Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinguishable Entities: Definitions and Properties

Many studies in natural language processing are concerned with how to generate definite descriptions that evoke a discourse entity already introduced in the context. A solution to this problem has been initially proposed by Dale (1989) in terms of distinguishing descriptions and distinguishable entities. In this paper, we give a formal definition of the terms "distinguishable entity" in non trivial cases and we show that its properties lead us to the definition of a distance between entities. Then, we give a polynomial algorithm to compute distinguishing descriptions.
The Differential Expression of Immune Genes between Water Buffalo and Yellow Cattle Determines Species-Specific Susceptibility to Schistosoma japonicum Infection

Water buffalo are less susceptible to Schistosoma japonicum infection than yellow cattle. The factors that affect such differences in susceptibility remain unknown. A Bos taurus genome-wide gene chip was used to analyze gene expression profiles in the peripheral blood of water buffalo and yellow cattle pre- and post-infection with S. japonicum. This study showed that most of the identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between water buffalo and yellow cattle pre- and post-infection were involved in immune-related processes, and the expression level of immune genes was lower in water buffalo. The unique DEGs (390) in yellow cattle were mainly associated with inflammation pathways, while the unique DEGs (2,114) in water buffalo were mainly associated with immune-related factors. The 83 common DEGs may be the essential response genes during S. japonicum infection, the highest two gene ontology (GO) functions were associated with the regulation of fibrinolysis. The pathway enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs constituted similar immune-related pathways pre- and post-infection between the two hosts. This first analysis of the transcriptional profiles of natural hosts has enabled us to gain new insights into the mechanisms that govern their susceptibility or resistance to S. japonicum infections.
Online robot identification by differentiating abnormal behaviors of WeChat users

The identification of online robot is important for managing the internet order, such as forbidding spam, fictitious information, and inductive words published by online robot to mislead the public. We studied the behaviors of the WeChat users to identify online robot, including turning pages, scanning the web, and forwarding posts. In fact, the amount and time interval of information forwarding were applied to differentiate the abnormal behaviors of WeChat users. Furthermore, we employed information entropy to measure the amount and time interval of information forwarding of WeChat users. The results indicate that the amount of online robot is much less than normal users. What's more, online robots' behavior is abnormal apparently and this identification method is effective.
Molecular Cloning, Structural Analysis and Tissue Expression of Protein Phosphatase 3 Catalytic Subunit Alpha Isoform (PPP3CA) Gene in Tianfu Goat Muscle

Calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, plays a critical role in controlling skeletal muscle fiber type. However, little information is available concerning the expression of calcineurin in goat. Therefore, protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PPP3CA) gene, also called calcineurin Aα, was cloned and its expression characterized in Tianfu goat muscle. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses revealed that Tianfu goat PPP3CA was detected in cardiac muscle, biceps femoris muscle, abdominal muscle, longissimus dors muscle, and soleus muscle. High expression levels were found in biceps femoris muscle, longissimus muscle and abdominal muscle (p < 0.01), and low expression levels were seen in cardiac muscle and soleus muscle (p > 0.05). In addition, the spatial-temporal mRNA expression levels showed different variation trends in different muscles with the age of the goats. Western blotting further revealed that PPP3CA protein was expressed in the above-mentioned tissues, with the highest level in biceps femoris muscle, and the lowest level in soleus muscle. In this study, we isolated the full-length coding sequence of Tianfu goat PPP3CA gene, analyzed its structure, and investigated its expression in different muscle tissues from different age stages. These results provide a foundation for understanding the function of the PPP3CA gene in goats.
LIPID: Local Image Permutation Interval Descriptor

Image representation through local descriptors is the basis of numerous computer vision applications. In the past decade, many local image descriptors such as SIFT and SURF have been proposed, yet algorithms requiring low memory and computation complexity are still preferred. Binary descriptors such as BRIEF have been suggested to satisfy this demand, showing a comparable performance but much faster computation speed. In this paper, we propose a novel local image descriptor, LIPID, which employs intensity permutation and interval division to yield an effective performance in terms of speed and recognition. Our method is inspired by LUCID, proposed by Ziegler and Christiansen [8]. An extensive evaluation on the well-known benchmark datasets reveals the robustness and effectiveness of LIPID as well as its capability to handle illumination changes and texture images.
THE COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF WEB-BASED AND CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION:

Meta-analytictechniqueswereusedtoexaminetheeffectivenessofWebbased instruction (WBI) relative to classroom instruction (CI) and to examine moderators of the comparative effectiveness of the 2 delivery media.TheoverallresultsindicatedWBIwas6%moreeffectivethanCI for teaching declarative knowledge, the 2 delivery media were equally effective for teaching procedural knowledge, and trainees were equally satisfied with WBI and CI. However, WBI and CI were equally effective for teaching declarative knowledge when the same instructional methods were used to deliver both WBI and CI, suggesting media effects are spurious and supporting Clark’s (1983, 1994) theory. Finally, WBI was 19% more effective than CI for teaching declarative knowledge when Web-based trainees were provided with control, in long courses, and when trainees practiced the training material and received feedback during training. Study limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Structure-Based Peptide Design to Modulate Amyloid Beta Aggregation and Reduce Cytotoxicity

The deposition of Aβ peptide in the brain is the key event in Alzheimer disease progression. Therefore, the prevention of Aβ self assembly into disease-associated oligomers is a logical strategy for treatment. π stacking is known to provide structural stability to many amyloids; two phenylalanine residues within the Aβ 14–23 self recognition element are in such an arrangement in many solved structures. Therefore, we targeted this structural stacking by substituting these two phenylalanine residues with their D-enantiomers. The resulting peptides were able to modulate Aβ aggregation in vitro and reduce Aβ cytotoxicity in primary neuronal cultures. Using kinetic analysis of fibril formation, electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering characterization of oligomer size distributions, we demonstrate that, in addition to altering fibril structural characteristics, these peptides can induce the formation of larger amorphous aggregates which are protective against toxic oligomers, possibly because they are able to sequester the toxic oligomers during co-incubation. Alternatively, they may alter the surface structure of the oligomers such that they can no longer interact with cells to induce toxic pathways.
A Multilevel Asymmetric Scheme for Digital Fingerprinting

The present paper proposes an asymmetric watermarking scheme suitable for fingerprinting and precision-critical applications. The method is based on linear algebra and is proved to be secure under projection attack. The problem of anonymous fingerprinting is also addressed, by allowing a client to get a watermarked image from a server without revealing her own identity. In particular, we consider the specific scenario where the client is a structured organization being trusted as a whole but involving possibly untrusted members. In such a context, where the watermarked copy can be made available to all members, but only authorized subgroups should be able to remove the watermark and recover a distortion-free image, a multilevel access to the embedding key is provided by applying Birkhoff polynomial interpolation. Extensive simulations demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method against standard image degradation operators.
Influence of transmembrane domains on the fusogenic abilities of human and murine leukemia retrovirus envelopes

The envelopes of two highly divergent oncoviruses, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV), have distinct patterns of cellular receptor recognition, fusion, and syncytium formation. To analyze the influence of the transmembrane envelope subunit (TM) on fusogenic properties, we substituted either the entire TM or distinct domains from F-MuLV for the corresponding domains in the HTLV-1 envelope. Parental, chimeric, and truncated envelopes cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector were monitored for fusogenic potential in human, rat, and murine indicator cell lines by using a quantitative assay. This highly sensitive assay allowed us to assess the fusogenic properties and syncytium-forming abilities of the HTLV-1 envelope in murine NIH 3T3 cells. All chimeric envelopes containing extracellular sequences of the F-MuLV TM were blocked in their maturation process. Although deletions of the HTLV-1 cytoplasmic domain, alone and in combination with the membrane-spanning domain, did not prevent envelope cell surface expression, they impaired and suppressed fusogenic properties, respectively. In contrast, envelopes carrying substitutions of membrane-spanning and cytoplasmic domains were highly fusogenic. Our results indicate that these two domains in F-MuLV and HTLV-1 constitute structural entities with similar fusogenic properties. However, in the absence of a cytoplasmic domain, the F-MuLV membrane-spanning domain appeared to confer weaker fusogenic properties than the HTLV-1 membrane-spanning domain.
Cell-Based Immunotherapy With Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cures Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw–like Disease in Mice

Patients on high‐dose bisphosphonate and immunosuppressive therapy have an increased risk of bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ); despite the disease severity, its pathophysiology remains unknown, and appropriate therapy is not established. Here we have developed a mouse model of BRONJ‐like disease that recapitulates major clinical and radiographic manifestations of the human disease, including characteristic features of an open alveolar socket, exposed necrotic bone or sequestra, increased inflammatory infiltrates, osseous sclerosis, and radiopaque alveolar bone. We show that administration of zoledronate, a potent aminobisphosphonate, and dexamethasone, an immunosuppressant drug, causes BRONJ‐like disease in mice in part by suppressing the adaptive regulatory T cells, Tregs, and activating the inflammatory T‐helper‐producing interleukin 17 cells, Th17. Most interestingly, we demonstrate that systemic infusion with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prevents and cures BRONJ‐like disease possibly via induction of peripheral tolerance, shown as an inhibition of Th17 and increase in Treg cells. The suppressed Tregs/Th17 ratio in zoledronate‐ and dexamethasone‐treated mice is restored in mice undergoing salvage therapy with Tregs. These findings provide evidence of an immunity‐based mechanism of BRONJ‐like disease and support the rationale for in vivo immunomodulatory therapy using Tregs or MSCs to treat BRONJ. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Predictors of hospitalization and institutionalization in Medicaid patient populations with Alzheimer's Disease

Objectives: Determine predictors of hospitalization and institutionalization in Medicaid populations with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Methods: Data were obtained from the Centers for Medicareand Medicaid Services (CMS). Individuals enrolled in Florida,New Jersey, and New York Medicaid programs on January 1, 2004, remained in that program for 1 year and exposed to an AD medication were included. AD diagnosis was based on the ICD-9-CM code 331.0. Outcomes of interest were hospitalization and institutionalization. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test for the association between outcomes of interest and demographics, resource utilization factors, and type of AD pharmacotherapy exposure. Results: A total of 65,442 individuals qualified for the study. Age was positively and significantly associated with hospitalization (p likely to be hospitalized than Florida residents (OR = 1.30; 99% CI: 1.17 - 1.44), where as New Jersey residents were significantly less likely to be hospitalized (OR = 0.75; 99% CI: 0.66 - 0.85). Finally, compared toFloridaresidents, residents of New Jerseywere significantly more likely to be institutionalized (OR = 4.61; 99% CI: 3.98 - 5.33). Conclusion: Demographics, state of residence and pharmacotherapy exposure weresignificant predictors of health care service utilization. Further pharmacoeconomic studies in AD medication therapy are warranted.
Antigenic and functional organization of human parainfluenza virus type 3 fusion glycoprotein

Twenty-six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (14 neutralizing and 12 nonneutralizing) were used to examine the antigenic structure, biological properties, and natural variation of the fusion (F) glycoprotein of human type 3 parainfluenza virus (PIV3). Analysis of laboratory-selected antigenic variants and of PIV3 clinical isolates indicated that the panel of MAbs recognizes at least 20 epitopes, 14 of which participate in neutralization. Competitive binding assays indicated that the 14 neutralization epitopes are organized into three nonoverlapping antigenic sites (A, B, and C) and one bridge site (AB) and that the 6 nonneutralization epitopes form four sites (D, E, F, and G). Most of the neutralizing MAbs were involved in nonreciprocal competitive binding reactions, suggesting that they induce conformational changes in other neutralization epitopes. Fusion-inhibition and complemented-enhanced neutralization assays indicated that antigenic sites AB, B, and C may correspond to functional domains of the F molecule. Our results indicated that antibody binding alone is not sufficient for virus neutralization and that many anti-F MAbs neutralize by mechanisms not involving fusion-inhibition. The degree of antigenic variation in the F epitopes of clinical strains was examined by binding and neutralization tests. It appears that PIV3 frequently develops mutations that produce F epitopes which efficiently bind antibodies, but are completely resistant to neutralization by these antibodies.
The design space of frame knowledge representation systems

In the past years AI researchers in knowledge representation KR have implemented over frame knowledge representation systems FRSs KR researchers have explored a large space of alternative FRS designs This paper surveys the FRS design space in search of design principles for FRSs The FRS design space is de ned by the set of alternative features and capabilities such as the representational constructs that an FRS designer might choose to include in a particular FRS as well as the alternative implementations that might exist for a particular feature The paper surveys the architectural variations explored by di erent system designers for the frame the slot the knowledge base for access oriented programming and for object oriented programming We nd that few design principles exist to guide an FRS designer as to how particular design decisions will a ect qualities of the resulting FRS such as its worst case and average case theoretical complexity its actual performance on real world problems the expressiveness and succinctness of the representation language the runtime exibility of the FRS the modularity of the FRS and the e ort required to implement the FRS
Characterizing SEAndroid Policies in the Wild

Starting from the 5.0 Lollipop release all Android processes must be run inside confined SEAndroid access control domains. As a result, Android device manufacturers were compelled to develop SEAndroid expertise in order to create policies for their device-specific components. In this paper we analyse SEAndroid policies from a number of 5.0 Lollipop devices on the market, and identify patterns of common problems we found. We also suggest some practical tools that can improve policy design and analysis. We implemented the first of such tools, SEAL.
An efficient routing database

Routing is an important problem in the process of design creation. In this paper, we focus on the problem of designing a database for the non-partitioned routing problem. New technology libraries describe constraints that are hard to manage in grid-based approaches to the routing database. While general region query based data-structures have been proposed, they typically suffer from speed problems when applied to large blocks. We introduce an interval-based approach. It provides more flexibility than grid-based techniques. It exploits the notion of preferred direction for metal layers to manage the memory efficiently. It supports efficient region queries. We finally present a comparison study for real industrial designs on this database.
The combination of similarity measures for extractive summarization

The key task in extractive summarization is to determine the importance of the sentence in the input. Several recent studies have focused on comparing the similarity between sentences to assess the significance of them efficiently. Each comparison method has its strengths and weaknesses. In this paper, we propose the combination of similarity measures for sentence comparison. Experiments conducted on both English and Vietnamese datasets demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed approach. Our model outperforms the recent works in English with the significant improvement (9.4 ROUGE-2 F1-score) and achieves the competitive result in Vietnamese.
Superior Colliculus Inactivation Causes Stable Offsets in Eye Position during Tracking

The primate superior colliculus (SC) is often viewed as composed of two distinct motor zones with complementary functions: a peripheral region that helps generate saccades to eccentric targets and a central one that maintains fixation by suppressing saccades. Here, we directly tested the alternative interpretation that topography in the SC is not strictly motor, nor does it form two distinct zones, but instead forms a single map of behaviorally relevant goal locations. Primates tracked the invisible midpoint between two moving stimuli, such that the stimuli guiding tracking were peripheral whereas the inferred movement goal was foveal and parafoveal. Temporary inactivation of neurons in the central portion of the topographic map of the SC, representing the invisible goal, caused stable offsets in eye position during tracking that were directed away from the retinotopic position encoded by the inactivated SC site. Critically, these offsets were not accompanied by a systematic inability to generate or suppress saccades, and they were not fully explained by motor deficits in saccades, smooth pursuit, or fixation. In addition, the magnitude of the offset depended on the eccentricity of the inactivated site as well as the degree of spatial uncertainty associated with the behavioral goal. These results indicate that gaze control depends on the balance of activity across a map of goal locations in the SC, and that by silencing some of the neurons in the normally active population representing the behavioral goal, focal inactivation causes a biased estimate of where to look.
Performance of equivalent frequency-dependent damping

An analog input shaper (AIS) was proposed as a means for increasing the virtual impedance range that could be stably displayed by haptic interfaces. The AIS reduces high frequency inputs to haptic interfaces, since high frequency inputs that usually occur during collisions with very stiff virtual objects can induce instabilities. The AIS is composed of an analog high-pass filter, two half-wave rectifiers, and an adder. In this paper, we show analytically that how the AIS works as equivalent frequency-dependent damping. In addition, we present both the numerical simulation results and the virtual wall experiment results using a custom-built 1-DOF haptic interface and show that the AIS can significantly increase the Z-Width.
The physical postures of yoga practices may protect against depressive symptoms, even as life stressors increase: a moderation analysis

Abstract Yoga contains sub-components related to its physical postures (asana), breathing methods (pranayama), and meditation (dhyana). To test the hypothesis that specific yoga practices are associated with reduced psychological distress, 186 adults completed questionnaires assessing life stressors, symptom severity, and experience with each of these aspects of yoga. Each yoga sub-component was found to be negatively correlated with psychological distress indices. However, differing patterns of relationship to psychological distress symptoms were found for each yoga sub-component. Experience with asana was negatively correlated with global psychological distress (r = −.21, p < .01), and symptoms of anxiety (r = −.18, p = .01) and depression (r = −.17, p = .02). These relationships remained statistically significant after accounting for variance attributable to Social Readjustment Rating Scale scores (GSI: r = −.19, p = .01; BSI Anxiety: r = −.16, p = .04; BSI Depression: r = −.14, p = .05). By contrast, the correlations between other yoga sub-components and symptom subscales became non-significant after accounting for exposure to life stressors. Moreover, stressful life events moderated the predictive relationship between amount of asana experience and depressive symptoms. Asana was not related to depressive symptoms at low levels of life stressors, but became associated at mean (t[182] = −2.73, p < .01) and high levels (t[182] = −3.56, p < .001). Findings suggest asana may possess depressive symptom reduction benefits, particularly as life stressors increase. Additional research is needed to differentiate whether asana has an effect on psychological distress, and to better understand potential psychophysiological mechanisms of action.
Soli

This paper presents Soli, a new, robust, high-resolution, low-power, miniature gesture sensing technology for human-computer interaction based on millimeter-wave radar. We describe a new approach to developing a radar-based sensor optimized for human-computer interaction, building the sensor architecture from the ground up with the inclusion of radar design principles, high temporal resolution gesture tracking, a hardware abstraction layer (HAL), a solid-state radar chip and system architecture, interaction models and gesture vocabularies, and gesture recognition. We demonstrate that Soli can be used for robust gesture recognition and can track gestures with sub-millimeter accuracy, running at over 10,000 frames per second on embedded hardware.