Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Axin Pathway Activity Regulates in Vivo pY654-β-catenin Accumulation and Pulmonary Fibrosis*

Background: TGFβ1-induced pY654-β-catenin correlates with epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and pulmonary fibrosis, but whether pY654-β-catenin is functionally important is unknown. Results: β-Catenin point mutants reveal that pY654 is critical to EMT, and pY654-β-catenin accumulation is blocked by axin-dependent β-catenin turnover. Conclusion: Raised axin levels in vivo attenuate EMT and fibrosis after bleomycin injury. Significance: Targeting axin levels could attenuate fibrosis without blocking TGFβ1 homeostatic functions. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and pulmonary fibrogenesis require epithelial integrin α3β1-mediated cross-talk between TGFβ1 and Wnt signaling pathways. One hallmark of this cross-talk is pY654-β-catenin accumulation, but whether pY654-β-catenin is a biomarker of fibrogenesis or functionally important is unknown. To clarify further the role of β-catenin in fibrosis, we explored pY654-β-catenin generation and function. α3β1 was required for TGFβ1-mediated activation of Src family kinases, and Src inhibition blocked both pY654 and EMT in primary alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). TGFβ1 stimulated β-catenin/Lef1-dependent promoter activity comparably in immortalized AECs stably expressing WT β-catenin as well as Y654E or Y654F β-catenin point mutants. But EMT was abrogated in the Tyr to Phe mutant. pY654-β-catenin was sensitive to the axin β-catenin turnover pathway as inhibition of tankyrase 1 led to high AEC axin levels, loss of pY654-β-catenin, and inhibition of EMT ex vivo. Mice given a tankyrase inhibitor (50 mg/kg orally) daily for 7 days beginning 10 days after intratracheal bleomycin had improved survival over controls. Treated mice developed raised axin levels in the lung that abrogated pY654-β-catenin and attenuated lung Snail1, Twist1, α-smooth muscle actin, and type I collagen accumulation. Total β-catenin levels were unaltered. These findings identify Src kinase(s) as a mediator of TGFβ1-induced pY654-β-catenin, provide evidence that pY654-β-catenin levels are a critical determinant of EMT and fibrogenesis, and suggest regulation of axin levels as a novel therapeutic approach to fibrotic disorders.
Precise time-of-flight calculation for 3-D synthetic aperture focusing

Conventional linear arrays can be used for 3-D ultrasound imaging by moving the array in the elevation direction and stacking the planes in a volume. The point-spread function is larger in the elevation plane, because the aperture is smaller and has a fixed elevation focus. Resolution improvements in elevation can be achieved by applying synthetic aperture focusing to the beamformed-in-plane RF data. The proposed method uses a virtual source placed at the elevation focus for postbeamforming. This has previously been done in 2 steps, in-plane focusing followed by synthetic aperture post-focusing in elevation, due to lack of a simple expression for the exact time of flight. This paper presents a new single step method for calculating the time of flight for a 3-D case using a linear array. The new method is more flexible and is able to beamform a fewer number of points much more efficiently. The method is evaluated using both simulated data and phantom measurements using the RASMUS experimental scanner. Computational cost of the method is higher than the 2-step method for a full volume beamforming, but it allows for a reduction of an order-of-magnitude if 3 planes are used for real-time visualization. In addition, the need for a temporary storage of beamformed data is removed.
Intestinal colonization of neonatal animals by Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni

Neonatal mice (2.3 to 2.8 g) were inoculated intragastrically with different human isolates of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. At weekly intervals thereafter, mice were sacrificed and dilution plate counts were performed on segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Mice were uniformly colonized by some strains for 2 weeks, whereas other strains were being cleared at that time. One strain (BO216) persisted in some mice for 3 weeks. The greatest number of organisms (10(7)) was recovered from the cecum and large intestine. The small intestine had from 10(2) to 10(5) colony-forming units. Colonization of the stomach was not found consistently. One strain killed 13% of the infected mice. Deaths occurred between 1 and 5 days postinfection. Two other strains killed a smaller percentage of challenged animals, and two additional strains killed none. Retarded weight gain was noticed in some, but not all, of the infected mice. The intestines of neonatal rats and rabbits were colonized much the same as those of mice, whereas hamsters were resistant to colonization. Preweanling mice, up to about 6.5 to 7.0 g, could be colonized with C. fetus subsp. jejuni after intragastric challenge, but weanling mice of larger weight (9.8 g) and young adult mice (18.3 g) could not. Scanning electron photomicrographs of the lower ileum showed campylobacters in and below the dried mucous gel that lines the intestines. The use of this model for additional studies is discussed.
High-Speed Four-Parallel 64-Point Radix-2⁴ MDF FFT/IFFT Processor for MIMO-OFDM Systems

This paper presents a design and implementation result of a high-speed, low-complexity four data-path 64-point radix-2⁴ FFT/IFFT processor for high-throughput MIMO-OFDM wireless LAN system. The proposed FFT/IFFT processor can provide a higher throughput rate and low hardware complexity by using a four-parallel datapath scheme and a multipath delay feed-back (MDF) structure. The proposed four data-path 64-point MDF FFT/IFFT processor has a throughput rate of up to 600 M sample/s at 150 ㎒ while requiring much smaller hardware complexity satisfying IEEE 802.11n standard requirements.
Scale-Space Features in 1D Omnidirectional Images

We define a family of interest operators for extracting features from one-dimensional omnidirectional images, and explore the utility of such features for navigation and localization of a mobile robot equipped with an omnidirec- tional camera. A 1D circular image, formed by averaging the scanlines of a cylin- drical panorama, provides a compact representation of the robot's surroundings. Feature detection proceeds by applying local interest operators in the scale space of the image. The work is inspired by the recent success of similar operators de- veloped for 2D images. The advantages of using features in omnidirectional 1D images are fast processing times and low storage requirements, which allows a dense sampling of views. We present experimental results on real images that demonstrate that our features are insensitive to noise, illumination variations, and changes in camera orientation. We also demonstrate that most features remain stable over changes in viewpoint and in the presence of some occlusion, thus allowing reliable tracking of features through sequences of frames.
Retaliation or selfishness? An rTMS investigation of the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in prosocial motives

ABSTRACT Equity, fairness and cooperative behavior are crucial for everyday social interactions. Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is involved in the evaluation of violations of fairness rules, though difficulties remain to determine its role in implementing retaliating or forgiving responses to unfairness. Accordingly, we applied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left and right DLPFC and investigated the impact of the DLPFC on retaliation and selfishness using a sequential neuroeconomic task establishing a role reversal. That is, participants first played an Ultimatum Game (in the role of a recipient) against fair or unfair proposers, followed by a Dictator Game in the role of a proposer. Following inhibition of the right DLPFC, subjects showed an increased punishment rate regarding previously unfair opponents. Surprisingly, previously fair opponents were also treated less fairly after rTMS to the right DLPFC, but not after left or sham rTMS. Previous work suggests that the right DLPFC provides “top-down” cognitive control over prepotent emotional responses to unfairness. Our results indicate, however, that the right DLPFC may be involved in controlling selfish behavior and that its suppression leads to maximization of one’s own benefit, regardless of another’s fairness or unfairness in previous encounters.
Sintesis Paduan Kobalt melalui Teknik Peleburan dan Karakterisasinya sebagai Implan Tulang Prosthesis

Cobalt-based alloys are widely used to be prosthesis because of their excellent properties. In this work, cobalt alloys variation of Cr have been synthesized by smelting method and accompanied by rolling process. The evaluated material properties show that microstructure dominant by γ phase. It was also found that the whole process of synthesis have good solubility. Hardness value show variation of 33% Cr include on the range of ASTMF75 that is 345,24 VHN. Corrosion test result show variation of 31,5% and 34,5% Cr satisfy corrosion rate of Europe standard (0,457 mpy). But on the other hand, they have good biocompatibility.
Charm as a domain wall fermion in quenched lattice QCD

We report a study describing the charm quark by a domain-wall fermion (DWF) in lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Our study uses a quenched gauge ensemble with the DBW2 rectangle-improved gauge action at a lattice cutoff of a{sup -1}{approx}3 GeV. We calculate masses of heavy-light (charmed) and heavy-heavy (charmonium) mesons with spin-parity J{sup P}=0{sup {+-}} and 1{sup {+-}}, leptonic decay constants of the charmed pseudoscalar mesons (D and D{sub s}), and the D{sup 0}-D{sup 0} mixing parameter. The charm quark mass is found to be m{sub c}{sup MS}(m{sub c})=1.24(1){sub stat}(18){sub syst} GeV. The mass splittings in charmed-meson parity partners {delta}{sub q,J=0} and {delta}{sub q,J=1} are degenerate within statistical errors, in accordance with experiment, and they satisfy a relation {delta}{sub q=ud,J}>{delta}{sub q=s,J}, also consistent with experiment. Using our lattice calculation of the splitting between h{sub c} and {chi}{sub c1} and the experimental {chi}{sub c1} mass, we obtain a parity-odd axial-vector charmonium state m{sub h{sub c}}=3533(11){sub stat}(336){sub syst} MeV, with a systematic error dominated by heavy quark discretization at order (am{sub c}){sup 2}. However, in this regard, we emphasize significant discrepancies in the calculation of hyperfine splittings on the lattice. The leptonic decay constants of D and D{sub s} mesons are found tomore » be f{sub D}=232(7){sub stat}((+6/-0)){sub chiral}(17){sub syst} MeV and f{sub D{sub s}}/f{sub D}=1.05(2){sub stat}((+0/-2)){sub chiral}(2){sub syst}, where the first error is statistical, the second is systematic due to chiral extrapolation, and the third error is a combination of other known systematics. The D{sup 0}-D{sup 0} mixing bag parameter, which enters the {delta}C=2 transition amplitude, is found to be B{sub D}(2 GeV)=0.845(24){sub stat}((+24/-6)){sub chiral}(105){sub syst}. All the above systematic errors include our estimates of quenching errors. « less
Prominent features of the amino acid mutation landscape in cancer

Cancer can be viewed as a set of different diseases with distinctions based on tissue origin, driver mutations, and genetic signatures. Accordingly, each of these distinctions have been used to classify cancer subtypes and to reveal common features. Here, we present a different analysis of cancer based on amino acid mutation signatures. Non-negative Matrix Factorization and principal component analysis of 29 cancers revealed six amino acid mutation signatures, including four signatures that were dominated by either arginine to histidine (Arg>His) or glutamate to lysine (Glu>Lys) mutations. Sample-level analyses reveal that while some cancers are heterogeneous, others are largely dominated by one type of mutation. Using a non-overlapping set of samples from the COSMIC somatic mutation database, we validate five of six mutation signatures, including signatures with prominent arginine to histidine (Arg>His) or glutamate to lysine (Glu>Lys) mutations. This suggests that our classification of cancers based on amino acid mutation patterns may provide avenues of inquiry pertaining to specific protein mutations that may generate novel insights into cancer biology.
Denoising Two-Photon Calcium Imaging Data

Two-photon calcium imaging is now an important tool for in vivo imaging of biological systems. By enabling neuronal population imaging with subcellular resolution, this modality offers an approach for gaining a fundamental understanding of brain anatomy and physiology. Proper analysis of calcium imaging data requires denoising, that is separating the signal from complex physiological noise. To analyze two-photon brain imaging data, we present a signal plus colored noise model in which the signal is represented as harmonic regression and the correlated noise is represented as an order autoregressive process. We provide an efficient cyclic descent algorithm to compute approximate maximum likelihood parameter estimates by combing a weighted least-squares procedure with the Burg algorithm. We use Akaike information criterion to guide selection of the harmonic regression and the autoregressive model orders. Our flexible yet parsimonious modeling approach reliably separates stimulus-evoked fluorescence response from background activity and noise, assesses goodness of fit, and estimates confidence intervals and signal-to-noise ratio. This refined separation leads to appreciably enhanced image contrast for individual cells including clear delineation of subcellular details and network activity. The application of our approach to in vivo imaging data recorded in the ferret primary visual cortex demonstrates that our method yields substantially denoised signal estimates. We also provide a general Volterra series framework for deriving this and other signal plus correlated noise models for imaging. This approach to analyzing two-photon calcium imaging data may be readily adapted to other computational biology problems which apply correlated noise models.
Aspect based sentiment analysis for review rating prediction

Aspect based sentiment analysis consists of aspect and sentiment extraction, and determination of the sentiment's orientation. In this paper, we propose a system to extract the aspect sentiment pair and compute the rating for each grouped aspect. Our approach starts with selecting the subjective sentences in the reviews. Then, it extracts aspects and opinions from the sentences, and determine the orientation of the sentiment. Aspects are clustered together by using WordNet with the prior knowledge of the aspect categories. Finally, it measures the rating for each aspect category. We evaluate our approach by three criteria: precision, recall, and F1-Measure. The subjectivity classification model and extraction model has F1-Measure value of 0.783 and 0.794 respectively.
'Arthritis' in Byzantium (AD 324-1453): unknown information from non-medical literary sources.

OBJECTIVE--To compile and analyse information contained in non-medical texts of the Byzantine historians and chroniclers concerning arthritis, and to clarify the first use of Colchicum autumnale in the treatment of gout by the fifth century physician, Jacob Psychristus. CONCLUSIONS--This material gives an indication of the problem of arthritis and, in particular, a disease resembling gout that tyrannised a great number of the population in the Byzantine Empire (AD 324-1453). Contemporary historians and chroniclers maintain that the main causes of gout ('podagra') were the over-consumption of alcoholic drinks and food. Most relevant texts include anxiety and heredity among the aetiological factors of the disease. The incidence of this group of diseases among the Byzantine Emperors (it is certain that 14 of a total of 86 had a form of arthritis) and other officials of the State indicates that these diseases were a possible factor in certain political and military difficulties of the Empire.
Univariate Polynomial Inference by Monte Carlo Message Length Approximation

We apply the Message from Monte Carlo (MMC) algorithm to inference of univariate polynomials. MMC is an algorithm for point estimation from a Bayesian posterior sample. It partitions the posterior sample into sets of regions that contain similar models. Each region has an associated message length (given by Dowe’s MMLD approximation) and a point estimate that is representative of models in the region. The regions and point estimates are chosen so that the KullbackLeibler distance between models in the region and the associated point estimate is small (using Wallace’s FSMML Boundary Rule). We compare the MMC algorithm’s point estimation performance with Minimum Message Length [12] and Structural Risk Minimisation on a set of ten polynomial and nonpolynomial functions with Gaussian noise. The orthonormal polynomial parameters are sampled using reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo methods.
Minimizing Message Delivery Cost in Mobile Agent Location Management

A Mobile agent is a software program with so high mobility that it is difficult to transmit and receive messages accurately. At present, the location management of mobile agent consists of tracking phase and message delivery phase, both of which dutifully create or incur plenty of update messages and interaction messages separately in order to guarantee the effectiveness of mobile agent location management scheme. However, the transmission of messages not only affects the overall performance of mobile agent location management scheme, but also causes the network overhead. Therefore, this paper proposes a ratio-based update scheme that can minimize the overall transmission cost of produced messages. A number of simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the proposed scheme. And, as a consequence, the simulation results reveal that this scheme is general, adaptable, and possessed of higher granularity in the network latency; moreover, the results also indicate that this scheme is better than previous schemes in optimizing the caused overall performance overhead.
The presence of two Fc receptors on mouse macrophages: evidence from a variant cell line and differential trypsin sensitivity

A stable variant of a clone of the P388D1 macrophage line was isolated using four cycles of treatment with mouse IgG2a-rabbit anti-kappa complexes and rabbit complement. The variant had the same Ka and about the same number of sites per cell for IgG2a as the parent line. However, the variant had 10% as many binding sites for rabbit IgG in soluble antigen-antibody complexes, and the affinity of binding was threefold higher. This change in binding of complexes to cells of a cloned line without alternation of IgG2a binding provides evidence for the presence of two distinct Fc receptors. The two receptors could also be distiguished on the P388D1 line and on thioglycollate-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages by differential sensitivity to trypsinization. The receptors that bind monomeric IgG2a, sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) covalently bound with IgG2a or rabbit IgG using glutaraldehyde, and Sephadex beads coupled with IgG2a or rabbit IgG using cyanogen bromide activitation, is sensitive to trypsinization. The receptor that binds soluble rabbit antibody-antigen complexes, trinitrophenyl-SRBC and dinitrophenyl(DNP)-bovine serum albumin Sephadex beads coated with rabbit anti-DNP IgG is trypsin resitant, the observation that uncomplexed rabbit IgG oes not bind to the trypsin-resistant receptor, whereas the same IgG bound to its antigen does, suggests that conformational changes induced by the binding of ligand may be of consequence in macrophage function.
Genetic and Pharmacologic Models for Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by a partial or total insufficiency of insulin. The premiere animal model of autoimmune T cell‐mediated T1D is the NOD mouse. A dominant negative mutation in the mouse insulin 2 gene ( Ins2 Akita ) produces a severe insulin deficiency syndrome without autoimmune involvement, as do a variety of transgenes overexpressed in beta cells. Pharmacologically induced T1D (without autoimmunity) elicited by alloxan or streptozotocin at high doses can generate hyperglycemia in almost any strain of mouse by direct toxicity. Multiple low doses of streptozotocin combine direct beta cell toxicity with local inflammation to elicit T1D in a male‐sex‐specific fashion. A summary of protocols relevant to the management of these different mouse models will be covered in this overview. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol.3:9‐19 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Special network algorithms with gains

Several optimalization algorithms have been proposed for the solution the minimal and the multiterminal minimal path of a network having cost (distance) function. In this paper we present these algorithms in a special network in which on the edges a gain function is given. On the edge (x,y) of the network a t(x,y) transportation cost is defined. In the course of the transportation on the edge (x,y) the goods loose a part of there weight. If one unit of goods is transported from point x to point y then k(x,y) unite of goods arrive at point y, where 0≪k(x,y)≪1. The above mentioned 2 algorithms are presented in the network having gains. These problems are interested not only theoretically, but in the practice too. For example the maximal flow problem could be used in the case of electrical network, where we are interested to know the amount of electricity on the edges of the network.
A Histidine Switch in Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Triggers Paramyxovirus-Cell Membrane Fusion

ABSTRACT Most paramyxovirus fusion proteins require coexpression of and activation by a homotypic attachment protein, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), to promote membrane fusion. However, the molecular mechanism of the activation remains unknown. We previously showed that the incorporation of a monohistidylated lipid into F-virosome (Sendai viral envelope containing only fusion protein) enhanced its fusion to hepatocytes, suggesting that the histidine residue in the lipid accelerated membrane fusion. Therefore, we explored whether a histidine moiety in HN could similarly direct activation of the fusion protein. In membrane fusion assays, the histidine substitution mutants of HN (H247A of Sendai virus and H245A of human parainfluenza virus 3) had impaired membrane fusion promotion activity without significant changes in other biological activities. Synthetic 30-mer peptides corresponding to regions of the two HN proteins containing these histidine residues rescued the fusion promoting activity of the mutants, whereas peptides with histidine residues substituted by alanine did not. These histidine-containing peptides also activated F-virosome fusion with hepatocytes both in the presence and in the absence of mutant HN in the virosome. We provide evidence that the HN-mimicking peptides promote membrane fusion, revealing a specific histidine “switch” in HN that triggers fusion.
A MODIFIED METHOD OF DETERMINING THE PROTODYAKONOV NUMBER, AND ITS CORRELATION WITH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

A MODIFIED METHOD OF DETERMINING THE PROTODYAKONOV NUMBER, OR STRENGTH COEFFICIENT, FROM THE DROP-HAMMER TEST IS DEVELOPED, USING BRITISH ROCKS INCLUDING RED, WHITE AND BLUE SANDSTONES, LIMESTONES AND IGNEOUS ROCKS. A GRAPH OF NUMBER OF BLOWS AND LENGTH OF FINES COLUMN PRODUCED IS OBTAINED. THE NUMBER OF BLOWS TO PRODUCE 50 MM OF FINES, AFTER SMOOTHING THE GRAPH, IS USED TO DETERMINE THE PROTODYAKONOV NUMBER FROM THE STANDARD FORMULA F'=20(N/1). COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH WAS OBTAINED EXPERIMENTALLY BY CRUSHING 25 MM DIAMETER CYLINDERS, 50 MM LONG, AND COMPARED WITH THE STRENGTH CALCULATED FROM F'. THE CORRELATION WAS POOR. YOUNG'S MODULUS WAS DETERMINED FROM SHORE SCLEROSCOPE READINGS, H, AND COMBINED WITH F' TO CALCULATE THE STRENGTH. THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STRENGTH AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH WAS GOOD EXCEPT FOR HIGH STRENGTH ROCKS. THERE WAS A BETTER CORRELATION BETWEEN SHORE READING AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH.