Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular analysis of alternative transcripts of equine AXL receptor tyrosine kinase gene

Objective Since athletic performance is a most importance trait in horses, most research focused on physiological and physical studies of horse athletic abilities. In contrast, the molecular analysis as well as the regulatory pathway studies remain insufficient for evaluation and prediction of horse athletic abilities. In our previous study, we identified AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) gene which was expressed as alternative spliced isoforms in skeletal muscle during exercise. In the present study, we validated two AXL alternative splicing transcripts (named as AXLa for long form and AXLb for short form) in equine skeletal muscle to gain insight(s) into the role of each alternative transcript during exercise. Methods We validated two isoforms of AXL transcripts in horse tissues by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and then cloned the transcripts to confirm the alternative locus and its sequences. Additionally, we examined the expression patterns of AXLa and AXLb transcripts in horse tissues by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Results Both of AXLa and AXLb transcripts were expressed in horse skeletal muscle and the expression levels were significantly increased after exercise. The sequencing analysis showed that there was an alternative splicing event at exon 11 between AXLa and AXLb transcripts. 3-dimentional (3D) prediction of the alternative protein structures revealed that the structural distance of the connective region between fibronectin type 3 (FN3) and immunoglobin (Ig) domain was different between two alternative isoforms. Conclusion It is assumed that the expression patterns of AXLa and AXLb transcripts would be involved in regulation of exercise-induced stress in horse muscle possibly through an NF-κB signaling pathway. Further study is necessary to uncover biological function(s) and significance of the alternative splicing isoforms in race horse skeletal muscle.
A constitutive model for the high-temperature creep of particle-hardened alloys based on the ? projection method

The θ projection method is a procedure for the interpolation and extrapolation of creep properties. It works by describing the shape of conventional creep curves by suitable mathematical functions and then by projecting those curves to different stresses and temperatures. It involves techniques for the collection of data that enable large amounts of information to be summarized and this paper explores the possibility that this information–rich method can be extended to give a constitutive creep relationship for component analysis. A general framework involving a variety of hardening, recovery and damage mechanisms is evolved and the relationships between the required experimental parameters and the θ values are derived. The collection of data is illustrated with respect to a wrought superalloy (Waspaloy), creep tested in uniaxial and multiaxial stress conditions. The material is shown to be isotropic with a creep potential function equal to the second deviatoric stress invariant and the resulting flow rule, together with the constitutive relationship, is applied to the creep of notched bars by a finite–element procedure. The analysis incorporates a stress–dependent failure criterion and is shown to predict the experimentally observed notch hardening successfully. In addition, it correctly describes the failure paths in this quasi–static situation. The implications of the relationships with regard to design methods which use skeletal stresses are discussed.
ModDBS-X M : A Diversity Based Summarizer for DUC 2001

1 Description of the system ModDBS-X is a clustering based single document summarizer. It is an open-domain extractive summarizer, demanding of the input nothing more than the availability of basic IR statistics such as term and document frequency. Therefore it could be adapted for any language and domain without much effort. The system goes through three major states to generate a summary: data preparation, summarization, and post-summarization. An input text is first examined for its conformity to the XML syntax; some portions of it are extracted for use in summarization, which are passed on to the sentence selection step, which in turn builds diverse topical clusters over the input and chooses representative sentences thereof. The selected sentences are then put through a post-summarization process, where parenthetical expressions are identified and removed.
Ab initio study of structural properties for zincblende AlInN: comparison of LDA and GGA

Ab initio density functional plane-wave calculations are performed to study the lattice constant, bulk modulus, and the pressure derivative of the bulk modulus of ternary zincblende AlInN. Results obtained using local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation energy are investigated and compared with available binary experimental results. For AlN it is found that GGA provides a better agreement with experiment than LDA one does. For InN LDA appears to perform better. The deviation parameter of bulk modulus of zincblende AlxIn1-xN is 10.34 ± 9.27 GPa using LDA and 18.48 ± 2.28 GPa using GGA.
The First Complete 3D Reconstruction of a Spanish Fly Primary Larva (Lytta vesicatoria, Meloidae, Coleoptera)

The first detailed anatomical study of a primary larva of Meloidae is presented. Thereby techniques such as three-dimensional reconstructions, microtome sections, SEM (scanning electronic microscopy) and CLSM (confocal laser scanning microscopy) are applied. The structural features are discussed in the context of phylogeny, but also possible correlations with parasitism, phoresy and miniaturisation. The triungulin first instar larva is likely an apomorphy of Meloidae excl. Eleticinae and linked with a specialisation on acridoid eggs or larvae and provisions of bees. The campodeid body shape of Lytta and Meloinae is a groundplan feature of Meloidae, whereas a navicular body is an autapomorphy of the generally phoretic larvae of Nemognathinae. Head structures of Lytta and features of the postcephalic body are largely plesiomorphic. The musculature of the head is only moderately simplified while the one of the postcephalic body is well developed. Its thorax is largely characterised by plesiomorphies. The characteristics of the legs suggest phoretic habits, even though this does not apply to larvae of Lytta. It is conceivable that a phoretic behaviour is secondarily lost, together with some but not all morphological modifications related to it. Derived features of the abdomen of Meloidae are the complete loss of the fixed urogomphi (also missing in Rhipiphoridae and other related groups) and the presence of one or two conspicuous caudal bristles. Only few features of Lytta are shared with the parasitic larvae of Rhipiphoridae and Strepsiptera. These characteristics, which are possibly linked with specialised life habits, have obviously evolved independently. Miniaturisation effects are minimal in the larvae of Lytta.
Evaluating Regularizers for Estimating Distributions of Amino Acids

This paper makes a quantitative comparison of different methods, called regularizers, for estimating the distribution of amino acids in a specific context, given a very small sample of amino acids from that distribution. The regularizers considered here are zero-offsets, pseudocounts, substitution matrices (with several variants), and Dirichlet mixture regularizers. Each regularizer is evaluated based on how well it estimates the distributions of the columns of a multiple alignment--specifically, the expected encoding cost per amino acid using the regularizer and all possible samples from each column. In general, pseudocounts give the lowest encoding costs for samples of size zero, substitution matrices give the lowest encoding costs for samples of size one, and Dirichlet mixtures give the lowest for larger samples. One of the substitution matrix variants, which added pseudocounts and scaled counts, does almost as well as the best known Dirichlet mixtures, but with a lower computation cost.
State of science: mental workload in ergonomics

Mental workload (MWL) is one of the most widely used concepts in ergonomics and human factors and represents a topic of increasing importance. Since modern technology in many working environments imposes ever more cognitive demands upon operators while physical demands diminish, understanding how MWL impinges on performance is increasingly critical. Yet, MWL is also one of the most nebulous concepts, with numerous definitions and dimensions associated with it. Moreover, MWL research has had a tendency to focus on complex, often safety-critical systems (e.g. transport, process control). Here we provide a general overview of the current state of affairs regarding the understanding, measurement and application of MWL in the design of complex systems over the last three decades. We conclude by discussing contemporary challenges for applied research, such as the interaction between cognitive workload and physical workload, and the quantification of workload ‘redlines’ which specify when operators are approaching or exceeding their performance tolerances. Practitioner Summary: The study of workload in ergonomics has risen in popularity since the 1980s. Applied problems, particularly in transport, have taken centre stage in recent years. New developments in neuroergonomics measurement techniques offer promise in quantifying both the interaction of physical and mental workload, as well as the elusive ‘redline’ performance limit for overload.
Examining the efficacy, safety, and patient acceptability of the etonogestrel implantable contraceptive

Contraceptive implants provide long-acting, highly effective reversible contraception. The etonogestrel implant (ENG implant) is a single rod implant that offers three years of efficacy. The ENG implant was designed to provide contraceptive efficacy by inhibiting ovulation and Pearl Index scores reported for this method are similar to other long-acting reversible contraception as well as similar to sterilization. The implant has been shown to be safe during breast feeding and may improve symptoms of dysmenorrhea and endometriosis. Irregular bleeding patterns can be expected with the device’s use and should be addressed in order to decrease rates of discontinuation.
Selecting good measurements via ℓ1 relaxation: A convex approach for robust estimation over graphs

Pose graph optimization is an elegant and efficient formulation for robot localization and mapping. Experimental evidence suggests that, in real problems, the set of measurements used to estimate robot poses is prone to contain outliers, due to perceptual aliasing and incorrect data association. While several related works deal with the rejection of outliers during pose estimation, the goal of this paper is to propose a grounded strategy for measurements selection, i.e., the output of our approach is a set of “reliable” measurements, rather than pose estimates. Because the classification in inliers/outliers is not observable in general, we pose the problem as finding the maximal subset of the measurements that is internally coherent. In the linear case, we show that the selection of the maximal coherent set can be (conservatively) relaxed to obtain a linear programming problem with ℓ1 objective. We show that this approach can be extended to (nonlinear) planar pose graph optimization using similar ideas as our previous work on linear approaches to pose graph optimization. We evaluate our method on standard datasets, and we show that it is robust to a large number of outliers and different outlier generation models, while entailing the advantages of linear programming (fast computation, scalability).
Methemoglobin formation and reduction in man and various animal species.

SMITH, JOSEPH E. , AND ERNEST BEUTLER. Methemoglobin formation and reduction in man and various animal species. Am. J. Physiol. 2 I o(2) : 34.7-350. 1 g66. -The rate of methemoglobin formation and reduction in man, goats, sheep, horse, cattle, and pigs was studied. Methemoglobin formation in the various species was studied by the addition of sodium nitrite to hemoglobin solutions, and methemoglobin reduction was carried out on nitrited washed erythrocytes using glucose and glucose plus methylene blue. It appears that the susceptibility to methemoglobin formation is related to the methemoglobin reduction rate in such a way that a rapid methemoglobin formation rate is offset by a rapid methemoglobin reduction rate.
Stability of XIST repression in relation to genomic imprinting following global genome demethylation in a human cell line

DNA methylation is essential in X chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting, maintaining repression of XIST in the active X chromosome and monoallelic repression of imprinted genes. Disruption of the DNA methyltransferase genes DNMT1 and DNMT3B in the HCT116 cell line (DKO cells) leads to global DNA hypomethylation and biallelic expression of the imprinted gene IGF2 but does not lead to reactivation of XIST expression, suggesting that XIST repression is due to a more stable epigenetic mark than imprinting. To test this hypothesis, we induced acute hypomethylation in HCT116 cells by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) treatment (HCT116-5-aza-CdR) and compared that to DKO cells, evaluating DNA methylation by microarray and monitoring the expression of XIST and imprinted genes IGF2, H19, and PEG10. Whereas imprinted genes showed biallelic expression in HCT116-5-aza-CdR and DKO cells, the XIST locus was hypomethylated and weakly expressed only under acute hypomethylation conditions, indicating the importance of XIST repression in the active X to cell survival. Given that DNMT3A is the only active DNMT in DKO cells, it may be responsible for ensuring the repression of XIST in those cells. Taken together, our data suggest that XIST repression is more tightly controlled than genomic imprinting and, at least in part, is due to DNMT3A.
A Scalable Link Quality Routing Protocol for Multi-radio Wireless Mesh Networks

Due to their installation and management simplicity, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have become a natural way to deliver wireless coverage for local, campus and metropolitan areas. In order to provide backhaul support, it is necessary to enhance the capacity of WMNs. In this paper, a scalable link quality routing protocol for multi-radio WMNs is proposed. We incorporate a local link quality metric and multi-radio support in the OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) protocol. This simple and scalable approach helps to find shortest paths with better quality. Simulations were conducted and the results showed expressive performance improvements of the proposed protocol over the original OLSR, with a minimum overhead increase.
Designing for Awareness and Accountability with Tangible Computing

This project has been devoted to design a computer system with a tangible user interface, in the context of future supervision of remote dropin dialysis patients. The tangible computer system was developed as an example of how two concepts in human work, accountability and awareness, can be supported through tangible user interfaces. A current trend within CSCW discusses accountability in design in terms of how software should make its own actions accountable. We choose to use an alternative route, namely to use the tangible interface for explicating nurses and patients actions for each other. Explicating actions is key benefit with a tangible interface in work environments that is physical colocated. We conclude that our strategy can be investigated further in settings where the work is carried out in a physical colocated space.
Angular super-resolution algorithm based on maximum entropy for scanning radar imaging

Scanning radar imaging has significant and extensive applications, such as surveillance, autonomous landing of aircraft, navigation, guidance. However, scanning radar imaging system suffers troublesomely antenna-induced poor angular resolution. In this letter, a scheme of angular superresolution based on maximum entropy (ME) framework is presented. Firstly, radar received signal in azimuth is modeled as convolution of the antenna pattern and targets' scattering coefficient approximately. Then, principle of angular super-resolution algorithm is deduced. The algorithm can endure disturbance of noise more significantly than conventional techniques. Simulations validate that this algorithm can effectively enhance radar angular resolution. At last, real scanning radar imagery data has proved effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with Wiener filter technique.
On the effect of radiative exchange on the growth by condensation of a cloud or fog droplet

The effect of radiative heat transfer on droplet growth is assessed. It is estimated that radiative cooling is the principal agent of droplet growth in radiation fog, and that supersaturations are very small – slight undersaturation may even occur – and may be relatively unimportant for droplet growth in this environment. Gravitational settling is shown to be the principal limiting factor on droplet growth in radiation fog. It is also suggested that radiative transfer may have some relevance to the unexpectedly large numbers of 5μm radius droplets observed in cumulus clouds by Warner (1969).
Evaluation of the Leap Motion Controller as a New Contact-Free Pointing Device

This paper presents a Fitts' law-based analysis of the user's performance in selection tasks with the Leap Motion Controller compared with a standard mouse device. The Leap Motion Controller (LMC) is a new contact-free input system for gesture-based human-computer interaction with declared sub-millimeter accuracy. Up to this point, there has hardly been any systematic evaluation of this new system available. With an error rate of 7.8 % for the LMC and 2.8% for the mouse device, movement times twice as large as for a mouse device and high overall effort ratings, the Leap Motion Controller's performance as an input device for everyday generic computer pointing tasks is rather limited, at least with regard to the selection recognition provided by the LMC.
Core Gene Set As the Basis of Multilocus Sequence Analysis of the Subclass Actinobacteridae

Comparative genomic sequencing is shedding new light on bacterial identification, taxonomy and phylogeny. An in silico assessment of a core gene set necessary for cellular functioning was made to determine a consensus set of genes that would be useful for the identification, taxonomy and phylogeny of the species belonging to the subclass Actinobacteridae which contained two orders Actinomycetales and Bifidobacteriales. The subclass Actinobacteridae comprised about 85% of the actinobacteria families. The following recommended criteria were used to establish a comprehensive gene set; the gene should (i) be long enough to contain phylogenetically useful information, (ii) not be subject to horizontal gene transfer, (iii) be a single copy (iv) have at least two regions sufficiently conserved that allow the design of amplification and sequencing primers and (v) predict whole-genome relationships. We applied these constraints to 50 different Actinobacteridae genomes and made 1,224 pairwise comparisons of the genome conserved regions and gene fragments obtained by using Sequence VARiability Analysis Program (SVARAP), which allow designing the primers. Following a comparative statistical modeling phase, 3 gene fragments were selected, ychF, rpoB, and secY with R2>0.85. Selected sets of broad range primers were tested from the 3 gene fragments and were demonstrated to be useful for amplification and sequencing of 25 species belonging to 9 genera of Actinobacteridae. The intraspecies similarities were 96.3–100% for ychF, 97.8–100% for rpoB and 96.9–100% for secY among 73 strains belonging to 15 species of the subclass Actinobacteridae compare to 99.4–100% for 16S rRNA. The phylogenetic topology obtained from the combined datasets ychF+rpoB+secY was globally similar to that inferred from the 16S rRNA but with higher confidence. It was concluded that multi-locus sequence analysis using core gene set might represent the first consensus and valid approach for investigating the bacterial identification, phylogeny and taxonomy.
Differential equation models for statistical functions 1

Differential equations have been used in statistics to define functions such as probability densities. But the idea of using differential equation formulations of stochastic models has a much wider scope. The author gives several examples, including simultaneous estimation of a regression model and residual density, monotone smoothing, specification of a link function, differential equation models of data, and smoothing over complicated multidimensional domains. This paper aims to stimulate interest in this approach to functional estimation problems, rather than provide carefully worked out methods.
Motion Capture Behavior Recognition via Neighborhood Preserving Dictionary Learning

Behavior recognition from large available motion capture data has received wide attention in the computer animation community and is growing increasingly important in recent years. In this paper, we present an efficient motion capture behavior recognition approach via neighborhood preserving dictionary learning. First, we normalize all the motion sequences in the database to make the motion to be comparable. Then, the neighborhood preserving property is exploited using Iterative Nearest Neighbors algorithm and subsequently added as a constraint condition for discriminative dictionary learning, whereby the raw motion frame can be represented as a compact set of atoms consisting of neighborhood preserving characteristics. Finally, the recognition result can be efficiently obtained by sparse coding based classification scheme. Extensive experiments tested on publicly available motion capture databases have demonstrated the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Survey on Music Retrieval Systems Using Microphone Input

Interactive music retrieval systems using microphone input have become popular, with applications ranging from whistle queries to robust audio search engines capable of retrieving music from a short sam- ple recorded in noisy environment. The availability for mobile devices brought them to millions of users. Underlying methods have promis- ing results in the case that user provides a short recorded sample and seeks additional information about the piece. Now, the focus needs to be switched to areas where we are still unable to satisfy the user needs. Such a scenario can be the choice of a favorite music performance from the set of covers, or recordings of the same musical piece, e.g. in classical music. Various algorithms have been proposed for both basic retrieval and more advanced use cases. In this paper we provide a survey of the state-of-the-art methods for interactive music retrieval systems, from the perspective of specific user requirements.
Solutions to Minimal Generalized Relative Pose Problems

We present a method to obtain the solutions to the generalized 6-point relative pose problem. The problem is to find the relative positions of two generalized cameras so that six corresponding image rays meet in space. Here, a generalized camera is a camera that captures some arbitrary set of rays and does not adhere to the central perspective projection model. The cameras are assumed to be calibrated, which means that we know the image rays in Euclidean camera coordinate systems. Mathematically, the problem is therefore, given two Euclidean configurations consisting of six lines each, to find a rigid transformation of the first six lines so that each transformed line intersects its corresponding line from the second set. We show that the problem has 64 solutions in general and solve it by computing a matrix on closed form and then extracting its eigen-vectors. Hence we present a solver that corresponds to the intrinsic degree of difficulty of this minimal problem. Our numerical experiments show that the presented solver can be used in a RANSAC-implementation.