Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting JitterBug covert timing channel with sparse embedding

As the detection methods of covert channels can provide a better way to detect the existence of advanced persistent threat, it has become a hot research topic in the field of network security. Although the existing methods can achieve feasible performance for detecting the JitterBug covert timing channel, they are ineffective when the covert timing channels are implemented with sparse embedding, especially for low embedding probability. In this paper, a new method to detect JitterBug covert timing channel with sparse embedding is proposed, in which the timing intervals are first modeled in histogram statistics, and then the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic is used for detection. In addition, the diversifications of the references and the model updating scheme in practical usage are analyzed. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective when the embedding probability is 0.3, while the existing methods can effective only when the embedding probability is larger than 0.6. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of different network analysis strategies on search engine re-ranking

The research described in this paper examined two different approaches to building the co-citation network that the authors have used in re-ranking the set of results returned by a search engine [22, 23]. The more computationally demanding (in terms of query load) Inter- or Web-wide co-citation approach used in-links from throughout the Web to build the network. In contrast, the Intra co-citation approach only used inlinks inferred from search engine output. Results of this study confirmed the authors' previous findings [23] that reordering based on a network-analytic relevance prediction model significantly improves the precision of top 20 results as compared to the Google search engine. The results also showed (for the queries used) that the Intra co-citation approach is significantly better than the Web-wide co-citation approach, in addition to placing fewer querying demands on the search engine.
Effect of standing or walking on physiological changes induced by head down bed rest: implications for spaceflight.

BACKGROUND/HYPOTHESIS To simulate exposure to microgravity and to determine the effectiveness of intermittent exposure to passive and active +1 Gz force (head-to-foot) in preventing head-down bed rest (HDBR) deconditioning, 4 d of 6 degrees HDBR were used. METHODS Volunteers were 9 males, 30-50 yr, who performed periodic standing or controlled walking for 2 or 4 h.d-1 in 15-min bouts, one bout per hour, or remained in a continuous HDBR control condition (0 Gz). RESULTS Standing 4 h (S4) completely prevented, and standing 2 h (S2) partially prevented, decreases in post-HDBR orthostatic tolerance (survival rates with 30 min of upright tilt at 60 degrees). Walking, both 2 h (W2) and 4 h (W4), and S4 attenuated decreases in peak oxygen uptake compared to 0 Gz. Compared to 0 Gz, both S4 and W4 attenuated plasma volume loss during HDBR. Urinary Ca2+ excretion increased over time with HDBR; the quadratic trend for urinary Ca2+, however, was attenuated with W2 and W4. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that various physiological systems benefit differentially from passive +1 Gz or activity in +1 Gz and, in addition to the duration of the stimulus, the number of exposures to postural stimuli may be an important moderating factor.
Biological sulphate reduction using gas‐lift reactors fed with hydrogen and carbon dioxide as energy and carbon source

Feasibility and engineering aspects of biological sulphate reduction in gas‐lift reactors were studied. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide were used as energy and carbon source. Attention was paid to biofilm formation, sulphide toxicity, sulphate conversion rate optimization, and gasliquid mass transfer limitations. Sulphate‐reducing bacteria formed stable biofilms on pumice particles. Biofilm formation was not observed when basalt particles were used. However, use of basalt particles led to the formation of granules of sulphate‐reducing biomass. The sulphate‐reducing bacteria, grown on pumice, easily adapted to free H2S concentrations up to 450 mg/L. Biofilm growth rate then equilibrated biomass loss rate. These high free H2S concentrations caused reversible inhibition rather than acute toxicity. When free H2S concentrations were kept below 450 mg/L, a maximum sulphate conversion rate of 30 g SO42−/L · d could be achieved after only 10 days of operation. Gas‐to‐liquid hydrogen mass transfer capacity of the reactor determined the maximum sulphate conversion rate. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A 45nm Low Cost Low Power Platform by Using Integrated Dual-Stress-Liner Technology

Device performance has been boosted by integrating dual-stress-liners (DSL) in a 45nm low power platform as a cost effective approach. A stress-proximity-technique (SPT) has been explored to improve device performance without adding process complexity. Record drain currents of 840/490 muA/mum have been achieved for NMOS and PMOS, respectively, at 1.2V and off-leakage current of 1nA/mum. Junction profiles have been optimized to reduce the gate-induced-drain-leakage (GIDL). An asymmetric IO has been integrated into this low power technology for the first time, offering multiple advantages including low cost, performance gain up to 30% and reliability improvement as well
In vivo regulation of nitric oxide production by tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon, but not by interleukin-4, during blood stage malaria in mice

We investigated whether gamma interferon (IFN-gamma; a Th1 cytokine), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-4 (IL-4; a Th2 cytokine) modulate nitric oxide (NO) production in vivo during blood stage infection with Plasmodium chabaudi AS. Treatment of resistant C57BL/6 mice, which resolve infection with P. chabaudi AS and produce increased levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and NO early during infection, with anti-IFN- gamma plus anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) resulted in a reduction of both splenic inducible NO synthase mRNA and serum NO3- levels by 50 and 100%, respectively. Treatment with the anti-TNF-alpha MAb alone reduced only serum NO3- levels by 35%, and treatment with the anti-IFN-gamma MAb alone had no effect on NO production by these mice during infection. Susceptible A/J mice, which succumb to infection with P. chabaudi AS and produce increased levels of IL-4 but low levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and NO early during infection, were treated with an anti-IL-4 MAb. The latter treatment had no effect on NO production by this mouse strain during infection. In addition, our results also demonstrate that treatment of resistant C57BL/6 mice with anti-IFN-gamma plus anti-TNF-alpha MAbs affects, in addition to NO production, other traits of resistance to P. chabaudi AS malaria such as the peak level of parasitemia and the development of splenomegaly. Furthermore, the change in spleen weight was shown to be an IFN-gamma-independent effect of TNF-alpha. Treatment of susceptible A/J mice during infection with an anti IL-4 MAb had no effect on these markers of resistance. Thus, these results demonstrate that TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma are critical in the regulation of NO production and other traits of resistance during P. chabaudi AS malaria in C57BL/6 mice. These data also indicate that treatment with an anti-IL-4 antibody alone is not able to induce NO production or confer resistance to A/J mice against P. chabaudi AS malaria.
Aberrant expression of Smad 4 , a TGF-β signaling molecule , in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Although carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been studied by many investigators in the past decade, the available evidence about its molecular mechanism is inconclusive. The objective of the present study was to compare expression of Smad4, a signaling molecule of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway, between OSCC and normal oral mucosa. We assayed expression of Smad4 in OSCC and normal oral mucosa by performing immunohistochemistry using paraffin-embedded tissue samples. We also compared expression of Smad4 protein between OSCC lines and normal oral keratinocytes, using Western blot analysis. Smad4 expression was observed in only 60% of OSCC tissue samples, whereas it was observed in 82% of normal oral mucosa samples. Reduced Smad4 expression was clearly observed in all OSCC lines, compared with normal oral keratinocytes. These findings suggest that aberration of the TGF-β pathway, as indicated by a reduction or absence of Smad4 expression, promotes carcinogenesis of OSCC. (J. Oral Sci. 48, 105-109, 2006)
My child you must have patience and Kreng Jai: Thai parents and child pain.

PURPOSE To elicit the experiences of parents in providing care for their hospitalized child's acute pain needs. DESIGN Phenomenology, using in-depth interviews with 45 parents whose children were being cared for in five hospitals in Northeastern (Isan) Thailand. FINDINGS The findings address Thai cultural beliefs regarding the experience of pain and the role societal expectations have on parental behavior in trying to meet their child's acute pain needs. Two themes emerged-"Understanding my child's pain: it's karma" and "Maintaining Kreng Jai"-which identify parent beliefs toward pain and pain treatment, as well as perceived barriers in securing pain management for their children. Together these two themes describe the essence of this study as parents experienced an "inner struggle in providing pain care. " Pain was perceived as an inescapable part of life, and participants identified a preference for traditional remedies. Parents experienced a tension as they wanted to provide and secure pain care for their child but at the same time were reticent to approach staff with concerns about their child's care. CONCLUSIONS Thai parents viewed pain as a normal consequence of life, and one had to use traditional remedies in addition to medicine to successfully treat pain. Societal behavioral expectations required children to have patience. Nevertheless, parents wanted professionals to show more empathy and provide more effective pain care. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Improvements in pediatric pain care must formally include parents. Culturally sensitive approaches that do not stereotype parents and children are needed to ensure that evidence-informed pain care is available for all children.
Primary research on the viseme system in Standard Chinese

The study of traditional phonetics indicates the shape of lips takes important effect on the articulations of consonants and vowels. [1]. AVSP (Audio-Visual Speech Processing) can improve the naturalness of synthetical speech and recognition rate of the speech recognition system. Especially in computer-synthesized face, the movements of lip-shape play a crucial role. The present research aims to theorize a system of lip-shape variety comparison of the phoneme system of Standard Chinese. A new terminology“viseme system” is given to this system. A small-scale visual speech database was created firstly and the viseme system in Standard Chinese is concluded based on the database and through a series of statistics methods.
No evidence for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR‐3) R248C/S249C mutations in human prostate cancer

Several genetic studies show that specific point mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR-3) are associated with autosomal dominant human skeletal dysplasia and craniosynostosis syndromes (Meyers t al.,1995; Rousseauet al., 1994). Mutations leading to ligand independence prompt constitutive activation of FGFR-3 and show that FGFR-3 acts as a negative regulator of bone growth (Colvin et al.,1996; Deng et al., 1996). Conversely, the same FGFR-3 mutations have been found in multiple melanoma (MM) and in bladder and cervical carcinomas, suggesting that FGFR-3 may act as an oncogenic factor (Cappellen et al.,1999; Chesiet al.,1997). The FGFs have been associated with prostate cancer progression. Stroma–epithelium interactions may be disrupted during prostate cancer tumorigenesis, leading to independent growth of more aggressive epithelial clones in which autocrine expression of FGFs is required (Ropiquet et al., 1999). To investigate whether the FGF autocrine pathway is acquired through FGFR-3 mutation-dependent activation in human prostate cancer, we analyzed the mutational status of the junction (517 bp) between the immunoglobulin-like domains II and III of FGFR-3. This region has been described as the most frequently mutated in bladder and cervical carcinomas, specifically with the missense mutation S249C (Cappellen et al., 1999). We analyzed 20 human prostate tumors from patients undergoing surgery (Table I). The FGFR-3 sequence (517 bp) was amplified using the forward primer 5 9-AGGACGAGGCTGAGGACA-39 and the reverse primer 5 9-CTTGAGCACGGTA ACGTA-39. The PCR product was purified to remove primer imers and excess nucleotides and sequenced using the ABI Prism Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit on the ABI377 sequencer (PE Biosystem). The resulting sequences compared to wild-type sequences using CLUSTAL W. software, version 1.8 (Thompson et al., 1994), revealed no mutations in the subset of tumors analyzed. Capellen and colleagues (1999) reported frequent activating mutations of FGFR-3 in human bladder and cervical carcinomas, with . 30% of cases in the bladder. The S249C mutation was the most common, affecting 5 of 9 bladder cancers and 3 of 3 cervical cancers carrying mutations. We found no evidence for similar mutations in human prostate tumors. From these data, therefore, it appears that FGFR-3 mutations may be restricted to particular types of human malignancy. Additional studies are required on other types of cancer, to determine the exact contribution and distribution of FGFR-3 mutations in human carcinomas. Yours sincerely, Benyoussef N AIMI* , Alain LATIL, Philippe BERTHON, and Olivier CUSSENOT CeRePP-Universite ́ Paris, Paris France UroGène, Génopole, Evry, France Institut d’Anatomie des Saints-Pe `res, Paris, France Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
Syntactic Skeleton-Based Translation

In this paper we propose an approach to modeling syntactically-motivated skeletal structure of source sentence for machine translation. This model allows for application of high-level syntactic transfer rules and low-level non-syntactic rules. It thus involves fully syntactic, non-syntactic, and partially syntactic derivations via a single grammar and decoding paradigm. On large-scale Chinese-English and English-Chinese translation tasks, we obtain an average improvement of +0.9 BLEU across the newswire and web genres.
Validation of oxygen saturation monitoring in neonates.

BACKGROUND Pulse oximetry is commonly used to monitor oxygenation in neonates, but cannot detect variations in hemoglobin. Venous and arterial oxygen saturations are rarely monitored. Few data are available to validate measurements of oxygen saturation in neonates (venous, arterial, or pulse oximetric). Purpose To validate oxygen saturation displayed on clinical monitors against analyses (with correction for fetal hemoglobin) of blood samples from neonates and to present the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve for neonates. METHOD Seventy-eight neonates, 25 to 38 weeks' gestational age, had 660 arterial and 111 venous blood samples collected for analysis. RESULTS The mean difference between oxygen saturation and oxyhemoglobin level was 3% (SD 1.0) in arterial blood and 3% (SD 1.1) in venous blood. The mean difference between arterial oxygen saturation displayed on the monitor and oxyhemoglobin in arterial blood samples was 2% (SD 2.0); between venous oxygen saturation displayed on the monitor and oxyhemoglobin in venous blood samples it was 3% (SD 2.1) and between oxygen saturation as determined by pulse oximetry and oxyhemoglobin in arterial blood samples it was 2.5% (SD 3.1). At a Pao(2) of 50 to 75 mm Hg on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, oxyhemoglobin in arterial blood samples was from 92% to 95%; oxygen saturation was from 95% to 98% in arterial blood samples, from 94% to 97% on the monitor, and from 95% to 97% according to pulse oximetry. CONCLUSIONS The safety limits for pulse oximeters are higher and narrower in neonates (95%-97%) than in adults, and clinical guidelines for neonates may require modification.
Ricolinostat (ACY‐1215) induced inhibition of aggresome formation accelerates carfilzomib‐induced multiple myeloma cell death

Proteasome inhibition induces the accumulation of aggregated misfolded/ubiquitinated proteins in the aggresome; conversely, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibition blocks aggresome formation. Although this rationale has been the basis of proteasome inhibitor (PI) and HDAC6 inhibitor combination studies, the role of disruption of aggresome formation by HDAC6 inhibition has not yet been studied in multiple myeloma (MM). The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of carfilzomib (CFZ) in combination with a selective HDAC6 inhibitor (ricolinostat) in MM cells with respect to the aggresome‐proteolysis pathway. We observed that combination treatment of CFZ with ricolinostat triggered synergistic anti‐MM effects, even in bortezomib‐resistant cells. Immunofluorescent staining showed that CFZ increased the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and protein aggregates in the cytoplasm, as well as the engulfment of aggregated ubiquitinated proteins by autophagosomes, which was blocked by ricolinostat. Electron microscopy imaging showed increased autophagy triggered by CFZ, which was inhibited by the addition of ACY‐1215. Finally, an in vivo mouse xenograft study confirmed a decrease in tumour volume, associated with apoptosis, following treatment with CFZ in combination with ricolinostat. Our results suggest that ricolinostat inhibits aggresome formation, caused by CFZ‐induced inhibition of the proteasome pathway, resulting in enhanced apoptosis in MM cells.
Allocation of the load profiles to consumers using probabilistic neural networks

The new emerged operating conditions in the power sector are forcing the power-market participants to develop new tools. Among them, load profiles are a key issue in retail power markets. For various types of small consumers without quarter-hourly load measurements, determination of typical load profiles (TLPs) could serve as a tool for determining of their load diagrams. Their main function is in billing of consumers who have deviated from their contracted schedules. Moreover, a simple and straightforward method for assigning a TLP to a particular eligible consumer also needs to be established. In this paper, a methodology for allocating consumers' load profiles using probabilistic neural network (PNN) is presented. It is based on the preprocessed measured load profiles (MLPs), using wavelet multiresolution analysis, clustered with a FCM clustering algorithm with an appropriate cluster-validity measure. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the formation procedure for the proposed TLPs.
Notice of RetractionLiaoning Province Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Incidence Prediction Based on ARMA Model

To discuss if it is possible to forecast hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) incidence with time series predictive models, The ARMA model has been established based on the data in Liaoning Province from 1990 to 2001. The ARMA model can be used to forecast HFRS incidence with high predictive precision in the short term . The results have provided theory basis for establishing scientific and effective defending measures.
Grid cells in rat entorhinal cortex encode physical space with independent firing fields and phase precession at the single-trial level

When a rat moves, grid cells in its entorhinal cortex become active in multiple regions of the external world that form a hexagonal lattice. As the animal traverses one such “firing field,” spikes tend to occur at successively earlier theta phases of the local field potential. This phenomenon is called phase precession. Here, we show that spike phases provide 80% more spatial information than spike counts and that they improve position estimates from single neurons down to a few centimeters. To understand what limits the resolution and how variable spike phases are across different field traversals, we analyze spike trains run by run. We find that the multiple firing fields of a grid cell operate as independent elements for encoding physical space. In addition, phase precession is significantly stronger than the pooled-run data suggest. Despite the inherent stochasticity of grid-cell firing, phase precession is therefore a robust phenomenon at the single-trial level, making a theta-phase code for spatial navigation feasible.
Hybridization probe size control: optimized 'oligolabelling'.

DNA hybridization probes can be radiolabelled internally with 32P either by nick-translation (1 2) or by oligonucleotide-priming (oligolabelling, 3-4). The latter method has the advantage that two sources of nuclease activity (DNAse I and 5'-3' exonuclease) are eliminated, allowing greater control over the size of the end product. in a further refinement of the oligolabelling method we have recently discovered that the average size of nascent single-strand rrole DNA is an inverse function of primer concentration: length = k/n P (where P is the primer concentration). In addition, we optimized the oligolabe ling meth&d with respect to pH, enzyme, temperature, DNA, rimer and buffer components. The resulting formulation presented here enables 78-90% incorporation avter a 1 hour reaction) of label into probe with output specific activity as high as 5 X 10 DPM//"g.
Intelligibility and Meaningfulness in Multicultural Literature in English

As new literatures in English emerge all over the world, literature in English is increasingly multicultural, but the criticism of these literatures has not fully come to terms with this multiculturalism. Specifically, a work read across cultures is likely to be at least partially unintelligible to some of its readers, and critics have seen this as a factor necessarily limiting the readership of these works. But intelligibility and meaningfulness are not synonymous. This essay analyzes moments of difficulty in four such multicultural texts, by Narayan, Kingston, Anaya, and Ihimaera, showing on Gricean lines that meaning can be created precisely by the struggle to make sense of the unintelligible. The work done in that process can lead to a deeper understanding of the text, and the reader who must do that work is therefore not excluded from a full understanding.
COLORECTAL CARCINOMA IN PATIENTS LESS THAN 40 YEARS OF AGE : PATHOLOGY AND PROGNOSIS

Clinicopathologic features in 35 patients below the age of 40 years with colorectal carcinoma were reviewed and compared with those of a control group containing 409 patients ranging from 40 to 74 years of age. All cases in this series were experienced at the First Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, during the 18 years from 1970 to 1988. 1) Young patients accounted for 6.7% of all cases with colorectal cancer, and this group included more female patients than in the elderly control group. 2) The young patient group presented with advanced lesions (Dukes' stage C) in 54.3% of cases compared with 35.6% of the old patient group with significantly high incidences of lymph node involvement. There were no significant differences in the hepatic metastasis and peritoneal dissemination among two groups. 3) Mucinous carcinoma and vascular invasion were frequently found on histologic examination in the young group, which suggested the highly malignant potentiality, but no significant difference in DNA ploidy pattern was observed between the young and the control group. 4) Curative resection rates were 71.4% in young and 68.1% in elderly patients. Overall 5-year survival was 56.9%. Five-year survival in 25 patients undergoing potentially curative resection increased to 74.4% with the similar rates of the control group. Improved 5-year survival following potentially curative resection stresses the need for early diagnosis and treatment.