Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on Play

Part 1: The Value of Play? Psychological, Educational and Playwork Perspectives 1. Three Perspectives on Play Pam Jarvis, Avril Brock and Fraser Brown We Don't Play Like That Here: Social, Cultural and Gender Perspectives on Play Yinka Olusoga Part 2: Children at Play: A Journey through the Years 3. Curriculum and Pedagogy of Play: A Multitude of Perspectives? Avril Brock 4. Born to Play: Babies and Toddlers Playing Avril Brock, Jonathan Doherty, Pam Jarvis, Jackie Matthews and Dawn Stevenson 5. Playing in the Early Years: At Liberty to Play Not only Legal but also Statutory! Avril Brock 6. We Want to Play: Primary Children at Play in the Classroom Sylvia Dodds Part 3: Supporting Children's Play 7. Building Social Hardiness for Life: Rough and Tumble Play in the Early Years of Primary School Pam Jarvis 8. Play for Children with Special Educational Needs Verna Kilburn and Karen Mills 9. Playwork Fraser Brown 10. Opening Play: Research into Play and Drama Therapy Phil Jones Part 4. Concluding Perspectives 11. Play, Learning for Life: The Vital Role of Play in Human Development Pam Jarvis, Stephen Newman and Jane George
Correlation between power cycling and thermal cycling fatigue reliabilities of chip-scale packages

In this paper, the sequential thermal-mechanical coupling analysis, which solves in turn the transient temperature field and subsequent thermomechanical deformations, was carried out to investigate board-level fatigue reliabilities of TFBGA under accelerated power cycling test conditions. Experiments for steady state and transient thermal dissipations were conducted to verify the thermal analysis. Comparing between numerical results for power cycling and thermal cycling, it is noticed that for the tests similar low and high temperature extremes, power cycling leads to a much longer fatigue life than thermal cycling does, which indicates that thermal cycling is a more conservative criterion than power cycling is in evaluating the fatigue resistance of the electronic packages.
Size-Dependent Behavior of Piezoelectric Circular Ultrathin Films With Consideration of Surface Effects for NEMS Applications

In this paper, size-dependent electromechanical behavior of circular nanoplates made of piezoelectric materials is studied with consideration of materials surface properties. Gurtin-Murdoch theory for solid surfaces is used to generalize the classical plate model through an analytical method. Closed-form solutions based on Bessel functions with modified arguments are given for some normalized parameters that represent different physical aspects of the problem. In addition to general parametric analysis and for more exploration, ZnO nanoplates are also examined as pointing up case studies. It is shown that external electric loading can control the size-dependent behavior of piezoelectric nanoplates without any requirement for high-precision devices to be applied. This concept is more observable in thinner nanoplates with considerable size-dependent behaviors. Next, it is shown that surface residual stresses can make the piezoelectric nanoplates with especial geometries to get self-unstable. The numerical results illustrate a contradiction at macroscale which can be used for measurement of surface residual stresses without coping with difficulties of nanoscale experimental setups. An inverse formulation is also proposed for verification of the results with relevant experiments confirming capability of the presented procedure in size-dependent analysis of nanostructures.
Intrahousehold Resource Allocation in Cote D'Ivoire: Social Norms, Separate Accounts and Consumption Choices

In Cote d'Ivoire, as in much of Africa, husbands and wives farm different crops on separate plots. These different crops are differentially sensitive to particular kinds of rainfall shocks. We find that conditional on overall household expenditure, the composition of expenditure is sensitive to the gender of the recipient of a rainfall shock. For example, rainfall shocks associated with high women's income shift expenditure towards food. Social norms constrain the use of profits from yam cultivation, which is carried out by men. Correspondingly, we find that rainfall-induced fluctuations in income from yams are transmitted to expenditures on education and food, not to expenditures on private goods. We reject the hypothesis of complete insurance within households, even with respect to publicly observable weather shocks. Different sources of income are allocated to different uses depending upon both the identity of the income earner and upon the origin of the income.
MAMBO

As the ARM architecture expands beyond its traditional embedded domain, there is a growing interest in dynamic binary modification (DBM) tools for general-purpose multicore processors that are part of the ARM family. Existing DBM tools for ARM suffer from introducing large overheads in the execution of applications. The specific questions that this article addresses are (i) how to develop such DBM tools for the ARM architecture and (ii) whether new optimisations are plausible and needed. We describe the general design of MAMBO, a new DBM tool for ARM, which we release together with this publication, and introduce novel optimisations to handle indirect branches. In addition, we explore scenarios in which it may be possible to relax the transparency offered by DBM tools to allow extra optimisations to be applied. These scenarios arise from analysing the most typical usages: for example, application binaries without handcrafted assembly. The performance evaluation shows that MAMBO introduces small overheads for SPEC CPU2006 and PARSEC 3.0 when comparing with the execution times of the unmodified programs: a geometric mean overhead of 28% on a Cortex-A9 and of 34% on a Cortex-A15 for CPU2006, and between 27% and 32%, depending on the number of threads, for PARSEC on a Cortex-A15.
Investigating Effects of Control and Ads Awareness on Android Users' Privacy Behaviors and Perceptions

Through a controlled online experiment with 447 Android phone users using their own devices, we investigated how empowering users with information-disclosure control and enhancing their ads awareness affect their installation behaviors, information disclosure, and privacy perceptions toward different mobile apps. In the 3 (control: no, low, high) x 2 (ads awareness: absent, present) x 3 (app context: Wallpaper, BusTracker, Flashlight) fractional factorial between-subjects experiment, we designed privacy notice dialogs that simulate real Android app pre-installation privacy-setting interfaces to implement and manipulate control and ads awareness. Our findings suggest that empowering users with control over information disclosure and enhancing their ads awareness before installation effectively help them make better privacy decisions, increase their likelihood of installing an app, and improve their perceptions of the app. Implications for designing mobile apps' privacy notice dialogs and potential separate-ads-control solutions are discussed.
Thin film encapsulation by e-beam evaporation of oxides

A few oxide thin films, SiO<inf>2</inf>, TiO<inf>2</inf>, Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> and ZrO<inf>2</inf> were deposited by e-beam evaporation and evaluated on their encapsulation performance. Ca buttons were used as sensors to detect the permeated oxygen and moisture through the oxide barrier layers. The metal Ca sensors coated by the barrier layers were microscopically observed. The results showed that the optimal single layer thickness was varied from 10 to 50 nm, depending on the oxide material. A thicker layer than 60 nm was not helpful for improvement of barrier performance, likely due to the existence of imperfects on substrate and the creation of cracks due to the large residual stress of the oxide thin films. As thin film encapsulation materials, e-beam evaporated Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> and ZrO<inf>2</inf> are superior to SiO<inf>2</inf> and TiO<inf>2</inf> in barrier performance.
Strategyproof mechanisms for dynamic tree formation in overlay networks

In overlay multicast, every end host forwards multicast data to other end hosts in order to disseminate data. However, this cooperative behavior cannot be taken for granted, since each overlay node is now a strategic end host. Ideally, a strategyproof mechanism should be provided to motivate cooperations among overlay nodes so that a mutually beneficial multicast tree topology results. In this paper, we apply mechanism design to the overlay multicast problem. We model the overlay network using the two scenarios of variable and single rate sessions, and further design distributed algorithms that motivate each node towards a better multicast tree. Since network parameters and constraints change dynamically in reality, our protocol dynamically adapts to form a better multicast tree. The correctness and performance of each distributed algorithm are verified by extensive implementation results on PlanetLab.
Modes of delivery of genetic testing services and the uptake of cancer risk management strategies in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers

BRCA testing services are now offered by various healthcare providers, thus it is important to evaluate whether the implementation of cancer risk management (CRM) strategies varies by service provider. Using a registry‐based sample of 795 female BRCA mutation carriers, we explored the association between uptake of CRM strategies with duration of genetic counseling (GC) sessions, provider type, and other demographic and clinical variables. All participants completed a baseline questionnaire. Information about uptake of CRM strategies was collected for a subset of 438 participants who completed additional questions. Summary statistics and Pearson chi‐squared analysis were used to examine the associations between demographic and clinical variables with service delivery factors and with the uptake of various CRM strategies. Overall uptake of CRM strategies was high across all provider types. However, GC sessions were longer when provided by a genetics professional than by another provider (p < 0.001). Furthermore, higher frequencies of uptake of most CRM strategies were associated with longer GC sessions and when testing was performed by a genetics professional. Identification of factors to optimize delivery of these specialized GC services is important to maximize implementation of CRM strategies in BRCA carriers.
Dynamics of non-cohabiting sex partnering in sub-Saharan Africa: a modelling study with implications for HIV transmission

Objective To develop an analytical understanding of non-cohabiting sex partnering in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using nationally representative sexual behaviour data. Method A non-homogenous Poisson stochastic process model was used to describe the dynamics of non-cohabiting sex. The model was applied to 25 countries in SSA and was fitted to Demographic and Health Survey data. The country-specific mean values and variances of the distributions of number of non-cohabiting partners were estimated. Results The model yielded overall robust fits to the empirical distributions stratified by marital status and sex. The median across all country-specific mean values was highest for unmarried men at 0.574 non-cohabiting partners over the last 12 months, followed by that of unmarried women at 0.337, married men at 0.192 and married women at 0.038. The median of variances was highest for unmarried men at 0.127, followed by married men at 0.057, unmarried women at 0.003 and married women at 0.000. The largest variability in mean values across countries was for unmarried men (0.103–1.206), and the largest variability in variances was among unmarried women (0.000–1.994). Conclusions Non-cohabiting sex appears to be a random ‘opportunistic’ phenomenon linked to situations that may facilitate it. The mean values and variances of number of partners in SSA show wide variation by country, marital status and sex. Unmarried individuals have larger mean values than their married counterparts, and men have larger mean values than women. Unmarried individuals appear to play a disproportionate role in driving heterogeneity in sexual networks and possibly epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections.
Initial clinical testing of a holographic non-invasive contact lens glucose sensor.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of a new holographic contact lens glucose sensor for the non-invasive monitoring of blood glucose. METHODS One fasting normal subject was given an oral challenge consisting of 44 g of glucose. The contact lens hologram signal and fingerstick blood glucose were measured over a 26- min period. RESULTS The contact lens hologram signal appeared to track blood glucose well. The contact lens was comfortable and well tolerated. CONCLUSION The holographic contact lens glucose sensor shows promise as a non-invasive home glucose monitor.
Intracellular Aβ1-42 Aggregates Stimulate the Accumulation of Stable, Insoluble Amyloidogenic Fragments of the Amyloid Precursor Protein in Transfected Cells (*)

We have analyzed the effect of internalized amyloid β-protein (Aβ) 1-42 aggregates on the metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in stably transfected 293 cells. The amount of potentially amyloidogenic fragments of APP immunoprecipitated by anti-carboxyl-terminal APP and anti-Aβ antibodies is dramatically enhanced by the treatment of the cells with Aβ1-42, which is resistant to degradation, but not Aβ1-28, which does not accumulate in cells. This accumulation of amyloidogenic carboxyl-terminal fragments is specific, since there is relatively little effect of Aβ1-42 on the amount of the nonamyloidogenic α-secretase carboxyl-terminal fragment. The amyloidogenic fragments accumulate in the same nonionic detergent-insoluble fraction of the cell that contains the internalized Aβ1-42. Western analysis indicates that a subset of the amyloidogenic fragments react with antibodies that recognize a conformation of Aβ that is specifically associated with aggregated forms of Aβ, suggesting that the adoption of this aggregation-related conformation may be an early event which precedes the final processing that produces Aβ. Pulse-chase analysis of the [35S]Met-labeled 16-kDa amyloidogenic fragment indicates that it is relatively stable in Aβ1-42-treated cells, with a half-life of approximately 50 h. This fragment is degraded with a half-life of 30 min in control cells treated with Aβ1-28. In contrast, the turnover of the nonamyloidogenic α-secretase product is not significantly altered by the presence of Aβ1-42. The continuous uptake of Aβ1-42 from the medium is not required for the stimulation of amyloidogenic fragment accumulation, suggesting that the presence of intracellular Aβ1-42 aggregates establishes a new pathway for APP catabolism in cells which leads to the long term stability of the fragments. If these amyloidogenic fragments of APP ultimately give rise to Aβ, then the production of Aβ may be an autocatalytic, “runaway” process in cells containing Aβ1-42 nuclei. It is conceivable that the accumulation of insoluble APP and amyloidogenic fragments of APP in response to Aβ1-42 aggregates may mimic the pathophysiology of dystrophic neurites, where the accumulation of intracellular APP and APP fragments has been documented by immunohistochemistry.
A Descriptive Analysis of Kinematic and Electromyographic Relationships of the Core during Forward Stepping in Beginning and Expert Dancers

While electromyographic (EMG) and ki-nematic data in dance are accumulating, to date these data have raised more questions than they have answered. The purpose of this study was to introduce ensemble averaging into this body of literature as a way of dealing with the high levels of within-subject and between-subject vari-ability that have been previously reported. This study also introduces analysis during a forward weight shift, an analysis currently absent from the literature. Three collegiate novices (18.7 ± 0.6 years of age) and three expert dancers (27.7 ± 5.5 years of age) were studied in-depth. EMG data were collected continuously at 600 Hz for analysis of onset of activity for abdominal and erector spinae muscles. Kinematic data were collected continuously at 120 Hz from markers on the acromion and the greater trochanter for analysis of the verticality of the trunk. Data were collected continuously for over 4 seconds to include: baseline data prior to movement on a right legged balance, data for movement into plié fondu on the right leg, data for a forward step to the left leg, and baseline data at resolution on a left legged balance. For analysis, data were synchronized by time using onset of vertical ground reaction forces recorded by a force plate under the initial stance leg. All participants were tested on two separate days to assess day-to-day variability. Fifteen trials were collected on each day for each individual. Ensemble averaging of continuously recorded data was used to create line graphs for visual inspection, first to compare day-to-day congruence for each individual, next to assess within group variability, and finally to compare composite graphs between groups. Day-to-day variations for each individual were minimal. Differences were seen between members of the Beginner group but not the Expert group. Between group comparisons revealed the following differences: Experts appeared to use an anterior core support strategy while Beginners appeared to use a posterior core support strategy, Experts dis-played less EMG and kinematic variability than Beginners, and Experts maintained a more vertical posture throughout. Surprisingly, even though Experts were more verti-cal, they demonstrated the same amount of overall anterior-posterior sway as the Beginners. This finding leads to discussion of the dynamic nature of neuromuscular coordination patterns in maintenance of verticality. Issues surrounding the inability of statistically constructed models of human kinematic data to accurately represent individuals in groups are also discussed. Finally, applications of these findings to teaching and learning are offered.
Clinical Nurse Specialists’ Perceptions of Work Patterns, Outcomes, Desires, and Emerging Trends

OBJECTIVE: This study explored clinical nurse specialists’ (CNSs’) perceptions of work patterns, outcomes, desires, and emerging trends in practice. BACKGROUND: Clinical nurse specialists transform patient care toward high-quality, cost-effective outcomes, but the role includes multiple dimensions contributing to role confusion. METHODS: Using qualitative methods, 12 CNSs were interviewed for perceptions of their role in healthcare today. Data reduction and confirmability strategies were used in data analysis. RESULTS: Work patterns included office activities, patient rounds, working with nurses, attending meetings, and supporting quality improvement initiatives. Outcomes included safer patient care, getting patients the resources they need, transforming nurses, and meeting the quality metrics. An emerging trend was increased involvement in research. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical nurse specialists perceive the role to be important in driving change and transforming nursing care towards high-quality clinical outcomes.
On the impact of route monitor selection

Several route monitoring systems have been set up to help understand the Internet routing system. They operate by gathering real-time BGP updates from different networks. Many studies have relied on such data sources by assuming reasonably good coverage and thus representative visibility into the Internet routing system. However, different deployment strategies of route monitors directly impact the accuracy and generality of conclusions. Our work is the first to critically examine the visibility constraints imposed by the deployment of route monitors on various applications. We study the difference due to diverse deployment schemes on three important classes of applications: (1) discovery of relatively stable Internet properties such as the AS topology and prefix to origin AS mappings, (2) discovery of dynamic routing behavior such as IP prefix hijack attacks and routing instability, and (3) inference of important network properties such as AS relationships and AS-level paths. We study several simple schemes of route monitor selection and provide insights on improving monitor placement.
Neuroprotection of antioxidant enzymes against transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils

Experimentally transient global cerebral ischemia using animal models have been thoroughly studied and numerous reports suggest the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of neuronal death in ischemic lesions. In animal models, during the reperfusion period after ischemia, increased oxygen supply results in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in the process of cell death. ROS, such as superoxide anions, hydroxyl free radicals, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide are produced as a consequence of metabolic reactions and central nervous system activity. These reactive species are directly involved in the oxidative damage of cellular macromolecules such as nucleic acids, lipids and proteins in ischemic tissues, which can lead to cell death. Antioxidant enzymes are believed to be among the major mechanisms by which cells counteract the deleterious effect of ROS after cerebral ischemia. Consequently, antioxidant strategies have been long suggested as a therapy for experimental ischemic stroke; however, clinical trials have not yet been able to promote the translation of this concept into patient treatment regimens. This article focuses on the contribution of oxidative stress or antioxidants to the post-ischemic neuronal death following transient global cerebral ischemia by using a gerbil model.
Face and Tone of Voice in the Communication of Deception

The contributions of face and tone of voice (filtered speech) to the communication of honest and deceptive messages were examined. In general, tone of voice was a better source of deception and leakage than the face. In addition, raters' judgments of the combined audiovisual channel were better predicted from their judgments of tone of voice when the message was deceptive and from their judgments of the face when the message was honest. The relative importance of face and tone of voice was also affected by the availability of verbal content— when content was available the face became less important. Thus, judges obtained more information from facial cues that were added to filtered speech (a comparison between filtered speech and face plus filtered speech) than from facial cues that were added to the full voice (a comparison between the voice and face plus voice). In addition, judgments of the audiovisual channel without content (face plus filtered speech) were better predicted from judgments of the face, whereas judgments of the audiovisual channel with content (face plus full voice) were better predicted from judgments of filtered speech. Finally, the relative importance of face and tone of voice was also determined by the affect that was communicated. Tone of voice was a better source of information about dominance and submission; the face revealed more information and was more highly correlated with the combined audiovisual channel for communications of liking and disliking. The present study investigated the relative importance of face and tone of voice in the communication of honest and deceptive messages; these messages concerned the sender's feelings about four target persons: someone they liked, someone they disliked, someone they dominated, and someone to whom they submitted (cf. DePaulo & Rosenthal, 1979). Our choice of channels (face vs. tone of voice) and type of communication (truth/ deception) was determined by two considerations. The first pertains to the "leakage" hierarchy of nonverbal channels (cf. Ekman & Friesen, 1969) and the second to the question of "video vs. audio primacy" (DePaulo, Rosenthal, Eisenstat, Rogers, & Finkelstein, 1978; Mehrabian & Ferris, 1967). These considerations are reviewed below. The choice of the target persons was based on