Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Continuing professional development (CPD) as a means to reducing barriers to inclusive education: research study of the education of refugee children in the Czech Republic

The article supports the view that teachers are key to quality inclusive education and that continuing professional development (CPD) plays an essential role in promoting pro-inclusion changes in education systems. It reports and uses the findings from a research study focused on the educational experiences of two groups of Myanmar (Burmese) refugee children in the Czech Republic to explore the generic and specific teacher development requirements in a country where pro-inclusive education development still faces a range of barriers. The authors describe a specifically designed refugee-relevant CPD seminar participated in by teachers and other professionals involved with the second group of refugee children. The outcomes from the seminar, including improved support for children’s learning, teacher’s grasp of relevant information, inter-teacher and inter-agency collaboration, and school staff’s willingness to undertake further relevant CPD, are discussed. Alongside such positive developments, some exclusive practices were faced by the refugee children and their parents in both groups. These are contextualised within the post-socialist socio/cultural/political environment of the Czech Republic that impacts on the education system, schools and teachers and on the prospects for educational inclusion. The article recognises the urgent need for systemic reform of national teacher development. The authors conclude by arguing for existing Czech pro-inclusion practices to be promoted alongside international practices and policies in teacher development.
The long shadow of work—does time since labour market exit affect the association between socioeconomic position and health in a post-working population

Objective: To test the effect of time since labour market exit (LME) on associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and self-rated health. Methods: Retirees from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) were divided into three groups on the basis of the length of time since LME. Seven different indicators of SEP were identified: socioeconomic class, income, wealth, education, tenure, area deprivation and subjective social status. Unadjusted and mutually adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed with poor self-rated health as the outcome. The sample consisted of 2617 men (mean (SD) age 71.69 (7.04) years) and 2619 women (71.29 (8.26) years). Results: In the unadjusted analyses, patterns of association between SEP measures and health were similar for men and women. Most SEP measures were associated with poor health, although the effects were attenuated by time since LME. In the mutually adjusted analyses, wealth was found to have a strong independent effect on health among men, especially in those groups that left the labour market ⩽20 years ago,while for women subjective social status seemed to have the most important effect on health after LME. Conclusions: Time since LME is an important factor to consider when studying health inequalities in a post-working population. The effect of time since LME varies according to gender and the measures of SEP used. Further work in this area should take account of age, period and cohort effects using multiple measures of SEP and more refined measures of LME.
Towards Dynamic Malware Analysis to Increase Mobile Device Security423

: Mobile de v ice s like s ma rt phone s ha v e diffe r en t p r ope rt ie s compa r ed t o common pe rs onal comp ut e rs . The r efo r e, t he ba s ic p r inciple s of mobile de v ice s ec ur i ty a r e al s o diffe r en t and t hi s s i tu a t ion i s ad v an t ageo us beca us e i t gi v e s mo r e po ss ibili t ie s of s ec ur ing t he mobile de v ice, ba s ed on t he mo r e cen tr all y con tr olled en v i r onmen t in w hich t he y ope r a t e, and a diffe r en t r ole of t he us e r . Thi s pape r de s c r ibe s t he f r ame w o r k fo r a backg r o u nd moni t o r ing syst em t o collec t s of tw a r e t ha t a us e r i s going t o in st all on i ts de v ice, and t o a ut oma t icall y pe r fo r m a d y namic anal ys i s of t he s of tw a r e. The implemen t a t ion of a d y namic anal ys i s mod u le of t he moni t o r ing syst em i s p r e s en t ed. I t ha s t he t a s k of pe r fo r ming t he d y namic anal ys i s b y tr an s fe rr ing common s andbo x ing app r oache s t o t he Windo ws Mobile ope r a t ing syst em on t he ARM a r chi t ec tur e.
Modelling pathways of α-chymotrypsin activation and deactivation

2To whom correspondence should be addressed The conformational change of α-chymotrypsin from an inactive, chymotrypsinogen like structure at high pH to an active conformation around pH 8.5 is used here as a model system to generate possible pathways for the transition by use of two different theoretical methods. One method, the ‘targeted molecular dynamics’ algorithm (TMD) adds a constraint in the direction of the target to a molecular dynamics force field and gives two different paths, one for every direction of the reaction (Schlitter,J., Engels,M., Krü ger,P.J., Mol. Graphics (1994) 12, 84–89). The second method, the ‘self penalty walk’ algorithm (SPW), refines an initially guessed path by minimizing the sum of the energies of its structures (Elber,R. and Karplus,M.,Chem. Phys. Lett. (1987) 139, 375–380). Thus, starting from a linear path as a first approximation, it produces a reaction coordinate of the transition. The structures of the TMD and SPW paths are similar only in the beginning while the middle part of the SPW path links the two TMD branches. The activation of α-chymotrypsin in the TMD path starts with a movement of loop VII (residues 215–225), pulling on loop VI (residues 186–194). Then the side chain of Met192 turns to the surface and Ile16 approaches Asp194 to form a salt bridge. In the TMD deactivation path, loop VII also moves and pushes loop VI to the protein core. The Met192 side chain adopts three intermediate conformations, till the salt bridge Ile16–Asp194 is broken and loop VI rearranges to its final conformation. In the SPW pathway both the formation of the salt bridge and the movement of Met192 happen simultaneously between two consecutive steps.
Safe Opponent Exploitation

We consider the problem of playing a repeated two-player zero-sum game safety: that is, guaranteeing at least the value of the game per period in expectation regardless of the strategy used by the opponent. Playing a stage-game equilibrium strategy at each time step clearly guarantees safety, and prior work has (incorrectly) stated that it is impossible to simultaneously deviate from a stage-game equilibrium (in hope of exploiting a suboptimal opponent) and to guarantee safety. We show that such profitable deviations are indeed possible specifically in games where certain types of “gift” strategies exist, which we define formally. We show that the set of strategies constituting such gifts can be strictly larger than the set of iteratively weakly-dominated strategies; this disproves another recent assertion which states that all noniteratively weakly dominated strategies are best responses to each equilibrium strategy of the other player. We present a full characterization of safe strategies, and develop efficient algorithms for exploiting suboptimal opponents while guaranteeing safety. We also provide analogous results for extensive-form games of perfect and imperfect information, and present safe exploitation algorithms and full characterizations of safe strategies for those settings as well. We present experimental results in Kuhn poker, a canonical test problem for game-theoretic algorithms. Our experiments show that (1) aggressive safe exploitation strategies significantly outperform adjusting the exploitation within stage-game equilibrium strategies only and (2) all the safe exploitation strategies significantly outperform a (nonsafe) best response strategy against strong dynamic opponents.
Breastfeeding or breastmilk to alleviate procedural pain in neonates: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES To (1) compare breastfeeding with control (placebo, no treatment, sucrose, glucose, pacifiers, or positioning) and (2) compare breastmilk with control for procedural pain in neonates. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized and quasi-randomized trials of breastfeeding or supplemental breastmilk for procedural pain in neonates was carried out on studies identified from electronic databases and hand searches without language restrictions. The methodological quality of the trials was assessed according to the Neonatal Review Group of Cochrane Collaboration. RESULTS Eleven eligible studies were identified. Marked heterogeneity in control intervention and pain assessment measures was noted. The breastfeeding group had significantly less increase in the heart rate, reduced proportion of crying time and reduced duration of crying compared to the swaddled or pacifier group. Premature Infant Pain Profile scores were lower in the breastfeeding group when compared to the placebo and the group positioned in mother's arms, but were not different compared to the no-treatment and the glucose groups. Neonates in the supplemental breastmilk group had a significantly less increase in the heart rate and Neonatal Facial Coding Score but no significant difference in the duration of crying time and oxygen saturation change compared to the placebo. CONCLUSIONS If available, breastfeeding or breastmilk should be used to alleviate pain in neonates undergoing painful procedure compared to placebo, positioning, or no intervention. Administration of glucose/sucrose had a similar effectiveness as breastfeeding for reducing pain. The effectiveness of breastmilk for repeated painful procedures is not established, and further research is needed.
A fuzzy clustering based mobility-adaptive routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

Mobility in cluster based wireless sensor networks is reminder of a new challenge that is not considered as an important issue is traditional protocols designed for static environments. This new challenge is packet delivery. When nodes leave their cluster zone, they no longer can send data to the cluster head, and they have to find as soon as possible a new cluster head. By increasing mobility in the network, this situation becomes worse. To address this issue an adaptive protocol needed to reduce the packet loss by selecting better cluster heads and assign a new cluster head to mobile nodes in order to avoid more packet loss. In this paper we proposed MACP-FL, a mobility adaptive clustering protocol proposed for mobile wireless sensor networks. In setup phase of our protocol, we used FCM algorithm to divide the network into several clusters. The candidate cluster heads are selected based on three measures, residual energy, and membership function. When candidate cluster heads have been selected, by considering maximum radio range, suitable cluster head for each individual node selected based on estimated connection time between node and corresponding cluster heads. If a node is going to leave its cluster in transmission phase, it selects the new cluster head based on estimated connection time. Simulation results show that our method outperforms LEACH-M, LEACH-ME and MBC in terms of data delivery rate and energy consumption.
A Framework for Separation of Concerns in Concurrent Programming

A central issue of all approaches to composing adaptive software is a level of indirection for intercepting and redirecting interactions among program entities. It has been pointed out that separation of concerns is one of the key techniques for reconfigurable software design. In this paper we describe a general framework for the separation of concerns in concurrent applications. Concurrency issues are separated and treated as orthogonal to the system base functionality. The framework combines declarative and imperative programming and provides a powerful mechanism for synchronizing concurrent computations. We describe a particular implementation of the framework (for both uniprocessors and distributed systems) as an extension to the Java programming language, and comment on how model-based verification methods can be automatically applied to programs in the resulting language.
A Purely Definitional Universal Domain ( Draft )

Existing theorem prover tools do not adequately support reasoning about general recursive datatypes. Better support for such datatypes would facilitate reasoning about a wide variety of real-world programs, including those written in continuation-passing style, that are beyond the scope of current tools. This paper introduces a new formalization of a universal domain that is suitable for modeling general recursive datatypes. The construction is purely definitional, introducing no new axioms. Defining recursive types in terms of this universal domain will allow a theorem prover to derive strong reasoning principles, with soundness ensured by construction.
‘QUESTIONING’ HIV/AIDS-RELATED STIGMA: LIVED DISEMPOWERMENT AND POTENTIAL EMPOWERMENT AMONG GHANAIANS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS

ABSTRACT HIV-related stigma harms People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), families, and even communities of memory. This study examines HIV-related stigma, specifically how PLWHA make sense of their attributional response to the experience of HIV/AIDS-related stigma. Sensemaking is explored in the face of HIV/AIDS-related stigma to determine whether participants’ attributional responses partly corroborate the widespread views of disempowerment associated with stigma. PLWHA attribute HIV-related stigma to ignorance, lack of sympathy and lack of empathy. Often, PLWHA portray both their community and government as morally mute or ineffective in handling HIV/AIDS-related stigma. PLWHA's sensemaking themes derive from social injustice and patriarchal bias, which leads to control and domination. The explanations proffer sensemaking implications that might engender attributional responses with transformative empowerment consequences.
Inhibition of lysosomal degradative functions in RPE cells by a retinoid component of lipofuscin.

PURPOSE To investigate the effect of the lipofuscin component N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2-E) on degradative functions of lysosomes in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and to evaluate its mechanism of action. METHODS A2-E was coupled to low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Human RPE cell cultures were loaded with the A2-E/LDL complex, and controls were run with medium containing LDL alone. To determine whether A2-E accumulated in lysosomes, cells were fractionated in a Percoll gradient, and protein degradation was determined by metabolic labeling and measurement of the release of low-molecular-weight radioactivity. Lysosomal degradation was distinguished from nonlysosomal degradation by inclusion of NH4Cl in the medium. The metabolism of sulfated glycosaminoglycans was studied by radiosulfate incorporation in pulse-chase experiments. Intralysosomal pH was determined using a fluorescent lysosomotropic pH indicator. RESULTS A2-E accumulated almost exclusively in the lysosomal compartment. Lysosomal protein degradation was reduced in a dose-dependent fashion in A2-E-treated cells. The selectivity of A2-E on lysosomal function was demonstrated by its lack of effect on degradation of extralysosomal protein. Lysosomal glycosaminoglycan catabolism of RPE cells was also strongly inhibited by A2-E. Lysosomal pH was increased by A2-E. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that accumulation of A2-E in RPE cells interferes with lysosomal functions as exemplified by its inhibitory effect on protein and glycosaminoglycan catabolic pathways. The quaternary amine character of the A2-E apparently causes a perturbation of the acidic intralysosomal milieu, resulting in diminished hydrolase action and consequent accumulation of undegraded material. Such mechanism could be operative in retinal diseases associated with excessive lipofuscin accumulation including age-related macular degeneration.
Predicting Yelp Ratings Using User Friendship Network Information

In this project, we attempt to predict the rating a user will give to a restaurant listed on Yelp using Yelp’s Challenge Dataset. Being able to predict the rating a user assigns to a restaurant is helpful when trying to build better recommendation systems on Yelp. We approach the problem from a social network analysis perspective by incorporating Yelp user-user friendship networks in our predictions, and we attempt to test if the additional network information enhances the accuracy of the rating predictions.
Approximate inversion of the wave-equation Hessian via randomized matrix probing

We present a method for approximately inverting the Hessian of full waveform inversion as a dip-dependent and scaledependent amplitude correction. The terms in the expansion of this correction are determined by least-squares fitting from a handful of applications of the Hessian to random models — a procedure called matrix probing. We show numerical indications that randomness is important for generating a robust preconditioner, i.e., one that works regardless of the model to be corrected. To be successful, matrix probing requires an accurate determination of the nullspace of the Hessian, which we propose to implement as a local dip-dependent mask in curvelet space. Numerical experiments show that the novel preconditioner fits 70% of the inverse Hessian (in Frobenius norm) for the 1-parameter acoustic 2D Marmousi model.
Haptic Feedback for Injecting Biological Cells using Miniature Compliant Mechanisms

We present a real-time haptics-aided injection technique for biological cells using miniature compliant mechanisms. Our system consists of a haptic robot operated by a human hand, an XYZ stage for micro-positioning, a camera for image capture, and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) miniature compliant device that serves the dual purpose of an injecting tool and a force-sensor. In contrast to existing haptics-based micromanipulation techniques where an external force sensor is used, we use visually captured displacements of the compliant mechanism to compute the applied and reaction forces. The human hand can feel the magnified manipulation force through the haptic device in real-time while the motion of the human hand is replicated on the mechanism side. The images are captured using a camera at the rate of 30 frames per second for extracting the displacement data. This is used to compute the forces at the rate of 30 Hz. The force computed in this manner is sent at the rate of 1000 Hz to ensure stable haptic interaction. The haptic cell-manipulation system was tested by injecting into a zebrafish egg cell after validating the technique at a size larger than that of the cell.
Learning Reusable Skills through Self-Motivation

This paper presents SMILe (Self-Motivated Incremental Learning), an intrinsically motivated learning framework in which an agent autonomously identifies interesting subgoals independently from any task prescription, and, driven by self-motivation, incrementally learns a hierarchy of more and more complex skills. Preliminary experimental activities show that learned skills can be profitably reused when the agent faces different tasks.
Dispositional Optimism as a Correlate of Decision-Making Styles in Adolescence

Despite the numerous psychological areas in which optimism has been studied, including career planning, only a small amount of research has been done to investigate the relationship between optimism and decision-making styles. Consequently, we have investigated the role of dispositional optimism as a correlate of different decision-making styles, in particular, positive for effective styles and negative for ineffective ones (doubtfulness, procrastination, and delegation). Data were gathered through questionnaires administered to 803 Italian adolescents in their last 2 years of high schools with different fields of study, each at the beginning stages of planning for their professional future. A paper questionnaire was completed containing measures of dispositional optimism and career-related decision styles, during a vocational guidance intervention conducted at school. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression. Results supported the proposed model by showing optimism to be a strong correlate of decision-making styles, thereby offering important intervention guidelines aimed at modifying unrealistically negative expectations regarding their future and helping students learn adaptive decision-making skills.
Progesterone-Regulated Gene Expression in the Primate Endometrium

Progesterone action is essential for maturation of the endometrium to a receptive state for implantation in humans and nonhuman primates. The orchestration of progesterone-regulated gene expression is also temporally controlled during the secretory phase based on the limited window for implantation. The genes and gene networks affected by progesterone are likely to involve both activation and repression. Our laboratory has used the rhesus monkey as a model to study the regulation of genes known or suspected to be involved in endometrial maturation. In addition, we have used subtractive hybridization and differential display techniques to identify novel or unsuspected genes that are regulated by progesterone during endometrial maturation. Our studies have led us to propose a working model of progesterone action during the primate secretory phase that includes waves of gene activation and repression that culminate in a receptive endometrium.
MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI DAN SELF REGULATED LEARNING

Self-regulated learning dibutuhkan siswa agar mampu mengatur, menyesuaikan, mengendalikan dan mengarahkan diri terutama bila menghadapi tugas yang sulit. Sehingga perlu adanya motivasi berprestasi yang akan mendorong siswa melakukan kontrol diri tersebut. Penelitian kuantitatif ini megggunakan subjek siswa SMPN 1 Tarakan kelas 7-9 sebanyak 233 siswa. Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala self-regulated learning dan motivasi berprestasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan positif yang sangat signifikan antara self-regulated learning dengan motivasi berprestasi. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa subjek dengan motivasi berprestasi yang tinggi menjalankan siklus self-regulated learning yang sesuai. Adapun motivasi berprestasi memberikan sumbangan efektif terhadap self-regulated learning sebesar 40% dan ditemukan self-regulated learning dan motivasi berprestasi yang tinggi ada pada kelas 7. Kata kunci : Siklus, self-regulated learning, motivasi berprestasi,