Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subjective Perception of Cognitive Deficit in Psychotic Patients

The objective of this study is to evaluate the subjective perception of cognitive deficit and how it relates to the perception of patients’ relatives. Differences between the subjective perception of cognitive deficits in 107 DSM-IV–diagnosed psychotic patients and that of their relatives or caregivers were evaluated using the GEOPTE Scale. Fair agreement was observed between patient and family perception of cognitive functions, although there were important differences on those items that correspond to social functioning. A high degree of correlation was detected between the scores on this scale and clinical global impression scores, as well as the physicians’ global impression of cognitive impairment. Psychotic patients maintain insight as to their cognitive deficits, but they fail to conserve an awareness of their perception of social functioning.
MULTIVARIATE MODELLING OF HOUSEHOLD CLAIM FREQUENCIES IN MOTOR THIRD-PARTY LIABILITY INSURANCE

Abstract Actuarial risk classification studies are typically confined to univariate, policy-based analyses: Individual claim frequencies are modelled for a single product, without accounting for the interactions between the different coverages bought by the members of the same household. Now that large amounts of data are available and that the customer's value is at the heart of insurers' strategies, it becomes essential to develop multivariate risk models combining all the products subscribed by the members of the household in order to capture the correlation effects. This paper aims to supplement the standard actuarial policy-based approach with a household-based approach. This makes the actuarial model more complex but also increases the volume of available information which eases and refines forecasting. Possible cross-selling opportunities can also be identified.
A novel methodology for extracting effective density-of-states in poly-Si thin-film transistors

A novel methodology that greatly simplifies the procedure of extracting the effective density-of-states (DOS) in polycrystalline-Si thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) is proposed and demonstrated. The characterization is performed on a Schottky barrier (SB) TFT with electrical source/drain extensions induced by a field-plate. Only one single device and two simple subthreshold I-V measurements at room temperature are needed for full band-gap DOS extraction. Impacts of different process treatments are clearly resolved using this methodology.
Financial indicators for critical access hospitals.

CONTEXT There is a growing recognition of the need to measure and report hospital financial performance. However, there exists little comparative financial indicator data specifically for critical access hospitals (CAHs). CAHs differ from other hospitals on a number of dimensions that might affect appropriate indicators of performance, including differences in Medicare reimbursement, limits on bed size and average length of stay, and relaxed staffing rules. PURPOSE To develop comparative financial indicators specifically designed for CAHs using Medicare cost report data. METHODS A technical advisory group of individuals with extensive experience in rural hospital finance and operations provided advice to a research team from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Twenty indicators deemed appropriate for assessment of CAH financial condition were chosen and formulas determined. Issues 1 and 2 of the CAH Financial Indicators Report were mailed to the chief executive officers of 853 CAHs in the summer of 2004 and 1,092 CAHs in the summer of 2005, respectively. Each report included indicator values specifically for their CAH, indicator medians for peer groups, and an evaluation form. FINDINGS Chief executive officers found the indicators to be useful and the underlying formulas to be appropriate. The multiple years of data provide snapshots of the industry as a whole, rather than trend data for a constant set of hospitals. CONCLUSIONS The CAH Financial Indicators Report is a useful first step toward comparative financial indicators for CAHs.
Multilevel Theory Model Development and Dissemination

In the past, a large number of research efforts concentrated on single-level analysis; however, researchers who only conduct this level of analysis are finding it harder to justify due to the advancements in statistical software and research techniques. The validation of research findings comes partially from others replicating existing studies as well as building onto theories. Through replication and validation, the research process becomes cyclical in nature, and each iteration builds upon the next. Each succession of tests sets new boundaries, furthering the verification and falsification process. For multilevel models to be correctly specified, the level of analysis needs to be in congruence with the level of measurement. This chapter provides an overview of theory with a primary focus on multilevel theory and multilevel theory development. Also, this chapter provides tips for writing theoretical articles along with guidelines for evaluating theoretical articles.
Co-Creating Spaces of Critical Hope through the Use of a Psychosocial Peace Building Education Course in Higher Education in Protracted Refugee Context: Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya

An unprecedented 65.6 million persons are forcibly displaced (e.g., refugees, asylumseekers, IDPs). Half are youth. Hope is often the feeling that sustains youth through intolerable conditions. Basic education in protracted areas is seen as a protective factor that nurtures hope and psychosocial wellbeing in the lives of children and youth. This research sought to extend this concept to the higher education in protracted refugee context, where refugees (ages 18-35) were able to co-create spaces of hope that recognized their own agency and their ability to question the status quo while developing critical thinking skills. Based on a theoretical framework of the philosophy of hope, psychology of hope, pedagogy of hope, and critical hope, I explored with refugees their perceptions of hope before, during, and after their participation of my psychosocial peace-building education course over a period of six months. Using a pragmatic mixed-methods community-based action approach, I collected: 31 Hope Index of Staats surveys (pre, post, and a follow-up six months later), eight semi-structured interviews (two interviews and then a follow up six months later for each participant), student reflection journals, and researcher field notes. A thematic analysis revealed four themes: Reflecting on critical hope and critical despair; reconciling identities; resurfacing narratives and creating new narratives of hope; and restoring hope and agency in higher education. By nurturing hopeful views and co-creating opportunities for critical thinking skills, refugees seem to be able to continue to play a pivotal role in rebuilding a stronger, just, and peaceful
Parathyroid Hormone-Receptor Interactions Identified Directly by Photocross-linking and Molecular Modeling Studies*

Direct mapping of the interface between parathyroid hormone (PTH) and its receptor (hPTH1-Rc) was carried out by photoaffinity scanning studies. Photoreactive analogs of PTH singularly substituted with a p-benzoylphenylalanine (Bpa) at each of the first six N-terminal positions have been prepared. Among these, the analog [Bpa1,Nle8,18,Arg13,26,27,l-2-Nal23,Tyr34]bPTH-(1–34)NH2(Bpa1-PTH-(1–34)) displayed in vitroactivity with potency similar to that of PTH-(1–34). The radioiodinated analog 125I-Bpa1-PTH-(1–34) cross-linked specifically to the hPTH1-Rc stably expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. A series of chemical and enzymatic digestions of the hPTH1-Rc–125I-Bpa1-PTH-(1–34) conjugate suggested that a methionine residue (either Met414 or Met425) within the contact domain hPTH1-Rc-(409–437), which includes the transmembrane helix 6 and part of the third extracellular loop, as the putative contact point. Site-directed mutagenesis (M414L or M425L) identified Met425 as the putative contact point. Molecular modeling of the hPTH1-Rc together with the NMR-derived high resolution structure of hPTH-(1–34), guided by the cross-linking data, strongly supports Met425, at the extracellular end of transmembrane helix 6, as the residue interacting with the N-terminal residue of the hPTH-(1–34). The photocross-linking and molecular modeling studies provide insight into the topologic arrangement of the receptor-ligand complex.
Dietary Intake Is Related to Multifactor Cardiovascular Risk Score in Obese Boys

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) originates in childhood and early identification of risk factors provides an early intervention opportunity. The aim was to identify children at higher risk using a CVD risk score, developed from factors known to cluster in childhood. Risk was scored as very high (≥97.5th centile), high (≥95th), moderate (≥90th) or threshold (<90th) using normal pediatric reference ranges for 10 common biomedical risk factors. These were summed in a multifactor CVD risk score and applied to a sample of 285 observations from 136 overweight Australian children (41% male, aged 7–12 years). Strength of associations between CVD risk score and individual biomedical and dietary variables were assessed using univariate logistic regression. High waist circumference (Odds Ratio: 5.48 [95% CI: 2.60–11.55]), body mass index (OR: 3.22 [1.98–5.26]), serum insulin (OR: 3.37 [2.56–4.42]) and triglycerides (OR: 3.02 [2.22–4.12]) were all significantly related to CVD risk score. High intakes of total fat (OR: 4.44 [1.19–16.60]), sugar (OR: 2.82 [1.54–5.15]) and carbohydrate (OR 1.75 [1.11–2.77]) were significantly related to CVD risk score in boys only. This multifactor CVD risk score could be a useful tool for researchers to identify elevated risk in children. Further research is warranted to examine sex-specific dietary factors related to CVD risk in children.
EQUILIBRIUM IN LUNG SCHISTOSOMULA SPHINGOMYELIN BREAKDOWN AND BIOSYNTHESIS ALLOWS VERY SMALL MOLECULES, BUT NOT ANTIBODY, TO ACCESS PROTEINS AT THE HOST–PARASITE INTERFACE

The mechanism by which lung-stage schistosomula expose proteins at the host–parasite interface to nutrient, but not antibody, uptake has been obscure. We have found that Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium larvae emerging from host lung at a pH of around 7.5, and fixed with diluted formaldehyde (HCHO), readily bind specific antibodies in indirect membrane immunofluorescence. Data on inhibitors and activators of parasite tegument-bound, magnesium-dependent, neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase), and sphingomyelin biosynthesis inhibitors revealed that equilibrium in schistosomular sphingomyelin breakdown and biosynthesis prevents antibody binding, yet permits access of small HO-CH2-OH polymers to interact with and cross-link proteins at the host–parasite interface, allowing for their serological visualization.
[Psychometric parameters of the Hungarian version of Mothers' Object Relations Scales - Short Form (H-MORS-SF) in a large sample].

INTRODUCTION The Mothers' Object Relations Scale (MORS) was developed by John M. Oates (Open University, Milton Keynes, UK) in the late 1990s. The MORS is an appropriate instrument for gathering parental perceptions about the child and the parent-infant relationship. The questionnaire and its short form were improved further and validated in British and Hungarian samples in the beginning of the 2000s and the questionnaire was used in several applied studies in the UK where its predictive validity was further confirmed. METHODS The development and validation phases were based on small samples. The diverse social-demographic characteristics of the For Healthy Offspring project, allowed for further testing the reliability and validity of the Hungarian short-form in a large (n=1164) sample. RESULTS High internal consistency was found in the original and the imputed data obtained from parents of 0-3-year old children for both of H-MORS-SF dimensions: Invasion and Warmth. The scales had interpretable and systematic cross-correlations with measures of infant temperament (IBQ-R, ECBQ) and mental state (DS1K) of both parents. These results confirm and exceed the previous results based on small samples. CONCLUSION Given the convincing psychometric indicators and its fast and simple usage, the H-MORS-SF can be considered as an effective preventive screening test for monitoring the developing parent-infant relationship, therefore we suggest its use for professionals working in developmental psychology, child health and social fields.
Enrichment Effects of Gestures and Pictures on Abstract Words in a Second Language

Laboratory research has demonstrated that multisensory enrichment promotes verbal learning in a foreign language (L2). Enrichment can be done in various ways, e.g., by adding a picture that illustrates the L2 word’s meaning or by the learner performing a gesture to the word (enactment). Most studies have tested enrichment on concrete but not on abstract words. Unlike concrete words, the representation of abstract words is deprived of sensory-motor features. This has been addressed as one of the reasons why abstract words are difficult to remember. Here, we ask whether a brief enrichment training by means of pictures and by self-performed gestures also enhances the memorability of abstract words in L2. Further, we explore which of these two enrichment strategies is more effective. Twenty young adults learned 30 novel abstract words in L2 according to three encoding conditions: (1) reading, (2) reading and pairing the novel word to a picture, and (3) reading and enacting the word by means of a gesture. We measured memory performance in free and cued recall tests, as well as in a visual recognition task. Words encoded with gestures were better remembered in the free recall in the native language (L1). When recognizing the novel words, participants made less errors for words encoded with gestures compared to words encoded with pictures. The reaction times in the recognition task did not differ across conditions. The present findings support, even if only partially, the idea that enactment promotes learning of abstract words and that it is superior to enrichment by means of pictures even after short training.
Colonization of murine ganglia by a superinfecting strain of herpes simplex virus

We report on the colonization of murine trigeminal ganglia after sequential infection of mice by herpes simplex viruses (HSVs). In preliminary studies, we have established that whereas the HSV-1(F) strain efficiently colonizes ganglia when inoculated by either the ear or eye routes, the HSV-1 X HSV-2 recombinant C7D colonizes ganglia when inoculated by the eye route only. The experimental design consisted of inoculating the right eye with C7D on day 1 and with HSV-1(F) in both left and right eyes on day 26. Both right and left trigeminal ganglia were removed and analyzed independently for latent virus on day 52. Our studies indicate that HSV-1(F) viruses were recovered from all left trigeminal ganglia but from only a small number of right trigeminal ganglia. Some right trigeminal ganglia yielded no viruses, whereas others yielded both C7D and HSV-1(F) viruses identified on the basis of plaque morphology and restriction enzyme cleavage patterns of viral DNA. The results indicate that more than one virus may colonize the same ganglion and that trigeminal ganglia may be protected from colonization by a superinfecting virus by determinants acting at a local level in the absence of demonstrable virus.
CONFIDENCE LIMITS ON PHYLOGENIES: AN APPROACH USING THE BOOTSTRAP

The recently‐developed statistical method known as the “bootstrap” can be used to place confidence intervals on phylogenies. It involves resampling points from one's own data, with replacement, to create a series of bootstrap samples of the same size as the original data. Each of these is analyzed, and the variation among the resulting estimates taken to indicate the size of the error involved in making estimates from the original data. In the case of phylogenies, it is argued that the proper method of resampling is to keep all of the original species while sampling characters with replacement, under the assumption that the characters have been independently drawn by the systematist and have evolved independently. Majority‐rule consensus trees can be used to construct a phylogeny showing all of the inferred monophyletic groups that occurred in a majority of the bootstrap samples. If a group shows up 95% of the time or more, the evidence for it is taken to be statistically significant. Existing computer programs can be used to analyze different bootstrap samples by using weights on the characters, the weight of a character being how many times it was drawn in bootstrap sampling. When all characters are perfectly compatible, as envisioned by Hennig, bootstrap sampling becomes unnecessary; the bootstrap method would show significant evidence for a group if it is defined by three or more characters.
Measuring factors underlying intendedness of women's first and later pregnancies.

CONTEXT Unintended pregnancy is associated with poor health outcomes for mothers and infants, and is indicative of gaps in family planning services. Conventional measures of pregnancy intendedness do not reflect the multiple factors affecting a woman's pregnancy-related intentions and attitudes. METHODS Data collected between March 2002 and February 2003 from 701 women in a public family planning clinic and 671 women in a public prenatal clinic in New Orleans were analyzed to examine factors underlying intendedness (including attitudes toward pregnancy and motivations to achieve or avoid pregnancy). RESULTS In factor analyses, variables measuring pregnancy intendedness were represented by a single latent factor, pregnancy desirability. For first pregnancy, variables that best captured desirability were those measuring happiness, effort in achieving the pregnancy, extent of looking forward to telling friends, whether the pregnancy was intended (i.e., came at the right time or later), and whether the woman wanted to have a baby with her partner. For last or current pregnancies that were second or higher order ones, they were happiness, pregnancy wantedness, effort in achieving the pregnancy, whether the pregnancy was planned and whether the woman wanted to have a baby with her partner. Among women younger than 18 at first pregnancy, happiness and whether a woman wanted a baby with her partner were the only items that captured pregnancy desirability. CONCLUSIONS Future surveys on pregnancy intendedness could reduce the number of questions used to capture pregnancy desirability. This should help standardize surveillance systems and permit better assessment of trends in pregnancy desirability over time.
The use of maggot debridement therapy in 41 equids.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Maggot debridement therapy is a long-established tool to promote wound healing. OBJECTIVES To describe and assess the results of this technique in equids with various lesions. METHODS Retrospective analysis performed on cases in which, depending on clinical case, type, size and location of the wound, maggots were applied either in direct or indirect contact with the wound. RESULTS Treated cases (n = 41) included horses with foot pathology (n = 9), laceration of the limbs (n = 15), other soft tissue abscesses or wounds (n = 6), fistulous withers (n = 5), other musculoskeletal infection (n = 2) and dehiscence of the linea alba (n = 4). In 5 cases, a second maggot application was necessary to reach the desired level of wound healing. In 38 cases a favourable outcome was reached in less than one week. In one individual with a sequestrum, healing was uneventful after its removal. In 2 other horses, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma were involved in chronic infected wounds and complete healing was not achieved because of recurrence of underlying tumours. Some discomfort was recorded in 7 individuals between 24 and 72 h of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Maggot debridement therapy can be recommended in equids for debridement and enhanced healing and its potent antibacterial action. Maggot debridement therapy is not recommended on wounds invaded with a tumour and if bone sequestration is suspected. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Maggot debridement therapy can be an integral part of modern wound care in equids.
General Analysis of Vacuum Circuit Breaker Switching Overvoltages in Offshore Wind Farms

Understanding mechanisms of switching transient overvoltages in modern electrical power systems is a necessity to ensure a proper design of power plants and switchgear and the required level of reliable and secure system operation. High fidelity plant modelling and accurate transient analysis is a prerequisite for understanding the mechanisms of how overvoltages are created and whether or not the voltage withstand capabilities of system components will be exceeded. This research is focused on switching overvoltages typical for an offshore wind farm power collection grid configuration that comprises vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs), cables and transformers. An in-depth understanding of the prestrike effects in VCBs is a prerequisite for studying switching transient overvoltages. In this paper, the impact of VCB parameters (e.g., stray capacitance and withstand voltage ability)and cable length on the transformer terminal voltage during closing operation was studied. A wind farm power collection system was modelled in ATP-EMTP environment. To validate the results obtained through computer simulation, field measurements from an actual system were used.
Bridging pedagogical discontinuity: to what extent can play-based learning besustained beyond children’s transition to Year 1?

As children make the transition from the Early Years Foundation Stage to Year 1 they must negotiate pedagogical and curriculum discontinuities. Previous research has identified an absence of bridging between these two phases of education resulting in children being exposed to developmentally inappropriate practice. This study explores the feasibility of sustaining play into Year 1 in a small rural Lincolnshire school. Data were collected through interviews with both the Early Years Foundation Stage and the Year 1 teacher. A questionnaire with Year 1 children (n = 23) provided supplementary data. Findings suggest that the constraints of the National Curriculum make it difficult to bridge pedagogical discontinuity through play in Year 1 as the bridging process is occurring before children enter Year 1. This project is of particular interest to Early Years Foundation Stage educators as pressure to align competing discourses in their pedagogical space intensifies.
Measuring the frequency response of photodetectors used in ultrasonic applications by a heterodyne system with difference-frequency servo control

A technique for the calibration of photodiodes in ultrasonic measurement systems using standard and cost-effective optical and electronic components is presented. A heterodyne system was realized using two commercially available DFB lasers, and the required frequency stability and resolution were ensured by a difference-frequency servo control scheme. Measurements were carried out up to 450 MHz and the uncertainties of about 4 % (k=2) can be further reduced without losing the feature of using only simple elements by improved rf power measurement.