Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inter-, Intra-, and Extra-Chunk Pre-Ordering for Statistical Japanese-to-English Machine Translation

A rule-based pre-ordering approach is proposed for statistical Japanese-to-English machine translation using the dependency structure of source-side sentences. A Japanese sentence is pre-ordered to an English-like order at the morpheme level for a statistical machine translation system during the training and decoding phase to resolve the reordering problem. In this article, extra-chunk pre-ordering of morphemes is proposed, which allows Japanese functional morphemes to move across chunk boundaries. This contrasts with the intra-chunk reordering used in previous approaches, which restricts the reordering of morphemes within a chunk. Linguistically oriented discussions show that correct pre-ordering cannot be realized without extra-chunk movement of morphemes. The proposed approach is compared with five rule-based pre-ordering approaches designed for Japanese-to-English translation and with a language independent statistical pre-ordering approach on a standard patent dataset and on a news dataset obtained by crawling Internet news sites. Two state-of-the-art statistical machine translation systems, one phrase-based and the other hierarchical phrase-based, are used in experiments. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms the compared approaches on automatic reordering measures (Kendall’s τ, Spearman’s ρ, fuzzy reordering score, and test set RIBES) and on the automatic translation precision measure of test set BLEU score.
Maximum Power Point Tracking for PV System Using Advanced Neural Networks Technique

-Solar energy is clean, renewable and its decentralized character is appropriate well at the scattered state of the zones with low density of population. The cost of electricity from the solar array system is more expensive than the electricity from the utility grid. So, it is necessary to operate the PV system at maximum efficiency by tracking maximum power point at any environmental condition. In this work, the neural network back propagation algorithm is used to control the operation of the PV array in order to extract the maximum power. Two error functions are used. The first, the classic error function, and the second is a modified error function which takes into consideration the derivative of the error function also. The results obtained are compared and discussed.
How Crossover Speeds up Building Block Assembly in Genetic Algorithms

We reinvestigate a fundamental question: How effective is crossover in genetic algorithms in combining building blocks of good solutions? Although this has been discussed controversially for decades, we are still lacking a rigorous and intuitive answer. We provide such answers for royal road functions and OneMax, where every bit is a building block. For the latter, we show that using crossover makes every (+) genetic algorithm at least twice as fast as the fastest evolutionary algorithm using only standard bit mutation, up to small-order terms and for moderate and . Crossover is beneficial because it can capitalize on mutations that have both beneficial and disruptive effects on building blocks: crossover is able to repair the disruptive effects of mutation in later generations. Compared to mutation-based evolutionary algorithms, this makes multibit mutations more useful. Introducing crossover changes the optimal mutation rate on OneMax from to . This holds both for uniform crossover and k-point crossover. Experiments and statistical tests confirm that our findings apply to a broad class of building block functions.
Improvement of fault ride through capability of wind farms using DFIG considering SDBR

A new control strategy for improving fault ride-through capability of wind farms composed of fixed and variable speed wind generators has been proposed, in this study. In this new control scheme, a small series dynamic braking resistor (SDBR) is used in the stator circuit of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) along with DC-chopper braking resistor. Simulation results show the advantages of the combined control strategy for the resumption of normal operation efficiently, with shortened possible operating time during grid fault in the multi-machine power system that connects wind farm.
ATL-MR: model transformation on MapReduce

The Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) paradigm has been successfully embraced for manufacturing maintainable software in several domains while decreasing costs and efforts. One of its principal concepts is rule-based Model Transformation (MT) that enables an automated processing of models for different intentions. The user-friendly syntax of MT languages is designed for allowing users to specify and execute these operations in an effortless manner. Existing MT engines, however, are incapable of accomplishing transformation operations in an acceptable time while facing complex transformations. Worse, against large amount of data, these tools crash throwing an out of memory exception. In this paper, we introduce ATL-MR, a tool to automatically distribute the execution of model transformations written in a popular MT language, ATL, on top of a well-known distributed programming model, MapReduce. We briefly present an overview of our approach, we describe the changes with respect to the standard ATL transformation engine, finally, we experimentally show the scalability of this solution.
Multi-View Kernel Consensus For Data Analysis and Signal Processing

The input data features set for many data driven tasks is high-dimensional while the intrinsic dimension of the data is low. Data analysis methods aim to uncover the underlying low dimensional structure imposed by the low dimensional hidden parameters by utilizing distance metrics that consider the set of attributes as a single monolithic set. However, the transformation of the low dimensional phenomena into the measured high dimensional observations might distort the distance metric, This distortion can effect the desired estimated low dimensional geometric structure. In this paper, we suggest to utilize the redundancy in the attribute domain by partitioning the attributes into multiple subsets we call views. The proposed methods utilize the agreement also called consensus between different views to extract valuable geometric information that unifies multiple views about the intrinsic relationships among several different observations. This unification enhances the information that a single view or a simple concatenations of views provides.
Online learning of COM trajectory for humanoid robot locomotion

Center Of Mass (COM) trajectory is an essential factor for stable and natural robot locomotion. Unlike previous research in which COM trajectory either restricted by ZMP trajectory or directly predefined by simple function such as sinusoid, this research aims to establish the COM trajectory by online autonomous learning under the objective of locomotion stability and naturalness, which is expressed as a self-consistent measure in this paper. It provides an alternative that may avoid or weaken the mismatch between theoretical planning and practical implementation. The experimental results on a real humanoid robot PKU-HR4 show its effectiveness and promising future.
Color-based road detection in urban traffic scenes

Road detection is a key issue for autonomous driving in urban traffic. In this paper, after a brief overview of existing methods, we present a road-area detection algorithm based on color images. This algorithm is composed of two modules: boundaries are first estimated based on the intensity image and road areas are subsequently detected based on the full color image. In the first module, an edge image of the scene is analyzed to obtain the candidates for the left and right road borders and to delimit the area that will subsequently be used to compute the mean and variance of the Gaussian distribution, assumed to be obeyed by the color components of road surfaces. The second module effectively extracts the road area and reinforces boundaries that most appropriately fit the road-extraction result. The combination of these modules can overcome basic problems due to inaccuracies in edge detection based on the intensity image alone and due to the computational complexity of segmentation algorithms based on color images. Experimental results on real road scenes have substantiated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Identifying news clusters using Q-analysis and modularity

With online publication and social media taking the main role in dissemination of news, and with the decline of traditional printed media, it has become necessary to devise ways to automatically extract meaningful information from the plethora of sources available and to make that information readily available to interested parties. In this paper we present a method of automated analysis of the underlying structure of online newspapers based on Q-analysis and modularity. We show how the combination of the two strategies allows for the identification of well defined news clusters that are free of noise (unrelated stories) and provide automated clustering of information on trending topics on news published online.
On the Power of Profiles for Transcription Factor Binding Site Detection

Transcription factor binding site (TFBS) detection plays an important role in computational biology, with applications in gene finding and gene regulation. The sites are often modeled by gapless profiles, also known as position-weight matrices. Past research has focused on the significance of profile scores (the ability to avoid false positives), but this alone is not enough: The profile must also possess the power to detect the true positive signals. Several completed genomes are now available, and the search for TFBSs is moving to a large scale; so discriminating signal from noise becomes even more challenging.Since TFBS profiles are usually estimated from only a few experimentally confirmed instances, careful regularization is an important issue. We present a novel method that is well suited for this situation.We further develop measures that help in judging profile quality, based on both sensitivity and selectivity of a profile. It is shown that these quality measures can be efficiently computed, and we propose statistically well-founded methods to choose score thresholds.Our findings are applied to the TRANSFAC database of transcription factor binding sites. The results are disturbing: If we insist on a significance level of 5% in sequences of length 500, only 19% of the profiles detect a true signal instance with 95% success probability under varying background sequence compositions.
Particle filter based self-localization using visual landmarks and image database

This paper presents an approach to vision-based self-localization using the combination of particle filter and preprocessed image database. The robot uses particle filter with odometery data and landmark pose for position tracking. Furthermore, it uses the image database to globally localize itself when it has been kidnapped or when no landmark is visible.
Likelihood and quasi - likelihood estimation of transition probabilities

In the paper two approaches to the problem of estimation of transition probabilities are considered. The approach by McCullagh and Nelder [5], based on the independent model and the quasi-likelihood function, is compared with the approach based on the marginal model and the standard likelihood function. The estimates following from these two approaches are illustrated on a simple example which was used by McCullagh and Nelder.
Usage-based linguistics and the magic number four

Abstract Miller’s (1956, The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review 63(2). 81–97) working memory (WM) capacity of around seven items, plus or minus two, was never found by usage-based linguists to be a recurrent pattern in language. Thus, it has not figured prominently in cognitive models of grammar. Upon reflection, this is somewhat unusual, since WM has been considered a fundamental cognitive domain for information processing in psychology, so one might have reasonably expected properties such as capacity constraints to be reflected in language use and structures derived from use. This paper proposes that Miller’s (1956) number has not been particularly productive in usage-based linguistics because it turns out to have been an overestimate. A revised WM capacity has now superseded it within cognitive science, a “magic number four plus or minus one” (Cowan 2001, The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24(1). 87–185). This paper suggests, drawing on evidence from spoken language corpora and multiple languages, that a range of linguistic structures and patterns align with this revised capacity estimate, unlike Miller’s (1956), ranging from phrasal verbs, idioms, n-grams, the lengths of intonation units and some abstract grammatical properties of phrasal categories and clause structure.
Survivin −31G>C Polymorphism and Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis

Background Emerging evidence showed that common functional −31G>C polymorphism (rs9904341 G>C) in the promoter region of the survivin gene is involved in the regulation of survivin expression, thus increasing an individual’s susceptibility to gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer; but individually published results are inconclusive. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to derive a more precise estimation of the association between survivin −31G>C polymorphism and GIT cancer risk. Methods A literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CBM databases was conducted from inception through July 1st, 2012. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association. Results Nine case-control studies were included with a total of 2,231 GIT cancer cases and 2,287 healthy controls. The results indicated that survivin −31G>C polymorphism was associated with increased risk of GIT cancer. In the stratified analysis by cancer types, significant associations were observed between survivin −31G>C polymorphism and increased risk of colorectal and gastric cancers. However, the lack of association of survivin −31G>C polymorphism with esophageal cancer risk may be due to a lack of a sufficient number of eligible studies and the influence of different genetic and environmental factors. Conclusion Results from the current meta-analysis suggests that survivin −31G>C polymorphism might increase the risk of GIT cancer, especially among gastric and colorectal cancers.
Adjacent positioning of cellular structures enabled by a Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein–mediated zone of inhibition

Cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are born carrying localized transmembrane landmark proteins that guide the subsequent establishment of a polarity axis and hence polarized growth to form a bud in the next cell cycle. In haploid cells, the relevant landmark proteins are concentrated at the site of the preceding cell division, to which they recruit Cdc24, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the conserved polarity regulator Cdc42. However, instead of polarizing at the division site, the new polarity axis is directed next to but not overlapping that site. Here, we show that the Cdc42 guanosine triphosphatase–activating protein (GAP) Rga1 establishes an exclusion zone at the division site that blocks subsequent polarization within that site. In the absence of localized Rga1 GAP activity, new buds do in fact form within the old division site. Thus, Cdc42 activators and GAPs establish concentric zones of action such that polarization is directed to occur adjacent to but not within the previous cell division site.
Operative Compared with Nonoperative Treatment of a Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture without Neurological Deficit: A Prospective, Randomized Study

Background: To our knowledge, a prospective, randomized study comparing operative and nonoperative treatment of a thoracolumbar burst fracture in patients without a neurological deficit has never been performed. Our hypothesis was that operative treatment would lead to superior long-term clinical outcomes. Methods: From 1994 to 1998, forty-seven consecutive patients (thirty-two men and fifteen women) with a stable thoracolumbar burst fracture and no neurological deficit were randomized to one of two treatment groups: operative (posterior or anterior arthrodesis and instrumentation) or nonoperative treatment (application of a body cast or orthosis). Radiographs and computed tomography scans were analyzed for sagittal alignment and canal compromise. All patients completed a questionnaire to assess any disability they may have had before the injury, and they indicated the degree of pain at the time of presentation with use of a visual analog scale. The average duration of follow-up was forty-four months (minimum, twenty-four months). After treatment, patients indicated the degree of pain with use of the visual analog scale and they completed the Roland and Morris disability questionnaire, the Oswestry back-pain questionnaire, and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) health survey. Results: In the operative group (twenty-four patients), the average fracture kyphosis was 10.1° at the time of admission and 13° at the final follow-up evaluation. The average canal compromise was 39% on admission, and it improved to 22% at the final follow-up examination. In the nonoperative group (twenty-three patients), the average kyphosis was 11.3° at the time of admission and 13.8° at the final follow-up examination after treatment. The average canal compromise was 34% at the time of admission and improved to 19% at the final follow-up examination. On the basis of the numbers available, no significant difference was found between the two groups with respect to return to work. The average pain scores at the time of the latest follow-up were similar for both groups. The preinjury scores were similar for both groups; however, at the time of the final follow-up, those who were treated nonoperatively reported less disability. Final scores on the SF-36 and Oswestry questionnaires were similar for the two groups, although certain trends favored those treated without surgery. Complications were more frequent in the operative group. Conclusion: We found that operative treatment of patients with a stable thoracolumbar burst fracture and normal findings on the neurological examination provided no major long-term advantage compared with nonoperative treatment. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level II-2 (poor-quality randomized controlled trial [e.g., <80% follow-up]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Modeling and Implementation of DSP FPGA Solutions

Recent developments in the simulation capabilities of high level mathematical modeling tools have opened exciting new design flow possibilities. System level support for bit true modeling enables a designer to use a single environment to create floating and fixedpoint models, and to make scaling and rounding decisions early in the design process. At the same time, FPGA vendors have expanded commercial IP offerings to incorporate higher level DSP functions. Together, these technologies enable a new flow for data path design that includes design iterations at the system level. In the past, DSP FPGA design required the combined efforts of a DSP engineer and a hardware engineer familiar with HDL or schematic based design. In this workshop we present a new method to derive an HDL netlist for a data path directly from a system level tool. The steps include construction of an ideal mathematical model, investigation of implementation effects, test-bench creation, and hardware netlist generation. Traditional HDL design methods are then used to complete the design implementation. These concepts are illustrated through examples of digital filter realizations, Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT), and digital communications applications. 1 Robert D. Turney (robert.turney@xilinx.com) and Chris Dick (chris.dick@xilinx.com) are Senior Systems Engineers in the CORE Solutions Group, Xilinx Inc., San Jose CA, USA 2 David B. Parlour (dave.parlour@xilinx.com) is a Principal Engineer in Xilinx Labs, Xilinx Inc. 3 James Hwang (jim.hwang@xilinx.com) is a Staff Engineer at Xilinx Inc., San Jose CA, USA
An improved FastSLAM algorithm based on an omni-directional wheeled mobile robot

The indoor mobile robots have been widely employed in manufacturing and service industries in recently years. However, the conventional simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) method is mainly meant for mobile robots with traditional drives (differential drive and Ackerman steering) that have the coupled translation and rotation motions. Hence, the translation error will affect the heading estimations of the mobile robot, and the accuracy of the FastSLAM algorithm will be reduced over the time. In addition, mobile robots with traditional drives are not suitable for narrow, crowded indoor environment with lots of obstacles. In this paper, an improved FastSLAM algorithm based on Omni-directional wheeled mobile robot is proposed. Computer simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. This paper provides a methodology to solve the indoor SLAM.
Polyphosphate Kinase from Activated Sludge Performing Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal

ABSTRACT A novel polyphosphate kinase (PPK) was retrieved from an uncultivated organism in activated sludge carrying out enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). Acetate-fed laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors were used to maintain sludge with a high phosphorus content (approximately 11% of the biomass). PCR-based clone libraries of small subunit rRNA genes and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to verify that the sludge was enriched in Rhodocyclus-like β-Proteobacteria known to be associated with sludges carrying out EBPR. These organisms comprised approximately 80% of total bacteria in the sludge, as assessed by FISH. Degenerate PCR primers were designed to retrieve fragments of putative ppk genes from a pure culture of Rhodocyclus tenuis and from organisms in the sludge. Four novel ppk homologs were found in the sludge, and two of these (types I and II) shared a high degree of amino acid similarity with R. tenuis PPK (86 and 87% similarity, respectively). Dot blot analysis of total RNA extracted from sludge demonstrated that the Type I ppk mRNA was present, indicating that this gene is expressed during EBPR. Inverse PCR was used to obtain the full Type I sequence from sludge DNA, and a full-length PPK was cloned, overexpressed, and purified to near homogeneity. The purified PPK has a specific activity comparable to that of other PPKs, has a requirement for Mg2+, and does not appear to operate in reverse. PPK activity was found mainly in the particulate fraction of lysed sludge microorganisms.
OFDM with reduced peak-to-average power ratio by optimum combination of partial transmit sequences

The authors propose a very effective and flexible peak power reduction scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with almost vanishing redundancy. This new method works with arbitrary numbers of subcarriers and unconstrained signal sets. The core of the proposal is to combine partial transmit sequences (PTS) to minimise the peak-to-average power ratio distortion.