Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Solid Friction Model

Abstract : A model is developed for sliding and rolling friction that can be used in simulations of dynamic systems involving mechanical elements that are subject to friction. Sound bases for the model are developed around the hypothesis that the origin of friction is in quasi static contact bonds that are continuously formed and subsequently broken. Sliding friction, including coulomb friction and the so-called 'stiction,' as well as rolling friction are believed to be realistically simulated by the model. The model has been proven to accurately simulate transient torque and rate measurements on ball bearings tested in the laboratory.
An Experimental Study on the Multi-functional Efficacy of Nano TiO2 Treated Denim Fabrics

In this research work, an attempt has been made to impart multi-functional finish on denim fabric for value addition. The denim fabrics were treated with synthesized nano-TiO2 particle using direct exhaust, microencapsulation and nano encapsulation method. The resultant fabrics were analyzed for their change in physical properties before and after finishing. The efficacies of the functional effects like UV resistant property, antibacterial and stain release ability were also analyzed. The result shows that, the treated material remains unaltered in most of the basic physical property. It was noted that the TiO2 shows best results in inhibiting the growth of bacteria with agar diffusion test method. The UV radiation protection results reveal that the treatment has improved the UPF R to 97% for all the treatment. The blocking of UV-A, B radiation is also more than 82%, irrespective of the treatment. It has poor repellency against stains like pickle and oil but shows good result in case of vegetable, soil and saffron. From the research work, it is evident that there was the treated fabric shows good stain release property and also gives protection to the body against UV radiation with better microbial protection.
A Model for Gate-Underlap-Dependent Short- Channel Effects in Junctionless MOSFET

In this paper, we investigate the impact of gate–source/drain underlap on short-channel behavior of junctionless (JL) transistor through a quasi-analytical model and 2-D numerical simulations. The proposed five-region model for potential is developed for the symmetric mode operation of double-gate (DG) JL MOSFET in the subthreshold regime, to predict and minimize short-channel effects (SCEs) using the optimum design of underlap regions. The five-region model can be transformed into four or three regions to incorporate the possible dependence of biases, doping, and gate workfunction with the underlap length. The parameters indicating SCEs can also be extracted using an analytical approximation for subthreshold drain current. The results from the proposed model are in reasonable agreement with simulation data. Analyses show that underlap length is a critical parameter to restrict the lateral extension of depletion region into the ungated portion. With increasing the underlap length, SCEs improve prominently for moderate doping concentration (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{18}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The improvement in SCEs ceases once the device achieves the maximum lateral extension of the depletion region. This paper provides the physical insights into the optimal use of underlap region in nanoscale JL devices for suppressing SCEs.
Posture Selection Based on Two-Layer AP with Application to Human Action Recognition Using HMM

In this paper, we propose a posture selection method based on two-layer Affinity propagation (AP) for human action recognition using Hidden markov models (HMMs). A two-layer AP is used as the clustering algorithm instead of K-means in order to avoid the problem of random initialization. After two-layer AP, each cluster center of the skeleton features represents the pose of this activity. Each frame sequence of an action can be labeled by a sequence of these poses, meanwhile, the initial parameters of HMM can be calculated from these sequences. The effectiveness of the proposed method is implemented through MSR Action3D and UTKinect databases.
Controlling Conductivity of Asphalt Concrete with Graphite

Electrically conductive asphalt concrete has a huge potential for various multifunctional applications such as self-healing, self-sensing, and deicing. In order to utilize the full spectrum of applications of electrically conductive asphalt composites, precise control of the asphalt mixture resistivity is needed. Most of the previous research using conductive fibers as the primary conductive additives observed a sudden transition from the insulated to conductive phase, commonly known as the percolation threshold, which obstructs more precise conductivity control. Aiming to control the electrical conductivity of asphalt concrete with a smooth transition from the insulated to conductive phase, the researchers have selected graphite powders as an alternative conductive additive in this study. Nine types of graphite having different particle shape, size, and origin were mixed with asphalt binders, and their effects on imparting conductivity were investigated. Based on the results, the research team selected two types of graphite and evaluated the effects on the electrical conductivity of asphalt concrete. The team also examined the effects of aggregate gradation, binder content, and binder type. The results showed that the electrical conductivity of asphalt mastic is sensitive to the graphite type. The natural flake graphite is effective to mitigate the percolation threshold, and a sufficiently high conductivity can be achieved by replacing a part of the fillers with graphite (the conductivity ranged from 10ˉ6 to 10ˉ²/Ω•cm). The results also showed that the binder type does not make a significant change in the mixture conductivity, but the aggregate gradation brings approximately two order differences in the volume resistivity. Mechanical performance of the conductive asphalt is also an important factor for practical field applications. The indirect tension test results showed that the addition of graphite improves the indirect tensile strength up to 41 percent. The electrical and mechanical data obtained from this study provide essential information on the selection of graphite type and asphalt mixture design to achieve the proper electrical conductivity required for the probable multifunctional applications of asphalt concrete, which will lead to technical innovations for sustainable pavements.
Extraction of Process Variation Parameters in FinFET Technology Based on Compact Modeling and Characterization

A parameter extraction methodology of statistical process variations in FinFET is presented in this paper. First, the main impacts of various variation sources are decomposed, with detailed discussion on the correlation between threshold voltage and subthreshold swing. Second, following the Fin-edge roughness (FER) and gate-edge roughness (GER) compact models, the physical parameters, autocorrelation length and amplitude of root mean square of FER and GER, are extracted based on our proposed extraction procedure. Given a set of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (whether from TCAD or measured silicon data), this method can simply extract the process variation parameters from several experimental sets, such as experiments under different device geometries and/or bias conditions. With the extracted parameters integrated into compact models, the figure of merits of simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis results are well consistent with experimental measurements. The proposed methodology is not only helpful for model-based design-technology co-optimization, but also helpful for variation-aware circuit design.
Integrating Statistical Machine Learning in a Semantic Sensor Web for Proactive Monitoring and Control

Proactive monitoring and control of our natural and built environments is important in various application scenarios. Semantic Sensor Web technologies have been well researched and used for environmental monitoring applications to expose sensor data for analysis in order to provide responsive actions in situations of interest. While these applications provide quick response to situations, to minimize their unwanted effects, research efforts are still necessary to provide techniques that can anticipate the future to support proactive control, such that unwanted situations can be averted altogether. This study integrates a statistical machine learning based predictive model in a Semantic Sensor Web using stream reasoning. The approach is evaluated in an indoor air quality monitoring case study. A sliding window approach that employs the Multilayer Perceptron model to predict short term PM2.5 pollution situations is integrated into the proactive monitoring and control framework. Results show that the proposed approach can effectively predict short term PM2.5 pollution situations: precision of up to 0.86 and sensitivity of up to 0.85 is achieved over half hour prediction horizons, making it possible for the system to warn occupants or even to autonomously avert the predicted pollution situations within the context of Semantic Sensor Web.
Nano-Optoelectronic Integration on Silicon

Modern silicon technology offers unprecedented spatial and temporal control of electrons with high levels of integrated complexity. Integrating nanophotonic functionality onto silicon should then allow us to extend this level of control to photons. Resulting nano-optoelectronic systems will inevitably create new functionality, which not only enables next-generation technologies like optical interconnects, but also gives rise to yet unforeseen applications.Directly growing III-V nanomaterials on silicon provides an advantageous pathway towards optoelectronic integration. Conventional wisdom often breaks at the nanoscale, and traditional integration challenges like lattice mismatch are circumvented. In particular, III-V nanoneedles and nanopillars with attractive optical properties grow on silicon under conditions that are compatible with the process constraints of CMOS technology.This dissertation will present a variety of nano-optoelectronic devices developed using the nanoneedle and nanopillar platform. Nanolasers are demonstrated under optical pumping, and progress towards electrical injection is shown. Under reverse bias, nanopillars enable avalanche photodiodes featuring gain-bandwidth products in excess of 100 GHz. Nanopillar devices also exhibit clear photovoltaic effects and even support nonlinear optical generation. The breadth of functionality shown suggests that a powerful marriage between photons and electrons on silicon is well within reach.
FlexTorque: innovative haptic interface for realistic physical interaction in virtual reality

Kinesthetic stimulations, produced by forces exerted on the body, are sensed by mechano-receptors in the joints, tendons, and muscles. When a human hand holds a heavy object, its weight produces torques in the wrist, elbow, and shoulder joint. Each muscle generates a torque at a joint that is the product of its contractile force and its moment arm at that joint. The idea behind FlexTorque is to reproduce human muscle structures that allow us to perform dexterous manipulations and interactions. The result is a wearable haptic interface that presents realistic kinesthetic stimulus to the human arm.
Language design and implementation using ruby and the interpreter pattern

In this paper, the S-expression Interpreter Framework (SIF) is presented as a tool for teaching language design and implementation. The SIF is based on the interpreter design pattern and is written in the Ruby programming language. Its core is quite small, but it can be easily extended by adding primitive procedures and special forms. The SIF can be used to demonstrate advanced language concepts (variable scopes, continuations, etc.) as well as different programming styles (functional, imperative, and object oriented).
Use of Ontologies in Embedded Systems: A Systematic Mapping

Many domains of Embedded Systems (e.g., automotive, avionics, consumer electronics, industrial automation, medical…) are rapidly evolving toward solutions that integrate hardware and software, or incorporate complete systems in a single chip. The specificities of the concepts have a complexity on data analysis and during the identification of relationship between them. The usage of an ontology for embedded systems seems to be necessary. Indeed, ontology is an important engineering artifact used in several domains, that provides uniformity to the concepts in terms of syntax and semantics, facilitates the communication in various fields and improves the understanding of requirements. This work conducted a systematic mapping, to collect evidence about the need of ontologies in embedded systems development. We focus on the identification of ontology that represents languages used for the development of embedded systems, considering the various domains of these, as well as the benefits of using an ontology for this purpose. After applying selection criteria in the mapping driving phases, 19 papers were selected and analyzed. This mapping provides evidences of real benefits in using ontologies for embedded systems.
Validation of the Spanish version of the Trunk Impairment Scale Version 2.0 (TIS 2.0) to assess dynamic sitting balance and coordination in post-stroke adult patients

Background: In recent years the Trunk Impairment Scale version 2.0 (TIS 2.0) has been a frequently used scale to assess dynamic sitting balance and trunk control for stroke patients. Objective: To translate the TIS 2.0 into Spanish and validate it as an instrument to evaluate dynamic sitting balance and trunk control and coordination for post-stroke adult patients. Methods: The original version was translated into Spanish and was agreed by a team of experts. A back-translation into English was subsequently performed and sent to the original author, who approved this version. 58 post-stroke patients’ performance was recorded on a videotape. These videos were then used to carry out four measurements to assess the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, two of these were performed by the same rater and the third and fourth by a second and third rater. Results: The reliability was calculated by the Kappa index, and was superior to 0.80 for intra-rater reliability, while inter-rater reliability varied from 0.487 to 1. Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency was 0.896 and to subscales dynamic sitting balance and coordination were 0.899 and 0.613 respectively. Intra-class correlations (ICC) for the summed scores of the different subscales were above 0.90 for all of them. Conclusion: The Spanish version of the TIS 2.0 is valid and reliable, and can be recommended for use in the evaluation of dynamic sitting balance and trunk control and coordination in future research on post-stroke patients. Guidelines for treatment and level of quality of trunk activity can be derived from its use.
Blood pressure and risk of breast cancer, overall and by subtypes: a prospective cohort study

Objective: Blood pressure (BP) and breast cancer may share a common pathophysiologic pathway involving chronic inflammation, hormone synthesis and metabolism. Previous studies investigating the association between BP and breast cancer measured BP at a single time point and did not examine associations by breast cancer molecular subtypes. Methods: We used data from 22 833 female participants in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. BP was objectively measured at baseline (1990–1994) and a follow-up visit (2003–2007). Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for baseline BP and temporal changes in BP in relation to risk of breast cancer, overall and by molecular subtypes. Results: We did not observe any associations between BP measured at baseline and breast cancer risk overall (per 5 mmHg SBP, hazard ratio = 1.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.99–1.02), nor by subtype (per 5 mmHg SBP: estrogen-receptor-negative: hazard ratio = 0.99, 0.96–1.03, progesterone-receptor-negative: hazard ratio = 1.01, 0.99–1.04, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative: hazard ratio = 1.00, 0.98–1.01). Temporal changes in BP were not associated with risk of breast cancer (per 5 mmHg change in SBP, hazard ratio = 1.00, 0.97–1.03). Increased DBP over time was associated with higher risk of triple-negative breast cancer (P = 0.04), based on a small number of cases (N = 41). Conclusion: Our study supports previous findings of no association between BP and breast cancer. Similar conclusions were reached when assessing BP over time and when examining specific tumor subtypes.
Automatic and Controlled Attentional Processes in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Use of a Mini-Verbal Test

Recent finding suggests that in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) executive functions deficits may be a frequent clinical finding. Automatic and Controlled attentional processes are related to the allocation of cognitive resources in different stimuli, being important to executive functioning. The present study aims at assessing the hypothesis of executive dysfunction deficits in MCI patients. Method: forty five MCI patients and forty five normal aging controls (NC) were assessed with the Five Digits Test (5D), a Mini-Verbal test version of the Stroop Test. Group comparisons were performed by t tests and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. Results: comparisons indicates significant differences between NC and MCI in efficiency measures of controlled attentional processes, with moderate effect sizes, but not in automatic attentional processes or processing speed. Conclusion: the present work shows a selective pattern of impairment in MCI, indicating specific deficits in executive functioning with spared processing speed.
Sestrin 1 ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy via autophagy activation

Cardiac hypertrophy is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Autophagy is acknowledged to be an important mechanism regulating cardiac hypertrophy. Sestrin 1, a downstream target gene of p53, has been proven to regulate autophagy. However, the role of Sestrin 1 in cardiac hypertrophy remains unknown. Our study showed that Sestrin 1 mRNA and protein expression declined in pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy and phenylephrine (PE)‐induced cardiac hypertrophy. Knockdown of Sestrin 1 by RNAi deteriorated PE‐induced cardiac hypertrophy, whereas the overexpression of Sestrin 1 by adenovirus transfection blunted hypertrophy. We discovered that knockdown of Sestrin 1 resulted in impaired autophagy while overexpression of Sestrin 1 resulted in increased autophagy without affecting lysosomal function. In addition, the antihypertrophic effect of Sestrin 1 overexpression was eliminated by autophagy blockade. Importantly, Sestrin 1 targets at the AMPK/mTORC1/autophagy pathway to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy by interaction with AMPK which is responsible for autophagy regulation. Taken together, our data indicate that Sestrin 1 regulates AMPK/mTORC1/autophagy axis to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy.
The limitations of using school league tables to inform school choice

Summary. In England, so‐called ‘league tables’ based on examination results and test scores are published annually, ostensibly to inform parental choice of secondary schools. A crucial limitation of these tables is that the most recent published information is based on the current performance of a cohort of pupils who entered secondary schools several years earlier, whereas for choosing a school it is the future performance of the current cohort that is of interest. We show that there is substantial uncertainty in predicting such future performance and that incorporating this uncertainty leads to a situation where only a handful of schools’ future performances can be separated from both the overall mean and from one another with an acceptable degree of precision. This suggests that school league tables, including value‐added tables, have very little to offer as guides to school choice.
Assessment of 10 kV, 100 A Silicon Carbide mosfet Power Modules

This paper presents a thorough characterization of 10 kV SiC <sc>mosfet</sc> power modules, equipped with third-generation <sc>mosfet</sc> chips and without external free-wheeling diodes, using the inherent SiC <sc>mosfet </sc> body-diode instead. The static performance (e.g., <italic>I</italic><sub>DS</sub>–<italic>V</italic><sub>DS </sub>, <italic>I</italic><sub>DS</sub>–<italic>V</italic><sub>GS</sub>, <italic>C</italic>–<italic>V </italic> characteristics, leakage current, body-diode characteristics) is addressed by measurements at various temperatures. Moreover, the power module is tested in a simple chopper circuit with inductive load to assess the dynamic characteristics up to 7 kV and 120 A. The SiC <sc>mosfet</sc> power module exhibits an on-state resistance of 40 mΩ at room-temperature and leakage current in the range of 100 nA, approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of a 6.5 kV Si-IGBT. The power module shows fast switching characteristics with the turn-on (turn-on loss) and turn-off (turn-off loss) times of 130 ns (89 mJ) and 145 ns (33 mJ), respectively, at 6.0 kV supply voltage and 100 A current. Furthermore, a peak short-circuit current of 900 A and a short-circuit survivability time of 3.5 <italic>μ</italic>s were observed. The extracted characterization results could serve as input for power electronic converter design and may support topology evaluation with realistic system performance predictability, using SiC <sc> mosfet</sc> power modules in the energy transmission and distribution networks.
OOSTING THE A CTOR WITH D UAL C RITIC

This paper proposes a new actor-critic-style algorithm called Dual Actor-Critic or Dual-AC. It is derived in a principled way from the Lagrangian dual form of the Bellman optimality equation, which can be viewed as a two-player game between the actor and a critic-like function, which is named as dual critic. Compared to its actor-critic relatives, Dual-AC has the desired property that the actor and dual critic are updated cooperatively to optimize the same objective function, providing a more transparent way for learning the critic that is directly related to the objective function of the actor. We then provide a concrete algorithm that can effectively solve the minimax optimization problem, using techniques of multistep bootstrapping, path regularization, and stochastic dual ascent algorithm. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves state-of-the-art performance across several benchmarks.
Minimally‐invasive dental anesthesia: Patients' preferences and analysis of the willingness‐to‐pay index

AIM The aim of the present prospective study was to evaluate the impact of a computer-controlled anesthesia on patients' comfort and to investigate, through the willingness-to-pay (WTP) index, and patients' acceptance of this new technology. METHODS Fifty patients undergoing a class I or II restorative procedure were enrolled. A computer-controlled device for anesthetic delivery was utilized, and a questionnaire on the level of discomfort and WTP was given to all patients. RESULTS A total of 86% of participants declared less discomfort than that perceived during their last traditional procedure for pain control; 58% of patients were willing to pay an additional fee for a modern anesthesia technique, with a median WTP value of 20$. CONCLUSIONS Computer-controlled systems for local anesthesia represent a relevant tool for reducing patients' discomfort during dental treatment. The WTP index helps to quantify its relevance.