Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hprt(CAG)146 mice: Age of onset of behavioral abnormalities, time course of neuronal intranuclear inclusion accumulation, neurotransmitter marker alterations, mitochondrial function markers, and susceptibility to 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine

We reported previously a model of polyglutamine repeat disorders with insertion of 146 CAG repeats into the murine hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase locus (Hprt(CAG)146; Ordway et al. [ 1997 ] Cell 91:753–763), which does not normally contain polyglutamine repeats. These mice develop an adult‐onset neurologic phenotype of incoordination, involuntary limb clasping, seizures, and premature death. Histologic analysis demonstrates widespread ubiquinated neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NIIs). We now report characterization of the age of onset of behavioral abnormalities, correlated with the time course of occurrence of NIIs in several brain regions, and the occurrence of NIIs in non‐neuronal tissues. Onset of behavioral abnormalities occurred at approximately 22 weeks of age. There was variable time course of expression of NIIs in several brain regions. Assessment of several non‐neuronal tissues revealed nuclear inclusions in hepatocytes and choroid plexus epithelium. γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA)/benzodiazepine receptors, dopamine D1‐like and D2‐like receptors, and type 2 vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) binding sites were assayed before and after the onset of behavioral abnormalities. GABA/benzodiazepine receptors were unchanged either before or after the onset of behavioral abnormalities in any region analyzed, whereas striatal D1‐like and D2‐like receptors were diminished after but not before the onset of symptoms. Dorsal striatal VMAT2 binding sites were decreased before the onset of behavioral changes. Mitochondrial electron transport chain components were assayed with histochemical methods before and after the onset of behavioral changes. There was no change in behaviorally presymptomatic or symptomatic animals. Hprt(CAG)146 mice did not exhibit increased susceptibility to the mitochondrial toxin 1‐Methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine. Hprt(CAG)146 mice are a useful model for studying polyglutamine repeat disorders. J. Comp. Neurol. 465:205–219, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis of delay defects using statistical timing models

In this paper, we study the problem of delay defect diagnosis based on statistical timing models. We propose a diagnosis algorithm that can effectively utilize statistical timing information based upon single defect assumption. We evaluate its performance and its applicability to single as well as multiple defect scenarios via statistical defect injection and simulation. With a statistical timing analysis framework developed in the past, we demonstrate the new concept in statistical delay defect diagnosis, and discuss experimental results using benchmark circuits.
A Copula Based GARCH Dependence Model of Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Markets

Copula is a function which can link two or more marginal distributions together to form a joint distribution. This paper aims to analyze the dependence between Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets using copula theory based on GARCH. We use the synchronous 100 times daily returns data and copula based GARCH to model the joint distribution of stock index returns because copula based GARCH can fit the properties of stock market returns: dynamic and non-normal. Univariate AR(1)-GARCH(1, 1) model is used to study the marginal distribution of each index return, while copula is used to analyze the dependence between the two marginal distributions. Copula families offer various alternatives to the common assumption of normal dependence, including constant and time-varying. After fitting the marginal distributions into the constant and time-varying copula, we find constant t-copula and time-varying normal copula can explain the dependence between Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets better. We also find evidence that there is obvious conditional dependence between the two stock markets.
FGF signaling functions in the hypodermis to regulate fluid balance in C. elegans

Signaling by the Caenorhabditis elegans fibroblast growth factor receptor EGL-15 is activated by LET-756, a fibroblast growth factor, and attenuated by CLR-1, a receptor tyrosine phosphatase. Hyperactive EGL-15 signaling results in a dramatic Clr phenotype characterized by the accumulation of clear fluid within the pseudocoelomic space, suggesting that regulated EGL-15 signaling is essential for fluid homeostasis in C. elegans. To determine the cellular focus of EGL-15 signaling, we identified an enhancer element (e15) within the egl-15 promoter, which is both necessary for the promoter activity and sufficient when duplicated to drive either egl-15 or clr-1 rescue activity. This enhancer drives GFP expression in hypodermal cells. Consistent with this finding, immunofluorescence studies of EGL-15 indicate that EGL-15 is expressed in hypodermal cells, and hypodermal promoters can drive full clr-1 and egl-15 rescue activity. Moreover, a mosaic analysis of mpk-1, which acts downstream of egl-15, suggests that its suppression of Clr (Soc) function is required in the hypodermis. These results suggest that EGL-15 and CLR-1 act in the hypodermis to regulate fluid homeostasis in worms.
Robust fault-tolerant control for descriptor systems

A new architecture for fault tolerant controllers is proposed for the generic class of descriptor systems. It is based on coprime factorization of nonproper systems and on the Youla parameterization of stabilizing controllers. Noticing that the Youla controllers include a so called residual signal, fault tolerant control is achieved. Nominal control and robust fault tolerance are addressed separately. Moreover, fault tolerant control can be improved with a scheme integrating fault diagnosis. The design of the diagnosis and fault tolerant control filters reduce to a standard H/sub /spl infin//-control problem of usual state-space system.
A Generic Framework for Video Understanding Applied to Group Behavior Recognition

This paper presents an approach to detect and track groups of people in video-surveillance applications, and to automatically recognize their behavior. This method keeps track of individuals moving together by maintaining a spacial and temporal group coherence. First, people are individually detected and tracked. Second, their trajectories are analyzed over a temporal window and clustered using the Mean-Shift algorithm. A coherence value describes how well a set of people can be described as a group. Furthermore, we propose a formal event description language. The group events recognition approach is successfully validated on 4 camera views from 3 datasets: an airport, a subway, a shopping center corridor and an entrance hall.
Gentoo package dependencies over time

Open source distributions such as Gentoo need to accurately track dependency relations between software packages in order to install working systems. To do this, Gentoo has a carefully authored database containing those relations. In this paper, we extract the Gentoo package dependency graph and its changes over time. The final dependency graph spans 15 thousand open source projects and 80 thousand dependency relations. Furthermore, the development of this graph is tracked over time from the beginning of the Gentoo project in 2000 to the first quarter of 2012, with monthly resolution. The resulting dataset provides many opportunities for research. In this paper we explore cluster analysis to reveals meaningful relations between packages and in a separate paper we analyze changes in the dependencies over time to get insights in the innovation dynamics of open source software.
Magnetic braking of T Tauri stars

We construct models for the rotation rates of T Tauri stars whose spin is regulated by magnetic linkage between the star and a surrounding accretion disc. Our models utilise a time-dependent disc code to follow the accretion process and include the effects of pre-main-sequence stellar evolution. We find that the initial disc mass controls the evolution of the star-disc system. For sufficiently massive discs, a stellar field of $\sim$ 1 kG is able to regulate the spin rate to the observed values during the classical T Tauri phase. The field then acts to expel the disc and the star spins up at constant angular momentum as a weak-line system. Lower mass discs are ejected at an early epoch and fail to brake the star significantly. We extend the model to close binary systems, and find that the removal of angular momentum from the disc by the secondary significantly prolongs the inner disc lifetime. Such systems should therefore be relatively slow rotators. We also discuss the implications of our model for the spectral energy distributions and variability of T Tauri stars.
Compatibility Analysis of Multi-Sensor Vegetation Indices Using EO-1 Hyperion Data

In this study, we used a set of hyperspectral Hyperion scenes and assessed the effects of differing spectral and spatial resolutions on MODIS-AVHRR vegetation index (VI) continuity. Hyperion scenes were processed to simulate atmospherically-corrected normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and 2-band enhanced vegetation index (EVI2) values at MODIS Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) and AVHRR Global Area Coverage (GAC) resolutions. Our analysis of their differences suggests that MODIS CMG and AVHRR GAC VIs can be combined to generate a long-term data record, but would be accompanied by added uncertainties due to scaling differences.
A Range-Based Multivariate Model for Exchange Rate Volatility

In this paper we present a parsimonious multivariate model for exchange rate volatilities based on logarithmic high-low ranges of daily exchange rates. The multivariate stochastic volatility model divides the log range of each exchange rate into two independent latent factors, which are interpreted as the underlying currency specific components. Due to the normality of logarithmic volatilities the model can be estimated conveniently with standard Kalman filter techniques. Our results show that our model fits the exchange rate data quite well. Exchange rate news seems to be very currency-specific and allows us to identify which currency contributes most to both exchange rate levels and exchange rate volatilities.
Performance Evolution of Different Space Time Block Codes With Linear Receiver

We document the performance of space– time block codes, which provide a new paradigm for transmission over Rayleigh fading channels using multiple transmit antennas. It has been shown that a complex orthogonal design that provides full diversity and full transmission rate for a space–time block code is not possible for more than two antennas. The objective of this paper is to provide the description of different type of space time block codes and to provide the performance analysis of these codes without channel knowledge at the transmitter with different schemes for four transmit and one receive antenna. We propose a new space time block code and compare it with other codes.
Patient monitoring system based on e-health sensors and web services

A lot of research has been carried out in the field of healthcare monitoring. In recent years, development of patient monitoring system has been emerged as an area of research. In this article, a patient monitoring system is proposed. The proposed framework integrated web services with multiple sensors controlled by Arduino Uno. Therefore, the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) with Rich Internet Application (RIA) was used in this system. In particular, this system was applied on the four types of sensors necessary to monitor the patient such as electrocardiogram (ECG), body temperature, pulse rate and oxygen in blood (SPO2). Finally, the system outputs improves a high quality services, real time data collecting, eliminating manual data gathering and enabling the monitoring of huge numbers of patients.
Automated Rule Selection for Aspect Extraction in Opinion Mining

Aspect extraction aims to extract fine-grained opinion targets from opinion texts. Recent work has shown that the syntactical approach, which employs rules about grammar dependency relations between opinion words and aspects, performs quite well. This approach is highly desirable in practice because it is unsupervised and domain independent. However, the rules need to be carefully selected and tuned manually so as not to produce too many errors. Although it is easy to evaluate the accuracy of each rule automatically, it is not easy to select a set of rules that produces the best overall result due to the overlapping coverage of the rules. In this paper, we propose a novel method to select an effective set of rules. To our knowledge, this is the first work that selects rules automatically. Our experiment results show that the proposed method can select a subset of a given rule set to achieve significantly better results than the full rule set and the existing state-of-the-art CRF-based supervised method.
Targeting of Sna3p to the Endosomal Pathway Depends on Its Interaction with Rsp5p and Multivesicular Body Sorting on Its Ubiquitylation

Rsp5p is an ubiquitin (Ub)‐protein ligase of the Nedd4 family that carries WW domains involved in interaction with PPXY‐containing proteins. It plays a key role at several stages of intracellular trafficking, such as Ub‐mediated internalization of endocytic cargoes and Ub‐mediated sorting of membrane proteins to internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), a process that is crucial for their subsequent targeting to the vacuolar lumen. Sna3p is a membrane protein previously described as an Ub‐independent MVB cargo, but proteomic studies have since shown it to be an ubiquitylated protein. Sna3p carries a PPXY motif. We observed that this motif mediates its interaction with Rsp5p WW domains. Mutation of either the Sna3p PPXY motif or the Rsp5p WW3 domain or reduction in the amounts of Rsp5 results in the mistargeting of Sna3p to multiple mobile vesicles and prevents its sorting to the endosomal pathway. This sorting defect appears to occur prior to the defect displayed in rsp5 mutants by other MVB cargoes, which are correctly sorted to the endosomal pathway but missorted to the vacuolar membrane instead of the vacuolar lumen. Sna3p is polyubiquitylated on one target lysine, and a mutant Sna3p lacking its target lysine displays defective MVB sorting. Sna3p undergoes Rsp5‐dependent polyubiquitylation, with K63‐linked Ub chains.
A Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of the Goat Temporomandibular Joint Disc to the Mandibular Condylar Cartilage in Unconfined Compression

The aim of this study was to make a comparison of the compressive properties of the goat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc to the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) and to explore the transversely isotropic biphasic model. Samples taken mediolaterally from three regions of the TMJ disc and MCC were tested in unconfined compression at strain levels ranging from 10% to 50% and then assessed for biochemical content. The results indicated that the TMJ disc exhibits a significantly greater tangent modulus than the MCC from 20% to 50% strain with values ranging from 729 ± 267 to 2413 ± 406 kPa and 363 ± 169 to 1677 ± 538 kPa, respectively (P < .05). The collagen content of the TMJ disc was significantly greater than the MCC, while the opposite held for the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and DNA content. The results emphasize fundamental differences between the articulating tissues of the TMJ.
Chandra Observation of the Interaction between the Hot Plasma Nebula RCW 89 and the Pulsar Jet of PSR B1509–58

We present a Chandra observation of the H II region RCW 89. The nebula lies 10' north from the central pulsar PSR B1509-58, and it has been suggested that the nebula is irradiated by the pulsar jet. We performed a spectral analysis of the seven brightest emitting regions aligned in a "horseshoe" shape and found that the temperature of the knots increases along the horseshoe in the clockwise direction, while, in contrast, the ionization parameter net decreases. This strongly supports a picture of energy transfer via the precessing pulsar jet. We examined the energy budget assuming that RCW 89 is powered by the pulsar jet and confirmed that the pulsar rotational energy loss is sufficient to drive the nebula. The rate of energy injection into RCW 89 by the jet was estimated from the synchrotron radiation flux. We obtained a heating timescale of 1400 yr, which is consistent with the pulsar characteristic age of 1700 yr. To explain the temperature gradient, we discuss the cooling process for plasma clouds in RCW 89. We argue that the plasma clouds can be cooled down by the adiabatic expansion within 70 yr and form the temperature gradient reflecting the sequential heating by the precessing pulsar jet. We also determined the velocities of the individual plasma clouds by spectral fitting. The plasma clouds in RCW 89 are moving away at 240-860 km s-1, which constrains the inclination angle of the pulsar spin axis i > 50° and the expanding velocity of the shell as vshell > 1100 km s-1.
Corporate Bond Yield Curve Estimation using Parametric Approach

Although lots of literature has been discussed on the estimation of government bond yield curve, not much has been discussed on how to derive interest rate yield curve for corporate bonds. This paper first reviews the interest rate yield curve estimation methods and then discusses the probability of applying a parametric yield curve estimation approach to corporate bonds. Based on the perception of corporate bonds, it's believed that it would be better to jointly estimate the government bonds yield curve and the corporate spread other than directly applying the approximation methods to corporate bonds. A practicable procedure to estimate the corporate yield curve is then described. After that, I use the described procedure and UK market data to calculate the corporate yield curves for the last trading days of each month in 2007.
i-om: Intelligent optimization: For computer graphics and visualization

There are several problems in the computer graphics and visualization domains which require optimization tasks to be performed in order to improve the quality of the overall process. In this context, we propose and describe an innovative optimization methodology and a supporting software framework: i-om. The design goals of the proposed framework were twofold. The first comprises the decoupling, as much as possible, of the optimization process from the application specific processing tasks. In order to attain this goal, we opted to make use of intelligent techniques (i.e. metaheuristics). The second goal is to allow remote operation, and consequently great portability and interoperability, between the optimization tools and the visualization application. To fulfill the latter requirement the proposed framework was designed with the ability to communicate with external application using a specifically developed high level message protocol. The optimization framework was implemented and the paper presents illustrative results demonstrating the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
R&D Embodied Technological Change, Producers - Users Interaction, and Productivity at the Firm Level: A Germany-Italy Comparison

This paper follows a knowledge production function approach to assess the contribution of R&D spending, the purchase of new machinery, and producers-users interaction to the productivity performance of German and Italian firms in manufacturing. For this purpose it employs micro-aggregated data from the First Community Innovation Survey. The regression analysis confirms the results of previous studies that technological change embodied in new machinery and capital equipment is a major factor affecting the productivity level of manufacturing firms in most industries (in particular in Italy), although the role of R&D activities is crucial for most firms in both countries, and that this is also the case in traditional consumer goods industries such as textiles, clothing, and leather & leather products. Conversely, only for Germany does producers-users interaction prove significantly to influence the productivity level of firms in certain industries.
Predicting Student Academic Performance

Engineering schools worldwide have a relatively high attrition rate. Typically, about 35% of the first-year students in various engineering programs do not make it to the second year. Of the remaining students, quite often they drop out or fail in their second or third year of studies. The purpose of this investigation is to identify the factors that serve as good indicators of whether a student will drop out or fail the program. In order to establish early warning indicators, principal component analysis is used to analyze, in the first instance, first-year engineering student academic records. These performance predictors, if identified, can then be used effectively to formulate corrective action plans to improve the attrition rate.
Liabilities, Advantages, and Buffers of Newness

This article presents a conceptual discussion and a theoretical framework explaining how the liabilities of newness, which are traditionally thought of as disadvantages that young companies face, contribute to early firm internationalization. Through a systematic analysis of the liabilities that international new ventures face, as well as the liabilities and the advantages that a young age provides, we are able to integrate findings from the existing body of diffuse research on newness and internationalization, and develop propositions for future empirical research. Based on previous liabilities of newness and foreignness research, our study provides a novel theoretical model that explains early internationalization over and beyond existing internationalization models.
Will a Common European Monetary Policy Have Asymmetric Effects

This article reviews the evidence on differences in the transmission of monetary policy across European countries. The authors argue that the existing evidence, based almost exclusively on macroeconomic data, does not allow one to decide whether a common monetary policy will have asymmetric effects. A first peek at microeconomic data suggests this may be a promising route for further work.
A framework for scheduling DRAM memory accesses for multi-core mixed-time critical systems

Mixed-time critical systems are real-time systems that accommodate both hard real-time (HRT) and soft realtime (SRT) tasks. HRT tasks mandate a gurantee on the worstcase latency, while SRT tasks have average-case bandwidth (BW) demands. Memory requests in mixed-time critical systems usually have different transaction sizes based on whether the issuer task is HRT or SRT. For example, HRT tasks often issue requests with a cache line size. On the other side, SRT tasks may issue requests with a size of KBs. Requests from multimedia cores, cores controlling network interfaces and direct memory accesses (DMAs) are obvious examples of these large-size requests. Based on these observations, we promote in this work a new approach to schedule memory requests. This approach retains locality within large-size requests to minimize the worst-case latency, while maintaining the average-case BW as high as required. To achieve this target, we introduce a novel and compact time-division-multiplexing scheduler that is adequate for mixed-time critical systems. We also present a novel framework that constructs optimal offchip DRAM memory controller schedules for multi-core mixedtime critical systems. These schedules are loaded to the memory controller during boot-time. Based on the proposed schedule, we provide a detailed static analysis that guarantees predictability. We compare the proposed controller against state-of-the-art realtime memory controllers using synthetic experiments as well as a practical use-case from multimedia systems.