Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Intersection of Race/Ethnicity and Gender in Occupational Segregation

In this article, we examine changes in the types of occupations that members of various racial/ethnic-gender groups have entered. We are interested in two trends that we believe may have contributed to differences in occupational concentration: budget reductions and policy changes in Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforcement procedures, and the continuing increases in women's educational attainment. Using whites, African Americans, and Hispanics in our analysis, we evaluate race and ethnic differences by gender, and gender differences by race and ethnicity; thus, we pay particular attention to the intersection of race/ethnicity and gender in these processes. Our results suggest that white men have maintained their advantage in the occupational hierarchy in the period under investigation, and that white women have made more progress than any other group. For women, educational investment reaps rewards, although these benefits continue to be unequal. At the same time, the rewards accruing to white men, above and beyond the additive effects of their race and gender, have not changed over time; white women's progress has not intruded on this. Instead, white women's progress is a result of changes in two additive effects: the cost of being female has declined over time and the white advantage has increased. To the extent that changes in EEOC policies have had a negative impact on occupational desegregation, the impact is racialized but not gendered.
Implementation of a protocol for secure distributed aggregation of smart metering data

Measurements gathered by Smart Meters and collected through the Automatic Metering Infrastructure of Smart Grids can be accessed by numerous external subjects for different purposes, ranging from billing to grid monitoring and management. Therefore, metering data must be securely handled, in order to protect the users' privacy and to prevent the disclosure of personal information through the analysis of energy consumption patterns. This paper proposes the implementation of a protocol for privacy-preserving aggregation of metering data in a distributed scenario, which relies on communication Gateways located in the customers' households. Measurements are encrypted by using a secret sharing scheme. The routing of the information flows is performed exploiting a variant of the Chord protocol. We evaluate the performance of the protocol and discuss how they are affected by two well known attacks to the Chord routing, namely the Sybil and Eclipse attacks.
Time bound Adaptive Genetic Algorithm based face recognition

When huge face database has to be searched for face detection time becomes the deciding factor for certain applications such as airport security checks where face detection within a short span of time is desirable. Genetic algorithm helps in close match in a very large face database based on heuristic search. PCA based features is a compulsion from the point of view of low dimension and space limitation. This paper proposes time bound adaptive genetic algorithm so as to reduce time for face detection application in shortest span of time. Integrated expert system will still reduce time for recognition.
Classification of prostatic biopsy

Prostatic biopsies provide the information for the determined diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Computer-aid investigation of biopsies can reduce the loading of pathologists and also inter- and intra-observer variability as well. In this paper, we proposed a novel method to classify prostatic biopsies according to the Gleason Grading System. This method analyzes the fractal dimension of sub-bands derived from the images of prostatic biopsies. In the experiments, we adopted Support vector machine as the classifier and the leave-one-out approach to estimate error rate. The present experimental results demonstrated that 86.3% of accuracy for a set of 1000 pathological images. These images are randomly selected from 50 cases which were prepared within last five years.
Activated Scavenger Receptor A Promotes Glial Internalization of Aβ

Beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates have a pivotal role in pathological processing of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The clearance of Aβ monomer or aggregates is a causal strategy for AD treatment. Microglia and astrocytes are the main macrophages that exert critical neuroprotective roles in the brain. They may effectively clear the toxic accumulation of Aβ at the initial stage of AD, however, their functions are attenuated because of glial overactivation. In this study, we first showed that heptapeptide XD4 activates the class A scavenger receptor (SR-A) on the glia by increasing the binding of Aβ to SR-A, thereby promoting glial phagocytosis of Aβ oligomer in microglia and astrocytes and triggering intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades. Moreover, XD4 enhances the internalization of Aβ monomers to microglia and astrocytes through macropinocytosis or SR-A-mediated phagocytosis. Furthermore, XD4 significantly inhibits Aβ oligomer-induced cytotoxicity to glial cells and decreases the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, in vitro and in vivo. Our findings may provide a novel strategy for AD treatment by activating SR-A.
0 Optimizing Performance and Enhancing Functionality of Distributed Applications Using Logistical Networking

Project Summary There is wide agreement that an essential key to the new era of simulation-intensive, collaboration-enabled scientific computing, envisioned by DOE’s Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) initiative, is the development of advanced network and middleware services that can provide reliable, fast, flexible, scalable, and efficient delivery of data to support distributed and high performance applications of all types. The research on Logistical Networking that we propose represents an aggressive approach that aims to extract maximum leverage to achieve this end from the ongoing, exponential growth in all types of computing resources — processing power, communication bandwidth, and storage.
Correlated load-address predictors

As microprocessors become faster, the relative performance cost of memory accesses increases. Bigger and faster caches significantly reduce the absolute load-to-use time delay. However, increase in processor operational frequencies impairs the relative load-to-use latency, measured in processor cycles (e.g. from two cycles on the Pentium processor to three cycles of more in current designs). Load-address prediction techniques were introduced to partially cut the load-to-use latency. This paper focuses on advanced address-prediction schemes to further shorten program execution time. Existing address prediction schemes are capable of predicting simple address patterns, consisting mainly of constant addresses or stride-based addresses. This paper explores the characteristics of the remaining loads and suggests new enhanced techniques to improve prediction effectiveness: Context-based prediction to tackle part of the remaining, difficult-to-predict, load instructions. New prediction algorithms to take advantage of global correlation among different static loads. New confidence mechanisms to increase the correct prediction rate and to eliminate costly mispredictions. Mechanisms to prevent long or random address sequences from polluting the predictor data structures while providing some hysteresis behavior to the predictions. Such an enhanced address predictor accurately predicts 67% of all loads, while keeping the misprediction rate close to 1% We further prove that the proposed predictor works reasonably well in a deep pipelined architecture where the predict-to-update delay may significantly impair both prediction rate and accuracy.
Directly optimizing evaluation measures in learning to rank

One of the central issues in learning to rank for information retrieval is to develop algorithms that construct ranking models by directly optimizing evaluation measures used in information retrieval such as Mean Average Precision (MAP) and Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG). Several such algorithms including SVMmap and AdaRank have been proposed and their effectiveness has been verified. However, the relationships between the algorithms are not clear, and furthermore no comparisons have been conducted between them. In this paper, we conduct a study on the approach of directly optimizing evaluation measures in learning to rank for Information Retrieval (IR). We focus on the methods that minimize loss functions upper bounding the basic loss function defined on the IR measures. We first provide a general framework for the study and analyze the existing algorithms of SVMmap and AdaRank within the framework. The framework is based on upper bound analysis and two types of upper bounds are discussed. Moreover, we show that we can derive new algorithms on the basis of this analysis and create one example algorithm called PermuRank. We have also conducted comparisons between SVMmap, AdaRank, PermuRank, and conventional methods of Ranking SVM and RankBoost, using benchmark datasets. Experimental results show that the methods based on direct optimization of evaluation measures can always outperform conventional methods of Ranking SVM and RankBoost. However, no significant difference exists among the performances of the direct optimization methods themselves.
Brushing Dimensions - A Dual Visual Analysis Model for High-Dimensional Data

In many application fields, data analysts have to deal with datasets that contain many expressions per item. The effective analysis of such multivariate datasets is dependent on the user's ability to understand both the intrinsic dimensionality of the dataset as well as the distribution of the dependent values with respect to the dimensions. In this paper, we propose a visualization model that enables the joint interactive visual analysis of multivariate datasets with respect to their dimensions as well as with respect to the actual data values. We describe a dual setting of visualization and interaction in items space and in dimensions space. The visualization of items is linked to the visualization of dimensions with brushing and focus+context visualization. With this approach, the user is able to jointly study the structure of the dimensions space as well as the distribution of data items with respect to the dimensions. Even though the proposed visualization model is general, we demonstrate its application in the context of a DNA microarray data analysis.
Proof of Stake Velocity: Building the Social Currency of the Digital Age

Proof of Stake Velocity (PoSV) is proposed as an alternative to Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) to secure the peer-to-peer network and conrm transactions of Reddcoin, a cryptocurrency created specically to facilitate social interactions in the digital age. PoSV is designed to encourage both ownership (Stake) and activity (Velocity) which directly correspond to the two main functions of Reddcoin as a real currency: store of value and medium of exchange. Reddcoin can also function as the unit of account in heterogeneous social context. The technological aspects of PoSV are presented after a detailed review of existing designs. The economic aspects of Reddcoin are then analysed. Finally the unique position of Reddcoin as a digital social currency in the competitive landscape of cryptocurrencies is discussed.
Teachers’ professional identity and burn-out

The problem of teacher bum-out is a matter of deep concern to educational policymakers and administrators because of the vast resources invested in teacher education and in-service training. It is claimed that one out of every four teachers eventually leaves teaching (Charters, 1970; Mark and Anderson, 1978). Several possibilities have been suggested to explain this state of affairs: the low status of teaching, higher salaries in other occupations, stress and burn-out. Stress, found to be prevalent in the human service professions (Applebaum, 1981; Cherniss, 1980), is particularly widespread among teachers and may have far-reaching consequences for the entire educational system (Kryacou and Sutcliffe, 1977). An attempt has been made to distinguish between various kinds of stress and their influence on the individual. Pettegrew and Wolf (1982), looking for situational variables, identified task-based, role-related, and work-event stress and investigated their impact on bum-out. The present authors, focusing on role-related stress, found professional identity to be a statistically significant predictor of jobleaving inclination (Hofman and Kremer, 1981). This study is a further attempt to clarify the notion of professional identity and demonstrate its relevance to burnout, a component of job-leaving inclination.
Electrical and Contractile Remodeling During the First Days of Atrial Fibrillation Go Hand in Hand

Background—The mechanisms of the atrial contractile dysfunction induced by atrial fibrillation (AF) are not completely understood. In particular, the relation between the atrial dysfunction and electrical remodeling has not yet been studied. Methods and Results—Seven goats were chronically instrumented with electrodes sutured to the atria and with ultrasonic piezoelectric crystals to record the atrial diameters. A pressure transducer was implanted in the right atrium. After 5 minutes, 3 hours, and throughout the first 5 days of artificially maintained AF, atrial contractile function was measured and the atrial effective refractory period (AERP) was monitored for comparison. Also, the positive inotropic effects of the L-type Ca2+-channel agonist BayY5959 and short trains of rapid atrial pacing were studied. After resumption of sinus rhythm, the recovery of atrial contractile function was followed. After 5 minutes of AF, atrial contractility was decreased by ≈55% but recovered completely within 10 minutes. Five days of AF nearly completely abolished the atrial contractile function, and recovery took 2 days. During the first days of AF, the development of the contractile dysfunction followed the same time course as the shortening of AERP (electrical remodeling). In remodeled atria, BayY5959 increased atrial contractility to the same extent as it prolonged AERP. The inotropic effect of short trains of rapid atrial pacing was similar in normal and remodeled atria. Conclusions—Depending on the duration of AF, different mechanisms contribute to the AF-induced atrial hypocontractility. Atrial contractile remodeling during several days of AF goes hand in hand with electrical remodeling and might be caused by a reduction of the L-type Ca2+-current.
Chiropractic Intervention and the Control of Eye Movement in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: a Pilot Study

ii List of Figures . vii List of Tables . vii Attestation of Authorship . viii Acknowledgements . ix Ethics Approval . x Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder . 4 Aetiology and clinical presentation . 4 Oculomotor control of the eye. 5 Reading and oculomotor control. 7 Chiropractic and its potential relationship with oculomotor control. 9 Summary . 14 Aims . 14 Chapter 2: Methods . 15 Design . 15 Ethical Approvals. 15 Participants . 15 Procedures . 17 Chiropractic Intervention. 19 Control Intervention. 20 Follow-up assessment. 20 Safety Monitoring . 21 Outcome Measures . 21 Feasibility Measures: participant and guardian impressions . 21 Secondary Measures: The Eye Tribe eye tracker. 22 Eye tracking tasks. 24 Target acquisition task. 24 Reading task. 24 Data Management . 26 Data Analysis . 27 Chapter 3: Results.28 Feasibility. 28 Recruitment and Retention. 28 Sample characteristics . 32
Localization and characterization of phenamil-sensitive Na+ influx in isolated rainbow trout gill epithelial cells

SUMMARY Percoll density-gradient separation, combined with peanut lectin agglutinin (PNA) binding and magnetic bead separation, was used to separate dispersed fish gill cells into sub-populations. Functional characterization of each of the sub-populations was performed to determine which displayed acid-activated phenamil- and bafilomycin-sensitive Na+ uptake. Analysis of the mechanism(s) of 22Na+ influx was performed in control and acid-activated (addition of 10 mmoll-1 proprionic acid) cells using a variety of Na+ transport inhibitors (ouabain, phenamil, HOE-694 and bumetanide) and a V-type ATPase inhibitor (bafilomycin). We found that cells migrating to a 1.03-1.05 g ml-1 Percoll interface [pavement cells (PVCs)] possessed the lowest rates of Na+ uptake and that influx was unchanged during either bafilomycin (10 nmoll-1) treatment or internal acidification with addition of proprionic acid (10 mmoll-1). Mitochondria-rich (MR) cells that migrated to the 1.05-1.09 g ml-1 interface of the Percoll gradient demonstrated acidification-activated bafilomycin and phenamil-sensitive Na+ influx. Further separation of the MR fraction into PNA+ and PNA- fractions using magnetic separation demonstrated that only the PNA- cells (α-MR cells) demonstrated phenamil-and bafilomycin-sensitive acid-activated 22Na+ uptake. We confirm the coupling of a V-type H+-ATPase with phenamil-sensitive Na+ uptake activity and conclude that high-density α-MR cells function in branchial Na+ uptake in freshwater fish.
Physicochemical Characterization of a Thermostable Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Pyrobaculum aerophilum

In this work we characterize an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum (PyAeADHII). We have previously found that PyAeADHII has no activity when standard ADH substrates are used but is active when α-tetralone is used as substrate. Here, to gain insights into enzyme function, we screened several chemical libraries for enzymatic modulators using an assay employing α-tetralone. The results indicate that PyAeADHII activity in the presence of α-tetralone was inhibited by compounds such as flunarizine. We also examined metal coordination of the enzyme in solution by performing metal substitution of the enzyme-bound zinc (Zn2+) with cobalt. The solution-based absorption spectra for cobalt substituted PyAeADHII supports substitution at the structural Zn2+ site. To gain structural insight, we obtained the crystal structure of both wild-type and cobalt-substituted PyAeADHII at 1.75 Å and 2.20 Å resolution, respectively. The X-ray data confirmed one metal ion per monomer present only at the structural site with otherwise close conservation to other ADH enzymes. We next determined the co-crystal structure of the NADPH-bound form of the enzyme at 2.35 Å resolution to help define the active site region of the enzyme and this data shows close structural conservation with horse ADH, despite the lack of a catalytic Zn2+ ion in PyAeADHII. Modeling of α-tetralone into the NADPH bound structure suggests an arginine as a possible catalytic residue. The data presented here can yield a better understanding of alcohol dehydrogenases lacking the catalytic zinc as well as the structural features inherent to thermostable enzymes.
Higher hemoglobin level is associated with subtle declines in renal function and presence of cardiorenal risk factors in early CKD stages.

BACKGROUND Patients with advanced renal dysfunction have comorbidities, including anemia, as a consequence of reduced production of erythropoietin. However, little is known about the renal response to early decreases in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before the onset of anemia. We therefore investigated the hemoglobin concentration across subtle declines in renal function stratified by cardiorenal risk factors, in subjects with eGFR ≥50 mL/min/1.73 m(2). METHODS Based on the data from routine health checkups in tertiary university hospitals during the last 15 years, 145 865 adult subjects were identified. RESULTS Hemoglobin levels among eGFR Groups 2-6 (50 ≤ eGFR < 100 mL/min/1.73m(2)) were significantly higher compared to eGFR group ≥100 mL/min/1.73m(2) (P < 0.001), and the highest level of mean hemoglobin was seen at eGFR 50-59 mL/min/1.73m(2). The mean hemoglobin level of subjects with eGFR 50-59 mL/min/1.73m(2) and eGFR ≥ 100 mL/min/1.73m(2) were 13.36 [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.33-13.40] g/dL versus 12.92 (95% CI: 12.88-12.95) g/dL in women (P < 0.001); in men, 15.60 (95% CI: 15.57-15.63) g/dL versus 15.15 (95% CI: 15.11-15.18) g/dL (P < 0.001). Among each eGFR group, hemoglobin levels were higher in subjects with hypertension (P < 0.001 in both genders), diabetes mellitus (P < 0.001 in both genders) and components of MS (P < 0.003 in both genders) compared to subjects without these conditions. CONCLUSION Hemoglobin concentration may be slightly higher across subtle declines in renal function and the presence of cardiorenal risk factors in early CKD stages.
RETHINKING SATELLITE BASED SOLAR IRRADIANCE MODELLING

Accurate solar irradiance data are not only of particular importance for the assessment of the radiative forcing of the climate system, but also absolutely necessary for an efficient planning and operation of solar energy systems. Within the European project Heliosat-3 a new type of solar irradiance scheme is developed. This new type will be based on radiative transfer models (RTM) using the information of atmospheric parameters retrieved from the MSG satellite (clouds, ozone, water vapour) and the ERS-2/ENVISAT satellites (aerosols). This paper focuses on the description of the clear sky module of the new scheme, especially on the integrated use of a radiative transfer model. The linkage of the clear sky module with the cloud module is also briefly described in order to point out the benefits of the integrated RTM use for the all sky situations. The integrated use of a RTM within the new SOlar Irradiance Scheme SOLIS is applied by introducing a new fitting function called the modified Lambert-Beer (MLB) relation. Consequently, the modified Lambert-Beer relation and its role for an integrated RTM use are discussed. Comparison of the calculated clear sky irradiances with ground based measurements and the current clear sky module demonstrates the advantages and benefits of SOLIS. For example, spectral resolved data as well as the possibility to use enhanced information of atmospheric parameters. Since SOLIS provides spectral resolved irradiance data, it can be used for different applications. Beside improved information for the planning of solar energy systems, the calculation of photosynthetic active radiation, UV-index and Illuminance is possible.
A Method for Local Community Detection by Finding Core Nodes

Currently, the detection of global community structure in networks has gathered a lot of attention. Most of the methods need global knowledge of the graphs which would be unrealistic to get when the graphs are too large or evolve too quickly. Moreover, sometimes we are only interested in the community structures of some given nodes, not all nodes. So detecting the community of a given node i.e. local community detection is more appropriate. Most of the proposed solutions for local community detection built upon the source nodes are sensitive to the position of source nodes. In this paper, we propose a method to detect local community of a given node by finding the core node of the community firstly. Then expand the core node's cliques to get community of the given node. We validate our method on real-world networks whose community structures are available. The result shows that our method can get high recall and precision score and is quite effective and flexible to identify local communities, irrespective of the source node position.