Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Honeypot and scan detection in intrusion detection system

We present an application of a honeypot in detection collaboration with an intrusion detection system. We have designed and implemented a honeypot port-scan detection system for scan detection, which can work as a module of the intrusion detection system and can also run independently. Nowadays, intrusion detection systems face more challenges, such as data overload, high false positives and negatives, and being incapable of understanding the encrypted or IPv6 packets. We introduce new data structures (such as a new link structure for slow scan) and new event mechanisms in our system, and present a new method to solve some weaknesses in known techniques, so our system can provide an early scan warning and detect some new attacks. Our tests on this system in a typical network environment show that the system has very low false positives and false negatives.
Combining B Tools for Multi-Process Systems Specification

We introduce a systematic method that combines process-oriented design and abstract systems to specify multiprocess system using Event B. As far as specification is concerned, the proposed method guides the user to describe his/her system by considering both process-oriented view and event B style of specification. With regard to mechanization, the method enforces the conjoined use of both theorem proving technique and model checking technique with the associated tools: AtelierB and ProB. This method makes it easy the specification in Event B of multi-process systems and it also fasters the correctness proof. Our proposal is illustrated with a case study: a multi-process system with the interaction between processes that deal with parts using common resources.
A survey of trace exploration tools and techniques

The analysis of large execution traces is almost impossible without efficient tool support. Lately, there has been an increase in the number of tools for analyzing traces generated from object-oriented systems. This interest has been driven by the fact that polymorphism and dynamic binding pose serious limitations to static analysis. However, most of the techniques supported by existing tools are found in the context of very specific visualization schemes, which makes them hard to reuse. It is also very common to have two different tools implement the same techniques using different terminology. This appears to result from the absence of a common framework for trace analysis approaches. This paper presents the state of the art in the area of trace analysis. We do this by analyzing the techniques that are supported by eight trace exploration tools. We also discuss their advantages and limitations and how they can be improved.
Parallel Database Join Operations in Heterogeneous Grids

This paper presents an analytical comparison of parallel join algorithms in a generalized multiprocessor framework and a simplified, heterogenous Grid environment. We develop a concise but comprehensive analytical model for the well-known hash join algorithm and compare it to nested-loop and sort-merge join algorithms. We concentrate on a limited number of characteristic parameters to keep the analytical model clear and focused. We justify that a meaningful model can be built upon only three characteristic parameter sets, describing node processing performance, the I/O and the disk bandwidth, which are the parameters for the optimization the Grid workflow by a smart brokerage mechanism. Based on these results the paper proves that by a smart enhancement of the algorithms exploiting the specifics of the Grid the known performance results for a homogenous multi-processor architecture are to be revised for a heterogenous Grid environment.
Rethinking School Finance: An Agenda for the 1990s. The Jossey-Bass Education Series.

Provides thoughtful insights, challenging solutions, and specific guidance on implementing sound fiscal policy for schools in the 1990s. The book identifies important topics in education reform--paying teachers for productivity, school site management, incentives, choice, coordinated social services for children, interstate disparities--and discusses the finance issues related to them.
THE EFFECT OF SHIELDING GASES ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL WELDMENTS

In this study AISI 304 L type of austenitic stainless steels were welded using 308 L consumable electrodes by the process of Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW). The aim of current study is to examine effects of shielding gas compositions on mechanical properties and microstructure of AISI 304 L weldments. A detailed study of gas metal arc welding of AISI 304 L stainless steel was carried out with different shielding gas compositions such as 100% argon, 80% argon + 20% CO2, 50% Argon + 50% argon and 100% CO2. The mechanical properties were determined by performing different tests, viz. Charpy V notch impact test, tensile test, hardness test, bend test. Surface morphology had been analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the shielding gas compositions have great influence on mechanical properties. Results revealed that increase in amount of CO2 in shielding gas resulted in higher tensile strength and hardness values than the base metal. The study also indicated that shielding gas composition also have an influence on toughness values which further depends upon -ferrite content in the weld metal. This -ferrite content decreases with increase in CO2 percentage of shielding gases. Decrease in -ferrite content has negative effects on toughness values of weldments. The gas metal arc welding is found to be suitable for welding of AISI 304 L austenitic stainless steels owing to their high welding speed and excellent mechanical properties.
Short interrupted palindromes on the extragenic DNA of Escherichia coli K-12, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis

MOTIVATION The importance of the various kinds of repetitive nucleotide sequences for the workings of bacterial DNA has been widely recognized. This work is concerned with the distribution of a particular group of repetitive sequences, the short-sequenced interrupted extragenic palindromes, on the genetic maps of Escherichia coli K-12, Haemophilus influenzae Rd and Neisseria meningitidis Z2491 and MC58. A tool has been developed based upon a statistical hypothesis test taking into account the markovian structure of random sequences in order to determine the non-random character of extragenic palindromes. RESULTS Totals of 7631, 12904, 4722 and 5477 non-random short interrupted palindromes have been found on the E.coli, H.influenzae, and N.meningitidis serogroup A and serogroup B genomes, respectively. Their distribution patterns on the respective genomes vary according to the bacterial species considered. Based on their position on the genome, palindromes could be distinguished as those which integrate longer, repetitive sequences; those which stand in isolation, and still others are associated to specific genome sites. AVAILABILITY The complete list of the observed palindromes is available at the site http://www/lncc.br/~atrv. CONTACT atrv@lncc.br
Reeh-Schlieder Theorem for Ultrahyperfunctional Wightman Theory

It will be shown that the Reeh-Schlieder property holds for states of quantum fields for ultrahyperfunctional Wightman theory. As by product, it is shown that the Reeh-Schlieder property also holds for states of quantum fields on a non-commutative Minkowski space in the setting ultrahyperfunctional.
Interactive Exploration of Comparative Dependency Network Learning

Comparative dependency network learning is a growing field of research, especially in systems biology. Domain scientists would like to discover patterns of variable dependency that are conserved across conditions or discover pathways that are disrupted due to disease. In machine learning, multitask graphical structure learning algorithms have been developed to help solve this problem by learning network models from multiple related datasets. These algorithms typically have regularization hyper-parameters that have the effect of reducing the number of spurious edges learned and the number of spurious differences learned. We propose a mechanism to allow the end-user to control these regularization hyper-parameters in real-time to interactively explore the huge space of potential dependency network solutions. This is a critical element of a visualization system that enables domain scientists to discover interesting patterns in multivariate data. Yet, this is a computationally challenging endeavor as complex models must be learned in real-time and, additionally the number of differences learned in each network and the number of differences between them must be translated by the machine learning algorithm into the correct change in the setting of the hyper-parameters. This paper introduces a general framework for interactively exploring the similarities and differences among a set of dependency networks and demonstrates our work-in-progress on a specific implementation for multiple Bayesian networks.
A radix-10 SRT divider based on alternative BCD codings

In this paper we present the algorithm and architecture a radix-10 floating-point divider based on an SRT non-restoring digit-by-digit algorithm. The algorithm uses conventional techniques developed to speed-up radix-2k division such as signed-digit (SD) redundant quotient and digit selection by constant comparison using a carry-save estimate of the partial remainder. To optimize area and latency for decimal, we include novel features such as the use of alternative BCD codings to represent decimal operands, estimates by truncation at any binary position inside a decimal digit, a single customized fast carry propagate decimal adder for partial remainder computation, initial odd multiple generation and final normalization with rounding, and register placement to exploit advanced high fanin mux-latch circuits. The rough area-delay estimations performed show that the proposed divider has a similar latency but less hardware complexity (1.3 area ratio) than a recently published high performance digit-by-digit implementation.
Contextual Analysis Processing Able to Interpret Coherence of Knowledge Representations Related to Reputation

A processing technique of interpretation able to capture coherence of contents of multiple foci among sequential concepts and phenomena, disambiguating contextual knowledge representations, is described in this paper. The proposed system can capture cohesion of expressive but simultaneously complicated sentence structures, utilizing the construction of four novel sentence pattern ¿ any Japanese sentence being classifiable into one of these ¿ which clarify role relations between words related with an absolute expression, of unchangeable meaning, called CEE within the predicate. For instance, having a "big heart", a tolerant mind, and, "pretty girl", are both usually understood as a quality; whereas the expressions “big words" and "pretty boy", or effeminate boy, have rather a pejorative connotation. To resolve such contextual ambiguity, the system achieves an accurate contextual analysis, by identifying the overall role relationships between semantic representations. For the determination of the evaluation polarity, in a corpus composed of 2500 customer reviews, the correct answer rate reached 75.0%.
Merchant Steering of Consumer Payment Choice: Lessons Learned From Consumer Surveys

Recent policy changes allow merchants to influence consumers’ choice of payment instruments by offering price discounts and other incentives. This report describes lessons learned from using consumer survey responses to assess whether merchants tried to influence buyers’ choice of payment method. To measure the effects of these recent policy changes, we included questions about merchant steering in pilot versions of a new diary survey of U.S. consumers. Our findings are inconclusive because some respondents interpreted the questions differently from the way we intended. This report aims to explain why the diary survey failed to deliver the desired results, and to suggest better ways to use surveys to evaluate the effects of policy changes in the future.
Absent portal vein bifurcation: a rare variant and its clinical significance

Portal vein branching anomaly occurs due to aberration of normal anastomotic patterns and involution of vitelline veins during development of portal vein. Anatomical knowledge of portal vein and its branching pattern is important for hepatobiliary surgeon and gastrointestinal intervention radiologist. We are reporting a case of absence of portal vein bifurcation showing single main intrahepatic portal vein with gradual decreasing caliber distally, in a young female patient on contrast-enhanced computed tomography study of abdomen. Few cases of absence of portal bifurcation have been reported in literature so far.
Serial SimCoal: A population genetics model for data from multiple populations and points in time

UNLABELLED We present Serial SimCoal, a program that models population genetic data from multiple time points, as with ancient DNA data. An extension of SIMCOAL, it also allows simultaneous modeling of complex demographic histories, and migration between multiple populations. Further, we incorporate a statistical package to calculate relevant summary statistics, which, for the first time allows users to investigate the statistical power provided by, conduct hypothesis-testing with, and explore sample size limitations of ancient DNA data. AVAILABILITY Source code and Windows/Mac executables at http://www.stanford.edu/group/hadlylab/ssc.html CONTACT senka@stanford.edu.
Generic characterization of diagnosis and prognosis for complex heterogeneous systems

Maintenance efficiency of complex industrial systems is an important economical and business issue. Main difficulties come from the choice of maintenance actions. A wrong choice can lead to maintenance costs that are not acceptable. In this paper, we propose a generic health monitoring system that integrates some diagnostic and prognostic capabilities to determine the current and future state of a large and complex system such as an aircraft. The diagnostic function aims at identifying faulty components that may cause global system failures. The prognostic function estimates the remaining time until the next global system failure. A formal and generic modeling framework for a complex system encapsulating the knowledge required to get the consistent coordination of the diagnostic and prognostic functions is presented. We propose in this framework to take into account component redundancies which is common in systems like aircrafts. Moreover, an original coupling of diagnosis and prognosis is established based on the characterization of the system operational modes and on a decentralized architecture of the monitoring system.
Cerebellar Dysfunction in a Patient with HIV

A 50-year-old AIDS patient with a CD4 T-cell count of 114/mm3 was admitted with cerebellar symptoms of left CN XI weakness, wide-based gait with left-sided dysmetria, abnormal heel-knee-shin test, and dysdiadochokinesia. MRI showed region of hyperintensity in the left inferior cerebellar hemisphere involving the cortex and underlying white matter. Serological tests for HSV1, HSV2, and syphilis were negative. Her CSF contained high protein content and a WBC of 71/mm3, predominantly lymphocytes. The CSF was also negative for cryptococcal antigen and VDRL. CSF culture did not grow microbes. CSF PCR assay was negative for HSV1 and HSV2 but was positive for JC virus (1,276 copies). The most likely diagnosis is granule cell neuronopathy (GCN), which can only be definitively confirmed with biopsy and immunohistochemistry.
Morphologies of Co-presence in Interior Public Space in Places of Performance The Royal Festival Hall and the Royal National Theatre of

When visiting places of performance to experience collectively a cultural event occurring in the theatre or auditorium, we also make use of foyers to see, meet and potentially informally interact with others. In large contemporary cultural buildings, main foyer spaces are freely accessible through the day, usually combining various facilities in open-plan arrangements. This paper attempts to analyse morphological characteristics of such public interiors and their relation to patterns of visitors’ space use and co-presence. The main foyer spaces of London’s Royal Festival Hall and Royal National Theatre are analysed comparatively. The study employs a new method, based on fields of visibility and access, at a fine-grain scale, enabling spatial descriptions of continuous ’free plan’ layouts. It also analyses quantitatively modes of interface, using visibility graphs constructed from visitors’ actual observed locations, proposing a user-centred methodological approach to the analysis of the character of public space. Spatial Integration is shown to correlate with visitors’ average degree of co-presence. The integration or segregation of entrances in the overall layout is found to impact on relative perceived levels of co-presence upon entry, creating a formal or informal first interface. The analysis provides evidence suggesting that spatial layout and distribution of facilities modulate patterns of use, co-awareness, co-presence and potential for interaction among visitors, generating different modes of socialisation and transmission of culture.
A discrete nonlinear filter for fast sampled problems based on vector quantization

The Chapman-Kolmogorov equation and Bayes' rule provide a conceptually simple solution to the discrete nonlinear filtering problem. Unfortunately these equations involve high order multiple integrals which are, in general, computationally intractable. Here we exploit recent results on an incremental form of the discrete nonlinear filter to develop a novel algorithm which is computationally straightforward at high sample rates.We illustrate performance by a two examples.
Identification of Yellow Pigmentation Genes in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis Using Br300 Microarray

The yellow color of inner leaves in Chinese cabbage depends on its lutein and carotene content. To identify responsible genes for yellow pigmentation in leaves, the transcriptome profiles of white (Kenshin) and yellow leaves (Wheessen) were examined using the Br300K oligomeric chip in Chinese cabbage. In yellow leaves, genes involved in carotene synthesis (BrPSY, BrPDS, BrCRTISO, and BrLCYE), lutein, and zeaxanthin synthesis (BrCYP97A3 and BrHYDB) were upregulated, while those associated with carotene degradation (BrNCED3, BrNCED4, and BrNCED6) were downregulated. These expression patterns might support that the content of both lutein and total carotenoid was much higher in the yellow leaves than that in the white leaves. These results indicate that the yellow leaves accumulate high levels of both lutein and β-carotene due to stimulation of synthesis and that the degradation rate is inhibited. A large number of responsible genes as novel genes were specifically expressed in yellow inner leaves, suggesting the possible involvement in pigment synthesis. Finally, we identified three transcription factors (BrA20/AN1-like, BrBIM1, and BrZFP8) that are specifically expressed and confirmed their relatedness in carotenoid synthesis from Arabidopsis plants.
Myxococcus xanthus induces actinorhodin overproduction and aerial mycelium formation by Streptomyces coelicolor

Interaction of the predatory myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus with the non‐motile, antibiotic producer Streptomyces coelicolor was examined using a variety of experimental approaches. Myxococcus xanthus cells prey on S. coelicolor, forming streams of ordered cells that lyse the S. coelicolor hyphae in the contact area between the two colonies. The interaction increases actinorhodin production by S. coelicolor up to 20‐fold and triggers aerial mycelium production. Other bacteria are also able to induce these processes in S. coelicolor though to a lesser extent. These studies offer new clues about the expression of genes that remain silent or are expressed at low level in axenic cultures and open the possibility of overproducing compounds of biotechnological interest by using potent inducers synthesized by other bacteria.
Developing an NLP and IR-based Algorithm for Analyzing Gene-disease Relationships

Summary Objectives: High-throughput techniques such as cDNA microarray, oligonucleotide arrays, and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) have been developed and used to automatically screen huge amounts of gene expression data. However, researchers usually spend lots of time and money on discovering gene-disease relationships by utilizing these techniques. We prototypically implemented an algorithm that can provide some kind of predicted results for biological researchers before they proceed with experiments, and it is very helpful for them to discover gene-disease relationships more efficiently. Methods: Due to the fast development of computer technology, many information retrieval techniques have been applied to analyze huge digital biomedical databases available worldwide. Therefore we highly expect that we can apply information retrieval (IR) technique to extract useful information for the relationship of specific diseases and genes from MEDLINE articles. Furthermore, we also applied natural language processing (NLP) methods to do the semantic analysis for the relevant articles to discover the relationships between genes and diseases. Results: We have extracted gene symbols from our literature collection according to disease MeSH classifications. We have also built an IR-based retrieval system, “Biomedical Literature Retrieval System (BLRS)“ and applied the N-gram model to extract the relationship features which can reveal the relationship between genes and diseases. Finally, a relationship network of a specific disease has been built to represent the gene-disease relationships. Conclusions: A relationship feature is a functional word that can reveal the relationship between one single gene and a disease. By incorporating many modern IR techniques, we found that BLRS is a very powerful information discovery tool for literature searching. A relationship network which contains the information on gene symbol, relationship feature, and disease MeSH term can provide an integrated view to discover gene-disease relationships.
Improved Approximations for Non-monotone Submodular Maximization with Knapsack Constraints

Submodular maximization generalizes many fundamental problems in discrete optimization, including Max-Cut in directed/undirected graphs, maximum coverage, maximum facility location and marketing over social networks. In this paper we consider the problem of maximizing any submodular function subject to d knapsack constraints, where d is a fixed constant. We establish a strong relation between the discrete problem and its continuous relaxation, obtained through extension by expectation of the submodular function. Formally, we show that, for any non-negative submodular function, an α-approximation algorithm for the continuous relaxation implies a randomized (α − ε)approximation algorithm for the discrete problem. We use this relation to improve the best known approximation ratio for the problem to 1/4− ε, for any ε > 0. We further show that the probabilistic domain defined by a continuous solution can be reduced to yield a polynomial size domain, given an oracle for the extension by expectation. This leads to a deterministic version of our technique. Our approach has a potential of wider applicability, which we demonstrate on the examples of the Generalized Assignment Problem and Maximum Coverage Problems with additional knapsack constraints. ∗Computer Science Department, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel. E-mail: ariel.kulik@gmail.com †Computer Science Department, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel. E-mail: hadas@cs.technion. ac.il. Work partially supported by the Technion V.P.R. Fund, by Smoler Research Fund, and by the Ministry of Trade and Industry MAGNET program through the NEGEV Consortium (www.negev-initiative.org).