Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immobilization during anesthesia for vitrectomy using a laryngeal mask without neuromuscular blockade versus endotracheal intubation and neuromuscular blockade.

BACKGROUND For intraocular surgery, most authors recommend general anesthesia including intubation and neuromuscular blockade to avoid complications by patient movements. However, anesthesia using a laryngeal mask and avoidance of muscle relaxants is common clinical practice. Purpose of this prospective observational study was to compare the incidence of eye movement and deviation of the eye axis during general anesthesia adjusted to minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) for pars plana-vitrectomy (PPV) using a laryngeal mask without neuromuscular blockade (LM) versus endotracheal intubation and neuromuscular blockade (INT). METHODS The patients (N.=148) who underwent PPV for vitreoretinal disorders received MAC adjusted general anesthesia by volatile anesthetics. Seventy-four patients were subjected to LM and 74 to INT. In both groups the patient's lungs were mechanically ventilated without allowing spontaneous ventilation. Eye movements and upward deviations were judged and documented during surgery. Postoperatively quality of immobilization was assessed by a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS Intraoperative movements were not observed in either group. Upward eye deviation was observed in nine (12%) patients in the LM group, but not in patients in the INT group (0%; P=0.003). The standardized questionnaire revealed no clinically relevant difference in quality of immobilization between groups, especially eye deviations did not lead to any relevant surgical complications or difficulties. CONCLUSIONS For PPV, MAC adjusted balanced anesthesia using a laryngeal mask without neuromuscular blockade was associated with more, but clinically irrelevant upward eye deviations and may be an alternative to intubation with neuromuscular blockade. However, adequate depth of anesthesia must be assured to avoid unwanted injuries during surgery.
A new genus and species for the largest specimen of Archaeopteryx

The Solnhofen (Sixth) specimen of Archaeopteryx is assigned to Wellnhoferia grandis gen. et sp. n. on the basis of qualitative, size-independent autapomorphies. Wellnhoferia differs from Archaeopteryx in a short tail with the estimated number of 16-17 caudals; a nearly symmetric pattern of pedal rays II-IV with metatarsals II and IV of equal length and digit IV substantially shorter than in Archaeopteryx; and the number of four (instead of five) phalanges of pedal digit IV, which most probably results from a phylogenetic reduction rather than individual variation. A combination of large size and details of the pelvic limb suggests a locomotor specialization different from that of Archaeopteryx.
Clinical and Pathological Features of Pheochromocytoma in the Horse: A Multi‐Center Retrospective Study of 37 Cases (2007–2014)

Background Pheochromocytoma is the most common adrenal medullary neoplasm of domestic animals, but it is rare in horses. Antemortem diagnosis in horses is difficult, with clinical signs often being vague or non‐specific. Objective The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings of pheochromocytoma in horses. Animals Thirty‐seven horses diagnosed with pheochromocytoma based on postmortem examination from 2007 to 2014. Methods Retrospective case series. Results Pheochromocytoma was identified in 37/4094 horses during postmortem examination. Clinical signs consistent with pheochromocytoma had been observed antemortem in only 7 cases, with the remainder being incidental findings. Colic was the most common presenting complaint (13 of 37 cases) and tachycardia was noted in 95% of cases (median heart rate of 86 bpm in clinical cases). Hyperlactatemia (median, 4.9 mmol/L) and hyperglycemia (median, 184 mg/dL) were the most common clinicopathologic abnormalities. Hemoperitoneum caused by rupture of pheochromocytoma was noted in 4/7 clinical cases. Concurrent endocrine abnormalities (eg, thyroid adenoma, adrenal hyperplasia, pituitary pars intermedia hyperplasia or adenoma, parathyroid C‐cell carcinoma) were found in 27/37 horses, with 8/37 horses having lesions consistent with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome as described in humans. Conclusions Pheochromocytoma was diagnosed in 0.95% of horses presented for necropsy. The majority of these were incidental findings, but pheochromocytoma was thought to contribute to clinical findings in 19% of cases, and multiple endocrine neoplasms were commonly seen. Usually an incidental finding at necropsy, pheochromocytoma may cause acute death from intraperitoneal exsanguination and should be considered in horses presenting with colic, tachycardia, and hemoperitoneum.
Acute atrial arrhythmogenicity and altered Ca2+ homeostasis in murine RyR2-P2328S hearts

Aims The experiments explored for atrial arrhythmogenesis and its possible physiological background in recently developed hetero-(RyR2+/S) and homozygotic (RyR2S/S) RyR2-P2328S murine models for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) for the first time. They complement previous clinical and experimental reports describing increased ventricular arrhythmic tendencies associated with physical activity, stress, or catecholamine infusion, potentially leading to VT and ventricular fibrillation. Methods and results Atrial arrhythmogenic properties were compared at the whole animal, Langendorff-perfused heart, and single, isolated atrial myocyte levels using electrophysiological and confocal fluorescence microscopy methods. This demonstrated that: (i) electrocardiographic parameters in intact anaesthetized wild-type (WT), RyR2+/S and RyR2S/S mice were statistically indistinguishable both before and after addition of isoproterenol apart from increases in heart rates. (ii) Bipolar electrogram and monophasic action potential recordings showed significantly higher incidences of arrhythmogenesis in isolated perfused RyR2S/S, but not RyR2+/S, relative to WT hearts during either regular pacing or programmed electrical stimulation. The addition of isoproterenol increased such incidences in all three groups. (iii) However, there were no accompanying differences in cardiac anatomy or action potential durations at 90% repolarization and refractory periods. (iv) In contrast, episodes of diastolic Ca2+ release were observed under confocal microscopy in isolated fluo-3-loaded RyR2S/S, but not RyR2+/S or WT, atrial myocytes. The introduction of isoproterenol resulted in significant diastolic Ca2+ release in all three groups. Conclusions These findings establish acute atrial arrhythmogenic properties in RyR2-P2328S hearts and correlate these with altered Ca2+ homeostasis in an absence of repolarization abnormalities for the first time.
Evaluation of a stereo audio data hiding method using inter-channel decorrelator polarity

We extensively evaluated a data hiding algorithm for stereo audio signals which embeds data using the polarity of the echoes added to the high-frequency channels, which we have previously proposed. Its performance was also compared to conventional data hiding using spread spectrum, and those using echoes with different delays. Raw embedded data was detected with little or no errors for added noise at 20 dB SNR and above, or with MP3 coders, although the spread spectrum method showed almost no errors at all. However, sample rate conversion and random bit cropping were shown not to affect the embedded data with the proposed method, while other methods, including spread spectrum, showed significant amount of errors. The embedded audio quality test using the MUSHRA standard method resulted in little noticeable degradation, far better quality compared to other hiding methods.
Antidepressant-like Effect of Kaempferol and Quercitirin, Isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten

Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. is widely cultivated in Jeju Island (South Korea) for use in manufacture of health foods. This study described antidepressant effect of two flavonoids (kaempferol and quercitrin) isolated from the Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. The expression of the hypothalamic POMC mRNA or plasma β-endorphin levels were increased by extract of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten or its flavoniods administered orally. In addition, antidepressant activity was studied using tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST) and rota-rod test in chronically restraint immobilization stress group in mice. After restraint stress (2 hrs/day for 14 days), animals were kept in cage for 14 days without any further stress, bet with drugs. Mice were fed with a diet supplemented for 14 days and during the behavioral test period with kaempferol or quercitrin (30 mg/kg/day). POMC mRNA or plasma β-endorphin level was increased by extract of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten and its flavoniods. In addition, immobility time in TST and FST was significantly reduced by kaempferol or quercitrin. In rota-rod test, the time of permanence was maintained to the semblance of control group in turning at 15 rpm. Our results suggest that two flavonoids (kaempferol and quercitrin) isolated from the Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. show a potent antidepressant effect.
CHEMDNER challenge overview paper with summary tables of systems performance , methods , features and used resources : •

A.1. CHEMDNER challenge overview paper with summary tables of systems performance, methods, features and used resources: The drugs and chemical names extraction challenge. J Cheminform A.2. Participating teams detailed system description/update papers (selected after peer review process): Team 184: Riza Batista-Navarro, Rafal Rak and Sophia Ananiadou. Optimising chemical named entity recognition with pre-processing analytics, knowledge-rich features and heuristics. J Cheminform A tool for the differential identification of several classes of chemical entities. J Cheminform
The effects of mobility on the hit performance of cached D2D networks

A device-to-device (D2D) wireless network is considered, where user devices also have the ability to cache content. In such networks, users are mobile and communication links can be spontaneously activated and dropped depending on the users' relative position. Receivers request files from transmitters, these files having a certain popularity and file-size distribution. In this work a new performance metric is introduced, namely the Service Success Probability, which captures the specificities of D2D networks. For the Poisson Point Process case for node distribution and the SNR coverage model, explicit expressions are derived. Simulations support the analytical results and explain the influence of mobility and file-size distribution on the system performance, while providing intuition on how to appropriately cache content on mobile storage space. Of particular interest is the investigation on how different file-size distributions (Exponential, Uniform, or Heavy-Tailed) influence the performance.
New Efficient Searchable Encryption Schemes from Bilinear Pairings

Public key encryption with keyword search (PEKS) enables user Alice to send a secret key TW to a server that will enable the server to locate all encrypted messages containing the keyword W, but learn nothing else. In this paper, we propose a new PEKS scheme based on bilinear pairings. There is no pairing operation involved in the encryption procedure and so our new PEKS scheme is more e‐cient than the scheme of Boneh et.al. in [5]. Then, we provide further discussions on removing secure channel from PEKS, and present an e‐cient secure channel free PEKS scheme. Our two new schemes can be proved secure in the random oracle model, under the appropriate computational assumptions.
Mice Abundant in Muricholic Bile Acids Show Resistance to Dietary Induced Steatosis, Weight Gain, and to Impaired Glucose Metabolism

High endogenous production of, or treatment with muricholic bile acids, strongly reduces the absorption of cholesterol. Mice abundant in muricholic bile acids may therefore display an increased resistance against dietary induced weight gain, steatosis, and glucose intolerance due to an anticipated general reduction in lipid absorption. To test this hypothesis, mice deficient in steroid 12-alpha hydroxylase (Cyp8b1-/-) and therefore abundant in muricholic acids were monitored for 11 weeks while fed a high fat diet. Food intake and body and liver weights were determined, and lipids in liver, serum and feces were measured. Further, responses during oral glucose and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests were evaluated. On the high fat diet, Cyp8b1-/- mice displayed less weight gain compared to wildtype littermates (Cyp8b1+/+). In addition, liver enlargement with steatosis and increases in serum LDL-cholesterol were strongly attenuated in Cyp8b1-/- mice on high fat diet. Fecal excretion of cholesterol was increased and there was a strong trend for doubled fecal excretion of free fatty acids, while excretion of triglycerides was unaltered, indicating dampened lipid absorption. On high fat diet, Cyp8b1-/- mice also presented lower serum glucose levels in response to oral glucose gavage or to intraperitoneal insulin injection compared to Cyp8b1+/+. In conclusion, following exposure to a high fat diet, Cyp8b1-/- mice are more resistant against weight gain, steatosis, and to glucose intolerance than Cyp8b1+/+ mice. Reduced lipid absorption may in part explain these findings. Overall, the results suggest that muricholic bile acids may be beneficial against the metabolic syndrome.
Inside-Outside Probability Computation for Belief Propagation

In this paper we prove that the well-known correspondence between the forward-backward algorithm for hidden Markov models (HMMs) and belief propagation (BP) applied to HMMs can be generalized to one between BP for junction trees and the generalized inside-outside probability computation for probabilistic logic programs applied to junction trees.
OntoCop: Constructing Ontologies for Public Comments

U.S. law defines a process known as Notice and Comment Rulemaking that requires regulatory agencies to seek comment from the public before establishing new regulations. Regulatory agencies are also expected to demonstrate that the final regulation addresses all substantive issues raised by the public. Most proposed regulations attract few comments from the public, but each year a few regulations attract tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of comments. When comment volume is high, most comments are form letters and modified form letters, which are not difficult to process [1], but there are still tens of thousands of unique comments that address a variety of issues. There may also be political or public pressure for the agency to issue regulations quickly. In these cases, regulatory agencies and other interested parties need tools that help them to quickly make sense of public comments.
Bayesian Image Super-resolution, Continued

This paper develops a multi-frame image super-resolution approach from a Bayesian view-point by marginalizing over the unknown registration parameters relating the set of input low-resolution views. In Tipping and Bishop's Bayesian image super-resolution approach [16], the marginalization was over the super-resolution image, necessitating the use of an unfavorable image prior. By integrating over the registration parameters rather than the high-resolution image, our method allows for more realistic prior distributions, and also reduces the dimension of the integral considerably, removing the main computational bottleneck of the other algorithm. In addition to the motion model used by Tipping and Bishop, illumination components are introduced into the generative model, allowing us to handle changes in lighting as well as motion. We show results on real and synthetic datasets to illustrate the efficacy of this approach.
Examining Thin Film AlSb for Room Temperature Gamma Detectors

A thin film semiconductor device was grown by MBE methods, characterized for material quality and evaluated for suitability as a room temperature gamma radiation detector. The objective was to produce a device that was superior to current semiconductor detectors, namely HPGe and CZT which have different limitations due to intrinsic material characteristics. AlSb was chosen because of its desirable properties which include the high atomic number of antimony (Z = 51), relatively large band gap (Eg = 1.6 eV), and theorized high dual carrier mobility. Simulations were performed using MCNP5 to predict energy deposited in AlSb by low energy gammas from Ba-133 and Co-57. A benchmark model was developed using a silicon surface barrier detector to validate AlSb simulations. Prior to radiation experiments, a series of characterization methods were employed to evaluate the material quality. Surface features were measured by Nomarski imaging and AFM, revealing an orange peel texture and screw dislocations. The material composition was examined using XRD and the AlSb layer was observed to be fairly narrow
Cholera Toxin Is Exported from Microsomes by the Sec61p Complex

After endocytosis cholera toxin is transported to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), from where its A1 subunit (CTA1) is assumed to be transferred to the cytosol by an as-yet unknown mechanism. Here, export of CTA1 from the ER to the cytosol was investigated in a cell-free assay using either microsomes loaded with CTA1 by in vitro translation or reconstituted microsomes containing CTA1 purified from V. cholerae. Export of CTA1 from the microsomes was time- and adenosine triphosphate–dependent and required lumenal ER proteins. By coimmunoprecipitation CTA1 was shown to be associated during export with the Sec61p complex, which mediates import of proteins into the ER. Export of CTA1 was inhibited when the Sec61p complexes were blocked by nascent polypeptides arrested during import, demonstrating that the export of CTA1 depended on translocation-competent Sec61p complexes. Export of CTA1 from the reconstituted microsomes indicated the de novo insertion of the toxin into the Sec61p complex from the lumenal side. Our results suggest that Sec61p complex–mediated protein export from the ER is not restricted to ER-associated protein degradation but is also used by bacterial toxins, enabling their entry into the cytosol of the target cell.
Improved Performance of Gene Set Analysis on Genome-Wide Transcriptomics Data when Using Gene Activity State Estimates

Gene set analysis methods continue to be a popular and powerful method of evaluating genome-wide transcriptomics data. These approach require a priori grouping of genes into biologically meaningful sets, and then conducting downstream analyses at the set (instead of gene) level of analysis. Gene set analysis methods have been shown to yield more powerful statistical conclusions than single-gene analyses due to both reduced multiple testing penalties and potentially larger observed effects due to the aggregation of effects across multiple genes in the set. Traditionally, gene set analysis methods have been applied directly to normalized, log-transformed, transcriptomics data. Recently, efforts have been made to transform transcriptomics data to scales yielding more biologically interpretable results. For example, recently proposed models transform log-transformed transcriptomics data to a confidence metric (ranging between 0 and 100%) that a gene is active (roughly speaking, that the gene product is part of an active cellular mechanism). In this manuscript, we demonstrate, on both real and simulated transcriptomics data, that tests for differential expression between sets of genes using are typically more powerful when using gene activity state estimates as opposed to log-transformed gene expression data. Our analysis suggests further exploration of techniques to transform transcriptomics data to meaningful quantities for improved downstream inference.
Evidence of Diversity among Epidemiologically Related Carbapenemase-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Belonging to International Clonal Lineage II

ABSTRACT Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains belonging to international clonal lineage II (ICL-II) have become predominant in intensive care units (ICUs) throughout Italy. Between 2005 and 2009, the carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamase (CHDL) bla OXA-23 gene became more prevalent than bla OXA-58 among epidemic ICL-II strains showing extensive genetic similarity. These findings posed the question of whether CHDL gene replacement occurred in the homogeneous ICL-II population or a new OXA-23 clone(s) emerged and spread in ICUs. In this study, the changes in the ICL-II A. baumannii population and CHDL gene carriage were investigated in 30 genetically related isolates collected during the bla OXA-58-to-bla OXA-23 transition period. Pulsotyping, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) results were combined with multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA-8), siderotyping, and plasmid profiling to improve genotype-based discrimination between isolates. Pulsotyping, RAPD analysis, and MLST clustered isolates into a single type. MLVA-8 identified 19 types that clustered into three complexes. All OXA-23-producing isolates formed a single complex, while OXA-58 producers were split into two complexes. Southern blot analysis of the physical localization and genetic context of the CHDL genes showed that bla OXA-58 was invariably located on plasmids, while bla OXA-23 was present within Tn2006 on the chromosome or both the chromosome and plasmids. These data indicate that the apparently homogeneous population of CHDL-producing ICL-II strains was composed of several independent strains and that, between 2005 and 2009, distinct OXA-23 producers displaced the preexisting OXA-58 producers. Thus, MLVA-8 appears to be a suitable tool not only for investigating A. baumannii population structure but also for high-resolution epidemiological typing.
“Enacted” Auditory Images are Ambiguous; “Pure” Auditory Images are Not

Previous research indicates that visual images are inherently unambiguous. The present study extends this argument to auditory imagery. In Experiment 1, subjects were able to reinterpret an imaged ambiguous auditory figure, but covert subvocalization apparently aided this reinterpretation. When subvocalization was blocked, reinterpretations were eliminated. Experiments 2 and 3 generalize this finding to different procedures and stimuli. Experiment 4 explores further the role of subvocalization, by showing that the likelihood of reinterpreting an imaged stimulus is directly proportional to the degree of enactment allowed. We argue that subvocalization or enactment provides an internal stimulus that is subject to reinterpretation. Without enactment, the “pure” auditory image is as unambiguous as a visual image. Thus, in both visual and auditory modalities, images come into being as representations and so are inherently meaningful.
Impaired Eyeblink Conditioning and Decreased Hippocampal Volume in PDAPP V717F Mice

We examined heterozygous transgenic (Tg) mice that overexpress V717F amyloid precursor protein (APP) for delay eyeblink conditioning (EBC) and hippocampal volume with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Platelet-derived APP mice were significantly impaired on EBC relative to wild type (WT) litter-mate controls. T2-weighted spin echo images (62.5 x 125 x 500 microm) of the same mice were acquired under anesthesia using a 9.4T magnet. Tg mice had hippocampal to brain volume ratios that were significantly smaller than WT controls (31% smaller in the rostral dorsal hippocampus, 13-22% smaller among equal dorsal-ventral thirds of a caudal section). These results indicate that overexpression of APP or beta amyloid profoundly affects learning and memory and hippocampal volume. The results also indicate that eyeblink conditioning and quantitative MRI in mice may be useful assays to follow the progression of disease-related changes, and to test the effectiveness of potential therapeutics against Alzheimer's disease.