Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clustering transactions using large items

In traditional data clustering, similarity of a cluster of objects is measured by pairwise similarity of objects in that cluster. We argue that such measures are not appropriate for transactions that are sets of items. We propose the notion of large items, i.e., items contained in some minimum fraction of transactions in a cluster, to measure the similarity of a cluster of transactions. The intuition of our clustering criterion is that there should be many large items within a cluster and little overlapping of such items across clusters. We discuss the rationale behind our approach and its implication on providing a better solution to the clustering problem. We present a clustering algorithm based on the new clustering criterion and evaluate its effectiveness.
Predictors of Long-Term Outcomes in Asymptomatic Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis and Preserved Left Ventricular Systolic Function Undergoing Exercise Echocardiography

Background—In asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, we sought to assess incremental prognostic utility of exercise stress echocardiography. Methods and Results—We studied 533 such patients (age, 66±13 years; 78% men; 31% with coronary artery disease) who underwent exercise stress echocardiography between 2001 and 2012. Clinical, echocardiographic, and exercise variables (metabolic equivalents [METs], % of age–sex–predicted METs and heart rate recovery at first minute post exercise) were recorded. The end point was all-cause mortality. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, left ventricular ejection fraction, mean resting aortic valve (AV) gradient, indexed AV area, METs, and heart rate recovery were 2.9±3%, 58±4%, 35±11 mm Hg, 0.47±0.1 cm2/m2, 7.8±3, and 26±12 bpm, respectively. Only 50% achieved >100%, whereas 26% achieved <85% age–sex–predicted METs. There were no major exercise stress echocardiography-related complications. Over 6.9±3 years, 341 (64%) underwent AV replacement (54% isolated), and there were 104 (20%) deaths. On multivariable Cox proportional hazard survival analysis, a higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons score (hazard ratio, 1.21), lower % age–sex–predicted METs (hazard ratio 1.15), and slower heart rate recovery (hazard ratio, 1.22) were associated with higher longer-term mortality, whereas AV replacement (time-dependent covariate, hazard ratio, 0.26) was associated with improved survival. The addition of % age–sex–predicted METs to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons score resulted in significant reclassification of longer-term mortality risk (integrated discrimination index, 0.07 [0.03–0.11; P<0.001). Conclusions—In asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction undergoing exercise stress echocardiography, a lower % of age–sex–predicted METs and slower heart rate recovery were associated with longer-term mortality, whereas AV replacement was associated with improved survival.
Dependency Parsing Based on Dynamic Local Optimization

This paper presents a deterministic parsing algorithm for projective dependency grammar. In a bottom-up way the algorithm finds the local optimum dynamically. A constraint procedure is made to use more structure information. The algorithm parses sentences in linear time and labeling is integrated with the parsing. This parser achieves 63.29% labeled attachment score on the average in CoNLL-X Shared Task.
Robust Cognitive‐Radio‐Based OFDM Architecture with Adaptive Traffic Allocation in Time and Frequency

Cognitive radio (CR) has been proposed as an effective technology for flexible use of the radio spectrum. The interference between primary users and CR users, however, becomes a critical problem when they are using adjacent frequency channels with different transmission power levels. In this paper, a robust CR orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) architecture, which can effectively suppress interference to nearby primary users and overcome adjacent channel interference (ACI) to the CR user, is proposed. This new approach is characterized by adaptive data repetition for subcarriers under heavy ACI, and adaptive time spreading for subcarriers near the borders of the CR user's spectrum. The data repetition scheme provides extra power gain against the ACI coming from primary users. Time spreading guarantees an acceptable interference level to nearby primary users. By computer simulation, we demonstrate that, under a CR environment, the proposed CR OFDM architecture outperforms conventional OFDM systems in terms of throughput and BER performance.
La urbanización marginal del extrarradio de Madrid: una respuesta espontánea al problema de la vivienda. El caso de La Prosperidad (1860-1930)

Frente al problema de la vivienda, particularmente agudo en el primer tercio del siglo XX, la edificacion informal del extrarradio de Madrid, oficialmente no calificado para la urbanizacion, tiene un papel fundamental en la absorcion de la creciente poblacion y el alojamiento popular. El analisis del proceso de produccion de las viviendas en esta zona pone de manifiesto unas caracteristicas propias a este mercado, entre las cuales la gran adaptabilidad de las casas a las circunstancias generales del mercado y particulares de los propietarios. Estas caracteristicas explican el papel de las clases populares en la produccion de viviendas destinadas a si mismas, como este proceso a podido ser un motor de ascension social para sus actores y produjo un tejido social complejo y unido. Estudiar la extension no oficial de la ciudad en el extrarradio, considerandola como la respuesta de hecho al problema de la vivienda popular, ilumina con otra luz la actitud de los poderes publicos hacia ella: tolerancia sin apoyo.
Reducing Cognitive Load in learning Computer Programming

Abstract— Many difficulties are faced in the process of learning computer programming. This paper will propose a system framework intended to reduce cognitive load in learning programming. In first section focus is given on the process of learning and the shortcomings of the current approaches to learning programming. Finally the proposed prototype is suggested along with the justification of the prototype. In the proposed prototype the concept map is used as visualization metaphor. Concept maps are similar to the mental schema in long term memory and hence it can reduce cognitive load well. In addition other method such as part code method is also proposed in this framework to can reduce cognitive load. Keywords —Cognitive load, concept maps, working memory, split attention effect, partial code programs. I. I NTRODUCTION ROGRAMMING is often considered a difficult task due to the amount of complexity involved in it.Many computer scientists could not cope up with acquiring the skills of programming even after the completion of the course. Previous researches indicate that the reason for non achieved learning outcomes may be due to 1. Complexity of programming language syntax and the concepts 2. Cognitive load involved in learning programming 3. Poorly designed instructional methodology 4. Misconceptions of the concepts As teachers we realized the core difficulty area to ease overcome learning difficulty in programming is to manage the cognitive load in a systematic way. If cognitive load is managed well in program learning then all other difficulties can be overcome.We realized the all the problems related to learning programming is the offshoot of the cognitive load involved in programming.The problems stated above results in the failure of meeting learning outcomes. II.
Automated enzymatic assay for homocysteine.

Various methods have been developed for plasma total homocysteine (tHCY) measurement, including a tHCY enzyme conversion immunoassay designed for the Abbott IMx analyzer (1), a microtiter plate tHCY enzymatic immunoassay assay (2), HPLC methods (3)(4)(5), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry methods (6). We have described a single-enzyme tHCY assay (enzymatic tHCY assay) based on a highly specific recombinant form of l-homocysteine α,γ-lyase (rHCYase) (7)(8). We report here the application of this tHCY enzymatic assay on the Hitachi 912 automatic chemistry analyzer. The principle of the assay is that rHCYase produces H2S from tHCY and that the H2S is quantified by its reaction with N,N -dibutylphenylenediamine, which produces a chromophore. The assay uses four reagents and thus is compatible …
Validation of the operational MSG-SEVIRI snow cover product over Austria

The objective of this study is to evaluate the mapping accuracy of the MSG-SEVIRI operational snow cover product over Austria. The SEVIRI instrument is aboard the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite. The snow cover product provides 32 images per day, with a relatively low spatial resolution of 5 km over Austria. The mapping accuracy is examined at 178 stations with daily snow depth observations and compared with the daily MODIS-combined (Terra + Aqua) snow cover product for the period April 2008–June 2012. The results show that the 15 min temporal sampling allows a significant reduction of clouds in the snow cover product. The mean annual cloud coverage is less than 30% in Austria, as compared to 52% for the combined MODIS product. The mapping accuracy for cloud-free days is 89% as compared to 94% for MODIS. The largest mapping errors are found in regions with large topographical variability. The errors are noticeably larger at stations with elevations that differ greatly from those of the mean MSG-SEVIRI pixel elevations. The median of mapping accuracy for stations with absolute elevation difference less than 50 m and more than 500 m is 98.9 and 78.2%, respectively. A comparison between the MSG-SEVIRI and MODIS products indicates an 83% overall agreement. The largest disagreements are found in Alpine valleys and flatland areas in the spring and winter months, respectively.
Pigment identification and antioxidant properties of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

The aim of this study was to identify pigments present in the red dragon fruit ( Hylocereus polyrhizus ) and to further investigate the antioxidant properties in this fruit. Pigment was identified using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and results confirmed the presence of betanin in sample at a retention time of 11.5 min which corresponded to the retention time of the betanin standard used. In the antioxidant properties determination, there were 86.10 mg of total polyphenolic compound in 0.50 g of dried dragon fruit extract using the total polyphenol assay which expresses gallic acid as equivalent. The reducing power assay further confirmed the antioxidant activity present in dragon fruit where the reducing capability increased from 0.18 to 2.37 with the increase of dry weight sample from 0.03 to 0.5 g. The Vanillin-HCl assay which measures the amount of condensed tannin showed that the dried dragon fruit sample had an equivalent of 2.30 mg catechin/g. The DPPH• radical scavenging activity determination showed that the effective concentration (EC50) for dragon fruit was 2.90 mM vitamin C equivalents/g dried extract.
IMAX: incremental maintenance of schema-based XML statistics

Current approaches for estimating the cardinality of XML queries are applicable to a static scenario wherein the underlying XML data does not change subsequent to the collection of statistics on the repository. However, in practice, many XML-based applications are dynamic and involve frequent updates to the data. In this paper, we investigate efficient strategies for incrementally maintaining statistical summaries as and when updates are applied to the data. Specifically, we propose algorithms that handle both the addition of new documents as well as random insertions in the existing document trees. We also show, through a detailed performance evaluation, that our incremental techniques are significantly faster than the naive recomputation approach; and that estimation accuracy can be maintained even with a fixed memory budget.
Effect of celastrol on bone structure and mechanics in arthritic rats

Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by chronic inflammation leading to articular bone and cartilage damage. Despite recent progress in RA management, adverse effects, lack of efficacy and economic barriers to treatment access still limit therapeutic success. Therefore, safer and less expensive treatments that control inflammation and bone resorption are needed. We have previously shown that celastrol is a candidate for RA treatment. We have observed that it inhibits both interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in vitro, and that it has anti-inflammatory properties and ability to decrease synovial CD68+ macrophages in vivo. Herein our goal was to evaluate the effect of celastrol in local and systemic bone loss. Methods Celastrol was administrated intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 µg/g/day to female Wistar adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Rats were sacrificed after 22 days of disease progression, and blood, femurs, tibiae and paw samples were collected for bone remodelling markers quantification, 3-point bending test, micro-CT analysis, nanoindentation and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements, and immunohistochemical evaluation. Results We have observed that celastrol preserved articular structures and decreased the number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts present in arthritic joints. Moreover, celastrol reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide and C terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type II collagen serum levels. Importantly, celastrol prevented bone loss and bone microarchitecture degradation. Celastrol also preserved bone nanoproperties and mineral content. Additionally, animals treated with celastrol had less fragile bones, as depicted by an increase in maximum load and yield displacement. Conclusions These results suggest that celastrol reduces both bone resorption and cartilage degradation, and preserves bone structural properties.
Together We Will: Experimental Evidence on Female Voting Behavior in Pakistan

In many emerging democracies women are less likely to vote than men and, when they do vote, are more likely to follow the wishes of household males. The authors assess the impact of a voter awareness campaign on female turnout and candidate choice. Geographic clusters within villages were randomly assigned to treatment or control, and within treated clusters, some households were left untreated. Compared with women in control clusters, both treated and untreated women in treated clusters are 12 percentage points more likely to vote, and are also more likely to exercise independence in candidate choice, indicating large spillovers. Data from polling stations suggest that treating 10 women increased turnout by about 9 votes, resulting in a cost per vote of US$ 2.3. Finally, a 10 percent increase in the share of treated women at the polling station led to a 6 percent decrease in the share of votes of the winning party.
Maintenance of remission among patients with Crohn's disease on antimetabolite therapy after infliximab therapy is stopped.

BACKGROUND & AIMS It is important to determine whether infliximab therapy can be safely interrupted in patients with Crohn's disease who have undergone a period of prolonged remission. We assessed the risk of relapse after infliximab therapy was discontinued in patients on combined maintenance therapy with antimetabolites and identified factors associated with relapse. METHODS We performed a prospective study of 115 patients with Crohn's disease who were treated for at least 1 year with scheduled infliximab and an antimetabolite and had been in corticosteroid-free remission for at least 6 months. Infliximab was stopped, and patients were followed up for at least 1 year. We associated demographic, clinical, and biologic factors with time to relapse using a Cox model. RESULTS After a median follow-up period of 28 months, 52 of the 115 patients experienced a relapse; the 1-year relapse rate was 43.9% ± 5.0%. Based on multivariable analysis, risk factors for relapse included male sex, the absence of surgical resection, leukocyte counts >6.0 × 10(9)/L, and levels of hemoglobin ≤145 g/L, C-reactive protein ≥5.0 mg/L, and fecal calprotectin ≥300 μg/g. Patients with no more than 2 of these risk factors (approximately 29% of the study population) had a 15% risk of relapse within 1 year. Re-treatment with infliximab was effective and well tolerated in 88% of patients who experienced a relapse. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 50% of patients with Crohn's disease who were treated for at least 1 year with infliximab and an antimetabolite agent experienced a relapse within 1 year after discontinuation of infliximab. However, patients with a low risk of relapse can be identified using a combination of clinical and biologic markers.
INCLUSIVE AND SPECIAL EDUCATION: Inclusive and special education in the English educational system: historical perspectives, recent developments and future challenges

Special education in England has over the past 25 years been subject to rapid development, not least in relation to the emergence of inclusive education. Alan Hodkinson of the Faculty of Education, Community and Leisure, John Moore's University, critically examines the development of inclusion in England and the barriers that can stall the development of this important educational and societal initiative. He discusses the journey towards inclusion from educational segregation to integration and describes the current Government stance on this important subject. Alan Hodkinson suggests that many of the barriers to effective inclusion are in practice located within the loci of Government, local authorities as well as that of schools. He concludes that it is now time to develop a new vision for the education of children with special educational needs and disabilities that is supported by straightforward, co-ordinated and well-resourced policies. If educational policy is to achieve an inclusive consciousness, it must ensure that the views of children, their families and educational professionals are listened to, and that inclusion is by the choice of the pupils and their parents and not by compulsion.
Brittain's Sadistic Murderer Syndrome reconsidered: an associative account of the aetiology of sadistic sexual fantasy

The ground-breaking work of Brittain (1970) provided the template for subsequent investigations of the aetiology, development and careers of sadistic murderers. The current article revisits some of the key observations that Brittain made, reviews briefly some of the empirical/theoretical developments that followed and offers an associative account of how sadistic fantasy may be initiated. We conclude by calling on clinicians working with sadists to apply the single case-study to collect sufficient information so that models of the aetiology of this population may be refined.
Maximum likelihood estimation for the generation of side information in distributed video coding

The unique requirements imposed by contemporary video communication applications promote the rise of the distributed video coding paradigm, which offers flexible complexity allocation and error resilience combined with competitive compression performance. This work proposes a novel Wyner-Ziv video coding scheme, performing hash-based motion estimation at the decoder. Subsequently, maximum likelihood estimation generates side information from a collection of candidate predictor values. Moreover, a supplemental Wyner-Ziv enhancement layer is coded in the transform domain. The presented Wyner-Ziv coding scheme delivers state-of-the-art compression performance, achieving average Bj⊘ntegaard rate savings of up to 9.31% compared to a state-of-the-art reference codec.
Compressing Feature Sets with Digital Search Trees

State-of-the-art image retrieval pipelines are based on “bag-of-words” matching. We note that the original order in which features are extracted from the image is discarded in the “bag-of-words” matching pipeline. As a result, a set of features extracted from a query image can be transmitted in any order. A set of m unique features has m! orderings, and if the order of transmission can be discarded, one can reduce the query size by an additional log2(m! ) bits. We propose a coding scheme based on Digital Search Trees that reduces size of a set of features by approximately log2(m! ) bits. We perform analysis of the scheme, and show how it applies to any set of symbols in which order can be discarded. We illustrate how the scheme can be applied to a set of low bitrate Compressed Histogram of Gradients (CHoG) descriptors.
Quantitative iTRAQ LC-MS/MS Proteomics Reveals the Proteome Profiles of DF-1 Cells after Infection with Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that can induce various clinical tumors and has caused severe economic losses in China. To improve our understanding of the host cellular responses to virus infection and the pathogenesis of ALV-J infection, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling coupled with multidimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to detect the protein changes in DF-1 cells infected and mock-infected with ALV-J. A total of 75 cellular proteins were significantly changed, including 33 upregulated proteins and 42 downregulated proteins. The reliability of iTRAQ-LC MS/MS was confirmed via real-time PCR. Most of these proteins were related to the physiological functions of metabolic processes, biosynthetic processes, responses to stimuli, protein binding, signal transduction, cell cytoskeleton, and so forth. We also found some proteins that play important roles in apoptosis and oncogenicity. The differentially expressed proteins identified may provide valuable information to elucidate the pathogenesis of virus infection and virus-host interactions.
Reduced complexity blind deterministic frequency offset estimation in OFDM systems

This paper proposes an efficient blind deterministic carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In the proposed method, two OFDM symbols with time difference are generated by exploiting both the oversampled OFDM signal and the cyclic prefix, and a cost function is introduced for CFO estimation. It is shown that the cost function can be expressed as a cosine function. Using a property of the cosine function, a formula for deterministically estimating the CFO is derived. The proposed method is very suitable for real wireless environments since it requires only one OFDM symbol for blind reliable estimation of CFO. The proposed method is very efficient in computational complexity since no searching operation for the minimum cost value is required. The computer simulations show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to those of the MUSIC method [6] and the ML method [7].
The Acquisition of Passives in Spanish and the Question of A-Chain Maturation.

This article presents empirical evidence in favor of the theory of A-chain maturation (Borer & Wexler, 1987), or of a theory that similarly attributes the delay in the acquisition of the passive to young children's inability to accomplish non-local assignment of features. Two experiments testing monolingual Spanish-speaking children's knowledge of the passive are discussed. In Experiment 1, children's comprehension of the full periphrastic passive is compared to performance on actives. In Experiment 2, children's production of the morphological passive is compared with that of active reflexives and simple intransitives. The experimental results are analyzed in light of the theory of A-chain maturation. In particular, the finding that 3- to 5-year-olds perform significantly better in the production of morphological passives with postverbal subjects than in the production of those with preverbal subjects is attributed to the presence of an A-chain in the preverbal subject construction.