Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Universality and tolerance

For any positive integers r and n, let H(r,n) denote the family of graphs on n vertices with maximum degree r, and let H(r,n,n) denote the family of bipartite graphs H on 2n vertices with n vertices in each vertex class, and with maximum degree r. On one hand, we note that any H(r,n)-universal graph must have /spl Omega/(n/sup 2-2/r/) edges. On the other hand, for any n/spl ges/n/sub 0/(r), we explicitly construct H(r,n)-universal graphs G and /spl Lambda/ on n and 2n vertices, and with O(n/sup 2-/spl Omega//(1/r log r)) and O(n/sup 2-1/r/ log/sup 1/r/ n) edges, respectively, such that we can efficiently find a copy of any H /spl epsiv/ H (r,n) in G deterministically. We also achieve sparse universal graphs using random constructions. Finally, we show that the bipartite random graph G=G(n,n,p), with p=cn/sup -1/2r/ log/sup 1/2r/ n is fault-tolerant; for a large enough constant c, even after deleting any /spl alpha/-fraction of the edges of G, the resulting graph is still H(r,/spl alpha/(/spl alpha/)n,/spl alpha/(/spl alpha/)n)-universal for some /spl alpha/: [0,1)/spl rarr/(0,1].
Security constraint processing during multilevel secure database design

By means of simple examples, a design technique for multilevel secure databases is proposed. The design activity covers the conceptual modeling and design phase and consists of the development of secure data schemata and secure function schemata. Data schemata represent the semantics and secrecy properties of data while function schemata describe processes and activities within the system. As security constraints defined on data or functions may influence each other, it argued that the design of a secure system must be data- as well as function-driven. Although the example chosen is quite simple, it is possible to express and model complex security relevant data semantics. <<ETX>>
A Novel Observer-Based Output Feedback Controller Design for Discrete-Time Fuzzy Systems

This paper addresses the problem of observer-based output feedback controller designs for discrete-time T-S fuzzy systems based on a relaxed approach in which the fuzzy Lyapunov functions are used. Different from the existing two-step method, a single-step linear matrix inequality method is provided for the observer-based controller design. It is shown that the controller and observer parameters can be obtained by solving a set of strict linear matrix inequalities that are numerically feasible with commercially available software. The new design method not only overcomes the drawback induced by the two-step approach but also provides less conservative results over some existing results. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by an example.
Attraction Based Models of Collective Motion

Ants, termites and humans often form well-organized and highly efficient trails between different locations. Yet the microscopic traffic rules responsible for this organization and efficiency are not fully understood. Recent experimental work with leaf-cutting ants (Atta colombica) on a very narrow trail has suggested a set of priority rules thought to govern the traffic dynamics. Here we implement an agent-based model to investigate the sufficiency of these rules with respect to producing the observed spatio-temporal properties of the traffic. We compare the model results to four statistics of the real ant flow and find that they share several key characteristics. Then we extend the model to a wider trail and compare the simulation results with new experimental data from this setting. We find that the extended model is able to reproduce the general features of the flow seen in the experiments, including the formation of three-lane traffic. The experimental finding that Atta colombica indeed organize the flow into three-lane traffic is important in its own right and contradicts the previously held belief that Atta in general do not. Due to the simplicity of the proposed rules we believe that they may be responsible for organizing the traffic flow on trails in other species of ant, and perhaps even other trail forming animals such as termites and humans.
Gene Expression of Corals in Response to Macroalgal Competitors

As corals decline and macroalgae proliferate on coral reefs, coral-macroalgal competition becomes more frequent and ecologically important. Whether corals are damaged by these interactions depends on susceptibility of the coral and traits of macroalgal competitors. Investigating changes in gene expression of corals and their intracellular symbiotic algae, Symbiodinium, in response to contact with different macroalgae provides insight into the biological processes and cellular pathways affected by competition with macroalgae. We evaluated the gene expression profiles of coral and Symbiodinium genes from two confamilial corals, Acropora millepora and Montipora digitata, after 6 h and 48 h of contact with four common macroalgae that differ in their allelopathic potency to corals. Contacts with macroalgae affected different biological pathways in the more susceptible (A. millepora) versus the more resistant (M. digitata) coral. Genes of coral hosts and of their associated Symbiodinium also responded in species-specific and time-specific ways to each macroalga. Changes in number and expression intensity of affected genes were greater after 6 h compared to 48 h of contact and were greater following contact with Chlorodesmis fastigiata and Amphiroa crassa than following contact with Galaxaura filamentosa or Turbinaria conoides. We documented a divergence in transcriptional responses between two confamilial corals and their associated Symbiodinium, as well as a diversity of dynamic responses within each coral species with respect to the species of macroalgal competitor and the duration of exposure to that competitor. These responses included early initiation of immune processes by Montipora, which is more resistant to damage after long-term macroalgal contact. Activation of the immune response by corals that better resist algal competition is consistent with the hypothesis that some macroalgal effects on corals may be mediated by microbial pathogens.
High Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells with the Polymer Acceptor Synthesized via a Random Ternary Copolymerization Strategy.

In this work, we demonstrated a simple random ternary copolymerization strategy to synthesize a series of polymer acceptors PTPBT-ET x by polymerizing a small molecule acceptor unit modified from Y6 with thiophene connecting unit and controlled amount of 3-ethylesterthiophene (ET) unit. Compared PTPBT of only Y6-like units and thiophene units, PTPBT-ET x (where x represents the molar ratio of ET unit) with incorporating ET unit in the ternary copolymers show up-shifted LUMO energy level, increased electron mobility and improved blend morphology in the blend film with polymer donor PBDB-T. And the all-PSC based on PBDB-T:PTPBT-ET 0.3 achieved high power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 12.5%. In addition, the PTPBT-ET 0.3 based all-PSC device also exhibits long-term photostability over 300 hours. These results demonstrate that the random ternary copolymerization of a small molecule acceptor unit with a third functional unit is a simple but effective strategy to develop efficient polymer acceptors for all-PSCs.
Single Phase Modulator for Binary Phase-Coded Microwave Signals Generation

We report a new approach to photonic generation of binary phase-coded microwave signals based on the asymmetric phase modulation indexes of a phase modulator in the TE and TM polarization states. The proposed system is extremely simplified compared with any other techniques reported in the previous literature since we only use one phase modulator. The microwave carrier frequency is widely tunable, and the π phase shift of the microwave signal is independent of the amplitude of the electrical driving signal. The proposed technique is theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified at carrier frequencies of 10 and 25 GHz, respectively.
RelBAS: Reliable data gathering from border area sensors

Sensor networks deployed for the border area monitoring requires a high degree of reliability for the data gathering in spite of any arbitrary node or sink failures. This paper proposes RelBAS, a robust data gathering scheme specially designed for the border area network to provide a guaranteed delivery of sensory data. The proposed protocol aims to find out multiple node-disjoint paths to multiple sinks so that the disconnectivity in one path due to a node failure does not disrupt the delivery of data to the sink. The forwarding path selection at every node in RelBAS is based on the combination of three parameters - the hop-count, the residual energy and the number of children for for parent of the corresponding tree. This helps in adapting the protocol to the application requirement depending on the delay, energy efficiency and data aggregation. Moreover, RelBAS is capable of detecting an affected zone due to multiple node failures. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme has been analyzed using the simulation results.
Migration and fragmentation of invasion percolation clusters in two-dimensional porous media.

Experiments on and computer simulations of the migration of fractal, nonwetting fluid bubbles through a two-dimensional random porous medium saturated with wetting fluid are presented. A large invasion percolation bubble was initially formed by slow injection of a nonwetting fluid into a horizontal cell saturated with a denser wetting fluid. Slow, continuous tilting of the cell caused the bubbles to migrate through the medium. The interplay between local pinning forces and buoyancy led to fragmentation and coalescence of migrating bubbles. The process was simulated by a modified site-bond invasion percolation model.
Treatment of children with cystic fibrosis: central, local or both?

Owing to a lack of longitudinal studies, the effect of centralization of care on pulmonary function and survival remains unclear. Three different levels of involvement of centralized care in the treatment of paediatric cystic fibrosis patients were compared with regard to longitudinal pulmonary function and nutritional and microbiological status in a 3‐y period, and the literature was reviewed on the possible advantages and disadvantages of centralized care. The study included 105 paediatric patients attending the Cystic Fibrosis Centre between January 1997 and January 2001. Twenty‐three patients were treated by local paediatricians according to the protocol of the Centre and were seen only once a year at the Centre, for an annual check‐up (local care). Forty‐one patients were treated at the Centre only (centralized care). The remaining 41 patients were treated in close cooperation between the Centre and local hospitals, with patients visiting the doctors alternately (shared care). The mean annual changes in pulmonary function and body mass index from all patients, as well as a microbiological survey, were reviewed. No significant differences were found between the three groups for annual changes in FEV1, FVC and body mass index, nor did the review of microbial colonization show any significant differences between the groups. Because the groups in this study were relatively small, the results might have been influenced by lack of power.
Schedulability and Priority Assignment for Multi-Segment Self-Suspending Real-Time Tasks under Fixed-Priority Scheduling

Self-suspension is becoming an increasingly prominent characteristic in real-time systems such as: (i) I/O-intensive systems (ii) multi-core processors, and (iii) computation offloading systems with coprocessors, like Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). In this paper, we study the schedulability of multisegment self-suspension tasks under fixed-priority scheduling, where the executions of a multi-segment self-suspension task alternate between per-defined computation segments and suspension intervals. In particular, we do not use any enforcement to control the releases of computation segments and suspension intervals. Such an enforcement can prevent jitter but may incur non-negligible overheads. This work presents a combined method using the proposed multi-segment workload function to compute the upper bound on the worst-case response time (WCRT) of multi-segment tasks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that successfully provides a pseudo-polynomial-time test for multi-segment self-suspension, hard real-time systems under fixed-priority scheduling without any additional execution control. We also show that the proposed analysis is compatible with Audsley’s Priority Assignment. Our empirical investigations show that the proposed approach is highly effective in terms of the number of task sets deemed to be schedulable.
A structured multi-block solution-adaptive mesh algorithm with mesh quality assessment

The dynamic solution adaptive grid algorithm, DSAGA3D, is extended to automatically adapt 2-D structured multi-block grids, including adaption of the block boundaries. The extension is general, requiring only input data concerning block structure, connectivity, and boundary conditions. Imbedded grid singular points are permitted, but must be prevented from moving in space. Solutions for workshop cases 1 and 2 are obtained on multi-block grids and illustrate both increased resolution of and alignment with the solution. A mesh quality assessment criteria is proposed to determine how well a given mesh resolves and aligns with the solution obtained upon it. The criteria is used to evaluate the grid quality for solutions of workshop case 6 obtained on both static and dynamically adapted grids. The results indicate that this criteria shows promise as a means of evaluating resolution.
Biomarkers/Molecular Targets, Immunotherapy, and Treatments for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

For decades, the prognosis for patients with advanced-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was bleak, with chemotherapy offering limited benefit and much toxicity. Now, with mutational testing, new generations of targeted therapies, and emerging immunotherapies, the treatment horizon for these patients has greatly expanded. In this article, the authors review molecular targets, biomarkers, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are having a major impact on the management of this patient population.
Wnt, stem cells and cancer in the intestine

The intestinal epithelium is a self‐renewing tissue which represents a unique model for studying interconnected cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, cell migration and carcinogenesis. Although the stem cells of the intestine have not yet been physically characterized or isolated, data over the past decade have strongly implicated the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway in their maintenance and progression to cancer. This review will (i) describe the distinctive features of the intestinal epithelium in relation to stem‐cell function, (ii) illustrate the major genetic alterations that can lead to cancer, and (iii) show how Wnt/β‐catenin signalling controls homoeostasis in this tissue.
A 70-MS/s 110-mW 8-b CMOS folding and interpolating A/D converter

A CMOS analog to digital converter based on the folding and interpolating technique is presented. This technique is successfully applied in bipolar A/D converters and now also becomes available in CMOS technology. The analog bandwidth of the A/D converter is increased by using a transresistance amplifier at the outputs of the folding amplifiers and, due to careful circuit design, the comparators need no offset compensation. The result is a small area (0.7 mm/sup 2/ in 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS), high speed (70 MS/s), and low-power (110 mW at 5 V supply, including reference ladder) A/D converter. A 3.3 V supply version of the circuit runs at 45 MS/s and dissipates 45 mW.
Providing assessable information on effectiveness of maintenance treatments for bipolar disorder to psychiatrists and patients

ABSTRACT FROM: Miura T, Noma H, Furukawa TA , et al . Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2014;1:351–9. Randomised studies have established that bipolar disorders (BD) are chronic and that maintenance treatments are needed to minimise subsyndromal symptoms and associated social and functional morbidity. The authors identified randomised controlled trials published between 1970 and 2012 that compared active treatments for BD with placebo for at least 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were the number of participants with recurrence of any mood episode and the number of participants who discontinued the trial because of adverse events. The authors considered studies (open and blinded) of mood stabilisers, antidepressants, antipsychotics and anticonvulsants. Secondary outcomes included: the number of participants who had depressive, manic, hypomanic or mixed episodes, respectively; those who discontinued treatment for any reason, including relapse; and the number of …
Are Acceptance and Skepticism Determinant Factors for Adherence to Drug Treatment in Psychiatric Patients?

FIGURE 1. Distribution of the sample according attitudinal groups and self-reported adherence. T he problem of nonadherence to adequately prescribed drugs is a common feature in psychiatric patients. Treatment adherence is a multifactorial phenomenon determined by the interplay of several sets of dimensions, of which patient-related factors are just 1 determinant, represented by the resources, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and expectations of the patient. The relatively novel construct “NecessityConcerns Framework (NCF),” which arose as a tool to gain understanding of patients' perspectives on prescribed medicines and their influence on treatment engagement and adherence, is an interesting heuristic corollary of a previous research article on prescribedmedicines and adherence to treatment in chronic physical illnesses. The NCF includes patients' common sense evaluations of prescribed medicines grouped under 2 categories: perceptions of personal need for treatment, or necessity beliefs, and concerns and beliefs about the potential negative effects of taking them. Studies within this NCF have shown that an accepting attitude toward medication increases adherence, whereas a skeptical attitude increases nonadherence. Little is known about the factors that influence patients developing skeptical or acceptance attitudes toward drug treatment. Thus, we would like to report the results of our study in which we analyzed the utility of the attitudinal types from the NCF in the understanding of medication nonadherence in patients with psychiatric disorders. The study sample consisted of 670 consecutive outpatients attending 2 busy community mental health centers in the island of Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Each participant signed an informed consent document, approved by the local ethics committee, and completed the rest of the study's questionnaires. Self-reported adherence to prescribed psychiatric medication was assessed using the validated Spanish version of the 8-item self-report Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Patients' beliefs about prescribed medication and attitudes to medicines, in general,
Bootstrapping skynet: Calibration and autonomic self-control of structured peer-to-peer networks

Peer-to-peer systems scale to millions of nodes and provide routing and storage functions with best effort quality. In order to provide a guaranteed quality of the overlay functions, even under strong dynamics in the network with regard to peer capacities, online participation and usage patterns, we propose to calibrate the peer-to-peer overlay and to autonomously learn which qualities can be reached. For that, we simulate the peer-to-peer overlay systematically under a wide range of parameter configurations and use neural networks to learn the effects of the configurations on the quality metrics. Thus, by choosing a specific quality setting by the overlay operator, the network can tune itself to the learned parameter configurations that lead to the desired quality. Evaluation shows that the presented self-calibration succeeds in learning the configuration-quality interdependencies and that peer-to-peer systems can learn and adapt their behavior according to desired quality goals.
Hierarchical analogue design and behavioural modelling

This paper describes a new project oriented course which has been set-up recently at the University of Bordeaux, France, in co-operation with the institute of Microelectronics Bordeaux IXL. This course, held within the curriculum of the microelectronics engineer education, introduces the concept of hierarchical design of analogue circuits and analogue HDL like VerilogA or VHDL-AMS circuit modelling to the students. It is composed of a short lecture part and a major laboratory part where well-known design software is used. A phase-locked-loop (PLL), defined in the literature, has been taken as a design example to be investigated by the students. The scope of this course is to familiarise the behavioural modelling approach during the design phase of analogue circuits.
Accelerating array constraints in symbolic execution

Despite significant recent advances, the effectiveness of symbolic execution is limited when used to test complex, real-world software. One of the main scalability challenges is related to constraint solving: large applications and long exploration paths lead to complex constraints, often involving big arrays indexed by symbolic expressions. In this paper, we propose a set of semantics-preserving transformations for array operations that take advantage of contextual information collected during symbolic execution. Our transformations lead to simpler encodings and hence better performance in constraint solving. The results we obtain are encouraging: we show, through an extensive experimental analysis, that our transformations help to significantly improve the performance of symbolic execution in the presence of arrays. We also show that our transformations enable the analysis of new code, which would be otherwise out of reach for symbolic execution.
An Exact Algorithm for the Two-Dimensional Strip-Packing Problem

This paper considers the two-dimensional strip-packing problem (2SP) in which a set of rectangular items have to be orthogonally packed, without overlapping, into a strip of a given width and infinite height by minimizing the overall height of the packing. The 2SP is NP-hard in the strong sense and finds many practical applications. We propose reduction procedures, lower and upper bounds, and an exact algorithm for the 2SP. The new lower bounds are both combinatorial bounds and bounds derived from different relaxations of mathematical formulations of the 2SP. The new upper bounds are obtained by constructive heuristics based on different strategies to place the items into the strip. The new exact method is based on a branch-and-bound approach. Computational results on different sets of test problems derived from the literature show the effectiveness of the new lower and upper bounds and of the new exact algorithm.