Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Value Creation in High-Tech: The Case of the Telecommunication Sector

Innovation makes investors dream about the future performances of the firm when the expected profitability is greater then the cost of capital. In this case, the company creates value and satisfies its shareholders. The valuation of an innovative project should indeed increase with the value created. In order to examine this hypothesis we focused on the telecommunications sector because of the inverted "v" curve it went through in the past four years in terms of valuation. After defining the methodology, we analyse first the key structural financial items that had an impact on value creation, based on the year 2001 accounts. Secondly, we examine the impact of value creation on the financial performances of the firm (from 1998 to 2002). Our results show that the assets and the structure of the capital have a strong impact on the value creation regarding the nature of the redeployment opportunities. We observed also that value creation has a strong impact on companies' performances but surprisingly only when the market is collapsing.
An Investigation of Auditor and Client Tenure

The purpose of this study is to examine the duration of the auditor’s relationship with a client and factors that affect audit firm tenure. The duration of the auditor and client relationship has been cited as possibly affecting the risk of a loss of auditor independence. Also, audit firm tenure has been used as an independent variable in several studies with variations on the characterization of a “long auditor‐client association. ” However, little is known about the duration of the auditor’s relationship with a client. Generally, no empirical justification is provided for the treatment of the variable and no consideration is included for auditor or client factors that may affect the relationship. This study evaluates the duration of the auditor relationship with a client and determines which factors contribute to changes in that relationship. In an examination of 16,976 COMPUSTAT companies over a twentyyear period, the mean duration of audit tenure is found to be more than six years. However, audit tenure is affected by client size, client growth rate, and type of audit firm involved in the change of auditor. Audit tenure is not affected by audit firm size, client risk, or audit opinion.
Does A Real Devaluation Improve The Balance Of Trade?: Empirics From Bangladesh Economy

Similar to many other developing countries Bangladesh, which is the country of my concern, has been pursuing an active exchange rate policy basically to maintain a viable external account position, and competitiveness of its products in world market. The purpose of the study is, therefore, to estimate the impact of real devaluation on country's trade balance. The study constructs nominal and real effective exchange rates which are not readily available for the country. Using multivariate cointegration tests for non-stationary data, the error correction model, and impulse response functions the paper examines the impact of exchange rate policy in both short-and long-run. The estimated results demonstrate that real exchange rate has a significant positive impact on trade balance in the long-run. Thus, currency devaluation has been a significant stimulus for country's exports growth and improvement in current account position. However, the J-curve hypothesis can be explained as the appropriate phenomenon to improve its trade balance in response to exchange rate devaluation.
Long Term Outcome of Conservative Management or Surgical Treatment of Bovine Spastic Paresis: 79 Cases.

OBJECTIVE To report the long term clinical outcome of calves treated surgically or managed conservatively for bovine spastic paresis of the gastrocnemius (BSP-G), quadriceps femoris muscle (BSP-Q), or mixed muscle involvement (BSP-M). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case study. ANIMALS Calves (n = 79) with bovine spastic paresis. METHODS Medical records of calves treated by partial tibial neurectomy or managed conservatively for bovine spastic paresis were analyzed for sex, breed, lineage history, and the onset, duration, and severity of clinical signs. Cases were classified as unilateral or bilateral BSP-G, BSP-Q, or BSP-M. Long term follow-up information was obtained by telephone questionnaire. RESULTS The study group included 26 BSP-G (33%), 16 BSP-Q (20%), and 37 BSP-M (47%) calves. BSP-M and BSP-Q calves were significantly more bilaterally affected compared to BSP-G calves. Twenty-five of 26 BSP-G calves were treated surgically; 86% had complete resolution of clinical signs. Twenty-nine of 37 BSP-M calves were treated surgically; 81.5% improved, but none completely recovered. In all of the conservatively managed BSP-M calves, clinical signs gradually worsened. None of the BSP-Q calves were treated surgically; in 66.7%, clinical signs gradually worsened and 33.3% of calves spontaneously improved. CONCLUSION Partial tibial neurectomy is advocated for the treatment of BSP-G and in selected cases of BSP-M. However, only partial resolution of clinical signs should be expected for BSP-M. No surgical treatment exists for BSP-Q calves, although spontaneous improvement is possible.
New Evidence on the Impact of Legal Status on Immigrant Labor Market Performance: The Spanish Case

Using a recent and rich Spanish data set on immigrants, we examine the impact of legal status on two measures of labor market performance: the likelihood of being employed and earnings. The Spanish case is of special interest given the rapid increase in immigration over the past 15 years and the large number of amnesties granted during the 1990s and 2000s. We find that a 10 per cent increase in the share of legal immigrants would raise the overall employment likelihood of immigrants by 4 percentage points and their earnings by 3.3 per cent. The results, which prove robust to alternative sample specifications, confirm the well‐known importance of being legal for the economic assimilation of immigrants.
Emergence Of Electricity Crisis In Zimbabwe, Reform Response And Cost Implications

Zimbabwe's electricity sector requires substantial investment and reforms if adequate supply is to be attained. Power outages have been high and are still affecting firms (industry), famers, mines and households. Zimbabwe imports about 50% of its electricity needs, with total current demand of over 2100MW compared to available capacity from internal sources of 1100MW. The local generation capacity is constrained by lack of spares, maintenance, vandalism and obsolete equipment. The country has a staggering electricity debt to regional power utilities; Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) with other members cutting power supply. Zimbabwe's electricity is generated internally from hydro power (Kariba) and thermal power plants (Hwange). Tariff reforms implemented failed to solve the problem. The damage caused the crisis is severe with both direct and indirect cost being experienced.
No Brain Perfusion Impairment at Long-term Follow-up In Elderly Patients Treated With Electroconvulsive Therapy for Major Depression

No functional neuroimaging study has previously assessed the long-term effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on brain perfusion. In this study, long-term follow-up brain perfusion in elderly patients treated with ECT for severe unipolar major depression was assessed. In 14 elderly major depressed patients who were ECT remitters, 22 elderly major depressed patients who were pharmacological treatment remitters and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, a medication-free brain 9mTc-HMPAO-SPECT was performed after a minimum period of 12 months of euthymia and, in the case of the ECT remitters, at least 12 months after the last ECT session. Brain perfusion ratios in major depressed patients administered ECT were similar to those in major depressed patients receiving pharmacological treatment and in control subjects. This result suggests that elderly patients given ECT for severe unipolar major depression do not suffer brain perfusion abnormalities at long-term follow-up. Our study adds new evidence in favor of the safety of the ECT, particularly in elderly subjects.
Sum-Product Autoencoding: Encoding and Decoding Representations Using Sum-Product Networks

Sum-Product Networks (SPNs) are a deep probabilistic architecture that up to now has been successfully employed for tractable inference. Here, we extend their scope towards unsupervised representation learning: we encode samples into continuous and categorical embeddings and show that they can also be decoded back into the original input space by leveraging MPE inference. We characterize when this Sum-Product Autoencoding (SPAE) leads to equivalent reconstructions and extend it towards dealing with missing embedding information. Our experimental results on several multi-label classification problems demonstrate that SPAE is competitive with state-of-the-art autoencoder architectures, even if the SPNs were never trained to reconstruct their inputs.
The Impact of Corporate Reputation and Reputation Damaging Events on Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from the Literature

Corporate reputation and reputation risk are becoming increasingly relevant for firms, also caused by its relevance for firm value. In this context, this paper provides a comprehensive survey of empirical evidence in the literature regarding the relation between reputation damaging events, corporate reputation, and corporate financial performance, thereby also taking into account stakeholder behavior. The review is also intended to determine to what extent the current literature allows a holistic understanding of these relationships in the sense of the causal chain of events, which is of high relevance when managing reputation and reputation risk. Thus, focus is first laid on empirical evidence regarding the impact of corporate reputation on stakeholder behavior and on financial performance. Next, the event study literature regarding the effect of reputation damaging events on corporate reputation and financial performance is reviewed, and, finally, implications for risk management are discussed along with the need for future research.
Gastric Cryptosporidiosis in Freshwater Angelfish (Pterophyllum Scalare)

A freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) hatchery experienced variable levels of emaciation, poor growth rates, swollen coelomic cavities, anorexia, listlessness, and increased mortality within their fish. Multiple chemotherapeutic trials had been attempted without success. In affected fish, large numbers of protozoa were identified both histologically and ultrastructurally associated with the gastric mucosa. The youngest cohort of parasitized fish was the most severely affected and demonstrated the greatest morbidity and mortality. The protozoa were morphologically most consistent with Cryptosporidium. All of the protozoan life stages were identified ultrastructurally and protozoal genomic DNA was isolated from parasitized tissue viscera and sequenced. Histological, ultrastructural, genetic, and phylogenetic analyses confirmed this protozoal organism to be a novel species of Cryptosporidium.
A Proposal to Classify Latinamerican Scientific Journals using Citation Indicators: Case Study in Colombia

Colombian scientific journals are poorly represented in international digital libraries; however, through Google Scholar (GS) it is possible to determine their use by the community. Between the years of 2003 and 2007 a classification of 185 Colombian journals indexed in the Colombian National Bibliographical Index (IBNP) was performed using the information provided by GS, basing categorization on size indicators, indexation and citation. The indicators were analyzed by grouping the journals in two general areas: sciences and social sciences. In each area, the indicators provided by the digital libraries Scopus, Redalyc and Scielo were compared. Additionally, the indicators provided by IBNP journals categories (A1, A2, B and C) were also compared. The sciences and social sciences had a similar pattern in their indicators. The existence of positive correlations was established between some indicators and they predicted that the number of citations per journal in GS and the h index depends on its visibility in GS and Scopus. We put forward that the current IBNP categories (A1, A2, B or C) faintly reflect the use of journals by the community and we propose a classification based on the h index as an infometric indicator, which reflects not only its visibility in Google Scholar, but also its inclusion in certain international digital libraries, particularly Scopus. Our results may be applied to the creation of public policies regarding science and technology in Colombia and in developing countries.
Equivalent Black volatilities

We consider European calls and puts on an asset whose forward price F(t) obeys dF(t)=α(t)A(F)dW(t,) under the forward measure. By using singular perturbation techniques, we obtain explicit algebraic formulas for the implied volatility σ B in terms of today's forward price F 0 ≡ F(0), the strike K of the option, and the time to expiry tex . The price of any call or put can then be calculated simply by substituting this implied volatility into Black's formula. For example, for a power law (constant elasticity of variance) model dF(t)=aFβ dW(t) we obtain σ B = a/f aυ 1− β {1 + (1−β)(2+β)/24 (F 0 − K/f aυ)2 + (1 − β)2/24 a 2 tex /f aυ 2−2β +…} where f aυ = ½(F 0 + K). Our formula for the implied volatility is not exact. However, we show that the error is insignificant, rarely approaching 1/1000 of the time value of the option. We also present more accurate (albeit more complicated) formulas which can be used for the implied volatility.
DEVELOPING A PROCESS INNOVATION WORK PROCESS: THE LKAB EXPERIENCE

It goes without saying that most companies today need a product innovation work process. The importance of process innovation in many sectors of the process industries should, however, make the development of a process innovation work process a growing concern in many process-based companies. This case study describes the development of such a work process at LKAB, a producer of high-quality iron ore pellets mainly for the European steel industry. Starting with a previously published conceptual model of the work process from a research project in other process industries, the development work is initially introduced in detail. The complete work process is then presented together with a cross-functional process map, checklists and a supplementary process description. The development of the work processes was a combination of a recording of LKAB's best practices coupled with the use of externally published research results and information on work process development. Finally, experience from the development and organisational implementation is discussed. It is the opinion of the project group that if properly applied, this work process will give structure, methodological guidance and efficiency in process innovation. But reaping those rewards will require persistence and discipline at all levels of the company. The purpose of this article is to provide theoretical insight and practical guidance on how to develop an innovation work process in the process industries, specifically, a process innovation work process. The successful development of this work process was considered of such importance to LKAB technology and business development that it resulted in an overall top management initiative to develop and improve all company innovation work processes, with a view to improving innovation output, project management efficiency and organisational learning.
Modelling and Analysis of Nonstationary Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Channels with Time-Variant Angles of Arrival

In mobile radio channel modelling, it is generally assumed that the angles of arrival (AOAs) are independent of time. This assumption does not in general agree with real-world channels in which the AOAs vary with the position of a moving receiver. In this paper, we first present a mathematical model for the time-variant AOAs. This model serves as the basis for the development of two nonstationary multipath fading channels models for vehicle-to-infrastructure communications. The statistical properties of both channel models are analysed with emphasis on the time-dependent autocorrelation function (ACF), time-dependent mean Doppler shift, time-dependent Doppler spread, and the Wigner-Ville spectrum. It is shown that these characteristic quantities are greatly influenced by time-variant AOAs. The presented analytical framework provides a new view on the channel characteristics that goes well beyond ultra-short observation intervals over which the channel can be considered as wide-sense stationary.
HMGB1 genetic polymorphisms are biomarkers for the development and progression of breast cancer

Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein found in all mammal eukaryotic cells that participates in tumor progression, migration and metastasis. HMGB1 overexpression has been indicated in breast cancer patients. However, scant information is available regarding the association between HMGB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk or prognosis of breast cancer. We report on the association between 4 SNPs of the HMGB1 gene (rs1360485, rs1045411, rs2249825 and rs1412125) and breast cancer susceptibility as well as clinical outcomes in 313 patients with breast cancer and in 217 healthy controls. Patients with one G allele in the rs1360485 or rs2249825 domains are likely to progress to T2 tumor and lymph node metastasis. In addition, the presence of one G allele in SNPs rs1360485 or rs2249825 was associated with a higher risk of progressing to T2 tumor and distant metastasis amongst HER2-enriched and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors compared with luminal A and luminal B tumors. Furthermore, having one C allele in the rs1412125 domain increased the risk of pathologic grade 3 disease in HER2-enriched and TNBC tumors. Our results indicate that genetic variations in the HMGB1 gene may serve as an important predictor of breast cancer progression and metastasis.
Theory and Tests of Generalized Purchasing‐Power Parity: Common Trends and Real Exchange Rates In the Pacific Rim

The paper develops the theory of generalized purchasing-power parity (G-PPP) to explain the “stylized facts” of real exchange-rate behavior. the fundamental economic variables determining real exchange rates are nonstationary; thus, real rates are nonstationary. If the fundamentals are sufficiently integrated, as in a currency area, the real rates will share common trends. the theory is tested using the Pacific Rim nations. It is shown that G-PPP holds between each of the Pacific Rim nations and the large industrialized countries. There is only mild evidence that G-PPP holds among the Pacific Rim nations as a group.
American Government Expenditures: A Historical Perspective

American Government Expenditures: A Historical Perspective Author(s): Douglass C. North and John Joseph Wallis Source: The American Economic Review, Vol. 72, No. 2, Papers and Proceedings of the NinetyFourth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association (May, 1982), pp. 336-340 Published by: American Economic Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor. org/stable/1802354 . Accessed: 11/04/2011 17:41
The Determination of Expenditure On Consumer Durables

This article presents some alternative models of consumers' expenditure on durable goods and examines some general issues of econometric model building. In the preferred model, income, the change in liquid assets and the real cost of credit have a substantial effect on durables expenditure. Hence, both fiscal policy instruments such as a change in the rate of income tax and monetary variables such as nominal interest rates and sterling M3 influence durables expenditure.
A Multi QoS Genetic-Based Adaptive Routing In Wireless Mesh Networks With Pareto Solutions

Wireless Mesh Networks(WMN) is an active research topic for wireless networks designers and researchers. Routing has been studied in the last two decades in the field of optimization due to various applications in WMN. In this paper, Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) for identifying the shortest path in WMN satisfying multi- QoS measure is introduced. The proposed algorithm is adaptive in the sense that it uses various selection methods during the reproduction process and the one with the best multi-QoS measure is adopted in that generation . The multi-objective QoS measure defined as the combination of the minimum number of hops, minimum delay, and maximum bandwidth. The multi-objective optimization has been formulated and solved using weighted sum approach and Pareto optimal solution techniques. The simulation experiments have been carried out in MATLAB environment with a wireless network modeled as weighted graph of fifty nodes and node coverage equals to 200 meter, and the outcomes demonstrated that the proposed AGA performs well and finds the shortest route of the WMN proficiently, rapidly, and adapts to the dynamic nature of the wireless network and satisfying all of the constraints and objective measures imposed on the networks.
Neighborhood Effects Of Physical Interventions To Abandoned Housing

Many communities are facing new challenges due to the foreclosure crisis in terms of code enforcement and community stabilization. Older, industrial cities have been dealing with the effects of housing abandonment for many years. Previous studies have collected the best practices and prevailing trends for interventions to vacant and abandoned properties. Theoretical and quantitative evidence suggests that abandoned properties pose serious threats to the health and safety of surrounding neighborhoods. This study attempts to evaluate whether the physical interventions performed to abandoned homes can abate these adverse consequences. A survey of code enforcement officers in large, American cities along with Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis were performed to see this goal. The results suggest that maintenance interventions are able to abate neighborhood rates of fire and crime incidence to a much greater degree than demolition. This study is exploratory in nature and further research will be needed to quantify and better understand these results.
Joint multi-feature hyperspectral image classification with spatial constraint in semantic manifold

This paper presents a novel method for hyperspectral classification combining multiple features and exploiting spatial information at the same time. We proposed a supervised classification method under the Markov random field (MRF)-based framework. Firstly using the probability SVM to map multiple features from different low-level subspace to the same semantic space (probability space), then integrating these features in semantic space with MRF-based model to enforce a smooth and accurate representation, in addition the manifold distance has been used in MRF-based model to measure the similarity of two point. To further improve the classification accuracy, a new approach of building the adaptive neighborhood has been proposed and used in our method. As our model is a derivable and convex problem, gradient descent can be used to solve this problem with less computational and time cost. Experimental results on real hyperspectral dataset shows that the proposed method provides improved classification accuracy in terms of the overall accuracy, average accuracy and kappa statistic.