Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling metacognition in a cognitive architecture Action editor : Vasant Honavar

This paper describes how meta-cognitive processes (i.e., the self monitoring and regulating of cognitive processes) may be captured within a cognitive architecture CLARION. Some currently popular cognitive architectures lack sufficiently complex built-in meta-cognitive mechanisms. However, a sufficiently complex meta-cognitive mechanism is important, in that it is an essential part of cognition and without it, human cognition may not function properly. We contend that such a meta-cognitive mechanism should be an integral part of a cognitive architecture. Thus, such a mechanism has been developed within the CLARION cognitive architecture. The paper demonstrates how human data of two meta-cognitive experiments are simulated using CLARION. The simulations show that the meta-cognitive processes represented by the experimental data (and beyond) can be adequately captured within the CLARION framework. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Transforming Organic Waste Into A Marketable Product: A Conjoint Analysis Of Bulk Compost Preferences And Strategies For Expanding The Compost Market In Vermont

Organic waste management presents challenges and opportunities alike for community-based economic development. Waste-to-compost transformation can be socially and economically successful by employing ecological design principles, multistakeholder collaboration, and values-based supply chains (VCs). An analysis of commercial buyers’ preferences for compost will inform approaches to forming effective partnerships of public, private and nonprofit stakeholders to develop a market for local waste resource products. The thesis summarizes the results of a consumer preferences survey of current and prospective bulk compost purchasers and discusses strategies for implementing new organic waste management policies that will strengthen a local market for compost, build social capital and share economic value. A conjoint analysis of bulk compost preferences in Vermont was conducted to identify the market’s preference for quality–based attributes of bulk compost. The data was taken from a survey administered by mail to Vermont business professionals in various fields that use—or could potentially use—compost products in providing goods or services. In addition to price (81 percent of the relative importance buyers place on an attribute), local provenance (8 percent) and suitability for organic production (7.6 percent) were demonstrated as statistically significant determinants of the value buyers placed on compost. Willingness to pay for local provenance and suitability for organic production were measured at 15% and 14% above the baseline product price, respectively. Current and prospective compost producers can effectively market their products and retain a competitive edge in the marketplace by collaborating with other businesses. A viable market for Vermont compost could be achieved through cultivation of niche specialties, stable institutional buyers, more stringent regulation of food waste and nutrient management behavior, and a collaborative effort to construct a product narrative that emphasizes compost’s role in a larger social-ecological system of nutrient management and sustainable agriculture.
Counter-(Re)Formation in Dutch Local Politics? Modelling the Inclusion of Dutch Independent Locals in Municipal Boards

This thesis observes to what extent Dutch independent locals are included in municipal boards after the 2014 municipal elections. Moreover, this thesis tests three hypotheses containing factors that might explain inclusion in municipal boards. The three factors combined try to answer the following main research question: “What factors determine whether or not an independent local party will be included in the municipal board after municipal elections? ” I was able to make three hypotheses from the theory: 1. Independent locals with relative (%) more number of seats in the municipal council are more likely to be included in the municipal board than independent locals with a relative (%) smaller number of seats. 2. Independent locals that address relatively (%) more issues are more likely to be included in a municipal board than local parties that address relatively (%) less issues. 3. Independent locals with a central ideological position are more likely to be included in a municipal board than independent locals that have a more extreme ideological position. Using logistic regression analysis, I find that the position of the party has no statistically significant influence on the probability of being included in the municipal board. On the other hand, I show that relative size and issue-diversity do matter for a party’s chances of being included in a municipal board. Summarizing, this means that hypotheses 1 and 2 are confirmed and hypothesis 3 is rejected. This outcome raises question whether this research overlooks an important variable in modelling local coalition formation outcomes. Suggested is that the personal preference of politicians for a certain coalition partner and independent locals being the relative newcomers on the block of municipal politics are also of influence in the coalition formation outcome. This is to be researched in the future with mixed quantitative-qualitative research designs, using methods like process tracing.
A collocation-Galerkin method for Poisson’s equation on rectangular regions

A collocation-Galerkin method is defined for Poisson's equation on the unit square, using tensor products of continuous piecewise polynomials. Optimal L2and 1 Ho orders of convergence are established. This procedure requires fewer quadratures than the corresponding Galerkin procedure. Introduction. The collocation-Galerkin method was first introduced by Diaz [2], [3 for the two-point boundary value problems and optimal L2-rates of convergence were established for a particular choice of the collocation points; namely, the affine images of the roots of a Jacobi polynomial. In [6] Wheeler derived optimal LP-estimates and ap plied this method to a one space dimensional parabolic problem. In [4] Dunn and Wheeler analyzed some collocation-H-1-Galerkin methods and established optimal LPestimates for any choice of the collocation points. Archer and Diaz [1] have applied similar ideas to a one-dimensional first order hyperbolic problem and derived optimal L2-estimates. Here, a collocation-Galerkin method is defined for Poisson's equation or the unit square, using tensor products of continuous piecewise polynomials and the co] location points are based on the roots of a Jacobi polynomial. Optimal L2and HO-estimates are established. On the basis of computational complexity the collocation-Gab kin method is intermediate between the Galerkin method and the collocation method. It has an advantage over the Galerkin procedure for the same space in that the integral involve the product of the approximate solution and a piecewise linear function, thus the integrals are simpler and, of course, there are fewer of them. Also, the continuity conditions on the approximate solution are weaker than those required of the collocation approximation defined by Prenter and Russell [5]. In the following section, the collocation-Galerkin method is defined and existence and uniqueness are shown using some semidiscrete bilinear forms. In the last section, the error analysis is presented. The analysis consists of reducing the problem to some one-dimensional problems for which the results of [3] can be applied. The Collocation-Galerkin Method. Consider the boundary value problem (1) -\Au = f, on Q2, u=O, onU2, where Q2 = (0, 1) x (0, 1). We shall assume that there exists a unique u and that it is sufficiently smooth. Received March 8, 1976; revised March 24, 1978. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 65N35, 65N30. 1979 American Mathematical Society 0025-5718/79/0000-0005/$03.00 77 This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.144 on Wed, 11 May 2016 05:43:49 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms
Actively-compliant locomotion control on rough terrain: Cyclic jumping and trotting experiments on a stiff-by-nature quadruped

This paper is authored to describe a control framework that is designated for realizing cyclic, actively-compliant and dynamically-balanced jumping and trotting quadruped locomotion over rough terrain. In order to succeed in exhibiting such locomotion abilities, two controllers are synthesized: i) Active Compliance Control via force feedback, ii) Angular Momentum Control via gyro sensing. The first controller computes the joint displacements that are associated with ground reaction force errors, using Jacobian transpose and admittance blocks. Together with position constraints, these joint displacements are simultaneously fed-back to local servo controllers; allowing the robot to perform the given locomotion task in an actively-compliant manner. The second controller, in the meantime, evaluates gyro sensor information to calculate the required compensation torque about center of mass, which is necessary to regulate upper torso rotational motion. Afterwards, it updates the orientation input in accordance with this compensation torque. Using the proposed framework, the overall control performance is tested via cyclic jumping and trotting motion experiments, conducted over rough terrain with a stiff-by-nature quadruped robot. Results turn out to be positive; the robot demonstrates successful jumping and trotting cycles in a repetitive, actively-compliant and dynamically-balanced fashion.
A Theoretical Model to Explain the Overrepresentation of College Men among Campus Judicial Offenders: Implications for Campus Administrators

As is the case in most K-12 schools, male students, in comparison to their female counterparts, disproportionately violate policies and are sanctioned more often for violence and disruptive behaviors on college and university campuses across the country. A theoretical model to explain this phenomenon is proposed in this article. Specifically, a synthesis of existing literature and theories from sociology, psychology, men’s studies, and education resulted in the identification of six acute variables that explain male overrepresentation among campus judicial offenders. While each component of the model is thoroughly explained, insight into interactions among the six variables is also offered. Practical implications for campus administrators who are interested in minimizing violence and disruptive behaviors among college men conclude the article.
Multimodality treatment of unresectable hepatic metastases from pancreatic glucagonoma

Glucagonomas are pancreatic islet cell tumors arising from the alpha cells which belong to neuroendocrine tumors. They frequently metastasize to the liver. We report the case of a 52- year old man with a pancreatic glucagonoma with synchronous multiple liver metastases treated by surgery, transarterial chemoembolization, percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation and long-acting octreotide. Our report confirms that a multimodal approach is very effective in patients with unresectable liver metastases from pancreatic endocrine tumors providing long-lasting palliation and probably prolonging survival.
Achieving principled assuredly trustworthy composable systems and networks

Huge challenges exist with systems and networks that must dependably satisfy stringent requirements for security, reliability, and other attributes of trustworthiness. Drawing on what we have learned over the past decades, our CHATS project seeks to establish a coherent common-sense approach toward trustworthy systems. The approach encompasses comprehensive sets of requirements, inherently sound architectures that can be predictably composed out of well-conceived subsystems, highly principled development techniques, good software engineering disciplines, sound operational practices, and judiciously applied assurance measures. Although such an approach is likely to seem completely old-hat to some researchers and totally impractical to commercial developers, the wisdom thus embodied is seldom used consistently (if at all) in practice; if it were used wisely, much of the untrustworthiness in today's systems would simply disappear. The paper briefly summarizes our approach and its potential benefits.
A Group Search Optimization Method for Data Clustering

Clustering analysis aims to distribute a dataset in-groups in such a way that individuals from the same group have a high degree of similarity among each other, while individuals from different groups have a high degree of dissimilarity among each other. Clustering analysis has become an important mechanism for data exploration and understanding. Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) have been widely applied for clustering analysis, given their flexibility and capabilities to deal with difficult environments. In this context, Group Search Optimizer (GSO) is a nature-inspired algorithm based on animal searching behaviour and group living theory to solve continuous optimization problems. This paper presents a new evolutionary algorithm for data clustering, named KGSO, which uses a Group Search Optimizer and K-Means approach to perform the clustering task. Experiments were performed on seven benchmark datasets obtained from UCI Machine Learning Repository and seven synthetic datasets to evaluate the performance of proposed algorithm in comparison to other well-known clustering methods from literature.
A new approach for detecting spam microblogs based on text and user's social network features

Recently more and more spam messages are emerging on microblogs, which leads to an unpleasant or even deteriorating social network environment. Existing studies on spam microblog detection mostly make use of textual features or social network features alone to detect spam messages. While in this paper, we propose a new detection approach from users' perspective, which combines social network features of the publishers with textual features of microblogs itself together, to compose a feature vector. By feeding the feature vector into a SVM machine learning system for data training, we classify spam microblogs from benign ones. We conduct experiments with the dataset of Sina Weibo, one of the most famous Chinese microblogs, to verify the effectiveness of our approach. Compared to the approaches which only consider textual or network features, we observe 13% and 29% increases of accuracy respectively with our proposed approach.
Prevalence and correlates of suicide ideation in patients with COPD: a mixed methods study

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation (SI) in patients with stable moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients and methods We conducted an exploratory mixed methods analysis of data from participants in a longitudinal observational study of depression in COPD. We measured depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which includes an item on SI. We compared participants with and without SI in relation to sociodemographics, symptoms, anxiety, and healthcare resource use with independent t-tests and chi-square tests. Content analysis was performed on qualitative data gathered during a structured SI safety assessment. Results Of 202 participants, 121 (60%) had depressive symptoms (PHQ ≥6); 51 (25%) had a PHQ-9 ≥10, indicating a high likelihood of current major depression; and 22 (11%) reported SI. Compared to the 99 depressed participants without SI, those with SI were more likely to be female (59% vs 27%, P=0.004); had worse dyspnea (P=0.009), depression (P<0.001), and anxiety (P=0.003); and were also more likely to have received treatment for depression and/or anxiety (82% vs 40%, P<0.001) and more hospitalizations for COPD exacerbations (P=0.03) but had similar levels of airflow obstruction and functioning than participants without SI. Themes from the qualitative analysis among those with SI included current or prior adverse life situations, untreated or partially treated complex depression, loss of a key relationship, experience of illness and disability, and poor communication with providers. Conclusion Our findings suggest that current SI is common in COPD, may occur disproportionately in women, can persist despite mental health treatment, and has complex relationships with both health and life events. Adequate management of SI in COPD may therefore require tailored, comprehensive treatment approaches that integrate medical and mental health objectives.
An Effective Protocol for Micropropagation of Edible Bamboo Species (Bambusa tulda and Melocanna baccifera) through Nodal Culture

High demand for edible bamboo shoots of Bambusa tulda and Melocanna baccifera in many Asian ethnic groups has led to the need for developing intensive bamboo farming. To achieve this, in vitro regeneration of bamboo plantlets is needed due to the long and irregular bamboo flowering cycle and scarcity of bamboo seeds. An effective protocol for plantlets regeneration in B. tulda and M. baccifera from nodal explants following validation of the species using the sequence of trnL-F intergenic spacer region is described. Effective axillary bud breaking was achieved at 3 mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in MS medium. Importantly, combining 2 mg/L of kinetin (Kn) with 3 mg/L of BAP produced a synergistic effect for shoot multiplication in B. tulda and M. baccifera. Under optimized conditions in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 10 mg/L of coumarin, and 3% sucrose, profuse production of dark-brown rhizome in B. tulda and abundant rooting (81.67%, P < 0.05, F = 15.46) for M. baccifera within 30 days were achieved. The established protocol and the validation of the reported species at the molecular level will be of help to stakeholders in edible bamboo trade to conserve gene-pool and increase productivity.
Limited Attention and News Arrival in Limit Order Markets

I model the dynamics of price adjustments to news arrival in limit order markets when investors have limited attention. Because of limited attention, investors monitor news arrival imperfectly. Consequently prices reflect news with delay. This delay shrinks when investors' attention capacity increases. The adjustment delay also decreases when the frequency of news arrival increases. When news arrival frequency is higher, the picking-off risk increases for limit orders. The order book becomes thinner and there are fewer stale limit orders to execute or cancel following news arrival. Hence, it reduces the time it takes for market prices to reflect news content.
Luminescence from lanthanides-doped glasses and applications: A review

In this work, the luminescence behaviors and applications from trivalent lanthanide ions doped glasses have been reviewed. Glasses have advantage is recyclable, good energy storage, high soluble rare earth and can be shaped into any size of interest, including fiber. Glasses are also essential materials and can be utilized in many forms. The trivalent lanthanide ions are also a substance of interest with their optical properties, which allow a variety of technological applications. For examples, the rare earth doped materials have already been developed as sensor devices, energy saving lighting devices, optical displays, optical fibers, amplifiers, and lasers. Visible and Near-infrared luminescence for high power lasers is a current requirement in photonics and modern fiber optic telecommunication network. An emphasis has to be put in recent advances of the emitting materials for amplifiers, fiber lasers, and waveguides. In this review, up and down conversion luminescence properties of the glasses doped with several lanthanide ions, i.e., Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Dy3+, Er3+, Yb3+, Ho3+, Tm3+, and Tb3+. Moreover, the current status of their potential applications are also given.
Trust Network Visualization Based on Force-Directed Layout

As a formal description approach, the trust network can intuitively describe trust relationships among entities in virtual communities and attracts great attentions. The trust network visualization is a key to explore the mechanism of trust propagation and study the trust evaluation. Most existing network visualization approaches only take into account the undirected and unweighted graphs, which cannot illustrate the asymmetry and the discreteness of trust relationships. To solve this issue, we define the public influence weight, the trust strength and the trust distance in this paper and propose the force-directed visualization algorithm for trust network. In the visualization algorithm, the desirable length between two nodes is determined by the trust strength so as to cluster trusted entities, and the forces between two different nodes are determined by their public influence weights so as to center on the heavyweight entities. Finally, the visualization experiments are carried out on the Epinions data set and the performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the classical force-directed layout algorithm. The experimental results show that it can reveal the nature of communities better.
A Clustering-Based Method for Particle Detection in Electron Micrographs

Accurate and automatic particle detection (or picking) from cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) images is very important for fast and correct reconstruction of macromolecular structures. In this paper, we present a new algorithm for particle picking, based on a natural model of data clustering. This approach is fully automatic and has been successfully applied to detect the particles from cryo-EM images with very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
The [O II] λ3727 Luminosity Function and Star Formation Rate at z ≈ 1.2 in the COSMOS 2 Square Degree Field and the Subaru Deep Field

We have carried out a wide-field imaging survey for [O II] λ3727 emitting galaxies at z ≈ 1.2 in the HST COSMOS 2 square degree field using the Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope. The survey covers a sky area of 6700 arcmin 2 in the COSMOS field, and a redshift range between 1.17 and 1.20 (Δz = 0.03), corresponding to a survey volume of 5.56 × 105 Mpc3. We obtain a sample of 3176 [O II] emitting galaxies with observed emission-line equivalent widths greater than 26 Å. Since our survey tends to sample brighter [O II] emitting galaxies, we also analyze a sample of fainter [O II] emitting galaxies found in the Subaru Deep Field (SDF). We find an extinction-corrected [O II] luminosity density of 10 ergs s-1 Mpc-3, corresponding to star formation rate density of 0.32 M☉ yr-1 Mpc-3 in the COSMOS field at z ≈ 1.2. This is the largest survey for [O II] emitters beyond z = 1 currently available.
Neural and behavioral substrates of subtypes of Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder, associated with rigidity, bradykinesia, and resting tremor, among other motor symptoms. In addition, patients with PD also show cognitive and psychiatric dysfunction, including dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), depression, hallucinations, among others. Interestingly, the occurrence of these symptoms—motor, cognitive, and psychiatric—vary among individuals, such that a subgroup of PD patients might show some of the symptoms, but another subgroup does not. This has prompted neurologists and scientists to subtype PD patients depending on the severity of symptoms they show. Neural studies have also mapped different motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms in PD to different brain networks. In this review, we discuss the neural and behavioral substrates of most common subtypes of PD patients, that are related to the occurrence of: (a) resting tremor (vs. nontremor-dominant); (b) MCI; (c) dementia; (d) impulse control disorders (ICD); (e) depression; and/or (f) hallucinations. We end by discussing the relationship among subtypes of PD subgroups, and the relationship among motor, cognitive, psychiatric factors in PD.