Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sublethal damage of Escherichia coli by lung lavage.

Incubation of Escherichia coli (10(4)/ml) in cell-free rabbit lung lavage for 30 min at 37 degree C resulted in a 70% reduction in microbial counts on deoxycholate agar but no decrease on blood agar. This effect was not due to agglutination, and the order of exposure was important, i.e., activity was seen only if lavage incubation proceeded deoxycholate treatment. After high speed centrifugation of lung lavage (50,000 X g), activity remained in the supernatant and not in the surfactant pellet, Ultrafiltration of the supernatant (UM to filter) yielded an active ultrafiltrate and an inactive retent. Ultrafiltrate activity was unaffected by heating to 95 degrees C but could be removed by treatment with trypsin or bentonite. Sephadex G-15 fractionation of lyophilized ultrafiltrate yielded three active peptide peaks. Electron photomicrographs showed that incubation with the initial G-15 peak followed by deoxycholate resulted in the disappearance of intracellular material in about half the cells, a finding not seen with deoxycholate or peptide along, and EDTA reversed activity of the G-15 peptide and ultrafiltrate. Rabbit lung lavage contains a complex antimicrobial system that facilitates bile acid destruction of bacteria.
Mobile Small cells in Cellular Heterogeneous Networks

The unprecedented soaring demand for capacity and coverage on cellular networks is challenging and straining operators. The current improvements in cellular standards are significantly behind the exponential growth in requirements. Cellular operators are currently shifting towards Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) as the most promising solution to meet user demands; by using a mix of Macro Base Stations (MBSs) and Small Base Stations (SBSs). Recently, several cellular operators have started outdoor deployments of small cells to enhance service in high-dense areas (e.g., downtown areas). In this thesis we assess and propose HetNet solutions that capitalize on SBS deployments to boost capacity and coverage under varying scenarios. Initially we investigate the core challenge of SBS placement in high-demand outdoor zones. We propose dynamic placement strategies (DPS) for SBSs, and present two models that optimize placement while minimizing service delivery cost when feasibility is the core challenge, and minimizing macrocells utilization as their deployment, compared to small cells, pose a constant challenges. Both problems are formulated as Mixed Integer Linear Programs (MILPs). These solutions are contrasted to two greedy schemes which we have presented and evaluated over extensive simulations. Our simulation results demonstrate that our proposed DPS achieve significant reductions of service delivery cost
The Influence of Relational Selling Behavior on Relationship Quality: The Moderating Effect of Perceived Price and Customers’ Relationship Proneness

In the highly competitive market, an important task of enterprises is finding ways to improve relationship quality between customers and their service provider. The service provider's relational selling behavior is likely to have an influence on relationship quality. However, the influence may be moderated. This study focuses on two moderators: perceived price and customers’ relationship proneness. The results of this study contribute to the use of the relational selling behavior strategy.
CONSUMER PERCEPTION OF CORPORATE DONATIONS Effects of Company Reputation for Social Responsibility and Type of Donation

In cause-related marketing (CRM), a company agrees to donate money to a charity each time a consumer engages in a revenue-producing transaction with the firm. Since the company benefits first before any obligation to donate is accrued, consumers might perceive this practice to be less altruistic than an unconditional donation to a cause. If so, CRM could backfire, injuring corporate image. This study investigated the effects of type of donation (conditional or not conditional upon corporate revenue) and reputation of the firm making the donation (firms described as scrupulous, average, or irresponsible in the discharge of their social responsibility) on consumer regard for the firm; perceived mercenary intent of the firm; and whether the social performance of the company is consistent with "good" management. Consumer responses were predicted based on the contrast effect and attribution theory. Results suggest that irresponsible firms increased their favor with consumers by pursuing either type of donation. The average firm enhanced its image by pursuing an unconditional donation, but a conditional donation did not damage firm image. Perception of the scrupulous firm was little changed after unconditional donation, but a scrupulous firm suffered a loss of favor by pursuing CRM. It is concluded that the average firm does not risk a loss of public goodwill when using CRM.
Feedback management for scaling clients in streaming multicast

The increase in the number of mobile devices accessing the Internet creates new problems. A specific case is when a large number of wireless clients try to access the same video stream in the same hot spot, which requires multicast transmission. However, multicast packets are unconfirmed and to compensate their higher loss rate we propose using a feedback repeat request mechanism per client. Then, the number of clients is scaled up by adequately scheduling their feedback in the streaming server. This mechanism also allows managing the QoS provided to the clients controlling their feedback rate independently. Our preliminary results confirm the desired scalability with reliable streaming.
A PSO APPROACH FOR SOLVING VRPTW WITH REAL CASE STUDY

During the past few years, there have been tremendous efforts on improving the cost of logistics using varieties of models for vehicle routing problems. In fact, the recent rise on fuel prices has motivated many to reduce the cost of transportation associated with their business through an improved implementation of VRP systems. In this paper, we study the VRP with time windows. We propose a particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the given VRPTW. A computational experiment is carried out by running the proposed PSO with the VRPTW benchmark data set of Solomon. The associated results show that this algorithm is able to provide good solutions that are very close to its optimal solutions for problems with 25 customers within reasonably computational time. Furthermore, our proposed PSO is used for a real-world case study of a Chlorine Capsule distribution company to the water reservoir in Tehran. The related results indicate that the algorithm can reduce the cost and time significantly.
Workshop on Semantic Business Process and Product Lifecycle Management (SBPM 2007)

Despite of increasing software support for Business Process Management (BPM), currently there is still a low degree of automation in the BPM lifecycle, especially when it comes to bridge between the business and IT view on business processes. The goal of Semantic Business Process Management is to achieve more automation in BPM by using semantic technologies. In this paper, we describe on a conceptual level how ontologies and semantic web service technologies can be used throughout the BPM lifecycle, consisting of process modeling, implementation, execution, and analysis phases. The use of semantics in BPM results in new functionality a Semantic Business Process Management System (SBPMS) has to implement. For each phase of the BPM lifecycle, we identify the new functional requirements for a SBPMS, and explain the benefits of adopting semantic technologies in SBPM.
Information available on a web site: effects on consumers' shopping outcomes

Purpose – This research aims to examine how the amount of information provided on a web site affects consumers' perceived risk, satisfaction, intention to revisit, and purchase intent.Design/methodology/approach – A convenience sample of 220 female college students participated in an online experiment. Confirmatory factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, and structural equation modeling were conducted.Findings – Significant main effects were found for amount of information on consumers' perceived risk and satisfaction; significant causal relationships were found among perceived risk, satisfaction, intention to revisit, and purchase intent.Research limitations/implications – Generalizing the findings of the study is limited by the use of only female college student participants and the use of a single type of online retailing. Therefore, future research should consider varied samples and a variety of types of online retail settings to generalize the findings.Practical implications – The study d.
Partial or Full Acquisition: Influences of Institutional Pressures on Acquisition Entry Strategy of Multinational Enterprises

Expertly written by leading scholars from a range of different starting points, this compendium presents a synthesis of recent work relating to institutionally-informed accounts from transitional and emerging markets, as well as from mature economies. It specifically focuses on the linkage between institutions and what goes on inside firms, and the relationship between setting, strategic choice and systemic outcomes.
On the Closed-Loop Stability of Constrained QDMC

The presence of constraints in the on-line optimization problem solved by Model Predictive Control algorithms results in a nonlinear control system, even if the plant and model dynamics are linear. This is the case both for physical constraints, like saturation constraints, as well for performance or safety constraints on outputs or other variables of the process. This paper discusses how constraints affect the stability properties of the closed-loop nonlinear system. In particular we concentrate on presenting a formulation that allows one to relate hard as well as soft constraints to stability. The degree of softening can be determined to guarantee stability.
Regulation, Supervisión and Accounting Conservatism in Banks

The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of the three pillars of Basel II, i.e. bank regulation, supervision and market discipline, on the timeliness of loan loss provisioning by banks. In particular, we analyze explicitly how regulatory and supervisory regimes interact with the market discipline measures, such as listing status, ownership and market concentration. Using a sample of 14,651 bank-year observations covering 54 countries over the period 1997-2009, we provide empirical evidence suggesting that a) the stringency of the regulatory and supervisory regimes is positively associated with accounting conservatism; b) unlisted banks and commercial banks are more conservative than listed entities and savings banks, respectively; and c) banks operating in more concentrated markets exhibit a lower degree of timeliness in loan loss recognition. In addition, our results suggest that strong capital requirements mitigate the effect of market concentration and governance on accounting conservatism, whereas strict regulatory regimes tend to reinforce the effect of both variables on early loan loss recognition.
Patterns of RNA synthesis in T5-infected cells. I. As studied by the technique of DNA-RNA hybridization-competition.

The RNA-labeling patterns obtained after T5 infection of Escherichia coli F agree with the patterns of protein labeling published by McCorquodale and Buchanan. (1) Three distinct classes of RNA formed sequentially during the period of viral development can be recognized by the DNA-RNA hybridization-competition technique. Class I RNA is formed within 5 minutes after the beginning of viral metabolism and corresponds to the RNA synthesized in response to infection with the 8 per cent segment of T5 DNA. Protein synthesis directed by this 8 per cent segment is required in some capacity for the cessation of class I synthesis and the beginning of the synthesis of class II at 4 to 5 min after infection. Class III RNA synthesis begins between 9 and 12 minutes. Its appearance is prevented when chloramphenicol is added immediately after complete expression of class I functions.
Modeling and Design Space of Junctionless Symmetric DG MOSFETs With Long Channel

In this paper, we investigate the technological constrains and design limitations of ultrathin body junctionless double gate MOSFET (JL DG MOSFET). Relationships between the silicon thickness and the doping concentration compatible with design requirements in terms of OFF-state-current and voltages are obtained and validated with TCAD simulations. This set of analytical expressions can be used as a guideline for technology optimization of JL DG MOSFETs.
Market reaction to negative environmental events: An event study of 10 Oil and Gas Companies I,II

Corporations often espouse their commitment to acting responsibly toward the natural environment. Previous studies have concluded that the market can punish corporations involved in negative environmental events through decreased shareholder wealth. While evidence exists linking negative environmental behaviour to significant negative abnormal returns, the generalizability of these results seem questionable when considering that some firms appearing in the Fortune 500 list are well known for their negative environmental behaviour. This event study investigates whether a firm’s market capitalization influences the eect of negative environmental events on the firm’s abnormal returns. To the best of our knowledge this eect has not yet been investigated in the literature. We consider ten oil and gas companies from the 2006 Fortune 500 list and their negative environmental events listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s database for the period from 1990 to 2006.
Cruise visitors' intention to return as land tourists and to recommend a visited destination

This study analyses cruise visitors' travel experience, their intention to return to a destination as land tourists, and the probability to recommend the destination to others. Consumer's satisfaction is evaluated by taking into account the economic production factors, human and physical capital. “Satisfaction with prices” is also included to evaluate the monetary value of the overall purchasing experience. Safety in the harbour is considered as a further attribute. The empirical data were collected via a survey of cruise ship passengers that stopped in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) during 2009. A structural equation model is developed in order to test whether the hypothesized model is consistent with the collected data. The findings reveal that overall satisfaction positively influences customers' loyalty. Loyalty is also positively influenced by prices but negatively by an unsafe perception. Finally, loyalty positively affects both the intention to return as land tourists and to recommend, though with a different magnitude.
Increasing the benefits of product‐level benchmarking for strategic eco‐efficient decision making

Purpose – Widely accepted classifications of benchmarking distinguish between different levels of benchmarking. Strategic‐level benchmarking is considered to be of a higher sophistication than product‐level benchmarking. Such strategic benchmarking would be based on process information instead of product information. The purpose of this paper is to research the possibility of obtaining strategic‐level information based on an extensive amount of product‐level benchmark data.Design/methodology/approach – The data used in this paper originate from the environmental benchmarking program of Philips Consumer Electronics (CE). Philips CE has successfully implemented benchmarking as an environmental improvement strategy for its products. Product‐level competitive benchmarking is used to assess the environmental performance of a Philips' product compared to its main economic rivals. Since the start of environmental benchmarking a considerable pool of product‐level benchmark data has been generated. This paper repo.
Knowledge-based Distances for Sequence Comparison

Apparatus for remotely supervising via a telephone line a device includes a sensor for sensing for a telephone ring signal from the telephone line. In response to the sensing of the ring signal there is generated an off-hook condition which causes the termination of the ring signal. In addition an indicator responsive to the sensor produce a melody continuously repeated with an interval between each transmitted melody. This repeated melody is transmitted to the telephone line for counting by the caller. In addition, within the apparatus, a counter counts the melodies as they are produced. A key memory connected to the counter and responsive to the telephone line is activated when a predetermined count has been counted by the counter and there is a voice signal on the line from the caller. The operation of this key memory alerts a control circuit for the reception of subsequent voice signals which permit the changing of state of a controlled device.
ACCOUNTING FOR PERMIT PRICE DIFFERENTIALS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION EMISSIONS TRADING SYSTEM

Since 2005, industrial installations regulated by the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) have been required to surrender a permit for every ton of CO2 they emit. In addition to the standard EU ETS permit — the European Union Allowance (EUA) — installations are allowed to surrender limited numbers of offsets. Offsets currently trade at a discount relative to EUAs. While it is well known that an offset limit theoretically results in a permit price differential, the current offset limit is not binding in aggregate. This thesis reconciles this nonbinding offset limit with the EUA – offset price differential. It is shown how such a limit can cause a price differential by binding for individual installations even when it is not binding in aggregate. At the same time it is shown how, under certain circumstances, barriers to entry in the offset market result in two types of behavior: installations either use offsets up to what they believe is their cap or forego them entirely. This appears consistent with empirical EU ETS behavior. Results suggest navigating the regulatory process makes up a significant portion of these barriers to entry.
An Empirical Analysis of Predatory Trading

Using account level trade data for Korean KOSPI 200 futures contracts, we provide compelling empirical evidence that large trades are systematically front run by predatory traders. Our analysis indicates that predatory traders begin correctly building positions at least two hundred trades before the arrival of a large trade and begin to unwind their positions almost immediately after the arrival of the large trade consistent with the predictions of Brunnermeier & Pedersen (2005). We find that front running increases transaction costs for large traders by exacerbating the price run up just prior to the arrival of the large trade.
A systematic assessment of empirical research on foreign entry mode

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to systematically assess the empirical support for central relationships in the empirical literature on foreign market entry mode. The reviewing method overcomes methodological limitations in past reviews. Design/methodology/approach This review provides a systematic assessment of empirical support through a simple quantitative procedure using transparent criteria for article selection. In total, 1,217 statistical tests from 119 studies published in 44 different scientific journals in the period 1997-2013 are examined across a range of dimensions. Findings Findings question the frequent use of commonly used measures (e.g. advertising intensity) and control variables (e.g. firm size) and suggest that statements about the importance of mode choice for subsidiary performance may be premature. Methodologically, this study identifies critical issues with regard to interpretation of interactions and the entry mode choice set. Research limitations/implications This study limits itself to study the direction of relationships and does not analyze effect sizes. Further, future research may benefit from broadening the entry mode choice by extending the use of multiple outcome models as well as implementing the correct interpretational tools when investigating interactions. Originality/value The review is relevant to researchers seeking an overview over the research literature or practitioners interested in the link between mode choice and subsidiary performance.
Using Nonlinear Mixed Model Technique to Determine the Optimal Tree Height Prediction Model for Black Spruce

Based on the nonlinear mixed model technique, four base height-diameter models were evaluated for black spruce. The Chapman-Richard model was chosen. Top height and basal area were incorporated into the base model. Comparison of the base and expanded models showed that, although the goodness-of-fit measures on the modelling data were improved with the inclusion of top height and basal area, the predictive accuracy of the expanded models at the subject-specific level where the predominant interest of nonlinear mixed models lies, was reduced when tested on the model validation data. This has important practical implications because more accurate individual tree height predictions can be better achieved using the base height-diameter model without requiring the addition of other variables. It also reaffirms that determining the adequacy of a model on model fitting statistics alone can be misleading. A fitted model is best judged on separate validation data.
Social network activity and contributing to an online review site

Purpose – The purpose of the studies was to test if extent of prior social media activity could predict likelihood that a consumer would post reviews on a new review website.Design/methodology/approach – Two online surveys were conducted presenting scenarios in which users were asked about prior social media activity, the number of social networks they belonged to in study one, and how actively they had posted reviews in study two. These questions were followed by descriptions of new review websites, a general local merchant review website in study one and a local restaurant review website in study two.Findings – Although demographics did a poor job of predicting who would post reviews on the new review websites, prior active social media use and review posting did modestly predict intention to post reviews on the new review websites.Research limitations/implications – This is not an experimental study and so causality cannot be claimed. Descriptively, although the results were consistent in two studies u.
A decentralized multi-framed droop-controller for improving harmonic power sharing in an islanded microgrid

The nonlinear loads in microgrid not only distort the voltage but also degrade the harmonic power distribution in a conventional droop-controlled microgrid. This paper starts with analyzing the trade-off between voltage total harmonic distortion (VTHD) and harmonic sharing effectiveness. A multi-framed droop controller is proposed to improve the harmonic power sharing without deteriorating VTHD by adjusting the equivalent impedance. The inherent output impedance of inverter is reduced by multi selected-frequency resonant (R) controllers in dq frame whereas the influence of the mismatching impedance is minored by moving-average-filtered complex impedance in αβ frame. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Integration of JIT and Logistics——JIT Logistics

Firstly, on thebasis of theLogistics andJIT, the writer generalizes the meaning and characteristic of JIT logistics. Secondly, the application of JIT logistics in the field of circulation is introduced, such as JIT purchasing, JIT distributing, JIT selling and so on. The focal point of the work is the analysis of communication exchanging. Several proposals are raised for JIT purchasing putting into effect effectively. At last, the writer analyses the key to realize the JIT logistics.