Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NMDA-Dependent, But Not Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Dependent, Long-Term Depression at Schaffer Collateral–CA1 Synapses Is Associated with Long-Term Reduction of Release from the Rapidly Recycling Presynaptic Vesicle Pool

Postsynaptic alterations have been suggested to account for NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term depression (LTD) and long-term potentiation of synaptic strength, although there is substantial evidence supporting changes in presynaptic release. Direct chemical activation of either NMDA or group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) elicits LTD of similar magnitudes, but it is unknown whether they share common expression mechanisms. Using dual-photon laser-scanning microscopy of FM1-43 [N-(3-triethylammoniumpropyl)-4-(4-(dibutylamino)styryl)pyridinium dibromide] to directly visualize presynaptic vesicular release from the rapidly recycling vesicle pool (RRP) at Schaffer collateral terminals in field CA1 of rat hippocampal slices, we found that a persistent reduction in vesicular release from the RRP is induced by NMDA-LTD but not by mGluR1-LTD. Variance-mean analyses of Schaffer collateral release probability (Pr) at varying extracellular calcium concentrations confirmed that NMDA-LTD was associated with reduced Pr, whereas mGluR1-LTD was not. Pharmacological isolation of NMDAR-dependent and mGluR-dependent forms of stimulus-evoked LTD revealed that both are composed of a combination of presynaptic and postsynaptic alterations. However, when group I mGluR-dependent LTD was isolated by combining an NMDAR blocker with a group II mGluR antagonist, this form of LTD was purely postsynaptic. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine blocked the induction of NMDA-LTD but did not alter mGluR-LTD, consistent with a selective role for nitric oxide as a retrograde messenger mediating NMDA-LTD. These data demonstrate that single synapses can express multiple forms of LTD with different sites of expression, that NMDA-LTD is a combination of presynaptic and postsynaptic alterations, but that group I mGluR-LTD appears to be expressed entirely postsynaptically.
Comparison of conventional and resonant boost converters for grid-connected solar systems

In photovoltaic sources, operating current and voltage, due to variable environmental conditions, will change. Since the operating point can maximize output power, one approach to use a maximum power point tracking seems to be necessary. Typically MPPT algorithms are implemented on a solar system utilizing a switching power converter. The used DC-DC converter in this paper is a boost; therefore choosing an adequate topology of boost converter is very important. In this paper resonant boost converters have been compared with conventional ones.
Effectiveness of the Benign and Malignant Diagnosis of Mediastinal and Hilar Lymph Nodes by Endobronchial Ultrasound Elastography

Background and Objectives: Endobronchial ultrasound elastography is a new technique for describing the stiffness of tissue during endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). The aims of this study were to investigate the diagnostic value of Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) elastography for distinguishing the difference between benign and malignant lymph nodes among mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: From June 2015 to August 2015, 47 patients confirmed of mediastinal and hilar lymph node enlargement through examination of Computed tomography (CT) were enrolled, and a total of 78 lymph nodes were evaluated by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). EBUS-guided elastography of lymph nodes was performed prior to EBUS-TBNA. A convex probe EBUS was used with a new EBUS processor to assess elastographic patterns that were classified based on color distribution as follows: Type 1, predominantly non-blue (green, yellow and red); Type 2, part blue, part non-blue (green, yellow and red); Type 3, predominantly blue. Pathological determination of malignant or benign lymph nodes was used as the gold standard for this study. The elastographic patterns were compared with the final pathologic results from EBUS-TBNA. Results: On pathological evaluation of the lymph nodes, 45 were benign and 33 were malignant. The lymph nodes that were classified as Type 1 on endobronchial ultrasound elastography were benign in 26/27 (96.3%) and malignant in 1/27 (3.7%); for Type 2 lymph nodes, 15/20 (75.0%) were benign and 5/20 (25.0%) were malignant; Type 3 lymph nodes were benign in 4/31 (12.9%) and malignant in 27/31 (87.1%). In classifying Type 1 as 'benign' and Type 3 as 'malignant,' the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy rates were 96.43%, 86.67%, 87.10%, 96.30%, 91.38%, respectively. Conclusion: EBUS elastography of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes is a noninvasive technique that can be performed reliably and may be helpful in the prediction of benign and malignant lymph nodes among mediastinal and hilar lymph node during EBUS-TBNA.
Integrated Analysis Identifies Interaction Patterns between Small Molecules and Pathways

Previous studies have indicated that the downstream proteins in a key pathway can be potential drug targets and that the pathway can play an important role in the action of drugs. So pathways could be considered as targets of small molecules. A link map between small molecules and pathways was constructed using gene expression profile, pathways, and gene expression of cancer cell line intervened by small molecules and then we analysed the topological characteristics of the link map. Three link patterns were identified based on different drug discovery implications for breast, liver, and lung cancer. Furthermore, molecules that significantly targeted the same pathways tended to treat the same diseases. These results can provide a valuable reference for identifying drug candidates and targets in molecularly targeted therapy.
Cannabinoid receptor activation in the juvenile rat brain results in rapid biomechanical alterations: Neurovascular mechanism as a putative confounding factor

We have recently reported cannabinoid-induced rapid changes in the structure of individual neurons. In order to investigate the presence of similar effects at the regional level, measures of brain tissue biomechanics are required. However, cannabinoids are known to alter cerebral blood flow (CBF), putatively resulting in presently unexplored changes in cerebral tissue biomechanics. Here we used magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) imaging to measure in vivo alterations of mechanical properties and CBF, respectively, in the rat hippocampus, a brain region with a high density of type-1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R). Systemic injection of the cannabinoid agonist CP55,940 (0.7 mg/kg) induced a significant stiffness decrease of 10.5 ± 1.2% at 15 minutes. FAIR imaging indicated a comparable decrease (11.3 ± 1.9%) in CBF. Both effects were specific to CB1R activation, as shown by pretreatment with the CB1R-specific antagonist AM251. Strikingly, similar rapid parallel changes of brain elasticity and CBF were also observed after systemic treatment with the hypotensive drug nicardipine. Our results reveal important drug-induced parallel changes in CBF and brain mechanical characteristics, and show that blood flow-dependent tissue softening has to be considered as an important putative confounding factor when cerebral viscoelastic changes are investigated.
Structured matrix methods for a polynomial root solver using approximate greatest common divisor computations and approximate polynomial factorisations

This thesis discusses the use of structure preserving matrix methods for the numerical approximation of all the zeros of a univariate polynomial in the presence of noise. In particular, a robust polynomial root solver is developed for the calculation of the multiple roots and their multiplicities, such that the knowledge of the noise level is not required. This designed root solver involves repeated approximate greatest common divisor computations and polynomial divisions, both of which are ill-posed computations. A detailed description of the implementation of this root solver is presented as the main work of this thesis. Moreover, the root solver, implemented in MATLAB using 32-bit floating point arithmetic, can be used to solve non-trivial polynomials with a great degree of accuracy in numerical examples.
Spectral function of a single hole in a two-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet.

Les calculs utilisent l'approximation auto-coherente de Born pour l'auto-energie. Pour de petits systemes, on trouve un bon accord avec les etudes de diagonalisation exacte. Dans la limite thermodynamique, le residu de quasiparticule, la masse effective et le fond d'onde de spin multiple incoherente sont determines en fonction du rapport d'echange d'Heisenberg et de l'amplitude de saut
Energy Distribution of Positive Charges in  ${\rm Al}_{2}{\rm O}_{3}{\rm GeO}_{2}/{\rm Ge}$ pMOSFETs

The high hole mobility of Ge makes it a strong candidate for end of roadmap pMOSFETs and low interface states have been achieved for the Al2O3-GeO2-Ge gate-stack. This structure, however, suffers from significant negative bias temperature instability (NBTI), dominated by positive charge (PC) in Al2O3/GeO2. An in-depth understanding of the PCs will assist in the minimization of NBTI and the defect energy distribution will provide valuable information. The energy distribution also provides the effective charge density at a given surface potential, a key parameter required for simulating the impact of NBTI on device and circuit performance. For the first time, this letter reports the energy distribution of the PC in Al2O3/GeO2 on Ge. It is found that the energy density of the PC has a clear peak near Ge Ec at the interface and a relatively low level between Ec and Ev. Below Ev at the interface, it increases rapidly and screens 20% of the Vg rise.
Use of thromboelastography to tailor dual-antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing treatment of intracranial aneurysms with the Pipeline embolization device

Background Platelet function testing is controversial and not well studied in patients with neurovascular disease. Objective To evaluate the performance of thromboelastography (TEG) as a platelet function test in neurovascular patients treated with the Pipeline embolization device (PED). Methods A prospective protocol was instituted for platelet function testing in patients undergoing repair of intracranial aneurysms with the PED. All patients received dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) and their response to both P2Y12 inhibitors and aspirin was quantified with TEG. Each patient's DAT induction strategy was tailored based on the percentage ADP-induced and percentage arachidonic acid-induced platelet inhibition reported by TEG. Data collected included clinical presentation, aneurysm characteristics, treatment details, and periprocedural events. Patients were followed up clinically and/or angiographically at 30 days, 6 months, and 1 year. Results Thirty-four PED procedures were performed on 31 patients. TEG results altered the DAT strategy in 35% of patients. Technical success with the Pipeline placement was 100%. Two patients had minor strokes and five had transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). There have been no hemorrhagic complications. No patient had permanent neurologic deficits. Six of eight (75%) of patients with thromboembolic/TIA events were ADP-induced hyporesponders by TEG. Our 6- and 12-month angiographic occlusion rates were 78.9% and 89.5%, respectively. The 19 major branches covered by the PED that were assessed by follow-up imaging have all remained patent. Conclusions Platelet function testing with TEG altered our DAT induction strategy in a significant number of cases. No hemorrhagic or disabling thromboembolic complications were seen in this series. Future studies should compare methods of platelet function testing and, possibly, no platelet function testing in neurovascular patients undergoing flow diversion and/or stent-assisted treatment of intracranial aneurysms.
Concurrent Error Detection and Correction in Gaussian Normal Basis Multiplier over GF(2^m)

Fault-based cryptanalysis has been developed to effectively break both private-key and public-key cryptosystems, making robust finite field multiplication a very important research topic in recent years. However, no robust normal basis multiplier has been proposed in the literature. Therefore, this investigation presents a semisystolic Gaussian normal basis multiplier. Based on the proposed Gaussian normal basis multiplier, both concurrent error detection and correction capabilities can be easily achieved using time redundancy technology with no hardware modification.
Régulation du canal SK3 par l'AMPc et le calcium extracellulaire dans les cellules cancéreuses du sein

Nous avons montre un role d’un canal K+, le canal SK3, dans la migration des cellules cancereuses de sein MDA-MB-435s et le developpement de metastases osteolytiques du cancer du sein. Lors de l’osteolyse, la [Ca²+]ext augmente dans le microenvironnement osseux. Nous avons voulu determiner si cette elevation de [Ca²+]ext, pouvait moduler l’expression et l’activite du canal SK3. Nous avons montre que l’augmentation de la [Ca²+]ext: i) favorise l’expression du canal SK3. Cet effet fait intervenir le recepteur au calcium (CaSR), qui en diminuant la [AMPc]int reduit l’activite de la PKA et leve ainsi son inhibition de la transcription du gene KCNN3 (codant pour SK3) ; ii) favorise la migration cellulaire dependante du canal SK3, mecanisme impliquant egalement le CaSR ; iii) active le canal SK3 qui, par ailleurs, voit son activite reduite par l’elevation d’AMPc intracellulaire. De plus, l’augmentation d’AMPc delocalise un canal calcique partenaire de SK3, le canal Orai1, et diminue l’entree constitutive de Ca²+ et la migration dependantes du canal SK3. En conclusion, nos resultats montrent que l’expression et l’activite de SK3 sont regulees par l’AMPc et le Ca2+ extracellulaire. Ceci permet d’envisager une nouvelle strategie therapeutique ciblant l’AMPc pour le traitement des metastases osseuses du cancer du sein.
Sol‐Gel Low‐temperature Synthesis of Stable Anatase‐type TiO2 Nanoparticles Under Different Conditions and its Photocatalytic Activity

In this work, TiO2 nanoparticles in anatase phase was prepared by sol‐gel low temperature method from titanium tetra‐isopropoxide (TTIP) as titanium precursor in the presence of acetic acid (AcOH). The effects of synthesis parameters such as AcOH and water ratios, sol formation time, synthesis and calcination temperature on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles were evaluated. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, UV–Vis reflectance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller techniques. Photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles determined in the removal of C. I. Acid Red 27 (AR27) under UV light irradiation. Results indicate that with increasing AcOH/TTIP molar ratio from 1 to 10, sol formation time from 1 to 3 h and synthesis temperature from 0 to 25°C, increases crystallite size of synthesized nanoparticles. It was found that optimal conditions for low temperature preparation of anatase‐type TiO2 nanoparticles with high photocatalytic activity were as follows: TTIP:AcOH:water molar ratio 1:1:200, sol formation time 1 h, synthesis temperature 0°C and calcination temperature 450°C.
Conserved 3′-Untranslated Region Sequences Direct Subcellular Localization of Chaperone Protein mRNAs in Neurons*

mRNA localization provides polarized cells with a locally renewable source of proteins. In neurons, mRNA translation can occur at millimeters to centimeters from the cell body, giving the dendritic and axonal processes a means to autonomously respond to their environment. Despite that hundreds of mRNAs have been detected in neuronal processes, there are no reliable means to predict mRNA localization elements. Here, we have asked what RNA elements are needed for localization of transcripts encoding endoplasmic reticulum chaperone proteins in neurons. The 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs) of calreticulin and Grp78/BiP mRNAs show no homology to one another, but each shows extensive regions of high sequence identity to their 3′UTRs in mammalian orthologs. These conserved regions are sufficient for subcellular localization of reporter mRNAs in neurons. The 3′UTR of calreticulin has two conserved regions, and either of these is sufficient for axonal and dendritic targeting. However, only nucleotides 1315–1412 show ligand responsiveness to neurotrophin 3 (NT3) and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). This NT3- and MAG-dependent axonal mRNA transport requires activation of JNK, both for calreticulin mRNA and for other mRNAs whose axonal levels are commonly regulated by NT3 and MAG.
Bile acid content of human serum. I. Serum bile acids in patients with hepatic disease.

Lack of specific analytic methods has hitherto prevented exact studies of the effect of liver disease upon the concentration of bile acids in the serum. Until recently it has not been possible to measure the serum concentration of bile acids other than cholic acid. Various modificationsof the Pettenkofer reaction have been employed to determine the serum concentration of cholic acid. Reports of "normal" serum cholic acid concentrations of 0.0 mg. per cent (1), 0.4 mg. per cent (2), 0.6 to 2.2 mg. per cent (3), and 3 to 6 mg. per cent (4) reflect the non-specific nature of this reaction. Several observers have agreed, however, that an accumulation of cholic acid occurs in the serum of patients with obstructive jaundice, elevations to 9 mg. per cent having been recorded (5). In acute hepatitis, serum cholic acid was less regularly elevated (5). In patients with portal cirrhosis, serum cholic acid as studied by Snell (6) and by Sherlock and Walshe (5) was generally not elevated. The introduction of improved methods of separating and identifying the various bile acids (7-9) has stimulated a re-examination of this subject. A preliminary report from this laboratory ( 10) indicates that both dihydroxy and trihydroxy bile acids, largely in conjugated form, accumulate in the serum and are excreted in the urine of patients with obstructive jaundice. Only dihydroxy bile acid has been found in the serum of patients with Laennec's cirrhosis and no bile acid can be detected in the urine of these subjects. The binding of bile acids by serum albumin has also been described (10). Carey (11) has reported differences in the ratio of dihydroxy and
BAYESIAN INFERENCE FOR CATEGORICAL DATA WITH MISCLASSIFICATION ERRORS

In epidemiological studies, observed data are often collected subject to misclassification errors. In this paper, we discuss the Bayesian estimation for contingency table with misclassification errors. Employing the exact Bayesian computations to obtain posterior means as estimates, we are faced with computational difficulties. In order to find the posterior distribution, we apply the data augmentation(DA) algorithm to misclassified categorical data.
Risk Stratification in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by ventricular arrhythmias and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Although structural abnormalities of the right ventricle predominate, it is well recognized that left ventricular involvement is common, particularly in advanced disease, and that left-dominant forms occur. The pathological characteristic of ARVC is myocyte loss with fibrofatty replacement. Since the first detailed clinical description of the disorder in 1982, significant advances have been made in understanding this disease. Once the diagnosis of ARVC is established, the single most important clinical decision is whether a particular patient’s sudden cardiac death risk is sufficient to justify placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. The importance of this decision reflects the fact that ARVC is a common cause of sudden death in young people and that sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. This decision is particularly important because these are often young patients who are expected to live for many years. Although an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator can save lives in individuals with this disease, it is also well recognized that implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy is associated with both short- and long-term complications. Decisions about the placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator are based on an estimate of a patient’s risk of sudden cardiac death, as well as their preferences and values. The primary purpose of this article is to provide a review of the literature that concerns risk stratification in patients with ARVC and to place this literature in the framework of the 3 authors’ considerable lifetime experiences in caring for patients with ARVC. The most important parameters to consider when determining arrhythmic risk include electric instability, including the frequency of premature ventricular contractions and sustained ventricular arrhythmia; proband status; extent of structural disease; cardiac syncope; male sex; the presence of multiple mutations or a mutation in TMEM43; and the patient’s willingness to restrict exercise and to eliminate participation in competitive or endurance exercise.
Donor information based prediction of early allograft dysfunction and outcome in liver transplantation

Poor initial graft function was recently newly defined as early allograft dysfunction (EAD) [Olthoff KM, Kulik L, Samstein B, et al. Validation of a current definition of early allograft dysfunction in liver transplant recipients and analysis of risk factors. Liver Transpl 2010; 16: 943]. Aim of this analysis was to evaluate predictive donor information for development of EAD.
Path Optimization Protocol Based on Speed Low Power Metrics

The design of high performance circuits implies to manage CAD tools with physical level defined indicators. In this paper, we validate a design space exploration method, defining maximum and minimum delay bounds on logical paths. Then we adapt this method to a "constant sensitivity method" allowing to size a circuit at minimum area under a delay constraint. Three techniques are characterized: path global sizing, local buffer insertion and mixed sizing and buffer insertion. These methods are implemented in an optimization tool and compared on ISCAS'85 benchmarks with an industrial tool