Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EMI issues in high power and high level diode-clamped converters

Planar busbar is a good candidate to reduce interconnection inductance in high power inverters compared with cables. However, power switching components with fast switching combined with hard switched-converters produce high di/dt during turn off time and busbar stray inductance then becomes an important issue which creates overvoltage. It is necessary to keep the busbar stray inductance as low as possible to decrease overvoltage and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) noise. In this paper, the effect of different transient current loops on busbar physical structure of the highvoltage high-level diode-clamped converters will be highlighted. Design considerations of proper planar busbar will also be presented to optimise the overall design of diode-clamped converters.
Broadband metasurface Luneburg lens antenna based on glide-symmetric bed of nails

A broadband metasurface Luneburg lens based on glide-symmetric bed of nails is designed. First, the Luneburg lens was re-shaped using quasi-conformal transformation optics. With this technique, the original circular focal curve of the lens is changed to a straight line. Afterwards, the refractive index distribution of the optically transformed lens is realized by changing the height of the pins in a bed of nails configuration. The complete Luneburg lens is simulated in CST Microwave Studio and the results demonstrate that the lens has 8–16 GHz bandwidth.
Laser diode optically pumped caesium beam

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of a possible scheme to realize a strong population difference between the two ground state sub-levels F=4, M F =0, and F=3, M F =0 of caesium atom. Two laser-diode light beams, π polarized, are used to illuminate at right angle an atomic beam. The efficiency of the population difference build up is evaluated for two limiting cases according to the light spectral distribution: the monochromatic and broadband excitations. This analysis takes into account hyperfine and Zeeman structures of the energy levels. Numerical calculations show that the monochromatic excitation leads to steady state population difference close to the value obtained with a single pumping laser; however all the atoms can be brought in the upper level if the two laser lights are considered broadband and uncorrelated. Guidelines are derived to obtain an efficient optically pumped caesium beam frequency standard Analyse theorique d'un schema possible de pompage optique permettant de realiser une difference de population entre sous-niveaux F=4, M F =0 et F=3, M F =0 de l'etat fondamental de l'atome Cs, ou deux diodes laser eclairent en lumiere π et a angle droit le faisceau atomique. Calcul de la difference de population pour deux cas limites: excitation monochromatique et excitation a large bande, en tenant compte des structures hyperfines et Zeeman des niveaux d'energie
Transcriptional Derepression of the ERVWE1 Locus following Influenza A Virus Infection

ABSTRACT Syncytin-1, a fusogenic protein encoded by a human endogenous retrovirus of the W family (HERV-W) element (ERVWE1), is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta. This locus is transcriptionally repressed in adult tissues through promoter CpG methylation and suppressive histone modifications. Whereas syncytin-1 appears to be crucial for the development and functioning of the human placenta, its ectopic expression has been associated with pathological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia. We previously reported on the transactivation of HERV-W elements, including ERVWE1, during influenza A/WSN/33 virus infection in a range of human cell lines. Here we report the results of quantitative PCR analyses of transcripts encoding syncytin-1 in both cell lines and primary fibroblast cells. We observed that spliced ERVWE1 transcripts and those encoding the transcription factor glial cells missing 1 (GCM1), acting as an enhancer element upstream of ERVWE1, are prominently upregulated in response to influenza A/WSN/33 virus infection in nonplacental cells. Knockdown of GCM1 by small interfering RNA followed by infection suppressed the transactivation of ERVWE1. While the infection had no influence on CpG methylation in the ERVWE1 promoter, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays detected decreased H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and histone methyltransferase SETDB1 levels along with influenza virus proteins associated with ERVWE1 and other HERV-W loci in infected CCF-STTG1 cells. The present findings suggest that an exogenous influenza virus infection can transactivate ERVWE1 by increasing transcription of GCM1 and reducing H3K9me3 in this region and in other regions harboring HERV-W elements. IMPORTANCE Syncytin-1, a protein encoded by the env gene in the HERV-W locus ERVWE1, appears to be crucial for the development and functioning of the human placenta and is transcriptionally repressed in nonplacental tissues. Nevertheless, its ectopic expression has been associated with pathological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia. In the present paper, we report findings suggesting that an exogenous influenza A virus infection can transactivate ERVWE1 by increasing the transcription of GCM1 and reducing the repressive histone mark H3K9me3 in this region and in other regions harboring HERV-W elements. These observations have implications of potential relevance for viral pathogenesis and for conditions associated with the aberrant transcription of HERV-W loci.
Broad tunable photonic microwave source using a single-mode VCSEL subject to parallel optical injection

Microwave photonics is the study of the interaction between microwave and optical waves and their applications. One area of significant interest is the photonic generation of a microwave signal. Several techniques have been developed to generate such photonic microwave sources [1]. In particular, one popular method for generating photonic microwave uses Period-one (P1) oscillations from optically injected semiconductor laser, as this approach offers the potential of a continuous and broad tunable source [2]. Such a broadly tunable microwave signal has been demonstrated using a DFB laser operating in P1 state. [3]. That approach has been extended in this work to vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL). VCSELs offer numerous advantages over DFBs in this context such as low cost, low operating current, low power consumption and longevity.
Child Maltreatment and Foster Care: Unpacking the Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal Parental Substance Use

Parental substance use is a well-documented risk for children. However, little is known about specific effects of prenatal and postnatal substance use on child maltreatment and foster care placement transitions. In this study, the authors unpacked unique effects of (a) prenatal and postnatal parental alcohol and drug use and (b) maternal and paternal substance use as predictors of child maltreatment and foster care placement transitions in a sample of 117 maltreated foster care children. Models were tested with structural equation path modeling. Results indicated that prenatal maternal alcohol use predicted child maltreatment and that combined prenatal maternal alcohol and drug use predicted foster care placement transitions. Prenatal maternal alcohol and drug use also predicted postnatal paternal alcohol and drug use, which in turn predicted foster care placement transitions. Findings highlight the potential integrative role that maternal and paternal substance use has on the risk for child maltreatment and foster care placement transitions.
Transmembrane helical interactions: zeta chain dimerization and functional association with the T cell antigen receptor.

Members of the zeta family of receptor subunits (zeta, eta and gamma) are structurally related proteins found as components of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and certain Fc receptors. These proteins share the ability to form disulfide‐linked dimers with themselves and with other members of the family. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of zeta and gamma reveals a significant degree of homology, which is highest within their membrane‐spanning domains. Analysis of their transmembrane sequences on a helical wheel projection suggests that all of the identical amino acids are clustered on one face of a potential alpha‐helix. This face contains the only cysteine residue within zeta, suggesting that this conserved region may function to mediate dimerization. Indeed, replacing the transmembrane domain of the Tac antigen (alpha chain of the interleukin‐2 receptor) by that of the zeta chain resulted in the formation of disulfide‐linked dimers of Tac. The conserved aspartic acid residue found in the zeta and gamma transmembrane sequences was found to play a role in disulfide linkage. Replacing the aspartic acid with a lysine but not with an alanine or valine residue allowed formation of disulfide‐linked dimers. The ability of the aspartic acid residue to support dimerization was dependent upon its position within the helix. Thus, these observations indicate that residues within the zeta transmembrane domain play a critical role in the formation of disulfide‐linked dimers. Expression of zeta mutants in zeta‐deficient T cells revealed that the zeta transmembrane domain is also responsible for reconstituting transport of functional TCR complexes to the cell surface and differentiated the requirements for disulfide‐linked dimerization per se from assembly of the TCR complex.
Do Emergency Nurses' Triage Decisions Predict Differences in Admission or Discharge Diagnoses for Acute Coronary Syndromes?

Coronary heart disease is the number 1 killer of adults in the United States, affecting 1 in 5 men and women. However, women are more likely than men to die after an acute coronary event and are less likely to receive prompt or aggressive treatment. Few studies have examined the role of emergency nurses' triage decisions in these disparities, even though nurses often determine initial patient priority and urgency status for emergency cardiac evaluation and treatment. The purpose of this prospective study was to examine if nurses' initial triage decisions could predict admission or discharge diagnoses for acute coronary syndromes (ACS). A total of 108 nurses' triage decisions made by 13 nurses were examined. There were no differences in nurses' triage decisions based on patient gender, race, or age. By multivariate analysis, chest pain, history of coronary heart disease, history of myocardial infarction, and smoking were predictive of an ACS decision. Overall, accuracy for predicting admission diagnosis was poor. Sensitivity and specificity were 57% and 59%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 68% and a negative predictive value of 56%. It was similarly poor for predicting discharge diagnosis. Sensitivity and specificity for discharge diagnosis were 55% and 69%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 17% and a negative predictive value of 93%. Findings indicate limitations in the ability of nurses' triage decisions to predict admission and discharge diagnoses for ACS.
Total Aromatic Amino Acid Requirement Of The Indian Major Carp, Cirrhinus Mrigala (Hamilton-Buchanan)

Quantification of the essential amino acid requirements of a species is required for formulating optimal diets for cultivated fish. In this study, crystalline L-phenylalanine was used to determine the quantitative phenylalanine requirement of juvenile Cirrhinus mrigala. Test diets (40% crude protein) contained vitamin-free casein and gelatin supplemented with crystalline L-amino acids to provide an amino acid profile similar to C. mrigala muscle protein except for phenylalanine. Diets containing six graded levels of L-phenylalanine (0.80, 1.10,1.40, 1.70, 2.00 and 2.30%) and a fixed level of tyrosine (0.52%) were formulated and fed to triplicate groups of C. mrigala juveniles twice a day at a rate of 10% of the fish body weight per day for 56 days. The optimum dietary requirement for phenylalanine, estimated by breakpoint regression analysis, was 1.75% of the diet (4.38% of the dietary protein) or 2.27% of the total aromatic amino acid (5.68% of the dietary protein). Beyond the optimum level, phenylalanine significantly depressed growth. The best feed efficiency, specific growth rate and survival were obtained with the diet containing close to the optimum level of aromatic amino acid.
HB-EGF stimulates eNOS expression and nitric oxide production and promotes eNOS dependent angiogenesis

Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of ligands that is expressed by many cell types including endothelial cells. We have previously shown that HB-EGF stimulates angiogenesis in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Nitric oxide (NO) derived from endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an important regulator of angiogenesis. However, the role of HB-EGF in regulation of eNOS has not yet been investigated. Whether HB-EGF-induced endothelial cell migration and vascular network formation are mediated via production of NO from eNOS is also unknown. To address these questions, we stimulated HUVEC with HB-EGF and evaluated the expression of eNOS at the mRNA and protein levels. HB-EGF significantly upregulated expression of eNOS mRNA, stimulated eNOS protein production, and increased NO release from HUVEC. HB-EGF phosphorylated eNOS in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) dependent fashion, and stimulated in vitro angiogenesis. eNOS siRNA inhibited HB-EGF-stimulated HUVEC migration in a scratch assay. NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) and L-N5-(1-lminoethyl)ornithine,dihydochloride (L-NIO) (specific inhibitors of eNOS) also abolished HB-EGF-induced HUVEC migration and angiogenesis. More importantly, we found that HB-EGF also promotes angiogenesis in vivo in the Marigel plug assay. Lastly, inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway enhanced HB-EGF-induced EC migration and angiogenesis. We conclude that HB-EGF, through its interaction with EGF receptors (EGFR), stimulates eNOS activation and NO production via a PI3K-dependent pathway. Thus, activation of eNOS appears to be one of the key signaling pathways necessary for HB-EGF mediated angiogenesis. These novel findings highlight an important role for HB-EGF as a regulator of endothelial cell function.
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 2004

Correspondence to: Dr Steven G. E. Marsh Anthony Nolan Research Institute Royal Free Hospital Pond Street Hampstead London NW3 2QG UK Tel. : þ442072848321 Fax: þ442072848331 e-mail: marsh@ebi.ac. uk Following the decision to hold their next full meeting after the 14th International Histocompatibility Workshop in 2005, the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System has decided to publish an interim report listing updated tables of alleles including those assigned since the publication of the last full report in 2002 (1). The alleles named during the period follow the principles established in previous reports (1–17).
Robust directional features for wordspotting in degraded Syriac manuscripts

This paper presents a contribution to Word Spotting applied for digitized Syriac manuscripts. The Syriac language was wrongfully accused of being a dead language and has been set aside by the domain of handwriting recognition. Yet it is a very fascinating handwriting that combines the word structure and calligraphy of the Arabic handwriting with the particularity of being intentionally written tilted by an angle of approximately 45deg. For the spotting process, we developed a method that should find all occurrences of a certain query word image, based on a selective sliding window technique, from which we extract directional features and afterwards perform a matching using Euclidean distance correspondence between features. The proposed method does not require any prior information, and does not depend of a word to character segmentation algorithm which would be extremely complex to realize due to the tilted nature of the handwriting.
2-Chloroethyl-3-sarcosinamide-1-nitrosourea, a novel chloroethylnitrosourea analogue with enhanced antitumor activity against human glioma xenografts.

Nitrosoureas are among the most widely used agents used in the treatment of malignant gliomas. Here, the activity of 2-chloroethyl-3-sarcosinamide-1-nitrosourea (SarCNU) was compared with that of 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), in vivo against s.c. implanted SF-295 and U-251 central nervous system (CNS) tumor xenografts. When given i.v. , q4d for 3 doses, to athymic mice bearing s.c. SF-295 tumors, SarCNU, at an optimum of 167 mg/kg/dose, produced 9 tumor-free animals of 10 total animals, 1 regression, and no evidence of overt toxicity (> or =20% body weight loss). With a similar dosing schedule, BCNU produced no tumor-free animals, six regressions, and one drug-related death at its optimum of 30 mg/kg/dose. Furthermore, SarCNU retained high antitumor activity at two lower dose levels, 66 and 45% of the optimal dose, whereas BCNU demonstrated a progressive loss of antitumor activity at lower doses. Following p.o. administration, SarCNU similarly demonstrated antitumor activity that was superior to that of BCNU. In the U-251 CNS tumor model, SarCNU yielded six of six tumor-free animals at 80 mg/kg/dose with i.p. administration q.d. for 5 days, starting on day 14, whereas BCNU, at 9 mg/kg/dose, yielded three of six tumor-free mice and one drug-related death. Again, SarCNU resulted in tumor-free animals at 66 and 45% of its optimal dose and was relatively nontoxic, in contrast to BCNU. Results of testing to date indicate that SarCNU is clearly more effective than BCNU against the human CNS tumors SF-295 and U-251 in vivo. These results encourage the initiation of clinical trials for SarCNU, in an effort to improve therapeutic approaches to glioma, but clinical trials must determine whether superiority of SarCNU in preclinical models can be extrapolated to patients.
NBU1, a mobilizable site-specific integrated element from Bacteroides spp., can integrate nonspecifically in Escherichia coli

NBU1 is an integrated Bacteroides element that can he mobilized from Bacteroides donors to Bacteroides recipients. Previous studies have shown that a plasmid carrying the internal mobilization region of NBU1 could be transferred by conjugation from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron to Escherichia coli. In this report, we show that NBU1 can integrate in E. coli. Whereas integration of NBU1 in B. thetaiotaomicron is site specific, integration of NBU1 in E. coli was relatively random, and the insertion frequency of NBU1 into the E. coli chromosome was 100 to 1,000 times lower than the frequency of integration in B. thetaiotaomicron. The frequency of NBU1 integration in E. coli could be increased about 10- to 70-fold, to a value close to that seen with B. thetaiotaomicron, if the primary integration site from B. thetaiotaomicron, BT1-1, was provided on a plasmid in the E. coli recipient or the NBU1 integrase gene, intN1, was provided on a high-copy-number plasmid to increase the amount of integrase available in the recipient. When the primary integration site was available in the recipient, NBU1 integrated site specifically in E. coli. Our results show that NBUs have a very broad host range and are capable of moving from Bacteroides spp. to distantly related species such as E. coli. Moreover, sequence analysis of NBU1 integration sites provided by integration events in E. coli has helped to identify some regions of the NBU1 attachment site that may play a role in the integration process.
AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE DO NOVALURON, SOBRE Boophilus microplus (CANESTRINI) EM BOVINOS DE CORTE NATURALMENTE INFESTADOS

O carrapato bovino e o ectoparasita que causa o maior prejuizo a agropecuaria brasileira, e o seu controle e realizado basicamente atraves de produtos quimicos, os quais vem perdendo eficacia com o passar do tempo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficacia de uma formulacao transdermica, desenvolvida pelo laboratorio Clarion Biociencias Ltda. contendo o farmaco novaluron, frente ao carrapato Boophilus microplus em animais naturalmente infestados. Os animais utilizados no experimento foram mantidos a pasto com predominio de Brachiaria brizantha, agua, racao e sal mineral foram fornecidos ad libitum. A formulacao contendo novaluron foi testada em cinco posologias diferentes: 5,0; 2,5; 1,66; 1,25 e 1,0mg/kg de peso vivo, em dose unica comparativamente a um grupo placebo e controle. O peso dos animais do experimento variou de 290 a 339kg. Somente as posologias de 5,0 e 2,5mg/kg atenderam os requisitos minimos. A avaliacao dos perfis plasmaticos das posologias de 2,5 e 5,0mg/kg de novaluron, apresentaram os seguintes resultados respectivamente: pico de concentracao (Cmax) foi de 378 e 396ng/mL; o tempo para obtencao do pico de concentracao (Tmax) foi de 4 dias para ambas as posologias e a area sobre a curva de concentracao plasmatica (ASC) >100ng foi de 28 e 42 dias. Com base nos resultados de eficacia e analise do perfil plasmatico, concluiu-se que a posologia de 2,5mg/kg apresentou uma melhor relacao custo/beneficio. Posteriormente foi realizada eficacia da formulacao de novaluron 5% na posologia de 2,5mg/kg de peso vivo em dose unica comparativamente ao produto comercial fluazuron, formulacao contendo 2,5% de fluazuron na posologia de 2,5mg/kg em dose unica comparadas ao grupo controle. Os resultados para os dois produtos foram semelhantes. Concluiu-se que formulacao contendo 5% de novaluron na posologia de 2,5mg/kg possui os requisitos de seguranca, eficacia e economicos que viabilizam estudos complementares para registro e comercializacao. %%%%The bovine tick is the ectoparasite that causes the greatest prejudice to Brazilian farming and cattle raising, and its control is realized basically through chemical products, which are losing effectiveness over time. This work aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a transdermal formulation, developed by the laboratory Clarion Biociencias Ltd. It contains the medicine novaluron, against the tick Boophilus microplus in naturally infested animals. Animals used in the experiment were kept in a pasture with Brachiaria brizantha ascendancy, water; animal food and mineral salt were supplied ad libitum. The formulation containing novaluron was tested in five different dosages: 5.0; 2.5; 1.66; 1.25 and 1.0mg/kg of live weight in a single dose compared to a placebo group and control. The weight of the animals of the experiment varied from 290 to 339kg. Only the dosages of 5.0 and 2.5mg/kg attended the least requisites. The evaluation of the plasmatic profiles of the dosages of 2.50 and 5.00mg/kg of novaluron, presented the following results respectively: concentration peak…
Measuring Coupling Forces Woodcutters Exert on Saws in Real Working Conditions

Abstract Prolonged exposure to hand-arm vibration (HAV) generated by chainsaws can cause HAV syndrome, i.e., disorders in the upper extremities of forestry workers. Progress of HAV syndrome depends on the intensity of mechanical vibration transmitted throughout the body, which is directly proportional to coupling forces applied by the woodcutter to a vibrating tool. This study aimed to establish a method of measuring coupling forces exerted by chainsaw workers in real working conditions. Coupling forces exerted by workers with their right and left hands were measured with a hydro-electronic force meter. Wood hardness, the type of chainsaw and the kind of forest operation, i.e., felling, cross-cutting or limbing, were considered.