Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributional patterns of bacterial diarrhoeagenic agents and antibiograms of isolates from diarrhoeaic and non-diarrhoeaic patients in urban and rural areas of Nigeria.

OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of bacteria that could cause diarrhoea in stool specimens of individuals with and without diarrhoea in both urban and rural areas of Nigeria. To ascertain the antibiotic susceptibilities of the bacterial diarrhoeagenic agents isolated. To document the predominant signs and symptoms associated with the various bacterial agents of diarrhoea. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Patients/individuals attending government and private clinics in Lagos, Edo and Cross-River States of Nigeria. SUBJECTS A total of 1,200 stool samples were collected from patients with diarrhoea. Another total of 1,200 stool specimens were obtained from controls. RESULTS For diarrhoea cases in urban areas Campylobacter spp. were more predominant (28%) and were followed by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) (28%) whereas in rural areas, EPEC were the most commonly isolated bacteria (18%), closely followed by Salmonella spp. (16%). Controls had a similar distribution pattern. Higher rates of isolation of these enteric bacteria were recorded among diarrhoea cases than in controls (p < 0.05). Diarrhoea due to Vibrio, Yersinia, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas and EPEC was mainly watery whereas it mainly consisted of blood/mucus for Shigella and Salmonella. All were associated with abdominal pain and fever. Results presented also indicate that over 80% of Shigella species, Salmonella, EPEC and P. shigelloides were susceptible to nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin. Virtually all the enteropathogens were resistant to commonly used antibiotics such ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracyclines and streptomycin. CONCLUSION Results show that distributional patterns of bacterial agents of diarrhoea may vary in urban and rural areas and have revealed the effectiveness of nalidixic acid, gentamicin and nitrofurantoin, in that order, against these enteropathogens.
Midsummer Combinatorial Workshop 2010

In this talk, we introduce two kinds of power for graphs [2, 3]. First, for a given graph G, we consider G r s , i.e., the rth power of the sth subdivision of G, and we present some basic properties of this power. In the sequel, we introduce the graph power G 2s+1 2̃r+1 . We show that these powers can be considered as the dual of each other. Precisely, we show that G 2r+1 2s+1 −→ H ⇐⇒ G −→ H 2s+1 2̃r+1 . Next, we review some coloring properties of graph powers [4]. In this regard, we show that if 2r+1 2s+1 ≤ χc(G) 3(χc(G)−2) , then χc(G ) = (2s+1)χc(G) (s−r)χc(G)+2r+1 . Also, we present an upper bound for the fractional chromatic number of subdivision graphs. Precisely, we show that χf (G ) ≤ (2s+1)χf (G) sχf (G)+1 .
The acceptance and rejection of peers with ADHD and ASD in general secondary education

ABSTRACT The authors focused on analyzing (a) peer acceptance and peer rejection of typically developing students, students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in general secondary education; (b) attitudes of general secondary-aged students toward peers with ADHD and ASD; and (c) the relationship between peer acceptance/rejection and students' attitudes. A cross-sectional study was performed (n = 437 typically developing students, n = 28 students with ADHD/ASD; range = 12–15 years old). Students were asked to indicate with whom they prefer to hang out or preferably not want to hang out (peer acceptance and peer rejection). Attitudes were assessed using the Attitude Survey Toward Inclusive Education. Multilevel analysis showed significant differences between students with ADHD and ASD and typically developing peers on peer acceptance and higher on peer rejection. Second, typically developing peers showed neutral attitudes toward peers with ADHD or ASD. Third, the results showed that students' rejection and attitudes of peers significantly relate to each other.
Intelligence and family size reconsidered.

Abstract The major purpose of this study is to examine the association between the measured intelligence and fertility of over 9,000 persons who graduated high school in Wisconsin in 1957. Various measures of association are considered, including the IQ selection differential, which provides an estimate of what the generational change in mean IQ would be if, hypothetically, each child in the birth histories had the same IQ as the mean of its parents’ IQ's. This is calculated not only for graduates but also, more realistically, for the complete cohort, including dropouts. The IQ selection differential for the complete cohort is estimated to be eight‐tenths of an IQ point decline in a generation. The contribution of females to this decline is estimated to be almost five times greater than the contribution of males. The value of eight‐tenths may be viewed as an upper bound of the generational decline in mean genotypic IQ for this cohort and its offspring. An educated guess, based partly on genetic models and.
THE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF ECCRINE POROMA.

W E are reporting here observations on the histology and histochemistry of an example of the tumour described by Pinkus, Rogin and Goldman (19.56) as eccrine poroma. Our results support their contention that the tumour is derived from sweat duct epithelium. The clinical details of the case have already been reported (Hare, 1961) and we are indebted to Dr. Hare for giving u.s a portion of the tumour fresh and suitable for enzyme studies. BvieHy, the patient was a man aged 53 who had a painless lump on the plantar surface of the right heel for two years The lesion was a fleshy pink fungiform mass about one centimetre in diameter which arose from a shallow depression in the sole and was surrounded by a hyperkeratotic collar. The tumour and a rim of the normal skin around it were excised under general anaesthesia.
Running Exercise Alleviates Pain and Promotes Cell Proliferation in a Rat Model of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Chronic low back pain accompanied by intervertebral disk degeneration is a common musculoskeletal disorder. Physical exercise, which is clinically recommended by international guidelines, has proven to be effective for degenerative disc disease (DDD) patients. However, the mechanism underlying the analgesic effects of physical exercise on DDD remains largely unclear. The results of the present study showed that mechanical withdrawal thresholds of bilateral hindpaw were significantly decreased beginning on day three after intradiscal complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) injection and daily running exercise remarkably reduced allodynia in the CFA exercise group beginning at day 28 compared to the spontaneous recovery group (controls). The hindpaw withdrawal thresholds of the exercise group returned nearly to baseline at the end of experiment, but severe pain persisted in the control group. Histological examinations performed on day 70 revealed that running exercise restored the degenerative discs and increased the cell densities of the annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP). Furthermore, immunofluorescence labeling revealed significantly higher numbers of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells in the exercise group on days 28, 42, 56 and 70, which indicated more rapid proliferation compared to the control at the corresponding time points. Taken together, these results suggest that running exercise might alleviate the mechanical allodynia induced by intradiscal CFA injection via disc repair and cell proliferation, which provides new evidence for future clinical use.
Instruction Cache Energy Saving Through Compiler Way-Placement

Fetching instructions from a set-associative cache in an embedded processor can consume a large amount of energy due to the tag checks performed. Recent proposals to address this issue involve predicting or memoizing the correct way to access. However, they also require significant hardware storage which negates much of the energy saving. This paper proposes way-placement to save instruction cache energy. The compiler places the most frequently executed instructions at the start of the binary and at runtime these are mapped to explicit ways within the cache. We compare with a state-of-the-art hardware technique and show that our scheme saves almost 50% of the instruction cache energy compared to 32% for the hardware approach. We report results on a variety of cache sizes and associativities, achieving 59% instruction cache energy savings and an ED product of 0.80 in the best configuration with negligible hardware overhead and no ISA changes.
Assessing Online Media Content Trustworthiness, Relevance and Influence: an Introductory Survey

The increasing popularity of social media articles and microblogging systems is changing the way online information is produced: users are both content publishers and content consumers. Since information is produced and shared by common users, who usually have a limited domain knowledge, and due to an exponential growth of the available information, assessing online content trustworthiness is vital. Several works in the state of the art approach this issue and propose different models to estimate online content trustworthiness, content relevance and user influence. In this paper we investigate the most relevant research works in this domain, highlighting their common characteristics and peculiarities in terms of content source type, trust-related content features, trust evaluation methods and performance assessment techniques.
Modulation of CXC Chemokine Receptor Expression and Function in Human Neutrophils during Aging In Vitro Suggests a Role in Their Clearance from Circulation

In mice, differential regulation of CXC chemokine receptor expression in circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) undergoing senescence results in homing to the bone marrow. However, the role of this compartment and of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 is still under discussion, and only scarce data exist about CXCR4 function in human PMN. In our study, we provide evidence that also in human neutrophils, expression (cell surface and mRNA), chemotactic and signaling functions of the homing-related chemokine receptor CXCR4 are upregulated during aging in vitro, independent of addition of stimulatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1, IL-8, G-CSF). In contrast, interleukin-8 receptors are downmodulated (CXCR2) or remain unchanged (CXCR1), suggesting that human PMNs undergoing senescence acquire a phenotype that impairs inflammatory extravasation and favors homing to the bone marrow or other tissues involved in sequestration. Partially retained responsiveness to interleukin-8 may be important for neutrophil function when senescence occurs after extravasation in inflamed tissues.
Integrated motion control for walking, jumping and running on a small bipedal entertainment robot

This paper proposes the integrated motion control method to make a bipedal humanoid walk, jump and run. This method generates dynamically consistent motion patterns in real-time based on the concept of the dynamics filter, which assures that the force and the moment generated by the robot can equilibrate with that caused by the environment. The validity of the algorithm is verified by the dynamic simulation. The proposed method is applied to the real humanoid "QRIO" under the adaptive controls, and stable walking, jumping and running including the transitions between them are realized.
HOWDY: an integrated database system for human genome research

HOWDY is an integrated database system for accessing and analyzing human genomic information (http://www-alis.tokyo.jst.go.jp/HOWDY/). HOWDY stores information about relationships between genetic objects and the data extracted from a number of databases. HOWDY consists of an Internet accessible user interface that allows thorough searching of the human genomic databases using the gene symbols and their aliases. It also permits flexible editing of the sequence data. The database can be searched using simple words and the search can be restricted to a specific cytogenetic location. Linear maps displaying markers and genes on contig sequences are available, from which an object can be chosen. Any search starting point identifies all the information matching the query. HOWDY provides a convenient search environment of human genomic data for scientists unsure which database is most appropriate for their search.
Discovering latent blockmodels in sparse and noisy graphs using non-negative matrix factorisation

Blockmodelling is an important technique in social network analysis for discovering the latent structure in graphs. A blockmodel partitions the set of vertices in a graph into groups, where there are either many edges or few edges between any two groups. For example, in the reply graph of a question and answer forum, blockmodelling can identify the group of experts by their many replies to questioners, and the group of questioners by their lack of replies among themselves but many replies from experts. Non-negative matrix factorisation has been successfully applied to many problems, including blockmodelling. However, these existing approaches can fail to discover the true latent structure when the graphs have strong background noise or are sparse, which is typical of most real graphs. In this paper, we propose a new non-negative matrix factorisation approach that can discover blockmodels in sparse and noisy graphs. We use synthetic and real datasets to show that our approaches have much higher accuracy and comparable running times.
Performance Analysis of STBC-OFDM Systems in Temporally or Spatially Correlated Fading Channels

This paper analyzes the performance of space-time block coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In our analysis, we abandon the usually made assumption of quasi-static channel conditions. Instead of this, we consider the more general and realistic case that the channel envelope changes during two consecutive transmission time slots. In addition, we take the spatial correlation between sub-channels into account. We first present a general formal expression for the bit error probability (BEP), from which we find analytical solutions for the BEP not only for temporally fading channels but also for spatially correlated channels. The knowledge of the obtained analytical solutions makes the determination of the BEP less time-consuming compared with system simulations. Moreover, they give a deep insight into the impact of the Doppler effect and the antenna spacing on the system performance.
Engineering of pre-vascularized urethral patch with muscle flaps and hypoxia-activated hUCMSCs improves its therapeutic outcome

Tissue engineering has brought new hopes for urethral reconstruction. However, the absence of pre‐vascularization and the subsequent degradation of materials often lead to the failure of in vivo application. In this study, with the assistance of hypoxia‐activated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs), pedicled muscle flaps were used as materials and pre‐incubated in ventral penile subcutaneous cavity of rabbit for 3 weeks to prepare a pre‐vascularized urethral construct. We found that small vessels and muscle fibres were scattered in the construct after 3 weeks' pre‐incubation. The construct presented a fibrous reticular structure, which was similar to that of the corpus spongiosum under microscope examination. The produced constructs were then used as a patch graft for reconstruction of the defective rabbit urethra (experimental group), natural muscular patch was used as control (control group). Twelve weeks after the reconstructive surgery, urethrography and urethroscope inspections showed wide calibres of the reconstructed urethra in the experimental group. Histopathological studies revealed that fibrous connective tissues and abundant muscle fibres constituted the main body of the patch‐grafted urethra. In contrast, in the control group, only adipose tissue was found in the stenosis‐reconstructed urethra, replacing the originally grafted muscular tissue. To our knowledge, this is the first report that successfully constructed a pre‐vascularized urethral construct by using hypoxia‐activated hUCMSC and pedicled muscle flaps. More importantly, the pre‐vascularized construct showed a good performance in urethral reconstruction when applied in vivo. The study provided a novel strategy for tissue engineering of pre‐vascularized urethral construct for the defective urethra, representing a further advancement in urethral reconstruction.
Personalities of Travel Agents with Strong Sales Records in Taiwan

Studies have shown that a certain personality leads to higher job performance. This finding has led many companies to use personality traits when they hire employees. Despite abundant studies on personality, little is known about suitable personality traits for travel agents, especially in Taiwan. With 230 travel agents working in sales departments for corporate clients and transient travelers in Taiwan, their personalities, actual sales records, and managers’ performance evaluations were used to identify significant personality traits affecting job performance. The results reflect different personality traits for travel agents working with corporate clients and individual transient travelers. The results revealed that travel agents working with corporate contracts have strong commanding and continuative personalities but weak innovative and independent personalities. On the contrary, the agents working with transient travelers showed strong innovative, commending, independent, and sympathy personalities but a weak deliberate personality. Based on the findings, the implications are discussed.
Dynamic economic dispatch for microgrids including battery energy storage

Microgrids integrate distributed renewable energy resources, controllable loads and energy storage in a more economic and reliable fashion. Battery energy storage units are essential for microgrid operation, which make microgird become a strong coupling system in the time domain. Hence, the traditional methods of static dispatch are no longer suitable for microgrids. This paper proposes a dynamic economic dispatch method. Considering microgrid as a discrete time system, the dynamic economic dispatch is to find the optimal control strategy for the system in finite time period. Based on this idea, the dynamic economic dispatch model for microgrids is established, and then the corresponding dynamic programming algorithm is designed. Finally, an example of microgrid is given, and the dynamic economic dispatch results are compared with that of the static dispatch. The comparison confirms the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic dispatch method.
On the origin, homologies and evolution of primate facial muscles, with a particular focus on hominoids and a suggested unifying nomenclature for the facial muscles of the Mammalia

The mammalian facial muscles are a subgroup of hyoid muscles (i.e. muscles innervated by cranial nerve VII). They are usually attached to freely movable skin and are responsible for facial expressions. In this study we provide an account of the origin, homologies and evolution of the primate facial muscles, based on dissections of various primate and non‐primate taxa and a review of the literature. We provide data not previously reported, including photographs showing in detail the facial muscles of primates such as gibbons and orangutans. We show that the facial muscles usually present in strepsirhines are basically the same muscles that are present in non‐primate mammals such as tree‐shrews. The exceptions are that strepsirhines often have a muscle that is usually not differentiated in tree‐shrews, the depressor supercilii, and lack two muscles that are usually differentiated in these mammals, the zygomatico‐orbicularis and sphincter colli superficialis. Monkeys such as macaques usually lack two muscles that are often present in strepsirhines, the sphincter colli profundus and mandibulo‐auricularis, but have some muscles that are usually absent as distinct structures in non‐anthropoid primates, e.g. the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labii superioris, nasalis, depressor septi nasi, depressor anguli oris and depressor labii inferioris. In turn, macaques typically lack a risorius, auricularis anterior and temporoparietalis, which are found in hominoids such as humans, but have muscles that are usually not differentiated in members of some hominoid taxa, e.g. the platysma cervicale (usually not differentiated in orangutans, panins and humans) and auricularis posterior (usually not differentiated in orangutans). Based on our observations, comparisons and review of the literature, we propose a unifying, coherent nomenclature for the facial muscles of the Mammalia as a whole and provide a list of more than 300 synonyms that have been used in the literature to designate the facial muscles of primates and other mammals. A main advantage of this nomenclature is that it combines, and thus creates a bridge between, those names used by human anatomists and the names often employed in the literature dealing with non‐human primates and non‐primate mammals.
Spectral estimation using nonuniform sampling

Nonuniform data appears in many applications including phased array radar. If a radar is tracking several targets, it may pulse each target at nonuniformly spaced instants in time. One may characterize a target's motion by its precession and spin frequencies, which can be determined from the radar return. Several methods for spectral estimation using nonuniform sampling are presented and compared. Two effective methods, interpolation and filter banks, are based on periodic nonuniform sampling, or burst sampling. Each burst of samples is taken from a uniform grid and, for the case where only thirty percent of the possible target motion frequencies are of potential interest, they contain approximately five samples. The spacing between bursts is also uniform, approximately fifteen samples long. Both these methods make apriori assumptions that the spectrum is bandlimited and both methods break down if the spectral assumptions are incorrect. In both cases the spectral (bandlimited) assumptions in the frequency domain restrict the sample pattern in the time domain. Methods are compared when approximately thirty percent of the samples are retained from a uniform grid of approximately fifty samples. When the amplitudes of the precession and spin components are approximately equal, the methods which make no spectral assumptions perform adequately. However, in practice the precession component may be greater than the spin component by 10dB or more and assumptions must be made. From simulation results, the two methods that make assumptions do in fact prove to be the only methods considered in this thesis that are useable when the 10dB amplitude ratio exists under the fifty-sample constraint. These two methods are finally compared using real radar data. Thesis Supervisor: David H. Staelin Title: Professor