Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Contrastive Lexical Description of Basic Verbs

A Contrastive Lexical Description of Basic Verbs This paper aims at a lexical description of frequent uses of frequent lexical verbs in Swedish on the background of Czech, with some implications for the lexical description of such verb uses verbs in general. It results in a draft of a production lexicon of Swedish frequent verbs for advanced Czech learners of Swedish, with focus on their uses as light verbs. The introductory sections (1 and 2) discuss semantic shifts in highly frequent lexical verbs, whose most literal or ‘primary’ uses express motion, location, or physical control; e.g. stand, put, go, hold. These verbs are called basic verbs, which is a term coined by Viberg (Viberg, 1990) that suggests that they typically denote events belonging to basic level categories described by Lakoff (Lakoff, 1987). The ‘literalness’ of verb uses is judged according to how much they are the ones speakers pick first to illustrate the meaning of that given verb (cognitive salience, a term coined by Hanks in (Hanks, forthcoming). Hanks pointed out an interesting discrepancy between the cognitive salience and the actual frequency of a given verb usage in large corpora. This discrepancy is extremely significant in basic verbs. Some of their uses exhibit such a low cognitive salience, that they are not even noticed by native speakers. This has consequences in second-language acquisition. Foreign learners, even the advanced ones, often lack competence in using the most frequent lexical verbs of the second language in their most frequent patterns. Basic verbs often act as light verbs. Sections 3 to 7 are dedicated to light verbs and light verb constructions. Section 8 discusses the morphosyntactic variability in predicate nouns (i.e. the nominal components of light verb constructions) and their possible semantic impact on the entire light verb construction. Different aspects of polysemy of basic verbs are dealt with by contrasting Swedish examples to Czech in Section 9. Special attention is paid to uses of basic verbs that denote relations between abstract entities. Section 10 focuses on grammaticalizing uses of lexical verbs. It gives a Swedish example of context-induced reinterpretation - an interesting semantic shift that often leads to grammaticalization. All the aspects of basic verbs discussed in Sections 1-10 are integrated in a structure of a Swedish-Czech lexicon, which captures verbs and predicate nouns in two respective interlinked parts. Sections 11-14 give its detailed decription.
ATP-dependent Conformational Changes Trigger Substrate Capture and Release by an ECF-type Biotin Transporter*

Background: Substrate-binding integral membrane proteins of ECF transporters are predicted to undergo reversible rotation during the transport cycle. Results: Capture and release of biotin by a nanodisc-embedded ECF transporter depended on ATP-induced subunit reorientations. Conclusion: ECF transporters mediate vitamin translocation by turning their substrate-specific components within the membrane. Significance: Individual steps of the transport cycle are highlighted by biochemical and biophysical techniques. Energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters for vitamins and metal ions in prokaryotes consist of two ATP-binding cassette-type ATPases, a substrate-specific transmembrane protein (S component) and a transmembrane protein (T component) that physically interacts with the ATPases and the S component. The mechanism of ECF transporters was analyzed upon reconstitution of a bacterial biotin transporter into phospholipid bilayer nanodiscs. ATPase activity was not stimulated by biotin and was only moderately reduced by vanadate. A non-hydrolyzable ATP analog was a competitive inhibitor. As evidenced by cross-linking of monocysteine variants and by site-specific spin labeling of the Q-helix followed by EPR-based interspin distance analyses, closure and reopening of the ATPase dimer (BioM2) was a consequence of ATP binding and hydrolysis, respectively. A previously suggested role of a stretch of small hydrophobic amino acid residues within the first transmembrane segment of the S units for S unit/T unit interactions was structurally and functionally confirmed for the biotin transporter. Cross-linking of this segment in BioY (S) using homobifunctional thiol-reactive reagents to a coupling helix of BioN (T) indicated a reorientation rather than a disruption of the BioY/BioN interface during catalysis. Fluorescence emission of BioY labeled with an environmentally sensitive fluorophore was compatible with an ATP-induced reorientation and consistent with a hypothesized toppling mechanism. As demonstrated by [3H]biotin capture assays, ATP binding stimulated substrate capture by the transporter, and subsequent ATP hydrolysis led to substrate release. Our study represents the first experimental insight into the individual steps during the catalytic cycle of an ECF transporter in a lipid environment.
Moderation in the actor-partner interdependence model

Potential moderators of effects in the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) include variables that vary within dyads, between dyads, or both between and within dyads (i.e., mixed moderators). Another factor in the moderation of the APIM is whether dyads are indistinguishable (e.g., same-sex friendship pairs) or distinguishable (e.g., heterosexual couples). For each possibility, what are the potential moderator effects (up to 8), how they might be estimated and tested, and how they can be interpreted are discussed. Submodels are also presented, based on patterns of moderation of the actor and partner effects, which are statistically simpler, more conceptually meaningful, and more powerful in testing moderator effects. Example analyses illustrate the recommended steps involved in an APIM moderation analysis.
A Trade-Off Study Revealing Nested Timescales of Constraint

This study investigates human performance in a cyclic Fitts task at three different scales of observation, either in the presence (difficult condition) or in the absence (easy condition) of a speed–accuracy trade-off. At the fastest scale, the harmonicity of the back and forth movements, which reflects the dissipation of mechanical energy, was measured within the timeframe of single trials. At an intermediate scale, speed and accuracy measures were determined over a trial. The slowest scale pertains to the temporal structure of movement variability, which evolves over multiple trials. In the difficult condition, reliable correlations across each of the measures corroborated a coupling of nested scales of performance. Participants who predominantly emphasized the speed-side of the trade-off (despite the instruction to be both fast and accurate) produced more harmonic movements and clearer 1/f scaling in the produced movement time series, but were less accurate and produced more random variability in the produced movement amplitudes (vice versa for more accurate participants). This implied that speed–accuracy trade-off was accompanied by a trade-off between temporal and spatial streams of 1/f scaling, as confirmed by entropy measures. In the easy condition, however, no trade-offs nor couplings among scales of performance were observed. Together, these results suggest that 1/f scaling is more than just a byproduct of cognition. These findings rather support the claim that interaction-dominant dynamics constitute a coordinative basis for goal-directed behavior.
Multiagent Learning through Collective Memory

Collective memory is a mechanism through which a community of agents can learn improved patterns of cooperative activity to take advantage of regularities in their domain of problem-solving activity. Collective memory is defined as the breadth of procedural knowledge the community acquires through experience when interacting with each other and the world. This knowledge may address many aspects of multiagent problem solving, but we will focus on two aspects: learning cooperative procedures and learning agents’ capabilities. We demonstrate how collective memory reduces the amount of total effort and communication needed by a community of agents to solve problems. Finally, we discuss how this model of behavior is better suited for our domain of interest than related work.
Evaluation of Transfer of Training and Skills Learned as State 4-H Council Members

The purpose of this qualitative study was to evaluate if the environment of the State 4-H Council fosters transfer of training to life after the 4-H program. Purposive sampling identified former members of a State 4-H Council. The research methods included semi-structured and unstructured interviews. Major findings of the study noted that most areas of the council environment encourage the transfer of training, however, some facets of the council environment need improvement to promote training transfer. Recommendations include conducting a needs assessment of all incoming State 4-H Council members, developing an experiential training method, implementing training on working with different personality types, improving communication among the group, and continuing to reward council members for using the skills they gain while on the council.
Web technologies and privacy policies for the Smart Grid

The Smart Grid aims at making the current electricity grid more efficient, featuring an IT-layer that includes communication flows between a multitude of stakeholders. Its infrastructure is likely to be integrated with other IT-based systems. We argue that in order to enable the integration between already existing large-scale information networks (e.g., the Internet or the Web) and newly developed IT infrastructures such as Smart Cities, means for machine-understandable representation of data are required. Since these “smart” systems will exchange large volumes of highly sensitive data (billing and personal data), users should have the ability to specify their intent on how their data can be shared. Thus, systems require built-in mechanisms for protecting data. In this paper, we outline a Smart Grid architecture based on Semantic Web (Linked Data) technologies, and present mechanisms to allow for automated access control and enforcement of privacy rights on a technical level.
SINAI at ImageCLEF Wikipedia Retrieval Task 2011: Testing Combined Systems

Several researches demonstrate that the use and integration of various knowledge sources improves the quality and efficiency of information systems. This paper presents the system developed by the SINAI research group at the ImageCLEF Wikipedia Retrieval task. Using only the English text associated with each image or its translation from French or German, our system applies several combinations of the textual tags and the combination of information retrieval (IR) systems. The influence of machine translation, the use of the different annotation tags and the retrieval results from different IRs systems are the main aims of this work. The obtained results show that the election of the annotation tags and the IR system have influence in the results, and some fusions of the retrieved lists can improve the performance.
House Allocation with Existing Tenants: A Characterization

We analyze mechanisms that are used to allocate dormitory rooms to students at college campuses. Students consist of newcoming freshmen, who do not currently occupy any rooms, and more senior students each of whom occupies a room from the previous year. In addition to the rooms already occupied by the existing tenants, there are vacated rooms by the graduating class. Students have strict preferences over dormitory rooms. Each student shall be assigned a dormitory room in an environment where monetary transfers are not allowed. An existing tenant can move to another room as a result of the assignment. We show that you request my house-I get your turn mechanisms are the only mechanisms that are Pareto-efficient, individually rational, strategy-proof, weakly neutral, and consistent.
Unsupervised Testing Strategies for ASR

This paper describes unsupervised strategies for estimating relative accuracy differences between acoustic models or language models used for automatic speech recognition. To test acoustic models, the approach extends ideas used for unsupervised discriminative training to include a more explicit validation on held out data. To test language models, we use a dual interpretation of the same process, this time allowing us to measure differences by exploiting expected ‘truth gradients’ between strong and weak acoustic models. The paper shows correlations between supervised and unsupervised measures across a range of acoustic model and language model variations. We also use unsupervised tests to assess the non-stationary nature of mobile speech input. Index Terms: speech recognition, unsupervised testing, nonstationary distributions
Gonococcal NAATs: what is the current state of play in England and Wales?

The aim of this study was to determine how widespread the use is of dual nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for the diagnosis of both Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) in England and Wales. A structured telephone questionnaire was used to collect information on the method of dual testing used by laboratories, the patient groups tested, the types of specimens obtained and the use of GC culture. Of the 108 laboratories participating, 29% performed dual CT and GC NAAT assays. The platforms used included: (i) BD Probetec™ (19/31), (ii) Aptima® Combo 2 (9/31) and (iii) COBAS® AMPLICOR (2/31). GC-positive specimens were either repeated using the same test (21) or an alternative target (9). Most laboratories confirmed positive GC NAATs by performing culture (26/31). Laboratories performed dual NAAT testing on specimens sourced from both community and genitourinary medicine clinic settings, and on a wide variety of different specimen types. This survey highlights a lack of consistency in the current use of dual NAAT platforms in the UK and the need for national guidelines.
Stepping Aside

think independently and solve problems as they learn. ucational leaders-both researchers and skilled practitioners-affirm the importance of student-centered classrooms, where students are engaged in collaborative hands-on activities and where problem solving is a valued tool in curriculum design. (The "Some Works by Key Leaders" sidebar lists a few publications by educational leaders who discuss this concept.) Music education has a long-standing history of providing students with opportunities for hands-on musical experiences: our students play, sing, create, listen, and move to music. However, there are many different kinds of hands-on experiences that can be a part of music learning situations. Two areas of consideration are the mindful engagement of students within that experience and the opportunity for students to contribute to the musical experience. There is a difference between doing activities that only require students to join in and activities that engage students in experiences that require them to think musically, solving musical problems. ' There is a difference between activities where the teacher makes all the musical decisions and those in which student collaborations
Risk factors for undernutrition of young children in a rural area of South Africa

Abstract Objective: To identify the factors associated with childhood undernutrition. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Hlabisa health district in KwaZulu/Natal, South Africa. Subjects: Eight hundred and sixty-eight children aged 3–59 months. Methods: Questionnaire survey and anthropometric survey of 516 random house-holds with children in the health district. Multivariate analysis took into account the hierarchical relationships between the proposed risk factors. This conceptual model was built up during qualitative studies and with reference to international research in this area. Results: The mean Z-scores for weight-for-age and height-for-age were −0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI)−0.44 to −0.60) and −1.25 (95% CI −1.15 to −1.35), respectively. Of the children, 26.3% (95% CI 23.3–29.3%) were stunted, 12.0% (95% CI 9.8–4.2%) were underweight-for-age (UWFA) and only 1.3% were wasted. Migrant father, mother's education, literate mother, whether the house was made of traditional materials, the presence of a toilet, whether the last child was breast-fed, duration of breast-feeding and birth weight were found to be significantly related to UWFA, the latter with an odds ratio of more than eight. Conclusion: While there are individual health and feeding behaviours that need to be addressed, this study has also uncovered the maternal and socio-economic factors which present an array of constraints in the social environment shaping the infant feeding and caring practices employed by women. For the full potential of nutrition promotion activities to be realised, there is a need to address some of these ‘deeper’ constraints.
Modeling and Improving an Industrial Software Process

The paper discusses the problems that a software development organization must address in order to assess and improve its software processes. In particular, the authors are involved in a project aiming at assessing and improving the current practice and the quality manual of the Business Unit Telecommunications for Defense (BUTD) of a large telecommunications company. The paper reports on the usage of formal process modeling languages to detect inconsistencies, ambiguities, incompleteness, and opportunities for improvement of both the software process and its documentation. >
Comparison of piece‐wise linear, linear, and nonlinear atlas‐to‐patient warping techniques: Analysis of the labeling of subcortical nuclei for functional neurosurgical applications

Digital atlases are commonly used in pre‐operative planning in functional neurosurgical procedures performed to minimize the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. These atlases can be customized to fit an individual patient's anatomy through atlas‐to‐patient warping procedures. Once fitted to pre‐operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, the customized atlas can be used to plan and navigate surgical procedures. Linear, piece‐wise linear and nonlinear registration methods have been used to customize different digital atlases with varying accuracies. Our goal was to evaluate eight different registration methods for atlas‐to‐patient customization of a new digital atlas of the basal ganglia and thalamus to demonstrate the value of nonlinear registration for automated atlas‐based subcortical target identification in functional neurosurgery. In this work, we evaluate the accuracy of two automated linear techniques, two piece‐wise linear techniques (requiring the identification of manually placed anatomical landmarks), and four different automated nonlinear atlas‐to‐patient warping techniques (where two of the four nonlinear techniques are variants of the ANIMAL algorithm). Since a gold standard of the subcortical anatomy is not available, manual segmentations of the striatum, globus pallidus, and thalamus are used to derive a silver standard for evaluation. Four different metrics, including the kappa statistic, the mean distance between the surfaces, the maximum distance between surfaces, and the total structure volume are used to compare the warping techniques. The results show that nonlinear techniques perform statistically better than linear and piece‐wise linear techniques. In addition, the results demonstrate statistically significant differences between the nonlinear techniques, with the ANIMAL algorithm yielding better results. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Stochastic Shell Model of Turbulence: Numerical and Analytical Results

We consider an inviscid shell model of turbulence with the addition of Itô and Stratonovich multiplicative stochastic forcing. Numerical simulations are performed for both models that show dissipation of energy at an algebraic rate. A comparison between the Itô and Stratonovich effects is examined. Positivity of solutions is discussed and demonstrated numerically.
A general-purpose IsiZulu speech synthesizer

A general-purpose isiZulu text-to-speech (TTS) system was developed, based on the ‘Multisyn’ unit-selection approach supported by the Festival TTS toolkit. The development involved a number of challenges related to the interface between speech technology and linguistics—for example, choosing an appropriate set of phonetic units, producing reliable pronunciations, and developing appropriate cost fonctions for selecting and joining diphone units. We show how solutions were found for each of these challenges, and describe a number of other innovations (such as automated fault detection in manual alignments) that were introduced. Initial evaluations suggest that the synthesizer is usable by a wide spectrum of isiZulu speakers.
International Conference in Knowledge Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems-KES 2013 Semantical-coordinate Terms Detection from Hierarchical Knowledge Using Web Snippets

In this paper, we describe a method to detect semantical-coordinate terms. We often use semantical-coordinate terms as objects of comparative validation and examples for the given term, and then linguistic expressions and knowledge processing are enriched. Semantical-coordinate terms should be hyponyms of a same hypernym, and their usage and concepts should be similar. However hierarchical knowledge is useful to view concepts, hierarchically coordinate terms are sometimes inappropriate as semantical-coordinate terms for our suppositions, because some of them might have multiple hypernyms and general perceptions of the terms are not taken in the consideration. On the other hand, using only Web context to detect semantical-coordinate terms, concepts of the terms are not taken in the consideration while public perceptions and their usages might be incorporated. Therefore we propose hybrid method using both hierarchical knowledge and Web snippets. We conducted bench scale tests to detect semantical-coordinate terms of some terms and discuss about the results in this paper. Through the tests and discussions, we confirmed that the semantical-coordinate terms detected by our proposed method were not only hierarchically but also semantically and intuitively appropriate. c © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Stair descent in the simple hexapod 'RHex'

We present the first controller that allows our small hexapod robot, RHex, to descend a wide variety of regular sized, "real world" stairs. After selecting one of two sets of trajectories, depending on the slope of the stairs, our open-loop, clock-driven controllers require no further operator input nor task level feedback. Energetics for stair descent is captured via specific resistance values and compared to stair ascent and other behaviors. Even though the algorithms developed and validated in this paper were developed for a particular robot, the basic motion strategies, and the phase relationships between the contralateral leg pairs are likely applicable to other hexapod robots of similar size as well.
Por qué a los profesores de Ciencias nos cuesta tanto cambiar nuestras concepciones y modelos didácticos

Change is one of the words that most characterizes our time. However, are teachers prepared to work in diversity and uncertainty? , does change form part of our professional culture? , which obstacles prevent teachers from taking on educational innovations? what factors stimulate educational changes? In this article, we review different models of teacher's educational changes through an analogy with the scientific change in the philosophy of science. We analyze the processes of science teachers’ conceptual change and classroom practice, in the models of technical rationality, conceptual change and gradual or evolutionary change based on investigation. We finalize with metaphors as an intervention tool for teachers.