Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Çevrimiçi Öğrenme Hazır Bulunuşluluk Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Öz Bu araştırmanın amacı, Çevrimiçi Öğrenme Hazır Bulunuşluluk Ölçeği’nin (Hung, Chou, Chen ve Own, 2010) Türkçe formunu elde etmek ve ölçek maddeleri ile ölçek genelinin psikometrik özelliklerini incelemektir. Araştırma iki bölümde ele alınmıştır; a) ölçeğin Türkçe versiyonunun elde edilme süreci 13 alan ve dil uzmanı ile b) uygulama süreci ise 5 farklı üniversiteden 724 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Ölçeğin Türkçe formunun kâğıt-kalem uygulamasından elde edilen verilerin faktör çözümlemesi sonucu 18 maddenin beş farklı alt boyuta ilişkin bağıntıları anlamlı sonuçlar vermiştir. Bununla birlikte alt boyutlar arası korelasyonlar ve ortalama açıklanan varyans değerleri üzerine yapı geçerliği (yakınsama ve ayırt edici geçerlik) çalışması olumlu sonuçlar vermiştir. Bu sonuçlar Çevrimiçi Öğrenmeler İçin Öğrenenlerin Hazır Bulunuşluluk Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Çevrimiçi öğrenenler için hazır bulunuşluluk, ölçek, geçerlik, güvenirlik. Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop the Turkish version of Online Learning Readiness Scale -OLRS(Hung, Chou, Chen, & Own, 2010) and to investigate the psychometric properties, such as the validity and reliability, of this scale. The study was conducted in two stages: a) the development of the Turkish version of the scale with judgments of 13 experts of language and study domain, and b) the implementation of the scale with a total of 724 students from 5 different universities. The Turkish form of the scale was administered to participants to obtain the application data set. Confirmatory factor analysis based on the relations of 18 items on 5 different sub dimensions, reported by Hung et al., (2010) was applied on the data set. The factor loadings obtained from factor analysis were statistically significant and numerically satisfactory. In addition to this, the results of construct validity (convergent validity and discriminant validity) based on correlation among sub-dimensions, and on average variance extraction were satisfactory. These results showed that the Turkish version of the OLRS was a valid and reliable measurement tool.
Resolution of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction with nonsurgical management.

OBJECTIVE To determine how often nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) resolves with 6 months of nonsurgical management in infants aged 6 to less than 10 months. METHODS As part of a randomized trial evaluating the cost-effectiveness of immediate office probing vs observation with deferred probing for unresolved cases, 107 infants aged 6 to less than 10 months who had NLDO and no history of nasolacrimal duct surgery were prescribed 6 months of nasolacrimal duct massage and topical antibiotics as needed. Resolution of the NLDO was assessed 6 months after study entry and was defined as the absence of all clinical signs of NLDO (epiphora, increased tear lake, or mucous discharge) and not having undergone NLDO surgery. Exploratory analyses assessed whether baseline characteristics, including age, sex, laterality, and prior treatment, were associated with the probability of NLDO resolving without surgery. RESULTS At the 6-month examination, which was completed for 117 of the 133 eyes (88%), the NLDO had resolved without surgery in 77 eyes (66% [95% CI, 56%-74%]). None of the baseline characteristics we evaluated were found to be associated with resolution. CONCLUSIONS In infants 6 to less than 10 months of age, more than half of eyes with NLDO will resolve within 6 months with nonsurgical management. Knowledge of the rate of NLDO resolution in infancy without surgery will help clinicians and parents effectively discuss treatment options.
To Determine the Weight in a Weighted Sum Method for Domain-Specific Keyword Extraction

Keyword extraction has been a very traditional topic in Natural Language Processing. However, most methods have been too complicated and slow to be applied in real applications, for example in web-based system. This paper proposes an approach which will complete some preparing works focusing on exploring the linguistic characteristics of a specific domain. This part can be completed once and for all and thus reduce the burden in the real extraction process. It is a weighted sum method and the preparing work focus on finding out the weight. Once we have the weight, the extraction can be completed by addition, multiplication and sort, which are quite simple for modern computer. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Polygamy in the United States: How Marginalized Religious Communities Cope with Stigmatizing Discourses Surrounding Plural Marriage

This study explores the narratives of 20 members of “The Work,” a polygamist community in Centennial Park, Arizona, to better understand the ways in which religious minorities cope with the stigmatizing discourses of the larger United States culture. This paper examines (a) how participants understand and interpret public discourse surrounding plural marriage, and (b) participants’ communicative strategies for coping with this stigma. Grounded theory analysis revealed that the discursive cultural de-legitimation of plural marriage motivates co-cultural members to engage in network management. Four network management strategies were reported by participants: (1) withdrawing from mainstream society, (2) establishing ingroup solidarity, (3) concealing cultural identification, and (4) educating cultural outsiders.
Imaging gene expression in live cells and tissues.

Monitoring gene expression is crucial for studying the responses of gene therapy and clarifying the function of certain genes in various environments. Molecular imaging is a powerful tool for noninvasive visualization of gene expression. This chapter will summarize the current status of fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of gene expression in live cells and tissues, and the emphasis will be mainly on the early studies that pioneered the field. First, we will describe fluorescence imaging of gene expression with a wide variety of fluorescent proteins. Next, we will discuss the strategies for BLI of gene expression. Besides incorporating the reporter gene into the host DNA, mRNA-based BLI of gene expression will also be briefly mentioned. Lastly, the construction of dual and triple fusion reporter genes will be presented. Since no single imaging modality is perfect and sufficient to obtain all of the necessary information for a given question, a combination of multiple molecular imaging modalities can offer synergistic advantages over any modality alone. Noninvasive optical imaging of gene expression has revolutionized biomedical research and the progress made over the last decade should allow molecular imaging to play a major role in the field of gene therapy. For basic and preclinical research, optical imaging is certainly indispensable for imaging gene expression. However, for clinical imaging of gene expression, positron emission tomography (PET) holds the greatest promise.
Bacterial Superantigens Promote Acute Nasopharyngeal Infection by Streptococcus pyogenes in a Human MHC Class II-Dependent Manner

Establishing the genetic determinants of niche adaptation by microbial pathogens to specific hosts is important for the management and control of infectious disease. Streptococcus pyogenes is a globally prominent human-specific bacterial pathogen that secretes superantigens (SAgs) as ‘trademark’ virulence factors. SAgs function to force the activation of T lymphocytes through direct binding to lateral surfaces of T cell receptors and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) molecules. S. pyogenes invariably encodes multiple SAgs, often within putative mobile genetic elements, and although SAgs are documented virulence factors for diseases such as scarlet fever and the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), how these exotoxins contribute to the fitness and evolution of S. pyogenes is unknown. Here we show that acute infection in the nasopharynx is dependent upon both bacterial SAgs and host MHC-II molecules. S. pyogenes was rapidly cleared from the nasal cavity of wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice, whereas infection was enhanced up to ∼10,000-fold in B6 mice that express human MHC-II. This phenotype required the SpeA superantigen, and vaccination with an MHC –II binding mutant toxoid of SpeA dramatically inhibited infection. Our findings indicate that streptococcal SAgs are critical for the establishment of nasopharyngeal infection, thus providing an explanation as to why S. pyogenes produces these potent toxins. This work also highlights that SAg redundancy exists to avoid host anti-SAg humoral immune responses and to potentially overcome host MHC-II polymorphisms.
Proposal of Walkable Path Discovery Technique in Triage Spot

It is difficult to discover Walkable Path for a doctor going to the targeted patient basis in the confused calamity spot. Applying a sensor network to an emergency lifesaving system called triage which makes a lifesaving order decision is an active area of research. Although research which saves the energy and the traffic in the case of the information gathering to a sink node is done, they do not inquire about offer of Walkable Path to the patient for a doctor treating. It is indispensable to support discovery and its navigation of Walkable Path in the calamity spot. In this paper, we propose the Walkable Path Discovery technique of using bandwidth efficiently at the same time it supports navigation of Walkable Path. Walkable Path and a Network Route are held simultaneously and sudden change message transfer is performed using the Network Route. Simulation evaluation is performed and we show effectiveness of our proposal.
The Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato HrpW Protein Has Domains Similar to Harpins and Pectate Lyases and Can Elicit the Plant Hypersensitive Response and Bind to Pectate

ABSTRACT The host-specific plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringaeelicits the hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhost plants and secretes the HrpZ harpin in culture via the Hrp (type III) secretion system. Previous genetic evidence suggested the existence of another harpin gene in the P. syringae genome. hrpW was found in a region adjacent to the hrp cluster in P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. hrpW encodes a 42.9-kDa protein with domains resembling harpins and pectate lyases (Pels), respectively. HrpW has key properties of harpins. It is heat stable and glycine rich, lacks cysteine, is secreted by the Hrp system, and is able to elicit the HR when infiltrated into tobacco leaf tissue. The harpin domain (amino acids 1 to 186) has six glycine-rich repeats of a repeated sequence found in HrpZ, and a purified HrpW harpin domain fragment possessed HR elicitor activity. In contrast, the HrpW Pel domain (amino acids 187 to 425) is similar to Pels from Nectria haematococca, Erwinia carotovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi, and Bacillus subtilis, and a purified Pel domain fragment did not elicit the HR. Neither this fragment nor the full-length HrpW showed Pel activity inA230 assays under a variety of reaction conditions, but the Pel fragment bound to calcium pectate, a major constituent of the plant cell wall. The DNA sequence of the P. syringae pv. syringae B728a hrpW was also determined. The Pel domains of the two predicted HrpW proteins were 85% identical, whereas the harpin domains were only 53% identical. Sequences hybridizing at high stringency with the P. syringae pv. tomato hrpW were found in other P. syringaepathovars, Pseudomonas viridiflava, Ralstonia(Pseudomonas) solanacearum, andXanthomonas campestris. ΔhrpZ::nptII orhrpW::ΩSprP. syringaepv. tomato mutants were little reduced in HR elicitation activity in tobacco, whereas this activity was significantly reduced in ahrpZ hrpW double mutant. These features of hrpWand its product suggest that P. syringae produces multiple harpins and that the target of these proteins is in the plant cell wall.
Rethinking sketching as sampling: Linear transforms of graph signals

Sampling of bandlimited graph signals has well-documented merits for dimensionality reduction, affordable storage, and online processing of streaming network data. Most existing sampling methods are designed to minimize the error incurred when reconstructing the original signal from its samples. Oftentimes these parsimonious signals serve as inputs to computationally-intensive linear transformations (e.g., graph filters). Hence, interest shifts from reconstructing the signal itself towards instead approximating the output of the prescribed linear operator efficiently. In this context, we propose a novel sampling scheme that leverages the bandlimitedness of the input as well as the transformation whose output we wish to approximate. We formulate problems to jointly optimize sample selection and a sketch of the target linear transformation, so when the latter is affordably applied to the sampled input signal the result is close to the desired output. The developed sampling plus reduced-complexity processing pipeline is particularly useful for streaming data, where the linear transform has to be applied fast and repeatedly to successive inputs.
A survey of ontology-based web annotation

Heterogeneity and a lack of central control over the organization of Web information have led to great difficulties in processing them automatically. To overcome the difficulties, one attempts to add metadata to Web pages and this is known as Web Annotation. Ontology-based Web Annotation is a recent but promising area which enhances conventional Web Annotations by incorporating ontology with pre-defined semantic structures. The resulting annotations are useful not only for navigating Web information from diverse sources but also for improving information retrieval and classification. In this paper, we survey the different Ontology-based Web annotation methods in order to provide an organized view on the existing state-of-the-art, to identify potential areas of research, and to discuss promising ways of enhancing Ontology-based Web Annotation.
Improving user satisfaction in agent-based electronic marketplaces by reputation modelling and adjustable product quality

In this paper, we propose a market model and learning algorithms for buying and selling agents in electronic marketplaces. We take into account the fact that multiple selling agents may offer the same good with different qualities, and that selling agents may alter the quality of their goods. We also consider the possible existence of dishonest selling agents in the market. In our approach, buying agents learn to maximize their expected value of goods using reinforcement learning. In addition, they model and exploit the reputation of selling agents to avoid interaction with the disreputable ones, and therefore to reduce the risk of purchasing low value goods. Our selling agents learn to maximize their expected profits by using reinforcement learning to adjust product prices, and also by altering product quality to provide more customized value to their goods. This paper focuses on presenting results from experiments investigating the behaviours of buying and selling agents in large-sized electronic marketplaces. Our results confirm that buying and selling agents following the proposed algorithms obtain greater satisfaction than buying and selling agents who only use reinforcement learning, with the buying agents not modelling sellersý reputation and the selling agents not adjusting product quality.
A Review of Optical Coherence Elastography: Fundamentals, Techniques and Prospects

In optical coherence elastography, images are formed by mapping a mechanical property of tissue. Such images, known as elastograms, are formed on the microscale, intermediate between that of cells and whole organs. Optical coherence elastography holds great promise for detecting and monitoring the altered mechanical properties that accompany many clinical conditions and pathologies, particularly in cancer, cardiovascular disease and eye disease. In this review, we first consider how the mechanical properties of tissue are linked with tissue function and pathology. We then describe currently prominent optical coherence elastography techniques, with emphasis on the methods of mechanical loading and displacement estimation. We highlight the sensitivity to microstrain deformations at tens of micrometer resolution. Throughout, optical coherence elastography is considered in the context of other elastography methods, mainly ultrasound elastography and magnetic resonance elastography. This context serves to highlight its advantages, early stage of development of applications, and strong prospects for future impact.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation Enrichment and Subsequent Analysis by MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS/MS and LC‐ESI‐IT‐MS/MS

This unit describes methods to detect, identify, and characterize tyrosine phosphorylation in proteins by mass spectrometry, including sample preparation methods, enrichment strategies using phosphotyrosine‐specific antibodies, and chromatographic separation methods. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 62:13.11. 1‐13.11. 26. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Persistent Classroom Management Training Needs of Experienced Teachers.

Experienced special education teachers (n=62) were surveyed on their professional preparation to become effective classroom managers. Despite having received extensive preservice training, over 83% of the sample reported being underprepared in classroom management and behavioral interventions. No statistically significant difference was found with respect to the type of classroom management theoretical approach used to train these teachers. Of those (74.2%) who received classroom management training post-graduation, the majority (64%) reported needing still further training in dealing with student behavior. Specific training desired was in whole-class management strategies, as well as in managing behaviors of students with disabilities. Results suggest that teachers' training needs in classroom management may persist throughout their professional careers, even following intensive preservice training.
A speed-up of the algorithm for computing comprehensive Gröbner systems

We introduce a new algorithm for computing comprehensive Gröbner systems.There exists the Suzuki-Sato algorithm for computing comprehensive Gröbner systems. The Suzuki-Sato algorithm often creates overmuch cells of the parameter space for comprehensive Gröbner systems. Therefore the computation becomes heavy. However, by using inequations ("not equal zero"), we can obtain different cells. In many cases, this number of cells of parameter space is smaller than that of Suzuki-Sato's. Therefore, our new algorithm is more efficient than Suzuki-Sato's one, and outputs a nice comprehensive Gröbner system. Our new algorithm has been implemented in the computer algebra system Risa/Asir We compare the runtime of our implementation with the Suzuki-Sato algorithm and find our algorithm superior in many cases.
Inhibition of Singlet Oxidation in Some Edible Vegetable Oils by Plant Extracts.

The singlet oxidation inhibiting abilities of methanolic extracts of air-dried red pepper, onion and carrot were examined by measuring their effects on methylene blue sensitized photoxidation reactions of six edible oils. The quenching abilities were assessed by monitoring the peroxide values of the oxidized oils using the International Dairy Federation procedure. The results obtained suggest photoxidation was retarded in all cases by the extracts. UV absorbances ( ) of the reaction mixtures without the antioxidant extracts after 11 hours varied between 0.604 for palm kernel oil and 1.354 for soya bean oil. The observed average percentage of oxidation quenching in the oils by the extracts were as follows: olive oil 49.7 %, soya bean oil 48%, melon seed oil 44.1%, pear pulp oil 43.4%, palm kernel oil 26.4% and palm oil 25.6%. On the other hand, the mean quenching values for the extracts were red pepper 48.1%, onion 41.6% and carrot 29.4%. Generally, the peroxide values of the photoxidized reaction mixtures with added extracts were lower than those without the extracts. The highest oxidation inhibition was shown by with the red pepper extract.
Organization of actin, myosin, and intermediate filaments in the brush border of intestinal epithelial cells

Terminal webs prepared from mouse intestinal epithelial cells were examined by the quick-freeze, deep-etch, and rotary-replication method. The microvilli of these cells contain actin filaments that extend into the terminal web in compact bundles. Within the terminal web these bundles remain compact; few filaments are separated from the bundles and fewer still bend towards the lateral margins of the cell. Decoration with subfragment 1 (S1) of myosin confirmed that relatively few actin filaments travel horizontally in the web. Instead, between actin bundles there are complicated networks of the fibrils. Here we present two lines of evidence which suggest that myosin is one of the major cross-linkers in the terminal web. First, when brush borders are exposed to 1 mM ATP in 0.3 M KCl, they lose their normal ability to bind antimyosin antibodies as judged by immunofluorescence, and they lose the thin fibrils normally found in deep-etch replicas. Correspondingly, myosin is released into the supernatant as judged by SDS gel electrophoresis. Second, electron microscope immunocytochemistry with antimyosin antibodies followed by ferritin- conjugated second antibodies leads to ferritin deposition mainly on the fibrils at the basal part of rootlets. Deep-etching also reveals that the actin filament bundles are connected to intermediate filaments by another population of cross-linkers that are not extracted by ATP in 0.3 M KCl. From these results we conclude that myosin in the intestinal cell may not only be involved in a short range sliding-filament type of motility, but may also play a purely structural role as a long range cross-linker between microvillar rootlets.
Fodrin: axonally transported polypeptides associated with the internal periphery of many cells

Fodrin (formerly designated 26 and 27) comprises two polypeptides (250,000 and 240,000 mol wt) that are axonally transported at a maximum time-averaged velocity of 40 mm/d--slower than the most rapidly moving axonally transported proteins, but faster than at least three additional groups of proteins. In this communication, we report the intracellular distribution of fodrin. Fodrin was purified from guinea pig brain, and a specific antifodrin antibody was produced in rabbit and used to localize fodrin in tissue sections and cultured cells by means of indirect immunofluorescence. Fodrin antigens were highly concentrated in the cortical cytoplasm of neurons and also nonneuronal tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle, uterus, intestinal epithelium). Their disposition resembles a lining of the cell: hence, the designation fodrin (from Greek fodros, lining). In cultured fibroblasts, immunofluorescently labeled fodrin antigens were arranged in parallel arrays of bands in the plane of the plasma membrane, possibly reflecting an exclusion of labeled fodrin from some areas occupied by stress fibers. The distribution of fodrin antigens in mouse 3T3 cells transformed with simian virus 40 was more diffuse, indicating that the disposition of fodrin is responsive to altered physiological states of the cell. When mixtures of fodrin and F-actin were centrifuged, fodrin cosedimented with the actin, indicating that these proteins interact in vitro. We conclude that fodrin is a specific component of the cortical cytoplasm of many cells and consider the possibilities: (a) that fodrin may be indirectly attached to the plasma membrane via cortical actin filaments; (b) that fodrin may be mobile within the cortical cytoplasm and that, in axons, a cortical lining may be in constant motion relative to the internal cytoplasm; and (c) that fodrin could serve to link other proteins and organelles to a submembrane force-generating system.