Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elevation Beamforming With Full Dimension MIMO Architectures in 5G Systems: A Tutorial

Full dimension (FD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology has attracted substantial research attention from both wireless industry and academia in the last few years as a promising technique for next-generation wireless communication networks. FD-MIMO scenarios utilize a planar 2-D active antenna system (AAS) that not only allows a large number of antenna elements to be placed within feasible base station (BS) form factors, but also provides the ability of adaptive electronic beam control over both the elevation and the traditional azimuth dimensions. This paper presents a tutorial on elevation beamforming analysis for cellular networks utilizing FD massive MIMO antenna arrays. In contrast to existing works that focus on the standardization of FD-MIMO in the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP), this tutorial is distinguished by its depth with respect to the theoretical aspects of antenna array and 3-D channel modeling. In an attempt to bridge the gap between industry and academia, this preliminary tutorial introduces the relevant array and transceiver architecture designs proposed in the 3GPP Release 13 that enable elevation beamforming. Then it presents and compares two different 3-D channel modeling approaches that can be utilized for the performance analysis of elevation beamforming techniques. The spatial correlation in FD-MIMO arrays is characterized and compared based on both channel modeling approaches and some insights into the impact of different channel and array parameters on the correlation are drawn. All these aspects are put together to provide a mathematical framework for the design of elevation beamforming schemes in single-cell and multi-cell scenarios. Simulation examples associated with comparisons and discussions are also presented. To this end, this paper highlights the state-of-the-art research and points out future research directions.
Edge computing resource procurement: An online optimization approach

Edge computing (EC) has emerged as a key technology in future communication networks to enhance user experience and enable various Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In this paper, we propose an online framework for edge computing resource procurement in which a marketplace (platform) is established between sellers (i.e., resource contributors) and buyers (i.e., resource purchasers). Each buyer has a certain budget for his procurement campaign. The sellers arrive to the platform in an online fashion and offer their computing capacities along with prices that they want to be compensated for their services. Upon the arrival of every new offer, the platform has to make an irrevocable decision, without knowing future information, to accept the offer or not and to allocate the accepted resource to which buyer. We present an efficient online optimization method that helps the platform maximize the total system utility with guaranteed performance. Indeed, the developed model can be applied to other interesting settings such as edge caching and content delivery with slight modifications. Finally, numerical studies are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution approach.
A MEMS programmable power divider/combiner for reconfigurable antenna systems

A programmable power divider/combiner is proposed for applications to low-cost reconfigurable antenna systems. The circuit employs two 3dB branch line couplers and a programmable reflection-type phase shifter that produces the required power ratio. A 5-state programmable power divider has been designed using microstrip technology and 8 RF MEMS devices. The circuit has been designed on a 525 /spl mu/m high resistivity silicon substrate using a well established micromachining process at ITC-irst in Trento, Italy. The circuit is presently being fabricated; the simulated results show return loss better than 25 dB and isolation better than 20 dB with power ratios of 1:0, 4:1, 1:1, 1:4, and 0:1 with a maximum error in the power ratio lower than 4.5%. An example of reconfigurable antenna system based on the proposed device is shown.
Ergogenic effects of beetroot juice supplementation during severe-intensity exercise in obese adolescents.

Previous studies showed a higher O2 cost of exercise, and therefore, a reduced exercise tolerance in patients with obesity during constant work rate (CWR) exercise compared with healthy subjects. Among the ergogenic effects of dietary nitrate ([Formula: see text]) supplementation in sedentary healthy subjects, a reduced O2 cost and enhanced exercise tolerance have often been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of beetroot juice (BR) supplementation, rich in [Formula: see text], on physiological variables associated with exercise tolerance in adolescents with obesity. In a double-blind, randomized crossover study, 10 adolescents with obesity (8 girls, 2 boys; age = 16 ± 1 yr; body mass index = 35.2 ± 5.0 kg/m2) were tested after 6 days of supplementation with BR (5 mmol [Formula: see text] per day) or placebo (PLA). Following each supplementation period, patients carried out two repetitions of 6-min moderate-intensity CWR exercise and one severe-intensity CWR exercise until exhaustion. Plasma [Formula: see text] concentration was significantly higher in BR versus PLA (108 ± 37 vs. 15 ± 5 μM, P < 0.0001). The O2 cost of moderate-intensity exercise was not different in BR versus PLA (13.3 ± 1.7 vs. 12.9 ± 1.1 ml·min-1·W-1, P = 0.517). During severe-intensity exercise, signs of a reduced amplitude of the O2 uptake slow component were observed in BR, in association with a significantly longer time to exhaustion (561 ± 198 s in BR vs. 457 ± 101 s in PLA, P = 0.0143). In obese adolescents, short-term dietary [Formula: see text] supplementation is effective in improving exercise tolerance during severe-intensity exercise. This may prove to be useful in counteracting early fatigue and reduced physical activity in this at-risk population.
Depressive Symptoms Increase the Risk of Mortality for White but Not Black Older Adults

Introduction. Long-term studies have shown that depressive symptoms predict the risk of mortality. However, it is unknown if this effect is present in shorter time intervals. In addition, recent research suggests that the salience of the negative affect on the risk of mortality is not similar across racial groups. The current study uses data from a national study of Black and White older adults to examine racial differences in the effect of baseline depressive symptoms on mortality risk over three years in the United States. Methods. This study used a longitudinal prospective design and followed 1493 older adults who were either White (n = 759) or Black (n = 734) for three years from 2001 to 2004. Depressive symptoms measured at baseline was the independent variable. Demographic factors, socio-economic characteristics (education, income, marital status), health behaviors (smoking and drinking), and health (self-rated health) measured at baseline in 2001 were covariates. The dependent variable was all-cause mortality between 2001 and 2004. Race was the moderator. Logistic regressions were used for data analysis. Results. In the pooled sample, high depressive symptoms at baseline were not associated with the three-year risk of mortality. In the pooled sample, we found a significant interaction between race and depressive symptoms on mortality, suggesting a stronger effect for Whites in comparison to Blacks. In race stratified models, depressive symptoms at baseline were predictive of mortality risk for Whites, but not Blacks. Conclusions. In the United States, Black-White differences exist in the effects of depressive symptoms on mortality risk in older adults. White older adults may be more vulnerable to the effects of depressive symptoms on mortality risk.
Predicting resonant properties of plasmonic structures by deep learning

Deep learning can be used to extract meaningful results from images. In this paper, we used convolutional neural networks combined with recurrent neural networks on images of plasmonic structures and extract absorption data form them. To provide the required data for the model we did 100,000 simulations with similar setups and random structures. By designing a deep network we could find a model that could predict the absorption of any structure with similar setup. We used convolutional neural networks to get the spatial information from the images and we used recurrent neural networks to help the model find the relationship between the spatial information obtained from convolutional neural network model. With this design we could reach a very low loss in predicting the absorption compared to the results obtained from numerical simulation in a very short time.
Corporate Social Performance of Family Firms: A Place-Based Perspective in the Context of Layoffs

This paper investigates the layoff behavior, a typical people dimension of corporate social performance (CSP), of family firms from a place-based perspective. We theorize that a place-based culture within family firms ensures that all organizational members share a deep sense of connection with the place of operations which makes them inherently care about their impact on society. Using data on layoffs of 2000 largest US firms between 1994 and 2007, we find that family firms do indeed exhibit a lower tendency to lay off employees in comparison to non-family firms; this relationship is particularly strong in ‘places’ with low population where the negative social externalities related to layoffs tend to be higher. Further post hoc analyses indicate that family firms have a strong place-based culture which can provide resource-based competitive advantages.
Abnormal Timing Delays in Auditory Brainstem Responses Evoked by Bilateral Cochlear Implant Use in Children

Hypothesis: A period of unilateral implant use before bilateral implantation affects timing of brainstem processes measured by the electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (EABR). Background: EABR latencies decrease with unilateral implant use potentially disrupting binaural timing cues important in auditory brainstem processing of bilateral input. Methods: EABRs were evoked by electrical pulses from the left, right, and both implants simultaneously in 3 groups of children. All were initially implanted at ages younger than 3 years and had the following: 1) a long delay (>2 yr [n = 16]), 2) a short delay (<1 yr [n = 15]), or 3) no delay (n = 15) between left and right ear implantation. Responses were recorded on the first day of bilateral implant use and 3 and 9 months thereafter. Results: Relative to responses evoked in the experienced ear, the naive ear showed prolonged latency in both the EABR peaks and the binaural difference response. After 3 and 9 months of bilateral implant use, the relative prolongation decreased in the long and short delay groups, but significant differences persisted in the former. No clear differences in latencies evoked by the left versus right implant were found at any time point in children receiving bilateral implants simultaneously. Conclusion: Results suggest potential disruptions to binaural brainstem processing based on timing cues in children receiving a second cochlear implant after more than 2 years of unilateral implant use that persist through at least the first 9 months of bilateral implant use.
Bayesian Analysis Using Power Priors with Application to Pediatric Quality of Care

We illustrate how power prior distributions can be used to incorporate historical data into a Bayesian analysis when there is uncertainty about the similarity between the current and historical studies. We compare common specifications of the power prior and explore whether it is preferable to condition on the power parameter, a0 or to treat it as a random variable with a prior distribution of its own. We show that there are two natural ways of formulating the power prior for random a0. The first approach excludes the historical data in all but extreme cases and may therefore be of limited practical use. The second approach, called the normalized power prior (NPP), provides a measure of congruence between the current and historical data, so that the historical data are downweighted more substantially as the studies diverge. While this is an intuitively appealing property, our experience suggests that in real world problems involving large datasets and models with several parameters, the NPP may lead to considerably more downweighting than desired. We therefore advise practitioners to consider whether such attenuation is desirable, or whether it is more appropriate to assign a0 a fixed value based on expert opinion about the relevance of the historical data to the current analysis. We also extend the power prior to hierarchical regression models that allow covariate effects to differ across studies. We apply these methods to a pair of studies designed to improve delivery of care in pediatric clinics.
ADOPSI SOCIAL COMMERCE: PEMODELAN UTAUT

Micro, small and medium enterprises (SME’s) are one of the sectors predicted to be the backbone of the economy in developing countries including Indonesia. In recent studies, it was assumed that SMEs are a sign of the emergence of self- sufficiency. In the economic downturn, SMEs are predicted to be able to support several community needs such as food and clothing. The province of South Kalimantan was famous for its authentic fabrics, namely sasirangan which are produced by local SMEs that are spread throughout the area. The sustainability of SMEs today was inseparable from IT infrastructure, especially those which related to promotion. The use of IT infrastructure and platforms is usually concentrated in big cities such as Banjarmasin. As an alternative, the use of social media can be used by SMEs in county area. This study aimed to understand the attitude of county SMEs related to the use of social media for commerce purposes or called as social commerce. The sample involved in this study were 100 Sasirangan business people in 5 districts in South Kalimantan Province. The analysis used in this study was PLS-SEM. The findings in this study indicate that, in general, SME’s entrepreneurs have a great desire to use their social media for trading purposes. Further discussion of research findings and restrictions on research will be discussed further at the end of the paper.
Maximum voluntary ventilation. Spirometric determinants in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and normal subjects.

The 12-s maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) provides an estimate of the ventilatory reserves available to meet the physiologic demands of exercise. Earlier studies established a general relationship between MVV and FEV1. We hypothesized that the resting maximum inspiratory flow rate (MIFR) also serves as a clinically useful predictor of the MVV. A total of 105 subjects, 45 women and 60 men (age 57 +/- 5 yr, mean +/- SD), with expiratory impairment categories of severe (n = 26), moderate (n = 22), mild (n = 18), and normal (n = 39) based on FEV1 (percentage of predicted), comprised the study samples. The ratio MVV/FEV1 averaged 41 +/- 7 overall. The FEV1 correlated with MVV in normal subjects (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.642) and patients (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.787) better than MIFR (p < 0.05, r2 > or = 0.480). MIFR joined with FEV1 in multiple linear regression to significantly improve the description of MVV:MVV L/min = 30.77FEV1 (L) + 5.94MIFR (L/s) - 4.77 (n = 105; p < 0.05, r2 = 0.849). The 95% confidence limits for MVV varied from 90 to 110% of predicted from the equation for this sample. The factors sex and impairment category did not reduce the unexplained variability in MVV after inclusion of FEV1 and MIFR as covariates in ANOVA (p > 0.05). Addition of MIFR to the model with FEV1 produced greater improvement in r2 than PImax. We conclude that MIFR, although secondary in importance to FEV1, is a significant determinant of MVV in patients with COPD and normal subjects. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Equity‐Based Incentives and Shareholder Say‐On‐Pay

This paper examines the connection between shareholder voting outcome (percent in favor or opposed) and executive equity-based incentives (pay-performance sensitivity and pay-risk sensitivity) as part of the "Say-on-Pay" provision of the 2010 Dodd-Frank Act. Our setting allows us to directly test whether shareholders perceive equity-based incentives as a source of or solution to agency problems. Consistent with our hypotheses, we provide evidence that shareholders tend to approve of compensation packages that are more sensitive to changes in stock price (pay-performance sensitivity) and changes in stock volatility (pay-risk sensitivity). Our findings are generally consistent with theoretical predictions that outside owners approve of equity incentives as a means of aligning managers interests with those of shareholders and as a way to mitigate potential agency costs.
Cholecystectomy and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer

OBJECTIVES:Cholecystectomy has been implicated as a possible risk factor for colorectal cancer. However, the clinical evidence and the underlying mechanism for this association are still inconclusive. We conducted a population-based study to further clarify this association.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective cohort study among all patients aged 40 yr or older in the General Practice Research Database from the United Kingdom. We excluded patients with <1 yr of colorectal cancer-free database follow-up as well as those patients who developed colorectal cancer within 1 yr after their cholecystectomies. Crude and adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were determined using Poisson regression.RESULTS:The incidence rate of colorectal cancer among cholecystectomy patients (n = 55,960) was 119 (95% CI: 106–133) per 100,000 person-years, compared to 86 (95% CI: 83–90) per 100,000 person-years among patients without a cholecystectomy (n = 574,668). Among the covariates examined, only sex and age were significant confounders and were included in the adjusted analyses. The adjusted IRR of colorectal cancer associated with cholecystectomy was 1.32 (95% CI: 1.16–1.48, p < 0.001). The positive association was present for colon cancer (adjusted IRR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.30–1.74, p < 0.001), but not for rectal cancer (adjusted IRR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.85–1.17, P = 0.99). The pattern of association was similar in men versus women. A similar association with colon cancer was observed for cholelithiasis.CONCLUSIONS:Cholecystectomy is associated with a modestly increased risk of colon cancer but not for rectal cancer. Lithogenic bile could be the underlying mechanism.
A Conceptual Introduction to Cognitive Remediation for Memory Deficits Associated With Right Unilateral Electroconvulsive Therapy

Objective Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective treatment for people with severe depression, many patients report that treatment-induced memory problems are the most disturbing and serious adverse effects, affecting quality of life after treatment and willingness to consent to further ECT sessions. To date, no intervention to mitigate these cognitive deficits has been developed. We introduce the methodology of a novel cognitive training program called Memory Training for ECT (Mem-ECT) that is based on cognitive training in seizure disorders. Mem-ECT is designed to help memories that are usually compromised after ECT to remain relatively preserved. Methods We evaluated the feasibility of implementing Mem-ECT in 8 adult patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder who underwent right unilateral ECT. This open pilot trial assessed recruitment procedures and treatment feasibility such as patient’s burden and compliance, exercise length, and how best to integrate treatment sessions around the patient’s schedule before undergoing ECT. Results We found Mem-ECT to be fairly well tolerated by depressed inpatients and easily implemented within ECT treatment services. Conclusion We discuss issues for future development, including an ongoing treatment-masked controlled study we are conducting to test the efficacy of Mem-ECT. Developing a safe and effective behavioral strategy to minimize ECT’s adverse effects on memory may make ECT a more easily tolerated treatment.
Mood disturbance during cycling performance at extreme conditions.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of extreme environments on mood state changes in hypoxic conditions and cold conditions in comparison to baseline conditions. The research design involved participants completing a two-hour stationary cycle ergometer ride at a simulated altitude of 2,500 metres, O°C, and normal laboratory conditions at a pace equivalent of lactate threshold. Eight male elite cyclists (Age: M = 26.23 yrs., SD = 6.74) completed the hypoxia- normal cycling trials. Ten male highly trained cyclists (Age: M = 23.34 yrs., SD = 5.45) participated in the cold-normal trials. Mood was assessed before, after one hour, and after two hours using the 24-item Brunel Mood Scale. MANOVA results indicated no significant interaction effect for mood changes over time by environment condition (Wilks' Lambda = .73, p = .32, Eta(2) = . 05), a significant main effect for mood changes over time (Wilks' Lambda = .61. p < .001, Partial Eta(2) = . 15) and a significant main effect for differences in mood by condition (Wilks' Lambda = .72, p < .000, Partial Eta(2) = . 15). Results indicated that increased anger, depression and fatigue were associated with performing at altitude, particularly after two hours of exercise. Collectively, results lend support to the notion that altitude is associated with negative mood states, although it should be noted that environment conditions did not affect the change in mood states over time. We suggest that further research is needed to explore mechanisms that individuals use to regulate negative mood during strenuous exercise. Key PointsThe present study found that mood state changes were more pronounced when performing at a simulated altitude of 2,500 metres than performing in the cold and normal laboratory conditions at a pace equivalent of lactate threshold.Findings from the present study indicate that that altitude is associated with negative mood states,Results show that mood states change during extreme exercise with increases most notably in fatigue and reductions in vigor. It should be noted that environment conditions did not affect the change in mood states over time.We suggest that further research is needed to explore mechanisms that individuals use to regulate negative mood during strenuous exercise.