Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental Health in Prison: A Trauma Perspective on Importation and Deprivation

Prison is primarily intended as a punishment for criminal acts. It is an establishment which aims to punish those who commit crime, protect the public from crime and criminals, and reform criminals into law abiding citizens, thus reduce re-offending. It has however, been reported that imprisonment increases vulnerabilities and heightens mental ill health. Studies across a variety of counties have reported that the prevalence of mental illness in prison far exceeds that of the general population. Several studies have suggested that prisoners experience a number of pre-prison adversities which contribute to subsequent mental ill health. However, there are additional reports that prisoners develop mental illness due to the prison environment. This debate is rooted within a theoretical framework which considers importation and deprivation models (i.e., do prisoners take mental illness with them when they are imprisoned or do factors associated with being imprisoned cause mental illness to develop? ). This current paper discusses how this theoretical framework may be placed within a trauma context. Many studies report that trauma precipitates the development of mental illness. Trauma is often prevalent for individuals prior to imprisonment and often experienced during imprisonment. Thus, it is suggested that the adverse effects of trauma are cumulative and thus likely to precipitate severe mental illness suggesting that mental illness in prison is attributable to both importation and deprivation perspectives.
Efficient Hardware Realization of Truncated Multipliers using FPGA

Truncated multiplier is a good candidate for digital signal processing (DSP) applications including finite impulse response (FIR) and discrete cosine transform (DCT). Through truncated multiplier a significant reduction in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) resources can be achieved. This paper presents for the first time a comparison of resource utilization of Spartan-3AN and Virtex-5 implementation of standard and truncated multipliers using Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL). The Virtex-5 FPGA shows significant improvement as compared to Spartan-3AN FPGA device. The Virtex-5 FPGA device shows better performance with a percentage ratio of number of occupied slices for standard to truncated multipliers is increased from 40% to 73.86% as compared to Spartan3AN is decreased from 68.75% to 58.78%. Results show that the anomaly in Spartan-3AN FPGA device average connection and maximum pin delay have been efficiently reduced in Virtex-5 FPGA device. Keywords—Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Spartan-3AN, Truncated Multiplier, Virtex-5, VHDL.
Visual Motion Onset Brain–Computer Interface

The paper presents a study of two novel visual motion onset stimulus-based brain-computer interfaces (vmoBCI). Two settings are compared with afferent and efferent to a computer screen center motion patterns. Online vmoBCI experiments are conducted in an oddball event-related potential (ERP) paradigm allowing for "aha-responses" decoding in EEG brainwaves. A subsequent stepwise linear discriminant analysis classification (swLDA) classification accuracy comparison is discussed based on two inter-stimulus-interval (ISI) settings of 700 and 150 ms in two online vmoBCI applications with six and eight command settings. A research hypothesis of classification accuracy non-significant differences with various ISIs is confirmed based on the two settings of 700 ms and 150 ms, as well as with various numbers of ERP response averaging scenarios. The efferent in respect to display center visual motion patterns allowed for a faster interfacing and thus they are recommended as more suitable for the no-eye-movements requiring visual BCIs.
Mediterranean Diet and Essential Tremor

Background: Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) has been related to lower Alzheimer’s disease risk. Some dietary factors have been studied in patients with essential tremor (ET), but the MeDi’s effect has not been investigated. Methods: Adherence to the MeDi was calculated from a food frequency questionnaire administered in a case-control study of environmental epidemiology of ET in the New York Tri-State area. Logistic regression models were used to examine whether adherence to the MeDi predicted ET (vs. control) outcome. The models adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, education, caloric intake, body mass index, smoking, ethanol consumption, coffee intake and blood harmane concentrations. Results: 148 ET cases adhered less to MeDi (0–9 scale with higher scores indicating higher adherence) than 250 controls (mean 4.3 ± 1.7 vs. 4.7 ± 1.7; p = 0.03). Higher adherence to MeDi was associated with lower odds for ET [0.78 (0.61–0.99); p = 0.042]. As compared to subjects at the lowest MeDi adherence tertile, those at the middle tertile had lower ET odds [0.41 (0.16–1.05)], while subjects at the highest tertile had an even lower ET odds [0.29 (0.10–0.82); p for trend 0.021]. Conclusions: Compared to controls, ET cases adhered less to MeDi. The gradual reduction in ET odds with higher MeDi adherence tertiles suggests a possible dose-response effect. The mechanisms that underlie this association merit further study.
90Y-DOTA-CHS Microspheres for Live Radiomicrosphere Therapy: Preliminary In Vivo Lung Radiochemical Stability Studies

Chitosan (CHS) is used to prepare microspheres of 31 ± 8 µm size. Surface modification with p-SCN-Bn-DOTA was performed. A maximum 90Y capacity was found to be 12.1 ± 4.4 µCi/particle. The best obtained labeling yield was 87.7 ± 0.6%. More than 90% in vitro stability was found. Particle in vitro degradation half-life in PBS was found to be greater than 21 days. In vivo studies with 90Y-DOTA-CHS showed more than 95% of the injected activity (decay corrected) in the lungs 24 hours after tail vein administration. 90Y-DOTA-CHS in vivo label stability was superior to resin microspheres. The addition of p-SCN-Bn-DOTA served as a radioprotectant for bone marrow as the 5% 90Y released, during the first 24 hours, was quickly eliminated via urine.
A universal Dirac operator and noncommutative spin bundles over fuzzy complex projective spaces

We present a universal Dirac operator for noncommutative spin and spinc bundles over fuzzy complex projective spaces. We give an explicit construction of these bundles, which are described in terms of finite dimensional matrices, calculate the spectrum and explicitly exhibit the Dirac eigenspinors. To our knowledge the spinc spectrum for n with n ≥ 3 is new.
Reference Values for Lung Function Tests in Adult Saudi Population

Background/Aim: Lung function testing is an important measure to diagnose many respiratory disorders. However, their proper interpretation relies mainly on the availability of appropriate reference data. Many reference values are available but most of them are directed to western populations, leaving the rest of the world uncovered despite the established effects of different ethnicity on Lung function tests. Moreover, Very little data are available that can be used as reference values for Saudi people. Therefore, this study was designed to generate prediction equations for respiratory parameters that could be applied for Saudi adult persons. Methods: Three hundred healthy- never smoker adult Saudi students from Tabuk University (150 male and 150 female) with age range 18-25 years were assessed for respiratory functions by oral spirometry. Measured parameters included: Vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC%, forced expiratory flow in mid portion of FVC (FEF25-75%) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). Multiple regression analysis; using sex, height and weight as predictors; was carried out to estimate prediction equations for the respiratory parameters measured. Our results were then compared with data obtained from other studies for Caucasian, African and Japanese ethnic groups. Results: The predicted values for Saudi adults were lower for both male and female subjects than Caucasian, African and Japanese subjects for most of the parameters tested. The greatest difference was obsereved between Saudi adults and Caucasians. However, FEV1/FVC% was higher in Saudi subjects than all other ethnic groups. Moreover, FEF25-75% was higher in male Saudi adults than the other ethnic groups. In addition, in adult Saudi females VC was higher than African and Japanese and lower than Caucasian ones. Conclusions: A considerable difference was found between prediction equations and reference values obtained in the present study and other ethnic groups as Caucasian, African and Japanese. Therefore, pulmonary function reference values and prediction equations were derived for both sexes between the ages 18-25 years in healthy non-smoker Saudi adults. This will provide accurate interpretation for lung functions in this population.
Design of three-phase intermediate frequency aviation power based on single chip microcomputer

A three-phase intermediate frequency aviation inverter power with single chip microcomputer and SA8282 as its main controller is designed in this paper. The overall structure of the proposed system is given. The working principle and design method of the main circuit are presented in detail. Among the control circuit design process, the generation of SPWM waveforms, the main parameters design of SA8282, the digital PI regulation and the software design process are analyzed. The proposed control strategy has been implemented on a 9KVA, 400Hz three-phase power supply. Experimental results show that the three-phase output voltage waveforms are quite good, the performance of the supply meets the demand.
Evaluation of porous PZT with 3-3 connectivity for biomedical ultrasonic imaging applications

PZT porous ceramics with 3-3 connectivity is characterized on the large range of porosity from 25 % to more than 80%, for possible use in ultrasonic systems for medical imaging. Two methods are used to evaluate the electromechanical properties of these transducers, the resonance method and an original method based on the analysis of the time response of transducer excited by a current impulse. Porous PZT developed a same d33 than Structural PZT ceramic which gives a large voltage coefficient g33, thickness coupling coefficients kt are very large, and then planar coupling coefficients are reduced strongly, for 60% of porosity = kt/kp =3,1 the for PZT ceramic kt/kp = 0,67 These results showed that the presence of the three-dimensional porosity in ceramic causes a decoupling of the piezoelectric effects axial radial directions, to privilege the axial mode, and for large porosities the transducer vibrates exclusively according to the axial mode. The acoustic impedance (Za) is decreased by the reduction of the density of PZT. Porous PZT constitute an excellent material for use in ultrasonic systems for medical imaging.
EXPLORATION OF ANNEALING EFFECT ON PORE FORMATION OF POLYETHYLENE FILMS

This paper reports the exploration of annealing effect on the pore formation of semicrystalline homopolymer, polyethylene (PE) films. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and wideangle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) techniques were used to gain fundamental understanding of the change in the crystalline structure of a PE film during the annealing process. Mercury porosimetry was employed to characterize the pore structure of PE porous films under different annealing conditions. The result showed that annealing was critical for the pore formation in PE films. Longer annealing time not only resulted in larger crystalline lamellae and higher crystallinity, but also promoted the pore formation leading to larger porosity and pore size in PE films. Porous films with 49.5% porosity and an average pore size of 96.5 nm were achieved when the annealing time was 24 hours.
Learning to grasp familiar objects based on experience

Stably grasping objects for a specific task is a hot research topic in robotics due to multiple degrees of freedom of hand kinematics, incomplete visual sensing of objects, and various shapes of objects. This paper proposes an effective grasp planning method by integrating the crucial grasp cues (positions and orientations of thumb fingertips and the wrist) from human experience. This approach greatly reduces the search space of hand kinematics and meanwhile, represents important human grasp intentions. Then, for various shapes of objects which are partially observable in the visual sensing, the presented approach learns the “thumb” grasp point employing a SHOT shape descriptor based on objects' category level. This method recognizes the grasp point according to the shape affordance at each point on the object, which performs the grasp point generalization on the familiar objects. Finally, we verify the developed methods via both simulations and experiments by grasping various shapes of objects.
dtFall: decision-theoretic framework to report unseen falls

Automated systems to report falls have long been sought. However, it is very difficult to train classifiers for falls as these are rare events that are difficult to gather training data for. Further, the costs associated with false alarms and missed alarms are not very well known or understood. In this paper, we present a decision-theoretic framework to fall detection (dtFall) that aims to tackle the core problem of when to report a fall, given an arbitrary amount (possibly zero) of training data for falls, and given little or no information about the costs associated with falls. We derive equations for the expected regret (for not using a decision-theoretic approach), and present a novel method to parameterize unseen falls, such that we can accommodate training situations with no fall data. We identify problems with theoretical thresholding to identify falls using decision-theoretic modeling when training data for fall data is absent, and present a modified empirical thresholding technique to handle imperfect models for falls and non-falls. We present results on two activity recognition datasets and show that knowing the difference in the cost between a reported fall and a false alarm is useful, as the cost of false alarm gets bigger this becomes more significant. The results also show that the difference in the cost of between a reported and non-reported fall is not that useful.
On the Hydrodynamic Diffusion of Rigid Particles of Arbitrary Shape with Application to DNA

A general model for the diffusive dynamics of rigid particles in a viscous solvent is studied. The model applies to particles of arbitrary shape and allows for arbitrary cross- and self-coupling between translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Scaling and perturbation techniques are used to characterize the dynamics at time scales relevant to different classic experimental methods. It is shown that translational and rotational motion can be treated as independent at these time scales and can be described by simplified diffusion models, provided that certain geometric and hydrodynamic parameters associated with a particle are small. These parameters are estimated for DNA molecules of different length using a sequence-dependent geometric model based on x-ray crystallography and a numerical boundary element technique. Our results suggest that, for short DNA fragments up to about a persistence length, translational data can be accurately analyzed using a simplified model characterized by a scalar, ori.
Aggression predicts Cortisol Awakening Response in healthy young adults

Few studies have examined therelationship between the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and aggression inhealthy youth adults. This study analyzes this relationship in 83 women (38 inluteal phase and 45 in follicular phase of menstrual cycle) and 20 men.Salivary-free cortisol measures of the CAR were obtained immediately followingawakening and 30, 45, and 60 minutes afterwards. Additionally, participantscompleted a self-report of aggression. Men presented lower levels of CAR thanwomen in luteal phase. Men were also liable to present more physical aggressionthan women, independently of their menstrual phase. General aggression andspecifically verbal aggression are predictors of CAR in men. In women, verbalaggression predicts CAR during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle;whereas anger and physical aggression do so during the luteal phase. CAR may beused as a valid marker of proneness to aggression – but must be considered differentlydepending on gender and menstrual cycle of women. This study offers relevantinformation on the hormonal bases of aggression and so contributes to theliterature on alleviating problems related to violence.
Age-related energy values of bakery meal for broiler chickens determined using the regression method.

A study was conducted to determine the ileal digestible energy (IDE), ME, and MEn contents of bakery meal using the regression method and to evaluate whether the energy values are age-dependent in broiler chickens from zero to 21 d post hatching. Seven hundred and eighty male Ross 708 chicks were fed 3 experimental diets in which bakery meal was incorporated into a corn-soybean meal-based reference diet at zero, 100, or 200 g/kg by replacing the energy-yielding ingredients. A 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of 3 ages (1, 2, or 3 wk) and 3 dietary bakery meal levels were used. Birds were fed the same experimental diets in these 3 evaluated ages. Birds were grouped by weight into 10 replicates per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Apparent ileal digestibility and total tract retention of DM, N, and energy were calculated. Expression of mucin (MUC2), sodium-dependent phosphate transporter (NaPi-IIb), solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, Y(+) system, SLC7A2), glucose (GLUT2), and sodium-glucose linked transporter (SGLT1) genes were measured at each age in the jejunum by real-time PCR. Addition of bakery meal to the reference diet resulted in a linear decrease in retention of DM, N, and energy, and a quadratic reduction (P < 0.05) in N retention and ME. There was a linear increase in DM, N, and energy as birds' ages increased from 1 to 3 wk. Dietary bakery meal did not affect jejunal gene expression. Expression of genes encoding MUC2, NaPi-IIb, and SLC7A2 linearly increased (P < 0.05) with age. Regression-derived MEn of bakery meal linearly increased (P < 0.05) as the age of birds increased, with values of 2,710, 2,820, and 2,923 kcal/kg DM for 1, 2, and 3 wk, respectively. Based on these results, utilization of energy and nitrogen in the basal diet decreased when bakery meal was included and increased with age of broiler chickens.
Localization of single‐cell current sources based on extracellular potential patterns: the spike CSD method

Traditional current source density (tCSD) calculation method calculates neural current source distribution of extracellular (EC) potential patterns, thus providing important neurophysiological information. While the tCSD method is based on physical principles, it adopts some assumptions, which can not hold for single‐cell activity. Consequently, tCSD method gives false results for single‐cell activity. A new, spike CSD (sCSD) method has been developed, specifically designed to reveal CSD distribution of single cells during action potential generation. This method is based on the inverse solution of the Poisson‐equation. The efficiency of the method is tested and demonstrated with simulations, and showed, that the sCSD method reconstructed the original CSD more precisely than the tCSD. The sCSD method is applied to EC spatial potential patterns of spikes, measured in cat primary auditory cortex with a 16‐channel chronically implanted linear probe in vivo. Using our method, the cell–electrode distances were estimated and the spatio‐temporal CSD distributions were reconstructed. The results suggested, that the new method is potentially useful in determining fine details of the spatio‐temporal dynamics of spikes.
Accurate extraction of human faces and their components from color digital images based on a hierarchical model

Many human face-based applications depend on accurate extraction of human faces and their components from complex color digital images. Most existing methods are only based on human skin regions and their adjacency relations, but do not utilize their sub-division and grouping at multiple levels. This paper presents a hierarchical model to address this. The model contains pixels, runs, regions, and their respective relations for a digital image. Human skin regions are identified by combining multiple color spaces. Adjacent human skin regions are grouped as a patch. Human face candidates are extracted from each refined human skin patch by un-linking adjacent regions of some regions based on a human facial shape model. Non-human skin patches in a human face candidate are identified as human facial internal component candidates according to the attributes and configurations of human facial components. Each human face candidate is further classified as a human face or not based on its component candidates. An extracted human face provides not only an accurate human facial region but also its components. Finally, this paper demonstrates experimental results of extracting various human faces and their components from three databases, showing that the proposed approach is more accurate and robust than other approaches.
Simulação computacional de um feixe de fótons de 6 MV em diferentes meios heterogêneos utilizando o código PENELOPE

OBJECTIVE: The PENELOPE code was utilized to simulate irradiation geometries where heterogeneities are present and to simulate a photon beam behavior under these conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the homogeneous case, the ionizing radiation behavior was simulated only with water, and different materials were introduced to simulate heterogeneous conditions. Cubic geometries were utilized for the homogeneous phantoms, and parallelepiped-shaped geometries for the heterogeneities with the following composition: bone and lung tissue simulators, as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection, and titanium, aluminum and silver. Input parameters were defined as follows: energy and type of source, 6 MV photons; source-surface distance=100 cm; and radiation field of 10x 10 cm2. RESULTS: Percentage depth-dose curves were obtained for all the cases. As result, it was observed that for high electronic density materials, such as silver, the absorbed dose is higher than the absorbed dose in the homogeneous phantom, and for the lung tissue simulator, it is lower. CONCLUSION: Results clearly demonstrate the relevant role of heterogeneities in the treatment planning system algorithms utilized in the calculation of dose distribution in patients, increasing the accuracy of the dose delivered to the tumor and avoiding unnecessary irradiation of healthy tissues.