Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Stabilizing Symmetry Breaking in Constant Space

We investigate the problem of self-stabilizing round-robin token management on a bidirectional ring of identical processors. Each processor is an asynchronous probabilistic finite state (i.e., constant space) machine which sends and receives constant-size messages and whose state transition is triggered by the receipt of a message. We also show that this problem is equivalent to symmetry breaking (i.e., leader election). We justify and suggest a two-layer (hardware and software) solution to the token management problem: The subproblem of reducing an arbitrary but nonzero number of tokens (in an otherwise arbitrary initial system state) to exactly one token (and a legal system state) is solved in hardware and takes only small polynomial time. The detection of a complete lack of tokens (communication deadlock) is done by a software clock. In high-speed networks the hardware layer can be implemented using fast universal switches (i.e., finite state machines) independent of the size of the network. We note that randomization is essential, since Dijkstra showed that for arbitrary rings the subproblem does not have a deterministic solution (regardless of the computational power of the identical processors). The use of the software layer (deadlock detection) in our solution is minimized.
Research on Short Text Classification Algorithm Based on Statistics and Rules

In this paper, we introduced the overview of short text research and the short text classification firstly. On the foundation of several common used classic text classification algorithms, mainly according to the major feature extraction methods, the short text classification based on statistics and rules is proposed. Experiments show that this algorithm has better performance than other algorithms. In order to improve the recall rate of short text classification, two-steps classification method is put forward.
A strategy for detection of structural conserved regions and contacts in protein superfamilies: application to the PLP-dependent enzymes

During the last few years, structural and genomic projects provided us with a wealth of biological information that now opens new prospects of understanding life and evolution at the molecular level [1]. In the next future, one of the main challenges will be the organization and the interpretation of this exponentially growing amount of data. In this work, we show how the rational application of computational techniques can be exploited to derive a deeper knowledge of the mechanisms underlying protein folding and evolution of protein superfamilies. In particular, the application of such techniques to the case of the fold-type I PLP-dependent enzymes is described.
Dendro: Parallel algorithms for multigrid and AMR methods on 2:1 balanced octrees

In this article, we present Dendro, a suite of parallel algorithms for the discretization and solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) involving second-order elliptic operators. Dendro uses trilinear finite element discretizations constructed using octrees. Dendro, comprises four main modules: a bottom-up octree generation and 2:1 balancing module, a meshing module, a geometric multiplicative multigrid module, and a module for adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). Here, we focus on the multigrid and AMR modules. The key features of Dendro are coarsening/refinement, inter-octree transfers of scalar and vector fields, and parallel partition of multilevel octree forests. We describe a bottom-up algorithm for constructing the coarser multigrid levels. The input is an arbitrary 2:1 balanced octree-based mesh, representing the fine level mesh. The output is a set of octrees and meshes that are used in the multigrid sweeps. Also, we describe matrix-free implementations for the discretized PDE operators and the intergrid transfer operations. We present results on up to 4096 CPUs on the Cray XT3 (ldquoBigBenrdquo), the Intel 64 system (ldquoAberdquo), and the Sun Constellation Linux cluster (ldquoRangerrdquo).
Evolution of the Galaxy Luminosity Function for Redshift and Density Environment at 0.03 < z < 0.5

Using the galaxy sample observed by the Beijing-Arizona-Taiwan-Connecticut (BATC) large-field multicolor sky survey and the galaxy data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in overlapping fields, we study the dependence of the rest-frame r-band galaxy luminosity function on redshift and on the large-scale environment. The large-scale environment is defined by isodensity contours with density contrast δρ/ρ. The data set is a composite sample of 69,671 galaxies with redshifts 0.03 < z < 0.5 and r < 21.5 mag. The redshift data are composed of three parts: (1) spectroscopic redshifts in SDSS for local and the most luminous galaxies, (2) 20-color photometric redshifts derived from BATC and SDSS, and (3) five-color photometric redshifts in SDSS. We find that the faint-end slope α steepens slightly from -1.21 at z ~ 0.06 to -1.35 at z ~ 0.4, which is the natural consequence of the hierarchical formation of galaxies. The luminosity function also differs with different environments. The value of α changes from -1.21 in underdense regions to -1.37 in overdense regions, and the corresponding M* brightens from -22.26 to -22.64. This suggests that the fraction of faint galaxies is larger in high-density regions than in low-density regions.
The Islamic approach of obligations in mutual relations between employee and employer

Purpose The exchange approach in management has viewed employee and employer relationship as a mutual relation, and this notion offers a causal explanation for the exchanges that occur between employee and employer. The purpose of the paper is to use the notion of “mutual relations” in the employment context to reflect on similar conceptions from the Islamic perspective and to throw light on Muslim obligations in employee–employer mutual relations seeking for benefits and preventing harm. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on observations of other scholars in exchange theories based on reciprocity norm, well-being (maslaha), Islamic spiritual bases (taqwa, seeking for halal), work ethics in Islam and other Islamic teachings play toward understanding the nature of employee–employer mutual relationship from Islamic perspective. Two main social exchange theories (SET) are discussed to give a comprehensive view to the paper’s issue along with the literature reviewed from early Muslim scholars’ works, sayings of Prophet Muhammad PBUM and Holy Qur’an. Findings The literature indicates that it is possible to identify common ethical and contractual obligations in the employer’s and employee’s mutual relations from Islamic ideology. Given the paucity of research on employment relations in Islam, the paper offers an original perspective on this topic. Originality/value The paper concludes that a Muslim work obligation has to be based on the understanding of the scope and nature of the contract between employee and employer. Allah (The All-Knowing) knows that even if all obligations in employee and employer mutual relations are clear, human error might occur.
TIME DOMAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF BROADBAND ANTIPODAL FERMI ANTENNA AND ITS APPLICATION TO THROUGH-WALL IMAGING

1. INTRODUCTION There is a great demand for broadband antennas used for many applications such as the ultra-wideband (UWB) communications, the EMI measurements and the wideband radars. Considering the transmission and reception of pulse signals, not only broadband characteristics of input impedance and radiation pattern but also the distortionless condition are required. Among many types of broadband antennas such as the bow-tie antenna, the log-periodic dipole array antenna, the spiral antenna, the TEM horn antenna and the double ridged horn antenna, the tapered slot antenna (TSA) is well known as traveling wave operation, low weight, thin structure , easy to fabricate, well suited for microwave integrated circuits (MICs) and is expected for the applications described above. Recently, Sugawara et al. have proposed a TSA called " Fermi antenna " [1] having a profile defined by the Fermi-Dirac function as well as the corrugation on the side of the substrate. In our previous paper [2], the antipodal Fermi antenna (APFA) with the combination of antipodal feeding section [3] and Fermi-Dirac taper section has been proposed and high gain and the lower cross polarization level are obtained in a broadband frequency range. The FDTD analysis was also performed showing that the VSWR and the radiation patterns were almost agree with the measured data. In this paper, time domain characteristics of the APFA designed in [2] are investigated. 2-element H-plane APFA array is also developed as a quasi-monostatic pulse radar for the application of through-wall imaging. 2. GEOMETRY Fig. 1 shows the geometry of the APFA. The Fermi-Dirac taper is determined by f (x) = a/(1+e −b(x−c)) [4]-[6] where a denotes the asymptotic value of the width of the taper for x → ∞ and c denotes the x coordinate of the inflection point of the Fermi-Dirac function. Because of the relation of f 0 (c) = ab/4, b is related to the gradient at the inflection point c. Also there is a relation of f (c) = a/2 and W = 2a when b(L − c) À 1. Dimensions of the APFA are shown in Fig. 1. 3. EXPERIMENTS The vector network analyzer 8722ET (Agilent Technologies) is used for frequency-domain measurement. The time-domain data were obtained by the frequency-domain data in the frequency range from 2GHz to 18GHz (Bandwidth=16GHz) which yield a time resolution of ∆t=0.0625ns. The transmission coefficient S 21 between two APFAs separated with a distance d in the opposite …
Realistic Simulation of Urban Mesh Networks-Part I : Urban Mobility

It is a truism that simulations of mobile wireless networks (e.g., MANETs) are not realistic. There has been little effort in developing realistic mobility models and while propagation is well understood, it is rarely applied. In urban areas, the mobility of vehicles and pedestrians is greatly influenced by the environment (e.g., the location of buildings) as well as by interaction with other nodes (e.g., congestion). On the other hand, in urban areas, buildings, and hence streets lined with buildings, have a significant impact on the propagation of wireless signals. As a result, simulation techniques such as random way-point mobility and free-space propagation cannot be used to investigate the large-scale urban mesh networks that are currently being deployed around the world. In this paper, a realistic mobility model for urban wireless networks is presented. In a companion paper, propagation simulation is addressed. Both simulators are part of a freely available suite of tools for simulating urban networks. A distinguishing feature of the urban mobility model presented here is that nearly all aspects of the mobility models and model parameters are derived from urban planing and traffic engineering research.
Algorithm research on location of bottle mouth and bottom in intelligent empty bottle inspection system

Intelligent empty bottle inspection system is an important inspection equipment of empty bottle before filling beer, it is a blend of machine vision, precision machine and realtime control. They need to cooperate perfectly to achieve the desired effect. In the design of the empty bottle inspection system, one of the key technologies is the location of the bottle mouth and bottom which affect the speed and accuracy of the inspection. In this paper, first of all, we process the image of the bottle mouth and bottom by de-noising, contrast enhancement and edge detection, then analyze the location of the bottle mouth and bottom. Finally, we put forward different location algorithms for the bottle mouth and bottom by their different characters. Experiments show that this method can effectively improve the precision of the location of the bottle mouth and bottom and it has great practical value.
Tracking control of an underactuated surface vessel

We consider tracking control of a surface vessel with only two control inputs. The surface vessel model has certain similarities with chained form systems, but cannot be transformed to chained form. In particular, the model has a drift vector field as opposed to the drift-free chained form systems. It is shown, however, that methods developed for tracking control of chained form systems, can be used for developing a tracking control law for the surface vessel. Through a coordinate transformation the model is put in a triangular-like form which makes it possible to use integrator backstepping to develop a tracking control law. The control law steers both the position variables and the course angle of the surface vessel, providing semi-global exponential stabilization of the desired trajectory.
Agent-Mediated Electronic Commerce: An MIT Media Laboratory Perspective

Abstract: Software agents, semi-intelligent autonomous tools, will play an increasing role in electronic commerce applications. This paper gives an overview of the work at MIT’s Media Laboratory on several types of agents for electronic commerce, ranging from consumer-to-consumer “smart” classified-ad systems to merchant agents that provide integrative negotiation capabilities, from agents that facilitate expertise brokering to distributed reputation facilities, and from point-of-sale comparison-shopping agents to mobile shopping systems.
The Relationship between Humor Styles and Five Factor Personality Traits of Physical Education and Sports Students

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the humor styles and personality of the students of Physical Education and Sports College. The sample of the study consists of 732 students who have been established by random method and study in four different physical education and sports colleges of Turkey in 2014-2015 the spring term. "The Five Factor Personality Traits" and "Humor Styles Questionnaire" were applied to determine scores of the five factors personality traits and humor styles of students. The findings of this research have been summarized below. No significant difference has been found between average scores of participating students' gender, personality and humor styles. In terms of age variable, the mean neuroticism scores of participants in the age range from 23 and above are significantly higher in comparison to participants in the age range 22 and below. Consequently, it has been determined that there is a relation between the five factor personality traits and students' humor styles, besides it has been raised significant differences on their five factor personality traits and humor styles according to variables of participants' age and class.
An Empirical Analysis on Social Capital and Enterprise 2.0 Participation in a Research Institute

Social capital broadly refers to the opportunities an individual has by being part of a network of relationships. Recently organizations started deploying internal Enterprise 2.0 platforms and Social Network Sites (SNS) to improve how employees collaborate and work. In this paper we report our analysis of the relationships between social capital and the use of a SNS in a research institute. Data collected through a survey from 54% of its 670 employees have been investigated with factor and regression analysis. We found users enabled to use the system, currently one third of all employees, have significantly higher social capital. Moreover social capital correlates with self-reported intensity of SNS usage, while we did not find statistically significant correlation with real usage extracted from system logs but for the unexpected fact that heavy users exhibit a smaller knowledge of their colleagues. We also find significant relationships between social capital and different demographic features such as seniority, job role, age, gender. There are few studies analyzing the real impact of SNSs on employees ability to collaborate. We believe further work is needed in this area so we released the SNS we developed as open source software, aiming at promoting its adoption by other organizations. We also released the dataset we collected in this analysis for comparative purposes.
Image Preprocessing for Compression : Attribute Filtering

This work proposes a preprocessing method for image compression based on attribute filtering. This method is completely shape preserving and computationally cheap. Three filters were investigated, including one derived from the power filter of Evans and Young that removes even more perceptually unimportant information. The results from 22 images that were processed in various ways and compressed using the popular compression algorithms of Jpeg, Jpeg2000 and LZW are presented. Our experiments have shown that all the filters cause an improvement of as much as 11, 10 and 20% for jpeg, jpeg2000 and LZW algorithms respectively.
On structure and implementation of algorithms for carrier and symbol synchronization in software defined radios

Synchronization techniques based on DSP implementations are often digital emulations of their analog prototypes. Such solutions do not include structures and algorithms responsive to DSP system considerations and implementation strengths and weaknesses. We present a number of unconventional algorithms and structures used in carrier and timing recovery schemes. Multirate signal processing, polyphase filter structures, and CORDIC subsystems are at the heart of efficient first principle DSP based solutions to carrier recovery, matched filtering, timing recovery, and phase detection tasks required for synchronization.
Study of Data Mining in Higher Education-A Review

Education sector widely used conceptual tools of “Data Mining” in prediction of student’s performance. In this paper the challenges that are faced by higher education sector are discused and from that we will try to predict student’s performance using tools. In this paper we also organize data using weka data mining tool which helps to recognize the data. Keywords‐Classification, Clustering, Data Mining, Decision Tree, Education Data Mining (EDM), Higher Education.
A tool for collection of region based data from uterine cervix images for correlation of visual and clinical variables related to cervical neoplasia

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is collaborating with the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to create a database of digitized images of the uterine cervix for research, training, and education. The database of 100,000 images collected in NCI projects will be Web-accessible and will contain not only the digitized images, but also clinical, longitudinal data relevant to the detection of uterine cervix cancer. The database will also contain spatial data in the form of expert-marked boundary regions of anatomy and tissue regions of high interest. The collection of this spatial data is enabled by customized software, the Boundary Marking Tool (BMT). The BMT, its significance, and its use in preliminary research studies, are described in this paper.
An Efficient Algorithm for Constructing Optimal Design of Computer Experiments

Metamodeling approach has been widely used due to the high computational cost of using high-fidelity simulations in engineering design. The accuracy of metamodels is directly related to the experimental designs used. Optimal experimental designs have been shown to have good “space filling” and projective properties. However, the high cost in constructing them limits their use. In this paper, a new algorithm for constructing optimal experimental designs is developed. There are two major developments involved in this work. One is on developing an efficient global optimal search algorithm, named as enhanced stochastic evolutionary (ESE) algorithm. The other is on developing efficient algorithms for evaluating optimality criteria. The proposed algorithm is compared to two existing algorithms and is found to be much more efficient in terms of the computation time, the number of exchanges needed for generating new designs, and the achieved optimality criteria. The algorithm is also very flexible to construct various classes of optimal designs to retain certain structural properties.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Soft X-ray emission lines in the afterglow spectrum of GRB 011211: A detailed XMM-Newton analysis

We report on an XMM-Newtonobservation of the X-ray afterglow of the Gamma Ray Burst GRB 011211, originally detected by Beppo-SAX on 11th December 2001. The early afterglow spectrum obtained by XMM-Newton, observed 11 hours after the initial burst, appeared to reveal decaying H-like K emission lines of Mg, Si, S, Ar and Ca, arising in enriched material with an outflow velocity of order 0.1c (Reeves et al. 2002). This was attributed to matter ejected from a massive stellar progenitor occurring shortly before the burst itself. Here, we present a detailed re-analysis of the XMM-NewtonEPIC observations of GRB 011211. In particular, we show that the detection of the soft X-ray line emission appears robust, regardless of detector background, calibration, spectral binning, or the spectral model that is assumed. We demonstrate that thermal emission, from an optically thin plasma, is the most plausible model that can account for the soft X-ray emission, which appears to be the case for at least two burst afterglow spectra observed by XMM-Newton. The X-ray spectrum of GRB 011211 appears to evolve with time after the first 10 ks of the XMM-Newtonobservation as the Si and S emission lines are only detected during the first 10 ks of observation. The observations suggest that thermal emission is present during the early afterglow spectrum, whilst a power-law component dominates the latter stages. Finally we estimate the mass of the ejected material in GRB 011211 to be of the order 4-20 solar masses.