Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Moiré Phenomenon Induced by Metal Grids for Touch Screen Panels

With attempt to suppress the Moiré phenomenon, we conduct ray tracing simulations with various metal grids having different degree of randomness (e.g., rectangular, width-altered rectangular, line-shifted rectangular, wavy square, and random metal grids) in the presence of twisted nematic (TN) or in-plane switching (IPS) mode black matrix (BM). We analyze their angular dependence in terms of the standard deviation (SD) calculated from the simulated ray distribution. It is observed that metal grids with a lower degree of randomness exhibit a stronger angular dependence, yet lower SD value over the broader range of crossing angles. Though metal grids with a higher degree of randomness show a weaker angular dependence, yet they bring in higher fluctuation in the SD value due most likely to point defects. The wavy square metal grid results in periodic point defects, whereas the random metal grid gives rise to aperiodic point defects. Through a comparison between simulation and experiment results, we have found that moiré patterns are hardly seen to the naked eye when the SD value is less than 10, which provides useful design guidelines of metal grids.
[Long-term results of extensive surgical dissection in the treatment of congenital clubfoot].

OBJECTIVES We evaluated the long-term functional and radiographic results of patients who underwent extensive soft tissue dissection for the treatment of congenital clubfoot. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 47 feet of 30 patients (6 girls, 24 boys; mean age 9.8 months) who underwent extensive surgical dissection for congenital clubfoot. Involvement was bilateral in 17 patients. Surgical dissection included complete subtalar release (CSTR) in 35 feet, and posteromedial release (PMR) in 12 feet. The mean age was 9.6 months (range 6 to 23 months) in CSTR-, and 10.6 months (range 5 to 23 months) in PMR-treated patients. The patients were assessed with the Laaveg-Ponseti functional score, foot bimalleolar angle, and other radiographic measurements. The mean follow-up was 117.3 months (106.6 months in the CSTR, and 150.6 months in the PMR group). RESULTS Functional results were excellent in 24 feet, good in 12 feet, fair in six feet, and poor in five feet. All the poor results were seen in the CSTR group. Of these five feet, two developed recurrences, two had both pes cavus and metatarsus adductus deformities, and one had pes cavus deformity. Considering the foot bimalleolar angle, 83.4% of PMR-treated feet, and 85.7% of CSTR-treated feet were rated as type 1 or 2. Functional scores were significantly correlated with the foot bimalleolar angle, talus-first metatarsus angle on anteroposterior and lateral radiographs, and with the talocalcaneal angle on anteroposterior radiographs (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two surgical procedures with respect to functional scores and radiographic measurements (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Extensive surgical dissection enables simultaneous correction of all components of deformity and provides satisfactory results not only in the short-term but also in the long-term follow-up.
Ad-hoc network routing protocol for an application layer

In recent years, ad-hoc network technology consisting of not access points and base stations but of wireless nodes has gained attention. Usually the aim of routing protocol in ad-hoc network is to provide the stable network service. In order to maintain the network, node must communicate with each other in exchanging their routing tables. So the control packet does not include the information of an application layer. We propose the novel routing protocol for an application layer which includes the application information in the control packet. By using our proposed protocol, nodes can construct the routing table and send the node's information to neighboring nodes at the same time. Then we investigate the tradeoff between relay hops and delay times. We show the experimental results for the real world.
Network-based prediction for sources of transcriptional dysregulation using latent pathway identification analysis

Understanding the systemic biological pathways and the key cellular mechanisms that dictate disease states, drug response, and altered cellular function poses a significant challenge. Although high-throughput measurement techniques, such as transcriptional profiling, give some insight into the altered state of a cell, they fall far short of providing by themselves a complete picture. Some improvement can be made by using enrichment-based methods to, for example, organize biological data of this sort into collections of dysregulated pathways. However, such methods arguably are still limited to primarily a transcriptional view of the cell. Augmenting these methods still further with networks and additional -omics data has been found to yield pathways that play more fundamental roles. We propose a previously undescribed method for identification of such pathways that takes a more direct approach to the problem than any published to date. Our method, called latent pathway identification analysis (LPIA), looks for statistically significant evidence of dysregulation in a network of pathways constructed in a manner that implicitly links pathways through their common function in the cell. We describe the LPIA methodology and illustrate its effectiveness through analysis of data on (i) metastatic cancer progression, (ii) drug treatment in human lung carcinoma cells, and (iii) diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. With these analyses, we show that LPIA can successfully identify pathways whose perturbations have latent influences on the transcriptionally altered genes.
Dynamic Compensation of Rhodium Self Powered Neutron Detectors

A mathematical model of a rhodium self-powered neutron detector has been developed to investigate the detector transfer function and to apply this transfer function as compensation for the inherent time delay in the rhodium-neutron interaction. The various reactions that comprise the detector signal have been evaluated experimentally and the resultant transfer function compensation has been tested in the field against a prompt responding ion chamber during a reactor trip.
DRED‐MP: Queue management with multiple levels of drop precedence

There is current interest in differentiated service architectures where packets with different priorities can share the same queue. In the case of congestion, packets marked with higher drop probability are preferentially dropped in order to make buffer room for packets marked with lower drop probability. Active queue management (AQM) based on randomized packet dropping has become a key component of this packet forwarding model. This paper extends our previously developed AQM algorithm called DRED with multiple packet drop precedence to allow for priority treatment of traffic in a network. The main advantage of using the DRED algorithm is the lower parameter configuration complexity it offers and the ease of configuration for a wide range of network conditions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic dispatch and spinning reserve scheduling for generation transmission systems

This paper presents a method of how to optimize and dispatch the spinning reserve and unit generation for system reliability and economic efficiency under a specified demand and total value of spinning reserve in a composite power system. Spinning reserve is one of important ancillary services to maintain system reliability in case of contingency. This paper employs the DC power flow and determines generation shift factor so that power generation can be redispatched economically and lines transmission congestion can be alleviated effectively. The linear programming method is used to find the optimal unit generations and spinning reserve, with an objective of minimizing the generation cost while satisfying some operation constraints. Various constraints consisting of power balance and spinning reserve demand, ramp rate limits and transmission capacities limits are considered. The proposed method can be further applied to the operation of deregulated power systems in which spinning reserve is served as an important auxiliary service to help system operate stably and reliably.
Botnet Detection Technology Based on DNS

With the help of botnets, intruders can implement a remote control on infected machines and perform various malicious actions. Domain Name System (DNS) is very famous for botnets to locate command and control (C and C) servers, which enormously strengthens a botnet’s survivability to evade detection. This paper focuses on evasion and detection techniques of DNS-based botnets and gives a review of this field for a general summary of all these contributions. Some important topics, including technological background, evasion and detection, and alleviation of botnets, are discussed. We also point out the future research direction of detecting and mitigating DNS-based botnets. To the best of our knowledge, this topic gives a specialized and systematic study of the DNS-based botnet evading and detecting techniques in a new era and is useful for researchers in related fields.
Differential V region mutation of two transfected Ig genes and their interaction in cultured B cell lines.

We have established B cell culture systems in which transfected and stably integrated Ig constructs spontaneously undergo high rates of variable (V) region mutation. Mutation rates were determined using reversion analysis of an Ig V region nonsense codon (Vn). A construct (Vn/gamma2a) in which a Vn was associated with the gamma2a constant region and its intervening and immediate flanking sequences mutated at a high rate of 2.2 × 10(‐4)/bp/generation in the NSO myeloma cell line. This same Vn, when associated with the mu constant region (Vn/mu), mutated at a 1000‐fold lower rate in NSO. The Vn/gamma2a construct also mutated at high rates in the 18.81 pre‐B and the S107 myeloma cell lines and at a low rate in the J558 myeloma cell line. In NSO, the presence of the gamma2a construct raised the mutation rate of the mu construct and the mu decreased the mutation rate of gamma2a. These results suggest that there is both positive and negative regulation of V region mutation and that different cell lines express different combinations and/or amounts of trans‐acting factors that are involved in the mutational process.
Sensorless point-to-point control for a musculoskeletal tendon-driven manipulator: analysis of a two-DOF planar system with six tendons

Tendon-driven robot utilizes only tensile force (i.e. tension) for motion generation. Therefore, a redundant actuation is characteristically necessary, and then it yields the internal force among tendons. Given the internal force for balance at a desired posture, the musculoskeletal tendon-driven manipulator has the inherent possibility of point-to-point position control without any sensory feedback. However, the motion convergence is strongly governed by the arrangement of tendons.This study analyzes the mathematical conditions of convergence for this sensorless position control by use of a Lyapunov function. Subsequently, targeting the two-link musculoskeletal structure with six tendons, the sufficient conditions for the convergence at desired posture are further defined by employing an approximation of the tendon-length based on a Taylor expansion. Finally, the convergent conditions are verified through simulation and validated via experimental results. Graphical Abstract
American Idolatry: Celebrity, Commodity and Reality Television

The popular definition characterizes celebrity as a product of manufacture rather than merit. If fame is taken to represent the recognition of achievement, then modern celebrity, in contrast, must be based on something other than achievement, for celebrity and fame are not the same thing. This book explores the process by which celebrity is created, using the first seven seasons of Fox Television's American Idol as a framework for analysis of how celebrity is defined, generated, nurtured, and intensified.
The catalytic scaffold of the haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase enzyme superfamily acts as a mold for the trigonal bipyramidal transition state

The evolution of new catalytic activities and specificities within an enzyme superfamily requires the exploration of sequence space for adaptation to a new substrate with retention of those elements required to stabilize key intermediates/transition states. Here, we propose that core residues in the large enzyme family, the haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase enzyme superfamily (HADSF) form a “mold” in which the trigonal bipyramidal transition states formed during phosphoryl transfer are stabilized by electrostatic forces. The vanadate complex of the hexose phosphate phosphatase BT4131 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 (HPP) determined at 1.00 Å resolution via X-ray crystallography assumes a trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry with the nucleophilic Asp-8 and one oxygen ligand at the apical position. Remarkably, the tungstate in the complex determined to 1.03 Å resolution assumes the same coordination geometry. The contribution of the general acid/base residue Asp-10 in the stabilization of the trigonal bipyramidal species via hydrogen-bond formation with the apical oxygen atom is evidenced by the 1.52 Å structure of the D10A mutant bound to vanadate. This structure shows a collapse of the trigonal bipyramidal geometry with displacement of the water molecule formerly occupying the apical position. Furthermore, the 1.07 Å resolution structure of the D10A mutant complexed with tungstate shows the tungstate to be in a typical “phosphate-like” tetrahedral configuration. The analysis of 12 liganded HADSF structures deposited in the protein data bank (PDB) identified stringently conserved elements that stabilize the trigonal bipyramidal transition states by engaging in favorable electrostatic interactions with the axial and equatorial atoms of the transferring phosphoryl group.
Development of the apical ectodermal ridge in the chick leg bud and a comparison with the wing bud

Histologic examination of the leg bud of stage‐18 to stage‐23 chick embryos was carried out with special reference to the development of the apical ectodermal ridge. The leg bud apical ectoderm, initially an irregular columnar epithelium with an overlying simple squamous periderm, began to thicken during stage 18 and was a pseudostratified epithelium by stage 19. A notch in the base of the thickened ectoderm was seen as early as stage 19. The notch represented the cross‐sectional view of a groove, which developed in the base of the ridge. As development proceeded, the ridge and its associated groove lengthened. In addition, the groove became more prominent, and irregularities were seen in its width and depth along the apex. Ectodermal cell death was not consistently seen until stage 21 at which time most of the length of the thickened ectoderm had evidence of necrosis. Development of the leg bud ridge and wing bud ridge were compared. The temporal sequence of ectodermal thickening and ridge development was very similar in both the leg and wing buds with one exception; namely, that leg bud ridge development preceded wing bud ridge development by several hours. In addition, ectodermal cell death was not evident until stage 20 in the leg bud ridge, but could be seen at late stage 18 in the wing bud apical ectoderm. However, by stage 21, cell death was associated with most of the ridge in both the wing and leg buds. Finally, with respect to the axial line, the ridge with its associated groove extended further preaxially in the leg bud than in the wing bud, making the leg bud ridge more symmetrical.
Repeat penetrating keratoplasty: indications, graft survival, and visual outcome

Aim: To determine graft survival and visual outcome after repeat penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). Methods: Retrospective review of the medical records patients who underwent repeat PKP at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH) between 1 January 1991 and 31 December 2002. Results: 243 repeat PKP performed in 210 eyes of 208 patients, who had also had initial PKP at KKESH, were included in the study. The mean follow up was 43 months (range 1–170). At the most recent examination, 114 (54.3%) grafts were clear. The overall survival rate was 98% at 1 year, 83% at 2 years, and 49% at 5 years. The best graft survival was in eyes with an original diagnosis of keratoconus (93.8%) and the worst was in eyes with Fuchs’ dystrophy (23.1%). Overall, 29.6% of eyes achieved a final visual acuity greater than 20/200, while only 4.8% were 20/40 or better. The best visual prognosis was in eyes with an original diagnosis of stromal dystrophy and keratoconus. Conclusion: Although the prognosis for repeat PKP is poorer than that of initial PKP, reasonable outcomes can be obtained with repeat PKP with careful case selection.
Making the transition to primary school: An evaluation of a transition program for parents

The transition to primary school is an important time for both children and parents. The aim of this randomized controlled study was to assess the effectiveness of a Transition to Primary School Parent Program in strengthening parent knowledge and confidence to manage the transition process, increasing parent involvement in their children's learning, and improving child adjustment to starting school. Participants were 576 parents from 21 primary schools in Victoria, Australia. Results revealed that parents who received the intervention reported higher parental self-efficacy to help their children make the transition to school than parents in the control condition (i.e., routine transition practices provided by the school). These parents also reported greater parent involvement at school during the children's first term at school than parents in the control condition. There were no differences between the intervention and control groups on parent and teacher report of children's adjustment to school. This research is an important step towards developing empirically supported school transition programs focusing on parents.
Snow water equivalent along elevation gradients in the Merced and Tuolumne River basins of the Sierra Nevada

We used daily remotely sensed fractional snow‐covered area (SCA) at 500 m resolution to estimate snow water equivalent (SWE) across the Upper Merced and Tuolumne River basins of the Sierra Nevada of California for 2004 (dry and warm) and 2005 (wet and cool). From 1800 to 3900 m, each successively higher 300 m elevation band consistently melts out 2–3 weeks later than the one below it. We compared two methods of estimating SWE from SCA: (1) blending the fractional SCA with SWE interpolated from snow‐pillow measurements; and (2) retrospectively estimating cumulative snowmelt based on a degree‐day calculation after the snow disappeared. The interpolation approach estimates a lower snowmelt volume above 3000 m and a higher snowmelt contribution at elevations between 1500 and 2100 m. Snowmelt timing from the depletion approach matches observed streamflow timing much better than snowmelt estimated by the interpolation method. The snow‐pillow sites used in the interpolation method do not cover the highest elevations and melted out several weeks before the basin itself was free of snow. Middle elevations (2100–3000 m) contributed 40%–60% of the annual snowmelt in both basins, the lower elevations (1500–2100 m) 10%–15%, and elevations above 3000 m the remaining 30%–40%. The presence of snow in the highest elevations highlights their critical buffering effect in accumulating snow every year. Variability in lower‐elevation snow illustrates its susceptibility to climate variability and change.
La Elección de base de Datos y sus Efectos Sobre la Investigación Contable Empírica en España

RESUMEN La escasa disponibilidad de datos con los que llevar a cabo estudios empíricos es uno de los problemas que tradicionalmente han sufrido los investigadores en el área de contabilidad y finanzas corporativas. Sin embargo, en los últimos años han aparecido dversas bases de datos que ofrecen información contable y financiera sobre empresas de todo el mundo. En este trabajo se analiza si la elección de la base de datos por parte del investigador afecta a los resultados de la investigación contable relacionada con el mercado de capitales. Los resultados obtenidos de una simple adaptación del modelo de Ohlson (1995) para empresas españolas muestran diferencias significativas dependiendo de la base de datos elegida para extraer la muestra analizada. Si se utilizan únicamente las observaciones comunes entre las bases de datos, las diferencias desaparecen, poniendo de manifiesto que las diferencias se deben a la distinta cobertura de empresas de cada base de datos.
In vivo and in vitro studies of Chlamydia trachomatis TrpR:DNA interactions

We previously reported that Chlamydia trachomatis expresses the genes encoding tryptophan synthase (trpBA) and the tryptophan repressor (trpR). Here we employ primer extension analysis to identify the transcriptional origins of both trpR and trpBA, allowing for the identification of the putative operator sequences for both trpR and trpBA. Moreover we demonstrate that native recombinant chlamydial TrpR binds to the predicted operator sequence upstream of trpR. A restriction endonuclease protection assay was designed and used to demonstrate that 5‐fluorotryptophan was the only tryptophan analogue capable of activating binding of native recombinant chlamydial TrpR to its operator. Additionally, 5‐fluorotryptophan was the only analogue that repressed expression of trpBA at a level analogous to l‐tryptophan itself. Based on these findings, a mutant selection protocol was designed and a C. trachomatis isolate containing a frameshift mutation in trpR was isolated. This chlamydial mutant synthesizes a truncated TrpR protein that cannot regulate expression of trpBA and trpR in response to changes in tryptophan levels. These findings provide the first genetic proof that TrpR acts as a negative regulator of transcription in C. trachomatis.
The Cost of Home Care for Patients With Malignant Neoplasms

A microeconomic study evaluated the health sector cost of home care in Greece for patients with malignant neoplasms. A cost-identification analysis was performed from the home care service's perspective. According to the results of the study, the cost varies among the main categories of malignant neoplasms because of a fluctuation in the cost of drugs, whereas the main cost-driver factor is the cost of laboratory tests. In comparison with the corresponding cost of in-hospital care, the cost of home care for patients with malignant neoplasms is significantly lower, which also is confirmed by the results of other international studies.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation in Mixed Linear/Nonlinear State-Space Models

The primary contribution of this paper is an algorithm capable of identifying parameters in certain mixed linear/nonlinear state-space models, containing conditionally linear Gaussian substructures. More specifically, we employ the standard maximum likelihood framework and derive an expectation maximization type algorithm. This involves a nonlinear smoothing problem for the state variables, which for the conditionally linear Gaussian system can be efficiently solved using so called Rao-Blackwellized particle smoother (RBPS). As a secondary contribution of this paper we extend an existing RBPS to be able to handle the fully interconnected model under study.