Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preassociation of STAT1 with STAT2 and STAT3 in Separate Signalling Complexes Prior to Cytokine Stimulation (*)

A variety of cytokines and growth factors act through an induction of gene expression mediated by a family of latent transcription factors called STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) proteins. Ligand-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the STATs promotes their homodimer and heterodimer formation and subsequent nuclear translocation. We demonstrate here that STAT protein heterocomplexes exist prior to cytokine treatment. When unstimulated HeLa cells are ruptured in hypotonic buffer without salt or detergent, immunoadsorption of either STAT1 or STAT2 from the resulting cytosol yields coimmunoadsorption of the other STAT protein. Similarly, STAT1-STAT3 heterocomplexes are coimmunoadsorbed from hypotonic cytosol. STAT1 and STAT2 or STAT1 and STAT3 translated in reticulocyte lysate spontaneously form heterocomplexes when the translation lysates are mixed at 0°C. Our data suggest that interferon-α/β-induced tyrosine phosphorylation increases the stability of a preexisting, latent, STAT1-STAT2 signaling complex. Newly translated STAT1 binds in equilibrium fashion to STAT2 and STAT3, but we show that STAT2 and STAT3 exist in separate heterocomplexes with STAT1, consistent with a model in which STAT1 contains a common binding site for other STAT proteins.
Value, values, symbols and outcomes

This essay provides an overview of the contemporary academic discourse and challenges regarding the role of values and valuations in service. Situating service within the larger socio-economic networks brings to the fore the plurality of values and the recognition that value creation is (both) a social and market activity. This raises important questions regarding the role of symbols, the nature of outcomes and the processes of valuing as they come together in markets, in organizations and in other social domains. The essay then prioritizes a number of interdisciplinary research opportunities that relate market exchange to social exchange, emphasize the collaborative nature of value creation among particular agents, and examine the impacts of such value co-creation across specific market, social and environmental domains.
Three-Dimensional Heterogeneous Material Microstructure Reconstruction from Limited Morphological Information via Stochastic Optimization

We present a general computational framework that enables one to generate realistic 3D microstructure models of heterogeneous materials from limited morphological information via stochastic optimization. In our framework, the 3D material microstructure is represented as a 3D array, whose entries indicate the local state of that voxel. The limited structural data obtained in various experiments correspond to different mathematical transformations of the 3D array. Reconstructing the 3D material structure from such limited data is formulated as an inverse problem, originally proposed by Yeong and Torquato [Phys. Rev. E 57, 495 (1998)], which is solved using the simulated annealing procedure. The utility, versatility and robustness of our general framework are illustrated by reconstructing a polycrystalline microstructure from 2D EBSD micrographs and a binary metallic alloy from limited angle projections. Our framework can be also applied in the reconstructions based on small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) data and has ramifications in 4D materials science (e.g., charactering structural evolution over time).
The Investigation of Lexical and Discourse-based Communication Strategies Used by EFL Teachers in the Classrooms

Researchers have raised the notion of second Language communication strategies at the beginning of 1970s. These strategies have been defined as a mutual attempt of two interlocutors to agree on a meaning in situations where requisite meaning structures do not seem to be shared. This study was an attempt to investigate lexical and discourse-based communication strategies used by teachers as opposed to previous studies which have considered communication strategies used by students. The study focused on Iranian English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers and conducted in Miyandoab, Iran. For this purpose forty teachers were selected from English language institutes. An integrated taxonomy of scholars was used as a questionnaire. Quantitative data analysis techniques were then used to analyze the data. A paired t-test was used to analyze the collected data. Principal statistical analyses including frequencies, means, and standard deviations revealed that there was a significant difference between teachers in terms of using lexical and discourse- based communication strategies. The results showed that the EFL teachers used achievement lexical based Communication Strategies to compensate the break downs and they mostly used discourse-based communication strategies to enhance the effectiveness of communication and to show the salience of the topic. The findings of this study will have some pedagogical implications for the area of English language teaching and learning. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013. v3n2p317
Enhancing quality of service for video streaming over IP networks

Streaming video over IP networks has become increasingly popular; however, compared to traditional data traffic, video streaming places different demands on Quality of Service (QoS) in a network, particularly in terms of delay, delay variation, and data loss. In response to the QoS demands of video applications, network techniques have been proposed to provide QoS within a network. Unfortunately, while efficient from a network perspective, most existing solutions have not provided end-to-end QoS that is satisfactory to users. This dissertation studies in-network QoS control, with the goal of delivering excellent user-perceived QoS for video over IP networks. To this end, the study addresses two critical questions: how should perceived QoS be quantified, and which aspects should be considered when developing in-network control to enhance the perceived QoS? A n Active QoS control framework that uses active networking technology was developed. This framework consists of a QoS description model, a set of nodal-based QoS control techniques, and a set of QoS distribution strategies. The QoS description model quantifies the perceived QoS. The QoS description for an application reflects the quality perceived by application users and can be directly converted to network-controllable parameters. On the other hand, the QoS description for a network is based on users' satisfaction with the performance of an application. This model provides efficient support for achieving perceived QoS: the application quality perceived by end users can be explicitly managed from within the network. The nodal-based QoS control is composed of buffer management and packet scheduling schemes. Both schemes take into account the relationship between video-specific characteristics, required network resources, and the resulting video quality. Buffer management and packet scheduling
A review of ERP implementation in India

The implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems has been the subject of in-depth discussion in the area of management of information systems. ERP systems play a vital role in the paradigm of business process reengineering in terms of small- to large-sized technological projects. Although many studies have been conducted on ERP implementation in organisations' belong to developed nations, very little research has been conducted in developing countries, especially in Indian organisations. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to review ERP implementation issues and failures in Indian organisations mainly focusing on critical success factors as well as issues in other countries. This paper also discusses ERP implementation challenges in India and overcoming the challenges. It also further focuses on success and failure stories of ERP implementation in India.
On the difference between the short and long gamma-ray bursts

We argue that the distributions of both the intrinsic fluence and the intrinsic duration of the γ-ray emission in gamma- ray bursts from the BATSE sample are well represented by log-normal distributions, in which the intrinsic dispersion is much larger than the cosmological time dilatation and redshift effects. We perform separate bivariate log-normal distribution fits to the BATSE short and long burst samples. The bivariate log-normal behaviour results in an ellipsoidal distribution, whose major axis determines an overall statistical relation between the fluence and the duration. We show that this fit provides evidence for a power-law dependence between the fluence and the duration, with a statistically significant different index for the long and short groups. We discuss possible biases, which might affect this result, and argue that the effect is probably real. This may provide a potentially useful constraint for models of long and short bursts.
IFRS 15 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Objavljen je novi standard MSFI 15 - Prihodi po ugovoru s kupcima kojim se želi poboljsati financijsko izvjestavanje o prihodima. MSFI 15 se pocinje primjenjivati od 1.1. 2018. , a ovaj rad daje prikaz standarda.
Overview of the Indian Corporate Sector: 1989-2002

This paper uses firm-level data to examine the performance of India`s nonfinancial corporate sector since 1989 and evaluate its financial vulnerabilities. While promising trends in liquidity, profitability, and leverage of the sector emerged in the early 1990s, they experienced a reversal after 1996. Nonetheless, most indicators were still at comfortable levels, and there is evidence of improvement in 2002, the last year in our sample. However, a number of firms still face problems servicing their debt obligations, posing a risk to lenders. In particular, the aggregate interest coverage of the corporate sector indicates that potential nonperforming loans of the corporate sector remain high. This underscores the need for close monitoring of the corporate sector in the future.
NDT80 and the Meiotic Recombination Checkpoint Regulate Expression of Middle Sporulation-Specific Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT Distinct classes of sporulation-specific genes are sequentially expressed during the process of spore formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The transition from expression of early meiotic genes to expression of middle sporulation-specific genes occurs at about the time that cells exit from pachytene and form the meiosis I spindle. To identify genes encoding potential regulators of middle sporulation-specific gene expression, we screened for mutants that expressed early meiotic genes but failed to express middle sporulation-specific genes. We identified mutant alleles ofRPD3, SIN3, and NDT80 in this screen. Rpd3p, a histone deacetylase, and Sin3p are global modulators of gene expression. Ndt80p promotes entry into the meiotic divisions. We found that entry into the meiotic divisions was not required for activation of middle sporulation genes; these genes were efficiently expressed in a clb1 clb3 clb4 strain, which fails to enter the meiotic divisions due to reduced Clb-dependent activation of Cdc28p kinase. In contrast, middle sporulation genes were not expressed in a dmc1 strain, which fails to enter the meiotic divisions because a defect in meiotic recombination leads to aRAD17-dependent checkpoint arrest. Expression of middle sporulation genes, as well as entry into the meiotic divisions, was restored to a dmc1 strain by mutation of RAD17. Our studies also revealed that NDT80 was a temporally distinct, pre-middle sporulation gene and that its expression was reduced, but not abolished, on mutation of DMC1,RPD3, SIN3, or NDT80 itself. In summary, our data indicate that Ndt80p is required for expression of middle sporulation genes and that the activity of Ndt80p is controlled by the meiotic recombination checkpoint. Thus, middle genes are expressed only on completion of meiotic recombination and subsequent generation of an active form of Ndt80p.
Never Say Never: Incumbents and Newcomers in the Presence of an Architectural Innovation

Abstract This article aims at understanding how the relationship between incumbents and newcomers evolves in the presence of an architectural innovation. Building on the literature on architectural innovation, it focuses on local entrepreneurial activities related to the development of new complementary assets and on the redefinition of the incumbents’ and newcomers’ roles in the new product system. It draws on an exploratory study conducted on the digital music industry and takes Italy as the geographic setting for local entrepreneurial activities. Based on the analysis of the empirical material, it presents four propositions shedding light on the complexity of the relationship between incumbents and newcomers, especially under architectural innovation.
Prevention of late renal changes after initial ischemia/reperfusion injury by blocking early selectin binding.

BACKGROUND Increasing clinical evidence suggests that delayed initial function secondary to ischemia/reperfusion injury alone, and particularly in combination with early episodes of acute rejection, reduces kidney allograft survival over time. METHODS We investigated changes developing over the long term following a standardized ischemia/reperfusion insult in a Lewis rat model. The left kidney was isolated in a uninephrectomized host and cooled, and the pedicle was clamped for 45 min. Animals were followed for 48 weeks after initial renal injury. Organs were removed serially (4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 48 weeks) for immunohistology and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Progressive proteinuria developed after 8 weeks. By immunohistology, CD4+ leukocytes and ED-1+ macrophages infiltrated the ischemic organs in parallel with up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression. Because macrophages have been shown to be critical in chronic changes in other models, they were examined primarily in these studies. By reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, macrophage-derived, fibrosis-inducing factors (transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) remained highly and constantly expressed throughout the follow-up period. The long-term influence of initial treatment with the soluble form of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, a soluble ligand for P- and E-selectin, was then examined. All functional and structural changes remained at relative baseline, similar to uninephrectomized controls. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that blocking the initial selectin-mediated step after ischemia/reperfusion injury, which triggers significant early cellular and molecular events, also reduces later renal dysfunction and tissue damage over time. In part, the findings may be explained by the sparing of functioning nephron units, which if destroyed or compromised by the original insult, may contribute to long-term graft failure. This approach may be important clinically in the transplantation of kidneys from non-heart-beating or marginal donors or organs experiencing prolonged ischemic times.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Probiotic Bacterium Bifidobacterium bifidum Strain BGN4

ABSTRACT Bifidobacterium bifidum, a common endosymbiotic inhabitant of the human gut, is considered a prominent probiotic microorganism that may promote health. We completely decrypted the 2.2-Mb genome sequence of B. bifidum BGN4, a strain that had been isolated from the fecal sample of a healthy breast-fed infant, and annotated 1,835 coding sequences.
Automatic Medical Concept Extraction from Free Text Clinical Reports, a New Named Entity Recognition Approach

Actually in the Hospital Information Systems, there is a wide range of clinical information representation from the Electronic Health Records (EHR), and most of the information contained in clinical reports is written in natural language free text. In this context, we are researching the problem of automatic clinical named entities recognition from free text clinical reports. We are using Snomed-CT (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terms) as dictionary to identify all kind of clinical concepts, and thus the problem we are considering is to map each clinical entity named in a free text report with its Snomed-CT unique ID. More in general, we are developed a new approach for the named entity recognition (NER) problem in specific domains, and we have applied it to recognize clinical concepts in free text clinical reports. In our approach we apply two types of NER approaches, dictionary-based and machine learning-based. We use a specific domain dictionary-based gazetteer (using Snomed-CT to get the standard clinical code for the clinical concept), and the main approach that we introduce is using a unsupervised shallow learning neural network, word2vec from Mikolov et al., to represent words as vectors, and then making the recognition based on the distance between candidates and dictionary terms. We have applied our approach on a Dataset with 318.585 clinical reports in Spanish from the emergency service of the Hospital “Rafael Mendez” from Lorca (Murcia) Spain, and preliminary results are encouraging.
β Sheets Not Required: Combined Experimental and Computational Studies of Self-Assembly and Gelation of the Ester-Containing Analogue of an Fmoc-Dipeptide Hydrogelator

In our work toward developing ester-containing self-assembling peptides as soft biomaterials, we have found that a fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-conjugated alanine-lactic acid (Ala-Lac) sequence self-assembles into nanostructures that gel in water. This process occurs despite Fmoc-Ala-Lac’s inability to interact with other Fmoc-Ala-Lac molecules via β-sheet-like amide–amide hydrogen bonding, a condition previously thought to be crucial to the self-assembly of Fmoc-conjugated peptides. Experimental comparisons of Fmoc-Ala-Lac to its self-assembling peptide sequence analogue Fmoc-Ala-Ala using a variety of microscopic, spectroscopic, and bulk characterization techniques demonstrate distinct features of the two systems and show that while angstrom-scale self-assembled structures are similar, their nanometer-scale size and morphological properties diverge and give rise to different bulk mechanical properties. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to gain more insight into the differences between the two systems. An analysis of the hydrogen-bonding and solvent-surface interface properties of the simulated fibrils revealed that Fmoc-Ala-Lac fibrils are stronger and less hydrophilic than Fmoc-Ala-Ala fibrils. We propose that this difference in fibril amphiphilicity gives rise to differences in the higher-order assembly of fibrils into nanostructures seen in TEM. Importantly, we confirm experimentally that β-sheet-type hydrogen bonding is not crucial to the self-assembly of short, conjugated peptides, and we demonstrate computationally that the amide bond in such systems may act mainly to mediate the solvation of the self-assembled single fibrils and therefore regulate a more extensive higher-order aggregation of fibrils. This work provides a basic understanding for future research in designing highly degradable self-assembling materials with peptide-like bioactivity for biomedical applications.
The six conventions of corporate branding

This paper considers the emerging focus in both academic and practitioner literature on the concept of the corporate brand and argues that the underlying generative mechanisms and processes that enable successful corporate brand management are not clearly understood. Based on the findings of recent fieldwork, the authors outline six new conventions for understanding the processes of nurturing and managing a corporate brand and discuss the implications of these conventions for the emergent theory of corporate brand management. Evidence from this work has also led the authors to propose a more holistic definition of the corporate brand, “the visual, verbal and behavioural expression of an organisation's unique business model”.
Comparison of the formulation requirements of dosator and dosing disc automatic capsule filling machines

The overall objective of this study was to provide ‘semi-quantitative’ or ‘rigorous’ definitions of the fluidity, lubricity and compactibility requirements of formulation for representative dosator and dosing disc capsule filling machines. To that end, model formulations were developed for those properties using Carr's compressibility index, ejection force, and plug breaking force at a specified compression force to gauge fluidity, lubricity, and compactibility, respectively. These formulations were each encapsulated on an Hofliger-Karg GKF-400 dosing disc machine and a Zanasi LZ-64 dosator machine. Each machine was instrumented to measure plug compression and ejection forces. The encapsulation process was evaluated for %CV of fill-weight, ejection force, plug breaking force and the dissolution of marker drugs incorporated in the formulations. The f2 metric was used to compare dissolution profiles. The results suggest: (1) formulations should meet different flow criteria for successful encapsulation on the two machines, (2) a relatively lower level of lubricant may be sufficient for the dosing disc machine, (3) a higher degree of formulation compactibility is needed for the dosator machine, and (4) transferring formulations between these machine types (same class, different subclass per FDA's SUPAC-IR/MR Manufacturing Equipment Addendum) could be challenging. In certain cases dissolution profiles for the same formulation filled on the two machines with equivalent compression force were different based on f2<50. Overall, the results of this study suggest a range of formulation characteristics appropriate for transferring formulations between these two types of machines.
Who's doing what? Exploring market practices and practitioners

The so-called practice turn (Schatzki et al., 2001) has made entries in many disciplines of contemporary social science. So far, however, there is a paucity of empirical practice studies addressing the activities of market practitioners. In this paper, we analyze marketing practices in two longitudinal case studies of Swedish retail trade. The research question dealt with is: who is performing marketing? We employ the threefold conceptualization of market practices as interlinked exchange, normalizing and representational practices proposed by Kjellberg and Helgesson (2006; 2007) to select a number of empirical vignettes of marketing practice from the case studies. Our analysis shows that important marketing activities were carried out by a multitude of actors, including professionals and amateurs, individuals and collectives, humans and non-humans, specialists and generalists. In our concluding discussion, we trace the implications of this observed heterogeneity of practices and practitioners both for research and for market practice.
Why Do IPO Firms Choose to Trade on the When-Issued Market?

We examine the determinants of an IPO firm’s choice to trade on a when-issued market and if the decision to trade on this market has any impact on the pricing of IPO shares. We find that companies that are larger, less risky, have higher future growth opportunities and are underwritten by reputable underwriters are more likely to choose to trade on the when-issued market. Our ‘what-if’ analysis shows that the decision to have a when-issued market affects the setting of the offer price. For companies that have when-issued trading, the actual offer price is 25% higher than it it would have been had these firms not had a when-issued market. We interpret this higher offer price as a ‘rent’ that investors pay to acquire shares of such companies. Interestingly this rent is paid mostly in those IPOs where retail investors are allowed to participate in the offer. When-issued market appears to be highly informative for investors and has a positive impact on the trading volume on the first day of unconditional trading.