Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatially Resolved Properties of the GRB 060505 Host: Implications for the Nature of the Progenitor

GRB 060505 was the first well-observed nearby possible long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) that had no associated supernova. Here we present spatially resolved spectra of the host galaxy of GRB 060505, an Sbc spiral, at redshift z = 0.0889. The GRB occurred inside a star-forming region in the northern spiral arm at 6.5 kpc from the center. From the position of the emission lines, we determine a maximum rotational velocity for the galaxy of v ∼ 212 km s−1, corresponding to a mass of 1.14 × 1011 M☉ within 11 kpc from the center. By fitting single-age spectral synthesis models to the stellar continuum, we derive a very young age for the GRB site, confirmed by photometric and Hα line measurements, of around ~6 Myr, which corresponds to the lifetime of a 32 M☉ star. The metallicity derived from several emission-line measurements varies throughout the galaxy and is lowest at the GRB site. Using the Two Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey we can locate the host galaxy in its large-scale (~Mpc) environment. The galaxy lies in the foreground of a filamentary overdensity, extending southwest from the galaxy cluster Abell 3837 at z = 0.0896. The properties of the GRB site are similar to those found for other long-duration GRB host galaxies with high specific star formation rate and low metallicity, which is an indication that GRB 060505 originated from a young, massive star that died without making a supernova.
Efficient Culling Criteria for Continues Collision Detection Using a FastStatistical Analysis Method

Continuous Collision Detection (CCD) between deforming triangle mesh elements in 3D is significant in many computer and graphics applications, such as virtual surgery, simulation and animation. Although CCD is more accurate than discrete methods, its application is limited mainly due to its time-consuming nature. To accelerate computation, we present an efficient CCD method to perform both inter-object and intra-object collision queries of triangle mesh models. Given a model set of different poses as training data, our method uses Statistic Analysis (SA) to make regression on a deformation subspace and also on collision detection conditions in a pre-processing stage, under a uniform framework. A data-driven training process selects a set of "key points" and produces a credible subspace representation, from which a plug-in type of collision culling certificate can be then obtained by regression process. At runtime, our certificate can be easily added to the classic BVH traversal procedure, as a sufficient condition of collision free cases, providing efficient culling in overlapping test and reducing hierarchy updates frequency. In the end, we describe performance and quality of our method using different experiments.
Robot force/position tracking with guaranteed prescribed performance

A control law is proposed that achieves predefined performance indices regarding the speed of response, the steady state and the allowed overshoot of the robot force/position tracking errors, ensuring no loss of contact of the robot end effector. The controller incorporates a transformed error, which includes the performance indices. The control objective is satisfied under parametric uncertainties in the robot dynamics and the elasticity model constant. Simulation results confirm the theoretical findings and compare the proposed controller with a conventional one.
The influence of care provider access to structural empowerment on individualized care in long-term-care facilities.

OBJECTIVES Implementing management initiatives that enable formal caregivers to provide quality, individualized care to older adults in long-term-care (LTC) facilities is increasingly important given that the number of LTC residents is projected to triple by 2031. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between care provider access to structural empowerment and the provision of individualized care in LTC. METHODS We computed structural equation models separately for registered nurses and licensed practical nurses (n = 242) and care aides (n = 326) to examine the relationship between access to empowerment structures (i.e., informal power, formal power, information, support, resources, opportunity) and the provision of individualized care. We subsequently undertook invariance analyses to determine if the association between empowerment structures and reported provision of individualized care differed between caregiver groups. RESULTS Access to structural empowerment had a statistically significant, positive association with provision of individualized care for both groups. For registered nurses/licensed practical nurses and care aides, empowerment explained 50% and 45% of observed variance in individualized care, respectively. These notable percentages did not differ significantly between caregiver groups. DISCUSSION Of the empowerment structures, support, especially in the form of access to educational opportunities and recognition for a job well done, seems to be particularly significant to care providers. Findings from this study suggest that provision of individualized care in LTC may be enhanced when formal caregivers have appreciable access to empowerment structures.
How we gesture towards machines: an exploratory study of user perceptions of gestural interaction

This paper explores if people perceive and perform touchless gestures differently when communicating with technology vs. with humans. Qualitative reports from a lab study of 10 participants revealed that people perceive differences in the speed of performing gestures, sense of enjoyment, feedback from the communication target. Preliminary analysis of 1200 gesture trials of motion capture data showed that hand shapes were less taut when communicating to technology. These differences provide implications for the design of gestural user interfaces that use symbolic gestures borrowed from human multimodal communication.
Switching behavior of RF-LDMOS for class-F power amplifier in TCAD

Nowadays the characterization of RF devices under large signal is performed in TCAD by using computational load-pull (CLP) simulation technique. In this paper, we modified the CLP simulation technique further to study the switching response of RF-LDMOS transistor for high efficiency switching power amplifier (e.g. class-F). In class-F PA operation, we achieved 85 % power added efficiency (PAE) together with 1.0 W/mm RF power density on the basis of finite harmonics. By this CLP technique, we can study the switching response of intrinsic RF-devices directly under large signal operation prior to fabrication or non-linear model of RF-transistor without including any external lumped matching networks.
Independent Nursing Interventions

OVERVIEW Independent Nursing Interventions Decision-Making Strategies for Choosing Nursing Interventions Resolving Ethical and Moral Dilemmas of Nursing Interventions MOVEMENT AND PROPRIOCEPTIVE INTERVENTIONS Progressive Relaxation Exercise Movement Therapy COGNITIVE INTERVENTIONS Guided Imagery Decisional Control Journal Reminiscence Contracting Meditation Sensation Information SENSORY INTERVENTIONS Therapeutic Touch Music Heat and Cold Massage Environmental Structuring: Timing Biofeedback Tactile Stimulation OTHER INTERVENTIONS Play Groups Humor Index.
A compositional method for reliability analysis of workflows affected by multiple failure modes

We focus on reliability analysis for systems designed as workflow based compositions of components. Components are characterized by their failure profiles, which take into account possible multiple failure modes. A compositional calculus is provided to evaluate the failure profile of a composite system, given failure profiles of the components. The calculus is described as a syntax-driven procedure that synthesizes a workflow's failure profile. The method is viewed as a design-time aid that can help software engineers reason about system's reliability in the early stage of development. A simple case study is presented to illustrate the proposed approach.
Mathematical modeling of flexible beam- A comparative study

In this paper, the complete development and analysis of two approaches on mathematical modeling of flexible beam are presented. The mathematical modeling of flexible beam is done using Euler Newton method combined with Assumed Mode Method (AMM) as well as Lagrangian technique in conjunction with AMM. The first model is derived based on Timoschenko beam theory whereas second model is based on Euler Bernoulli beam theory. A bang-bang torque is applied as an input and the dynamic response of the system is investigated. A comparative assessment is presented for validation of the models characterizing the manipulator system, in both time and frequency domain. Performances of the models were evaluated with the manipulator theoretical natural frequencies obtained analytically. The proposed study can be used for the design and development of model based controllers in future.
Optimal Observations for Variational Data Assimilation

Abstract An important part of ocean state estimation is the design of an observing system that allows for the efficient study of climate related questions in the ocean. A solution to the design problem is presented here in terms of optimal observations that emerge as singular vectors of the modified data resolution matrix. The actual computation is feasible only for scalar quantities and in the limit of large observational errors. Identical twin experiments performed in the framework of a 1° North Atlantic primitive equation model demonstrate that such optimal observations, when applied to determining the heat transport across the Greenland–Scotland ridge, perform significantly better than traditional section data. On seasonal to interannual time scales, optimal observations are located primarily along the continental shelf and information about heat transport, wind stress, and stratification is being communicated through boundary waves and advective processes. On time scales of about 1 month, sea surface.
Logical Reliability of Interacting Real-Time Tasks

We propose the notion of logical reliability for real-time program tasks that interact through periodically updated program variables. We describe a reliability analysis that checks if the given short-term (e.g., single-period) reliability of a program variable update in an implementation is sufficient to meet the logical reliability requirement (of the program variable) in the long run. We then present a notion of design by refinement where a task can be refined by another task that writes to program variables with less logical reliability. The resulting analysis can be combined with an incremental schedulability analysis for interacting real-time tasks proposed earlier for the Hierarchical Timing Language (HTL), a coordination language for distributed real-time systems. We implemented a logical-reliability- enhanced prototype of the compiler and runtime infrastructure for HTL.
Rapid Development of a French – English Transfer System

A key concern in building transfer or rule-based machine translation (MT) systems is the amount of human labor that must be spent writing the necessary bilingual lexicon and transfer grammar. Well-known rulebased systems from past decades (e.g. Systran) were constructed manually over a period of several years, but more recent progress and development has put more emphasis on data-driven statistical techniques. Therefore, an interesting current avenue of research is to explore to what point automatic tools and a more learning-based approach can be used in the development process of a rule-based engine to make system prototyping faster. The AVENUE project, for example, is based on a “stat-transfer” framework, as described by Peterson (2002), that combines a traditional rule-based transfer MT system with a statistical decoder. Bilingual lexical entries and a transfer grammar with feature unification constraints are applied to the source-language input, and target-language output is synchronously generated as the source is parsed. Possible translations for each parsed structure are stored in a lattice. The final lattice for a sentence is passed to a decoder, which selects the best path through the lattice based on statistical language model probabilities and other parameters. The framework also allows definition of both lexical and rule probabilities, which will also be taken into account as decoding parameters. Researchers have also considered focusing their development efforts on “subtasks” within MT in the hopes of getting the best results from a reduced amount of labor. There is evidence that the correct translation of noun phrases (NPs) is of particular importance for the success of an overall MT system, and that the subtask of NP translation generalizes well across languages. In a German–English corpus of 100 sentences taken from the proceedings of the European Parliament, Koehn (2003) found that 122 of 168 German NPs had English translations that were also NPs, and furthermore that 164 of the 168 (97.6 percent) could be translated as English NPs in acceptable translations of the same sentences. A similar situation was found for Portugese–English and Chinese–English (Koehn and Knight, 2003). The goal of this project is to invesitage both of these research directions: the introduction of statistical techniques in a rule-based engine, and the importance of noun phrase translation. To address the first, this project will take advantage of the AVENUE framework and other automatic or statistical MT tools to quickly develop a broad-coverage and high-quality French-to-English transfer system with a minimal amount of manual labor. For the second, the usefulness of noun phrase translation as a subtask in system development to improve overall translation quality will also be explored.
AtomRace: data race and atomicity violation detector and healer

The paper proposes a novel algorithm called AtomRace for a dynamic detection of data races. Data races are detected as a special case of atomicity violations on atomic sections specially defined to span just particular read/write instructions and the transfer of control to and from them. A key ingredient allowing AtomRace to efficiently detect races on such short atomic sections is a use of techniques for a careful injection of noise into the scheduling of the monitored programs. The approach is very simple, fully automated, avoids false alarms, and allows for a lower overhead and better scalability than many other existing dynamic data race detection algorithms. We illustrate these facts by a set of experiments with a prototype implementation of AtomRace. Further, AtomRace can also be applied to detect atomicity violations on more general atomic sections than those used for the data race detection. They can be defined by the user or obtained by some static analysis.
Spatiotemporal Dynamic Simulation of Acute Perfusion/Diffusion Ischemic Stroke Lesions Evolution: A Pilot Study Derived from Longitudinal MR Patient Data

The spatiotemporal evolution of stroke lesions, from acute injury to final tissue damage, is complex. Diffusion-weighted (DWI) and perfusion-weighted (PWI) imaging is commonly used to detect early ischemic changes and attempts to distinguish between permanently damaged and salvageable tissues. To date, 2D and 3D measures of diffusion/perfusion regions at individual timepoints have been widely used but may underestimate the true lesion spatio-temporal dynamics. Currently there is no spatio-temporal 4D dynamic model that simulates the continuous evolution of ischemic stroke from MR images. We determined whether a 4D current-based diffeomorphic model, developed in the field of statistical modeling for measuring the variability of anatomical surfaces, could estimate patient-specific spatio-temporal continuous evolution for MR PWI (measured as mean transit time, (MTT)) and DWI lesions. In our representative pilot sample, the model fitted the data well. Our dynamic analysis of lesion evolution showed different patterns; for example, some DWI/PWI dynamic changes corresponded with DWI lesion expansion into PWI lesions, but other patterns were much more complex and diverse. There was wide variation in the time when the final tissue damage was reached after stroke for DWI and MTT.
ARF @ MediaEval 2012: An Uninformed Approach to Violence Detection in Hollywood Movies

The MediaEval 2012 Aect Task challenged participants to automatically nd violent scenes in a set of Hollywood movies. We propose to rst predict a set of mid-level concept annotations from low-level visual and auditory features, then fuse the concept predictions and features to detect violent content. Instead of engineering features suitable for the task, we deliberately restrict ourselves to simple generalpurpose features with limited temporal context and a generic neural network classier,
TGF-beta signalling in the adult neurogenic niche promotes stem cell quiescence as well as generation of new neurons

Members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β family govern a wide range of mechanisms in brain development and in the adult, in particular neuronal/glial differentiation and survival, but also cell cycle regulation and neural stem cell maintenance. This clearly created some discrepancies in the field with some studies favouring neuronal differentiation/survival of progenitors and others favouring cell cycle exit and neural stem cell quiescence/maintenance. Here, we provide a unifying hypothesis claiming that through its regulation of neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation, TGF‐β signalling might be responsible for (i) maintaining stem cells in a quiescent stage, and (ii) promoting survival of newly generated neurons and their functional differentiation. Therefore, we performed a detailed histological analysis of TGF‐β1 signalling in the hippocampal neural stem cell niche of a transgenic mouse that was previously generated to express TGF‐β1 under a tetracycline regulatable Ca‐Calmodulin kinase promoter. We also analysed NPC proliferation, quiescence, neuronal survival and differentiation in relation to elevated levels of TGF‐β1 in vitro and in vivo conditions. Finally, we performed a gene expression profiling to identify the targets of TGF‐β1 signalling in adult NPCs. The results demonstrate that TGF‐β1 promotes stem cell quiescence on one side, but also neuronal survival on the other side. Thus, considering the elevated levels of TGF‐β1 in ageing and neurodegenerative diseases, TGF‐β1 signalling presents a molecular target for future interventions in such conditions.
Laboratory science versus country-house experiments. The controversy between Julius Sachs and Charles Darwin

In 1880, Charles Darwin published The Power of Movement in Plants, a heavy volume of nearly six hundred pages in which he presented the results of many years of experiments conducted with his son Francis on the reaction of plants to the influence of light and gravity. His results contradicted the observations and explanations of the same phenomena offered by the German plant physiologist Julius Sachs in his influential Lehrbuch der Botanik (1868, English translation 1875). Darwin wished rather to ‘convert him than any other half-dozen botanies put together’. Sachs, however, regarded Darwin's work with contempt. Taking up the topic in his Vorlesungen über Pflanzenphysiologie in 1882 and taking issue especially with Darwin's experiments on the movement of root radicles in reaction to gravity, he remarked sharply: In such experiments with roots not only is great precaution necessary, but also the experience of years and extensive knowledge of vegetable physiology, to avoid falling into errors, as did Charles Darwin and his son Francis, who, on the basis of experiments which were unskilfully made and improperly explained, came to the conclusion, as wonderful as it was sensational, that the growing point of the root, like the brain of an animal, dominates the various movements in the root.
Global min-cuts in RNC, and other ramifications of a simple min-out algorithm

This paper presents a new algorithm for finding global min-cuts in weighted, undirected graphs. One of the strengths of the algorithm is its extreme simplicity. This randomized algorithm can be implemented as a strongly polynomial sequential algorithm with running time 6(mn2), even if space is restricted to O(n), or can be parallelized as an Zn/C algorithm which runs in time O(log2 n) on a CRCW PRAM with mn2 log n processors. In addition to yielding the best known processor bounds on unweighted graphs, this algorithm provides the first proof that the min-cut problem for weighted undirected graphs is in 7ZAfC. The algorithm does more than find a single mm-cut; it finds all of them. The algorithm also yields numerous results on network reliability, enumeration of cuts, multi-way cuts, and approximate mm-cuts.
Cytokines alter the expression and activity of the multidrug resistance transporters in human hepatoma cell lines; analysis using RT-PCR and cDNA microarrays.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines suppress the hepatic expression of the multidrug resistance transporters in rodents, indicating potential usefulness in chemotherapy. Our objective was to investigate their impact in human hepatoma cells. HuH 7 and HepG2 cells were treated with IL-1beta, IL-6, or TNF-alpha for 0-72 h. Expression and activity of MDR1 and the MRP (MRP1, 2, 3, and 6) transporters were examined by RT-PCR, efflux assays, and microarrays. Significant reductions in the MDR1-mediated efflux of Rhodamine 123 and MDR1 mRNA levels were observed in HuH 7 cells treated with IL-6, TNF-alpha, or IL-1beta and in TNF-alpha-treated HepG2 cells. However, cytokine-treated HuH7 cells also demonstrated 1.6- to 2.6-fold greater efflux of the MRP substrate, 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-CF) and higher MRP3 mRNA levels (p < 0.05). IL-1beta and IL-6 treatments increased MRP activity and MRP1 mRNA levels in HepG2 cells (p < 0.05). Microarrays studies performed in IL-6 and TNF-alpha-treated HepG2 cells detected similar changes in the expression of the MDR1 and MRP transporters, but this did not reach significance. However, the microarrays confirmed cytokine-mediated induction of several acute phase proteins. Our data suggests that although cytokine-mediated suppression of PGP may alter drug resistance in malignant cells, these cytokines may also impose an induction in other multidrug resistance genes.
Self-Determination and Individuals with Severe Disabilities: Re-Examining Meanings and Misinterpretations

Although some progress has been made, the belief that students with severe cognitive and multiple disabilities will not or cannot become self-determined remains a barrier for many such students. This article revisits topics that were identified in Wehmeyer (1998) as contributing to this problem, with a particular focus on definitional issues pertaining to self-determination and control. In light of this discussion, a modified definition of self-determination is proposed and the importance for moving in this direction is discussed.
The Possible Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Diabetic Polyneuropathy

In this review, the authors provide evidences that imply the role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, especially diabetic polyneuropathy. Under chronic hyperglycemia, endogenous TNF-α production is accelerated in microvascular and neural tissues, which may undergo an increased microvascular permeability, hypercoagulability, and nerve damage, thus initiating and promoting the development of characteristic lesions of diabetic microangiopathy and polyneuropathy. Enhanced TNF-α production may also promote atherosclerosis due to increased insulin resistance and the expression of adhesion molecules. Clinical application of specific agents that suppress production and/or activity of TNF-α may inhibit the development and exacerbation of chronic diabetic complications.