Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complete Genome Sequence of the Mosquitocidal Bacterium Bacillus sphaericus C3-41 and Comparison with Those of Closely Related Bacillus Species

ABSTRACT Bacillus sphaericus strain C3-41 is an aerobic, mesophilic, spore-forming bacterium that has been used with great success in mosquito control programs worldwide. Genome sequencing revealed that the complete genome of this entomopathogenic bacterium is composed of a chromosomal replicon of 4,639,821 bp and a plasmid replicon of 177,642 bp, containing 4,786 and 186 potential protein-coding sequences, respectively. Comparison of the genome with other published sequences indicated that the B. sphaericus C3-41 chromosome is most similar to that of Bacillus sp. strain NRRL B-14905, a marine species that, like B. sphaericus, is unable to metabolize polysaccharides. The lack of key enzymes and sugar transport systems in the two bacteria appears to be the main reason for this inability, and the abundance of proteolytic enzymes and transport systems may endow these bacteria with exclusive metabolic pathways for a wide variety of organic compounds and amino acids. The genes shared between B. sphaericus C3-41 and Bacillus sp. strain NRRL B-14905, including mobile genetic elements, membrane-associated proteins, and transport systems, demonstrated that these two species are a biologically and phylogenetically divergent group. Knowledge of the genome sequence of B. sphaericus C3-41 thus increases our understanding of the bacilli and may also offer prospects for future genetic improvement of this important biological control agent.
Attentional Modulation of MT Neurons with Single or Multiple Stimuli in Their Receptive Fields

Descriptions of how attention modulates neuronal responses suggest that the strength of its effects depends on stimulus conditions. Attention to an isolated stimulus in the receptive field of an individual neuron typically produces a moderate enhancement of the cell's response, but neuronal responses are often strongly modulated when attention is shifted between multiple stimuli that lie within the receptive field. However, previous reports have not compared these stimulus effects under equivalent conditions, so differences in task difficulty could have been responsible for much of the difference. Consequently, the quantitative effects of stimulus conditions have remained unknown, and it has not been possible to address the question of whether the differences that have been observed could be explained by a single mechanism. We measured the attentional modulation of the responses of 70 single neurons in area MT of two rhesus monkeys using a task designed to keep attention stable across different stimulus configurations. We found that attentional modulation was indeed much stronger when more than one stimulus was within the receptive field. Nevertheless, the broad range of attentional modulations seen across the different conditions could be readily explained by single mechanism. The neurophysiological data from all stimulus conditions were well fit by a model in which attention acts via a response normalization mechanism (Lee and Maunsell, 2009). Collectively, these results validate previous impressions of the effects of stimulus configuration on attentional modulation, and add support to hypothesis that attention modulation depends on a response normalization mechanism.
Model of Agency Identification through Subconscious Embodied Interaction

Humans can communicate because they adapt and adjust their behavior to each other. Developing a relationship with an unknown artifact, on the other hand, is difficult. To address this problem, some robots utilize the context of the interaction between humans. However, there has been little investigation on interaction when no information about the interaction partner has been provided and where there has been no experimental task. Clarification of how people perceive unknown objects as agents is required. We believe that a stage of subconscious interaction plays a role in this process. We created an experimental environment to observe the interaction between a human and a robot whose behavior was actually mapped by another human. The participants were required to verbalize what they were thinking or feeling while interacting with the robot. The results of our experiment suggest that the timing of movement was used as the cue for interaction development. We need to verify the effects of other interaction patterns and inspect what kind of action and reaction are regarded as signals that enhance interpersonal interaction.
Intermittent Fault Diagnosis in Multiprocessor Systems

The authors present and analyze a probabilistic model for the self-diagnosis capabilities of a multiprocessor system. In this model an individual processor fails with probability p and a nonfaulty processor testing a faulty processor detects a fault with probability q. This models the situation where processors can be intermittently faulty or the situation where tests are not capable of detecting all possible faults within a processor. An efficient algorithm that can achieve correct diagnosis with high probability in systems of O(n log n) connections, where n is the number of processors, is presented. It is the first algorithm to be able to diagnose a large number of intermittently faulty processors in a class of systems that includes hypercubes. It is shown that, under this model, no algorithm can achieve correct diagnosis with high probability in regular systems which conduct a number of tests dominated by n log n. Examples of systems which perform a modest number of tests are given in which the probability of correct diagnosis for the algorithm is very nearly one. >
Radionuclide Imaging in Thoracic Splenosis and a Review of the Literature

Splenosis is defined as the autotransplantation of splenic tissue to abnormal locations after splenic injury. Although abdominal splenosis is the most common form and is usually discovered at laparotomy, thoracic splenosis is less common and occurs as an asymptomatic peripheral pulmonary nodule, incidentally discovered on a routine chest radiograph. Given the long interval between the initial trauma and its discovery, thoracic splenosis is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of left-sided, pleural-based pulmonary nodules or masses. The diagnosis is often a result of surgery. The authors report an additional case of thoracic splenosis, review the literature, and discuss nonsurgical diagnostic methods.
Syllable-based acoustic modeling for Japanese spontaneous speech recognition

We study on a syllable-based acoustic modeling method for Japanese spontaneous speech recognition. Traditionally, mora-based acoustic models have been adopted for Japanese read speech recognition systems. In this paper, syllable-based unit and mora-based unit are clearly distinguished in their deﬁnition, and syllables are shown to be more suitable as an acoustic model for Japanese spontaneous speech recognition. In spontaneous speech, a vowel lengthening occurs frequently, and recognition accuracy is greatly affected by this phenomena. From this viewpoint, we propose an acoustic modeling technique that explicitly incorporates the vowel lengthening in syllable-based HMMs. Experimental results showed that the proposed model could exceed the performance of conventionally used cross-word triphone model and mora-based model in Japanese spontaneous speech recognition task.
A Multilevel View of Intragroup Conflict

In the years since the last major review of conflict, the primary thrust in the research on conflict in organizations has shifted the emphasis away from dyadic conflict and toward the study of intragroup conflict. Influenced by Jehn's work, this body of research has largely focused on distinguishing between conflict types; most notably task versus relationship conflict. However, this research has focused on within-level relationships, thus neglecting the multilevel nature of intragroup conflict and its emergence processes. After reviewing the antecedents of conflict across levels, the authors examine the constructs and processes common to the intraindividual, dyadic, and group levels as well as those that are unique to each level and the cross-level influences of those constructs. The authors conclude by proposing a multilevel model of group conflict that integrates the individual, dyadic, and intragroup levels of analysis.
Body image and eating disturbance among south Asian-American women: the role of racial teasing.

OBJECTIVE Acculturation and loss of ethnic identification have been proposed as risk factors for eating and body image disturbance among women of color. This study investigated whether being teased about racial or ethnic features might also play a role in these disturbances in minority women. METHODS One hundred twenty-two college women of South Asian descent completed questionnaire measures of disturbed eating behavior, body image dissatisfaction, distress, self-esteem, acculturation, ethnic identification, and racial teasing. RESULTS History of hurtful racial teasing, but not acculturation or ethnic disidentification, was associated with disturbed eating and body image, even after controlling for distress, self-esteem, and body mass. CONCLUSION The psychological impact of racial teasing may be a potent but neglected source of eating and body image disturbance among minority women.
Error Detection for Statistical Machine Translation Using Linguistic Features

Automatic error detection is desired in the post-processing to improve machine translation quality. The previous work is largely based on confidence estimation using system-based features, such as word posterior probabilities calculated from N-best lists or word lattices. We propose to incorporate two groups of linguistic features, which convey information from outside machine translation systems, into error detection: lexical and syntactic features. We use a maximum entropy classifier to predict translation errors by integrating word posterior probability feature and linguistic features. The experimental results show that 1) linguistic features alone outperform word posterior probability based confidence estimation in error detection; and 2) linguistic features can further provide complementary information when combined with word confidence scores, which collectively reduce the classification error rate by 18.52% and improve the F measure by 16.37%.
The stochastic gravitational wave background from turbulence and magnetic fields generated by a first-order phase transition

We analytically derive the spectrum of gravitational waves due to magneto-hydrodynamical turbulence generated by bubble collisions in a first-order phase transition. In contrast to previous studies, we take into account the fact that turbulence and magnetic fields act as sources of gravitational waves for many Hubble times after the phase transition is completed. This modifies the gravitational wave spectrum at large scales. We also model the initial stirring phase preceding the Kolmogorov cascade, while earlier works assume that the Kolmogorov spectrum sets in instantaneously. The continuity in time of the source is relevant for a correct determination of the peak position of the gravitational wave spectrum. We discuss how the results depend on assumptions about the unequal-time correlation of the source and motivate a realistic choice for it. Our treatment gives a similar peak frequency as previous analyses but the amplitude of the signal is reduced due to the use of a more realistic power spectrum for the magneto-hydrodynamical turbulence. For a strongly first-order electroweak phase transition, the signal is observable with the space interferometer LISA.
Spam host classification using swarm intelligence

Web Spam, or Spamdexing, is a form of Search Engine Optimization(SEO) spamming that hinders the efficiency of search engines. These types of exploits use unethical methods in order to place a web page into the first rank. Sabotaging the quality of the results retrieved by search engines can lead users to mistrust the search engine provider. Moreover, spam websites can be a starting point for phishing or malware attacks. Over the last decade Web Spamming has become an important problem. This paper shows a spam host detection approach that uses swarm intelligence. We test our model on two datasets (WEBSPAM-UK2011 and WEBSPAM-UK2007) and show that it can obtain a good accuracy. Moreover, we compared our approach with other popular classifiers (C4.5, SVM and Logistic Regression ) and empirically demonstrated that it can outperform them in some cases.
DETERMINANTS OF TERRORISM IN THE MUSLIM WORLD: AN EMPIRICAL CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS

This article tries to quantify empirically the factors behind terrorism in 37 Muslim countries. In the article’s most complete model, regressors include education attainment, political repression, income (GDP per capita), and a dummy for civil wars. We find education to be a positive determinant of terrorism— i.e., higher education levels give rise to more transnational terrorism in sample countries, low and high repression are a positive determinant of terrorism, so that a nonlinear relation (U-shaped) holds. The civil war dummy is also a positive influence. The income variable is a negative determinant of terrorism, but is either marginally significant or insignificant.
A SURVEY OF COPY-MOVE FORGERY DETECTION TECHNIQUES

Copy-move forgery is a specific type of image tampering where a part of the image is copied and pasted on another part generally to conceal unwanted portions of the image. Hence, the goal in detection of copy-move forgeries is to detect image areas that are same or extremely similar. In this paper, we review several methods proposed to achieve this goal. These methods in general use block-matching procedures, which first divide the image into overlapping blocks and extract features from each block, assuming similar blocks will yield similar features. Later, a matching step takes place where the aim is to find the duplicated blocks based on their feature vectors. A forgery detection decision is made only if similar features are detected within the same distance of features associated to connected blocks. We examine several different blockbased features proposed for this purpose in relation to their time complexity and robustness to common processing scaling up/down, compression, and rotation. We will also include comparative results for better evaluation.
Evaluation of Learning Performance of E-Learning in China: A Methodology Based on Change of Internal Mental Model of Learners.

This paper presents a method of assessment on how Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and animation influence the psychological process of learning by comparing a traditional web design course and an e-learning web design course, based on the Change of Internal Mental Model of Learners. We constructed the e-learning course based on Gagne’s learning theory and theory of instructional design; and designed and analyzed questionnaires on the psychological process of learning in order to measure the change in a learner’s mental model and performance. The result shows that HCI and animation features of e-learning have been proved to positively influence learners’ cognitive perception and structuring, while the psychological process of learning as a whole is positively influenced by these technological features. In addition, the result indicates that the learning theory can be applied during the process of designing e-learning courses, and the theory of cognitive psychology is successfully used in measuring both a learner’s psychological process of learning and changes in the mental model.
Comparing the Risk of Suicide of College Students With Nonstudents

Suicide rates for college students were compared with rates for nonstudents using two definitions of students: full-time enrollment at 4-year institutions, and all-inclusive postsecondary enrollment. For traditionally aged females, comparing the suicide rate of students (3.0 per 100,000) to the rate for same-age nonstudents rather than the same-age general population did not meaningfully affect the relative risk for suicide. For traditionally aged male students (overall suicide rate 10.25 per 100,000), changing the comparison group to same-age nonstudents rather than the same-age general population did meaningfully enhance the favorable relative risk for students aged 18–24 in the smaller student cohort, and for those 18–29 in the more inclusive student cohort. These findings are interpreted as reinforcing the importance of environmental factors in affecting suicide rates, specifically the importance of restricting access to firearms in reducing rates.
Putting twitter to the test: Assessing outcomes for student collaboration, engagement and success

Herein, we present data from two studies of Twitter usage in different postsecondary courses with the goal of analyzing the relationships surrounding student engagement and collaboration as they intersect learning outcomes. Study 1 was conducted with 125 students taking a first-year seminar course, half of who were required to use Twitter while the other half used Ning. Study 2 was conducted with 135 students taking a large lecture general education course where Twitter participation was voluntary. Faculty in Study 1 engaged with students on Twitter in activities based on an a priori theoretical model, while faculty in Study 2 only engaged students sporadically on the platform. Qualitativeanalysesof tweetsandquantitativeoutcomesshowthatfacultyparticipation on the platform, integration of Twitter into the course based on a theoretically driven pedagogical model and requiring students to use Twitter are essential components of improved outcomes.
Coping patterns and affective reactions under community crisis and daily routine conditions

Abstract This study compared the coping patterns of Israeli adults during and after a grave collective disaster situation — the recent Persian Gulf war missile crisis. The samples consisted of 462 Israelis who reported on their coping reactions during the war, and 822 Israelis who reported on their coping strategies in day-to-day life three months after the crisis. Data on state anxiety and bodily symptoms were collected for both samples. Most coping strategies were reported to be used less during the war than after the war, with a relatively higher frequency of emotion-focused coping reported during the crisis than in daily routine situations in the period following the war. By contrast, problem-focused coping was more prevalent after than during the crisis. In both war and post-war samples affective reactions (i.e., state anxiety and bodily symptoms) were positively related to emotion-focused coping. The relationship between problem-focused coping and affective reactions varied for the war and post-war .
Intensive-early stocking for yearling cattle in the Northern Great Plains.

A 3-year study was conducted to evaluate grazing strategies for production of growing cattle during summer on Northern Great Plains rangeland. Crossbred yearling steers (N = 123 per year, avg initial weight = 275 kg) were allotted to 1 of 2 treatments replicated in 3 pastures. Treatments were season-long grazing of pastures at recommended stocking rates assuming a 4-month grazing period or intensive-early grazing of pastures stocked at the same rate assuming only a 2-month grazing season. Precipitation in 1993 was 169% of normal resulting in greater forage quality than in other years and no differences were observed in weight gains between treatments during 1993. In 1994 and 1995, steers in the intensive-early stocked pastures gained less weight during the 2 months of grazing than did those in the season-long stocked pastures; however, gain per hectare was greater in the intensive-early stocked pastures. Intensive-early stocking with growing steers may be a viable means to overcome limited forage quality during late summer in the Northern Great Plains and to maximize forage utilization in years of abundant forage. DOI:10.2458/azu_jrm_v55i2_grings
Direct evidence that density-dependent regulation underpins the temporal stability of abundant species in a diverse animal community

To understand how ecosystems are structured and stabilized, and to identify when communities are at risk of damage or collapse, we need to know how the abundances of the taxa in the entire assemblage vary over ecologically meaningful timescales. Here, we present an analysis of species temporal variability within a single large vertebrate community. Using an exceptionally complete 33-year monthly time series following the dynamics of 81 species of fishes, we show that the most abundant species are least variable in terms of temporal biomass, because they are under density-dependent (negative feedback) regulation. At the other extreme, a relatively large number of low abundance transient species exhibit the greatest population variability. The high stability of the consistently common high abundance species—a result of density-dependence—is reflected in the observation that they consistently represent over 98% of total fish biomass. This leads to steady ecosystem nutrient and energy flux irrespective of the changes in species number and abundance among the large number of low abundance transient species. While the density-dependence of the core species ensures stability under the existing environmental regime, the pool of transient species may support long-term stability by replacing core species should environmental conditions change.
Open-Access Full-Duplex Wireless in the ORBIT Testbed

In order to support experimentation with full-duplex (FD) wireless, we recently integrated an open-access FD transceiver in the ORBIT testbed. In this report, we present the design and implementation of the FD transceiver and interfaces, and provide examples and guidelines for experimentation. In particular, an ORBIT node with a National Instruments (NI)/Ettus Research Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) N210 software-defined radio (SDR) was equipped with the Columbia FlexICoN Gen-1 customized RF self-interference (SI) canceller box. The RF canceller box includes an RF SI canceller that is implemented using discrete components on a printed circuit board (PCB) and achieves 40dB RF SI cancellation across 5MHz bandwidth. We provide an FD transceiver baseline program and present an example FD experiment, where 90dB overall SI cancellation is achieved across both the RF and digital domains, demonstrating the FD capability in the ORBIT testbed. We also discuss potential FD wireless experiments that can be conducted based on the implemented open-access FD transceiver and baseline program.
A test of the personality-culture clash hypothesis among college students in an individualistic and collectivistic culture

Increased susceptibility to distress among young adults from diverse cultural backgrounds amplifies the importance of identifying culturally-salient factors related to the development of mental illness. To address this issue we investigated the relationship between culture (Thai and American), self-construal (independent and interdependent) and distress. As predicted, results revealed that Americans possess a more salient independent self-construal relative to Thais, whereas Thais construe a stronger interdependent self compared to Americans. Also, partially consistent with the personality-culture clash hypothesis, among Thais distress was negatively associated with interdependent self-construal and among Americans distress was unrelated to interdependent self-construal, whereas independent self-construal negatively predicted distress for both Thais and Americans. Implications for research investigating the relationship between multicultural variables and distress are addressed.