Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PAGOdA: Pay-as-you-go ABox Reasoning

Ontologies are increasingly used to provide structure and enhance access to large datasets. In such applications the ontology can be seen as a TBox, and the dataset as an ABox, with the key reasoning problem being conjunctive query (CQ) answering. Unfortunately, for OWL 2 this problem is known to be of high worst case complexity, even when complexity is measured with respect to the size of the data, and in realistic settings datasets may be very large. One way to address this issue is to restrict the ontology to a fragment with better computational properties, and this is the motivation behind the OWL 2 profiles. Another approach is to optimise reasoning for arbitrary OWL 2 ontologies. This latter approach has proved very successful for TBox reasoning, with systems such as Konclude, HermiT, Pellet and Racer being widely used to reason over large-scale ontologies. Up to now, however, reasoning with large ABoxes has, in practice, largely been restricted to the OWL 2 profiles. In this paper we describe PAGOdA: a highly optimised reasoning system that supports CQ answering with respect to an arbitrary OWL 2 ontology and an RDF dataset (roughly equivalent to a SROIQ TBox and ABox). It uses a novel approach to query answering that combines a datalog (or OWL 2 RL) reasoner (currently RDFox [11]) with a fully-fledged OWL 2 reasoner (currently HermiT [5]) to provide scalable performance while still guaranteeing sound and complete answers. PAGOdA delegates the bulk of the computational workload to the datalog reasoner, with the extent to which the fully-fledged reasoner is needed depending on interactions between the ontology, the dataset and the query. This approach is ‘pay-as-you-go’ in the sense that query answering is fully delegated to the datalog reasoner whenever the input ontology is expressed in any of the OWL 2 profies; furthermore, even when using an out-of-profile ontology, queries can often be fully answered using only the datalog reasoner; and even when the fully-fledged reasoner is required, PAGOdA employs a range of optimisations, including relevant subset extraction, summarisation and dependency analysis, to reduce the number and size of the relevant reasoning problems. This approach has proved to be very effective in practice: in our tests of more than 4,000 queries over 8 ontologies, none of which is contained within any of the OWL profiles, more than 99% of queries were fully answered without
Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data (RAPID3) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) Scores Yield Similar Information in 85 Korean Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis Seen in Usual Clinical Care

BackgroundDisease-specific ankylosing spondylitis (AS) indices, including BASDAI (Bath AS Disease Activity Index), BASFI (Bath AS Functional Index), ASDAS (AS Disease Activity Score), and BASMI (Bath AS Metrology Index), are widely used in clinical trials and in some clinical settings, but not in most routine care. Laboratory tests usually are the only quantitative measures included in routine care of AS patients, but often are poorly informative. Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) on a Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) is feasible and informative in many rheumatic diseases. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare RAPID3 to BASDAI, BASFI, ASDAS, and BASMI in a cross-sectional analysis of 85 Korean AS patients collected in routine care. MethodsMDHAQ/RAPID3, BASDAI, and BASFI were completed by patients, and ASDAS and BASMI assessed by health professionals. Indices and individual measures were compared using correlations, cross tabulations, scatter plots, and &kgr; statistics. ResultsRAPID3 scores were correlated significantly with BASDAI (&rgr; = 0.82) and ASDAS-ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) (&rgr; = 0.76), at levels similar to the correlation of BASDAI with ASDAS-ESR (&rgr; = 0.81). All 21 patients with BASDAI scores of 4 or greater, indicating active AS, were among 39 patients who had RAPID3 scores of greater than 12, indicating high severity, whereas 79% of 33 patients with ASDAS of greater than 1.3, indicating high activity, had RAPID3 high severity. ConclusionsRAPID3 gives similar information to BASDAI and ASDAS in AS patients, in this limited cross-sectional study from 1 setting. Ankylosing spondylitis–specific measures are needed for clinical trials, but poorly feasible in most busy clinical settings. The MDHAQ/RAPID3 offers pragmatic quantitative clinical assessment of AS patients in routine care.
Intrinsic absorption in 3C 279 at GeV—TeV energies and consequences for estimates of the extragalactic background light

We revisit the limits of the level of the extragalactic background light (EBL) recently reported by the MAGIC collaboration based on the observed γ-ray spectrum of the quasar 3C 279, considering the impact of absorption of high-energy γ-ray photons inside the broad-line region (BLR) of the quasar. We use the photoionization code cloudy to calculate the expected optical–ultraviolet radiation field inside the BLR and the optical depth for a relatively extended set of the parameters. We found that the absorption of γ-ray photons, though important for the estimate of the true radiative output of the source, does not produce an important hardening of the spectrum of 3C 279 in the energy band accessible by MAGIC, supporting the method used to infer the upper limits to the level of the EBL.
Non-Equilibrium Photodissociation Regions: Ionization-Dissociation Fronts

We discuss the theory of coupled ionization--dissociation fronts produced when molecular clouds are exposed to $\lambda < 1110$\AA\ radiation from hot stars. A steady, composite structure is developed, which generally includes an ionized outflow away from the cloud, an ionization front, a layer of photodissociated gas, a photodissociation front, and a shock wave preceding the photodissociation front. We show that the properties of the structure are determined by two dimensionless parameters, $\psi$ and $\delta$, and by the Alfv\'en speed in the preshock gas. For a broad range of parameters of interest, the ionization front and the hydrogen photodissociation front do not separate, the H$_2$ photodissociation and photoionization take place together, and a classical hydrogen ``photodissociation region'' (PDR) does not exist. We also show that even when a distinct photodissociation region exists, in many cases the dissociation front propagates too rapidly for the usual stationary models of PDRs to be applicable. We discuss several famous PDRs, e.g., in M17 and Orion and conclude that they cannot be described by equilibrium PDR models.
Automatic Segmentation of Connected Thin Peripheral Vessels in Chest CT Scan Images

Vessel enhancement and segmentation is one of the crucial pre-processing steps in accurate vessel tree reconstruction in many chest CT scan imaging applications. Conservative vessel enhancement approaches used eigenvalues of Hessianbased filters, which are found to be sensitive to noise, fails to detect small ones, and sometimes give discontinued vessels due to junction suppression. Since Hessian-based filters cannot distinguish step edges from vessels effectively, in this paper, we propose a novel framework to overcome the problems for vessel enhancement for thorax CT images. The road map of proposed work has three steps. First, extract the lung region from thorax CT images based on Gray-level thresholding and morphological operations; then, according to the idea of the matched filter in different directions, and local entropy thresholding, to obtain more precise analysis in noisy environment and thus can correctly reveal entire vessels. Also, qualitative as well as quantitative evaluations performed on CT images show that the proposed filter generates better performance in comparison against two Hessian-based approaches (Frangi and Shikata).
Machine Extraction of Landforms from Multispectral Images Using Texture and Neural Methods

This study makes an attempt towards machine generation of landform maps from optical remote sensing data. The automation in our approach is to the extent that the training of multilayer perceptrons (MLP) used as a classifier is carried out offline, and subsequently the trained MLP is used to identify the landform classes in a given unknown satellite image. Emphasis of this paper is on exploring potential of gray level co-occurrence (GLC) texture statistics computed from a reasonably extensive database created using multispectral images for landform discrimination. GLC texture statistics form the feature of the pattern vector used for training the MLP. Generalization results are assessed using the cross validation mechanism. Our results for aeolian landforms suggest the textural method to be promising in machine extraction of landforms
An Investigation of the Features and Effectiveness of the Full-Day Early Learning Kindergarten Program in Ontario

This dissertation includes two studies. Study 1 is a qualitative case study that describes enactment of the main components of a high fidelity Full-Day Early Learning Kindergarten (FDELK) classroom, specifically play-based learning and teacher-ECE collaboration. Study 2 is a quantitative analysis that investigates how effectively the FDELK program promotes school readiness skills, namely self-regulation, literacy, and numeracy, in Kindergarteners. To describe the main components of an FDELK classroom in Study 1, a sub-sample of four high fidelity case study schools were selected from a larger case study sample. Interview data from these schools’ administrators, educators, parents, and community stakeholders were used to describe how the main components of the FDELK program enabled educators to meet the individual needs of students and promote students’ SR development. In Study 2, hierarchical regression analyses of 32,207 students’ self-regulation, literacy, and numeracy outcomes using 2012 Ontario Early Development Instrument (EDI) data revealed essentially no benefit for students participating in the FDELK program when compared to peers in Half-Day or AlternateDay Kindergarten programs. Being older and female predicted more positive SR and literacy outcomes. Age and gender accounted for limited variance in numeracy outcomes. Results from both studies suggest that the Ontario Ministry of Education should take steps to improve the quality of the FDELK program by incorporating evidence-based guidelines and goals for play, reducing Kindergarten class sizes to more effectively scaffold learning, and revising curriculum expectations to include a greater focus on SR, literacy, and numeracy skills.
Bandwidth-Aware Energy Efficient Routing with SDN in Data Center Networks

Nowadays energy efficiency has been one of the most urgent issues for Data center networks. Flow scheduling methods based on exclusive routing have been used to minimize the network energy while meeting the network performances, such as network throughput, and flow deadline. However these energy efficient exclusive routings only maximize the utilization of ports, which may leave switches underutilized. In this paper, we propose a bandwidth-aware energy efficient routing algorithm with SDN to minimize the overall energy for data center traffic in time dimension. With simulations implemented in OMNeT++, we show that our algorithm can reduce the overall energy with respect to the traffic volume and reduce the flow completion time on average.
CamBlend: an object focused collaboration tool

CamBlend is a new focus-in-context panoramic video collaboration system designed to facilitate the interaction with and around objects in a lightweight, flexible package. As well as the ability to view very high resolution local and remote video that covers a full 180#176; field of view, the system contains a number of tools which facilitate bi-directional pointing between two remote spaces. In the first quasi-naturalistic exploratory study on a focus-in-context video system, we show a number of unique object referencing behaviours, including un-intentional or 'implicit' pointing and a number of scenarios where this was advantageous. Additionally the study highlighted some of the problems inherent in aligning between screen-based and real-world perspectives.
Protein content and protein synthesis rates of planktonic marine bacteria

Bacterial carbon production is an important parameter in understanding the flows of carbon and energy in aquatic ecosystems, but has been difficult to measure. Present methods are based on measuring the rate of cell production, and thus require a knowledge of cellular carbon content of the growing bacteria to convert cell production into carbon production. We have examined the possibility that protein synthesis rate of pelagic bacteria might serve as the basis for directly estimating bacterial carbon production. We measured bacterial protein content and protein production of pelagic bacteria. Bacterial protein content was measured as amino acids by high performance liquid chromatography of cell hydrolysates of bacterial assemblages of mean diameters from 0.026 to 0.4 km. Cellular protein:volume (w/v) in the largest bacteria was 15.2 '10 (similar to cultured Escherichia coli] but increased with decreasing cell size to 46.5 % in 0.026 pm bacteria. Protein per bacterium was correlated with cell volume by the power function y = 8 8 . ~ 2 ~ ' (r2 = 0.67; p C 0.01; n = 25) . An inventory of major bacterial macromolecular pools revealed that cell protein:dry weight and cell protein:carbon were essentially constant (63 % and 54 %. respectively) for the entire cell size range although cell protein:volume increased with decreasing cell size. Thus, the smaller cells in the size range were rich in carbon and dry weight and poor in water compared with larger cells. We established the experimental conditions for estimating protein synthesis on the basis of 3H leucine incorporation by bacteria, and determined the necessary parameters (including the intracellular isotope dilution by HPLC) for converting 3~ leucine incorporation into protein synthesis rate. In samples from Scripps Institution of Oceanography pier the intracellular isotope dilution was only 2-fold. In a field study in Southern California Bight bacterial protein production and %I-thymidine incorporation methods yielded comparable rates of bacterial production. Bacterial protein production method was an order of magnitude more sensitive and yielded bacterial carbon production directly without the need to know the cell size of the part of the assemblage in growth state.
Local Binary Pattern based face recognition system for automotive security

In this paper we present an approach for face recognition under varying poses, illumination variation and facial expressions. Illumination variation, Pose variation and facial expressions are the main challenges among the various factors that severely affects the performance of the face recognition. The main aim of this paper is to calculate and evaluate the performance of combination of Independent Component Analysis and local binary pattern approach for different face databases that contains number of images with illumination variation, varying poses and facial expressions. 3 images per subject are used for training purpose and remaining images for testing or recognition purpose. Uniform Local Binary Pattern is used for extracting the features. These extracted features reduced by independent component analysis and Euclidean distance is used for matching. We have calculated FRR and TSR parameter which gives accuracy of given method. Finally comparing the results for different face databases.
Deformable image registration for cone-beam CT guided transoral robotic base-of-tongue surgery

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) offers a minimally invasive approach to resection of base-of-tongue tumors. However, precise localization of the surgical target and adjacent critical structures can be challenged by the highly deformed intraoperative setup. We propose a deformable registration method using intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to accurately align preoperative CT or MR images with the intraoperative scene. The registration method combines a Gaussian mixture (GM) model followed by a variation of the Demons algorithm. First, following segmentation of the volume of interest (i.e. volume of the tongue extending to the hyoid), a GM model is applied to surface point clouds for rigid initialization (GM rigid) followed by nonrigid deformation (GM nonrigid). Second, the registration is refined using the Demons algorithm applied to distance map transforms of the (GM-registered) preoperative image and intraoperative CBCT. Performance was evaluated in repeat cadaver studies (25 image pairs) in terms of target registration error (TRE), entropy correlation coefficient (ECC) and normalized pointwise mutual information (NPMI). Retraction of the tongue in the TORS operative setup induced gross deformation >30 mm. The mean TRE following the GM rigid, GM nonrigid and Demons steps was 4.6, 2.1 and 1.7 mm, respectively. The respective ECC was 0.57, 0.70 and 0.73, and NPMI was 0.46, 0.57 and 0.60. Registration accuracy was best across the superior aspect of the tongue and in proximity to the hyoid (by virtue of GM registration of surface points on these structures). The Demons step refined registration primarily in deeper portions of the tongue further from the surface and hyoid bone. Since the method does not use image intensities directly, it is suitable to multi-modality registration of preoperative CT or MR with intraoperative CBCT. Extending the 3D image registration to the fusion of image and planning data in stereo-endoscopic video is anticipated to support safer, high-precision base-of-tongue robotic surgery.
Phase Equilibrium and Austenite Decomposition in Advanced High-Strength Medium-Mn Bainitic Steels

The work addresses the phase equilibrium analysis and austenite decomposition of two Nb-microalloyed medium-Mn steels containing 3% and 5% Mn. The pseudobinary Fe-C diagrams of the steels were calculated using Thermo-Calc. Thermodynamic calculations of the volume fraction evolution of microstructural constituents vs. temperature were carried out. The study comprised the determination of the time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams and continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams of the investigated steels. The diagrams were used to determine continuous and isothermal cooling paths suitable for production of bainite-based steels. It was found that the various Mn content strongly influences the hardenability of the steels and hence the austenite decomposition during cooling. The knowledge of CCT diagrams and the analysis of experimental dilatometric curves enabled to produce bainite-austenite mixtures in the thermomechanical simulator. Light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to assess the effect of heat treatment on morphological details of produced multiphase microstructures.
Side Chains That Influence Fidelity at the Polymerase Active Site of Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase I (Klenow Fragment)*

To investigate the interactions that determine DNA polymerase accuracy, we have measured the fidelity of 26 mutants with amino acid substitutions in the polymerase domain of a 3′-5′-exonuclease-deficient Klenow fragment. Most of these mutant polymerases synthesized DNA with an apparent fidelity similar to that of the wild-type control, suggesting that fidelity at the polymerase active site depends on highly specific enzyme-substrate interactions and is not easily perturbed. In addition to the previously studied Y766A mutator, four novel base substitution mutators were identified; they are R668A, R682A, E710A, and N845A. Each of these five mutator alleles results from substitution of a highly conserved amino acid side chain located on the exposed surface of the polymerase cleft near the polymerase active site. Analysis of base substitution errors at four template positions indicated that each of the five mutator polymerases has its own characteristic error specificity, suggesting that the Arg-668, Arg-682, Glu-710, Tyr-766, and Asn-845 side chains may contribute to polymerase fidelity in a variety of different ways. We separated the contributions of the nucleotide insertion and mismatch extension steps by using a novel fidelity assay that scores base substitution errors during synthesis to fill a single nucleotide gap (and hence does not require mismatch extension) and by measuring the rates of polymerase-catalyzed mismatch extension reactions. The R682A, E710A, Y766A, and N845A mutations cause decreased fidelity at the nucleotide insertion step, whereas R668A results in lower fidelity in both nucleotide insertion and mismatch extension. Relative to wild type, several Klenow fragment mutants showed substantially more discrimination against extension of a T·G mismatch under the conditions of the fidelity assay, providing one explanation for the anti-mutator phenotypes of mutants such as R754A and Q849A.
Automatic Tool Support Possibilities for the Text-Based S-BPM Process Modelling Methodology

In the sister paper to this work1 we proposed a method for using natural language text as the working basis of business process management efforts, especially incorporating the subject-oriented business process management and modeling (S-BPM) paradigm. The texts then would function as the basis to derive formal process models from. The methodology alone, especially when executed manually, may not have enough advantages over classical direct description-to-formal-model approaches. Consequently, in this paper we examine the possibilities, but also the limitations, of using state of the art computer linguistic tools to automate and support the derivation process.
Exploring Future Impacts of Environmental Constraints on Human Development

Environmental constraints have always had, and will always have, important consequences for human development. They have sometimes contributed to, or even caused, the reversal of such development. The possibility that such constraints, including climate change, will grow significantly this century raises the concern that the very significant advances in human development across most of the world in recent decades will slow or even reverse. We use the International Futures (IFs) integrated forecasting system to explore three scenarios: a Base Case scenario, an Environmental Challenge scenario, and an Environmental Disaster scenario. Our purpose is to consider the impact of different aspects and levels of environmental constraint on the course of future human development. Using the Human Development Index (HDI) and its separate components as our key measures of development, we find that environmental constraints could indeed greatly slow progress and even, in disastrous conditions, begin to reverse it. Least developed countries are most vulnerable in relative terms, while middle-income countries can suffer the greatest absolute impact of constraints, and more developed countries are most resilient. Education’s advance is the aspect of development tapped by the HDI that is most likely to continue even in the face of tightening environmental constraints, and that is one reason why human development shows great momentum even in the face of environmental challenges.