Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Throughput Routing with Superposition Coding and Successive Interference Cancellation

Network coding aware routing protocols have been an interesting research topic in recent years. In this paper, we explore similar routing gains with physical layer coding techniques. A source routing protocol S3 is proposed to be implemented with a routing metric called iETT. By extending the traditional ETT measurement, iETT provides a simple way to make the routing protocol interference-aware. To further enable superposition coding and successive interference cancellation, S3 uses iETT to explore physical layer coding opportunities and measure potential gains in network throughput. Experimental evaluations confirm the effectiveness of iETT and S3. Significant improvements in network throughput are observed in both single-path and multi-path routing scenarios.
Motherese in Interaction: At the Cross-Road of Emotion and Cognition? (A Systematic Review)

Various aspects of motherese also known as infant-directed speech (IDS) have been studied for many years. As it is a widespread phenomenon, it is suspected to play some important roles in infant development. Therefore, our purpose was to provide an update of the evidence accumulated by reviewing all of the empirical or experimental studies that have been published since 1966 on IDS driving factors and impacts. Two databases were screened and 144 relevant studies were retained. General linguistic and prosodic characteristics of IDS were found in a variety of languages, and IDS was not restricted to mothers. IDS varied with factors associated with the caregiver (e.g., cultural, psychological and physiological) and the infant (e.g., reactivity and interactive feedback). IDS promoted infants’ affect, attention and language learning. Cognitive aspects of IDS have been widely studied whereas affective ones still need to be developed. However, during interactions, the following two observations were notable: (1) IDS prosody reflects emotional charges and meets infants’ preferences, and (2) mother-infant contingency and synchrony are crucial for IDS production and prolongation. Thus, IDS is part of an interactive loop that may play an important role in infants’ cognitive and social development.
Task Assignment Strategies for a Complex Real-time Network System

In this paper, a study on task assignment strategies for a complex real-time network system is presented. Firstly, two task assignment strategies are proposed to improve previous strategies. The proposed strategies assign tasks with meeting end-to-end real-time constraints, and also with optimizing system utilization through period modulation of the tasks. Consequently, the strategies aim at the optimizationto optimize of system performance with while still meeting real-time constraints. The proposed task assignment strategies are devised using the genetic algorithmswith heuristic real-time constraints in the generation of new populations. The strategies are differentiated by the optimization method of the two objectives-meeting end-to-end real-time constraints and optimizing system utilization: the first one has sequential genetic algorithm routines for the objectives, and the second one has one multiple objective genetic algorithm routine to find a Pareto solution. Secondly, the performances of the proposed strategies and a well-known existing task assignment strategy using the BnB(Branch and Bound) optimization are compared with one other through some simulation tests. Through the comparison of the simulation results, the most adequate task assignment strategies are proposed for someas system requirements-: the optimization of system utilization, the maximization of running tasktasks, and the minimization of the number of network node nodesnumber for a network system.
Assessing the impacts of climate variability and human activities on annual runoff in the Luan River basin, China

Regional hydrological processes have been greatly influenced by human activities and climate variability. The inflow of Panjiakou Reservoir, which is the largest reservoir located on the Luan River, has shown a significant decreasing trend over the past 50 years. A large-scale hydrological model, namely the geomorphology-based hydrological model (GBHM), and a climate elasticity model were applied to perform quantitative attributing analysis of runoff change in the study catchment. Annual runoff decreased by 19.5 mm from 65.7 mm in the period 1956–1979 to 46.2 mm in the period 1980–2005. Annual direct water intake increased by 22.5 mm from 3.6 to 26.1 mm. Climate impact was accountable for the runoff increase of 8.8 and 9.2 mm simulated by GBHM and the climate elasticity model, respectively. Impacts of land use and vegetation change accounted for the runoff decrease of 2.5 mm. Change of precipitation and vegetation cover contributed to annual runoff change for the upper catchment (grassland-dominated). Change of antecedent precipitation (a proxy of soil moisture) also contributed to annual runoff change for the lower catchment (forest-dominated) and the whole catchment (mixture vegetation).
Reducing truth-telling online mechanisms to online optimization

We describe a general technique for converting an online algorithm Β to a truthtelling mechanism. We require that the original online competitive algorithm has certain "niceness" properties in that actions on future requests are independent of the actual value of requests which were accepted (though these actions will of course depend upon the set of accepted requests). Under these conditions, we are able to give an online truthtelling mechanism (where the values of requests are given by bids which may not accurately represent the valuation of the requesters) such that our total profit is within O(ρ + log μ) of the optimum offline profit obtained by an omniscient algorithm (one which knows the true valuations of the users). Here ρ is the competitive ratio of Β for the optimization version of the problem, and μ is the ratio of the maximum to minimum valuation for a request. In general there is an Ω(log μ) lower bound on the ratio of worst-case profit for a truthtelling mechanism when compared to the profit obtained by an omniscient algorithm, so this result is in some sense best possible. In addition, we prove that our construction is resilient against many forms of "cheating" attempts, such as forming coalitions.We demonstrate applications of this result to several problems. We develop online truthtelling mechanisms for online routing and admission control of path or multicast requests, assuming large network capacities. Assuming the existance of an algorithm Β for the optimization version of the problem, our techniques provide truthtelling mechanisms for general combinatorial auctions. However, designing optimization algorithms may be difficult in general because of online or approximation lower bounds. For the cases described above, we are able to design optimization algorithms Β by amortizing the lost benefit from online computation (and from approximation hardness in the case of multicast) against the benefit obtained from accepted requests.We comment that our upper bounds on profit competitiveness imply, as an obvious corollary, similar bound on global efficiency, namely overall well-being of all the users. This contrasts with most other work on truthtelling mechanisms for general online resource allocation, where only efficiency is maximized, and competitiveness can be arbitrarily poor.
Bounded-Curvature Shortest Paths through a Sequence of Points Using Convex Optimization

We consider the problem of computing shortest paths having curvature at most one almost everywhere and visiting a sequence of $n$ points in the plane in a given order. This problem is a subproblem of the Dubins traveling salesman problem and also arises naturally in path planning for point car-like robots in the presence of polygonal obstacles. We show that when consecutive waypoints are a distance of at least four apart, this question reduces to a family of convex optimization problems over polyhedra in $\mathbb{R}^n$.
A Proposal for an Autonomic Grid Management System

This paper presents a proposal for an autonomic grid management system (AGMS) using IBM's Autonomic Toolkit. The AGMS proposed would be knowledgeable on grid workflow patterns be able to sense and change grid resources and services according to a set of grid policies. The AGMS will perform preventative and corrective maintenance procedures on the grid to ensure its workflows are being completed properly. This should result in improved grid service reliability and job submission resiliency.
Microtopographic controls on ecosystem functioning in the Arctic Coastal Plain

[1] The investigation of the microtopographic controls on thermal and hydrologic conditions of the soil and consequently the carbon dynamics from Arctic regions is of major importance. Ecosystem respiration (ER) between microsites of the same tundra type could differ more than ER in different tundra types even at different latitudes. In this study we investigated the microtopographic effect on soil temperature, thaw depth, pH, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved CO2, vegetation types, and ER rates from different features forming the low-center polygon structure. Most of these environmental variables significantly differ particularly between areas with higher elevation (polygon rims) and with lower elevation (low-center polygons). Polygon rims presented the lowest water table and showed the lowest thaw depth and the highest ER (a seasonal average of 1 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1), almost double than the ER in the low-center polygons (a seasonal average of 0.6 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1). The microtopographic gradient from polygon rims to low-centers led to a very consistent pattern in pH, EC, ORP and dissolved CO2, with low-centers presenting the highest pH, the highest EC, the highest dissolved CO2, and the lowest ORP. Based on vegetation measurements, we also showed that microtopography controls the lateral flow of organic matter, and that vascular plant material accumulates as litter in the lower elevation areas, possibly contributing to the higher dissolved CO2 in the low-center polygons. Microtopography, and the ramifications discussed here, should be considered when evaluating landscape scale environmental controls on carbon dynamics in the Arctic.
Clay mineral‐organic matter relationships in the early solar system

Abstract— As the solar system formed, it inherited and perpetuated a rich organic chemistry, the molecular products of which are preserved in ancient extraterrestrial objects such as carbonaceous chondrites. These organic‐rich meteorites provide a valuable and tangible record of the chemical steps taken towards the origin of life in the early solar system. Chondritic organic matter is present in the inorganic meteorite matrix which, in the CM and CI chondrites, contains evidence of alteration by liquid water on the parent asteroid. An unanswered and fundamental question is to what extent did the organic matter and inorganic products of aqueous alteration interact or display interdependence? We have used an organic labelling technique to reveal that the meteoritic organic matter is strongly associated with clay minerals. This association suggests that clay minerals may have had an important trapping and possibly catalytic role in chemical evolution in the early solar system prior to the origin of life on the early Earth.
Object-Use Activity Monitoring: Feasibility for People with Cognitive Impairments

A significant amount of prior work has addressed the question of whether wireless sensor networks can collect sufficient data about how people interact with everyday objects to support accurate interpretation of their behavior. One commonly discussed application for object-use-based activity monitoring is the development of systems to support people with cognitive impairment. However, most prior studies have involved only cognitively intact subjects. In this paper, we report on an experiment in which we attempt to replicate an earlier study that used object-use activity monitoring to identify individuals, but we used subjects with traumatic brain injuries (TBI). We describe the work, which is currently ongoing, and provide preliminary answers to the key questions of whether this approach to activity monitoring is feasible for people with TBI, and whether the data collected provides a level of identification accuracy equivalent to that of the unimpaired subjects.
Nucleus-Specific Chloride Homeostasis in Rat Thalamus

Synchronous thalamic network activity occurring during slow wave sleep and paroxysmal discharges critically depends on the ability of thalamocortical relay cells and inhibitory neurons of the nucleus reticularis thalami (nRt) to fire bursts of action potentials. Inhibitory synaptic potentials (IPSPs) originating from nRt cells are crucial in deinactivating T-channels and thus promoting burst firing in relay cells, but the functional role of intra-nRt IPSPs is less well understood. A major factor that regulates the net effects of IPSP generation is the chloride equilibrium potential (ECl). Here we applied the perforated patch-clamp technique, using the cation-selective ionophore gramicidin to assess the reversal potential of chloride in nRt and relay cells in brain slices. We found that the reversal potential of GABA-induced membrane currents (EGABA) was significantly more hyperpolarized in relay (−81 ± 2.6 mV), as compared with nRt cells (−71 ± 2.5 mV). EGABA was not significantly different from the reversal potential of evoked IPSCs (EIPSC; −82 ± 4.4 mV) in relay cells. In both relay and reticular neurons the chloride gradient was collapsed partially by the chloride cation cotransport blocker furosemide, suggesting an active chloride extrusion mechanism in thalamic neurons. Given the relatively hyperpolarized resting potentials (approximately −70 mV) reported for nRt and relay cells during in vitro thalamic oscillations, we conclude that under these conditions GABAA IPSPs lead to significant hyperpolarization in relay cells. By contrast, intra-nRt inhibition essentially would be shunting, i.e., would produce minimal membrane polarization but still could reduce the amplitude of excitatory events.
Earthquakes Induced By the Stimulation of an Enhanced Geothermal System Below Basel (Switzerland)

To stimulate the reservoir for a “hot dry rock” geothermal project initiated by a private/public consortium in the city of Basel, Switzerland, approximately 11,500 m3 of water were injected at high pressures between 2 December and 8 December 2006 into a 5-km-deep well below Kleinhuningen (Haring et al. 2008). A six-sensor borehole array, installed by the operators of the project at depths between 317 and 2,740 meters around the well to monitor the induced seismicity recorded more than 10,500 seismic events during the injection phase. Hypocentral locations could be calculated for more than 3,000 of these events. The gradual increase in flow rate and wellhead pressure was accompanied by a steady increase in seismicity, both in terms of event rates and magnitudes. In the early morning hours of 8 December, after water had been injected at maximum rates in excess of 50 l/s and at wellhead pressures of up to 29.6 MPa for about 16 hours (Haring et al. 2008), a magnitude ML 2.6 event occurred within the reservoir. This exceeded the safety threshold for continued stimulation, so that injection was stopped prematurely. In the afternoon and evening of the same day, two additional events of magnitude ML 2.7 and 3.4 occurred within the same source volume. As a consequence, the well was opened and the water allowed to flow back. In the following days about one third of the injected water volume flowed back out of the well (Haring et al. 2008). Though the seismic activity declined rapidly thereafter, even more than two years later sporadic microseismicity was being detected in the stimulated rock volume by the downhole-instruments. The mainshock was felt distinctly in the urban area of Basel. People reported short, high-frequency shaking lasting 1–3 seconds, often accompanied by a loud bang similar to an …
Latent class subtyping of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid conditions.

OBJECTIVE Genetic studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) generally use discrete DSM-IV subtypes to define diagnostic status. To improve correspondence between phenotypic variance and putative susceptibility genes, multivariate classification methods such as latent class analysis (LCA) have been proposed. The aim of this study was to perform LCA in a sample of 1,010 individuals from a nationwide recruitment of unilineal nuclear families with at least one child with ADHD and another child either affected or clearly unaffected. METHOD LCA models containing one through 10 classes were fitted to data derived from all DSM-IV symptoms for ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder (CD), as well as seven items that screen for anxiety and depression from the National Initiative for Children's Healthcare Quality Vanderbilt Assessment Scale for Parents. RESULTS We replicated six to eight statistically significantly distinct clusters, similar to those described in other cross-cultural studies, mostly stable when comorbidities are included. For all age groups, anxiety and depression are strongly related to Inattentive and Combined types. Externalizing symptoms, especially CD, are strongly associated with the Combined type of ADHD. Oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in young children are associated with either conduct disorder or anxiety-related symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Methods such as LCA allow inclusion of information about comorbidities to be quantitatively incorporated into genetic studies. LCA also permits incorporation of milder but still impairing phenotypes than are allowed using the DSM-IV. Such methods may be essential for analyses of large multicenter datasets and relevant for future clinical classifications. This population-based ADHD classification may help resolve the contradictory results presented in molecular genetic studies.
Dynamic rolling locomotion by spherical mobile robots considering its generalized momentum

In this paper, we propose a spherical mobile robot, which is composed of a sphere-shaped outer shell and and a 2-d.o. f. mass-control device inside it. We assume that there exists rolling contact constraint between the spherical surface of the robot and the floor. Our purpose is to realize locomotion control of the robot by appropriately actuating the internal driving mechanism. First, we derive a mathematical model of the robot as a nonlinear differential-algebraic equation (DAE). There are two differences between the conventional rolling sphere problem and our robot: (1)our robot is allowed to spin around the vertical axis, and therefore (2)we have to consider not only kinematics but also dynamics of the robot, because the angular momentum around the vertical axis plays an essential role its behavior.
A Viewpoint on : Negative Differential Conductivity in an Interacting Quantum Gas

Atomtronics—an area in which highly controlled atomic gases mimic the properties of electrical circuits [1]—has reached a series of milestones as a result of novel experimental techniques. Being able to tailor the microscopic behavior of these gases opens opportunities to explore fundamental aspects of electronic transport, while also contributing new tools for applications, such as quantum devices for measurement and sensing. Now in a new study, Herwig Ott, from the University of Kaiserslautern in Germany, and colleagues [2] have used techniques in which an atomic gas is prepared and probed with a focused electron beam to realize a system exhibiting a phenomenon known as negative differential conductance. In this phenomenon, the current across a tunnel junction in a circuit decreases as the voltage, or chemical potential difference, is increased. Their experiment demonstrates a building block for complex atomic circuits and opens new avenues for investigating how manyparticle transport processes equilibrate to a steady state.
Improving Chen and Han's algorithm on the discrete geodesic problem

The computation of geodesic distances or paths between two points on triangulated meshes is a common operation in many computer graphics applications. In this article, we present an exact algorithm for the single-source all-vertices shortest path problem. Mitchell et al. [1987] proposed an O(n2 log n) method (MMP), based on Dijkstra's algorithm, where n is the complexity of the polyhedral surface. Then, Chen and Han [1990] (CH) improved the running time to O(n2). Interestingly Surazhsky et al. [2005] provided experimental evidence demonstrating that the MMP algorithm runs many times faster, in practice, than the CH algorithm. The CH algorithm encodes the structure of the set of shortest paths using a set of windows on the edges of the polyhedron. Our experiments showed that in many examples over 99% of the windows created by the CH algorithm are of no use to define a shortest path. So this article proposes to improve the CH algorithm by two separate techniques. One is to filter out useless windows using the current estimates of the distances to the vertices, the other is to maintain a priority queue like that achieved in Dijkstra's algorithm. Our experimental results suggest that the improved CH algorithm, in spite of an O(n2 log n) asymptotic time complexity, greatly outperforms the original CH algorithm in both time and space. Furthermore, it generally runs faster than the MMP algorithm and uses considerably less space.
Synthesis of an efficient tactical theorem prover for the game of go

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