Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Leicester Model of Interprofessional Education: Developing, delivering and learning from student voices for 10 years

There are few sustained interprofessional learning opportunities in practice which engage the whole cohort of health and social care students across a region, the Leicester Model of Interprofessional Education is such an example. Since 1995 the Leicester Model has evolved to enable health and social care students to learn about the complexities of delivering multi-agency care in a range of health and social care settings. The learning environment is situated at the front line of service delivery. The education model takes students through a cycle of learning and applies a problem-solving, experiential learning approach which promotes deep learning. Follow-up data indicates that deep learning is achieved. This paper describes the original setting and presents the evaluation outcomes of the Leicester Model's “Health in the Community” course, which is delivered in city-centre communities, where inequalities in health are greatest. It traces a ten-year trajectory of interprofessional student group evaluations which helped shape this learning experience. Year-on-year positive student outcomes indicate the potential of the model to motivate and prepare future professionals for team working. Its sustainability has been achieved through ensuring the integration of education research in the development process, engagement of practitioners who value the student contributions to team working, placing patients central to the learning experience and establishing working partnerships between Higher Education Institutions, local health and social care organizations and the voluntary sector.
Real time resource allocation on a dynamic two level symbiotic fog architecture

A multitude of computing devices are networked around us but most do not harness their computation capacity to the fullest. With this as the core motivation, Cisco delivered the vision of fog computing to run applications on local nearby devices at network edge instead of the cloud. Fog's close proximity to client devices, dense geographical distribution and support for mobility provides end users with a cheap computational resource available at very fast speeds. We extend this architecture through the inclusion of dynamic resources, each of which consists of the residual computing capacity of a particular edge device. Thus, edge devices are allowed to dynamically arrive into the system for an interval known a priori (at the time of it's arrival) and lend a fraction of their computing capacities against financial incentives. We present a novel two level framework for the symbiotic sharing and consolidation of edge computing resources targeted towards realizing a real time fog computing environment with high resource utilization. Further, the framework has been extended to imbibe profit awareness by ensuring a minimum guaranteed revenue to the fog service provider. Our simulation based experiments on diverse datasets have procured promising results.
Effective Matrix Factorization for Online Rating Prediction

Recommender systems have been widely utilized by online merchants and online advertisers to promote their products in order to improve profits. By evaluating customer interests based on their purchase history and relating it to commodities for sale these retailers could excavate out products which are most likely to be chosen by a specific customer. In this case, online ratings given by customers are of great interest as they could reflect different levels of customers’ interest on different products. Collaborative Filtering (CF) approach is chosen by a large amount of web-based retailers for their recommender systems because CF operates on interactions between customers and products. In this paper, a major approach of CF, Matrix Factorization, is modified to give more accurate recommendations by predicting online ratings.
Heterogenous market hypothesis evaluation using multipower variation volatility

ABSTRACT High-frequency trading activities are one of the common phenomena in nowadays financial markets. Enormous amounts of high-frequency trading data are generated by huge numbers of market participants in every trading day. The availability of this information allows researchers to further examine the statistical properties of informationally efficient market hypothesis (EMH). Heterogenous market hypothesis (HMH) is one of the important extensions of EMH literature. HMH introduced nonlinear trading behaviors of heterogenous market participants instead of normality assumption under the EMH homogenous market participants. In this study, we attempt to explore more high-frequency volatility estimators in the HMH examination. These include the bipower, tripower, and quadpower variation integrated volatility estimates using Heterogenous AutoRegressive (HAR) models. The empirical findings show that these alternatives multipower variation (MPV) estimators provide better estimation and out-of-sample forecast evaluations as compared to the standard realized volatility. In other words, the usage of MPV estimators is able to better explain the HMH statistically. At last, a market risk determination is illustrated using value-at-risk approach.
Bag-of-words-based anomaly-detection principal component analysis and stochastic optimization for debris flow detection and evacuation planning

Abstract. Debris flows are natural disasters, with soil mass, rocks, and water traveling down a mountainside slope. Debris flows are extremely dangerous; their occurrence incurs huge losses to life and property. The purpose of this research is to develop debris flow detection and emergency evacuation systems. A bag-of-words model is established for analyzing the features of debris flow events, and an anomaly-detection principal component analysis (PCA) model is proposed to detect debris flow. Using real-time debris flow prediction and monitoring, a stochastic optimization model for evacuation planning is formulated. Case studies of debris flow detection in Shenmu village and Fengchiu, central Taiwan, are conducted. Shenmu village and Fengchiu are areas of high potential debris flow, and each has a population of around 800 people. The results show that combining bag-of-words and anomaly-detection PCA methods could predict 6 out of 8 occurrences of actual events, providing a prediction rate of 75 %. In addition, the models make 13 predictions, and 6 of them are correct, providing a prediction accuracy of 46 %. Optimal parameters (including window size, bag length, filter ratio of training data, and anomaly threshold) of the models are also examined to increase the accuracy of debris flow prediction.
Role of pncA and rpsA Gene Sequencing in Detection of Pyrazinamide Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Southern China

ABSTRACT We sequenced pncA and rpsA genes plus flanking regions of 161 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and found 10 new pncA and 3 novel rpsA mutations in pyrazinamide-resistant strains determined by the Bactec MGIT 960 system. The 3′ end of rpsA might be added as the target of molecular detection of pyrazinamide susceptibility.
Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele, AD pathology, and the clinical expression of Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the APOE epsilon4 allele is associated with the clinical manifestations of AD through an association with the pathologic hallmarks of disease. METHODS Participants were older Catholic nuns, priests, and brothers who agreed to annual neurologic and neuropsychological evaluation for AD and other common neurologic conditions and brain autopsy at the time of death. There were 77 persons without dementia and 51 with probable AD; 38 participants had one or more epsilon4 alleles. RESULTS In logistic regression analyses, controlling for age, sex, and education, the epsilon4 allele was strongly associated with the likelihood of clinical AD (odds = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.44 to 8.33). However, controlling for the effect of AD pathology, the association of the epsilon allele with clinical AD was reduced by >50% and was no longer significant (odds = 1.58, 95% CI = 0.56 to 4.43). Similarly, in linear regression analyses, controlling for age, sex, and education, the epsilon4 allele was strongly associated with level of cognitive function proximate to death (regression coefficient = -0.477, p = 0.005). However, after controlling for the effect of AD pathology, the association of the epsilon4 allele with level of cognition was reduced by >80% and was no longer significant (regression coefficient = -0.093). Similar results were found in analyses using separate measures of neuritic plaques, diffuse plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles, and in analyses of five different cognitive systems (episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, perceptual speed, and visuospatial ability). CONCLUSIONS The APOE epsilon4 allele appears to be associated with the clinical manifestations of AD through an association with the pathologic hallmarks of AD rather than another mechanism.
Convergent evolution of a symbiotic duet: the case of the lichen genus Polychidium (Peltigerales, Ascomycota).

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Thallus architecture has long been a powerful guide for classifying lichens and has often trumped photobiont association and ascomatal type, but the reliability of these characters to predict phylogenetic affinity has seldom been tested. The cyanolichen genus Polychidium unites species that have strikingly similar gross morphology but consort with different photobiont genera. If Polychidium were found to be monophyletic, photobiont switching among closely related species would be suggested. If, however, species were found to arise in different lineages, a convergent body plan and ascomatal type evolution would be inferred. METHODS We tested the monophyly of Polychidium with a multilocus phylogeny based on nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data from all known Peltigeralean families and reconstructed ancestral states for specific thallus architecture and ascomatal ontogeny types relative to Polychidium and other clades. KEY RESULTS We found that Polychidium consists of two species groups that arose independently in different suborders within the Peltigerales, associated with Nostoc and Scytonema photobionts, respectively. We infer from ancestral character state reconstruction that dendroid thallus architecture evolved independently in these two lineages. CONCLUSIONS The independent development of similar dendroid thallus architecture in different fungal suborders with different photobionts represents a clear and previously overlooked example of convergent evolution in lichens. Our results also suggest a pattern of character state conservation, loss, and reversion in ascomatal ontogeny types, hitherto considered conserved traits useful for higher level ascomycete systematics.
Millimeter-Wave Circularly Polarized Tapered-Elliptical Cavity Antenna With Wide Axial-Ratio Beamwidth

A millimeter-wave (mm-wave) circularly polarized (CP) antenna with wide axial-ratio (AR) beamwidth, consisting of L-shaped patches (LSPs) and a tapered elliptical cavity (TEC), is presented. The LSPs are fed by a transverse slot on the top metal surface of a substrate integrated waveguide, to excite two orthogonal modes in the cavity for CP radiation. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna can achieve a bandwidth from 56.9 to 63.4 GHz for both axial ratio≤ 3 dB and reflection coefficient |S11|≤ - 10 dB, and an average broadside gain of 10.4 dBi. In particular, the measured 3-dB AR beamwidths (ARBWs) at 60 GHz in the two orthogonal elevation planes have been extended to 134° in an angular range from -74° to 60°. The measured results agree reasonably with the simulated ones.
Editor’s Presentation

How suitable is the screening of the general population recommended by the current European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention? Based on a cross-sectional population-based study of 978 men and women aged 40–65 years examined in 2010–2011, Vinther et al. estimated that 12.5% of the Danish population fulfilled the criteria for immediate medical treatment to prevent CVD. A further 30.4% would have been recommended medical treatment if the initial lifestyle intervention failed, making a total of 42.9% of the population eligible for medical treatment, that is, nearly half the Danish population aged 40–65 years. One crucial point is missing: in an era of limited resources, any low-cost strategy in health promotion and primary prevention is, of course, highly desirable. In fact, the European Guidelines on CVD prevention recommend lifestyle advice as a first approach and the use of medication is recommended only if lifestyle changes prove insufficient.
Seeing Beyond Foreground Occlusion: A Joint Framework for SAP-Based Scene Depth and Appearance Reconstruction

Foreground occlusion is a significant challenge in three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction. In this paper, we first characterize the differences between multiview reconstruction with and without foreground occlusion. In order to reconstruct target scene, we attempt to see through the foreground occlusion using synthetic aperture photography. Different from existing methods, we propose a more generalized model for scene reconstruction, in which the target scene may not be fully observed by any of reference view. Assuming both scene depth and appearance are unknown, we reconstruct 3-D scene from camera array data by selecting optimal views with pixel based clustering. Then, we propose an iterative reconstruction approach in global optimization framework, in which we refine the reconstruction results by applying a coarse-to-fine strategy. Even when all views are partially occluded, our approach can recover accurate depth map as well as scene appearance using camera array data. Experimental results have indicated that the proposed approach is more robust to foreground occlusions and outperforms state-of-the-art approaches.
Graph Centrality Measures for Boosting Popularity-Based Entity Linking

Many Entity Linking systems use collective graph-based methods to disambiguate the entity mentions within a document. Most of them have focused on graph construction and initial weighting of the candidate entities, less attention has been devoted to compare the graph ranking algorithms. In this work, we focus on the graph-based ranking algorithms, therefore we propose to apply five centrality measures: Degree, HITS, PageRank, Betweenness and Closeness. A disambiguation graph of candidate entities is constructed for each document using the popularity method, then centrality measures are applied to choose the most relevant candidate to boost the results of entity popularity method. We investigate the effectiveness of each centrality measure on the performance across different domains and datasets. Our experiments show that a simple and fast centrality measure such as Degree centrality can outperform other more time-consuming measures.
Vatica diospyroides Symington type LS Root Extract Induces Antiproliferation of KB, MCF-7 and NCI-H187 Cell Lines

Purpose : To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of V. diospyroides Symington type LS root extract as a chemopreventive agent against various cancer cell lines. Methods : Acetone root extract was evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against KB (oral cavity cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and NCI-H187 (small cell lung cancer), using Resazurin microplate assay (REMA). Toxicity against a representative normal cells, Vero (African green monkey kidney), was assessed using green fluorescence protein (GFP)-based assay. Results : V. diospyroides root extract showed significant cytotoxic effects on KB and MCF-7 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner with IC 50 of 35.05 ± 1.45 and 36.63 ± 3.40 μg/mL, respectively. NCI-H187 was not significantly inhibited (≤ 19.39 % inhibition) at the concentrations tested. IC 50 against Vero cells was outside the concentration range of 0.2 - 50 μg/mL. Conclusion : These results indicate that the root extract of V. diospyroides has in vitro cytotoxic effect on human oral cavity cancer and breast cancer cells. No toxic effect on normal cells was observed. Thus, the extract may provide bioactive substances for human cancer therapy. Keywords : Breast cancer, Oral cavity cancer, Lung cancer, Cytotoxicity, Vero cells, Vatica diospyroides
Characterization of Gtf1p, the Connector Subunit of Yeast Mitochondrial tRNA-dependent Amidotransferase*

The bacterial GatCAB operon for tRNA-dependent amidotransferase (AdT) catalyzes the transamidation of mischarged glutamyl-tRNAGln to glutaminyl-tRNAGln. Here we describe the phenotype of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of GTF1, a gene proposed to code for subunit F of mitochondrial AdT in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ts gtf1 mutants accumulate an electrophoretic variant of the mitochondrially encoded Cox2p subunit of cytochrome oxidase and an unstable form of the Atp8p subunit of the F1-F0 ATP synthase that is degraded, thereby preventing assembly of the F0 sector. Allotopic expression of recoded ATP8 and COX2 did not significantly improve growth of gtf1 mutants on respiratory substrates. However, ts gft1 mutants are partially rescued by overexpression of PET112 and HER2 that code for the yeast homologues of the catalytic subunits of bacterial AdT. Additionally, B66, a her2 point mutant has a phenotype similar to that of gtf1 mutants. These results provide genetic support for the essentiality, in vivo, of the GatF subunit of the heterotrimeric AdT that catalyzes formation of glutaminyl-tRNAGln (Frechin, M., Senger, B., Brayé, M., Kern, D., Martin, R. P., and Becker, H. D. (2009) Genes Dev. 23, 1119–1130).
Evidence for increased noradrenaline release from subcortical brain regions in essential hypertension

Objective: To test whether the activation of the sympathetic nervous system that is common in essential hypertension derives from subcortical noradrenergic neuronal excitation. Design and methods: We performed a radionuclide cerebral venous sinus scan, using technetium-99m, to establish which internal jugular vein predominantly drained the cortical (the major jugular vein) and which the subcortical (minor jugular vein) brain regions. Blood samples were then collected simultaneously from catheters placed percutaneously in the brachial artery or radial artery and high in the internal jugular vein in 11 untreated hypertensive patients and 18 normotensive subjects, for determination of the plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, its precursor dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and its metabolite dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) to calculate their rates of overflow into the cerebrovascular circulation. Results: In normotensive subjects blood flow determined by thermodilution was significantly higher in the major than in the minor jugular vein. The noradrenaline spillovers into the major and minor jugular veins calculated during infusions of L-[3H]-7-noradrenaline were similar in healthy subjects. The noradrenaline spillover from subcortical regions into the minor jugular vein was significantly higher in the hypertensives than in the normal subjects, as was the overflow of DHPG. In contrast, cortical noradrenaline and DHPG overflows into the major jugular vein were similar in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Overflow of DOPA into the minor jugular vein, which derives largely from precursor turnover in dopaminergic neurons, was similar in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Subcortical noradrenaline spillover correlated with neurochemical indices of sympathetic nervous system activity, with total body noradrenaline spillover (r=0.56, P<0.05) in normal and hypertensive subjects combined, and with renal noradrenaline spillover in the six hypertensive patients tested (r=0.91, P<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that increased subcortical noradrenaline release is a possible cause of peripheral sympathetic activation in essential hypertension.
Relationship between bacterial counts and endotoxin concentrations in the air of wastewater treatment plants

The relationship between bacterial counts and endotoxin concentrations in air samples was studied. Selective EMB medium favored the growth of a larger portion of airborne gram-negative bacteria than LES Endo or MacConkey medium and was a good predictor of the endotoxin levels determined with a chromogenic Limulus assay of the air of wastewater treatment plants. The bacterial counts determined with nonselective media correlated poorly with airborne endotoxin levels; however, R2A medium yielded higher viable bacterial counts than TYG medium. Direct counting by epifluorescence microscopy yielded the highest bacterial counts, but no correlation was obtained between total bacterial counts and endotoxin concentrations.
Energy saving techniques in datacenters

Number of internet users as well as number of large distributed computer systems has increased dramatically in the last decade. Large distributed computer systems serving lot of users are usually oversized in order to be able to keep up with user demand surges. However in many usage scenarios workload spikes are rare and systems operate on 20%-30% average utilization. Underutilized systems are shown to be power inefficient and different strategies are proposed to tackle this issue. In this paper we present an overview of different power saving techniques that target different types of systems and workloads.
Comparison of DCE-CT models for quantitative evaluation of Ktrans in larynx tumors

Dynamic contrast enhanced CT (DCE-CT) can be used to estimate blood perfusion and vessel permeability in tumors. Tumor induced angiogenesis is generally associated with disorganized microvasculature with increased permeability or leakage. Estimated vascular leakage (Ktrans) values and their reliability greatly depend on the perfusion model used. To identify the preferred model for larynx tumor analysis, several perfusion models frequently used for estimating permeability were compared in this study. DCE-CT scans were acquired for 16 larynx cancer patients. Larynx tumors were delineated based on whole-mount histopathology after laryngectomy. DCE-CT data within these delineated volumes were analyzed using the Patlak and Logan plots, the Extended Tofts Model (ETM), the Adiabatic Approximation to the Tissue Homogeneity model (AATH) and a variant of AATH with fixed transit time (AATHFT). Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) was used to identify the best fitting model. Ktrans values from all models were compared with this best fitting model. Correlation strength was tested with two-tailed Spearman’s rank correlation and further examined using Bland-Altman plots. AATHFT was found to be the best fitting model. The overall median of individual patient medians Ktrans estimates were 14.3, 15.1, 16.1, 2.6 and 22.5 mL/100 g min − 1 for AATH, AATHFT, ETM, Patlak and Logan, respectively. Ktrans estimates for all models except Patlak were strongly correlated (P < 0.001). Bland–Altman plots show large biases but no significant deviating trend for any model other than Patlak. AATHFT was found to be the preferred model among those tested for estimation of Ktrans in larynx tumors.