Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequential single doses of cisapride, erythromycin, and metoclopramide in critically ill patients intolerant to enteral nutrition: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, crossover study

Objective: To evaluate the comparative efficacy of enteral cisapride, metoclopramide, erythromycin, and placebo for promoting gastric emptying in critically ill patients with intolerance to gastric enteral nutrition (EN). Design: A randomized, crossover study. Setting: Adult medical intensive care unit at a university‐affiliated private hospital and trauma intensive care unit at a university teaching hospital. Patients: Ten adult, critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients not tolerating a fiber‐containing EN product defined as a single aspirated gastric residual volume >150 mL or two aspirated gastric residual volumes >120 mL during a 12‐hr period. Interventions: Patients received 10 mg of cisapride, 200 mg of erythromycin ethylsuccinate, 10 mg of metoclopramide, and placebo as 20 mL of sterile water every 12 hrs over 48 hrs. Acetaminophen solution (1000 mg) was administered concurrently. Gastric residual volumes were assessed, and plasma acetaminophen concentrations were serially determined by TDx between 0 and 12 hrs to evaluate gastric emptying. Measurements and Main Results: Gastric residual volumes during the study were not significantly different between agents. No differences in area under the concentration vs. time curve or elimination rate constant were identified between agents. Metoclopramide and cisapride had a significantly shorter mean residence time of absorption than erythromycin (6.3 ± 4.5 [SEM] mins and 10.9 ± 5.8 vs. 30.1 ± 4.5 mins, respectively [p < .05]). Metoclopramide (9.7 ± 15.3 mins) had a significantly shorter time to peak concentration compared with erythromycin and placebo (60.7 ± 8.1 and 50.9 ± 13.5 mins, respectively [p < .05]). The time to onset of absorption was significantly shorter for metoclopramide vs. cisapride (5.7 ± 4.5 vs. 22.9 ± 5.7 mins [p < .05]). Conclusion: In critically ill patients intolerant to EN, single enteral doses of metoclopramide or cisapride are effective for promoting gastric emptying in critically ill patients with gastric motility dysfunction. Additionally, metoclopramide may provide a quicker onset than cisapride.
Talavera Poblana: Four Centuries of a Mexican Ceramic Tradition

The subject of this exhibition and catalogue is the tin-glazed earthenware known as Talavera (also called majolica or loza blanca “white earthenware”) which has been continuously produced in the city of Puebla in Mexico since the seventeenth century. Within the context of Mexican ceramic history, which spans thirty centuries, Talavera is a relative newcomer, intimately associated with the conquest and colonization. The term originally referred to the city of Talavera de la Reina, an important center for the production of majolica in Spain. Spaniards introduced the use of the wheel and tin glazing to Mexico and by the mid-seventeenth century the city of Puebla had a guild and ordinances regulating a ceramic industry that specialized in producing wares similar to those of Talavera de la Reina. It was clear from the start that artistic exchange with local native artisans who were expert at molding and modeling clay by hand was not encouraged. Among the regulations was one stipulating that only Spaniards and people of pure Spanish parentage could be examined for the position of master potter. The Spanish origins and subsequent dominance of the craft have affected the study and appreciation of Talavera ware in the twentieth century. In his introduction to the 1930 exhibition “Mexican Arts”, organized and circulated by the American Federation of Arts, René D’Harnoncourt singled out talavera de Puebla as an example of “arts produced in Mexico . of indubitable artistic merit but with no possible relationship to the cultural life of the country” (1930, xiii). In keeping with his Mexican colleagues such as Dr. Atl (Gerardo Murillo), D’Harnoncourt was primarily interested in Mexican pottery that “has remained in spirit—and frequently in technique—very much what it was before the Conquest” (1930, xiii, 31). Ironically while D’Harnoncourt found Talavera too Spanish, other scholars considered it too “popular”. After praising the technical and aesthetic qualities of Talavera, the Mexican art historian Manuel Toussaint acknowledged that “hay en ellos algo que si para algunnos es un atractivo, para otros constituirá indudablemente un defecto: su esp ṍ ritu popular” (1948, 283). Fortunately, this “popular spirit” appealed to several individuals in the United States who assembled major collections of Talavera ware in the  rst decades of the twentieth century. On a trip to Mexico in 1904, Emily Johnston de Forest, a collector of the “folk pottery of all peoples” was surprised to discover a ceramic style that “was not to be found in any of our American museums” (Barber 1918, xvii, xxi) and immediately began to acquire whatever was available. Her enthusiasm in turn inspired Edwin Atlee Barber, the Director of the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art (now the Philadelphia Museum of Art), who assembled a collection for his own institution. Barber
Text Extraction from Natural Images Using Maximally Stable Extremal Regions

-Detecting text in natural images is an important prerequisite. A large number of techniques have been proposed to address this problem and the purpose of this paper is to classify and review these techniques. In this paper a novel text detection algorithm as connected component based text detection algorithm is used for detection and recognition of text from the natural images using edge enhanced Maximally Stable Extremal Regions and stroke Width transform. Basic idea is to extract the connected component with MSER algorithms and then these candidates are filtered using CC based analysis and stroke width filtering. The text detected is then recognized using optical character recognizer.
Prevalence of Salmonella Species in Various Raw Meat Samples of a Local Market in Kathmandu

Abstract: A cross‐sectional study of raw meat samples from the local meat market of Kathmandu Metropolitan City was carried out during September 2002 to May 2003 with special emphasis on isolation and identification of Salmonella bacteria. A total of 123 raw meat samples (55 chicken, 37 buffalo, and 31 goat) were collected and analyzed relative to season. Salmonella spp was found in 11.4% (14/123) meat samples. Eight samples of chicken, that is, 14.5%, five samples of buffalo (13.5%), and one sample of goat (3.3%) were found to be positive for Salmonella. Salmonella prevalence revealed Salmonella (S.) pullorum in 3.3% samples, S. gallinarum in 0.8%, S. typhi in 1.6%, S. choleraesuis in 0.8%, and Salmonella of subgenus I or II group in 4.9% samples. More than 80% meat samples microbiologically processed indicated coliform contamination. Seasonal prevalence of Salmonella was highest in the months of April/May. Surveys revealed unsatisfactory conditions of sanitation in the local meat markets of Kathmandu.
Round-the-clock power supply and a sustainable economy via synergistic integration of solar thermal power and hydrogen processes

Significance Diminishing fossil fuel resources and increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases present a compelling case for transitioning to a sustainable economy where all human needs can be met by using abundant solar energy. In this paper, we introduce “hydricity,” a paradigm that proposes synergistic coproduction of solar thermal power and hydrogen. We realize hydricity by judiciously integrating solar water power cycle, solar thermal hydrogen production techniques, and turbine-based hydrogen power cycle and by suitably improving each one for compatibility and beneficial interaction. The proposed hydricity concept presents a potential breakthrough solution for continuous and efficient power supply and also an exciting opportunity to envision and create a sustainable economy to meet all the human needs—namely, food, chemicals, transportation, heating, and electricity. We introduce a paradigm—“hydricity”—that involves the coproduction of hydrogen and electricity from solar thermal energy and their judicious use to enable a sustainable economy. We identify and implement synergistic integrations while improving each of the two individual processes. When the proposed integrated process is operated in a standalone, solely power production mode, the resulting solar water power cycle can generate electricity with unprecedented efficiencies of 40–46%. Similarly, in standalone hydrogen mode, pressurized hydrogen is produced at efficiencies approaching ∼50%. In the coproduction mode, the coproduced hydrogen is stored for uninterrupted solar power production. When sunlight is unavailable, we envision that the stored hydrogen is used in a “turbine”-based hydrogen water power (H2WP) cycle with the calculated hydrogen-to-electricity efficiency of 65–70%, which is comparable to the fuel cell efficiencies. The H2WP cycle uses much of the same equipment as the solar water power cycle, reducing capital outlays. The overall sun-to-electricity efficiency of the hydricity process, averaged over a 24-h cycle, is shown to approach ∼35%, which is nearly the efficiency attained by using the best multijunction photovoltaic cells along with batteries. In comparison, our proposed process has the following advantages: (i) It stores energy thermochemically with a two- to threefold higher density, (ii) coproduced hydrogen has alternate uses in transportation/chemical/petrochemical industries, and (iii) unlike batteries, the stored energy does not discharge over time and the storage medium does not degrade with repeated uses.
Maximum torque high efficiency microprocessor based control of induction motors

In the paper a novel method for maximum torque and high efficiency control of induction motors is suggested. It is based on the condition that in every moment, for every speed the torque should be maximum or at least near the maximal value. This is achieved by calculation of the optimal frequency of the supply voltage, which is function of the rotation speed n in the moment and the parameters of the motor. The calculations can be done in advance, off-line, for a sufficient number of n and the results are introduced into the memory of the on-line controller. Another fast method for calculation of suboptimal values of the frequency which can be applied on-line is suggested and proven with theorem. The analysis made in the paper shows that as a result the efficiency can also increase. The flow-chart of the control algorithm is shown.
Factors associated with perceived need to increase physical activity levels among adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes. A cross-sectional analysis within community-based diabetes prevention project FIN-D2D

Background: Increased physical activity is a cornerstone of type 2 diabetes prevention. Perception of a need to change is considered essential in behaviour change process. However, existing literature on perceived need to change health behaviour is limited. In order to broaden the understanding of diabetes prevention by increased physical activity levels (PAL), we assessed factors associated with perceiving a need to increase PAL among adults at high risk of diabetes. Methods: Opportunistic screening was used within a primary-care based lifestyle intervention covering 10 149 men and women with high risk of type 2 diabetes. Data were obtained from preintervention baseline visits. The explored determinants were demographic, anthropometric/clinical, behavioural and psychosocial characteristics, along with four categories of PAL awareness. Logistic regression was used in analysis. Results: 74% of men (n=2 577) and 76% of women (n=4 551) perceived a need to increase their PAL. Participants most likely to perceive this need were inactive, had a larger waist circumference, rated their PAL as insufficient, and were at the contemplation stage of change. The likelihood was also greater among women with less education and less perceived fitness. PAL overestimators were less likely to perceive the need to increase their PAL than realistic inactive participants. Smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and family history of diabetes were not associated with this need perception. Despite education in women, demographic factors did not determine participants’ perceived need to increase PAL. Conclusion: Subjective rather than objective health factors appear to determine the perception of a need to increase PAL among adults at high risk of diabetes. Client perceptions need to be evaluated in health counselling in order to facilitate a change in PAL. Practical descriptions of the associations between metabolic risk factors, PAL, and diabetes are needed to make the risk factors concrete for at-risk individuals.
In Vivo Trypanocidal activity of Hydroethanolic extract of Hymenocardia acida stem bark in Rats

The in vivo trypanocidal efficacy of Hydroethanolic extract of Hymenocardia acida stem bark was evaluated in Wistar rats. Three groups of rats were treated orally with the extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight for 6 days. Two other groups received the vehicle and Diminazene accurate at 3.5 mg/kg to serve as negative and positive control respectively. The mean survival period of infected animals, daily level of parasitaemia, packed cell volume, total and differential leukocyte counts were evaluated. Oral administration of the extract did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect the packed cell volume. However, the extract reduced the level of parasitaemia and prolonged the life span of infected rats. This study shows in vivo potential of hydroethanolic extract of H. acida in the treatment of African trypanosomosis.
Aportaciones al conocimiento de la vegetación gipsícola en el occidente de la provincia de Granada (sur de españa)

Se estudian los matorrales xerofiticos asentados sobre yesos de la porcion sur-occidental de la provincia politica de Granada (sector Granadino-Almijarense, provincia Betica). Se propone una nueva asociacion vegetal desarrollada en termotipo mesomediterraneo: Helianthemo squamati-Ononidetum crassifoliae Marchal & Lendinez ass. nova, aportando datos de su estructura, sinecologia, corologia, sintaxonomia y dinamica.
The Behavioural Contexts of Red Langur (Presbytis rubicunda) Loud Calls in the Wehea Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Researchers hypothesize that male loud calls play several roles in primate societies including in the context of intergroup spacing and spatial coordination. Field studies examining the behavioural correlates of vocalizations are essential to evaluate the function of these calls. This preliminary study, from July 2011 to January 2012, explores the behavioural contexts and correlates of male loud calls in a habituated group of red langurs (Presbytis rubicunda) in the Wehea Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In analysing 418 h of data collection, we find a total of 87 vocal behaviours, including bouts of multiple calls in rapid succession (i.e. calling events) and individual loud calls. In this sample, most vocal behaviour takes place in the morning with 59% of calling events occurring before 8.00 h. The mean rate of calling events is 0.12 events/h, and the mean rate of individual loud calls is 0.20 calls/h. The mean number of calling events per day is 1.31 (range: 0-4), and the mean number of individual loud calls per day is 2.81 (range: 0-13). The rate of calling events is highest in the context of intragroup conflict, followed by intergroup encounters, predator threat, group travel, and the highest number of individual loud calls occurred during intergroup encounters. Although these results are preliminary, they suggest that adult male loud calls among red langurs at Wehea may play a role in both intergroup spacing and social coordination, supporting the hypothesis that these calls can serve different functions.
Effect of the AT1‐Receptor Antagonists Losartan, Irbesartan, and Telmisartan on Angiotensin II‐Induced Facilitation of Sympathetic Neurotransmission in the Rat Mesenteric Artery

&NA; The effect of the AT1‐receptor antagonists losartan, irbesartan, and telmisartan on angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced facilitation of noradrenergic neurotransmission was investigated in the isolated rat mesenteric artery under isometric conditions. Electrical field stimulation (2, 4, and 8 Hz) caused a frequency‐dependent increase of contractile force. At stimulation frequencies of 2, 4, and 8 Hz, Ang II (10 nM) increased the stimulation‐induced vasoconstrictor responses by a factor 4.8 ± 0.9, 2.9 ± 0.7, and 1.3 ± 0.1, respectively (p < 0.05 compared with control for all frequencies). The enhancement could be concentration‐dependently antagonized by losartan (1 nM‐1 &mgr;M), irbesartan (0.1 nM‐0.1 &mgr;M), and telmisartan (0.01 nM‐0.01 &mgr;M). At a stimulation frequency of 2 Hz, the relation between stimulation‐induced vasoconstrictor responses (in presence of Ang II 10 nM) and the concentration of the AT1‐antagonists used could be described by linear regression. The order of potency concerning sympathoinhibition was telmisartan > irbesartan > losartan (p < 0.05 between linear regression lines). Contractile responses to exogenous noradrenaline were unaltered in the presence of Ang II 10 nM. We conclude that the facilitating effect of Ang II on noradrenergic neurotransmission is mediated by presynaptically located AT1‐receptors. Conversely, this facilitating effect can be dose‐dependently counteracted by blockade of these receptors. Sympathoinhibitory properties are likely to contribute to the therapeutic effect of AT1‐blockers, in particular in conditions in which the sympathetic nervous system is activated, such as congestive heart failure and hypertension.
Nature and extent of penicillin side-reactions, with particular reference to fatalities from anaphylactic shock.

An appraisal is made of toxic, microbiogenic, and allergic side effects occurring in man as a result of large amounts of penicillin increasingly used in medical and veterinary practice. The allergic reactions constitute the most common and significant side effects of penicillin. The major antigenic determinant in penicillin allergy, the penicilloyl group derived from the penicillanic acid nucleus, is common to all penicillins and explains, at least in part, the cross-reactivity of man to any penicillin derivative or preparation. Available data do not permit conclusions as to the true frequency of allergic reactions to penicillin which are reported to vary from 0.7-10% in different studies in different countries. Among the side effects, the anaphylactic type may occur in about 0.015-0.004% with a fatality rate from shock of 0.0015-0.002% among treated patients. There is no convincing evidence that the frequency of allergic side effects to penicillin has increased in the last 10 years in relation to the increasing, worldwide use of penicillin. Persons in contact with penicillin may respond by producing antibodies, the presence of which can be determined by immunological procedures, and these are believed to be partly responsible for sudden penicillin side reactions. Routine prospective skin testing prior to penicillin administration cannot, however, be generally advocated at present but, in special instances, it can be undertaken in cooperation with specialists and competent laboratories. The present investigation includes a study of 151 anaphylactic fatalities reported to have followed penicillin administration. Of these persons, 14% had evidence of previous allergies of some kind, 70% had received penicillin previously, and 1/3 of these had already experienced prior sudden allergic reactions. In most of these fatal cases, the symptoms leading to death occurred within 15 minutes. An Expert Committee of the World Health Organization has emphasized that most anaphylactic fatalities can be prevented by measures to reduce penicillin sensitization environmentally in the population on the 1 hand, and by the preparedness of doctors on the other. (author's modified)
On Superposition Multilevel Coding for the 3-Node Relay Channel Exploiting Decode and Forward

Relaying techniques are a well investigated subject in literature. The simplest relay channel is a 3-node network and the communication is split into broadcast phase and Multiple Access (MAC) phase. The focus of this paper lies on the MAC part of the relay channel which is a superposition of the source's and the relay's signals. From information theory it is known that a trade-off between distributed Beamforming (dBF) and the classical MAC has to be found. Generally, the source transmits a superposition of a beamforming part and new information, where the power distribution between both parts has to be optimized. In this work, this conventional approach will be reinterpreted from a Multilevel Coding/Code (MLC) point of view, where the new information can be seen as a level on top of the information transmitted by the relay. In addition, Superposition Modulation (SPM) will be used as a joined mapping scheme to ensure coherent superposition of the dBF part. In this MLC view, the conventional scheme is extended to a more generalized scheme which allows to achieve the theoretical Decode and Forward (DF) rate of Gaussian relay channels. Furthermore, it is possible to realize a low complexity joint demapping of both signals at the destination with only minor performance degradation. Indeed, results show that the new scheme will outperform practical mapping schemes like Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).
Experiments on identification of argumentative sentences

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the best set of features that automatically enables the identification of argumentative sentences from unstructured text. As corpus, we use case laws from the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). Three kinds of experiments are conducted: Basic Experiments, Multi Feature Experiments and Tree Kernel Experiments. These experiments are basically categorized according to the type of features available in the corpus. The features are extracted from the corpus and Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest are the used as Machine learning algorithms. We achieved F1 score of 0.705 for identifying the argumentative sentences which is quite promising result and can be used as the basis for a general argument-mining framework.
The Kto-Skd Complex Can Regulate ptc Expression by Interacting with Cubitus interruptus (Ci) in the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway*

Background: Kto-Skd plays important roles in development. But the mechanism for how this complex regulates Hedgehog pathway is unknown. Results: Kto-Skd down-regulates ptc expression. Conclusion: Kto-Skd complex can regulate ptc expression by interacting with Ci. Significance: The finding that the Kto-Skd complex affects Hh pathway provides novel mechanistic insights into the regulation of A/P boundary formation in Drosophila wing discs. The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays a very important role in metazoan development by controlling pattern formation. Drosophila imaginal discs are subdivided into anterior and posterior compartments that derive from adjacent cell populations. The anterior/posterior (A/P) boundaries, which are critical to maintaining the position of organizers, are established by a complex mechanism involving Hh signaling. Here, we uncover the regulation of ptc in the Hh signaling pathway by two subunits of mediator complex, Kto and Skd, which can also regulate boundary location. Collectively, we provide further evidence that Kto-Skd affects the A/P-axial development of the whole wing disc. Kto can interact with Cubitus interruptus (Ci), bind to the Ci-binding region on ptc promoter, which are both regulated by Hh signals to down-regulate ptc expression.