Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systems Analysis of Lactose Metabolism in Trichoderma reesei Identifies a Lactose Permease That Is Essential for Cellulase Induction

Trichoderma reesei colonizes predecayed wood in nature and metabolizes cellulose and hemicellulose from the plant biomass. The respective enzymes are industrially produced for application in the biofuel and biorefinery industry. However, these enzymes are also induced in the presence of lactose (1,4-0-ß-d-galactopyranosyl-d-glucose), a waste product from cheese manufacture or whey processing industries. In fact, lactose is the only soluble carbon source that induces these enzymes in T. reesei on an industrial level but the reason for this unique phenomenon is not understood. To answer this question, we used systems analysis of the T. reesei transcriptome during utilization of lactose. We found that the respective CAZome encoded all glycosyl hydrolases necessary for cellulose degradation and particularly for the attack of monocotyledon xyloglucan, from which ß-galactosides could be released that may act as the inducers of T. reesei’s cellulases and hemicellulases. In addition, lactose also induces a high number of putative transporters of the major facilitator superfamily. Deletion of fourteen of them identified one gene that is essential for lactose utilization and lactose uptake, and for cellulase induction by lactose (but not sophorose) in pregrown mycelia of T. reesei. These data shed new light on the mechanism by which T. reesei metabolizes lactose and offers strategies for its improvement. They also illuminate the key role of ß-D-galactosides in habitat specificity of this fungus.
Increased risk of revision of acetabular cups coated with hydroxyapatite

Background Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the main inorganic component of bone, and HA coating is widely used on acetabular cups in hip arthroplasty. It has been suggested that this surface finish improves cup survival. Methods All patients registered in the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register between 1992 and 2007 with an uncemented acetabular implant that was available either with or without HA coating were identified. 8,043 total hip arthroplasties (THAs) with the most common cup types (Harris-Galante, Romanus, and Trilogy) were investigated. A Cox regression model including type of coating, age, sex, primary diagnosis, cup type, and type of stem fixation was used to calculate adjusted risk ratios (RRs) for the risk of revision. Results HA coating was a risk factor for cup revision due to aseptic loosening (adjusted RR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3–2). Age at primary arthroplasty of < 50 years, a diagnosis of pediatric hip disease, the use of a cemented stem, and the Romanus and Harris-Galante cup types were also associated with statistically significantly increased risk of cup revision due to aseptic loosening. Interpretation Our findings question the routine use of HA-coated cups in primary total hip arthroplasty. With some designs, this practice may even increase the risk of loosening—resulting in revision surgery.
CHROMOSOME NUMBER AND SEX DETERMINATION COEVOLVE IN TURTLES

Although much progress has been achieved in understanding the genetic basis of adaptation, the drivers of genome evolution remain obscure. For instance, extensive variation among reptilian genomes continues largely unexplained, yet reptiles hold critical clues about vertebrate evolution. Turtles posses diverse chromosome numbers (2N= 28–66) derived from extensive genomic rearrangements, plus varied sex‐determining mechanisms (genotypic and temperature‐dependent). Here, we show that rates of evolution in turtle chromosome number are ∼20‐fold higher along phylogenetic branches where transitions between sex‐determining mechanisms also occur, revealing a strong coevolution of these traits and making drift a less likely driver. Directional tests indicate that both traits evolved effectively in synchrony. These events occurred near global extremes in temperature shifts over the last 200 million years, although the role of climate change remains unknown at this point. Two alternative testable explanations for these patterns are proposed. First, selection for sex determination turnover may co‐opt mechanisms (e.g., chromatin remodeling) favoring genomic rearrangements. Alternatively, chromosomal rearrangements underlying diploid number evolution may alter gene regulation enabling transitions in sex‐determining mechanisms. Our data indicate that the evolution of sex determination is intimately linked to profound genomic changes underlying diploid number evolution, the ecological context of which remains intriguing.
ON CURVED CREASES IN ART , DESIGN AND MATHEMATICS

In this paper we review masterpieces of curved crease folding, the deployed design methods and geometric studies regarding this special kind of paper folding. Our goal is to make this work and its techniques accessible to enable further development. By exploring significant works of the past and present of this still underexplored field, this paper aims to contribute to the history of this geometry and the development of novel design methods and a brief survey of approaches in geometry .
Knowledge Spillovers from FDI: A Critical Review from the International Business Perspective

This paper reviews and organizes the theoretical and empirical research on foreign direct investment (FDI) knowledge spillovers from the international business perspective. In doing so, it develops a framework for the analysis of this phenomenon. The suggested FDI knowledge spillover framework integrates both the macro‐level (country, industry, institutions) and micro‐level (multinational firm, headquarters, subsidiary, local firms) antecedents of spillovers with their consequences, and proposes to analyse spillovers along three main attributes that characterize their occurrence, i.e. their magnitude, scope and speed.
Intrahousehold Efficiency and Individual Insurance in Ghana

I test a model of Pareto efficient risk sharing within households using consumption data from Ghana. The results reject this model despite showing that individual consumption is not significantly affected by both agricultural and illness shocks. Turning to transfer data, I find evidence that men share risks with both family members and non-family friends when faced with shocks and that women share risk with non-family friends. The form of these arrangements differ based not only on the gender of the individual, but also the type of shock and nature of the transfer.
WD MS Systems as Progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae with Different Metallicities

The single-degenerate model for the progenitors of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is one of the two most popular models, in which a carbon–oxygen white dwarf accretes hydrogen-rich material from its companion, increases its mass to the Chandrasekhar mass limit, and then explodes as a SN Ia. Incorporating the prescription of Hachisu et al. (1999a, ApJ, 519, 314) for the accretion efficiency into Eggleton’s stellar evolution code and assuming that the prescription is valid for all metallicities, we carried out a detailed binary evolution study with different metallicities. We showed the initial and final parameter space for SNe Ia in a (log P –M2) plane. The positions of some famous recurrent novae in the (log P –M2) plane, as well as a supersoft X-ray source (SSS), RX J0513.9� 6951 are well explained by our model, and our model can also explain the space velocity and mass of Tycho G, which is now suggested to be a companion star of Tycho’s supernova. Our study indicates that a SSS, V Sge, is a potential progenitor of supernovae, like SN 2002ic, if the delayed dynamical-instability model in Han and Podsiadlowski (2006, MNRAS, 368, 1095) is appropriate.
Streaming Live Media over BitTorrent

In this paper, we present an effective approach for live media streaming based on BitTorrent mechanism. In the approach, several modi¿cations have been incorporated into BitTorrent to support on-time content delivery. First, pieces are selected based on their scheduler play back deadline. Second, source behaves in a push-based way instead of pull-based way. Finally, each peer periodically examines its active neighbors to improve the bandwidth utilization. Our simulations indicate that our proposals improve the band-width utilization and accommodate high scalability and resilience, and a good streaming quality can be achieved.
Loosely coordinated coscheduling in the context of other approaches for dynamic job scheduling: a survey

Loosely coordinated (implicit/dynamic) coscheduling is a time‐sharing approach that originates from network of workstations environments of mixed parallel/serial workloads and limitedsoftware support. It is meant to be an easy‐to‐implement and scalable approach. Considering that the percentage of clusters in parallel computing is increasing and easily portable software is needed, loosely coordinated coscheduling becomes an attractive approach for dedicated machines. Loose coordination offers attractive features as a dynamic approach. Static approaches for local job scheduling assign resources exclusively and non‐preemptively. Such approaches still remain beyond the desirable resource utilization and average response times. Conversely, approaches for dynamic scheduling of jobs can preempt resources and/or adapt their allocation. They typically provide better resource utilization and response times. Existing dynamic approaches are full preemption with checkpointing, dynamic adaptation of node/CPU allocation, and time sharing via gang or loosely coordinated coscheduling. This survey presents and compares the different approaches, while particularly focusing on the less well‐explored loosely coordinated time sharing. The discussion particularly focuses on the implementation problems, in terms of modification of standard operating systems, the runtime system and the communication libraries. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Case Study: An Implementation of a Secure Steganographic System

In this paper, we present the development of a Windows-based application implemented on the Microsoft . NET platform as a framework to allow a user to first compress and encrypt a secret message then hide its content into a cover image or audio file as well as extracting and retrieving the original data. A secure and robust steganographic system is achieved by applying and combining compression, encryption and steganography techniques.
Seeds of Destruction

This skilfully researched book focuses on how a small socio-political American elite seeks to establish its control over the very basis of human survival, the provision of our daily bread. 'Control the food and you control the people'. This is no ordinary book about the perils of GMO. Engdahl takes the reader inside the corridors of power, into the backrooms of the science labs, behind closed doors in the corporate boardrooms. The author reveals a World of profit-driven political intrigue, government corruption and coercion, where genetic manipulation and the patenting of life forms are used to gain world-wide control over food production. The book is an eye-opener, a must-read for all those committed to the causes of social justice and World peace.
On Estimation Algorithm for Radio Communication Distance along Rough Surface

This paper is concerned with the estimation of radio communication distance for wireless sensor networks when both the transmitters and receivers are arbitrarily distributed on a random rough surface such as desert, vegetation ground,sea surface and so on.First, we simulate electromagnetic wave propagation along the rough surface by using the discrete ray tracing method (DRTM). Second, we determine three parameters necessary for evaluation of communication distance by conjugate gradient method combined with the method of least-squares. Finally, we derive an analytical expression which can estimate the maximum communication distance when the input power of a transmitter and the minimum detectable electric intensity of a receiver are specified. Numerical examples are also given for estimated communication distances with the deviation of rough surface height as a parameter.
The Determination of Contract Wages in West Germany

The determination of contract wages in West Germany is studied within a bargaining framework, taking into account some institutional features of the bargaining system as well as the influence of economic forecasts and wage concepts. Cointegration regressions suggest that, in the long run, nominal contract wages are linked to prices, productivity (each with a unit elasticity), and unemployment. In addition to these factors, expectational errors concerning the inflation rate during the contract period and changes in the tax wedge affect (real) wage growth in the short run, but these effects seem to be temporary rather than permanent. Copyright 1993 by The editors of the Scandinavian Journal of Economics.
The Origins of Major War

Introduction1. Rethinking Realist Theories of Major War 2. Foreign Policy Choices and the Probability of Major War 3. German Security and the Preparation for World War I 4. The July Crisis and the Outbreak of World War I 5. The Rise of Russia and the Outbreak of World War II 6. Bipolarity, Shifting Power, and the Origins of the Cold War, 1945-1950 7. The Berlin and Cuban Missile Crises 8. Major War from Pericles to Napoleon 9. The Implications of the ArgumentAppendix Notes Index
Mechanisms Governing DDK Regulation of the Initiation of DNA Replication

The budding yeast Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK) complex—comprised of cell division cycle (Cdc7) kinase and its regulatory subunit dumbbell former 4 (Dbf4)—is required to trigger the initiation of DNA replication through the phosphorylation of multiple minichromosome maintenance complex subunits 2-7 (Mcm2-7). DDK is also a target of the radiation sensitive 53 (Rad53) checkpoint kinase in response to replication stress. Numerous investigations have determined mechanistic details, including the regions of Mcm2, Mcm4, and Mcm6 phosphorylated by DDK, and a number of DDK docking sites. Similarly, the way in which the Rad53 forkhead-associated 1 (FHA1) domain binds to DDK—involving both canonical and non-canonical interactions—has been elucidated. Recent work has revealed mutual promotion of DDK and synthetic lethal with dpb11-1 3 (Sld3) roles. While DDK phosphorylation of Mcm2-7 subunits facilitates their interaction with Sld3 at origins, Sld3 in turn stimulates DDK phosphorylation of Mcm2. Details of a mutually antagonistic relationship between DDK and Rap1-interacting factor 1 (Rif1) have also recently come to light. While Rif1 is able to reverse DDK-mediated Mcm2-7 complex phosphorylation by targeting the protein phosphatase glycogen 7 (Glc7) to origins, there is evidence to suggest that DDK can counteract this activity by binding to and phosphorylating Rif1.
A new unscented particle filter

We present a new unscented particle filter for dynamic systems that outperforms the general particle filter and the unscented particle filter when the variance of the observation noise is small. Our algorithm uses a bank of unscented Kalman filters to refine the prediction in particle filter. The key difference with the traditional unscented particle filter is the introduction of an auxiliary model and a bank of unscented Kalman filter with this auxiliary model to generate the importance distribution in the particle filter. This structure makes efficient use of the latest observation information. Our new algorithm use fewer particles than the general particle filters and its performance outperforms them.
Combined Use of MS2 and PP7 Coat Fusions Shows that TIA-1 Dominates hnRNP A1 for K-SAM Exon Splicing Control

Splicing of the FGFR2 K-SAM exon is repressed by hnRNP A1 bound to the exon and activated by TIA-1 bound to the downstream intron. Both proteins are expressed similarly by cells whether they splice the exon or not, so it is important to know which one is dominant. To answer this question, we used bacteriophage PP7 and bacteriophage MS2 coat fusions to tether hnRNP A1 and TIA-1 to distinct sites on the same pre-mRNA molecule. hnRNP A1 fused to one coat protein was tethered to a K-SAM exon containing the corresponding coat protein's binding site. TIA-1 fused to the other coat protein was tethered to the downstream intron containing that coat protein's binding site. This led to efficient K-SAM exon splicing. Our results show that TIA-1 is dominant for K-SAM exon splicing control and validate the combined use of PP7 and MS2 coat proteins for studying posttranscriptional events.
A theory of personality

Preface Maps Introductions: On Being Balkan 1. Patterns of External Involvement in the Balkans Before 1914 2. Southeast Europe's Search for Stability, 1914-1940 3. Whirlwind from the East: The Advance of communist Power, 1941-1948 4. Tyranny From Without and Within: The Balkans, 1949-1973 5. Nationalism Without reform: The Balkan Communist States, 1974-1989 Conclusion Bibliography Index
Modeling Human Bounded Rationality to Improve Defender Strategies in Network Security Games

In a Network Security Game (NSG), security agencies must allocate limited resources to protect targets embedded in a network, such as important buildings in a city road network. A recent line of work relaxed the perfectrationality assumption of human adversary and showed significant advantages of incorporating the bounded rationality adversary models in non-networked security domains. Given that real-world NSG are often extremely complex and hence very difficult for humans to solve, it is critical that we address human bounded rationality when designing defender strategies. To that end, the key contributions of this paper include: (i) comprehensive experiments with human subjects using a web-based game that we designed to simulate NSGs; (ii) new behavioral models of human adversary in NSGs, which we train with the data collected from human experiments; (iii) new algorithms for computing the defender optimal strategy against the new models.
In vitro and in vivo reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance by a novel potent modulator, XR9576.

The overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on the surface of tumor cells causes multidrug resistance (MDR). This protein acts as an energy-dependent drug efflux pump reducing the intracellular concentration of structurally unrelated drugs. Modulators of P-gp function can restore the sensitivity of MDR cells to such drugs. XR9576 is a novel anthranilic acid derivative developed as a potent and specific inhibitor of P-gp, and in this study we evaluate the in vitro and in vivo modulatory activity of this compound. The in vitro activity of XR9576 was evaluated using a panel of human (H69/LX4, 2780AD) and murine (EMT6 AR1.0, MC26) MDR cell lines. XR9576 potentiated the cytotoxicity of several drugs including doxorubicin, paclitaxel, etoposide, and vincristine; complete reversal of resistance was achieved in the presence of 25-80 nM XR9576. Direct comparative studies with other modulators indicated that XR9576 was one of the most potent modulators described to date. Accumulation and efflux studies with the P-gp substrates, [3H]daunorubicin and rhodamine 123, demonstrated that XR9576 inhibited P-gp-mediated drug efflux. The inhibition of P-gp function was reversible, but the effects persisted for >22 h after removal of the modulator from the incubation medium. This is in contrast to P-gp substrates such as cyclosporin A and verapamil, which lose their activity within 60 min, suggesting that XR9576 is not transported by P-gp. Also, XR9576 was a potent inhibitor of photoaffinity labeling of P-gp by [3H]azidopine implying a direct interaction with the protein. In mice bearing the intrinsically resistant MC26 colon tumors, coadministration of XR9576 potentiated the antitumor activity of doxorubicin without a significant increase in toxicity; maximum potentiation was observed at 2.5-4.0 mg/kg dosed either i.v. or p.o. In addition, coadministration of XR9576 (6-12 mg/kg p.o.) fully restored the antitumor activity of paclitaxel, etoposide, and vincristine against two highly resistant MDR human tumor xenografts (2780AD, H69/LX4) in nude mice. Importantly all of the efficacious combination schedules appeared to be well tolerated. Furthermore, i.v. coadministration of XR9576 did not alter the plasma pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel. These results demonstrate that XR9576 is an extremely potent, selective, and effective modulator with a long duration of action. It exhibits potent i.v. and p.o. activity without apparently enhancing the plasma pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel or the toxicity of coadministered drugs. Hence, XR9576 holds great promise for the treatment of P-gp-mediated MDR cancers.
Viet Nam: A Transition Tiger?

Viet Nam has seen consistent rapid economic growth and impressive declines in poverty since it initiated its Doi Moi economic reforms in the late 1980s. Viet Nam has taken a selective, step-by-step approach to reform—an approach often criticised by proponents of the Washington Consensus. That this approach has been so successful has come as something of a surprise to much of the international community.
The effect of a central supermassive black hole on gas fuelling

When a supermassive black hole exists in the centre of a galaxy, an additional inner Lindblad resonance (ILR) exists inside the usual ILRs. We study gas dynamics in a weakly barred potential with a central supermassive black hole by using 2D numerical simulations, and we investigate the effect of the additional ILR on the fuelling of gas into nuclear starburst regions or active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Our numerical results show that strong trailing spiral shocks are formed at the resonance region, and that the gas in the shock region is rapidly fuelled into a central region and makes a nuclear gas ring. As a result, a large amount of gas is concentrated in the nuclear region beyond the ILR in a dynamical time-scale.
A Multiharmonic Absorption Circuit Using Quasi-Multilayered Striplines for RF Power Amplifiers

A multiharmonic absorption circuit utilizing the quasi-multilayered striplines is presented. The circuit consists of a multiharmonic reflection filter, a broadband bandpass filter, and a termination. The novel quasi-multilayered striplines, which consist of alumina substrates stacked using solder balls, provide flexibility in the filter structure and realize low insertion loss at the fundamental frequency. The measured results of the fabricated filter exhibit an insertion loss of less than 0.47 dB at the fundamental operation frequency in C-band, as well as high absorption of the second, third, and fourth harmonics, thus outperforming existing solutions. In addition, the device is compact, with a size of only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.21~\lambda _{0} \times 0.39~\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the free space wavelength at C-band.