Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What determines emergence and net recruitment in an early succession plant community? Disentangling biotic and abiotic effects

Abstract Question: How do different regeneration scenarios shape species composition at two stages of plant community establishment (emergence and net recruitment) in an early succession? Location: Northern Spain. Methods: In a recently ploughed field, we created eight regeneration scenarios with light, water and nitrogen availability (five replicates each). Seedlings of all species were monitored from emergence to death during one year. Abiotic and biotic variables were measured per quadrat, i.e. soil texture, nutrient contents, seed bank densities and composition, neighbour plant species densitiy and cover. We used partial ordination methods in order to separate the effect of each environmental variable on species composition during emergence and adult net recruitment. Results: Light treatment determined annual plant density at time of emergence and recruitment, while water addition controlled the recruitment of perennials. Resource levels explained the emerged species composition; this effect was not translated into the recruited species composition. N-addition and N + water addition were strongly associated to species abundances at the time of emergence. Seedling composition in summer was correlated with seed abundance of Cerastium spp. Neighbour species density and cover (mainly Arrhenatherum bulbosum, Agropyron repens and Picris echioides) explained significant fractions of species composition in the emergence and recruitment of the different cohorts. Interactions between species seem to vary in intensity among cohorts and in the key plant species that determined species abundance along succession. Conclusions: Our scenarios exerted contrasting and multilevel effects on the development of our early succession community. Resource availability differently affected plant density and species composition at different life stages. It is relevant to consider different life stages in plant community studies. However, regeneration conditions and other abiotic factors are not enough to explain how community composition varies. Nomenclature: Aizpuru et al. (1999).
A Less Noise-Sensitive SDP Relaxation in Wireless Sensor Network Localization

There are variety of methods to solve the localization problem and among them semi-definite programming based methods have shown great performance in both complexity and accuracy aspects. In this paper, we introduce a class of less noise-sensitive relaxation to reduce the complexity of SDP-based methods. We apply our relaxation to Edge-based Semi-Definite Programming (ESDP) method and the resulted model is called PESDP. Simulation results confirm that our proposed PESDP method is less noise-sensitive and faster compared to the original ESDP.
Nomadic Planets Near the Solar System

Gravitational microlensing has revealed an extensive population of “nomadic” planets not orbiting any star, with Jupiter-mass nomads being more populous than main sequence stars. Except for distant objects discovered through microlensing, and hot, young nomads found near star formation regions, to date only a small number of nomad candidates have been discovered. Here I show that there should be significant numbers of mature nomadic exoplanets close enough to be discovered with existing or planned astronomical resources, including dozens to hundreds of planets closer than the nearest star. Observational data are used to derive models relating mass, radius, heat flux and magnetic dipole moment; these are used together with population density models to show the observability of nomads in the IR, due to thermal emissions, and at radio frequencies, due to cyclotron maser instabilities. These neighboring nomadic planets will provide a new exoplanet population for astronomical research and, eventually, direct exploration by spacecraft.
Thalamic projections from the whisker‐sensitive regions of the spinal trigeminal complex in the rat

This study investigated the axonal projections of whisker‐sensitive cells of the spinal trigeminal subnuclei (SP5) in rat oral, interpolar, and caudal divisions (SP5o, SP5i, and SP5c, respectively). The labeling of small groups of trigeminothalamic axons with biotinylated dextran amine disclosed the following classes of axons. 1) Few SP5o cells project to the thalamus: They innervate the caudal part of the posterior group (Po) and the region intercalated between the anterior pretectal and the medial geniculate nuclei. These fibers also branch profusely in the tectum. 2) Two types of ascending fibers arise from SP5i: Type I fibers are thick and distribute to the Po and to other regions of the midbrain, i.e., the prerubral field, the deep layers of the superior colliculus, the anterior pretectal nucleus, and the ventral part of the zona incerta. Type II fibers are thin; branch sparsely in the tectum; and form small‐sized, bushy arbors in the ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM). Accordingly, a statistical analysis of the distribution of antidromic invasion latencies of 96 SP5i cells to thalamic stimulation disclosed two populations of neurons: fast‐conducting cells, which invaded at a mean latency of 1.23 ± 0.62 msec, and slow‐conducting cells, which invaded at a mean latency of 2.97 ± 0.62 msec. 3) The rostral part of SP5c contains cells with thalamic projections similar to that of type II SP5i neurons, whereas the caudal part did not label thalamic fibers in this study. A comparison of SP5i projections and PR5 projections in the VPM revealed that the former are restricted to ventral‐lateral tier of the nucleus, whereas the latter terminate principally in the upper two tiers of the VPM. These results suggest a functional compartmentation of thalamic barreloids that is defined by the topographic distribution of PR5 and type II SP5i afferents. J. Comp. Neurol. 420:233–243, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EFFECT OF COHERENT MOVING STIMULUS ON THE VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIAL ( CMVEP )

This paper describes research on visually evoked potential by motion stimulus through the use of electroencephalography. The purpose was to investigate the human perception of coherent motion and incoherent motion by conducting experiments to determine the response to a coherent moving stimulus. The response was further verified by varying the stimulus parameters and using several different approaches, based on current understanding of the motion detection mechanism in the neural system. Positive results from the experiment provide further evidence for the proposed motion detection mechanism. Based on the results of the experiments, the properties of the coherent motion stimulus evoked potential are characterized.
Analysis of the relation between Turkish twitter messages and stock market index

The increasing popularity of social networks also increased the amount of data collected in these networks. Online social applications, which are also defined as social media, provide ways of accessing large amounts of data about their users over the Internet. Not surprisingly, researchers started to focus on the data extraction process in these networks. In this context, data mining applications and data analysis allow researchers to extract some useful information about the masses and people. In this study, we examine a Turkish twitter data set using data mining techniques. Initially, Turkish tweet dataset is collected and emotional words are determined. An analysis is carried out to see if there is a relation between Turkish tweets and the Turkish stock market index. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study performed on Turkish tweets and stock market index.
Formally Reasoning About Quality

In recent years, there has been a growing need and interest in formally reasoning about the quality of software and hardware systems. As opposed to traditional verification, in which one considers the question of whether a system satisfies a given specification or not, reasoning about quality addresses the question of how well the system satisfies the specification. We distinguish between two approaches to specifying quality. The first, propositional quality, extends the specification formalism with propositional quality operators, which prioritize and weight different satisfaction possibilities. The second, temporal quality, refines the “eventually” operators of the specification formalism with discounting operators, whose semantics takes into an account the delay incurred in their satisfaction. In this article, we introduce two quantitative extensions of Linear Temporal Logic (LTL), one by propositional quality operators and one by discounting operators. In both logics, the satisfaction value of a specification is a number in [0, 1], which describes the quality of the satisfaction. We demonstrate the usefulness of both extensions and study the decidability and complexity of the decision and search problems for them as well as for extensions of LTL that combine both types of operators.
Feature Analysis for Exhaust Gas Temperature of Turbo Shaft Engine Based on Hilbert-Huang Transform

A new procedure based on Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) was proposed to investigate the change of the exhaust gas temperature (EGT) of turbo shaft engine. Energy-frequency-time distribution of the signal can be established though empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert transform, from which Hilbert energy spectrum was obtained. The energy spectrum was applied to indicate the energy distribution of the signal on the frequency axis. The variation of EGT changing with time was researched by using instantaneous energy. At the same time, the signals of EGT were decomposed into intrinsic mode function, by which can eliminate the effect of noise on original signal. Feasibility of the method had already been verified by the tests.
Revisiting the Foundations of Authentication Logics

In this paper, we make the point that the problems with logics in the BAN tradition are not with the idea of basing reasoning about security protocols using epi st mic notions, but with some of the specific decisions taken in the formulation of these logics. To illus trate this statement, we describe a formal logic for security protocol analysis based on well-underst ood modal operators, knowledge, time, and probability. We show how the logic can capture the intuitive high-level concepts of BAN and later logics. In particular, we formalize a translation of the BAN operato rs into our logic to model reasoning about security protocols in the presence of a Dolev-Yao adversary . We validate our translation by analyzing the Needham-Schroeder authentication protocol using our form alis . This analysis highlights some strong assumptions on nonces made by the Dolev-Yao model of the adve rsary. We address these concerns by formulating a different translation of the BAN operators us ing probability, and show how to analyze protocols in the presence of Dolev-Yao adversaries that are allowed guesses.
Hybrid Precoding for Multi-Group Physical Layer Multicasting

Next generation of wireless networks will likely rely on large-scale antenna systems, either in the form of massive multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) or millimeter wave (mmWave) systems. Therefore, the conventional fully-digital precoders are not suitable for physical layer multicasting as they require a dedicated radio frequency chain per antenna element. In this paper, we show that in a multi-group multicasting system with an arbitrary number of transmit antennas, $G$ multicasting groups, and an arbitrary number of users in each group, one can achieve the performance of any fully-digital precoder with just $G$ radio frequency chains using the proposed hybrid multi-group multicasting structure.
Augmented Reality: A Brand New Challenge for the Assessment and Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Augmented Reality is a new technological system that allows introducing virtual contents in the real world in order to run in the same representation and, in real time, enhancing the user's sensory perception of reality. From another point of view, Augmented Reality can be defined as a set of techniques and tools that add information to the physical reality. To date, Augmented Reality has been used in many fields, such as medicine, entertainment, maintenance, architecture, education, and cognitive and motor rehabilitation but very few studies and applications of AR exist in clinical psychology. In the treatment of psychological disorders, Augmented Reality has given preliminary evidence to be a useful tool due to its adaptability to the patient needs and therapeutic purposes and interactivity. Another relevant factor is the quality of the user's experience in the Augmented Reality system determined from emotional engagement and sense of presence. This experience could increase the AR ecological validity in the treatment of psychological disorders. This paper reviews the recent studies on the use of Augmented Reality in the evaluation and treatment of psychological disorders, focusing on current uses of this technology and on the specific features that delineate Augmented Reality a new technique useful for psychology.
WiMetroNet A Scalable Wireless Network for Metropolitan Transports

This paper addresses Wireless Networks for Metropolitan Transports (WNMT), a class of moving or vehicle to- infrastructure networks that may be used by public transportation systems to provide broadband access to their vehicles, stops, and passengers. We propose the WiMetroNet, a WNMT that is auto-configurable and scalable. It is based on a new Ad hoc routing protocol, the Wireless Metropolitan Routing Protocol (WMRP), which, coupled with data plane optimizations, was designed to be scalable to thousands of nodes.
De-blurring algorithm for fish eye Image on CCTV with nonlinear equation

A CCTV system reduces some number of cameras if we use fish-eye. In this case, fish-eye image distorted, we need transformation to flat images. In the center of images, a transformed image has no distortion, but at near boundary image has plentiful distortion. This distortion is caused by diffraction. In this paper, we introduce the backward solution of nonlinear wave equation for reducing blurred noise. To analysis the experimental result, we investigate to PSNR and get about more than 4 PSNR value.
International Conference on Information Systems ( ICIS ) 1231-2007 Producing Comfort : Risk , Anxiety and Trust in the Development of an IS Offshoring Relationship

In this paper we explore the notion of anxiety and its management in the context of a model of offshore software development that is becoming increasingly common in the contemporary world. In particular, we have focused on the important question of how comfort is produced in circumstances that may involve high risk and a very opaque development processes, which are inherently difficult to monitor, not least because of issues associated with geographical and cultural separation. The paper is based on an ongoing in-depth, longitudinal, interpretive study of the development of an offshore IT sourcing relationship between a small Irish financial services firm (NetTrade) and a large Indian software development company (IndiaSoft) with an extensive global presence. The case focuses on a crucial 18 month period in NetTrade’s commercial evolution, during which a decision was made to outsource the development of a replacement for their core technology to one of IndiaSoft’s offshore development centers in India City. Specifically, we examine the ongoing implementation process as it unfolded; from NetTrade’s initial decision to look for a suitable vendor, through the development of the NetTrade-IndiaSoft relationship, to the delivery of the first major component of the system. The paper makes empirical and conceptual contributions. With respect to the former, we present a more in-depth, granular, and longitudinal processual account of an outsourcing relationship than is common in the extant literature. Furthermore, the case presented is somewhat distinctive because of the Ireland-India relationship and the fact that it involves a large vendor and a very small client firm. Finally, the perception on both client and vendor sides that the relationship was Global Information Technology Issues 2 Twenty Eighth International Conference on Information Systems, Montreal 2007 very successful, meant that informants were not afraid to speak candidly about the project dynamics; providing us with the opportunity to do a detailed anatomy of, what was for the most part, a well managed project. From a conceptual point of view, we draw on the extensive literature on risk and trust to synthesize a distinctive perspective that enables us to problematise and shed light on some crucial, yet intangible and often overlooked, aspects of offshoring practice. In particular, we aim to make visible the ‘relationship work’ required to develop and sustain the outsourcing partnership over time and geography.
VERSION MZ-TH / 09-06 Compact Time and Determinism for Bosons

Free bosonic fields are investigated at a classical level by imposing their characteristic time periodicity as a constraint, in analogy with finite temperature field theory and with extra-dimensional field theories. Following the de Broglie hypothesis, this compactification naturally leads to a quantized energy spectrum with gaps given by the related fundamental frequency times the Planck constant. As a consequence of the relation between periodicity and energy, the time compactification must be regarded as dynamical and local. Thus the theory turns out to be consistent with special relativity and in particular respects causality. Remarkably, the non trivial classical dynamics of these periodic fields show formal, conceptual and phenomenological correspondences with the usual quantum theory of free fields. By extending the theory to a simple interaction scheme, we derive a novel interpretation of the AdS/CFT correspondence.
Multifrequency variability of the blazar AO 0235+164 . The WEBT campaign in 2004-2005 and long-term SED analysis

Aims. A huge multiwavelength campaign targeting the blazar AO 0235+164 was organized by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) in 2003-2005 to study the variability properties of the source. Methods. Monitoring observations were carried out at cm and mm wavelengths, and in the near-IR and optical bands, while three pointings by the XMM-Newton satellite provided information on the X-ray and UV emission. Results. We present the data acquired during the second observing season, 2004-2005, by 27 radio-to-optical telescopes. The ∼2600 data points collected allow us to trace the low-energy behaviour of the source in detail, revealing an increased near-IR and optical activity with respect to the previous season. Increased variability is also found at the higher radio frequencies, down to ∼15 GHz, but not at the lower ones. While the X-ray (and optical) light curves obtained during the XMM-Newton pointings reveal no significant short-term variability, the simultaneous intraday radio observations with the 100 m telescope at Effelsberg show flux-density changes at 10.5 GHz, which are more likely due to a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic processes. Conclusions. The radio (and optical) outburst predicted to peak around February-March 2004 on the basis of the previously observed 5-6 yr quasi-periodicity did not occur. The analysis of the optical light curves reveals now a longer characteristic time scale of variability of ∼8 yr, which is also present in the radio data. The spectral energy distributions corresponding to the XMM-Newton observations performed during the WEBT campaign are compared with those pertaining to previous pointings of X-ray satellites. Bright, soft X-ray spectra can be described in terms of an extra component, which appears also when the source is faint through a hard UV spectrum and a curvature of the X-ray spectrum. Finally, there might be a correlation between the X-ray and optical bright states with a long time delay of about 5 yr, which would require a geometrical interpretation.
The perception of the poor: Capturing stereotype content with different measures

Abstract Even though Sweden stands out in many ways, with for example a well-developed welfare system, there are some indications that Swedish egalitarianism does not include tolerance for people with low income. The present research concerns the content of the Swedish stereotype of poor people, and examines whether the poor are associated with just as negative traits as they are in other countries. Three different measurement methods were employed to investigate the contents and strength of the stereotype. In Study 1, participants freely associated on the perceived characteristics of Swedish citizens who receive welfare benefits. They also provided ratings of this group on traits related to warmth and competence. Study 2 employed both trait ratings and implicit measures (Single Category-IATs) in order to estimate the strength of the associations between the poor and warmth/competence, respectively. Across the different measures, the poor were associated with low competence and low–medium warmth. This corroborates the findings from previous research related to the Stereotype Content Model in other countries.
Flourish or Perish: The Influence of Interorganizational Networks and Flexibility on Technology Success in Winner-take-all Markets

This study focuses on cooperative standard setting. The empirical context is the home networking arena. This arena is characterized by rapid technological change and standards that are often supported by networks of actors. We hypothesize that the composition of these networks and the flexibility of these standards plays an important role in establishing dominance. Also, we hypothesize that network diversity, network size and standard flexibility reinforce each other. The study finds support for these hypotheses in a study of 137 consortia from 1990 to 2009.
The Stabilization of the Thermohaline Circulation by the Temperature–Precipitation Feedback

Abstract The meridional freshwater flux in the atmosphere, and hence the strength of the hydrological cycle, undergoes variations on glacial–interglacial as well as on some shorter timescales. A significant portion of these changes to the hydrological cycle are due to the temperature–precipitation feedback according to which there is more precipitation over the higher latitudes during warm periods when the moisture holding capacity of the atmosphere is higher. It is proposed here that this feedback may play an important role in determining the stability of the thermohaline circulation (THC). The THC stability to different parameterizations of the meridional atmospheric freshwater flux is therefore investigated using a simple box model of the ocean, atmosphere, and sea ice. It is demonstrated that parameterizations that are consistent with the temperature–precipitation feedback, and hence with the observed variations of the hydrological cycle during glacial–interglacial cycles, stabilize the THC for a wide.
Modelling and Validation of Response Times in Zoned RAID

We present and validate an enhanced analytical queueing network model of zoned RAID. The model focuses on RAID levels 01 and 5, and yields the distribution of I/O request response time. Whereas our previous work could only support arrival streams of I/O requests of the same type, the model presented here supports heterogeneous streams with a mixture of read and write requests. This improved realism is made possible through multiclass extentions to our existing model. When combined with priority queueing, this development also enables more accurate modelling of the way subtasks of RAID 5 write requests are scheduled. In all cases we derive analytical results for calculating not only the mean but also higher moments and the full distribution of I/O request response time. We validate our model against measurements from a real RAID system.