Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supercapacitor Sizing for Fast Power Dips in a Hybrid Supercapacitor—PEM Fuel Cell System

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEM FC) operation is likely to be characterized by voltage dips on timescales shorter than 1 s, arising from temporary flooding of gas channels or porous layers, particularly when the FC is operated at high humidity levels. If supercapacitors are employed in hybrid systems, they can make up for the temporary lack of energy produced by the FC. However, the steep slopes of the voltage dips affect the energy that can be actually delivered by the supercapacitor because of its series impedance, and this should be taken into account when sizing it. This paper presents a simplified approach for sizing the supercapacitor, based on some observed peculiar features of the FC dips, which allow a simple but accurate model for the evaluation of the supercapacitor response to such dips. The validity of such an approach is supported by simulation and experimental results performed on a single PEM FC and on a supercapacitor.
Social entrepreneurship: A critical review of the concept

The idea of “social entrepreneurship” has struck a responsive chord. It is a phrase well suited to our times. It combines the passion of a social mission with an image of business-like discipline, innovation, and determination commonly associated with, for instance, the high-tech pioneers of Silicon Valley. The time is certainly ripe for entrepreneurial approaches to social problems. Many governmental and philanthropic efforts have fallen far short of our expectations. Major social sector institutions are often viewed as inefficient, ineffective, and unresponsive. Social entrepreneurs are needed to develop new models for a new century.The language of social entrepreneurship may be new, but the phenomenon is not. We have always had social entrepreneurs, even if we did not call them that. They originally built many of the institutions we now take for granted. However, the new name is important in that it implies a blurring of sector boundaries. In addition to innovative not-for-profit ventures, social entrepreneurship can include social purpose business ventures, such as for-profit community development banks, and hybrid organizations mixing not-for-profit and for-profit elements, such as homeless shelters that start businesses to train and employ their residents. The new language helps to broaden the playing field. Social entrepreneurs look for the most effective methods of serving their social missions. Though the concept of “social entrepreneurship” is gaining popularity, it means different things to different people. This can be confusing. Many associate social entrepreneurship exclusively with not-forprofit organizations starting for-profit or earned-income ventures. Others use it to describe anyone who starts a not-for-profit organization. Social entrepreneurship, as described here, is not a tidy concept. Its untidiness has been argued here to be a reflection of the way that the world is. There are, however, significant landmarks in the complex geography of the concept, and the purpose of this paper has been to advance an understanding of those marks and their importance. The authors submit that the notion as outlined above makes a significant contribution to understanding the complex phenomenon of directing organizational activity toward the achievement of social purposes.
Optimal Caching in Multicast 5G Networks with Opportunistic Spectrum Access

Cache-enabled small base station (SBS) densification is foreseen as a key component of 5G cellular networks. This architecture enables storing popular files at the network edge (i.e., SBS caches), which empowers local communication and alleviates traffic congestions at the core/backhaul network. This paper develops a mathematical framework, based on stochastic geometry, to characterize the hit probability of a cache-enabled multicast 5G network with SBS multi-channel capabilities and opportunistic spectrum access. To this end, we first derive the hit probability by characterizing opportunistic spectrum access success probabilities, service distance distributions, and coverage probabilities. The optimal caching distribution to maximize the hit probability is then computed. The performance and trade-offs of the derived optimal caching distributions are then assessed and compared with two widely employed caching distribution schemes, namely uniform and Zipf caching, through numerical results and extensive simulations. It is shown that the Zipf caching almost optimal only in scenarios with large number of available channels and large cache sizes.
Continuous Integral Terminal Third-Order Sliding Mode Motion Control for Piezoelectric Nanopositioning System

This paper presents the design and testing of a novel continuous third-order integral terminal sliding mode control (3-ITSMC) strategy dedicated to motion tracking control of a piezoelectric-driven nanopositioning system. In comparison with the available sliding mode controllers, the significant improvement of the proposed controller lies in the fact that it completely eliminates the chattering effect, achieves a finite-time convergence, and produces a higher sliding mode precision. The model uncertainty involving the hysteresis effect is estimated by the perturbation estimation technique. Higher order derivatives of the position are generated by using a robust exact differentiator. Based on an integral terminal type of sliding surface, a third-order sliding mode precision is obtained by resorting to the third-order supertwisting algorithm. The convergence and stability have been proved in theory. The performance improvement of the developed controller versus the conventional second-order and third-order sliding mode controllers is validated by carrying out both simulation and experimental studies. Results demonstrate that the proposed 3-ITSMC controller provides quicker transient response speed and smaller steady-state error for the piezoelectric nanopositioning system along with a better robustness against model uncertainty and external disturbance.
Prior Audits and Taxpayer Compliance: Experimental Evidence on the Effect of Earned Versus Endowed Income

ABSTRACT: This paper provides evidence from a laboratory experiment designed to investigate the effect of prior audits on taxpayer compliance. The experiment provides evidence that when taxable income requires comparatively little time and effort to generate (endowed income), taxpayer compliance increases following an audit. In contrast, when taxable income requires comparatively large amounts of time and effort to generate (earned income), compliance decreases following an audit. The results from this study suggest that taxpayer compliance is influenced by whether one has been audited in the past, but that the specific effect of prior audits depends on the amount of time and effort required to generate one’s income. This information should be of interest to policy makers who are concerned about improving taxpayer compliance. In addition, these results add to the body of evidence indicating that taxpayer decisions appear to be influenced by whether taxable income is earned or endowed. Finally, the results.
Research Note: Size, Efficiency and Productivity in the Spanish Hotel Industry — Independent Properties versus Chain-Affiliated Hotels

This study analyses the size, efficiency and productivity of a representative sample of Spanish hotels. Using Data Envelopment Analysis, three different return-to-scale models are estimated. The number of full-time employees (FTEs), the staff cost and the number of rooms (inputs) and the total operating revenue (output) are used to estimate the levels of efficiency and productivity. The results show that independent properties must be more competitive if they are to survive in the medium and long terms. Three elements are essential to achieve greater competitiveness: (i) a higher level of differentiation; (ii) application of the results of technological innovation in the production process; and (iii) a more intensive level of cooperation.
Do UK firms manage earnings to meet dividend thresholds?

This paper examines earnings management by dividend-paying firms in cases where pre-managed earnings would fall below the expected dividend, and by non-dividend paying firms aiming to avoid reporting losses. We find that within the UK market the likelihood of upward earnings management is significantly greater in the former case than the latter, though both are drivers for earnings management. Large firms are less likely to upwardly manage earnings to reach dividend thresholds, consistent with prior UK evidence on the ability of the largest firms to avoid restrictive debt covenants. We also find that earnings management is more clearly observable through examining working capital discretionary accruals than through examining total discretionary accruals.
Validation and Application of a Computational Model for Wrist and Hand Movements Using Surface Markers

A kinematic model is presented based on surface marker placement generating wrist, metacarpal arch, fingers and thumb movements. Standard calculations are used throughout the model and then applied to the specified marker placement. A static trial involving eight unimpaired participants was carried out to assess inter-rater reliability. The standard deviations across the data were comparable to manual goniometers. In addition, a test-retest trial of ten unimpaired participants is also reported to illustrate the variability of movement at the wrist joint, metacarpal arch, and index finger as an example of model output when repeating the same task many times. Light and heavyweight versions of the tasks are assessed and characteristics of individual movement strategies presented. The participant trial showed moderate correlation in radial/ulnar deviation of the wrist (r = 0.65), and strong correlation in both metacarpal arch joints (r = 0.75 and r = 0.85), the MCP (r = 0.79), and PIP (r = 0.87) joints of the index finger. The results indicate that individuals use repeated strategies of movement when lifting light and heavyweight versions of the same object, but showed no obvious repeated pattern of movement across the population.
Automatic genre classification of North Indian devotional music

The automatic classification of musical genre from audio signals has been a topic of active research in recent years. Although the identification of genre is a subjective task that likely involves high-level musical attributes such as instrumentation, style, rhythm and melody, low-level acoustic features have been widely applied to the automatic task with varying degrees of success. In this work, we consider the genres of the music of northern India, in particular the devotional music sub-genres of bhajan and qawwali. Both are rooted in the framework of North Indian classical music and are similar in the sense of serving the identical socio-cultural function even if for different religious communities of the same region. Features representing timbre, as well as temporal characteristics in the form of tempo and modulation spectra of timbral features, are shown to be potentially effective discriminators as seen by classification experiments performed on a database of excerpts drawn from the two music genres.
Novel Sample Preparation Method for Safe and Rapid Detection of Bacillus anthracis Spores in Environmental Powders and Nasal Swabs

ABSTRACT Bacillus anthracis spores have been used as a biological weapon in the United States. We wanted to develop a safe, rapid method of sample preparation that provided safe DNA for the detection of spores in environmental and clinical specimens. Our method reproducibly detects B. anthracis in samples containing <10 spores.
Evidence of recent causal decoupling between solar radiation and global temperature

The Sun has surely been a major external forcing to the climate system throughout the Holocene. Nevertheless, opposite trends in solar radiation and temperatures have been empirically identified in the last few decades. Here, by means of an inferential method—the Granger causality analysis—we analyze this situation and, for the first time, show that an evident causal decoupling between total solar irradiance and global temperature has appeared since the 1960s.
Dynamics of Corporate Capital Structure Decisions: A Critical Survey of the Literature

The researchers’ understandings on the relevance of corporate capital structure decisions have been shifted from the examination of the irrelevance argument to the relevance argument and its different facets. In the literature, the modern theories have overemphasized on the different “points of view” while their specific facets have their specific roles to play only. The researchers have deviated far away from one another and could not explain a lot. The quest for a unifying theoretical view whether possible or not has remained unaddressed as yet. In a dynamic time framework model, a firm’s financing decision may have financing flexibility in shifting its decision frameworks from one “point of view” framework to the other. Corporate financing decisions should include a super-set of decision variables rather than the segregated sub-sets simply. This paper shares the opinion that this direction of research may justify the theoretical and empirical gaps as well in the literature of the Corporate Finance.
Research on Monitor Position in Network Situation Assessment

When people perform network situation assessment, they set network monitor on every node in the network. However, this method wastes a lot of resource. There is no need to monitor every node in the network. In fact, only a few nodes are enough. This paper gives a method to choose suitable nodes in the network to perform situation assessment. These nodes can cover necessary edges in the network graph. We also perform some evaluations and the results show that our methods are effective in network situation assessment.
The research on the relationship among market orientation, absorptive capability, organizational innovation climate and innovative behavior in Taiwan's manufacturing industry

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the market orientation on innovation behavior in manufacturing industry, the interference of the absorptive capability in the relation between market orientation and innovation behavior, and the interference of organizational innovation climate in the relation between market orientation and innovation behavior. By random sampling, 100 companies became the objects of the research. Five questionnaires were delivered to each of the companies, and 206 questionnaires were recollected. The data of the investigation were analyzed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Hierarchical Regression. The finding of the research is that there is a positive influence of market orientation on innovation behavior in manufacturing industry; in addition, the absorptive capability of the R and D personnel can reinforce the influence of market orientation on innovation behavior, and organizational innovation climate can also reinforce the influence of market orientation on innovation behavior as well. According to the results stated, the industry should emphasize the system of market orientation and the absorptive capability of knowledge, and construct good innovation climate to encourage innovation behavior of employees. Key words: Market orientation, innovation behavior, absorptive capability, organizational innovation climate.
Bank Loan Contracting and Corporate Diversification: Does Organizational Structure Matter to Lenders?

This paper investigates the effect of corporate diversification on the pricing of bank-loan contracts. We find that diversified firms have significantly lower loan rates than comparable focused firms, and we find no evidence that diversified firms are subject to more restrictive non-price contract terms pertaining to maturity, collateral requirements, and covenant restrictions. We show that the effect of diversification on the cost of a bank loan is channeled primarily through coinsurance in investment opportunities and cash flows and that the effect is nonlinear: as the extent of corporate diversification grows, the cost-reduction benefit of diversification decreases. Our results indicate that the organizational structure of the firm can alleviate its external financing constraints and that it has an important bearing on the firm’s financing capacity.
Disciplinary Neoliberalism in the European Union and Gender Politics

This article explores the development of European employment policy and equal opportunity policies and argues that this development  ts quite readily into the pro-market-forming activities of the neoliberal governance structure of the European Union (EU). Both the Amsterdam Treaty of June 1997 and the Luxembourg Jobs Summit of November 1997 showed a much greater concern with gender issues than had been the case in either the Delors White Paper of 1993 or the Essen Council of Ministers meeting in December 1994, so much so that Jill Rubery has argued that with the start of the Amsterdam Treaty the EU entered a new phase of European employment policy characterised by a growing recognition of the importance of gender issues. Nevertheless, feminist scholars have reached quite different conclusions about the impact of the EU equal opportunities agenda on women in member states and an important debate has opened up to which this article seeks to contribute. Sylvia Walby makes the strongest case for the positive effects equal opportunity policies have on women, in particular in the UK. Walby concludes that ‘without the subordination of the UK to the EU on the regulation of the labour market, it is most unlikely that the recent round of development of equal opportunities policies would have taken place so effectively in the UK’. She acknowledges that her positive assessment is not uniformly shared by other feminist writers, but argues that scholars have underestimated the power of the European Court of Justice to reach into, and shape, domestic law. Joanne Cook presents a much less sanguine picture about the impact of EU policy on  exible workers in the UK. She credits the EU Equal Opportunities Directives for extending employment rights to part-time, temporary and home-based employment. This positive trend is, however, counteracted by the principle of subsidiar ity. Since the precise nature of implementation of EU directives is left up to the member states, the formulation and implementation of EU rights are mediated through national social policy regimes. In other words, national objectives remain an immense barrier to the effective implementation of Equal Opportunities Directives. The UK is thus no exception, as Cook argues, in its attempt to hinder or even obstruct the implementation of the Directives. In an even more pessimistic vein, Ilona Ostner and Jane Lewis conclude that ‘the different gender
50 , 000 , 000 , 000 Instructions Per Second : Design and Implementation of a 256-Core BrainFuck Computer

This paper describes the design and implementation of a machine for servicing a large number of BrainFuck execution instances. The design includes the BrainFuck manycore processor and the software daemon that manages the execution instances on the processor. The BrainFuck manycore processor is a 256 core processor implementing a slightly modified version of BrainFuck as its ISA. Each core is implemented with a two stage pipeline with a carefully designed ISA encoding operating on disjoint memory spaces. Each core achieves over 0.8 instructions per cycle. We have implemented our design with an x86 host server and a Xilix Vertex 7 FPGA, and achieved an agglomerate performance over 50 billion instructions per second, which is light years ahead of what any single general purpose processor is capable of achieving while executing BrainFuck code. The BrainFuck computer is an attractive solution for servicing high throughput BrainFuck cloud services, both in terms of performance and cost.
Advanced Asset Pricing Theory

Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing Aggregation Theorem and Existence of Representative Agent Recursive Utility/Stochastic Differential Utility Sequential Portfolio Choice and Risk Management Option Pricing and Term Structure of Interest Rates Informational Market Efficiency and the Information Content of Option Prices The Classical Expectations Hypothesis and the Information Content of the Yield Curve and the Interest Rates Contingent Claims.
Developing a conceptual framework for slow travel: a grounded theory approach

This paper discusses the sociocultural phenomenon of slow travel and explores and clarifies definitional issues. The 30-year-plus antecedents of slow travel are examined. A literature review shows a concentration on four key features: slowness and the value of time; locality and activities at the destination; mode of transport and travel experience; and environmental consciousness. Links to the slow food and slow city movements are discussed, and evidence that slow travel is an important emergent form of tourism in Europe, accounting for 10% of the holiday market, is provided. A grounded theory approach continues the exploration, involving 23 in-depth interviews with practitioners and academics, which revealed that their core requirements for slow travel centred on slowness, the travel experience and environmental consciousness. There was a lack of consensus about the eligibility of car travel and high-speed rail. Slow travel is seen as a group of associated ideas rather than as a watertight definition; it is a mindset about travel rather than a tangible product and concentrates on lack of speed rather than slowness per se. The conclusion shows it to be a growing part of the sustainable tourism paradigm and proposes a working definition of slow travel.
Purification and properties of a binding protein for branched-chain amino acids in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A binding protein for branched-chain amino acids was purified to a homogeneous state from shock fluid of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PML14. It was a monomeric protein with an apparent molecular weight of 4.3 x 10(4) or 4.0 x 10(4) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or gel filtration, respectively. The isoelectric point was determined to be pH 4.1 by electrofocusing. Amino acid analysis of the protein showed that aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine were major components and that the protein contained only one residue each of tryptophan and cysteine per molecule. The binding protein contained no sugar. The binding activity of the protein was specific for the branched-chain amino acids. The protein also bound alanine and threonine with lower affinity. The dissociation constants of this protein for leucine, isoleucine, and valine were found to be 0.4, 0.3, and 0.5 microM, respectively. Mutants defective in the production of the binding protein were identified among the mutants deficient in a transport system for branched-chain amino acids (LIV-I). The revertants from these mutants to LIV-I-positive phenotype simultaneously recovered normal levels of the binding protein. These findings suggest strongly the association of the binding protein with the LIV-I transport system.