Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From war hero to cripple: An interview study on psychosocial intervention and social reconstruction in Nicaragua.

An interview study among mental-health professionals working with victims of war and violence in postwar Nicaragua suggests that the professionals frame their understanding of problems, methods of interventions, definitions of aims and goals, as well as their professional role, in a sociopolitical context rather than in a clinical or an academic one. They tell about war heroes becoming marginalized and excluded as the sociopolitical context changed, and about the onset of posttraumatic stress reactions in relation to poverty and social isolation. In response to these conditions, community-oriented psychosocial work, with emphasis on social reconstruction and reconciliation, is emphasized. The experiences of the professionals and their ways of framing and confronting postwar issues are discussed as important contributions to a contextual understanding of trauma and reactions to traumatic events. The role of cultural understandings and meaning systems in which events and reactions are embedded is highlighted.
Monolingual short courses for language-specific accreditation: can they work? A Sydney experience

The continuing flows of immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers throughout the world place significant pressures on translating and interpreting services, particularly in finding competent practitioners in many small minority languages. Training is seen as a necessity for many such practitioners who are without qualifications and often without a professional understanding of the field. However, the small size of many of these language communities entails that established interpreting courses can often not find the number of students, or the teachers, to cater for these languages. Many attempts have been made internationally to provide short courses – often generic, sometimes language-specific – for these languages. After surveying such training internationally, this paper describes one such short course in minority languages run for women in Sydney, Australia in 2011, with an emphasis on domestic violence, health and law. The course prepared participants for work in these fields and to sit for Australia’s accreditation exams. The outcomes of the course, while positive in many ways, show the difficulties of short courses in helping a very diverse participant population achieve acceptable standards of interpreting.
Negotiating Hegemonic Masculinity: The Rhetorical Strategy of “Straight-Acting” among Gay Men

This study examines the rhetoric of straight-acting among gay men by analyzing the website entitled, Straight-Acting.com. The straight-acting rhetoric emerges because some gay men want to achieve hegemonic masculinity to overcome gay effeminate images. Also, gay effeminate men are unattractive to straight-acting gay men, because they violate normative gender-performative expression valued by the “straight-acting” men. This attitude is called, “sissyphobia. ” Last, some website members view straight-acting as fluid, while others view straight-acting as stable. By exposing this topic, this analysis aims to further understand the role of gender in gay men's identity negotiation and their interpersonal relations.
Chromatic variations on 3D video and QoE

In this paper a study on the perceived quality that results of chromatic variations in 3D video is reported. The testing videos were represented in the CIE 1976 (L*a*b*) color space, and their colors were initially subdivided into clusters based on their similarity. Predefined chromatic errors were applied to these color clusters. These videos were shown to subjects that were asked to rank their quality based on the colors naturalness. The Mean Opinion Scores were computed and the sensibility to chromatic changes on 3D video was quantified. Moreover, attention maps were obtained and a short study on the changes of the visual saliency in the presence of these chromatic variations is also reported.
Principled Improvement in Science: Forces and proportional relations in early secondary-school teaching

In response to continuing concerns about student attainment and participation in science and mathematics, the epiSTEMe project took a novel approach to pedagogy in these two disciplines. Using principles identified as effective in the research literature (and combining these in a fashion not previously attempted), the project developed topic modules for early secondary-school teaching in the UK, arranged for their implementation in classrooms, and evaluated the results. This paper reports the development, implementation, and evaluation of one of the epiSTEMe science modules. Entitled Forces and Proportional Relations, the module covers standard curricular material in the domain of forces, while paying particular attention to the proportional nature of many key constructs. It was developed in collaboration with a small group of teachers; implemented subsequently in 16 classrooms, in all cases involving students from the first year of secondary school; and evaluated through comparison with first-year students in 13 control classrooms who were studying the topic using established methods. Evaluation addressed topic mastery and opinions about the topic and the manner in which it was taught. While further research is required before definite conclusions are warranted, results relating to topic mastery provide grounds for optimism about the epiSTEMe approach. Furthermore, student opinions about the module were positive.
Children's Role in Meaning Making Through Their Participation in an Environmental Education Program

The authors conducted an ethnography investigating children's lived experiences in a 3-day residential environmental education (EE) program with 20 gifted 4th- and 5th-grade students. The authors also conducted participant observation and a series of interviews before, during, and after the trip. After the authors conducted the interviews and collected other data, they conducted analyses that identified domains describing the children's lived experience with a residential EE program (J. P. Spradley, 1979). Through domain analysis, a theme emerged: Children's nonformal environmental-learning experience is negotiated through the feeling of having choices and enhanced through sensory perception and personal relationships. Explicit recognition of the importance of informal social interactions, unstructured time and play, and perception of choice has potential to enhance the meaningfulness of residential EE programs.
Improving Diversity of Focused Summaries through the Negative Endorsements of Redundant Facts

We present NegativeRank, a novel graph-based sentence ranking model to improve the diversity of focused summary by performing random walks over sentence graph with negative edge weights. Unlike the typical eigenvector centrality ranking, our method models the redundancy among sentence nodes as the negative edges. The negative edges can be thought of as the propagation of disapproval votes which can be used to penalize redundant sentences. As the iterative process continues, the initial ranking score of a given node will be adjusted according to a long-term negative endorsement from other sentence nodes. The evaluation results confirm that our proposed method is very effective in improving the diversity of the focused summary, compared to several well-known text summarization methods.
Semantic enrichment for recommendation of primary studies in a systematic literature review

A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) identifies, evaluates, and synthesizes the literature available for a given topic. This generally requires a significant human workload and has subjectivity bias that could affect the results of such a review. Automated document classification can be a valuable tool for recommending the selection of studies. In this article, we propose an automated pre-selection approach based on text mining and semantic enrichment techniques. Each document is firstly processed by a named entity extractor. The DBpedia URIs coming from the entity linking process are used as external sources of information. Our system collects the bag of words of those sources and it adds them to the initial document. A Multinomial Naive Bayes classifier discriminates whether the enriched document belongs to the positive example set or not. We used an existing manually performed SLR as benchmark data set. We trained our system with different configurations of relevant documents and we tested the goodness of our approach with an empirical assessment. Results show a reduction of the manual workload of 18% that a human researcher has to spend, while holding a remarkable 95% of recall, important condition for the nature itself of SLRs. We measure the effect of the enrichment process to the precision of the classifier and we observed a gain up to 5%.
Power and Right in Hong Kong's Citizenship Education

This article looks at the meaning of citizenship in Hong Kong over the last three decades by examining discussions of citizenship education among political executives, legislators, and educational policymakers. Drawing on Foucault's conceptions of power as discipline and government, and highlighting the relationships between power, rights, and freedom, it focuses on the values of responsibility, rights, democracy, and national identity in citizenship education discourse. Taking citizenship education as an activity in the exercise of power, the article recommends looking at these values in a new light and recognizing citizenship education's inherently political nature regardless of the extent of its overly political content.
The impact of enterprise systems on corporate performance

This research studied the effect of investments in enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain management (SCM) systems on a firm’s long-term stock price performance and profitability measures such as return on assets and return on sales. The results are based on a sample of 558 announcements of ERP implementations, 420 SCM implementations. Our analysis of the financial benefits of these implementations gives mixed results. In the case of ERP systems, we observed some evidence of improvements in profitability but not in stock returns. The results for improvements in profitability are stronger in the case of ERP systems. On average, adopters of SCM system have positive stock returns, as well as improvements in profitability. Although our results are not uniformly positive across the different enterprise systems (ES), they are encouraging, despite the high implementation costs. This should make less help to concerns that some have expressed about the viability of ES, given the highly publicized implementation problems at some firms. Key words: Enterprise resource planning (ERP) and supply chain management (SCM).
Gata-3 Induces T Helper Cell Type 2 (Th2) Cytokine Expression and Chromatin Remodeling in Committed Th1 Cells

Committed T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 effector cells, resulting from chronic antigenic stimulation in interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-4, are implicated in the pathology of autoimmune and allergic diseases. Committed Th1 cells cannot be induced to change their cytokine profiles in response to antigenic stimulation and Th2 cytokine–inducing conditions. Here, we report that ectopic expression of GATA-3 induced Th2-specific cytokine expression not only in developing Th1 cells but also in otherwise irreversibly committed Th1 cells and a Th1 clone, HDK1. Moreover, cAMP, an inhibitor of cytokine production by Th1 cells, markedly augmented Th2 cytokine production in GATA-3–expressing Th1 cells. Ectopic expression of GATA-3 in developing Th1 cells, but not in Th1 clone HDK1, induced endogenous GATA-3, suggesting an autoregulatory mechanism for maintenance of GATA-3 expression in Th2 cells. Structure–function analyses of GATA-3 revealed that the NH2-terminal transactivation domain and the COOH-terminal zinc finger domain of GATA-3 were critical, whereas the NH2-terminal zinc finger domain was dispensable for the induction of IL-4. Both zinc fingers, however, were required for IL-5 induction. A Th2-specific DNaseI-hypersensitive site of the IL-4 locus was detected in GATA-3–expressing Th1 cells. Thus, GATA-3 can change the phenotype of committed Th1 cells, previously considered to be irreversible.
Planning for decline: the ‘D’‐village policy of County Durham, UK

From the 1930s to the 1970s the contraction of the coal mining industry in County Durham in northern England was followed closely by plans to abolish many of the settlements that had supported the mining population. This article examines the development of the policies that were used to classify villages for demolition, the local resistance that developed in defence of the villages and the justifications provided in support of this policy. The bulk of the research is based on archived contemporary newspaper reporting of the events as they happened. Through this approach it is possible to document the course of popular opposition to planning policies. The policy was wide ranging, with 121 villages designated as category ‘D’, meaning that they were to be demolished. This paper examines the local response in specific case study localities, showing that the main tensions were between the economic concerns and aesthetic appraisal of policy makers and community‐based perceptions of social relations and the envi.
Serum Autoantibodies in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia and in Nondemented Control Subjects

Background and Purpose In this study we sought to evaluate the clinical significance of serum autoantibodies to dementing processes. Methods We assessed 40 age-matched subjects: 10 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease, 10 with possible Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular disease, 10 with vascular dementia, and 10 nondemented control subjects. Serum from each subject was tested for the presence of antithyroglobulin antibody, thyroid antimicrosomal antibody, gastric anti-parietal cell antibody, anti-smooth muscle antibody, antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, antineuronal antibody, and anticardiolipin antibody. In addition, we investigated the sera of these patients for the presence of an antivascular antibody directed against the vascular basement membrane proteoglycan antigen and for circulating immune complexes. Results Autoantibodies were present in 100% of the patients with possible Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular disease, 80% of those with vascular dementia, 40% of those with probable Alzheimer's disease, and 30% of the nondemented control subjects. The highest number of autoantibodies was observed in patients with vascular dementia and possible Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular disease. Antinuclear antibody was present in 60% of vascular dementia patients and antineuronal antibody in 50% of these patients. However, no individual autoantibody could differentiate Alzheimer's disease from cerebrovascular disorders. Immune complexes were detected in the serum of 20-30% of each patient group. Neither the patient nor the control sera was found to contain antiendothelial antibody. Conclusions Despite the relatively small number of individuals examined in each category, the elevated number of autoantibodies associated with possible Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia indicates a possible link between the presence of autoantibodies and cerebrovascular disorders in dementia.
The Relationship between Vocational Personalities and Character Strengths in Adults

The relationship between vocational personalities and character strengths, and the contribution of both to life satisfaction were tested in an online sample of 302 Israeli adults. Hierarchical regressions indicated that love of learning explained 9.8% of the investigative personality, creativity and appreciation of beauty explained 19.6% of the artistic personality, zest and spirituality explained 14% of the social personality, and creativity explained 7.9% of enterprising personality. A bootstrapping procedure revealed that hope and gratitude fully mediated the association of social personality with life satisfaction. The theoretical and practical implications of the study findings for career counseling and development are discussed.
Rapid Assessment of Clinical Information Systems in the Healthcare Setting

Summary Objective: Recent legislation in the United States provides strong incentives for implementation of electronic health records (EHRs). The ensuing transformation in U. S. health care will increase demand for new methods to evaluate clinical informatics interventions. Timeline constraints and a rapidly changing environment will make traditional evaluation techniques burdensome. This paper describes an anthropological approach that provides a fast and flexible way to evaluate clinical information systems. Methods: Adapting mixed-method evaluation approaches from anthropology, we describe a rapid assessment process (RAP) for assessing clinical informatics interventions in health care that we developed and used during seven site visits to diverse community hospitals and primary care settings in the U. S. Setting: Our multidisciplinary team used RAP to evaluate factors that either encouraged people to use clinical decision support (CDS) systems or interfered with use of these systems in settings ranging from large urban hospitals to single-practitioner, private family practices in small towns. Results: Critical elements of the method include: 1) developing a fieldwork guide; 2) carefully selecting observation sites and participants; 3) thoroughly preparing for site visits; 4) partnering with local collaborators; 5) collecting robust data by using multiple researchers and methods; and 6) analyzing and reporting data in a structured manner helpful to the oraganizations being evaluated. Conclusions: RAP, iteratively developed over the course of visits to seven clinical sites across the U.S., has succeeded in allowing a multidisciplinary team of informatics researchers to plan, gather and analyze data, and report results in a maximally efficient manner.
Two-stage Isolated Consonant-Vowel ( CV ) Unit Recognition in Indian Languages

This paper addresses the issues in the recognition of the most frequently occurring Consonant-Vowel (CV) units of speech in Indian languages. Two major issues in the recognit ion of CV units are the large number of CV classes and high similarit y among several CV units. In this paper, we propose two level acoustic models comprising of Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) to recognize 145 CV classe. In the proposed approach CV recognition is done in two stages , first stage vowel will be recognized and in the second stage consonant will be recognized. CV classes are divided into fiv e subclasses based on vowels, to reduce the influence of vowel o n CV recognition. Vowel Onset Point (VOP) is used as an anchor point to extract features for building the vowel and consonant recognition models. VOP used in this paper is detected by combining the evidences from excitation source, spectral p eaks, and modulation spectrum energies. Proposed VOP based two level HMM and SVM based approach for CV recognition is giving better performance compared to monolithic HMM and SVM.
Measuring Contingencies: Using Scales to Measure Public Relations Practitioner Limits to Accommodation

The contingency theory of accommodation in public relations posits that public relations practice moves on a continuum from total client or employer advocacy to total accommodation of a public. A survey of ninety-one top public relations practitioners was used to quantify contingency theory by constructing scales of five theoretical constructs: external threats, external public characteristics, organizational characteristics, public relations department characteristics, and dominant coalition characteristics. While the default response of practitioners was that bridge building is the best public relations practice, specific contingencies were found to limit bridge building or accommodation. Practitioners cited fear of legitimizing activist claims, credibility and commitment of an external public, and the place of public relations in the dominant coalition as contingencies impacting dialogue with contending publics.
This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI ’16).

Modern resource management frameworks for large-scale analytics leave unresolved the problematic tension between high cluster utilization and job’s performance predictability—respectively coveted by operators and users. We address this in Morpheus , a new sys-tem that: 1) codiﬁes implicit user expectations as explicit Service Level Objectives (SLOs), inferred from historical data, 2) enforces SLOs using novel scheduling techniques that isolate jobs from sharing-induced performance variability, and 3) mitigates inherent performance variance (e.g., due to failures) by means of dynamic re-provisioning of jobs. We validate these ideas against production traces from a 50k node cluster, and show that Morpheus can lower the number of deadline violations by 5 × to 13 × , while retaining cluster-utilization, and lowering cluster footprint by 14% to 28%. We demonstrate the scalability and practicality of our implementation by deploying Morpheus on a 2700-node cluster and running it against production-derived workloads.
Changing epidemiology of small-cell lung cancer in the United States over the last 30 years: analysis of the surveillance, epidemiologic, and end results database.

PURPOSE Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a histologic subtype of lung cancer with a distinct biology and clinical course. It has been observed that the incidence of SCLC has been decreasing over the last several years. METHODS We used the Surveillance, Epidemiologic, and End Results (SEER) database to determine the incidence of SCLC over the last 30 years. In addition, we sought to determine sex- and stage-based differences in the incidence and survival of SCLC among a proportion of reported cases of lung cancer over the last 30 years (1973 to 2002). Joinpoint analyses were applied to test the trends in annual percentage change for statistical significance. RESULTS The proportion of SCLC (among all lung cancer histologic types) decreased from 17.26% in 1986 to 12.95% in 2002. Of all patients with SCLC, the proportion of women with SCLC increased from 28% in 1973% to 50% in 2002. A modest but statistically significant improvement in 2- and 5-year survival was noted among both limited-stage SCLC and extensive-stage SCLC cohorts during the study period. CONCLUSION Our analysis indicates that the incidence of SCLC is decreasing in the United States, and only modest improvements have been seen in survival over the last 30 years. Possible explanations for the decreasing incidence include the decrease in the percentage of smokers and the change to low-tar filter cigarettes. Despite trends toward modest improvement in survival, the outcome remains very poor.