Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Granger causality to long-term causal effects

Dmitry A. Smirnov1,2,* and Igor I. Mokhov3,2,† 1Saratov Branch of V.A. Kotel’nikov Institute of RadioEngineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Zelyonaya St., Saratov 410019, Russia 2Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanova St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia 3A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Pyzhevsky, Moscow 119017, Russia (Received 2 April 2015; revised manuscript received 7 September 2015; published 16 October 2015)
APPLICATION OF 1-D AND 2-D WAVELET TRANSFORM TO CRA CK IDENTIFICATION IN STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADED PLATES

The paper presents the issue of damage detection in thin plates considering the influence of dynamic characteristics, especially with regard to the modes of vibration as well as excitation by static loads. The Kirchhoff plate ben ding is described and solved by the Boundary Element Method (BEM). Rectangular plates s upported on boundary and resting on the internal columns (Fig. 1a) with properties E = 205 GPa, v = 0.3 and thickness h = 0.04 m are examined. Defect is introduced by the additiona l edges forming a crack in relation to the plate domain. The analyses of static or dynamic str uctu al response are conducted with the use of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Signal decompo siti n according to the Mallat pyramid algorithm [1] is applied. In dynamic experi ments the plate performs vibrations similar to natural modes. Measured variables are ve tical displacements amplitudes in N = 64 points distributed along the line determined by the y distance. The exemplary analysis of the obtained signal for first mode while using Daubechi s 4 wavelet is presented in Fig. 1b. The results of 2D DWT in static tests will be presented as well.
P-chlorophenylalanine increases glutamate receptor 1 transcription in rat amygdala

The amygdala is a key limbic structure strongly implicated in both epilepsy and anxiety disorders. Epilepsy-like mechanisms involve an increased glutamatergic activity, whereas disturbances in serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] systems are associated with anxiety-like behavior. Previous studies suggest that low 5-HT increases amygdala excitability, but the molecular mechanisms are not well characterized. Herein we explore the ability of low serotonin to increase glutamate receptor transcription. Using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we found that rats treated with P-chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of tyrosine-5-hydroxylase, resulted in a 21-fold increase in glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) mRNA expression in the amygdala. These results suggest that low 5-HT induces hyperexcitability of amygdala neurons by increasing GluR1 transcription, and the upregulation of amygdala GluR1 may be important in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders.
Attitude of Teachers towards Inclusive Education in Relation to their Professional Commitment

One of the most significant stipulations that allow for successful inclusion of special education students is the attitude of the general education teacher regarding the inclusion of special education students into their classroom. Classrooms are now becoming more diverse with respect to students abilities, therefore sensitivity awareness and commitment towards teaching profession on the part of general education teacher is essential to promote successful inclusion. Given that one key factor in success of inclusive education lies in the general educator’s attitude and willingness to accommodate students who have disabilities, it is important to examine general educator’s attitudes towards inclusion. It has been the teachers that have helped disabled persons break out into the world and embark on the path of self-realization and self-expression. This is essential since attitude is a major contributing factor in determining success with the inclusive education model. The present study was based on the premise that the attitudes of mainstream teachers toward the inclusion of students with special needs are influenced by the professional experiences, educational qualifications and type of school. The present paper aimed to study the relationship of teachers attitude towards inclusive education and commitment towards teaching profession with respect to various dimensions i.e. Learner, Society, Profession, Achieve Excellence, Basic Human Values. Descriptive survey with stratified random sampling method was employed for selecting 100 teachers from 5 government and 5 private schools situated in urban area of Chandigarh, UT. The findings suggested that that there exist significant differences in the attitude level of teachers with respect to type of school, educational qualifications and professional experiences. Further, the level of professional commitment of private teachers falls in the average level whereas those of government teachers fall in range of below average level. No significant differences have been found in the professional commitment of graduate and post graduate teachers; & different years of experience i.e. teachers with below 10 years and above 10 years of professional experience teachers. The results indicated a significant positive correlation between attitude of teachers towards inclusive education and professional commitment of teachers. The correlation value of total attitude towards inclusive education with dimension-wise analysis of professional commitment for teachers also indicates more or less similar trends, though the correlation value of commitment to basic human values with total attitude towards inclusive education is not significant. The implications of the findings are discussed for practical application to promote successful inclusion.
Calcium regulation in the freshwater mollusc Limnaea stagnalis (L.). (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). II. Calcium movements between internal calcium compartments.

1. Three major calcium compartments have been identified in L. stagnalis : the shell, the blood and the fresh tissues. 2. The distribution of 45 Ca, absorbed from the medium, in the tissues of L. stagnalis has been studied. Absorbed calcium appears first in the blood and then in the shell and other tissues. 3. 30% of the total fresh tissue calcium and about 20% of mantle calcium exchanges with blood calcium. A continual exchange between shell and blood calcium occurs. 4. During net calcium loss from L. stagnalis a net movement of calcium from shell to blood occurs at a rate similar to the rate of net loss. During net calcium uptake, the reverse movement from blood to shell at a rate similar to the rate of net uptake occurs. 5. A simple mechanism which might account for the control of blood calcium concentration has been proposed.
Freshwater effects assessment of molybdenum : data evaluation and PNEC-derivation December 2008

All rights in this publication belong to International Molybdenum Association and its licensors and are hereby reserved. Possession of or access to this publication does not confer any licence to exploit the intellectual property rights in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form, including photo-copying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transient or incidentally to some other use of this publication, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner, and any relevant licensor, except as permitted by law. Applications for the copyright owners' written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to International Molybdenum Association.
Still missing the boat with fatal pulmonary embolism

Deaths from pulmonary embolism during 1994 among surgical inpatients in three Scottish regions were identified through the Scottish Audit of Surgical Mortality and reviewed to identify the risk factors for thrombo‐embolic disease and the thromboprophylaxis received. Fifty‐seven deaths were studied (3 per cent of total deaths); 25 (44 per cent) of the patients had received prophylaxis. Thirty‐six patients were in a high‐risk group, 19 were at moderate risk and two at low risk. Patients admitted as an emergency, those managed conservatively and those judged to be at moderate risk of thrombo‐embolic disease were most likely not to have received thromboprophylaxis.
Independent visual threshold measurements in the two eyes of freely moving rats and mice using a virtual-reality optokinetic system

Slow horizontal head and body rotation occurs in mice and rats when the visual field is rotated around them, and these optomotor movements can be produced reliably in a virtual-reality system. If one eye is closed, only motion in the temporal-to-nasal direction for the contralateral eye evokes the tracking response. When the maximal spatial frequency capable of driving the response (“acuity”) was measured under monocular and binocular viewing conditions, the monocular acuity was identical to the binocular acuity measured with the same rotation direction. Thus, the visual capabilities of each eye can be measured under binocular conditions simply by changing the direction of rotation. Lesions of the visual cortex had no effect on the acuities measured with the virtual optokinetic system, whereas perceptual thresholds obtained previously with the Visual Water Task are. The optokinetic acuities were also consistently lower than acuity estimates from the Visual Water Task, but contrast sensitivities were the same or better. These data show that head-tracking in a virtual optokinetic drum is driven by subcortical, lower frequency, and contralateral pathways.
Lamination of a Biodegradable Polymeric Microchip

This work builds on the initial design of a polymer microchip for controlled-release drug delivery. Currently, the microchip employs a nonbiodegradable sealant layer, and the new design aims to fabricate it only of biodegradable parts. Experiments were conducted to evaluate two potential designs that are fabricated via lamination, and a final design was proposed based on the results. Design 1 sought to replace the sealant directly with a PLA backing layer, but the laminated backing layer was found to leak in 14C-dextran release experiments. Design 2 used a laminated film instead of the original injected membrane. The laminated film was optimized to a 200-, m thick poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) 2A membrane, and the film-laminated microchip was shown to release 14C-dextran within a 40-day period. The final proposed design was based on Design 2, which demonstrated more potential as a future means of drug delivery. Thesis Supervisor: Michael J. Cima Title: Professor of Materials Science & Engineering
Genetic Variability and Taxonomical Considerations about Six Species of European Cardueline Finches ( Aves

Electrophoretic patterns of seven enzyme systems and two nonenzymatic proteins, albumin and haemoglobin, representing 13 loci, bave been investigated in six species of cardueline finches with Palearctic distribution. A new locus, SOD-3, has been characterized in this subfamily. The two nonenzymatic proteins tumed out to be thè best genetic markers. From thè analysis of thè genetic distances it emcrges that thè mean values between species are higher than those reported for other groups of birds. However, thè same results were obtained for other species of thè same subfamily native to North America. In both cases this result is probably due to a classification that disagrees with thè real cardueline phylogeny. In thè present study, thè attribution of thè Greenfinch to thè genus Carduelis raises thè mean value of distance between species. COMP BIOCHEM PHYSIOL 118B;4:771-775, 1997. © 1997 Elsevier Science Inc.
EFFECT OF THE BCP TREATMENT ON A NbTi FLANGE

Due to its mechanical properties, niobium-titanium alloy is widely used to manufacture the flanges of superconducting niobium accelerating cavities. The material hardness is compliant to provide UHV-tight connections with aluminum gaskets or spring-type gaskets (Helicoflex). In addition, the alloy can be directly welded to the niobium. Because it is also superconducting, Nb55%Ti was used for the fabrication of the membrane of the original capacitive tuner of the IFMIF half-wave resonator. This paper will present surface analysis made on NbTi samples after the chemical treatment and on a Nb / NbTi weld, in order to better understand the experimental RF behavior of the cavity with this type of coupler.
Vaginal cuff endometriosis after laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy : a case report and literature review

Background: Endometriosis of the vaginal cuff after hysterectomy is extremely rare. Here we present a case of endometriosis at the vaginal cuff after laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH). Case: A 41-yearold woman was admitted complaining of sudden massive vaginal bleeding. The patient had a history of hysterectomy 3 years prior due to symptomatic multiple leiomyomas and adenomyosis. A lesion was found at her vaginal cuff, which infiltrated the serous membrane of the rectum and spontaneously ruptured her vagina. However, she had no previous history of endometriosis. The patient was treated with local lesion excision via laparotomy. The pathological diagnosis of the excised tissue was endometriosis. A gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist was administered three times postoperatively. The patient recovered well without evidence of disease 4 months after the excision. Conclusion: Any lesion that evolves in response to the menstrual cycle should be considered as endometriosis.
The Relationships between Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Implementation Benefits in Turkish Manufacturing Firms

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the relationships between benefits of ERP implementation. This study proposes a measurement model for identification of benefits of ERP. The paper also covers testing of hypotheses via the data obtained from a questionnaire, applied to Turkish manufacturing firms. The results confirm that operational, strategical and tactical benefits of ERP implementation are positively related to each other. Moreover, responses show that ERP can affect the whole units of the enterprise and make contribution as a whole. Although KMO test statistics prove that efficient sample size of 241 is achieved, there is need for greater samples for generalizing the results. Firm managers can follow up the empirical data and consider the enterprise as a whole. Moreover, academics can make use of the methodology of the paper. They can also use the empirical findings to compare and support their own results in different contexts. The present paper follows the research call of Yang and Su (2009, p. 722) and investigates the relationships between the benefits of ERP implementation. The literature is rich in studies examining the CSFs of ERP implementation but there is a gap in the benefits of these systems.
Unloading kinesin transported cargoes from the tubulin track via the inflammatory c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase pathway

Axonal transport of mitochondria and synaptic vesicle precursors via kinesin motor proteins is essential to keep integrity of axons and synapses. Disturbance of axonal transport is an early sign of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Treatment of cultured neurons by the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF) stimulated phosphorylation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) in neurites. TNF treatment induced dissociation of the heavy chain kinesin family‐5B (KIF5B) protein from tubulin in axons but not cell bodies as determined by lifetime‐based Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis. Dissociation of KIF5B from tubulin after TNF treatment was dependent on JNK activity. Furthermore, TNF inhibited axonal transport of mitochondria and synaptophysin by reducing the mobile fraction via JNK. Thus, TNF produced by activated glial cells in inflammatory or degenerative neurological diseases acts on neurites by acting on the kinesin‐tubulin complex and inhibits axonal mitochondria and synaptophysin transport via JNK. —Stagi, M. , Gorlovoy, P., Larionov, S. , Takahashi, K. , and Neumann, H. Unloading kinesin transported cargoes from the tubulin track via the inflammatory c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase pathway. FASEB J. 20, E1990–E2001 (2006)
Obstruent Consonant Landmark Detection in Thai Continuous Speech

The presence of obstruent consonants constitutes key landmark events with cues that indicate abrupt acoustic discontinuities in the speech signal. Such discontinuities allow further analysis and recognition to be performed in knowledge-based speech recognition systems. This paper describes an acoustical investigation on Thai obstruent consonant detection using average level crossing rate (ALCR) information. Simple and easy to compute, ALCR information alone was successfully used in an automatic speech segmentation system for English. Comparable and, in some cases, slightly better performance than the spectraldomain methods using the Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) was reported. However, ALCR has never been applied to Thai. As a result, the objective of the study is to apply ALCR information to ascertain its usefulness in detecting significant temporal changes involving obstruent consonants in Thai continuous speech. Preliminary results suggest that ALCR and RMS energy can be combined to detect the phonetic boundary between initial obstruent consonant and preceding/following vowel or final consonant of the preceding syllable. An experiment was conducted on a small speech corpus containing 21 sentences designed to highlight the occurrences of all 21 possible leading consonants in various syllable structures. The overall detection rate is 83.5% for data from four speakers. The proposed method also reduces the insertion error due to amplitude variations within a phonetic segment. 
Kinematic changes during development of a generalized motor program

The Motor Programs theory describes the process by which the nervous system activates control of voluntary movements. After making a decision the brain operates an action plan that directs the appropriate muscular activity. Keele (1968) defined the Motor program as a system of muscle commands created in advance and stored in memory. The Generalized Motor Program (GMP) concept developed by Schmidt (1975) is described as a more flexible and abstract mechanism that controls a class of actions having the same basic characteristics (throwing, kicking) or enables an adaptation of the performance to the environmental demands.
Benefit of tamoxifen in estrogen receptor positive DCIS of the breast.

Allred and colleagues recently published, in Journal of Clinical Oncology, a retrospective analysis which illustrates the benefits of tamoxifen (TAM) in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) according to the estrogen receptor (ER) status (1). The analysis included 41% of the original sample of the NSABP24 trial (2). TAM reduced the hazard of relapse by 50% at 10 years of follow-up among 76% patients resulting ER+ in this trial. No benefit was observed in ER-patients with DCIS. The strength of this analysis was the centralisation of receptor analysis, in the majority of cases, according to standard immunohistochemical analysis.
eLearning Adoption and eLearning Satisfaction of Learners: A case study of Management Program in a University of Thailand

This study investigates eLearning mode of learning in Master of Science in Management (MSM) program at a University in Thailand. The School has adopted the open source software ‘MOODLE’ for its engine of Learning Management System (LMS) by customizing it with video and interactive features, since its inception in 2004. This study is based on the basic proposition that Learners’ adoption of elearning dependent on its effectiveness and usefulness, and their perceived satisfaction. The theoretical foundation of the study has been one of the empirically verified models developed by ShuSheng Liaw (2008), labelled as ‘Three-Tier Technology Use Model’ (3-TUM). It consisted of three interlinked tiers in a sequential order, viz., ‘the individual characteristics and/or system quality tier’ (1 st tier), ‘the affective and/or cognitive tier’ (2 nd tier), and ‘the behavioral intention tier’ (3 rd tier). The model has integrated motivation, the self-cognitive theory (SCT), the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and the technology acceptance model (TAM). In this study the researcher has used questionnaire survey method where the sample units are learners who had undergone the program during the period 2007 to 2017 and a total of 270 cases were analyzed and the proposed model was modified and tested through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study concludes that eLearning system quality and perceived self-efficacy of the learners are critical factors determining the behavioral intention to use eLearning as a mode of learning in higher education of Thailand. The study supports certain findings of Liaw (2008) that the considerations for effective eLearning system are Learner’s self-efficacy, Multi-media formats, and the Interaction environment.
Graded Elevation of c-Jun in Schwann Cells In Vivo: Gene Dosage Determines Effects on Development, Remyelination, Tumorigenesis, and Hypomyelination

Schwann cell c-Jun is implicated in adaptive and maladaptive functions in peripheral nerves. In injured nerves, this transcription factor promotes the repair Schwann cell phenotype and regeneration and promotes Schwann-cell-mediated neurotrophic support in models of peripheral neuropathies. However, c-Jun is associated with tumor formation in some systems, potentially suppresses myelin genes, and has been implicated in demyelinating neuropathies. To clarify these issues and to determine how c-Jun levels determine its function, we have generated c-Jun OE/+ and c-Jun OE/OE mice with graded expression of c-Jun in Schwann cells and examined these lines during development, in adulthood, and after injury using RNA sequencing analysis, quantitative electron microscopic morphometry, Western blotting, and functional tests. Schwann cells are remarkably tolerant of elevated c-Jun because the nerves of c-Jun OE/+ mice, in which c-Jun is elevated ∼6-fold, are normal with the exception of modestly reduced myelin thickness. The stronger elevation of c-Jun in c-Jun OE/OE mice is, however, sufficient to induce significant hypomyelination pathology, implicating c-Jun as a potential player in demyelinating neuropathies. The tumor suppressor P19ARF is strongly activated in the nerves of these mice and, even in aged c-Jun OE/OE mice, there is no evidence of tumors. This is consistent with the fact that tumors do not form in injured nerves, although they contain proliferating Schwann cells with strikingly elevated c-Jun. Furthermore, in crushed nerves of c-Jun OE/+ mice, where c-Jun levels are overexpressed sufficiently to accelerate axonal regeneration, myelination and function are restored after injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In injured and diseased nerves, the transcription factor c-Jun in Schwann cells is elevated and variously implicated in controlling beneficial or adverse functions, including trophic Schwann cell support for neurons, promotion of regeneration, tumorigenesis, and suppression of myelination. To analyze the functions of c-Jun, we have used transgenic mice with graded elevation of Schwann cell c-Jun. We show that high c-Jun elevation is a potential pathogenic mechanism because it inhibits myelination. Conversely, we did not find a link between c-Jun elevation and tumorigenesis. Modest c-Jun elevation, which is beneficial for regeneration, is well tolerated during Schwann cell development and in the adult and is compatible with restoration of myelination and nerve function after injury.