Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications Solution Structure of the Cold-shock-like Protein from Rickettsia Rickettsii

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii infection. R. rickettsii can be transmitted to mammals, including humans, through the bite of an infected hard-bodied tick of the family Ixodidae. Since the R. rickettsii genome contains only one cold-shock-like protein and given the essential nature of cold-shock proteins in other bacteria, the structure of the cold-shock-like protein from R. rickettsii was investigated. With the exception of a short-helix found between-strands 3 and 4, the solution structure of the R. rickettsii cold-shock-like protein has the typical Greek-key five-stranded-barrel structure found in most cold-shock domains. Additionally, the R. rickettsii cold-shock-like protein, with a ÁG of unfolding of 18.4 kJ mol À1 , has a similar stability when compared with other bacterial cold-shock proteins.
An Approach to Represent Time Series Forecasting via Fuzzy Numbers

This paper introduces a new approach for estimating the uncertainty in the forecast through the construction of Triangular Fuzzy Numbers (TFNs). The interval of the proposed TFN presentation is generated from a Fuzzy logic based Lower and Upper Bound Estimator (FLUBE). Here, instead of the representing the forecast with a crisp value with a Prediction Interval (PI), the level of uncertainty associated with the point forecasts will be quantified by defining TFNs (linguistic terms) within the uncertainty interval provided by the FLUBE. This will give the opportunity to handle the forecast as linguistic terms which will increase the interpretability. Moreover, the proposed approach will provide valuable information about the accuracy of the forecast by providing a relative membership degree. The demonstrated results indicate that the proposed FLUBE based TFN representation is an efficient and useful approach to represent the uncertainty and the quality of the forecast.
Photometry of SN 2002ic and Implications for the Progenitor Mass-Loss History

We present new premaximum and late-time optical photometry of the Type Ia/IIn supernova 2002ic. These observations are combined with the published V-band magnitudes of Hamuy and coauthors and the VLT spectrophotometry of Wang and coauthors to construct the most extensive light curve to date of this unusual supernova. The observed flux at late time is significantly higher relative to the flux at maximum than that of any other observed Type Ia supernova and continues to fade very slowly a year after the explosion. Our analysis of the light curve suggests that a non-Type Ia supernova component becomes prominent ~20 days after explosion. Modeling of the non-Type Ia supernova component as heating from the shock interaction of the supernova ejecta with preexisting circumstellar material suggests the presence of a ~1.7 × 1015 cm gap or trough between the progenitor system and the surrounding circumstellar material. This gap could be due to significantly lower mass loss ~15(vw/10 km s-1)-1 yr prior to explosion or evacuation of the circumstellar material by a low-density fast wind. The latter is consistent with observed properties of protoplanetary nebulae and with models of white dwarf + asymptotic giant branch star progenitor systems with the asymptotic giant branch star in the protoplanetary nebula phase.
Imaging DivIVA dynamics using photo-convertible and activatable fluorophores in Bacillus subtilis

Most rod-shape model organisms such as Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis utilize two inhibitory systems for correct positioning of the cell division apparatus. While the nucleoid occlusion system acts in vicinity of the nucleoid, the Min system was thought to protect the cell poles from futile division leading to DNA-free miniature cells. The Min system is composed of an inhibitory protein, MinC, which acts at the level of the FtsZ ring formation. MinC is recruited to the membrane by MinD, a member of the MinD/ParA family of Walker-ATPases. Topological positioning of the MinCD complex depends on MinE in E. coli and MinJ/DivIVA in B. subtilis. While MinE drives an oscillation of MinCD in the E. coli cell with a time-dependent minimal concentration at midcell, the B. subtilis system was thought to be stably tethered to the cell poles by MinJ/DivIVA. Recent developments revealed that the Min system in B. subtilis mainly acts at the site of division, where it seems to prevent reinitiation of the division machinery. Thus, MinCD describe a dynamic behavior in B. subtilis. This is somewhat inconsistent with a stable localization of DivIVA at the cell poles. High resolution imaging of ongoing divisions show that DivIVA also enriches at the site of division. Here we analyze whether polar localized DivIVA is partially mobile and can contribute to septal DivIVA and vice versa. For this purpose we use fusions with green to red photoconvertible fluorophores, Dendra2 and photoactivatable PA-GFP. These techniques have proven very powerful to discriminate protein relocalization in vivo. Our results show that B. subtilis DivIVA is indeed dynamic and moves from the poles to the new septum.
Relationship between Paternalistic Leadership and Organizational Learning

In order to understand the relationship between paternalistic leadership and organizational learning,seven hundred and eleven questionnaires from Chinese enterprises were collected by surveying.The results of HRA(hierarchical regression analysis) shows that benevolence leadership is significantly positively related to the six dimensions of organizational learning;Except for exploring learning,moral leadership is significantly positively related to the other five dimensions of organizational learning;Authoritarianism leadership has positive effect on collective learning,organizational level learning,inter-organizational learning,and exploitative learning.And the results also reveals that there is significant interaction between benevolence leadership and authoritarianism leadership both on exploitation learning and exploration learning;and there is significant interaction effect between moral leadership and authoritarianism leadership on exploitation learning.
Radon transform based automatic metal artefacts generation for 3D threat image projection

Threat Image Projection (TIP) plays an important role in aviation security. In order to evaluate human security screeners in determining threats, TIP systems project images of realistic threat items into the images of the passenger baggage being scanned. In this proof of concept paper, we propose a 3D TIP method which can be integrated within new 3D Computed Tomography (CT) screening systems. In order to make the threat items appear as if they were genuinely located in the scanned bag, appropriate CT metal artefacts are generated in the resulting TIP images according to the scan orientation, the passenger bag content and the material of the inserted threat items. This process is performed in the projection domain using a novel methodology based on the Radon Transform. The obtained results using challenging 3D CT baggage images are very promising in terms of plausibility and realism.
Mean Posterior Corneal Power and Astigmatism in Normal Versus Keratoconic Eyes

Purpose: To compare mean posterior corneal power and astigmatism in normal versus keratoconus affected eyes and determine the optimal cut-off points to maximize sensitivity and specificity in discriminating keratoconus from normal corneas. Methods: A total of 204 normal eyes and 142 keratoconus affected eyes were enrolled in this prospective comparative study. Mean posterior corneal power and astigmatism were measured using a dual Scheimpflug camera. Correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relationship between the magnitudes of keratometric and posterior corneal astigmatism in the study groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the measured parameters and to identify the optimal cut-off points for discriminating keratoconus from normal corneas. Results: The mean posterior corneal power was −6.29 ± 0.20 D in the normal group and −7.77 ± 0.87 D in the keratoconus group (P < 0.001). The mean magnitudes of the posterior corneal astigmatisms were −0.32 ± 0.15 D and −0.94 ± 0.39 D in the normal and keratoconus groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Significant correlations were found between the magnitudes of keratometric and posterior corneal astigmatism in the normal (r=−0.76, P < 0.001) and keratoconus (r=−0.72, P < 0.001) groups. The mean posterior corneal power and astigmatism were highly reliable characteristics that distinguished keratoconus from normal corneas (area under the curve, 0.99 and 0.95, respectively). The optimal cut-off points of mean posterior corneal power and astigmatism were −6.70 D and −0.54 D, respectively. Conclusion: Mean posterior corneal power and astigmatism measured using a Galilei analyzer camera might have potential in diagnosing keratoconus. The cut-off points provided can be used for keratoconus screening.
Control of a Nonholonomic Mobile Robot Via Sensor-based Target Tracking and Pose Estimation

The paper addresses the problem of controlling the posture of a nonholonomic mobile robot via sensor-based target tracking. The control technique here considered is adapted from the transverse function approach with sensory signals used to calculate an estimate of the relative pose of the robot with respect to the target. An analysis of stability and robustness w.r. t. pose estimation errors is presented and the overall control performance is tested via simulation and experimentation on a unicycle-type mobile robot equipped with a camera
Distinct Midbrain and Habenula Pathways Are Involved in Processing Aversive Events in Humans

Emerging evidence implicates the midbrain dopamine system and its interactions with the lateral habenula in processing aversive information and learning to avoid negative outcomes. We examined neural responses to unexpected, aversive events using methods specialized for imaging the midbrain and habenula in humans. Robust activation to aversive relative to neutral events was observed in the habenula and two regions within the ventral midbrain: one located within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the other in the substantia nigra (SN). Aversive processing increased functional connectivity between the VTA and the habenula, putamen, and medial prefrontal cortex, whereas the SN exhibited a different pattern of functional connectivity. Our findings provide evidence for a network comprising the VTA and SN, the habenula, and mesocorticolimbic structures that supports processing aversive events in humans.
Sustainable supply chain network design: a multicriteria perspective

In this paper, we develop a rigorous modelling and analytical framework for the design of sustainable supply chain networks. We consider a firm that is engaged in determining the capacities of its various supply chain activities, i.e. the manufacturing, storage and distribution of the product to the demand locations. The firm is faced with both capital costs associated with constructing the link capacities and the links' operational costs. Moreover, the firm is aware of the emissions generated associated with the alternative manufacturing plants, storage facilities and modes of transportation/shipment, which may have different levels of emissions due, for example, to distinct technologies of, respectively, production, storage and transportation. The firm is assumed to be a multicriteria decision-maker who seeks to not only minimise the total costs associated with design/construction and operation, but also to minimise the emissions generated, with an appropriate weight, which reflects the price of the emissions, associated with the various supply chain network activities. We provide both the network optimisation modelling framework and an algorithm, which is then applied to compute solutions to a spectrum of numerical sustainable supply chain design examples in order to illustrate our approach.
Ionic polarisation layers in polymer electrolytes

When high electrical fields are applied, and especially above the glass transition temperature, ion transport through the epoxy molding compounds that encapsulate the integrated circuit (die) strongly increases, leading to the accumulation of charge at the passivation-epoxy interface, and possibly to leakage currents because of the formation of parasitic transistors. Recovery from this failure mechanism is possible after annealing the package in the absence of the applied voltage, at sufficiently high temperature. The high electrical fields originate either from within the package due to high-voltage bondpads,1 or are due to an external high-voltage source. We have developed a numerical transport model that is able to describe ion transport through IC packages including the formation of 'ionic diffuse layers', or 'polarisation layers,' at the passivation-epoxy interface.3 In these layers the ion concentration strongly increases, leading to a modification of the electrostatic boundary conditions (Gauss' law), as well as to a voltage step over the passivation-epoxy interface. The exact distribution of the ions in this diffuse layer is a very important quantity as it strongly influences the voltage profiles in the bulk of the material via the boundary conditions, and therefore the ion transport rates. We will briefly outline how the relation between charge and voltage (integral capacitance) can be obtained experimentally from the dielectric response when a DC voltage is applied across a thin polymer sample. The data that are obtained can be used to derive realistic microscopic models for the ion distribution in the diffuse layer formed within an epoxy resin next to electrodes and passivation layers.
Nerdy Money: Bitcoin, the Private Digital Currency, and the Case Against Its Regulation

This Comment explores the lawfulness of using bitcoin, a privately-issued currency transacted on a peer-to-peer network, and the ability of the federal government to bar transactions between two willing parties. While there are no cases yet challenging the ability of parties in the United States to make transactions using bitcoins, there are policymakers who have denounced the use of bitcoin. This has led to the question of whether the federal government has the ability under current federal law to prohibit the use of bitcoins between willing parties. This Comment will show that the federal government has no basis to stop bitcoin users who engage in traditional consumer purchases and transfers. This Comment further argues that the federal government should refrain from passing any laws or regulations limiting the use of bitcoins. Should any claim arise, this Comment argues that there is a perfectly acceptable model with which to analogize bitcoin use: community currencies.
A general result for deriving product-form solutions in markovian models

In this paper we provide a general method to derive product-form solutions for stochastic models. We take inspiration from the Reversed Compound Agent Theorem and we provide a different formulation using labeled automata, a generalization which encompasses a bigger class of product-form solutions, and a new proof based on the solution of the system of global balance equations. We show that our result may have practical applications in the performance evaluation of complex software and hardware architectures and can be the base for the development of new analysis tools or the extension of existing ones.
Human Capital and Education: The State of the Art in the Economics of Education

This review describes the research frontier on human capital and education in economics research. It delineates what is known and largely agreed, and what are the most promising lines for future research. The approach will be to explain clearly and precisely the research evidence, in a way that makes this accessible to a wide audience. The survey has two particular aims. First, it draws out the implications for key education policy issues, highlighting which policy ideas can be supported by the economics research. To do this, my focus is on research that identifies causal effects. Second, it tries to identify some of the big open research questions and policy knowledge gaps in this field.
Cause I'll Feel Good! An Investigation into the Effects of Anticipated Emotions and Personal Moral Norms on Consumer Pro-Environmental Behavior

ABSTRACT Anticipated emotions and moral norms have previously been found to influence consumer adoption of pro-environmental products in different ways. However norms and emotions have seldom been combined in order to understand their relations in motivating consumers to adopt sustainable products. Despite the environmental benefits of sustainable products, consumer adoption is slow to take off. Utilizing data from an online survey (N = 576), this study finds that anticipated emotions directly influence consumer adoption and the effect of moral norms is mediated by the anticipated emotions. This study extends the norm activation model and implies communicating positive emotions for promoting sustainable products.
Web service interfaces

We present a language for specifying web service interfaces. A web service interface puts three kinds of constraints on the users of the service. First, the interface specifies the methods that can be called by a client, together with types of input and output parameters; these are called signature constraints. Second, the interface may specify propositional constraints on method calls and output values that may occur in a web service conversation; these are called consistency constraints. Third, the interface may specify temporal constraints on the ordering of method calls; these are called protocol constraints. The interfaces can be used to check, first, if two or more web services are compatible, and second, if a web service A can be safely substituted for a web service B. The algorithm for compatibility checking verifies that two or more interfaces fulfill each others' constraints. The algorithm for substitutivity checking verifies that service A demands fewer and fulfills more constraints than service B.
High-performance K-means Implementation based on a Coarse-grained Map-Reduce Architecture

The k-means algorithm is one of the most common clustering algorithms and widely used in data mining and pattern recognition. The increasing computational requirement of big data applications makes hardware acceleration for the kmeans algorithm necessary. In this paper, a coarse-grained Map-Reduce architecture is proposed to implement the kmeans algorithm on an FPGA. Algorithmic segmentation, data path elaboration and automatic control are applied to optimize the architecture for high performance. In addition, high level synthesis technique is utilized to reduce development cycles and complexity. For a single iteration in the k-means algorithm, a throughput of 28.74 Gbps is achieved. The performance shows at least 3.93x speedup compared with four representative existing FPGA-based implementations and can satisfy the demand of big data applications.
Patch Dynamics and Islands of Fertility in a High Mountain Mediterranean Community

Abstract Vegetation in high Mediterranean mountains usually consists of patchy communities. Patch structures have been interpreted as a result of the prevalence of facilitation phenomena in highly stressful environments. Several mechanisms have been proposed in order to explain the factors that control the existence of these clumped structures. However, they have not been evaluated in these mountains. Our hypothesis is that patchy structure in high mountain Mediterranean vegetation is a consequence of facilitative and competitive interactions in a very harsh environment which ultimately involve strong localized effects on soil properties. Our results show that levels of soil nutrients were higher under vegetation patches than in bare ground areas, confirming the hypothesis of an amelioration of soil resources under canopies. Pairwise associations and repulsions suggest the existence of two contrasting composition stages. Contrasting models relating patch species composition (cover and biomass) and soil resources indicated a weak relationship between species features and soil nutrient levels. Finally, structural modeling showed that patch size has a relevant but indirect effect on soil resource levels through grass and total biomass. We conclude that patch structure and dynamics in high Mediterranean mountain communities may be partly controlled by an endogenous process involving facilitation and competition for soil key resources. These interactions may operate through some community traits related to patch size but not to composition.
Issues in the Use of Psychological Tests in Applied Settings

This study examined the effects that varying subjects’ response sets on the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style (TAIS) had on predictive validity. Fifteen elite divers took the TAIS under two response conditions. Initially they answered the items without a specific set or comparison group in mind. The second time they were instructed to compare themselves with other elite divers. It was hypothesized that by telling divers who to compare themselves to and by providing them with a situation-specific response set, this would increase the correlations between performance and TAIS scores. The implications and consequences of response set manipulations are discussed.