Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Melt Electrospinning Writing of Highly Ordered Large Volume Scaffold Architectures

The additive manufacturing of highly ordered, micrometer‐scale scaffolds is at the forefront of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research. The fabrication of scaffolds for the regeneration of larger tissue volumes, in particular, remains a major challenge. A technology at the convergence of additive manufacturing and electrospinning–melt electrospinning writing (MEW)–is also limited in thickness/volume due to the accumulation of excess charge from the deposited material repelling and hence, distorting scaffold architectures. The underlying physical principles are studied that constrain MEW of thick, large volume scaffolds. Through computational modeling, numerical values variable working distances are established respectively, which maintain the electrostatic force at a constant level during the printing process. Based on the computational simulations, three voltage profiles are applied to determine the maximum height (exceeding 7 mm) of a highly ordered large volume scaffold. These thick MEW scaffolds have fully interconnected pores and allow cells to migrate and proliferate. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first study to report that z‐axis adjustment and increasing the voltage during the MEW process allows for the fabrication of high‐volume scaffolds with uniform morphologies and fiber diameters.
CliNER 2.0: Accessible and Accurate Clinical Concept Extraction

Clinical notes often describe important aspects of a patient's stay and are therefore critical to medical research. Clinical concept extraction (CCE) of named entities - such as problems, tests, and treatments - aids in forming an understanding of notes and provides a foundation for many downstream clinical decision-making tasks. Historically, this task has been posed as a standard named entity recognition (NER) sequence tagging problem, and solved with feature-based methods using handengineered domain knowledge. Recent advances, however, have demonstrated the efficacy of LSTM-based models for NER tasks, including CCE. This work presents CliNER 2.0, a simple-to-install, open-source tool for extracting concepts from clinical text. CliNER 2.0 uses a word- and character- level LSTM model, and achieves state-of-the-art performance. For ease of use, the tool also includes pre-trained models available for public use.
The first cut-off points for generalized and abdominal obesity in predicting lipid disorders in a nationally representative population in the Middle East: The National Survey of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases of Iran

Introduction: To determine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and the optimal cut-off points of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) at which abnormal lipid levels can be identified with maximum sensitivity and specificity in a nationwide population-based sample for the first time in the Middle East. Material and methods: Using a probability proportional to size, multistage cluster sampling method, a sociodemographically representative sample of 3024 of the Iranian population aged 25-64 years living in urban and rural areas of all 30 provinces of the country was studied. Results: The mean age of participants was 41.3 (0.07) years. The receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of BMI to identify with maximum sensitivity and specificity the detection of lipid disorders was 25 kg/m2 for males and 26-28 kg/m2 for females. Considering WC, among males this optimal cut-off value was 88-89 cm for high total cholesterol (T. Chol), low HDL-C and high triglycerides (TG), whereas it was lower (86 cm) for predicting high LDL-C. Among females, this cut-off value was 83-84 cm for predicting high T. Chol, high LDL-C and high TG, but it was higher (90 cm) for low HDL-C. The most prevalent type of abnormal lipid level was low HDL-C. Conclusions: The optimal cut-off points provided in the current study might serve as a public health action threshold in the Middle East population. The very high prevalence of high TG and low HDL-C suggest that current guidelines for screening lipid disorders that are based on total and LDL cholesterol should consider such ethnic differences.
Accuracy of Buccal Scan Procedures for the Registration of Habitual Intercuspation.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Accurate reproduction of the jaw relationship is important in many fields of dentistry. Maximum intercuspation can be registered with digital buccal scan procedures implemented in the workflow of many intraoral scanning systems. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of buccal scan procedures with intraoral scanning devices for the registration of habitual intercuspation in vivo. The hypothesis was that there is no statistically significant difference for buccal scan procedures compared to registration methods with poured model casts. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ten individuals (full dentition, no dental rehabilitations) were subjects for five different habitual intercuspation registration methods: (CI) poured model casts, manual hand registration, buccal scan with inEOS X5; (BC) intraoral scan, buccal scan with CEREC Bluecam; (OC4.2) intraoral scan, buccal scan with CEREC Omnicam software version 4.2; (OC4.5β) intraoral scan, buccal scan with CEREC Omnicam version 4. 5β; and (TR) intraoral scan, buccal scan with Trios 3. Buccal scan was repeated three times. Analysis of rotation (Rot) and translation (Trans) parameters was performed with difference analysis software (OraCheck). Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Scheffé test ( p<0.05). RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed no significant ( p>0.05) differences in terms of translation between groups CI_Trans (98.74±112.01 μm), BC_Trans (84.12±64.95 μm), OC4.2_Trans (60.70±35.08 μm), OC4. 5β_Trans (68.36±36.67 μm), and TR_Trans (66.60±64.39 μm). For rotation, there were no significant differences ( p>0.05) for groups CI_Rot (0.23±0.25°), BC_Rot (0.73±0.52°), OC4.2_Rot (0.45±0.31°), OC4. 5β_Rot (0.50±0.36°), and TR_Rot (0.47±0.65°). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoral scanning devices allow the reproduction of the static relationship of the maxillary and mandibular teeth with the same accuracy as registration methods with poured model casts.
A multiobjective optimization procedure for the electrode design of cochlear implants

This paper presents a new procedure to design optimal electrodes for cochlear implants. The main objective of this study is to find a set of electrode designs that maximize the focalization and minimize the power consumption simultaneously. To achieve that, a criterion to measure the ability of focalization of an electrode is proposed. It is presented a procedure to determine (1) the electrical potential induced by an electrode by solving the Laplace equation through the finite element method; (2) the response of a neuron to an applied field using NEURON, a compartmentalized cell model; (3) the optimization to find the best electrode designs according to power consumption and focalization by 2 evolutionary multiobjective methods based on the non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm II: a straight multiobjective approach and a seeded multiobjective approach. An electrode design formed by 2 conductive rings with a possible difference of potential between them is proposed. It is analyzed that the response of the neuron is determined by the shape and the difference of the potential between the electrode rings. Our procedure successfully achieves a nondominated set of optimum electrode designs improving a standard electrode in both objectives, as designs with better focalization allow to include extra electrodes in the cochlear implant, and designs with lower power consumption extend the length of the battery.
Potential of Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Carbon Nanotube Composite in Energy, Electronics, and Membrane Technology: An Overview

ABSTRACT Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a semicrystalline thermoplastic and electroactive polymer with piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties, thermal stability, elasticity, and chemical resistance. PVDF exits in five different phases (α, β, δ, γ, and ε-phase). Unique properties of this polymer enhances its use in chemical, biomedical, and electronic industries such as supercapacitors, transducers, actuators, and batteries. Carbon nanotube (CNT) is used as reinforcement to exploit full potential of PVDF in energy, electronics, and membrane technology. The nanofiller affects morphology, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, electrical, dielectric, thermal, and mechanical properties of PVDF-based nanocomposite. CNT content and chemical modification influence properties as well as application of PVDF. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
On finite‐size effects in computer simulations using the Ewald potential

We discuss the origin and relevance for computer simulations of a strong finite‐size effect that appears when using the Ewald summation formula. It can be understood as arising from a volume‐dependent shift of the potential in a finite, periodic box relative to the infinite volume limit. This shift is due to the fact that the ‘‘zero of energy’’ for a periodic system cannot be defined by letting the interacting particles be separated by an infinite distance; the correct definition corresponds to setting its k=0 Fourier mode to zero. The implications of this effect for computer simulations are discussed.
Optimized Laser Thermal Pulsing of Atom Probe Tomography: LEAP 4000X™

Extensive investigations into the mechanism of laser pulsing in atom probe tomography have shown that the dominant pulsing mechanism is thermal [1]. This was recently confirmed by independent study [2]. Optimization of thermal pulsing is therefore guided by the heat flow in the specimen. times which are less than or equal to the electron thermalization time in materials (~10 ps) can achieved with to with this it is imperative that the smallest possible volume of material be heated so that rapid cooling (~100 ps) may occur. Imago has used this design criterion to develop its second generation laser pulsing system: the LEAP 4000X.
Ensemble Average Propagator Reconstruction via Compressed Sensing: Discrete or Continuous Bases ?

In this work, we propose to compare the sparsity of two classes of representations for the EAP : The discrete representations, via the Haar, Daubechie-Cohen-Fauveau (DCF) 5-3, DCF 9-7 wavelets bases , and the continuous representations, via Spherical Polar Fourier (SPF) and 3D-SHORE bases.
Building Function Approximators on top of Haar Scattering Networks

In this article we propose building general-purpose function approximators on top of Haar Scattering Networks. We advocate that this architecture enables a better comprehension of feature extraction, in addition to its implementation simplicity and low computational costs. We show its approximation and feature extraction capabilities in a wide range of different problems, which can be applied on several phenomena in signal processing, system identification, econometrics and other potential fields.
Chemical trends in ocean islands explained by plume–slab interaction

Significance The composition of ocean island basalts is known to correlate with zones in the lowermost mantle almost 3,000 km below, thought to represent piles of hot, dense material. One important open question in the Earth sciences is the mechanism behind this link between the surface and Earth’s deep interior. Here, we use high-resolution 3D geodynamic models with a realistic subduction history, plate geometries, and plate motions to identify a dynamically feasible mechanism for how rising hot material can inherit the lower-mantle geochemical structure despite variations in material density. Our findings provide a framework for mapping chemical anomalies at the surface to the deep mantle and illuminate the composition of one of the least well-understood regions of the Earth. Earth’s surface shows many features, of which the genesis can be understood only through their connection with processes in Earth’s deep interior. Recent studies indicate that spatial geochemical patterns at oceanic islands correspond to structures in the lowermost mantle inferred from seismic tomographic models. This suggests that hot, buoyant upwellings can carry chemical heterogeneities from the deep lower mantle toward the surface, providing a window to the composition of the lowermost mantle. The exact nature of this link between surface and deep Earth remains debated and poorly understood. Using computational models, we show that subducted slabs interacting with dense thermochemical piles can trigger the ascent of hot plumes that inherit chemical gradients present in the lowermost mantle. We identify two key factors controlling this process: (i) If slabs induce strong lower-mantle flow toward the edges of these piles where plumes rise, the pile-facing side of the plume preferentially samples material originating from the pile, and bilaterally asymmetric chemical zoning develops. (ii) The composition of the melt produced reflects this bilateral zoning if the overlying plate moves roughly perpendicular to the chemical gradient in the plume conduit. Our results explain some of the observed geochemical trends of oceanic islands and provide insights into how these trends may originate.
Mobiles as Portals for Interacting with Virtual Data Visualizations

We propose a set of techniques leveraging mobile devices as lenses to explore, interact and annotate n-dimensional data visualizations. The democratization of mobile devices, with their arrays of integrated sensors, opens up opportunities to create experiences for anyone to explore and interact with large information spaces anywhere. In this paper, we propose to revisit ideas behind the Chameleon prototype of Fitzmaurice et al. initially envisioned in the 90s for navigation, before spatially-aware devices became mainstream. We also take advantage of other input modalities such as pen and touch to not only navigate the space using the mobile as a lens, but interact and annotate it by adding toolglasses.
The Streptococcal Diseases

The protean nature of the clinical syndromes produced by this organism make an interesting study and it is not surprising that so much research has been devoted to it. The incidence of scarlet fever makes it the commonest of all the notifiable bacterial diseases in this country, and although the type of infection is mild, the hospitalisation of these cases is a large problem. Two other notifiable diseases treated in institutions, viz. erysipelas and the majority of cases of puerperal fever,
Influence of overlay layers on the abrasive wear

A problem of machine parts wear decrease and in this way of the economical effectiveness of rapid wearable parts interferes with majority of manufacturing processes. Service life and operating reliability of a great number of machine parts is largely influenced by friction and wear, which take a significant part in the power and material losses. Wear affects significantly the maintenance, repair and renewal costs of machine parts, too. Today we can use a row of overlay materials. They differ above all by chemical composition, which determinates the conditions of use. Next conditions are the solidification of the welded-on material and the diffusion ability of main alloying elements, which determine the resultant structure of an overlay. The paper intents on multilayer overlays problem and on the number of overlay layers influence on abrasive wear.
Lethal Zika Virus Disease Models in Young and Older Interferon α/β Receptor Knock Out Mice

The common small animal disease models for Zika virus (ZIKV) are mice lacking the interferon responses, but infection of interferon receptor α/β knock out (IFNAR−/−) mice is not uniformly lethal particularly in older animals. Here we sought to advance this model in regard to lethality for future countermeasure efficacy testing against more recent ZIKV strains from the Asian lineage, preferably the American sublineage. We first infected IFNAR−/− mice subcutaneously with the contemporary ZIKV-Paraiba strain resulting in predominantly neurological disease with ~50% lethality. Infection with ZIKV-Paraiba by different routes established a uniformly lethal model only in young mice (4-week old) upon intraperitoneal infection. However, intraperitoneal inoculation of ZIKV-French Polynesia resulted in uniform lethality in older IFNAR−/− mice (10–12-weeks old). In conclusion, we have established uniformly lethal mouse disease models for efficacy testing of antivirals and vaccines against recent ZIKV strains representing the Asian lineage.
Improving case ascertainment of congenital anomalies: findings from a prospective birth cohort with detailed primary care record linkage

Background Congenital anomalies (CAs) are a common cause of infant death and disability. We linked children from a large birth cohort to a routine primary care database to detect CA diagnoses from birth to age 5 years. There could be evidence of underreporting by CA registries as they estimate that only 2% of CA registrations occur after age 1 year. Methods CA cases were identified by linking children from a prospective birth cohort to primary care records. CAs were classified according to the European Surveillance of CA guidelines. We calculated rates of CAs by using a bodily system group for children aged 0 to <5 years, together with risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs for maternal risk factors. Results Routinely collected primary care data increased the ascertainment of children with CAs from 432.9 per 10 000 live births under 1 year to 620.6 per 10 000 live births under 5 years. Consanguinity was a risk factor for Pakistani mothers (multivariable RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.83), and maternal age >34 years was a risk factor for mothers of other ethnicities (multivariable RR 2.19, 95% CI 1.36 to 3.54). Education was associated with a lower risk (multivariable RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.98). Conclusion 98% of UK CA registrations relate to diagnoses made in the first year of life. Our data suggest that this leads to incomplete case ascertainment with a further 30% identified after age 1 year in our study. Risk factors for CAs identified up to age 1 year persist up to 5 years. National registries should consider using routine data linkage to provide more complete case ascertainment after infancy.
Towards automatically improving package structure while respecting original design decisions

Recently, there has been an important progress in applying search-based optimization techniques to the problem of software re-modularization. Yet, a major part of the existing body of work addresses the problem of modularizing software systems from scratch, regardless of the existing packages structure. This paper presents a novel multi-objective optimization approach for improving existing packages structure. The optimization approach aims at increasing the cohesion and reducing the coupling and cyclic connectivity of packages, by modifying as less as possible the existing packages organization. Moreover, maintainers can specify several constraints to guide the optimization process with regard to extra design factors. To this contribution, we use the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). We evaluate the optimization approach through an experiment covering four real-world software systems. The results promise the effectiveness of our optimization approach for improving existing packages structure by doing very small modifications.
Linear Programming Bounds for Randomly Sampling Colorings

Here we study the problem of sampling random proper colorings of a bounded degree graph. Let $k$ be the number of colors and let $d$ be the maximum degree. In 1999, Vigoda showed that the Glauber dynamics is rapidly mixing for any $k > \frac{11}{6} d$. It turns out that there is a natural barrier at $\frac{11}{6}$, below which there is no one-step coupling that is contractive, even for the flip dynamics. We use linear programming and duality arguments to guide our construction of a better coupling. We fully characterize the obstructions to going beyond $\frac{11}{6}$. These examples turn out to be quite brittle, and even starting from one, they are likely to break apart before the flip dynamics changes the distance between two neighboring colorings. We use this intuition to design a variable length coupling that shows that the Glauber dynamics is rapidly mixing for any $k\ge \left(\frac{11}{6} - \epsilon_0\right)d$ where $\epsilon_0 \geq 9.4 \cdot 10^{-5}$. This is the first improvement to Vigoda's analysis that holds for general graphs.
Experimental Study of 20# Steel Under Tensile Impact

Bar-bar tensile impact testing apparatus was used to study mechanical behavior of 20# steel at different strain rates.From the stress-strain curves obtained,it is found that the strain rate effect is distinct.The results of this experimental work were used to define a new set of material constants for the strength component of the Johnson-Cook model for 20# steel.The results and analysis provided for 20# steel show that the Johnson-Cook model can accurately represent the stress-strain response of the material.
Evaluating the Specificity of Cognitive Control Deficits in Schizophrenia Using Antisaccades, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Healthy Individuals With Poor Cognitive Control

Cognitive control impairments in schizophrenia (SZ) can be evaluated using antisaccade tasks and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Studies, however, often compare people with SZ to high performing healthy people, making it unclear if antisaccade-related disruptions are specific to the disease or due to generalized deficits in cognitive control. We included two healthy comparison groups in addition to people with SZ: healthy people with high cognitive control (HCC), who represent a more typical comparison group, and healthy people with low cognitive control (LCC), who perform similarly on antisaccade measures as people with SZ. Using two healthy comparison groups may help determine which antisaccade-related deficits are specific to SZ (distinguish SZ from LCC and HCC groups) and which are due to poor cognitive control (distinguish the LCC and SZ groups from the HCC group). People with SZ and healthy people with HCC or LCC performed an antisaccade task during fMRI acquisition. LCC and SZ groups showed under-activation of saccade circuitry. SZ-specific disruptions were observed in the left superior temporal gyrus and insula during error trials (suppression of activation in the SZ group compared to the LCC and HCC group). Differences related to antisaccade errors may distinguish people with SZ from healthy people with LCC.
Bug Maps: A Tool for the Visual Exploration and Analysis of Bugs

To harness the complexity of big legacy software, software engineering tools need more and more information on these systems. This information may come from analysis of the source code, study of execution traces, computing of metrics, etc. One source of information received less attention than source code: the bugs on the system. Little is known about the evolutionary behavior, lifetime, distribution, and stability of bugs. In this paper, we propose to consider bugs as first class entities and a useful source of information that can answer such topics. Such analysis is inherently complex, because bugs are intangible, invisible, and difficult to be traced. Therefore, our tool extracts information about bugs from bug tracking systems, link this information to other software artifacts, and explore interactive visualizations of bugs that we call bug maps.