Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compilers for power and energy management

Optimizing compilers perform program analyses and transformations at different levels of program abstraction, ranging from source code, intermediate code such as three address code, to assembly and machine code. Analyses and transformations can have different scopes. They can be performed within a single basic block (local), across basic blocks but within a procedure (global), or across procedure boundaries (interprocedural). Traditionally, optimizing compilers try to reduce overall program execution time or resource usage such as memory. The compilation process itself can be done before program execution (static compilation), or during program execution (dynamic compilation). This large design space is the main challenge for compiler writers. Many tradeoffs have to be considered in order to justify the development and implementation of a particular optimization pass or strategy. However, every compiler optimization needs to address the following three issues:
Implementation of learning analytics framework for MOOCs using state-of-the-art in-memory computing

MOOC aims at delivering online courses to tens of thousands to millions of heterogeneous learners at the same time, with minimal or no charge. It provides an alternate way to disseminate quality education to the section of people who cannot reach premier institutions. It has great potential to overcome the barriers of traditional learning systems. However, there are several challenges in MOOCs such as huge drop-out rates, improper automated assessments, varied student engagement, and attention etc. Learning Analytics helps us to contain such issues. Learning analytics, with the help of Big Data Technologies, helps us to interpret humongous MOOCs data to assess progress, predict performance and identify problems. To perform analytics, we developed a workflow using Apache Spark, a scalable inmemory computing framework. The data from edX platform has been used for experiments. It contains the information of more than 2 Lakh students from 39 courses. Initially, detailed statistical analysis has been carried out to understand the learning patterns and the behavior of online learners. Later, we have developed drop-out prediction models using various machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest, Gradient Boost, and Logistic Regression. A stacked ensemble model is developed and performance comparison with baseline models is carried out. It outperformed all other models with an accuracy of 91.2%.
Adenovirus types 2, 8, and 37 associated with genital infections in patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic

Adenoviruses (Ads) are an important cause of respiratory illness, conjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis, but they are seldom recognized as a potential cause of sexually transmitted disease. We performed virus cultures on approximately 7,000 patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic or other health department clinics for the evaluation of genital ulcers, urethritis, or conjunctivitis. Ads were isolated from genital or conjunctival specimens obtained from 23 (0.33%) patients. Among the 20 Ad-positive men, 15 (75%) had urethritis, 12 (60%) had conjunctivitis, and 10 (50%) had both. All three Ad-positive women had vaginal discharge and genital ulcers or fissures. Ad isolates from 17 patients were available for serotyping. Ad type 37 was isolated from 14 patients, Ad type 8 was isolated from 2 patients, and Ad type 2 was isolated from 1 patient. In three of the Ad type 37 cases, Ad was recovered from both urethral and conjunctival specimens. One of the Ad type 8 cases had conjunctivitis, but the Ad type 2 case did not. Ads, particularly type 37, may be a sexually transmissible cause of genital ulcers, urethritis, and conjunctivitis.
A Multi-Urn Model for Network Search

We consider the problem of finding a specific target individual hiding in a social network. We propose a method for network vertex search that looks for the target vertex by sequentially examining the neighbors of a set of "known" vertices to which the target vertex may have connected. The objective is to find the target vertex as quickly as possible from amongst the neighbors of the known vertices. We model this type of search as successively drawing marbles from a set of urns, where each urn represents one of the known vertices and the marbles in each urn represent the respective vertex's neighbors. Using a dynamic programming approach, we analyze this model and show that there is always an optimal "block" policy, in which all of the neighbors of a known vertex are examined before moving on to another vertex. Surprisingly, this block policy result holds for arbitrary dependencies in the connection probabilities of the target vertex and known vertices. Furthermore, we give precise characterizations of the optimal block policy in two specific cases: (1) when the connections between the known vertices and the target vertex are independent, and (2) when the target vertex is connected to at most one known vertex. Finally, we provide some general monotonicity properties and discuss the relevance of our findings in social media and other applications.
Identification of hearing disorder by multi-band entropy cepstrum extraction from infant's cry

Infant's cry is a multimodal behavior that contains a lot of information about the infant, particularly, information about the health of the infant. In this paper a new feature in infant cry analysis is presented for recognition two groups: infants with hearing disorder and normal infants, by Mel frequency multi-band entropy cepstrum extraction from infant's cry. Signal processing stage is included by silence elimination, filtering, pre-emphasizing and feature extraction. After taking Fourier transform, spectral entropy was computed as single feature for all of cry sample. In classifying stage, by training artificial neural network, correction rate of recognition was obtained 73.6%. In order to enhancement in results, we used Mel filter bank. Entropy of each sub-band constitutes elements of next feature vector. By applying Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) over logarithm of this vector, new feature vector were obtained, we named them MFECs. By MFECs vectors we achieved 88.3% of correction rate. So, MFECs are convenient features to classify cry of infants with hearing disorder from normal infants.
Towards Physical Intrusion Detection Method Based on Machine Learning and Context-Aware Activity Recognition in Real-Time

Sensor-based human activity recognition is getting increasingly popular in various applications. Most of the related work within dense-sensing based approaches assume that large number of different multimodal sensors are placed on the objects in the environment (which is rarely the case in today’s real life home environments), that sensor data is not processed in real-time and that activity to be classified is always performed within the same context, thus perform poorly when tested in real life scenarios. In this paper we report on the current status and future steps towards a generic context-aware method for human activity recognition, based on a real-time raw sensor data stream coming from a minimum number of sensors placed in the environment. We propose a hybrid method based on state-of-the-art data-driven and knowledge-driven approaches. Proposed method is being developed and will be validated on the example of the application for robust physical intrusion detection on home doors in real life environment. Key-Words: activity recognition, machine learning, context-aware, real-time, dense-sensing, accelerometer,
Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis through RNF145-dependent ubiquitination of SCAP

Cholesterol homeostasis is maintained through concerted action of the SREBPs and LXRs. Here, we report that RNF145, a previously uncharacterized ER membrane ubiquitin ligase, participates in crosstalk between these critical signaling pathways. RNF145 expression is induced in response to LXR activation and high-cholesterol diet feeding. Transduction of RNF145 into mouse liver inhibits the expression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and reduces plasma cholesterol levels. Conversely, acute suppression of RNF145 via shRNA-mediated knockdown, or chronic inactivation of RNF145 by genetic deletion, potentiates the expression of cholesterol biosynthetic genes and increases cholesterol levels both in liver and plasma. Mechanistic studies show that RNF145 triggers ubiquitination of SCAP on lysine residues within a cytoplasmic loop essential for COPII binding, potentially inhibiting its transport to Golgi and subsequent processing of SREBP-2. These findings define an additional mechanism linking hepatic sterol levels to the reciprocal actions of the SREBP-2 and LXR pathways.
Adherent‐Invasive Escherichia coli Induce Claudin‐2 Expression and Barrier Defect in CEABAC10 Mice and Crohn's Disease Patients§

Background: Abnormal expression of CEACAM6 observed on the ileal epithelium in Crohn's disease (CD) patients allows adherent‐invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) to colonize gut mucosa. Since intestinal permeability is significantly increased in CD patients, we aimed at investigating whether and how AIEC alter barrier function. Methods: Tissue microarray was performed on ileal biopsies from CD patients in quiescent and active phases. CEABAC10 or wildtype mice were orally challenged with 109 bacteria. Intestinal permeability was assessed by measuring 4 kDa dextran‐FITC flux in serum, barrier integrity was analyzed using biotin tracer experiment, and claudin‐2 protein immunostaining. Bacterial translocation was analyzed in Ussing chambers. Results: Pore‐forming tight junction protein claudin‐2 is strongly expressed in the ileum of 51% patients in quiescent phase and in 49% of the patients with active CD. Infection of CEABAC10 transgenic mice expressing human CEACAMs with AIEC, but not with nonpathogenic E. coli, led to a significant 3.0‐fold increase in intestinal permeability and to disruption of mucosal integrity in a type 1 pili‐dependent mechanism. This is consistent with the claudin‐2 abnormal expression at the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells observed in AIEC‐infected CEABAC10 mice. AIEC bacteria were able to translocate through CEABAC10 intestinal mucosa. Conclusions: These findings strongly support the hypothesis that AIEC type 1 pili‐mediated interaction with CEACAM6 abnormally expressed in the quiescent phase of CD may disrupt intestinal barrier integrity before the onset of inflammation. Thus, therapeutic targeting claudin‐2 induced by AIEC infection could be a new clinical strategy for preserving intestinal barrier function in CD patients. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;)
Networks of persons with syphilis and at risk for syphilis in Louisiana: evidence of core transmitters.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Differences in sociodemographic attributes and healthcare access may explain differences in regional sexually transmitted disease rates but don't fully explain why syphilis persists disproportionately in certain populations. GOAL OF THIS STUDY To understand the behavioral epidemiology of syphilis, we conducted a social network analysis of persons with syphilis and their contacts and developed and applied a definition of core transmitters. STUDY DESIGN We interviewed 10 index persons with primary or secondary untreated syphilis and 80 of their named sexual and social contacts. RESULTS Fourteen (16%) of 90 interviewed persons met the definition of core transmitters, 9 of whom had past or current syphilis. The other interviewed persons had only moderately risky behaviors. Seventy-eight (42%) of the network sexual contacts were connected directly or indirectly to a core transmitter. CONCLUSION This analysis suggests that syphilis transmission is maintained by a community with a small percentage of high-risk persons centrally placed amidst a larger group with moderately risky behavior.
Effective Intrusion Detection System using Data Mining Technique

Network Security has become the key foundation with the tremendous increase in usage of network-based services and information sharing on networks. Intrusion poses a serious risk to the network security and compromise integrity, confidentiality & availability of the computer and network resources. Human classification of network audit data is expensive, time consuming and a tedious job. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is one of the looms to detect attacks and anomalies in the network. Data mining technique has been widely applied in the network intrusion detection system by extracting useful knowledge from large number of network data. In this paper a hybrid model is proposed that integrates Anomaly based Intrusion detection technique with Signature based Intrusion detection technique is divided into two stages. In first stage, the signature based IDS SNORT is used to generate alerts for anomaly data. In second stage, data mining techniques "k-means + CART" is used to cascade k-means clustering and CART (Classification and Regression Trees) for classifying normal and abnormal activities. The hybrid IDS model is evaluated using KDD Cup Dataset. The proposed assemblage is introduced to maximize the effectiveness in identifying attacks and achieve high accuracy rate as well as low false alarm rate. Keywords- Anomaly Detection, Intrusion detection, data mining, k-means, CART, SNORT
Genetic Structure and Demographic History of the Endangered and Endemic Schizothoracine Fish Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

The endangered schizothoracine fish Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), but very little genetic information is available for this species. Here, we accessed the current genetic divergence of G. pachycheilus population to evaluate their distributions modulated by contemporary and historical processes. Population structure and demographic history were assessed by analyzing 1811-base pairs of mitochondrial DNA from 61 individuals across a large proportion of its geographic range. Our results revealed low nucleotide diversity, suggesting severe historical bottleneck events. Analyses of molecular variance and the conventional population statistic FST (0.0435, P = 0.0215) confirmed weak genetic structure. The monophyly of G. pachycheilus was statistically well-supported, while two divergent evolutionary clusters were identified by phylogenetic analyses, suggesting a microgeographic population structure. The consistent scenario of recent population expansion of two clusters was identified based on several complementary analyses of demographic history (0.096 Ma and 0.15 Ma). This genetic divergence and evolutionary process are likely to have resulted from a series of drainage arrangements triggered by the historical tectonic events of the region. The results obtained here provide the first insights into the evolutionary history and genetic status of this little-known fish.
Functional analysis of human mismatch repair gene mutations identifies weak alleles and polymorphisms capable of polygenic interactions

Many of the mutations reported as potentially causing Lynch syndrome are missense mutations in human mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Here, we used a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based system to study polymorphisms and suspected missense mutations in human MMR genes by modeling them at the appropriate S. cerevisiae chromosomal locus and determining their effect on mutation rates. We identified a number of weak alleles of MMR genes and MMR gene polymorphisms that are capable of interacting with other weak alleles of MMR genes to produce strong polygenic MMR defects. We also identified a number of alleles of MSH2 that act as if they inactivate the Msh2-Msh3 mispair recognition complex thus causing weak MMR defects that interact with an msh6Δ mutation to result in complete MMR defects. These results indicate that weak MMR gene alleles capable of polygenic interactions with other MMR gene alleles may be relatively common.
Helminth Parasites of the Bufflehead Duck, Bucephala Albeola, Wintering in the Chihuahua Desert with a Checklist of Helminth Parasites Reported From This Host

Abstract The bufflehead duck (Bucephala albeola) (Mergini) ranges from Alaska and Canada to the United States and Mexico. Buffleheads ingest invertebrates as a major component of their food throughout life. Puddle ducks (Anatinae) change mainly to vegetable foods at an early age. Loss of helminth parasite species and abundance in the fall migration has been reported for puddle ducks. This change in food has been hypothesized to cause some of the parasite loss. Nothing was known about helminth community dynamics in wintering buffleheads, including possible loss of helminths evident in puddle ducks. Helminth communities of the buffleheads were compared between wintering localities in the Chihuahua Desert of Texas and Mexico and to results from a nesting locality in Manitoba, Canada. There were no significant differences for average helminth species richness, prevalence, or abundance between the nesting and wintering grounds. Replenishment of helminths occurred in wintering buffleheads, and abundance of some helminth species increased significantly over time. The majority of helminth life cycles were indirect. These results were mostly related to the bufflehead's continued ingestion of invertebrate foods. Seven of the 41 helminth species present in buffleheads were in common to the 3 localities. Helminth community similarities between Manitoba and Texas and Manitoba and Mexico were much lower than similarity between Texas and Mexico. The dissimilarities were mostly attributable to differences in habitats but may also indicate loss of helminth species with subsequent infections with other species. The component community of the bufflehead from the Chihuahua Desert in Texas (n = 41) consisted of 23 species of helminths (10 species of cestodes, 7 trematodes, 4 nematodes, and 2 acanthocephalans) for a total of 4,008 individual specimens. Cestodes accounted for 69% of the total abundance. The component community of B. albeola from the Chihuahua Desert in Mexico (n = 26) consisted of 18 species of helminths (7 species of cestodes, 5 trematodes, 4 nematodes, and 2 acanthocephalans) for a total of 4,345 individual specimens. Cestodes accounted for 83% of the total abundance. The bufflehead shared 10 helminth species with other species of waterfowl utilizing habitats in the Chihuahua Desert. A checklist of all helminth parasites reported for buffleheads includes 27 identified to genera, 40 to species, and 12 species from buffleheads from the Chihuahua Desert in common with buffleheads from other localities.
Chloroplast microsatellite markers in Liriodendron tulipifera (Magnoliaceae) and cross-species amplification in L. chinense.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY A set of cpSSR markers were developed for the tree genus Liriodendron L. to investigate population genetic structure and phylogeographic history. METHODS AND RESULTS Primers were designed directly from the chloroplast genome sequences of Liriodendron tulipifera. Among the 55 cpSSR markers tested, 11 polymorphic markers were identified in L. tulipifera. The number of alleles in the population tested ranged from two to five, and the unbiased haploid diversity per locus ranged from 0.074 to 0.644. Eighteen primer pairs generated polymorphic amplification in L. chinense. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to seven, and the unbiased haploid diversity per locus was from 0.250 to 0.964. CONCLUSIONS cpSSR markers developed here will be useful for phylogeography and population genetics studies of Liriodendron.
Enhancement of mammograms from oriented information

Mammograms can depict most of the significant changes of breast disease. The primary radiographic signs of cancer are masses (its density, size, shape, borders), spicular lesions and calcification content. These features may be extracted according to their coherence and orientation and can provide important visual cues for radiologists to locate suspicious areas without generating false positives. An artifact free enhancement algorithm based on overcomplete multiscale wavelet analysis is presented. The novelty of this algorithm lies in its detection of directional features and removal of unwanted perturbations. Compared to existing multiscale enhancement approaches, images processed with this method appear more familiar to radiologists and naturally close to the original mammogram.
Identification of Genetic Variants of Gestational Diabetes in South Indians.

BACKGROUND This study examined the association in a South Indian population with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) of type 2 diabetes risk variants that have previously conferred susceptibility to GDM in other populations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study groups comprised 518 women with GDM and 910 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Women with GDM were recruited from a tertiary diabetes center in Chennai, in south India, and NGT women were selected from antenatal clinics also in Chennai. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood using the phenol chloroform method. Twelve previously reported GDM-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or near nine loci were genotyped using the MassARRAY™ system (Sequenom, San Diego, CA). RESULTS Among the 12 SNPs genotyped, 11 SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and had a call rate of >95%. Of the 11 SNPs previously associated with GDM in other populations, significant association was observed only with the rs7754840 and rs7756992 SNPs of the CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1-like 1 (CDKAL1) gene in this population. The minor alleles of the SNPs rs7754840 and rs7756992 showed significant susceptibility to GDM with an odds ratio of 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.60; P = 0.0013) and 1.45 (95% confidence interval, 1.21-1.72; P = 0.00004), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The rs7754840 and rs7756992 SNPs of the CDKAL1 gene were found to be associated with GDM in this south Indian population. This is the first study describing genetic susceptibility of GDM in Asian Indians.
Micropropagation, Micromorphological Studies, and In Vitro Flowering in Rungia pectinata L.

A tissue culture protocol was developed for an important medicinal plant Rungia pectinata L. in the present study. Nodal shoots were used as explants and surface-sterilized with 0.1% HgCl2 solution. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used to establish the cultures of R. pectinata. The bud break was reported on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). About 98% response was observed with this media combination and maximum 3.2 shoots per explant with 4.3 cm length were recorded. The shoots were further multiplied using MS medium augmented with 0.5 mg L−1 each of BAP and kinetin (Kin) + 0.1 mg L−1 indole-3 acetic acid (IAA). Maximum 13.2 shoots per explant with 5.2 cm length were observed. All the shoots were rooted (4.9 roots per shoot with 3.5 cm length) on half strength MS medium fortified with 2.0 mg L−1 indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). In vitro flowering was induced from the shoots on half strength MS medium supplemented with same concentrations and combinations of growth regulators used for shoot multiplication under 12/12 hr light/dark photoperiod. The plantlets were hardened in the greenhouse for two months and finally transferred to the field. The foliar micromorphological studies revealed the developmental changes in stomata, vein density, and trichomes during the culture of shoots under in vitro conditions.