Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversal of morphine-induced apnea in the anesthetized rat by drugs that activate 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) receptors.

The purpose of our study was to test the hypothesis that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(1A) receptor agonists counteract morphine-induced respiratory depression. Studies were conducted in anesthetized rats, and respiratory activity was monitored with diaphragm electromyography. Morphine was administered i.v. in doses that produce apnea. Once apnea was established, i.v. administration of the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist drug 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) at 10 or 100 microgram/kg restored normal breathing in each animal (n = 24). This antagonistic effect of 8-OH-DPAT on morphine-induced respiratory depression was observed in both spontaneously breathing and artificially ventilated animals. Results obtained with 8-OH-DPAT were mimicked by buspirone (50 microgram/kg i.v.), another 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist drug. Pretreatment with 4-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-1-[2'[N-(2'-pyridinyl]-p-iodo-benzamido]ethyl]pi perazine, an antagonist of 5-HT(1A) receptors, prevented 8-OH-DPAT from counteracting morphine-induced apnea. These results indicate that activation of central nervous system 5-HT(1A) receptors is an effective way of reversing morphine-induced respiratory depression. Most important, this is the third model of disturbed respiratory function in which drugs that stimulate 5-HT(1A) receptors have been shown to restore breathing to near-normal levels.
Graphic Constellations and DBN Based Automatic Modulation Classification

In this paper, we propose a low-complexity graphic constellation projection (GCP) algorithm for automatic modulation classification (AMC), where the recovered symbols are projected into artificial graphic constellations. Unlike the existing feature- based (FB) algorithms, we convert the AMC problem into an image recognition problem. Subsequently, the deep belief network (DBN) is adopted to learn the underlying features in these constellations and recognize their corresponding modulation schemes. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed GCP-DBN based AMC system achieves better performance than other schemes. Specifically, the classification accuracy is beyond 95% at 0 dB, which is very close to the average likelihood ratio test upper bound (ALRT-Upper Bound).
“Would You Do That in Your Home?” Making Nursing Homes Home-like in Culture Change Implementation

Qualitative interviews with nursing home administrators reveal innovative and cost-conscious ways to physically modify facilities that help institute culture change practices. Telephone interviews were conducted following a national survey of nursing home nursing directors and administrators. In this cross-sectional snapshot of administrator experiences, motivations for making facilities more home-like and less institutional and creative responses to challenges are described. State and corporate support and regulator encouragement are noted that help their reform efforts. Administrators note that small steps to create a more home-like environment can result in a positive impact that minimizes disruption to existing care processes. They describe how they respond to challenges, such as the physical plant and high costs, and note how comparative shopping, cost-conscious physical improvements, and continuous involvement of staff and residents contribute to successful efforts. Their examples illustrate novel ways to humanize long-term care facilities that other nursing homes can emulate.
Changes in the Diagnosis of Stroke and Cardiovascular Conditions in Primary Care During the First 2 COVID-19 Waves in the Netherlands

Background and Objectives Although there is evidence of disruption in acute cerebrovascular and cardiovascular care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, its downstream effect in primary care is less clear. We investigated how the pandemic affected utilization of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular care in general practices (GPs) and determined changes in GP-recorded diagnoses of selected cerebrovascular and cardiovascular outcomes. Methods From electronic health records of 166,929 primary care patients aged 30 or over within the Rotterdam region, the Netherlands, we extracted the number of consultations related to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular care, and first diagnoses of selected cerebrovascular and cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, lipid disorders), conditions, and events (angina, atrial fibrillation, TIA, myocardial infarction, stroke). We quantified changes in those outcomes during the first COVID-19 wave (March–May 2020) and thereafter (June–December 2020) by comparing them to the same period in 2016–2019. We also estimated the number of potentially missed diagnoses for each outcome. Results The number of GP consultations related to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular care declined by 38% (0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.56–0.68) during the first wave, as compared to expected counts based on prepandemic levels. Substantial declines in the number of new diagnoses were observed for cerebrovascular events: 37% for TIA (0.63, 0.41–0.96) and 29% for stroke (0.71, 0.59–0.84), while no significant changes were observed for cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction [0.91, 0.74–1.14], angina [0.77, 0.48–1.25]). The counts across individual diagnoses recovered following June 2020, but the number of GP consultations related to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular care remained lower than expected throughout the June to December period (0.93, 0.88–0.98). Discussion While new diagnoses of acute cardiovascular events remained stable during the COVID-19 pandemic, diagnoses of cerebrovascular events declined substantially compared to prepandemic levels, possibly due to incorrect perception of risk by patients. These findings emphasize the need to improve symptom recognition of cerebrovascular events among the general public and to encourage urgent presentation despite any physical distancing measures.
Boxing Humanoid Robot

In 2008, Nao robots played soccer for the first time in Robocup in Suzhou, China. This robots are developed to play soccer and for entertainment (e.g. dancing, interacting with children). This report presents that using different motion planning methods (e.g. inverse kinematics, RRTs, potential fields), allows this robot to do more complicated tasks like boxing. The main challenge is to deal with the constraints of the robot’s hardware to accomplish fighting tasks such as punching as faster the robot can to his opponent.
Characterization of a structurally tricistronic gene of human cytomegalovirus composed of U(s)18, U(s)19, and U(s)20

A tricistronic gene mapped between 0.91 and 0.93 map units within the EcoRI D fragment of the human cytomegalovirus unique short region (U(s)) has been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in vitro. Cloned cDNAs of 2.3, 1.8, and 1.1 kb derived from this region were isolated from a lambda gt11 cDNA library made from virus-infected fibroblasts and used for this study. Two major classes of 3'-coterminal mRNAs, 2.8 and 1.1 kb, were transcribed from this region. Sequence analysis of the cDNAs and the upstream genomic DNA revealed three open reading frames (ORFs), U(s)18, U(s)19, and U(s)20, and a common polyadenylation signal located 15 bases upstream of the poly(A) tail of both the 2.85- and 1.1-kb mRNAs. Protein structure analyses predicted the existence of multiple hydrophobic moieties, suggesting that the U(s)18, U(s)19, and U(s)20 polypeptides were transmembrane proteins. The major transcription initiation site, determined by primer extension and S1 nuclease mapping, for the 2.85-kb transcript was located right at the first initiation codon of the U(s)20 ORF. There was no typical TATA box or CAAT box upstream of the 2.85-kb mRNA cap site except for a TATAAGA sequence that was found about 210 bp downstream from the major cap site. The 1.1-kb transcript was initiated 33 bp upstream of the U(s)18 translation initiation site, and an atypical TATA box sequence (GATAAGA) was found 22 bp upstream of the transcription start site. Differences in transcription kinetics and sensitivities to metabolic inhibitors suggest that they were regulated by different mechanisms; the 2.85-kb mRNA belongs to the early (beta) class of transcripts, while the 1.1-kb mRNA is a late (gamma) message. Subgenomic DNA segments derived from the U(s)18, U(s)19, and U(s)20 ORFs were subcloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins with glutathione-s-transferase. Western immunoblot analysis with antibodies against the U(s)18, U(s)19, and U(s)20 fusion proteins detected virus-specific polypeptides with molecular sizes of 36, 32, and 43 kDa, respectively. All three antibodies also exhibited a positive immunofluorescence reaction with human cytomegalovirus-infected cells harvested at late stages of infection.
Action Potential Generation in an Anatomically Constrained Model of Medial Superior Olive Axons

Neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) encode interaural time differences (ITDs) with sustained firing rates of >100 Hz. They are able to generate such high firing rates for several hundred milliseconds despite their extremely low-input resistances of only few megaohms and high synaptic conductances in vivo. The biophysical mechanisms by which these leaky neurons maintain their excitability are not understood. Since action potentials (APs) are usually assumed to be generated in the axon initial segment (AIS), we analyzed anatomical data of proximal MSO axons in Mongolian gerbils and found that the axon diameter is <1 μm and the internode length is ∼100 μm. Using a morphologically constrained computational model of the MSO axon, we show that these thin axons facilitate the excitability of the AIS. However, for ongoing high rates of synaptic inputs the model generates a substantial fraction of APs in its nodes of Ranvier. These distally initiated APs are mediated by a spatial gradient of sodium channel inactivation and a strong somatic current sink. The model also predicts that distal AP initiation increases the dynamic range of the rate code for ITDs.
Development of advanced AlGaN/GaN HEMTs large signal model

This paper presents the overview of reprehensive works on the large signal modeling (LSM) of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs very recently. First, the Angelov model, the classic empirical model of GaN HEMT, is improved with ambient-temperature dependent parasitic resistance model and scalable electrothermal model. This advanced Angelov model shows good results in predicting both of fundamental and harmonics at different ambient temperatures. Then, the emerging physical based modeling methods are studied. A scalable surface potential LSM which can also capable to predict harmonics is proposed for the first time. This model shows that the physical based model is ready for practical circuit design. Finally, to further reduce the empirical fitting parameters, a Quasi-Physical LSM model based on Zone Division method (QPZD model) is proposed. The QPZD model is validated by large signal performance up to 30GHz for different size devices.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L.

Abstract Background: Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. Researchers have reported that hot water extracts of Plantago major possess a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. Their beneficial properties may be due to the significant content of polysaccharides. The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures – pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. Aim: The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. Materials and methods: The hydrolysis reactions were performed with the enzymes hemicellulase and mannanase. Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay was used to examine the hydrolysis yield. The monosaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions were determined using HPLC analysis. Results: The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase. The hydrolysis yield increased with the augmentation of the ratio of enzyme to polysaccharide. Galactose was the prevalent monosaccharide identified in the composition of the isolated polysaccharides. Oligosaccharides with different degree of polymerization were also detected. Conclusion: The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry.
Effective-mass Hamiltonian and boundary conditions for the valence bands of semiconductor microstructures.

Using the recently developed exact envelope-function theory, an explicit form for the effective-mass Hamiltonian is derived for the valence bands (including the spin-orbit split-off band) of a semiconductor quantum well or superlattice. It is shown that the correct form of the Hamiltonian gives physically reasonable results, while the commonly used ``symmetrized'' form can produce nonphysical solutions for the heavy-hole subbands in which the quantum-well effective mass is very sensitive to the difference in Luttinger parameters between the well and the barrier. This problem arises because the correct boundary conditions for the heavy-hole states are determined exclusively through interaction with other p states, while the symmetrized boundary conditions implicitly incorporate the much larger s-state interaction, hence they substantially overestimate the magnitude of the interband coupling.
Outlier detection in medical data using linguistic summaries

The main purpose of outlier detection algorithms is to find a new feature that is distinct from the other features of the vector in the analyzed data set. This paper concerns outlier detection in medical databases, and the supervised and unsupervised methods used in detection of outliers in medical data are discussed. Moreover, the author's original method for detecting outliers based on linguistic summaries is presented.
Non-Cell Autonomous Expression of TNF-α-Converting Enzyme ADAM17 Is Required for Normal Lymphocyte Development1

TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE; ADAM17), a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family of metalloproteases, has been shown to cleave a wide variety of cell surface proteins of immunological importance. Due to the broad expression of TACE and the early postnatal lethality of TACE-deficient mice, it has been difficult to assess the role of TACE in lymphocyte development. Indeed, it is not known whether hemopoietic and/or nonhemopoietic expression of TACE is required for normal lymphocyte development. In the current study, we analyzed the lymphoid system of taceΔZn/ΔZn mice and taceΔZn/ΔZn bone marrow RAG1−/− recipients. Our results clearly show that nonlymphocyte expression of TACE is required for normal lymphocyte development and lymphoid organ structure. Lack of TACE function resulted in a partial block in T cell development at the double-negative 4:double-positive transition in the thymus, a loss of B cell development/maturation in the spleen, and a lack of B cell follicle and germinal center formation in the spleen. Thus, TACE serves as a lymphocyte extrinsic factor that is essential for normal T development and peripheral B cell maturation.
Exposure to acute electromagnetic radiation of mobile phone exposure range alters transiently skin homeostasis of a model of pigmented reconstructed epidermis

Exposure to electromagnetic radiations (EMR) produced by mobile phone concerns half the world's population and raises the problem of their impact on human health. In this study, we looked at the effects of mobile phone exposure (GSM basic, 900 MHz, SAR 2 mW g−1, 6 h) on a model of pigmented skin. We have analysed the expression and localization of various markers of keratinocyte and melanocyte differentiation 2, 6, 18 and 24 h after EMR exposure of reconstructed epidermis containing either only keratinocytes or a combination of keratinocytes and melanocytes grown on dead de‐epidermized dermis, using histology, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. No changes were found in epidermal architecture, localization of epidermal markers, presence of apoptotic cells and the induction of p53 in both types of epidermis (with or without melanocytes) after exposure to EMR. In pigmented reconstructs, no change in the location and dendricity of melanocytes and in melanin transfer to neighbouring keratinocytes was detected after EMR exposure. Loricrin, cytokeratin 14 were significantly decreased at 6 h. The level of all markers increased at 24 h as compared to 6 h post‐EMR exposure, associated with a significant decrease of the 20S proteasome activity. Our data indicate that exposure to 900 MHz frequency induces a transient alteration of epidermal homoeostasis, which may alter the protective capacity of the skin against external factors. Presence or absence of melanocytes did not modify the behaviour of reconstructs after EMR exposure.
Intra-hepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Review

Intra-hepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is a cholestatic disorder characterized by i) pruritus, with onset in the third trimester of pregnancy, without any primary skin lesions, ii) elevated fasting serum bile acids > 10 μmol/L (and elevated serum transaminases), iii) spontaneous relief of signs and symptoms within two to three weeks after delivery, and iv) absence of other disease that cause pruritus and jaundice. It is believed to be a multi-factorial disease with interplay between genetic, environmental and hormonal factors. Incidence is between 0.02% to 2.4% of all pregnancies; with wide geographical variations. Maternal prognosis is usually good but can result in adverse fetal outcomes like meconium staining of amniotic fluid, fetal bradycardia and even fetal loss. Response to anti-histaminic is poor. Of all the medical therapies that have been described for the treatment for IHCP, ursodeoxycholic acid has the best response in relieving pruritus in mother, and probably has a role in preventing even the perinatal complications. Timely diagnosis and treatment is urged in order to prevent fetal complications and an early delivery between 37 to 38 weeks should be contemplated in severe cases, especially once fetal lung maturity is attained.
Equilibrium free energy differences from nonequilibrium computer simulations: Improving convergence by reducing dissipation

Title of dissertation: Equilibrium free energies from nonequilibrium simulations: Improving convergence by reducing dissipation Suriyanarayanan Vaikuntanathan, Doctor of Philosophy, 2011 Dissertation directed by: Professor Christopher Jarzynski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Institute for Physical Science and Technology The estimation of equilibrium free energy differences is an important problem in computational thermodynamics, with applications to studies of ligand binding, phase coexistence and phase equilibrium, solvation of small molecules, and computational drug design, among others. Recent advances in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, in particular the discovery of exact nonequilibrium work fluctuation relations, have made it possible to estimate equilibrium free energy differences from simulations of nonequilibrium processes in which a system of interest is driven irreversibly between two equilibrium states. Estimates of ∆F obtained from processes in which the system is driven far from equilibrium often suffer from poor convergence as a consequence of the dissipation that typically accompanies such processes. This thesis is concerned with this problem of poor convergence, and studies methods to improve the efficiency of such estimators. A central theoretical result that guides the development of these methods is a quantitative connection between dissipation and the extent to which the system “lags” behind the actual equilibrium state, at any point in time of the nonequilibrium process. The first strategy involves generating “escorted” trajectories in the nonequilibrium simulation by introducing artificial terms that directly couple the evolution of the system to changes in the external parameter. Estimators for ∆F in terms of these artificial trajectories are developed and it is shown that whenever the artificial dynamics manage to reduce the lag, the convergence of the free energy estimate is improved. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method on a few model systems. In particular, we demonstrate how this method can be used to obtain efficient estimates of solvation free energies of model hard sphere solutes in water and other solvents. In the second strategy,“protocol postprocessing”, the trajectories normally generated in the course of a nonequilibrium simulation are used to construct estimators of ∆F that converge faster than the usual estimators. Again, the connection between dissipation and lag guides the development of this method. The effectiveness of this strategy is also demonstrated on a few model systems. Equilibrium free energy differences from nonequilibrium computer simulations: Improving convergence by reducing dissipation
The corpus luteum of the sheep: effect of uterine removal during luteal regression.

Summary. The degree to which the corpus luteum is influenced by the uterus during the period of luteal regression has been investigated in two series of experiments. Ovarian vein blood was collected for progesterone analysis and the uterus was removed from forty normal sheep (Experiment 1) and eleven superovulated animals (Experiment 2) on the 15th day after oestrus. In addition, one ovary was removed from each sheep in Exp. 2 and the corpora lutea were studied histologically. At autopsy, on either Day 18, 25, 50 or 100, further samples of ovarian venous blood and luteal tissue were obtained from those animals whose corpora lutea had been maintained. Luteal involution was arrested by hysterectomy on Day 15 even when the concentration of progesterone in the ovarian venous blood had declined to values as low as 40 \g=m\g/100 ml plasma and karyorrhexis had become widespread. It is suggested that the uterus is essential both for the initiation and for the continuation of the degenerative processes that occur during regression of the corpus luteum.
Navigating the mutual knowledge problem: a comparative case study of distributed work

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how workers successfully address constraints posed by distributed work – specifically, the lack of cognitive common ground or “mutual knowledge” – through emergent practices. Design/methodology/approach – The authors draw on archival and interview data collected over a ten-month period, from two matched product development teams, one working side-by-side in the USA and the other distributed between the USA and India. Findings – The paper illustrates how distributed team members compensate for the difficulties presented by the lack of mutual knowledge by modifying their use of knowledge management systems and communication technologies to coordinate work, and using temporal and task-based differences to facilitate problem solving. Research limitations/implications – This study answers calls to examine how distributed teams actually work. By emphasizing the creation of new practices over knowledge transfer and employees’ perspectives over managers, the paper ad.