Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Program Directors and Educators Regarding the Adequacy of Oral Health Education in Nursing Assistant Curricula.

Purpose: National data indicate that the oral health status of the aging population in long term care facilities (LTCF) is poor in the majority of cases. Nursing assistants are considered to be the primary caregivers of oral health care to elders residing in LTCF's. The aim of this research was to explore the perspectives among nursing educators and program directors on the adequacy of oral health education in nursing assistant curricula.Methods: This exploratory, cross-sectional study utilized a web-based questionnaire adapted, with permission, from a prior study conducted in 2009. The 17- question survey regarding the adequacy of oral health education, was e-mailed to 253 nursing educators and program directors in 71 locations in the New England area with an explanation of the study and a link to SurveyMonkey®. Results: Of the 253 surveys e-mailed, 100 surveys (n=100) were returned giving an overall response rate of 40%. Fourteen respondents (n=14) indicated that their program did not include oral health education in their curriculum and were excluded from the study. The remaining 86 participants (program directors n=26 and educators n=60) indicated that oral health education was included in their nursing assistant curricula. Respondents who reported spending more time on both didactic (P<0.001) and clinical instruction in oral health (P<0.001) were more likely to agree that the oral health care education provided in their program was adequate (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicate that the perception of nursing educators and program directors is that the level of oral health education within the nursing assistant curricula is adequate in preparing students with the skills and knowledge needed to provide oral health care to patients.
A Phase I–II study of 96‐hour infusional topotecan and paclitaxel for patients with recurrent müllerian tumors

Topotecan and paclitaxel are schedule dependent chemotherapeutic agents with activity against ovarian carcinoma. A Phase I–II study in which both drugs were administered concurrently by 96‐hour, continuous, intravenous infusion was performed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), toxicities, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of the combination.
Hybrid Silicon Colliding-Pulse Mode-Locked Lasers With On-Chip Stabilization

We investigate the design of hybrid silicon colliding-pulse mode-locked laser diodes and the dependence on quantum well design. We show the reduction in microwave linewidth using two techniques. First, reducing the number of quantum wells reduces the confinement factor thereby lowering the spontaneous emission contribution to the linewidth. Second, a ~4-cm long on-chip feedback cavity is used to provide optical feedback to stabilize the laser and further reduce the linewidth. The linewidth achieved at 17.36 GHz using the above two techniques is 29 kHz.
New Approaches to Improve the Performance of Thin-Film Radial Junction Solar Cells Built Over Silicon Nanowire Arrays

Owing to their enhanced light trapping and antireflection effects, silicon nanowires (SiNWs) provide an active research platform for a new generation of cost-effective and efficient solar cells. By optimizing the density of nanowires and depositing amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) on top of them, stable radial junction p-i-n devices with efficiencies in the range of 8-9% have already been realized, and there is still room for improvement. For instance, by modifying the SiNW/a-Si:H interface, an open-circuit voltage as high as 0.9 V has been achieved. In addition, increasing the bandgap of the window layer is found to be effective for blue-response enhancement. Modeling of equivalent structures with a-Si:H nanowires by rigorous-coupled wave analysis method shows that short-circuit current density can be improved up to 20 mA/cm2, and changing the active material to crystalline silicon allows us to broaden the absorption to near infrared spectral region. Initial results with hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon as an active layer are also presented.
Church Member Support Benefits Psychological Well-Being of Pregnant African American Women

ABSTRACT: Depression during pregnancy is common, and pregnant African American (AA) women are more likely to experience depressive symptoms compared with pregnant non-Hispanic white women. This study explored AA women's experience of church attendance, church member support, depressive symptoms, and psychological well-being at 15-25 weeks' gestation. Nurses need to be aware of the importance of church support and encourage clergy and church members to be supportive of pregnant women.
Validity and reliability of the infant breastfeeding assessment tool, the mother baby assessment tool, and the LATCH scoring system.

AIM We aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Tool (IBFAT), the Mother Baby Assessment (MBA) Tool, and the LATCH scoring system. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Mothers who delivered healthy, full-term infants in the Obstetrics & Gynecology Service of Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, between December 2013 and January 2014 and their infants were included in the study. Forty-six randomly selected breastfeeding sessions were monitored and scored simultaneously by three researchers (Raters 1, 2, and 3) using LATCH, IBFAT, and the MBA Tool. Researchers put the score sheets in an envelope in order to hide them from each other. The compatibility of the scores given by three researchers was assessed by statistical methods. RESULTS We found positive and significant correlation coefficients between 0.81 to 0.88 for the total MBA score, between 0.90 to 0.95 for the total IBFAT score, and between 0.85 to 0.91 for the total LATCH score. Correlation coefficients testing these three tools ranged from 0.71 to 0.88, with the minimum value being noted for the correlation between LATCH and IBFAT scores and the maximum value being noted for the correlation between LATCH and MBA scores. CONCLUSIONS We found positive and significant correlations between researchers' scores for 46 observations using the three assessment tools. This study showed that these above-mentioned tools were compatible for the assessment of the efficiency of breastfeeding.
The K+–Cl− cotransporter KCC2 promotes GABAergic excitation in the mature rat hippocampus

GABAergic excitatory [K+]o transients can be readily evoked in the mature rat hippocampus by intense activation of GABAA receptors (GABAARs). Here we show that these [K+]o responses induced by high‐frequency stimulation or GABAA agonist application are generated by the neuronal K+–Cl− cotransporter KCC2 and that the transporter‐mediated KCl extrusion is critically dependent on the bicarbonate‐driven accumulation of Cl− in pyramidal neurons. The mechanism underlying GABAergic [K+]o transients was studied in CA1 stratum pyramidale using intracellular sharp microelectrodes and extracellular ion‐sensitive microelectrodes. The evoked [K+]o transients, as well as the associated afterdischarges, were strongly suppressed by 0.5–1 mm furosemide, a KCl cotransport inhibitor. Importantly, the GABAAR‐mediated intrapyramidal accumulation of Cl−, as measured by monitoring the reversal potential of fused IPSPs, was unaffected by the drug. It was further confirmed that the reduction in the [K+]o transients was not due to effects of furosemide on the Na+‐dependent K+‐Cl− cotransporter NKCC1 or on intraneuronal carbonic anhydrase activity. Blocking potassium channels by Ba2+ enhanced [K+]o transients whereas pyramidal cell depolarizations were attenuated in further agreement with a lack of contribution by channel‐mediated K+ efflux. The key role of the GABAAR channel‐mediated anion fluxes in the generation of the [K+]o transients was examined in experiments where bicarbonate was replaced with formate. This anion substitution had no significant effect on the rate of Cl− accumulation, [K+]o response or afterdischarges. Our findings reveal a novel excitatory mode of action of KCC2 that can have substantial implications for the role of GABAergic transmission during ictal epileptiform activity.
Net Migration as a Target for Migration Policies: A Review and Appraisal of the UK Experience

The impact of migration on population growth has become a ubiquitous argument in UK immigration debates, leading to the introduction of immigration restrictions to reduce net migration and prevent the UK population from reaching 70 million. Taking the UK as a case study, this article assesses the rationale for setting a national net migration target as a pivotal point for migration policies and the feasibility of limiting net migration using immigration controls. A framework for analysing the effects of migration policies on net migration is proposed and applied to UK official migration data. The results show that, due to various policy constraints, competing objectives and unintended feedbacks, it is neither optimal nor entirely feasible to prioritize a reduction of net migration as a target for migration policies. Nevertheless, factoring net migration into the migration policy debate provides useful insights on the long-term implications of migration policies in the context of broader demographic changes.
Anthropometric characteristics of primary school-aged children: accuracy of perception and differences by gender, age and BMI.

BACKGROUND Body perception has been mainly studied in adolescents and adults in relation to eating disorders and obesity because such conditions are usually associated with distortion in the perception of body size. The development of body perception in children was rather neglected despite the relevance of this issue in understanding the aetiology of health eating problems. The main aim of this study was to investigate body weight and body height perception in children by gender, age and body mass index (BMI), taking into account differences among underweight, healthy weight, overweight and obese children. METHODS A school-based sample of 572 Italian children (49% boys) aged 6-10 were involved in a cross-sectional survey. Current weight and height were measured by standard protocols, and BMI was calculated and converted in centile categories using the Italian growth curves for children. Perceived weight and height were assessed using visual methods (figures representing children of different weight and height). RESULTS About a third of the children do not show to have an accurate perception of their weight and height (weight: 36%; height: 32%): as for weight, an error of underestimation prevails and as for height, an error of overestimation prevails. In general, children who have different weight and height from the average tend to perceive their physical characteristics closer to average. However, overweight children underestimate their weight much more than obese children. CONCLUSIONS Distortions in the perception of their physical features, weight and height, appear to be related to the aesthetic models of Western culture. The tendency to underestimate weight, particularly in overweight children, has implications in interventions for health promotion and healthy lifestyle in school-aged children.
Catheter-based in vivo imaging of enzyme activity and gene expression: feasibility study in mice.

PURPOSE To construct and evaluate an interventional catheter-based imaging system for intravital monitoring of molecularly sensitive near-infrared fluorescent probes and optical marker genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS An imaging device that was based on a miniaturized fiberoptic sensor (MIFS) was built in which images created with a 2.7-F fiberoptic catheter were relayed through a dichroic mirror, through a bandpass filter, and on two independent cameras. This system permitted simultaneous recording of white-light and fluorescent images. Spatial resolution, spectral transmissions, and sensitivity were determined in vitro. In vivo testing was performed in nude mice bearing intraperitoneal tumors that express green fluorescent protein and in a mouse model of ovarian carcinoma with enzyme-activatable near-infrared probes sensitive to tumoral protease activity. Signal intensity on images of tumors and that on images of normal tissue were measured and compared with t test. RESULTS The catheter, which was advanced through an 18-gauge sheath, showed resolution of 7 line pairs per millimeter and detection limit for fluorochrome Cy5.5 of 1-10 pmol. Detection of endogenous green fluorescent protein gene expression was feasible in tumor nodules smaller than 1 mm in diameter (mean tumor signal intensity, 153.26 +/- 26.45 [SD], compared with that of adjacent nontumoral tissue of 36.73 +/- 11.69; P <.008). Similarly, activation of the near-infrared probe by tumoral proteases could be detected in peritoneal tumor seeds of ovarian cancer model with mean tumor signal intensity of 246.33 +/- 7.77 compared with that of adjacent nontumoral tissue of 41.56 +/- 18.64 (P <.001). Mean contrast-to-noise ratio in the near-infrared channel exceeded white-light contrast-to-noise ratio by a factor of 6.7 (P <.02). CONCLUSION With this system, in vivo MIFS imaging of gene expression, enzyme activity, and potentially other molecular events is feasible, through direct interventional access to several organs and body cavities and potentially through transvascular approaches.
The social shaping of electronic metals exchanges: an institutional theory perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to examine the structures and business models of electronic metals exchanges between 1995 and 2003.Design/methodology/approach – A dialectical institutional analysis is applied to understand the exchanges’ responses to competing pressures for efficiency and legitimacy.Findings – Although efficiency is enabled by internet technologies that provide greater information transparency and access, public metals exchanges exhibited less ability to survive than private exchanges. It is argued that private exchanges survived because traders regarded them as more legitimate. Private exchange models allowed existing traditional relationships involving trust and privacy to continue, whereas public exchanges did not.Originality/value – The institutional analysis complements economic analyses of the role and structure of intermediaries in B2B electronic commerce.
A novel mutation operator for the evolutionary learning of Bayesian networks

Structure learning is a very important problem in the context of Bayesian networks (BNs). For this reason, it has been largely studied in the last few years and many approaches have been presented to find an optimal structure based on training samples. In a previous paper, we proposed an evolutionary algorithm for BN structure learning based on a data structure specifically devised for encoding BNs. The proposed approach was used to combine the responses of classifier ensembles. In this paper, we present a further improvement along this direction, in that we have developed a novel mutation operator that allows a more effective exploration of the search space. The devised operator is able to modify both node ordering and the connection topology of the encoded BN. The experimental results, obtained by using five benchmark datasets, confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Distant metastases and malignant cellular neoplasms encountered in the oral and maxillofacial region: analysis of 92 patients treated at a single institution.

UNLABELLED Distant metastases to the oral cavity, the face or facial skeleton are rare and/in are usually found in such locations at a late stage of the malignancy. In the majority of cases, the malignancy is already known at the time of admission. However, a distant metastasis as the first sign of a cancer developing in other parts of body may occasionally be found. Malignant cellular neoplasms, in particular those derived from the haematopoetic system, are also rarely diagnosed first in the oral and maxillofacial (OMF) region. Therapy for these patients is difficult. Main parameters of therapy are type of tumour, general health condition and localization of the tumour. The aim of this study was to analyse the types of tumour, the treatment modalities and the outcome of patients who experienced a malignant disease in the OMF region under these conditions. PATIENTS A total of 92 patients were treated for distant metastases or cellular malignant neoplasms in the OMF region at a single institution (female: 45, male: 47, ratio 1:1.04; mean age: 61.4 years; range: 5 to 88 years). RESULTS In females, the most frequent primary tumour was breast cancer (40%), followed by malignant lymphoma (17.8%), malignant melanoma and hypernephroma (8.9% each). In males, the most frequent primaries were lymphomas (25.5%), followed by lung cancer and carcinoma of unknown primary site (CUPD syndrome; 17 each). Hypernephroma was the site of origin in 8.5%. Mean survival of patients with solid tumours was 1.28 years and 4.85 years in patients with cellular neoplasm. Survival rates differed significantly in both diagnostic groups (p=0.001). All patients with distant metastases died within 5 years. In patients with malignant cellular neoplasms, significant differences in survival rates were identified. Male survival was calculated to be 90% at 5 years' follow-up, but was poor for females (0%). CONCLUSION Prognosis is poor in patients with distant metastases from solid tumours of other body parts to the OMF region. Female patients with malignant cellular neoplasms becoming symptomatic in this region share the fate of patients with solid metastases. Males with this diagnosis have a better prognosis.
Robustness analysis of a nonlinear missile autopilot : an integral quadratic constraint approach

In this paper, integral quadratic constraints (IQC) and linear parameter varying modelling are used to analyse the stability robustness of an uncertain nonlinear control system. A pitch-axis model of a highly maneuverable missile is presented and a nonlinear control based on dynamic inversion is applied. Stability is then analysed in presence of uncertainties on the aerodynamic coefficients via the IQC framework.
Price setting behaviour in Spain: stylised facts using consumer price micro data

This paper identifies the basic features of the price setting mechanism in the Spanish economy, using a large dataset that contains over 1.1 million price records and covers around 70% of the expenditure on the CPI basket. In particular, the paper identifies differences in the frequency and size of price adjustments across types of products and explores how these general features are affected by certain specific factors: seasonality, the level of inflation, changes in indirect taxation and the practice of using psychological and round prices. We find that prices do not change often but do so by a large amount, although there is a marked heterogeneity across products. Moreover, the high frequency of price reductions suggests that there is no strong downward rigidity. Our evidence also supports the use of time and state dependent pricing strategies.
Public Access Television: A Radical Critique

America’s most notable attempt at radical telecommunication policy public access television (PA-TV). PA-TV extracts resources from cable television companies in support of individuals and groups to produce and distribute video programming to their communities. PA-TV gives ordinary citizens direct access to society’s most powerful mass medium, television, and provides financial support to make that access effective: PA-TV’s experiment in speaking truth to power has been supported with nearly $2 billion dollars. These resources have supported policy goals that are explicitly political: the creation of what democratic theorists call a free speech forum and what radical social theorists call a public sphere. Yet public access TV presents a puzzle. Why have its social impacts have been so modest? The Washington policy makers who created PA-TV anticipated that it would energize communities, enhance local culture, and stimulate grassroots democracy. The grassroots activists saw it as a tool to puncture the one dimensional consciousness of advanced capitalist society. After thirty years there is little convincing evidence that public access has affected communities in the manner and to the degree that early proponents anticipated. Certainly, it has had its achievements. Yet PA-TV’s impacts contrast markedly with that of another local medium, talk show radio, to which is attributed a key role in US society’s political and social shift to conservatism (ref). How could policies as promising as public access TV seemingly fall so short? This article seeks to explain PA-TV’s seemingly modest impacts in terms of its institutional structure. PA-TV’s history needs to be understood not so much in terms of the actions of the individuals who operate, oversee, and use the access centers, but in terms of its overarching structures, such as its regulatory framework, organizational form, technology, and professional culture. These institutions have channeled and constrained individuals’ action in ways that have hindered PA-TV’s ability to achieve its goals.
Associations of Family and Peer Experiences with Masculinity Attitude Trajectories at the Individual and Group Level in Adolescent and Young Adult Males

Data were drawn from 845 males in the National Survey of Adolescent Males who were initially aged 15-17, and followed-up 2.5 and 4.5 years later, to their early twenties. Mixed-effects regression models (MRM) and semiparametric trajectory analyses (STA) modeled patterns of change in masculinity attitudes at the individual and group levels, guided by gender intensification theory and cognitive-developmental theory. Overall, men’s masculinity attitudes became significantly less traditional between middle adolescence and early adulthood. In MRM analyses using time-varying covariates, maintaining paternal coresidence and continuing to have first sex in uncommitted heterosexual relationships were significantly associated with masculinity attitudes remaining relatively traditional. The STA modeling identified three distinct patterns of change in masculinity attitudes. A traditional-liberalizing trajectory of masculinity attitudes was most prevalent, followed by traditional-stable and nontraditional-stable trajectories. Implications for gender intensification and cognitive-developmental approaches to masculinity attitudes are discussed.
A Probabilistic Resource Allocating Network for Novelty Detection

The detection of novel or abnormal input vectors is of importance in many monitoring tasks, such as fault detection in complex systems and detection of abnormal patterns in medical diagnostics. We have developed a robust method for novelty detection, which aims to minimize the number of heuristically chosen thresholds in the novelty decision process. We achieve this by growing a gaussian mixture model to form a representation of a training set of normal system states. When previously unseen data are to be screened for novelty we use the same threshold as was used during training to define a novelty decision boundary. We show on a sample problem of medical signal processing that this method is capable of providing robust novelty decision boundaries and apply the technique to the detection of epileptic seizures within a data record.
An Anshin Model for the Evaluation of the Sense of Security

The evaluation of security technology has been concerned with how secure a system is from the theoretical and performance viewpoints. On the other hand, the majority of computer users have not been sure about how secure the systems and services which they use really are. Not so much work has been done on how well a user interface incorporates users' subjective feelings such as the sense of security. We look into this problem and propose an initial model of evaluating security systems in terms of the sense of security. The factors include knowledge, trust and impression. We conducted an experiment with users of a secure memo submission system, the under-the-door system, to demonstrate empirically how those factors influence the sense of security.