Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and leprosy: An unsolved mystery

Lung India • Volume 34 • Issue 6 • November December 2017 579 anomalies in the adult: Radiologic‐pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2002;22:S25‐43. 2. Cho HB, Kim HJ, Gong HY, Kim MG, Kim SH. Incidental left main bronchus obstruction during left‐sided double‐lumen tube intubation of a patient with an unrecognized tracheal bronchus: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95:e5674. 3. Laforet EG, Starkey GW, Scheff S. Anomalies of upper lobe bronchial distributions. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1962;43:595‐606. 4. Siegel MJ, Shackelford GD, Francis RS, McAlister WH. Tracheal bronchus. Radiology 1979;130:353‐5. 5. Féo f i lov GL , Oss ipov VP . T rachea l b ronch i . B ronches 1970;20:274‐83. 6. Ritsema GH. Ectopic right bronchus: Indication for bronchography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1983;140:671‐4. 7. Barat M, Konrad HR. Tracheal bronchus. Am J Otolaryngol 1987;8:118‐22. 8. Keslar P, Newman B, Oh KS. Radiographic manifestations of anomalies of the lung. Radiol Clin North Am 1991;29:255‐70. 9. Bertrand P, Navarro H, Caussade S, Holmgren N, Sánchez I. Airway anomalies in children with down syndrome: Endoscopic findings. Pediatr Pulmonol 2003;36:137‐41. 10. Ikeno S, Mitsuhata H, Saito K, Hirabayashi Y, Akazawa S, Kasuda H, et al. Airway management for patients with a tracheal bronchus. Br J Anaesth 1996;76:573‐5. 11. Sato M, Hasegawa S, Shoji T, Wada H. Tracheobronchoplasty for resection of lung cancer arising from a tracheal bronchus. Ann Thorac Surg 2002;73:310‐2. 12. Beder S, Küpeli E, Karnak D, Kayacan O. Tracheobronchial variations How to cite this article: Singh K, Agrawal A, Sahu D, Chaudhary M. Extremely rare congenital tracheobronchial anomaly of bronchus suis: A hidden cause of pulmonary infection. Lung India 2017;34:577-9. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Interdependency of sport supply and sport demand in German metropolitan and medium-sized municipalities – findings from multi-level analyses

Abstract One main reason for promoting sports participation is the assumption that sports participation creates several positive effects for society. If so, the question arises how sports participation can be promoted effectively. Research has shown that the quantity and quality of the sport infrastructure has an impact on the sports participation of residents. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding different sizes of municipalities. This paper analyses whether there are differences in metropolitan and medium-sized municipalities using multi-level analyses. On the individual level, data from population surveys in metropolitan (n=11,715) and medium-sized municipalities (n=9,302) is used. On the infrastructure, data about sport supply was provided by the municipalities and segmented into urban districts (n=25 for the metropolis and n=53 for the medium-sized municipalities). The results show that the supply of swimming pools is of importance in metropolitan areas whereas a good supply of sports fields has a significant impact on sports participation in medium-sized municipalities. This leads to the conclusion that different types of municipalities can increase sports participation by offering a good supply of particular sports facilities to all groups of the population. These differences must be considered by policy makers.
Partnerships Between Businesses and NGOs in the Field of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Model of Success From the Perspective of Relationship Marketing

Social alliances have become a mechanism that businesses and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have adopted in order to work together to address complex social problems that neither sector alone has the knowledge and resources needed to deal with appropriately. In combining the 2 different perspectives, these partnerships can create mutual value. Many such alliances have, however, been unsuccessful. The present work focuses on designing a theoretical model of successful partnerships between businesses and NGOs constructed within the perspective of relationship marketing—a theory that is found to be well suited to setting up and maintaining successful, long-term, relational exchanges.
Flux density calibration in diffuse optical tomographic systems

Abstract. The solution of the forward equation that models the transport of light through a highly scattering tissue material in diffuse optical tomography (DOT) using the finite element method gives flux density (Φ) at the nodal points of the mesh. The experimentally measured flux (Umeasured) on the boundary over a finite surface area in a DOT system has to be corrected to account for the system transfer functions (R) of various building blocks of the measurement system. We present two methods to compensate for the perturbations caused by R and estimate true flux density (Φ) from Umeasuredcal. In the first approach, the measurement data with a homogeneous phantom (Umeasuredhomo) is used to calibrate the measurement system. The second scheme estimates the homogeneous phantom measurement using only the measurement from a heterogeneous phantom, thereby eliminating the necessity of a homogeneous phantom. This is done by statistically averaging the data (Umeasuredhetero) and redistributing it to the corresponding detector positions. The experiments carried out on tissue mimicking phantom with single and multiple inhomogeneities, human hand, and a pork tissue phantom demonstrate the robustness of the approach.
DENSITY‐DEPENDENT SELECTION ON CONTINUOUS CHARACTERS: A QUANTITATIVE GENETIC MODEL

A quantitative genetic model of density‐dependent selection is presented and analysed with parameter values obtained from laboratory selection experiments conducted by Mueller and his coworkers. The ecological concept of r‐ and K‐selection is formulated in terms of selection gradients on underlying phenotypic characters that influence the density‐dependent measure of fitness. Hence the selection gradients on traits are decomposed into two components, one that changes in the direction to increase r, and one that changes in the direction to increase K. The relative importance of the two components is determined by temporal fluctuations in population density. The evolutionary rate of r and K (per‐generation changes in r and K due to the genetic responses of the underlying traits) is also formulated. Numerical simulation has shown that with moderate genetic variances of the underlying characters, r and K can evolve rapidly and the evolutionary rate is influenced by synergistic interaction between characters that contribute to r and K. But strong r‐selection can occur only with severe and continuous disturbances of populations so that the population density is kept low enough to prevent K‐selection.
Strategic Significance of Internal Marketing in Maximizing Value Proposition of Services: A Study Applying ISSI Model in the Banking Sector

Internal marketing is a key ingredient to service profit chain. The internal customer satisfaction and retention has a profound impact on external customer satisfaction and retention. The value chain (VC) analysis of a service firm like a bank shows that one of the supportive functions of VC is the stabilization and optimal usage of HR – the internal customers. This paper tries to assess the strategic significance of internal marketing by applying Internal Services Satisfaction Index (ISSI) model (Manfred Bruhn, 2003).
A simple algorithm for emotion recognition, using physiological signals of a smart watch

Recently, it has become easier and more common to measure physiological signals through wearable devices such as smart watches. Extracting emotional states of individuals with problems expressing it, such as autistic individuals, can help their parents, friends, and therapists to obtain a better understanding of what they feel throughout their day. Although emotion recognition methods based on physiological signals have been studied for many years, there is a smaller body of literature about systems working with data obtained from wearable devices. In this paper, we present an emotion recognition system with a small footprint suitable for limited resources of wearable devices. Other than identifying the emotions (with a success rate of 65%), The proposed system also tags each recognition with a confidence value (on average 57%).
The Optimization of Remote Spatial Join Queries on Spatial Information Grid

The remote spatial join queries are always the performance bottleneck in the distributed spatial information query. In the paper, the spatial join queries are optimized by taking advantage of the grid computing resources according to the characteristics of spatial information. At first, the software architecture for distributed spatial query is designed as the different kinds of grid services, and in the architecture, the grid computing resources are utilized by the remote spatial join query grid services; Secondly, the partitioned parallel spatial join queries are implemented by the Kd-Tree based spatial partition method, in the way, a spatial join query task is separated into several sub-spatial join queries, which can run in parallel to improve the query performance, and the cost model for the partitioned parallel spatial join queries is also presented; Thirdly, the optimization algorithm for the query plan generation and some implementation details are brief descript; At last, the paper is summarized and the future research directions are discussed.
Efficacy of Adderall® for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A meta-analysis

Stimulant medication has, for many years, been the pharmacological treatment of choice for children and adults with Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Several studies have shown Adderall®, to be efficacious for measures of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, aggression, disruptive behavior, and academic productivity. Although these studies provide useful information for clinicians treating ADHD children and adults, the variability in efficacy among the different types of measures used within each study has not been comprehensively examined. Thus, to provide a clearer picture of what conclusions can be drawn from these studies, we performed a meta-analysis. Data from the six available studies of standard release Adderall® show it to be efficacious for symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity- impulsivity, and aggression, as well as global ratings. Its efficacy was significant for clinician, parent, and teacher ratings, and for both fixed- and best-dose designs.
The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Bankers' Self Efficacy in Nigeria

The study developed a scale to measure Bankers’ Self Efficacy (BSS). Study population comprised bankers in the Lagos (Nigeria) offices of the top 13 commercial banks in the industry. A 37-item Likert scale was administered on 650 bankers. Of these, 456 were properly completed and returned. Data collected were subjected factor and reliability analyses. The BSS had 9 initial factors (sub-scales). Principal Component Analysis reduced the factors to 7 which accounted for 54.68% of the total scale variance while Scree plot produced 4 factors. The factors were Customer Service, Electronic Banking, Lending and Credit Administration and Internal Controls. The standardised Crombach’s Alpha coefficients of the sub-scale were 0.88, 0.72, 0.67 and 0.65 respectively confirming that a banker’s self efficacy could be demonstrated along these factors. The 37–item BSS had Crombach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.84 and Split-half coefficient of 0.69 but the coefficient of the final 30-item BSS showed a major improvement with both coefficients improving to 0.89 and 0.86 respectively. It was concluded that the Bankers’ self efficacy scale developed in this study has adequate psychometric properties and can effectively measure the construct in Nigeria.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces phaeoluteigriseus DSM41896

ABSTRACT The draft genome for the type strain Streptomyces phaeoluteigriseus DSM41896 (ISP 5182) is reported. It was classified as a member of the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade; however, a polyphasic study showed it was a separate species based on its distinct spore morphology and 16S rRNA sequence. The genome sequence confirms it as a separate species.
Merging Activity as Rational Explanation of Long-Run Underperformance of Ipos

This paper examines the phenomena of IPO underpricing and underperformance in the same rational model. In this model, underpricing is caused by the presence of uninformed investors. Low-type firms carry out an IPO at same condition as high-type firms. Instead of investing by own, these latter prefer to merge with a bidder which entails their delisting from the market. The behavior of these firms provides a rational explanation for the underperformance phenomenon since only low-type firms remain on the market. First preliminary findings are consistent with the basic idea of the model. We show that when mergers occur the monthly average return of remaining firms is significantly negative whereas the monthly average return is not significantly different from zero for months without mergers. This result suggests that mergers induce a depreciating effect on the remaining firms and could be a source of underperformance.
Working Papers in Trade and Development Does sending farmers back to school have an impact ? a spatial econometric approach

The Farmer Field School (FFS) is an intensive training program providing farmers with science based knowledge and practices, including integrated pest management (IPM). Recently there has been intensive debate as to whether or not this kind of training has any significant impact. Most case studies argue that the impact, in terms of a farmer’s ability to reduce the use or pesticides while increasing yields, is significant. However, studies conducted by Feder et al., using a household panel data set for Indonesia, could not confirm that this is the case. This paper utilizes Feder et al.’s data set and applies a modified model specification and a spatial econometric technique to re-evaluate whether or not the FFS induces better performances among farmers enrolled in the program and also among their neighbors, who are expected to receive some spillover knowledge from the FFS alumna.
Theory to practical implementation of full-bridge modular multilevel converter for HVDC applications

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become a prominent converter topology used in HVDC transmission systems over the past decade. The efficiency, size and system performance are the main factors of the HVDC converter stations which directly affect the converter performance end-cost. Replacing conventional half-bridge (HB) cells by full-bridge (FB) cells in the MMC arms offers new features such as the dc fault blocking capability for grid-connected voltage source converters (VSC) at the cost of higher number of devices and conduction losses. However, practical implementation of FB MMC has not been fully discussed so far. In this paper, the implementation challenges of FB MMC is addressed in both steady-state and dynamic operation modes of a point-to-point HVDC link. The work is supported with the analysis of design arguments for a realistic converter station.
Cyclic di‐AMP targets the cystathionine beta‐synthase domain of the osmolyte transporter OpuC

Cellular turgor is of fundamental importance to bacterial growth and survival. Changes in external osmolarity as a consequence of fluctuating environmental conditions and colonization of diverse environments can significantly impact cytoplasmic water content, resulting in cellular lysis or plasmolysis. To ensure maintenance of appropriate cellular turgor, bacteria import ions and small organic osmolytes, deemed compatible solutes, to equilibrate cytoplasmic osmolarity with the extracellular environment. Here, we show that elevated levels of c‐di‐AMP, a ubiquitous second messenger among bacteria, result in significant susceptibility to elevated osmotic stress in the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. We found that levels of import of the compatible solute carnitine show an inverse correlation with intracellular c‐di‐AMP content and that c‐di‐AMP directly binds to the CBS domain of the ATPase subunit of the carnitine importer OpuC. Biochemical and structural studies identify conserved residues required for this interaction and transport activity in bacterial cells. Overall, these studies reveal a role for c‐di‐AMP mediated regulation of compatible solute import and provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms by which this essential second messenger impacts bacterial physiology and adaptation to changing environmental conditions.
THE OVER-REPRESENTATION OF CHILDREN IN CARE IN THE YOUTH CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: THEORY AND POLICY ISSUES

Placement in child protection services, or becoming a child in care, is associated with a disproportionate involvement in youth and adult criminal justice systems. While there is not extensive research on this relationship, there is evidence that many children in care have risk profiles consistent with criminal justice involvement. This article provides an overview of the prevalence of exposure to risk factors related to mental health, education, and antisocial behaviour among children in care, in addition to risk factors that are distinctive to those placed in child protection services. A recent large cohort dataset from British Columbia, Canada, is utilized to examine these risk profiles. Recommendations to identify those involved in child protection services most at risk for criminal justice involvement, with the use of risk management instruments such as the Cracow Instrument, are discussed. In addition, several other important policy themes regarding diagnostic and case management challenges are explored.
Temporal Variation in Structural Microhabitat Use of Phelsuma Geckos in Mauritius

Abstract Microhabitat use is an important aspect of an organism's niche, often influencing both intra- and interspecific interactions such as competition. To reduce competitive interactions, species may shift their behavior when in sympatry to gain greater access to resources, resulting in patterns of habitat partitioning. Previous studies have described structural microhabitat partitioning in Phelsuma geckos with the likely cause being interference competition. Such interference competition also may lead to temporal microhabitat partitioning. We investigated the presence of temporal habitat partitioning in Phelsuma geckos from Mauritius and the relation of partitioning to competition. We found temporal variation in microhabitat use for Mauritian Phelsuma. However, this variation was not clearly associated with the presence of other focal Phelsuma species, suggesting competition may not be responsible for the observed pattern. Temporal habitat partitioning in Mauritian Phelsuma geckos may be attributable to historical competition or other factors such as thermoregulation, food availability, or predator avoidance. We encourage future studies to investigate the mechanisms of temporal microhabitat variation.
Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Containing a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype-E Envelope Gene: Persistent Infection, CD4+ T-Cell Depletion, and Mucosal Membrane Transmission in Macaques

ABSTRACT The envelope (env) glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) determines several viral properties (e.g., coreceptor usage, cell tropism, and cytopathicity) and is a major target of antiviral immune responses. Most investigations on env have been conducted on subtype-B viral strains, prevalent in North America and Europe. Our study aimed to analyze env genes of subtype-E viral strains, prevalent in Asia and Africa, with a nonhuman primate model for lentivirus infection and AIDS. To this end, we constructed a simian immunodeficiency virus/HIV-1 subtype-E (SHIV) recombinant clone by replacing the env ectodomain of the SHIV-33 clone with theenv ectodomain from the subtype-E strain HIV-1CAR402, which was isolated from an individual in the Central African Republic. Virus from this recombinant clone, designated SHIV-E-CAR, replicated efficiently in macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Accordingly, juvenile macaques were inoculated with cell-free SHIV-E-CAR by the intravenous or intravaginal route; virus replicated in these animals but did not produce hematological abnormalities. In an attempt to elicit the pathogenic potential of the recombinant clone, we serially passaged this viral clone via transfusion of blood and bone marrow through juvenile macaques to produce SHIV-E-P4 (fourth-passage virus). The serially passaged virus established productive infection and CD4+ T-cell depletion in juvenile macaques inoculated by either the intravenous or the intravaginal route. Determination of the coreceptor usage of SHIV-E-CAR and serially passaged SHIV-E-P4 indicated that both of these viruses utilized CXCR4 as a coreceptor. In summary, the serially passaged SHIV subtype-E chimeric virus will be important for studies aimed at developing a nonhuman primate model for analyzing the functions of subtype-E env genes in viral transmission and pathogenesis and for vaccine challenge experiments with macaques immunized with HIV-1 env antigens.
Benchmarking of hospital activity data: an international comparison

Purpose – The aim of the study is to examine the feasibility of comparing hospitals internationally and to highlight some of the barriers.Design/methodology/approach – Comparative analysis of anonymised patient‐level data from hospitals in New Zealand and the UK.Findings – Comparisons were made of aggregate statistics. For example, it was found that average length of stay and death rates in New Zealand were lower than in the UK, although average severity was higher. Adverse reactions were higher in the New Zealand sample than in that of the UK.Research limitations/implications – There were data limitations associated with different coding conventions in the two countries. There may also be different coding conventions used when classifying data. The research attempted to correct for this, but some may remain.Originality/value – There are few cross‐national comparisons of hospital performance. This paper shows that such analysis is possible. It is hoped that further effort can be put into addressing some o.
Implementation and Evaluation of Parallel FFT Using SIMD Instructions on Multi-core Processors

In this paper, an implementation of a parallel two- dimensional fast Fourier transform (FFT) using short vector SIMD instructions on multi-core processors is proposed. Combination of vectorization and the block two- dimensional FFT algorithm is shown to effectively improve performance. We vectorized FFT kernels using Intel's streaming SIMD extensions 3 (SSE3) instruction. The performance results for two-dimensional FFTs on multi-core processors are reported. We succeeded in obtaining a performance of over 2.7 GFLOPS on a dual-core Intel Xeon (2.8 GHz, two CPUs, four cores) and over 3.3 GFLOPS on an Intel Core2 Duo E6600 (2.4 GHz, one CPU, two cores) for a 210 times 210 -point FFT.