Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A theoretical alternative intraosseous infusion site in severely hypovolemic children

Background Studies have shown that the venous system tends to collapse during hypovolemic shock. The use of the bone marrow space for infusions is an effective alternative, with the tibial insertion site being the norm. Objectives This study was conducted to determine a quick intraosseous infusion method that could be an alternative to the tibial route in neonates during emergency situations. Method A sample of 30 neonatal cadavers was dissected to explore a possible alternative to the tibial insertion site. The needle was inserted in the superolateral aspect of the humerus. The needle infusion site was then dissected to determine possible muscular and neurovascular damage that might occur during the administration of this procedure, with the greatest concern being the posterior circumflex humeral artery and axillary nerve exiting the quadrangular space. The distance of the needle insertion site was measured in relation to the soft tissue as well as to bony landmarks. Results The calculated 95% confidence interval shows that the needle can be safely inserted into the intraosseous tissue at the greater tubercle of the humerus 9.5 mm – 11.1 mm from the acromion. This is about a little finger’s width from the acromioclavicular joint. Conclusion Anatomically, the described site is suggested to offer a safe alternative access point for emergency infusion in severely hypovolemic newborns and infants, without the risk of damage to any anatomical structures.
Grandmother cohorts: multiple-scale brain compression dynamics during learning of object and sequence categories

ABSTRACT This article summarises neural models of how invariant object categories are learned under conditions where eye movements freely scan a scene, and of how list categories, or chunks, are learned in response to sequences, or lists, of events that are temporarily stored in working memory. During both kinds of category learning, distributed information is compressed by a category learning process into compact groups of cells that can selectively respond to this information. Adaptive Resonance Theory models describe these learning processes and enable, in a limiting case, winner-take-all grandmother cells to be learned, even in a single trial, and rapidly activated during recall trials by bottom-up direct access. The degree of compression can vary with the amount of contextual evidence, and a distributed network of multiple categories may be needed to represent an object or event, all computed using localist mechanisms. Such a network is called a grandmother cohort in the current article.
Clinical Entropy based PCA for Multi-lead Electrocardiogram Signals

In this work, an information theoretic approach is proposed for principal component analysis (PCA) of multi-lead electrocardiogram signals. Clinical information is evaluated from the inverse of the diagonal eigenvalue matrix. It is termed as Clinical Entropy (Centropy). Clinical entropy (Centropy) based PCA method shows improved performance compared to the conventional PCA. The proposed method exhibits superior signal quality with higher cross correlation (CC), lower percentage root mean square difference (PRD) and lower root mean square error (RMSE) values. Keywords—ECG, PRD, PCA, Entropy
Nanocrystalline Rare Earth Oxide Coatings for Increased Protection of Iron-chromium Alloys at High Temperatures

Rare earths have been used to increase high temperature oxidation resistance of chromium dioxide and alumina forming alloys. These rare earths can be added as elements to the alloy or applied as an oxide coating to the alloy surface. The sol-gel technique was used to apply nanocrystalline oxide coatings of a variety of rare earths on Fe-20Cr alloy surfaces. In the first set of experiments the cyclic oxidation behaviour of uncoated and rare earth oxide coated specimens of this alloy was determined. The cyclic oxidation resistance of the alloy varied with the nature of the rare earth and this in turn was influenced by the rare earth ion radius and characteristics of the rare earth oxide coating such as morphology, crystallite size and coverage. The second set of experiments was carried out to optimize the rare earth oxide coatings and consisted in determination of the oxidation behaviour of Fe20Cr and Fe20Cr5Al alloy specimens coated with CeO2, La2O3 and CeO2 + La2O3 at 1000 °C. The oxidation resistance of the two alloys coated with a mixture of CeO2 and La2O3 was significantly higher than those coated with either oxide. The role of rare earths and characteristics of the rare earth oxide in increasing oxidation resistance of chromium dioxide forming alloys are also presented.
A null space property approach to compressed sensing with frames

An interesting topic in compressive sensing concerns problems of sensing and recovering signals with sparse representations in a dictionary. In this note, we study conditions of sensing matrices A for the L1-synthesis method to accurately recover sparse, or nearly sparse signals in a given dictionary D. In particular, we propose a dictionary based null space property (D-NSP) which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first sufficient and necessary condition for the success of the L1 recovery. This new property is then utilized to detect some of those dictionaries whose sparse families cannot be compressed universally. Moreover, when the dictionary is full spark, we show that AD being NSP, which is well-known to be only sufficient for stable recovery via L1-synthesis method, is indeed necessary as well.
Impact Assessment of Increasing Solar PV Penetrations on Voltage and Total Harmonic Distortion of a Distribution Network

This paper presents a study on the impact of increasing PV integration on voltage profile and total harmonic distortion of the electrical distribution sub-network that supplies the Professorial and Lecture Theatre Blocks of the College of Engineering of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology (KNUST). Real-time power quality (PQ) data were captured at 10 minute intervals using CA 8335 PQ analyzer as well as a Sunny Webbox solar PV data logger, whilst simulations were undertaken using the Open Distribution System Simulator (OpenDSS) software. The simulated results were compared with ground data measurements by the power quality analyzer for purposes of validation. PV integration generally improved the voltage profile by as much as 15 %. Simulation results also showed that voltage limits would be exceeded at a PV penetration level of more than 140 %, corresponding to158 kWp PV injection. The 3 % total harmonic distortion (THD) limit set by the Ghana Grid Code was found to be exceeded at 169 % or more PV penetration. The 169 % penetration level, which corresponds to a PV installed capacity of 18.73 MW, is not likely to be attained for the distribution system used for the study. Hence total voltage harmonic distortion is not a major concern with increasing penetration level for the case study distribution network. Keywords—PV system; penetration level; total harmonic distortion (THD); OpenDSS; distribution network
Design of a Highly Efficient 2–4-GHz Octave Bandwidth GaN-HEMT Power Amplifier

In this paper, the design, implementation, and experimental results of a high-efficiency wideband GaN-HEMT power amplifier are presented. A method based on source-pull/load-pull simulation has been used to find optimum source and load impedances across the bandwidth and then used with a systematic approach to design wideband matching networks. Large-signal measurement results show that, across 1.9-4.3 GHz, 9-11-dB power gain and 57%-72% drain efficiency are obtained while the corresponding power-added efficiency (PAE) is 50%-62%. Moreover, an output power higher than 10 W is maintained over the band. Linearized modulated measurements using a 20-MHz long-term evolution signal with 11.2-dB peak-to-average ratio show an average PAE of 27% and 25%, an adjacent channel leakage ratio of -44 and -42 dBc at 2.5 and 3.5 GHz, respectively.
Explorer 1 , 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 restrains CD 4 + T cell priming ability of CD 11 c + dendritic cells by upregulating expression of CD 31

Publisher Rights Statement: Copyright © 2019 Saul, Mair, Ivens, Brown, Samuel, Campbell, Soong, Kamenjarin and Mellanby. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Ceruloplasmin and iron in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: a synopsis of recent studies

Ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentration and oxidative activity in serum are lowered in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In most PD patients, iron increases in the substantia nigra in the midbrain. In PD, the low Cp concentration and activity in serum and the high iron amounts in the substantia nigra appears to be correlated. An hereditary background is common in PD and variations in the Cp gene that have been found in PD are associated with high iron levels in the substantia nigra. Variations in Cp synthesis and in the incorporation of copper into the Cp molecule are essential features of PD. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the Cp activity in serum is lowered but not the concentration, except in the advanced stages of the disease. Generally, iron is not increased in the AD brain. In the AD brain, iron accumulates in neuritic plaques and in neurofibrillary tangles. There is also increased risk of iron-mediated tissue damage, which may possibly be counteracted by Cp. At the same time, the AD brain is short in copper, which presumably results in the deficient activity of many copper enzymes in the brain, in addition to Cp. Lowered Cp activity in serum most likely stems from lessened incorporation of copper in the Cp molecule and similar incorporation defects might also apply to other copper enzymes in AD.
Cortical Microvascular Remodeling in the Stenotic Kidney: Role of Increased Oxidative Stress

Objective—Mechanisms of renal injury distal to renal artery stenosis (RAS) remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that it involves microvascular remodeling consequent to increased oxidative stress. Methods and Results—Three groups of pigs (n=6 each) were studied after 12 weeks of RAS, RAS+antioxidant supplementation (100 IU/kg vitamin E and 1 g vitamin C daily), or controls. The spatial density and tortuousity of renal microvessels (<500 &mgr;m) were tomographically determined by 3D microcomputed tomography. The in situ production of superoxide anion and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptor VEGFR-2, hypoxia-inducible-factor (HIF)-1&agr;, von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein, and NAD(P)H oxidase (p47phox and p67phox subunits) were determined in cortical tissue. RAS and RAS+antioxidant groups had similar degrees of stenosis and hypertension. The RAS group showed a decrease in spatial density of cortical microvessels, which was normalized in the RAS+antioxidant group, as was arteriolar tortuousity. RAS kidneys also showed tissue fibrosis (by trichrome and Sirius red staining), increased superoxide anion abundance, NAD(P)H oxidase, VHL protein, and HIF-1&agr; mRNA expression. In contrast, expression of HIF-1&agr;, VEGF, and VEGFR-2 protein was downregulated. These were all significantly improved by antioxidant intervention. Conclusions—Increased oxidative stress in the stenotic kidney alters growth factor activity and plays an important role in renal microvascular remodeling, which can be prevented by chronic antioxidant intervention.
FragmentStore—a comprehensive database of fragments linking metabolites, toxic molecules and drugs

Consideration of biomolecules in terms of their molecular building blocks provides valuable new information regarding their synthesis, degradation and similarity. Here, we present the FragmentStore, a resource for the comparison of fragments found in metabolites, drugs or toxic compounds. Starting from 13 000 metabolites, 16 000 drugs and 2200 toxic compounds we generated 35 000 different building blocks (fragments), which are not only relevant to their biosynthesis and degradation but also provide important information regarding side-effects and toxicity. The FragmentStore provides a variety of search options such as 2D structure, molecular weight, rotatable bonds, etc. Various analysis tools have been implemented including the calculation of amino acid preferences of fragments’ binding sites, classification of fragments based on the enzyme classification class of the enzyme(s) they bind to and small molecule library generation via a fragment-assembler tool. Using the FragmentStore, it is now possible to identify the common fragments of different classes of molecules and generate hypotheses about the effects of such intersections. For instance, the co-occurrence of fragments in different drugs may indicate similar targets and possible off-target interactions whereas the co-occurrence of fragments in a drug and a toxic compound/metabolite could be indicative of side-effects. The database is publicly available at: http://bioinformatics.charite. de/fragment_store.
E-Band Beam-Steerable and Scalable Phased Antenna Array for 5 G Access

This paper presents a new implementation of the beam-steerable two-dimensional phased antenna array for the forthcoming 5G networks. The antenna enables easy integration of phase shifters and other active electronics on a single PCB, low-loss feed network, low profile, and beam steering in both azimuth and elevation plane. In addition, the antenna is scalable in the number of elements and it can be made compatible with low-cost mass production in plastic injection molding with a metal coating. The antenna consists of a rectangular waveguide feed network, waveguide-to-PCB transitions, phase shifters on a PCB, and horn antenna radiating elements. The parts have been first designed and simulated individually and the operation of the whole structure is then verified by electromagnetic simulations. The phase shifter used in this work is a meandered microstrip line section, but the structure also enables the implementation of active phase shifters. A four-by-four antenna array prototype was manufactured. The beam-steering properties of the phased antenna array have been tested with radiation pattern measurements at 72.5GHz, and the measured gains are compared with the simulated ones. The measured gains are 15.2 and 11.2 dBi for the boresight beam, and the beam was steered to 40°.
Mechanistic Analysis of Cocrystal Dissolution as a Function of pH and Micellar Solubilization

The purpose of this work is to provide a mechanistic understanding of the dissolution behavior of cocrystals under the influence of ionization and micellar solubilization. Mass transport models were developed by applying Fick’s law of diffusion to dissolution with simultaneous chemical reactions in the hydrodynamic boundary layer adjacent to the dissolving cocrystal surface to predict the pH at the dissolving solid–liquid interface (i.e., interfacial pH) and the flux of cocrystals. To evaluate the predictive power of these models, dissolution studies of carbamazepine–saccharin (CBZ-SAC) and carbamazepine–salicylic acid (CBZ-SLC) cocrystals were performed at varied pH and surfactant concentrations above the critical stabilization concentration (CSC), where the cocrystals were thermodynamically stable. The findings in this work demonstrate that the pH dependent dissolution behavior of cocrystals with ionizable components is dependent on interfacial pH. This mass transport analysis demonstrates the importance of pH, cocrystal solubility, diffusivity, and micellar solubilization on the dissolution rates of cocrystals.
Plab : a packet capture and analysis architecture

We designed and implemented a software for packet capture and analysis and to extract samples of what we identified as random variables. We called it PLAB. We tried to design a program flexible enough but that needed as few processing resources as possible, to be capable of analyzing traffic traces of hundreds of millions packets. In this chapter we illustrate the main architecture of the software, motivate some design decisions and describe some features that were introduced.
Error-Trellis Construction for Tailbiting Convolutional Codes

In this paper, we present an error-trellis construction for tailbiting convolutional codes. A tailbiting error-trellis is characterized by the condition that the syndrome former starts and ends in the same state. We clarify the correspondence between code subtrellises in the tailbiting code-trellis and error subtrellises in the tailbiting error-trellis. Also, we present a construction of tailbiting backward error-trellises. Moreover, we obtain the scalar parity-check matrix for a tailbiting convolutional code. The proposed construction is based on the adjoint-obvious realization of a syndrome former and its behavior is fully used in the discussion.
A hierarchical use case model with graphical representation

Use case modelling is gaining increasing interest in computer-based systems engineering, especially in the earliest stages of system development, where requirements are elicited, documented and validated. The paper presents a conceptual framework for use case modelling and a new use case model with graphical representation, including support for different abstraction levels and mechanisms for managing large use case models. Current application of use cases in requirements engineering is discussed, as well as ontological and methodological issues related to use case modelling.
Choosing Rhetorical Structures To Plan Instructional Texts

This paper discusses a fundamental problem in natural language generation: how to organize the content of a text in a coherent and natural way. In this research, we set out to determine the semantic content and the rhetorical structure of texts and to develop heuristics to perform this process automatically within a text generation framework. The study was performed on a specific language and textual genre: French instructional texts. From a corpus analysis of these texts, we determined nine senses typically communicated in instructional texts and seven rhetorical relations used to present these senses. From this analysis, we then developed a set of presentation heuristics that determine how the senses to be communicated should be organized rhetorically in order to create a coherent and natural text. The heuristics are based on five types of constraints: conceptual, semantic, rhetorical, pragmatic, and intentional constraints. To verify the heuristics, we developed the spin natural language generation system, which performs all steps of text generation but focuses on the determination of the content and the rhetorical structure of the text.
Matrix quantization based time-varying filter speech enhancement

Speech spectral continuity is important in speech perception. We explore in this paper, the use of matrix quantization (MQ) to model spectral contours and impose time continuity in presence of noise. It is found that contours fitted over an optimum duration of 90-100 msec greatly improve speech quality. We show that Wiener filters derived from spectral contour matrices must operate in a time-varying manner and also propose a technique to achieve it through interpolation and STFT based reconstruction. In addition to conventional spectral distortion measures, we compare spectral transition measure profiles of clean and enhanced speech which indicate that MQ codebooks combined with time-varying Wiener filtering improve speech enhancement even at 0 dB SNR.
Massively Parallel Network Coding on GPUs

Network coding has recently been widely applied in various networks for system throughput improvement and/or resilience to network dynamics. However, the computational overhead introduced by the network coding operations is not negligible and has become the cornerstone for real deployment of network coding. In this paper, we exploit the computing power of contemporary Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) to accelerate the network coding operations. We proposed three parallel algorithms that maximize the parallelism of the encoding and decoding processes, i.e., the power of GPUs is fully utilized. This paper also shares our optimization design choices and our workarounds to the challenges encountered in working with GPUs. With our implementation of the algorithms, we are able to achieve up to 12 times of speedup over the highly optimized CPU counterpart, using the NVIDIA GPU and the Computer Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) programming model.
A dark side of long-term VMI relationships: supply chain trust

Purpose: This paper investigates a dark side of long-term Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) relationship - supply chain trust - using primary survey data. Focusing on distributor-manufacturer relationships and based on the theory of psychological contracts, this study outlines how psychological contract violations result in lower distributor trust in the manufacturer in collaborative VMI relationships. Given the need for interdisciplinary research in supply chain management (Zacharia et al. 2014), this study is an initial effort to investigate cognitive and psychological aspects of buyer-supplier relationships. Design/methodology/approach: Cross-sectional data were collected using a survey format from 200 distributors which have their inventories managed by manufacturers through VMI arrangements. The sample was obtained from a leading third party VMI platform service provider that serves thousands of retailer, distributor and manufacturer locations with millions of SKUs and billions of dollars in sales orders. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression has been used to test the hypotheses and Baron and Kenny (1986) approach of three-step mediation model has been utilized to test the mediating role of psychological contract violation. Findings: This paper empirically demonstrates a dark side of highly collaborative supply chain relationships in a VMI context: longer VMI relationships are associated with higher levels of psychological contract violation, which in turn leads to lower levels of distributor trust. Also does it make a theoretical contribution by showing the mediating role of psychological contract violation between length of a VMI relationship and supply chain trust. Practical implications: Manufacturers should not let the implementation of VMI restrict communications with their distributors. Reciprocal inter-organizational communication is essential to sustain a trustful and collaborative relationship Since VMI programs may reduce the
A FUZZY BACKORDER INVENTORY MODEL AND APPLICATION TO DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL EMPTY-CONTAINER QUANTITY AT A PORT

This paper proposes a fuzzy backorder inventory model for solving the optimal order quantity inventory problem. In this model, costs and quantities are expressed in trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. This paper uses the Function Principle to manipulate arithmetical operations, the Graded Mean Integration Representation method to defuzzify, and the Kuhn-Tucker conditions to find the optimal backorder quantity and shortage quantity for the fuzzy backorder quantity inventory model. Finally, the utilization of the proposed fuzzy backorder quantity inventory model is demonstrated with a numerical example of empty-container inventory quantity at a port.