Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic heterogeneity of HER 2 / Neu in breast carcinoma : a meta analysis

Both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are accepted methods fordetermining clinical HER2 (or ERBB2) status. However, the reliability of IHC and FISH is questionable. The genetic heterogeneity (GH) of breast carcinoma is a major cause that makes its diagnosis and treatment far from being optimal. To clarify the impact of FISH and IHC testing on HER2 GH, a meta-analysis was performed in this study. A total of eight studies with 11478 patients retrieved from PubMed and Embase were included. A random-effects meta-analysis of all studies suggested GH was existed in FISH equivocal test (OR=30.98, 95% CI 21.19-45.30) and IHC equivocal test (OR=1.56, 95% CI 1.40-1.74), respectively. Further analysis indicated that the significant differences presented between GH and different HER2 expression by FISH test (x2=864.23, P<0.001), and between GH and different HER2 expression using IHC test (x2=206.52, P<0.001), respectively. Networks revealed that HER2 regulates different downstream proteins to coordinate numerous processes. Our results suggested that GH of HER2 differentially presented in a subset of HER2 amplified breast carcinomas, especially in cases with HER2 expression (FISH equivocal and IHC equivocal). There is a substantial difference in the frequency of GH among different ethnicities. HER2 GH is more likely to exist in FISH equivocal test than IHC equivocal test, and it is more convenient to document GH status by FISH test. We suggest FISH as the primary HER2 testing modality with breast carcinomas who are candidate for HER2 targeted therapy. FISH equivocal test is necessary to be further standardized in order to better define HER2 status and it is important to incorporate GH into the management of breast patients.
Rare Alteration of Genomic Structure or Expression of the DPC4 Gene in Myelogenous Leukemias

We examined homozygous deletion, point mutation and expression of DPC4 gene, a recently isolated candidate pancreatic tumor suppressor gene, in 53 patients with myelogenous leukemias and 5 cell lines. The patients consisted of 34 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia including 22 in the chronic phase, 3 in the accelerated phase, and 9 in blastic crisis, and 19 with acute myelogenous leukemia including 9 at the initial presentation and 10 at relapse. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based deletion analysis for DPC4 exon 8 and PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism study for the entire coding region were carried out. Homozygous deletion or subtle mutation was not detected in any of the samples examined. However, 3 patients with various clinical phases showed a decrease of DPC4 expression. These results suggest that DPC4 alteration is not a crucial event in the development or the progression of myelogenous leukemias.
Diffuse spectral reflectance as a proxy for percent carbonate content in North Atlantic sediments

Diffuse reflectance records from Fern Drift in the North Atlantic faithfully record sediment percent carbonate. A high-resolu- tion, reflectance-based age model for these sediments derived from an orbitally tuned age model for western equatorial Atlantic, Ceara Rise sediments was generated by spectral frequency mapping. Power spectra of the Fern Drift record indicate statistically significant sub- Milankovitch cyclicity at 7.6-8.4 and 4.8-6.1 kyr. We infer that these -8 and -5 kyr cycles document a linkage between North and equa- torial Atlantic climate given our ability to correlate these records. These climate cycles influence Atlantic basin carbonate prior to the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation and thus must arise from some portion of the climate system other than the dynamics of large ice sheets. The presence of these peaks, which could be related to equatorial clipped precession, implies a possible non-linear response to Milankovitch forcing. Abstract. Diffuse reflectance records from Feni Drift in the North Atlantic faithfully record sediment percent carbonate. A high-resolu- tion, reflectance-based age model for these sediments derived from an orbitally tuned age model for western equatorial Atlantic, Ceara Rise sediments was generated by spectral frequency mapping. Power spectra of the Feni Drift record indicate statistically significant sub- Milankovitch cyclicity at 7.6-8.4 and 4.8-6.1 kyr. We infer that these -8 and-5 kyr cycles document a linkage between North and equa- torial Atlantic climate given our ability to correlate these records. These climate cycles influence Atlantic basin carbonate prior to the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation and thus must arise from some portion of the climate system other than the dynamics of large ice sheets. The presence of these peaks, which could be related to equatorial clipped precession, implies a possible non-linear response to Milankovitch forcing.
Toward a New Practice of Internationalization: A Case Study on a Short-Term Study Abroad Program at European Institutions of Higher Education

This case study describes the development of a short-term study abroad program for business students at two European universities that had previously not cooperated with each other. It explains that the two institutions of higher education first organized a joint summer school and after positively evaluating its outcome decided to continue this cooperation by organizing so-called Marketing Weeks. The Marketing Weeks would take place one semester at the institution in France and the next semester it would take place at the other institution in Germany. The participants were asked to complete questionnaires about the Marketing Weeks after each event. Based on their answers, the Marketing Weeks were adapted each time. The paper explores the positive as well as the downsides of such a business-themed short-term study abroad program. Based on the analysis of the findings, the author gives recommendations for other institutions that seek to establish similar programs.
The LAR transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase and a coiled‐coil LAR‐interacting protein co‐localize at focal adhesions.

Focal adhesions are sites of cell‐extracellular matrix interactions that function in anchoring stress fibers to the plasma membrane and in adhesion‐mediated signal transduction. Both focal adhesion structure and signaling ability involve protein tyrosine phosphorylation. LAR is a broadly expressed transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase comprised of a cell adhesion‐like ectodomain and two intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase domains. We have identified a novel cytoplasmic 160 kDa phosphoserine protein termed LAR‐interacting protein 1 (LIP.1), which binds to the LAR membrane‐distal D2 protein tyrosine phosphatase domain and appears to localize LAR to focal adhesions. Both LAR and LIP.1 decorate the ends of focal adhesions most proximal to the cell nucleus and are excluded from the distal ends of focal adhesions, thus localizing to regions of focal adhesions presumably undergoing disassembly. We propose that LAR and LIP.1 may regulate the disassembly of focal adhesions and thus help orchestrate cell‐matrix interactions.
A Research of the Cross-selling in Bank's Individual Customer Base on the Sequence Model

"Recommended right product to right customer" is an important aspect to improve the cross-selling and get competitive advantage.This research selects historical transaction data of 18515 customers from a commercial bank as samples to build sequence model and to use Logistic regression to forecast the probability of customer next product to buy only based on existing data.The results show that the accuracy of each product has reached more than 72%,so there were more targeted to different customer use different cross-selling strategy,thereby increasing the accuracy of products which recommended by manager,bring greater benefits to the enterprise.
The Effects of Satisfaction, Trust and Brand Commitment on Consumers' Decision to Boycott

This research examines the effects of cumulative satisfaction, trust and brand commitment on consumers' decision to boycott. The study shows that their influence varies according to the type of boycott (instrumental versus expressive). Four results distinguish the two expressive boycotts considered: 1) the perceived egregiousness of the company's act and/or the message credibility totally mediate their effects on the boycott decision; 2) cumulative satisfaction enhances a contrast effect whereas brand commitment generates an assimilation effect (minimization of the fault); 3) the message credibility enhances boycott participation; 4) the volume of consumption decreases only social boycott participation. Strategic implications for consumer organizations and companies are then specified.
Nonlinear Forecasting of the Generalized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky Equation

The emergence of pattern formation and chaotic dynamics is studied in the one-dimensional (1D) generalized Kuramoto–Sivashinsky (gKS) equation by means of a time-series analysis, in particular, a nonlinear forecasting method which is based on concepts from chaos theory and appropriate statistical methods. We analyze two types of temporal signals, a local one and a global one, finding in both cases that the dynamical state of the gKS solution undergoes a transition from high-dimensional chaos to periodic pulsed oscillations through low-dimensional deterministic chaos while increasing the control parameter of the system. Our results demonstrate that the proposed nonlinear forecasting methodology allows to elucidate the dynamics of the system in terms of its predictability properties.
Density perturbations and black hole formation in hybrid inflation.

We investigate the recently proposed hybrid inflation models with two stages of inflation. We show that quantum fluctuations at the time corresponding to the phase transition between the two inflationary stages can trigger the formation of a large number of inflating topological defects. In order to study density perturbations in these models we further develop a method to calculate density perturbations in a system of two scalar fields. We show that density perturbations in hybrid inflation models of the new type can be very large on the scale corresponding to the phase transition. The resulting density inhomogeneties lead to a copious production of black holes. This could be an argument against hybrid inflation models with two stages of inflation. However, we find a class of models where this problem can be easily avoided. The number of black holes produced in these models can be made extremely small, but in general it could be sufficiently large to have important cosmological and astrophysical implications. In particular, for certain values of parameters these black holes may constitute the dark matter in the Universe. It is also possible to have hybrid models with two stages of inflation where the black hole production is not suppressed, but where the typical masses of the black holes are very small. Such models lead to a completely different thermal history of the Universe, where postinflationary reheating occurs via black hole evaporation.
Investigating Category Pricing Behavior at a Retail Chain

In studying retailer pricing behavior, researchers typically assume that retailers maximize profits across all brands in a focal product category. In this article, the author attempts to study empirically the extent to which three factors affect retail prices: (1) the effects of payments from manufacturers to the retailer other than regular promotions, as well as the effects of additional costs borne by the retailer for these brands; (2) the retailer's objectives specific to its store brand, such as maximizing store brand share; and (3) the effects of retail competition and store traffic. By specifying a demand function at the brand-chain level for each brand in the product category, the author derives pricing rules for the retailer. The author decomposes the retail price of a brand into effects due to wholesale price, markup (obtained from the demand functions), additional promotional payments, retail competition, and the retailer's objectives for the store brand. The author carries out empirical analysis for a specific product category at a single retail grocery chain. The results indicate that the effects of the three factors vary across brands in the category.
Applications of probabilistic inference to planning & reinforcement learning

Optimal control is a profound and fascinating subject that regularly attracts interest from numerous scien- tific disciplines, including both pure and applied Mathematics, Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, Psychology, Neuroscience and Economics. In 1960 Rudolf Kalman discovered that there exists a dual- ity between the problems of filtering and optimal control in linear systems [84]. This is now regarded as a seminal piece of work and it has since motivated a large amount of research into the discovery of similar dualities between optimal control and statistical inference. This is especially true of recent years where there has been much research into recasting problems of optimal control into problems of statis- tical/approximate inference. Broadly speaking this is the perspective that we take in this work and in particular we present various applications of methods from the fields of statistical/approximate inference to optimal control, planning and Reinforcement Learning. Some of the methods would be more accu- rately described to originate from other fields of research, such as the dual decomposition techniques used in chapter(5) which originate from convex optimisation. However, the original motivation for the application of these techniques was from the field of approximate inference. The study of dualities be- tween optimal control and statistical inference has been a subject of research for over 50 years and we do not claim to encompass the entire subject. Instead, we present what we consider to be a range of interesting and novel applications from this field of research
Evidence that endogenous gamma interferon is produced early in Listeria monocytogenes infection

It has been presumed that gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), which plays an essential role in antilisterial resistance, is produced late in Listeria monocytogenes infection. In the present study, however, IFN-gamma was detected in the bloodstreams and spleens of mice from days 1 to 4 of L. monocytogenes infection by both a double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an immunohistochemical technique, suggesting that endogenous IFN-gamma is produced early but not late in L. monocytogenes infection.
Lethality of bypass polymerases in Escherichia coli cells with a defective clamp loader complex of DNA polymerase III

Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III (Pol III) is one of the best studied replicative DNA polymerases. Here we report the properties of an E. coli mutant that lacks one of the subunits of the Pol III clamp loader complex, Psi (ψ), as a result of the complete inactivation of the holD gene. We show that, in this mutant, chronic induction of the SOS response in a RecFOR‐dependent way leads to lethality at high temperature. The SOS‐induced proteins that are lethal in the holD mutant are the specialized DNA polymerases Pol II and Pol IV, combined with the division inhibitor SfiA. Prevention of SOS induction or inactivation of Pol II, Pol IV and SfiA encoding genes allows growth of the holD mutant, although at a reduced rate compared to a wild‐type cell. In contrast, the SOS‐induced Pol V DNA polymerase does not participate to the lethality of the holD mutant. We conclude that: (i) Psi is essential for efficient replication of the E. coli chromosome; (ii) SOS‐induction of specialized DNA polymerases can be lethal in cells in which the replicative polymerase is defective, and (iii) specialized DNA polymerases differ in respect to their access to inactivated replication forks.
Cultural Effects On Customer Satisfaction With Service Encounters

The conceptual model presented in this paper illustrates the relationship that we propose exist between several aspects of culture and customer satisfaction with a service encounter. Specifically, the model proposes that (1) the effectiveness of the service script used during a service encounter is directly related to customer satisfaction with the encounter, (2) cultural differences between the customer and the service employee have an impact on the effectiveness of the service script, and (3) the extent to which the customer identifies with his/her culture moderate the effects that cultural differences have on service script effectiveness. Implications for future research are provided, as are recommendations for managing the relationship.
The effect of diabetes on the diagnostic and prognostic performance of mid-region pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and mid-region pro-adrenomedullin in patients with acute dyspnea

Serum mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) and pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) are novel biomarkers for acute heart failure (AHF). Like other AFH biomarkers, the performance of these tests are affected by the presence of clinical variables such as renal failure and obesity. In a substudy of the Biomarkers from Acute Heart Failure Study, we show that diabetes did not influence the performance of these markers with regards to AHF diagnosis or 90-day all cause death. However, in patients without AHF, increased MR-proADM alone was associated with the presence of diabetes.
Antioxidant profiles of a prepared extract of Chinese herbs for the treatment of atopic eczema

A standardized mixture of Chinese herbs, Zemaphyte® taken orally as a daily decoction has been shown to be effective in the treatment of atopic eczema. This study showed that Zemaphyte® is an efficient antioxidant, being capable of scavenging both superoxide and hydroxyl, and preventing peroxidation of biological membranes. It does not degrade hydrogen peroxide directly, but instead most likely forms a Zemaphyte–hydrogen peroxide complex. The complexed hydrogen peroxide can then be degraded in the presence of catalase to form oxygen and water. It is conceivable that Zemaphyte® may contribute to the down‐regulation of the activities of cells implicated in atopic eczema through its antioxidant activities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring a destination's brand equity between 2003 and 2012 using the consumer- based brand equity (CBBE) hierarchy

Given the increasing investments being made in brand development by destination marketing organisations (DMO) since the 1990s, including rebranding and repositioning, more research is needed to enhance understanding of how to effectively monitor destination brand performance over time. This paper reports the results of a study of brand performance of a competitive set of destinations, in their most important market, between 2003 and 2012. Brand performance was measured from the perspective of consumer perceptions, based on the concept of consumer-based brand equity (CBBE). A structured questionnaire was administered to different samples in 2003, 2007 and 2012. The results indicated minimal changes in perceptions of the five destinations over the 10 year period. Due to the commonality of challenges faced by DMOs worldwide, it is suggested the CBBE hierarchy provides destination marketers with a practical tool for evaluating brand performance over time; in terms of measures of effectiveness of past marketing communications, as well as indicators of future performance. In addition, and importantly, CBBE also provides transparent accountability measures for stakeholders. While the topic of destination image has been one of the most popular in the tourism literature, there has been a paucity of research published in relation to the temporal aspect of consumer perceptions. This is a rare investigation into the measurement of perceptions of destinations over a 10 year period.
Evaluation and Registration of Adverse Events in Clinical Drug Trials in Migraine

Tolerability of a drug should be regarded as important as its efficacy. In all four phases of drug development evaluation of adverse events is important. Recommendations for assessment of adverse events in acute and prophylactic clinical drug trials in migraine are given. Tolerability may be indirectly assessed using measures of general well-being and eight such tools are presented. Finally, recommendations for reporting of adverse events are given.
Training-Based Gradient LBP Feature Models for Multiresolution Texture Classification

Local binary pattern (LBP) is a simple, yet efficient coding model for extracting texture features. To improve texture classification, this paper designs a median sampling regulation, defines a group of gradient LBP (gLBP) descriptors, proposes a training-based feature model mapping method, and then develops a texture classification frame using the multiresolution feature fusion of four gLBP descriptors. Cooperated by median sampling, four descriptors encode a pixel respectively by central gradient, radial gradient, magnitude gradient and tangent gradient to generate initial gLBP patterns. The feature mapping models of gLBP descriptors are constructed by the maximal relative-variation rate (mr2) of rotation-invariant patterns, and then prestored as mapping lookup files. By mapping, initial patterns can be transformed into low-dimensional ones. And then it generates multiresolution texture features via the joint and concatenation of gLBP descriptors on different sampling parameters. A trained nearest neighbor classifier with chi-square distance is applied to classify textures by feature histograms. The experimental results of simulation on five public texture databases show that the proposed method is reliable and efficient in texture classification. In comparison with nine other similar approaches, including two state-of-the-art ones, the proposed method runs faster than most of them and also outperforms all of them in terms of classification accuracy and noise robustness. It achieves higher accuracy and has also better robustness to the Salt&Pepper and Gaussian noise added artificially into texture images.
Pegylated liposomal tumor necrosis factor‐α results in reduced toxicity and synergistic antitumor activity after systemic administration in combination with liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®) in soft tissue sarcoma‐bearing rats

Previously we reported that encapsulation of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF) in pegylated (STEALTH®) liposomes (TNF‐PEGL) dramatically improved circulation times of the protein and augmented accumulation in tumor tissue. We and others have demonstrated enhanced antitumor activity of doxorubicin or melphalan by free TNF when used in high doses in an isolated limb perfusion setting. In the present study the antitumor activity of TNF‐PEGL was studied in combination with liposomal chemotherapy. BN rats with subcutaneous BN175 sarcomas (8–12 mm diameter) received no treatment or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®) alone or in combination with various doses of TNF‐PEGL (15–200 μg/kg). The evaluated endpoints were tumor response and toxicity of the treatment regimens. Here we demonstrate that TNF‐PEGL at a dose of 15 μg/kg markedly augments the antitumor activity of liposomal doxorubicin, without resulting in the increased toxic side effects observed with free TNF at doses resulting in a similar enhancement of the antitumor effects. Even at a TNF dose of 200 μg/kg TNF, repeated administration of TNF‐PEGL did not result in severe weight loss or cause diarrhea. Repeated dosing of free TNF at this dose resulted in severe, life‐threatening weight loss and occurrence of diarrhea in all animals. These results indicate that pegylated liposomal encapsulation may be effective in systemic application of TNF for combined treatment with liposomal chemotherapy of advanced solid tumors. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.