Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A deep learning enabled subspace spectral ensemble clustering approach for web anomaly detection

With the development of the Internet, it is vital for the security of the Internet to detect web-based anomalies. Clustering based on feature extraction by manually has been verified as a significant way to detect new anomalies. But the presentations of these features can't express semantic information of the URLs. In addition, few studies try to cluster the anomalies into specific types like SQL-injection. In order to solve these two problems, we provide a deep learning enabled subspace spectral ensemble clustering approach for web anomaly detection called DEP-SSEC. This approach has three steps. Firstly, an ensemble clustering model is applied to separate anomalies from normal samples. Then we use word2vec to get the semantical presentations of anomalies. Finally, another multi-clustering approach clusters anomalies into specific types. Our approach is run on a real-life dataset. The result achieves about 0.8321 NMI and 0.8691 Rn, which demonstrates that our model has the ability to cluster anomalies into appropriate types.
UE-Initiated Cell Reselection Game for Cell Load Balancing in a Wireless Network

A user changes its serving cell if the quality of experience (QoE) provided by the current serving cell is not satisfactory. Since users reselect cells to increase their QoEs selfishly, the system resource efficiency can be deteriorated and a system can be unstable if users are not driven to cooperate appropriately. In this paper, inspired by the minority game (MG) model, we design a UE-initiated cell reselection policy. The MG has a salient characteristic that the number of players who win the game converges to a prespecified value even though players act selfishly without knowing the actions taken by the other players. Using the MG model, we devise a rule by which each UE plays a cell reselection game. We also design a criterion that a system controller uses to determine the result of a game and public information sent by a system controller to induce implicit cooperation among UEs. The simulation results show that compared with noncooperative method the proposed method increases not only the system performance, such as cell load balance index and system utility, but also the performance of UEs in terms of a downlink data rate and an outage probability received from a system.
Unraveling quantum mechanical effects in water using isotopic fractionation

When two phases of water are at equilibrium, the ratio of hydrogen isotopes in each is slightly altered because of their different phase affinities. This isotopic fractionation process can be utilized to analyze water’s movement in the world’s climate. Here we show that equilibrium fractionation ratios, an entirely quantum mechanical property, also provide a sensitive probe to assess the magnitude of nuclear quantum fluctuations in water. By comparing the predictions of a series of water models, we show that those describing the OH chemical bond as rigid or harmonic greatly overpredict the magnitude of isotope fractionation. Models that account for anharmonicity in this coordinate are shown to provide much more accurate results because of their ability to give partial cancellation between inter- and intramolecular quantum effects. These results give evidence of the existence of competing quantum effects in water and allow us to identify how this cancellation varies across a wide-range of temperatures. In addition, this work demonstrates that simulation can provide accurate predictions and insights into hydrogen fractionation.
Structural Reforms in the Candidate Countries and the European Union

This volume contains the proceedings of a round-table discussion on the consequences of EU enlargement on structural economic policies in East and West. The discussion was based on a report of the Working Group on Enlargement of the EU's Economic Policy Committee (EPC). In the light of the Lisbon agenda, the report asserts that in candidate countries (CCs) the progress in structural and institutional reforms has not been consistently strong across all countries and areas. In most CCs there is scope to further improve the functioning of product markets and to accelerate the transition to a knowledge-based economy. It is crucial to maintain the reform momentum, also in case of temporary lower growth performance, to avoid any risk of jeopardising the overall target of structural reform.
An analysis of designing 2D/3D chip multiprocessor wit different cache architecture

Network-on-Chip (NoC) has become a widely accepted on-chip communication architecture which provides a promising solution to integrate a large number of components on a single chip. However, with the increasingly higher performance demands for on-chip systems, NoCs are facing several critical challenges such as wire delay and power consumption. Therefore, in this paper, we explore different cache architecture designs in 2D/3D NoC architectures. Integrated core/cache and split and wire delay. We present benchmark results using a cycle accurate full system simulator. Experiments show that, by using the proposed 3D NoC architecture, compared with the integrated core/cache design, the average network latency and average link utilization are reduced by 5.01% and 26.07% respectively.
Carvedilol Protects Early Diabetic Rat Hearts through Reducing Oxidative Stress

The risk for cardiovascular disease is significantly high in diabetes mellitus. Experimental evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Carvedilol, a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor and selective alpha1-adrenoceptor blocker, also has antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. In the present study the effect of carvedilol on the antioxidative status of cardiac tissue was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced early diabetic rats. The subjects were randomly divided into age-matched rats, STZ-induced untreated diabetic rats, small and large dosage (1mg/kg/d or 10mg/kg/d) carvedilol-administrated diabetic rats. After 5 weeks, hemodynamic parameters, echocardiography characteristics and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the cardiac tissues of all groups were measured. Diabetic rats had lower ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and higher systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and developed pressure. These parameters were improved by administration of carvedilol. Diabetic rats showed elevated MDA level and CAT activity, but lower activities of SOD and GSH-Px. Carvedilol treatment increased activities of SOD and GSH-Px in diabetic rats. These results indicate that carvedilol improves cardiac function via its antioxidant property in diabetic rats
Climate system properties determining the social cost of carbon

The choice of an appropriate scientific target to guide global mitigation efforts is complicated by uncertainties in the temperature response to greenhouse gas emissions. Much climate policy discourse has been based on the equilibrium global mean temperature increase following a concentration stabilization scenario. This is determined by the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) which, in many studies, shows persistent, fat-tailed uncertainty. However, for many purposes, the equilibrium response is less relevant than the transient response. Here, we show that one prominent policy variable, the social cost of carbon (SCC), is generally better constrained by the transient climate response (TCR) than by the ECS. Simple analytic expressions show the SCC to be directly proportional to the TCR under idealized assumptions when the rate at which we discount future damage equals 2.8%. Using ensemble simulations of a simple climate model we find that knowing the true value of the TCR can reduce the relative uncertainty in the SCC substantially more, up to a factor of 3, than knowing the ECS under typical discounting assumptions. We conclude that the TCR, which is better constrained by observations, less subject to fat-tailed uncertainty and more directly related to the SCC, is generally preferable to the ECS as a single proxy for the climate response in SCC calculations.
Stochastic Modelling and Pricing of Electricity and Related Markets' Contracts with Local Stochastic Delayed and Jumped Volatilities

In this paper we study stochastic models for electricity, gas and temperature markets' contracts with delay and jumps. The basic products in these markets are spot, futures and forward contracts, swaps and options written on these. We concentrate our study on pricing of these kind of contracts. We also study optimal control of stochastic differential delay equations (SDDEs) with jumps and its applications in energy markets and economics.
Forecasting House Prices in Germany

In the academic debate there is a broad consensus that house price fluctuations have a substantial impact on financial stability and real economic activity. Therefore, it is important to have timely information on actual and expected house price developments. The aim of this paper is to measure the latest price movements in different real estate markets in Germany and forecast near-term price developments. Therefore we construct hedonic house price indices based on real estate advertisements on the internet platform ImmobilienScout24. Then, starting with a naive AR(p) model as a benchmark, we investigate whether VAR and ARDL models using additional macroeconomic information can improve the forecasting performance as measured by the mean squared forecast error (MSFE). While these models reduce the forecast error only slightly, forecast combination approaches enhance the predictive power considerably.
Estimating mean willingness to pay from dichotomous choice contingent valuation studies

Methods for estimating mean willingness to pay for some environmental goal are reviewed. Logistic regression analysis of data from dichotomous choice contingent valuation studies often models the willingness-to-pay curve poorly. We develop solutions to this problem. We also show how to model responses as a function of several covariates, and how to model the case in which a proportion of respondents is not willing to pay anything. Analytic and bootstrap methods for quantifying precision are developed. We illustrate the methods by using an example in which biodiversity losses due to acid rain deposition in Scotland are valued.
Preoperative radiation therapy combined with radical surgical resection is associated with a lower rate of local recurrence when treating unifocal, primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma

Local recurrence (LR) is the primary cause of death in patients with retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RP‐LPS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the addition of preoperative radiation therapy (XRT) to radical resection for RP‐LPS at a single institution was associated with improved LR.
Modeling Monetary Policy Transmission in Acceding Countries: Vector Autoregression Versus Structural Vector Autoregression

Using the vector autoregressive methodology, we present estimates of monetary transmission for five new EU member countries in Central and Eastern Europe with more or less flexible exchange rates. We select sample periods to estimate over the longest possible period that can be considered as a single monetary policy regime. To identify the vector autoregression (VAR), structural restrictions and the widely used Cholesky ordering are employed. We conclude that the structural VAR yields much better results. Fewer countries suffer from a price puzzle (i.e., an increase in prices following a monetary contraction). Our results also indicate that there are substantial differences in monetary transmission across the countries in our sample.
A Note on the Use of Modified Value-at-Risk

While modified value-at-risk (or Cornish–Fisher value-atrisk) has been quite extensively used by practitioners and academics since its introduction, the authors show that it can be consistently used only over a limited interval of confidence levels. Confidence levels below 95.84% should never be used if one wishes to be consistent with investors’ preferences for kurtosis. In addition, the use of higher confidence levels is restricted by the value of the skewness. Failure to respect these restrictions on confidence levels results in misassessing risk and potentially overweighting assets that exhibit undesirable properties in terms of higher moments.
Prevention of intraoperative hypothermia during abdominal surgery

Heat balance and core and skin temperatures were studied in 111 patients during abdominal surgery. In minor surgical procedures the effects of heating of inspired humidified gases (n = 23) and of a heating mattress (n = 21) were compared with the conditions in an unwarmed control group (n = 24). These two methods were about equally effective in preserving total body heat, although the major effect of the heating mattress was to conserve heat which had been redistributed to the surface, and such heat could subsequently he lost to the environment. During major abdominal surgery 18 unwarmed control patients were compared with patients (n = 25) provided with a heat supply. The combined measures of heated humidified inspired gases, a heating mattress, insulation by a heat‐reflecting blanket, warming of all infusions and transfusions arid a warm operating room were all needed to balance the great heat losses during the major surgical procedures. With such massive heat supply it was possible to prevent heat loss and a fall in core temperature.
Digital image acquisition for ophthalmoscope

The aim of this work is to provide a Panoptic™ ophthalmoscope with digital data acquisition. In fact, most ophthalmoscopes used in daily clinical practice do not contain the data recording ability. Therefore, the main advantages of a digital ophthalmoscope are, among others, better quality data sharing, the possibility of exam's reassessment and improved medical teaching. Once the challenge was presented by clinical staff working at Coimbra University Hospital, several prototype's technical drawings were idealized in AutoCAD® 2011 environment at Blueworks, and a number of experiments in optics laboratory at Institute of Biomedical Research in Light and Image (IBILI) were accomplished as well. In the end, the prototype developed contains a camera inside and it fits into the ophthalmoscope. In order to verify its capacity to record retinal images and to detect ocular fundus pathologies, the prototype has been clinically tested and its impact in medical community has been markedly positive.
The Impact Of Social Capital On The Propensity And Properties Of Management Earnings Forecasts

This paper examines the relationship between the regional variation in social capital in the United States and the propensity and properties of the management earnings forecasts. Social capital refers to connections among individuals–social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them (Putnam 2000). Using a comprehensive sample of companies in the United States, we find that firms located in region with higher social capital are more likely to issue a management earnings forecast and are inclined to forecast more frequently. In addition, earnings forecasts made by those firms tend to be more specific. Our findings suggest that mangers of firms in the high social capital regions are more likely to be concerned about their reputation of providing transparent information regarding their businesses because of the close connections among individuals and the greater propensities to honor obligations. This study contributes to the accounting literature by identifying a non-financial factor (i.e., social capital) that affects management’s voluntary disclosure practices.
Insight into Energy Conservation via Alternative Carbon Monoxide Metabolism in Carboxydothermus pertinax Revealed by Comparative Genome Analysis

ABSTRACT Carboxydothermus species are some of the most studied thermophilic carboxydotrophs. Their varied carboxydotrophic growth properties suggest distinct strategies for energy conservation via carbon monoxide (CO) metabolism. In this study, we used comparative genome analysis of the genus Carboxydothermus to show variations in the CO dehydrogenase-energy-converting hydrogenase gene cluster, which is responsible for CO metabolism with H2 production (hydrogenogenic CO metabolism). Indeed, the ability or inability to produce H2 with CO oxidation is explained by the presence or absence of this gene cluster in Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans, Carboxydothermus islandicus, and Carboxydothermus ferrireducens. Interestingly, despite its hydrogenogenic CO metabolism, Carboxydothermus pertinax lacks the Ni-CO dehydrogenase catalytic subunit (CooS-I) and its transcriptional regulator-encoding genes in this gene cluster, probably due to inversion. Transcriptional analysis in C. pertinax showed that the Ni-CO dehydrogenase gene (cooS-II) and distantly encoded energy-converting-hydrogenase-related genes were remarkably upregulated with 100% CO. In addition, when thiosulfate was available as a terminal electron acceptor in 100% CO, the maximum cell density and maximum specific growth rate of C. pertinax were 3.1-fold and 1.5-fold higher, respectively, than when thiosulfate was absent. The amount of H2 produced was only 62% of the amount of CO consumed, less than expected according to hydrogenogenic CO oxidation (CO + H2O → CO2 + H2). Accordingly, C. pertinax would couple CO oxidation by Ni-CO dehydrogenase II with simultaneous reduction of not only H2O but also thiosulfate when grown in 100% CO. IMPORTANCE Anaerobic hydrogenogenic carboxydotrophs are thought to fill a vital niche by scavenging potentially toxic CO and producing H2 as an available energy source for thermophilic microbes. This hydrogenogenic carboxydotrophy relies on a Ni-CO dehydrogenase-energy-converting hydrogenase gene cluster. This feature is thought to be common to these organisms. However, the hydrogenogenic carboxydotroph Carboxydothermus pertinax lacks the gene for the Ni-CO dehydrogenase catalytic subunit encoded in the gene cluster. Here, we performed a comparative genome analysis of the genus Carboxydothermus, a transcriptional analysis, and a cultivation study in 100% CO to prove the hydrogenogenic CO metabolism. Results revealed that C. pertinax could couple Ni-CO dehydrogenase II alternatively to the distal energy-converting hydrogenase. Furthermore, C. pertinax represents an example of the functioning of Ni-CO dehydrogenase that does not always correspond to its genomic context, owing to the versatility of CO metabolism and the low redox potential of CO.
Negative Credentials: Fair and Effective Consideration of Criminal Records

The incarceration rate for groups including applicants who are protected against discrimination has had a significant effect on their potential for employment. The potential for adverse impact and disparate treatment claims by ex-offenders who are rejected under these policies will be discussed. We will also analyze the results of a survey of employers in Michigan regarding what information about ex-offender applicants are considered in making hiring decisions. These results have implications for other employers who should be establishing a business necessity or legitimate reason for the rejection of ex-offenders, and for courts who are reviewing those
Public Protection and the Criminal Justice Process

This book is a practical and theoretical analysis of public protection and criminal justice. This area has seen immense change in recent years and the book examines the recent legislative, policy and organisational changes and their impact on the various agencies involved, including the police service and the probation service. Public protection has now assumed a position of dominance within the criminal justice agenda. New ways of working have necessitated changes to organisational culture, which in turn has begun to blur traditional criminal justice boundaries. Agencies must now work together by law and the public protection 'family' has extended to include a range of agencies, such as housing and leisure services. This book explores the problematic concept of 'dangerousness' and its application to criminal justice. All recent policy and legislative initiatives are examined within a critical context that questions the need for populist, punitive agendas, for example the creation of MAPPA (Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Panels) and changes in relation to the National Probation Service. Recent relevant legislative references are collated in a useful appendix at the back of the book. The book is a practical and useful reference, ideal reading for students and academics working critically in the area who wish to understand how public protection has reached its present status. It is also a useful reference for probation officers, police officers and policy makers.
Price Interactions in a Sequential Global Market: Evidence from the Cross-listed Stocks

In this paper, we investigate the pattern of dynamic interactions among the prices of those stocks that are cross-listed on the three major stock markets of the world, i.e. New York, London and Tokyo. Major findings are: first, regardless of the nationality of stocks, innovations in the ‘home’ market returns are always fed into the returns in the ‘overseas’ markets, with the former causing the latter in the Granger sense. However, innovations in the New York market returns of foreign stocks are fed back into their respective home markets, contributing to the price discovery there. Second, the ‘succeeding’ overseas market, which operates immediately after the home market, plays a dual-role: it conducts the home market innovations to the next-opening overseas market, as well as adds its own innovations. Third, the exchange rate changes substantially influence the overseas market returns, but not the home market returns. The exchange rates appear to play a role in the transmission mechanism mainly via the inter-market price parity.