Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Initiating a design pattern catalog for embedded network systems

In the domain of desktop software, design patterns have had a profound impact; they are applied ubiquitously across a broad range of applications. Patterns serve both to promulgate expert knowledge and as a vocabulary for documenting software design. The result is higher-quality software, reduced development effort, and improved documentation. This impact has yet to be felt in the emerging domain of embedded network software. The applications are characterized by highly distributed, reactive computations executed over resource-constrained processors; they present a host of new design challenges. Without a coherent repository of expert solutions, best practices do not emerge, design flaws are repeated, and developer communication is hindered. In this paper, we initiate a pattern catalog for embedded network software. The contributions are two-fold. First, we present three new design patterns distilled from a careful analysis of expert-crafted software. Second, we present a formalism for specifying the structural requirements of such patterns. The resulting specifications provide a rigorous foundation for pattern identification and documentation.
Consulting About Consulting: Young people’s views of consultation

The increasing recognition that children and young people should be consulted and involved in decision‐making about their lives is reflected in national and international legislation. A great deal of this legislation, stemming from the UN convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), requires education authorities to consult children and young people when making decisions about their education. However, little is known about how children and young people themselves would like consultation to proceed. This study held four focus groups of young people with and without Additional Support Needs (ASN) to address this question. The young people came up with many suggestions which can be used to guide future consultation work, but the main message was one of individual choice. Children and young people want to be consulted but the consultation should be tailored to their individual needs if it is to be truly successful. There are lessons to be learned for EPs and other professionals who regularly seek the views of children and young people.
Measuring Integrated Information from the Decoding Perspective

Accumulating evidence indicates that the capacity to integrate information in the brain is a prerequisite for consciousness. Integrated Information Theory (IIT) of consciousness provides a mathematical approach to quantifying the information integrated in a system, called integrated information, Φ. Integrated information is defined theoretically as the amount of information a system generates as a whole, above and beyond the amount of information its parts independently generate. IIT predicts that the amount of integrated information in the brain should reflect levels of consciousness. Empirical evaluation of this theory requires computing integrated information from neural data acquired from experiments, although difficulties with using the original measure Φ precludes such computations. Although some practical measures have been previously proposed, we found that these measures fail to satisfy the theoretical requirements as a measure of integrated information. Measures of integrated information should satisfy the lower and upper bounds as follows: The lower bound of integrated information should be 0 and is equal to 0 when the system does not generate information (no information) or when the system comprises independent parts (no integration). The upper bound of integrated information is the amount of information generated by the whole system. Here we derive the novel practical measure Φ* by introducing a concept of mismatched decoding developed from information theory. We show that Φ* is properly bounded from below and above, as required, as a measure of integrated information. We derive the analytical expression of Φ* under the Gaussian assumption, which makes it readily applicable to experimental data. Our novel measure Φ* can generally be used as a measure of integrated information in research on consciousness, and also as a tool for network analysis on diverse areas of biology.
From cannabis to problem drinking? Use and abuse from youth to adulthood

Aims The transition from youth to adulthood is associated with changes in the consumption of drugs and alcohol. The aim is to explore the process of “maturing out” of high levels of alcohol consumption, substance use and alcohol related problems from youth to adulthood. We are particularly interested in the relationship between the use of cannabis and alcohol consumption in relation to indicators of adult roles and responsibilities and alcohol-related problems over the life-course. Methods We used data from the norwegian longitudinal panel survey Arbeid, Livsstil og Helse (ALH). The data contains information on alcohol and drug consumption, alcohol related problems and a range of indicators of adulthood like marriage and parenthood from surveys repeated in 1985, 1987, 1989, 1993, 2003 and 2010. The sample was nationally representative for the cohorts born 1965–1968 and thus contains individual histories from youth (17–20 years) to adulthood (42–45 years) with response rates ranging from 80% in 1985 to 53% in 2010 (total n=1997). Results Alcohol consumption is found to be substantially higher among users of cannabis than among nonusers throughout the period from youth to adulthood. The use of cannabis, the level of alcohol consumption and probability of experiencing alcohol related problems decrease as the cohorts grow older. Alcohol related problems are still associated with the level of involvement with cannabis: those with a current or previous involvement with cannabis report more alcohol related problems. Taking into account the decreasing trend of alcohol related problems with age we find that becoming a parent and/ or getting married reduces the risk of experiencing such problems.
The Life and Death of Axis IV

Axis IV, one of the five dimensions of clinical description, has provided a way to report psychosocial and environmental problems that may affect the diagnosis, treatment, and/or prognosis of a psychiatric disorder. Originally conceived in DSM-III as a way to rate and rank the severity of particular environmental stressors, axis IV was simplified for DSM-IV to a more straightforward listing of psychosocial factors, given the reliability and validity problems with quantifying the etiologic contribution of specific stresses to mental disorder. In the newest manual, however (DSM-5), the entire multiaxial system has been quietly eliminated. How and why multiaxial assessment was abandoned, and what this implies for social work theory and practice, are addressed in a conceptual review that traces the history and empirical evidence, positive and negative, for incorporating a psychosocial dimension into the diagnosis of mental disorder.
Immunosuppressive therapy in allograft transplantation: from novel insights and strategies to tolerance and challenges

Immunosuppression therapy is the key to successful post-transplantation outcomes. The need for ideal immunosuppression became durable maintenance of long-term graft survival. In spite of current immunosuppressive therapy regimens advances, surgical procedures, and preservation methods, organ transplantation is associated with a long-term poor survival and significant mortality. This has led to an increased interest to optimize outcomes while minimizing associated toxicity by using alternative methods for maintenance immunosuppression, organ rejection treatment, and monitoring of immunosuppression. T regulatory (Treg) cells, which have immunosuppressive functions and cytokine profiles, have been studied during the last decades. Treg cells are able to inhibit the development of allergen-specific cell responses and consequently play a key role in a healthy immune response to allergens. Mature dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in the differentiation of Tregs, which are known to regulate allergic inflammatory responses. Advance in long-standing allograft outcomes may depend on new drugs with novel mechanisms of action with minimal toxicity. Newer treatment techniques have been developed, including using novel stem cell-based therapies such as mesenchymal stem cells, phagosomes and exosomes. Immunoisolation techniques and salvage therapies, including photopheresis and total lymphoid irradiation have emerged as alternative therapeutic choices. The present review evaluates the recent clinical advances in immunosuppressive therapies for organ transplantation.
Gaze‐driven Object Tracking for Real Time Rendering

To efficiently deploy eye‐tracking within 3D graphics applications, we present a new probabilistic method that predicts the patterns of user's eye fixations in animated 3D scenes from noisy eye‐tracker data. The proposed method utilises both the eye‐tracker data and the known information about the 3D scene to improve the accuracy, robustness and stability. Eye‐tracking can thus be used, for example, to induce focal cues via gaze‐contingent depth‐of‐field rendering, add intuitive controls to a video game, and create a highly reliable scene‐aware saliency model. The computed probabilities rely on the consistency of the gaze scan‐paths to the position and velocity of a moving or stationary target. The temporal characteristic of eye fixations is imposed by a Hidden Markov model, which steers the solution towards the most probable fixation patterns. The derivation of the algorithm is driven by the data from two eye‐tracking experiments: the first experiment provides actual eye‐tracker readings and the position of the target to be tracked. The second experiment is used to derive a JND‐scaled (Just Noticeable Difference) quality metric that quantifies the perceived loss of quality due to the errors of the tracking algorithm. Data from both experiments are used to justify design choices, and to calibrate and validate the tracking algorithms. This novel method outperforms commonly used fixation algorithms and is able to track objects smaller then the nominal error of an eye‐tracker.
A COMMON MARKET MEASURE FOR LIBOR AND PRICING CAPS, FLOORS AND SWAPS IN A FIELD THEORY OF FORWARD INTEREST RATES

The main result of this paper is that a martingale evolution can be chosen for LIBOR such that, by appropriately fixing the drift, all LIBOR interest rates have a common market measure. LIBOR is described using a quantum field theory model, and a common measure is seen to emerge naturally for such models. To elaborate how the martingale for the LIBOR belongs to the general class of numeraires for the forward interest rates, two other numeraires are considered, namely the money market measure that makes the evolution of the zero coupon bonds a martingale, and the forward measure for which the forward bond price is a martingale. The price of an interest rate cap is computed for all three numeraires, and is shown to be numeraire invariant. Put-call parity is discussed in some detail and shown to emerge due to some nontrivial properties of the numeraires. Some properties of swaps, and their relation to caps and floors, are briefly discussed.
Formulation for Information Retrieval by Intelligence Analysts

There have been many claims to the effect that advanced information retrieval technologies such as the vector space model (VSM) significantly outperform Boolean search engines in r etrieval effectiveness. Most of these claims are anecdotal and rely on arguments such as: queries are difficult to construct or output size is hard to control. In spite of these claims, most operational r e-trieval systems in use today are Boolean. Some of the popularity derives from the claim that Boolean IR systems are high precision. We compare and contrast Boolean query formulations, including the effect of query expansion, with simply derived VSM models.
The Bidirectional Relations between Affect and Belief

Whereas a majority of previous work has focused on the cognitive factors that influence beliefs, current theory and research suggest that affect also plays an important role. In this article, we comprehensively describe the bidirectional relations between affect and belief. On the basis of our review of existing theory and research, we develop the following three empirically derived premises. First, the need to make sense of experience and the need to regulate affect drive a reciprocal feedback loop through which affect and belief influence each other. Second, changes in affect arousal, valence, and type influence belief content and conviction. Third, changes in belief content and conviction influence affect arousal, valence, and type. We discuss empirical research supporting each premise, needed empirical tests, and avenues for future research.
Forging partnerships for mental health: The case of a prefecture in crisis ravaged Greece

Public health and in particular mental health have been severely affected by the multitude of socioeconomic crises experienced by people in Greece. The severe austerity programmes, have reduced access to health services and increased demand for publically funded health care. This paper presents a case study focusing on the impact of these measures on the lives of mental health providers in one prefecture in Crete. Focus group methodology was applied and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. Analyses revealed three superordinate themes that converge at many levels and appear to be going counter to the circumstances: firstly, ‘forging partnerships for mental health’; secondly, ‘extending our reach’; and thirdly ‘transformations in professional identity through praxis’. These themes are discussed using the words of the participants and the relevant literature.
Design of a Pressure Sensor Based on Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Lateral Deformation

This paper describes steps involved in the design and realization of a new type of pressure sensor based on the optical fiber Bragg grating. A traditional pressure sensor has very limited usage in heavy industrial environments, particularly in explosive or electromagnetically noisy environments. Utilization of optics in these environments eliminates all surrounding influences. An initial motivation for our development was the research, experimental validation, and realization of a complex smart pressure sensor based on the optical principle. The main benefit of this solution consists of increasing sensitivity, resistance to electromagnetic interference, dimensions, and potential increased accuracy.
Border ethnography and post-communist discourses of nationality in Poland

In this article I shall explore discursive constructions of ethnicity, and in particular notions of ‘Polishness’, among members of three-generation families living in the Polish town of Zgorzelec, on the border with Germany. The data come from a Europe-wide ethnographic project studying communities living on the borders between the EU and its ascendant nations, funded by the European Commission’s 5th Framework Programme (www.borderidentities.com). The most characteristic feature of the data concerning ethnicity is a clash between my informants’ declared identity (mainly constructed in terms of Polishness) and the constructions of Polishness. Even though the latter is usually described in negative terms, almost all interviewees choose to describe themselves in ethnic terms from the spectrum of labels they have been given. Drawing upon Billig et al.’s (1988) concept of ideological dilemma, I shall argue that the apparent contradiction in my informants’ discourse of identity is a result of two different ideological bases underpinning it: the lived ideology accomplished in their discourse clashes with the intellectual ideology explicitly adopted in their declarations of identity. Finally, I shall discuss this shift in terms of the particular place of residence of the members of Polish community right of the national border. I shall also explore the role of the interviewer in my informants’ discourses of ethnic identity. ‘Insiderness’ and ‘outsiderness’ of the researcher in relation to the community under investigation was perceived as a challenge to a coherence of the narratives and resulted in constant discursive negotiations of my interlocutors’ ‘stories of Polishness’.
Infinite Reality: Avatars, Eternal Life, New Worlds, and the Dawn of the Virtual Revolution

How do The Matrix, Avatar, and Tron reveal the future of existence? can our brains recognize where "reality" ends and "virtual" begins? What would it mean to live eternally in a digital universe? Where will technology lead us in five, fifty, and five hundred years? Two innovative scientists explore the mystery and reality of the virtual and examine the profound potential of emerging digital technologies Welcome to the future . The coming explosion of immersive digital technology, combined with recent progress in unlocking how the mind works, will soon revolutionize our lives in ways only science fiction has imagined. In Infinite Reality, Jeremy Bailenson (Stanford University) and Jim Blascovich (University of California, Santa Barbara)two of virtual reality's pioneering authorities whose pathbreaking research has mapped how our brain behaves in digital worldstake us on a mind-bending journey through the virtual universe. Infinite Reality explores what emerging computer technologies and their radical applications will mean for the future of human life and society. Along the way, Bailenson and Blascovich examine the timeless philosophical questions of the self and "reality" that arise through the digital experience; explain how virtual reality's latest and future formsincluding immersive video games and social-networking siteswill soon be seamlessly integrated into our lives; show the many surprising practical applications of virtual reality, from education and medicine to sex and warfare; and probe further-off possibilities like "total personality downloads" that would allow your great-great-grandchildren to have a conversation with "you" a century or more after your death. Equally fascinating, farsighted, and profound, Infinite Reality is an essential guide to our virtual future, where the experience of being human will be deeply transformed.
Fractional order fuzzy sliding mode controller for robotic flexible joint manipulators

This paper presents a fractional-order fuzzy sliding mod control (FOFSMC) scheme for robotic manipulators. The FOFSMC can drive system tracking error to converge to zero in finite time. The FOFSMC, incorporating the fractional-order controller (FOC), the SMC, and a fuzzy logic controller (FLC), is designed to retain the advantages of the SMC while reducing the chattering. The FOFSMC is applied to a level control in robotic manipulators, as a case study. the performance of the proposed controller evaluated to compare the performance with respect the conventional sliding mode controller. The simulation results demonstrate that the FOFSMC can provide a reasonable tracking performance.
Comparative Relation Generative Model

Online reviews are important decision aids to consumers. Other than helping users to evaluate individual products, reviews also support comparison shopping by comparing two (or more) products based on a specific aspect. However, making a comparison across two different reviews, written by different authors, is not always equitable due to the different standards and preferences of authors. Therefore, we focus on comparative sentences, whereby two products are compared directly by a review author within a sentence. We study the problem of comparative relation mining. Given a set of comparative sentences, each relating a pair of entities, our objective is three-fold: to interpret the comparative direction in each sentence, to identify the aspect of each sentence, and to determine the relative merits of each entity with respect to that aspect. This requires mining comparative relations at two levels of resolution: at the sentence level, and at the entity level. Our insight is that there is a significant synergy between the two levels. We propose a generative model for comparative text, which jointly models comparative directions at the sentence level, and ranking at the entity level. This model is tested comprehensively on Amazon reviews dataset with good empirical outperformance over pipelined baselines.
Employing The Complete Face in AVSR to Recover from Facial Occlusions

Existing Audio-Visual Speech Recognition (AVSR) systems visually focus intensely on a small region of the face, centred on the immediate mouth area. This is poor design for a variety reasons in real world situations because any occlusion to this small area renders all visual advantage null and void. This is poor by design because it is well known that humans use the complete face to speechread. We demonstrate a new application of a novel visual algorithm, the Multi-Channel Gradient Model, the deploys information from the complete face to perform AVSR. Our MCGM model performs near to the performance of Discrete Cosine Transforms in the case where a small region of interest around the lips, but in the case of an occluded face we can achieve results that match nearly 70% of the performance that DCTs can achieve on the DCT best case, lips centric approach.
Beginning elementary principals around the world

The paper explores the different circumstances of newly appointed principals around the world. It is a literature review that examines articles from both English-speaking and non-English-speaking countries. Being a novice principal is stressful and even traumatic. Principals appear to feel unprepared for their role. The problem most common to all countries is interpersonal conflict. Principals have to serve as a sort of buffer to reduce shock due to contact. They gain tacit knowledge and become more confident as they learn on the job, but they do not necessarily become instructional leaders.1
PmSPARQL: Extended SPARQL for Multi-paradigm Path Extraction

In the last few years, the Semantic Web gained scientific acceptance as a means of relationships identification in knowledge base, widely known by semantic association. Query about complex relationships between entities is a strong requirement for many applications in analytical domains. In bioinformatics for example, it is critical to extract exchanges between proteins. Currently, the widely known result of such queries is to provide paths between connected entities from data graph. However, they do not always give good results while facing the user need by the best association or a set of limited best association, because they only consider all existing paths but ignore the path evaluation. In this paper, we present an approach for supporting association discovery queries. Our proposal includes (i) a query language PmSPRQL which provides a multiparadigm query expressions for association extraction and (ii) some quantification measures making easy the process of association ranking. The originality of our proposal is demonstrated by a performance evaluation of our approach on real world datasets. Keywords—Association extraction, Query Language, relationships, knowledge base, multi-paradigm Query.