Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-&agr; Expression Is Neuroprotective After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose— Tumor necrosis factor-&agr; (TNF-&agr;) expression is increased in brain after cerebral ischemia, although little is known about its abundance and role in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). A TNF-&agr;–specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ORF4-PE) was used to study the extent to which TNF-&agr; expression influenced neurobehavioral outcomes and brain damage in a collagenase-induced ICH model in rat. Methods— Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, and ICH was induced by intrastriatal administration of heparin and collagenase. Immediately before or 3 hours after ICH induction, ORF4-PE was administered directly into the site of ICH. TNF-&agr; mRNA and protein levels were measured by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses. Cell death was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated uridine 5′triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL). Neurobehavioral deficits were measured for 4 weeks after ICH. Results— ICH induction (n=6) elevated TNF-&agr; mRNA and protein levels (P <0.01) at 24 hours after the onset of injury compared with sham controls (n=6). Immunohistochemical labeling indicated that ICH was accompanied by elevated expression of TNF-&agr; in neutrophils, macrophages, and microglia. Administration of ORF4-PE (2.0 nmol) directly into striatal parenchyma, 15 minutes before (n=4) or 3 hours after (n=6) ICH, decreased levels of TNF-&agr; mRNA (P <0.001) and protein (P <0.01) in the brain tissue surrounding the hematoma compared with animals treated with saline alone (n=6). Mean±SEM striatal cell death (cells per high-powered field) was also reduced in animals receiving ORF4-PE (34.1±5.0) compared with the saline-treated ICH group (80.3±7.50) (P <0.001). ORF4-PE treatment improved neurobehavioral deficits observed at 24 hours (P <0.001) after induction of ICH (n=6) compared with the untreated ICH group (n=6). This improvement was maintained at 28 days after hemorrhage induction (P <0.001). Conclusions— These results indicate a pathogenic role for TNF-&agr; during ICH and demonstrate that reducing TNF-&agr; expression using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides is neuroprotective.
The Third Species of Darpa Moore, 1865 in China and Some Notes on the Genus (Hesperiidae: Pyrginae: Tagiadini)

ABSTRACT: Darpa inopinata Devyatkin is newly recorded from Hainan. This is the third species of Darpa to be recorded from China. The geographical distribution of D. inopinata was previously restricted to central and northern Vietnam but is now extended eastward to Hainan. The phylogeny of Darpa was investigated using DNA barcode region. Notes on conservation of the genus Darpa in China are also provided.
Moving object detection from a point cloud using photometric and depth consistencies

3D models of outdoor environments have been used for several applications such as a virtual earth system and a vision-based vehicle safety system. 3D data for constructing such 3D models are often measured by an on-vehicle system equipped with laser rangefinders, cameras, and GPS/IMU. However, 3D data of moving objects on streets lead to inaccurate 3D models when modeling outdoor environments. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a moving object detection method for point clouds by minimizing an energy function based on photometric and depth consistencies assuming that input data consist of synchronized point clouds, images, and camera poses from a single sequence captured with a moving on-vehicle system.
The DNA Architectural Protein HMGB1 Displays Two Distinct Modes of Action That Promote Enhanceosome Assembly

ABSTRACT HMGB1 (also called HMG-1) is a DNA-bending protein that augments the affinity of diverse regulatory proteins for their DNA sites. Previous studies have argued for a specific interaction between HMGB1 and target proteins, which leads to cooperative binding of the complex to DNA. Here we propose a different model that emerged from studying how HMGB1 stimulates enhanceosome formation by the Epstein-Barr viral activator Rta on a target gene, BHLF-1. HMGB1 stimulates binding of individual Rta dimers to multiple sites in the enhancer. DNase I and hydroxyl radical footprinting, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and immobilized template assays failed to reveal stable binding of HMGB1 within the complex. Furthermore, mutational analysis failed to identify a specific HMGB1 target sequence. The effect of HMGB1 on Rta could be reproduced by individual HMG domains, yeast HMO1, or bacterial HU. These results, combined with the effects of single-amino-acid substitutions within the DNA-binding surface of HMGB1 domain A, argue for a mechanism whereby DNA-binding and bending by HMGB1 stimulate Rta-DNA complex formation in the absence of direct interaction with Rta or a specific HMGB1 target sequence. The data contrast with our analysis of HMGB1 action on another BHLF-1 regulatory protein called ZEBRA. We discuss the two distinct modes of HMGB1 action on a single regulatory region and propose how HMGB1 can function in diverse contexts.
Negative life events in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between negative life events and demographic and clinical variables in youth with bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (NOS), as well as to compare the rates of life events in youth with bipolar disorder, depressive and/or anxiety disorders (DEP-ANX), and healthy controls. METHOD Subjects included 446 youth, aged 7 to 17 years, meeting DSM-IV criteria for bipolar I, bipolar II, or an operationalized definition of bipolar disorder NOS, and were enrolled in the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Illness in Youth study. Subjects completed the Life Events Checklist. Sixty-five DEP-ANX and 65 healthy youth were obtained from previous studies using similar methodology. The study was conducted from October 2000 to July 2006. RESULTS Older age, lower socioeconomic status, living with nonintact family, non-Caucasian race, anxiety, and disruptive disorders were associated with greater number of total negative life events. Specifically, increased independent, dependent, and uncertain negative life events were associated with lower socioeconomic status, nonintact family, and comorbid disruptive disorders. Increased independent negative life events were additionally associated with non-Caucasian race and comorbid anxiety disorders. Increased dependent and uncertain negative life events were also associated with older age. DEP-ANX youth reported a similar rate of negative life events as bipolar youth, and both groups had more negative life events than the healthy controls. Bipolar youth reported fewer total and dependent positive life events compared to DEP-ANX and healthy youths. CONCLUSIONS Similar to DEP-ANX youth, bipolar youth are exposed to excessive negative independent and dependent life events, which may have implications in the long-term outcome and negative consequences associated with this disorder.
Effect of Regulated Overexpression of the MADS Domain Factor AGL15 on Flower Senescence and Fruit Maturation1

We have examined the effect of regulated overexpression of AGL15, a member of the MADS domain family of regulatory factors, on reproductive tissues. Using molecular and physiological markers, we show that constitutive overexpression of AGL15 in Arabidopsis leads to delay and down-regulation of senescence programs in perianth organs and developing fruits and alters the process of seed desiccation. Through genetic crosses, we show that the rate of water loss in the maturing seeds is dictated by the genetic composition and physiological state of the maternal tissue, rather than the embryo. To define the developmental time and/or place when senescence programs are most affected by elevated AGL15 levels, we expressed AGL15 under the control of various promoters. Expression during senescence or in abscission zone cells did not produce delays in floral organ senescence or abscission. Using a glucocorticoid-inducible expression system, we show that an increase in AGL15 levels around the time of flower opening is necessary to delay senescence and increase floral organ longevity.
Symptoms and responses to critical incidents in paramedics who have experienced childhood abuse and neglect

Background Mental and physical symptoms are common in paramedics, which may relate to high work stress, including critical incidents. As previous trauma is a risk factor for psychological symptoms after exposure to critical incidents, the prevalence of childhood experiences with abuse and neglect and paramedics' adaptation to critical incidents may be important. Methods 635 paramedics were surveyed regarding childhood experiences of physical, sexual or emotional abuse as well an index critical incident from the past, acute stress responses to that event and current mental and physical symptoms. A comparison group of 159 female hospital-based healthcare workers completed the same survey of childhood abuse and neglect in a separate study. Results 232 paramedics (36.5%) responded. Among these, physical, sexual or emotional childhood abuse was reported by 38.4%. Female paramedics reported significantly more emotional and physical abuse and neglect than female hospital workers. Paramedics who reported childhood abuse or neglect more frequently experienced signs of acute stress immediately following the index critical incident and for the following 2 weeks. Childhood abuse and neglect were associated with significantly higher scores for depressive symptoms, physical symptoms and burnout, and a higher prevalence of ‘cases’ scoring above thresholds of clinical significance. Conclusion Childhood abuse may be more common in paramedics than in other healthcare workers, at least in women. Childhood abuse and neglect is associated with acute stress responses to critical incidents and to current physical and mental symptoms. These results are based on a low response rate and may not be generalisable.
Lung cancer mortality in a cohort of workers employed at a cadmium recovery plant in the United States: an analysis with detailed job histories.

OBJECTIVES: To identify and measure any relations between occupational exposure to cadmium compounds (oxide, sulphide, and sulphate) and the risk of mortality from lung cancer. METHODS: The mortality experience of 571 male production workers from a cadmium recovery facility in the United States was investigated for the period 1940-82. All study subjects were first employed in the period 1926-69; they had all been employed for at least six months between 1 January 1940 and 31 December 1969. Newly abstracted detailed job histories for the period 1926-76 were combined with assessments of exposures to cadmium over time to develop individual estimates of cumulative exposure to cadmium (total exposure and exposures received both in the presence and absence of "high" exposures to arsenic trioxide). Poisson regression was used to investigate risks of mortality from lung cancer in relation to four concentrations of cumulative exposure to cadmium (< 400, 400-999, 1000-1999, > 2000 mg.m-3.days). RESULTS: After adjustment for age attained, year of hire, and Hispanic ethnicity, there was a significant positive trend (P < 0.05) between cumulative exposure to cadmium and risks of mortality from lung cancer. Relative to a risk of unity for the lowest exposure category (first level), risks were 2.30 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.72 to 7.36), 2.83 (95% CI 0.75 to 10.72), and 3.88 (95% CI 1.04 to 14.46) for the second, third, and fourth categories, respectively. Similar findings were obtained after adjustment for age only. Trends were more pronounced when employment histories were lagged first by 10 years and then by 20 years. A separate analysis examined the independent effects of exposure to cadmium received in the presence of high exposures to arsenic trioxide (mainly cadmium oxide) and exposures to cadmium received without such exposure to arsenic (mainly cadmium sulphide and cadmium sulphate). A significant trend for a risk of lung cancer was found only for exposures to cadmium received in the presence of arsenic trioxide. CONCLUSIONS: Hypotheses which are consistent with the study findings include: (a) cadmium oxide in the presence of arsenic trioxide is a human lung carcinogen, (b) cadmium oxide and arsenic trioxide are human lung carcinogens and cadmium sulphate and cadmium sulphide are not (or they are less potent carcinogens), or (c) arsenic trioxide is a human lung carcinogen and cadmium oxide, cadmium sulphate, and cadmium sulphide are not. There were only 21 deaths from lung cancer available for this analysis and it is impossible to gauge which, if any, of these hypotheses are correct.
Anaerobic biodegradation of phenolic compounds in digested sludge

We examined the anaerobic degradation of phenol and the ortho, meta, and para isomers of chlorophenol, methoxyphenol, methylphenol (cresol), and nitrophenol in anaerobic sewage sludge diluted to 10% in a mineral salts medium. Of the 12 monosubstituted phenols studied, only p-chlorophenol and o-cresol were not significantly degraded during an 8-week incubation period. The phenol compounds degraded and the time required for complete substrate disappearance (in weeks) were: phenol (2), o-chlorophenol (3), m-chlorophenol (7), o-methoxyphenol (2), m- and p-methoxyphenol (1), m-cresol (7), p-cresol (3), and o-, m-, and p-nitrophenol (1). Complete mineralization of phenol, o-chlorophenol, m-cresol, p-cresol, o-nitrophenol, p-nitrophenol, and o-, m-, and p-methoxyphenol was observed. In general, the presence of Cl and NO2 groups on phenols inhibited methane production. Elimination or transformation of these substituents was accompanied by increased methane production, o-Chlorophenol was metabolized to phenol, which indicated that dechlorination was the initial degradation step. The methoxyphenols were transformed to the corresponding dihydroxybenzene compounds, which were subsequently mineralized.
A Vectored Measles Virus Induces Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Antibodies While Protecting Macaques against Measles Virus Challenge

ABSTRACT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) acute and chronic infections remain a major worldwide health problem. Towards developing an anti-HBV vaccine with single-dose scheme potential, we engineered infectious measles virus (MV) genomic cDNAs with a vaccine strain background and expression vector properties. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) expression cassettes were inserted into this cDNA and three MVs expressing HBsAg at different levels generated. All vectored MVs, which secrete HBsAg as subviral particles, elicited humoral responses in MV-susceptible genetically modified mice. However, small differences in HBsAg expression elicited vastly different HBsAg antibody levels. The two vectors inducing the highest HBsAg antibody levels were inoculated into rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). After challenge with a pathogenic MV strain (Davis87), control naive monkeys showed a classic measles rash and high viral loads. In contrast, all monkeys immunized with vaccine or a control nonvectored recombinant vaccine or HBsAg-expressing vectored MV remained healthy, with low or undetectable viral loads. After a single vaccine dose, only the vector expressing HBsAg at the highest levels elicited protective levels of HBsAg antibodies in two of four animals. These observations reveal an expression threshold for efficient induction of HBsAg humoral immune responses. This threshold is lower in mice than in macaques. Implications for the development of divalent vaccines based on live attenuated viruses are discussed.
Stigma and Status

This article explicates and distinguishes the processes that produce status orders and those that produce stigmatization. It describes an experimental study in which participants were assigned interaction partners before completing a task where they had opportunities to be influenced by the partners and opportunities to socially reject the partners. Results show clear influence effects of educational attainment and mental illness but no effects for physical disability. Social distance effects are present for mental illness and physical disability but not for educational attainment. Results additionally show that stigmatizing attributes combine with task ability in affecting influence and also suggest that task ability may reduce social rejection. These results indicate that stigmatizing attributes combine with status markers in a way similar to previously studied status attributes. The findings extend traditions of research on status and stigma while also having potentially important implications for strategies to reduce inequalities based on mental illness.
Prevalence of concomitant disease in patients with iron deficiency anaemia.

How to investigate patients presenting with iron deficiency anaemia is a matter of debate. Undoubtedly one of the commonest lethal, but potentially curable, causes is colonic carcinoma, the second most common cancer in both men and women in the West. Despite this, the colon may not be investigated if an acceptable cause for the anaemia has been found on upper gastrointestinal investigations. Clinically important concomitant disease, such as benign upper gastrointestinal disease associated with colonic cancer, has been reported in up to 7% of anaemic patients,1 2 3 yet combined upper and lower gastrointestinal investigations are carried out in only a minority of cases with iron deficiency anaemia.4 We examined the records of 89 consecutive patients referred with iron deficiency anaemia and at least two positive faecal occult blood results between 1989 and 1992. Iron deficiency anaemia was defined by a haemoglobin concentration of <110 g/l in association with a mean corpuscular volume of <80 fl and either a serum ferritin concentration of <10 mg/l or an appropriate response to iron supplementation. Patients were either followed up or their case notes were reviewed or their general practitioner was contacted. The case notes of all patients were reviewed in July 1995, a minimum of three years after initial presentation. We identified “acceptable” causes for the anaemia in 67 patients (table 1)). Six patients had concomitant disease; in three potentially curative surgery was delayed because of the gastroscopy findings (box). Cases 1-7-and a more recent case (8)-show the importance of not ascribing the cause of iron deficiency anaemia to a lesion in …
Fault detection of a non-linear continuous stirred tank heater based on SVM

Industrial big data has created a challenge for data measurement, detection, and processing. This paper shows that support vector machine (SVM) is extremely useful in detecting fault information in modern complex industrial processes. With a pilot plant of Continuous Stirred Tank Heater (CSTH) process, the SVM method with radial basis function (RBF) kernels is tested on the CSTH database and compared with an improved Partial Least Squares (IPLS) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The performance of SVM is validated using k-fold cross-validation where the classifier based on SVM outperforms those based on PCA and IPLS. These comparisons show that SVM has remarkable detection performance and satisfying elapsed time. From an industrial point of view, the vitality of SVM algorithm in actual industrial process is discussed.
Molecular diagnostics: a new frontier in cancer prevention

The promise of molecular diagnostics for cancer prevention in terms of early detection rests on two premises: assays can be developed to measure proteins, DNA, RNA or metabolites that accurately and reproducibly detect incipient neoplasias; and that this early detection will eventually result in a decrease in morbidity and mortality and therefore benefit patients. Novel molecular technologies, including laser capture microdissection, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, DNA microarrays, tissue arrays, protein microarrays and antibody microarrays, are being developed to investigate the molecular differences between disease and normal cells and detect cancer-specific alterations in proteins, DNA and RNA in body fluids. Although literally hundreds of articles are published each year describing alterations in genes or proteins that are associated with cancer, very few result in useful molecular diagnostics for early cancer detection. Thus, there remains a critical need for new biomarkers for use in early detection and for assay methods that allow the translation of these biomarkers from the laboratory to the clinic.
Modelling and Analysing Dynamic Linked Data using RDF and SPARQL

Analyses of dynamic Linked Data are inherently dependent on changes in RDF graphs (logical level) and what happens on the HTTP and networking level (physical level). However, these dependencies have been reflected in previous works only to a limited extent, which may lead to inaccurate conclusions about the dynamics of the data. To overcome this limitation, we tackle the problem of modelling dynamic Linked Data to capture changes both at the logical and physical level of Linked Data. We present our work in progress in this paper. We propose an RDF model of descriptions of both the HTTP requests/responses/networking errors made when downloading, and the RDF data thus obtained. The model allows for carrying out more comprehensive analyses of dynamic Linked Data in a declarative fashion. We present a processing pipeline to distil such modelled RDF data from datasets created using LDspider, such as the Dynamic Linked Data Observatory. We show the usefulness of our model by repeating three analyses of a previous paper on the Dynamic Linked Data Observatory using SPARQL queries, which we executed on data that follows our proposed model on three SPARQL engines.
Spirituality: Explicit and implicit. Hindrances to the scientific status of research on spirituality?

Although spirituality is a popular subject of research in many fields of science about man today, there still are problems with defining it. Their causes, at least in psychology, though unfounded, include distortions reflecting the scientist’s personal bias: apologetic on the one hand and anti-fideist on the other. Bias of the first type often stems from the beliefs, held by the author of a given concept, that go beyond the paradigm of science. This refers to two concepts recognizing the existence of the spiritual dimension of the human being as substantially different from the psychological dimension: V. E. Frankl’s logotheory, being a concept of the spiritual dimension as the source of the need for meaning, and D. Helminiak’s concept, according to which spirituality is the realization of the principle of authentic transcendence of the self. Such concepts are referred to as explicit. However, there are also explicit concepts of spirituality acceptable in academic psychology; the described example is the concept of spirituality developed by J. Averill. Bias of the second type dominated Western psychology for a long time. It may be the cause for the term “spirituality” not being used by the authors of the concepts whose distinctive features appear in this article. These are the implicit concepts of spirituality. Their three examples are: Terror Management Theory (developed by T. Pyszczynski, J. Greenberg, and S. Solomon), the Meaning Maintenance Model (authored mainly by T. Proulx and S. Heine), and Jozef Kozielecki’s transgressive concept of man. They include similar elements, but the transgressive concept appears to be the most useful. The conclusion contains proposals of research using the ideas of meaning, coping with absurdity, and the form of transgression as ones that lead to spiritual transformation.