Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Stepwise Approach Towards an Interoperable and Flexible Logging Principle for Audit Trails

Although event recording on a computer system (also known as logging) is of utmost importance for reconstructing and detecting security relevant events, currently no adequate and sophisticated solution for complex environments, such as Grid and Cloud Computing, exist. Current LOG file formats lack of several important factors, hindering automatic evaluation needed for distributed systems to comply with laws and regulations or hindering detection of security breaches. In this paper we present a new concept utilizing XML technology to solve mentioned problems of current LOG file formats and describe the benefits of this new idea resulting in a flexible, interoperable LOG environment enabling automatic evaluation even in locally dispersed computing systems. As a result reliable, robust and consistent LOG files are produced allowing for automatic evaluation.
Context, Social Construction, and Statistics: Regression, Social Science, and Human Geography

In response to a paper by T J Barnes, published in 1998, the author accepts the same social-constructivist perspective, but argues that the structure of regression was not excessively constrained by its biometric origins. The history of regression and its use in the social sciences is examined, and the author argues that any assessment of regression in human geography must be set against this wider context.
Dialogical Inquiry

After examining the main principles and historical origins of Edgar Schein's clinical inquiry, this article introduces dialogical inquiry, an extension of clinical inquiry. Following clinical inquiry's main principles, dialogical inquiry adopts a dialogue over videotaped segments of behavior as its main tool. The goals of dialogical inquiry are (a) to raise participants' awareness about how they interpret work situations in the moment, so that they can increase their effectiveness and (b) to allow the researcher to build actionable academic knowledge. The process of dialogical inquiry has four phases: (a) a life interview with the participant, (b) shadowing and filming the participant in action in the work environment, (c) selecting episodes from the videotaped shadowing for discussion, and (d) a discussion with the participant about these episodes. Like clinical inquiry, and more generally action research, dialogical inquiry is intended to be a method that can help fill the gap between theory and practice.
Methods for siting emergency stomas in the absence of a stoma therapist.

INTRODUCTION Stomas often have to be sited in emergencies by trainees who may have had little training in this. Emergency stomas and stomas where the site has not been marked preoperatively by a stoma therapist are more prone to complications. These complications may severely affect a patient's quality of life. Advice in the literature on how to best site stomas is conflicting. We compared two easy anatomical methods of siting stomas to sites chosen by a stoma therapist and looked at how this site was affected by the patients' body mass index (BMI). METHODS Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery were seen either pre or postoperatively. Each patient's BMI was recorded and the positions of three different potential stoma positions (site G: the gold standard, marked by a stoma therapist; site S: marked using a pair of scissors against the umbilicus; site H: halfway between the umbilicus and anterior superior iliac spine) were compared. RESULTS The two fixed anatomical methods described (method S and method H) both gave poor results. The most common reason for poor siting was the proximity of a skin crease. There was a statistically significant correlation between the patient's BMI and the laterality of the gold standard site. CONCLUSIONS The two simple anatomical methods described here do not provide a shortcut to effective siting. A more effective method may be calculating the laterality of the site using the patient's BMI, and then moving up/down to avoid a skin crease and improve the patient's view for changing the bag. This deserves further study.
Celecoxib effectively treats patients with acute shoulder tendinitis/bursitis.

OBJECTIVE Shoulder tendinitis and subacromial bursitis are acute, painful inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions that may recur as a result of overuse. We investigated the efficacy of celecoxib in managing patients with acute shoulder tendinitis/bursitis. METHODS In this double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group study, patients with acute onset shoulder tendinitis and/or subacromial bursitis were randomized to receive one of: celecoxib 400 mg followed by 200 mg bid, naproxen 500 mg bid, or placebo bid for 14 days. The primary measure of efficacy was the mean reduction in Maximum Pain Intensity at Rest, measured using a 100 mm visual analog scale, from baseline to Days 7 and 14. RESULTS Of the 306 patients randomized to treatment, 254 completed the study. On Day 7, the mean reduction from baseline in Maximum Pain Intensity at Rest was significantly greater in the celecoxib group compared with the placebo group (-27.7 +/- 2.75 mm vs -18.4 +/- 2.63 mm, respectively; p < 0.05). Similarly, on Day 14, the mean reduction from baseline in Maximum Pain Intensity at Rest was greater in the celecoxib group compared with placebo (-35.0 +/- 3.06 mm vs -25.0 +/- 3.05 mm; p < 0.05). The mean reduction from baseline in Maximum Pain Intensity at Rest was also greater in the naproxen group compared with the placebo group at Day 7 (-26.4 +/- 2.70 mm vs -18.4 +/- 2.63 mm; p < 0.05), but not on Day 14. Secondary measures of efficacy also showed treatment with celecoxib to be significantly better than placebo treatment and similar to treatment with naproxen. In addition, celecoxib was well tolerated in these patients. CONCLUSION Celecoxib showed comparable efficacy to naproxen in relieving the pain of patients with acute shoulder tendinitis and/or subacromial bursitis.
Bioinformatics Analysis of Proteome Changes in Calu-3 Cell Infected by Influenza A Virus (H5N1)

Aim: This paper aimed to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in Calu-3 cells infected by influenza A virus (IAV) subtype H5N1. Methods: We downloaded proteome data (BTO: 0000762) from the Proteomics Identifications database and identified the DEPs in the IAV-infected Calu-3 cells. Then we constructed a protein-protein interaction network and a transcriptional regulatory network of the proteins. Finally, we performed gene ontology (GO) analysis to study the IAV infection at a functional level. Results: A total of 4 protein groups between the normal cells and the Calu-3 cells infected by IAV, severe acute respiratory syndrome or swine influenza were identified. In the networks, we found 5 significant proteins including FAN, CPSF2, AGO1, AGO2 and PAX5. In addition, we demonstrated those proteins were associated with GO terms such as phosphate metabolic process, calcium ion transport, cell division and regulation of cell motion. STAT1, NS2, CD5, NCKX6 and PDGFB were significant DEPs in these GO terms. Conclusions: By referring to the previous studies, we suggest that proteins including FAN, CPSF2, AGO1, AGO2, PAX5, STAT1 and PDGFB can be used as therapeutic targets of IAV infection.
Distributing positive leadership

The concept of distributed leadership is widely used, but the ways whereby it becomes positive when distributed from the principal through the school counselor, still call for further clarification. The present study aims to illuminate this subject by analyzing the work of the principal and the counselors in five successful Israeli schools. Using an instrumental multi-case study method, it was found that the main distribution practice was team counseling, a counselor-led practice wherein at any time a student’s need arises, the counselor forms an ad hoc team to work together until the problem is solved, at which time the team is disbanded. By working within the school’s structure, respecting participants’ trust and expertise, and enabling information flow, the principal and the counselor facilitate distribution of positive leadership for the benefit of students and the school. Further theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Expediting the Institutional Review Board Process for Exercise Protocols

All researchers who use human participants in their study must obtain permission from their appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB). Once the IRB application enters the review process, a decision is made regarding the type of review it should receive: Level I administrative (exempt), Level II subcommittee (expedited), or Level III full board review. Typically, the time between application submission and receipt of IRB approval is extended as the level increases from administrative to full board review. This occurs because each successive level requires approval from more IRB members. These time intervals vary across academic institutions and can cause researcher frustration. The purpose of this article is to provide suggestions on how researchers may help “expedite” the IRB review process if they have had difficulty getting exercise protocols reviewed efficiently at the most appropriate level. We do not discuss Level I review, as all research that involves physically active participants receives either Level II expedited or Level III full board review. The suggestions fall into three main categories: IRB membership, application and consent form documents, and guideline development.
Esophageal Injury From Thoracic Pedicle Screw Placement in a Polytrauma Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review

The authors present a case report illustrating a visceral complication that may occur as result of thoracic pedicle screw placement. The case describes the previously unreported occurrence of esophageal impingement secondary to anterior vertebral body perforation by a pedicle screw at the third thoracic vertebra. This case highlights the challenge of thoracic pedicle screw placement and the importance of preoperatively measuring the maximum anterior–posterior dimension of the vertebral body.
A New Estimation Scheme for the Effective Number of Users in Internet Congestion Control

Many congestion control protocols have been recently proposed in order to alleviate the problems encountered by TCP in high-speed networks and wireless links. Protocols utilizing an architecture that is in the same spirit as the ABR service in ATM networks require estimates of the effective number of users utilizing each link in the network to maintain stability in the presence of delays. In this paper, we propose a novel estimation algorithm that is based on online parameter identification techniques and is shown through analysis and simulations to converge to the effective number of users utilizing each link. The algorithm does not require maintenance of per-flow states within the network or additional fields in the packet header, and it is shown to outperform previous proposals that were based on pointwise division in time. The estimation scheme is designed independently from the control functions of the protocols and is thus universal in the sense that it operates effectively in a number of congestion control protocols. It can thus be successfully used in the design of new congestion control protocols. In this paper, to illustrate its universality, we use the proposed estimation scheme to design a representative set of Internet congestion control protocols. Using simulations, we demonstrate that these protocols satisfy key design requirements. They guide the network to a stable equilibrium that is characterized by high network utilization, small queue sizes, and max-min fairness. In addition, they are scalable with respect to changing bandwidths, delays, and number of users, and they generate smooth responses that converge quickly to the desired equilibrium.
Contributions à la localisation adaptative de zones informatives sur des images de documents. (Contributions to adaptive field spotting in document images)

Nous presentons dans cette these nos contributions pour la localisation automatique d'informations dans des images de documents en couleur. Notre objectif est de proposer une solution qui permet de localiser automatiquement une information, prealablement definie par un utilisateur sur un document modele, dans un flux entrant de documents de la meme categorie. Les documents etant susceptibles de provenir de differentes sources de numerisation dont nous ignorons les caracteristiques, nous proposons de caracteriser l'information cible par un positionnement relatif, invariant aux translations et aux changements d'echelle. Le modele propose dans ce cadre repose sur un graphe d'adjacence de regions qui decrit l'agencement d'ancres de reperage extraites du document. Le graphe obtenu permet a la fois de decrire l'information recherchee mais aussi la structure du document cible, independamment des coordonnees geometriques. Notre seconde contribution est une formulation lineaire en nombres entiers du probleme de recherche d'isomorphisme de sous-graphes tolerant aux erreurs. La resolution de cette formulation permet d'extraire le sous-graphe correspondant a l'information recherchee dans le document cible. Enfin, notre troisieme contribution concerne l'optimisation des parametres d'une chaine de traitement pour ameliorer la performance de la localisation de l'information. L'approche proposee, qui repose sur un algorithme evolutionnaire, permet au systeme de s'adapter automatiquement a la classe de document traitee.
Focused web crawler with revisit policy

Focused crawlers aim to search only the subset of the web related to a specific topic, and offer a potential solution to the problem. The major problem is how to retrieve the maximal set of relevant and quality pages. In this paper, We propose an architecture that concentrates more over page selection policy and page revisit policy The three-step algorithm for page refreshment serves the purpose. The first layer contributes to decision of page relevance using two methods. The second layer checks for whether the structure of a web page has been changed or not, the text content has been altered or whether an image is changed. Also a minor variation to the method of prioritizing URLs on the basis of forward link count has been discussed to accommodate the purpose of frequency of update. And finally, the third layer helps to update the URL repository.
Audio-visual speech recognition with a hybrid SVM-HMM system

Traditional speech recognition systems use Gaussian mixture models to obtain the likelihoods of individual phonemes, which are then used as state emission probabilities in hidden Markov models representing the words. In hybrid systems, the Gaussian mixtures are replaced by more discriminant classifiers, leading to an improved performance. Most of the time the classifiers used in such systems are neural networks. Support vector machines have also been used in one-modality audio or visual speech recognition, but never in a multimodal audio-visual system. We propose such a hybrid SVM-HMM speech recognizer, and we show how the multimodal approach leads to better performance than that obtained with any of the two modalities individually.
A Generalized Algorithm for Fast Two-Dimensional Angle Estimation of a Single Source With Uniform Circular Arrays

We reported an algorithm for two-dimensional (2-D) angle estimation of a single source with uniform circular arrays (UCAs) in our previous work. However, it is worth noting that this method is derived based on the assumption that the number of the sensors is even. This may limit its application in practice. To this end, we extend our previous work and propose a generalized algorithm that is applicable to UCAs with the sensor number being even as well as odd. Similar to our previous work, the generalized algorithm offers closed-form estimates of azimuth and elevation angles. Thus, it is computationally efficient. Numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness and good performance of the proposed generalized approach.
Non-Marketability and One-Day Selling Lockup

We extend previous studies on the effect of non-marketability on stock prices, and examine a very unique short-lived repeating non-marketability that lasts for only less than one day in China. Using the equity call warrants that are not subject to this trading constraint as a control, we provide evidence that such a one-day trading lockup prices a stock at a discount to the stock value implied from the warrants. We further show that the discount decreases throughout the trading day and that investors tend to purchase more stocks when the one-day trading lockup becomes less binding toward the market close. The findings suggest that, in line with the liquidity-based asset pricing theories, one channel through which the non-marketability constraint causes the price discount is that the restriction on asset liquidity or marketability may adversely affect investor demand, thus lowering the equilibrium price.
Children's participation and international development: attending to the political

Since the early 1990s participation has grown to become a key notion amongst child-focused international and intergovernmental development organisations. By means of participatory projects such bodies commonly seek to achieve transformation of children's lives. While considerable consideration has been given to the technical, institutional and attitudinal challenges to achievement of this goal, far less attention has been paid to the political context in which such transformation is sought. Drawing upon the emerging critique of (adult) participatory development, this article seeks to illustrate the inherent limitations of child participation resulting from the failure to confront the workings of power associated with capitalist expansion. It argues that societal change leading to the realisation of the rights of impoverished and marginalised children requires greater political will and new forms of alliance amongst international child-focused development organisations.
Birth Certificates as a Source for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Case Ascertainment—Georgia, 1989–1992

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a major cause of preventable mental retardation (1). The development and evaluation of programs for preventing FAS may be enhanced by timely and reliable estimates of the occurrence of this complex birth defect. In 1989, birth certificates were standardized nationally to include check-boxes for reporting FAS and other congenital abnormalities (2). These changes were implemented to improve the potential usefulness of birth certificates for timely and systematic population-based ascertainment of FAS and other abnormal conditions of the newborn (3). To assess the usefulness of birth certificates for surveillance of FAS, the Division of Public Health, Georgia Department of Human Resources (DPH-GDHR), compared information about congenital anomalies from birth certificates to data collected by CDC's Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) during 1989-1992. This report summarizes the results of the assessment of FAS.
Analysis of volatile flavor compounds in top fermented wheat beer by headspace sampling-gas chromatography

Li Huimin, Li Hongjun*, Liu Xiuhua, Chen Bing (School of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China) Abstract: Headspace sampling-gas chromatography (HS-GC) coupled with an internal standard method (ISM) was developed to analyze the volatile flavor compounds in top fermented wheat beer in the laboratory. Eight compounds, i.e. acetaldehyde, N-propanol, ethyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate were separated and quantified. This method was validated to ensure the quality of the results: the precision was satisfactory with relative standard deviation (RSD) in the range of 1.51%-4.22%, recoveries for all the analytes ranged from 95.15% to 99.85%, and the limits of detection were in the range of 0.0002-0.024 mg/L. Results of real wheat beer samples analyzed using this method showed that the volatile compound concentrations were in the range of 0.08-99.91 mg/L. Results suggested that this method exhibited good reproducibility, selectivity and high precision, and it can be useful for the analysis of routine beer samples. Keywords: top fermentation, wheat beer, flavor detection, volatile flavor compounds, headspace sampling-gas chromatography, internal standard method DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe. 20120502.009 Citation: Li H M, Li H J, Liu X H, Chen B. Analysis of volatile flavor compounds in top fermented wheat beer by headspace sampling-gas chromatography. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2012; 5(2): 67
Recursive DNS Architectures and Vulnerability Implications

DNS implementers face numerous choices in architecting DNS resolvers, each with profound implications for security. Absent the use of DNSSEC, there are numerous interim techniques to improve DNS forgery resistance. We explore how different resolver architectures can affect the risk of DNS poisoning. The contributions of this work include: (A) We create a comprehensive, accurate model of DNS poisoning. We show how this model is more sensitive than other previous explanations of DNS poisoning. (B) We further catalog the major architectural choices DNS implementers can make in query management. We note real-world instances where these choices have weakened the security of resolvers, and measure the impact on security using our model. Our study revealed numerous, previously unknown vulnerabilities in common DNS servers.
Can Research Escape the Dogma of Behavioral Objectives?

The slogan "Down with nonbehavioral objectives" has dominated and still dominates educational research in this country. It is taken to mean that the goals of instruction shall be stated in terms that command agreement as to reference by all who use them. Presumably, goals defined in terms of overt behavior are most likely to meet these criteria. However, it seems to me that objectivity rather than behaviorality carries the basic import of the slogan. For, primarily, the motive of the slogan is to exorcise the evils of fuzziness and idiosyncracy from subjective judgments. Accordingly, language behavior (usage) that employs only terms unambiguous in reference, whose total meaning can be made explicit, would also satisfy the intent of the demand for "behavioral objectives. " In this paper I shall so construe the slogan, and my objections will be aimed against the demand for total explicitness as well as against the stricter demand for overt behavioral equivalents of all terms used in educational research.
Nano-G accelerometer using geometric anti-springs

We report an ultra-sensitive seismic accelerometer with nano-g sensitivity, using geometric anti-spring technology. High sensitivity is achieved by an on-chip mechanical preloading system comprising four sets of curved leaf springs that support a proof-mass. Using this preloading mechanism, stiffness reduction up to a factor 26 in the sensing direction has been achieved. This increases the sensitivity to acceleration by the same factor. The stiffness reduction is independent of the proof-mass position, preserving the linear properties of the mechanics and due to its purely mechanical realization, no power is consumed when the accelerometer is in its preloaded state. Equivalent acceleration noise levels below 2ng/√Hz have been demonstrated in a 50 Hz bandwidth, using a capacitive half-bridge read-out.