Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PPP family of protein Ser/Thr phosphatases: two distinct branches?

All known protein phosphatases specific for phosphorylated Ser and Thr are encoded by two unrelated gene families, termed PPM and PPP (Cohen 1997; Barford, Das, and Egloff 1998). The PPM family comprises Mg21-dependent phosphatases structurally related to PP2C, while the PPP family has traditionally been subdivided into three subfamilies, related to PP1, PP2A, and PP2B (calcineurin). Investigation of these phosphatases has revealed their roles in such processes as glycogen metabolism, regulation of the cell cycle and RNA splicing, regulation of numerous protein kinases, T-cell activation, and memory formation (Cohen 1997; Klee, Ren, and Wang 1998; Millward, Zolnierowicz, and Hemmings 1999; Price and Mumby 1999; Aggen, Nairn, and Chamberlin 2000). These three extensively characterized ‘‘classical’’ PPP subfamilies have recently been supplemented by novel members from various species (Cohen 1997). In addition, a novel divergent group of PPP phosphatases called the PP5/rdgC subfamily has been recognized. It comprises enzymes related to mammalian and fungal PP5/PPT, protein phosphatases with EF-hand domains (PPEF, termed rdgC in Drosophila), and plant PP7 (Becker et al. 1994; Cohen 1997; Andreeva and Kutuzov 1999). Not only do phosphatases of the PP5/rdgC subfamily share relatively low sequence identity with the classical subfamilies, they are also more divergent when presumed orthologs from different species are compared. For example, catalytic domains of mammalian PP1 are 76%–88% and ;90% identical to those from plants and fungi, respectively, while those of mammalian PP5 are only ;65% and 50%–58% identical to their presumed counterparts from plants and fungi, respectively. If Trypanosoma species are compared with mammals, the catalytic domains of their PPEF phosphatases are only 39%–42% identical, while PP1 and PP2A enzymes are 71%–72% and 67% identical, respectively. This situation makes it difficult to ascribe novel divergent PPP phosphatases to the known PPP subfamilies and to anticipate their possible functions, especially when only relatively short incomplete sequences are available or there are no recognizable regulatory domains attached to the catalytic domain. For example, an expressed sequence tag (EST) from water-
Automated testing framework for mobile applications based in user-interaction features and historical bug information

Mobile applications support a set of user-interaction features that are independent of the application logic. These features include content presentation or navigation features. Rotating the device, gestures such as scroll or zoom into screens are some examples. In this paper an automated testing framework for mobile applications is proposed. Our framework integrates user-interaction features, historical bug information, and an interest point detector and descriptor to identify new bugs. A model of the application is automatically created and explored. While the exploration the model is performed we introduce user-interaction features and we capturing images. These images are passed to a bug analyzer to search bugs. The bug analyzer uses an interest point detector and descriptor to search for areas prone to bugs in the captured images. The use of historical bug information is proposed to determine sequences of events to better search bugs in applications. Preliminary results show that using the proposed technique is feasible to identify bugs in mobile applications.
The Neural Basis of Personal Goal Processing When Envisioning Future Events

Episodic future thinking allows humans to mentally simulate virtually infinite future possibilities, yet this device is fundamentally goal-directed and should not be equated with fantasizing or wishful thinking. The purpose of this fMRI study was to investigate the neural basis of such goal-directed processing during future-event simulation. Participants were scanned while they imagined future events that were related to their personal goals (personal future events) and future events that were plausible but unrelated to their personal goals (nonpersonal future events). Results showed that imaging personal future events elicited stronger activation in ventral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) compared to imaging nonpersonal future events. Moreover, these brain activations overlapped with activations elicited by a second task that assessed semantic self-knowledge (i.e., making judgments on one's own personality traits), suggesting that ventral MPFC and PCC mediate self-referential processing across different functional domains. It is suggested that these brain regions may support a collection of processes that evaluate, code, and contextualize the relevance of mental representations with regard to personal goals. The implications of these findings for the understanding of the function instantiated by the default network of the brain are also discussed.
Procedural Justice Climate in New Product Development Teams: Antecedents and Consequences

With the increasing interest in the concept of justice in the group behavior literature, the procedural justice (PJ) climate attracts many researchers and practitioners from different fields. Nevertheless, the PJ climate is rarely addressed in the new product development (NPD) project team literature. Specifically, the technology and innovation management (TIM) literature provides little about what the PJ climate is, its nature and benefits, and how it works in NPD project teams. Also, few studies investigate the antecedents and consequences of the PJ climate in NPD teams enhancing the understanding of this concept from a practical perspective. This paper discusses the PJ climate theory in a NPD team context and empirically demonstrates how team members' positive collective perceptions of a PJ climate can be developed and how a PJ climate influences a project's performance in NPD teams. In particular, team culture values including employee orientation, customer orientation, systematic management control, innovativeness, and social responsibility were investigated as antecedents, and team learning, speed to market, and market success of new products were studied as outcomes of PJ climate in this paper. By studying 83 NPD project teams it was found on the basis of using partial least squares (PLS) method that (1) the level of employee, customer and innovativeness orientation as well as systematic management control during the project had a positive impact on developing a PJ climate in an NPD team; (2) a PJ climate positively affects team learning and product development time (i.e., speed to market); and (3) team learning and speed to market mediate the relations between the PJ climate and new product success (NPS). Based on the findings, this paper suggests that managers should enhance the PJ climate and team culture in the project team to enhance team learning and to develop products faster. In particular, managers should (1) open a discussion forum among people and create a dialogue for people who disagree with the other project team members rather than dictating or emposing others ideas to them, (2) facilitate information searching and collecting mechanisms to make decisions effectively and to clarify uncertainties, and (3) allow team members to challange project-related ideas and decisions and modify them with consensus. Also, to enhance the PJ climate during the project, managers should (1) respect and listen to all team members' ideas and try to understand why they are sometimes in opposition, (2) define team members' task boundaries and clarify project norms and project goals, and (3) set knowledge-questioning values by facilitating team members to try out new ideas and seek out new ways to do things.
Toll-like Receptor 3 L412F Polymorphisms in Infants With Bronchiolitis and Postbronchiolitis Wheezing

Background: Innate immunity receptors play a critical role in host defense. In addition, the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been connected to allergy and asthma. Aims: To evaluate the association between the TLR3 L412F polymorphism and viral findings, clinical characteristics and subsequent wheezing in young infants with bronchiolitis. Methods: In all, 129 full-term infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis at age <6 months have been followed-up until the mean age of 1.5 years. Genotyping of the TLR3 L412F gene mutation was made by pyrosequencing. Results: TLR3 L412F gene polymorphism including the minor allele T was overrepresented (52%) in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis. The presence of the major allele C as homozygous was associated with repeated postbronchiolitis wheezing (7.06, 95% confidence interval 2.30–21.66). Conclusion: Preliminary evidence was found that TLR3 L412F gene polymorphism may be associated with bronchiolitis leading to hospitalization and postbronchiolitis wheezing.
Non‐contrast‐enhanced perfusion and ventilation assessment of the human lung by means of fourier decomposition in proton MRI

Assessment of regional lung perfusion and ventilation has significant clinical value for the diagnosis and follow‐up of pulmonary diseases. In this work a new method of non‐contrast‐enhanced functional lung MRI (not dependent on intravenous or inhalative contrast agents) is proposed. A two‐dimensional (2D) true fast imaging with steady precession (TrueFISP) pulse sequence (TR/TE = 1.9 ms/0.8 ms, acquisition time [TA] = 112 ms/image) was implemented on a 1.5T whole‐body MR scanner. The imaging protocol comprised sets of 198 lung images acquired with an imaging rate of 3.33 images/s in coronal and sagittal view. No electrocardiogram (ECG) or respiratory triggering was used. A nonrigid image registration algorithm was applied to compensate for respiratory motion. Rapid data acquisition allowed observing intensity changes in corresponding lung areas with respect to the cardiac and respiratory frequencies. After a Fourier analysis along the time domain, two spectral lines corresponding to both frequencies were used to calculate the perfusion‐ and ventilation‐weighted images. The described method was applied in preliminary studies on volunteers and patients showing clinical relevance to obtain non‐contrast‐enhanced perfusion and ventilation data. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Global optimal control of redundant robot

SUMMARY A global optimal control algorithm was developed with the aim of finding a control which satisfies some special requirements in the sense of obtaining singular position free movement of the redundant robot mechanism. The solution of the developed global optimal control algorithm is a boundary value problem. The additional constraints in the boundary value problem were constructed with the use of an optimization process. The usefulness of the developed global optimal control algorithm is demonstrated by the example of the 3 DOFs planar redundant robot mechanism of SCARA type.
Time-optimal parabolic interpolation with velocity, acceleration, and minimum-switch-time constraints

Graphical Abstract Time-optimal trajectories with bounded velocities and accelerations are known to be parabolic, i.e. piecewise constant in acceleration. An important characteristic of this class of trajectories is the distribution of the switch points – the time instants when the acceleration of any robot joint changes. When integrating parabolic trajectory generation into a motion planning pipeline, especially one that involves a shortcutting procedure, resulting trajectories usually contain a large number of switch points with a dense distribution. This high frequency acceleration switching intensifies joint motor wear as well as hampers the robot performance. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for planning parabolic trajectories subject to both physical bounds, i.e. joint velocity and acceleration limits, and the minimum-switch-time constraint. The latter constraint ensures that the time duration between any two consecutive switch points is always greater than a given minimum value. Analytic derivations are given, as well as comparisons with other methods to demonstrate the efficiency of our approach.
Wealth accumulation and portfolio selection behavior of Canadian and foreign-born households

Previous Canadian research in the field of the economics of immigration has been primarily devoted to an evaluation of the labor market performance of immigrants. This thesis focuses on the role of foreign-born households in Canada's asset market. An empirical analysis of accumulation and allocation of household wealth is conducted for a large sample of Canadian households circa 1983-84. Feldstein's extended life-cycle model is used to examine differential wealth accumulation behavior of the foreign-born vis-a-vis Canadianborn households. The empirical results confirm the existence of an inverted 'U' shaped wealth-age profile as predicted by the life-cycle model. However, the rate of wealth dissipation in post retirement years is very low for Canadian-born households relative to foreign-born households. In addition, public social security wealth displaced household savings for both the Canadian born and the foreign born. Furthermore, immigrants exhibit a stronger bequest motive than the Canadian born. Household portfolio analysis suggests that both groups reveal decreasing relative risk aversion. The foreign-born households have a greater propensity to hold real estate and debt than Canadian-born households. This study concludes that immigration not only affects household sector saving but also the composition of demand in the Canadian asset market.
CEO DUALITY AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM A DEVELOPING COUNTRY

This study examines if the CEO duality influences firm performance in Bangladesh. It also examines the interaction of industries in influencing the relationship between CEO duality and firm performance. From an observation of 825 firm years this study uses a 2-stage least square regression (2SLS) analysis. The finding is that, there is a negative (non-significant) relationship between CEO duality and firm performance. However, when the industry interaction terms (the role of industries as moderating variable) are added, the CEO duality and firm performance is found to vary across industries. The findings of this study suggest that the CEO duality and firm performance is contingent; no single leadership structure is universal; both the leadership structure has cost and benefits. It is beneficial in some situation supporting the stewardship theory while it is not in other situations supporting the agency theory. This study contributes to the literature and ongoing debate on CEO duality and firm performance in the context of developing countries.
Factors related to child care increase the risk of pneumonia among children living in a poor community in northeast Brazil.

A case-control study in a Brazilian city looked at the increased risk of pneumonia faced by children under age 2 who stayed in day care centers while their mothers were employed. The 650 cases received a radiological diagnosis of pneumonia from the main pediatric hospitals and the 650 controls were of the same age and neighborhood as the cases. It was found that mothers paid employment outside of the house independently increased the occurrence of pneumonia. Risk increased 1.8 times for children whose mothers worked 75% more of the time since the birth than other mothers and attendance at a day care center increased risk more than five times. This may be caused by stress experienced by the child as well as by inappropriate child care practices and increased exposure to pathogens. Since the number of children attending day care centers is increasing it is urgent to devise ways to design and manage day care centers to minimize the risk of pneumonia.
A TRAFFIC PREDICTION METHOD BASED ON COMPLEX EVENT PROCESSING AND ADAPTIVE BAYESIAN NETWORKS

Recently Complex Event Processing (CEP) is widely used in many areas to support real time event processing. In some applications events should be prevented proactively before they occur. In this paper we propose a high accuracy traffic prediction method based on complex event processing and Adaptive Bayesian networks. A learning algorithm using search-and-score is proposed to learn the Bayesian network structure. Bayesian Model Averaging is used to address the problem of model uncertainty. The experiments on traffic simulation show that this predictive complex event processing method has good accuracy and acceptable performance.
Exploring the Sources of Skill-Biased Technical Change: A Firm Performance Perspective

The literature on skill-biased technical change has examined the role of skills in the adoption of new technology. Here the focus is on the creation of new technology, that is, innovation. Low skill firms are hypothesized to benefit less from innovation activities, particularly collaborative research and development (R&D). In other words, skills and innovation are complementary. Complementarities associated with innovation may generate persistent differences in firm behavior and performance. Results from a panel of manufacturing firms indicate that technical skills reinforce the profitability effects of innovation and R&D collaboration. Skills, collaboration, and innovation form a system of interdependent activities.
Chaos and order in the capital markets

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Handover Management in Software-Defined Ultra-Dense 5G Networks

Ultra-densification is a key approach aimed at satisfying high data traffic in next-generation 5G networks. However, the high number of small cell eNB deployments in such ultra-dense networks (UDNs) may result in unnecessary, frequent, and back-and-forth handovers, with additional problems related to increased delay and total failure of the handoff process. Additionally, due to the separation of control and data signaling in 5G technology, the handover operation must be executed in both tiers. In this article, we propose an SDN-based mobility and available resource estimation strategy to solve the handover delay problem. Here, we estimate the neighbor eNB transition probabilities of the mobile node and their available resource probabilities by using a Markov chain formulation. This allows a mathematically elegant framework to select the optimal eNBs and then assign these to mobile nodes virtually, with all connections completed through the use of OpenFlow tables. Finally, we compare the conventional LTE and our proposed handover strategies by analyzing the observed delays according to the densification ratio parameter. Also, we analyze the handover failure ratios of both strategies according to the user number. Results reveal that the proposed strategy reduces the handover delay and failures by 52 and 21 percent compared to the conventional approach.
In situ detection of programmed cell death in Nicotiana tabacum leaves during senescence

Leaf senescence is a highly regulated developmental process, during which cell constituents are dismantled in an ordered progression. The final death phase of senescence is a type of programmed cell death (PCD). We showed DNA fragmentation characteristic for PCD by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay not only in senescing leaves but also in young, still developing tobacco leaves.
The Financial and Facility Status of Campus Recreation Programs at NIRSA Colleges and Universities

Directors of campus recreation at NIRSA colleges and universities in the US and Canada were surveyed to determine: (a) the number of schools that have built, within the preceding three years, major indoor as well as major outdoor campus recreation facilities and the number of institutions planning to do so within the next three years; (b) the usage and scheduling priorities covering all campus recreation facilities; (c) the sources of funding for the construction of these major facilities and sites; and (d) the sources of funding for operational activities for campus recreation. The data were analyzed in terms of school size, location, and whether public or private in nature. The findings revealed that 56% of the institutions surveyed had either recently built new major indoor student recreation centers or were planning to do so, within the next three years. In terms of major outdoor facilities or sites, the percentage was 41%. The majority of construction funds for indoor and outdoor facilities/sites as well as operational funds for programs and activities came from future student fees at most of the public schools. Typically, private schools had the majority of their monies for both indoor and outdoor facilities emanating from private sources while the majority of operating costs was covered through the general fund of the institutions. The sharing of facilities continues with both physical education and with athletics; and, the directors of campus recreation, generally speaking, felt comfortable with such arrangements, even when such arrangements include having athletic and physical education activities take precedence in usage over those of campus recreation.
The Effect of Corporate Governance on Liquidity: Voluntary Disclosure, Analyst Coverage, and Adverse Selection as Mediating Mechanisms

Our paper examines how a firm’s corporate governance relates to the liquidity (i.e., bidask spread) of its stock. In particular, we focus on how voluntary disclosure, analyst coverage, and adverse selection among investors mediate this relation. Our results show that better corporate governance, in terms of greater board independence and greater institutional monitoring, improves liquidity though more voluntary disclosure, greater analyst coverage, and lower adverse selection. The effects of these mediating mechanisms differ in magnitude. Specifically, we find that the key reason to expect better corporate governance to be associated with improved liquidity is reduced adverse selection. This finding is consistent with the argument that the first order effect of better corporate governance is to constrain agency problems such as insider trading and selective disclosure to some investors, which, in turn, could affect stock liquidity.
Bottom-up and Top-down: An alternate classification of LD authoring approaches

Sodhi, T. , Miao, Y. , Brouns, F. , & Koper, E. J. R. (2007). Bottom-up and Top-down: An alternate classification of LD authoring approaches. Paper presented at the TENCompetence Open Workshop on Current research on IMS Learning Design and Lifelong Competence Development Infrastructures. June, 21-22, 2007, Barcelona, Spain.
PCB of a buck converter for laboratory practical classes in power electronics

This paper presents a laboratory PCB (Printed Circuit Board) used in the practical classes of power electronics in the new Degree in Industrial Electronics and Automation taught at the University of Cantabria, where students are trained in the design and measurement of power converters. This laboratory circuit reduces the time spent assembling the circuit and can focus the study on different aspects of the converters. Students place the buck converter to be designed on the developed PCB. This converter is regulated as a voltage source or current source when it is used to supply a LED matrix. The PCB was developed in order to rationalize the student's time in the laboratory to achieve their practical objectives. This laboratory circuit is ready for performing measurements of voltage and current on different devices. Furthermore, it is ready for introducing perturbations to measure transfer functions of the converter, so as to design the appropriate regulator.