Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiologic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Viscerotropic Yellow Fever in a Rhesus Macaque Model

Infection with yellow fever virus (YFV), an explosively replicating flavivirus, results in viral hemorrhagic disease characterized by cardiovascular shock and multi-organ failure. Unvaccinated populations experience 20 to 50% fatality. Few studies have examined the pathophysiological changes that occur in humans during YFV infection due to the sporadic nature and remote locations of outbreaks. Rhesus macaques are highly susceptible to YFV infection, providing a robust animal model to investigate host-pathogen interactions. In this study, we characterized disease progression as well as alterations in immune system homeostasis, cytokine production and gene expression in rhesus macaques infected with the virulent YFV strain DakH1279 (YFV-DakH1279). Following infection, YFV-DakH1279 replicated to high titers resulting in viscerotropic disease with ∼72% mortality. Data presented in this manuscript demonstrate for the first time that lethal YFV infection results in profound lymphopenia that precedes the hallmark changes in liver enzymes and that although tissue damage was noted in liver, kidneys, and lymphoid tissues, viral antigen was only detected in the liver. These observations suggest that additional tissue damage could be due to indirect effects of viral replication. Indeed, circulating levels of several cytokines peaked shortly before euthanasia. Our study also includes the first description of YFV-DakH1279-induced changes in gene expression within peripheral blood mononuclear cells 3 days post-infection prior to any clinical signs. These data show that infection with wild type YFV-DakH1279 or live-attenuated vaccine strain YFV-17D, resulted in 765 and 46 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. DEGs detected after YFV-17D infection were mostly associated with innate immunity, whereas YFV-DakH1279 infection resulted in dysregulation of genes associated with the development of immune response, ion metabolism, and apoptosis. Therefore, WT-YFV infection is associated with significant changes in gene expression that are detectable before the onset of clinical symptoms and may influence disease progression and outcome of infection.
Change impact analysis of enterprise architectures

An enterprise architecture is a high-level description intended to capture the vision of an enterprise integrating all its dimensions: organization structure, business processes, and infrastructure. Every single part of an enterprise is subject to change, and each change may have significant consequences within all domains of the enterprise. A lot of effort is therefore devoted to maintaining the integrity of an architectural description. In this paper we address the problem of mastering the ripple effects of a proposed change. This allows architects to assess the consequences of a particular change to the enterprise, in order to identify potential impacts of a change before it actually takes place.
The demand for money in Austria

Abstract. In this paper, the demand for real money M1, M2, and M3 is estimated for Austria over the time period 1965–96. The modelling takes place within the framework of a small vector autoregression. To estimate the demand for money, two-equation error-correction models are constructed, which contain the short-run dynamics and the long-run economic equilibrium. It is found that a stable money demand exists for all monetary aggregates. The long-run equilibrium of M1, after accounting for a structural break in 1979, can be characterised as a classical type of money demand, with no interest rate effects and an elasticity of one for real GDP. In the case of M2 and M3, we find a unit coefficient on income and a significantly negative influence of a long-term interest rate. The statistical properties of the estimated short-run money demand equations – considering in-sample and out-of-sample tests – are generally very good.
Towards In Vivo Imaging of Cancer Sialylation

In vivo assessment of tumor glucose catabolism by positron emission tomography (PET) has become a highly valued study in the medical management of cancer. Emerging technologies offer the potential to evaluate in vivo another aspect of cancer carbohydrate metabolism related to the increased anabolic use of monosaccharides like sialic acid (Sia). Sia is used for the synthesis of sialylated oligosaccharides in the cell surface that in cancer cells are overexpressed and positively associated to malignancy and worse prognosis because of their role in invasion and metastasis. This paper addresses the key points of the different strategies that have been developed to image Sia expression in vivo and the perspectives to translate it from the bench to the bedside where it would offer the clinician highly valued complementary information on cancer carbohydrate metabolism that is currently unavailable in vivo.
Adaptive Bayesian HMM for Fully Unsupervised Chinese Part-of-Speech Induction

We propose an adaptive Bayesian hidden Markov model for fully unsupervised part-of-speech (POS) induction. The proposed model with its inference algorithm has two extensions to the first-order Bayesian HMM with Dirichlet priors. First our algorithm infers the optimal number of hidden states from the training corpus rather than fixes the dimensionality of state space beforehand. The second extension studies the Chinese unknown word processing module which measures similarities from both morphological properties and context distribution. Experimental results showed that both of these two extensions can help to find the optimal categories for Chinese in terms of both unsupervised clustering metrics and grammar induction accuracies on the Chinese Treebank.
A Pure URL-Based Genre Classification of Web Pages

In this paper, we propose a new approach for multi-label genre classification of web pages that exploits character n-grams extracted from the URL of the web page rather than its content. Using only the URL reduces the time needed for feature extraction since it does not need to download the content of the web page. Our approach deals with the complexity of web pages because it uses a multi-label classification where each web page can be assigned to more than one genre. Moreover, our approach implements a new weighting technique that exploits the structure of the URL. Experiments conducted on a known multi-label dataset show that our approach achieves encouraging results. Keywords—web page; multi-label classification; genre; URL structure
On the efficiency of shaping live video streams

The Internet has rapidly evolved from being a scientific experiment to a commercial network connecting millions of hosts that carries traffic generated by a large amount of applications with diverse requirements. Its architecture was however designed to enable efficient point-to-point delivery of bulk data, and can not provide statistical guarantees on the timely delivery of delay sensitive data such as streaming and real-time multimedia. Thus, applications that require low loss probabilities in today's Internet have to use some end-to-end error recovery mechanism. For delay sensitive applications the introduced latency by the applied schemes has to be low as well. Traffic control functions such as delay limited shaping and forward error correction (FEC), and multiple description coding (MDC) have been proposed for variable bitrate video. Their major drawback is, however, that it is difficult to predict their efficiency, as it depends on many factors like the characteristics of the stream itself, the characteristics of the traffic in the network and the network parameters. Consequently, it is difficult to decide which control mechanisms to employ, how to combine them and to choose the right parameters (e.g. block length, code rate) for optimal performance. In this thesis we present results on the efficiency of traffic control functions and MDC for video transmission based on mathematical models and simulations. We investigate the efficiency of delay limited traffic shaping and the trade-offs in the joint use of traffic shaping and forward error correction. We identify the packet size distribution of the traffic in the network as an additional factor that may influence the efficiency of FEC, and present a thorough analysis of its possible effects. We present an analytical comparison of MDC versus media-dependent FEC and media-independent FEC, and based on the results we conclude that MDC is a promising error control solution for multimedia communications with very strict delay bounds in an environment with bursty losses. We combine the analytical results with traces from measurements performed on the Internet to evaluate how efficient these error control schemes are under real loss patterns. We compare the efficiency of MDC and media-dependent FEC in the presence of channel estimation errors; we propose a new rate allocation method, which is robust to mis-estimations of the channel state and which improves error resilience on non-stationary channels. Finally we present an analytical model of the performance of an end-point-based multimedia streaming architecture based on multiple distribution trees and forward error correction, and analyze the behavior of the architecture for a large number of nodes.
“If He Looks Clean…”: Condom Use Decisions in Prostitution

ABSTRACT Prostitutes engage in sex acts with multiple partners and have higher than average rates of intravenous drug use. For these reasons, unprotected sexual contact with a prostitute constitutes high-risk activity. The present study includes interviews with 34 indoor and outdoor sex workers that explore the factors involved in their condom use decisions. Three themes common to participants’ protective behavior decisions (interpersonal, situational, and personal factors) were elucidated and then analyzed within a rational choice framework. Policy implications include court-ordered sex education programs for women cited for prostitution and the expansion of harm reduction programs.
Dimensioning of Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks for Guaranteed Delivery Time

Wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) applications are used in many critical scenarios. For instance, upon receiving an over-threshold pressure value, the control station of a gas separation plant issues a command to corresponding actuators to close gas valves to prevent a fire accident. In such control-loop systems, messages must be transported reliably within a tight deadline. This paper presents two components: a new network dimensioning method and a simple MAC protocol, to support control-loop systems in WSANs. The dimensioning method is used to specify the worst-case network topology, traffic and node forwarding rates prior to a network deployment. The MAC protocol is designed to ensure that the specifications and design assumptions are not violated in a subsequent deployment. The experimental evaluation clearly indicates that messages are delivered within the guaranteed delay bound.
Irish Money and Banking Statistics: A New Approach

The Central Bank of Ireland (CBI) recently undertook a complete review of the Monthly Statistics publication and this culminated in a new framework for the publication of the national banking statistics released in July 2010 as Money and Banking Statistics. The aim of this paper is to provide users with an overview of the new structure, the concepts employed and motivation behind the review.
New GTO Current Source Inverter with Pulsewidth Modulation Control Techniques

A new GTO current source inverter in which two auxiliary GTO's are added to the basic inverter circuit, which consists of six GTO's and three capacitors, is presented. One of the auxiliary GTO's is connected between the positive line of the inverter and the neutral of three Y-connected capacitors; another is connected between the negative line and the neutral. In the proposed inverter, the charges of three capacitors are controlled at the same time by means of pulsewidth modulation (PWM) to main GTO's and auxiliary GTO's. This inverter can supply both the sinusoidal current and voltage to the motor. The PWM control technique, the operating principle, and the experimental results for 2.2-kW induction motor drives are described. The output current waveform of this inverter is closely sinusoidal, as opposed to trapezoidal in the basic inverter circuit. The steady-state characteristics of the GTO-CSI induction motor drive system are analyzed by the state-variable methods, and a close agreement between the analyzed and the experimental results is obtained. Smooth and noiseless drive of induction motor over a wide range of speed is observed.
Extraction of Feature Words with the Same Generality Level as Query using Restricted Bootstrapping

It is not so simple to get an appropriated level of search result among a large number of targets which might be too general or too specific. Hints for the query are valuable for a user to expand or shrink his next search step, if the hints would be shown with their levels compared with the user's original query. This paper proposes a method to extract feature words of the same level as user's query using restricted bootstrap. Examples are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method on tourism blogs. The paper proposes an evaluation measure for the similarity of levels for words based on WordNet.
Blood Pressure Lowering and Life Expectancy Based on a Markov Model of Cardiovascular Events

Abstract—The life expectancy benefits of antihypertensive treatment, based on both systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduction, was estimated with a cardiovascular disease event Markov model with prospective data from 57 573 men and women. Seven patient states were defined, including (1) no cardiovascular disease, (2) stroke, (3) myocardial infarction, (4) revascularization, (5) history of cardiovascular disease, (6) noncardiovascular disease death, and (7) cardiovascular death. Risk functions were developed from gender-specific multivariate Cox proportional hazards models for primary events and age-, smoking-, and diabetes-adjusted models for secondary events. At baseline we assumed (1) hypothetical pretreatment blood pressures of 160/95 or 150/90 mm Hg; (2) strategies A and B lower blood pressure by 20/13 and 13/8 mm Hg, respectively; and (3) baseline age of 35 years. For subjects initially at 160/95 mm Hg, those with antihypertensive treatment, antihypertensive treatment and diabetes, or antihypertensive treatment, diabetes, and currently smoking had corresponding gains in life expectancy of 2.43, 2.80, and 2.43 years for Strategy A. An initial blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg resulted in similar gains. Compared with Strategy B, with blood pressure reductions of 13/8 mm Hg, Strategy A provided additional gains in life expectancy of 0.84, 0.99, and 0.87 years for those with antihypertensive treatment, antihypertensive treatment and diabetes, or antihypertensive treatment, diabetes, and currently smoking. The initial blood pressure level did not affect the magnitude of life expectancy gains for equivalent blood pressure reductions. Greater gains in life expectancy among hypertensive and diabetic women suggest that blood pressure lowering may yield greater benefits in selected subgroups.
MAXIMIZING NETWORK INTERRUPTION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK: AN INTRUDER'S PERSPECTIVE

With the colossal growth of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in different applications starting from home automation to military affairs, the pressure on ensuring security in such a network is paramount. Considering the security challenges, it is really a hard-hitting effort to develop a secured WSN system. Moreover, as the information technology is getting popular, the intruders are also planning new ideas to break the system security, to harm the network and to make the system quality down with the target of taking the control of the network to corrupt it or to get benefits from it anyway. The intruders corrupt the system only when the security breaking cost (SBC) is lower compared with the benefits they attained or the harm it can make to others. In this paper, the authors define the term “maximizing network interruption problem” and propose a technique, called the grid point approximation algorithm, to estimate the SBC of a multi-hop WSN so that it can be made tougher for an intruder to break the system security. It is assumed that the intruder has the complete picture of the entire network. The technique is designed from the intruder’s point of view for completely jamming all the sensor nodes in the network through placing jammers or malicious nodes strategically and at the same time keeping the number of jammer nodes to minimum or near minimum. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no work proposed so far of the same kind. Experimental results with the changes of the different network parameters show that the proposed algorithm is able to provide excellent performances to achieve the targets.
CHAPTER 2 Test-retest reliability of sensor-based sit-to-stand measures in young and older adults

This study investigated test-retest reliability of sensor-based sit-to-stand (STS) peak power and other STS measures in young and older adults. In addition, test-retest reliability of the sensor method was compared to test-retest reliability of the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) and Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST) in older adults. Ten healthy young female adults (20-23 years) and 31 older adults (21 females; 73-94 years) participated in two assessment sessions separated by 3-8 days. Vertical peak power was assessed during three (young adults) and five (older adults) normal and fast STS trials with a hybrid motion sensor worn on the hip. Older adults also performed the FTSST and TUGT. The average sensor-based STS peak power of the normal STS trials and the average sensor-based STS peak power of the fast STS trials showed excellent test-retest reliability in young adults (intra-class correlation (ICC)≥0.90; zero in 95% confidence interval of mean difference between test and retest (95%CI of D); standard error of measurement (SEM)≤6.7% of mean peak power) and older adults (ICC≥0.91; zero in 95%CI of D; SEM≤9.9%). Test-retest reliability of sensor-based STS peak power and TUGT (ICC=0.98; zero in 95%CI of D; SEM=8.5%) was comparable in older adults, test-retest reliability of the FTSST was lower (ICC=0.73; zero outside 95%CI of D; SEM=14.4%). Sensor-based STS peak power demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability and may therefore be useful for clinical assessment of functional status and fall risk.
Molecular and Morphological Inference of Three Cryptic Species within the Merodon aureus Species Group (Diptera: Syrphidae)

The Merodon aureus species group (Diptera: Syrphidae: Eristalinae) comprises a number of different sub-groups and species complexes. In this study we focus on resolving the taxonomic status of the entity previously identified as M. cinereus B, here identified as M. atratus species complex. We used an integrative approach based on morphological descriptions, combined with supporting characters that were obtained from molecular analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene as well as from geometric morphometry of wing and surstylus shapes and environmental niche comparisons. All applied data and methods distinguished and supported three morphologically cryptic species: M. atratus stat. nov., M. virgatus sp. nov. and M. balkanicus sp. nov., which constitute the M. atratus species complex. We present an identification key for the sub-groups and species complexes of the M. aureus species group occurring in Europe, describe the taxa and discuss the utility of the applied methods for species delimitation. The estimated divergence times for the species splits of these taxa coincide with the Pleistocene Günz-Mindel interglaciation and the Great interglaciation (between the Ris and Mindel glacial periods).
Soil Health in Response to Bio-Augmented Paddy Straw Compost

The present investigation is an account of soil quality parameters and wheat (Triticum aestivum HD-2285) yield as influenced by insitu incorporation of paddy straw and its subsequent inoculation with two cellulolytic and one lignolytic fungi. Such information may prove useful to farmers as it may provide them with an option to use the undesired crop waste as partial replacements for synthetic fertilizers. The insitu incorporation of paddy straw amended with N P resulted in dehydrogenase, 60 60 alkaline phosphatase, cellulase, cellobiase and urease activity, statistically at par with N P fertilized or fungal 120 60 inoculated paddy straw treatments. The N P treatment also showed highest soil microbial biomass. 60 60 However, the chemical properties (organic carbon, nitrogen, available phosphorus and humus content) of wheat soil were highest in paddy straw + N P + Aspergillus awamori + Trichoderma reesei + Phanerochaete 60 60 chrysosporium fertilized soil closely followed by paddy straw + N P treatment. Higher wheat yield in this 60 60 treatment, compared to recommended dose of chemical fertilizers made the use of natural resources a profitable option.
Rate-Maximizing Multiuser Scheduling for Parallel Channel Access

Optimal multiuser scheduling which maximizes the sum rate for parallel channel access often involves an NP-hard design problem. In this letter, we propose a low-complexity optimal solution using a two-step procedure: (1) generalized selection multiuser diversity (GSMuD) which ranks the channels of a total of users and selects the users with the largest signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for channel access and (2) optimal power allocation for the selected users. Besides the equal power allocation (EPA), two optimal power allocation algorithms for the GSMuD are derived, namely: (1) 1D optimal waterfilling (WF) power allocation along the channels given a fixed total power at each time slot and (2) 2D optimal WF along both the time and the channels given the average total power. Accurate performance analyses of the above schemes are provided. Numerical results show that the 2D WF power allocation yields the highest rate, while the EPA is near-optimal for many cases of practical interest.
A Region-Based Model for Estimating Urban Air Pollution

Air pollution has a direct impact to human health, and data-driven air quality models are useful for evaluating population exposure to air pollutants. In this paper, we propose a novel region-based Gaussian process model for estimating urban air pollution dispersion, and applied it to a large dataset of ultrafine particle (UFP) measurements collected from a network of sensors located on several trams in the city of Zurich. We show that compared to existing grid-based models, the region-based model produces better predictions across aggregates of all time scales. The new model is appropriate for many useful user applications such as exposure assessment and anomaly detection.
Holographic superconductors with Lifshitz scaling

Black holes in asymptotically Lifshitz spacetime provide a window onto finite temperature effects in strongly coupled Lifshitz models. We add a Maxwell gauge field and charged matter to a recently proposed gravity dual of (2+1)-dimensional Lifshitz theory. This gives rise to charged black holes with scalar hair, which correspond to the superconducting phase of holographic superconductors with z > 1 Lifshitz scaling. Along the way we analyze the global geometry of static, asymptotically Lifshitz black holes at the arbitrary critical exponent z > 1. In all known exact solutions there is a null curvature singularity in the black hole region, and, by a general argument, the same applies to generic Lifshitz black holes.