Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of Multi-Class Mycotoxins in Tartary Buckwheat by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Considering crops are susceptible to toxicogenic fungi during plantation, pre-processing and storage, an ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC-QTrap-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of the 12 most frequent mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, HT-2, T-2 toxin, ochratoxin A, fumonisin B1, B2, zearalanone, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol, in 14 batches of Tartary buckwheat cultivar, collected from different origins in Sichuan Province, China. Differing from those complicated approaches, a simple and cost-efficient pretreatment method based on dilute-and-shoot was employed. Based on optimized chromatographic and mass spectrometry conditions, these 12 mycotoxins could be analyzed with high correlation coefficients (all over 0.995), high precision (RSD 0.47–9.26%), stability (RSD 0.72–11.36%), and recovery (79.52% to 108.92%, RSD 4.35–14.27%). Furthermore, this analysis method exhibited good determination performance with little disturbance of the matrix effect. Finally, this proposed method was applied for 14 batches of Tartary buckwheat seeds, in which aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was detected in one moldy cultivar, Meigu No. 2, with its concentration exceeding the maximum residue limits set by EU regulations. The method thus established, which has significant advantages, could provide a preferred determination approach candidate for measurement of multiple mycotoxins measurement in Tartary buckwheat, even other kinds of foodstuffs.
Differential Gene Up-Regulation by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α in HEK293T Cells

Cells exposed to hypoxia respond by increasing the level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). This factor then activates a number of genes by binding to hypoxia response elements in their promoter regions. A second hypoxia-responsive factor, HIF-2, can activate many of the same genes as HIF-1. Overexpression of HIFs accompanies the pathogenesis of many tumors. It is unclear, however, as to the respective role of these factors in responsiveness to hypoxia and other stresses. To address this issue, we used microarray technology to study the genes activated in HEK293T cells by hypoxia or transfection with the alpha chain of HIF-1 (or mutant HIF-1 resistant to degradation) or HIF-2. Fifty-six genes were found to be up-regulated at least 3-fold by either hypoxia or transfection. Of these, 21 were elevated both by transfection with HIF-1alpha and with HIF-2alpha, and 14 were preferentially activated by HIF-1alpha including several involved in glycolysis. Ten genes were preferentially activated by HIF-2alpha, including two (CACNA1A and PTPRZ1) implicated in neurologic diseases. Interestingly, most HIF-2alpha-responsive genes were not substantially activated by hypoxia. An additional 10 genes were up-regulated by hypoxia but minimally activated by HIF-1alpha or HIF-2alpha transfection. Ten of the genes were studied by quantitative real-time PCR and/or by Northern blot and the results paralleled those found with microarray technology. Although confirmation in other systems will be necessary, these results indicate that whereas some genes are robustly activated by both HIF-1 and HIF-2, others can be preferentially activated by one or the other factor.
Effets macroéconomiques de la mutualisation de la dette en union monétaire

Proposals for implementing Eurobonds emerged during the Euro area crisis. Pros and cons have been presented to the European Parliament. However, there has not been any assessment of the macroeconomic effects of pooling sovereign risk. This paper aims at filling the gap. We build a DSGE model of a two-country currency union and compare macroeconomic outcomes under three scenarios of sovereign debt pooling relative to a baseline scenario where countries issue their own national sovereign bonds: 1) full pooling of debt with low-risk Eurobonds; 2) full pooling of debt with risky Eurobonds; and 3) partial pooling of debt with risk-free Eurobonds because issuance of such bonds is limited to 60% of each country? s GDP. According to our results, a country that would increase its public spending would prefer the first scenario because the fiscal multiplier would be the highest (1,9 against 1,8 in the baseline scenario). However, for the other country, the effects of the shock would be negative. A partial pooling of sovereign debt would be preferable for the latter (with a multiplier of 2,2 against ? 1 in the baseline scenario). All in all, a partial pooling could help reconcile diverging national interests among member countries of the Euro area. Classification JEL : F36, E44, E62.
SVC-Based Multivariate Control Charts for Automatic Anomaly Detection in Computer Networks

The design of multivariate control charts for automatic anomaly detection in computer networks is a challenging research issue due to the complexity of the data structure of the network operational data. In general, the design of statistical multivariate control charts is limited to a Gaussian distribution assumption or a pre-known probability distribution model, which is hardly applicable to the computer operation data. The paper is motivated by this timely need to develop SVC (support vector clustering) based multivariate control charts, which do not require the data to have a pre-known probability distribution model. The proposed method is validated through the simulations by comparing with the popularly used statistical T2 multivariate control charts. The effectiveness of the method is also demonstrated through automatic anomaly detection of typical computer intrusions.
A parallel algorithm for change detection

Change detection is an important research area in image and video processing due to wide applications in medicine, surveillance, remote sensing, geographical information processing and in defense and security. This paper presents a real-time distributed algorithm to detect changes in videos. The proposed algorithm may be used in many change detection applications that require real-time performance like CCTV Security Surveillance Camera Systems. In such applications fast change detection is very important. Many a times, we need to search a video captured by security camera for an event with significant change. Doing it manually is very time consuming and cumbersome, a fast automatic algorithm is desired in such cases. The proposed parallel algorithm runs on a cluster and detects the significant changes in real-time. The algorithm is implemented in C using MPICH2 in Linux environment and is tested over a number of videos for correctness, accuracy and execution time. The proposed approach is also compared with serial change detection techniques and gained a speedup of approximately 3.4 on cluster with 4 average machines.
An Empirical Study on the Innovation Sharing Express Box: Collaborative Consumption and the Overlay Network Design

Sharing express boxes is an effective disposal method for obsolete express packages. Its appearance also represents an unstoppable trend in the development of green logistics. This paper takes the sharing express box as research object and conducts two-stage research. In the first stage, the collaborative consumption theory and calculus are used to analyze the economic benefits that sharing express boxes bring to operators, that is, to demonstrate the feasibility of this business model from an economic perspective. In the second stage, the design of the overlay network is studied from the management science perspective. Firstly, an optimal coverage model is established considering the characteristics of the sharing express box, and cleaning costs, relocation costs, etc. are all integrated into the model. Secondly, the genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. A numerical example is described to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method. In addition, sensitivity analysis investigates the effect of hub coverage change on the results. Finally, the theoretical guidance gained from this paper can be beneficial to the sustainable development of sharing express boxes.
Deposited in DRO : 08 May 2008 Version of attached le : Other Peer-review status of attached

The goal of this paper is to study the BMN correspondence in the fermionic sector. On the field theory side, we compute matrix elements of the dilatation operator in N = 4 Super Yang-Mills for BMN operators containing two fermion impurities. Our calculations are performed up to and including O(λ′) in the ’t Hooft coupling and O(g2) in the YangMills genus counting parameter. On the string theory side, we compute the corresponding matrix elements of the interacting string Hamiltonian in string field theory, using the three-string interaction vertex constructed by Spradlin and Volovich (and subsequently elaborated by Pankiewicz and Stefanski). In string theory we use the natural string basis, and in field theory the basis which is isomorphic to it. We find that the matrix elements computed in field theory and the corresponding string amplitudes derived from the three-string vertex are, in all cases, in perfect agreement.
Exacerbation of Chronic Renovascular Hypertension and Acute Renal Failure in Heme Oxygenase-1–Deficient Mice

Abstract— Heme oxygenase (HO) is a cytoprotective enzyme that degrades heme (a potent oxidant) to generate carbon monoxide (a vasodilatory gas that has anti-inflammatory properties), bilirubin (an antioxidant derived from biliverdin), and iron (sequestered by ferritin). Because of properties of HO and its products, we hypothesized that HO would be important for the regulation of blood pressure and ischemic injury. We studied chronic renovascular hypertension in mice deficient in the inducible isoform of HO (HO-1) using a one kidney-one clip (1K1C) model of disease. Systolic blood pressure was not different between wild-type (HO-1+/+), heterozygous (HO-1+/−), and homozygous null (HO-1−/−) mice at baseline. After 1K1C surgery, HO-1+/+ mice developed hypertension (140±2 mm Hg) and cardiac hypertrophy (cardiac weight index of 5.0±0.2 mg/g) compared with sham-operated HO-1+/+ mice (108±5 mm Hg and 4.1±0.1 mg/g, respectively). However, 1K1C produced more severe hypertension (164±2 mm Hg) and cardiac hypertrophy (6.9±0.6 mg/g) in HO-1−/− mice. HO-1−/− mice also experienced a high rate of death (56%) within 72 hours after 1K1C surgery compared with HO-1+/+ (25%) and HO-1+/− (28%) mice. Assessment of renal function showed a significantly higher plasma creatinine in HO-1−/− mice compared with HO-1+/− mice. Histological analysis of kidneys from 1K1C HO-1−/− mice revealed extensive ischemic injury at the corticomedullary junction, whereas kidneys from sham HO-1−/− and 1K1C HO-1+/− mice appeared normal. Taken together, these data suggest that chronic deficiency of HO-1 does not alter basal blood pressure; however, in the 1K1C model an absence of HO-1 leads to more severe renovascular hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, renal artery clipping leads to an acute increase in ischemic damage and death in the absence of HO-1.
An Evaluation of Fracture Stabilization Comparing Kyphoplasty and Titanium Mesh Repair Techniques for Vertebral Compression Fractures: Is Bone Cement Necessary?

Study Design. In vitro biomechanical investigation using human cadaveric vertebral bodies. Objective. To evaluate differences in biomechanical stability of vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) repaired using an expandable titanium mesh implant, with and without cement, as compared with standard balloon kyphoplasty. Summary of Background Data. Vertebral augmentation, either in the form of vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, is the treatment of choice for some VCFs. Polymethylmethacrylate, a common bone cement used in this procedure, has been shown to possibly cause injury to neural and vascular structures due to extravasation, embolization, and may be too rigid for an osteoporotic spine. Therefore, suitable alternatives for the treatment of VCFs have been sought. Methods. Individual vertebral bodies from 5 human cadaveric spines (from T4 to L5) were stripped of all soft tissues, and compressed at 25% of the intact height using methods previously described. Vertebral bodies were then randomly assigned to the following repair techniques: (1) conventional kyphoplasty, (2) titanium implant with cement, (3) titanium implant without cement. All vertebral bodies were then recompressed at 25% of the repaired height. Yield load, ultimate load, and stiffness were recorded and compared in these groups before and after treatment. Results. There were no differences in biomechanical data between intact groups, and between repaired groups. In all 3 treatment groups, yield load and ultimate load of repaired vertebrae were similar to that of intact vertebrae. However, the stiffness following repair was found to be statistically less than the stiffness of the intact vertebral body (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusion. Based on the biomechanical data, the titanium mesh implant with or without cement was similar to polymethylmethacrylate fixation by kyphoplasty in the treatment of VCFs. Avoiding the adverse effects caused by using cement may be the main advantage of the titanium mesh implant and warrants further study.
Impact of Axial Component Alignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty on Lower Limb Rotational Alignment: An In Vitro Study

Abstract Correct rotational implant alignment is associated with increased postoperative function and implant survival in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Due to conformity between tibial and femoral implants, particularly in full extension, we assumed a mutual interference of femoral and tibial component rotations. We, therefore, hypothesized that different rotational alignments of the tibial or femoral components change the rotational postures between the tibia and femur after TKA. In 10 healthy knees of whole body cadavers, TKA was performed. Both femoral and tibial components were implanted in different internal (6 degrees) and external (3 and 6 degrees) rotational alignments. Consequential osseous rotational changes between the tibia and the femur were measured in full extension using a commercial computer navigation device. External rotation of the femoral component resulted in significant external rotation of the tibia, while external rotation of the tibial component caused a significant internal rotation of the tibia. The opposite applied to femoral and tibial component internal rotations. Therefore, largest changes of the osseous tibiofemoral rotational postures were found by the combination of 6 degrees femoral component internal and 6 degrees tibial component external rotations (mean 11.2 degrees, standard deviation 5.0, p < 0.001), as both cause tibial internal rotation. In conclusion, the present results suggest that axial component alignment significantly affects lower limb rotational alignment. However, its clinical impact on forefoot progression, Q-angle, the patella, collateral, and cruciate ligaments, and surrounding soft tissues has to be clarified in further clinical and biomechanical studies.
Confirmation of Host Genetic Determinants in the CFH Region and Susceptibility to Meningococcal Disease in a Central European Study Sample

Background: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a leading cause of meningitis and severe sepsis in children and adolescents. Genetic factors are important in determining the susceptibility to and outcome of IMD. Recently, a genome-wide association study from the United Kingdom showed significant associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms within complement factor H (CFH; rs1065489) and in CFH-related protein 3 (rs426736) with susceptibility of IMD. We report data of a genetic replication study in Central European children. Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective case-reference study involving 248 patients with confirmed diagnosis of IMD from Austria and Germany and 835 healthy reference individuals from a multicenter German birth cohort. Results: Carriers of the minor alleles of rs1065489 and rs426736 were at lower risk of IMD [allelic odds ratio = 0.60 (0.44–0.82); P = 0.001 and 0.61 (0.45–0.83); P = 0.001]. Also, 2 major haplotypes (GT and TC) derived from the 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with IMD (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions: The consistency of the results between the genome-wide association study and our study population strengthens the association of CFH polymorphisms to the susceptibility of IMD. Our results support the conclusion that CFH is a critical determinant in acquiring meningococcal disease.
Seeking an Anchorage. Stability and Variability in Tonal Alignment of Rising Prenuclear Pitch Accents in Cypriot Greek

Although tonal alignment constitutes a quintessential property of pitch accents, its exact characteristics remain unclear. This study, by exploring the timing of the Cypriot Greek L*+H prenuclear pitch accent, examines the predictions of three hypotheses about tonal alignment: the invariance hypothesis, the segmental anchoring hypothesis, and the segmental anchorage hypothesis. The study reports on two experiments: the first of which manipulates the syllable patterns of the stressed syllable, and the second of which modifies the distance of the L*+H from the following pitch accent. The findings on the alignment of the low tone (L) are illustrative of the segmental anchoring hypothesis predictions: the L persistently aligns inside the onset consonant, a few milliseconds before the stressed vowel. However, the findings on the alignment of the high tone (H) are both intriguing and unexpected: the alignment of the H depends on the number of unstressed syllables that follow the prenuclear pitch accent. The ‘wandering’ of the H over multiple syllables is extremely rare among languages, and casts doubt on the invariance hypothesis and the segmental anchoring hypothesis, as well as indicating the need for a modified version of the segmental anchorage hypothesis. To address the alignment of the H, we suggest that it aligns within a segmental anchorage–the area that follows the prenuclear pitch accent–in such a way as to protect the paradigmatic contrast between the L*+H prenuclear pitch accent and the L+H* nuclear pitch accent.
HEVC fast intra mode decision based on edge and SATD cost

HEVC(high efficiency video coding) achieves much higher coding efficiency compared with previous video coding standards at the cost of significant computational complexity. This paper proposes a fast intra mode decision scheme, where edge orientation and the sum of absolute Hadamard transformed difference (SATD) are used to consider texture characteristics of blocks. According to these features, the numbers of candidate modes to be tested in rough mode decision and rate-distortion optimization processes are reduced, respectively. In particular, the rate-distortion optimization candidates are selected by Bayesian classification framework to minimize a risk such as coding loss and computation complexity. Experimental results reveal that the proposed scheme reduces encoding run time by 30.3% with a negligible coding loss of 0.9% BD-rate for the all intra coding scenario.
Incidence and risk factors of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in patients after acute pulmonary embolism.

BACKGROUND Early identification and treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are critical to prevent disease progression. We determined the incidence and risk factors for CTEPH in patients with a first episode of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). METHODS In this study, consecutive patients with first-episode acute PE were followed for ≤5 years. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was screened for by echocardiography. Suspected cases were evaluated by right heart catheterization (RHC) and pulmonary angiography (PA). If invasive procedures were not permitted, PH was diagnosed by systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) >50 mmHg. Diagnosis of CTEPH was confirmed by PA, ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) lung scan, or computed tomography (CT) PA (CTPA). RESULTS Overall, 614 patients with acute PE were included (median follow-up, 3.3 years). Ten patients were diagnosed with CTEPH: cumulative incidence 0.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.0-1.6%] at 1 year, 1.3% (95% CI, 0.3-2.3%) at 2 years, and 1.7% (95% CI, 0.7-2.7%) at 3 years. No cases of CTEPH developed after 3 years. History of lower-limb varicose veins [hazard ratio (HR), 4.3; 95% CI, 1.2-15.4; P=0.024], SPAP >50 mmHg at initial PE episode (HR, 23.5; 95% CI, 2.7-207.6; P=0.005), intermediate-risk PE (HR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.4; P=0.030), and CT obstruction index over 30% at 3 months after acute PE (HR, 42.5; 95% CI, 4.4-409.8; P=0.001) were associated with increased risk of CTEPH. CONCLUSIONS CTEPH was not rare after acute PE in this Chinese population, especially within 3 years of diagnosis. Lower-limb varicose veins, intermediate-risk PE with elevated SPAP in the acute phase, and residual emboli during follow-up might increase the risk of CTEPH.
Thrombin Peptide (TP508) Promotes Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Proliferation via PI3 Kinase/Akt Pathway

A synthetic peptide representing the receptor-binding domain of human thrombin (TP508) promotes angiogenesis and accelerates wound healing in animal models. However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of TP508 have not been clearly defined. In this study, we set out to determine whether TP508 could stimulate stem cell proliferation. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) were incubated with TP508 (5 μg/ml) and cell proliferation was determined by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Our data showed that TP508 treatment significantly stimulated BrdU incorporation in ASCs (p < 0.01). The increased BrdU incorporation induced by TP508 was abolished by the PI3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 at 50 μM. Western blot analysis of ASCs revealed increased phosphorylation of Akt in response to TP508 when compared to unstimulated controls. These results indicate that TP508 exerts proliferative effects on ASCs via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Design issues of a low frequency low-pass filter for medical applications using CMOS technology

In the past few decades, medical and biological researches gained more and more attention. The ever-growing need for such researches caused many medical applications to develop. Collecting data from a living human body is a complex task and needs circumspection. In this paper, specific issues of the most important part of such a data acquisition system is presented, the design of a low pass filter. The major issue to overcome in the design of a system that is aimed at being built into the human body is creating large value capacitances needed to the realization of filters for the specific application. After presenting the special requirements for low pass filters for medical applications the method of creating large capacitors is presented in details in the paper.