Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone for Monochamus scutellatus scutellatus and an Attractant for the Congener Monochamus notatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

ABSTRACT We report identification and field testing of 2-(undecyloxy)-ethanol (monochamol) as a sex-specific, aggregation pheromone component produced by males of Monochamus scutellatus scutellatus (Say) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a longhorned beetle native to North America. A congener, Monochamus notatus (Drury), which uses the same hosts as M. s. scutellatus, also was attracted to this compound in field trials, suggesting it may be a pheromone component for this species as well. Panel traps were deployed along transects at each of five field sites in May 2010 to test attraction of native beetle species to a suite of cerambycid pheromone components, including monochamol, 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, (2R*,3R*)- and (2R*, 3S*)-2,3-hexanediol, racemic (E/Z)-fuscumol, and (E/Z)-fuscumol acetate. In total, 209 adult M. s. scutellatus (136 females, 73 males) and 20 M. notatus (16 females, four males) were captured, of which 86 and 70%, respectively, were captured in traps baited with monochamol (means significantly different). Analysis of headspace volatiles from adult M. s. scutellatus by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection confirmed that monochamol was produced only by males. Monochamol was not found in headspace extracts from adult M. notatus. This study provides further evidence that monochamol is a pheromone component common to several species in the genus Monochamus. The pheromone component should prove useful for monitoring native species for management purposes or conservation efforts, and for quarantine monitoring for exotic species.
Role clarity, fairness, and organizational climate as predictors of sickness absence

Aims: The majority of the research on the effects of the psychosocial work environment on sickness absenteeism has focused on components of job strain and social support among public sector employees without stratification by socioeconomic status. The authors examined less-studied work-related psychosocial predictors of sickness absence in the private sector by socioeconomic status. Methods: Questionnaire data on psychosocial factors at work were used to predict the rates of recorded short (1 - 3 days), long (4 - 21 days), and very long (over 21 days) sickness absences among 3,850 white- and blue-collar male and female employees in a large-scale enterprise. Multivariate Poisson regression models were adjusted for age, prior absence, and psychosocial factors at work. Results: In white-collar men, low role clarity was associated with a 3.0 (95% CI 1.3 - 7.1) times greater rate of very long absences than high role clarity. Low fairness in the division of labor predicted a 1.3-fold (95% CI 1.1 - 1.5) rate of long absences in blue-collar men. In blue-collar women, poor organizational climate was associated with a 1.6 (95% CI 1.0 - 2.5) times greater rate of short absence spells than favorable organizational climate but among white-collar women all associations between work-related psychosocial factors and sickness absenteeism were weak. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the actions to reduce psychosocial risk factors of sickness absence should match the specific needs of each socioeconomic group.
MR enterography in children: Principles, technique, and clinical applications

Abstract MR enterography is a constantly advancing technique for assessment of bowel with newer technology and sequences. It is being increasingly used for the assessment of inflammatory bowel disease and has almost replaced barium follow through examinations in many institutions. Its lack of radiation makes it an attractive alternative for bowel evaluation in children. It has been proved to be highly sensitive in the detection of Crohn disease in adults and children. It is also superior to barium studies in showing extra-enteric findings and detecting complications such as fistulas and abscesses. Even though at present it is almost exclusively used for the evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease, it has the potential to be used in other conditions affecting the bowel. The principles, MR enterography technique pertinent to children, and its utility in the assessment of Crohn disease in children are discussed in this review.
Immunisation coverage of children in the child welfare system: a systematic review protocol

Introduction Children may be placed in the care of the child welfare system when they require additional supports or intervention to ensure their safety and security. Transitions in living arrangements (eg, home to foster care and return to home) and other difficult circumstances for these children may result in interruptions in routine preventive healthcare, such as childhood immunisations. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to determine whether immunisation coverage is a problem among children in the child welfare system and identify any known supports and/or barriers to vaccine uptake in this population. Methods and analysis This systematic review will encompass published and unpublished primary research studies that assess (A) immunisation coverage of children in the child welfare system, (B) how this coverage compares to the general population and/or children not in the child welfare system, and (C) supports and barriers affecting immunisation status of these children. Vaccines in the recommended childhood immunisation schedule for each study setting will be considered. Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SocINDEX and ERIC will be comprehensively searched. We will also search ProQuest dissertations and theses, the Conference Proceedings Citation Index for Science and Social Science & Humanities, and a sample of relevant provincial, national and international websites. References of included studies will be manually searched for relevant studies. English language primary studies from 2000 to current focused on immunisations of children (age 0–17 years) in the child welfare system, in a high-income country, will be included. A narrative analysis of key findings from included studies will be performed and presented. Ethics and dissemination This protocol does not require ethics approval. Planned dissemination includes peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and briefs for policy makers. Trial registration number This protocol is registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registration number CRD42016047319.
A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT IN CARIBBEAN ANOLIS LIZARDS

Twenty‐seven islands in the Lesser Antilles contain either one or two species of Anolis lizards. On nine of the ten two‐species islands, the species differ substantially in size; 16 of the 17 one‐species islands harbor an intermediate‐sized species. Two processes could produce such a pattern: size adjustment (or character displacement), in which similar‐sized species evolve in different directions in sympatry; and size assortment, in which only different‐sized species can successfully colonize the same island together. Previous analyses implicitly have assumed that size is evolutionarily plastic and determined solely by recent ecological conditions, and consequently have tested the hypothesis that character displacement has occurred on each of the ten two‐species islands. Other studies have focused only on size assortment.
The Political Determinants of Refugee Status Recognition

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Exploring Business Undergraduates’ Journey and Decision-Making Processes while Immersed in Strategic Design Experience

The paper explores the delivery of a strategic design module within an undergraduate business education in UK. In light of the recent discourses to promote change in design education (Friedman, 2001; Cassim, 2013; Norman and Klemmer, 2014; Souleles, 2013), the learner’s journey and their decision-making process undertaken in the strategic design module are being investigated to highlight the potential of design process in contributing to business and management education. The paper follows participatory action research and draws on observations of learners’ engagement in a design process substantiated by insights from staff delivering on the module. The aim is to understand the nature of decisions the learners undertake in order to generate more effective learning and teaching strategies highlighting the value of strategic design. The insights gained illuminate learners recognition of the value of decisions grounded in empathy in addressing contemporary organisational challenges, whilst highlighting their avoidance of risk in decision-making and lack of perceived interconnectedness of those decisions. Thus, it is argued that the resulting awareness around decision-making can become a very useful tool in helping learners conceptualise what strategic design requires and understand their own learning experience.
Absorption, disposition, and urinary metabolism of 14C-rifabutin in rats

14C-rifabutin was given orally (25 mg/kg) and intravenously (i.v.) (10 mg/kg) to female Sprague-Dawley rats. Radioactivity was eliminated by both the renal and fecal routes, amounting to 44.49 and 43.39% of the dose, respectively, in urine and feces at 96 h after the oral dose and to 47.81 and 40.76% of the dose, respectively, in urine and feces after the i.v. dose. Differences between the two routes of administration were negligible. Tissue distribution of radioactivity after the oral dose was investigated by the combustion technique. At 2 h, the highest concentration of radioactivity was observed in the liver, followed by the lung, abdominal adipose tissue, and spleen, whereas at 72 h, the sequence was abdominal adipose tissue, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lung. Brain levels of radioactivity were very low. The results of whole-body autoradiography after i.v. administration confirmed the above. Whole-body autoradiography of pregnant rats showed higher concentrations of radioactivity in the uterus than in the placenta and trace levels in the fetuses up to 8 h. Radioactivity was absent in the amniotic fluid. The urinary metabolism was studied by radio-high-pressure liquid chromatography. Rifabutin accounted for 7.4 and 7.2% of the dose in 0- to 48-h urine after oral and i.v. administration, respectively. Metabolites 31-OH rifabutin and 25-O-deacetyl rifabutin amounted to 4.3 and 1.6% of the dose, respectively, after oral administration and to 2.6 and 0.7% of the dose, respectively, after i.v. administration. The remaining urinary radioactivity was mainly due to polar compounds.
Reducing hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers using bundle methodology in pediatric and neonatal patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy: An integrative review and call to action

PURPOSE This review focuses on identifying (1) evidence of the effectiveness of care bundle methodology to reduce hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) in pediatric and neonatal patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy and (2) barriers to implementing HAPU care bundles in this at-risk population. DESIGN AND METHODS An integrative review was conducted and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A search of the scientific literature was performed. Studies included were published between January 2011 and February 2016. A total of seven articles met inclusion criteria. Data were extracted from each published article and analyzed to identify common themes, specifically bundle methodology and barriers to implementing HAPU bundles, in this population. RESULTS There is limited research on effectiveness of care bundle methodology in reducing HAPUs in children, and no research specific to its effectiveness in pediatric or neonatal ECMO patients. No research was identified studying barriers to implementation of HAPU care bundles in this population. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses are well poised to test innovative strategies to prevent HAPUs. Nurses should consider implementing and testing bundle methodology to reduce HAPU in this at-risk population, and conduct research to identify any barriers to implementing this strategy. There is literature to support the use of nurses as unit-based skin care champions to facilitate teamwork and reliable use of the bundle, both critical components to the success of bundle methodology.
A review on the English language teacher education program in Turkey

The study is an integrative evaluative review that reviews, critiques, and synthesizes the existing literature on the English language teacher education program in Turkey and it compares the current program with the preceding EFL teacher education. Thus, the study focuses mainly on the strengths and weaknesses of the 1998 ELTEP program and the 2006 ELTEP program. It was found that the 2006 Reform fulfills the needs and expectations in general. Yet, there are a number of problems such as the insufficient ‘microteaching’ activities and teaching practice opportunities. In addition, the English language teacher education should be revised and updated systematically, and a well-defined philosophy should be developed as well.
Anticoagulant Heparan Sulfate Precursor Structures in F9 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells*

To understand the mechanisms that control anticoagulant heparan sulfate (HSact) biosynthesis, we previously showed that HSact production in the F9 system is determined by the abundance of 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 as well as the size of the HSact precursor pool. In this study, HSact precursor structures have been studied by characterizing [6-3H]GlcN metabolically labeled F9 HS tagged with 3-O-sulfates in vitro by 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phospho-35S and purified 3-O-sulfotransferase-1. This later in vitrolabeling allows the regions of HS destined to become the antithrombin (AT)-binding sites to be tagged for subsequent structural studies. It was shown that six 3-O-sulfation sites exist per HSact precursor chain. At least five out of six 3-O-sulfate-tagged oligosaccharides in HSactprecursors bind AT, whereas none of 3-O-sulfate-tagged oligosaccharides from HSinact precursors bind AT. When treated with low pH nitrous or heparitinase, 3-O-sulfate-tagged HSact and HSinact precursors exhibit clearly different structural features. 3-O-Sulfate-tagged HSacthexasaccharides were AT affinity purified and sequenced by chemical and enzymatic degradations. The 3-O-sulfate-tagged HSact hexasaccharides exhibited the following structures, ΔUA-[6-3H]GlcNAc6S-GlcUA-[6-3H]GlcNS335S±6S-IdceA2S-[6-3H]GlcNS6S. The underlined 6- and 3-O-sulfates constitute the most critical groups for AT binding in view of the fact that the precursor hexasaccharides possess all the elements for AT binding except for the 3-O-sulfate moiety. The presence of five potential AT-binding precursor hexasaccharides in all HSact precursor chains demonstrates for the first time the processive assembly of specific sequence in HS. The difference in structures around potential 3-O-sulfate acceptor sites in HSact and HSinact precursors suggests that these precursors might be generated by different concerted assembly mechanisms in the same cell. This study permits us to understand better the nature of the HS biosynthetic pathway that leads to the generation of specific saccharide sequences.
Current-limiting droop controller with fault-ride-through capability for grid-tied inverters

In this paper, the recently proposed current-limiting droop (CLD) controller for grid-connected inverters is enhanced in order to comply with the Fault-Ride-Through (FRT) requirements set by the Grid Code under grid voltage sags. The proposed version of the CLD extends the operation of the original CLD by fully utilizing the power capacity of the inverter under grid faults. It is analytically proven that during a grid fault, the inverter current increases but never violates a given maximum value. Based on this property, an FRT algorithm is proposed and embedded into the proposed control design to support the voltage of the grid. In contrast to the existing FRT algorithms that change the desired values of both the real and reactive power, the proposed method maximizes only the reactive power to support the grid voltage and the real power automatically drops due to the inherent current-limiting property. Extensive simulations are presented to compare the proposed control approach with the original CLD under a faulty grid.
68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, 99mTc-HYNIC-Octreotide SPECT/CT, and Whole-Body MR Imaging in Detection of Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Prospective Trial

There are different metabolic imaging methods, various tracers, and emerging anatomic modalities to stage neuroendocrine tumor (NET). We aimed to compare NET lesion detectability among 99mTc-hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC)-octreotide (somatostatin receptor scintigraphy [SSRS]) SPECT/CT, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, and whole-body diffusion-weighted MR imaging (WB DWI). Methods: Nineteen consecutive patients (34–77 y old; mean, 54.3 ± 10.4 y old; 10 men and 9 women) underwent SSRS SPECT/CT, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, and WB DWI. Images were acquired with a maximum interval of 3 mo between them and were analyzed with masking by separate teams. Planar whole-body imaging and SPECT/CT were performed from thorax to pelvis using a double-head 16-slice SPECT/CT scanner 4 h after injection of 111–185 MBq of 99mTc-HYNIC-octreotide. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT was performed from head to feet using a 16-slice PET/CT scanner 45 min after injection of 185 MBq of tracer. WB DWI was performed in the coronal plane using a 1.5-T scanner and a body coil. The standard method of reference for evaluation of image performance was undertaken: consensus among investigators at the end of the study, clinical and imaging follow-up, and biopsy of suggestive lesions. Results: McNemar testing was applied to evaluate the detectability of lesions using 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in comparison to SSRS SPECT/CT and WB DWI: a significant difference in detectability was noted for pancreas (P = 0.0455 and P = 0.0455, respectively), gastrointestinal tract (P = 0.0455 and P = 0.0455), and bones (P = 0.0082 and P = 0.0082). Two unknown primary lesions were identified solely by 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, SSRS SPECT/CT, and WB DWI demonstrated, respectively, sensitivities of 0.96, 0.60, and 0.72; specificities of 0.97, 0.99, and 1.00; positive predictive values of 0.94, 0.96, and 1.00; negative predictive values of 0.98, 0.83, and 0.88; and accuracies of 0.97, 0.86, and 0.91. Conclusion: 68Ga PET/CT seems to be more sensitive for detection of well-differentiated NET lesions, especially for bone and unknown primary lesions. NET can be staged with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT. WB DWI is an efficient new method with high accuracy and without ionizing radiation exposure. SSRS SPECT/CT should be used only when 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and WB DWI are not available.
Psychometric Properties of the German Version of the Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index - Version IV

Background: Although the Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index - Version IV (BPDSI-IV) has already been used in several studies, psychometric properties are only known from two developing studies. Sampling and Methods: To examine item characteristics, reliability, and validity indicators, a large sample including subjects with borderline personality disorder (n = 163), a mixed psychiatric group (n = 58), and a healthy control group (n = 43) were interviewed with the German version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SCID-II) as well as the BPDSI-IV. Results: The indices for interrater reliability as well as internal consistency of the BPDSI-IV were excellent to good. The total score and the subscales of the BPDSI-IV discriminated between diagnostic subgroups. As expected, its subscales were associated with the scores in the SCID-II and applied self-rating measures. Conclusions: In a subsequent version, subscales might have to be adapted to the proposed traits of the borderline type in DSM-V.
High‐Level Gene Expression for Recombinant Penicillin Acylase Production Using the araB Promoter System in Escherichia coli

The pac gene encoding penicillin acylase (PAC) was overexpressed under the regulation of the araB promoter (ParaB, also known as PBAD) in Escherichia coli(E. coli). The current ParaB expression system exhibited minimum leaking pac expression in the absence of arabinose as well as fast and high‐level pac expression upon induction with arabinose in a wide concentration range. The production of PAC was limited by the accumulation of PAC precursors (i.e., proPAC in both soluble and insoluble forms) and various negative cellular responses, such as growth arrest and cell lysis. The culture performance could be improved by degP coexpression and the individual contribution of DegP protease and chaperone activities to the enhancement on the production of PAC was characterized. The study highlights the importance of identifying the step(s) limiting high‐level gene expression and subsequent design and construction of the host/vector system for enhancing recombinant protein production in E. coli.
Simple and Inexpensive Fluorescence-Based Technique for High-Throughput Antimalarial Drug Screening

ABSTRACT Radioisotopic assays involve expense, multistep protocols, equipment, and radioactivity safety requirements which are problematic in high-throughput drug testing. This study reports an alternative, simple, robust, inexpensive, one-step fluorescence assay for use in antimalarial drug screening. Parasite growth is determined by using SYBR Green I, a dye with marked fluorescence enhancement upon contact with Plasmodium DNA. A side-by-side comparison of this fluorescence assay and a standard radioisotopic method was performed by testing known antimalarial agents against Plasmodium falciparum strain D6. Both assay methods were used to determine the effective concentration of drug that resulted in a 50% reduction in the observed counts (EC50) after 48 h of parasite growth in the presence of each drug. The EC50s of chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, artemisinin, and 3,6-bis-ε-(N,N-diethylamino)-amyloxyxanthone were similar or identical by both techniques. The results obtained with this new fluorescence assay suggest that it may be an ideal method for high-throughput antimalarial drug screening.
Wealth Taxation and Wealth Accumulation: Theory and Evidence from Denmark

Using administrative wealth records from Denmark, we study the effects of wealth taxes on wealth accumulation. Denmark used to impose one of the world’s highest marginal tax rates on wealth, but this tax was greatly reduced starting in 1989 and later abolished. Due to the specific design of the wealth tax, the 1989 reform provides a compelling quasi-experiment for understanding behavioral responses among the wealthiest segments of the population. We find clear reduced-form effects of wealth taxes in the short and medium run, with larger effects on the very wealthy than on the moderately wealthy. We develop a simple life cycle model with utility of residual wealth (bequests) allowing us to interpret the evidence in terms of structural primitives. We calibrate the model to the quasi-experimental moments and simulate the model forward to estimate the long-run effect of wealth taxes on wealth accumulation. Our simulations show that the long-run elasticity of taxable wealth with respect to the net-of-tax return is sizable at the top of the distribution.