Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequence analysis reveals homology between two proteins of the flagellar radial spoke

Flagellar radial spokes contribute to the regulation of dynein arm activity and thus the pattern of flagellar bending. We have sequenced the genes for radial spoke protein 4 (RSP4) and RSP6, two of the five proteins that make up the radial spoke head in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The two genes, which are tightly linked genetically (B. Huang, G. Piperno, Z. Ramanis, and D.J.L. Luck, J. Cell Biol. 88:80-88, 1981), are separated by only 435 bp. They encode proline-rich polypeptides of 49.8 kDa (RSP4) and 48.8 kDa (RSP6), which are 48% identical to each other but do not resemble any previously sequenced proteins. The transcription start sites of these genes and an additional radial spoke protein gene, that for RSP3, were determined, and patterns of mRNA accumulation during flagellar regeneration were examined for the three radial spoke protein genes. These studies provide the molecular tools for a detailed analysis of radial spoke head function and assembly and for a determination of the mechanism by which the genes required to build a complex organelle are regulated.
Blood coagulation-( in ) dependent protease activated receptor signaling in pancreatic cancer

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Moving object segmentation in video using spatiotemporal saliency and laplacian coordinates

This paper presents a new algorithm for automatic segmentation of moving objects in video based on spatiotemporal saliency and laplacian coordinates (LC). Our algorithm exploits the saliency and the motion information to build a spatio-temporal saliency map, used to extract a moving region of interest (MRI). This region is used to provide automatically the seeds for the segmentation of the moving object using LC. Experiments show a good performance of our algorithm for moving objects segmentation in video without a user interaction, especially on Segtrack dataset.
Effects of carvedilol on ventriculo-arterial coupling in patients with heart failure.

BACKGROUND Ventriculo-arterial coupling, defined as the ratio of the effective afterload (Ea) to contractility (Ees), reflects the mechano-energetic performance of the heart and is increased in chronic heart failure (CHF); the aim of treatment is to reduce its value. We studied the effect of carvedilol on the Ea/Ees ratio in patients with CHF treated with ACE-inhibitors, diuretics, and digoxin. METHODS Between November 1999 and October 2001, 36 consecutive ambulatory patients (aged 31 to 76 years) with stable CHF and idiopathic or hypertensive cardiomyopathy, in sinus rhythm and with a left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 40%, were started on carvedilol and the dose was increased to the maximum tolerated. Ees was calculated as the left ventricular systolic pressure--taken as the systolic arterial pressure measured using the cuff manometer simultaneously with two-dimensional echocardiographic recordings--divided by the left ventricular end-systolic volume. Ea was measured as the ratio of the left ventricular systolic pressure to the stroke volume. All patients were investigated prospectively after 6 and 12 months of treatment. RESULTS Out of 36 patients, 4 did not tolerate the drug and were dropped out. At 6.35 +/- 1 months, the daily dosage of carvedilol was 49.7 +/- 21 mg. The NYHA functional class improved from 1.52 +/- 0.67 to 1.29 +/- 0.53 (p = 0.017), the heart rate markedly diminished from 73.6 +/- 13.3 to 60.8 +/- 10.8 b/min (p < 0.001) and so did Ea (3.35 +/- 0.91 to 2.84 +/- 0.93, p = 0.001). Peripheral resistances and Ees did not change. Therefore, the decrease in the Ea/Ees ratio (2.61 +/- 0.78 vs 2.19 +/- 0.89, p = 0.004) and the related increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (28.8 +/- 5.68 vs 33.3 +/- 7.5%, p < 0.001) were due to the decrease in Ea, while Ees did not vary significantly. Moreover, the Ea reduction was related linearly to the decrease in heart rate (r = 0.46, p = 0.001). There was no change in diuretic or ACE-inhibitor dosing during carvedilol titration. At 14.7 +/- 2 months of follow-up, no further variation occurred, short of a trend toward a slight increase in Ees (1.38 +/- 0.49 to 1.58 +/- 0.65, p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Carvedilol, added to the conventional therapy of CHF, improves left ventricular performance and reduces the Ea/Ees ratio by decreasing Ea, mainly through a reduction in heart rate. This effect is already evident at 6 months and persists later on, while only after 12 months does Ees tend to increase slightly.
Audio effects to enhance spatial information displays

Vision and hearing are inherently different perceptual systems. The vision system is tuned to extract spatial information of surfaces and edges, while the auditory system is better suited to detect the temporal behavior of sources. However there are spatial audio effects that can be used to overcome some limitations of visual displays, especially when time-varying complex scenarios have to be rendered, and when the visual display devices are limited in size and complexity. We review some spatial sound effects and give hints for applications in information visualization.
RNA 5′-Triphosphatase Activity of the Hepatitis E Virus Helicase Domain

ABSTRACT Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has a positive-sense RNA genome with a 5′-m7G cap. HEV open reading frame 1 (ORF1) encodes a polyprotein with multiple enzyme domains required for replication. HEV helicase is a nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase) with the ability to unwind RNA duplexes in the 5′-to-3′ direction. When incubated with 5′-[γ-32P]RNA and 5′-[α-32P]RNA, HEV helicase released 32P only from 5′-[γ-32P]RNA, showing specificity for the γ-β-triphosphate bond. Removal of γ-phosphate from the 5′ end of the primary transcripts (pppRNA to ppRNA) by RNA triphosphatase is an essential step during cap formation. It is suggested that HEV employs the helicase to mediate the first step of 5′ cap synthesis.
The Effects of Varying Glide Durations On Diphthong Identification

Traditionally, diphthongs have been described as consisting of an initial steady-state portion, a glide, and a relatively short final steady-state portion. This study investigated the contribution of glides of variable duration, in the presence of steady-state portions of fixed duration, to diphthong identification. The three American English diphthongs /ai/, /au/ and /? / were synthesized, employing fixed durations for the steady-state portions and varying the duration of the glide from zero (no glide) to approximately 150 msec. Two-vowel sequences, identical to the steady-state portions of the diphthongs and separated by "gaps" of varying durations, were also synthesized. Four different fundamental-frequency values were employed in the synthesis. The stimuli were presented to subjects, who were asked to identify each item as one of the three diphthongs or one of the three possible two-vowel sequences. The glide durations at which identification of the stimuli changed from diphthong to vowel sequence were different for the three vocalic sequences tested; the identification pattern was also influenced by the fundamental-frequency values.
Impacts of historic climate variability on seasonal soil frost in the midwestern United States.

Abstract The present study examines the effects of historic climate variability on cold-season processes, including soil temperature, frost depth, and the number of frost days and freeze–thaw cycles. Considering the importance of spatial and temporal variability in cold-season processes, the study was conducted in the midwestern United States using both observations and model simulations. Model simulations used the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model (LSM) to reconstruct and to analyze changes in the long-term (i.e., 1917–2006) means of soil frost variables. The VIC model was calibrated using observed streamflow records and near-surface soil temperatures and then evaluated for streamflow, soil temperature, frost depth, and soil moisture before its application at the regional scale. Soil frost indicators—such as the number of frost days and freeze–thaw cycles—were determined from observed records and were tested for the presence of significant trends. Overall trends in extreme and mean .
‘Misunderstood Love’: Children and Wet Nurses, Creoles and Kings in Lima's Enlightenment1

‘The creole,’ Juan Pablo Viscado y Guzmán wrote in a 1781 letter, ‘far from being abhorred’ by the non-white majority of the New World, ‘is respected, and what is more even loved . Born among Indians, [creoles] are suckled by their women . and they have become almost the same people (polopo). ’ Viscardo, a Peruvian Jesuit exiled in Italy, addressed these comments to a British consul. His letter was an attempt to persuade the English to send troops to fuel the Túpac Amaru II rebellion, which had set the Andes ablaze in the years 1780 /82. In this and other epistolary writings, the Jesuit repeatedly argued that Spanish American creoles had fostered an intimacy with the Indian population because, born and raised together, they shared customs and attitudes, not least of which was a mutual resentment of colonial rule. When Viscardo composed his famously revolutionary ‘Letter to Spanish Americans’ 10 years later, the theme of childhood recurred as a central trope. He portrayed Spain alternately as a ‘distant father’ and as a ‘perverse guardian, who is accustomed to living in pride and opulence at the expense of his ward. ’ America was a ‘son’ who would be ‘a fool if in the conduct of his concerns he always waited for the decision of his father. ’ ‘The son,’ he proclaimed, ‘is set free by natural right. ’ In his closing remarks, Viscardo rallied his compatriots across the Atlantic to independence, to form ‘one great family of brothers’ (Viscardo y Guzmán [1810] 2002, 72, 81 /82, 85). Employing family metaphors to describe political society was unique neither to Viscardo nor to his historical moment. The Jesuit plucked his characterization of an independent Spanish America as a fraternity from the dominant discourses of the Age of Revolution. Lynn Hunt, for one, has described the collapse of the ancien régime in France as a Freudian ‘family romance’ in which regicide was tantamount to patricide and in which revolutions created nations comprised of citizen-brothers (1992; also see Burrows and Wallace 1972; Fliegelman 1982; Yazawa 1985; Pateman 1988).
Unify 3D Shape Retrieval and Classification in One Framework

In conventional 3D shape retrieval and classification, they both need to compute the similarity between the input shapes and candidate or training 3D shapes. As for 3D shape classification, it essentially computes the distance between the query shapes and the categories, which means the 3D shapes are all labeled. However, in 3D shape retrieval, there are no categories, all candidate shapes are not labeled. By rendering 3D shape as 2D depth images, we can treat every candidate shape as its own category. Thus, we can propose a unified framework for the instance-based shape retrieval and classification. We first render every 3D shape in several directions and use the produced view-sets to represent this 3D shape. Then, we train a multi-view convolutional neural network, which can map a single view image or view-sets to the same metric space. Thus, the shape retrieval and classification tasks are reduced to a problem of measuring the distances between rendered views and view-sets. At last, we use a robust nearest-neighbor approach to unify the instance-based shape search and classification. The final experiments proves the effectiveness of our method.
Communication over MIMO Multi-User Systems: Signalling and Fairness

Employment of the multiple-antenna transmitters/receivers in communication systems is known as a promising solution to provide high-data-rate wireless links. In the multiuser environments, the problems of signaling and fairness for multi-antenna systems have emerged as challenging problems. This dissertation deals with these problems in several multi-antenna multi-user scenarios. In part one, a simple signaling method for the multi-antenna broadcast channels is proposed. This method reduces the MIMO broadcast system to a set of parallel channels. The proposed scheme has several desirable features in terms of: (i) accommodating users with different number of receive antennas, (ii) exploiting multi-user diversity, and (iii) requiring low feedback rate. The simulation results and analytical evaluations indicate that the achieved sum-rate is close to the sum-capacity of the underlying broadcast channel. In part two, for multiple-antenna systems with two transmitters and two receivers, a new non-cooperative scenario of data communication is studied in which each receiver receives data from both transmitters. For such a scenario, a signaling scheme is proposed which decomposes the system into two broadcast or two multi-access subchannels. Using the decomposition scheme, it is shown that this signaling scenario outperforms the other known non-cooperative schemes in terms of the achievable multiplexing gain. In particular for some special cases, the achieved multiplexing gain is
Secure beamforming design in wiretap MISO interference channels

In this paper, we study the secrecy communication in two-user MISO interference networks where an eavesdropper is only interested in one of the transmitters, i.e., transmitter 1. We propose a generalized beamforming design to maximize the achievable secrecy rate of transmitter 1 while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) of the other destination. The non-convex problem can be transformed into a two-stage problem. The inner stage is a semidefinite program (SDP) problem based on the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and the outer stage is a one dimensional line search problem. It is also shown in the proof that the SDR is always tight and yields a rank-one solution. Furthermore, we also propose a low-complexity null-space beamforming design scheme in which the beamforming vectors can be obtained by solving a second-order cone program (SOCP) problem. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the two proposed schemes in improving the secrecy rate performance.
Preferences for Banking and Payment Services Among Low- and Moderate-Income Households

This paper characterizes the features of an account-based payment card--including bank debit cards, prepaid debit cards, and payroll cards--that elicit a high take-rate among low- and moderate-income (LMI) households, particularly those without bank accounts. We apply marketing research techniques, specifically choice modeling, to identify the design of a specific financial services product for LMI households, who often face difficulties maintaining standard bank accounts but need banking services. After monthly cost, we find that, on average, non-monetary features of a payment card, such as the availability of federal protection and the type of card, are factors LMI consumers weigh most heavily when choosing among differently designed payment cards. We estimate a high take rate for a well-designed payment card that is decreasing in its cost. The sensitivity of the take-rate with respect to cost varies by income and bank account ownership. These results can guide private and public sector initiatives to expand the range of financial services available to LMI households.
Enhancing Mysql Injector vulnerability checker tool (Mysql Injector) using inference binary search algorithm for blind timing-based attack

Securing the database against frequent attacks is a big concern; attackers usually intend to snitch private information and damage databases. These days, web applications are widely used as a meddler between computer users. Web applications are also used mostly by e-commerce companies, and these types of applications need a secured database in order to keep sensitive and confidential information. Since Blind SQL injection attacks occurred as a new way of accessing database through the application rather than directly through the database itself, they have become popular among hackers and malicious users. Many detection tools are developed to handle this problem but they have limitations. This study enhances SQL-injection vulnerability scanning tool for automatic creation of SQL-injection attacks (MYSQL Injector) using time-based attack with Inference Binary Search Algorithm. It covers four types of blind SQL injection attacks, true/false, true error, time-based and order by attacks. This tool will automate the process of the blind SQL injection attacks to check the blind SQL injection vulnerability in the PHP-based websites that use MySQL databases. Forty four vulnerable websites and thirty non vulnerable websites were tested to ensure the accuracy of the tool. The result shows 93% accuracy for detecting the vulnerability while MySQL injector performs 84%.
Mild Hypothermia Improves Transient Gene Expression Yields Several Fold in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

Large‐scale transient gene expression (TGE) in mammalian cells is a rapid method to generate recombinant proteins, but the volumetric productivity for secreted proteins is still more than an order of magnitude lower than the yields typically achieved with recombinant cell lines. Here transient recombinant protein production in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with linear 25 kDa polyethylenimine was significantly enhanced by incubation of the cells at temperatures ranging from 29 to 33 °C after DNA delivery. With this approach, transient recombinant antibody yields of 60–80 mg/L were achieved within 6 days of transfection. The increase in TGE correlated with the accumulation of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, increased cell size, higher cell viability, higher steady‐state levels of transgene mRNA, reduced consumption of nutrients, and decreased accumulation of waste products. The enhancement of TGE was not vector‐dependent, but the presence of the woodchuck hepatitis virus post‐transcriptional regulatory element in the 3′ untranslated region of the transgene mRNA increased transient recombinant antibody expression more than 3‐fold at 31 °C as compared to expression at 37 °C. The yields achieved by the low‐temperature enhancement of TGE in CHO cells makes this technology feasible for the rapid production of gram amounts of secreted recombinant proteins at large scale (up to 100 L).
Trilinear Space-Time-Frequency Codes for broadband MIMO-OFDM systems

A new multi-antenna coding framework is proposed for space-time-frequency (STF) transmissions over broadband multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). A tensor decomposition known as PARAFAC is used as the core of a multi- stream space-time-frequency coder that jointly multiplex and spreads several input streams over space (transmit antennas), time (symbol periods) and frequency (subcarriers). We coin the term trilinear STF codes since each input symbol is coded over a space-time-frequency grid by a triple product code: each trilinearly coded symbol is interpreted as an element of a third-order tensor, which can be decomposed using PAFAFAC analysis. Trilinear STF codes are designed for an arbitrary number of transmit and receive antennas. They afford a variable degree of multiplexing-spreading over each one of the three signal dimensions while providing full diversity gain for each multiplexed stream. At the receiver, a direct blind decoding based on a relatively simple linear processing is made possible thanks to the PARAFAC modeling of the received signal. Computer simulation results are provided for performance assessment of the proposed codes in a variety of configurations.
A second look at the complex innovation phenomenon through a 'dialogical' principle

Today, organisations are entering into an area of accelerated movement. Their functioning modalities have to include a more important part of capacity to be flexible and to face the changes within the more and more uncertain business environment (Kreiner cited by Olsson, 2005). In order to survive in this uncertain environment, companies have to make a strategic choice. Either by focusing on their core activities or by diversifying their offerings, etc. while giving at the same time a significant part to innovation in terms of products, processes and/or technologies. This article, built from qualitative individual interviews with managers, attempts to introduce a theoretical approach of innovation based on the complexity paradigm. We are convinced that a better understanding of the innovation's complexity will help managers to respond with innovation and intelligence to this phenomenon. Thus, understanding innovation's complexity and different possible resulting reactions are essential factors in guaranteeing the durability of the organisation.
User acceptance of the microsoft Ribbon user interface

Modern graphical user interfaces are based on the WIMP (Window, Icon, Menu, Pointing device) paradigm which has been introduced around 1980 and used without any dramatic change until today. In 2007, Microsoft introduced the Ribbon: a radically redesigned user interface for the Office suite as a reaction to increasing complexity of the Office suite user interface with each new version release. We carried out a qualitative user study on the Microsoft Word 2007 in order to analyse how the Ribbon user interface is accepted by users.
MBONE: the multicast backbone

The first thing many researchers like me do when they come to work is read their email. The second thing on my list is to check what is on the MBone-the Multicast Backbone, which is a virtual network on “top” of the Internet providing a multicasting facility to the Internet. There might be video from the Space Shuttle, a seminar from Xerox, a plenary session from an interesting conference or a software demonstration for the Swedish prime minister. It all started in March 1992 when the first audiocast on the Internet took place from the Internet Enginrering Task Force (IETF) meeting in San Diego. At that event 20 sites listened to the audiocast. Two years later, at the IETF meeting in Scattle about 567 hosts in 15 countries tuned in to the two parallel broadcasting channels (audio and video) and also talked back (audio) and joined the discussions! The networking community now takes it for grantrd that the IETF meetings will be distributed via MBone. MBone has also been used to distribute experimental data from a robot at the bottom of the Sea of Cortee (as will be described later) as well as a late Saturday night feature movie WAX or the Dmovely sf Televmon Among the Bee. ~ by David Blair. As soon as some crucial tools existed, the usage just exploded. Many people started using MBone for conferences, weather maps, research experiments, to follow the Space Shuttle, for rxample. At thr Swedish Institute of Computer Science (SICS) we saw our contribution to the Swedish University Network SUNET, increase from 26GB per month in February 1993 to 69GB per month in March 1993. This was mainly due to multicast tmff,c as SICS at that time was the major connection point between the U.S. and Europe in MBone. MBone has also (in)directIy been the cause of severe problam m the NSFnet backbone, saturation of major international links rendering them useless as well as sites being completely disconnected due to Internet Connrction Management Protocol (ICMP) responses flooding the networks. We will expand on this later in this article.