Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Kinsey data: Marginal tabulations of the 1938-1963 interviews conducted by the Institute for Sex Research

The 580 tables in this volume present data collected by Dr. Alfred Kinseys Institute for Sex Research in the years 1938-63. In addition to marginal tabulations the volume includes text on the history of the Institute interviewing and sampling techniques and anticipated differences between these results and those obtained in 2 earlier volumes: "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male" and "Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. " The present publication was prepared for 4 purposes: 1) to make the scientific community aware of the type of data the Institute possesses 2) to more adequately define the human sexuality samples used in Kinseys research on sexuality 3) to encourage secondary analyses and facilitate new approaches and 4) to clean earlier samples and more accurately process the data. Tabulations are based on a sample comprised of 6 groupings: white college-educated males (N = 4694); white non-college-educated males (N = 766) white college-educated females (N = 4358); white non-college-educated females (N = 1028); black college-educated males (N = 177); and black college-educated females (N = 223). All of these groups have been "cleaned" by removing individuals who were recruited from sources with known sexual bias (e.g. an organization for homosexuals). In addition data are presented from a delinquent sample a homosexual sample and a sample of those excluded from other analyses. Only the homosexual sample shares members with the other 3 categories. The data were derived from a basic interview aimed at obtaining information on demographic factors physical factors early sexual knowledge prepubertal sexual activity masturbation orgasm in sleep heterosexual petting coitus reproductive items homosexual activity animal contact and sexual responses to nontactile stimuli. Although adding to and cleaning the samples used in the 2 earlier volumes has increased the value of the data the major findings of the previous work in terms of age gender marital status socioeconomic class and sexuality remain intact.
Dissecting the Biology of Menstrual Cycle-Associated Breast Cancer Risk

Fluctuations in circulating estrogen and progesterone across the menstrual cycle lead to increased breast cancer susceptibility in women; however, the biological basis for this increased risk is not well understood. Estrogen and progesterone have important roles in normal mammary gland development, where they direct dynamic interactions among the hormonally regulated mammary epithelial, stromal, and immune cell compartments. The continuous fluctuations of estrogen and progesterone over a woman’s reproductive lifetime affect the turnover of mammary epithelium, stem cells, and the extracellular matrix, as well as regulate the phenotype and function of mammary stromal and immune cells, including macrophages and regulatory T cells. Collectively, these events may result in genome instability, increase the chance of random genetic mutations, dampen immune surveillance, and promote tolerance in the mammary gland, and thereby increase the risk of breast cancer initiation. This article reviews the current status of our understanding of the molecular and the cellular changes that occur in the mammary gland across the menstrual cycle and how continuous menstrual cycling may increase breast cancer susceptibility in women.
The Ubiquitin-Conjugating DNA Repair Enzyme HR6A Is a Maternal Factor Essential for Early Embryonic Development in Mice

ABSTRACT The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD6 protein is required for a surprising diversity of cellular processes, including sporulation and replicational damage bypass of DNA lesions. In mammals, two RAD6-related genes, HR6A and HR6B, encode highly homologous proteins. Here, we describe the phenotype of cells and mice deficient for the mHR6A gene. Just like mHR6B knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, mHR6A-deficient cells appear to have normal DNA damage resistance properties, but mHR6A knockout male and female mice display a small decrease in body weight. The necessity for at least one functional mHR6A (X-chromosomal) or mHR6B (autosomal) allele in all somatic cell types is supported by the fact that neither animals lacking both proteins nor females with only one intact mHR6A allele are viable. In striking contrast to mHR6B knockout males, which show a severe spermatogenic defect, mHR6A knockout males are normally fertile. However, mHR6A knockout females fail to produce offspring despite a normal ovarian histology and ovulation. The absence of mHR6A in oocytes prevents development beyond the embryonic two-cell stage but does not result in an aberrant methylation pattern of histone H3 at this early stage of mouse embryonic development. These observations support redundant but dose-dependent roles for HR6A and HR6B in somatic cell types and germ line cells in mammals.
Managing teacher turnover

Concerns about educator turnover and attrition are reported widely as a global phenomenon. Turnover translates, amongst other things, into shortages in educator supply, costs in recruitment, training and mentoring, poor learner performance due to disruption of planning programmes and continuity, as well as overcrowded classes. This poses a challenge to the education system to manage turnover and retain teachers. This is critical to the future of quality education delivery, especially in the light of changes in the system generally and the demands placed on it to deliver education in line with the country's socio-economic expectations. A teacher turnover and retention strategy that addresses the sources thereof is therefore essential. This article draws attention to the phenomenon of teacher turnover, makes recommendations for the management thereof by education departments in the country, and is a first step towards comprehensive research into teacher turnover in South Africa.
Low serum dehydroepiandrosterone examined by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry correlates with poor prognosis in hormone‐naïve prostate cancer

There is no consensus on blood adrenal androgen concentrations in men with different stages and pathological grades of prostate cancer. In this study, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations in blood were examined by ultrasensitive liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). We analyzed the correlation between DHEA concentrations in blood and clinicopathological findings of prostate cancer.
Toll-like receptor 3 activation drives the inflammatory response in oxygen-induced retinopathy in rats

Aims Ischaemia is one of the most important causes of blindness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential role and mechanisms by which toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) influences the progression of the inflammatory response in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Methods OIR rat models were successfully established and received single intravitreal injections of polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) and anti-TLR3 antibody, respectively, on postnatal day 17 (P17). Pathological retinal neovascularisation was evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry with Isolectin B4 FITC (fluorescein isothyocyanate). Retinal expressions of TLR3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were measured using real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot. Furthermore, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) expression levels were assessed with real-time PCR and ELISA. Results Both gene and protein expression levels of TLR3 and NF-κB were significantly elevated in the retinas of OIR rats compared to the controls. Increased IL-6 and TNFα expression levels were also observed in the retinas of OIR rats. Furthermore, TLR3 signalling pathway components, including NF-κB and IL-6/TNFα, were markedly upregulated upon stimulation with poly(I:C). In addition, the pre-treatment of TLR3 neutralising antibody in OIR models significantly decreased TLR3 and NF-κB expressions, as well as related inflammatory factors IL-6/TNFα expression. Conclusions Our results suggest that upregulation of the TLR3 signalling pathway is involved in the pro-inflammatory response in OIR rat retinas.
Maternal depressive symptoms and infant health practices among low-income women.

OBJECTIVES To determine the relationships between maternal depressive symptoms and the use of infant health services, parenting practices, and injury-prevention measures. METHODS A prospective, community-based survey of women attending Philadelphia public health centers between February 2000 and November 2001 was conducted. Women were surveyed at 3 time points before and after parturition. Depressive symptoms were determined with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at each time point. We studied 6 outcomes, clustered into 3 categories: 1) infant health service use (adequate well-child care and ever being hospitalized); 2) parenting practices (breastfeeding for > or =1 month and use of corporal punishment); and 3) injury-prevention measures (having a smoke alarm and using the back sleep position). RESULTS The sample consisted of 774 largely single (74%), uninsured (63%), African American (65%) women, with a mean age of 24 +/- 6 years and a mean annual income of 8063 dollars. Forty-eight percent of women had depressive symptoms at 1 or 2 time points (ever symptoms) and 12% had depressive symptoms at all points (persistent symptoms). Compared with women who never had depressive symptoms (without symptoms), women with persistent symptoms were nearly 3 times as likely to have their child ever hospitalized (adjusted odds ratio: 2.89; 95% confidence interval: 1.61-5.07) and twice as likely to use corporal punishment (adjusted odds ratio: 1.90; 95% confidence interval: 1.08-3.34). Mothers with persistent depressive symptoms were nearly three-quarters less likely to have smoke alarms in their homes (adjusted odds ratio: 0.28; 95% confidence interval: 0.11-0.70) and one-half as likely to use the back sleep position (adjusted odds ratio: 0.56; 95% confidence interval: 0.35-0.91), compared with women without symptoms. There was no association between maternal depressive symptoms and infant receipt of well-child care or the likelihood of breastfeeding for > or =1 month. CONCLUSIONS Maternal depressive symptoms persisting from the prepartum to postpartum periods were associated with increased risks of infant hospitalization and use of corporal punishment and with lower likelihood of having a smoke alarm and using the back sleep position. Additional efforts are needed to identify and evaluate mothers with depressive symptoms to improve the health and safety of young infants.
A Transaction Model for an Open Publication Environment

Different users of a publication environment, e.g., authors, editors, layouters, typesetters, will together produce and distribute a publication. We consider three different kinds of components in such an environment: assistants, agents, and tools. Assistants provide users with homogeneous access to local tools, such as text editors, information bases etc. In addition, they support the cooperation between users. Agents provide direct access to non-local tools, originally available only to the assistants of other users. We propose a transaction model with the following properties: easy integration of existing tools, guarantee of ACID properties by assistants and agents if tools supporting ACID transactions are accessed, and a higher degree of parallelism compared to conventional transaction models.
Activated Human Mast Cells Induce LOX-1-Specific Scavenger Receptor Expression in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages

Objective Activated mast cells in atherosclerotic lesions degranulate and release bioactive compounds capable of regulating atherogenesis. Here we examined the ability of activated human primary mast cells to regulate the expression of the major scavenger receptors in cultured human primary monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). Results Components released by immunologically activated human primary mast cells induced a transient expression of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor (LOX-1) mRNA in HMDMs, while the expression of two other scavenger receptors, MSR1 and CD36, remained unaffected. The LOX-1-inducing secretory components were identified as histamine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), which exhibited a synergistic effect on LOX-1 mRNA expression. Histamine induced a transient expression of LOX-1 protein. Mast cell –induced increase in LOX-1 expression was not associated with increased uptake of oxidized LDL by the macrophages. Conclusions Mast cell-derived histamine, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 act in concert to induce a transient increase in LOX-1 expression in human primary monocyte-derived macrophages. The LOX-1-inducing activity potentially endows mast cells a hitherto unrecognized role in the regulation of innate immune reactions in atherogenesis.
Analysis and design of operational amplifier stability based on Routh-Hurwitz method

This paper proposes to use Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion for analysis and design of the opamp stability, when its small equivalent circuit is derived; this can lead to explicit stability condition derivation for opamp circuit parameters, and this is very effective especially for multi-stage opamps. The proposed method has been verified by two two-pole amplifiers with theoretical analysis and SPICE simulations, as examples.
Public Values for Biodiversity Conservation Policies in the Oregon Coast Range

This study uses a choice experiment framework to estimate Oregonians' willingness to pay (WTP) for changes in levels of biodiversity protection under different conservation programs in the Oregon Coast Range. We present biodiversity policy as an amalgam of four different conservation programs: salmon and aquatic habitat conservation, forest age-class management, endangered species protection, and large-scale conservation reserves. The results indicate substantial support for biodiversity protection, but significant differences in WTP across programs. Oregonians indicate the highest WTP for increasing the amount of forest devoted to achieving old-growth characteristics. On average, respondents indicate an annual household WTP of $380 to increase old-growth forests from 5% to 35% of the age-class distribution. Conversely, WTP for increasing conservation reserves peaks at $45 annually to double the current level to 20% of the landscape, whereas WTP is negative for any increase over 32%. We also find resistance to any change in conservation policy, which substantially offsets WTP for increases in all four conservation programs. FOR . S CI. 50(5):589-602.
Monitoring user interactions for supporting failure reproduction

The first step to comprehend and fix a software bug is usually to reproduce the corresponding failure. Reproducing a failure requires information about steps to reproduce, i.e. the steps necessary to make a failure occur in the development environment. In case of an application with a user interface, steps to reproduce consist of the interactions between a user and the application that precede the failure. Unfortunately, bug reports typically lack this information. Users are either unaware of its importance to developers, are unable to describe it, or simply do not have time to report it. In this paper, we present a simple but effective and resource efficient approach to monitor interactions between users and their applications selectively at a high level of abstraction, e.g. editing operations and commands. This minimizes the monitoring overhead and enables developers to analyze user interaction traces. We map monitored interactions to a taxonomy of user interactions to help developers comprehend user behavior. Further, we present the Timeline Tool that visualizes monitored interaction traces preceding failures. To evaluate our approach we conducted an experiment with 12 participants and asked them to reproduce bug reports from an open-source project. We found that developers are able to derive steps to reproduce from monitored interaction traces. In particular, inexperienced developers profit from the Timeline Tool, as they are able to reproduce failures that they cannot reproduce without it. The monitoring overhead is rather small (approx. 5% CPU and 2-5% memory) and users feel it does not influence their work in a negative way.
Delivery of the Non-Membrane-Permeative Antibiotic Gentamicin into Mammalian Cells by Using Shigella flexneriMembrane Vesicles

ABSTRACT We developed a model to test whether non-membrane-permeative therapeutic agents such as gentamicin could be delivered into mammalian cells by means of bacterial membrane vesicles. Many gram-negative bacteria bleb off membrane vesicles (MVs) during normal growth, and the quantity of these vesicles can be increased by brief exposure to gentamicin (J. L. Kadurugamuwa and T. J. Beveridge, J. Bacteriol. 177:3998–4008, 1995), which can be entrapped within the MVs. Gentamicin-induced MVs (g-MVs) were isolated from Shigella flexneri and contained 85 ± 2 ng of gentamicin per μg of MV protein. Immunogold electron microscopic labeling of thin sections with antibodies specific to S. flexneri lipopolysaccharide (LPS) demonstrated the adherence and subsequent engulfment of MVs by the human Henle 407 intestinal epithelial cell line. Further incubation of g-MVs with S. flexneri-infected Henle cells revealed that the g-MVs penetrated throughout the infected cells and reduced the intracellular pathogen by ∼1.5 log10 CFU in the first hour of incubation. Antibiotic was detected in the cytoplasms of host cells, indicating the intracellular placement of the drug following the penetration of g-MVs. Soluble antibiotic, added as a fluid to the tissue culture growth medium, had no effect on intracellular bacterial growth, confirming the impermeability of the cell membranes of the tissue to gentamicin. Western blot analysis of MVs with S. flexneri Ipa-specific antibodies demonstrated that the invasion protein antigens IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD were present in MVs. Being bilayered, with outer faces composed of LPS and Ipa proteins, these MVs were readily engulfed by the otherwise impermeable membranes and eventually liberated their contents into the cytoplasmic substance of the host tissue.
Nonparametric Regression: Lowess/Loess

Scatter-diagram smoothing involves drawing a smooth curve on a scatter diagram to summarize a relationship, in a fashion that makes few assumptions initially about the form or strength of the relationship. It is related to (and is a special case of) nonparametric regression, in which the objective is to represent the relationship between a response variable and one or more predictor variables, again in way that makes few assumptions about the form of the relationship. In other words, in contrast to ”standard” linear regression analysis, no assumption is made that the relationship is represented by a straight line (although one could certainly think of a straight line as a special case of nonparametric regression). Another way of looking at scatter diagram smoothing is as a way of depicting the ”local” relationship between a response variable and a predictor variable over parts of their ranges, which may differ from a ”global” relationship determined using the whole data set. (And again, the idea of ”local” as opposed to ”global” relationships has an obvious geographical analogy.)
An Open Architecture for Multi-Domain Information Extraction

This paper presents a multi-domain information extraction system. The overall architecture of the system is detailed. A set of machine learning tools helps the expert to explore the corpus and automatically derive knowledge from this corpus. Thus, the system allows the end-user to rapidly develop a local ontology giving an accurate image of the content of the text, so that the expert can elaborate new extraction templates. The system is finally evaluated using classical indicators. 1
Analysis of Atmosphere-Breathing Electric Propulsion

To extend the lifetime of commercial and scientific satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) and below (100-250 km of altitude) recent years showed an increased activity in the field of air-breathing electric propulsion as well as beamed-energy propulsion systems. However, preliminary studies showed that the propellant flow necessary for electrostatic propulsion at these altitudes exceeds the mass intake possible within reasonable limits, and that electrode erosion due to oxygen flow might limit the lifetime of eventual thruster systems. The pulsed plasma thruster (PPT), however, can be successfully operated with smaller mass intake and at relatively low power. This makes it an interesting candidate for air-breathing application in LEO and its feasibility is investigated within this paper. An analysis of such an air-breathing PPT system shows that for altitudes between 150 and 250 km, drag compensation is at least partially feasible assuming a thrust-to-power ratio of 30 mN/kW and a specific impulse of 5000 s. Further, to avoid electrode erosion, inductively heated electrothermal plasma generator technology is discussed to derive a possible propulsion system that can handle gaseous propellant without unfavorable side effects. Current technology can be used to create an estimated 4.4 mN of thrust per 1 mg/s of mass flow rate, which is sufficient to compensate the drag for small satellites in altitudes between 150 and 250 km.
Early life risk factors for cerebrovascular disease

Objective: Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) causes subclinical brain vascular lesions detected using neuroimaging and childhood factors may increase later CVD risk. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE, and meta-analyzed all available evidence on childhood (premorbid) IQ, socioeconomic status (SES), education, and subclinical CVD in later life. Overall odds ratios (OR), mean difference or correlation, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects methods. Results: We identified 30 relevant studies (n = 22,890). Lower childhood IQ and lower childhood SES were associated with more white matter hyperintensities (WMH) (IQ: n = 1,512, r = −0.07, 95% CI −0.12 to −0.02, p = 0.007; SES: n = 243, deep WMH r = −0.18, periventricular WMH r = −0.146). Fewer years of education were associated with several CVD markers (n = 15,439, OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.31, p = 0.003). No studies assessed early life factors combined. Conclusions: Childhood IQ, SES, and education are associated with increased risk of CVD on neuroimaging in later life. Further studies are required to provide further evidence and thereby inform policy.
FROM SEEKERS TO ACTIVISTS

Media culture is a firm part of youth cultures today. Media can also be seen as one empowering technology in the information society alongside traditional school and government. What kind of civic identities are young people constructing in contemporary media culture? This article discusses media-saturated youth and audience agency, drawing on Dahlgren's ideas of civic culture. Relying on empirical data from two case studies in Finland, we will introduce a typology of civic identities, which the young construct as members of the public in relation to media. Our first case study is a youth civic website called Vaikuttamo.net and the second is the Youth Voice Editorial Board, which consists of a group of young people producing news for mainstream media. Our research supports various earlier observations that young people are firmly engaged, though to a lesser extent, in the formal political realm. We particularly want to emphasize the role of the local media and the expressive potential of young people. The media should be noted as a public forum where cultural and political modes of expression and participation can be mixed – not only in global online media, but also in more traditional local media such as television and newspaper. The research shows that young people are also willing to enter generational public discussions about civic issues instead of keeping to their own forums of media publicity.