Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hepatic lesions in experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection of mice.

Mice orally infected with Campylobacter jejuni developed focal infiltrative necrotic lesions in the liver, as determined by both histology and liver function tests. The initial histopathological feature was a focal infiltrative lesion in the parenchyma and portal triads. Foci of infiltrative lesions became necrotic between days 30 and 60 post-inoculation (p.i.). During this period, portal infiltrates increased in severity. From month 4 p.i. , focal areas of infiltrative necrosis in the liver parenchyma became extensive. Study of liver function demonstrated mild elevations of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase, and also the presence of hypoalbuminaemia. Although histopathological changes of the liver became gradually more marked after day 30 p.i. , liver functions of infected mice were most affected at 2 months p.i. The capacity of C. jejuni to induce hepatic lesions seemed to be related to that of organisms to persist in the gall bladder; there was no correlation between biliary carriage in infected mice and positive faecal culture.
Comparison of Immunologic Amplification vs Enzymatic Deposition of Fluorochrome-conjugated Tyramide as Detection Systems for FISH

Using various sizes and dilutions of hapten-conjugated DNA probes, we compared catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD) to fluorochrome-conjugated antibody layering (immunological method) for amplifying FISH signals. Cosmid and phage probes that contained human DNA inserts of 40 kb and 15 kb, respectively, and were mapped to chromosome 15q11.2 were used to evaluate these amplification methods. The probes were used either at standard concentrations (10 ng/μl) or at dilutions up to 1:40 (0.25 ng/μl). Detection of FISH signals using either immunological (three antibody layers) or CARD methods were comparable when the undiluted (10 ng/μl) or 1:4 dilution (2.5 ng/μl) of the cosmid probe was used. Use of a single fluorochrome-conjugated antibody layer produced very weak FISH signals. However, addition of an unlabeled secondary antibody followed by a third antibody conjugated to the same fluorochrome (i.e., two rounds of amplification) produced a strong signal that was detected at a 1:4 probe dilution but was not successfully detected at probe dilutions of 1:10 or greater. In contrast, intense probe signals were produced with the CARD method at all probe dilutions, particularly when coupled to extended hapten-antibody incubation times. The 15-kb phage probe was difficult to detect at a 1:4 dilution with the standard immunologic amplification methods but was readily detected with the CARD method. These data suggest that CARD may be useful for FISH in that (a) less probe may be needed and therefore valuable probe reagents may be conserved, and (b) smaller targets may be detected, thus extending the range of this technique. (J Histochem Cytochem 45:359–363, 1997)
A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Neurologic disorders are characterized by abnormal cellular-, molecular-, and circuit-level functions in the brain. New methods to induce and control neuroplastic processes and correct abnormal function, or even shift functions from damaged tissue to physiologically healthy brain regions, hold the potential to dramatically improve overall health. Of the current neuroplastic interventions in development, neurofeedback training (NFT) from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has the advantages of being completely non-invasive, non-pharmacologic, and spatially localized to target brain regions, as well as having no known side effects. Furthermore, NFT techniques, initially developed using fMRI, can often be translated to exercises that can be performed outside of the scanner without the aid of medical professionals or sophisticated medical equipment. In fMRI NFT, the fMRI signal is measured from specific regions of the brain, processed, and presented to the participant in real-time. Through training, self-directed mental processing techniques, that regulate this signal and its underlying neurophysiologic correlates, are developed. FMRI NFT has been used to train volitional control over a wide range of brain regions with implications for several different cognitive, behavioral, and motor systems. Additionally, fMRI NFT has shown promise in a broad range of applications such as the treatment of neurologic disorders and the augmentation of baseline human performance. In this article, we present an fMRI NFT protocol developed at our institution for modulation of both healthy and abnormal brain function, as well as examples of using the method to target both cognitive and auditory regions of the brain.
TREM2- and DAP12-Dependent Activation of PI3K Requires DAP10 and Is Inhibited by SHIP1

The inositol phosphatase SHIP1 binds to a receptor-adaptor complex on osteoclasts to prevent recruitment of PI3K and inhibit receptor signaling. Keeping Osteoclasts in Check Bone resorption is mediated by cells known as osteoclasts, which develop from myeloid precursor cells. Differentiation and activation of osteoclasts depend on the signaling of receptors whose responses are mediated by the adaptor protein DAP12. One such receptor is TREM2, which drives osteoclastogenesis; deficiencies in either DAP12 or TREM2 result in similar phenotypes. TREM2- and DAP12-dependent signaling also inhibits some Toll-like receptor (TLR)–dependent responses in macrophages, another myeloid cell type. Thus, the TREM2-DAP12 signaling axis may be both stimulatory and inhibitory; however, little is known about how DAP12 functions in these different contexts. Peng et al. found that ligation of TREM2 with a cross-linking antibody triggered DAP12-dependent osteoclastogenesis that required the recruitment of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to the TREM2-DAP12 signaling complex. This signaling pathway was inhibited by the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain–dependent recruitment to TREM2-DAP12 of the inositol phosphatase SHIP1, which prevented PI3K from binding to DAP12. In addition, signaling downstream of other receptors on osteoclasts differentially recruited SHIP1 to DAP12. The authors thus propose that the stimulatory or inhibitory nature of TREM2-DAP12 signaling is regulated by SHIP1. The activation and fusion of macrophages and of osteoclasts require the adaptor molecule DNAX-activating protein of 12 kD (DAP12), which contains immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells–2) is the main DAP12-associated receptor in osteoclasts and, similar to DAP12 deficiency, loss of TREM2 in humans leads to Nasu-Hakola disease, which is characterized by bone cysts and dementia. Furthermore, in vitro experiments have shown that deficiency in DAP12 or TREM2 leads to impaired osteoclast development and the formation of mononuclear osteoclasts. Here, we demonstrate that the ligation of TREM2 activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2, and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav3; induced the mobilization of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and the reorganization of actin; and prevented apoptosis. The signaling adaptor molecule DAP10 played a key role in the TREM2- and DAP12-dependent recruitment of PI3K to the signaling complex. Src homology 2 (SH2) domain–containing inositol phosphatase-1 (SHIP1) inhibited TREM2- and DAP12-induced signaling by binding to DAP12 in an SH2 domain–dependent manner and preventing the recruitment of PI3K to DAP12. These results demonstrate a previously uncharacterized interaction of SHIP1 with DAP12 that functionally limits TREM2- and DAP12-dependent signaling and identify a mechanism through which SHIP1 regulates key ITAM-containing receptors by directly blocking the binding and activation of PI3K.
Does financial cooperation agreement improve the cointegration among ASEAN+3 money markets?

Abstract This paper aims to empirically examine the degree of cointegration among ASEAN+3 money markets in order to determine and adopt remedial actions pursuant to vulnerabilities in the region’s money markets that indicate an inability to prevent possible financial crises. In order to validate vulnerabilities, this paper investigates the degree to which money markets are integrated. Inter-bank lending rates are divided based on agreement periods as well as on income levels of regional economies. The VAR-based Cointegration test and the VECM have been applied in the investigation process. The findings are: (1) weak integration during the pre-agreement period; (2) substantial progress toward the post-agreement period; (3) both high- and low-income markets integrate in a cooperative way; and (4) the agreement produces an impact that is incomplete in so far as integrating the region’s money markets. The finding of this study offers implications for the regional makers.
Switching loss reduction of switched capacitor multilevel inverter using bus clamping modulation

In this paper simulation of three phase structure for recently proposed topology based on self-voltage balancing capability with step up switched capacitor multilevel inverter has been performed in PSCAD software. This topology has simplified gate circuit since number of active switches are less when compared with other switched capacitor topologies. Another advantage is the voltage boost capability with only one voltage source per phase. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation and Bus Clamped Pulse Width Modulation techniques have been considered for both R and RL loads and results have been compared at different modulation indices for both 50 Hz and 400 Hz output voltage. Bus Clamped Pulse Width Modulationis capable of reducing switching losses and gives reduced harmonic distortions even at modulation indices close to unity.
Mixed-integer programming optimization-based method for switch device placement in distribution systems considering distributed generation

This paper presents a mathematical optimization methodology to placement of switches in power distribution systems. The primary objective is to minimize the total cost of reliability with consideration of achieving high-distribution reliability levels. Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is adopted to determine (i) the number of sectionalizing switches and (ii) the locations of the switches. The introduction of DGs based on island operation mode is also considered is this paper. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is examined on a reliability test system. The presented results indicate that the proposed methodology is provided a global optimum solution for the switch placement problem while the reliability, capital investment and annual operation and maintenance costs are considered.
The Family X DNA Polymerase from Deinococcus radiodurans Adopts a Non-standard Extended Conformation

Deinococcus radiodurans is an extraordinarily radioresistant bacterium that is able to repair hundreds of radiation-induced double-stranded DNA breaks. One of the players in this pathway is an X family DNA polymerase (PolXDr). Deletion of PolXDr has been shown to decrease the rate of repair of double-stranded DNA breaks and increase cell sensitivity to gamma-rays. A 3′→5′ exonuclease activity that stops cutting close to DNA loops has also been demonstrated. The present crystal structure of PolXDr solved at 2.46-Å resolution reveals that PolXDr has a novel extended conformation in stark contrast to the closed “right hand” conformation commonly observed for DNA polymerases. This extended conformation is stabilized by the C-terminal PHP domain, whose putative nuclease active site is obstructed by its interaction with the polymerase domain. The overall conformation and the presence of non standard residues in the active site of the polymerase X domain makes PolXDr the founding member of a novel class of polymerases involved in DNA repair but whose detailed mode of action still remains enigmatic.
Economic Growth and the GDP Share of Consumption: An Empirical Analysis for Asia

ABSTRACT The majority of Asian countries, in particular, those located in East Asia, such as China, are characterized by high GDP shares of consumption. While over the past two decades there has been a remarkable growth in consumption, and to a lesser extent of consumption per capita, the GDP share of the consumption has declined by a considerable amount in Asia. The article presents projections of the GDP consumption share. The projections are based on time series models and an econometric model that relates the GDP share of consumption to GDP growth. Instrumental variables estimates show that the GDP share of consumption is significantly negatively related to growth: A decrease in PPP GDP per capita growth of 1 percentage point increases the GDP share of consumption by around 2 percentage points. Slower growth in Asia would thus significantly contribute to a higher GDP share of consumption in that region.
Low-cost W-band frequency converter with broad-band waveguide-to-microstrip transducer

A new waveguide-to-microstrip transducer has been developed using a polytetrafluoroethylene printed circuit board. This can fully cover the W-band (75 GHz-110 GHz), and the transmission loss is typically 0.77 dB. Combining the transducer with a 2nd-order harmonic mixer, a W-band frequency converter has been successfully developed. An up-conversion gain of -20.0 dB and down-conversion gain of -22.3 dB, including a loss of peripheral circuits, are obtained. In this paper, we present the development of the waveguide-to-microstrip transducer and the frequency converter for ultra-wideband communications.
Energy calibration method for an all-digital high resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Digitizing scintillation pulses with the Multi-voltage threshold (MVT) method shows great potentials for building all-digital positron emission tomography (PET). In this paper, we introduce the MVT method into gamma-ray spectroscopy. An accurate scintillation pulse model used in pulse fitting is especially important to get precise energy when implementing the MVT in gamma-ray spectroscopy, since a wide-range energy needs to be measured with limited MVT samples. However, accurately model the scintillation pulse is a not trivial work, as the physical model of scintillation pulse is not only determined by scintillator and photo-electric device but also the parasitic capacitance and inductance of the read out circuits. The unideal scintillation pulse model adopted in the MVT degrades the spectral accuracy and the energy resolution. To address this problem, an energy calibration method is proposed in this paper. By measuring the energy of scintillation pulses with different pulse amplitudes with high sample rate ADC and the MVT respectively, a look-up table is generated by dividing the energy obtained in the ADC to that in the MVT. The look-up table is used as calibration coefficient to correct the energy in the all-digital data acquisition system (DAQ) based on the MVT. Our preliminary results show that with the proposed energy calibration method, the peak-to-valley ratio in the Cs-137 energy spectrum is increased by about 1.5 times and the energy resolution is improved from 6.1% to 3.8% at 662 keV with LaBr3/PMT detector, which is equivalent to that of a 5 GSPS ADC.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the pPT23A Plasmid Family of Pseudomonas syringae

ABSTRACT The pPT23A plasmid family of Pseudomonas syringae contains members that contribute to the ecological and pathogenic fitness of their P. syringae hosts. In an effort to understand the evolution of these plasmids and their hosts, we undertook a comparative analysis of the phylogeny of plasmid genes and that of conserved chromosomal genes from P. syringae. In total, comparative sequence and phylogenetic analyses were done utilizing 47 pPT23A family plasmids (PFPs) from 16 pathovars belonging to six genomospecies. Our results showed that the plasmid replication gene (repA), the only gene currently known to be distributed among all the PFPs, had a phylogeny that was distinct from that of the P. syringae hosts of these plasmids and from those of other individual genes on PFPs. The phylogenies of two housekeeping chromosomal genes, those for DNA gyrase B subunit (gyrB) and primary sigma factor (rpoD), however, were strongly associated with genomospecies of P. syringae. Based on the results from this study, we conclude that the pPT23A plasmid family represents a dynamic genome that is mobile among P. syringae pathovars.
Physical Models of Planar Spiral Inductor Integrated on the High-Resistivity and Trap-Rich Silicon-on-Insulator Substrates

High-resistivity(HR) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates provide low substrate loss, so planar spiral inductors integrated on them presenting higher quality factor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) than those on traditional Si substrates. However, the parasitic surface conduction (PSC) effect in the SOI substrate constitutes a conductive layer underneath the buried oxide layer, which deteriorates the inductors performance. This effect can be effectively eliminated by introducing a trap-rich layer. In this paper, physical models that can accurately characterize the behavior of inductors integrated on the HR and radio frequency enhanced signal integrity (RFeSI) SOI substrates are presented, and the analysis and evaluation of PSC effect on the performance of inductors, i.e., the inductance, the quality factor, the self-resonant frequency, and the frequency, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> peaks, are shown. Planar spiral inductors integrated on HR and RFeSI SOI substrates are fabricated and measured, validating the feasibility of the models we use. The experiment results show that the value of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the frequency where it peaks can be improved significantly by eliminating the PSC effect. The temperature effects are also explored, showing that the PSC effect gets worse with raising temperature and accelerates the degradation rate of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
What determines the permanent emigration of Poles? The analysis of the spatial diversification of causes in three economic age groups

Our paper seeks answers to the following questions: What are the determinants of permanent emigration from Poland and how do they vary for specific economic age groups (pre-working, working, and post-working age)? Do the causes of permanent emigration differ over space in these categories, and if so, how? We applied GIS and ESDA instruments, including geographically weighted regression, which allowed us to identify the variability of regression coefficients in the geographical space. Our research indicated socio-economic factors (among others: poviats budget income, feminisation rate, unemployment rate), which, with varying force and in varying directions, affected the studied variable in specific parts of the country. The analyses were performed on the basis of statistical data on the numbers of de-registrations for residence abroad in Poland’s NUTS-4 in three economic age groups (pre-working, working, and post-working age) for the time span from 2005 to 2013.
[Clinicopathological characteristics of primary nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The primary nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma (NPAC) is rare. This study was designed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of primary NPAC. METHODS A series of carcinoma biopsies taken from the nasopharynx of the patients followed at Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University were reviewed during 24 years. The clinical data and paraffin blocks of 39 NPAC patients were used for this study. In addition, the clinical manifestations of 177 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients were adopted as control. HE, Alcian blue, and PAS histochemical staining were performed and then the morphology was observed under microscope. RESULTS (1) There were 153 NPACs found in 31791 carcinomas of the nasopharynx; thus the hospital-based frequency of NPAC was 0.48% (153/31791). (2) The median age of 39 NPAC patients was 46.0 years old and the age peak was 40-49 age group. (3) Seventeen out of 39 NPAC patients (43.5%) were female. (4) Most of NPAC tumors (23/38) took growth beyond the nasopharyngeal cavity (T3) and/or invasion to the cranial bone and/or cranial nerves (T4). Furthermore, only 7 NPAC patients (7/39, 17.95%) had lymph node metastasis; and on the contrary, there were 136 out of the 177 patients (136/177, 76.84%) with NPC had lymph node(s) metastasis. There was significant difference between these two percentages (17.95% vs. 76.84%, P< 0.01). (5) The 39 NPACs could be classified into 2 categories, namely conventional type (16 cases) and salivary gland type (23 cases). The conventional type could further be graded as low-grade (9 cases) and high-grade (7 cases). The 23 salivary-gland type NPACs consisted of 17 adenoid cystic carcinomas and 6 mucoepidermoid carcinomas. (6)The continuation of neoplastic cells to surface lining epithelium was presented in 7 conventional type adenocarcinomas (including all 5 papillary adenocarcinomas) and 4 mucoepidermoid carcinomas. The transition from the adenoid cystic carcinoma cells to the atypical hyperplastic lesion of the ductal epithelium of minor salivary gland was observed in 2 cases. CONCLUSION The primary NPAC is uncommon. The age distribution of NPACs is not different from that of NPCs. Most patients show significant local invasion, but scarce cervical lymph node metastasis, especially adenoid cystic carcinomas.
NUP98 gene rearrangements and the clonal evolution of chronic myelogenous leukemia

The role of the BCR‐ABL fusion gene in the pathogenesis of the chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has been well established. Several additional genetic changes have been reported to occur, at varying frequencies, during disease progression to “accelerated” and “blast crisis” phases. The NUP98 gene localized to chromosome band 11p15 has been found at the breakpoints of several distinct chromosomal translocations in patients with both de novo and therapy‐related myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Using combined cytogenetic and molecular analyses, we have found rearrangements of the NUP98 gene in the leukemic cells of two patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive CML, during disease evolution. As expected, analysis of the t(7;11)(p15;p15) from one of the patients showed an in‐frame NUP98‐HOXA9 fusion. The fusion points were similar to previously reported NUP98‐HOXA9 fusion points from patients with MDS/AML. Our results indicate that the NUP98 gene is an additional, albeit infrequent, genetic target during clonal evolution of CML. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Midinfrared Invisibility Cloak Design Using Composite Optical Materials

In this paper, conventional transformation optics is applied to design an optical cloak in mid-IR region (5 μm) for TM polarization to conceal cylindrical object using composite optical structures. Effective medium theory in this method will be used. Based on required permittivity and permeability for TM radiation, we approximate the cloak region by a 25 polymeric composite cylindrical layers. Each layer is a polymeric medium (Poly Tetra Fluor Ethylene) with random distribution of plasmonic spherical nanoparticles, which possess desired plasma frequency in order to achieve required permittivity at operational wavelength. The results show that by changing the plasma frequency of spherical particles in each layer, there is possibility of cloak design at other operational wavelengths in midinfrared range. In order to calculate the effective permittivity of each layer, Clausius-Mossotti formula is used. Based on this idea, an infrared cloak design is shown and completely simulated.