Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early claiming of social security benefits and labour supply behaviour of older Americans

The labour supply incentives provided by the early retirement rules of the United States Social Security Old Age benefits program are of growing importance as the Normal Retirement Age (NRA) increases to 67 and the labour force participation of older Americans starts to increase. These incentives allow individuals who claim benefits before the NRA but continue to work, or return to the labour force, to increase their future rate of benefit pay by having benefits withheld. Since the adjustment of the benefit rate takes place only after the NRA is reached, benefits received before the NRA can become actuarially unfair for those who continue to work after claiming. Consistent with these incentives, estimates from bivariate models of the monthly labour force exit and claiming hazards using data from the Health and Retirement Study indicate that early claimers who do not withdraw from the labour force around the time they claim are increasingly likely to stay in the labour force.
Reconstructing Control Flow in Modulo Scheduled Loops

Software pipelining is a loop optimization technique used to exploit instruction level parallelism in the loop. EPIC architectures, such as Intel IA-64 (Itanium) provide extensive hardware support for software pipelining to generate compact and highly parallel code. However it transforms explicit conditional branches into implicit control flow based on the information of the guard registers. It is difficult to reconstruct precise control flow from the optimized code. This paper describes an approach to reconstruct implicit control flow in modulo scheduled loops and thereby improve the quality of reverse engineering optimized executables. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach through experiment results.
Re-Structuring Evaluation Findings into Useful Knowledge

Background: A long research stream has shown that when knowledge is more structured it is more likely to be effective in practical application. Building on that research, the authorsapplied Integrative Proposition Analysis to visualize, integrate, and assess the quality and usefulness of knowledge gained from the NMAC (formerly National Minority AIDS Council) Strong Communities evaluation. Purpose: Demonstrate an innovative method to rigorously integrate and strengthen knowledge gained from evaluation and to encourage discussion of future directions for developing stronger theories for more effective evaluation and more effective action. Setting: Birmingham, Alabama Intervention: A project to identify local strategies for community-based organizations and community health centers that serve African American and Latinx gay and bisexual men and transgender women to collaboratively meet HIV-related community needs. Research Design: The researchers applied Integrative Propositional Analysis to integrate and map concepts and causal connections emerging from the evaluation findings. The authorsthen analyzed the resulting map to identify top-mentioned concepts, better understood concepts, reinforcing loops, and knowledge gaps. Data Collection and Analysis: Integrative Propositional Analysis applied to a literature review and stakeholder interview transcripts collected for the evaluation. Findings: Integrating literature and interview results helped to identify several actions where providers of HIV-related services could increase their impact on combating the HIV epidemic among the communities they serve. The authorsalso identified a reinforcing loop; this shows opportunity to improve two desired outcomes by increasing one. In addition, the authorsidentified blank spots on the map; these show where additional research could strengthen the quality and usefulness of the mapped knowledge. Keywords: evaluation syntheses; Integrative Propositional Analysis; complexity; systems thinking; HIV; African American; Latinx; gay men; bisexual men; transgender women
Iterated multiple particle filtering

In the literature, there are claims stating that particle filters cannot be used for complex systems because their random measures degenerate to single particles. While this is true for standard implementation of these filters, it does not hold true for alternative approaches. A new methodology based on the principle of divide and conquer has already been proposed, where the collapse of traditional particle filtering is avoided by setting an interconnected network of filters, each of them working on lower dimensional spaces. In this paper we propose an enhanced version of multiple particle filtering, which uses tools of game theory for improved performance of the overall system. Computer simulations show that the new approach outperforms both standard and multiple particle filters.
Hybrid honeypot framework for malware collection and analysis

The popularity of the Internet is rising day by day, hence the security is becoming the main focused point with the advent and rising popularity of the Internet. In this paper we are proposing an integrated framework of malware collection and analysis using both of the technologies called server honeypots and client honeypots. As the server honeypots enable us to provide the deep understanding of the server side attacks whereas client honeypots enable us to provide the deep understandings of client side attacks. During our research on honeypot technologies, our main goal was to do the analysis of collected malwares from honeypots and for this we need the malwares samples from both the honeypots known as client and server honeypots. By using this integrated framework we are able to collect both types of attacks vectors. Here we are presenting malware collection and detection using both of the honeypot technologies known as client and server Honeypots. We introduce the design and implement of this system and give the results.
OASSIS: query driven crowd mining

Crowd data sourcing is increasingly used to gather information from the crowd and to obtain recommendations. In this paper, we explore a novel approach that broadens crowd data sourcing by enabling users to pose general questions, to mine the crowd for potentially relevant data, and to receive concise, relevant answers that represent frequent, significant data patterns. Our approach is based on (1) a simple generic model that captures both ontological knowledge as well as the individual history or habits of crowd members from which frequent patterns are mined; (2) a query language in which users can declaratively specify their information needs and the data patterns of interest; (3) an efficient query evaluation algorithm, which enables mining semantically concise answers while minimizing the number of questions posed to the crowd; and (4) an implementation of these ideas that mines the crowd through an interactive user interface. Experimental results with both real-life crowd and synthetic data demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach.
THE PRODUCTION OF ERYTHROCYTE AUTOANTIBODIES IN CHIMPANZEES

Young adult chimpanzees immunized with human blood products produced circulating antibodies which reacted with human red cells of a certain proportion of chimpanzees. In addition, agglutinins were formed which reacted with the animals' own erythrocytes. That these agglutinins were true autoantibodies was demonstrated by: (a) their ability to sensitize the animals' own erythrocytes at 37°C both in vivo and in intro; (b) the iso-specificity which they displayed toward other chimpanzee red cells; and (c) the fact that they belonged to the γG-class of immunoglobulins. Complement appeared to be bound to the in vivo sensitized cells but no evidence of increased cell destruction was observed. It seemed most likely that these autoagglutinins were produced as a result of active immunization with closely related antigens.
Evaluating Digital Library Effectiveness: A Survey at University of Tehran

Considering that the amount of money spent for implementing digital library is very high, it is therefore very crucial to evaluate its effectiveness. Since the implementation of digital library in the University of Tehran, Iran, no attempt has been made to evaluate its effectiveness. Against this concern, a study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the digital library from the user perspective. Building upon the Information Systems Success Model, this study measured digital library use and its corresponding determinants and impacts. Adopting the survey research methodology involving 425 students, the findings suggest that three library characteristics, namely, information quality, systems quality and service quality are predictors of digital library use. In addition, the findings also indicate that the degree of digital library use is impacting the user satisfaction and their personal sense of accomplishment.
The fitness training unit in U.S. Army basic combat training: physical fitness, training outcomes, and injuries.

This study involved a retrospective examination of physical fitness, training outcomes, and injury rates among personnel in the Fitness Training Unit (FTU). Personnel were assigned to the FTU based on low performance on push-ups, sit-ups, and/or a 1-mile run (N = 44 men, 95 women) and received an augmented physical fitness program before basic combat training (BCT). They were compared with 712 men and 379 women who took the same test but were not assigned to the FTU and went directly to BCT. FTU and non-FTU personnel trained in the same battalions. Army Physical Fitness Test scores and BCT outcomes (discharged or completed BCT in 8 weeks) were obtained from unit training records. Injuries during BCT were documented from a review of the medical records. On entry to BCT, FTU women had similar 2-mile run times compared with non-FTU women (21.6 vs. 21.5 minutes, respectively; p = 0.86); FTU men were considerably slower on the 2-mile run than non-FTU men (20.3 vs. 17.3 minutes; p < 0.01). FTU women and non-FTU women had similar graduation success (60% vs. 68%, respectively; p = 0.14) and time-loss injury rates (1.3 vs. 1.4 people injured/100 person-days, respectively; p = 0.90). FTU men were less likely to graduate than non-FTU men (55% vs. 82%; p < 0.01) and more likely to suffer a time-loss injury (1.2 vs. 0.7 people injured/100 person-days; p < 0.01). Efforts should be directed toward providing a sufficient training stimulus to improve the aerobic fitness level of men (as well as women) in the FTU.
Meta‐Analysis of Trauma‐Focused Therapies for Treating the Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

This meta-analysis of 46 between-groups studies published between 1997 and 2015 detected treatment effects ranging from large to small when comparing trauma-focused therapies with no treatment (g = −1.05), supportive interventions (g = −0.91), other interventions (g = −0.57), and non-trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapies (g = −0.08) for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The independent random-effects models detected modest publication bias and a negligible influence of moderating variables on treatment outcomes. Considerations for counselors who treat PTSD and suggestions for researchers are provided.
Engaging the Student Voice in Dialogue with Section 50 Inspection Criteria in Church in Wales Primary Schools: A Study in Psychometric Assessment

ABSTRACT The inspection criteria for schools with a religious character within the state-maintained system in England and Wales require the sponsoring body to report on aspects of the distinctiveness of the school ethos and on school worship. This article argues that taking into account the student voice in these areas could enhance the inspection process. Findings are reported for a pilot study conducted among 1,899 students between ages 9 and 11 years, attending year-five and -six classes within Church in Wales primary schools. On the basis of this pilot study, six short scales were constructed to assess student attitude toward: school ethos, school experience, school teachers, relationships in school, school environment, and school worship. The data reported satisfactory internal consistency reliability for each of the six scales. The scales are recommended for further application.
Strengths-based services offered to the homeless by non-governmental and faith-based organisations in Tshwane Region Three, South Africa

Homelessness is a global phenomenon that is escalating for economic, social, structural and political reasons. Many organisations render services to the homeless in the inner city of Tshwane (Region Three), but these services have not been explored. This article discusses a qualitative research study focusing on the social services rendered to the homeless in Tshwane Region Three. Beneficiaries of the services include men, women and children. Individual, family, group and community services are rendered. Services focus on basic needs, skills training and socio-emotional needs and are rendered from a strengths perspective. Research results indicate that the homeless are often involved in planning, assessing and implementing services. Service-rendering may be hindered by poor funding opportunities and ignorance of service providers regarding the content of policies and guiding documents. The lack of coordinated efforts can be ascribed to unawareness about the services rendered by other organisations. Recommendations include fostering collaboration between the government, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Faith-Based Organisations (FBOs). Specific policy related to the homeless must be formulated to guide service providers to provide a legislative framework for funding, service delivery and the development of training and financing for staff and volunteers of NGOs. Keywords: homelessness; social services; strengths perspective; developmental welfare approach
Analysis of DRAM-related proteins reveals evolutionarily conserved and divergent roles in the control of autophagy

Autophagy is a membrane-trafficking process that serves to deliver cytoplasmic proteins and organelles to the lysosome for degradation. The process is genetically defined and many of the factors involved are conserved from yeast to man. Recently, a number of new autophagy regulators have been defined, including the Damage-Regulated Autophagy Modulator (DRAM), which is a lysosomal protein that links autophagy and the tumor suppressor, p53. We describe here analysis of DRAM-related proteins which reveals evolutionary conservation and divergence of DRAM’s role in autophagy. We report that humans have 5 other proteins that show significant homology to DRAM. The closest of these, which we have termed DRAM2, displays 45% identity and 67% conservation when compared to DRAM. Interestingly, although similar to DRAM in terms of homology, DRAM2 is different from DRAM as it not induced by p53 or p73. DRAM2 is also a lysosomal protein, but again unlike DRAM its over-expression does not modulate autophagy. In contrast to humans, the Drosophila genome only encodes one DRAM-like protein, which is approximately equal in similarity to human DRAM and DRAM2. This questions, therefore, whether DRAM function is conserved from fly to man or whether DRAM’s capacity to regulate autophagy has evolved in higher eukaryotes. Expression of DmDRAM, however, clearly revealed an ability to modulate autophagy. This points, therefore, to a conserved role of DRAM in this process and that additional human proteins have more recently evolved which, while potentially sharing some similarities to DRAM function, may not be as intrinsically connected to autophagy regulation.
Microbial diversity and abundance in the Xinjiang Luliang long-term water-flooding petroleum reservoir

Microbial populations associated with microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) and their abundance in the Xinjiang Luliang water‐flooding petroleum reservoir were investigated using 16S rRNA, nitrate reductases, dissimilatory sulfate reductase, and methyl coenzyme‐M reductase‐encoded genes to provide ecological information for the potential application of MEOR. 16S rRNA gene miseq sequencing revealed that this reservoir harbored large amounts of taxa, including 155 bacterial and 7 archeal genera. Among them, Arcobacter, Halomonas, Marinobacterium, Marinobacter, Sphingomonas, Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, Dietzia, Ochrobactrum, Hyphomonas, Acinetobacter, and Shewanella were dominant, and have the potential to grow using hydrocarbons as carbon sources. Metabolic gene clone libraries indicated that the nitrate‐reducing bacteria (NRB) mainly belonged to Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Bradyrhizobium, Thauera, Magnetospirillum, Sinorhizobium, Azoarcus, and Rhodobacter; the sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) were Desulfarculus, Desulfomonile, Desulfosarcina, Desulfotignum, Desulfacinum, Desulfatibacillum, Desulfatibacillum, Desulfomicrobium, and Desulfovibrio; while the methanogens were archaea and belonged to Methanomethylovorans, Methanosaeta, Methanococcus, Methanolobus, and Methanobacterium. Real‐time quantitative PCR analysis indicated that the number of bacterial 16S rRNA reached 106 copies/mL, while the metabolic genes of NRB, SRB, and methanogens reached 104 copies/mL. These results show that the Luliang reservoir has abundant microbial populations associated with oil recovery, suggesting that the reservoir has potential for MEOR.
Local graph coloring and index coding

We present a novel upper bound for the optimal index coding rate. Our bound uses a graph theoretic quantity called the local chromatic number. We show how a good local coloring can be used to create a good index code. The local coloring is used as an alignment guide to assign index coding vectors from a general position MDS code. We further show that a natural LP relaxation yields an even stronger index code. Our bounds provably outperform the state of the art on index coding but at most by a constant factor.
Computational Complexities of Combinatorial Problems With Applications to Reverse Engineering of Biological Networks

The problems discussed here are motivated by a central concern of contemporary cell biology, that of unraveling (or “reverse engineering”) the web of interactions among the components of complex protein and genetic regulatory networks. Notwithstanding the remarkable progress in genetics and molecular biology in the sequencing of the genomes of a number of species, the inference and quantification of interconnections in signaling and genetic networks that are critical to cell function is still a challenging practical and theoretical problem. High-throughput technologies allow the monitoring the expression levels of sets of genes, and the activity states of signaling proteins, providing snapshots of the transcriptional and signaling behavior of living cells. Statistical and machine learning techniques, such as clustering, are often used in order to group genes ∗Supported by NSF grant CCR-0208821. †Supported in part by NSF grants CCR-0206795, CCR-0208749 and IIS-0346973. ‡Partly supported by NSF grants EIA 0205116 and DMS-0504557.
Runtime Monitoring Using Policy Based Approach to Control Information Flow for Mobile Apps

Mobile applications are verified to check the correctness or evaluated to check the performance with respect to specific security properties such as Availability, Integrity and Confidentiality. Where they are made available to the end users of the mobile application is achievable only to a limited degree using software engineering static verification techniques. The more sensitive the information, such as credit card data, personal medical information or personal emails being processed by mobile application, the more important it is to ensure the confidentiality of this information. Monitoring untrusted mobile application during execution in an environment where sensitive information is present is difficult and unnerving. The paper addresses the issue of monitoring and controlling the flow of confidential information during untrusted mobile application execution. The approach concentrates on providing a dynamic and usable information security solution by interacting with the mobile users during the runtime of mobile application in response to information flow events. Keywords—Mobile application, Run-time verification, Usable security, Direct information flow.
Progress in the Discovery of Treatments for C. difficile Infection: A Clinical and Medicinal Chemistry Review

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, Gram-positive pathogen that causes C. difficile infection, which results in significant morbidity and mortality. The incidence of C. difficile infection in developed countries has become increasingly high due to the emergence of newer epidemic strains, a growing elderly population, extensive use of broad spectrum antibiotics, and limited therapies for this diarrheal disease. Because treatment options currently available for C. difficile infection have some drawbacks, including cost, promotion of resistance, and selectivity problems, new agents are urgently needed to address these challenges. This review article focuses on two parts: the first part summarizes current clinical treatment strategies and agents under clinical development for C. difficile infection; the second part reviews newly reported anti-difficile agents that have been evaluated or reevaluated in the last five years and are in the early stages of drug discovery and development. Antibiotics are divided into natural product inspired and synthetic small molecule compounds that may have the potential to be more efficacious than currently approved treatments. This includes potency, selectivity, reduced cytotoxicity, and novel modes of action to prevent resistance.
Vehicle re-identification collaborating visual and temporal-spatial network

Vehicle re-identification, retrieving a vehicle detected by one camera with the same vehicle by another camera, is an important problem in the video investigation application which is a technology for criminal investigation. In this task, it not only needs to classify the vehicle category, but also to identify a specific object in the category. Previous methods mainly focus on the vehicle categorization, which cannot identify the specific vehicle. In this paper, a two-stage strategy is proposed to accomplish vehicle re-identification in realistic surveillance videos. Specifically, in the first stage, a part-based appearance model fusing multiple visual features is proposed to represent the vehicle object, and then a coarse ranking list is generated by comparing appearance models of the probe and gallery vehicles. In the second stage, the temporal-spatial relation is introduced to re-rank the above visual-based ranking list, where vehicles of the same category and reasonable spatial-temporal relations are placed in top positions while those of mismatched types or relations are placed in rear positions. Both quantitative and qualitative experiments conducted on a real world dataset have validated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Ja n 20 03 Hyperbolic secants yield Gabor frames

We show that (g2, a, b) is a Gabor frame when a > 0, b > 0, ab < 1 and g2(t) = ( 1 2πγ) 1 2 (cosh πγt)−1 is a hyperbolic secant with scaling parameter γ > 0. This is accomplished by expressing the Zak transform of g2 in terms of the Zak transform of the Gaussian g1(t) = (2γ) 1 4 exp(−πγt2), together with an appropriate use of the Ron-Shen criterion for being a Gabor frame. As a side result it follows that the windows, generating tight Gabor frames, that are canonically associated to g2 and g1 are the same at critical density a = b = 1. Also, we display the “singular” dual function corresponding to the hyperbolic secant at critical density. AMS Subject Classification: 42C15, 33D10, 94A12.