Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embedding entrepreneurial skills within computing

The Scottish government launched a nationwide drive to increase entrepreneurial skills, looking to become a “world-leading entrepreneurial and innovative nation”. One of the key ambitions of this is to build an education system with entrepreneurship and innovation at its core. Within computing degrees, however, there is traditionally a focus on preparing students for employment within industry, rather than preparing them with an entrepreneurial skillset. This chapter discusses lessons learnt from the design and implementation of an entrepreneurship module taught to Honours-year computing students during the 2016 to 2017 academic year and defines a proposed series of workshops showcasing its future implementation.
CIC-AB: Online ad blocker for browsers

Online advertisements (ads) have taken over the web, nowedays most websites contain some sort of ads. While ads produce revenue for the server maintainer or to businesses, they have become intrusive and dangerous as ever. The ads use more bandwidth, show inappropriate content, and spread malware such as adware and ransomware. Although there are many products to block ads, also known as ad blockers, most depend on static filter lists that must be managed manually and frequently updated. When malicious advertisers can produce millions of new URLs within minutes, this is not the most effective method against ads. In this paper we propose our own ad blocker, CIC-AB, which uses machine learning techniques to detect new and unknown ads without needing to update a filter list. The proposed ad blocker has been developed as an extension for the common browsers (e.g. Firefox and Chrome). It classifies URLs, both HTTP and HTTPS, as: non-ad, normal-ad and malicious-ad. The analysis showed the average precision, recall and False Positive rate of CIC-AB for five classifiers namely; Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Random Forest (RF) and Decision Tree (DT) is 97.16%, 94.96% and 3.38% respectively.
Using Artificial Team Members for Military Team Training in Virtual Environments

Developing good team skills usually involves exercises with all team members playing their role. This approach is costly and has organizational and educational drawbacks. For the Netherlands army, we developed a more efficient and flexible approach by setting training in virtual environments, and using intelligent software agents to play the role of team members. We developed a general framework for developing agents that, in a controlled fashion, execute the behavior that enables the human player (i.e., trainee) to effectively learn team skills. The framework is tested by developing and implementing various types of team agents in Virtual Battle Space 2 (VBS2).
EFFECTS OF MANUFACTURING CAPABILITY CHOICES ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

Ozet: Calismanin amaci, firmalarin uretim yeterlilikleri secimlerinin performanslarina olan etkisini arastirmaktir. Bu amacla, uretim literaturune dayali olarak model gelistirilmistir. Modelin test edilmesi amaciyla imalat sanayinde faaliyet gosteren 199 firmaya anket uygulanmistir. Anketin degerlendirilmesi asamasinda dogrulayici faktor analizi uygulanmistir. Calisma sonuclari, onerilen yapisal esitlik modelini desteklemektedir. Analiz sonuclarina gore kalite ve maliyet, firmalarin performansini pozitif bicimde etkilemektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Uretim Yeterlilikleri, Firma Performansi, Yapisal Esitlik Modeli, Lirsel Abstract: The aim of the paper is to investigate the effects of firm’s manufacturing capability choices on business performance. For this reason, a proposed model was developed based on the manufacturing literature. To test the model survey instrument was conducted to 200 firms. Confirmatory factor analysis is used to evaluate the survey instrument. Study results supported the proposed structural equation modeling. According to the analysis’s results cost and quality positively affect a firm’s business performance. Keywords: Manufacturing Capabilities, Business Performance, Structural Equation Modeling, Lisrel
HUMAN OBJECT TRACKING IN VIDEO SEQUENCES 264 HUMAN OBJECT TRACKING IN VIDEO SEQUENCES

The object representation and tracking is one of the important tasks in computer vision. The object can be represented in various ways and in this paper the objects are represented using the properties of the HSV color space. Adaptive k-means clustering algorithm was applied to cluster objects centroids color values and co-ordinates were sent to next frame for clustering. After clustering, for comparing the objects present in both the reference frame and the target frame, a similarity measure was proposed which uses position, color and size of the objects for comparison. Based on the similarity value, the objects were detected and tracked. The performance of the proposed approach was verified with human objects and the same was effectively tracked. The comparison was carried with similar methods and the results are encouraging.
Nature ofDNA-bound fattyacids inPseudomonasaurantiaca

Renat I. Zhdanov, Anastasia S. Shmyrina, Tatyana V. Zarubina, Andrey L. Mulyukin, Galina I. El-Registan, Nicole Haupt, Angelika Kraus & Wilhelm Lorenz Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute of Food and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; and S.N. Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
The Smix synchronous multimedia language : Operational semantics and coroutine implementation

Smix is a domain-specific language for the construction of interactive multimedia presentations. Its programs describe how media objects (texts, images, videos, etc.) should be presented and how external events, such as the passage of time or user interaction, affect their presentation. What distinguishes Smix from similar high-level multimedia languages, such as NCL, SMIL, and HTML, is first is simplicity: the language has only three main concepts (media object, action, and link) which can nonetheless be used to program complex multimedia applications. The second distinguishing characteristic of Smix is its synchronous, deterministic semantics, which induces a precise notion of logical time. In this paper, we introduce the Smix language, present two versions of its synchronous semantics, equational and linear, both in big-step operational style, and discuss a novel, straightforward implementation of its linear semantics using Lua coroutines.
1 Numerical and Experimental Study of Microvortex Generators

A series of experimental and computational studies was conducted on vane-type microvortex generators (MVG) with the aim of better understanding the behaviour and to improve the design of such devices. The traditional rectangular and triangular vanes along with unique NACA0012 and E423 airfoils shaped vanes were studied with a height of 0. 2δ while being embedded in a turbulent boundary layer of a flat plate. To assess the reliability of the numerical prediction of the drag forces acting on a MVG, a wind tunnel experiment was conducted. The experiment was conducted at a Reynolds number of 155, based on the friction velocity and the MVG height. A very good agreement was found between the experimental and numerical drag predictions for the MVGs with strong vortices. Fair agreement was found for the two MVGs with weak vortices.
AN INTERIOR-POINT APPROACH FOR SOLVING RISK-AVERSE 1 PDE-CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS WITH 2 COHERENT RISK MEASURES

The prevalence of uncertainty in models of engineering and the natural sciences ne-5 cessitate the inclusion of random parameters in the underlying partial diﬀerential equations (PDEs). 6 The resulting decision problems governed by the solution of such random PDEs are inﬁnite dimen-7 sional stochastic optimization problems. In order to obtain risk-averse optimal decisions in the face 8 of such uncertainty, it is common to employ risk measures in the objective function. This leads to 9 risk-averse PDE-constrained optimization problems. We propose a method for solving such prob-10 lems in which the risk measures are convex combinations of the mean and conditional value-at-risk 11 (CVaR). Since these risk measures can be evaluated by solving a related inequality-constrained opti-12 mization problem, we suggest a log-barrier technique to approximate the risk measure. This leads to 13 a new continuously diﬀerentiable convex risk measure: the log-barrier risk measure. We show that 14 the log-barrier risk measure ﬁts into the setting of optimized certainty equivalents of Ben-Tal and 15 Teboulle and the expectation quadrangle of Rockafellar and Uryasev. Using the diﬀerentiability of 16 the log-barrier risk measure, we derive ﬁrst-order optimality conditions reminiscent of classical pri-17 mal and primal-dual interior point approaches in nonlinear programming. We derive the associated 18 Newton system, propose a reduced symmetric system to calculate the steps, and provide a suﬃcient 19 condition for local superlinear convergence in the continuous setting. Furthermore, we provide a 20 Γ-convergence result for the log-barrier risk measures to prove convergence of the minimizers to the 21 original nonsmooth problem. The results are illustrated by a numerical study. 22
Identification and lactic acid production of bacteria isolated from soils and tree barks

Aims: The objective of this research was to isolate and identify lactic acid producing bacteria from soils and tree barks in Thailand. Their acid production was also determined. Methodology and Results: Eleven bacterial strains isolated from soils and tree barks were screened for their lactic acid production. They were divided into 4 groups based on their phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Group I (3 isolates) identified as Lactococcus produced L-lactic acid ranged from 72.32 ± 0.707-77.47 ± 0.184 g/L, yield of 0.96 ± 0.011-1.06 ± 0.008 g/g, productivity of 1.00 ± 0.010-1.08 ± 0.003 g/L.h and optical purity was 100%. Group II (3 isolates) identified as Enterococcus hirae, produced L-lactic acid ranged from 31.56 ± 0.424-34.86 ± 0.283 g/L, yield of 1.06±0.008-1.23±0.036 g/g, productivity of 0.44 ± 0.006-0.48 ± 0.004 g/L.h and optical purity was 98.6100%. Group III (3 isolates) identified as Bacillus coagulans, produced L-lactic acid ranged from 48.48 ± 0.283-93.51 ± 0.552 g/L, yield of 1.00±0.001-1.07±0.005 g/g, productivity of 0.67 ± 0.004-1.30 ± 0.008 g/L.h and high optical purity of the tested isolate was 99.56%. Group IV (2 isolates) identified as Sporoactobacillus. Only NN2 produced D-lactic acid concentration 87.64 ± 0.375 g/L, yield of 0.83±0.000 g/g, productivity of 1.22 ± 0.005 g/L.h and optical purity was 96.16%. All isolates produced lactic acid when 120 g/L of the initial glucose was used as a substrate. Conclusion, Significance and Impact of Study: Lactic acid producing bacteria are isolated from soils and tree barks. The coccal isolates could produce high L-lactic acid concentration with high optical purity while the spore-forming isolates produces Land D-lactic acid which are useful for food preservation, chemical in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and textile industries.
Administration of polysaccharides from Antrodia camphorata modulates dendritic cell function and alleviates allergen‐induced T helper type 2 responses in a mouse model of asthma

Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by airway inflammation caused by the dysregulated production of cytokines secreted by allergen‐specific type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. Antrodia camphorata is a commonly used fungus in Asian folk medicine, and A. camphorata polysaccharides are reported to possess anti‐cancer activities. In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of purified fractionated polysaccharides (GF2) from A. camphorata on dendritic cells (DCs) and their potential preventive effects against ovalbumin (OVA) ‐induced asthma were investigated. In the presence of GF2, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ‐activated DCs exhibited up‐regulated expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and co‐stimulatory molecules, as well as enhanced interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and IL‐12 production. GF2 treatment on LPS‐activated DCs suppressed naïve CD4+ T‐cell proliferation and Th2 cell polarization with IL‐10 production in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. In animal experiments, a high dose of GF2 efficiently reduced expression levels of OVA‐specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgE. However, lower doses of GF2 significantly enhanced OVA‐specific IgG2a production. Our data also showed that administration of GF2 dose‐dependently inhibited the development of airway hyperresponsiveness, airway eosinophilia and Th2 responses. OVA‐specific CD4+ T cells from higher doses of GF2‐treated mice had significantly lower proliferative capacities compared with control mice. Moreover, treatment with GF2 significantly increased the high levels of IL‐10 and low levels of interferon‐γ produced by T cells. Taken together, these data indicate that administration of A. camphorata polysaccharides (GF2) may have therapeutic potential when used as an adjuvant for the immunomodulatory treatment of allergic asthma.
A structural basis for antigen recognition by the T cell-like lymphocytes of sea lamprey

Adaptive immunity in jawless vertebrates is mediated by leucine-rich repeat proteins called “variable lymphocyte receptors” (VLRs). Two types of VLR (A and B) are expressed by mutually exclusive lymphocyte populations in lamprey. VLRB lymphocytes resemble the B cells of jawed vertebrates; VLRA lymphocytes are similar to T cells. We determined the structure of a high-affinity VLRA isolated from lamprey immunized with hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) in unbound and antigen-bound forms. The VLRA–HEL complex demonstrates that certain VLRAs, like γδ T-cell receptors (TCRs) but unlike αβ TCRs, can recognize antigens directly, without a requirement for processing or antigen-presenting molecules. Thus, these VLRAs feature the nanomolar affinities of antibodies, the direct recognition of unprocessed antigens of both antibodies and γδ TCRs, and the exclusive expression on the lymphocyte surface that is unique to αβ and γδ TCRs.
Two RGD-independent αvβ3 Integrin Binding Sites on Tumstatin Regulate Distinct Anti-tumor Properties*

Vascular basement membrane is an important regulator of angiogenesis and undergoes many alterations during angiogenesis and these changes are speculated to influence neovascularization. Recently, fragments of collagen molecules have been identified to possess anti-angiogenic activity. Tumstatin (α3(IV)NC1 domain) is one such novel molecule with distinct anti-tumor properties and possesses an N-terminal (amino acids 54–132) anti-angiogenic and a C-terminal (amino acids 185–203) anti-tumor cell activity (Maeshima, Y., et al. 2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 21340–21348). Previous studies have identified the 185–203 amino acid sequence as a ligand for αvβ3integrin (Shahan, T. A., et al. (1999) Cancer Res. 59, 4584–4590). In the present study, we found distinct additional RGD-independent αvβ3 integrin binding site within 54–132 amino acids of tumstatin. This site is not essential for inhibition of tumor cell proliferation but necessary for the anti-angiogenic activity. A fragment of tumstatin containing 54–132 amino acid (tum-2) binds both endothelial cells and melanoma cells but only inhibited proliferation of endothelial cells, with no effect on tumor cell proliferation. A similar experiment with fragment of tumstatin containing the 185–203 amino acid (tum-4) demonstrates that it binds both endothelial cells and melanoma cells but only inhibits the proliferation of melanoma cells. The presence of cyclic RGD peptides did not affect the αvβ3integrin-mediated activity of tumstatin, although significant inhibition of endothelial cell binding to vitronectin was observed. The two distinct RGD-independent binding sites on tumstatin suggest unique αvβ3 integrin-mediated mechanisms governing the two distinct anti-tumor properties of tumstatin.
Safe corridor based task interface for quadrotors

Most of the task management interface of quadrotors is based on waypoints. While it is natural for the human to visualize the tasks and easy for quadrotors to execute, there lacks support for functions such as the geo-fencing. In many applications, it is desired to limit the quadrotors’ operation area in the safe region. In this paper, we propose an approach that guides the vehicle in a predefined safe corridor without solving the entire trajectory beforehand. It also guarantees the feasibility by limiting the trajectory’s velocity, acceleration, and jerk to a predefined range. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated with real flight experiment.
Religious Institutions and the Impact of Inter-Ethnic Inequality on Conflict

To study the temporal change in inter-group inequalities of Xinjiang, we examine the levels of horizontal inequality (HI) in 1982 the same way we measure HI in 1990. We use the 1% sample of the Chinese National Population Census of 1982. Following the same approach used in the main text, we limit our sample to adults who were above 18 years old in 1982; this gives us a database of over 66,000 respondents. As in the case of constructing HI indictors of 1990, we employ a number of measures using different thresholds of education attainments, choices of ethnic minority groups, and difference vs. ratio measures. Consequently, there are eight different measures from HI1 to HI8 that are following the same coding rule for the year of 1990. The correlations between HI measures of 1982 and 1990 are as follows: from HI1 to HI8, they are 0.773, 0.767, 0.767, 0.624, 0.642, 0.735, 0.683, and 0.730. These are high correlations, suggesting HI measures do not change quickly between 1982 and 1990.
A New Architecture for Data Collection in Vehicular Networks

Vehicular Sensor Networks (VSNs) are an emerging paradigm in vehicular networks. This new technology uses different kind of sensing devices available in new vehicles, to gather information about the driver's environment (speed, acceleration, temperature, seats occupations, etc.) in order to provide a safer, more efficient and more comfortable driving experience. In this paper, we focus on a particular VSN architecture, where the ad hoc network is operated by a telecommunication/service provider (WiMax access point, 2.5/3G base station) to combine non-valuable individual sensed data and extract from them effective feedbacks about the situation of the road in a geographical area (traffic density, unusual traffic behavior, etc.). In operated VSNs, providers tend to reduce the traffic load on their network, using unlicensed spectrum communication medium (IEEE 802.11p, for example). To do so, we propose CGP (Clustered Gathering Protocol), a cross layer protocol based on hierarchical and geographical data collection, aggregation and dissemination mechanisms. We analyze the performances of CGP using a simulation environment and realistic mobility models. We demonstrate the feasibility of such solution and show that CGP offers the operator precious information without overloading his network.
The Creative Role of the Judge: Restraint and Freedom in the Common Law Tradition

It is hard to realize that forty years have passed since Judge Cardozo gave his famous lectures on The Nature of the Judicial Process at Yale and achieved at once national fame as well as that idolatrous regard of the law schools which eventually propelled him to the highest court of the land. Elsewhere the senior author has recorded his reactions as a cub of the Yale Law faculty in joining in the invitation to the then essentially unknown judge and of noting the instant reaction of his hearers which incidentally led to their shifting from the smallest lecture room (as originally planned) to the largest on the campus.1 These lectures of 1921 and their successorsThe Growth of the Law, The Paradoxes of Legal Science 2-have now become so much a part of all legal thinking as to the judge's task of decision that reference to the originals is likely to be thought no longer necessary. But a rereading of these great monographs gives a sense of renewed life, of complete modernity, to their central thesis. And a strange recrudescence in legal literature of the thesis that judges must find or restate, and not make, law suggests that every generation must rediscover these truths for itself. We have been forcibly reminded of this recurring need by a promise to the editors of the Journal to review an important new book by Karl Llewellyn, brilliant legal philosopher and number one legal realist-a guild of which Cardozo was at least godfather-intriguingly entitled The Common Law Tradition: Deciding Appeals.3 If, as we fear, this otherwise sprightly book has omitted or at least slighted a major, if not climactic, part of Cardozo's teaching, then it is all the more rewarding to return to the master's words often and with due humility and attentiveness. So while this article is primarily a book review of the latest essay in this field, we have found it quite naturally becoming a tribute to Cardozo himself.
Lysine Trimethylation of EF-Tu Mimics Platelet-Activating Factor To Initiate Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous microorganism and the most common Gram-negative bacterium associated with nosocomial pneumonia, which is a leading cause of mortality among critically ill patients. Although many virulence factors have been identified in this pathogen, little is known about the bacterial components required to initiate infection in the host. Here, we identified a unique trimethyl lysine posttranslational modification of elongation factor Tu as a previously unrecognized bacterial ligand involved in early host colonization by P. aeruginosa. This modification is carried out by a novel methyltransferase, here named elongation factor Tu-modifying enzyme, resulting in a motif that is a structural mimic of the phosphorylcholine present in platelet-activating factor. This novel motif mediates bacterial attachment to airway respiratory cells through platelet-activating factor receptor and is a major virulence factor, expression of which is a prerequisite to pneumonia in a murine model of respiratory infection. IMPORTANCE Phosphorylcholine is an interesting molecule from the microbiological and immunological point of view. It is a crucial epitope for the virulence of many important human pathogens, modulates the host immune response, and is involved in a wide number of processes ranging from allergy to inflammation. Our current work identifies a novel bacterial surface epitope structurally and functionally similar to phosphorylcholine. This novel epitope is crucial for initial colonization of the respiratory tract by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and for development of pneumonia. This opens up new targets for the development of novel drugs to prevent P. aeruginosa pneumonia, which is particularly important given the frequent emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Phosphorylcholine is an interesting molecule from the microbiological and immunological point of view. It is a crucial epitope for the virulence of many important human pathogens, modulates the host immune response, and is involved in a wide number of processes ranging from allergy to inflammation. Our current work identifies a novel bacterial surface epitope structurally and functionally similar to phosphorylcholine. This novel epitope is crucial for initial colonization of the respiratory tract by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and for development of pneumonia. This opens up new targets for the development of novel drugs to prevent P. aeruginosa pneumonia, which is particularly important given the frequent emergence of multidrug-resistant strains.