Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obtaining Optimal Pareto Front Approximations using Scalarized Preference Information

Scalarization techniques are a popular method for articulating preferences in solving multi-objective optimization problems. These techniques, however, have so far proven to be ill-suited in finding a preference-driven approximation that still captures the Pareto front in its entirety. Therefore, we propose a new concept that defines an optimal distribution of points on the front given a specific scalarization function. It is proven that such an approximation exists for every real-valued problem irrespective of the shape of the corresponding front under some very mild conditions. We also show that our approach works well in obtaining an equidistant approximation of the Pareto front if no specific preference is articulated. Our analysis is complemented by the presentation of a new algorithm that implements the aforementioned concept. We provide in-depth simulation results to demonstrate the performance of our algorithm. The analysis also reveals that our algorithm is able to outperform current state-of-the-art algorithms on many popular benchmark problems.
Photosensitizer effect of 9-hydroxypheophorbide α on diode laser-irradiated laryngeal cancer cells: Oxidative stress-directed cell death and migration suppression

The present study aimed to investigate the effect, and elucidate the potential mechanisms, of 9-hydroxypheophorbide α-based photodynamic therapy (9-HPbD-PDT) on apoptosis and necrosis induction, and migration suppression of laryngeal cancer AMC-HN-3 (HN-3) cells. Phototoxicity initiated by 9-HPbD-PDT on HN-3 cells was observed in a photosensitizer dose-dependent pattern. There was an initial increase of apoptotic cells coupled with gradual enhancement of reactive oxygen series (ROS) generation at lower doses of 9-HPbD. By contrast, at a higher dose of 9-HPbD, there was a clear increase of necrotic cells with a gradual decrease of ROS generation. Following PDT, an elevated percentage of apoptotic cells with shrinkage or condensing nuclei was observed using Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide double staining, and an upregulated expression of poly ADP-ribose polymerase was detected through western blotting. A disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected 2 h following PDT. Significant suppression of cell migration and downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression were recorded following PDT. These results indicate that the distribution of photosensitizer leads to differences in the generation of ROS, which subsequently determines the type of cell death. Overall, mitochondrial activation under oxidative stress is important in the 9-HPbD-PDT-induced apoptosis of HN-3 cells. Migration suppression of HN-3 cells following PDT may be associated with the inhibited expression of EGFR, due to oxidative stress.
Automatic extracting and extending lexical attributes from chinese machine readable dictionary

This paper proposes a method for automatic extracting and extending lexical attributes from a Chinese Machine Readable Dictionary (MRD). The method acquires lexical attributes such as density, reserve and ductility for the class metal from definitions in MRD, not using any instantiated objects. Compared with previous works, our method takes advantage of hyponymy semantic relation to extend classes conceptually and acquire more attributes. Although the method for acquisition of hyponyms is very simple and only a few hyponyms are acquired, experimental results show that they can help to improve the performance of attribute extraction from MRD effectively.
The interstellar oxygen-K absorption edge as observed by XMM-Newton - Separation of instrumental and interstellar components

High resolution X-ray spectra of the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) on board the XMM satellite are used to resolve the oxygen K absorption edge. By combining spectra of low and high extinction sources, the observed absorption edge can be split in the true interstellar (ISM) extinction and the instrumental absorption. The detailed ISM edge structure closely follows the edge structure of neutral oxygen as derived by theoretical R-matrix calculations. However, the position of the theoretical edge requires a wavelength shift. In addition the detailed instrumental RGS absorption edge structure is presented. All results are verified by comparing to a subset of Chandra LETG-HRC observations.
A Review Paper on Detection of Optic Disc Damage using Retinal Images

Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease, which can be controlled but cannot be cured. If left untreated, loss of vision occurs gradually and even become blind. The detection and diagnosis of glaucoma is important. In glaucoma, Optic Cup (OC) is dependent on the type of glaucoma and the level of intra ocular pressure. Localization of Optic Disc (OD) simplifies the segmentation. OD and OC detection is a primary step in developing an automated algorithm for glaucoma detection. The paper provides overview of the different methods for optic cup and optic disc detection from retinal image.
High-resolution genetic maps of Lotus japonicus and L. burttii based on re-sequencing of recombinant inbred lines

Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from bi-parental populations are stable genetic resources, which are widely used for constructing genetic linkage maps. These genetic maps are essential for QTL mapping and can aid contig and scaffold anchoring in the final stages of genome assembly. In this study, two Lotus sp. RIL populations, Lotus japonicus MG-20 × Gifu and Gifu × L. burttii, were characterized by Illumina re-sequencing. Genotyping of 187 MG-20 × Gifu RILs at 87,140 marker positions and 96 Gifu × L. burttii RILs at 357,973 marker positions allowed us to accurately identify 1,929 recombination breakpoints in the MG-20 × Gifu RILs and 1,044 breakpoints in the Gifu × L. burttii population. The resulting high-density genetic maps now facilitate high-accuracy QTL mapping, identification of reference genome mis-assemblies, and characterization of structural variants.
A Comparison of Non Negative Blind Source Separation Methods for Identifying Astrophysical Ice Compounds

The analysis of astrophysical ices and the determination of the compounds that are present in the molecular clouds play a fundamental role in order to predict the future evolution of the cloud, e.g., its transformation to protostellar bodies or the appearance of new radicals and molecules. Because of the difficulties of obtaining satellite data, the process is simulated first in the laboratory generating ice analogs under controlled conditions. In this case, the ice mixture is carried on allocating the different components in the appropriate concentrations in a deposit chamber with a substrate and recording the spectrum of the aggregated ice when the chamber is filled through a gas inlet with the corresponding compounds (see Figure 1). This process tries to simulate the real process of forming ice mantles under the environmental conditions of the Interstellar Medium. The spectrum is obtained analyzing the transfer function of the ice when it is excited by a source beam with a known spectrum and measuring with a detector the output spectrum after crossing the ice.
Social Tags and Linked Data for Ontology Development: A Case Study in the Financial Domain

We describe a domain ontology development approach that extracts domain terms from folksonomies and enrich them with data and vocabularies from the Linked Open Data cloud. As a result, we obtain lightweight domain ontologies that combine the emergent knowledge of social tagging systems with formal knowledge from Ontologies. In order to illustrate the feasibility of our approach, we have produced an ontology in the financial domain from tags available in Delicious, using DBpedia, OpenCyc and UMBEL as additional knowledge sources.
Efficient mode changes in multi-mode systems

Multi-mode systems work in configurations, but face the challenge of ensuring timing guarantees during mode changes. In a multi-mode system, a mode-change request occurs when the system wants to operate in a new mode, but is already running in one. One mode may include some tasks that are same as that of another mode. Therefore, the new mode may have tasks that are same as the old mode. Changing modes in such a way to skip some already completed tasks can decrease the workload of the new mode. Traditional protocols for changing modes always look forward in time to schedule tasks, although using already completed tasks may avoid re-executing them in the new mode. Reusing common tasks reduces the time to re-execute them while switching modes. In this paper, we introduce the concept and design considerations for a mode-change technique that may use completed tasks stored in checkpoints to avoid unnecessary re-execution and facilitate faster execution of new mode tasks. Through an example case-study, experimental results demonstrate that the overhead of using checkpoints is low, and using rollback facilitates faster execution of new mode tasks if completed tasks stored in checkpoints can be reused.
Anonymizing Edge-Weighted Social Network Graphs

The increasing popularity of social networks has initiated a fertile research area in information extraction and data mining. Although such analysis can facilitate better understanding of sociological, behavioral, and other interesting phenomena, there is growing concern about personal privacy being breached, thereby req uiring effective anonymization techniques. If we consider the social graph to be a weighted graph, then the problem of anonymization can be of various types: node identity anonymization , structural anonymization , or edge weight anonymization . In this paper, we consider edge weight anonymization. Our approach builds a linear programming (LP) model which preserves properties of the graph that are expressible as linear functions of the edge weights. Such properties form the foundations of many important graph-theoretic algorithms such asingle source shortest paths tree, all-pairs shortest paths,k-nearest neighbors, minimum cost spanning tree, etc. Off-the-shelf LP solvers can then be used to find solutions to the resulting model where the computed solution forms the weights of the anonymized graph. As a proof of concept, we choose the shortest paths problemand its extensions, prove the correctness of the constructed models, analyze their complexity, and experimentally evaluate the proposed techniques using real social network data sets. Our experiments demonstrate that not only does the proposed technique anonymize the weights, but it also improves the k-anonymityof the graphs while scrambling the relative ordering of the edge-weights, thereby providing robust and effective anonymization of the sensitive edge-weights.
Measuring the Influence of Long Range Dependencies with Neural Network Language Models

In spite of their well known limitations, most notably their use of very local contexts, n-gram language models remain an essential component of many Natural Language Processing applications, such as Automatic Speech Recognition or Statistical Machine Translation. This paper investigates the potential of language models using larger context windows comprising up to the 9 previous words. This study is made possible by the development of several novel Neural Network Language Model architectures, which can easily fare with such large context windows. We experimentally observed that extending the context size yields clear gains in terms of perplexity and that the n-gram assumption is statistically reasonable as long as n is sufficiently high, and that efforts should be focused on improving the estimation procedures for such large models.
An Adaptive Wavelet{vaguelette Algorithm for the Solution of Pdes Adaptive Wavelet{vaguelette Algorithm

The paper rst describes a fast algorithm for the discrete orthonormal wavelet transform and its inverse without using the scaling function. This approach permits to compute the decomposition of a function into a lacunary wavelet basis, i.e. a basis constituted of a subset of all basis functions up to a certain scale, without modi cation. The construction is then extended to operator{adapted bi{orthogonal wavelets. This is relevant for the solution of certain non{linear evolutionary PDEs where a priori information about the signi cant coe cients is available. We pursue the approach described in [22] which is based on the explicit computation of the scalewise contributions of the approximated function to the values at points of hierarchical grids. Here, we present an improved construction employing the cardinal function of the multiresolution. The new method is applied to the Helmholtz equation and illustrated by comparative numerical results. It is then extended for the solution of a nonlinear parabolic PDE with semi{implicit discretization in time and self{adaptive wavelet discretization in space. Results with full adaptivity of the spatial wavelet discretization are presented for a one{dimensional ame front as well as for a two{dimensional problem. 3 Fr ohlich, Schneider Adaptive Wavelet{Vaguelette Algorithm JCP{F0393 4
Differential form valued forms and distributional electromagnetic sources

Properties of a fundamental double-form of bidegree (p,p) for p≥0 are reviewed in order to establish a distributional framework for analyzing equations of the form ΔΦ(p)+λ2Φ(p)=S(p), where Δ is the Hodge–de Rham operator on p-forms Φ(p) on R3. Particular attention is devoted to singular distributional solutions that arise when the source S(p) is a singular p-form distribution. A constructive approach to Dirac distributions on (moving) submanifolds embedded in R3 is developed in terms of (Leray) forms generated by the geometry of the embedding. This framework offers a useful tool in electromagnetic modeling where the possibly time-dependent sources of certain physical attributes, such as electric charge, electric current, and polarization or magnetization, are concentrated on localized regions in space.
Using origin analysis to detect merging and splitting of source code entities

Merging and splitting source code entities is a common activity during the lifespan of a software system; as developers rethink the essential structure of a system or plan for a new evolutionary direction, so must they be able to reorganize the design artifacts at various abstraction levels as seems appropriate. However, while the raw effects of such changes may be plainly evident in the new artifacts, the original context of the design changes is often lost. That is, it may be obvious which characters of which files have changed, but it may not be obvious where or why moving, renaming, merging, and/or splitting of design elements has occurred. In this paper, we discuss how we have extended origin analysis (Q. Tu et al., 2002), (M.W. Godfrey et al., 2002) to aid in the detection of merging and splitting of files and functions in procedural code; in particular, we show how reasoning about how call relationships have changed can aid a developer in locating where merges and splits have occurred, thereby helping to recover some information about the context of the design change. We also describe a case study of these techniques (as implemented in the Beagle tool) using the PostgreSQL database system as the subject.
Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation of Artificial Immune Systems

Agent-based modeling and simulation is a way to model the behavior of populations of components and their interactions within a system. The key of this approach is to model the components of the system as autonomous agents and to simulate their behavior for evaluating the system as a whole. That is very useful for observing the emergence of properties in social, biological, environmental or financial systems, among others. Artificial immune systems, which is a sub field of artificial intelligence, comprises systems modeled by simplifying models from the biological immune system. If agent-based modeling and simulation is used as a laboratory for understanding the biological immune system then, it can also be used for transferring the observed principles into artificial immune system models or for evaluating models that have been already adapted for solving technical problems. This paper presents first, a methodology for transferring principles of the biological immune system into the field of artificial immune systems. Then, it presents a brief explanation of the behavior of the cells of the biological immune system, which are treated as internal agents inside a biological organism. Afterwards, the modeling of some selected type of cells and the simulation of the whole simplified system are presented. In the end, the principles of that simplified system are transferred into the design of an alarm management system for the smart grid.
A JAVA ILP Machine Based on Fast Dynamic Compilation

The JAVA programming language has recently been attracting attention because of its desirable properties such as portability (platform independence) and security in the network computing environment. As network computing and JAVA gain importance, dedicated JAVA processors designed for running JAVA programs e ciently (e.g. as proposed by Sun [13]) seem to o er new opportunities in the computing industry. One application for JAVA processors is the cost-sensitive embedded computing market (handheld telephones that support email, palmtop computers, television set-top boxes, and so on), where a JAVA processor can be valuable due to its small code size capability. For the desktop machines for network computing (called Webtops), one needs high performance execution of JAVA programs, since these machines will be expected to run substantial applications that will be written in JAVA, such as spreadsheets, presentation tools, word processors, and database tools. On the Webtop, a chip designed to run only JAVA programs along with a lean operating system to support it, can theoretically provide a cheaper and faster solution compared to a general purpose PC.
A consideration of blind source separation using wavelet transform

We propose a new method of blind source separation for convolutive mixtures. We use a wavelet transform which can get information from the two sides of time and frequency when we change the observed signals into the time-frequency domain. Our idea is to use a new estimation equation of the separating matrix for time delay. We aim to improve the separation performance. We show the result of desktop simulation of artificially controlled data.
Evaluation of Utility of Pharmacokinetic Studies in Phase I Trials of Two Oncology Drugs

Purpose: There are many phase I trials of oncology drug combinations, very few of which report clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions. We hypothesized that the utility of such pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction (DDI) studies is low in the absence of a mechanistic hypothesis. Experimental Design: We retrospectively reviewed 152 phase I (two drug) combination studies published between 2007 and 2011. Results: Only 28 (18%) studies had an implicit or explicit rationale, either inhibition/induction of a drug-metabolizing enzyme or transporter, cosubstrates for the same enzyme or transporter, potential for end-organ toxicity, or protein binding. Only 12 (8%) studies demonstrated a statistically significant DDI, on the basis of change in clearance (or area under the curve) of parent drug and/or active metabolite. There was a strong association between a rationale and a demonstrable drug interaction, as only 2% of studies without a rationale demonstrated a DDI, compared with 32% of studies with a rationale (Fisher exact test; P < 10−6). Conclusion: DDI studies should not be routinely performed as part of phase I trials of oncology combinations. Clin Cancer Res; 19(21); 6039–43. ©2013 AACR.
The application of validating and dialectical coaching strategies in a personalised virtual coach for obese emotional eaters: rationale for a personalised coaching system

There is a growing number of eHealth interventions aiming at enhancing lifestyle to address obesity. However, the existing interventions do not take the emotional aspects of obesity into account. Forty percent of the overweight population is an emotional eater. Emotional eaters gain weight because of poor emotion regulation, not just due to bad eating habits. We aim at developing a personalised virtual coach ‘Denk je zelf! ’ providing support for self-regulation of emotions for obese emotional eaters. This paper presents a research study protocol on validating persuasive coaching strategies in emotion regulation, based on Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, ultimately targeting behaviour change. Our goal is to design a personalised eCoaching framework, allowing us to optimally translate successful behaviour change mechanisms and techniques, such as dialectical strategies, into personalised persuasive coaching strategies.
Interactive Silhouette Rendering for Point-Based Models

We present a new method for rendering silhouettes of point-based models. Due to the lack of connectivity information, most existing polygon-based silhouette generation algorithms cannot be applied to point-based models. Our method not only bypasses this connectivity requirement, but also accommodates point-based models with sparse non-uniform sampling and inaccurate/no normal information. Like conventional point-based rendering, we render a model in two passes. The points are rendered as enlarged opaque disks in the first pass to obtain a visibility mask, while being rendered as regular size splats/disks in the second pass. In this way, edges are automatically depicted at depth discontinuities, usually at the silhouette boundaries. The silhouette color is the disk color used in the first pass rendering. The silhouette thickness can be controlled by changing the disk size difference between two passes. We demonstrate our method on different types of point-based models from various sources. The simplicity of our method allows it to be easily integrated with other rendering techniques to cater to many applications. Our method is capable of rendering large scenes of millions of points at interactive rates using modern graphics hardware.
Limitations of Voltage-Oriented PI Current Control of Grid-Connected PWM Rectifiers With $LCL$ Filters

Voltage-oriented PI control of three-phase grid-connected pulsewidth-modulation rectifiers with LCL filters is addressed. LCL filters require resonance damping. Active resonance damping is state of the art to face the problem, but it is still under investigation because of the manifold solutions. It is often realized using many sensors and/or complex control algorithms. In contrast, pure PI control requires only one set of current sensors, and its implementation and design are rather simple and well known from the L filter control. PI control has already been shown to be a suitable solution also for LCL filters, but there are limitations. These are investigated in this paper. System stability is analyzed with respect to different ratios of LCL filter resonance and control frequencies. The latter are important parameters for system design and control. Both line and converter current control are analyzed. For a certain range of frequency ratios, the voltage-oriented PI control gives stable performance without additional feedback, but for ratios outside this range, stable operation is impossible. Experimental tests validate the theoretical results. In addition, an experimentally determined LCL filter transfer function is shown in this paper, which shows a lower resonance peak as expected from commonly used filter models.
Development of a Machine Learnable Discourse Tagging Tool

We have developed a discourse level tagging tool for spoken dialogue corpus using machine learning methods. As discourse level information, we focused on dialogue act, relevance and discourse segment. In dialogue act tagging, we have implemented a transformation-based learning procedure and resulted in 70% accuracy in open test. In relevance and discourse segment tagging, we have implemented a decision-tree based learning procedure and resulted in about 75% and 72% accuracy respectively.