Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cheating and Whistle Blowing in the Classroom

This study surveyed 195 business students (74 women and 121 men) from three institutions on various aspects of honesty in academics. The study is driven by a concern for the audit implications of the increasing evidence of the link between unethical behavior in college and the workplace and students’ increasing insensitivity to ethical issues. The results of the study evaluate students’ opinions of cheating and the percentage of students who have or would whistle-blow if they observe cheating. The study also examined whether characteristics such as prior cheating behavior, gender, social desirability response bias (SDRB), the belief about doing more about cheating, and prior whistle-blowing will affect a student's intent to whistle-blow. Our data extends prior research on cheating and SDRB by testing their association with students’ self-reported tendency to whistle-blow. Our research indicates that students who have whistle-blown have a higher reported intention to whistle-blow after accounting for the effect of SDRB. Our data indicate that students’ intentions are an important factor that should be considered by instructors as well as researchers.
THE TOPOLOGY AND ANALYSIS OF THE HANNA NEUMANN CONJECTURE

The statement of the Hanna Neumann Conjecture (HNC) is purely algebraic: for a free group Γ and any nontrivial finitely generated subgroups A and B of Γ, The goal of this paper is to systematically develop machinery that would allow for generalizations of HNC and to exhibit their relations with topology and analysis. On the topological side we define immersions of complexes, leafages, systems of complexes, flowers, gardens, and atomic decompositions of graphs and surfaces. The analytic part involves working with the classical Murray–von Neumann (! ) dimension of Hilbert modules. This also gives an approach to the Strengthened Hanna Neumann Conjecture (SHNC) and to its generalizations. We present three faces of it named, respectively, the square approach, the diagonal approach, and the arrangement approach. Each of the three comes from the notion of a system, and each leads to questions beyond graphs and free groups. Partial results, sufficient conditions, and generalizations of the statement of SHNC are presented.
Beyin fırtınasında sosyal kimlik değişiminin üretkenlik üzerine etkisi

In the current study, the influence of social identity, being experimentally manipulated by having participants think either positively or negatively about their social identity (being a university student), on productivity is investigated for nominal and interactive dyads in a brainwriting paradigm (where they exchanged their ideas in a written format). The identities were shifted from either positive to negative identity or negative to positive one in the two brainstorming sessions. The results show that those being shifted first from negative to positive identity condition generated more ideas than their counterparts. High identifiers with their in-group also generated more ideas than low identifiers. These results are discussed in the light of social identity theories and the brainstorming literature.
Comparing Three IS Codes of Ethics - ACM, ACS and BCS

Professional Codes of Ethics serve to embody the commitments made by members of that profession. Such Codes are designed to guide ethical decision-making, yet they provide little assistance in the identification and resolution of ethical dilemmas. In the IS global arena, Codes of Ethics tend to be national in scope, thereby increasing the complexity of international decision-making for IS practitioners . Three major IS Codes of Ethics, each with different but overlapping in jurisdiction, are considered and compared in this paper. The Association for Computing Machinery, the Australian Computer Society, and the British Computer Society Codes of Ethics have much in common, but some significant areas of difference. To expedite this comparison process, a tool has been devised by mapping a grammatical model of ethical analysis onto a rich picture soft systems inspired IS model. The findings have implications for global IS ethics.
Radiographic anatomy of the soft tissue attachments of the equine stifle.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Radiography is a very important aspect of equine stifle imaging. The precise radiographic anatomy of the soft tissue structures of the equine stifle has not been described previously. OBJECTIVE To describe the anatomical relationship between sites of attachment of soft tissue structures of the equine stifle and their locations on standard radiographic views. METHODS The sites of bony attachments of the tendons, ligaments and fibrous portion of the joint capsules of equine stifles were determined by gross dissection. These sites of attachment were transposed onto one set of bones deprived of soft tissue and mapped using radiopaque markers. This specimen was then radiographed in the standard radiographic projections (lateromedial, caudocranial and caudal 60 degrees lateral-craniomedial oblique) to determine the position of the attachment sites on the radiographs. RESULTS Two radiographic maps were drawn per radiographic projection, one for the attachment sites of the ligaments and tendons and one for the attachment sites of the joint capsules. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE The radiographic maps of the precise position of the soft tissue attachments of the tendons, ligaments and joint capsules of the equine stifle should assist interpretation of equine stifle radiographs.
An Enhanced Group Mobility Protocol for 6LoWPAN-Based Wireless Body Area Networks

The IPv6 over low power wireless personal area network (6LoWPAN) has attracted lots of attention recently because it can be used for the communications of Internet of things. In this paper, the concept of group-based network roaming in proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) domain is considered in the 6LoWPAN-based wireless body area networks. PMIPv6 is a standard to manage the network-based mobility in all-IP wireless network. However, it does not perform well in group-based body area networks. To further reduce the handoff delay and signaling cost, an enhanced group mobility scheme is proposed in this paper to reduce the number of control messages, including router solicitation and router advertisement messages as opposed to the group-based PMIPv6 protocol. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed handoff scheme can reduce the handoff delay and signaling cost. The packet loss ratio and the overhead can also be reduced.
Low-dose cisplatin protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from paclitaxel-induced apoptosis

Combined anticancer therapy using platinum compounds and antitubulins has increased the risk of neurotoxicity. However, the combination of low-dose cisplatin (CDDP) with toxic doses of paclitaxel significantly reduces cellular death in a human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. To analyze the mechanisms of this protection, we evaluated various signaling molecules possibly involved in apoptosis and some relevant cell cycle regulatory proteins. CDDP does not interfere with the tubulin-stabilizing action of paclitaxel. The evaluation of molecular pathways involved in apoptosis indicates that the Bcl-2 but not the caspases may be involved in the CDDP protection of paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. The increase in p53 protein and its nuclear accumulation suggests a possible involvement of p53 in CDDP protection. The use of the chemical inhibitor of p53, pifithrin α, excluded this possibility. The study of cyclins and the flow cytometric analysis (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) suggest that CDDP exerts a protective action by blocking cells early in the cell cycle. The determination of the mitotic index indicates that CDDP prevents cells from reaching the mitosis. We concluded that low doses of CDDP are protective against toxic doses of paclitaxel and that the possible mechanism of this protection is that the CDDP prevents human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from achieving mitosis.
Unemployment and mental health scarring during the life course.

BACKGROUND There has been little research on the long-term relationship between unemployment experiences and mental health over the life course. This article investigates the relationship between youth unemployment as well as that of unemployment experiences during later periods and mental health at ages 16, 21, 30 and 42 years. METHODS The study makes use of the 'Northern Swedish Cohort' (NSC), a 27-year prospective cohort study. The cohort, investigated at ages 16, 18, 21, 30 and 42 years, consisted of all graduates from compulsory school in an industrial town in Sweden. Of the original 1083 participants, 94.3% of those still alive were still participating at the 27-year follow up. Mental health, measured through a three-item index of nervous symptoms, depressive symptoms and sleeping problems, was analysed using a repeated measures linear mixed models approach using ages 16, 21, 30 and 43 years. Unemployment exposure was measured as exposure to at least a 6-month spell during three periods; 18-21, 21-30 and 30-42 years. RESULTS Youth unemployment was shown to be significantly connected with poorer mental health at all three target ages, 21, 30 and 42 years. Later singular unemployment experiences did not appear to have the same long-term negative effects. There was however an accumulation in poorer mental health among respondents with unemployment experiences during two, and even more so three, of the periods. CONCLUSION There are long-term mental health scarring effects of exposure to youth unemployment and multiple exposure to unemployment during the life course.
Teachers' adaptations during planning and instruction, their vision for teaching, and their students' understanding of reading comprehension

Thoughtfully adaptive teaching has long been thought to be an important component of teacher effectiveness, as well as being a logical and intuitively appealing idea (Anders et al., 2000; Hoffman & Pearson, 2000; Gambrell, Malloy, & Mazzoni, 2007; Snow et al., 2005; Williams & Baumann, 2008). Despite the many appealing qualities suggested by theorists of thoughtfully adaptive teaching, no empirical data existed to substantiate those claims. To extend earlier TAT research (Duffy et al., 2008; Parsons et al., 2010), my study investigated two teachers in three areas: (a) teachers' on-the-fly adaptations vs. adaptations made during planning, (b) whether adaptations are influenced by visioning, and (c) whether thoughtfully adaptive teaching is associated with student understanding of reading comprehension. Findings showed that, teachers made a three-fold increase in on-the-fly adaptations compared to previous studies, most likely due to their teaching experience and the ways their instruction was less imposed by district mandates. Compared to on-the-fly adaptations, teachers adapted five times less during planning, most likely due to the lack of ambiguity present during planning time. Over half of their adaptations were designed to promote reading comprehension; despite the 50% increase of student responses from pre-to-post-interviews, no relationship could be linked to the teachers' adaptations. Minimal evidence was found linking their adaptations to their visions. Future studies are needed to investigate the link between teachers' adaptations and student outcomes relative to the lesson's objectives and standardized tests.
Characterization of para-Nitrophenol-Degrading Bacterial Communities in River Water by Using Functional Markers and Stable Isotope Probing

ABSTRACT Microbial degradation is a major determinant of the fate of pollutants in the environment. para-Nitrophenol (PNP) is an EPA-listed priority pollutant with a wide environmental distribution, but little is known about the microorganisms that degrade it in the environment. We studied the diversity of active PNP-degrading bacterial populations in river water using a novel functional marker approach coupled with [13C6]PNP stable isotope probing (SIP). Culturing together with culture-independent terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons identified Pseudomonas syringae to be the major driver of PNP degradation in river water microcosms. This was confirmed by SIP-pyrosequencing of amplified 16S rRNA. Similarly, functional gene analysis showed that degradation followed the Gram-negative bacterial pathway and involved pnpA from Pseudomonas spp. However, analysis of maleylacetate reductase (encoded by mar), an enzyme common to late stages of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial PNP degradation pathways, identified a diverse assemblage of bacteria associated with PNP degradation, suggesting that mar has limited use as a specific marker of PNP biodegradation. Both the pnpA and mar genes were detected in a PNP-degrading isolate, P. syringae AKHD2, which was isolated from river water. Our results suggest that PNP-degrading cultures of Pseudomonas spp. are representative of environmental PNP-degrading populations.
Librarianship and the information paradigm

Today, two seemingly incompatible perspectives are contending for the soul of librarianship. Libraries were originally built around the activities of collecting, organizing, preserving and circulating texts, in addition to providing a variety of auxiliary services to library users. In the last three decades, however, an alternate interpretation of the role of libraries has emerged, which consists of the process of informing users with the aid of powerful new electronic technology. Will libraries continue to serve the public's broad educational, cultural, and recreational needs or will future librarians consider such needs peripheral ? Will the distinction between librarianship and 'information management' disappear? The authors utilize a series of interrelated Canadian studies of professional work, library and information literature, labor market conditions, and professional education to present an indication of specific trends in the field. In this way, the work will help librarians negotiate the possible transitions in librarianship without jeopardizing the integrity of a professional identity.
Blame Avoidance in Public Reporting

Public managers operate in an environment characterized by a negativity bias fostering blame avoidance. In public reporting, blame avoidance can take the shape of omission, discretion, and arguments for limiting blame. Unique data on reporting from Quebec's Municipal Management Indicators regime are used to study the occurrence of a reporting strategy of blame avoidance whereby public managers provide justifications with their indicators so as to report their performance in a favorable light. The study tests two hypotheses that the use of justifications in reporting is more frequent with lower-performing public agencies. Municipalities with lower performance (internally benchmarked) tend to provide stakeholders with justifications in their reporting on indicators significantly more often than do other municipalities. Blame avoidance behaviors on the part of public managers are witnessed even in a regime with few incentives, no consequences linked to performance, and limited transparency to citizens.
Spectral Methods for Immunization of Large Networks

Given a network of nodes, minimizing the spread of a contagion using a limited budget is a well-studied problem with applications in network security, viral marketing, social networks, and public health. In real graphs, virus may infect a node which in turn infects its neighbor nodes and this may trigger an epidemic in the whole graph. The goal thus is to select the best k nodes (budget constraint) that are immunized (vaccinated, screened, filtered) so as the remaining graph is less prone to the epidemic. It is known that the problem is, in all practical models, computationally intractable even for moderate sized graphs. In this paper we employ ideas from spectral graph theory to define relevance and importance of nodes. Using novel graph theoretic techniques, we then design an efficient approximation algorithm to immunize the graph. Theoretical guarantees on the running time of our algorithm show that it is more efficient than any other known solution in the literature. We test the performance of our algorithm on several real world graphs. Experiments show that our algorithm scales well for large graphs and outperforms state of the art algorithms both in quality (containment of epidemic) and efficiency (runtime and space complexity).
Family-based association analysis of alcohol dependence criteria and severity.

BACKGROUND Despite the high heritability of alcohol dependence (AD), the genes found to be associated with it account for only a small proportion of its total variability. The goal of this study was to identify and analyze phenotypes based on homogeneous classes of individuals to increase the power to detect genetic risk factors contributing to the risk of AD. METHODS The 7 individual DSM-IV criteria for AD were analyzed using latent class analysis (LCA) to identify classes defined by the pattern of endorsement of the criteria. A genome-wide association study was performed in 118 extended European American families (n = 2,322 individuals) densely affected with AD to identify genes associated with AD, with each of the 7 DSM-IV criteria, and with the probability of belonging to 2 of 3 latent classes. RESULTS Heritability for DSM-IV AD was 61% and ranged from 17 to 60% for the other phenotypes. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the olfactory receptor OR51L1 was significantly associated (7.3 × 10(-8) ) with the DSM-IV criterion of persistent desire to, or inability to, cut down on drinking. LCA revealed a 3-class model: the "low-risk" class (50%) rarely endorsed any criteria and none met criteria for AD; the "moderate-risk" class (33%) endorsed primarily 4 DSM-IV criteria and 48% met criteria for AD; and the "high-risk" class (17%) manifested high endorsement probabilities for most criteria and nearly all (99%) met criteria for AD. One SNP in a sodium leak channel NALCN demonstrated genome-wide significance with the high-risk class (p = 4.1 × 10(-8) ). Analyses in an independent sample did not replicate these associations. CONCLUSIONS We explored the genetic contribution to several phenotypes derived from the DSM-IV AD criteria. The strongest evidence of association was with SNPs in NALCN and OR51L1.
Efficient Multiparty Computation for Comparator Networks

We propose a multiparty protocol for various computations using comparator networks such as sorting and searching. By repeating the execution of a comparator, the proposed protocol can efficiently detect outlier values, without revealing them. In our scenario, all input values to a comparator network and the intermediate output from each comparator are kept secret assuming the presence of an honest majority. Possible application areas for the proposed protocol include statistical analysis while preserving the privacy of respondents
Semantics and Pragmatics of Spatial Reference

Author(s): Golland, David Simon | Advisor(s): Klein, Dan | Abstract: In order for a robot to collaborate with a human to achieve a goal, the robot should be able to communicate by interpreting and generating natural language utterances. Past work has represented the meaning of natural language in terms of a given database of facts or a simple simulated environment, which simplifies the interpretation or generation process. However, the real world contains a richness and complexity missing from simple virtual environments. Databases present a distilled set of logical relations, whereas the relations in the physical world are more vague and challenging to discern.In this thesis, we relax these restrictions by presenting models that interpret and generate utterances in a physical environment. We present a compositional model for interpreting utterances that uses a learned model of lexical semantics to ground linguistic terms into the physical world. We also present a model for generating utterances that are both informative and unambiguous. To address the challenges of communicating about a physical world, our system perceives the environment with computer vision in order to recognize objects and determine relations. We focus on the domain of spatial relations and present a novel probabilistic model that is capable of discerning the spatial relations that are present in a physical scene. We establish the functionality of our system by deploying it on a robotic platform that interacts with a human to manipulate objects in a physical environment.
Multi-profile based code compression

Code compression has been shown to be an effective technique to reduce code size in memory constrained embedded systems. It has also been used as a way to increase cache hit ratio, thus reducing power consumption and improving performance. This paper proposes an approach to mix static/dynamic instruction profiling in dictionary construction, so as to best exploit trade-offs in compression ratio/performance. Compressed instructions are stored as variable-size indices into fixed-size codewords, eliminating compressed code misalignments. Experimental results, using the Leon (SPARCv8) processor and a program mix from MiBench and Mediabench, show that our approach halves the number of cache accesses and power consumption while produces compression ratios as low as 56%.
Integrated Dual Full-Bridge Converter With Current-Doubler Rectifier for EV Charger

A novel converter topology for high-power battery charger applications is proposed in this paper. The topology adopts the integration structure of two full-bridge converters, which shares one leg of switching device called center-leg. The two full-bridge converters are placed in parallel on the primary side, and are driven in a phase-shift manner. The integrated form of two current-doubler rectifier is adopted on the secondary side, and it has full-bridge structure. With this structure, the proposed converter can overcome drawbacks of the conventional phase-shift full-bridge converter; narrow zero-voltage-switching range, large duty-cycle loss, and high component counts. The validation of the proposed converter is confirmed by the experiment with a prototype battery charger of 5.7 kW and 13.5 A.
Effects of Training With a Robot-Virtual Reality System Compared With a Robot Alone on the Gait of Individuals After Stroke

Background and Purpose— Training of the lower extremity (LE) using a robot coupled with virtual environments has shown to transfer to improved overground locomotion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the transfer of training of LE movements to locomotion was greater using a virtual environment coupled with a robot or with the robot alone. Methods— A single, blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted. Eighteen individuals poststroke participated in a 4-week training protocol. One group trained with the robot virtual reality (VR) system and the other group trained with the robot alone. Outcome measures were temporal features of gait measured in a laboratory setting and the community. Results— Greater changes in velocity and distance walked were demonstrated for the group trained with the robotic device coupled with the VR than training with the robot alone. Similarly, significantly greater improvements in the distance walked and number of steps taken in the community were measured for the group that trained with robot coupled with the VR. These differences were maintained at 3 months’ follow-up. Conclusions— The study is the first to demonstrate that LE training of individuals with chronic hemiparesis using a robotic device coupled with VR improved walking ability in the laboratory and the community better than robot training alone.