Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intrinsically Stretchable Biphasic (Solid–Liquid) Thin Metal Films

Stretchable biphasic conductors are formed by physical vapor deposition of gallium onto an alloying metal film. The properties of the photolithography-compatible thin metal films are highlighted by low sheet resistance (0.5 Ω sq(-1) ) and large stretchability (400%). This novel approach to deposit and pattern liquid metals enables extremely robust, multilayer and soft circuits, sensors, and actuators.
EMU AND THE INDUSTRIAL SPECIALISATION OF EUROPEAN REGIONS

The formation of the currency union reduces transaction costs thereby incresing interregional trade links, changing the centrality of regions relative to other regions, and increasing (price) competition between regions. Each of these lines of influence affects the interregional division of labour, i.e., the industrial specialisation of regions. In an opposite direction, industrial specialisation of regions itself may significantly affect the susceptibility of regions to region-specific shocks, and the centre-periphery differential of regional incomes. It is influenced considerably by the integration process, and it determines what the results of this process on regions are. However, it is not yet clear what exactly will be the results of EMU with respect to specialisation since theoretical considerations (particularly on the base of the “new economic geography”) lead to rather contradicting predictions and empirical evidence on the process of European integration so far is sparse and inconclusive.
Commitment in the cloud? Social media participation in the sunflower movement

ABSTRACT Social media participants in digitally enabled protests have long been criticized for their lack of commitment. Many bypassed this issue and argued that social media’s positive impact on protests does not require high commitment. We empirically test the lack of commitment claim in the case of the 2014 Sunflower Movement in Taiwan. Using survey data from a sample of 801 participants, we find a group of highly active social media participants – what we described as the ‘cloud activists’ – who operated exclusively online during the movement. We find that the commitment of the ‘cloud activists’, in terms of both identification and sense of efficacy, is at least in par with, if not always necessarily higher than, most offline participants. Furthermore, contrasting previous findings on the positive linear relationship between social media use and offline participation, we find the effect of social media can be either positive or negative, depending on the level of social media activity. We suggest that production in virtual space of contentious politics may consist of different processes – peer production by the online crowd and connective leadership by the ‘cloud activists’ who shoulder extra responsibilities. Identifying ‘cloud activists’ may help us achieve a better understanding of these two interrelated processes as well as the way in which digitally enabled protests persist and transform over time.
Unified Control of Photovoltaic Grid-Connection and Power Quality Managements

This paper presents a control system that combines photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected generation and power quality managements. With the proposed structure, the system can not only realize photovoltaic generation, but also suppress current harmonics, compensate reactive power, eliminate voltage sags or swells and mitigate instantly power interruption and other power quality problems. An adaptive predictive maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is employed to improve the efficiency of PV generation. To simplify the control, the synchronous reference frame method is applied in modeling the inverter. The structure of a faster internal current control loop and a slower external voltage control loop is used in order to obtain a good dynamic response. The simulation results verify the good performance of the proposed controller.
ARTICLE; AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY A simple method for RNA isolation from various tissues of the tree Neolamarckia cadamba

Plant tissues contain abundant polysaccharides, phenolic compounds and other metabolites, which makes it difficult to isolate high-quality RNA from them. In addition, Neolamarckia cadamba contains large quantities of other components, particularly RNA-binding alkaloids, which makes the isolation even more challenging. Here, we describe a concise and efficient RNA isolation method that combines the cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and Plant RNA Kit (Omega) protocols. Gel electrophoresis showed that RNA extracted from all tissues, using this protocol, was of good integrity and without DNA contamination. Furthermore, the isolated RNA was of high purity, with an A 260 /A 280 ratio of 2.1 and an A 260 /A 230 ratio of >2.0. The isolated RNA was also suitable for downstream applications, such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR). The RNA isolation method was also efficient for recalcitrant plant tissues. Abbreviations cDNA complementary DNA CTAB cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide DEPC diethyl pyrocarbonate EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone RNase ribonuclease rRNA ribosomal RNA RT-PCR reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction Introduction Neolamarckia cadamba is a synonym for Anthocephalus chinensis and belongs to the family Rubiaceae. This is a fast-growing evergreen broadleaf tree species distributed in tropical and southern Asia. [1] It was universally accepted as 'a miraculous tree' at the World Forestry Congress in 1972, because of its rapid growth. This species also has significant development and utilization value in South China. To date, research has been focused on the medicinal compounds present in N. cadamba, particularly alkaloids,[2À5] but few studies of its molecular biology, based on isolation of high-quality RNA, have been performed.
Trapped between madness and motherhood: Mothering alone

ABSTRACT This article examines the experience of motherhood among 14 women with mental health problems. The aim is to discuss the subjective meaning of being a mother with mental health problems through the perspective of structural factors such as discourses on motherhood and mental illness. The article shows how these mothers are caught in a bind between the discourses of mentally ill mothers as “deviant” and the current ideology of “intensive mothering. ” The empirical material reveals two main, interwoven patterns of identity work: the struggle for normality, and how to handle a self-identity as a “dangerous” mother. The mothers understood the stress and difficulties they experienced as personal problems, resulting in self-blaming, feelings of loneliness, and a resistance towards expressing a need for help with parenting issues. The findings suggest that understanding these mothers’ ambivalence towards intervention as a kind of complex identity work—rather than as reluctance to receive help, or denial of their own problems—might be a way for professional helpers to build a confident relationship with mentally ill mothers.
Scalable and Reliable Collaborative Spam Filters: Harnessing the Global Social Email Networks

We introduce a collaborative anti-spam system that is based on pervasive global social email networks. Essentially, we provide a solution to this open research problem: given a network of N users who are willing to share information collaboratively (e.g. the digests or ngerprints of known spams), how do we search for each user's content e ciently and reliably in a distributed manner with minimal tra c cost on the network? As a solution to this open problem, our proposed system employs the percolation search process, which makes the tra c generated due to queries for spam digests scale sublinearly as a function of N . However, in order to reap the bene ts of this novel percolation search algorithm, the node degree distribution of the underlying network must be heavy-tailed. Interestingly, latent global social email networks comprising of personal contacts possess a power-law heavy-tailed degree distribution, which renders itself an ideal natural platform to employ the percolation search algorithm. As a result, our proposed distributed spam lter requires no dedicated peer-to-peer (P2P) systems or centralized server-based systems. We have performed large-scale simulations and we nd that the system achieves a spam detection rate close to 100%, while the false positive rate is kept around zero. The bandwidth cost per user as well as the system-wide bandwidth cost are shown to be very low. Electrical Engineering Deptartment, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095. y Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
Magnetometer bias calibration based on relative angular position: Theory and experimental comparative evaluation

This paper reports on a novel method for estimating the sensor bias of three-axis magnetometers (or any other field sensor). Our approach employs relative angular position measurements to estimate the three-axis magnetometer measurement bias, significantly improving magnetometer-based attitude estimation. Relative angular position measurements can be calculated from a variety of sources, including multiview image registration or laser-based scan matching. We report two methods implementing this approach based on batch linear least squares and a real-time discrete Kalman filter. Compared with previously reported methods our approach is time independent and less restrictive with data sampling. In addition, our two methods (i) are empirically shown to impose less restrictive conditions for the movements of the instrument required for calibration, (ii) do not require knowledge of the direction of the field (e.g., the local magnetic field) or the attitude of the instrument, and (iii) also ensure convergence for the estimated parameters. The proposed methods are evaluated and compared with previously reported methods in both numerical simulation and in comparative experimental evaluation using cameras and magnetometer sensors under different conditions.
Word meaning in word identification during reading: Co-occurrence-based semantic neighborhood density effects

Identifying individual words is an essential part of the reading process that should occur first so that understanding the structural relations between words and comprehending the sentence as a whole may take place. Therefore, lexical processing (or word identification) has received much attention in the literature, with many researchers exploring the effects of different aspects of word representation (orthographic, phonological, and semantic information of words) in word identification. While the influence of many orthographic and phonological factors in normal reading are well researched and understood (Rayner, 1998, 2009), the effect of semantic characteristics of a word in its identification has received relatively less attention. A complete account of lexical processing during normal reading requires understanding the role of word meaning in lexical processing. Currently, little is understood about whether and how the meaning of an individual word is extracted during early stages of word identification. This article primarily focuses on how word meaning contributes to the process of word identification.
Differential detection of impact site versus rotational site injury by magnetic resonance imaging and microglial morphology in an unrestrained mild closed head injury model

Seventy‐five percent of all traumatic brain injuries are mild and do not cause readily visible abnormalities on routine medical imaging making it difficult to predict which individuals will develop unwanted clinical sequelae. Microglia are brain‐resident macrophages and early responders to brain insults. Their activation is associated with changes in morphology or expression of phenotypic markers including P2Y12 and major histocompatibility complex class II. Using a murine model of unrestrained mild closed head injury (mCHI), we used microglia as reporters of acute brain injury at sites of impact versus sites experiencing rotational stress 24 h post‐mCHI. Consistent with mild injury, a modest 20% reduction in P2Y12 expression was detected by quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) analysis but only in the impacted region of the cortex. Furthermore, neither an influx of blood‐derived immune cells nor changes in microglial expression of CD45, TREM1, TREM2, major histocompatibility complex class II or CD40 were detected. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), small reductions in T2 weighted values were observed but only near the area of impact and without overt tissue damage (blood deposition, edema). Microglial morphology was quantified without cryosectioning artifacts using ScaleA2 clarified brains from CX3CR1‐green fluorescence protein (GFP) mice. The cortex rostral to the mCHI impact site receives greater rotational stress but neither MRI nor molecular markers of microglial activation showed significant changes from shams in this region. However, microglia in this rostral region did display signs of morphologic activation equivalent to that observed in severe CHI. Thus, mCHI‐triggered rotational stress is sufficient to cause injuries undetectable by routine MRI that could result in altered microglial surveillance of brain homeostasis.
The Evolution of the Optical and Near-Infrared Galaxy Luminosity Functions and Luminosity Densities to z ~ 2

Using Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based U through Ks photometry from the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey, we measure the evolution of the luminosity function and luminosity density in the rest-frame optical (U, B, and R) to z ~ 2, bridging the poorly explored "redshift desert" between z ~ 1 and ~2. We also use deep near-infrared observations to measure the evolution in the rest-frame J band to z ~ 1. Compared to local measurements from the SDSS, we find a brightening of the characteristic magnitude, M*, by ~2.1, ~0.8, and ~0.7 mag between z ~ 0.1 and ~1.9, in U, B, and R, respectively. The evolution of M* in the J band is in the opposite sense, showing a dimming between redshifts z ~ 0.4 and 0.9. This is consistent with a scenario in which the mean star formation rate in galaxies was higher in the past, while the mean stellar mass was lower, in qualitative agreement with hierarchical galaxy formation models. We find that the shape of the luminosity function is strongly dependent on spectral type and that there is strong evolution with redshift in the relative contribution from the different spectral types to the luminosity density. We find good agreement with previous measurements, supporting an increase in the B-band luminosity density by a factor of ~2 between the local value and z ~ 1, and little evolution between z ~ 1 and ~2. We provide estimates of the uncertainty in our luminosity density measurements due to cosmic variance. We find good agreement in the luminosity function derived from an R-selected and a Ks-selected sample at z ~ 1, suggesting that optically selected surveys of similar depth (R ≲ 24) are not missing a significant fraction of objects at this redshift relative to a near-infrared-selected sample. We compare the rest-frame B-band luminosity functions from z = 0 to 2 with the predictions of a semianalytic hierarchical model of galaxy formation and find qualitatively good agreement. In particular, the model predicts at least as many optically luminous galaxies at z ~ 1-2 as are implied by our observations.
Deviation Estimation between Distributed Data Streams

The analysis of massive data streams is fundamental in many monitoring applications. In particular, for networks operators, it is a recurrent and crucial issue to determine whether huge data streams, received at their monitored devices, are correlated or not as it may reveal the presence of malicious activities in the network system. We propose a metric, called our metric, that allows to evaluate the correlation between distributed streams. This metric is inspired from classical metric in statistics and probability theory, and as such allows us to understand how observed quantities change together, and in which proportion. We then propose to estimate the our metric in the data stream model. In this model, functions are estimated on a huge sequence of data items, in an online fashion, and with a very small amount of memory with respect to both the size of the input stream and the values domain from which data items are drawn. We give upper and lower bounds on the quality of the our metric, and provide both local and distributed algorithms that additively approximates the our metric among n data streams by using math cal Oleft((1/varepsilon)log(1/delta)left(log N + log mright)right) bits of space for each of the n nodes, where N is the domain value from which data items are drawn, and m is the maximal stream's length. To the best of our knowledge, such a metric has never been proposed so far.
Stable Operation and Electricity Generating Characteristics of a Single-Cylinder Free Piston Engine Linear Generator: Simulation and Experiments

We present a novel design of a single-cylinder free piston engine linear generator (FPELG) incorporating a linear motor as a rebound device. A systematic simulation model of this FPELG system was built containing a kinematic and dynamic model of the piston and mover, a magneto-electric model of the linear generator, a thermodynamic model of the single-cylinder engine, and a friction model between the piston ring and cylinder liner. Simulations were performed to understand the relationships between pre-set motor parameters and the running performance of the FPELG. From the simulation results, it was found that a motor rebound force with a parabolic profile had clear advantages over a force with a triangular profile, such as a higher running frequency and peak cylinder pressure, faster piston motion, etc. The rebound position and the amplitude of rebound force were also determined by simulations. The energy conversion characteristics of the generator were obtained from our FPELG test rig. The parameters of intake pressure, motor frequency, and load resistance were varied over certain ranges, and relationships among these three parameters were obtained. The electricity-generating characteristic parameters include output power and system efficiency, which can measure the quality of matching the controllable parameters. The output power can reach 25.9 W and the system efficiency can reach 13.7%. The results in terms of matching parameters and electricity-generating characteristics should be useful to future research in adapting these engines to various operating modes.
Collection of high-level microprocessor bugs from formal verification of pipelined and superscalar designs

The paper presents a collection of 93 different bugs, detected in formal verification of 65 student designs that include: 1) single-issue pipelined DLX processors; 2) extensions with exceptions and branch prediction; and 3) dual-issue superscalar implementations. The processors were described in a high-level HDL, and were formally verified with an automatic tool flow. The bugs are analyzed and classified, and can be used in research on micro-processor testing.
Design of Smart Grid Prosumer Communities via Online Social Networking Communities

Smart Grid (SG) achieves bidirectional energy and information flow between the energy user and the utility grid, allowing energy users not only to consume energy, but also to generate the energy and share it with the utility grid or with other energy consumers. This type of energy user who both consumes and generates energy is called the “prosumer”. The sustainability of the SG energy sharing process heavily depends on its participating prosumers, making prosumer participation and management schemes crucial in the energy sharing approaches. However, the existing literature on SG energy sharing has given very little attention to managing prosumers. The contribution of this paper is twofold: first, we provide a comprehensive stateof-the-art review of managing prosumers in the context of SG and introduce the concept of goal oriented prosumer-communities through learning the aspects from social network communities. Second, we present a conceptual framework for forming a prosumer-community, based on online community formation. The significance of the prosumer community concept is that this will allow prosumers to collectively bargain for the energy with utility companies, thus offering the small players (prosumers) the negotiation power to be on par with big players (providers) and eliminate the dividing gap between them.
Exploring Appropriation of Global Cultural Rituals Dr

Adolescents, as a consequence of identification with popular culture, have been described as having homogenous consumption patterns. More recently, however, it has been recognised that ‘glocalisation’ (global practices reworked to fit local contexts) affords an opportunity for differentiation. This paper considers a recent UK phenomenon, namely that of the US high school prom, and seeks to explore the ways in which this ritual has been adopted or adapted as part of youth culture. The method employed here was mixed methods and included in-depth interviews with those who attended a prom in the last three years as well as a questionnaire distributed amongst high school pupils who were anticipating a high school prom. The findings illustrate that the high school prom in the UK is becoming increasingly integrated into the fabric of youth culture although, depending on the agentic abilities employed by the emerging adults in the sample, there is differing appropriation of this ritual event particularly in relation to attitudes towards and motivations for attending the prom. A typology of prom attendees is posited. This paper contributes to our understanding of this practice in a local context.
Effect of intersection spacing on MR image contrast and study time.

The effects of section separation on image contrast and calculated T1 relaxation times were investigated in healthy volunteers and a phantom using an early commercial version magnetic resonance imaging system. The effects are explained qualitatively on the basis of side lobes of excitation occurring outside the selected section resulting in reduction of the time permitted for T1 relaxation. The options for dealing with imperfect section selection, including separation of the sections (i.e., leaving gaps) and nonsequential excitation, are illustrated and the trade-offs involved in each explained.
Art or Confession?: Evaluating Rap Lyrics as Evidence in Criminal Cases

For decades, scholars have studied mechanisms that might explain racial disparities in the criminal justice system. One novel example of a practice that may contribute to continuing disparities is the introduction of defendant-authored rap lyrics as evidence in criminal trials. Across the United States, prosecutors are introducing rap lyrics as confession evidence to establish guilt. Concerns about this practice have been articulated by scholars and others but rarely empirically examined. This study begins to address this lacuna. In particular, this study examines how lyrics are evaluated when presented in a trial context and determines how individuals change their evaluations of the lyrics to support their verdict. Participants were tasked with evaluating evidence, including rap lyrics, independently and in the context of a trial and then rendering a verdict. Results indicate that rap lyrics are viewed as interdependent with other evidence when presented at trial. Furthermore, although evaluations of lyrics did not predict determinations of guilt, verdict affected whether the lyrics were evaluated as a confession, and this effect was stronger for participants who believed the defendant was guilty. These findings highlight how introducing rap lyrics might disproportionately advantage prosecutors and contribute to our understanding of racial disparities in the criminal justice system.