Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Nursing Shortage: Building Organizational Commitment Among Nurses

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As a major nursing shortage threatens healthcare organizations, the views of 30 staff nurses are examined to determine factors that contribute to their commitment, or lack of commitment, to their employing hospital. Content analysis identified that organizational commitment is most related to personal factors, opportunities for learning, job satisfaction, plan for retirement, monetary benefits, patient care, coworkers, cultural factors, and job security, in that order. Lack of organizational commitment is most related to conflict with personal needs. However, lack of learning, lack of appreciation and fairness, inadequate monetary benefits, patient care situations, poor relations with coworkers, career developmental stage, and lack of job security are also discussed. Application of these findings to healthcare administration is discussed, with strategies for building organizational commitment among nurses.
ACHIEVING DYNAMIC INTEROPERABILITY OF COMMUNICATION : Transfer of Ontology and Rules Between Nodes

In this paper we investigate the situation in which one of the Cognitive Radio (CR) nodes wants to use an advanced modulation scheme, which is not implemented in the other node. Consequently, it needs to tell the other radio what it means by that modulation scheme. Our approach assumes that there exists a basic ontology and a set of rules shared among the two CRs, as well as a basic communications protocol, which enables the nodes to communicate and share information between them. The node with the advanced modulation scheme may transfer its knowledge (i.e., ontology and rules) to its peer. The other node is using a reasoner and the transferred knowledge in order to construct the algorithm from other functional blocks achieving the interoperability at the modulation scheme level.
Locational Study of Foreign Enterprises in Beijing Based on an Ordered Probit Model

Foreign direct investment has been a key driving force for China's urban development since the economic reform and opening up. Beijing is one of the favored locations by foreign investors. Foreign enterprises in Beijing have played a significant role in restructuring its production spaces and industrial compositions. Compared with their domestic counterparts, foreign enterprises are rational decision-makers and have more flexibility and freedom in choosing their locations. Governed by market forces, foreign enterprises are not randomly distributed within a city and their locational patterns are detectable. Based on data from the second census of basic units, this paper attempts to picture the spatial patterns of foreign enterprises in Beijing. Efforts are further made to investigate the locational behavior of foreign enterprises by incorporating firm-specific, industry-specific and location-specific factors in an ordered probit model (OPM). Empirical results show that foreign enterprises in manufacturing tend to agglomerate in the central city, but being diffused to the remote suburbs and having indeed promoted the industrial suburbanization in Beijing. Statistical results suggest that large and newly established manufacturing enterprises favor the suburbs while wholly foreign owned manufacturing enterprises and those producing multiple types of products tend to locate in the inner city. Industrial agglomeration pushes foreign manufacturers to the suburbs. Industry-specific factors play a crucial role in determining locations of foreign enterprises in Beijing. Those in resource and labor intensive sectors are inclined to locate in the suburbs while those in capital and technology intensive sectors are likely to favor the central city. The results have important policy implications for urban industrial restructuring in Beijing.
Speed Sensorless Fault-Tolerant Drive System of 3-Phase Induction Motor Using Switching Extended Kalman Filter

Speed sensorless vector control of 3-phase induction motor under open-phase fault (faulty 3-phase induction motor) ased on Indirect Rotor Field-Oriented Control (RFOC) is proposed in this paper. To ensure high performance FOC of induction motor drives, the estimation of the rotor speed is necessary. However, the algorithm used to estimate the rotor speed for a 3-phase induction motor cannot be used directly for a faulty 3-phase induction motor. This is because the faulty induction motor model is different from the healthy 3-phase induction motor. To overcome this problem, in this paper a new switching Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) s proposed to update online the rotor speed. The proposed algorithm can be used for estimation of rotor speed in both healthy and faulty conditions. MATLAB simulation results are carried out to show the capability of the proposed drive system. The results show the activity of the proposed method at wide range speed operation.
The impact of U.S. company internationalization on top management team advice networks : A tacit knowledge perspective

This study surveys 37 U.S. multinational corporations (MNCs) to examine the effect of internationalization on one dimension of the top management team’s (TMT’s) character: international business advice network density. This study draws on international business (IB) theory, the resource-based view of the firm, and philosophy of science and its view of tacit knowledge. Results show that both the firm’s internationalization extent, and the interdependence that exists across its country–market activities, are positively related to the TMT’s IB advice network density. As the extent of the MNC’s business outside the United States grows and the linkages among its IB units intensify, the demand for IB expertise within the TMT increases, TMT members share each other’s knowledge of IB more extensively and the TMT’s IB advice network density increases. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioral Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low Concentrations of Halothane during Development in Rats

Long-term behavioral effects of chronic exposure to low concentrations of halothane were evaluated in rats exposed to low (12.5 ppm) concentrations from day 2 of conception until either 30 (halothane-30) or 60 (halothane-60) days after birth. Rats similarly treated but not exposed to halothane served as controls. When these rats were tested for radial arm maze exploration as adults (1 yr old) both exposure groups showed significant deficits compared with controls. The halothane-treated rats entered significantly fewer arms before reentering an arm (entries-to-repeat). At 55 days of age, in the spontaneous alternation test, response speed was significantly slower than controls in both halothane-30 and halothane-60 rats. This effect was not seen in rats more than 55 days old. Replicating previous results, the halothane-60 rats showed deficits in learning a light-dark discrimination. This deficit was not seen with halothane-30 rats, indicating that continued halothane exposure during the 30‐ through 60-day period was necessary for inducing a noticeable long-term learning deficit. The results show that chronic exposure of rats to low concentrations of halothane during development results in subsequent behavioral alteration, and that termination of halothane exposure at 30 days of age rather than at 60 days of age avoids some of the signs of behavioral impairment.
Grey-box model identification - control relevant approach

Abstract Grey-box modeling is an advantageous tool for system identification when obtained input/output experimental data are insufficiently excited. The lack of information in the data can be often replaced with some additional knowledge about the modeled system, which constricts the class of models under consideration. The real system is usually more complex and do not fit the model class, thus a bias error occurs. The main goal of this paper is to show an effective way how to identify grey-box models, which would be relevant in commissioning predictive control.
The Coalition's Record on the Under Fives: Policy, Spending and Outcomes 2010-2015

The impact of Coalition policies on children’s wellbeing and life chances will take time to emerge fully. Yet the important role that early years services and family income play in child development is well known to policy makers. It is not too soon therefore to raise concerns about the long-term consequences recent spending decisions may have on the current generation of young children. Working paper 12 Summary Working paper 12
A block-iterative deterministic annealing algorithm for Bayesian tomographic reconstruction

We introduce a block iterative method to accelerate edge-preserving Bayesian reconstruction algorithms for emission tomography. Most common Bayesian approaches to tomographic reconstruction involve assumptions on the local spatial characteristics of the underlying source. To explicitly model the existence of anatomical boundaries, the line-process model has been often used. The unobservable binary line processes in this case acts to suspend smoothness constraints at sites where they are turned on. Deterministic annealing (DA) algorithms are known to provide an efficient means of handling the problems associated with mixed continuous and binary variable objectives. However, they are still computer intensive and require many iterations to converge. In this work, to further improve the DA algorithm by accelerating its convergence speed, we use a block-iterative (BI) method, which is derived from the ordered subset algorithm. The BI-DA algorithm processes the data in blocks within each iteration, thereby accelerating the convergence speed of a standard DA algorithm by a factor proportional to the number of blocks. The net conclusion is that, with moderate numbers of blocks and properly chosen hyperparameters, the BI-DA algorithm provides good reconstructions as well as a significant acceleration.
Resource Ambidexterity Through Alliance Portfolios and Firm Performance

Research summary: Partner resources can be an important alternative to internal firm resources for attaining dual and seemingly incompatible strategic objectives. We extend arguments about managing conflicting objectives typically made at the firm level to the level of a firm's alliance portfolio. Specifically, will a balance between revenue enhancement and cost reduction attained collectively through partner resources accessed via a firm's various alliances be similarly beneficial for firm performance? Additionally, how do strategic attributes of alliance portfolio configuration, specifically alliance portfolio size and partner resource scope, condition the balance-performance relationship? Based on data from the global airline industry, we find support for the balance-performance relationship, though such balance is less beneficial for firms in the case of access to a broader resource scope per partner. Managerial summary: Increasing revenue and reducing costs simultaneously can potentially enhance firm competitiveness. We highlight that an alliance strategy can be an important alternative to internal resources for attaining such dual strategic objectives, particularly when partner resources accessed through alliances are treated collectively as portfolios. We examine the importance of balancing product-market extending and efficiency-improving partner resources in the global airline industry as well as the impact of two alternate strategies for accessing resources through alliances: fewer partners with more resources per partner or more partners with fewer resources per partner. We find that resource balance at the portfolio level helps airlines improve performance. Our results also suggest that managers should be cautious of accessing too many resources through just a few partners. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in Color Vision and Contrast Sensitivity After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty for Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate contrast sensitivity, color vision, and subjective patient satisfaction after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in patients with bilateral Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED). Methods: From a group of 500 DMEK surgeries performed in our center, patients with a history of bilateral FED and unilateral DMEK were identified. A total of 29 patients were included in the study and divided into 2 groups: phakic (n = 12) and pseudophakic unilateral DMEK (n = 17) and their contralateral, untreated FED-affected eye. In addition, a control group of 10 healthy eyes of 10 patients was included. Pelli–Robson contrast sensitivity and Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue color vision tests were performed. Subjective optical quality was graded with a questionnaire. Results: Compared with untreated FED-affected eyes, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was higher after DMEK in phakic and pseudophakic eyes (P = 0.030 and P < 0.001, respectively); a similar result was obtained for contrast sensitivity (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Color vision did not differ between untreated FED-affected and DMEK-operated eyes in the phakic group (P = 0.802) and the pseudophakic group (P = 0.227). Subjective optical quality was better in DMEK-operated eyes than in untreated FED-affected eyes in the phakic group (P < 0.001) and in the pseudophakic group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In FED, DMEK may not only be effective for obtaining a higher visual acuity but particularly improving the contrast sensitivity may also lead to better subjective optical performance. Although frequently mentioned spontaneously by patients, an objective change in color vision could not be substantiated. Hence, quantifying contrast sensitivity before surgery may aid in the decision for surgery, and in the evaluation of surgical outcome.
Potential influence of Web 2.0 usage and security practices of online users on information management

The proliferation of Web 2.0 applications was the impetus for this survey-based research into practices that online users currently employ when using Web 2.0 sites. As part of the study, the popularity of Web 2.0 technologies and sites among online users at a university was investigated to determine the extent of the potential threat to corporate security, arising from Web 2.0 use and access. The results of this study indicate that the use of Web 2.0 sites is very popular among students, as a proxy for the potential future business users, and that users are not necessarily aware of the risks associated with these sites. The respondents indicated that they regularly visit Web 2.0 sites, and that they post personal information on these sites. This is of concern in protecting arguably the most valuable asset of a business.
Chloroplast DNA‐based studies in molecular ecology may be compromised by nuclear‐encoded plastid sequence

Ongoing genetic transfer from mitochondria and plastids into the nucleus is a well‐documented fact. While in metazoan molecular ecology the need for surveillance against pseudogene‐mediated artefacts when analysing mtDNA sequences is commonly accepted, no comparable measurements have been established for plastid‐based studies. We highlight the impact and management of nuclear mitochondrial insertions, argue that nuclear plastid sequences represent an underestimated but major factor in plant molecular ecology, and discuss potential avenues of remedy in chloroplast studies.
Certifying small and community producers in developing countries: prospects for adoption and diffusion

Certification can be a useful tool to enhance benefits received by small-scale forest producers. Yet its diffusion among communities and smallholders in developing regions has been slow and challenging. The theory of innovation adoption and diffusion states that once a critical mass of early adopters has been reached and aided to become certified, then certification should diffuse more rapidly as success stories are communicated through networks. Using informant interviews of international experts on small-scale producer certification, this study describes characteristics of situations where communities and smallholders seem to be most ready for certification. These characteristics can help to identify potential early adopters as a means of enhancing the diffusion process by aiding in the recruitment of a critical mass of adopters. However, the study also found that without fundamental changes in the conditions that hinder the development of small-scale forest enterprises, and in the certification process itself, it is unlikely that adoption of certification among smallholders and communities will go far towards reaching that needed critical mass.
Numerical simulations of passing seismic waves at the Larderello‐Travale Geothermal Field, Italy

Passing seismic waves released by large‐magnitude earthquakes may affect geological systems located thousands of miles far from the epicenter. The M9.0 Tohoku earthquake struck on 11 March 2011 in Japan. We detected local seismic activity at the Larderello‐Travale geothermal field, Italy, coinciding with the maximum amplitudes of the Rayleigh waves generated by the Tohoku earthquake. We suggest that the earthquakes were triggered by passing Rayleigh waves that induced locally a maximum vertical displacement of approximately 7.5 mm (for waves with period of 100 s). The estimated dynamic stress was about 8 kPa for a measured peak ground velocity of 0.8 mm/s. Previous similar observations pointed out local seismicity at the Larderello‐Travale Geothermal Field triggered by the 2012 Mw5.9 Po Plain earthquake. We conducted forward numerical modeling to investigate the effects caused by passing P, S, Love, and Rayleigh waves through the known velocity structure of the geothermal field. Results indicate that maximum displacements focus differently when considering body or surface waves, with displacement values being higher within the first 2 km of depth. The focusing of the displacement below 3 km seems to be strongly controlled by the velocity structure of the Larderello‐Travale geothermal field. We propose that seismic activity triggered by passing seismic waves may be related to a clock‐advancing mechanism for local seismic events that may have occurred in any case. Furthermore, our analysis shows that local anisotropies in the velocity structure of the Larderello‐Travale geothermal field (possibly linked to compartments of elevated pore pressures) strongly control the reactivation of regions of the geothermal field affected by passing seismic waves.
Patterns and Determinants of Intra Industry Trade for the Mexican Non-Maquiladora Manufacturing Industry

This study proposes that a quantification of bilateral IIT executed without differentiation of the maquiladora component overestimates the IIT index for Mexico with its North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) partners. The adjusted index performed in this paper shows that Mexican trade benefits from NAFTA are overvalued. After the non-maquiladora IIT index is differentiated according to its horizontal or vertical nature, this study finds that the Mexican non-maquiladora IIT is mainly of a vertical nature. In addition, an econometric estimation of the determinants encompasses several variables which differentiate between horizontal and vertical IIT. This work finds that differences in market size, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), product differentiation and trade restrictions were significant determinants of this trade.
Customer Involvement in New Service Development: An Examination of Antecedents and Outcomes*

Customer involvement has been recognized as an important factor for successful service development. Despite its acknowledged importance, a review of the literature suggests that there is little empirical evidence about the effectiveness and outcomes of interacting with customers while developing new services. Similarly, the extant literature shows mixed views about the effect of technological uncertainty on customer involvement and the effectiveness of customer involvement at different stages of the new service development process. Against this backdrop, the present study has three objectives: (1) to investigate the effects of customer involvement on operational dimensions (i.e., innovation speed and technical quality) and market dimensions (i.e., competitive superiority and sales performance) of new service performance; (2) to examine the effect of technological novelty and technological turbulence on customer involvement; and (3) to explore the moderating effect of the stage of the development process on the relationships among technological novelty, technological turbulence and customer involvement, and customer involvement and new service performance. A total of 807 firms with 75 or more employees in a varied set of industries were selected from the Dun & Bradstreet's 2004 listing of Spanish service firms. A questionnaire was mailed to the person in charge of new service development at each company. A total of 102 complete questionnaires were returned. Findings reveal that whereas customer involvement has a positive direct effect on technical quality and innovation speed, it has an indirect effect on competitive superiority and sales performance through both technical quality and innovation speed. The study also finds a positive effect of technological novelty as well as technological turbulence on customer involvement. Contrary to expectations, the study does not find any moderating effects of the stage of the development process. This study has several theoretical and managerial implications. In terms of theoretical implications, the study supports the role of technological uncertainty (novelty and turbulence) as an antecedent to customer involvement. It also provides empirical evidence of the impact of customer involvement on operational and market dimensions of new service performance. In terms of managerial implications, the study offers critical insights on how customer involvement in new service development translates into improved new service performance. Furthermore, it reveals that the importance of customer involvement in technologically uncertain contexts and its impact on new service performance are independent of the stage of the development process, suggesting that managers should involve customers throughout the entire development process.
Atomic force microscopy studies of living cells: visualization of motility, division, aggregation, transformation, and apoptosis.

Atomic force microscopy, in contact mode, has been used to image living mammalian cells in culture at both low and high resolutions. The method is shown practical for revealing cytoskeletal features beneath the cell membrane and their restructuring during a variety of cellular activities. Among the processes that we have visualized are locomotion, tissue formation, cell division, transformation by viruses, and cell death. We show that some processes that occur well within cells can, nonetheless, be observed using the atomic force probe. At high resolution, features on the cell surface on the order of 0.5 micron and their changes with time, can be recorded.