Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chinese Personal Name Recognition in Web Queries via Bootstrapping

The bootstrapping method of recognizing names in query logs is useful in some ways, but it is affected by noisy data, which comes from irrelevant queries and irrelevant template matching. We propose a trend selection method which aims to select templates more relevant to personal names rather than other categories. In order to eliminate noisy data when matching, the boundaries of candidates are relocated by the presented method named forward-backward keyword matching based on the corpus from People's Daily. Experimental results on Sogou corpus indicate that the trend selection method is better while compared to other template selection method. And the forward-backward keyword matching method is helpful for boundary demarcation and recognition.
Geographies of Power: Black Women Mobilizing Intersectionality in Brazil

Abstract:In Brazil and throughout the African diaspora, rarely are black women, especially poor black women, considered leaders of social movements, much less political theorists. While Afro-Brazilian women are at the very heart of the struggle for urban housing and land rights in Salvador, the prevailing image of black women, particularly those who live in poor neighborhoods, is that they lack the knowledge and political sophistication needed to organize mass social movements. This article seeks to undermine this image by exploring how black women have come to radicalize local communities. It also explores why they are the main political actors interpreting the racial, gender, and class dynamics of urban development policies and fighting to reform projects of socio-spatial inclusion in cities. Bridging the scholarly gap between black feminist theorization and the grassroots practice of intersectionality, I argue that black women who organize as blacks, women, and poor people provide key insights into how intersectionality is mobilized for social and poltical change. Furthemore, the ethnographic focus on black women’s activism illustrates the ways in which grassroots politics have advanced our understanding of intersectional identity formation in relationship to the material interests of the marginalized communities in Brazil.
Linear Time Algorithm for Update Games via Strongly-Trap-Connected Components.

An arena is a finite directed graph whose vertices are divided into two classes, i.e $V=V_{\square}\cup V_{\bigcirc}$; this forms the basic playground for a plethora of 2-player infinite pebble-games. We introduce and study a refined notion of reachability for arenas, named \emph{trap-reachability}, where Player~$\square$ attempts to reach vertices without leaving a prescribed subset $V'\subseteq V$, while Player~$\bigcirc$ works against. It is shown that every arena decomposes into \emph{strongly-trap-connected components (STCCs)}. Our main result is a linear time algorithm for computing this unique decomposition. Both the graph structures and the algorithm generalize the classical decomposition of a directed graph into its strongly-connected components (SCCs). The algorithm builds on a generalization of the depth-first search (DFS), taking inspiration from Tarjan's SCC{s} classical algorithm. The structures of palm-trees and jungles described in Tarjan's original paper need to be revisited and generalized (i.e tr-palm-trees and tr-jungles) in order to handle the 2-player infinite pebble-game's setting. This theory has direct applications in solving Update Games (UGs) faster. Dinneen and Khoussainov showed in 1999 that deciding who's the winner in a given UG costs $O(mn)$ time, where $n$ is the number of vertices and $m$ is that of arcs. We solve that problem in $\Theta(m+n)$ linear time. The result is obtained by observing that the UG is a win for Player~$\square$ if and only if the arena comprises one single STCC. It is also observed that the tr-palm-tree returned by the algorithm encodes routing information that an $\Theta(n)$-space agent can consult to win the UG in $O(1)$ time per move. Finally, the polynomial-time complexity for deciding Explicit McNaughton-Muller Games is also improved, from cubic to quadratic.
Comparative Analysis of Mobile App Reverse Engineering Methods on Dalvik and ART

The runtime system for the Android platform has changed to ART. ART differs from previously used Dalvik in that it is to be a runtime environment for the application’s machine code. As a result, ART does not execute Dalvik bytecode through an interpreter but executes the machine code itself, leading to high performance and many other benefits. This change in runtime system also has many implications for mobile security. While we can anticipate with certainty the resurgence of modified malicious activity or malicious applications previously used with Dalvik or the emergence of completely new structures of malicious techniques, we can no longer ascertain the feasibility of the analysis techniques and analysis tools used against these malicious applications that operated in Dalvik. To combat future potential malicious techniques for ART, we must first have a clear understanding of ART and, with this foundation, to effectively and accurately utilize the correct analysis technique. Thus, this paper serves to introduce an analysis on the operating method and architecture of ART and, based on this information, address the executable feasibility of the analysis techniques in ART. Furthermore, we present the test results of running these analysis tools and techniques in ART.
Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Health Anxiety Inventory.

INTRODUCTION Health anxiety is seen in the clinical presentation of both somatoform disorders, especially hypochondriasis and anxiety disorders. In this study, we aimed to perform the reliability and validity analyses of the Turkish version of the Health Anxiety Inventory which is used in the assessment of health anxiety. METHOD Translation and back-translation of the Health Anxiety Inventory was done. Study groups consisted of in- or out-patients with somatoform disorder (n=65), panic disorder (n=55), major depressive disorder (n=22), and healthy volunteers (n=114). In the assessment, beside the Health Anxiety Inventory, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Somatosensory Amplification Scale and the Trait Anxiety Inventory were used. RESULTS In reliability analyses, Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was 0.918 and item-total score correlation coefficients were between 0.405 and 0.769. Test-retest correlation coefficient was r=0.572. In construct validity, two factors that representing 54.5 percent of the total variance were obtained and they represented sensitivity to somatic symptoms and anxiety towards organic diseases. In concurrent validity, it had moderate to good correlation with the other study scales. In the comparison of study groups, the groups of somatoform disorder and anxiety disorder had significantly higher level of health anxiety than the groups with major depressive disorder and of healthy controls. CONCLUSION The Turkish version of the Health Anxiety Inventory can be reliably and validly used both in clinical practice and in research.
Molecular Characterization of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Circulating in China by Multilocus PCR and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

ABSTRACT We used multilocus PCR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) to determine the genotype and drug resistance profiles for 96 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates circulating in regions of high and low tuberculosis (TB) endemicity in China. The dominant principal genetic group (PGG) circulating in China was PGG1, and drug-resistant gene mutations were more diversified in the region of low rather than high TB endemicity.
Soluble and cell wall-bound phenolic acids and ferulic acid dehydrodimers in rye flour and five bread model systems: insight into mechanisms of improved availability

Background The bread-making process influences bread components, including phenolics that significantly contribute to its antioxidant properties. Five bread model systems made from different rye cultivars were investigated to compare their impact on concentration of ethanol-soluble (free and ester-bound) and insoluble phenolics. Results Breads produced by a straight dough method without acid addition (A) and three-stage sourdough method with 12 h native starter preparation (C) exhibited the highest, genotype-dependent concentrations of free phenolic acids. Dough acidification by direct acid addition (method B) or by gradual production during prolonged starter fermentation (24 and 48 h, for methods D and E) considerably decreased their level. However, breads B were enriched in soluble ester-bound fraction. Both direct methods, despite substantial differences in dough pH, caused a similar increase in the amount of insoluble ester-bound fraction. The contents of phenolic fractions in rye bread were positively related to activity level of feruloyl esterase and negatively to those of arabinoxylan-hydrolysing enzymes in wholemeal flour. Conclusion The solubility of rye bread phenolics may be enhanced by application of a suitable bread-making procedure with respect to rye cultivar, as the mechanisms of this process are also governed by a response of an individual genotype with specific biochemical profile. © 2014 Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
What Learner-Centered Professional Development Looks Like: The Pilot Studies of the InterMath Professional Development Project

In recent years professional developers have reached a consensus about what constitutes effective professional development, referred to in the literature as “learner-centered professional development. ” InterMath is a professional development project that was developed to address the recommendations for high quality professional development for middle grades mathematics teachers. In this report, I will highlight two cases of InterMath implementation. Then, I will offer a discussion of changes that have been made to InterMath in light of the findings from the pilot studies and report preliminary analysis of the impact of these changes.
Capacity of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks with Opportunistic Collaborative Communications

Optimal multihop routing in ad hoc networks requires the exchange of control messages at the MAC and network layer in order to set up the (centralized) optimization problem. Distributed opportunistic space-time collaboration (OST) is a valid alternative that avoids this drawback by enabling opportunistic cooperation with the source at the physical layer. In this paper, the performance of OST is investigated. It is shown analytically that opportunistic collaboration outperforms (centralized) optimal multihop in case spatial reuse (i.e., the simultaneous transmission of more than one data stream) is not allowed by the transmission protocol. Conversely, in case spatial reuse is possible, the relative performance between the two protocols has to be studied case by case in terms of the corresponding capacity regions, given the topology and the physical parameters of network at hand. Simulation results confirm that opportunistic collaborative communication is a promising paradigm for wireless ad hoc networks that deserves further investigation.
Vicarious Exposure to Male Sexual Harassment: Correlates, Perceived Motives and Ethical Evaluations, & Behavioral Responses

ii Acknowledgments. iii Statement of Originality . v List of Tables . vii List of Figures . viii Chapter 1 General Introduction . 1 1.1. References . 11 Chapter 2 The Vicarious Correlates of Male Gender Harassment (Study 1) . 17 2.
Taking Advantage of Social Network Relationships in P2P Streaming Overlays

In recent years, classical Internet applications have been accompanied by the surging of a great variety of new services and exciting possibilities. Among such broad range, two particular phenomena are highly successful: Online Social Networks (OSNs) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) services. This paper merges these distinct worlds, via the proposal of a P2P streaming system that takes advantage of the friendship relationships of an underlying OSN, to better distribute videos among the overlay peers that are also friends within the OSN. A category of privileged users is therefore created, that is guaranteed a satisfying viewing experience when the P2P overlay operates in critical conditions, i.e, when bandwidth availability is scarce. We show that the help of direct friends, two-hops away friends and, in the limit, of the entire OSN community brings in considerable advantages to the peers that are OSN members. In particular: the number of those among them that are able to download the entire video significantly increases; the number of video portions they can obtain consistently raises; as desired, when the P2P system is operating in underloaded conditions, a proper functioning is guaranteed to all of its nodes, regardless of their being members of the OSN or plain P2P users.
Research of Magnetic Flux Leakage Signal Processing Based on Wavelet De-Noising and EMD

For the method of magnetic flux leakage testing, the evaluation of test results is based on the detected signals. The quality of evaluation is affected by the quality of the signals. The signals of magnetic flux leakage are often influenced by various factors, the signals of some small defects maybe drowned by noise. In this paper, a method is proposed based on wavelet de- noising and empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The processing results of measured magnetic flux leakage signals show that good de-noising results can be achieved with this method and the signal noise ratio can be improved. Magnetic flux leakage testing is a method for determining the existence of defects through detecting leakage flux which overflow from magnetized metal surface. Magnetic flux leakage testing has many advantages such as high efficiency, unaffected by oil and other non-magnetic materials, lower cost and easy to implement, etc., it is becoming an important direction of nondestructive testing research. The evaluation of defects is based on magnetic flux leakage signal, whose quality affects the result of evaluation directly. In the actual testing, magnetic flux leakage signals are often influenced by various factors such as environment interference and electronic noise, so magnetic flux leakage signals are often mixed with a large number of noise signals. These interference signals must be removed before evaluation, namely de-noising. At present, methods which are used for de-noising magnetic flux leakage signals include spectrum analysis, wavelet de- noising, adaptive filtering, etc. Due to EMD is self-identical, while wavelet de-noising does not have this characteristic, in this paper a new signal processing method that based on wavelet de-noising and EMD is proposed, then it is applied to the process of measured magnetic flux leakage signals. The results show that this method has a good de-noising performance and the signal noise ratio can be improved with it.
Multimodal monitoring of the dynamic development of brain injury

Most cases of brain injury stem from an abrupt reduction in cerebral blood flow, depriving tissue of oxygen and glucose, which rapidly leads to failure of cell function and death. Directly surrounding the initial lesion, a still viable border zone is supplied by residual flow from collateral blood vessels. This “at risk” tissue, known as ischemic penumbra, is susceptible to secondary necrotic and apoptotic damage occurring over hours and days after the primary insult. The penumbra is characterised by significantly reduced blood flow but preserved metabolic demand as measured by an increased oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) [1]. With time, the penumbra will become irreversibly infarcted. Spreading depolarisation (SD), occur with a high incidence in brain injury patients [2] and could contribute to this secondary damage. SDs are slowly propagating waves of tissue depolarisation that are associated with complex hemodynamic and metabolic coupling. To understand their role in the development brain injury, we have simultaneously measured:  cortical blood flow with laser speckle flowmetry (LSF)  oxygen consumption with multispectral reflectometry (RGBR)  glucose utilization with positron emission tomography of [ 18 F]-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG-PET)  extracellular glucose and lactate concentrations with online microdialysis (rsMD)
Database-Backed Applications in the Wild: How Well Do They Work?

Most modern database-backed web applications are built upon Object Relational Mapping (ORM) frameworks. While ORM frameworks ease application development by abstracting persistent data as objects, such convenience often comes with a performance cost. In this paper, we present CADO, a tool that analyzes the application logic and its interaction with databases using the Ruby on Rails ORM framework. CADO includes a static program analyzer, a profiler and a synthetic data generator to extract and understand application's performance characteristics. We used CADO to analyze the performance problems of 27 real-world open-source Rails applications, covering domains such as online forums, e-commerce, project management, blogs, etc. Based on the results, we uncovered a number of issues that lead to sub-optimal application performance, ranging from issuing queries, how result sets are used, and physical design. We suggest possible remedies for each issue, and highlight new research opportunities that arise from them.
STABILISATION OF DISCRETE ADJOINT SOLVERS THROUGH IMPROVED PRIMAL TIMESTEPPING

One major challenge in applying the adjoint method to large industrial cases is the lack of robustness of the flow and adjoint solvers. Discrete adjoints transpose the Jacobian of the system of discretised equations exactly, and hence inherit the linear stability from the primal flow solver. Typically the linear stability properties of the iterative scheme of the flow solver is very well understood, hence this is an attractive property. When the flow solver does not converge fully due to either numerical or physical instabilities, the discrete adjoint is bound to diverge and force the gradient-based optimisation to stop prematurely.
Towards Building an Interactive , Scenario-based Training Simulator

This paper presents problems with non-interactive training simulators, and presents the design for an interactive system that will address these problems. The focus of this system is an omniscient Director agent that monitors the actions of the Trainee and other characters involved in a training scenario. Once the Director notices when the training goals of the scenario are not being met, it then dynamically modifies the state of the world to make reaching the training goals more likely. The pedagogical effectiveness of the training simulation should be increased through this observation and action combination.
Mebendazole Reduces Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Neointimal Formation Following Vascular Injury in Mice

Mebendazole is an antihelminthic drug that exerts its effects via interference with microtubule function in parasites. To determine the utility of mebendazole as a potential treatment for vascular diseases involving proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, the effects of mebendazole on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation were tested in vitro and in a mouse model of arterial injury. In vitro, mebendazole inhibited proliferation and migration of murine vascular smooth muscle cells and this was associated with altered intracellular microtubule organization. To determine in vivo effects of mebendazole following vascular injury, femoral arterial wire injury was induced in wild-type mice treated with either mebendazole or placebo control. Compared with placebo-treated mice, mebendazole-treated mice formed less neointima at the site of injury. Mebendazole is effective at inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and neointimal formation following arterial injury in mice.
Dynamic Equilibrium between Coupled and Uncoupled Modes of a Neuronal Glutamate Transporter*

In the brain, the neurotransmitter glutamate is removed from the synaptic cleft by (Na+ + K+)-coupled transporters by an electrogenic process. Moreover, these transporters mediate a sodium- and glutamate-dependent uncoupled chloride conductance. In contrast to the wild type, the uptake of radiolabeled substrate by the I421C mutant is inhibited by the membrane-impermeant [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl]methanethiosulfonate and also by other sulfhydryl reagents. In the wild-type and the unmodified mutant, substrate-induced currents are inwardly rectifying and reflect the sum of the coupled electrogenic flux and the anion conductance. Remarkably, the I421C mutant modified by sulfhydryl reagents exhibits currents that are non-rectifying and reverse at the equilibrium potential for chloride. Strikingly, almost 10-fold higher concentrations ofd-aspartate are required to activate the currents in the modified mutant as compared with untreated I421C. Under conditions in which only the coupled currents are observed, the modified mutant does not exhibit any currents. However, when the uncoupled current is dominant, sulfhydryl reagents cause >4-fold stimulation of this current. Thus, the modification of the cysteine introduced at position 421 impacts the coupled but not the uncoupled fluxes. Although both fluxes are activated by substrate, they behave as independent processes that are in dynamic equilibrium.
Analysis of full‐length mitochondrial DNA D‐loop sequences from Macaca fascicularis of different geographical origin reveals novel haplotypes

Cynomolgus macaques are indigenous to Asia occupying a range of geographical areas. A non‐indigenous population established on Mauritius approximately 500 years ago. Mauritian cynomolgus macaques are recognised as having low genetic diversity compared to Indonesian macaques, from which they originated. As cynomolgus macaques are widely used as a biomedical model, there have been many studies of their genetic relationships. However, population diversity and relationships have only been assessed through analysis of either the hypervariable region I or II separately within the D‐loop region of the mitochondrial genome in these macaques.
Demo of Headbanger: Authenticating smart wearable devices using unique head movement patterns

We demonstrate a system for direct authentication of users to their head-worn wearable device through a novel approach that identifies users based on motion signatures extracted from their head-movements. This approach is in contrast to existing indirect authentication solutions via smartphone or using touch-pad swipe patterns. The system, dubbed Headbanger, is a software authentication solution that leverages unique motion patterns created when users shake their head in response to music played on the head-worn device, and sensed through integrated accelerometers. In this demo, we demonstrate Headbanger on Google Glass and show the effectiveness of the system in two authentication modes, that include (i) a trained user reliably authenticated to the owned Glass device, and (ii) an attacker being prevented from login when attempting to login to the Glass device by imitating the owner's head-movements.
Power and performance of GPU-accelerated systems: A closer look

In this paper, we have presented a characterization of power and performance for GPU-accelerated systems. We selected four different NVIDIA GPUs from three generations of the GPU architecture in order to demonstrate generality of our contribution. One of our findings is that the power efficiency characteristics differ such that the best configuration is not identical between the GPUs. This evidence encourages future work on the management of power and performance for GPU-accelerated systems to benefit from dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. In future work, we plan to develop a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling algorithm for GPU-accelerated systems.