Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A SECURITY FRAMEWORK FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Advancements in the technologies of micro electromechanical and embedded chips make it possible to design a tiny device with more powerful computations and communication features such as cryptography and wireless communication with low energy consumptions. Sensor devices are tiny in size and have limited resource (memory, energy, processing, low transmission range) such as MICA2DOT and T-Mote Sky. Traditional public key cryptographic techniques are not possible on these devices (such as RSA). To handle this problem ECC techniques have been developed for these small and limited resource devices. ECC consumes less energy and requires less memory and bandwidth than RSA with same level of security. Public key cryptographic techniques provide more security as compare to symmetric key cryptographic techniques at the cost of more energy consumption and more resource utilization. So, for balancing energy consumption and security level the Hybrid cryptographic techniques have been developed for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). By using Hybrid cryptographic techniques few security frameworks have been proposed in past few years to provide more security and with less memory requirements. This paper provides an overview of some common WSNs concepts and proposed a security framework for LEACH protocols.
African American Residential Mobility: An Analysis of Individual and Contextual Factors

Title of Thesis: AFRICAN AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY: AN ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS Cecily Darden Adams, M.A., 2006 Thesis Directed By: Professor William W. Falk Department of Sociology Building on the work of South and Deane (1993), I examine racial differences in residential mobility using multilevel analysis. I analyze 2001 and 2003 American Housing Survey sample data at the individual, household and neighborhood levels, and 2000 U.S. Census data at the metropolitan area level. I found that while African Americans experience higher residential mobility, after controlling for individual and contextual factors, being Black continues to decrease the likelihood of residential mobility. However, race currently has less of a suppression effect on residential mobility then previously. Home ownership remains the most important predictor of decreased residential mobility for both races. While racial differences in the determinants of residential mobility at the individual and household levels persist, metropolitan area predictors changed dramatically. Racial concentration and residential segregation measures no longer significantly predict residential mobility, while economic factors—median rent and home value—better explain racial differences in residential mobility. AFRICAN AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY: AN ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS
High-Recall Gene Mention Recognition by Unification of Multiple Backward Parsing Models

We considered the gene mention tagging task as a classification problem and applied support vector machines (SVM) to solve it. We selected a large set of features as the input and trained two SVM models with different multiclass extension methods. We found that backward parsing constantly outperformed forward parsing regardless of the multiclass extension methods and obtained high precision rates, but recall rates were not as satisfactory. To enhance recall rates, our approach is to construct divergent but high performance models to cover different aspects of the feature space, and then combine them into an ensemble. We applied union and intersection to combine the outputs of SVM models with that of a CRF model, which was trained with the same feature set, and successfully enhanced recall rates without degrading too much precision.
Application of Neuro Fuzzy Reduced Order Observer in Magnetic Bearing Systems

— Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used to design fuzzy reduced order observer for solving the problem of unbalance in magnetic bearing systems. Nonlinear model of magnetic bearing with unbalance is very complicated and coupling between various states cannot be neglected. With classical methods no one can eliminate disturbances without linearization of the system and neglecting some terms from the nonlinear model. In this paper ANFIS is used to acquire desired membership functions of the fuzzy rules for reduced order observer to achieve rejection of unbalance. Simulation results show that fuzzy observer can eliminate the effect of unbalance at any rotational speed.
C-safety: a framework for the anonymization of semantic trajectories

The increasing abundance of data about the trajectories of personal movement is opening new opportunities for analyzing and mining human mobility. However, new risks emerge since it opens new ways of intruding into personal privacy. Representing the personal movements as sequences of places visited by a person during her/his movements-semantic trajectory-poses great privacy threats. In this paper we propose a privacy model defining the attack model of semantic trajectory linking and a privacy notion, called c-safety based on a generalization of visited places based on a taxonomy. This method provides an upper bound to the probability of inferring that a given person, observed in a sequence of non-sensitive places, has also visited any sensitive location. Coherently with the privacy model, we propose an algorithm for transforming any dataset of semantic trajectories into a c-safe one. We report a study on two real-life GPS trajectory datasets to show how our algorithm preserves interesting quality/utility measures of the original trajectories, when mining semantic trajectories sequential pattern mining results. We also empirically measure how the probability that the attacker's inference succeeds is much lower than the theoretical upper bound established.
Non-parametric anomaly detection exploiting space-time features

In this paper a real-time anomaly detection system for video streams is proposed. Spatio-temporal features are exploited to capture scene dynamic statistics together with appearance. Anomaly detection is performed in a non-parametric fashion, evaluating directly local descriptor statistics. A method to update scene statistics, to cope with scene changes that typically happen in real world settings, is also provided. The proposed method is tested on publicly available datasets.
The impact of access to conditional cash transfers and remittances on credit markets: Evidence from Nicaragua and Bangladesh

ii Dedication.iv Acknowledgements.v Vita.vii List of Tables.xi List of Figures.xiii Chapters 1. Introduction.1 1.1 Motivation.1 1.2 An Introduction to CCT Programs Worldwide.3 1.3 Recent Trends in Migration and Some Implications.6 1.4 Some Stylized Facts about Credit Markets in Developing Countries.12 1.5 Research Questions and Objectives.13 1.6 Research Strategy.16 1.7 Content.19 1.9 Contributions.19 ix 2. A Theoretical Framework 2.1 The Role of Transfers in Household Risk Management.21 2.1.1 Remittances as Private Transfers.21 2.1.2 Conditional Cash Transfers as Public Transfers.23 2.2 The Insurance Effect of Transfers and its Implications for Credit Markets.25 2.3 A Simple Model.32 2.3.1 The Household’s Decision to Apply for a Loan.32 2.3.2 The Credit Supply Sector.35 2.3.3 Effect of Transfers on the Household’s Decision to Request a Loan.39 3. CCTs, Remittances and Credit in Rural Nicaragua.51 3.1 Introduction to the RPS.51 3.2 Verification of Randomization and General Characteristics of the Sample.54 3.3 Non-Compliance and the Effect on the Treated.62 3.4 Impact Evaluation.62 3.5 The Double-Difference Impact Estimate.64 3.6 The Two-Stage-Least-Squares Impact Estimate and the Instrumental Variable.69 3.7 Concluding Remarks.83 4. Remittances and Credit in Bangladesh.87 4.1 The Data and Descriptive Statistics.88 4.1.1 The BIDS/World Bank Data From Bangladesh.88 x 4.1.2 Characteristics of the Household Sample.89 4.2 Impact Estimation Strategy and Empirical Problems.98 4.2.1 Estimation Strategy.98 4.2.2 The Interpretation of Weighted Average Interest Rates.101 4.2.3 Instrumental Variables.103 4.2. 4 The Problem of Sample Selection in the Estimation of Interest Rates.105 4.2. 5 Variables Used as Determinants of Access to Remittances, the Interest Rate, and the Decision to Apply for a Loan.109 4.3 Empirical Results.111 4.4 Concluding Remarks.126 5. Conclusions.128 5.1. Summary.128 5.2 The Main Results.129 5.3 Contributions.133 5.4 Policy Implications and Future Research.135 5.5 Limitations of the Study.136 Bibliography.137
Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping to Reach Linguistically-Defined Targets

This paper introduces a framework that allows humans to give highly abstract navigation instructions to mobile robots. It uses simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) to navigate a mobile robot through an unknown environment and combines it with a structured, pseudo-human language for describing the navigation instructions. This combination allows for the design of mobile robot navigation systems that may use any SLAM algorithm and any language that satisfies certain requirements. The described framework delineates the requirements that the SLAM system and the language must meet for this combination to work. It operates on the basis of having a robot carry out a task other than to create a map, resulting in the robot being able to start moving towards its target before even mapping the environment. The core innovation is the definition of a method for driving robot movement in a way that balances between reducing map uncertainty and reaching the requested target. Our method generalises the state-of-art in that it falls back to the conventional explore-then-navigate paths in the absence of a specific target, but focuses on following the navigation instructions when such are provided.
Outage Analysis of Relay-Assisted BPSK-SIM Based FSO Systems over Strong Atmospheric Turbulence with Pointing Errors

 Abstract—Natural turbulence and scintillation are the major challenges in practical deployment of free space optical (FSO) communication systems. In this paper, a parallel relay assisted FSO system is considered to deal with these challenges. This paper investigates the end-to-end performance of the multihop parallel relay assisted FSO system over a strong atmospheric turbulence channel with misalignment fading. The analysis is carried out for system employing decode-and-forward (DF) relays and for strong turbulence channel which can be modeled by the gamma-gamma distribution. A novel closed-form expression for the outage probability is derived. The results are compared with the direct transmission system.
Telomeres, chromosome instability and cancer

Telomeres are composed of repetitive G-rich sequence and an abundance of associated proteins that together form a dynamic cap that protects chromosome ends and allows them to be distinguished from deleterious DSBs. Telomere-associated proteins also function to regulate telomerase, the ribonucleoprtotein responsible for addition of the species-specific terminal repeat sequence. Loss of telomere function is an important mechanism for the chromosome instability commonly found in cancer. Dysfunctional telomeres can result either from alterations in the telomere-associated proteins required for end-capping function, or from alterations that promote the gradual or sudden loss of sufficient repeat sequence necessary to maintain proper telomere structure. Regardless of the mechanism, loss of telomere function can result in sister chromatid fusion and prolonged breakage/fusion/bridge (B/F/B) cycles, leading to extensive DNA amplification and large terminal deletions. B/F/B cycles terminate primarily when the unstable chromosome acquires a new telomere, most often by translocation of the ends of other chromosomes, thereby providing a mechanism for transfer of instability from one chromosome to another. Thus, the loss of a single telomere can result in on-going instability, affect multiple chromosomes, and generate many of the types of rearrangements commonly associated with human cancer.
Likelihood Estimators for Dependent Samples and Their Application to Order Detection

Estimation of the dimension of the signal subspace, or order detection, is one of the key issues in many signal processing problems. Information theoretic criteria are widely used to estimate the order under the independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) sampling assumption. However, in many applications, the i.i. d. sampling assumption does not hold. Previous approaches address the dependent sample issue by downsampling the data set so that existing order detection methods can be used. By discarding data, the sample size is decreased causing degradation in the accuracy of the order estimation. In this paper, we introduce two likelihood estimators for dependent samples based on two signal models. The likelihood for each signal model is developed based on the entire data set and used in an information theoretic framework to achieve reliable order estimation performance for dependent samples. Experimental results show the desirable performance of the new method.
Wavelet menus on handheld devices: stacking metaphor for novice mode and eyes-free selection for expert mode

This paper presents the design and evaluation of the Wavelet menu and its implementation on the iPhone. The Wavelet menu consists of a concentric hierarchical Marking menu using simple gestures. The novice mode, i.e. when the menu is displayed, is well adapted to the limited screen space of handheld devices because the representation of the menu hierarchy is inverted, the deeper submenu being always displayed at the center of the screen. The visual design is based on a stacking metaphor to reinforce the perception of the hierarchy and to help users to quickly understand how the technique works. The menu also supports submenu previsualization, a key property to navigate efficiently in a hierarchy of commands. The quantitative evaluation shows that the Wavelet menu provides an intuitive way for supporting efficient gesture-based navigation. The expert mode, i.e. gesture without waiting for the menu to pop-up, is another key property of the Wavelet menu: By providing stroke shortcuts, the Wavelet favors the selection of frequent commands in expert mode and makes eyes-free selection possible. A user experiment shows that participants are able to select commands, eyes-free, while walking.
Active Fault Tolerant Control of Octorotor UAV using Dynamic Control Allocation

In this paper, an active fault tolerant control scheme based on Dynamic Control Allocation method for Octorotor UAVs is developed. A Sliding Mode Observer is used to detect online any fault or failure affecting the UAV during flight. Whenever a fault or a total failure of a rotor is detected, the gain vector of the dynamic control allocator is updated resulting in the redistribution of the control effort. The infected actuator has then the least effect on the overall control vector. The new method was able to compensate for the effect of multiple severe faults while taking into account actuator and time constraints.
Automatic Facial Feature Correspondence Based on Pose Estimation

Establishing facial feature correspondence across image of the same subject with different poses is an essential issue in the field of face image interpretation. Traditional approaches involve tedious landmark labeling and time-consuming training process. Instead, an automatic facial feature correspondence method is proposed in the paper, which achieves accurate feature correspondence via sparse feature matching using unary and geometric constraints, and intelligent interpolation based on facial pose angle estimation. The experiments show the validity of the proposed method.
Low power wake-up receiver for wireless sensor nodes

Duty cycling is a common method to reduce the energy consumption in wireless sensor nodes. Since all the nodes turn on their radio in a time slot, but only few of them actually exchange messages, energy is wasted. This can be avoided by using a separate wake-up radio. We present a new approach for a wake-up receiver that consumes 2.78 µA of current and integrates a 16 bit address coding for a selective wake-up. We use a low frequency wake-up signal that is modulated on a high frequency carrier in the main radio of the transmitting node. In the receiving node a passive demodulation circuit regains the low frequency signal and feds it to a low power low frequency wakeup IC. Four sample boards were manufactured and measured that operate at 868 MHz in the European ISM band. By using coils with high Q factors in the demodulation circuit we reached a sensitivity of −52 dBm which resulted in a wake-up distance of up to 40 meters at an output power level of +10 dBm in the transmitter. Compared to van der Doorn et. al, “A prototype low-cost wakeup radio for the 868 MHz band” Int. J. Sensor Networks, Vol.5, No.1, 2009, we achieved a 20 times farther wakeup range and a 100 times lower current consumption.
An Empirical Study on Maximum Latency Saving in Web Prefetching

This paper presents an empirical study to investigate the maximum benefits that web users can expect from prefetching techniques in the current web. To this end a perfect web predictor is defined, but unlike previous theoretical studies, this work considers a realistic prefetching architecture using real and representative traces. In this way, the in¿uence of real implementation constraints can be considered. The results obtained show that web prefetching can improve page latency up to 52% in the studied traces.
On Defining Proofs of Knowledge in the Bare Public Key Model

One contribution provided by the groundbreaking concept of interactive proofs is the notion of proofs of knowledge, where a prover can convince a verifier that she knows a secret related to a public statement. This notion was formalized in the conventional complexity-theoretic model of interactive protocols and showed to be very useful for cryptographic applications, such as entity authentication schemes. Motivated by these applicability considerations, in this paper, we consider proofs of knowledge in a cryptographic model, called the bare public-key model (BPK model in short), where round-efficient interactive proofs with strong variants of security against provers (i.e., soundness) and security against verifiers (i.e., zero-knowledge) have been presented. We formally define notions of proofs of knowledge in the BPK model, and show that there are 4 distinct such notions for each of the previously studied four known notions of soundness. Finally, under the existence of any homomorphic one-way function family, (a generalization of) a 4-round argument system for all NP languages from the literature is a proof of knowledge that is secure against concurrent attacks from provers or verifiers.
Extensible and modular generics for the masses

A generic function is a function that is defined on the structure of data types: with a single definition, we obtain a function that works for many data types. In contrast, an ad-hoc polymorphic function requires a separate implementation for each data type. Previous work by Hinze on lightweight generic programming has introduced techniques that allow the definition of generic functions directly in Haskell. A severe drawback of these approaches is that generic functions, once defined, cannot be extended with ad-hoc behaviour for new data types, precluding the design of an extensible and modular generic programming library based on these techniques. In this paper, we present a revised version of Hinze’s Generics for the masses approach that overcomes this limitation. Using our new technique, writing an extensible and modular generic programming library in Haskell 98 is possible.
Novel Second-Order Dual-Mode Dual-Band Filters Using Capacitance Loaded Square Loop Resonator

This paper presents a novel approach for designing dual-mode dual-band bandpass filters using capacitance loaded square loop resonators (CLSLR). The CLSLR features compactness and spurious response suppression because of the loaded capacitance. A dual-band response is obtained via an extremely large perturbation in a single resonator and second-order dual-mode dual-band filters are realized by a new cascading principle. Coupling coefficients between two resonators in both bands can be controlled independently and external quality factors are also controlled by a particularly-designed coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed line. Three types of filters are designed to validate the analysis. They are direct coupling dual-mode dual-band filter, source-load coupling dual-mode dual-band filter with a better band-to-band isolation and CPW-feed dual-mode dual-band filter with a wider bandwidth. Measured results show good agreement with the design specifications.
BCI Competition 2008 { Graz data set B

This data set consists of EEG data from 9 subjects. The cue-based BCI paradigm consisted of four different motor imagery tasks, namely the imagination of movement of the left hand (class 1), right hand (class 2), both feet (class 3), and tongue (class 4). Two sessions on different days were recorded for each subject. Each session is comprised of 6 runs separated by short breaks. One run consists of 48 trials (12 for each of the four possible classes), yielding a total of 288 trials per session. At the beginning of each session, a recording of approximately 5 minutes was performed to estimate the EOG influence. The recording was divided into 3 blocks: (1) two minutes with eyes open (looking at a fixation cross on the screen), (2) one minute with eyes closed, and (3) one minute with eye movements. The timing scheme of one session is illustrated in Figure 1. Note that due to technical problems the EOG block is shorter for subject A04T and contains only the eye movement condition (see Table 1 for a list of all subjects). The subjects were sitting in a comfortable armchair in front of a computer screen. At the beginning of a trial (t = 0 s), a fixation cross appeared on the black screen. In addition, a short acoustic warning tone was presented. After two seconds (t = 2 s), a cue in the form of an arrow pointing either to the left, right, down or up (corresponding to one of the four classes
Improving the performance of mems imu/gps pos systems for land based mms utilizing tightly coupled integration and odometer

Integrated GPS/INS systems provide an enhanced navigation system that has superior performance in comparison with either system operating in stand-alone mode as it can overcome each of their limitations. The high cost and government regulations prevent the wider inclusion of high quality IMUs to augment GPS as a commercialized navigation system in many navigation applications. The progress in MEMS technology enables complete inertial units on a chip, composed of multiple integrated MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes. In addition to their compact and portable size, the price of MEMS based is far less than those high quality IMUs as well, however, due to the lightweight and fabrication process, MEMS sensors have large bias instability and noise, which consequently affect the obtained accuracy from MEMS-based IMUs. Many research works have been conducted to improve the performance of low cost MEMS-based INS/GPS integrated systems. In this study, LC and TC integration are provided to analyse the performance of these two integration schemes for land based MMS applications.