Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An International Examination of the Role of Default and Liquidity Risks in the Interbank Market.

We estimate a no-arbitrage model of the term structure of international interbank spreads, and attempt to disentangle credit and liquidity risk premium in the interbank market. We study the consistency of the spreads’ movements across major currencies and assess the effectiveness of monetary policy actions on the deterioration of credit and liquidity risks. We find that at the core of the financial crisis, the interbank spread is clearly driven by liquidity risk. The effect is stronger in the US market, where liquidity pressures were severe. Our analysis suggests that the establishment of the unconventional policy programs, led to the deterioration of liquidity risk in the interbank market. Furthermore, the policy of major Central banks to substantially cut interest rates, kept credit pressures at low levels. By early 2009, the dominant driver of the spread is credit risk. This effect is stronger in the Euro and UK markets, due to the escalation of the European sovereign debt crisis. This is not the case for the Japanese market, which experienced remarkably low credit pressures during the core of the crisis. Moreover, we decompose the spread into an expectation hypothesis component and a time-varying risk premia component and find that the hypothesis of constant risk premia is rejected.
Online Content Popularity in the Twitterverse: A Case Study of Online News

With the advancement of internet technology, online news content has become very popular. People can now get live updates of the world’s news through online news sites. Social networking sites are also very popular among Internet users, for sharing pictures, videos, news links and other online content. Twitter is one of the most popular social networking and microblogging sites. With Twitter’s URL shortening service, a news link can be included in a tweet with only a small number of characters, allowing the rest of the tweet to be used for expressing views on the news story. Social links can be unidirectional in Twitter, allowing people to follow any person or organization and get their tweet updates, and share those updates with their own followers if desired. Through Twitter thousands of news links are tweeted every day. Whenever there is a popular new story, different news sites will publish identical or nearly identical versions (“clones”) of that story. Though these clones have the same or very similar content, the level of popularity they achieve may be quite different due to content agnostic factors such as influential tweeters, time of publication and the popularities of the news sites. It is very important for the content provider site to know about which factor plays a important role to make their news link popular. In this thesis research, a data set is collected containing the tweets made for the 218 members of 25 distinct sets of news story clones. The collected data is analyzed with respect to basic popularity characteristics concerning number of tweets of various types, relative publication times of clone set members, tweet timing and number of tweeter followers. Then, several other factors are investigated to see their impact in making some news story clones more popular than others. It is found that multiple content-agnostic factors i.e. maximum number of followers, self promotional tweets plays an impact on news site’s stories overall popularity, and a first step is taken at quantifying their relative importance.
An endothelial link between the benefits of physical exercise in dementia

The current absence of a disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) highlights the necessity for investigating the benefits of non-pharmacological approaches such as physical exercise (PE). Although evidence exists to support an association between regular PE and higher scores on cognitive function tests, and a slower rate of cognitive decline, there is no clear consensus on the underlying molecular mechanisms of the advantages of PE. This review seeks to summarize the positive effects of PE in human and animal studies while highlighting the vascular link between these benefits. Lifestyle factors such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and sleep apnea will be addressed in relation to the risk they pose in developing AD and VCID, as will molecular factors known to have an impact on either the initiation or the progression of AD and/or VCID. This will include amyloid-beta clearance, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, and white matter integrity. Particularly, this review will address how engaging in PE can counter factors that contribute to disease pathogenesis, and how these alterations are linked to endothelial cell function.
Recent Advances in Cardiac Troponin I Based Sensors for Detection ofHuman Heart Attack

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is considered as a major life threat in human globally, and with time more sophisticated technique for estimating and therapeutics is still desirable. There has been rising attention in detection of diagnostic biomarker for cardiac injury to predict risk of heart attack. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) has established to be a convincing biomarker for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) detection. An immunoassay and aptamer based biosensors for cTnI can play a significant role in diagnosis of AMI. Over the past decades, several approaches concerning cTnI detection have been investigated, including colorimetric, fluorescence, electrochemical, surface plasmon resonance and paramagnetic. This review focussed more on recent methodologies about surface immobilized detection of cTnI.
Antidepressants: Partial Response in Chronic Depression

Although most studies of chronic depression show significant improvements with antidepressants versus placebo, the average Hamilton Depression Rating Scale results attained in the active-treatment group range between 10 and 14, suggesting that many patients only partially responded and failed to reach premorbid levels of symptom remission. Studies on the fate of these patients suggest that they are much more vulnerable to relapse, work impairment and suicide. Thus, partial response may be one form of treatment resistance, falling between total failure of response in a minority of patients, and a tendency to relapse or recur despite adequate maintenance treatment. Further study is needed to address the problem of improving the quality of response and attempting to reduce the detrimental effects of depressive illness in terms of relapse and recurrence.
Autophagy Defends Cells Against Invading Group A Streptococcus

We found that the autophagic machinery could effectively eliminate pathogenic group A Streptococcus (GAS) within nonphagocytic cells. After escaping from endosomes into the cytoplasm, GAS became enveloped by autophagosome-like compartments and were killed upon fusion of these compartments with lysosomes. In autophagy-deficient Atg5–/– cells, GAS survived, multiplied, and were released from the cells. Thus, the autophagic machinery can act as an innate defense system against invading pathogens.
MASALAH KEAGENAN ALIRAN KAS BEBAS, MANAJEMEN LABA DAN RELEVANSI NILAI INFORMASI AKUNTANSI

Free cash flow agency problem causes potential conflict of interest between managers and shareholders. Managers of firms with high free cash flow and of low growth opportunity tend to invest in marginal or even negative NPV project and use earnings management to camouflage the effects of non-wealth-maximizing investments. As a result, it is predicted that investors will react to earnings management and free cash flow agency problem and therefore reflected in stock price. In this sense, earnings management and free cash flow agency problem is predicted to have an impact on value relevance of accounting information.The objective of this study is to assess the impact of earnings management on value relevance of earnings and book value. This study also investigates the different effect of earnings management on value relevance of earnings and book value between free cash flow agency problem firms and non free cash flow agency problem firms. Result shows that earnings and book value are value relevance and earnings management decreases those value relevances. The result also conclude that the negative effect of earnings management on value relevance of earnings and book value is higher for free cash flow agency problem firms compared to non free cash flow agency problem firms.
A comparative study of the preventative effects exerted by two probiotics, Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus fermentum, in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid model of rat colitis

The intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of two probiotics isolated from breast milk, Lactobacillus reuteri and L. fermentum, were evaluated and compared in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) model of rat colitis. Colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic administration of 10 mg TNBS dissolved in 50 % ethanol (0·25 ml). Either L. reuteri or L. fermentum was daily administered orally (5 × 108 colony-forming units suspended in 0·5 ml skimmed milk) to each group of rats (n 10) for 3 weeks, starting 2 weeks before colitis induction. Colonic damage was evaluated histologically and biochemically, and the colonic luminal contents were used for bacterial studies and for SCFA production. Both probiotics showed intestinal anti-inflammatory effects in this model of experimental colitis, as evidenced histologically and by a significant reduction of colonic myeloperoxidase activity (P < 0·05). L. fermentum significantly counteracted the colonic glutathione depletion induced by the inflammatory process. In addition, both probiotics lowered colonic TNFα levels (P < 0·01) and inducible NO synthase expression when compared with non-treated rats; however, the decrease in colonic cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression was only achieved with L. fermentum administration. Finally, the two probiotics induced the growth of Lactobacilli species in comparison with control colitic rats, but the production of SCFA in colonic contents was only increased when L. fermentum was given. In conclusion, L. fermentum can exert beneficial immunomodulatory properties in inflammatory bowel disease, being more effective than L. reuteri, a probiotic with reputed efficacy in promoting beneficial effects on human health.
Risk and Abnormal Returns in Markets for Financial Transmission Rights

The purpose of this paper is to explore risk and abnormal returns in markets for financial transmission rights (FTRs). In power markets, Financial Transmission Rights (FTRs) are used by generators and energy suppliers to hedge congestion charges on the grid as well as by speculators attempting to capture a profit. FTRs are defined between two points or locations on the power grid, known as a path. These instruments accrue their value based on the differential prices between two points or locations on the power grid. This paper examines two segments of the FTR market. The first segment examines risk and return in the context of On Peak versus Off Peak hours. The second segment is on differences between FTR positions of a macro grid perspective versus positions of a micro grid perspective. Two major findings are offered in this paper. The first finding is very surprising in that it suggest FTRs defined over a path from a macro grid perspective are more risky than those defined over a micro grid perspective. Second, on a path specific basis, FTRs that accrue value during On-Peak hours are different in risk than those that accrue value during Off-Peak hours. This finding is in accordance with theory and is of particular use to energy suppliers, generators and traders that operate in specific zones of the grid. Overall this paper provides invaluable insights to an industry facing looming challenges and financial burdens as demand for energy expands and the infrastructure of the grid continues to age.
Sport governance in Australia: questions of board structure and performance

ABSTRACT Governance within sport is receiving increasing attention with the rise of commercialization and professionalism within the industry. The purpose of this research was to examine the current state of sport governance within an Australian context particularly in relation to board structure at the National Sport Organisation (NSO) level. A qualitative method was adopted employing five Australian NSOs as the sample. Interviews were conducted (n = 10) with various board members of these organizations to uncover the major challenges they are facing in relation to their organization’s governance. Results showed that there are significant challenges facing these organizations in relation to board composition, independence, performance, and evaluation. These issues are reflective of pressures arising from government agencies and members of these organizations amongst other stakeholders. A number of theoretical implications arise from the current study including the need for further study examining the delegate versus independent model of board composition and other issues that were salient as part of the reported emergent thematic structure. The results within the current study expand our understanding of what was previously known about the complex issues of board composition and board performance assessment within non-profit sporting organizations. These results may have implications for the selection process of boards within the non-profit sport industry and how these boards are assessed in terms of their performance.
Aero-Optics 1 Physics and Computation of Aero-Optics

This article provides a critical review of aero-optics with an emphasis on recent developments in computational predictions and the physical mechanisms of flow-induced optical distortions. Following a brief introduction of the fundamental theory and key concepts, computational techniques for aberrating flow fields and optical propagation are discussed along with a brief survey Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 2012. 44 of wavefront sensors used in experimental measurements. New physical understanding generated through numerical and experimental investigations are highlighted for a numbers of important aero-optical flows including turbulent boundary layers, separated shear layers and flow over optical turrets. Approaches for mitigating aero-optical effects are briefly discussed.
Barriers to Care Among Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Adults

Policy Points: Transgender and gender nonconforming (GNC) adults may experience barriers to care for a variety of reasons, including discrimination and lack of awareness by providers in health care settings. In our analysis of a large, population-based sample, we found transgender and GNC adults were more likely to be uninsured and have unmet health care needs, and were less likely to have routine care, compared to cisgender (nontransgender) women. Our findings varied by gender identity. More research is needed on transgender and GNC populations, including on how public policy and provider awareness affects health care access and health outcomes differentially by gender identity. CONTEXT Very little population-based research has examined health and access to care among transgender populations. This study compared barriers to care between cisgender, transgender, and gender nonconforming (GNC) adults using data from a large, multistate sample. METHODS We used data from the 2014-2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to estimate the prevalence of having no health insurance, unmet medical care needs due to cost, no routine checkup, and no usual source of care for cisgender women (n = 183,370), cisgender men (n = 131,080), transgender women (n = 724), transgender men (n = 449), and GNC adults (n = 270). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each barrier to care while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. FINDINGS Transgender and GNC adults were more likely to be nonwhite, sexual minority, and socioeconomically disadvantaged compared to cisgender adults. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, transgender women were more likely to have no health insurance (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.07-2.40) compared to cisgender women; transgender men were more likely to have no health insurance (OR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.25-3.25) and no usual source of care (OR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.18-2.88); and GNC adults were more likely to have unmet medical care needs due to cost (OR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.02-3.67) and no routine checkup in the prior year (OR = 2.41; 95% CI = 1.41-4.12). CONCLUSIONS Transgender and GNC adults face barriers to health care that may be due to a variety of reasons, including discrimination in health care, health insurance policies, employment, and public policy or lack of awareness among health care providers on transgender-related health issues.
Comparative performance study of RPL in Wireless Sensor Networks

In order to enable the interoperability of the IP-based WSNs with the Internet, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) chartered the IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) and Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks (RoLL) working groups. The working group has been standardizing an IPv6 routing protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL). This paper presents a comprehensive study of the performance of RPL when compared with Collection Tree Protocol (CTP). The aim of this work is to show the superiority of RPL in network scalability. Our results describe the benefit of RPL in terms of high Packet Reception Ratio (PRR) and low energy consumption. We also highlight the advantages in the design of the protocol, which can be used in further investigation of RPL.
Internal and External Validity in Experimental Economics

Experimental economics is subject to criticism with regards to frequently discussed the trade-off between internal and external validity requirements, which seems to be critically flawed. This paper evaluates incompatibility of trade-off condition and condition of internal validity as a prerequisite for external validity. In addition, it outlines the imprecise concept of artificiality, which is found to be rather improving the external validity and seems to strengthen the illusory status of external versus internal validity tension. Internal validity is further analyzed with regards to DuhemQuine problem, where unpredictability argument is significantly weakened trough application of inductivism within the illustrative hypothetical-deductive model. Our discussion partially weakens critical arguments related to the robustness of results in experimental economics, if the perfectly controlled experimental environment is secured. Keywords—Duhem-Quine Problem, external validity, inductivism, internal validity.
Hierarchical processing of motion in the visual cortex of monkey.

Recent work on the visual system of primates has delineated several cortical fields involved in the processing of visual motion. These cortical areas appear to be connected anatomically in stages, which suggests that there is a hierarchy in the machinery for motion perception. In this paper, we outline experiments that we have performed along the most prominent pathway for motion analysis, which begins in area V1 and proceeds through the middle temporal area (MT) to the medial superior temporal area (MST). Our goal has been to demonstrate what sequential processing steps take place at each anatomical stage in this presumably hierarchical system. In the first section, we show how a special class of stimuli, transparent motions, have enabled us to separate distinct and different mechanisms for the processing of directional information in areas V1 and MT. In the second section, we discuss psychophysical experiments that explore the ability to perceive shape from motion. These results indicate that the brain interpolates motion data to form neural representations of moving surfaces, and they have interesting implications for our recording experiments. The last section covers recent work on the possible role of area MST in integrating motion-pattern information. Area MST neurons selective to expanding, contracting, or rotating velocity fields were examined. We found that these cells respond to particular patterns of stimuli irrespective of the location in the receptive field or, to a large extent, the size of the stimulus. These cells may represent a stage in higher-level processing of motion, including the perception of shape from motion.
Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Service Quality of Banking Sector: A Comparative Study of Private and Public Sector Banks in Gwalior and Chambal Region

This paper studies the impact of IT in the service quality of banking sector. The purpose of the intended research involves determining bank adoption pattern of electronic media, factors constituting drivers and inhibitors for bank adoption, dimensionality of e-banking services quality as affected by IT, and customer adoption of such services. The study has also highlighted the determinants of service quality are directly influenced by IT and to explore what are the enabling and retarding factors for effective implementation and upsurge of IT system in banks.
Identifying the resource conditions that maximize the relationship between ambidexterity and new product performance

Purpose Organizational ambidexterity is argued to be a prerequisite for successful new product development, especially for firms operating in highly competitive emerging markets. Despite growing attention to the importance of ambidexterity, the conditions under which specific forms of ambidexterity are more or less beneficial to new product performance (NPP) remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the contingent value of two specific resource conditions that favor the pursuit of the balanced dimension versus combined dimension of ambidexterity to achieve superior NPP. Design/methodology/approach Survey data were drawn from a sample of 156 high-tech large firms operating in the Middle East and tested through a hierarchical regression analysis. Findings This study highlights the important role of slack resources and social networking capability in enhancing the benefits of the combined dimension of ambidexterity over the balanced dimension of ambidexterity to drive NPP. Originality/value This study extends prior research which has mainly examined organizational characteristics that facilitates organizational ambidexterity and sheds light on the specific resource conditions under which high-technology firms operating in an emerging economy should pursue balanced dimension of ambidexterity or combined dimension of ambidexterity to achieve superior NPP.