Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, course, and comorbidity of insomnia and depression in young adults.

STUDY OBJECTIVES (1) To describe the prevalence and prospective course of insomnia in a representative young-adult sample and (2) to describe the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between insomnia and depression. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Community of Zurich, Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS Representative stratified population sample. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The Zurich Study prospectively assessed psychiatric, physical, and sleep symptoms in a community sample of young adults (n=591) with 6 interviews spanning 20 years. We distinguished 4 duration-based subtypes of insomnia: 1-month insomnia associated with significant distress, 2- to 3-week insomnia, recurrent brief insomnia, and occasional brief insomnia. The annual prevalence of 1-month insomnia increased gradually over time, with a cumulative prevalence rate of 20% and a greater than 2-fold risk among women. In 40% of subjects, insomnia developed into more chronic forms over time. Insomnia either with or without comorbid depression was highly stable over time. Insomnia lasting 2 weeks or longer predicted major depressive episodes and major depressive disorder at subsequent interviews; 17% to 50% of subjects with insomnia lasting 2 weeks or longer developed a major depressive episode in a later interview. "Pure" insomnia and "pure" depression were not longitudinally related to each other, whereas insomnia comorbid with depression was longitudinally related to both. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal study confirms the persistent nature of insomnia and the increased risk of subsequent depression among individuals with insomnia. The data support a spectrum of insomnia (defined by duration and frequency) comorbid with, rather than secondary to, depression.
Studies on filtering characteristics of X-shaped photonic crystal waveguide in two-dimensional triangular lattice by microwave model

For the application in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system, propagation and filtering characteristics of X-shaped photonic crystal waveguide composed of metallic pillars in two-dimensional triangular lattice were studied in this paper. First, symmetrical X-shaped waveguide and two types of asymmetric X-shaped waveguides were measured to compare their transmission characteristics. Next, three sets of dielectric pillars with different lengths were situated in each output waveguide as cavities. Filtering characteristics were compared to select the most applicable structure as a basic filter component in WDM system.
BUDGET DEFICITS AND INDIRECT TAXES DURING THE POLITICAL INSTABILITY PERIODS IN TURKEY: COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS AND EC MODEL ESTIMATION, 1985-2003

The main purpose of this study is to examine a relationship between budget deficit and indirect taxes in political instability. Between 1985 and 2003, budget policies were influenced by unstable political conditions. In order to explain the financing of the budget deficits under the political instabilities. In the first part of the study, theoretical developments will be explained. Second, Turkish political and economic conditions will be analyzed. Third, econometric tests and results will be discussed. We propose that indirect taxes are more utilized than direct taxes during the political instability periods.
Testing an Augmented Fisher Hypothesis for a Small Open Economy: The Case of Nigeria

This paper investigates the relationship between expected inflation and nominal interest rates in Nigeria and the extent to which the Fisher effect hypothesis holds, for the period 1970-2009. We made attempt to advance the field by testing the traditional closed-economy Fisher hypothesis and an augmented Fisher hypothesis by incorporating the foreign interest rate and nominal effective exchange rate variable in the context of a small open developing economy, such as, Nigeria. The stability of the functions was also tested by CUSUM and CUSUMSQ. Our findings tend to suggest: (i) that the nominal interest rates and expected inflation move together in the long run but not on one-to-one basis. This indicates that full Fisher hypothesis does not hold but there is a strong Fisher effect in the case of Nigeria over the period under study (ii) consistency with the international Fisher hypothesis, these domestic variables have a long run relationship with the international variables (iii) in the closed-economy context,the causality run strictly from expected inflation to nominal interest rates as suggested by the Fisher hypothesis and there is no “reverse causation. ” But in the open economy context, the expected inflation and international variables contain the information that predict the nominal interest rate(iv) that only about 29 percent of the disequilibrium between long term and short term interest rate is corrected within the year. (v) finally, CUSUM test stability of the coefficients.
One-arm maximal strength training improves work economy and endurance capacity but not skeletal muscle blood flow

Abstract Maximal strength training with a focus on maximal mobilization of force in the concentric phase improves endurance performance that employs a large muscle mass. However, this has not been studied during work with a small muscle mass, which does not challenge convective oxygen supply. We therefore randomized 23 adult females with no arm-training history to either one-arm maximal strength training or a control group. The training group performed five sets of five repetitions of dynamic arm curls against a near-maximal load, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. This training increased maximal strength by 75% and improved rate of force development during both strength and endurance exercise, suggesting that each arm curl became more efficient. This coincided with a 17–18% reduction in oxygen cost at standardized submaximal workloads (work economy), and a 21% higher peak oxygen uptake and 30% higher peak load during maximal arm endurance exercise. Blood flow assessed by Doppler ultrasound in the axillary artery supplying the working biceps brachii and brachialis muscles could not explain the training-induced adaptations. These data suggest that maximal strength training improved work economy and endurance performance in the skeletal muscle, and that these effects are independent of convective oxygen supply.
A neural survival factor is a candidate oncogene in breast cancer

Using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), we identified a SAGE tag that was present only in invasive breast carcinomas and their lymph node metastases. The transcript corresponding to this SAGE tag, dermcidin (DCD), encodes a secreted protein normally expressed only in the pons of the brain and sweat glands. Array comparative genomic hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical analyses determined that DCD is overexpressed in ≈10% of invasive breast carcinomas; in some cases its overexpression is coupled with a focal copy number gain of its locus at 12q13.1, and its expression is associated with advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis. Expression of DCD in breast cancer cells promotes cell growth and survival and reduces serum dependency. Putative high- and low-affinity receptors for DCD are present on the cell surface of breast carcinomas and neurons of the brain. Based on these data we hypothesize that DCD may play a role in tumorigenesis by means of enhancing cell growth and survival in a subset of breast carcinomas.
A Cartel in the Public Interest: NCAA Broadcast Policy During the Early Cold War

This article explores the intersection of politics, economics, and culture through a study of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's television broadcast policy. The establishment of broadcast regulations in the 1950s transformed the NCAA from a confederation of semi-autonomous institutions into a powerful governing and policing body. Broadcast regulations further transformed the NCAA into a cartel that fixed the value of football broadcasts by limiting supply in order to gain monopoly profits. Claiming the regulations served the public interest shielded them from a possible U.S. Supreme Court “rule of reason” test. This article finds the NCAA's regulation of the television broadcast market and its process of cartelization was supported by the economic conditions of the television age and the cultural conditions of the early Cold War that made the claim that young men's bodies were in need of athletic intervention funded by college football appear reasonable.
Fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates

ABSTRACT DNA from over 300 Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis isolates was analyzed by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). B. thuringiensis and B. cereus isolates were from diverse sources and locations, including soil, clinical isolates and food products causing diarrheal and emetic outbreaks, and type strains from the American Type Culture Collection, and over 200 B. thuringiensis isolates representing 36 serovars or subspecies were from the U.S. Department of Agriculture collection. Twenty-four diverse B. anthracis isolates were also included. Phylogenetic analysis of AFLP data revealed extensive diversity within B. thuringiensis and B. cereus compared to the monomorphic nature of B. anthracis. All of the B. anthracis strains were more closely related to each other than to any other Bacillus isolate, while B. cereus and B. thuringiensis strains populated the entire tree. Ten distinct branches were defined, with many branches containing both B. cereus and B. thuringiensis isolates. A single branch contained all the B. anthracis isolates plus an unusual B. thuringiensis isolate that is pathogenic in mice. In contrast, B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (ATCC 33679) and other isolates used to prepare insecticides mapped distal to the B. anthracis isolates. The interspersion of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis isolates within the phylogenetic tree suggests that phenotypic traits used to distinguish between these two species do not reflect the genomic content of the different isolates and that horizontal gene transfer plays an important role in establishing the phenotype of each of these microbes. B. thuringiensis isolates of a particular subspecies tended to cluster together.
Shock and vibration tests on sensors for long-term borehole monitoring systems

Shock and vibration tests on electrical devices have been carried out. Here the devices mean sensors combined with telemetry units and these are the same ones that have been installed in C0002 riserless hole in Nankai area, Japan in December 2010. Acceptable upper limit of shocks and vibrations on the devices have been confirmed through these tests.
Design, analysis and fabrication of rectenna for wireless power transmission - Virtual battery

This paper presents the novel rectenna design for Wireless Power Transmission. The design would receive and convert microwave of 2.45GHz to DC. Proposed rectenna is a combination of Microstrip patch antenna, followed by stepped impedance filter and zero biased rectifier. Performance of rectenna is analyzed using Harmonic Balance Analysis. Good agreement between simulated and measured results is observed.
Extracellular Heat Shock Protein-70 Induces Endotoxin Tolerance in THP-1 Cells1

Recent data suggest that heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70), an intracellular protein, can exist in the extracellular compartment and signal through the CD14/TLR4 pathway. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that extracellular HSP-70 induces endotoxin (LPS) tolerance. Using human monocyte cell line (THP-1), initial dose-response experiments were conducted to determine a subthreshold concentration of HSP-70 that does not induce NF-κB activity. Differentiated THP-1 cells were preconditioned with subthreshold concentration (0.03 μg/ml HSP-70) for 18 h, followed by LPS stimulation (1 μg/ml) for 4 h. Preconditioning with HSP-70 decreased subsequent LPS-mediated NF-κB-dependent promoter activity and was accompanied by significant decreases of supernatant TNF levels. Furthermore, human monocytes isolated from human volunteers, subsequently preconditioned with HSP-70, demonstrated LPS tolerance as evidenced by abrogated supernatant TNF levels. Additional experiments were conducted to exclude the possibility of endotoxin contamination of HSP-70 by boiling HSP-70 at 100°C for 1 h or preconditioning with equivalent concentrations of endotoxin as present in the HSP-70 preparation. These experiments indicated that induction of tolerance was not secondary to endotoxin contamination. Neutralization experiments with an anti-HSP-70 Ab confirmed the specificity of HSP-70 in tolerance induction. Preconditioning with HSP-70 attenuated cytosolic degradation of inhibitor κB-α and inhibited activation of inhibitor κB kinase following LPS stimulation. HSP-70 preconditioning decreased phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB following LPS stimulation. These data suggest a novel role for extracellular HSP-70 in modifying mononuclear cell responses to subsequent LPS challenge.
Combining Revealed and Stated Preference Methods for Valuing Environmental Amenities

Abstract A stated preference model and a revealed preference model for recreational site choice are examined and compared. Both models are based on random utility theory and the data are obtained from the same individuals. The stated preference model is based on the respondent′s choice from hypothetical choice sets. Attributes in the stated preference model are based on the ranges of the actual levels of attributes in the revealed preference choice set and are presented to respondents using a fractional factorial statistical design. The results show that while independently estimated models appear to reflect different underlying preferences, joint estimation of the model parameters, including estimation of the relative scale parameter, provides evidence that the underlying preferences are in fact similar. Furthermore, combining the revealed and stated preference information yields other benefits in estimation.
Redox-Active Protein Thioredoxin-1 Administration Ameliorates Influenza A Virus (H1N1)-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice

Objectives:Influenza virus infections can cause severe acute lung injury leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Thioredoxin-1 is a redox-active defensive protein induced in response to stress conditions. Animal experiments have revealed that thioredoxin-1 has protective effects against various severe disorders. This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of recombinant human thioredoxin-1 administration on influenza A virus (H1N1)-induced acute lung injury in mice. Design:Prospective animal trial. Setting:Research laboratory. Subjects:Nine-week-old male C57BL/6 mice inoculated with H1N1. Intervention:The mice were divided into a vehicle-treated group and recombinant human thioredoxin-1-treated group. For survival rate analysis, the vehicle or recombinant human thioredoxin-1 was administered intraperitoneally every second day from day –1 to day 13. For lung lavage and pathological analyses, vehicle or recombinant human thioredoxin-1 was administered intraperitoneally on days –1, 1, and 3. Measurements and Main Results:Lung lavage and pathological analyses were performed at 24, 72, and 120 hrs after inoculation. The recombinant human thioredoxin-1 treatment significantly improved the survival rate of H1N1-inoculated mice, although the treatment did not affect virus propagation in the lung. The treatment significantly attenuated the histological changes and neutrophil infiltration in the lung of H1N1-inoculated mice. The treatment significantly attenuated the production of tumor necrosis factor-&agr; and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 in the lung and oxidative stress enhancement, which were observed in H1N1-inoculated mice. H1N1 induced expressions of tumor necrosis factor-&agr; and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 in murine lung epithelial cells MLE-12, which were inhibited by the addition of recombinant human thioredoxin-1. The recombinant human thioredoxin-1 treatment started 30 mins after H1N1 inoculation also significantly improved the survival of the mice. Conclusions:Exogenous administration of recombinant human thioredoxin-1 significantly improved the survival rate and attenuated lung histological changes in the murine model of influenza pneumonia. The protective mechanism of thioredoxin-1 might be explained by its potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions. Consequently, recombinant human thioredoxin-1 might be a possible pharmacological strategy for severe influenza virus infection in humans.
Inflation/Output Variance Trade-Offs and Optimal Monetary Policy

The author estimates the inflation/output-gap variance trade-off faced by monetary policymakers in the United States. For policymakers who care about deviations of inflation around target and output around potential, the estimated trade-off represents the 'optimal policy frontier. ' Given the structure of the economy, policymakers can do no better than to attain weighted variances of inflation and output that lie on the frontier. The author finds that the variance trade-off becomes quite severe when the standard deviation of inflation or output drops much below 2 percent. This suggests that approximately balanced responses to policy goals are consistent with reasonable preferences over inflation and output variability. Copyright 1997 by Ohio State University Press.
Adenomyosis within a uterine septum in a patient with secondary infertility

Abstract Background: Adenomyosis is a benign infiltration of endometrial stroma and glands into the myometrium. Until the advent and advancement of imaging techniques such as transvaginal ultrasound scan (TVUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the diagnosis of adenomyosis could only be made with confidence using histology following hysterectomy. Case: The patient is a 37-year-old woman, with a long history of secondary infertility. A hysterosalpingogram (HSG) and a pelvic MRI showed two separate uterine cavities. The patient underwent laparoscopy and hysteroscopy revealing a bicornuate appearance of the uterus and a uterine septum. Resection of the septum showed adenomyosis on histologic examination. Comment: Adenomyosis of uterine septum should be considered if MRI shows features of adenomyosis elsewhere in the uterus with thickened junctional zone. Further research is needed to investigate this association with the pathogenesis of adenomyosis.
Human Alternatives to Fetal Bovine Serum for the Expansion of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Bone Marrow

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for novel cell therapeutic applications. For clinical scale manufacturing, human factors from serum or platelets have been suggested as alternatives to fetal bovine serum (FBS). We have previously shown that pooled human serum (HS) and thrombin‐activated platelet releasate in plasma (tPRP) support the expansion of adipose tissue‐derived MSCs. Contradictory results with bone marrow (BM)‐derived MSCs have initiated a comprehensive comparison of HS, tPRP, and pooled human platelet lysate (pHPL) and FBS in terms of their impact on MSC isolation, expansion, differentiation, and immunomodulatory activity. In addition to conventional Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, depletion of lineage marker expressing cells (RosetteSep) and CD271+ sorting were used for BM‐MSC enrichment. Cells were cultured in medium containing either 10% FBS, HS, tPRP, or pHPL. Colony‐forming units and cumulative population doublings were determined, and MSCs were maximally expanded. Although both HS and tPRP comparable to FBS supported isolation and expansion, pHPL significantly accelerated BM‐MSC proliferation to yield clinically relevant numbers within the first two passages. MSC quality and functionality including cell surface marker expression, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, and immunosuppressive action were similar in MSCs from all culture conditions. Importantly, spontaneous cell transformation was not observed in any of the culture conditions. Telomerase activity was not detected in any of the cultures at any passage. In contrast to previous data from adipose tissue‐derived MSCs, pHPL was found to be the most suitable FBS substitute in clinical scale BM‐MSC expansion. STEM CELLS 2009;27:2331–2341
Instruction tracing via microprogramming

Assembly level instruction trace routines have been used for years by programmers as a debugging aid. However, most of these have the disadvantages that they are usually 1) very slow and 2) not amenable for use with operating system development. This paper shows how the standard ROM resident instruction set of the H-P 2100 was replaced by a new WCS resident set that contains instruction trace routines with physical I/O. The trace routine was designed so that either all instructions could be traced, or only instructions from a specified area of memory; since the specified area may be modified while the program is running, the user has the flexibility to choose how his program will be monitored. Because all the routines are in firmware rather than software, degradation in speed while the trace executes is not nearly as great as it is for software trace routines. Also, since the trace routine requires no system support, such as I/O or loaders, it can be an effective tool for use in operating system development.
Supine low-frequency power of heart rate variability reflects baroreflex function, not cardiac sympathetic innervation

Background Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) has been used to indicate cardiac autonomic function. High-frequency power relates to respiratory sinus arrhythmia and therefore to parasympathetic cardiovagal tone; however, the relationship of low-frequency (LF) power to cardiac sympathetic innervation and function has been controversial. Alternatively, LF power might reflect baro reflexive modulation of autonomic outflows. Objective We studied normal volunteers and chronic autonomic failure syndrome patients with and without loss of cardiac noradrenergic nerves to examine the relationships of LF power with cardiac sympathetic innervation and baroreflex function. Methods We compared LF power of HRV in patients with cardiac sympathetic denervation, as indicated by low myocardial concentrations of 6-[18F]fluorodopamine-derived radioactivity or low rates of norepinephrine entry into coronary sinus plasma (cardiac norepinephrine spillover) to values in patients with intact innervation, at baseline, during infusion of yohimbine, which increases exocytotic norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerves, or during infusion of tyramine, which increases non-exocytotic release. Baroreflex-cardiovagal slope (BRS) was calculated from the cardiac interbeat interval and systolic pressure during the Valsalva maneuver. Results LF power was unrelated to myocardial 6-[18F]fluorodopamine-derived radioactivity or cardiac norepinephrine spillover. In contrast, the log of LF power correlated positively with the log of BRS (r = 0.72, P < 0.0001). Patients with a low BRS (⩽ 3 msec/mm Hg) had low LF power, regardless of cardiac innervation. Tyramine and yohimbine increased LF power in subjects with normal BRS but not in those with low BRS. BRS at baseline predicted LF responses to tyramine and yohimbine. Conclusion LF power reflects baroreflex function, not cardiac sympathetic innervation