Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A linear-time approximation algorithm for weighted matchings in graphs

Approximation algorithms have so far mainly been studied for problems that are not known to have polynomial time algorithms for solving them exactly. Here we propose an approximation algorithm for the weighted matching problem in graphs which can be solved in polynomial time. The weighted matching problem is to find a matching in an edge weighted graph that has maximum weight. The first polynomial-time algorithm for this problem was given by Edmonds in 1965. The fastest known algorithm for the weighted matching problem has a running time of O(nm+n2log n). Many real world problems require graphs of such large size that this running time is too costly. Therefore, there is considerable need for faster approximation algorithms for the weighted matching problem. We present a linear-time approximation algorithm for the weighted matching problem with a performance ratio arbitrarily close to 2/3. This improves the previously best performance ratio of 1/2. Our algorithm is not only of theoretical interest, but because it is easy to implement and the constants involved are quite small it is also useful in practice.
An Open-Loop Double-Carrier Simultaneous Wireless Power and Data Transfer System

In this brief, an open-loop double-carrier simultaneous wireless power and data transfer system is presented. Although the system is intended for implantable biomedical microsystems, it can also be used for other low-power applications such as Internet of Things (IoT). In the proposed system, uplink data communication (from the implant to the outside of the body) is implemented by switching a capacitor on the implant site. This switching results in changing the resonance frequency between two different frequencies during different periods of time. To keep the power transfer efficiency (PTE) and the power delivered to the load (PDL) almost constant, two external power transmitters, each working at its own distinct frequency, are employed. The closed-loop control unit, which is commonly used to synchronize the timing between transmitter and receiver, is avoided to enhance the overall performance, including the data rate and efficiency, and to reduce the complexity of the system. In a proof-of-concept prototype, about 44 mW of power is transmitted to a 750 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\Omega }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> resistive load over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f_{1} = 1.93}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MHz and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {f_{2} = 1.44}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MHz with an average efficiency of 39%. A data rate of 50 kb/s has also been achieved for the uplink telemetry.
Dynamic Stochastic Model for Converging Inbound Air Traffic

Weather accounts for the majority of congestion in the National Airspace System, which highlights the importance of addressing weather uncertainty to mitigate delays. First, this paper presents a new dynamic stochastic integer programming model that studies the single-airport ground-holding problem with respect to uncertainty in the separation between flights instead of airport acceptance rate. The current model is able to provide a more accurate schedule expressed in minutes for the individual flight. Second, a converging inbound air traffic model is formulated based on the current model. This paper addresses a problem involving the merging of two inbound streams into a single airport in which uncertainty in separation from minutes-in-trail restrictions is considered. Although the “first-come/first-served” policy is still obeyed by flights on the same path, the experimentation has shown that allowing flights on different paths to switch arrival orders can help reduce the total delays. Finally, in order t.
Statistical Analysis and Forecasting Models for Stock Market

In the present era of the world, Stock market has become the place of high risks, but even then it is attracting the mass because of its high return value. Stock market tells about the economy of any country. Today, Stock market has become one of the biggest investment place for general public. In this manuscript we put forward the various forecasting approaches for predicting the BSE SENSEX using various forecasting models like ARIMA, BoxCox, Exponential Smoothing, Mean Forecasting, Naive, Seasonal Naive, Neural Network, and then comparing their mean error for deducing the best suitable model. The analysis is done on the Bombay Stock Exchange(BSE) SENSEX. Results of this analysis shows that, the Exponential smoothing and Neural network gives the best results if we compare the mean error of the both models with the other models.
Situational Strength as a Means of Conceptualizing Context

Kanfer (2009) argues that “context” is an important consideration in the study of motivated behavior, but our knowledge of contextual constructs is immature and in need of considerable development. We agree and build on her position by proposing that situational strength (Hough & Oswald, 2008; Mischel, 1977) has the potential to help conceptualize what Johns (2006) calls “discrete context” (i.e., the particular task, social, and physical variables that influence motivation, attitudes, and behavior). The present article briefly describes situational strength, discusses its operationalization and measurement, explores its implications for practice, and describes two research questions that fall within Pasteur’s Quadrant (Stokes, 1997).
Comparative Study of DC/DC Bidirectional SEPIC Converter with Different Controllers

Due to environmental concern, modern science is taking more interest in renewable energy usage. Therefore, a lot of research work is going on hybrid electric vehicles, electric vehicles, solar PV modules etc. For that an efficient bidirectional converter is needed to transfer the energy in both directions. This paper demonstrates a dc/dc bidirectional SEPIC converter with Type-III and Internal Model Control (IMC) controller. At first the modelling of SEPIC converter is done using MATLAB/Simulink software. Then the closed loop controller is obtained using sisotool and the system response is obtained with both controllers. Finally, the simulation results are presented by comparing with each other and it is seen that the converter controlled by IMC controller have better response as compare to Type-III controlled converter and work properly in case of converter having right hand pole in the open loop transfer function.
Systematic Survey on Sentiment Analysis

Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining have been of great interest to the researchers during recent years. It is the process of classifying the opinions or sentiments according to the polarity of the text into positive, neutral and negative. Most of the organizations and industries highly depend on data analytics for their planning and decisionmaking process. Opinion mining and sentiment analysis have great importance in our day-to-day decision making from purchasing products and services to making investments. In this survey, we briefly incorporated the approaches and techniques proposed by researchers in recent investigations along with the issue related to sentiment analysis and opinion mining.
Evaluation of the tumor-brain interface of intracranial meningiomas on MR imaging including FLAIR images.

PURPOSE The usefulness of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging for the evaluation of brain diseases has been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the brain-meningioma interface with MRI including FLAIR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study involved 48 patients with 50 intracranial meningiomas. We retrospectively evaluated the brain-meningioma interface by various imaging method including FLAIR. If a thin layer with a signal intensity different from that of the tumor and brain was observed in the areas of the tumor-brain interface in T(1)-weighted IR (T(1)WIR) and T(2)-weighted turbo SE (T(2)WTSE) images, we defined this structure as the rim. The presence or absence of the rim and the signal intensity were evaluated, and the length and the signal intensity of the rim observed with FLAIR and contrast-enhanced T(1)WIR (CE-T(1)WIR) images were evaluated. RESULTS In 35 of the 50 lesions (70.0%), the rim was observed in the tumor-brain interface as a layer of low signal intensity in T(1)WIR images and high signal intensity in T(2)WTSE images. In 13 lesions (26.0%), no rim was detected. Flow voids were observed at the tumor-brain interface in 20 of the 50 lesions (40.0%). No rim showed a low signal intensity of the tumor-brain interface in both T(1)WIR and T(2)WTSE images. The rim exhibited an iso-to-high signal intensity compared to the tumor parenchyma in FLAIR images and an enhanced signal intensity in CE-T(1)WIR images. In contrast to T(1)WIR images, the rim in FLAIR images tended to be identified across the entire circumference. CONCLUSION The rim at the brain-meningioma interface revealed as low signal intensity in T(1)WIR images and high signal intensity in T(2)WTSE images, which was conventionally considered to be the CSF cleft, was often revealed in FLAIR images as high signal intensity compared to the tumor parenchyma, and an enhanced signal intensity in CE-T(1)WIR images. Therefore, the presence of CSF in such rims is unlikely, and the rims might reflect the capsule structure of the tumor surface.
Complex Responsive Processes: An Alternative Interpretation of Knowledge, Knowing, and Understanding

This paper offers as an alternative theoretical perspective to the growing collection of commentaries on and studies of certain complex dynamical phenomena—human knowledge and knowing. Specifically, this is an introduction to another complexity‐related theoretical framework known as “complex responsive processes” (CRP). CRP draws upon certain conceptual ideas from the complexity sciences as a source domain for analogies with particular characteristics of human interaction. The central concern is for how individual and collective identities arise, how such identities are related, and how they change. In this paper, an overview of certain key conceptual ideas from the complexity sciences in relation to CRP will be reviewed to situate CRP on the larger theoretical landscape of complex dynamical phenomena. In the end, this paper will examine some implications for such a framework on the ways in which certain aspects of human knowledge and knowing might relate to contexts of pedagogy: in particular, this paper examines the place of knowledge, knowing, and understanding in terms of the CRP structure of gesture‐and‐response or “effect” as opposed to “affect. ”
Energy-aware relay selection for multiuser relay networks

We consider a dual-hop relay network with multiple source-destination (S-D) pairs and multiple relays, where amplify-and-forward relaying strategy is applied and transmission among S-D pairs takes place simultaneously. Network lifetime in this scenario is defined as the time interval over which successful transmission of all S-D pairs through selected relays can be maintained. We aim at designing relay selection to maximize the network lifetime for given data rate requirements of all the S-D pairs. Without knowledge of future channel states, we design relay selection algorithms to maximize perceived network lifetime at the current time. The perceived network lifetime maximization is shown to be a max-min optimization problem. We propose a priority search algorithm which is shown to provide the optimal solution with linear complexity in the number of relays. Furthermore, we propose a suboptimal priority-based selection strategy, the “worst-case” greedy algorithm, with complexity linear in the number of relays and quadratic in the number of S-D pairs. Simulation results show that the performance loss of the “worst-case” greedy algorithm is negligible as compared to the optimal relay selection solution.
Enhancing edge-based image descriptor models through colour unification

The lack of suitable robust appearance models hinders the performance of most image descriptors. Descriptors often rely on pieces of information in images called image features to discriminate the contents of images. Most successful descriptors use gradient images for determining the overall shapes of objects. Consequently, the inferred features are often susceptible to the noise caused by shadows, reflections and inner textures within the object. Significant efforts have been made towards improving the performance of image classifiers, yet generic object detection remains an open problem. In this paper, a method aimed at improving existing appearance models is proposed. The focus is on enhancing the acquired information at fundamental stages to improve the robustness of common statistical learning classifiers, as seen with the work of Holger Winnemoller et al. with human subjects.The selective Gaussian blur filter was applied to several human classification datasets to reduce the amount of ambiguous low-frequency noise. Experiments were then conducted to determine whether the unification of similar colours in local image regions could improve the acquired image features. The classification results that were obtained with the processed images were competitive to the results obtained with the original images, however inconclusive for demonstrating the benefits of image smoothing.
Harmonization Process and Reliability Assessment of Anthropometric Measurements in the Elderly EXERNET Multi-Centre Study

Background The elderly EXERNET multi-centre study aims to collect normative anthropometric data for old functionally independent adults living in Spain. Purpose To describe the standardization process and reliability of the anthropometric measurements carried out in the pilot study and during the final workshop, examining both intra- and inter-rater errors for measurements. Materials and Methods A total of 98 elderly from five different regions participated in the intra-rater error assessment, and 10 different seniors living in the city of Toledo (Spain) participated in the inter-rater assessment. We examined both intra- and inter-rater errors for heights and circumferences. Results For height, intra-rater technical errors of measurement (TEMs) were smaller than 0.25 cm. For circumferences and knee height, TEMs were smaller than 1 cm, except for waist circumference in the city of Cáceres. Reliability for heights and circumferences was greater than 98% in all cases. Inter-rater TEMs were 0.61 cm for height, 0.75 cm for knee-height and ranged between 2.70 and 3.09 cm for the circumferences measured. Inter-rater reliabilities for anthropometric measurements were always higher than 90%. Conclusion The harmonization process, including the workshop and pilot study, guarantee the quality of the anthropometric measurements in the elderly EXERNET multi-centre study. High reliability and low TEM may be expected when assessing anthropometry in elderly population.
Synchronization of the Neural Response to Noisy Periodic Synaptic Input

The timing information contained in the response of a neuron to noisy periodic synaptic input is analyzed for the leaky integrate-and-fire neural model. We address the question of the relationship between the timing of the synaptic inputs and the output spikes. This requires an analysis of the interspike interval distribution of the output spikes, which is obtained in the gaussian approximation. The conditional output spike density in response to noisy periodic input is evaluated as a function of the initial phase of the inputs. This enables the phase transition matrix to be calculated, which relates the phase at which the output spike is generated to the initial phase of the inputs. The interspike interval histogram and the period histogram for the neural response to ongoing periodic input are then evaluated by using the leading eigenvector of this phase transition matrix. The synchronization index of the output spikes is found to increase sharply as the inputs become synchronized. This enhancement of synchronization is most pronounced for large numbers of inputs and lower frequencies of modulation and also for rates of input near the critical input rate. However, the mutual information between the input phase of the stimulus and the timing of output spikes is found to decrease at low input rates as the number of inputs increases. The results show close agreement with those obtained from numerical simulations for large numbers of inputs.
Exact and approximate sum representations for the Dirichlet process

The Dirichlet process can be regarded as a random probability measure for which the authors examine various sum representations. They consider in particular the gamma process construction of Ferguson (1973) and the “stick‐breaking” construction of Sethuraman (1994). They propose a Dirichlet finite sum representation that strongly approximates the Dirichlet process. They assess the accuracy of this approximation and characterize the posterior that this new prior leads to in the context of Bayesian nonpara‐metric hierarchical models.
Fast In-Memory Computation of Boolean Functions in Memristive Crossbar Array

Modern computing paradigms like in-memory computing have increasingly become popular among emerging non-volatile memories such as memristor. In this paper, a synthesis approach using the MAGIC design style has been proposed to map two-level Boolean functions in memristive crossbar array. The proposed synthesis approach exploits parallelism offered by the crossbar array to reduce latency. Our evaluation shows that though this approach consumes more area; however, the delay is reduced to a great extent. The method results in a design that is faster as compared to existing stateful logic designs as demonstrated for an N-bit adder. SPICE simulation has been performed to estimate delay and energy requirements. Results have been compared with some recent works on MCNC benchmark functions.
Continuous flow‐driven inversion for arterial spin labeling using pulsed radio frequency and gradient fields

Continuous labeling by flow‐driven adiabatic inversion is advantageous for arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion studies, but details of the implementation, including inefficiency, magnetization transfer, and limited support for continuous‐mode operation on clinical scanners, have restricted the benefits of this approach. Here a new approach to continuous labeling that employs rapidly repeated gradient and radio frequency (RF) pulses to achieve continuous labeling with high efficiency is characterized. The theoretical underpinnings, numerical simulations, and in vivo implementation of this pulsed continuous ASL (PCASL) method are described. In vivo PCASL labeling efficiency of 96% relative to continuous labeling with comparable labeling parameters far exceeded the 33% duty cycle of the PCASL RF pulses. Imaging at 3T with body coil transmission was readily achieved. This technique should help to realize the benefits of continuous labeling in clinical imagers. Magn Reson Med 60:1488–1497, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modelling of a MMC HVDC Link between Koeberg Power Station and Cape Town - Experiences in simulation

This paper reports on a feasibility study of an HVDC link between Koeberg and Cape Town, South Africa, in light of the available technologies whilst noting new technological developments in the HVDC industry. The design is considered with special focus on power system stability and control with regards to future potential integration of renewable micro generators and smart grid technology into the western grid. Experiences are reported in terms of simulation of the line using Simplorer with an emphasis on building a model of a modular multi-level converter (MMC) in a commercial power electronics simulator.
Kinematic gait analysis of workers exposed to knee straining postures by Bayes decision rule

Deep knee flexion postures such as kneeling and squatting have been demonstrated, in recent review of occupational kneedisorders, as a risk factor of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigates a probabilistic method to analyze kneegait kinematics measurements of workers exposed to knee straining postures to determine if they are in any way similar tothose of knee OA patients. The measurements we use are clinically relevant kinematic signals, namely the variation duringa locomotion gait cycle of the angles the knee makes with respect to the three-dimensional (3D) planes of flexion/extension,internal/external rotation, and abduction/adduction. Three groups of participants were used: a set of 24 workers exposed to kneestraining postures (KS workers) acting as a test group, a control group of 25 non-KS posture workers, and a reference knee OAgroup of 29 subjects. We compared the kinematic data of KS workers to those of knee OA patients and non-KS subjects using theBayes decision theory. The results shows that, using the 3D data taken together or the abduction/adduction data, the KS workersresembles often to the OA patients. The analysis on the transverse plane and on sagittal plane, i.e., the flexion/extension and theinternal/external rotation, are not conclusive as the similarities are not significant. The kinematic gait analysis by Bayes decisionrule shows the similarity of workers exposed to knee straining postures to OA gait pattern and justifies further prospective studiesof KS workers in order to assess if gait pattern could be modified even before the onset of the disease.
Volunteers as Products of a Zoo Conservation Education Program

Zoos embrace docents/volunteers as a means of interpreting the threats to wildlife and biodiversity to visitors. To accomplish this, zoos provide docents’ education, training, and work experience. Docents themselves also engage in solitary and social wildlife experiences outside of their volunteer obligations. This study examined what motivates docents and how they change as part of their experience. Results from a mailback questionnaire (91% response rate, n = 365) documented that both altruistic (interpreting wildlife to visitors) and egoistic (learning about wildlife themselves; socializing with like-minded others) motivations were predictive of continuing satisfaction with their volunteer experiences. Docents also reported starting or increasing many conservation behaviors after beginning to volunteer at the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo. Docents with more years of experience tended to report more involvement with conservation behaviors. Results support an environmental socialization framework to explain the impacts of an environmental training program. Implications for future research and practice are presented.