Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
the endoplasmic reticulum Signal sequence-and translation-independent mRNA localization to

The process of mRNA localization typically utilizes cis-targeting elements and trans-recognition factors to direct the compartmental organization of translationally suppressed mRNAs. mRNA localization to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in contrast, occurs via a co-translational, signal sequence/signal recognition particle (SRP)-dependent mechanism. We have utilized cell fractionation/cDNA microarray analysis, shRNA-mediated suppression of SRP expression, and mRNA reporter construct studies to define the role of the SRP pathway in ER-directed mRNA localization. Cell fractionation studies of mRNA partitioning between the cytosol and ER demonstrated the expected enrichment of cytosolic/nucleoplasmic protein-encoding mRNAs and secretory/integral membrane protein-encoding mRNAs in the cytosol and ER fractions, respectively, and identified a subpopulation of cytosolic/nucleoplasmic protein-encoding mRNAs in the membrane-bound mRNA pool. The latter finding suggests a signal sequence-independent pathway of ER-directed mRNA localization. Extending from these findings, mRNA partitioning was examined in stable SRP54 shRNA knockdown HeLa cell lines. shRNA-directed reductions in SRP did not globally alter mRNA partitioning patterns, although defects in membrane protein processing were observed, further suggesting the existence of multiple pathways for mRNA localization to the ER. ER localization of GRP94-encoding mRNA was observed when translation was disabled by mutation of the start codon/insertion of a 59UTR stem–loop structure or upon deletion of the encoded signal sequence. Combined, these data indicate that the mRNA localization to the ER can be conferred independent of the signal sequence/SRP pathway and suggest that mRNA localization to the ER may utilize cis-encoded targeting information.
The Informational Role of Patents in Venture Capital Financing

This paper empirically examines the informational role of start-ups’ patenting activities in venture capital (VC) financing, based on comprehensive patent data for VC-backed firms in the U.S. from 1976 through 2005. We find that start-ups’ patenting activities before receiving VC investment increase with information asymmetry and predict entrepreneurial performance. Moreover, start-ups with patenting activities receive greater funding from more VC funds, experience longer incubation periods, and slowdown in patenting activities right after receiving VC investment. Our empirical evidence suggests that patenting activities effectively mitigate information problems between entrepreneurs and venture capitalists.
Business Models in Accounting: The Theory of the Firm and Financial Reporting

The paper summarises the development of the economic theory of the firm, with particular reference to the work of Knight, Coase and Williamson, and examines its potential relevance to questions of measurement in financial reporting. Based on differences between firms' business models, and building on the work of Penman, criteria are put forward for choosing between fair value and historical cost. Practical problems of a business-model-based approach to measurement are identified and discussed.
On logic of paradox

G. Priest introduced nonmonotonicity into a paraconsistent logic, so-called logic of paradox LP, that yields a solution to the weakness of paraconsistent logic. The resulting logic (of minimal parades) LP/sub m/ is nonmonotonic in the sense that inconsistency is minimal. The problem of proof theory of logic LP/sub m/ left open because the base logic LP is paraconsistent so that syntactic formulations of nonmonotonic logic are not available for LP/sub m/, though LP/sub m/ is well characterized by minimal semantics. In this paper, we provide a minimal tableaus as a satisfactory proof theory for LP/sub m/. We first present a signed tableaux for LP. Then minimal tableaux for LP/sub m/ is obtained by revising signed tableaux for LP to fit LP/sub m/ in which the branches of non-minimally-inconsistent models of the tableaux are eliminated. The soundness and completeness theorems of the tableaux with respect to the semantics of LP and LP/sub m/ are proved, respectively.
IETF Recommendations Regarding Active Queue Management

This memo presents recommendations to the Internet community concerning measures to improve and preserve Internet performance. It presents a strong recommendation for testing, standardization, and widespread deployment of active queue management (AQM) in network devices to improve the performance of today's Internet. It also urges a concerted effort of research, measurement, and ultimate deployment of AQM mechanisms to protect the Internet from flows that are not sufficiently responsive to congestion notification. Based on 15 years of experience and new research, this document replaces the recommendations of RFC 2309.
Therapeutic Concentrations of Antineoplastic Agents Diminish Interferon Yields

Abstract Interferon production was studied in the presence of therapeutic concentrations of five antineoplastic agents. None of the drugs studied grossly altered the production of interferon by fibroblasts. Virus-induced mononuclear cells, in contrast, produced significantly less interferon after prior exposure to vincristine and produced no detectable interferon after prior exposure to 6-MP. These studies establish that interferon yields in vitro may be diminished by therapeutic concentrations of antineoplastic agents, and necessitate in vivo studies to determine if this alteration in interferon production can help explain the increased severity of certain viral infections in patients with neoplastic diseases.
Redox modulation of the fetal cardiovascular defence to hypoxaemia

Episodes of hypoxia in utero present a potentially serious challenge to the fetus, but are counteracted by defence responses including marked redistribution of blood flow from peripheral circulations to the brain. Here, we report the novel observation that the oxidant tone is an important modulator of this cardiovascular defence. Using pregnant Welsh Mountain sheep surgically prepared for long‐term recording, we investigated in vivo the effects on the fetal cardiovascular defence to acute hypoxaemia of fetal treatment with the antioxidant vitamin C. The mechanisms via which vitamin C may affect the vascular oxidant tone were investigated by monitoring fetal plasma concentrations of nitrates and nitrites, by determining changes in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in fetal plasma, and by investigating the effect of vitamin C treatment on the fetal cardiovascular defence to hypoxaemia following nitric oxide (NO) synthase blockade. Fetal treatment with vitamin C markedly depressed the normal femoral constrictor response to acute hypoxaemia in the fetus (5.2 ± 1.0 vs. 1.1 ± 0.3 mmHg (ml min−1)−1, mean ±s.e. m. ; P < 0.05) an effect which was completely restored following NO synthase blockade (6.2 ± 1.3 mmHg (ml min−1)−1). Compared to saline infusion, fetal treatment with vitamin C during acute hypoxaemia also significantly increased fetal plasma SOD activity from normoxic baseline (−8.9 ± 6.5 vs. 15.0 ± 6.6% inhibition, P < 0.05) and decreased the plasma concentration ratio of nitrate:nitrite from normoxic baseline (ΔNO3−:NO2−; 0.15 ± 0.30 vs. −0.29 ± 0.11, P < 0.05). The data provide in vivo evidence of redox modulation of redistribution of blood flow in the fetus, part of the fetal brain sparing during acute hypoxaemic stress.
Responding - or Not - to IT Project Risks: Conceptualizing Risk Response as Planned Behavior

Prior research suggests that IT project managers’ risk response behavior sometimes differs from the prescriptions in the literature. Conceptualizing performing a risk response as planned behavior, this study draws upon the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and develops a model to enrich the understanding of the relationship between perceiving risk and enacting—or not—a risk response. The model includes the TPB constructs—behavioral attitude, perceived pressure and perceived control. It also leverages the notion of ‘background factors’ in TPB that allows the inclusion of antecedents of behavioral attitude, in the present study, perceived risk of project without the risk response and perceived risk of enacting the risk response. The research design comprises three studies. Study 1 selected three specific risk responses. Study 2 elicited IT project managers’ beliefs about each risk response. Study 3 (in progress), tests the proposed model—enriched with the elicited beliefs—for each risk response.
Adjuvant therapy in the treatment of sepsis in premature neonates

Objective. Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of sepsis in premature neonates. Patients and Methods . A prospective non randomized clinical trial –non blind study and no placebo used.This study was conducted on 50 premature neonates with neonatal sepsis on the basis of both clinical and laboratory criteria. The study required 50 cases,25 of them with melatonin and antibiotics and 25 with antibiotics only to have 80% power to detect the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of neonatal sepsis. They were divided into two groups :Group 1(intervention group):25 neonates with sepsis received single oral dose of melatonin in a dose of 20mg and received also antibiotics according to the standard protocol and Group 2(control group): 25 neonates with sepsis not receiving melatonin but received antibiotics according to the standard protocol. Results. there was no significant difference in sepsis score between G1 and G2 before starting melatonin, while there was significant difference in sepsis score between G1and G2 after 24 hours,48 hours and 72 hours of starting melatonin with (P.value = 0.999,0.008,0.006,0.002) respectively. There was significant improvement in both groups with more improvement of sepsis score in G1 than G2. Conclusion Administration of melatonin as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of sepsis in premature neonates is associated with improvement of clinical and laboratory outcome of septic neonate. Keyword: Melatonin, Neonates, Premature, Sepsis.
The benefits of visualization-how to eXplore a municipality

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to describe how the municipalities may benefit from using visualization in the planning process and when sharing knowledge within the municipality. As municipalities in different countries may have different prerequisites, a short overview of the local government in Sweden and the role of the Swedish municipalities give the necessary background. After that the outcome of a project that was carried out in 2009 with participation from three municipalities, Linköping University (National center for Visual Analytics, NCVA) and Statistics Sweden, SCB, is described. Two examples show the use of visualization in the municipality of Linköping, a participant in the project, and in the city of Gothenburg, that use visualization in a blog about sustainable development. The recent developments at Statistics Sweden conclude the paper showing how the Statistics Atlas may support municipalities and others interested in analyzing statistics on municipality level.
That's Enough: Asynchrony with Standard Choreography Primitives

Choreographies are widely used for the specification of concurrent and distributed software architectures. Since asynchronous communications are ubiquitous in real-world systems, previous works have proposed different approaches for the formal modelling of asynchrony in choreographies. Such approaches typically rely on ad-hoc syntactic terms or semantics for capturing the concept of messages in transit, yielding different formalisms that have to be studied separately. In this work, we take a different approach, and show that such extensions are not needed to reason about asynchronous communications in choreographies. Rather, we demonstrate how a standard choreography calculus already has all the needed expressive power to encode messages in transit (and thus asynchronous communications) through the primitives of process spawning and name mobility. The practical consequence of our results is that we can reason about real-world systems within a choreography formalism that is simpler than those hitherto proposed.
Peer-assisted learning in a student-run free clinic project increases clinical competence

Abstract Background: Germany's first student-run free clinic (SRFC) for medically underserved patients has been established at the medical faculty of the Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Germany. Participating students are educated in a Peer Assisted Learning program (PAL). Little is known about the effectiveness of PAL in SRFCs. Methods: We conducted a randomized, controlled, prospective study involving 50 participants. Students were either tested before or after receiving PAL. Knowledge and skill level were measured by theoretical and practical tests. In addition, curricular Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) results were compared between the groups. Results: Students receiving PAL had significantly better results in theoretical (p < 0.001) and practical (p < 0.001) tests, as well as in the OSCE (p < 0.01). A control test showed no significant difference (p = 0.205) indicating similar prerequisites between the groups. Conclusion: Improved results of the study group indicate an increase in the clinical knowledge and skills. PAL appears to be suitable for the training of basic medical skills and family medicine related knowledge and similar teaching projects could be based on it at other SRFCs.
Clinical associations of anosognosia in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

While loss of insight of cognitive deficits is a common phenomenon in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is a lack of consensus regarding the presence of impaired insight among patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We aim to investigate the clinical, cognitive, and behavioral associations of anosognosia in AD and MCI subjects.
How Swedish consumers’ perceptions and behaviour are influenced by promoted CSR activities

Problem: CSR is today a frequently used concept, as companies to a larger extent are held accountable for what is happening in the society. The company should also inform the stakeholders about their CSR activities in an appropriate way, in order to capitalise from all possible benefits. According to Schrader et al. (2006), one group that is extremely important to inform is the consumers. In order to make a trustworthy impression and gain the most benefits, the choice of CSR activity and way of communication is crucial for the company, and therefore the perceptions of the consumers are very important to know more about and understand. Little research has been done about the consumers’ perception of CSR, especially for Swedish consumers. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to find out how Swedish consumers’ perceptions and behaviour towards a company are influenced by communication of specific CSR activities. Method: The data collection was done through a questionnaire that was completed online by 102 respondents. The respondents were asked to answer how their view of the company and willingness to buy from a company was changed by each the six specified CSR initiatives, as well as how they would prefer to get information about a company’s CSR activities. Their responses were analysed with help from consumer behaviour and promotion theories. Conclusions: All the initiatives gave a positive influence on the respondents’ perceptions, but the ones resulting in the most positive changes of the perceptions and willingness to buy were social responsible business practises, cause-related marketing and corporate philanthropy, which are initiatives where the company are doing the largest effort instead of just encouraging others to make an effort. The respondents answered that they trust the companies’ information about CSR to some extent, but also think a third party should scrutinise the companies’ activities and inform. The most favourable channel for CSR information was in the store and on packages, from environmental organisations and the company’s webpage. Therefore it seems like the respondents value that the companies provide information, but are not too forward and pushing the information on them by for example advertisements.
The Experience of Couples in the Process of Treatment of Pathological Gambling: Couple vs. Individual Therapy

Context: Couple treatment for pathological gambling is an innovative strategy. There are some results supporting its potential effectiveness, but little is known about the subjective experiences of the participants. Objective: The aim of this article is to document the experiences of gamblers and their partners participating in one of two treatments, namely individual or couple. Method: In a study aiming to evaluate the efficacy of the Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG), couples who were entering specialized treatment for the addiction of one member who was a pathological gambler were randomly assigned to individual or ICT-PG. Nine months after their admission to treatment, gamblers and partners (n = 21 couples; n = 13 ICT-PG; n = 8 individual treatment) were interviewed in semi-structured interviews. A sequenced thematization method was used to extract the major themes. Results: This study highlighted five major themes in the therapeutic process noted by the gamblers and their partners mainly after the couple treatment but also partly through the individual therapy. These were: (1) the gamblers' anxiety about having to reveal their gambling problems in couple therapy; (2) the wish to develop a mutually beneficial understanding of gambling and its effects on the partners in the two types of treatments; (3) the transformation of negative attributions through a more effective intra-couple communication fostered by the couple therapy; (4) the partners' contribution to changes in gambling behavior and prevention of relapses, which were both better supported in couple therapy; and (5) the interpersonal nature of gambling and its connections with the couples' relationship. However, gamblers who were in individual treatment were more likely to mention that their partners' involvement was not necessary. Participants likewise made a few recommendations about the conditions underlying the choice of one treatment method or the other. Discussion: Participants reported satisfaction with both treatment models, but their experience was more positive in couple treatment. Complementary benefits emerged from each form of treatment, which points to future treatments involving both types. Future research should explore both the couple processes associated with attempts to stop pathological gambling and the various ways of involving partners in the gamblers' treatment.
Tracking key marketing health parameters within smaller enterprises

This paper interfaces concepts and techniques from process control and marketing control in order to effectively monitor the marketing ‘health’ of small firms. In essence the authors attempt to apply short term time series forecasting techniques in addition to a tracking signal device to monitor key marketing parameters within small firms on a continuous or ‘on-going’ basis. The techniques used are well established although they are more usually found employed in the areas of process control and inventory control. The application of such a scheme within a small business marketing context is considered novel and somewhat experimental. The scheme discussed in this working paper is very much in the exploratory stage and much more work needs to be done to test the reliability and validity of the scheme to effectively track key marketing parameters within smaller enterprises in a variety of ‘real world’ situations and under different market conditions. If the scheme proves to have operational and practical usefulness as a monitoring device then it should be of interest to all people involved with monitoring or advising a large number of small enterprises or business units within a larger organisation. Because the research is on-going this paper presents an interim set of results and conclusions and is therefore very much a ‘working paper’ hence the appropriateness of the paper appearing in this London Metropolitan University Working Paper Series. This paper is linked to other working papers concerned with the marketing of smaller enterprises appearing in the University’s working paper series by the same authors, for example see also Reynolds PL, Day, J and Lancaster, GA, (June 2001, papers (a) and (b)). A further, updated version of this paper is likely to appear in this series in the near future as the results from future work is added to the paper and consolidated within the existing conceptual scheme. This paper is part of an on going programme of research conducted by the authors and others into the marketing appropriate for small firms in particular and small and medium sized firms (SME’s) in general. Although the working papers presented by the authors in the series so far are on different aspects of marketing they are thematic in that they are all concerned with smaller firms and on the interface between small firms, marketing and entrepreneurship.
Spironolactone Decreases DOCA–Salt–Induced Organ Damage by Blocking the Activation of T Helper 17 and the Downregulation of Regulatory T Lymphocytes

Adaptive immune response has been implicated in inflammation and fibrosis as a result of exposure to mineralocorticoids and a high-salt diet. We hypothesized that in mineralocorticoid-salt–induced hypertension, activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor alters the T-helper 17 lymphocyte (Th17)/regulatory T-lymphocyte/interleukin-17 (IL-17) pathway, contributing to cardiac and renal damage. We studied the inflammatory response and tissue damage in rats treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate and high-salt diet (DOCA–salt), with or without mineralocorticoid receptor inhibition by spironolactone. To determine whether Th17 differentiation in DOCA–salt rats is caused by hypertension per se, DOCA–salt rats received antihypertensive therapy. In addition, to evaluate the pathogenic role of IL-17 in hypertension and tissue damage, we studied the effect of IL-17 blockade with a specific antibody (anti–IL-17). We found activation of Th17 cells and downregulation of forkhead box P3 mRNA in peripheral tissues, heart, and kidneys of DOCA–salt–treated rats. Spironolactone treatment prevented Th17 cell activation and increased numbers of forkhead box P3–positive cells relative to DOCA–salt rats. Antihypertensive therapy did not ameliorate Th17 activation in rats. Treatment of DOCA–salt rats with anti–IL-17 significantly reduced arterial hypertension as well as expression of profibrotic and proinflammatory mediators and collagen deposits in the heart and kidney. We conclude that mineralocorticoid receptor activation alters the Th17/regulatory T-lymphocyte/IL-17 pathway in mineralocorticoid-dependent hypertension as part of an inflammatory mechanism contributing to fibrosis.
Defect pattern recognition on nano/micro integrated circuits wafer

Detects on Nano/Micro integrated circuits wafer (ICW) tend to cluster and the spatial patterns of these defect clusters usually contain important information for quality engineers to remove the root causes of failures. In this paper, a new method consisting of noise filter, defect clustering by using chameleon method and model-based pattern recognition is proposed for automatic defect spatial pattern recognition on Nano/Micro ICW. The new method can not only find the number of defect clusters, and identify the pattern of each cluster, but also provide valuable information for the yield and reliability study. The method can recognize not only the linear/curvilinear patterns, ellipsoidal patterns, but also the ring spatial patterns.