Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mining English-Chinese Named Entity Pairs from Comparable Corpora

Bilingual Named Entity (NE) pairs are valuable resources for many NLP applications. Since comparable corpora are more accessible, abundant and up-to-date, recent researches have concentrated on mining bilingual lexicons using comparable corpora. Leveraging comparable corpora, this research presents a novel approach to mining English-Chinese NE translations by combining multi-dimension features from various information sources for every possible NE pair, which include the transliteration model, English-Chinese matching, Chinese-English matching, translation model, length, and context vector. These features are integrated into one model with linear combination and minimum sample risk (MSR) algorithm. As for the high type-dependence of NE translation, we integrate different features according to different NE types. We experiment with the above individual feature or integrated features to mine person NE (PN) pairs, location NE (LN) pairs and organization NE (ON) pairs. When using transliteration and length to mine PN pairs, we achieve the best performance of 84.9% (F-score). The LN pairs can be mined with the features of transliteration model, length, translation model, English-Chinese matching and Chinese-English matching. And the best performance is 83.4% (F-score). The ON pairs can be mined with the features of English-Chinese matching and Chinese-English matching. It reaches the best performance with 84.1% (F-score).
Globe of Music - Music Library Visualization Using Geosom

Music collections are commonly represented as plain textual lists of artist, title, album etc. for each contained music track. The large volume of personal music libraries makes them difficult to browse and access for users. In respect to possible information visualization techniques, no established convenient user interfaces exist. By using a spherical self-organizing map algorithm on low level audio features and processing the resulting map data, a Geographic Information System is used to visualize a music collection. This results in an aspiring music library visualization, which can be handled intuitively by the user and even provides new possibilities for accessing a music collection in the digital domain.
The irresistible move towards interoperable database systems

The successful use of interoperable database technology in major applications has not been widespread to date. This situation is rapidly changing to one where applications commonly share data resources and isolated application/data pairs may soon be the exception. The move to these applications with interoperable database systems is irresistible for a variety of reasons: corporate data, which has been accumulated across global corporate operations on various incompatible systems, is now recognized as a strategic asset; there is a growing willingness by competing information system vendors to cooperate; the emergence of OSI as a useful tool may mean that communication aspects of computers can be viewed as a commodity; and dramatic changes in the world-wide telecommunications fabric will be seen in the 1990s. MCC has a project called Carnot that is doing the research necessary to develop tool that will allow development of open applications that can be tightly integrated with information stored on existing, closed systems. These tools will allow participants to achieve efficient implementations of architectures such as Bellcore's OSCA. The purpose of the Carnot system is to provide for the integration of a variety of resources within an enterprise and ultimately, across global enterprises. <<ETX>>
Scattering of massive Dirac fields on the Schwarzschild black hole spacetime

With a generally covariant equation of Dirac fields outside a black hole, we develop a scattering theory for massive Dirac fields. The existence of modified wave operators at infinity is shown by implementing a time-dependent logarithmic phase shift from the free dynamics to offset a long-range mass term. The phase shift we obtain is a matrix operator due to the existence of both positive and negative energy wave components.
Perceptually-based compensation of light pollution in display systems

This paper addresses the problem of unintended light contributions due to physical properties of display systems. An example of such unintended contribution is crosstalk in stereoscopic 3D display systems, often referred to as ghosting. Ghosting results in a reduction of visual quality, and may lead to an uncomfortable viewing experience. The latter is due to conflicting (depth) edge cues, which can hinder the human visual system (HVS) proper fusion of stereo images (stereopsis). We propose an automatic, perceptually-based computational compensation framework, which formulates pollution elimination as a minimization problem. Our method aims to distribute the error introduced by the pollution in a perceptually optimal manner. As a consequence ghost edges are smoothed locally, resulting in a more comfortable stereo viewing experience. We show how to make the computation tractable by exploiting the structure of the resulting problem, and also propose a perceptually-based pollution prediction. We show that our general framework is applicable to other light pollution problems, such as descattering.
Combining ILP with Semi-supervised Learning for Web Page Categorization

— This paper presents a semi-supervised learning algorithm called Iterative-Cross Training (ICT) to solve the Web pages classification problems. We apply Inductive logic programming (ILP) as a strong learner in ICT. The objective of this research is to evaluate the potential of the strong learner in order to boost the performance of the weak learner of ICT. We compare the result with the supervised Naive Bayes, which is the well-known algorithm for the text classification problem. The performance of our learning algorithm is also compare with other semi-supervised learning algorithms which are Co-Training and EM. The experimental results show that ICT algorithm outperforms those algorithms and the performance of the weak learner can be enhanced by ILP system.
Pruning reservoirs with Random Static Projections

Reservoir Computing is a relatively new field of Recurrent Neural Networks in which only the output weights are re-calculated by the training process, removing the problems associated with traditional gradient descent algorithms. As the reservoir is recurrent, it can possess short term memory, but there is a trade-off between the amount of memory a reservoir can have and its nonlinear mapping capabilities. A new, custom architecture was recently proposed to overcome this by combining a reservoir with an extreme learning machine to deliver improved results. This paper extends this architecture further by introducing a ranking and pruning algorithm which removes neurons according to their significance. This provides further insight into the type of reservoir characteristics needed for a given task, and is supported by further reservoir measures of non-linearity and memory. These techniques are demonstrated on artificial and real world data.
Supplementary Text : Rapid and Accurate Multiple Testing Correction and Power Estimation for Millions of Correlated Markers

Supplementary Text: Rapid and Accurate Multiple Testing Correction and Power Estimation for Millions of Correlated Markers Buhm Han, Hyun Min Kang, Eleazar Eskin2,∗ 1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America 2 Department of Computer Science and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America ∗ E-mail: eeskin@cs.ucla. edu
Improving TCP Performance in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Mobility Prediction

In mobile ad hoc networks node movements induce frequent topology changes. Therefore, traffic paths are often interrupted, until an ad hoc routing protocol recovers the path failure. These disruptions have negative impact on the network throughput, particularly when the transport protocol is TCP. In this paper we analyze the effect of route disconnections on TCP performance and present a routing protocol enhancement, called TCP-HOT to overcome route disruptions using a mobility prediction based route handoff prior to route failure. Through simulations we show that mobility prediction based route handoff can improve the performance of ad hoc networks in sense of throughput increase. The method can be deployed in the nodes without requiring any change in the current TCP/IP stack.
A Novel Modified FBLSA Algorithm for Symmetric and Asymmetric Traffic Equilibrium Problem

This paper considers user equilibrium as a nonlinear complementarity problem when the Jacobian of arc travel cost function is symmetric and asymmetric. It shows solutions of user equilibrium exist and corresponding arc flow is unique. It also presents a novel modified FBLSA algorithm which makes full use of the advantage of dealing with large-size road network of column generation method.Finally,numerical results show this algorithm successfully decreases the number of variables and enjoys quick rate of convergence.
RRAM based random bit generation for hardware security applications

Resistive random access memories (RRAMs) have arisen as a competitive candidate for non-volatile memories due to their scalability, simple structure, fast switching speed and compatibility with conventional back-end processes. The stochastic switching mechanism and intrinsic variability of RRAMs still poses challenges that must be overcome prior to their massive memory commercialization. However, these very same features open a wide range of potential applications for these devices in hardware security. In this context, this work proposes the generation of a random bit by means of simultaneous write operation of two parallel cells so that only one of them unpredictably switches its state. Electrical simulations confirm the strong stochastic behavior and stability of the proposed primitive. Exploiting this fact, a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) like primitive is implemented based on modified 1 transistor — 1 resistor (1T1R) array structure.
Trichome-Related Mutants Provide a New Perspective on Multicellular Trichome Initiation and Development in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L)

Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells located in aerial parts of plants that function in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. The simple unicellular trichomes of Arabidopsis serve as an excellent model to study the molecular mechanism of cell differentiation and pattern formation in plants. Loss-of-function mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana have suggested that the core genes GL1 (which encodes a MYB transcription factor) and TTG1 (which encodes a WD40 repeat-containing protein) are important for the initiation and spacing of leaf trichomes, while for normal trichome initiation, the genes GL3, and EGL3 (which encode a bHLH protein) are needed. However, the positive regulatory genes involved in multicellular trichrome development in cucumber remain unclear. This review focuses on the phenotype of mutants (csgl3, tril, tbh, mict, and csgl1) with disturbed trichomes in cucumber and then infers which gene(s) play key roles in trichome initiation and development in those mutants. Evidence indicates that MICT, TBH, and CsGL1 are allelic with alternative splicing. CsGL3 and TRIL are allelic and override the effect of TBH, MICT, and CsGL1 on the regulation of multicellular trichome development; and affect trichome initiation. CsGL3, TRIL, MICT, TBH, and CsGL1 encode HD-Zip proteins with different subfamilies. Genetic and molecular analyses have revealed that CsGL3, TRIL, MICT, TBH, and CsGL1 are responsible for the differentiation of epidermal cells and the development of trichomes. Based on current knowledge, a positive regulator pathway model for trichome development in cucumber was proposed and compared to a model in Arabidopsis. These data suggest that trichome development in cucumber may differ from that in Arabidopsis.
Delay Time Distribution Measurement of Type Ia Supernovae by the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey and Implications for the Progenitor

The delay time distribution (DTD) of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from star formation is an important clue to reveal the still unknown progenitor system of SNe Ia. Here we report on a measurement of the SN Ia DTD in a delay time range of t_Ia = 0.1-8.0 Gyr by using the faint variable objects detected in the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS) down to i' ~ 25.5. We select 65 SN candidates showing significant spatial offset from nuclei of the host galaxies having old stellar population at z ~ 0.4-1.2, out of more than 1,000 SXDS variable objects. Although spectroscopic type classification is not available for these, we quantitatively demonstrate that more than ~80% of these should be SNe Ia. The DTD is derived using the stellar age estimates of the old galaxies based on 9 band photometries from optical to mid-infrared wavelength. Combined with the observed SN Ia rate in elliptical galaxies at the local universe, the DTD in t_Ia ~ 0.1-10 Gyr is well described by a featureless power-law as f_D(t_Ia) \propto t_Ia^{-1}. The derived DTD is in excellent agreement with the generic prediction of the double-degenerate scenario, giving a strong support to this scenario. In the single-degenerate (SD) scenario, although predictions by simple analytic formulations have broad DTD shapes that are similar to the observation, DTD shapes calculated by more detailed binary population synthesis tend to have strong peaks at characteristic time scales, which do not fit the observation. This result thus indicates either that the SD channel is not the major contributor to SNe Ia in old stellar population, or that improvement of binary population synthesis theory is required. Various sources of systematic uncertainties are examined and tested, but our main conclusions are not affected significantly.
The psychological structure of partisanship : affect, cognition, and social identity in party identification /

I examine the foundations o f U.S. citizens’ attitudes towards major political parties. Political scientists traditionally define political partisanship as an emotional (affective) attachment to a party. I view this as an incomplete and misleading picture of party loyalty. Based upon this traditional definition, our explanations of partisanship exclude both citizens’ beliefs about the parties as well as attachment to a party as a social group. This dissertation examines three separate sources of party attitudes: emotional attachment to the party (partisan affect), beliefs about the parties (partisan cognitions), and a sense of belonging to the party (partisan social identification) in order to better explain and predict political behavior. I used a precisely-designed survey questionnaire to assess the affective, cognitive, and social identity components of partisanship in a manner not previously attempted. Three-hundred-two randomly selected registered voters in Franklin County, Ohio completed the survey. I first categorized individuals based on the affective or cognitive basis of their partisanship. I foimd that affectively-oriented partisans tended to be more consistent in their partisan behavior whereas cognitively-oriented partisans exhibited ideology and party assessments more preferable to their preferred party. I concluded that emotional attachments to political parties represent a more stable source o f partisan
QED and string theory

We analyze the D9- system in type IIB string theory using Dp-brane probes. It is shown that the world-volume theory of the probe Dp-brane contains two-dimensional and four-dimensional QED in the cases with p = 1 and p = 3, respectively, and some applications of the realization of these well-studied quantum field theories are discussed. In particular, the two-dimensional QED (the Schwinger model) is known to be a solvable theory and we can apply the powerful field theoretical techniques, such as bosonization, to study the D-brane dynamics. The tachyon field created by the D9- strings appears as the fermion mass term in the Schwinger model and the tachyon condensation is analyzed by using the bosonized description. In the T-dualized picture, we obtain the potential between a D0-brane and a D8- pair using the Schwinger model and we observe that it consists of the energy carried by fundamental strings created by the Hanany-Witten effect and the vacuum energy due to a cylinder diagram. The D0-brane is treated quantum mechanically as a particle trapped in the potential, which turns out to be a system of a harmonic oscillator. As another application, we obtain a matrix theory description of QED using Taylor's T-duality prescription, which is actually applicable to a wide variety of field theories including the realistic QCD. We show that the lattice gauge theory is naturally obtained by regularizing the matrix size to be finite.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of calcium phosphate nanowhiskers

Calcium phosphate [single-phase hydroxyapatite (HA), single-phase tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and biphasic HA-TCP] nanowhiskers and/or powders were produced by using a novel microwave-assisted “combustion synthesis (auto ignition)/molten salt synthesis” hybrid route. This work is an example of our “synergistic processing” philosophy combining these three technologies while taking advantage of their useful aspects. Aqueous solutions containing NaNO_3, Ca(NO_3)_2·4H_2O and KH_2PO_4 (with or without urea) were irradiated in a household microwave oven for 5 min at 600 watts of power. The as-synthesized precursors were then simply stirred in water at room temperature for 1 h to obtain the nanowhiskers or powders of the desired calcium phosphate bioceramics.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4

OBJECTIVE—Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) serves as the metabolic switch between glucose and fatty acid utilization. PDC activity is inhibited by PDC kinase (PDK). PDC shares the same substrate, i.e., pyruvate, as glyceroneogenesis, a pathway controlling fatty acid release from white adipose tissue (WAT). Thiazolidinediones activate glyceroneogenesis. We studied the regulation by rosiglitazone of PDK2 and PDK4 isoforms and tested the hypothesis that glyceroneogenesis could be controlled by PDK. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Rosiglitazone was administered to Zucker fa/fa rats, and then PDK4 and PDK2 mRNAs were examined in subcutaneous, periepididymal, and retroperitoneal WAT, liver, and muscle by real-time RT-PCR. Cultured WAT explants from humans and rats and 3T3-F442A adipocytes were rosiglitazone-treated before analyses of PDK2 and PDK4 mRNA and protein. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected by electroporation. Glyceroneogenesis was determined using [1-14C]pyruvate incorporation into lipids. RESULTS—Rosiglitazone increased PDK4 mRNA in all WAT depots but not in liver and muscle. PDK2 transcript was not affected. This isoform selectivity was also found in ex vivo–treated explants. In 3T3-F442A adipocytes, Pdk4 expression was strongly and selectively induced by rosiglitazone in a direct and transcriptional manner, with a concentration required for half-maximal effect at 1 nmol/l. The use of dichloroacetic acid or leelamine, two PDK inhibitors, or a specific PDK4 siRNA demonstrated that PDK4 participated in glyceroneogenesis, therefore altering nonesterified fatty acid release in both basal and rosiglitazone-activated conditions. CONCLUSIONS—These data show that PDK4 upregulation in adipocytes participates in the hypolipidemic effect of thiazolidinediones through modulation of glyceroneogenesis.
Natural Openness and Good Government

This paper offers a new interpretation of the connection between openness and good governance. Assuming that corruption and bad governance drive out international trade and investment more than domestic trade and investment, a naturally more open economy' as determined by its size and geography would devote more resources to building good institutions and would display lower corruption in equilibrium. In data, naturally more open economies' do exhibit less corruption even after taking into account their levels of development. Residual openness' which potentially includes trade policies is found not to be important once natural openness' is accounted for. Moreover, naturally more open economies' also tend to pay better civil servant salaries relative to their private sector alternatives indicative of the marginal benefit of good governance in a society's revealed preference. These patterns are consistent with the conceptual model.
Real-Time Sign Language Recognition in Complex Background Scene Based on a Hierarchical Clustering Classification Method

Cameras are embedded in many mobile/wearable devices and can be used for gesture recognition or even sign language recognition to help the deaf people communicate with others. In this paper, we proposed a vision-based gesture recognition system which can be used in environments with complex background. We design a method to adaptively update the skin color model for different users and various lighting conditions. Three kinds of features are combined to describe the contours and the salient points of hand gestures. Principle Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are integrated to construct a novel hierarchical classification scheme. We evaluated the proposed recognition method on two datasets: (1) the CSL dataset collected by ourselves, in which images were captured in complex background. (2) The public ASL dataset, in which images of the same gesture were captured in different lighting conditions. Our method achieves the accuracies of 99.8% and 94%, respectively, which outperforms the existing works.
Temporal motifs in time-dependent networks

Temporal networks are commonly used to represent systems where connections between elements are active only for restricted periods of time, such as telecommunication, neural signal processing, biochemical reaction and human social interaction networks. We introduce the framework of temporal motifs to study the mesoscale topological–temporal structure of temporal networks in which the events of nodes do not overlap in time. Temporal motifs are classes of similar event sequences, where the similarity refers not only to topology but also to the temporal order of the events. We provide a mapping from event sequences to coloured directed graphs that enables an efficient algorithm for identifying temporal motifs. We discuss some aspects of temporal motifs, including causality and null models, and present basic statistics of temporal motifs in a large mobile call network.
Tiling Binary Matrices in Haplotyping: Complexity, Models and Algorithms

A tiling of a matrix is an exact cover of its elements by a set of row fragments, called tiles. A particular variant of the tiling problem has arisen in the context of computational biology for studying genetic variations between individuals, in which one wishes to ﬁnd the minimum-cardinality tiling of a matrix whose rows correspond to genomic sequences of a set of individuals. In this case, the tiles deﬁne a set of haplotype motifs strings of consecutive variants that frequently co-occur on a single chromosome. By minimizing the number of tiles needed to explain a data set, we seek to identify frequent haplotypes that will be more amenable to statistical analysis than the raw variation data. Although the haplotype motif model was ﬁrst proposed several years ago, the complexity of the associated optimization problem has never been settled. Here, we show that the minimum tiling problem is NP-hard. We also describe ILP models and Dynamic Programming procedures for its exact solution.