Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognition in Practice

How may we conceive of cognition in practice? What kind of thinking and reflection animate the accomplishment of action? These problems are usually settled by an intellectualist argument: to perform an action is mainly to execute decisions, to carry out plans or intentions, or to follow instructions. According to that view, cognition produces action, but it does not take place in the accomplishment of action itself Such an intellectualist view has been taken up again and developed by recent trends in cognitive science. Why focus on such a view? Because, by its systematizing of current assumptions in most of (he theories of action, it makes the conceptual framework of those theories very clear and allows one to see the inconsistencies of its underpinning. The alternative view outlined in this paper is based on an externalist and pragmatic conception of mind. It considers cognition as a social process and reintegrates it into the performance of situated actions. To do so, it grasps performance as a genuine praxis and specifies the thinking and reflection which animate it in relation to the phenomenon of 'embodied agency. '
Selective long-term elimination of natural killer cells in vivo by an anti-interleukin 2 receptor beta chain monoclonal antibody in mice

The interleukin 2 receptor beta chain (IL-2R beta) is preferentially expressed in natural killer (NK) cells, but is not detected in a majority of resting T and B cells. We recently established a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) to murine IL-2R beta and examined in vivo the effect of the mAb in mice. We found that intraperitoneal injection of the anti-IL-2R beta mAb into adult mice resulted in a selective in vivo elimination of splenic NK function in various mouse strains. The reduction of NK cell function is associated with complete disappearance of NK1.1+ cells in C57BL/6 mice. Other lymphocyte subsets in the thymus and spleen were uncompromised. T cell function was not affected by the mAb treatment as judged by allogeneic cytotoxic T cell induction. The single injection of anti-IL-2R beta mAb caused a long-term elimination of splenic NK cells, lasting for at least 5 wk. We also found that NK and/or NK precursor cells become susceptible to the mAb treatment only after birth, suggesting that functional maturation of NK cells in terms of IL-2R beta expression is a later event in the course of NK cell development. The use of the anti-IL-2R beta mAb will be useful in defining the physiological role of NK cells in host defense as well as dissecting their developmental pathway in vivo.
The Association between Risk Factors and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Canada: A Cross-sectional Study Using the 2014 Canadian Community Health Survey

Background: The global prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is expected to increase and the disease is projected to be the third leading cause of death by the year 2020. The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence and determine the risk factors for COPD in Canada. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that uses data from a nationally generalizable survey, the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2014. There were 46,924 respondents aged 35 years or older. Uni- and multi-variate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the risk factors associated with COPD. Results: The overall prevalence of COPD in the surveyed population was 5.69%. Results from multivariate logistic regression showed that COPD was significantly higher among individuals who were 65 years or older (odds ratio [OR] =4.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.69–5.33), current smokers (OR = 5.13; 95% CI: 4.43–5.95), underweight or obese by body mass index ([OR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.38–2.38] and [OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.41–1.77], respectively), with a total personal income of <$20,000 (OR = 3.67; 95% CI: 2.95–4.57,), and some postsecondary education (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.14–1.76). Immigrants were less likely to have COPD compared to Canadian-born respondents (OR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.57–0.79). Conclusions: COPD is a growing and serious public health issue in Canada. The risk factors identified in this study provide useful targets to health promotion and education initiatives, health-care providers, and public health organizations to decrease the prevalence of COPD.
OpenDesign: an open user-configurable project environment for collaborative design and execution on the Internet

OpenDesign is an open user-configurable project environment that supports distributed collaborative design and execution on the Internet. The environment is created by configuring a generic client for a specific project. This is in contrast to an implementation of a project-specific client-server architecture. This paper introduces the OpenDesign environment in the contest of a design process and project-specific tasks. An OpenDesign task is defined as execution of one or more CAD point tools, whereas a task flow is a dependency graph of tasks and/or other task flows. Challenges arise when, within a single project, (1) tasks must be executed on remote hosts under different file systems, (2) data must be accessed, moved, modified, and archived with consistency, (3) tasks and task flows are assigned to more than one designer, and (4) designers are physically dispersed. In collaboration with peer institutions, a number of demo design projects demonstrate the features and the opportunities with the OpenDesign environment.
Hybrid Selection of Language Model Training Data Using Linguistic Information and Perplexity

We explore the selection of training data for language models using perplexity. We introduce three novel models that make use of linguistic information and evaluate them on three different corpora and two languages. In four out of the six scenarios a linguistically motivated method outperforms the purely statistical state-of-theart approach. Finally, a method which combines surface forms and the linguistically motivated methods outperforms the baseline in all the scenarios, selecting data whose perplexity is between 3.49% and 8.17% (depending on the corpus and language) lower than that of the baseline.
Speech parameter generation algorithms for HMM-based speech synthesis

This paper derives a speech parameter generation algorithm for HMM-based speech synthesis, in which the speech parameter sequence is generated from HMMs whose observation vector consists of a spectral parameter vector and its dynamic feature vectors. In the algorithm, we assume that the state sequence (state and mixture sequence for the multi-mixture case) or a part of the state sequence is unobservable (i.e., hidden or latent). As a result, the algorithm iterates the forward-backward algorithm and the parameter generation algorithm for the case where the state sequence is given. Experimental results show that by using the algorithm, we can reproduce clear formant structure from multi-mixture HMMs as compared with that produced from single-mixture HMMs.
A Model of the Influences on Teacher Retention

in teaching is on the decline (Atkin, 1981). If the quality of teachers declines, the quality of education they provide is likely to follow. The retention of highly qualified teachers already in the schools may help offset this trend. Second, those already in teaching have experienced a rapid change in the conditions that describe their workplace. For example, many people entered teaching in the belief that it would allow considerable career mobility (Lortie, 1975), yet with a declining number of students and a surplus of teachers in some parts of the country, many teachers no longer have the mobility they thought they were gaining in their choice of careers. Indeed, teachers believe they have little lateral mobility and less upward mobility than do people in other careers (Lowther & Chapman, 1981). This can lead to dissatisfaction and attrition from the
Construct validity of the special event volunteer motivation scale for Greek volunteers

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the underlying structure of the Special Event Volunteer Motivation Scale (SEVMS; Farrell, Johnston, & Twynam, 1998) in a Greek context. The sample consisted of 272 volunteers from the 2001 Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) Children's Summer Camps. Participants completed a Greek version of the SEVMS. Confirmatory factor analysis procedures indicated that a model with one general factor (i.e., volunteer motivation) and four specific factors (i.e., solidary, purposive, external traditions, commitment) was the most tenable. The model included the 18 best fitting items of the two previous studies using the SEVMS. The results of the present study indicated the importance of reasons specific to this event. Although the Greek version of the scale showed adequate construct validity, there is need for further assessment.
Predicting Protein Post-translational Modifications Using Meta-analysis of Proteome Scale Data Sets*S

Protein post-translational modifications are an important biological regulatory mechanism, and the rate of their discovery using high throughput techniques is rapidly increasingly. To make use of this wealth of sequence data, we introduce a new general strategy designed to predict a variety of post-translational modifications in several organisms. We used the motif-x program to determine phosphorylation motifs in yeast, fly, mouse, and man and lysine acetylation motifs in man. These motifs were then scanned against proteomic sequence data using a newly developed tool called scan-x to globally predict other potential modification sites within these organisms. 10-fold cross-validation was used to determine the sensitivity and minimum specificity for each set of predictions, all of which showed improvement over other available tools for phosphoprediction. New motif discovery is a byproduct of this approach, and the phosphorylation motif analyses provide strong evidence of evolutionary conservation of both known and novel kinase motifs.
Demonstrating cultural competence within health-visiting practice: working with refugee and asylum-seeking families

This qualitative study explored the experiences of health visitors working with refugee and asylumseeking families in central London, and assessed the dimensions of their cultural competency using Quickfall’s model (Quickfall, 2004, 2010). In-depthinterviews were conducted with 14 health visitors. Data were analysed using Framework, a thematicbased analytical ethod. The findings revealed that the health visitors demonstrated aspects of culturally competent care in relation to Quickfall’s five-step model which was developed from the literature specifically for working with asylum applicants within a primary care setting. Shortcomings with regard to demonstrating cultural competence were related to working for an organisation whose work is governed by external factors such as national legislation and policy. In addition, the complexity of the needs of these vulnerable populations and limited resources sometimes compromised the cultural competence of the health visitors. However, they showed many positive examples of how they provided equity, access and non-discriminatory services, health promotion and socially inclusive services.
Attacking the process migration bottleneck

Moving the contents of a large virtual address space stands out as the bottleneck in process migration, dominating all other costs and growing with the size of the program. Copy-on-reference shipment is shown to successfully attack this problem in the Accent distributed computing environment. Logical memory transfers at migration time with individual on-demand page fetches during remote execution allows relocations to occur up to one thousand times faster than with standard techniques. While the amount of allocated memory varies by four orders of magnitude across the processes studied, their transfer times are practically constant. The number of bytes exchanged between machines as a result of migration and remote execution drops by an average of 58% in the representative processes studied, and message-handling costs are cut by over 47% on average. The assumption that processes touch a relatively small part of their memory while executing is shown to be correct, helping to account for these figures. Accent's copy-on-reference facility can be used by any application wishing to take advantage of lazy shipment of data.
A comparative study of methods for phonetic decision-tree state clustering

Phonetic decision trees have been widely used for obtaining robust context-dependent models in HMM-based systems. There are five key issues to consider when constructing phonetic decision trees: the alignment of data with the chosen phone classes; the quality of the modeling of the underlying data; the choice of partitioning method at each node; the goodness-of-split criterion and the method for determining appropriate tree sizes. A popular existing method usesefficient but crude approximate methods for each of these. This paper introduces and evaluates more detailed alternatives to the standard approximations.
Semi Cognitive approach to RTE 6 - Using FrameNet for Semantic Clustering

We present a new system, for recognizing textual entailment, known as Sangyan 1 , which tackles the inherently complex syntactic and semantic ambiguities involved in RTE Task by making use of multiple techniques of text processing. Sangyan employs Syntactic Dependency Tree Match for recognizing syntactic similarity with the aid of an anaphora resolution system, an in-house developed NER system etc. Since syntactic matching techniques cannot map the semantically same but syntactically different constructs, Sangyan utilizes certain heuristics that attempt to bring the different dependency tags together under the umbrella of equivalent semantics. To handle semantic variability, instead of a typical rule based approach, Sangyan uses “FrameNet Frames” and Shalmanesar semantic parser for „Semantic Clustering‟ of words into groups. To improve coverage, we‟ve added many new frames over and above the ones provided by the FrameNet after considerable experimentation over the past RTE data and the RTE6 Development Sets.
Trypanorhynch cestodes of teleost fish from the Persian Gulf, Iran

Abstract A total of 299 fish belonging to ten teleost species were studied in Iranian waters at the north-eastern coast of the Persian Gulf for larval trypanorhynch cestode infection. The following trypanorhynch species were identified: Callitetrarhynchus gracilis Pintner, 1931, Pseudogilquinia thomasi (Palm, 2000), Pterobothrium lesteri Campbell and Beveridge, 1996 and Pseudolacistorhynchus shipleyi (Southwell, 1929). The most abundant parasite was C. gracilis which was isolated from seven teleost species. The highest prevalence (62.9%) and dominance (0.98) were demonstrated for P. thomasi with a maximum intensity of 22 in Indian halibut Psettodes erumei. Collections of P. lesteri and P. shipleyi from the Persian Gulf represent new locality records, thus extending the known range of distribution for both species. Four new host records are established. The recorded combination of trypanorhynch species and the established host range correspond to other regions, such as off the Brazilian coast. In terms of species distribution, the north-western part of the Indian Ocean, together with the Gulf of Bengal and the Indonesian archipelago, share the same species, resulting from connected water bodies. All trypanorhynch species were isolated from the body cavity, except for P. thomasi which was recorded from the musculature of P. erumei. Relatively high intensities of infection in P. erumei may be of public health concern in the region, necessitating the consumption of well-cooked fish products.
Surviving Women’s Learning Experiences From the Tsunami in Aceh

This study investigated surviving women’s learning experiences from the 2004 tsunami in Aceh. Women were the majority of casualties and the most vulnerable after the tsunami. Almost a decade later, we used a conceptual framework of experiential learning, critical reflection, and transformative learning to understand the surviving women’s ways of learning after the disaster. This paper highlights a qualitative study from a larger mixed methods study. Of the larger study’s 450 survey respondents, we interviewed 103 participants using a semi-structured interview protocol for 1 to 1.5 hr. From those participants, this paper highlights 13 women who articulated significant learning during their experience. The findings indicate the women learnt through reflection, talking, and feelings. Furthermore, their learning and reflection on life’s experiences enabled them to strike a balance and lead a better life. This study highlights that learning experiences in a critical life event can eventually result in a person’s changed behavior, attitudes, knowledge, beliefs, or skills.
Context‐Aware Skeletal Shape Deformation

We describe a system for the animation of a skeleton‐controlled articulated object that preserves the fine geometric details of the object skin and conforms to the characteristic shapes of the object specified through a set of examples. The system provides the animator with an intuitive user interface and produces compelling results even when presented with a very small set of examples. In addition it is able to generalize well by extrapolating far beyond the examples.
The Interaction of Politics and Evaluation

AUTHOR’S NOTE: The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and should not be interpreted to reflect either the policies or the opinions of the U.S. General Accounting Office. Politics is variously defined as (1) the science or art of political government, (2) the practice or profession of conducting political affairs, (3) political affairs, (4) political methods or maneuvers, and (5) political principles or opinions. All of these definitions are appropriate for the purposes of this article-evaluators must deal with politics in terms of both the objectives of a given party or group and the means that
ICDAR 2009 Book Structure Extraction Competition

This paper introduces the Book Structure Extraction competition run at ICDAR 2009. The goal of the competition is to evaluate and compare automatic techniques for deriving structure information from digitized books, which could then be used to aid navigation inside the books. More specifically, the task that participants are faced with is to construct hyperlinked tables of contents for a collection of 1,000 digitized books. This paper describes the setup of the competition, the book collection used in the task, and the proposed measures for the evaluation. Results of the evaluation will be presented at the ICDAR 2009 conference and will be published in the INEX 2009 proceedings.
Microdrivers: A New Architecture for Device Drivers

Commodity operating systems achieve good performance by running device drivers in-kernel. Unfortunately, this architecture offers poor fault isolation. This paper introduces microdrivers, which reduce the amount of driver code running in the kernel by splitting driver functionality between a small kernel-mode component and a larger user-mode component. This paper presents the microdriver architecture and techniques to refactor existing device drivers into microdrivers, achieving most of the benefits of user-mode driverswith the performance of kernel-mode drivers. Experiments on a network driver show that 75% of its code can be removed from the kernel without affecting common-case performance.
Revising Perry's Measurement Scale of Public Service Motivation

J. L. Perry (1996) identified a 24-item multidimensional scale to measure public service motivation (PSM). But the measurement scale of PSM is not fully examined. On the basis of Perry's items, S. Kim (in press) produced a 14-item scale of four factors, but the dimension of attraction to policy making (APM) in the second-order model is doubtful. The present study revises the questionable items of the APM dimension into more positive and relevant ones and tests whether the dimension of APM is valid. Two independent samples (n 1 = 690 and n 2 = 498) are used for the scale validation. The statistical analysis applied confirmatory factor analysis using Amos 7.0. The modification process, which generated a 12-item scale for four factors, produced a valid and reliable measure: the test results provided support for convergent validity as well as discriminant validity of the four-factor model, and the reliability coefficients of all subscales were good.
SILÊNCIO E LUTO IMPOSSÍVEL EM FAMÍLIAS DE DESAPARECIDOS POLÍTICOS BRASILEIROS

Taking Brazilian recent political history as a scenario, and starting from the background provided by the theory of generational psychological transmission, the present work discusses questions related to impossible mourning and the silence imposed by "state secrets" to the families of political militants who disappeared during the military regime. In order to illustrate the discussion, two members of two families of missing militants, indicated by the group Torture Never Again, were interviewed. These families still try to fulfill the bumpy memories, which can only be rescued through the temporal inscription of occurrences, through the ritualization of mourning and the knowledge of the circumstances involving the death of their family members, putting and end to an unfinished cycle. The traumatic situations not recognized by society, thus not legitimated, resulted for these families in the incapacity to elaborate and overcome trauma.
Extended user/control plane architectures for tightly coupled LTE/WiGig interworking in millimeter-wave heterogeneous networks

Heterogeneous networks (HetNet) with different radio access technologies have been deployed to support a range of communication services. To manage these HetNets efficiently, some interworking solutions such as MIH (media independent handover), ANQP (access network query protocol) or ANDSF (access network discovery and selection function) have been studied. Recently, the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) based HetNet has been explored to provide multi-gigabits-per-second data rates over short distances in the 60 GHz frequency band. WiGig is one of the available radio access technologies using mm-wave. However, the conventional interworking solutions are not sufficient for the implementation of LTE/WiGig HetNets. Since the coverage area of WiGig is very small due to the high propagation loss of the mm-wave band signal, it is difficult for UEs to perform cell discovery and handover if using conventional LTE/WLAN interworking solutions, which do not support specific techniques of WiGig, such as beamforming and new media access methods. This paper proposes a RAN (radio access network)-level coupled LTE/WiGig interworking architecture and a LTE/WiGig protocol adaptor to process and transfer control signaling and user data traffic. The proposed extended control plane can assist UEs to discover and access mm-wave BSs successfully and support LTE macro cells to jointly control the radio resources of both LTE and WiGig, so as to improve spectrum efficiency. Simulation results show that LTE/WiGig HetNets with the proposed interworking solution can decrease inter-cell handover and improve user throughput significantly.