Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of ambient workload in the intensive care unit on mortality and time to discharge alive.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between ambient workload and outcomes of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Measures of workload evaluated for each patient on each day of ICU admission were the number of new admissions, ICU census, "code blue" patients not admitted and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Scores (MODSs) for admitted patients. Patients were defined as the patient at risk (the "index" patient) and the other patients in the ICU at the same time (the "non-index" patients). Logistic regression (for hospital mortality) and Cox proportional hazards regression (for time to discharge alive) were used to investigate the association between workload and outcomes. In total, 1,705 patients were included. Higher MODSs of non-index patients on the last day of the ICU admission were associated with lower mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.82 per MODS point, 95% CI 0.72-0.94). A higher number of code blues during the ICU stay was associated with higher mortality (OR 1.18 per event, 95% CI 1.01-1.37). A higher ICU census and MODS of the non-index patients on the day of ICU admission were associated with a shorter time to discharge alive (hazard rate [HR] 1.03 per patient, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06, and 1.07 per MODS point, 95% CI:1.01-1.15, respectively). The association between measures of ambient workload in the ICU and patient outcomes is variable.Future resource planning and studies of patient safety would benefit from a prospective analysis of these factors to define workload limits and tolerances.
LsrR-Mediated Quorum Sensing Controls Invasiveness of Salmonella typhimurium by Regulating SPI-1 and Flagella Genes

Bacterial cell-to-cell communication, termed quorum sensing (QS), controls bacterial behavior by using various signal molecules. Despite the fact that the LuxS/autoinducer-2 (AI-2) QS system is necessary for normal expression of Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1), the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report that the LsrR protein, a transcriptional regulator known to be involved in LuxS/AI-2-mediated QS, is also associated with the regulation of SPI-1-mediated Salmonella virulence. We determined that LsrR negatively controls SPI-1 and flagella gene expressions. As phosphorylated AI-2 binds to and inactivates LsrR, LsrR remains active and decreases expression of SPI-1 and flagella genes in the luxS mutant. The reduced expression of those genes resulted in impaired invasion of Salmonella into epithelial cells. Expression of SPI-1 and flagella genes was also reduced by overexpression of the LsrR regulator from a plasmid, but was relieved by exogenous AI-2, which binds to and inactivates LsrR. These results imply that LsrR plays an important role in selecting infectious niche of Salmonella in QS dependent mode.
Performance Evaluation of OFDM based Wi-Max Transceiver

This Paper describes the simulation & performance Evaluation of the WIMAX baseband processor. A MATLAB simulation is carried out in order to analyze baseband processing of the transceiver. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is applied in this project according to the IEEE 802.16 standard, which allows Transmission of data rates from 6 Mbps up to 54 Mbps. Distinct modulation schemes as Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrate Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and Quadrature Amplitude modulation (QAM) are used according to differing data Rates for Signal visualization at each block of Transceiver. Simulation is carried to measure Bit Error Rate (BER), Symbol error rate & to measure Number of data bits, coded bits in OFDM symbol by using different modulation & Code rate. Pre implementation simulation for WIMAX system is developed to reduce system cost & to improve effective utilization with limited resources.
UNFOLD: A Memory-Efficient Speech Recognizer Using On-The-Fly WFST Composition

Accurate, real-time Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) requires huge memory storage and computational power. The main bottleneck in state-of-the-art ASR systems is the Viterbi search on a Weighted Finite State Transducer (WFST). The WFST is a graph-based model created by composing an Acoustic Model (AM) and a Language Model (LM) offline. Offline composition simplifies the implementation of a speech recognizer as only one WFST has to be searched. However, the size of the composed WFST is huge, typically larger than a Gigabyte, resulting in a large memory footprint and memory bandwidth requirements. In this paper, we take a completely different approach and propose a hardware accelerator for speech recognition that composes the AM and LM graphs on-the-fly. In our ASR system, the fully-composed WFST is never generated in main memory. On the contrary, only the subset required for decoding each input speech fragment is dynamically generated from the AM and LM models. In addition to the direct benefits of this on-the-fly composition, the resulting approach is more amenable to further reduction in storage requirements through compression techniques. The resulting accelerator, called UNFOLD, performs the decoding in real-time using the compressed AM and LM models, and reduces the size of the datasets from more than one Gigabyte to less than 40 Megabytes, which can be very important in small form factor mobile and wearable devices. Besides, UNFOLD improves energy-efficiency by orders of magnitude with respect to CPUs and GPUs. Compared to a state-of-the-art Viterbi search accelerators, the proposed ASR system outperforms by providing 31x reduction in memory footprint and 28% energy savings on average. CCS CONCEPTS • Computer systems organization $\rightarrow$ Special purpose systems; • Computing methodologies $\rightarrow$ Speech recognition;
Growth Factors, Cytokines, Cell Cycle Molecules Experimental Manipulation of Transforming Growth Factor- Isoforms Significantly Affects Adhesion Formation in a Murine Surgical Model

Transforming growth factor(TGF), a multifunctional growth factor, represents three mammalian isoforms, TGF1, TGF2, and TGF3. In cutaneous wound healing, combined neutralization of TGF1 and 2 or addition of TGF3 reduces scar formation. Here, we investigated whether experimental manipulation of TGFisoforms reduced adhesion formation after injury to the peritoneum. Adhesions were produced in mice by surgical abrasion of adjacent serosa followed by close apposition. In the first part of this study, a detailed analysis of TGFisoform distribution was performed through immunolocalization. TGFisoforms clearly showed a unique temporal and spatial pattern of expression after peritoneal wounding. Based on this pharmacokinetic data, we next administered neutralizing antibodies to TGF1 and 2 or exogenous TGF3 peptide by local application and intraperitoneal injection at various times before and after surgery. At day 7 after surgery, addition of neutralizing antibodies to both TGF1 and 2 significantly reduced the number and size of adhesions (P < 0.05) compared with the vehicle control. By contrast, exogenous addition of TGF3 either had no effect or increased adhesion formation compared to the vehicle control. In conclusion, these results show that by blocking both TGF1 and TGF2 using neutralizing antibodies, it is possible to prevent abdominal adhesion formation. (Am J Pathol 2005, 167:1005–1019)
Ethical Issues in E-Commerce on the Basis of Online Retailing

Problem statement: The rapid spread of e-commerce has created tremendous opportunities for economic efficiency and customer choice. Use of the global Internet computer network for ecommerce activities provides some advantages to the consumers on their daily life. On the other hand Internet represents a new environment for unethical behavior. While e-commerce has witnessed extensive growth in last decade, consumers concerns regarding ethical issues also continue to increase. Even many consumers and businesses are reveling in e-commerce; consumer problems related to online retail become the dark side of the issue. Approach: A survey on 400 online shoppers was conducted (three cities in Turkey (Izmir, Manisa, Mersin) in order to measure consumers’ perceptions regarding the ethical issues of online retailing by using scale of Consumers’ Perceptions regarding to Ethics of Online Retailers (CPEOR). Results: Ethical problems like security, privacy, reliability and non deception on Internet are core issues that limit the growth of online retailing. Conclusion/Recommendation: Findings indicate that; four factors (security, privacy, non deception and reliability) are strongly predictive of online consumers’ satisfaction. Also, this research will be beneficial to online retailers on their online retailing activities.
Small molecule epigenetic inhibitors targeted to histone lysine methyltransferases and demethylases

Abstract Altered chromatin structures and dynamics are responsible for a range of human malignancies, among which the status of histone lysine methylation remains of paramount importance. Histone lysine methylation is maintained by the relative activities of sequence-specific methyltransferase (KMT) writers and demethylase (KDM) erasers, with aberrant enzymatic activities or expression profiles closely correlated with multiple human diseases. Hence, targeting these epigenetic enzymes should provide a promising avenue for pharmacological intervention of aberrantly marked sites within the epigenome. Here we present an up-to-date critical evaluation on the development and optimization of potent small molecule inhibitors targeted to histone KMTs and KDMs, with the emphasis on contributions of structural biology to development of epigenetic drugs for therapeutic intervention. We anticipate that ongoing advances in the development of epigenetic inhibitors should lead to novel drugs that site-specifically target KMTs and KDMs, key enzymes responsible for maintenance of the lysine methylation landscape in the epigenome.
What Is Known and Unknown About Twice-Weekly Hemodialysis

Background: The 2006 Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines suggest twice-weekly or incremental hemodialysis for patients with substantial residual kidney function (RKF). However, in most affluent nations de novo and abrupt transition to thrice-weekly hemodialysis is routinely prescribed for all dialysis-naïve patients regardless of their RKF. We review historical developments in hemodialysis therapy initiation and revisit twice-weekly hemodialysis as an individualized, incremental treatment especially upon first transitioning to hemodialysis therapy. Summary: In the 1960's, hemodialysis treatment was first offered as a life-sustaining treatment in the form of long sessions (≥10 hours) administered every 5 to 7 days. Twice- and then thrice-weekly treatment regimens were subsequently developed to prevent uremic symptoms on a long-term basis. The thrice-weekly regimen has since become the ‘standard of care' despite a lack of comparative studies. Some clinical studies have shown benefits of high hemodialysis dose by more frequent or longer treatment times mainly among patients with limited or no RKF. Conversely, in selected patients with higher levels of RKF and particularly higher urine volume, incremental or twice-weekly hemodialysis may preserve RKF and vascular access longer without compromising clinical outcomes. Proposed criteria for twice-weekly hemodialysis include urine output >500 ml/day, limited interdialytic weight gain, smaller body size relative to RKF, and favorable nutritional status, quality of life, and comorbidity profile. Key Messages: Incremental hemodialysis including twice-weekly regimens may be safe and cost-effective treatment regimens that provide better quality of life for incident dialysis patients who have substantial RKF. These proposed criteria may guide incremental hemodialysis frequency and warrant future randomized controlled trials.
Online multi-face detection and tracking using detector confidence and structured SVMs

Online detection and tracking of a variable number of faces in video is a crucial component in many real-world applications ranging from video-surveillance to online gaming. In this paper we propose FAST-DT, a fully automated system capable of detecting and tracking a variable number of faces online without relying on any scene-specific cues. FAST-DT integrates a generic face detector with an adaptive structured output SVM tracker and uses the detector's continuous confidence to solve the target creation and removal problem. We improve in recall and precision over a state-of-the-art method on a video dataset of more than two hours while providing in addition an increase in throughput.
Regulatory properties of a plant NAD: isocitrate dehydrogenase. The effect of inorganic ions.

1 Some properties of NAD: isocitrate dehydrogenase from swede (Brassica napus L.) are described. This enzyme shows simpler regulatory properties than that from animals or fungi. 2 Isocitrate, citrate and tricarballylate are positive effectors but neither ADP nor AMP have any effect. Pyruvate, acetate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate and dl-malate do not stimulate or inhibit at 2 mM. 3 ATP and other nucleoside triphosphates inhibit this enzyme but the inhibition appears to be due to the formation of a complex with the activating cation. 4 The principal control of the enzyme is a potent inhibition by NADH competitive with NAD. Elevation of either isocitrate or activating cation concentration lowers the Km for NAD and in this respect MnSO4 is more effective than MgSO4. In contrast, the Ki for NADH is 0.05 mM with 1 mM MgSO4 and 0.16 mM with 1 mM MnSO4. 5 The enzyme is inhibited by high concentrations (> 20 mM) of inorganic anions. This inhibition is apparently competitive with isocitrate but anions most likely cause a conformational change. 6 The interactions between isocitrate and activating cation have been examined. Elevation of the concentration of either isocitrate or cation raises the affinity of the enzyme for the other to a limiting value. The nature of the cation has only a slight effect on the minimum Km for isocitrate (0.35 mM with MgSO4, 0.25 mM with MnSO4) but the minimum value of the Km for MgSO4 is 100 μM compared with 7 μM for MnSO4. 7 It is concluded that the enzyme binds one molecule each of isocitrate, activating cation and NAD or NADH at the catalytic site and one molecule of citrate or isocitrate at an effector site.
An Automatic System for Modality and Negation Detection

The article presents the experiments carried out as part of the participation in the pilot task (Modality and Negation)1 of QA4MRE@CLEF 2012. Modality and Negation are two main grammatical devices that allow to express extra-propositional aspects of meaning. Modality is a grammatical category that allows to express aspects related to the attitude of the speaker towards statements. Negation is a grammatical category that allows to change the truth value of a proposition. The input for the systems is a text where all events expressed by verbs are identified and numbered the output should be a label per event. The possible values are: mod, neg, neg-mod, none. In the developed system, we first build a database for modal verbs of two categories: epistemic and deontic. Also, we used a negative verb list of 1877 verbs. This negative verb list has been used to identify negative modality. We extract the each tagged events from each sentences. Then our system check modal verbs by that database from each sentences. If any modal verbs is found before that an event then that event should be modal verb and tagged as mod. If modal verb is there and also negeted words is found before that evet then that event should negeted mod and tagged as neg-mod. If no modal verb is found before that an event but negeted word are found before that event then that event should be negeted and tagged as neg. Otherwise the event should tagged as none. We trained our system by traing data (sample data) that was provided by QA4MRE organizer. Then we are tested our system on test dataset. In test data set there are eight documents, two per each of the four topics such as Alzheimer, music and society, AIDs and climate change. Our system overall accuracy is 0.6262 (779 out of 1244).
Role of Oxidative DNA Damage and Antioxidative Enzymatic Defence Systems in Human Aging

Oxidative stress is regarded as a main causal factor for natural aging. This study tested the hypothesis that healthy elderly people show higher oxidative DNA damage levels and lower antioxidative enzymatic defense capacities than younger ones. In a cross-sectional study, blood samples of 20 older (62-79 years) and 20 younger adults (24-28 years) were compared with respect to oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes (alkaline elution), oxidative status (serum peroxides), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and concentrations of total glu- tathione. In accordance with our hypothesis, elderly males showed a tendency towards higher levels of oxidative DNA damage (single strand breaks). SOD activity inversely correlated with the amount of DNA damage (single-strand breaks and Fpg-sensitive modifications). Oxidative status was increased in older men and negatively correlated with glutathione concentrations. GPx activity was elevated and the SOD/GPx ratio lowered in older males. Subjects with lowered SOD/GPx ratio showed increased oxidative DNA damage. The results indicate age-related changes in the balance between first step (SOD) and second step (GPx) of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system. They support the assumption that a biological optimum between antioxidative enzymes might be more important than their absolute activities.
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.).

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. ], also known as redgram, is one of the major grain legume (pulses) crops grown in the semiarid tropics (SAT) extending between 30 degrees N and 30 degrees S; it is the second most important food legume of India. It is cultivated in about 50 countries of Asia, Africa, and the Americas for a variety of uses (food, fodder, fuel wood, rearing lac insects, hedges, wind breaks, soil conservation, green manure, roofing, and so on). The constraints of enhancing its productivity include the damage caused by various fungi, bacteria, viruses, and insect pests. Conventional plant breeding methods have not been successful for the improvement of pigeonpea because of genetic variation and incompatibility among the wild varieties. Genetic engineering technology can therefore be used as an additional tool for the introduction of agronomically useful traits into established varieties. The development of plant transformation techniques has been a major breakthrough in overcoming constraints to achieve precision in genetic manipulation. The development of efficient plant regeneration protocols is a prerequisite for recombinant technology to carry out genetic transformation. This chapter describes an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for pigeonpea, a simple, efficient, and reproducible method that is applicable across diverse genotypes of pigeonpea.
Hox Genes Regulate Muscle Founder Cell Pattern Autonomously and Regulate Morphogenesis Through Motor Neurons

Abstract The differentiation of myoblasts to form functional muscle fibers is a consequence of interactions between the mesoderm and ectoderm. The authors examine the role of segment identity in directing these interactions by studying the role of Hox genes in patterning adult muscles in Drosophila. Using the ‘four-winged fly’ to remove Ultrabithorax function in the developing adult, the authors alter the identity of the ectoderm of the third thoracic segment towards the second and show that this is sufficient to inductively alter most properties of the mesoderm—myoblast number, molecular diversity, and migration pattern—to that of the second thoracic segment. Not all aspects of myogenesis are determined by the segment identity of the ectoderm. The autonomous identity of the mesoderm is important for choosing muscle founder cells in the correct segmental pattern. The authors show this by removal of the function of Antennapedia, the Hox gene expressed in the mesoderm of the third thoracic segment. This results in the transformation of founder cells to a second-thoracic pattern. The authors also report a role for the nervous system in later aspects of muscle morphogenesis by specifically altering Ultrabithorax gene expression in motor neurons. Thus, ectoderm and mesoderm segment identities collaborate to direct muscle differentiation by affecting distinct aspects of the process.
Tagger Voting for Urdu

In this paper, we focus on improving part-of-speech (POS) tagging for Urdu by using existing tools and data for the language. In our experiments, we use Humayoun’s morphological analyzer, the POS tagging module of an Urdu Shallow Parser and our own SVM Tool tagger trained on CRULP manually annotated data. We convert the output of the taggers to a common format and more importantly unify their tagsets. On an independent test set, our tagger outperforms the other tools by far. We gain some further improvement by implementing a voting strategy that allows us to consider not only our tagger but also include suggestions by the other tools. The final tagger reaches the accuracy of 87.98%.
Optimization of radioimmunotherapy of renal cell carcinoma: labeling of monoclonal antibody cG250 with 131I, 90Y, 177Lu, or 186Re.

UNLABELLED Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) can be performed with various radionuclides. We tested the stability, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficacy of various radioimmunoconjugates ((131)I, (88/90)Y, (177)Lu, and (186)Re) of chimeric antirenal cell cancer monoclonal antibody G250 (mAb cG250) in nude mice with subcutaneous renal cell cancer (RCC) tumors. METHODS The (88/90)Y and (177)Lu labeling procedures of cG250 conjugated with cyclic diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid anhydride (cDTPA), isothiocyanatobenzyl-DTPA (SCN-Bz-DTPA), or 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid (DOTA) were characterized. Stability of the labeled conjugates in plasma at 37 degrees C was assessed. Biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of labeled cG250 were compared in nude mice with SK-RC-52 human RCC xenografts. RESULTS Both SCN-Bz-DTPA and DOTA were stable in vitro (<5% release of the radiolabel during 14 and 21 d of incubation) and in vivo (uptake in bone </= 1.5 percentage injected dose per gram [%ID/g] at 7 d after injection) when used to label (88)Y or (177)Lu to cG250. The DOTA conjugate was slightly but significantly more stable than SCN-Bz-DTPA at 7 d after injection. In vivo, these cG250 preparations showed high tumor uptake (70 +/- 15 %ID/g +/- SD at 7 d after injection). Maximum tumor uptake for (125)I-cG250 and (186)Re-mercaptoacetyltriglycine-(MAG3)-cG250 (<20 +/- 3 %ID/g +/- SD) was reached at 3 d after injection and was much lower in comparison with cG250 labeled with the residualizing radionuclides. Because the highest specific activities could be prepared using SCN-Bz-DTPA, and relatively low protein doses of cG250 could be administered without saturating the tumor, cG250-SCN-Bz-DTPA conjugates were used in RIT studies. In RIT experiments at maximum tolerated dose, tumor growth was delayed most effectively by cG250 labeled with (177)Lu, next most effectively by (90)Y and (186)Re (which were approximately equal), and least by (131)I (delayed by approximately 185, 125, 90, and 25 d, respectively). The best median survival (300 d) was observed for (177)Lu-SCN-Bz-DTPA-cG250. Median survival for control groups was <150 d. CONCLUSION DOTA-conjugated radiolabeled antibodies were the most stable radioimmunoconjugates in vitro and in vivo as manifested by the lowest bone uptake. However, specific activity was higher for SCN-Bz-DTPA. The RIT studies clearly showed that the therapeutic efficacy of mAb cG250 labeled with (177)Lu, (90)Y, or (186)Re was superior to that of (131)I-cG250. The residualizing radionuclides (177)Lu and (90)Y led to higher radiation doses to the tumor and most likely are better candidates than conventionally radiolabeled (131)I for RIT with cG250 in patients with RCC.