Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphology and Intrinsic Excitability of Regenerating Sensory and Motor Neurons Grown on a Line Micropattern

Axonal regeneration is one of the greatest challenges in severe injuries of peripheral nerve. To provide the bridge needed for regeneration, biological or synthetic tubular nerve constructs with aligned architecture have been developed. A key point for improving axonal regeneration is assessing the effects of substrate geometry on neuronal behavior. In the present study, we used an extracellular matrix-micropatterned substrate comprising 3 µm wide lines aimed to physically mimic the in vivo longitudinal axonal growth of mice peripheral sensory and motor neurons. Adult sensory neurons or embryonic motoneurons were seeded and processed for morphological and electrical activity analyses after two days in vitro. We show that micropattern-guided sensory neurons grow one or two axons without secondary branching. Motoneurons polarity was kept on micropattern with a long axon and small dendrites. The micro-patterned substrate maintains the growth promoting effects of conditioning injury and demonstrates, for the first time, that neurite initiation and extension could be differentially regulated by conditioning injury among DRG sensory neuron subpopulations. The micro-patterned substrate impacts the excitability of sensory neurons and promotes the apparition of firing action potentials characteristic for a subclass of mechanosensitive neurons. The line pattern is quite relevant for assessing the regenerative and developmental growth of sensory and motoneurons and offers a unique model for the analysis of the impact of geometry on the expression and the activity of mechanosensitive channels in DRG sensory neurons.
Electromganetic field control of electron spin magnetic resonance frequency in silicon donors for solid-state quantum computing

The electron-spin magnetic resonance frequency of an electron-spin qubit structure proposed for the realization of a quantum computer is rigorously determined by a numerical method. The potential distribution inside the silicon qubit structure is accurately calculated by an electromagnetic simulation method and the perturbation theory to the second order is formulated to obtain the magnetic resonance frequency of the phosphorus donor electron spin.
On Organizations as they Happen

The essay examines what organizations are as they happen. It first argues that the happening of an organization has two basic components: the performance of its constituent actions and practices and the occurrence of events whereby its material arrangements causally support these activities. Equating the idea of something as it happens with that of something in real time, the essay then examines two kinds of real time in which organizations occur. The first is the unfoldings of the performances and events that are the happening of the organization. The second is the co-occurrences of the teleological past, present, and future in organizational actions. As it happens, however, an organization is more than what there is to it in real time. It also embraces the persisting structures of its practices and its enduring material arrangements, both of which, among other things, institute possible real times for the organization. The essay argues that the perpetuation of practice structure should be understood as organizational memory.
Prescribed Fire: The Influence of Site Visits on Citizen Attitudes

This research employed a panel design to measure the effect of site visits on public perceptions of prescribed fire. On-site survey questions were devised to compare answers to a mail questionnaire previously completed by the same respondents. Questions were designed to examine how site visits influence public opinion and affect acceptance of forest practices. Open-ended questions were also used to capture initial reactions to the treated sites and allow individuals to identify site factors of greatest concern to them. Although site visits did not increase treatment acceptability ratings, responses indicate that remaining fuel levels and evidence of treatments are important factors influencing treatment support. Additional benefits of site visits are described.
The child and the family: interdependence in developmental pathways

This contribution focuses on the family as the major context for children's development, it includes concepts of the family as an institution for the transmission of meaning on the one hand, and it formulates implications for new theoretical and methodological approaches in the field of family research on the other. The idea of transmission of a society's meaning system via the family is discussed under the perspective that the socialization of children in the family provides a continuous basis for the aggregation of common knowledge over generations. The systems approach is taken as a promising model for dealing with the complex continuity and change issues during development. Data will be presented from two longitudinal studies, in which parent-child communication behavior was analyzed over time during two critical developmental periods, during the first two years after the birth of a second child and during the transition from childhood to adolescence.
HIV-Associated Neuroretinal Disorder in Patients With Well-Suppressed HIV-Infection: A Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE Loss of neuroretinal structure and function, ascribed to a 'HIV-associated Neuroretinal Disorder' (HIV-NRD), in the absence of ocular opportunistic infections, has been reported in HIV-infected individuals treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Whether HIV-infected individuals with prolonged well-suppressed infection remain at risk for HIV-NRD, is unknown. METHODS Ninety-two HIV-infected men with suppressed viremia on cART for at least 12 months (HIV+) and 63 HIV-uninfected, highly comparable, male controls (HIV-), aged at least 45 years, underwent functional measurements of spatial (Pelli Robson contrast sensitivity [PR CS]) and temporal contrast sensitivity (TCS) and straylight, as well as spectral-domain optical coherence tomography analysis measured total and individual retinal layer thickness. Mixed-linear regression models were used to assess possible associations between HIV-related and ocular parameters, while accounting for several confounders. RESULTS Pelli Robson CS was significantly lower in HIV+ (1.89 vs. 1.93 logCS, P value = 0.001), while TCS values did not differ (2.17 vs. 2.17 logCS; P value = 0.888). Straylight values were higher in HIV+ (1.15 vs. 1.09 log units; P value = 0.026). Peripheral total retinal thickness in the HIV+ group was increased compared with HIV- (+4.6 μm, P value = 0.029), predominantly due to an increase in inner nuclear layer (+1.04 μm, P value = 0.006) and outer plexiform layer (+0.95 μm, P value = 0.006) thickness. CONCLUSIONS Pelli Robson CS was significantly reduced in HIV-infected individuals, although the loss was one letter and likely not clinically relevant. Instead of an expected neuroretinal thinning, an increase of retinal thickness was detected in the HIV-infected group. These findings should be confirmed and further explored in longitudinal studies. Clinical Trial registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov (identifier: NCT01466582).
Authoritarian fictions: The ideological novel as a literary genre

Political ideologies often informed early twentieth-century French novels, creating a hybrid genre that is both "realist" and didactic: the roman thse. In this ground-breaking and critically acclaimed work, Susan Suleiman looks beyond the politics of novels by such authors as Malraux, Mauriac, Sartre, and Aragon, and examines their shared formal and generic features. Although the genre itself is considered antimodern, the critical and interpretive problems it raises are central to an understanding of both realist and modernist writing. "The great virtue of [Suleiman's] book is its ability to synthesize a range of theoretical ideas--whether formalist, structuralist or "reader-response' in the service of a clear and compelling critical argument". --Christopher Norris, The London Review of Books "This book is certainly one of the best examples of semiotic theory put to use for interpretation of literature and its relation to culture". --Thas Morgan, Genre
Anti-Semitism in Anti-economics

This symposium is concerned with prejudice and economics. This essay turns from prejudice in those concerned with advancing economics, to prejudice in those concerned with diminishing economics. It turns to the prejudice of those implacably hostile to economics: “anti-economists. ” Anti-economics is almost as old as economics itself (see Coleman 2002). Its historical investigator need not venture far into the pre-1930 literature of anti-economics before encountering conspicuous anti-Semitic effusions in some of its leading lights (e.g., Leroux, Dühring, Toussenel, Cobbett). These effusions have a frequency, length, and intensity that make them distinctive, even by the standards of the nineteenth century. One may say that, before about 1930, anti-economics and antiSemitism existed in striking conjunction. But howmuch significance did this conjunction have? Did it signify at all? This article argues that it did—and that the conjunction was not accidental. As we will show, antieconomics and modern anti-Semitism shared some leading ideological contentions.Although these contentions themselves address directly neither Jewry nor economics, they almost amount to a sine qua non of most modern forms of anti-economics and anti-Semitism, in that if one was to deny these contentions then one simultaneously empties the force of most popular forms of anti-economics, along with many strands of antiSemitism.
The Effect of Time‐Compressed Speech on Comprehensive, Interpretive, and Short‐Term Listening

Contemporary definitions of human listening suggest that it is a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Short-term and interpretative listening may be viewed as important aspects of the listening process. However, research in time-compressed speech has focused on listening comprehension while not adequately treating other important types of listening. A broader view of the listening process would include all of the skills considered relevant to everyday human communication. This study examined the effect of time-compressed speech on comprehensive, interpretative and short-term listening. The Kentucky Comprehensive Listening Test was used to measure the three types of listening. Cut and splice tape editing was employed in the development of four master test tapes: a control tape presented at normal rate and tapes with test stimuli time-compressed by 30%, 45%, and 60%. Each of four randomly selected groups, 120 total subjects, was exposed to one of the four test tapes. The data from the test administrations was analyzed by analysis-of-variance and simple means tests. Results indicate that a statistically significant amount of the variance in comprehensive, interpretative and short-term listening scores may be explained by the manipulated variable, time-compression. However, the amount of variance-accounted-for is relatively low for both short-term and interpretative listening. Closer examination of the data indicates that short-term and interpretative listening test scores do not significantly decay until a high level of time-compression (60%) is reached. Conversely, in the case of comprehensive listening, a relatively linear relation exists between degree of time-compression and test scores. Significant drops in mean scores were found at more moderate levels of time-compression. The findings are discussed in light of differences between short-term and long-term memory. Comprehensive listening, which relies upon long-term memory, may suffer from a lack of adequate processing and encoding time which may be induced by time-compression. Short-term and Interpretative listening are processes which rely primarily on short-term memory and may not be adversely affected until a level of time-compression is reached which impairs intelligibility. Implications are noted for future research and for educational applications.
PTX3 Genetic Variation and Dizygotic Twinning in The Gambia: Could Pleiotropy with Innate Immunity Explain Common Dizygotic Twinning in Africa?

Dizygotic (DZ) twinning has a genetic component and is common among sub‐Saharan Africans; in The Gambia its frequency is up to 3% of live births. Variation in PTX3, encoding Pentraxin 3, a soluble pattern recognition receptor that plays an important role both in innate immunity and in female fertility, has been associated with resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis pulmonary disease and to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis patients. We tested whether PTX3 variants in Gambian women associate with DZ twinning, by genotyping five PTX3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 130 sister pairs (96 full sibs and 34 half sibs) who had DZ twins. Two, three and five SNP haplotypes differed in frequency between twinning mothers and those without a history of twinning (from P= 0.006 to 3.03e‐06 for two SNP and three SNP haplotypes, respectively). Twinning mothers and West African tuberculosis‐controls from a previous study shared several frequent haplotypes. Most importantly, our data are consistent with an independently reported association of PTX3 and female fertility in a sample from Ghana. Taken together, these results indicate that selective pressure on PTX3 variants that affect the innate immune response to infectious agents, could also produce the observed high incidence of DZ twinning in Gambians.
Weak Environmental Controls of Tropical Forest Canopy Height in the Guiana Shield

Canopy height is a key variable in tropical forest functioning and for regional carbon inventories. We investigate the spatial structure of the canopy height of a tropical forest, its relationship with environmental physical covariates, and the implication for tropical forest height variation mapping. Making use of high-resolution maps of LiDAR-derived Digital Canopy Model (DCM) and environmental covariates from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) acquired over 30,000 ha of tropical forest in French Guiana, we first show that forest canopy height is spatially correlated up to 2500 m. Forest canopy height is significantly associated with environmental variables, but the degree of correlation varies strongly with pixel resolution. On the whole, bottomland forests generally have lower canopy heights than hillslope or hilltop forests. However, this global picture is very noisy at local scale likely because of the endogenous gap-phase forest dynamic processes. Forest canopy height has been predictively mapped across a pixel resolution going from 6 m to 384 m mimicking a low resolution case of 3 points·km −2. Results of canopy height mapping indicated that the error for spatial model with environment effects decrease from 8.7 m to 0.91 m, depending of the pixel resolution. Results suggest that, outside the calibration plots, the contribution of environment in shaping the global canopy height distribution is quite limited. This prevents accurate canopy height mapping based only on environmental information, and suggests that precise canopy height maps, for local management purposes, can only be obtained with direct LiDAR monitoring.
The Influence of Collegiate and Corporate Codes of Conduct on Ethics-Related Behavior in the Workplace

Abstract Codes of conduct are viewed here as a community's attempt to communicate its expectations and standards of ethical behavior. Many organizations are implementing codes, but empirical support for the relationship between such codes and employee conduct is lacking. We investigated the long term effects of a collegiate honor code experience as well as the effects of corporate ethics codes on unethical behavior in the workplace by surveying alumni from an honor code and a non-honor code college who now work in business. We found that self-reported unethical behavior was lower for respondents who work in an organization with a corporate code of conduct and was inversely associated with corporate code implementation strength and embeddedness. Self-reported unethical behavior was also influenced by the interaction of a collegiate honor code experience and corporate code implementation strength.
Statistical significance testing, hypothetico-deductive method, and theory evaluation

Chow's endorsement of a limited role for null hypothesis significance testing is a needed corrective of research malpractice, but his decision to place this procedure in a hypothetico-deductive framework of Popperian cast is unwise. Various failures of this version of the hypothetico-deductive method have negative implications for Chow's treatment of significance testing, meta-analysis, and theory evaluation.
Personalization of Content Ranking in the Context of Local Search

Ranking search results using a single ranking function for all search engine visitors is inherently bounded in the performance the ranking algorithm can achieve when considering the variety of requirements of Web searchers and the proliferation of topics and types of data modern search engines rank. Adding a geographical dimension to the mix by way of local search engines further reduces the average satisfaction a ranking algorithm can garner from local search users. Personalization has been proposed in Web search with some success but has not, to our knowledge, been investigated thoroughly in local search. As initial steps in local search personalization, we propose a model for personalizing search results in a local search engine using a hybrid of profile- and click-based user modeling methods. User profiles are used to compare local search results to the topical interests of users and the specific businesses in which they have shown interest by way of search result “clicks”. Our model is tested through a user study and is shown to result in significantly improved mean average precision over the baseline ranking system.
Low fetuin-A levels are associated with cardiovascular death: Impact of variations in the gene encoding fetuin.

BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is common among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and a central characteristic of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease observed in dialysis patients. Fetuin-A, a circulating calcium-regulatory glycoprotein that inhibits vascular calcification, is associated with inflammation and outcome in dialysis patients. In the present study, we evaluated the association between fetuin-A, clinical phenotype, and outcome, as well as the impact of fetuin gene (AHSG) polymorphisms on the protein product and outcome. METHODS In a cohort of 258 (161 males) ESRD patients starting renal replacement therapy [glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 6.8 +/- 0.2 mL/min] aged 52 +/- 1 years the following parameters were studied: presence of malnutrition (subjective global assessment), comorbidity [diabetes mellitus and clinical manifest cardiovascular disease (CVD)], carotid plaques (N= 101), hs-CRP, fetuin-A, S-albumin, interleukin (IL)-6, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AHSG gene (N= 215) at amino acid positions Thr248Met (C-->T), Thr256Ser (C-->G), Asp276Asn (G-->A), and Arg317Cys (C-->T). RESULTS Both all-cause (P < 0.001) and cardiovascular (P < 0.001) mortality were associated with low fetuin-A levels independently of age, smoking, diabetes, S-albumin, CVD, and inflammation (CRP > or =10 mg/L). Inflamed (0.199 vs. 0.247 g/L; P < 0.01) and malnourished (0.207 vs. 0.262 g/L; P < 0.05) patients had significantly lower median fetuin-A than noninflamed and well-nourished ESRD patients, respectively. In a logistic regression model (N= 101), fetuin-A was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the presence of carotid plaques independently of age, CVD, diabetes, S-albumin, gender, and inflammation. Significant correlations were observed between fetuin-A and both S-albumin (Rho = 0.30; P < 0.0001) and IL-6 (Rho =-0.21; P < 0.01). Patients with the AHSG 256Ser allele had lower serum fetuin-A levels, and higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rate if they were inflamed. CONCLUSION The present study shows that a low fetuin-A level is associated with malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis (carotid plaques), as well as with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Because the present study demonstrates an effect of variations in the AHSG gene on both circulating fetuin-A levels and outcome, this indicates that ESRD patients with the AHSG 256Ser allele are at risk of accelerated vascular calcification.
Simulations for Ion Clearing in an ERL

Light sources of the next generation such as ERLs (Energy Recovering Linacs) require very high quality bunches in order to achieve the research objectives they are designed for. It is essential to avoid sources of instabilities such as ionized residual gas. In order to enable detailed numerical studies the tracking code MOEVE PIC tracking developed by the research group at the University of Rostock was expanded to simulations of the behavior of an ion cloud in the environment of electromagnetic fields. In this paper we take further steps to study possible designs of clearing electrodes a common countermeasure for the clearing of ions. We present simulations with different compositions of the residual gas. The numerical results taking into account the design of the ERL BERLinPro show how the clearing time depends on the percentage of heavy ions in the ion cloud.
Enriching GermaNet with verb-noun relations - a case study of lexical acquisition

In this paper we will focus on the lexical-semantic relations in the German wordnet GermaNet. It has been shown that wordnets suffer from the relatively small number of relations between their lexical objects. It is assumed that applications in NLP and IR, in particular those relying on word sense disambiguation, can be boosted by a higher relational density of the lexical resource. We report on research and experiments in the lexical acquisition of a new type of relation from a large annotated German newspaper corpus, i.e. the relation between the verbal head of a predicate and the nominal head of its argument. We investigate how the insertion of instances of this relation into the German wordnet GermaNet affects the overall structure of the wordnet as well as the neighbourhood of the nodes which are connected by an instance of the new relation.
Stability analysis of mobile robot path tracking

This paper presents a new approach that analyzes the stability of a general class of path tracking algorithms taking into account the pure delay in the control loop. The analysis has been done for straight paths and paths of constant curvature. This has sufficient generality since most usual paths can be decomposed in pieces of constant curvature. The method has been applied to the pure pursuit path tracking algorithm, one of the most widely used algorithms. The experiments performed with a computer controlled high mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicle show good agreement with the theoretical predictions of the proposed method.