Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Midkine (MK), a heparin-binding growth/differentiation factor, is regulated by retinoic acid and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the developing mouse tooth, and affects cell proliferation and morphogenesis

Midkine (MK) is the first cloned gene in a new family of heparin- binding growth/differentiation factors involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation. We have analyzed the expression of MK mRNA and protein during tooth development in mouse embryos and studied the regulation of MK expression and the biological effects of MK protein in organ cultures. MK expression was restricted and preferential in the tooth area as compared to the rest of the developing maxillary and mandibular processes suggesting specific functions for MK during tooth morphogenesis. MK mRNA and protein were expressed during all stages of tooth formation (initiation, morphogenesis, and cell differentiation), and shifts of expression were observed between the epithelial and mesenchymal tissue components. However, the expression of mRNA and protein showed marked differences at some stages suggesting paracrine functions for MK. Tissue recombination experiments showed that MK gene and protein expression are regulated by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, and, moreover, that dental tissue induces the ectopic expression of MK protein in non-dental tissue. The expression of MK gene and protein in the mandibular arch mesenchyme from the tooth region were stimulated by local application of retinoic acid in beads. Cell proliferation was inhibited in dental mesenchyme around the beads releasing MK, but this effect was modulated by simultaneous application of FGF-2. Morphogenesis and cell differentiation were inhibited in tooth germs cultured in the presence of neutralizing antibodies for MK, whereas the development of other organs (e.g., salivary gland, kidney) was unaffected. These results suggest important roles for MK in the molecular cascade that regulates tooth development.
RAIDB5: An Economical and High Available Database Cluster for Large-Scale Archived Stream

Some burgeoning web applications, such as web search engines, need to track, store and analyze massive real-time users' access logs with high availability of 24*7. The traditional high availability approaches towards general-purpose transaction applications are usually not efficient or economical enough to store these high-rate insertion-only archived stream data. This paper proposes RAIDB5 (Redundant Array of Independent DataBases level 5) to store and manage these archived streams. We design the read-optimized and write-optimized algorithms which is distinct from the read-optimized ones in RAID5. These algorithms significantly improve the performance of write operations via classifying the data files of databases into live and history files. Based on a Markov model, we compare the performance, availability and cost of RAIDB5 with other traditional database backup modes. The analysis results show that RAIDB5 has better performance at the same cost and has the better performability and lower cost at the same system scale than the classical double replication mode.
Probing the past 30-year phenology trend of US deciduous forests

Abstract. Phenology is experiencing dramatic changes over deciduous forests in the USA. Estimates of trends in phenology on the continental scale are uncertain, however, with studies failing to agree on both the magnitude and spatial distribution of trends in spring and autumn. This is due to the sparsity of in situ records, uncertainties associated with remote sensing data, and the regional focus of many studies. It has been suggested that reported trends are a result of recent temperature changes, though multiple processes are thought to be involved and the nature of the temperature forcing remains unknown. To date, no study has directly attributed long-term phenological trends to individual forcings across the USA through integrating observations with models. Here, we construct an extensive database of ground measurements of phenological events across the USA, and use it to calibrate and evaluate a suite of phenology models. The models use variations of the accumulative temperature summation, with additional chilling requirements for spring phenology and photoperiod limitation for autumn. Including a chilling requirement or photoperiod limitation does not improve model performance, suggesting that temperature change, especially in spring and autumn, is likely the dominant driver of the observed trend during the past 3 decades. Our results show that phenological trends are not uniform over the contiguous USA, with a significant advance of 0.34 day yr−1 for the spring budburst in the east, a delay of 0.15 day yr−1 for the autumn dormancy onset in the northeast and west, but no evidence of change elsewhere. Relative to the 1980s, the growing season in the 2000s is extended by about 1 week (3–4 %) in the east, New England, and the upper Rocky Mountains forests. Additional sensitivity tests show that intraspecific variations may not influence the predicted phenological trends. These results help reconcile conflicting reports of phenological trends in the literature, and directly attribute observed trends to long-term changes in temperature.
SUITABILITY STUDY OF DS-UWB AND UWB-FM FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

In this paper, the suitabilities of direct sequence ultra wideband (DS-UWB) and ultra wideband frequency modulation (UWB-FM) are studied for medical applications. The system performances are studied by applying the measured hospital channels. The channel measurements were done at the Oulu University hospital in 2005. The measurement campaign included three different hospital environments, i.e. the operating room, intensive care unit and x-ray operating room. The measured frequency range was from 3.1 GHz to 6.0 GHz. The simulation results indicate that UWB-FM outperforms DS-UWB with low data rates, i.e. less than 1 Mbps, due to the simpler implementation. When data rate increases, DS-UWB is reasonable choice for medical applications.
Power Allocation for Channel Estimation and Performance of Mismatched Decoding in Wireless Relay Networks

This paper is concerned with power allocation (PA) among the source and the relays of wireless relay networks to minimize the mean-square error (MSE) of the channel estimation when distributed space-time coding (DSTC) is applied. The optimal PA scheme is numerically obtained by means of geometric programming for the least-squares (LS) estimator, and a closed-form near-optimal PA scheme is also suggested. The impact of imperfect channel estimation on the error performance of DSTC is analyzed for both the LS and linear minimum MSE (LMMSE) channel estimators. It is proved that mismatched decoding of DSTC is able to achieve the same diversity order as coherent decoding of DSTC. Furthermore, when the closed-form PA obtained in the training phase is applied to the transmission phase, mismatched decoding is able to achieve a significant coding gain over the equal-PA scheme (which assigns half of the total power to the source and equally shares the other half to all the relays).
Estimates for Some Ultraparabolic Operators with Discontinuous Coefficients

Ž Ž . Nq 1. q z s x, t g R , where the principal part is uniformly elliptic on R , q F N, and the constant matrix B is upper triangular and such that the operator obtained by freezing the coefficients a at any point z g R Nq 1 is hypoelliptic. We prove i j 0 p Ž . local L -estimates for the derivatives ­ u i, j s 1, . , q of a solution to the x x i j equation Lu s f , under the assumption that the coefficients a belong to i j Ž . the space VMO ‘‘vanishing mean oscillation’’ with respect to a suitable metric related to B. Q 1996 Academic Press, Inc.
Long-term phenological trends, species accumulation rates, aphid traits and climate: five decades of change in migrating aphids

1. Aphids represent a significant challenge to food production. The Rothamsted Insect Survey (RIS) runs a network of 12·2-m suction-traps throughout the year to collect migrating aphids. In 2014, the RIS celebrated its 50th anniversary. This paper marks that achievement with an extensive spatiotemporal analysis and the provision of the first British annotated checklist of aphids since 1964. 2. Our main aim was to elucidate mechanisms that advance aphid phenology under climate change and explain these using life-history traits. We then highlight emerging pests using accumulation patterns. 3. Linear and nonlinear mixed-effect models estimated the average rate of change per annum and effects of climate on annual counts, first and last flights and length of flight season since 1965. Two climate drivers were used: the accumulated day degrees above 16 °C (ADD16) indicated the potential for migration during the aphid season; the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) signalled the severity of the winter before migration took place. 4. All 55 species studied had earlier first flight trends at rate of β = −0·611 ± SE 0·015 days year−1. Of these species, 49% had earlier last flights, but the average species effect appeared relatively stationary (β = −0·010 ± SE 0·022 days year−1). Most species (85%) showed increasing duration of their flight season (β = 0·336 ± SE 0·026 days year−1), even though only 54% increased their log annual count (β = 0·002 ± SE <0·001 year−1). 5. The ADD16 and NAO were shown to drive patterns in aphid phenology in a spatiotemporal context. Early in the year when the first aphids were migrating, the effect of the winter NAO was highly significant. Further into the year, ADD16 was a strong predictor. Latitude had a near linear effect on first flights, whereas longitude produced a generally less-clear effect on all responses. Aphids that are anholocyclic (permanently parthenogenetic) or are monoecious (non-host-alternating) were advancing their phenology faster than those that were not. 6. Climate drives phenology and traits help explain how this takes place biologically. Phenology and trait ecology are critical to understanding the threat posed by emerging pests such as Myzus persicae nicotianae and Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis, as revealed by the species accumulation analysis.
Exploratory equivalence in graphs: Definition and algorithms

Motivated by improving the efficiency of pattern matching on graphs, we define a new kind of equivalence on graph vertices. Since it can be used in various graph algorithms that explore graphs, we call it exploratory equivalence. The equivalence is based on graph automorphisms. Because many similar equivalences exist (some also based on automorphisms), we argue that this one is novel. For each graph, there are many possible exploratory equivalences, but for improving the efficiency of the exploration, some are better than others. To this end, we define a goal function that models the reduction of the search space in such algorithms. We describe two greedy algorithms for the underlying optimization problem. One is based directly on the definition using a straightforward greedy criterion, whereas the second one uses several practical speedups and a different greedy criterion. Finally, we demonstrate the huge impact of exploratory equivalence on a real application, i.e., graph grammar parsing.
Virus-assembled flexible electrode-electrolyte interfaces for enhanced polymer-based battery applications

High-aspect-ratio cobalt-oxide-coated Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV-) assembled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nonstick surfaces were integrated with a solvent-free polymer electrolyte to create an anode-electrolyte interface for use in lithium-ion batteries. The virus-assembled PTFE surfaces consisted primarily of cobalt oxide and were readily intercalated with a low-molecular-weight poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) based diblock copolymer electrolyte to produce a solid anode-electrolyte system. The resulting polymercoated virus-based system was then peeled from the PTFE backing to produce a flexible electrode-electrolyte component. Electrochemical studies indicated the virus-structured metal-oxide PEO-based interface was stable and displayed robust charge transfer kinetics. Combined, these studies demonstrate the development of a novel solid-state electrode architecture with a unique peelable and flexible processing attribute.
Intermediate Sums on Polyhedra: Computation and Real Ehrhart Theory

We study intermediate sums, interpolating between integrals and discrete sums, which were introduced by A. Barvinok [Computing the Ehrhart quasi-polynomial of a rational simplex, Math. Comp. 75 (2006), 1449--1466]. For a given semi-rational polytope P and a rational subspace L, we integrate a given polynomial function h over all lattice slices of the polytope P parallel to the subspace L and sum up the integrals. We first develop an algorithmic theory of parametric intermediate generating functions. Then we study the Ehrhart theory of these intermediate sums, that is, the dependence of the result as a function of a dilation of the polytope. We provide an algorithm to compute the resulting Ehrhart quasi-polynomials in the form of explicit step polynomials. These formulas are naturally valid for real (not just integer) dilations and thus provide a direct approach to real Ehrhart theory.
Non-rigid object tracking with elastic structure of local patches and hierarchical sampling

To solve the problem of real-time object tracking under partial occlusions and non-rigid deformations, we propose a tracking method based on sequential Bayesian inference. The proposed method is mainly consisted of two parts: (1) modeling the target object using elastic structure of local patches for robust performance; and (2) efficient hierarchical sampling method to obtain an acceptable solution in real-time. The elastic structure of local patches allows the proposed method to handle partial occlusions and non-rigid deformations through the relationship among neighboring patches. The proposed hierarchical sampling method generate samples from the region where the posterior is concentrated to reduce computation time. The method is extensively tested on a number of challenging image sequences with occlusion and non-rigid deformation, demonstrating its real-time capability and robustness under di#erent situations.
Community Structures of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soils and Plant Roots Inhabiting Abandoned Mines of Korea

Abstract In this study, we collected rhizosphere soils and root samples from a post-mining area and a natural forest area in Jecheon, Korea. We extracted spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from rhizospheres, and then examined the sequences of 18S rDNA genes of the AMF from the collected roots of plants. We compared the AMF communities in the post-mining area and the natural forest area by sequence analysis of the AMF spores from soils and of the AMF clones from roots. Consequently, we confirmed that the structure of AMF communities varied between the post-mining area and the natural forest area and showed significant relationship with heavy metal contents in soils. These results suggest that heavy metal contamination by mining activity significantly affects the AMF community structure.
A 2-phase frame-based knowledge extraction framework

We present an approach for extracting knowledge from natural language English texts where processing is decoupled in two phases. The first phase comprises several standard NLP tasks whose results are integrated in a single RDF graph of mentions. The second phase processes the mention graph with SPARQL-like mapping rules to produce a knowledge graph organized around semantic frames (i.e., prototypical descriptions of events and situations). The decoupling allows: (i) choosing different tools for the NLP tasks without affecting the remaining computation; (ii) combining the outputs of different NLP tasks in non-trivial ways, leveraging their integrated and coherent representation in a mention graph; and (iii) relating each piece of extracted knowledge to the mention(s) it comes from, leveraging the single RDF representation. We evaluate precision and recall of our approach on a gold standard, showing its competitiveness w.r. t. the state of the art. We also evaluate execution times and (sampled) accuracy on a corpus of 110K Wikipedia pages, showing the applicability of the approach on large corpora.
A simplifier for propositional formulas with many binary clauses

Deciding whether a propositional formula in conjunctive normal form is satisfiable (SAT) is an NP-complete problem. The problem becomes linear when the formula contains binary clauses only. Interestingly, the reduction to SAT of a number of well-known and important problems-such as classical AI planning and automatic test pattern generation for circuits-yields formulas containing many binary clauses. In this paper we introduce and experiment with 2-SIMPLIFY, a formula simplifier targeted at such problems. 2-SIMPLIFY constructs the transitive closure of the implication graph corresponding to the binary clauses in the formula and uses this graph to deduce new unit literals. The deduced literals are used to simplify the formula and update the graph, and so on, until stabilization. Finally, we use the graph to construct an equivalent, simpler set of binary clauses. Experimental evaluation of this simplifier on a number of bench-mark formulas produced by encoding AI planning problems prove 2-SIMPLIFY to be a useful tool in many circumstances.
THE TIME-VARYING PARAMETER MODEL REVISITED

The Kalman filter formula, given by the linear recursive algorithm, is usually used for estimation of the time-varying parameter model. The filtering formula, introduced by Kalman (1960) and Kalman and Bucy (1961), requires the initial state variable. The obtained state estimates are influenced by the initial value when the initial variance is not too large. To avoid the choice of the initial state variable, in this paper we utilize the diffuse prior for the initial density. Moreover, using the Gibbs sampler, random draws of the state variables given all the data are generated, which implies that random draws are generated from the fixed-interval smoothing densities. Using the EM algorithm, the unknown parameters included in the system are estimated. As an example, we estimate a traditional consumption function for both the U.S. and Japan.
Supersymmetry Breaking and Restoration in the Interval

We study fermions, such as gravitinos and gauginos in supersymmetric theories, propagating in a five-dimensional bulk where the fifth dimension is an interval. We show the mass spectrum becomes independent from the Scherk-Schwarz parameter if the boundary mass terms obey a relation of alignment with the bulk supersymmetry breaking.
Complex Field Network Coding for Wireless Cooperative Multicast Flows

Network coding is a promising technology designed to reach the min-cut max-flow capacity in wired network. While in wireless cooperative environments, it has been proved that network coding can also increase the system throughput by taking the advantage of the broadcast nature of electromagnetic waves. In this paper, we establish a 2-source and 2-destination cooperative systems with arbitrary number of relays (2-N-2 system), and then the designed signal-superposition-and-forward based complex field network coding protocol (SiSF-CFNC) is applied to the model. We define the system frame error probability (SFEP) to measure the performance of cooperative multicast systems with the proposed protocol. Power allocation schemes as well as precoder design are concentratively studied to improve the system performance without cutting down the system throughput.
Ramp based control of DVR to mitigate voltage sags/swells

The Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a custom power device connected in series with the load, which can control the voltage applied to the load by injecting a voltage of arbitrary amplitude, phase and harmonic component into the line. The conventional hysteresis voltage controller of DVR is simple to implement and has a fast dynamic response etc. However, it suffers from the demerit of variable switching frequency, which may be prohibitively high, increasing the stress levels on the switches and also switching losses. In this paper, a ramp based control of DVR is used to achieve a simple closed loop control and constant switching frequency. The method is also extended to a ramp controller with hysteresis to achieve a reduced constant value of the switching frequency. Detailed simulation has been carried out using PSCAD software.
A phase II study of docetaxel and cisplatin in patients with gastric cancer recurring after or progressing during 5-FU/platinum treatment.

BACKGROUND Docetaxel plus cisplatin (DP) is a combination chemotherapy regimen that is active against untreated advanced gastric cancer. We evaluated the feasibility of DP treatment in patients with recurring or metastatic gastric cancer who had been previously treated with other chemotherapy regimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS The DP regimen consisted of docetaxel (75 mg/m(2) i.v. ) and cisplatin (60 mg/m(2) i.v. ) over 1 h on Day 1 every 4 weeks for a maximum of nine cycles. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients (28 men, 9 women; median age, 53 years; range 28-71 years) received a total of 128 cycles of therapy (median, 3; range 1-9). Twenty-six patients had recurrent disease and 11 had metastatic tumors. The objective response rate was 32.4% (95% confidence interval = 16.6-48.3%), including 1 complete response and 11 partial responses. Eleven had stable disease, whereas 12 had progressive disease. The median duration of response was 70.5 days (range 30-392 days). Grade 3/4 toxicities included anemia (10.8%), leukopenia (27.0%), neutropenia (51.4%), thrombocytopenia (2.7%), nausea/vomiting (5.4%) and oral mucositis (13.5%). Median time to progression was 136 days and median overall survival was 235 days. CONCLUSION The DP combination was well tolerated and effective for patients with metastatic gastric cancer treated previously with 5-fluorouracil/platinum chemotherapy.
Titanium Dioxide as a Catalyst Support in Heterogeneous Catalysis

The lack of stability is a challenge for most heterogeneous catalysts. During operations, the agglomeration of particles may block the active sites of the catalyst, which is believed to contribute to its instability. Recently, titanium oxide (TiO2) was introduced as an alternative support material for heterogeneous catalyst due to the effect of its high surface area stabilizing the catalysts in its mesoporous structure. TiO2 supported metal catalysts have attracted interest due to TiO2 nanoparticles high activity for various reduction and oxidation reactions at low pressures and temperatures. Furthermore, TiO2 was found to be a good metal oxide catalyst support due to the strong metal support interaction, chemical stability, and acid-base property. The aforementioned properties make heterogeneous TiO2 supported catalysts show a high potential in photocatalyst-related applications, electrodes for wet solar cells, synthesis of fine chemicals, and others. This review focuses on TiO2 as a support material for heterogeneous catalysts and its potential applications.
Relational Development: Therapeutic Implications of Empathy and Shame

A perspective which emphasizes relational development leads to a shift in understanding therapy, which can be thought of as a process through which individuals find ways to bring themselves more fully into relationship. Empathy serves our basic desire for connection and emotional joining. In shame, we experience a loss of empathic attunement. The experience of being shamed thus leaves one feeling disconnected and disempowered. Marginalized groups, in particular, struggle with this form of disempowerment. Shame is also a powerful obstacle to connection in psychotherapy, but an empathic, relational approach in therapy can significantly alter the experience of shame.