Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MEMBRANE VESICULATION AS A FEATURE OF THE MAMMALIAN ACROSOME REACTION

The term membrane vesiculation is used in this report to denote the occurrence of multiple unions between two cellular membranes lying in close apposition, with the formation first of a double-walled fenestrated layer and ultimately of an array of separate membrane-bounded vesicles. The stages are illustrated in Fig. 1. The process depicted by these diagrams is essentially the same as that suggested by Tormey (9) to explain his observations on cells of the ciliary epithelium in which the formation of a fenestrated layer from two contiguous membranes was inferred to take place. In the ciliary epithelium, the membranes involved were the cell membranes lining invaginations and interdigitating processes of neighboring cells. Tormey cites other data and work of several other authors, which support the thesis that membrane vesiculation is often to be ascribed to fixation of tissue with osmium tetroxide, glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue usually showing instead intact parallel membranes. Cell membranes in close apposition in other situations have also been described as undergoing vesiculation. Thus, vesicles considered to have been derived from fused sperm and egg membranes were reported by the Colwins (5) in an electron microscope study of early fertilization in the annelid Hydroides hexagonus. Piko and Tyler (7) believed that the plasma and acrosome membranes in the rat spermatozoon are removed largely by vesiculation, as the spermatozoon passes into the egg. In the bull sperm head illustrated by Saacke and Almquist (8, Fig. 16), the row of vesicles arranged about the nucleus appears to have arisen by multiple fusions between plasma and acrosome membranes, and a closely similar change has been seen in a monkey spermatozoon (L. E. Franklin, unpublished data). In these observations on animal gametes, the assumption has been that the changes seen were attributable to a natural process; yet all these authors used osmium tetroxide as fixative, and consequently could have been misled by the production of artifacts. However, data have now been obtained with glutaraldehydefixed tissue which show that extensive vesiculation takes place between plasma and acrosome membranes in the course of the acrosome reaction evinced by hamster and rabbit spermatozoa as they pass through the egg investments. Information on the mammalian acrosome reaction has been meager at the ultrastructural level. By phase-contrast light microscopy, the occurrence of a change in and apparent detachment of the acrosome in living spermatozoa of several rodents (hamster, Libyan jird, guinea pig, Chinese hamster) were first described by Austin and Bishop (3)
Individual differences in reading social intentions from motor deviants

As social animals, it is crucial to understand others’ intention. But is it possible to detect social intention in two actions that have the exact same motor goal? In the present study, we presented participants with video clips of an individual reaching for and grasping an object to either use it (personal trial) or to give his partner the opportunity to use it (social trial). In Experiment 1, the ability of naïve participants to classify correctly social trials through simple observation of short video clips was tested. In addition, detection levels were analyzed as a function of individual scores in psychological questionnaires of motor imagery, visual imagery, and social cognition. Results revealed that the between-participant heterogeneity in the ability to distinguish social from personal actions was predicted by the social skill abilities. A second experiment was then conducted to assess what predictive mechanism could contribute to the detection of social intention. Video clips were sliced and normalized to control for either the reaction times (RTs) or/and the movement times (MTs) of the grasping action. Tested in a second group of participants, results showed that the detection of social intention relies on the variation of both RT and MT that are implicitly perceived in the grasping action. The ability to use implicitly these motor deviants for action-outcome understanding would be the key to intuitive social interaction.
Functional object mapping of kitchen environments

In this paper we investigate the acquisition of 3D functional object maps for indoor household environments, in particular kitchens, out of 3D point cloud data. By modeling the static objects in the world into hierarchical classes in the map, such as cupboards, tables, drawers, and kitchen appliances, we create a library of objects which a household robotic assistant can use while performing its tasks. Our method takes a complete 3D point cloud model as input, and computes an object model for it. The objects have states (such as open and closed), and the resultant model is accurate enough to use it in physics-based simulations, where the doors can be opened based on their hinge position. The model is built through a series of geometrical reasoning steps, namely: planar segmentation, cuboid decomposition, fixture recognition and interpretation (e.g. handles and knobs), and object classification based on object state information.
TORNADO: omnistereo video imaging with rotating optics

One of the key techniques for vision-based communication is omnidirectional stereo (omnistereo) imaging, in which stereoscopic images for an arbitrary horizontal direction are captured and presented according to the viewing direction of the observer. Although omnistereo models have been surveyed in several studies, few omnistereo sensors have actually been implemented. In this paper, a practical method for capturing omnistereo video sequences using rotating optics is proposed and evaluated. The rotating optics system consists of prism sheets, circular or linear polarizing films, and a hyperboloidal mirror. This system has two different modes of operation with regard to the separation of images for the left and right eyes. In the high-speed shutter mode, images are separated using postimage processing, while, in the low-speed shutter mode, the image separation is completed by optics. By capturing actual images, we confirmed the effectiveness of the methods.
Public Health Consequences of Screening Patients for Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Summary: Improvements in HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been accompanied by increasing recognition of the importance of adherence to treatment regimens for maximizing patient benefits while minimizing the emergence of drug‐resistant virus. Whether clinicians should screen patients for adherence and only administer therapy to those believed likely to adhere has not been resolved. We first examine the implications of data drawn from a recent study reporting physicians' ability to predict whether patients will adhere to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) or not. We then extend previously developed mathematical models of ART to include screening for adherence and focus on resulting drug resistance as well as on HIV and AIDS incidence at the population level. We show that although screening for adherence is likely to reduce the level of drug resistance compared with a policy of treating all HIV patients with HAART, rates of new HIV infections and AIDS cases in the population would likely increase unless screening accuracy is extremely (perhaps implausibly) high.
Feedback Fidelities in Three Different Types of Crisis Management Training Environments

Designing feedback that trainees receive in a training simulator while practicing non-technical skills in complex cognitive domains is demanding but, though potentially productive, has received inadequate attention. This paper describes research which aims to understand the impact of fidelity on feedback provided during training for crisis management. More specifically, the goal was to learn whether there were differences between learning feedback types in three different environments, a real-life training exercise, a table-top exercise and a design of an experiential training simulator. The basis for the comparison was a framework of essential feedback types that emerged from the literature and three types of fidelities, physical, functional and psychological. The study showed that there were few occurrences of psychological fidelities of feedback. It also showed that high fidelity can be achieved in the absence of feedback forms categorized as psychological, and that loose organization of an exercise may lead to significant variation in learning outcomes in different learning environments. In addition, the research demonstrated how the fidelity analysis of feedback types can be useful for designing feedback for learners in a training simulator.
Self-regulated Learning Skills: Adaptation of Scale

The aim of this study is to adapt and examine the psychometric properties of Achievement Goal Scale (AGS) originally constructed by Elliot and McGregor (2001) and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Scale (MSLQ) originally constructed by Pintrich, Smith, Garcia and McKeachie (1991) in order to measure the self-regulated learning skills of high school students' in a chemistry course. The study group was comprised of 862 high school students attending a chemistry course in different public schools. The construct validity of the sub-scales included in the scales were tested by confirmatory factor analysis. For the reliability studies, the internal consistency coefficient Cronbach's alpha (α) values as well as McDonald's ω (omega) coefficients were calculated. In addition, item-total correlations were calculated for the reliability of each item in the scales. When the confirmatory factor analysis results were examined, it was accepted that the fit indices met the goodness of fit criteria for both the Achievement Goal Scale and Motivated Strategies for Learning Scale. Factor loadings of the items in both scales were statistically significant. These results showed that the Turkish forms of both scales have enough psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability for a chemistry course.
How Do Classroom Peers Affect Student Outcomes ? : Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Beijing ’ s Middle Schools 1

Peer effects are among the most prominent considerations in debates on public policy. However, current empirical research has not reached a consensus on the existence and nature of peer effects because of the difficulty in isolating peer effects from other confounding influences and the simultaneity of peer interactions, also known as reflection problem. This paper exploits the special rule of classroom division in Beijing’s Eastern City District and a unique micro-level data set that matches students with their classmates and teachers from 1999 to 2002, and explores not only the mean classroom peer effects but also the effects of the distribution of peer quality on student academic outcomes, as well as the nonlinearity and heterogeneity of peer influence. We control for the schoolfixed effects and important factors of classroom divisions according the rule to account for endogenous sorting across schools and classes. Preliminary results find that decreased classroom diversity is beneficial to the student academic performance. 1 We thank the Education Bureau of Beijing’s Eastern City District and the Institute of Education of Tsinghua University for providing the 2002 census and school administrative and survey data. The author is solely responsible for any mistakes in this paper. As additional data collection is still in process, all results in this paper are preliminary and based on the current data available. Please do not cite without permission. 2 Contact: Fang Lai, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 309 W Kimball Hall, 246 Greene St., New York, NY 10003. Email: fang.lai@nyu.edu. We would highly appreciate any comments on this work in progress.
A novel colorImage steganography using Discrete Wavelet Transform

Steganography is the art and science of covert communication. The secret information can be concealed in content such as image, audio, or video. This paper provides a novel image steganography technique to hide both image and keyin color cover image using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). There is no visual difference between the stego image and the cover image. The extracted image is also similar to the secret image. This is proved by the high PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), value for both stego and extracted secret image. The results are compared with the results of similar techniques and it is found that the proposed technique is simple and gives better PSNR values than others.
Tensile behavior of UHPFRC under uniaxial and biaxial stress conditions

The representative characterization of the tensile behavior of strain hardening Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite (UHPFRC) remains a challenge. Currently, the uniaxial methods (direct tensile test and 4-point bending test) are commonly applied, although the biaxial tensile condition has been widely recognized in most of the UHPFRC applications, e.g. thin UHPFRC element as external reinforcement layer or bridge deck slab. In this paper, the ring-on-ring test on circular slab-like specimens has been developed to determine the equal-biaxial tensile response by means of inverse analysis using 3D finite element method (FEM) models. In addition, direct tensile test (DDT) using dumbbell specimens cut from large square plates and 4PBT (4-point-bending-test) cast in molds were carried out. The representative tensile response from 4PBT was derived through inverse analysis using 2D FEM models. Finally, the corresponding results from different tests under either uniaxial or biaxial stress condition were analyzed and compared in terms of tensile parameters, tensile material law, cracking pattern and energy absorption capacity. The main objective is to examine the tensile performance under uniaxial and biaxial stress conditions, and to propose the most appropriate test method for a given UHPFRC application.
Use of GIS and Exposure Modeling as Tools in a Study of Cancer Incidence in a Population Exposed to Airborne Dioxin

In environmental health research there is a recognized need to develop improved epidemiologic and statistical methods for rapid assessment of relationships between environment and health. Exposure assessment is identified as a major challenge needing attention. In this study an exposure simulation model was used to delimit almost exactly in space and time an urban population exposed to airborne dioxin. A geographic information system (GIS) was used as the electronic environment in which to link the exposure model with the demographic, migration, and cancer data of the exposed population. This information is available in Denmark on an individual basis. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for both men and women in 10-year age bands were calculated for three different exposure areas. Migration patterns were outlined. SIRs showed no excess of cancer incidences during the time span chosen (13 years; 1986–1998) in the whole exposed area or in the medium or higher polluted areas. The exposure model appeared very useful in selection of the appropriate exposure areas. The integration of the model in a GIS together with individual data on addresses, sex, age, migration, and information from routine health statistics (Danish Cancer Registry) proved its usefulness in demarking the exposed population and identifying the cancers related to that population. Less than one-third of the study population lived at the same address after 13 years of observation, and only half were still residing in the area, indicating migration of people as a major misclassification.
Methylatable Signaling Helix Coordinated Inhibitory Receiver Domain in Sensor Kinase Modulates Environmental Stress Response in Bacillus Cereus

σB, an alternative transcription factor, controls the response of the cell to a variety of environmental stresses in Bacillus cereus. Previously, we reported that RsbM negatively regulates σB through the methylation of RsbK, a hybrid sensor kinase, on a signaling helix (S-helix). However, RsbK comprises a C-terminal receiver (REC) domain whose function remains unclear. In this study, deletion of the C-terminal REC domain of RsbK resulted in high constitutive σB expression independent of environmental stimuli. Thus, the REC domain may serve as an inhibitory element. Mutagenic substitution was employed to modify the putative phospho-acceptor residue D827 in the REC domain of RsbK. The expression of RsbKD827N and RsbKD827E exhibited high constitutive σB, indicating that D827, if phosphorylatable, possibly participates in σB regulation. Bacterial two-hybrid analyses demonstrated that RsbK forms a homodimer and the REC domain interacts mainly with the histidine kinase (HK) domain and partly with the S-helix. In particular, co-expression of RsbM strengthens the interaction between the REC domain and the S-helix. Consistently, our structural model predicts a significant interaction between the HK and REC domains of the RsbK intradimer. Here, we demonstrated that coordinated the methylatable S-helix and the REC domain of RsbK is functionally required to modulate σB-mediated stress response in B. cereus and maybe ubiquitous in microorganisms encoded RsbK-type sensor kinases.
A 40-MHz current-mode hysteretic controlled switching converter with digital push-pull current pumping technique for high performance microprocessors

Ever-increasing power demands of microprocessors have necessitated fast-response, high-speed power converters. This paper presents a fast transient, hysteretic current-mode converter design with a push-pull current pump. By using a current feedback technique in contrast with the parallel feedback control approaches by the prior art, performance and stability are greatly enhanced. The system is implemented and verified on a 0.18 μm CMOS process through fully transistor-level simulations, operating up to 40 MHz. In comparison with the buck converter by itself, the current pump improves the transient response by reducing VOUT undershoot magnitude and settling time by 33.3% and 25.6%, respectively, and overshoot magnitude and settling time by 18.3% and 40.4%, respectively. Undershoot and overshoot are maintained below 3%, at 2.8% and 2.9%, respectively.
CMPT 881: Pseudorandomness Prof. Valentine Kabanets Lecture 20: NW Pseudorandom Generator

In this last lecture of the course, we’ll discuss the construction and properties of the NisanWigderson pseudorandom generator. This NW generator plays a crucial role in derandomization and differs from the BMY generator ([5], [6]) discussed in the previous lectures in its running time (exponential in the seed length as opposed to polynomial) and the power of the distinguisher (fooling distinguishers with running time of a fixed polynomial time as opposed to all polynomial time computations)
Classification of Human‐Vehicle Interaction: User Perspectives on Design

With the advent of the Internet of Things, scientists expect that the relationship between humans and motor vehicles will become integrated with information and communications technology to a greater extent. We examined the developmental stages of human‐vehicle interaction (HVI) in the automobile industry and the changes in the relationship between humans and the motor vehicle. In this study we have provided a set of guidelines that enables the designer to classify goods and services applicable to an automobile based on socio-behavioral evaluation. To support this, we analyzed driving tasks and conducted a focus group interview with 39 people to determine their inherent demands related to motor vehicles. We identified 3 stages of HVI: driver-centric, user-centric, and customer-centric.
Simulation of potential vegetation based on GIS

The temperature and precipitation are the key climatic factors to control the vegetation distribution, which decides to the potential vegetation distribution somewhere. The Losses Plateau, because of the influence of mountainous terrain, hydrothermal conditions have been improved,and the vegetation condition has been improved remarkably accordingly. In this paper, the area of Mount Maxian is selected. The author adopts two kinds of index-water and thermal product index and Holdridge life zone system model, Based on the hydro-thermal combination, and using GRID module of ArcGIS to simulate the spatial distribution of the precipitation, temperature and evaporation, the author obtains the potential vegetation distribution of the study area. In this research area, because we lack meteorological site, the author employs statistical methods and DEM powerful spatial analysis function to derive the statistical models of the precipitation and temperature distribution. And then we use slope and aspect to make local regulation so as to get the precipitation and temperature distribution of the mountainous district. By using Hargreaves formula to calculate the potential evapotranspiration and the components mentioned above, and methods of water and thermal product index and Holdridge life zone model, two potential vegetation distribution map can be obtained.
Computers in clinical practice: applying experience from child psychiatry

Computers may be used to support information management, general administration, and clinical practice in a health service. I review the last use, drawing on examples in child psychiatry. Advances have been made over the past 30 years in the use of computer aided assessment, diagnosis, and treatment in many clinical specialties. The place of computers in clinical practice depends on whether they confer an overall advantage, im whether they are acceptable to patients and clinicians. Child psychiatry is a clinical specialty: management rests very much on the skills of the clinician, with little use of automated investigation or instrumental intervention.1 Thus, the principles governing the use of computers in this specialty may apply to many other clinical specialties. Coiera forecast the essential role of informatics in medicine in the coming century, describing it as fundamental to medicine as the study of anatomy.2 However, the application of modern technology frequently fails because of inadequate dissemination, which I hope to overcome, at least in part, in this review. #### Summary points This article explores the use of information technology in child psychiatry, a specialty that relies almost entirely on clinical skills, so many of the principles may therefore be applicable to other specialties Use of computers in clinical practice is at present largely limited to computerised versions of written tests or interviews Future developments may use technologies such as voice activated software, graphics, measuring response time, tailored testing, and virtual environments for tests that cannot be transcribed to written tests or performed during standard clinical interviews Outcome studies are needed to assess the impact of such technology Clinicians are best placed to identify specific potential developments and should be alert to the possibilities presented by the increasingly flexible and sophisticated technology available I searched three databases (Medline, PsychLit, and BIDS) for references to …
An Adapter Framework for Keyword-Driven Testing

Tool adaptation is a reoccurring problem in model-based testing. Tests can be generated based on formal models, but they also need to be executed on the actual SUTs. We introduce a generic open-source adapter framework for facilitating the integration of model-based test generators with test execution tools. The framework is based on the popular keyword concept and is seen as especially applicable in online testing, which requires continuous message passing between the generator and SUT. The architecture is based on plug-ins, similar to the Eclipse integrated development environment, enabling easy extension. We also discuss experiences in using the adapter framework to integrate our test generator for S60 smartphone GUI testing with the ASTE tool from Nokia.