Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Cobra perilaryngeal airway (CPLA) as an airway conduit*

Background and Objective: The effectiveness of the Cobra perilaryngeal airway as a routine airway device and as a conduit for tracheal intubation has not been prospectively studied to date. This study aimed to evaluate the Cobra perilaryngeal airway for its potential role in an emergency airway rescue, by analysing its use as a bridge to blind or fibre‐optic‐guided intubation. Methods: In 49 patients, the procedure was carried out as follows: fibre‐optic view through the Cobra perilaryngeal airway was assessed after the insertion of the Cobra perilaryngeal airway, then blind intubation through the Cobra perilaryngeal airway was attempted. After evaluating the success of blind intubation, fibre‐optic‐guided intubation was performed through the Cobra perilaryngeal airway. The endotracheal tube was removed after evaluating the success of fibre‐optic‐guided intubation, and then conventional laryngoscopy was carried out to evaluate the Cormack & Lehane grade and airway trauma. Results: In all, 95.9% (47/49) of patients had adequate ventilation using the Cobra perilaryngeal airway; the success rates for the blind and fibre‐optic‐guided intubation were 36.2% and 83.0%, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to the fibre‐optic view. Group 1 included patients with an obstructed view by an anterior grill of the Cobra perilaryngeal airway head, and a view of the anterior epiglottis (downfolded epiglottis) with or without a visible larynx (16/47, 34.0%). Group 2 included the remaining patients (31/47, 66.0%). The success rates of the blind and fibre‐optic intubations were different between the two groups (blind intubation: 12.5% vs. 48.4%, fibre‐optic intubation: 62.5% vs. 93.6%, P < 0.05). The success rates of blind and fibre‐optic‐guided intubations were not different according to the Cormack & Lehane grading (P > 0.05). 42.6% of patients had blood staining after removing the device and complications such as trauma and oedema were confirmed under direct laryngoscopy. Conclusion: This study suggests that the Cobra perilaryngeal airway could be a useful airway device as a vehicle for fibre‐optic‐guided intubation; however, it needs caution against airway trauma.
Interpreting Black Hole X‐Ray Spectra

I review the main theoretical conclusions from high‐energy spectral observations of Galactic Black Hole Candidate systems. With an eye towards future missions, I show how the ability to reach such conclusions depends critically on the type of spectral coverage one has available. Perhaps the most important factor in determining how well a set of observations constrains theoretical models is the range of energies that can be observed in a simultaneous manner, the wider the better. High spectral resolution observations over a narrow energy band, e.g., as provided by Chandra and eventually ASTRO E‐2, are potentially extremely interesting but not as useful as one might first think without an understanding of the underlying broad‐band continuum. A snapshot, time‐integrated spectrum that has very wide energy coverage, however, is still not sufficient to break all the current model degeneracies. The tightest model constraints instead come from combining spectral with timing information. The RXTE satellite excelle.
Brain activation measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging during the Tower of London task

Background: Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often suffer from a number of enduring cognitive impairments such as in attention, memory, speed of processing information and dual-task performance. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the patterns of regional brain activation in response to the Tower of London (ToL) task in a group of patients suffering from chronic TBI using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: fMRI was performed during performance of the ToL planning task in 10 patients suffering from severe TBI and in 10 age- and sex-matched controls using a 3 T magnetic resonance scanner. Results: Performance data showed no difference in response accuracy between the TBI group and the healthy control group. Statistical parametric brain maps showed that the TBI group activates larger and additional areas of the cerebral cortex than the healthy control group both for tasks and for a subtraction contrast between the tasks. Conclusions: The results of this study are interpreted as a cortical reorganization inside the executive system of vigilance and working memory in patients with TBI. Both parietal and frontal areas are recruited to compensate for damaged brain tissue.
Inteligência emocional na gestão da disciplina em sala de aula

A ocorrencia de comportamentos disruptivos em sala de aula integra um dos piores problemas vivenciados pelos professores atualmente.Este estudo investigou-se a relacao entre a inteligencia emocional (IE) e a gestao da disciplina na sala de aula. Participaram na investigacao 559 professores do Ensino Basico e Secundario. Foram utilizados como instrumentos o Questionario de Competencia Emocional, a Escala de Eficacia dos Professores na Gestao da Sala de Aula e uma ficha de dados pessoais e profissionais. Os resultados mostram que os docentes que apresentam mais capacidade para lidar com a emocao demonstram maior gestao da disciplina na sala de aula.
Validity of a new feedback method for the VEMP test

Conclusions. We used a feedback method, based on a blood pressure manometer with inflatable cuff, to control the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) contraction. To obtain comparable left-right VEMP responses, it is necessary (1) to determine which cuff pressures on both sides yield identical mean rectified voltage (MRV) values of the SCM contraction and (2) to apply these cuff pressures during the VEMP test. Objective. To investigate the ffect of the SCM muscle contraction variability on the VEMP variables when applying the feedback method. Materials and methods. Subjects pushed with their jaw against the hand-held inflated cuff to generate cuff pressures of subsequently 30, 40 and 50 mmHg during a MRV and VEMP measurement. Results. When analyzing the relationship between the applied cuff pressures and the MRV values/VEMP amplitudes, we showed that (1) there was a linear relationship, (2) there was no side effect and (3) there was an interaction effect between ‘side’ and ‘subject’. There was neither a side effect, nor an effect of the applied cuff pressure when considering the p13 latencies. As for the n23 values, there was no side effect but there was a significant difference when comparing the n23 latencies at cuff pressures of 30 vs 40 mmHg/50 mmHg.
MGMM: multiresolution Gaussian mixture models for computer vision

Introduces a generalisation of scale-space and pyramids, which combines statistical modelling with a spatial representation. The representation uses the familiar concept of multiple resolutions, but applied to a Gaussian mixture representation of the image-hence the title MGMM. It is shown that MGMM can approximate any probability density. Examples show how MGMM can be applied to problems such as segmentation and motion analysis.
A generative model for dynamic sensory scenes , and corresponding inference in a neural layer

The proposed generative model for a dynamic sensory scene is shown in fig.1. The presence or absence of each object in the scene if formalized by a hidden Markov model (HMM) with binary hidden states Xt i ∈ {0, 1} and binary observations St j ∈ {0, 1}. Xt i = 0 and Xt i = 1 are called the ’off-state’ and the ’on-state’ and for the St j , 0 vs. 1 stands for a spike vs. no spike from presynaptic neuron j, respectively. During small time intervals ∆t, the probabilities of the state Xt i to switch from 0 to 1 and vice versa are given by ron i ∆t = P (X t+∆t i = 1|Xt i = 0) and roff i ∆t = P (X t+∆t i = 0|Xt i = 1). ron i and roff i control respectively the rate of appearance and the average duration of the stimulus. the probability of observing a spike in channel j in time interval ∆t given the configuration Xt := [Xt 1, X t 2, . , X t M ] of hidden objects is modeled as a linear superposition: p(S j = 1|X) = ∆t ( q0 + ∑
Understanding social role participation: what matters to people with arthritis?

OBJECTIVE To assess the importance of different social roles in the lives of people with osteoarthritis (OA), and satisfaction with time spent in roles and role performance, as well as the relationship of demographic, health, and psychological factors to role perceptions. METHODS Sixty women and 27 men (age 42-86 yrs) with hip or knee OA were recruited from rehabilitation programs and community advertising. Participants completed interview-administered questionnaires measuring demographics, OA symptoms, activity limitations, and well-being (e.g., depression). They also completed the Social Role Participation Questionnaire (SRPQ) assessing the influence of arthritis on role salience and satisfaction across diverse role domains (e.g., close relationships, employment). RESULTS Participants reported many salient roles, but low to moderate satisfaction with them related to OA. SRPQ dimensions of salience and satisfaction were distinct; satisfaction with time spent in roles and with role performance was highly correlated (r = 0.83). Lower role salience was associated with being older, having less education and income, and greater illness intrusiveness. Less satisfaction with time spent in roles due to OA was associated with being younger, greater pain, and greater illness intrusiveness, whereas less satisfaction with role performance was associated with greater illness intrusiveness and depression. CONCLUSION This study addresses a gap -- the influence of OA on social role participation. It underscores the importance of taking into account individual perceptions of roles, and that these perceptions are multifaceted. Understanding diverse factors related to social roles may help identify individuals at risk for role difficulties and provide targets for interventions to improve role participation.
Comparative gene expression analysis of murine retina and brain.

PURPOSE Several high-throughput studies have described gene expression in the central nervous system (CNS), and recently there has been increasing interest in analyzing how gene expression compares in different regions of the CNS. As the retina is often used as a model system to study CNS development and function, we compared retina and brain gene expression using microarray analyses. METHODS Mouse retina, brain and liver RNA was hybridized to a custom cDNA microarray containing 5,376 genes and ESTs, and the data from the quantified scanned images were analyzed using Bioconductor and SAM. Preferential retina expression was confirmed by real-time PCR. The cellular distribution of genes newly identified as retina enriched genes was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Using stringent statistical analyses we identified 733 genes that were preferentially expressed in retina and 389 in brain. The retina-liver hybridizations identified an additional 837 retina enriched genes. The cellular distribution in the retina was determined for two genes that had not previously been reported to be expressed in the retina, the transcription regulatory proteins EWS and PCPB1. Both proteins were found primarily in the inner nuclear layer. Finally, a comparison of the microarray data to publicly available SAGE and EST library databases demonstrated only limited overlap of the sets of retina enriched genes identified by the different methodologies. The preferential retinal expression of a subset of genes from the microarray, which were not identified as differentially expressed by other methods, was confirmed by quantitative PCR. CONCLUSIONS The finding of differences in the groups of identified retina enriched genes from the various profiling techniques supports the use of multiple approaches to obtain a more complete description of retinal gene expression. Characterization of gene expression profiles of retina and brain may facilitate the understanding of the processes that underlie differences between the retina and other parts of the central nervous system.
Improved Prediction of Final Infarct Volume Using Bolus Delay–Corrected Perfusion-Weighted MRI: Implications for the Ischemic Penumbra

Background and Purpose— Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based perfusion measures using dynamic susceptibility contrast are extremely useful for identification of ischemic penumbral tissue in acute stroke. However, errors in the measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and mean transit time (MTT) can occur. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bolus delay–corrected (BDC) perfusion measures enable better delineation of the ischemic penumbra. Methods— Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) and perfusion-weighted MRI data were acquired from 19 acute stroke patients. Perfusion abnormalities were manually defined on BDC perfusion maps (corrected MTT [cMTT] and corrected CBF [cCBF]), and on maps derived from an arterial input function placed within the contralateral (CBF, MTT) and ipsilateral (ipsilateral CBF [iCBF] and ipsilateral MTT [iMTT]) middle cerebral artery. Perfusion lesion volumes were correlated with 30-day T2-weighted MRI lesion volumes and with clinical outcome using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Results— Spearman correlation coefficients for comparing lesion volumes delineated on DWI, CBF, iCBF, cCBF, MTT, iMTT, and cMTT maps with 30-day T2-weighted lesion volumes were 0.72, 0.87, 0.88, 0.90, 0.84, 0.92, and 0.96, respectively (all P<0.001). The analogous correlation coefficients for comparing 30-day National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were 0.39 (NS), 0.69 (NS), 0.75 (P<0.001), 0.62 (NS), 0.72 (P<0.001), 0.78 (P<0.001), and 0.83 (P<0.001), respectively. Conclusions— Uncorrected perfusion lesion volumes overestimated the extent of ischemic injury. BDC perfusion measures (cMTT) correlated more accurately with final lesion volume and clinical outcome. Such measures offer an improved estimation of the final infarct size in acute stroke.
Optimal scan for pipelined testing: an asynchronous foundation

This paper addresses the problem of constructing a scan chain such that (1) the area overhead is minimal for latch-based designs, and (2) the number of pipeline scan shifts is minimal. We present an efficient heuristic algorithm to construct near-optimal scan chains. On the theoretical side, we show that part (1) of the problem can be solved in polynomial time, and that part (2) is NP-hard, thus precisely pinpointing the source of complexity and justifying our heuristic approach. Experimental results on three industrial asynchronous IC designs show (1) less than 0.1% extra scan latches for level-sensitive scan design, and (2) scan shift reductions up to 86% over traditional scan schemes.
The increasingly plastic, hormone-responsive adult brain

Pity the poor neuroscientist. Drilled in details of neuroanatomy that have been gleaned from over a century's intensive research, we come to believe we have a reasonably accurate portrait of what the cells constituting the brain look like, and roughly what their connections are with one another. By 1949, Donald Hebb (1) persuasively described how the behavioral plasticity we see in adult animals, such as that exemplified in learning and memory, could be accomplished, in theory, by simply changing the strength of existing synapses, without any rewiring of the circuits. But it has become clear that, in fact, synaptic connections come and go even in the adult brain, and that our snapshot views of the brain at a single point in time may be missing the point. Indeed, reports from the annual assembly of some 25,000 congregants at the Society for Neurosciences meeting suggest that the adult brain is each year more plastic than it was the year before. In several systems, hormones play a role, fine tuning nervous system connections to facilitate, at the appropriate time, adaptive behaviors such as singing (2), copulation (3), pheromone detection (4), stress response (5), etc. In this issue of PNAS, Yankova and colleagues (6) report that the hormonally driven appearance of new synapses in one brain region, already shown to wax and wane in the course of just 4 days in the estrous cycle of female rats, is not a mere duplication of connections between two established partners. Rather, it appears that the new synapses represent a divergence of connections that may serve to synchronize neural activity, a circuit change that might prove relevant to epilepsy and/or the cognitive benefits of estrogen treatment. The new synapses represent a divergence of connections that may serve to synchronize neural activity, a circuit change that might …
Global Collaboration to Develop New and Existing Drugs for Neonates.

ther of these beliefs are justified, and it is inappropriate to expose neonates to potential risk without conclusive evidence that the drugs they are receiving are safe and efficacious. Neonates must participate in all stages of drug development in trials that use contemporary methods, because the health care industry has an ethical duty to meet the needs of this population. 3
Expression of N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate receptor subunit mRNAs in the human brain: Striatum and globus pallidus

N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NRs) play an important role in basal ganglia function. By using in situ hybridization with ribonucleotide probes, we investigated the regional and cellular distribution of NR subunit mRNA expression in the human basal ganglia: caudate nucleus, putamen, lateral globus pallidus (LGP), and medial globus pallidus (MGP). Analysis of both film autoradiograms and emulsion‐dipped slides revealed distinct distribution patterns for each subunit. On film autoradiograms, the signal for NR1, NR2B, and NR2C in the striatum (STR) was higher than in globus pallidus (GP). The NR2D probe gave a stronger signal in GP than in STR. For NR2A we found a signal in all regions. Analysis of emulsion‐dipped sections demonstrated that in striatal neurons, the NR2B signal was higher than in GP neurons. In GP neurons, NR2D was more abundant than in striatal neurons. Despite the relatively low signal on film for NR2C in GP, we found a slightly higher signal in GP per neuron than in STR since in the pallidal areas neurons were sparse but intensely labeled. NR1 and NR2A were more evenly distributed over neurons of STR and GP. Between the different parts of STR and GP, we observed only minor differences in the expression of NRs. In MGP a subpopulation of neurons exhibiting low NR2D signals could be separated from the majority of neurons showing an intense NR2D signal. Since the physiological properties of NRs are dependent on subunit composition, these data suggest a high degree of regional specialization of NR properties in the human basal ganglia. J. Comp. Neurol. 390:63–74, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanodomain manipulation for ultrahigh density ferroelectric data storage

Nanosized inverted domain dots in ferroelectric materials have potential application in ultrahigh density rewritable data storage systems. Herein, a data storage system is presented based on scanning non-linear dielectric microscopy and a thin film of ferroelectric single-crystal lithium tantalite. Through domain engineering, we succeeded in forming our smallest artificial nanodomain single dot at 5.1 nm diameter and an artificial nanodomain dot array with a memory density of 10.1 Tbit inch−2 and a bit spacing of 8.0 nm, representing the highest memory density for rewritable data storage reported to date. Subnanosecond (500 ps) domain switching speed has also been achieved. Next, actual information storage with a low bit error and high memory density was performed. A bit error ratio of less than 1 × 10−4 was achieved at an areal density of 258 Gbit inch−2. Moreover, actual information storage is demonstrated at a density of 1 Tbit inch−2.
Addressing some Issues of Data Sparsity towards Improving English- Manipuri SMT using Morphological Information

The performance of an SMT system heavily depends on the availability of large parallel corpora. Unavailability of these resources in the required amount for many language pair is a challenging issue. The required size of the resource involving morphologically rich and highly agglutinative language is essentially much more for the SMT systems. This paper investigates on some of the issues on enriching the resource for this kind of languages. Handling of inflectional and derivational morphemes of the morphologically rich target language plays important role in the enrichment process. Mapping from the source to the target side is carried out for the English-Manipuri SMT task using factored model. The SMT system developed shows improvement in the performance both in terms of the automatic scoring and subjective evaluation over the baseline system.
Identification of relevant ICF categories by patients with neurological conditions in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities

Purpose: To describe functioning and health of patients with neurological conditions in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities and to identify the most common problems using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: Cross-sectional survey in a convenience sample of patients with neurological conditions requiring rehabilitation in early post-acute facilities. The second-level categories of the ICF were used to collect information on patients' problems. For the ICF components Body Functions, Body Structures and Activities and Participation absolute and relative frequencies of impairments/limitations in the study population were reported. For the component Environmental Factors absolute and relative frequencies of perceived barriers or facilitators were reported. Results: The mean age in the sample was 56.6 years with a median age of 60 years. Forty percent of the patients were female. In 292 neurological patients 125 categories (51%) had a prevalence of 30% and above: 39 categories (49%) of Body Functions, 11 categories (28%) of Body Structures, 64 categories (88%) of Activities and Participation and 10 (20%) categories of Environmental Factors. Conclusion: This study is a first step towards the development of ICF Core Sets for of patients with neurological conditions in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities.
Medium Chains of Adaptor Complexes AP-1 and AP-2 Recognize Leucine-based Sorting Signals from the Invariant Chain*

Interactions between tyrosine- and leucine-based sorting signals in the cytoplasmic tails of transmembrane proteins and adaptor complexes AP-1 and AP-2 are believed to be the first step in the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles that deliver these proteins to their destination. Medium chains of AP-1 and AP-2 have been reported to interact with tyrosine-based sorting signals in a number of in vitro assays. In the present study we found that recombinant medium chains could interact with leucine-based sorting signals from the cytoplasmic tail of the invariant chain. Medium chains may therefore be responsible for the proper recognition of both tyrosine and leucine sorting signals by AP-1 and AP-2 complexes.
Comparative Analysis of Gene Networks at Multiple Doses and Time Points in Livers of Rats Exposed to Acetaminophen

Summary Gene interaction networks (GINs) have been developed as a potential tool to understand biological mechanisms or responses to chemical toxicity. Our recent studies developed two algorithms to identify and quantify gene interaction networks. One is to identify networks based on a statistical criteria and the other is to test hypothetical networks using microarray data. These methods were combined with clustering analysis, networks were clustered and father analysis was performed to quantify linkages in the networks and to follow microarray change over time and dose levels in the model of rat exposed to acetaminophen. These analysis methods could be used for risk assessment and could improve the mechanistic understanding of chemical toxicity.