Evidensgrundlaget for danske råd om kost og fysisk aktivitet

The evidence-base for the Danish guidelines for diet and physical activity The official evidence-based dietary guidelines are established to promote health and reduce the risk of diet related diseases among the general population through improved nutrition and physical activity. The aim of this report is to update the scientific evidence of the food based dietary guidelines and to assess if there is sufficient evidence to add any other considerations to the guidelines. The working group has updated the scientific evidence based on an overall nutritional assessment. The update comprises a systematic update of the scientific literature on the associations between food intake and diet related diseases, including associations with physical activity. Only evidence that is considered convincing and probable has been adopted as sufficient evidence to form a basis for the guidelines. Where pertinent, the overall assessment includes a quantification of the intake of food groups based on new available evidence and the modeling of the current Danish dietary intakes to ensure that the nutrition recommendations are achieved. Where amounts have been applied these should be regarded as guidelines and should be adjusted for individuals taking into consideration both energy and other nutrient requirements. Figures derived should be regarded as averages over a period of time. During the update the working group has not assessed potential adverse effects associated with the environment, food production processes or the occurrence of natural toxins. Based on the available evidence, the working group has conducted the following overall nutritional assessments of the following food groups and physical activity. Fruit and vegetables: Sufficient evidence is available to maintain the present guideline of an intake of 600 g fruit and vegetables per day. Potatoes are not included. As it is assumed that positive health effects of fruit and vegetables are related to a number of different bioactive constituents, it is important to vary the intake of fruit and vegetables, that fruit and vegetables each provide half of the total intake and that half of the vegetables should be root vegetables in order to obtain a sufficient amount of dietary fibre. Juice: Juice can still be included as a part of the total fruit and vegetable intake and a diet of 10 MJ/d can contain around 100 ml. Nuts: Up to around 30 g of unsalted nuts and almonds is considered a suitable amount in a healthy diet that meets the nutrient recommendations. Nuts are not included in the 600 g fruit and vegetables. Bread, cereals and potatoes: Sufficient evidence is available to maintain the present guideline of a minimum of 75 g of whole grain/10 MJ/day. To reach this level it is necessary to consume several whole grain products such as rye bread and rolled oats. Potatoes: Too few scientific studies are available on the association between consumption of potatoes and lifestyle related diseases. However, it is noted that potatoes are part of the Danish food culture and that a diet of 10 MJ/day can contain on average around 140 g potatoes and 60 g of rice or pasta. Fish and fish products: Sufficient evidence is available to recommend a dietary intake of fish and fish products of around 350 g/week in a diet of 10 MJ/d. It is recommended that both lean and fatty fish constitute part of the diet. Milk and dairy products: Sufficient evidence is available to recommend an intake of between 250 and 500 ml/d, preferably low fat dairy products. Further, a healthy diet leaves room for about 25 g of low fat cheese/10 MJ/day.