Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Doppelte Kontingenz und reflexive Anthropologie

Zusammenfassung Innerhalb der Soziologie wird auf zwei anthropologische Annahmen zurückgegriffen, die sich als Antworten auf zwei Fragen verstehen lassen: „Wer ist ein Mensch? “ und „Was ist der Mensch? “ Die Antwort auf die zweite Frage zielt auf eine Wesensbestimmung, die aber immer nur in konkreten sozialen Prozessen erfolgt. Die Antwort auf die Frage danach, wer ein Mensch ist, wird dagegen als bekannt vorausgesetzt. In dem Aufsatz wird der Vorschlag gemacht, auch diese Frage in einer vergleichbaren Weise zu behandeln, wie die nach der Wesensbestimmung. „Mensch“ wäre demnach nicht i.S. des Gattungswesens zu verstehen, sondern muß als Chiffre für „Personsein“ bzw. für Sozialität im Sinne „doppelter Kontingenz“ begriffen werden. Die Antwort auf die Frage, wer in diesem Sinne ein „Mensch“ ist, könnte dann ebenfalls als historisch variabel aufgefaßt werden. Im Zentrum der Argumentation steht eine Neuinterpretation von Plessners Theorie der „exzentrischen Positionalität“, die aufzeigt, daß Plessner das Anliegen der Anthropologie, die Besonderheit des Menschen zu begründen, reflexiv wendet. Auf diese Weise gerät in den Blick, daß Anthropologie nur eine mögliche Form darstellt, den Kreis sozial existierender Individuen zu schließen. Wer ein sozialer Akteur ist, ist eine Frage, deren Antwort nicht von vornherein feststeht, sondern deren Beantwortung empirisch rekonstruiert werden muß.
Myelopoietic enhancing effects of murine macrophage inflammatory proteins 1 and 2 on colony formation in vitro by murine and human bone marrow granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells

Two recently identified and purified murine macrophage inflammatory proteins MIP-1 and MIP-2 were tested in vitro both alone, and in combination with purified recombinant (r) murine (mu) GM-CSF, natural (n)muCSF-1, or rhuman (hu)G-CSF, for effects on mouse marrow CFU-GM, in combination with erythropoietin for effects on mouse marrow BFU-E, and in combination with rhuGM-CSF or rhuG-CSF for effects on human marrow CFU-GM. MIP-1 and MIP-2 did not stimulate, but did enhance by up to threefold, colony formation of mouse CFU-GM co-stimulated by rmuGM-CSF and nmuCSF-1, but not by rhuG-CSF, in the absence or presence of serum. MIP-1 and MIP-2 were maximally active at concentrations greater than or equal to 100 ng/ml and the actions appeared to be initiated during the DNA synthetic portion of the cell cycle. Neither MIP-1 nor MIP-2 at up to 1 microgram/ml had any effect on mouse BFU-E, in the absence or presence of erythropoietin. Both MIP-1 and MIP-2 had direct acting effects on purified mouse CFU-GM. The cloning efficiency of 200 purified cells plated with 50 U muCSF-1 was 82% with and 43% without MIP; the cloning efficiency with 50 U rmuGM-CSF was 65% with and 35% without MIP. MIP effects were not mimicked by bacterial LPS, rhuIL-1 alpha, rhuIL-6, or rmuIL-4, and were neutralized by their respective specific antibodies. MIP-1 and MIP-2 also enhanced endogenously stimulated and rhuGM-CSF-, but not rhuG-CSF-, stimulated colony formation by human marrow CFU-GM. These results demonstrate a new role for MIP-1 and MIP-2 in vitro as myelopoietic enhancing activities for CFU-GM.
Analysis and study of flux weakening performance in fault-tolerant permanent magnet machine

The flux weakening performance of fault - tolerant permanent magnet machines are analyzed and studied in this paper. The fault-tolerant permanent magnet machines have high slot leakage inductance and harmonic leakage inductance inherent in order to run safely. The harmonic leakage inductance and the flux-weakening performance of fault-tolerant permanent magnet machines are studied using winding function and FEA. The analytical results find that the fault - tolerant permanent magnet machines can performance flux-weakening very well in little flux-weakening current and can run in wide speed region, as its high harmonic inductance.
DRONA: A Framework for Safe Distributed Mobile Robotics

Distributed mobile robotics (DMR) involves teams of networked robots navigating in a physical space to achieve tasks in a coordinated fashion. A major challenge in DMR is to program the ensemble of robots with formal guarantees and high assurance of correct operation. To this end, we introduce DRONA, a framework for building reliable DMR applications. This paper makes three central contributions: (1) We present a novel and provably correct decentralized asynchronous motion planner that can perform on-the-fly collision-free planning for dynamically generated tasks. Moreover, the motion planner is the first to take into account the fact that distributed robots may have clocks that are only synchronized up to a tolerance, i.e., they are almost synchronous; (2) We formalize the DMR system as a mixed-synchronous system, and present a sound abstraction-based verification approach for DMR systems, and (3) DRONA provides a state-machine based language for safe event-driven programming of a DMR system and the code generated by the compiler can be executed on platforms such as the robot operating system (ROS). To demonstrate the efficacy of DRONA, we build and verify a priority mail delivery system. Using our abstraction-based verification approach we were able to find, within a few minutes, bugs which could not be found by performing random simulation for several hours. Our verified decentralized motion-planner scales efficiently for large number of robots (upto 128 robots) and workspace sizes (upto a 256x256 grid).
Functional and Anatomical Connectivity Abnormalities in Cognitive Division of Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Schizophrenia

Introduction Current pathophysiological theories of schizophrenia highlight the role of altered brain functional and anatomical connectivity. The cognitive division of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC-cd) is a commonly reported abnormal brain region in schizophrenia for its importance in cognitive control process. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional and anatomical connectivity of ACC-cd and its cognitive and clinical manifestation significance in schizophrenia by using the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods Thirty-three medicated schizophrenics and 30 well-matched health controls were recruited. Region-of-interest (ROI)-based resting-state functional connectivity analysis and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) were performed on 30 patients and 30 controls, and 24 patients and 29 controls, respectively. The Pearson correlation was performed between the imaging measures and the Stroop performance and scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), respectively. Results Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly abnormal in the functional connectivity and its hemispheric asymmetry of the ACC-cd with multiple brain areas, e.g., decreased positive connectivity with the bilateral putamen and caudate, increased negative connectivity with the left posterior cingulated cortex (PCC), increased asymmetry of connectivity strength with the contralateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). The FA of the right anterior cingulum was significantly decreased in patients group (p = 0.014). The abnormal functional and structural connectivity of ACC-cd were correlated with Stroop performance and the severity of the symptoms in patients. Conclusions Our results suggested that the abnormal connectivity of the ACC-cd might play a role in the cognitive impairment and clinical symptoms in schizophrenia.
Dangers in Using the Z Index for Detection of Cheating on Tests

Hynes, Givner, and Patil (1) recently suggested a Z index to be used to statistically test for cheating on a multiple-choice test. It is shown in this work that, although the index may be appropriate for verification of cheating by two previously suspected students, the index should never be used to verify cheating by a single class member when there is no a priori evidence of the identity of the other collaborator. In addition, it is shown that the index should never be used as a screening device to determine whether any cheating has occurred on a test.
Popular support for egalitarian social welfare

This paper provides a set of sufficient conditions under which the preferences of an egalitarian social decision-maker accord with majority voting. We show that an additive and concave utilitarian social evaluation function is consistent with the outcomes of majority voting if we restrict the class of income distributions to those that are symmetric under strictly increasing and concave transformations. A particular example is the lognormal distribution. We confirm that the required symmetry condition is generally accepted using an illustration for a panel of 116 countries. Moreover, the proposed methodology provides the inequality aversion parameter that is useful in practice and shows that median income is a good proxy for social welfare.
Increased resource use associated with catheter-related bloodstream infection in the surgical intensive care unit.

HYPOTHESIS Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in critically ill surgical patients with prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stays is associated with a significant increase in health care resource use. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Surgical ICU at a large tertiary care center. PATIENTS Critically ill surgical patients (N = 260) with projected surgical ICU length of stay greater than 3 days. INTERVENTIONS Central venous catheters were cultured for clinical suspicion of infection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Increases in total hospital cost, ICU cost, hospital days, and ICU days attributable to CRBSI were estimated using multiple linear regression after adjusting for demographic factors and severity of illness (APACHE III [Apache Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III] score). RESULTS The incidence of CRBSI per 1000 catheter-days was 3.6 episodes (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-5.8 episodes). Microbiologic isolates were Gram-positive bacteria in 75%, Gram-negative bacteria in 20%, and yeast in 5%. After adjusting for demographic factors and severity of disease, CRBSI was associated with an increase of $56 167 (95% CI, $11 523-$165 735; P =.001) (in 1998 dollars) in total hospital cost, an increase of $71 443 (95% CI, $11 960-$195 628; P<.001) in ICU cost, a 22-day increase in hospital length of stay, and a 20-day increase in ICU length of stay. CONCLUSIONS For critically ill surgical patients, CRBSI is associated with a profound increase in resource use. Prevention, early diagnosis, and intervention for CRBSI might result in cost savings in this high-risk population.
Surface potentials from the region of the atrioventricular node and their relation to dual pathway electrophysiology.

BACKGROUND Clinical applications of the principles of dual atrioventricular nodal (AVN) electrophysiology in the treatment of AVN reentrant tachycardias rely on empirical findings, such as discontinued conduction curves or the presence of specific catheter-recorded signals. However, neither the shape of the conduction curve nor the surface electrograms have been validated as functionally related to the presence of slow or fast wavefronts. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed in vitro studies using 10 rabbit atrial-AVN preparations. A bipolar roving electrode was used to explore the endocardial surface of the triangle of Koch during programmed electrical stimulation. Microelectrodes were impaled in AVN cells to correlate surface and intracellular responses. In 7 preparations, a specific area near the compact cell region produced surface electrograms that were dissociated in 2 distinct components, with progressive shortening of prematurity. Similar dissociation was demonstrated during Wenckebach periodicity and increased vagal tone. Cellular recordings supported the presence of early ("fast") and late ("slow") wavefronts, with different refractory properties. Although the fast-slow transition was a basis for discontinued propagation, the AVN conduction curves were smooth in the majority of cases. CONCLUSIONS Exploration of the triangle of Koch during programmed pacing reveals the presence of dual-wavefront surface potentials. Clinical confirmation of these AVN potentials could provide a new, sensitive tool in defining dual AVN electrophysiology.
Aids for Dyslexia are Important Supporters of Life and Learning – Experiences of Finnish People with Dyslexia

The purpose of this study was to analyze the availability and usability of aids for dyslexia according to the experiences of people with dyslexia. This was a qualitative study in which people with dyslexia were asked to participate by filling out a qualitative survey. The analysis followed the principles of qualitative content analysis method. Participants (N=11) were 15-65-year-old Finnish people with diagnosed dyslexia who use aids for dyslexia regularly. The purpose of this study was to answer the following research questions: (1) How do the people with dyslexia describe the importance of the aids for dyslexia in their everyday life and learning? ; (2) Which aids for dyslexia do the people with dyslexia consider the most usable and beneficial? ; and (3) What challenges have the people with dyslexia faced when using aids for dyslexia? According to the findings, aids for dyslexia were considered irreplaceably important and supported everyday life in numerous ways. The participants reported that they used aids in many areas of life, such as in school, work, and leisure. The most usable aids were computers (especially word processing soft wares), tablets, and smart phones. Most of the participants had used one or more of them. The biggest challenges were the expensiveness of aids and difficulties in learning to use aids. As the knowledge about dyslexia and number of diagnoses increase, new studies on the possible aids and their developmental needs are required. Versatile aids can provide personal help and support the coping of people with dyslexia in many areas of life. Furthermore, the study showed that, based on the participants’ experiences, more attention should be paid on the product development of aids for dyslexia in the future.
Neuronal Cell Death Is Preceded by Cell Cycle Events at All Stages of Alzheimer's Disease

Cell cycle events play a major role in the loss of neurons in advanced Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is currently unknown, however, whether the same is true for the neuronal losses in early disease stages. To explore this issue we analyzed brain autopsy material from individuals clinically categorized with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), many if not most of whom will progress to AD. Immunocytochemistry for three cell cycle-related proteins, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D, and cyclin B, was performed on sections from hippocampus, basal nucleus of Meynert, and entorhinal cortex. The results obtained from MCI cases were compared with material from individuals diagnosed with AD and those without cognitive impairment. In both hippocampus and basal nucleus, there was a significant percentage of cell cycle immunopositive neurons in the MCI cases. These percentages were similar to those found in the AD cases but significantly higher than non-cognitively impaired controls. In entorhinal cortex, the density of cell cycle-positive neurons was greater in MCI than in AD. However, we observed large variations in the percentages of immunopositive neurons from individual to individual. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that both the mechanism of cell loss (a cell cycle-induced death) and the rate of cell loss (a slow atrophy over several months) are identical at all stages of the AD disease process. The implication of the findings for human clinical trials is discussed.
Improving content delivery using provider-aided distance information

Content delivery systems constitute a major portion of today's Internet traffic. While they are a good source of revenue for Internet Service Providers (ISPs), the huge volume of content delivery traffic also poses a significant burden and traffic engineering challenge for the ISP. The difficulty is due to the immense volume of transfers, while the traffic engineering challenge stems from the fact that most content delivery systems themselves utilize a distributed infrastructure. They perform their own traffic flow optimization and realize this using the DNS system. While content delivery systems may, to some extent, consider the user's performance within their optimization criteria, they currently have no incentive to consider any of the ISP's constraints. As a consequence, the ISP has ``lost control'' over a major part of its traffic. To overcome this impairment, we propose a solution where the ISP offers a Provider-aided Distance Information System (PaDIS). PaDIS uses information available only to the ISP to rank any client-host pair based on distance information, such as delay, bandwidth or number of hops. In this paper we show that the applicability of the system is significant. More than 70% of the HTTP traffic of a major European ISP can be accessed via multiple different locations. Moreover, we show that deploying PaDIS is not only beneficial to ISPs, but also to users. Experiments with different content providers show that improvements in download times of up to a factor of four are possible. Furthermore, we describe a high performance implementation of PaDIS and show how it can be deployed within an ISP.
POSTER: (Semi)-Supervised Machine Learning Approaches for Network Security in High-Dimensional Network Data

Network security represents a keystone to ISPs, who need to cope with an increasing number of network attacks that put the network's integrity at risk. The high-dimensionality of network data provided by current network monitoring systems opens the door to the massive application of machine learning approaches to improve the detection and classification of network attacks. In this paper we devise a novel attacks detection and classification technique based on semi-supervised Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to automatically detect and diagnose network attacks with minimal training, and compare its performance to that achieved by other well-known supervised learning detectors. The proposed solution is evaluated using real network measurements coming from the WIDE backbone network, using the well-known MAWILab dataset for attacks labeling.
Oral lesions in elderly population: a biopsy survey using 2250 histopathological records.

OBJECTIVE To perform an oral biopsy survey focused on the incidence of oral lesions in Brazilian elderly patients. METHODS A total of 17 329 oral biopsy records were analysed and divided into two age groups: elderly patients, > or =60 years old; and non-elderly patients, <60 years old. Information about sex, race, age and histopathological diagnosis (categorised in non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions) was collected. Differences of diagnosis incidence were tested by comparison between two proportions (binomial test). RESULTS The incidence of epithelial malignant neoplasms and pre-malignant lesions in the elderly group was higher than non-elderly group, as well as autoimmune diseases and salivary gland tumours. The three most prevalent lesions in the elderly group were inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, squamous cell carcinoma, and fibroma. CONCLUSION The distribution of oral diseases using biopsies allows greater accuracy in data about oral health of elderly patients, especially when considering malignant and pre-malignant lesions.
A 2D-3D integrated environment for cooperative work

This paper proposes a novel tabletop display system for natural communication and flexible information sharing. The proposed system is specifically designed for integration of 2D and 3D user interfaces, using a multi-user stereoscopic display, IllusionHole. The proposed system takes awareness into consideration and provides both 2D and 3D information and user interfaces. On the display, a number of standard Windows desktop environments are provided as personal workspaces, as well as a shared workspace with a dedicated graphical user interface. In personal workspaces, users can simultaneously access existing applications and data, and exchange information between personal and shared workspaces. In this way, the proposed system can seamlessly integrate personal, shared, 2D and 3D workspaces with conventional user interfaces and effectively support communication and information sharing. To demonstrate capabilities of the proposed display system, a modeling application has been implemented. A preliminary experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the system.
Parameters estimation of random sequence in the stochastic calculating devices

In this article we introduce the concept of probabilistic binary element provides requirements, which ensure compliance with the criterion of "uniformity" in the implementation of the basic physical generators uniformly distributed random number sequences. Based on these studies, we obtained an analytic relation between the parameters of the binary sequence and parameters of a numerical sequence with the shift register output.
x.ent: R Package for Entities and Relations Extraction based on Unsupervised Learning and Document Structure

Relation extraction with accurate precision is still a challenge when processing full text databases. We propose an approach based on cooccurrence analysis in each document for which we used document organization to improve accuracy of relation extraction. This approach is implemented in a R package called \emph{x.ent}. Another facet of extraction relies on use of extracted relation into a querying system for expert end-users. Two datasets had been used. One of them gets interest from specialists of epidemiology in plant health. For this dataset usage is dedicated to plant-disease exploration through agricultural information news. An open-data platform exploits exports from \emph{x.ent} and is publicly available.
Determining task optimal modular robot assembly configurations

A "modular" robotic system consists of standardized joint and link units that can be assembled into a number of different kinematic configurations. Given a predetermined set of modules, this paper considers the problem of finding an "optimal" module assembly configuration for a specific task. The authors formulate the solution as a discrete optimization procedure. The formulation is based on an assembly incidence matrix representation of a modular robot and a general task-oriented objective function that can incorporate many realistic task criteria. Genetic algorithms (GA) are employed to solve this optimization problem, and a canonical method to represent a modular assembly in terms of genetic strings is introduced. An example involving a 3-DOF manipulator configuration is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.
Archaeal Ubiquitin-Like Proteins: Functional Versatility and Putative Ancestral Involvement in tRNA Modification Revealed by Comparative Genomic Analysis

The recent discovery of protein modification by SAMPs, ubiquitin-like (Ubl) proteins from the archaeon Haloferax volcanii, prompted a comprehensive comparative-genomic analysis of archaeal Ubl protein genes and the genes for enzymes thought to be functionally associated with Ubl proteins. This analysis showed that most archaea encode members of two major groups of Ubl proteins with the β-grasp fold, the ThiS and MoaD families, and indicated that the ThiS family genes are rarely linked to genes for thiamine or Mo/W cofactor metabolism enzymes but instead are most often associated with genes for enzymes of tRNA modification. Therefore it is hypothesized that the ancestral function of the archaeal Ubl proteins is sulfur insertion into modified nucleotides in tRNAs, an activity analogous to that of the URM1 protein in eukaryotes. Together with additional, previously described genomic associations, these findings indicate that systems for protein quality control operating at different levels, including tRNA modification that controls translation fidelity, protein ubiquitination that regulates protein degradation, and, possibly, mRNA degradation by the exosome, are functionally and evolutionarily linked.