Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric Nitrogen Fixing Capacity of Azotobacter Isolate from Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri Districts Soil of West Bengal, India

The element nitrogen is highly abundant in Earth's atmosphere and is a major component of dietary proteins (as incorporated in amino acids). Plant growth is directly influenced by the availability of reduced nitrogen, leading to the long accepted practice of manuring, fertilizer application, or rotational crop practices (Gresshoff and Rao, 1986). However nitrogen, the most abundant element in the atmosphere is the limiting element for the growth of most organisms (Davey and Wollum, 1984). Biological nitrogen fixation, which is the reduction of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to two molecules of ammonia, is the second most important biological process on earth after photosynthesis. In this process N2 gas is cleaved by the metallo-enzyme nitrogenase (itself made up of two components, the iron protein and the molybdenum-iron protein), linked to hydrogen atoms to yield ammonia (NH3 ). This in turn is easily assimilated to form the building blocks for intermediate metabolism (purine, pyrimidine, alkaloid, and International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 3 (2017) pp. 1775-1788 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Probabilistic gate matrix for axon-inspired communication

Communication on an axon could be modeled by an array of logic gates, where each logic gate emulates a voltage-gated ion channel. In this paper the probability of correct communication is estimated using such a model and an associated reliability analysis for logic gates/circuits known as probabilistic gate matrix (PGM). Such an approach can easily be extended to other types of (regular) arrays of logic gates, and to more complex connection patterns, including even feedbacks (that could model the time dependence of neighboring voltage-gated ion channels on any given voltage-input ion channel).
Potential of Wheat-Based Breakfast Cereals as a Source of Dietary Antioxidants

Whole wheat- and wheat bran-based ready-to-eat breakfast cereals could be important sources of dietary antioxidants. Of the antioxidants in wheat, free and esterified phenolic acids seem to have the greatest potential to be beneficial to health. Phenolic acids from breakfast cereals possess strong antioxidant activity in vitro at concentrations that would be obtained from a normal serving of whole wheat cereal. In addition, acid conditions and enzymic hydrolysis increase the solubility and activity of wheat phenolics suggesting that the digestive process could be important in altering the antioxidant potential of wheat-based foods. Current research on the antioxidant activity of wheat phenolics suggests that further research is warranted to determine the potential benefits of these dietary antioxidants. In addition, identification of both biological (e.g. digestion) and food processing conditions that impact the distribution, stability and activity of wheat antioxidants is needed in order to be able to produce food products with maximum health benefits.
Umbilical Cord‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs Suppress Myofibroblast Differentiation by Inhibiting the Transforming Growth Factor‐β/SMAD2 Pathway During Wound Healing

Excessive scar formation caused by myofibroblast aggregations is of great clinical importance during skin wound healing. Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote skin regeneration, but whether MSCs contribute to scar formation remains undefined. We found that umbilical cord‐derived MSCs (uMSCs) reduced scar formation and myofibroblast accumulation in a skin‐defect mouse model. We found that these functions were mainly dependent on uMSC‐derived exosomes (uMSC‐Exos) and especially exosomal microRNAs. Through high‐throughput RNA sequencing and functional analysis, we demonstrated that a group of uMSC‐Exos enriched in specific microRNAs (miR‐21, ‐23a, ‐125b, and ‐145) played key roles in suppressing myofibroblast formation by inhibiting the transforming growth factor‐β2/SMAD2 pathway. Finally, using the strategy we established to block miRNAs inside the exosomes, we showed that these specific exosomal miRNAs were essential for the myofibroblast‐suppressing and anti‐scarring functions of uMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Our study revealed a novel role of exosomal miRNAs in uMSC‐mediated therapy, suggesting that the clinical application of uMSC‐derived exosomes might represent a strategy to prevent scar formation during wound healing.
Performance Analysis of Linear Permanent-Magnet Motors With Finite-Element Analysis

This paper presents models for finite-element analyses and design of linear permanent-magnet motors (LPMMs) with surface-mounted or interior-buried permanent magnets (PMs). Several different models are studied in order to compare and discuss different LPMM structures. Using an analytical model of LPMMs, equations for thrust are derived. Then, we used 2-D finite-element analysis to illustrate the performance variation of LPMMs caused by the variation of structure parameters. Computer simulation results show that the characteristics and dimensions of the PMs, the shapes and dimensions of the armature, and the exciting current all have significant effects on motor performance. Several design examples based on the effects of these parameters demonstrate the design of the LPMMs. The design consideration presented in this paper can be used to determine preliminary LPMM mechanical structures before hardware implementation.
NLSSVM: Least Square Support Vector Machine based on Newton optimization

The traditional optimization problem of Least Square Support Vector Machines (LSSVM) is solved by the linear equations that are time-consuming. In order to reduce the time-consuming, a novel algorithm called NLSSVM (LSSVM based on Newton optimization) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, NLSSVM converted the optimization problem of LSSVM to unconstrained optimization problem, then solved by Newton iterative optimized method. The experimental results on several real datasets indicate that NLSSVM can reduce the training time greatly without degrading the generalization ability of LSSVM, as compared with the traditional LSSVM.
Part orienting with a force/torque sensor

This paper examines sensor-based orientation of polygonal shaped objects using a 6-axis force/torque sensor which is used to supply rotation and force information during the orientation process. Sensor-based algorithms utilizing rotation sense and force information are presented which offer improvements over the best sensorless orienting techniques, and are shown to be better than previous sensor-based techniques for parts with the same diameter value for every stable edge. Plans generated by our algorithm were tested and verified using a unique conveyor/robotic car testbed.
Multidisciplinary perspectives on bacterial genome organization and dynamics

Bacterial genomes are organized by a plethora of chromatin proteins and physical mechanisms. This organization appears to be hierarchical with DNA folding events at the nm scale influencing higher levels of chromosome organization. Besides acting in shaping the genome these factors also play important regulatory roles in numerous DNA transactions. While DNA folding mechanisms operating at the nm scale are fairly well understood, it has been hard to translate this knowledge into accurate models that describe the complete dynamics of the genome. In recent years new techniques have evolved that are key to filling the current gaps in understanding. Particularly insightful in this light appear techniques that probe architectural properties of chromatin proteins on single molecules, techniques that map the binding of protein components and spatial structure on a genome‐wide basis and improved imaging techniques that provide resolutions capable of resolving substructures/heterogeneities in the nucleoid. Moreover, bioinformatic and polymer physics approaches are starting to provide novel insights. In our opinion, an important aim in the field is to generate an accurate and complete description of the nucleoid and its dynamics at all scales. A first step towards this aim has now been set by bringing together people from diverse disciplinary backgrounds at the Lorentz centre workshop ‘Biology and Physics of Bacterial Genome Organization’ in Leiden, the Netherlands from 18 to 22 June 2012.
Comparison of various conventional methods with a polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting methicillin-resistant & susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a major nosocomial pathogen world-wide, is often difficult to detect due to the heterogeneous nature of expression of oxacillin resistance. In the present study, various conventional methods were compared with polymerase chain reaction on 106 clinical isolates of Staph. aureus for detection of oxacillin resistance. METHODS A total of 106 clinical isolates of Staph. aureus were tested for oxacillin resistance by disc diffusion, screen agar plates (3 micrograms and 6 micrograms/ml of oxacillin), oxacillin broth (3 micrograms/ml) and mecA based PCR. RESULTS PCR detected mecA gene amplified product of 604 bp in 57 strains. Disc diffusion failed to detect 7 mecA positive strains but identified 5 mecA negative strains as oxacillin resistant. Screen agar 3 micrograms, screen agar 6 micrograms and oxacillin broth 3 micrograms detected 55, 53 and 55 respectively of the 57 mecA positive strains; however, they also falsely identified 5, 3 and 3 strains of mecA negative strains respectively as oxacillin resistant. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of disc diffusion, 3 micrograms screen agar, 6 micrograms screen agar and 3 micrograms oxacillin broth against PCR as gold standard were as follows: 87.7, 89.9 and 88.7 per cent; 96.5, 89.8 and 93.4 per cent; 93.0, 93.9 and 93.4 per cent; 96.5, 93.9 and 95.3 per cent respectively. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that disc diffusion test was least reliable and 3 micrograms broth had the highest sensitivity and specificity when compared with PCR for detection of oxacillin resistance. Because of variations among the methods, a combination of tests should be used for the accurate detection of MRSA till new guidelines by an appropriate body are formulated.
Nitride based FinFLASH memory device using multilevel Hot Carrier Program/Erase

In this paper, a FinFLASH memory device is presented using hot carrier program/erase modes. For 2 bits/cell operation, we show that multi-level charge sensing should be preferred over two physical bits/cell storage. While the dual-bit reading scheme limits the later to about 1 V operating window, multilevel solution is demonstrated with a total window of 6 V. This allows the definition of 4 states of charge with 2 V separation and good resistance to read disturb, bake and endurance stress.
Security Enrichment in Intrusion Detection System Using Classifier Ensemble

In the era of Internet and with increasing number of people as its end users, a large number of attack categories are introduced daily. Hence, effective detection of various attacks with the help of Intrusion Detection Systems is an emerging trend in research these days. Existing studies show effectiveness of machine learning approaches in handling Intrusion Detection Systems. In this work, we aim to enhance detection rate of Intrusion Detection System by using machine learning technique. We propose a novel classifier ensemble based IDS that is constructed using hybrid approach which combines data level and feature level approach. Classifier ensembles combine the opinions of different experts and improve the intrusion detection rate. Experimental results show the improved detection rates of our system compared to reference technique.
Delirium in the ICU and Subsequent Long-Term Disability Among Survivors of Mechanical Ventilation*

Objective:Survivors of critical illness are frequently left with long-lasting disability. The association between delirium and disability in critically ill patients has not been described. We hypothesized that the duration of delirium in the ICU would be associated with subsequent disability and worse physical health status following a critical illness. Design:Prospective cohort study nested within a randomized controlled trial of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning strategy. Setting:A single-center tertiary-care hospital. Patients:One hundred twenty-six survivors of a critical illness. Measurements and Main Results:Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU, Katz activities of daily living, Functional Activities Questionnaire (measuring instrumental activities of daily living), Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form General Health Survey Physical Components Score, and Awareness Questionnaire were used. Associations between delirium duration and outcomes were determined via proportional odds logistic regression with generalized estimating equations (for Katz activities of daily living and Functional Activities Questionnaire scores) or via generalized least squares regression (for Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form General Health Survey Physical Components Score and Awareness Questionnaire scores). Excluding patients who died prior to follow-up but including those who withdrew or were lost to follow-up, we assessed 80 of 99 patients (81%) at 3 months and 63 of 87 patients (72%) at 12 months. After adjusting for covariates, delirium duration was associated with worse activities of daily living scores (p = 0.002) over the course of the 12-month study period but was not associated with worse instrumental activities of daily living scores (p = 0.15) or worse Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form General Health Survey Physical Components Score (p = 0.58). Duration of delirium was also associated with lower Awareness Questionnaire Motor/Sensory Factors scores (p 0.02). Conclusion:In the setting of critical illness, longer delirium duration is independently associated with increased odds of disability in activities of daily living and worse motor-sensory function in the following year. These data point to a need for further study into the determinants of functional outcomes in ICU survivors.
The need for declarative security mechanisms

Today, security is recognized as an absolute need in application development. Programming environments offer mechanisms and concepts allowing an easy integration of security mechanisms into the application. However, this often has to be done by hand, resulting in extra effort that has to be made during the development cycle. Furthermore, the code is popped up with statements that enforce application or site-specific security requirements, having negative impact on the reusability and maintainability of the code. The goal of This work is to promote the usage of declarative security mechanisms which allow the decoupling of security logic completely from the application logic. Furthermore, the framework GAMMA is presented, that offers several declarative authentication, access control, and auditing mechanisms that can be transparently integrated into software applications.
A study of religious belief.

In an empirical study of religious belief, measures of strength of belief in an Australian student population were compared with beliefs in other areas and with personality and attitudinal variables. The correlation matrix shows that the religious belief measures belong together and that religious belief has its best relationships with institutionalization and denomination on the one hand and with authoritarianism on the other. The personality measures of anxiety were found to be related to dogmatism in opinionative and factual matters. In this way Thouless's finding that religious belief statements are assented to more strongly than are statements of fact has been confirmed, and extended. It is concluded that religious belief is a relatively isolated cognitive system requiring strong social support for its maintenance.
Phylakopi 1911 and the History of the Later Cycladic Bronze Age

For many years, interpretation of the history of the Middle and Late Bronze Age in the Cyclades has depended almost entirely on the late nineteenth-century excavations of the British School at Phylakopi on Melos. This site has been especially significant as the only one with a comprehensive stratigraphie sequence. Recent major excavations on Kea (Ayia Irini) and Thera (Akrotiri) have vastly increased our knowledge of the second-millennium Cyclades, but Phylakopi remains of outstanding importance. From the publication and from the Daybooks kept by Duncan Mackenzie it is clear that the technical standards of the excavation were extremely high for their time. It is unfortunate, however, that precise details about the contexts of individual finds are lacking from Phylakopi. Such details are vital if we are to make any useful reassessment of the history and external relations of the site in terms of subsequent excavations and studies.
How do you Recruit and Retain a Prebirth Cohort? Lessons Learnt from Growing Up in New Zealand

Growing Up in New Zealand, a longitudinal study following nearly 7,000 children, has faced some unique challenges in identifying, enrolling, and retaining a large and diverse antenatal cohort. Identification of a study region with population demographics that enabled enrollment of an appropriately diverse sample was required as was intensive community and participant engagement in order to promote the study. Complementary methods used included direct engagement with prospective participants and the community and indirect engagement via media. Thus far, retention rates above 95% have been achieved by maintaining a multimethod approach that includes valuing participants and building trusting relationships, strong brand recognition, community engagement, maintenance of participant contact and location records, ensuring high-quality interactions between the participants and the study, pretesting measures and methods prior to the main cohort, and using participant feedback to inform the measures and methods used in future waves of data collection.
The American Association of Suicidology Suicidality and Its Relationship to Treatment Outcome in Depressed Adolescents

This study investigates the impact of suicidality on treatment outcome in 107 depressed adolescents who participated in a clinical trial, and received either cognitive-behavioral (CBT), systemic-behavioral-family (SBFT), or non-directivesupportive therapy (NST). Suicidal depressed adolescents had a higher dropout rate and were more likely to be depressed at the end of treatment, in large part due to the particularly poor response of suicidal patients to NST. The relationship between suicidality and treatment response was mediated by severity of depression and hopelessness at intake. Hopelessness should be specifically targeted early in treatment. Suicidal depressed adolescents should not receive NST but a specific treatment like CBT.
Women Referred for On-Site Domestic Violence Services in a Managed Care Organization

ABSTRACT Background: Limited data about victims of domestic violence in health care settings hinder development of appropriate services. A comprehensive program was established in a managed care organization to increase identification and referral of domestically abused female patients. Methods: Female victims of domestic abuse were referred to a trained social worker for further assessment. Information about the women was obtained from clinical consultation forms; initial interviews conducted by social workers; a survey administered to a convenience sample of women seen by the program; and medical chart review. Results: Of 265 women who agreed to a domestic violence referral, 177 (67%) were contacted for further evaluation. The study sample was ethnically diverse and included female victims seen for routine care, women who had been assaulted, women who had depression, and women with various somatic symptoms. Responses from 51 of the 177 women showed the most cited reasons for accepting referral were unhappiness with current situation, wanting to leave or change the situation, concern about children who witnessed abuse, and the suggestion by a health care practitioner that the patient's symptoms could be related to the abuse. Most reported having symptoms of depression in the previous year. Conclusions: Comprehensive programs in the health care setting can increase identification of victims of domestic abuse. This descriptive report provides a greater understanding of victims of domestic abuse, their presentation in the medical setting, their motivation for accepting referral, and issues which affect their recovery. Links between health care and community resources are necessary for effective intervention.
Basic modal logic

As anyone who is familiar with the literature knows, there is a great deal of controversy concerning which, if any, of the extant theories of propositional modal logic correctly formalizes the logic of certain logical concepts such as analyticity and logical necessity. Most of the controversy concerns certain principles that involve iterated modalities (where one modal operator occurs within the scope of another). For example, there is considerable disagreement about whether the principle (□p⊃□□p) should be considered valid. However, when philosophers and logicians apply modal logic to concrete problems, they rarely need principles which involve iterated modalities. For most practical purposes, principles involving only one layer of modalities are all that are needed. This suggests that if we try to construct a theory of modal logic in which there are no iterated modalities, we can avoid most of the controversy and still have a theory that is strong enough for all of the normal uses to which modal logic is put.
Using behavior change theories to enhance hand hygiene behavior.

It is well-documented that proper hand hygiene reduces nosocomial infections (Centers for Disease Control, 2000), while it is also well-documented that compliance by health care providers to proper hand hygiene remains less than satisfactory (Larson et al., 2001). It is the purpose of this brief communication to propose a theoretically driven approach that can be used by health educators in a variety of settings focusing on different target groups. While most research and interventions on hand hygiene have focused on the specific needs of health care providers (e.g. physicians and nurses), a theoretically based approach would be equally applicable to a variety of targeted groups, such as lay care providers, professional food handlers, home food prep, crowded conditions of dorms and classrooms and toddlers in day care centers, with some modifications.