Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REF4 and RFR1, Subunits of the Transcriptional Coregulatory Complex Mediator, Are Required for Phenylpropanoid Homeostasis in Arabidopsis*

Background: Mediator is a conserved eukaryotic transcriptional coregulatory complex. Results: Disruption of two putative Mediator subunits leads to hyperaccumulation of phenylpropanoids, metabolites important to both the fitness of plants and their utility to humans. Conclusion: Mediator is essential in plants for the maintenance of phenylpropanoid homeostasis. Significance: Functional dissection of Mediator is critical to understand eukaryotic transcription and to rationally engineer plant metabolic pathways. The plant phenylpropanoid pathway produces an array of metabolites that impact human health and the utility of feed and fiber crops. We previously characterized several Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with dominant mutations in REDUCED EPIDERMAL FLUORESCENCE 4 (REF4) that cause dwarfing and decreased accumulation of phenylpropanoids. In contrast, ref4 null plants are of normal stature and have no apparent defect in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Here we show that disruption of both REF4 and its paralog, REF4-RELATED 1 (RFR1), results in enhanced expression of multiple phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes, as well as increased accumulation of numerous downstream products. We also show that the dominant ref4-3 mutant protein interferes with the ability of the PAP1/MYB75 transcription factor to induce the expression of PAL1 and drive anthocyanin accumulation. Consistent with our experimental results, both REF4 and RFR1 have been shown to physically associate with the conserved transcriptional coregulatory complex, Mediator, which transduces information from cis-acting DNA elements to RNA polymerase II at the core promoter. Taken together, our data provide critical genetic support for a functional role of REF4 and RFR1 in the Mediator complex, and for Mediator in the maintenance of phenylpropanoid homeostasis. Finally, we show that wild-type RFR1 substantially mitigates the phenotype of the dominant ref4-3 mutant, suggesting that REF4 and RFR1 may compete with one another for common binding partners or for occupancy in Mediator. Determining the functions of diverse Mediator subunits is essential to understand eukaryotic gene regulation, and to facilitate rational manipulation of plant metabolic pathways to better suit human needs.
A statistical-mechanics approach to large-system analysis of CDMA multiuser detectors

We present a theory, based on statistical mechanics, to evaluate analytically the performance of uncoded, fully synchronous, randomly spread code-division multiple-access (CDMA) multiuser detectors with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, under perfect power control, and in the large-system limit. Application of the replica method, a tool developed in the literature of statistical mechanics, allows us to derive analytical expressions for the bit-error rate, as well as the multiuser efficiency, of the individually optimum (IO) and jointly optimum (JO) multiuser detectors over the whole range of noise levels. The information-theoretic capacity of the randomly spread CDMA channel and the performance of decorrelating and linear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detectors are also derived in the same replica formulation, thereby demonstrating validity of the statistical-mechanical approach.
Pediatric vascular tumors of the liver: beware!

P ediatric vascular liver tumors are divided into infantile heman- gioendothelioma (HE), cavernous hemangioma, and arterio-venous malformations. HE and cavernous hemangioma are mostly benign, asymptomatic, and found incidentally, and treatment is not necessary (1). They can be solitary or multifocal, they can be present in early infancy or appear later in childhood, they can recur even after having disappeared, and they can be of different histological types. Nevertheless, there is more than just the harmless incidental pediatric vascular liver tumor. Before we start a clinical discussion, we need to recognize that there are 2 types of histological patterns of liver HE in infants and children: HE type 1 is an orderly tumor having a pattern identical to that of the cutaneous hemangiomas, is usually benign, and regresses spontaneously with time; type 2 HE has, histologically, a more aggressive, irregular appearance, also can be called angiosarcoma, and is clearly a malignant tumor that needs aggressive treatment (2). Unfortunately, imaging studies do not easily help to definitely differentiate between HE types 1 and 2. They show different contrast enhancements in computed tomography scans (centripetal vs irregular central) (3), but this may only raise suspi-cion and must lead to the decision to perform a biopsy. Because HE can present as multifocal disease, definite histological diagnosis is difficult to obtain in such cases because histology may be different from nodule to nodule. Serum parameters help neither; a -fetopro-tein has no diagnostic value, because most often it is normal. What can help us to distinguish between children with HE type 1 or type 2? There are different clinical pictures that must raise suspicion. First, HE of the neonate or infant may present with complications (eg, congestive heart failure) needing treatment (eg, steroids, chemotherapy, interferon, embolization), but it usually resolves with time and will not bother anymore. But beware! It seems that multifocal disease can show
There-Reality: Selective Rendering in High Fidelity Virtual Environments

There-reality environments are those virtual environments which evoke the same perceptual response from a viewer as if they were actually present, or there, in the real scene being depicted. While it is possible to compute highly accurate representations of real scenes, the computational requirements of such a full physically-based global illumination solution are significant, currently precluding its computation on even a powerful modern PC in reasonable let alone real time. However, to provide a useful tool, there-reality environments need to be interactive. A key factor to consider if we are ever to achieve such “Realism in Real-Time” is that we are computing images for humans to look at. Although the human visual system is very good, it is by no means perfect. By understanding what the human does, or perhaps more importantly, does not see, enables us to save substantial computation effort without any loss of perceptual quality of the resultant image. This paper describes the novel techniques of selective rendering which allow us to direct computational resources to those areas of high perceptual importance while avoiding computing any detail which will not be perceived by the viewer. Such selective rendering methods offer us the real possibility of achieving there-reality environments of complex scenes at interactive rates.
INCIDENTAL ACQUISITION OF GRAMMATICAL FEATURES DURING READING IN L1 AND L2

The present study explores the initial stages of incidental acquisition of two grammatical properties of verbs (subcategorization and [ir]regularity) during reading in first language (L1) and second language (L2) German using an adjusted self-paced reading paradigm. The results indicate that L1 speakers are superior to L2 speakers in the incidental acquisition of grammatical knowledge (experiments on subcategorization), except when the new knowledge interferes with previously acquired knowledge and mechanisms (experiments on [ir]regularity): Although both populations performed equally well regarding the acquisition of the subcategorization of verbs from the input (i.e., whether the verbs are transitive or intransitive), they differed with respect to the regularity status of new verbs. L1 speakers (in contrast to L2 learners) seem to disprefer irregularly conjugated verb forms in general, irrespective of their conjugation in the previous input. The results further show that the syntactic complexity of the context and morphological markedness positively affect the incidental acquisition of new words in the L2, triggering learners’ shift of attention from the text level to the word level.
Treatment of Basilar Artery Embolism With a Mechanical Extraction Device: Necessity of Flow Reversal

Background and Purpose— The success of local fibrinolysis in vertebrobasilar thromboembolism depends on the volume and composition of the clot. Since thrombolysis can also be time consuming and cause bleeding, we investigated the feasibility of a mechanical clot retraction device based on a nitinol basket advanced through a microcatheter. Methods— Five patients with acute embolism of the basilar artery who presented with progressive stroke and impaired consciousness were included in a multicenter study (Neuronet Evaluation in Embolic Stroke Disease [NEED]). In 3 patients flow reversal was induced with the use of silicone balloons or coaxial catheters. Three patients required additional fibrinolysis. Results— The device failed to retrieve the clots in our first 2 patients with distal basilar artery embolism. After successful recanalization by local fibrinolysis, both patients survived, 1 disabled and 1 with little residual impairment. In the next 3 patients the anterograde flow in the basilar artery was reversed during the short retraction period by temporarily blocking the vertebral or subclavian arteries. Two of these patients were completely recanalized by solely mechanical means; the third patient needed additional fibrinolysis before also being recanalized. All 3 patients survived: 1 remained disabled, 1 had almost a full recovery, and 1 became asymptomatic the day after the procedure. Conclusions— Mechanical thrombus extraction seems to be a feasible method for preventing infarction by rapid, complete, and safe recanalization of the basilar artery. We recommend the use of flow control to support retrieval of the thrombus (which the proximal flow would otherwise keep in place like a cork) and to protect the distal vessels from embolization by fragments.
Palliative Care Teams' Cost-Saving Effect Is Larger For Cancer Patients With Higher Numbers Of Comorbidities.

Patients with multiple serious conditions account for a high proportion of health care spending. Such spending is projected to continue to grow substantially as a result of increased insurance eligibility, the ever-rising cost of care, the continued use of nonbeneficial high-intensity treatments at the end of life, and demographic changes. We evaluated the impact of palliative care consultation on hospital costs for adults with advanced cancer, excluding those with dementia. We found that compared to usual care, the receipt of a palliative care consultation within two days of admission was associated with 22 percent lower costs for patients with a comorbidity score of 2-3 and with 32 percent lower costs for those with a score of 4 or higher. Earlier consultation was also found to be systematically associated with a larger cost-saving effect for all subsamples defined by multimorbidity. Given ongoing workforce shortages, targeting early specialist palliative care to hospitalized patients with advanced cancer and higher numbers of serious concurrent conditions could improve care while complementing strategies to curb the growth of health spending.
The Role of the Location of Personal Exposimeters on the Human Body in Their Use for Assessing Exposure to the Electromagnetic Field in the Radiofrequency Range 98–2450 MHz and Compliance Analysis: Evaluation by Virtual Measurements

The use of radiofrequency (98–2450 MHz range) personal exposimeters to measure the electric field (E-field) in far-field exposure conditions was modelled numerically using human body model Gustav and finite integration technique software. Calculations with 256 models of exposure scenarios show that the human body has a significant influence on the results of measurements using a single body-worn exposimeter in various locations near the body ((from −96 to +133)%, measurement errors with respect to the unperturbed E-field value). When an exposure assessment involves the exposure limitations provided for the strength of an unperturbed E-field. To improve the application of exposimeters in compliance tests, such discrepancies in the results of measurements by a body-worn exposimeter may be compensated by using of a correction factor applied to the measurement results or alternatively to the exposure limit values. The location of a single exposimeter on the waist to the back side of the human body or on the front of the chest reduces the range of exposure assessments uncertainty (covering various exposure conditions). However, still the uncertainty of exposure assessments using a single exposimeter remains significantly higher than the assessment of the unperturbed E-field using spot measurements.
Genome-wide ancestry of 17th-century enslaved Africans from the Caribbean

Significance The transatlantic slave trade resulted in the forced movement of over 12 million Africans to the Americas. Although many coastal shipping points are known, they do not necessarily reflect the slaves’ actual ethnic or geographic origins. We obtained genome-wide data from 17th-century remains of three enslaved individuals who died on the Caribbean island of Saint Martin and use them to identify their genetic origins in Africa, with far greater precision than previously thought possible. The study demonstrates that genomic data can be used to trace the genetic ancestry of long-dead individuals, a finding that has important implications for archeology, especially in cases where historical information is missing. Between 1500 and 1850, more than 12 million enslaved Africans were transported to the New World. The vast majority were shipped from West and West-Central Africa, but their precise origins are largely unknown. We used genome-wide ancient DNA analyses to investigate the genetic origins of three enslaved Africans whose remains were recovered on the Caribbean island of Saint Martin. We trace their origins to distinct subcontinental source populations within Africa, including Bantu-speaking groups from northern Cameroon and non-Bantu speakers living in present-day Nigeria and Ghana. To our knowledge, these findings provide the first direct evidence for the ethnic origins of enslaved Africans, at a time for which historical records are scarce, and demonstrate that genomic data provide another type of record that can shed new light on long-standing historical questions.
Multiple gene-specific DNA methylation in blood leukocytes and colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study in China

The relationship between gene-specific DNA methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes and colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility is unclear. In this case-control study, the methylation status of a panel of 10 CRC-related genes in 428 CRC cases and 428 cancer-free controls were detected with methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis. We calculated a weighted methylation risk score (MRS) that comprehensively combined the methylation status of the panel of 10 genes and found that the MRS_10 was significantly associated with CRC risk. Compared with MRS-Low group, MRS-High group and MRS-Medium group exhibited a 6.51-fold (95% CI, 3.77-11.27) and 3.85-fold (95% CI, 2.72-5.45) increased risk of CRC, respectively. Moreover, the CRC risk increased with increasing MRS_10 (Ptrend < 0.0001). Stratified analyses demonstrated that the significant association retained in both men and women, younger and older, and normal weight or underweight and overweight or obese subjects. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the MRS_10 model was 69.04% (95% CI, 65.57-72.66%) and the combined EF and MRS_10 model yielded an AUC of 79.12% (95% CI, 76.22-82.15%). Together, the panel of 10 gene-specific DNA methylation in leukocytes was strongly associated with the risk of CRC and might be a useful marker of susceptibility for CRC.
Curriculum Design for Machine Learners in Sequential Decision Tasks

Existing work in machine learning has shown that algorithms can benefit from the use of curricula—learning first on simple examples before moving to more difficult problems. This work studies the curriculum-design problem in the context of sequential decision tasks, analyzing how different curricula affect learning in a Sokoban-like domain, and presenting the results of a user study that explores whether nonexperts generate effective curricula. Our results show that 1) the way in which evaluative feedback is given to the agent as it learns individual tasks does not affect the relative quality of different curricula, 2) nonexpert users can successfully design curricula that result in better overall performance than having the agent learn from scratch, and 3) nonexpert users can discover and follow salient principles when selecting tasks in a curriculum. We also demonstrate that our curriculum-learning algorithm can be improved by incorporating the principles people use when designing curricula. This work gives us insights into the development of new machine-learning algorithms and interfaces that can better accommodate machine- or human-created curricula.
Knowledge reuse through electronic knowledge repositories: a multi theoretical study

Purpose This study provides insight into factors surrounding knowledge reuse through electronic knowledge repositories (EKR). Design/methodology/approach A multi-theoretical framework is proposed that views knowledge reuse from both socio-technical and expectation confirmation model perspectives. Survey data are used to test associated hypotheses derived from the literature. Findings Results confirm the explanatory power of this approach to predict greater knowledge reuse and greater continuance of use. Research limitations/implications Results suggest social and technical factors modelled interdependently affect knowledge reuse and lead to greater performance, knowledge sharing and continuance of use. Practical implications Practical and managerial recommendations for enhancing enablers of knowledge reuse via EKR are offered. Originality/value This study models enablers to knowledge reuse and resulting downstream effects on organizational outcomes. It provides an original framework for studying knowledge reuse within an EKR or knowledge management system perspective.
Big data at work : the data science revolution and organizational psychology

Foreword by Richard Klimoski 1. Building Understanding of the Data Science Revolution and IO Psychology Eden B. King, Scott Tonidandel, Jose M. Cortina, & Alexis A. Fink Part I: Big Issues for Big Data Methods 2. Big Data Platform Jacqueline Ryan 3. Statistical Methods for Big Data: A Scenic Tour Frederick L. Oswald & Dan J. Putka 4. Twitter Analysis: Methods for Data Management and a Word Count Dictionary to Measure City-Level Job Satisfaction Ivan Hernandez, Daniel A. Newman, & Gahyun Jeon 5. Data Visualization Evan F. Sinar 6. Sensing Big Data: Multimodal Information Interfaces for Exploration of Large Data Sets Jeffrey Stanton Part II: Big Ideas for Big Data in Organization 7. Implications of the Big Data Movement for the Advancement I-O Science and Practice Dan J. Putka & Frederick L. Oswald 8. Big Data in Talent Selection and Assessment A. James Illingworth, Michael Lippstreu, & Anne-Sophie Deprez-Sims 9. Big Data in Turnover/Retention John P. Hausknecht & Huisi (Jessica) Li 10. Using Big Data to Advance the Science of Team Effectiveness Steve W. J. Kozlowski, Georgia T. Chao, Chu-Hsiang (Daisy) Chang, & Rosemarie Fernandez 11. Using Big Data to Create Diversity and Inclusion in Organizations Whitney Botsford Morgan, Eric Dunleavy, & Peter D. DeVries 12. How Big Data Matters Richard A. Guzzo
Finite Memory: A Vulnerability of Intrusion-Tolerant Systems

In environments like the Internet, faults follow unusual patterns, dictated by the combination of malicious attacks with accidental faults such as long communication delays caused by temporary network partitions. In this scenario, attackers can force buffer overflows in order to leave the system in an inconsistent state or to prevent it from doing progress, causing a denial of service. This paper is about the effects that finite memory has on intrusion-tolerant protocols and systems. We present the problem and propose a generic mitigation technique based on repair nodes that reduces the buffer space requirements. An experimental evaluation of the buffer usage with and without this technique is presented, allowing to assess in practice the effects of finite memory in a real, albeit simple, intrusion-tolerant system.
Partner‐assisted emotional disclosure for patients with gastrointestinal cancer

For patients with cancer who are married or in an intimate relationship, their relationships with their partners play a critical role in their adaptation to illness. However, cancer patients and their partners often have difficulty in talking with each other about their cancer‐related concerns. Difficulties in communication ultimately may compromise both the patient‐partner relationship and the patient's psychological adjustment. The current study tested the efficacy of a novel partner‐assisted emotional disclosure intervention in a sample of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.
Spectrum Combining for ENF Signal Estimation

The Electric Network Frequency (ENF) is the supply frequency of power distribution networks, and is often captured by audio or video measurements recorded near power supplies. The time varying nature of the ENF allows it to be used for such forensic applications as estimating the time and location of media recordings, and discerning their integrity. An initial step in such applications is to extract the ENF signal-instantaneous ENF values over time-as accurately as possible. Existing techniques rely on estimating the ENF around the nominal frequency of 50/60 Hz, or around one of its harmonics at a time. In this letter, a novel spectrum combining approach is proposed, which exploits the presence of the ENF around different harmonics of the nominal frequency. The ENF signal is estimated by combining the ENF at multiple harmonics, based on the local signal-to-noise ratio at each harmonic. A hypothesis testing performance of an ENF-based timestamp verification application is examined to validate that the proposed approach achieves a more robust and accurate performance than conventional ENF estimation techniques.
Primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

BACKGROUND The optimal treatment of primary gastric large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (PGL) has not been defined. Recent studies have suggested that organ-preserving treatment produces the same results as surgical treatment. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data of 88 patients diagnosed with PGL between 1995 and 2003 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Sixty-two patients received chemotherapy (CT), three received CT followed by radiotherapy (CT+RT), three received surgery (ST), 14 received surgery followed by CT (ST+ adjuvant CT), one patient received ST followed by radiotherapy (ST+RT), one patient received radiotherapy (RT) alone, one received eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori only and 3 patients received no further therapy after diagnosis. RESULTS Of the 81 patients who received endoscopic biopsy of gastric lesions, the diagnosis of PGL could be made in all but one. Seven patients were diagnosed by pathology after ST without preoperative pathologic diagnosis. The complete remission rate was 77.3%. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 50.0% and 81.6%, respectively. There was no difference in OS (p = 0.4051) and DFS (p = 0.8519) between patients receiving mainly CT (CT or CT+RT) and those receiving primary surgery (ST, ST+ adjuvant CT or ST+RT). We found that poor performance status (p < 0.0001), elevated beta2-microglobulin level (p = 0.0082) and no CT (p = 0.0002) had adverse effects on OS. CONCLUSION The present data show that CT should be the primary treatment for patients with PGL if the diagnosis can be made with endoscopic biopsy.