Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lance-adams syndrome: a report of two cases

Chronic post-hypoxic myoclonus, also known as Lance-Adams syndrome (LAS), is a rare complication of successful cardiopulmanry resuscitation often accompanied by action myoclonus and cerebellar ataxia. It is seen in patients who have undergone a cardiorespiratory arrest, regained consciousness afterwards, and then developed myoclonus days or weeks after the event. Worldwide, 122 cases have been reported in the literature so far, including 1 case of Chinese. Here we report 2 Chinese LAS patients with detailed neuroimagings. Cranial single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of patient 1, a 52-year-old woman, showed a mild hypoperfusion in her left temporal lobe, whereas patient 2, a 54-year-old woman, manifested a mild bilateral decrease of glucose metabolism in the frontal lobes and a mild to moderate decrease of the N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) peak in the bilateral hippocampi by cranial [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic (PET) scan and cranial magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), respectively. We also review the literature on the neuroimaging, pathogenesis, and treatment of LAS.
Gene profiling approaches help to define the specific functions of retinoblastoma family in epidermis

The epidermal‐specific ablation of Rb gene leads to increased proliferation, aberrant differentiation, and the disengagement of these processes in vivo and in vitro. These differences in phenotype are more severe with the loss of p107, demonstrating the functional compensation between pRb and p107. As p107 and p130 also exert overlapping functions in epidermis, we have generated RbF19/F19K14cre;Rbl2−/− (pRb−;p130−) mice to analyze possible functional redundancies between pRb and p130. The epidermal phenotype was very similar between pRb− and pRb−;p130− mice, suggesting that pRb and p130 activities are not redundant in epidermis. Importantly, we can correlate the proliferation differences with specific changes in gene expression between pRb−, pRb−;p107− and pRb−;p130− primary keratinocytes using microarray analysis, and explain the phenotypes in the context of altered E2F expression and functionality. Our findings support a model in which the distinct retinoblastoma family members, in conjunction with E2F members, play a central role in regulating epidermal homeostasis through specific or overlapping activities. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multilevel Design Optimization and Operation of a Brushless Double Mechanical Port Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Motor

This paper proposes a brushless double mechanical port flux-switching permanent-magnet motor for potential application in hybrid electric vehicles. To realize the design objectives of high-torque capability, low-torque ripple, and low-magnetic coupling between the inner and outer motors, a new multilevel design optimization method is proposed to conduct a multiobjectives optimization. First, by adopting the comprehensive sensitivity approach, the whole optimization design process is divided into three levels: nonsensitive level, mild-sensitive level, and strong-sensitive level. Then, to improve the whole design efficiency, the response surface method and multiobjective genetic algorithm are applied in the mild-sensitive level and strong-sensitive level, respectively. Based on the proposed design method, a compromise design among the three design objectives is considered and realized. Finally, a prototype motor is built to verify the validity of the proposed design method and motor operation.
Rectal distention testing in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of pain sensory thresholds.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Visceral hypersensitivity was detected in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders and has been proposed as a biological marker of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and the predictive values of pain thresholds evaluated by rectal distention using an electronic barostat in patients with or without IBS and in control subjects. METHODS Patients were diagnosed according to Rome II criteria. Rectal sensory thresholds were determined in 164 patients (86 IBS patients, 26 painless constipation, 21 functional dyspepsia, and 31 miscellaneous conditions) and in 25 normal controls. All subjects underwent a series of rectal isobaric distentions using an electronic barostat. The bag was progressively distended from 0 to 48 mm Hg and, in response to distention, subjects reported on discomfort or pain. RESULTS Pain thresholds were lower in IBS patients (30.4 +/- 6.7 mm Hg) compared with controls (44.5 +/- 5), painless constipated (45.4 +/- 5.3), functional dyspepsia (39.4 +/- 7.8), and miscellaneous patients (43.2 +/- 5.5). At the level of 40 mm Hg, the sensitivity of the rectal barostat to identify IBS patients from normal subjects and non-IBS patients was 95.5% and its specificity was 71.8%. The positive predictive value was 85.4%. The negative predictive value was 90.2%. CONCLUSIONS Lowered rectal pain threshold is a hallmark of IBS patients. Rectal barostat testing is useful to confirm the diagnosis of IBS and to discriminate IBS from other causes of abdominal pain.
Disordered form of the scaffold protein IscU is the substrate for iron-sulfur cluster assembly on cysteine desulfurase

The scaffold protein for iron-sulfur cluster assembly, apo-IscU, populates two interconverting conformational states, one disordered (D) and one structured (S) as revealed by extensive NMR assignments. At pH 8 and 25 °C, approximately 70% of the protein is S, and the lifetimes of the states are 1.3 s (S) and 0.50 s (D). Zn(II) and Fe(II) each bind and stabilize structured (S-like) states. Single amino acid substitutions at conserved residues were found that shift the equilibrium toward either the S or the D state. Cluster assembly takes place in the complex between IscU and the cysteine desulfurase, IscS, and our NMR studies demonstrate that IscS binds preferentially the D form of apo-IscU. The addition of 10% IscS to IscU was found to greatly increase H/D exchange at protected amides of IscU, to increase the rate of the S → D reaction, and to decrease the rate of the D → S reaction. In the saturated IscU:IscS complex, IscU is largely disordered. In vitro cluster assembly reactions provided evidence for the functional importance of the S⇆D equilibrium. IscU variants that favor the S state were found to undergo a lag phase, not observed with the wild type, that delayed cluster assembly; variants that favor the D state were found to assemble less stable clusters at an intermediate rate without the lag. It appears that IscU has evolved to exist in a disordered conformational state that is the initial substrate for the desulfurase and to convert to a structured state that stabilizes the cluster once it is assembled.
The CRAY-1 computer system

This paper describes the CRAY-1, discusses the evolution of its architecture, and gives an account of some of the problems that were overcome during its manufacture. The CRAY-1 is the only computer to have been built to date that satisfies ERDA's Class VI requirement (a computer capable of processing from 20 to 60 million floating point operations per second) [1]. The CRAY-1's Fortran compiler (CFT) is designed to give the scientific user immediate access to the benefits of the CRAY-1's vector processing architecture. An optimizing compiler, CFT, “vectorizes” innermost DO loops. Compatible with the ANSI 1966 Fortran Standard and with many commonly supported Fortran extensions, CFT does not require any source program modifications or the use of additional nonstandard Fortran statements to achieve vectorization. Thus the user's investment of hundreds of man months of effort to develop Fortran programs for other contemporary computers is protected.
Feline morbillivirus, a previously undescribed paramyxovirus associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis in domestic cats

We describe the discovery and isolation of a paramyxovirus, feline morbillivirus (FmoPV), from domestic cat (Felis catus). FmoPV RNA was detected in 56 (12.3%) of 457 stray cats (53 urine, four rectal swabs, and one blood sample) by RT-PCR. Complete genome sequencing of three FmoPV strains showed genome sizes of 16,050 bases, the largest among morbilliviruses, because of unusually long 5′ trailer sequences of 400 nt. FmoPV possesses identical gene contents (3′-N-P/V/C-M-F-H-L-5′) and is phylogenetically clustered with other morbilliviruses. IgG against FmoPV N protein was positive in 49 sera (76.7%) of 56 RT-PCR–positive cats, but 78 (19.4%) of 401 RT-PCR–negative cats (P < 0.0001) by Western blot. FmoPV was isolated from CRFK feline kidney cells, causing cytopathic effects with cell rounding, detachment, lysis, and syncytia formation. FmoPV could also replicate in subsequent passages in primate Vero E6 cells. Infected cell lines exhibited finely granular and diffuse cytoplasmic fluorescence on immunostaining for FmoPV N protein. Electron microscopy showed enveloped virus with typical “herringbone” appearance of helical N in paramyxoviruses. Histological examination of necropsy tissues in two FmoPV-positive cats revealed interstitial inflammatory infiltrate and tubular degeneration/necrosis in kidneys, with decreased cauxin expression in degenerated tubular epithelial cells, compatible with tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN). Immunohistochemical staining revealed FmoPV N protein-positive renal tubular cells and mononuclear cells in lymph nodes. A case-control study showed the presence of TIN in seven of 12 cats with FmoPV infection, but only two of 15 cats without FmoPV infection (P < 0.05), suggesting an association between FmoPV and TIN.
Risk factors for bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: a population‐based study on Danish women

Background. No larger population‐based study of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy has previously been available. The objective of this study was to examine risk factors for bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. Design. From a prospective population‐based cohort of 3,596 eligible pregnant women, 2,927 (81.4%) completed the study. Methods. Women were asked to participate in this study at their first prenatal visit at 17 gestational weeks (range 7 + 3–24 + 0). Samples from the genital tract were taken at enrolment. Bacterial vaginosis was determined by Amsel's clinical criteria (3 out of 4: pH > 4.5, homogenous discharge, clue cells, and positive amine test). Data were collected from three questionnaires completed during the second and third trimesters and correlated with the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Crude and adjusted relative risks (reproductive, medical, behavioral, sexual, and sociodemographic factors) were computed. Results. At enrolment, bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed in 13.7% of Danish pregnant women. Significant risk factors for bacterial vaginosis were: daily coitus (adjusted relative risk 2.09 [1.43–3.04]), being single (1.76 [1.21–2.56]), smoking more than 10 cigarettes daily at conception (1.59 [1.29–1.93]), previous genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1.39 [1.07–1.79]), and consuming 2 or more drinks per week (1.33 [1.02–1.74]) after control for confounding factors. Conclusion. In pregnancy, women who have daily coitus, are single, smokers, with a previous sexually transmitted disease, or with high alcohol consumption in pregnancy are at increased risk for bacterial vaginosis. Information on these risk factors may be important when planning preventive and treatment strategies of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy.
Temperature influence on coulometric trace humidity measurement

Planar coulometric sensors were tested in humidified synthetic air at various gas temperatures. Generated frost point temperature in the gas ranged from −30 °C to −60 °C and were measured by coulometric sensors and in addition by a calibrated dew point hygrometer. The gas temperatures, which were measured by a calibrated Pt100 sensor, were set to −20 °C, 0 °C, 23 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C during the experiments. Empiric nonlinear functions were calculated between the generated humidity and the sensor signals. In comparison to the measured signal at 23 °C, the sensor signals were lower at the other gas temperatures. The measurements at 60 °C showed indistinct results due to a great signal noise. The response behavior of the sensors was similar at 23 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C. In contrast to that, the sensors reacted slowly at a gas temperature of −20 °C and 0 °C. In summary, with coulometric sensors it was possible to measure continuously trace humidity with an expanded uncertainty below 2 K.
Fast algorithm for computing spectral transforms of Boolean and multiple-valued functions on circuit representation

In this paper we present a fast algorithm for computing the value of a spectral transform of Boolean or multiple-valued functions for a given assignment of input variables. Our current implementation is for arithmetic transform, because our work is primarily aimed at optimizing the performance of probabilistic verification methods. However, the presented technique is equally applicable for other discrete transforms, e.g. Walsh or Reed-Muller transforms. Previous methods for computing spectral transforms used truth tables, sum-of-product expressions, or various derivatives of decision diagrams. They were fundamentally limited by the excessive memory requirements of these data structures. We present a new algorithm that partitions the computation of the spectral transform based on the dominator relations of the circuit graph representing the function to be transformed. As a result, the presented algorithm can handle larger functions than previously possible.
Cognitive radio: making software radios more personal

Software radios are emerging as platforms for multiband multimode personal communications systems. Radio etiquette is the set of RF bands, air interfaces, protocols, and spatial and temporal patterns that moderate the use of the radio spectrum. Cognitive radio extends the software radio with radio-domain model-based reasoning about such etiquettes. Cognitive radio enhances the flexibility of personal services through a radio knowledge representation language. This language represents knowledge of radio etiquette, devices, software modules, propagation, networks, user needs, and application scenarios in a way that supports automated reasoning about the needs of the user. This empowers software radios to conduct expressive negotiations among peers about the use of radio spectrum across fluents of space, time, and user context. With RKRL, cognitive radio agents may actively manipulate the protocol stack to adapt known etiquettes to better satisfy the user's needs. This transforms radio nodes from blind executors of predefined protocols to radio-domain-aware intelligent agents that search out ways to deliver the services the user wants even if that user does not know how to obtain them. Software radio provides an ideal platform for the realization of cognitive radio.
An Improved Fast Algorithm for Calculating the Gradient of Data Field

It is an important part of extracting the border in volume visualization for computing gradient feature of spatial data accurately and rapidly. The traditional method of volume visualization is to resample the data of model or observation distributing on non-uniform grids of three-dimensional Euclidean space by trilinear interpolation to uniform grids, then calculate gradient features of all grid vertex data. This paper designs an improved algorithm, based on properties of equal partial derivatives along axis after data linear interpolation, it removes a large number of repetitive calculations and redundant storage of partial derivatives, in traditional method. Finally, this paper verifies the algorithm validity with visualization experiments using the MHD simulation data to extract the magnetopause.
Gravitational radiation from a particle in circular orbit around a black hole. III. Stability of circular orbits under radiation reaction.

We use the Teukolsky perturbation formalism to show that (i) a particle in circular motion around a nonrotating black hole remains in a circular orbit under the influence of radiation reaction, and (ii) circular orbits are stable only if the orbital radius is greater than a critical radius rc -~ 6.6792M, where M is the mass of the black hole. A circular orbit is stable if, when slightly perturbed so that it acquires a small eccentricity, the radiation reaction decreases the eccentricity; a circular orbit is unstable if the radiation reaction increases the eccentricity. Our analysis is restricted by four major assumptions: (i) the black hole is nonrotating, (ii) the eccentricity is always small, (iii) the gravitational perturbations are linear, and (iv) the adiabatic approximation (that the radiation reaction takes place over a time scale much larger than the orbital period) is valid. On the other hand, our analysis is not limited to weak-field, slow-motion situations; it is valid for particle motion in strong gravitational fields.
Automated assessment of drusen using three-dimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

PURPOSE To compare automated assessment of macular drusen delineated by the authors' originally developed algorithm on three-dimensional (3D) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with the assessment by certified graders on color fundus photographs in nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Automated assessment of macular drusen was performed using raster scan by 3D OCT scans in 18 eyes with nonneovascular AMD with at least one large druse (≥125 μm) and predominantly soft indistinct drusen. Drusen was defined as the regions that have the distance between the retinal pigment epithelium and calculated Bruch's membrane lines > predefined threshold distances. The agreement was assessed on maximum drusen size and drusen area within grid between 3D SD-OCT and color fundus photographs, and false-negative and false-positive drusen at each threshold distance. RESULTS There was agreement or agreement within one step in all eyes in maximum drusen size, and 15 (83.3%) of the eyes in the drusen area, except 6 pixels, regardless of threshold distances. However, the number of eyes with exact agreement in the drusen area increased when the threshold distances were smaller than 4 pixels. In the three cases with disagreement in the drusen area, false-negative drusen on 3D SD-OCT were characterized by being small in area and height. CONCLUSIONS Automated assessment of drusen parameters based on the authors' algorithm on 3D SD-OCT, which was limited by the poor detection ability of small drusen, showed good agreement with the assessment by certified graders on color fundus photography in these subjects.
A Comparison of the Effects of 6 Weeks of Traditional Resistance Training, Plyometric Training, and Complex Training on Measures of Strength and Anthropometrics

MacDonald, CJ, Lamont, HS, and Garner, JC. A comparison of the effects of six weeks of traditional resistance training, plyometric training, and complex training on measures of strength and anthropometrics. J Strength Cond Res 26(2): 422–431, 2012—Complex training (CT; alternating between heavy and lighter load resistance exercises with similar movement patterns within an exercise session) is a form of training that may potentially bring about a state of postactivation potentiation, resulting in increased dynamic power (Pmax) and rate of force development during the lighter load exercise. Such a method may be more effective than either modality, independently for developing strength. The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of resistance training (RT), plyometric training (PT), and CT on lower body strength and anthropometrics. Thirty recreationally trained college-aged men were trained using 1 of 3 methods: resistance, plyometric, or complex twice weekly for 6 weeks. The participants were tested pre, mid, and post to assess back squat strength, Romanian dead lift (RDL) strength, standing calf raise (SCR) strength, quadriceps girth, triceps surae girth, body mass, and body fat percentage. Diet was not controlled during this study. Statistical measures revealed a significant increase for squat strength (p = 0.000), RDL strength (p = 0.000), and SCR strength (p = 0.000) for all groups pre to post, with no differences between groups. There was also a main effect for time for girth measures of the quadriceps muscle group (p = 0.001), the triceps surae muscle group (p = 0.001), and body mass (p = 0.001; post hoc revealed no significant difference). There were main effects for time and group × time interactions for fat-free mass % (RT: p = 0.031; PT: p = 0.000). The results suggest that CT mirrors benefits seen with traditional RT or PT. Moreover, CT revealed no decrement in strength and anthropometric values and appears to be a viable training modality.
Synthesis of a Framework of Design Guidelines for m-Learning Environments - A Study in a Tertiary Education Context in South Africa

Smartphones and tablets are ubiquitous in educational contexts, where on-the-move students expect access to learning material via a range of digital devices in a mobile and transparent manner, whether they are on or off campus. A successful m-learning experience can be facilitated by a mobile learning environment which is efficient, effective and satisfies the usersâ many needs. An ad hoc design and development strategy which ignores design and development guidelines limits the likelihood of successful m-learning experiences. This study was implemented in a tertiary education context and aimed to establish a framework of design and development guidelines for m-learning environments from two perspectives. Firstly, an initial set of themes and guidelines was synthesized from a comprehensive literature study. Subsequently, a series of four sequential empirical studies comprising iterative evaluations by experts (heuristic evaluations) and students (questionnaires) of an m-learning application, Mobile Learning Research (m-LR), led to new themes and guidelines. These guidelines were gleaned from qualitative findings comprising positive and negative evaluator feedback from the two final studies. Both the initial theoretical sources and subsequent empirical findings contributed to a comprehensive and cohesive set of design guidelines for m-learning environments.
Respiratory Support for Pharmacologically Induced Hypoxia in Neonatal Calves

Practical methods to provide respiratory support to bovine neonates in a field setting are poorly characterised. This study evaluated the response of healthy neonatal calves with pharmacologically induced respiratory suppression to nasal oxygen insufflation and to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivered via an off-the-shelf device. Ten calves were randomised to receive either nasal oxygen insufflation (Group 1, n = 5) or CPAP (Group 2, n = 5) as a first treatment after induction of respiratory depression by intravenous administration of xylazine, fentanyl, and diazepam. Calves received the alternate treatment after 10 minutes of breathing ambient air. Arterial blood gas samples were obtained prior to sedation, following sedation, following the first and second treatment, and after breathing ambient air before and after the second treatment. Oxygen insufflation significantly increased arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) but was also associated with significant hypercapnia. When used as the first treatment, CPAP was associated with significantly decreased arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide but did not increase PaO2. These results suggest that the use of CPAP may represent a practical method for correction of hypercapnia associated with inadequate ventilation in a field setting, and further research is required to characterise the use of CPAP with increased inspired oxygen concentrations.