Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Performance Estimations and Benchmark Results for a Software-based Fault-Tolerance Approach aboard Miniaturized Satellite Computers

Modern embedded technology is a driving factor in satellite miniaturization, contributing to a massive boom in satellite launches and a rapidly evolving new space industry. Miniaturized satellites however suffer from low reliability, as traditional hardware-based fault-tolerance (FT) concepts are ineffective for on-board computers (OBCs) utilizing modern systems-on-a-chip (SoC). Larger satellites therefore continue to rely on proven processors with large feature sizes. Software-based concepts have largely been ignored by the space industry as they were researched only in theory, and have not yet reached the level of maturity necessary for implementation. In related work, we presented the first integral, real-world solution to enable fault-tolerant general-purpose computing with modern multiprocessor-SoCs (MPSoCs) for spaceflight, thereby enabling their use in future high-priority space missions. The presented multi-stage approach consists of three FT stages, combining coarse-grained thread-level distributed self-validation, FPGA reconfiguration, and mixed criticality to assure long-term FT and excellent scalability for both resource constrained and critical high-priority space missions. As part of the ongoing implementation effort towards a hardware prototype, several software implementations were achieved and tested. This document contains an outline of the conducted tests, performance evaluation results, and supplementary information not included in the actual paper. It is being continuously expanded and updated.
Static memory leak detection using full-sparse value-flow analysis

We introduce a static detector, Saber, for detecting memory leaks in C programs. Leveraging recent advances on sparse pointer analysis, Saber is the first to use a full-sparse value-flow analysis for leak detection. Saber tracks the flow of values from allocation to free sites using a sparse value-flow graph (SVFG) that captures def-use chains and value flows via assignments for all memory locations represented by both top-level and address-taken pointers. By exploiting field-, flow- and context-sensitivity during different phases of the analysis, Saber detects leaks in a program by solving a graph reachability problem on its SVFG. Saber, which is fully implemented in Open64, is effective at detecting 211 leaks in the 15 SPEC2000 C programs and five applications, while keeping the false positive rate at 18.5%. We have also compared Saber with Fastcheck (which analyzes allocated objects flowing only into top-level pointers) and Sparrow (which handles all allocated objects using abstract interpretation) using the 15 SPEC2000 C programs. Saber is as accurate as Sparrow but is 14.2X faster and reports 40.7% more bugs than Fastcheck at a slightly higher false positive rate but is only 3.7X slower.
Interreader agreement and variability of FDG PET volumetric parameters in human solid tumors.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to evaluate the interreader agreement and variability of two (18)F-FDG PET parameters, metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis, in human solid tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred eleven patients (mean [± SD] age, 61.9 ± 12.5 years) with baseline staging FDG PET/CT scans were included. Two readers independently read the scans and segmented metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis using two fixed thresholds, 40% and 50% of the lesion's maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). The impact of the lesion's FDG avidity and location on reader agreement and variability was established. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), precision, and Bland-Altman analysis were used to evaluate agreement and variability. RESULTS The ICCs for 40% and 50% SUVmax segmentations of metabolic tumor volume between the readers were 0.987 and 0.995, and the corresponding values for 40% and 50% SUVmax segmentations of total lesion glycolysis were 0.987 and 0.986, respectively (p = 0.0001). The corresponding precisions were 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 0.5%, respectively. The mean biases between the readers for 40% and 50% SUVmax segmentations of metabolic tumor volume were -1.78 ± 8.42 mL and -0.46 ± 2.1 mL and for 40% and 50% SUVmax segmentations of total lesion glycolysis were -7.3 ± 31.6 g and -2.97 ± 12.86 g, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed better precision and lesser variability for 50% SUVmax segmentations of metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis in patients with the highest and lowest FDG-avid primary tumors. The precision was highest and variability was lowest for lung tumors. CONCLUSION There is excellent interreader agreement for measurement of metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis with 40% and 50% SUVmax threshold segmentations in human solid tumors.
Intelligence May Moderate the Cognitive Profile of Patients with ASD

Background The intelligence of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) varies considerably. The pattern of cognitive deficits associated with ASD may differ depending on intelligence. We aimed to study the absolute and relative severity of cognitive deficits in participants with ASD in relation to IQ. Methods A total of 274 children (M age = 12.1, 68.6% boys) participated: 30 ASD and 22 controls in the below average Intelligence Quotient (IQ) group (IQ<85), 57 ASD and 54 controls in the average IQ group (85115). Matching for age, sex, Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), Verbal IQ (VIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ) and VIQ-PIQ difference was performed. Speed and accuracy of social cognition, executive functioning, visual pattern recognition and basic processing speed were examined per domain and as a composite score. Results The composite score revealed a trend significant IQ by ASD interaction (significant when excluding the average IQ group). In absolute terms, participants with below average IQs performed poorest (regardless of diagnosis). However, in relative terms, above average intelligent participants with ASD showed the most substantial cognitive problems (particularly for social cognition, visual pattern recognition and verbal working memory) since this group differed significantly from the IQ-matched control group (p < .001), whereas this was not the case for below-average intelligence participants with ASD (p = .57). Conclusions In relative terms, cognitive deficits appear somewhat more severe in individuals with ASD and above average IQs compared to the below average IQ patients with ASD. Even though high IQ ASD individuals enjoy a certain protection from their higher IQ, they clearly demonstrate cognitive impairments that may be targeted in clinical assessment and treatment. Conversely, even though in absolute terms ASD patients with below average IQs were clearly more impaired than ASD patients with average to above average IQs, the differences in cognitive functioning between participants with and without ASD on the lower end of the IQ spectrum were less pronounced. Clinically this may imply that cognitive assessment and training of cognitive skills in below average intelligent children with ASD may be a less fruitful endeavour. These findings tentatively suggest that intelligence may act as a moderator in the cognitive presentation of ASD, with qualitatively different cognitive processes affected in patients at the high and low end of the IQ spectrum.
Software Design Decisions As Real Options

Despite their status as foundational concepts in software engineering, many software design decision-making principles and heuristics, such as information hiding and the delaying of design decisions, are still idiosyncratic, ad hoc, poorly integrated and not clearly based on any sound theory. In this paper, we develop an economics-based approach to providing a firmer foundation for software design decision-making heuristics. We start with the premise is that many software design decisions are essentially about when if ever to make irreversible but delayable investments of valuable resources in software assets of uncertain value. This formulation reveals an analogy between software design decisions andreal options,which are capital investment analogs of financial call options, for which there is a well-developed theory and body of knowledge. In particular, the theory of real options captures precisely the idea that there can be significant value in having flexibility to wait for better information before committing valuable resources to develop or obtain assets. The options-theoretic nature of many software design decisions allows us to bring option theory to bear on an analysis and refinement of critical, widely employed software design decision-making heuristics.
Joint time-frequency synchronization and channel estimation for FBMC

Preamble with repeated time domain blocks is a very common design for joint time and frequency synchronization in various communication systems and standards. While it is easy to design two or more repeated time domain blocks in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and some other systems, it is not straightforward to design filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) signal that has the repetition property in time domain, as FBMC modulation spreads one block of frequency domain signal into multiple blocks in time domain. In this paper, a new design is proposed for constructing repeated time domain blocks in FBMC. The preamble based on this design can be used for joint time-frequency synchronization and channel estimation as well. Extensive simulations are shown to verify the performance of the design.
Sequence Requirements for Viral RNA Replication and VPg Uridylylation Directed by the Internal cis-Acting Replication Element (cre) of Human Rhinovirus Type 14

ABSTRACT Until recently, the cis-acting signals required for replication of picornaviral RNAs were believed to be restricted to the 5′ and 3′ noncoding regions of the genome. However, an RNA stem-loop in the VP1-coding sequence of human rhinovirus type 14 (HRV-14) is essential for viral minus-strand RNA synthesis (K. L. McKnight and S. M. Lemon, RNA 4:1569-1584, 1998). The nucleotide sequence of the apical loop of this internal cis-acting replication element (cre) was critical for RNA synthesis, while secondary RNA structure, but not primary sequence, was shown to be important within the duplex stem. Similar cres have since been identified in other picornaviral genomes. These RNA segments appear to serve as template for the uridylylation of the genome-linked protein, VPg, providing the VPg-pUpU primer required for viral RNA transcription (A. V. Paul et al., J. Virol. 74:10359-10370, 2000). Here, we show that the minimal functional HRV-14 cre resides within a 33-nucleotide (nt) RNA segment that is predicted to form a simple stem-loop with a 14-nt loop sequence. An extensive mutational analysis involving every possible base substitution at each position within the loop segment defined the sequence that is required within this loop for efficient replication of subgenomic HRV-14 replicon RNAs. These results indicate that three consecutive adenosine residues (nt 2367 to 2369) within the 5′ half of this loop are critically important for cre function and suggest that a common RNNNAARNNNNNNR loop motif exists among the cre sequences of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. We found a direct, positive correlation between the capacity of mutated cres to support RNA replication and their ability to function as template in an in vitro VPg uridylylation reaction, suggesting that these functions are intimately linked. These data thus define more precisely the sequence and structural requirements of the HRV-14 cre and provide additional support for a model in which the role of the cre in RNA replication is to act as template for VPg uridylylation.
Electro-thermal instability in multi-cellular Trench-IGBTs in avalanche condition: Experiments and simulations

This paper reports on the results of a study on electro-thermal instability induced in multi-cellular Trench-IGBTs in avalanche condition. Experimental measurements, made on T-IGBTs, show possible inhomogeneous current distribution under Unclamped Inductive Switching (UIS) confirmed by transient infrared thermography measurements. Together with this, an analytical modeling of avalanche behavior has been included in a compact electro-thermal simulator to study the interaction between a large numbers of elementary cells of T-IGBTs forced in avalanche condition. Electro-thermal simulations qualitatively replicate the possible inhomogeneous operation observed experimentally. Finally a possible theoretical interpretation of the instability in avalanche condition for T-IGBT is given.
Introducing Health Information Systems to Aged Care in Vietnam

Similar to many other countries worldwide, Vietnam is facing a challenge of an ageing population. This challenge is even more difficult to overcome because Vietnam is a developing country lacking an established aged care infrastructure and system. Many aspects of aged care have largely been relied on families of aged people due to a strong influence of Confucian philosophy. Looking after aged parents has always been seen as a responsibility and filial piety of children and their extended families. Therefore, providing healthcare for aged people in their family and community context is important. The paper offers a rich description and an analysis of the current situation of the health state of and healthcare for aged people in Vietnam. The paper also suggests directions for integrating information communication technology into aged care in Vietnam.
Method for manufacturing whole‐genome microarrays by rolling circle amplification

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to metaphase chromosomes is a method for genome‐wide detection of chromosomal aberrations in DNA samples. Recent advances in microarray technology have improved CGH by replacing metaphase chromosomes with a collection of mapped genomic clones placed on glass slides. However, it is quite expensive and labor‐intensive to prepare DNA from the genomic clones for use in constructing genomic microarrays. Here we used strand‐displacement rolling circle amplification (RCA) to manufacture whole‐genome microarrays by using a collection of about 4,500 mapped RPCI‐11 BAC clones that cover the human genome at approximately a 1‐Mb resolution. These genomic microarrays detected all major chromosomal aberrations in cancer cells lines and in cell lines with aneuploidy. In this article, we discuss the advantages of using RCA for the manufacturing of large genomic microarrays. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adaptive learning for improving semantic tagging of scientific articles

In this paper we consider a problem of automatic labeling of textual data with concepts explicitly defined in an external knowledge base. We describe our tagging system and we also present a framework for adaptive learning of associations between terms or phrases from the texts and the concepts. Those associations are then utilized by our semantic interpreter, which is based on the Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA) method, in order to label scientific articles indexed by our SONCA platform. Apart from the description of the learning algorithm, we show a few practical application examples of our system, in which it was used for tagging scientific articles with headings from the MeSH ontology, categories from ACM Computing Classification System and from OECD Fields of Science and Technology Classification.
Automatically inferring concern code from program investigation activities

When performing a program evolution task, developers typically spend a significant amount of effort investigating and reinvestigating source code. To reduce this effort, we propose a technique to automatically infer the essence of program investigation activities as a set of concern descriptions. The concern descriptions produced by our technique list methods and fields of importance in the context of the investigation of an object-oriented system. A developer can rely on this information to perform the change task at hand, or at a later stage for a change that involves the same concerns. The technique involves applying an algorithm to a transcript of a program investigation session. The transcript lists which pieces of source code were accessed by a developer when investigating a program and how the different pieces of code were accessed. We applied the technique to data obtained from program investigation activities for five subjects involved in two different program evolution tasks. The results show that relevant concerns can be identified with a manageable level of noise.
Serological Differentiation of Infections with Dengue Virus Serotypes 1 to 4 by Using Recombinant Antigens

ABSTRACT The B domains of dengue virus serotypes 1 to 4 were expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified proteins were applied to immunoblot strips to detect serotype-specific antibodies in paired serum samples from 41 patients with primary and secondary dengue infections. A close correlation between the results obtained with the immunoblot strips and by type-specific reverse transcription-PCR (T. Laue, P. Emmerich, and H. Schmitz, J. Clin. Microbiol. 37:2543-2547, 1999) was observed.
Modeling the impact of reproductive mode on masting

Abstract Masting is defined as the intermittent highly variable production of seed in a plant population. According to reproductive modes, that is, sexual and asexual reproduction, masting species can be separated into three groups, that is, (1) species, for example, bamboo, flower only once before they die; (2) species, for example, Fagus, reproduce sexually; and (3) species, for example, Stipa tenacissima, reproduce both sexually and asexually. Several theories have been proposed to explore the underlying mechanisms of masting. However, to our knowledge, no theory has been found to explain the mechanism of masting species that reproduce both sexually and asexually. Here we refine the Resource Budget Model by considering a trade‐off between sexual and asexual reproduction. Besides the depletion efficient (i.e., the ratio of the cost of seed setting and the cost of flowering), other factors, such as the annual remaining resource (i.e., the rest of the resource from the photosynthetic activity after allocating to growth and maintenance), the trade‐off between sexual and asexual reproduction, and the reproductive thresholds, also affect masting. Moreover, two potential reproductive strategies are found to explain the mechanisms: (1) When the annual remaining resource is relatively low, plants reproduce asexually and a part of the resource is accumulated as the cost of asexual reproduction is less than the annual remaining resource. Plants flower and set fruits once the accumulated resource exceeds the threshold of sexual reproduction; (2) when the annual remaining resource is relatively high, and the accumulated resource surpasses the threshold of sexual reproduction, masting occurs. Remarkably, under certain depletion efficient, more investigation in sexual reproduction will lead plants to reproduce periodically. Additionally, plants investigate less resource to reproduce periodically when depletion efficient keeps increasing as plants can reproduce efficiently. Overall, our study provides new insights into the interpretation of masting, especially for species that reproduce both sexually and asexually.
Effect of Aminoguanidine on Functional and Structural Abnormalities in Peripheral Nerve of STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats

Nonenzymatic glycosylation of structural proteins and the formation of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) have been involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. We examined the effect of aminoguanidine, a potent inhibitor of AGE formation, on functional and structural abnormalities in peripheral nerve of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were treated with daily injections of 25 mg/kg body wt s.c. aminoguanidine (AG)-sulfate for 16 wk and compared to untreated diabetic rats. AG treatment improved motor nerve conduction velocity in 12- and 16-wk diabetic rats despite no changes in body weight, blood glucose, and HbAIc levels. AG treatment inhibited an accumulation of fluorescent AGE in diabetic nerves, and morphometric analysis of the sural nerve showed a partial effect on myelinated fiber size and axonal atrophy. These findings suggest that AG may have a beneficial effect on diabetic neuropathy and nonenzymatic glycosylation of peripheral nerve proteins.
Automated type specific ELISA probe detection of amplified NS3 gene products of dengue viruses.

AIM: To apply an automated system of nucleic acid hybridisation coupled with the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the type specific detection of amplification products of dengue viruses. METHODS: Non-structural 3 (NS3) gene targets of reference strains of all four dengue and other flaviviruses, as well as dengue patient viraemic sera, were subjected to reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction using consensus and dengue type specific primers and digoxigenin-11-dUTP label incorporation. The amplification products were detected by biotinylated type specific primers which served as ELISA capture probes bound to streptavidin coated tubes. RESULTS: Significantly high spectrophotometric absorbance readings were obtained by hybridisation of the consensus and seminested amplification products of all four dengue viruses with their respective capture probes. In contrast, extremely low absorbances were observed for consensus products of Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and Kunjin viruses, which served as negative controls. These ELISA data correlated well with agarose gel electrophoresis of dengue type specific amplified products of diagnostic sizes. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of in vitro amplification and antibody based detection offers rapid, type specific, high throughput, and gel-free detection of amplified products of dengue viruses.
An Approximation of the Analytical Solution of the Jeffery-Hamel Flow by Homotopy Analysis Method

Paper the Jeffery-Hamel flow-a nonlinear equation of 3rd order-is studied by homotopy perturbation method. After introducing homotopy perturbation method and the way of obtaining Adomian’s polynomial, we solved the problem for divergent and convergent channel. Finally, velocity distribution and shear stress constant is depicted at various Reynolds numbers and comparing our results with some earlier works, illustrated their excellent accuracy.
Convex optimization approach to observer-based stabilization of linear systems with parameter uncertainties

In this paper we investigate the design of observer-based controller for uncertain linear systems. On the basis of the approach using the Lyapunov theory jointly with linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), and by handling judiciously the Young relation, we derive new sufficient linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions for the asymptotic stabilizability. The proposed method allows to compute simultaneously the observer and controller gains by solving only one LMI. The developed approach is then extended to both continuous-time systems with parameter uncertainties and their Euler approximation models. We show that our approach contains, as a particular solution, the elegant results established in [1]. A numerical example is provided to compare with respect to some existing methods.