sway, and changes in cortisol, ACTH and prolactin. RESULTS The data corroborate a lower level of intensity of response to alcohol in the sons of alcoholics especially as measured by changes in cortisol, with similar but less robust changes in subjective feelings and other measures. CONCLUSIONS The results expand upon earlier studies by using a more heterogeneous population of men at high alcoholism risk. The data highlight the possible usefulness of the reduced response to alcohol as an adjunct to future linkage analyses.
Learning and Structural Change in Macroeconomic Data

We include learning in a standard equilibrium business cycle model with explicit growth. We use the model to study how the economy's agents could learn in real time about the important trend-changing events of the postwar era in the U.S., such as the productivity slowdown, increased labor force participation by women, and the "new economy" of the 1990s. We find that a large fraction of the observed variance of output relative to trend can be attributed to structural change in our model. However, we also find that the addition of learning and occasional structural breaks to the standard and widely-used growth model results in a balanced growth puzzle, as our approach cannot completely account for observed trends in U.S. aggregate consumption and investment. Finally, we argue that a model-consistent detrending approach, such as the one we suggest here, is necessary if the goal is to obtain an accurate assessment of an equilibrium business cycle model.
IL-1RN VNTR Polymorphism in Adult Dermatomyositis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Polymorphisms in the cytokine genes and their natural antagonists are thought to influence the predisposition to dermatomyositis (DM) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of 86 bp in intron 2 of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) gene leads to the existence of five different alleles which cause differences in the production of both IL-1RA (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) and IL-1β. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the association between the IL-1RN VNTR polymorphism and the susceptibility to DM and SLE in Bulgarian patients. Altogether 91 patients, 55 with SLE and 36 with DM, as well as 112 unrelated healthy controls, were included in this study. Only three alleles were identified in both patients and controls ((1) four repeats, (2) two repeats, and (3) five repeats). The IL-1RN*2 allele (P = 0.02, OR 2.5, and 95% CI 1.2–5.4) and the 1/2+2/2 genotypes were found prevalent among the SLE patients (P = 0.05, OR 2.6, and 95% CI 1–6.3). No association was found between this polymorphism and the ACR criteria for SLE as well as with the susceptibility to DM. Our results indicate that the IL-1RN VNTR polymorphism might play a role in the susceptibility of SLE but not DM.
A Novel Faulty Phase Identification Algorithm and Fast DQ Transform Technique for Voltage Sag Detection

The disturbances created in AC transmission line power flow due to various faults and unavoidable natural circumstances have to be monitored carefully for uninterrupted power supply to the consumer and to avoid unacceptable situations. Voltage sag is one such unwanted disturbance occurring in the power system due to varying causes like lightning, loose connections, accidental short circuits, tree branches touching the line, birds hitting the line, etc., owing to non-recoverable damage to sensitive equipment in industries which also leads to financial losses. This paper proposes a new technique using DQ transform and integrator for fast voltage sag detection which is possible within 1/4th of a cycle and a new algorithm to identify the faulty phase. The authors are able to detect the voltage sag within the lowest time of 0.3ms for single-phase fault and 0.2ms for two-phase and three-phase faults. The simulation results for various types of power system faults with different point-on-waveform (POW) are presented using MATLAB/Simulink tool.
High-dimensional discriminant analysis and its application to color face images

Multilinear algebra plays an important role in signal processing. In this paper, a multilinear generalization of linear discriminant analysis is discussed. Similar to HOSVD, an iterative algorithm is developed for solving high-dimensional linear discriminant analysis. Meanwhile, a non-iterative algorithm is also proposed. In addition, HDLDA provides a unified framework for classical LDA and 2DLDA. Experimental results on color face images show the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method
Process Simulation of the Heating Phase during Conductive High‐Frequency Welding of Low‐Alloy Sheet‐Steel Blanks

The objective of the present study is the defined intervention in the process and system technology for controlling the current, temperature, and compressive stress functions over the entire length of the weld during high‐frequency welding of locally hardened materials. Special objectives of this study are to determine and optimise the effects on locally hardened material zones. An effective technique for analytically determining the effect of the system technology (for instance, the design of the clamping devices) on the target parameters under investigation is the finite element method. As an example, one of the FEM models developed within the scope of the current project for determining the current density and temperature distribution in the welded components is described in the present article.
Rethinking 'multi-user': an in-the-wild study of how groups approach a walk-up-and-use tabletop interface

Multi-touch tabletops have been much heralded as an innovative technology that can facilitate new ways of group working. However, there is little evidence of these materialising outside of research lab settings. We present the findings of a 5-week in-the-wild study examining how a shared planning application - designed to run on a walk-up-and-use tabletop - was used when placed in a tourist information centre. We describe how groups approached, congregated and interacted with it and the social interactions that took place - noting how they were quite different from research findings describing the ways groups work around a tabletop in lab settings. We discuss the implications of such situated group work for designing collaborative tabletop applications for use in public settings.
Why do we need personality diversity in software engineering?

Diversity of skills is good for society, it is also good in problem solving because different people see a problem from several pers-pectives, so diversity should be good for software engineering too. This study tackles a difficult to study aspect of software engineer-ing, that is, how to best associate personnel with the various tasks in a software project. The approach uses psychological types to determine who is best suited to particular development roles. The article has four main objectives: (1) to arouse awareness of human factors among software engineers; (2) to investigate how psycho-logical factors can contribute to their effectiveness at work; (3) to catalyze effort among software engineers leading towards a deeper understanding and broader applications of human factors in the light of the activities involving the engineering of software; and (4) to emphasize the important of skill diversity in the software engi-neering field. This article provides conceptual knowledge, reports findings, and presents both real and hypothesized beliefs from the software engineering community. Likewise, it is hoped that the article will motivate software engineers and psychologists to con-duct more research in the area of software psychology, so as to understand more profoundly the possibilities for increased effec-tiveness and fulfilment among software engineers
Specific inhibition of NF-Y subunits triggers different cell proliferation defects

Regulated gene expression is essential for a proper progression through the cell cycle. The transcription factor NF-Y has a fundamental function in transcriptional regulation of cell cycle genes, particularly of G2/M genes. In order to investigate common and distinct functions of NF-Y subunits in cell cycle regulation, NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC have been silenced by shRNAs in HCT116 cells. NF-YA loss led to a delay in S-phase progression, DNA damage and apoptosis: we showed the activation of the replication checkpoint, through the recruitment of Δp53 and of the replication proteins PCNA and Mcm7 to chromatin. Differently, NF-YB depletion impaired cells from exiting G2/M, but did not interfere with S-phase progression. Gene expression analysis of NF-YA and NF-YB inactivated cells highlighted a common set of hit genes, as well as a plethora of uncommon genes, unveiling a different effect of NF-Y subunits loss on NF-Y binding to its target genes. Chromatin extracts and ChIP analysis showed that NF-YA depletion was more effective than NF-YB in hitting NF-Y recruitment to CCAAT-promoters. Our data suggest a critical role of NF-Y expression, highlighting that the lack of the single subunits are differently perceived by the cells, which activate diverse cell cycle blocks and signaling pathways.
Strategies for personalizing the access to news servers

In this paper we discuss how we applied personalization techniques to the problem of accessing news servers on the internet. We describe the user mod- eling techniques that we adopted and we show how im- posing a (shallow) structure to the database of news allowed us to define strategies for personalizing the de- tail level of the presentation.
Three mechanisms for managing resource constraints in a library for constraint-based scheduling

ILOG SCHEDULE is a C++ library aimed at simplifying the development of industrial scheduling applications. SCHEDULE is based on SOLVER, a generic tool for object-oriented constraint programming. SCHEDULE includes three categories of predefined constraints: temporal constraints, capacity constraints, and resource utilization constraints. Three distinct mechanisms are available to deal with resource utilization constraints. The first mechanism relies on explicit time-tables to maintain information about the variations of resource utilization and resource availability over time. The second mechanism relies on a generic disjunctive constraint which ensures that incompatible activities (for example, activities which require a common resource of capacity 1) cannot overlap in time. The third mechanism, known as edge-finding, considers arbitrary tuples {A/sub 1/. A/sub n/} of activities to prove that some activity A/sub i/ must execute first, or must execute last, among {A/sub 1/. A/sub n/}. The edge-finding mechanism is a priori more CPU-time consuming than the two other mechanisms, but results in the assignment of more precise earliest and latest start and end times to activities. Each of the three mechanisms is useful, as the time-table and disjunctive mechanisms enable the expression of wider classes of constraints, while edge-finding is in general the most effective in pruning the search space.
Feature extraction based on LDAO algorithm in speechreading

In speech or speechreading recognition application, traditional LDA algorithm usually choose syllable, HMM state or other units as class unit. but the feature dimensionality reduction direction based on this traditional LDA has no direct relations with recognition accuracy. To this problem, An improved LDA algorithm based on Object (LDAO) which is fit for isolated words recognition in speechreading is proposed in this paper, LDAO choose the objects to be recognized as class unit to Linear Discriminant Analysis, which guarantees feature extraction follow the most discriminant directions among objects in theory. Subsequently, training and recognizing method for LDAO are also given. Experimental results on bimodel database showed that this algorithm is better than traditional LDA. Specifically, LDAO is better than DCT+LDA about 3%.
The 3A Personalized, Contextual and Relation-based Recommender System

This paper discusses the 3A recommender system that targets CSCL (computer-supported collaborative learning) and CSCW (computer-supported collaborative work) environments. The proposed system models user interactions in a heterogeneous graph. Then, it applies a personalized, contextual, and multi-relational ranking algorithm to simultaneously rank actors, activity spaces, and assets. The results of an empirical evaluation carried out on an Epinions dataset indicate that the proposed recommendation approach exploiting the trust and authorship networks performs better than user-based collaborative filtering in terms of recall
A comparative study of 4D-VAR and a 4D Ensemble Kalman Filter: perfect model simulations with Lorenz-96

ABSTRACT We formulate a four-dimensional Ensemble Kalman Filter (4D-LETKF) that minimizes a cost function similar to that in a 4D-VAR method. Using perfect model experiments with the Lorenz-96 model, we compare assimilation of simulated asynchronous observations with 4D-VAR and 4D-LETKF. We find that both schemes have comparable error when 4D-LETKF is performed sufficiently frequently and when 4D-VAR is performed over a sufficiently long analysis time window.We explore how the error depends on the time between analyses for 4D-LETKF and the analysis time window for 4D-VAR.