Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal Folate Intake during Pregnancy and Childhood Asthma in a Population‐based Cohort

Rationale: A potential adverse effect of high folate intake during pregnancy on children's asthma development remains controversial. Objectives: To prospectively investigate folate intake from both food and supplements during pregnancy and asthma at age 7 years when the diagnosis is more reliable than at preschool age. Methods: This study included eligible children born 2002‐2006 from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, a population‐based pregnancy cohort, linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database. Current asthma at age 7 was defined by asthma medications dispensed at least twice in the year (1,901 cases; n = 39,846) or by maternal questionnaire report (1,624 cases; n = 28,872). Maternal folate intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire validated against plasma folate. We used log‐binomial and multinomial regression to calculate adjusted relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. Measurements and Main Results: Risk of asthma was increased in the highest versus lowest quintile of total folate intake with an adjusted relative risk of 1.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.06‐1.44) that was similar for maternally reported asthma. Mothers in the highest quintile had a relatively high intake of food folate (median, 308; interquartile range, 241‐366 &mgr;g/d) and nearly all took at least 400 &mgr;g/d of supplemental folic acid (median, 500; interquartile range, 400‐600 &mgr;g/d). Conclusions: In this large prospective population‐based cohort with essentially complete follow‐up, pregnant women taking supplemental folic acid at or above the recommended dose, combined with a diet rich in folate, reach a total folate intake level associated with a slightly increased risk of asthma in children.
PHENOTYPIC SHIFTS IN TRISOMY.

THE OCCURRENCE of trisomy provides an opportunity for detection of linkage through the distortion of phenotypic ratios expected among trisomic individuals relative to disomic individuals. The theoretical basis for such distortions has been partially established by and Gershowitz and Begak As Shaw and Gershowitz out, probability of detecting a shift from disomic phenotype frequencies will be influenced by the number of alleles at a given locus, dominance relationship, dosage effects, gene frequencies in the parental population, map distance between locus and centromere, and the stage at which the disjunctional error occurs. case of single pairs of alleles showing dominance, lack of dominance, and dosage effects, assuming that nondisjunction is independent of parental genotype, that the locus is absolutely linked to the centromere, and that nondisjunction occurs in the first meiotic division only. The present study extends their results to include the occurrence of crossing over, the occurrence of admixtures of first and second meiotic divi-Received
A low power radiofrequency pulse for simultaneous multislice excitation and refocusing

Simultaneous multislice (SMS) acquisition enables increased temporal efficiency of MRI. Nonetheless, MultiBand (MB) radiofrequency (RF) pulses used for SMS can cause large energy deposition. Power independent of number of slices (PINS) pulses reduce RF power at cost of reduced bandwidth and increased off‐resonance dependency. This work improves PINS design to further reduce energy deposition, off‐resonance dependency and peak power.
Maintaining Central-Bank Financial Stability Under New-Style Central Banking

Since 2008, the central banks of advanced countries have borrowed trillions of dollars from their commercial banks in the form of interest-paying reserves and invested the proceeds in portfolios of risky assets. We investigate how this new style of central banking affects central banks' solvency. A central bank is insolvent if its requirement to pay dividends to its government exceeds its income by enough to cause an unending upward drift in its debts to commercial banks. We consider three sources of risk to central banks: interest-rate risk (the Federal Reserve), default risk (the European Central Bank), and exchange-rate risk (central banks of small open economies). We find that a central bank that pays dividends equal to a standard concept of net income will always be solvent—its reserve obligations will not explode. In some circumstances, the dividend will be negative, meaning that the government is making a payment to the bank. If the charter does not provide for payments in that direction, then reserves will tend to grow more in crises than they shrink in normal times. To prevent this buildup, the charter needs to provide for makeup reductions in payments from the bank to the government. We compute measures of the financial strength of central banks, and discuss how different institutions interact with quantitative easing policies to put these banks in less or more danger of instability. We conclude that the risks to financial stability are real in theory, but remote in practice today.
Rheology of sheared suspensions of rough frictional particles

Abstract This paper presents three-dimensional numerical simulations of non-Brownian concentrated suspensions in a Couette flow at zero Reynolds number using a fictitious domain method. Contacts between particles are modelled using a discrete element method (DEM)-like approach, which allows for a more physical description, including roughness and friction. This work emphasizes the effect of friction between particles and its role on rheological properties, especially on normal stress differences. Friction is shown to notably increase viscosity and second normal stress difference $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}|N_2|$ and decrease $|N_1|$ , in better agreement with experiments. The hydrodynamic and contact contributions to the overall particle stress are particularly investigated. This shows that the effect of friction is mostly due to the additional contact stress since the hydrodynamic stress remains unaffected by friction. Simulation results are also compared with experiments, such as normal stresses or effective friction coefficient $\mu (I_v)$ , and the agreement is improved when friction is accounted for. This suggests that friction is operative in actual suspensions.
catena-Poly[[bis(p-toluenesulfonato-κO)palladium(II)]bis(μ-1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane-κ2 N:N′)]

In the title compound, [Pd(C7H7O3S)2(C13H14N2)2]n, the metal ion, located on a twofold rotation axis, exhibits a slightly distorted octahedral coordination environment, with bond angles that deviate by at most 2.2° from an ideal geometry, completed by two O atoms from two deprotonated p-toluenesulfonic acid ligands and four N atoms from four 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane ligands. One of the sulfonate O atoms is disordered over two positions [ratio 0.70 (5):0.30 (5)].
Business model publicness and socialness of the social enterprise

Social enterprise is important. Yet, there has been diverse understanding of the phenomenon in the literature. This paper attempts to make sense of the social enterprise phenomenon in the literature from a two-layer framework of two-by-two matrices. The first layer juxtaposes social enterprise against other organizations (a typology of organizations) and the second layer classifies different types of social enterprises (a typology of social enterprise). This framework may provide researchers with tools to develop a clear and comprehensive definition of social enterprise. For practitioners, the ability to recognize structures of different types of social enterprises may offer them guideline to design the appropriate business model to serve their purposes.
Topical tacrolimus vs medium-dose ultraviolet A1 phototherapy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis - a preliminary study in relation to parameters of the epidermal barrier function and high-frequency ultrasonography.

INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing skin disorder, which is characterized by intense pruritus, skin dryness and concomitant epidermal barrier dysfunction. The basic therapy involves the application of anti-inflammatory topical drugs like; glucocorticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors. Phototherapy in AD is regarded as an additional form of treatment. The latest invention, ultraviolet A1-UVA1 phototherapy (340-400 nm), was introduced to the treatment of AD by Krutmann et al in 1992. It appears that the main mode of action of UVA1 phototherapy in AD is through activation of apoptosis of T lymphocytes. Additionally, new studies show that UVA1 can also inhibit the activity of calcineurin phosphatase, similarly to calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporin A or tacrolimus. The aim of this study is to, for the first time, compare the efficacy of medium dose UVA1 phototherapy and tacrolimus ointment in patients with moderate-severe AD. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study involved 20 AD patients. Half of the patients were treated with UVA1 phototherapy, while another 10 participants were treated with the application of tacrolimus ointment. The severity of the disease progress was assessed on the basis of EASI score (Eczema Area Severity Index). Moreover, the clinical condition of patients was assessed using non-invasive techniques such as measurement of transepidermal water loss - TEWL and skin capacitance, as well as high-frequency ultrasonography (20 MHz). RESULTS This study described above confirmed the beneficial influence of both therapies on the course of moderate-severe AD. Tacrolimus induced a greater reduction in TEWL, while phototherapy caused the reduction of subepidermal low echogenic band-SLEB within sites affected with pathological lesions. CONCLUSIONS Both tacrolimus and phototherapy treatment seemed to significantly reduce EASI.
Energy Consumption and Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks Applications in Smart Cities: Simulation for Urban Mobility

From now to 2030, the world urban mobility will increase by 50%. This increase will be mainly performed in developing countries which already suffer from congestion traffic especially in large cities where road traffic reaches a high density. This situation leads to a serious impact on the economic and social growth. The urban traffic management has become an essential factor. Within the framework of a Moroccan city like Casablanca (1.5 million vehicles a day run there ), an efficient road traffic management turns to be necessary so as to solve the serious problem of traffic jams and to decrease the problem of traffic jams and improve the fluidity of the road traffic. We are settling intelligent systems transport (IST) such as the case of smart cities. The traffic simulation is a better way to evaluate a road traffic network. The latter is simulated by using two simulators, Green Light district (GLD) and Simulator Urban Mobility (SUMO). We have been working with an Open Street Map in the SUMO traffic, in order to get closer to reality. This study describes a low cost and energy saving urban monitoring mobility system based on wireless sensor networks (WSNs ). Simulation results show that our suggested algorithm is efficacious and practical in different cases; it could reduce the number of packages sent from each sensor placed on the track. This proposed solution provides the sensor networks with a longer lifetime of sensor networks:by reducing its energy consumption.
Bus Transit Service in Land Development Planning

This synthesis will be of interest to transit planners and managers and to those who work with them to develop relationships with local governments and other stakeholders that improve the integration of bus transit and land development. It documents the relationship between bus transit service and planning for new developments. This synthesis identifies successful strategies that assist in the incorporation of bus transit service into land developments, as well as the challenges that transit agencies face when attempting to do so. It also provides the state of the practice regarding the use and components of transit agency development guidelines. A literature review is presented, along with a discussion of survey results from 32 transit agencies that shared their experiences with land development. Five case studies highlight successful coordination efforts between bus transit planning and land development planning.
Scoring Reliability on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III)

Nineteen psychologists and 19 graduate students scored two Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition patient protocols. Mean IQs and indexes were similar across groups, but the ranges for Verbal IQ (VIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ), and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) on one protocol were 25, 22, and 11 points, respectively. For both protocols taken together, percentages of agreement with the “actual” IQs for psychologists were only 26.3 for VIQ, 36.8 for PIQ, and 42.1 for FSIQ. For students, percentages were 15.8 for VIQ, 23.7 for PIQ, and 31.6 for FSIQ. The percentages of FSIQs that fell within ± 1 standard error of measurement of the actual IQs were 89.5 for psychologists and 76.3 for students. Scoring error also had a negative impact on index scores. Both groups were confident about their scoring accuracy.
Fundamentals of Risk Management for Accountants and Managers

Both financial and non-financial managers with accountability for performance at either a strategic level or for a business unit have responsibility for risk management, in terms of failing to achieve organisational objectives. Fundamentals of Enterprise Risk management is structured around four parts and 26 self-contained chapters. Each chapter will have ample practical examples and illustrations/mini-case studies from retail, manufacturing and service industries and from the public and not-for-profit sectors to enable the reader to understand and apply the concepts in the book.
Central venous catheter tip position: another point of view.

More than five million central venous catheters (CVCs) are inserted worldwide each year. Ideally, the tip of a CVC should be positioned in the proximity of the cavoatrial junction (CAJ), in a ‘safe’ area, which includes the lower third of the superior vena cava (SVC) and the upper portion of the atrium. As any inappropriate position of the tip increases the complication rate, it is essential to check the tip position of all CVCs before use. The key sites to avoid are small collateral veins such as azygos or emiazygos or the internal mammary vein; a ‘high’ tip position in the internal jugular vein, subclavian vein, the brachiocephalic vein or in the upper or middle third of the SVC; against the wall of the SVC (this typically occurs when the catheter is inserted from the left side and it does not reach the lower third of the SVC); and a ‘low’ position in the inferior vena cava or against the tricuspid valve or in the right ventricle.
Challenges of knowledge integration in small and medium enterprises

This study attempts to develop a better understanding of the challenges of knowledge integration (KI) within the innovation process in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Using several case studies, this study investigates how knowledge integration may be managed within the context of innovation in SMEs. The research places particular focus on identifying the challenges of knowledge integration in SMEs in relation to three aspects of knowledge integration activities, namely knowledge identification, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge sharing. Four distinct tasks emerged in the knowledge integration process, namely team building capability, capturing tacit knowledge, role of knowledge management (KM) systems, and technological systemic integration. The paper suggests that managing knowledge integration in SMEs can be best managed by focusing on these four tasks, which in turn will lead to innovation.
Establishment and Maintenance of Trustworthy Composite Services Using Multidimensional Service Attributes

Service composition is a key concept in Service Oriented Computing. Distributed low level services are assembled in business processes providing enterprise services. The openness, distribution, dynamicity and other characteristics of service compositions and of service environments in general, present challenges to the widespread adoption by industries and end-users. Those characteristics result in di�fficulties in establishing and building trust between different entities. Composition techniques must be able to measure trustworthiness and identify trustworthy component services. Composition techniques also must be able to maintain trustworthiness of composite services against possible dynamic changes in the environment or the services themselves such as changes in demand or service behaviour. This research views trustworthiness as a multidimensional concept that reflects an extensible set of attributes of services with no single aspect, such as identity verification, is su�fficient to ensure trustworthiness. This thesis investigates the state of the art in the related areas and describes the background and context of the work. It details mechanisms for the aggregation and calculation of trustworthiness of composite services based on composition plans and a range of trustworthiness attributes. The thesis also describes prediction techniques for service trustworthiness based on its monitoring. The research describes a framework for measuring security aspects of services and their composition based on protection methods and the exploitability of the service-related resources. Furthermore, it describes methods for determining trustworthiness of component services from that of composite services. Since operational issues are important in maintaining and balancing composite service trustworthiness and profitability, the thesis describes resource management techniques as well as an approach to the optimisation of pricing that contribute to achieving those goals. The overall goal of this research is to provide the techniques for establishing and maintaining trustworthy composite services where sets of component services each with a distinct functionality are offered by multiple component providers. Alternative component services are available for selection for each task in a composition. Those alternative services may have different values of their attributes as well as different patterns of attribute changes over time.
Financial Sector Reforms in Bangladesh: The Next Round

During the run-up to the last national elections, CPD launched a Task Force on Financial Sector Reform which prepared a set of recommendations for consideration by the newly elected government. The new incumbent government, after assuming the responsibility, has undertaken a number of measures for improving the performance of the financial sector. In this context, the present paper attempts to take stock of the earlier initiatives of financial sector reform, analyse the thrust of the present policy approach and indicate some immediate measures with a view to meet the increasing demand for financial sector reform. The present paper is not a comprehensive review of the state of banking sector in Bangladesh. Rather, it seeks to highlight some of the ongoing policy debates to seek guidance for the future.
Towards Online Concept Drift Detection with Feature Selection for Data Stream Classification

Data Streams are unbounded, sequential data instances that are generated very rapidly. The storage, querying and mining of such rapid flows of data is computationally very challenging. Data Stream Mining (DSM) is concerned with the mining of such data streams in real-time using techniques that require only one pass through the data. DSM techniques need to be adaptive to reflect changes of the pattern encoded in the stream (concept drift). The relevance of features for a DSM classification task may change due to concept drifts and this paper describes the first step towards a concept drift detection method with online feature tracking capabilities.
Accuracy limitations of FOG-based continuous measurement-while-drilling surveying instruments for horizontal wells

Horizontal drilling processes in the oil industry utilize directional measurement-while-drilling (MWD) instruments to provide real-time monitoring of the position and the orientation of the bottom hole assembly (BHA). It has been reported that a single fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) can be incorporated with three-axis accelerometers to provide real-time MWD surveying of horizontal wells. However, the long-term performance and the accuracy limitations of this FOG-based instrumentation system have not been discussed. This article aims at describing a methodology for quantitative long-term analysis of the various surveying errors while drilling the near-vertical sections of the well. It also offers some techniques to enhance the long-term surveying accuracy in an experimental model of the FOG-based downhole-surveying instrument. The surveying errors are optimally estimated by the Kalman filtering techniques, and their long-term analysis is based on studying the corresponding mean square estimation errors. In order to limit the long-term growth of the surveying errors, we suggest improving the velocity computation provided by the FOG-based system either by continuous velocity update or by zero velocity update at some predetermined surveying stations. These techniques have significantly limited the long-term growth of the position errors (less than 100 m over a more than 2-h experiment). Moreover, the errors associated with the BHA orientation components were kept at less than 1/spl deg/. Suggested methodology significantly improved the surveying accuracy in an experimental model of the FOG-based MWD surveying system.
The Interorganizational Relationships Process: An Asset Orchestration Mechanisms Perspective in an SME Context

This exploratory study analyzes the collaborative efforts between two small and medium enterprises (SMEs) engaged in an interorganizational relationship (IOR) aimed at developing co-specialized and complementary assets through coordinating mechanisms. Despite the richness of the literature on IOR, less is known about the mechanisms that trigger and affect collaborative efforts during an IOR process. We adopt a qualitative and processual approach and draw on the concepts of assets orchestration mechanisms, surface structures and deep structures to propose a conceptual framework. We conjecture that the connection between surface structures and deep structures of the IOR process is facilitated by three specific mechanisms: allocating resources, structuring resources and coordinating resources. Our single case data analysis suggests that IOR efforts work well across organizational boundaries between business partners thanks to the assets orchestration mechanisms and when shared vision and artefacts are translated into shared processes and practices.
Forensic chemical study on marihuana. I. A detection method of the principal constituents by thin-layer and gas chromatographies.

A new solvent system benzene-n-hexane-diethylamine (25 : 10 : 1), was found to show a good separation of cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol in hemp resin by thin-layer chromatography, in which Rf-values of three constituents were 0.45, 0.35 and 0.25, respectively. Furthermore, the same solvent system was successfully applied to silica gel column chromatography for isolation of three constituents of hemp resin. Using cocaine hydrochloride as an internal standard of gas chromatography, relative retention times of cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol were calculated to be 1.76, 2.34 and 2.88, respectively. Six kinds of hemps grown in India, U.S.A. and Japan, were quantitatively analyzed using gas chromatography, and against a common opinion, Japanese hemps were found to contain considerable amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol, a physiologically active constituent.