Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE STUDY OF THE AGE-RELATED DYNAMICS OF THE REACTION TIME TO VISUAL STIMULI IN SCHOOLCHILDREN

A fast reaction to visual stimuli is important for the success of any athlete. A fast reaction time enables a quick response in key situations. We have studied how age, sport engagement, moderate physical activity and lateralization affect the simple reaction time to visual stimuli in schoolchildren between the ages of 9 and 13. The reaction time to visual stimuli was statistically significantly shorter in older children compared to younger ones. The sport club basketball players who had been training and playing basketball for several years had a statistically significantly shorter reaction time to visual stimuli compared to schoolchildren of the same age from a rural environment who did not engage in sports. Moderate physical activity and lateralization did not significantly affect the reaction time values. The simple reaction time to visual stimuli was used in this study to evaluate the speed and explosive abilities of young basketball players. By training certain movements, we managed to improve their reaction time and thus influence the quality of their game. Integrating training of these skills into sport clubs and schools would affect the improvement of basketball performance and the prevention of injury.
N-symmetry direction field design

Many algorithms in computer graphics and geometry processing use two orthogonal smooth direction fields (unit tangent vector fields) defined over a surface. For instance, these direction fields are used in texture synthesis, in geometry processing or in nonphotorealistic rendering to distribute and orient elements on the surface. Such direction fields can be designed in fundamentally different ways, according to the symmetry requested: inverting a direction or swapping two directions might be allowed or not. Despite the advances realized in the last few years in the domain of geometry processing, a unified formalism is still lacking for the mathematical object that characterizes these generalized direction fields. As a consequence, existing direction field design algorithms are limited to using nonoptimum local relaxation procedures. In this article, we formalize N-symmetry direction fields, a generalization of classical direction fields. We give a new definition of their singularities to explain how they relate to the topology of the surface. Specifically, we provide an accessible demonstration of the Poincaré-Hopf theorem in the case of N-symmetry direction fields on 2-manifolds. Based on this theorem, we explain how to control the topology of N-symmetry direction fields on meshes. We demonstrate the validity and robustness of this formalism by deriving a highly efficient algorithm to design a smooth field interpolating user-defined singularities and directions.
Secure WWW Server for Lotus Notes

A major shortcoming of the InterNotes WebPublisher (the WWW server for Lotus Notes) is the lack of security mechanisms. Security mechanisms are present during transactions between native Notes clients and servers. However, they are not present during transactions between the WebPublisher and Web browsers. This study proposes three designs that enable secure communications between Web browsers and the WebPublisher. In addition, it surveys current state-of-the-art of computer security and analyzes existing Lotus Notes and Web security mechanisms. Thesis Supervisor: Ronald Linn Rivest, Ph.D. Title: Associate Director, Laboratory for Computer Science
CMOS Saturated Power Amplifier With Dynamic Auxiliary Circuits for Optimized Envelope Tracking

A CMOS saturated power amplifier (PA) is developed for optimally implementing the envelope-tracking (ET) transmitter. The CMOS saturated PA is used to maximize the efficiency of the ET PA. The dynamic feedback control and the biasing techniques at the gates of the common-gate stage and the common-source of the cascode structure are proposed to improve the dynamic range, linearity and efficiency. The fully-integrated CMOS PA with a supply modulator is fabricated using a 0.18- μm RF CMOS technology. For a long-term evolution signal at 1.85 GHz with a 10-MHz bandwidth and a 16-quadrature amplitude modulation 7.5 dB peak-to-average power ratio, the ET-based CMOS PA module delivers a power-added efficiency of 37.6%, an error vector magnitude of 2.4%, and an an evolved universal terrestrial radio access adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLRE-UTRA) of -36.8 dBc at an average output power of 26.5 dBm. The proposed auxiliary circuits enable the ET-based CMOS PA to provide the significantly improved performance.
Tidal Debris from High-Velocity Collisions as Fake Dark Galaxies: A Numerical Model of VIRGOHI 21

High-speed collisions, although current in clusters of galaxies, have long been neglected, as they are believed to cause little damages to galaxies except when they are repeated, a process called “harassment. ” In fact, they are able to produce faint but extended gaseous tails. Such low-mass, starless, tidal debris may become detached and appear as free-floating clouds in the very deep H I surveys that are currently being carried out. We show in this paper that these debris possess the same apparent properties as the so-called dark galaxies, objects originally detected in H I, with no optical counterpart, and presumably dark matter-dominated. We present a numerical model of the prototype of such dark galaxies—VIRGOHI 21—that is able to reproduce its main characteristics: the one-sided tail linking it to the spiral galaxy NGC 4254, the absence of stars, and above all the reversal of the velocity gradient along the tail originally attributed to rotation motions caused by a massive dark matter halo, which we find to be consistent with simple streaming motions plus projection effects. According to our numerical simulations, this tidal debris was expelled 750 Myr ago during a flyby at 1100 km s−1 of NGC 4254 by a massive companion that should now lie at a projected distance of about 400 kpc. A candidate for the intruder is discussed. The existence of galaxies that have never been able to form stars had already been challenged on the basis of theoretical and observational grounds. Tidal collisions, in particular those occurring at high speed, provide a much more simple explanation for the origin of such putative dark galaxies.
Rough concept analysis for rough classification

Nowadays, we need much time and effort for extracting useful information in a flood of data, which are generated everyday by the development of a computer. In order to solve such a problem, many approaches are proposed. Data Mining is the whole process for knowledge discovery by analyzing data, or by extracting patterns in specific categories from data. As a Data Mining approach, in recent days, interests in Formal Concept Analysis and Rough Set Theory are on the increase and researches based on them are going in progress actively. In this paper, we have proposed a rough concept analysis and developed Rough Concept Analyzer for rough classification and extract hidden knowledge easily from given vague data. Also we have demonstrated how our proposed approach can be applied in tag-based social bookmarking system through our experiment. By rough classification using the "Rough Concept Analyzer", we can discover useful knowledge that cannot find out by using the FCA, from the vague data. Our tool would be helpful for rough classification and analyzing the uncertain data out of various fields.
Pulsatile Myocardial Tubes Fabricated With Cell Sheet Engineering

Background— Tissue engineering approaches involving the direct transplantation of cardiac patches have received significant attention as alternative methods for the treatment of damaged hearts. In contrast, we used cardiomyocyte sheets harvested from temperature-responsive culture dishes to create pulsatile myocardial tubes and examined their in vivo function and survival. Methods and Results— Neonatal rat cardiomyocyte sheets were sequentially wrapped around a resected adult rat thoracic aorta and transplanted in place of the abdominal aorta of athymic rats (n=17). Four weeks after transplantation, the myocardial tubes demonstrated spontaneous and synchronous pulsations independent of the host heartbeat. Independent graft pressures with a magnitude of 5.9±1.7 mm Hg due to their independent pulsations were also observed (n=4). Additionally, histological examination and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the beating tubes were composed of cardiac tissues that resemble the native heart. Finally, when myocardial tubes used for aortic replacement were compared with grafts implanted in the abdominal cavity (n=7), we observed significantly increased tissue thickness, as well as expression of brain natriuretic peptide, myosin heavy chain-&agr;, and myosin heavy chain-&bgr;. Conclusions— Functional myocardial tubes that have the potential for circulatory support can be created with cell sheet engineering. These results also suggest that pulsation due to host blood flow within the lumen of the myocardial tubes has a profound effect on stimulating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and growth. These results demonstrate a novel approach for the future development of engineered cardiac tissues with the ability for independent cardiac assistance.
Development of a positioning & compensation device for a versatile micro robot

In this paper, we describe the design and development of a positioning and compensation device for a versatile micro robot. To provide microscopic operations, the versatile micro robot has developed. The robot can move in any direction in the manner of an inchworm. However many positioning errors exist because of an assembling error in the four piezoelectric actuators and two electromagnets. We need an automatic positioning device for more accurate work. Motion compensation is also highly required for more effective work. This robot is very small, so it can easily be set to work with the various devices. The positing device should also be small so that we can carry the device easily and set it up in a narrow working area. In this report, we propose a USB camera based positioning device with special compensation function. In experiments, we succeeded in controlling the robot on an octagonal path with controlling the posture angle freely. When we compensate for the motion, the positioning time becomes 60 % compared to that of no compensation. The design procedure, basic performance and biomedical application are also discussed as an advance in the new field of micro-robotics used in precision regions.
Institute for Mathematical Physics Comparing Formulations of Generalized Quantum Mechanics for Reparametrization-invariant Systems Comparing Formulations of Generalized Quantum Mechanics for Reparametrization-invariant Systems Typeset Using Revt E X

A class of decoherence schemes is described for implementing the principles of generalized quantum theory in reparametrization-invariant`hyperbolic' models such as minisuperspace quantum cosmology. The connection with sum-over-histories constructions is exhibited and the physical equivalence or in-equivalence of diierent such schemes is analyzed. The discussion focuses on comparing constructions based on the Klein-Gordon product with those based on the induced (a.k.a. Rieeel, Reened Algebraic, Group Averaging, or Spectral Analysis) inner product. It is shown that the Klein-Gordon and induced products can be simply related for the models of interest. This fact is then used to establish isomorphisms between certain decoherence schemes based on these products.
Algorithms and Complexity Results for Learning and Big Data

This thesis focuses on problems in the theory and practice of machine learning and big data. We will explore the complexity-theoretic properties of MapReduce, one of the most ubiquitous distributed computing frameworks for big data, give new algorithms and prove computational hardness results for a model of clustering, and study fairness in machine learning applications. In our study of MapReduce, we address some of the central questions that computational complexity theory asks about models of computation. After giving a detailed and precise formalization of MapReduce as a model of computation, based on the work of Karloff et al., we compare it to classical Turing machines, and show that languages which can be decided by a Turing machine using sublogarithmic space can also be decided by a constant-round MapReduce computation. In the second half of the chapter, we turn our attention to the question of whether an increased number of rounds or an increased amount of computation time per processor leads to strictly more computational power. We answer this question in the affirmative, proving a hierarchy theorem for MapReduce computations, conditioned on the Exponential Time Hypothesis. We will also study an interactive model of clustering introduced by Balcan and Blum. In this framework of clustering, we give algorithms for clustering linear functionals and hyperplanes, and give computational hardness results that show that other concept classes, including deterministic finite automata, constant-depth threshold circuits, and Boolean formulas, are not possible to efficiently cluster if standard cryptographic assumptions hold. Finally, we address the issue of fairness in machine learning. We propose a novel approach for modifying three popular machine learning algorithms, AdaBoost, logistic regression, and support vector machines, to eliminate bias against a protected group. We empirically compare our method to previous approaches in the literature as well as various baseline algorithms by evaluating them on various real-world datasets, and also give theoretical justification for its performance. We also propose a new measure of fairness for machine learning classifiers, and demonstrate that it can help distinguish between naive and more sophisticated approaches even in the cases when measuring error and bias is not sufficient.
Susceptibility to low-temperature photoinhibition in three conifers differing in successional status.

Susceptibility to photoinhibition of the evergreen conifers Abies alba Mill. , Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Pinus mugo Turra was investigated in an unheated greenhouse during winter and spring 2003. Photosynthetic performance of the seedlings was assessed by chlorophyll a fluorescence and analyses of chlorophyll and total carotenoid concentrations in needles. During winter months, maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence, Fv/Fm) was significantly greater in A. alba than in P. abies and P. mugo. Abies alba also sustained higher maximum apparent electron transport rate (ETRmax) than P. abies and P. mugo. Total concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoids in needles decreased during the winter in P. mugo and P. abies, but remained stable in A. alba. For all species, Fv/Fm decreased from December until February and then increased to a maximum in April. Photoinhibition was greatest (Fv/Fm < 0.80) in all seedlings in February, the month with the lowest mean temperature. Saturating photosynthetic photon flux (PPFsat) and ETRmax were positively related to air temperature. All species had lower values of ETRmax and PPFsat in winter than in spring. Non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) was highest at low air temperatures. Differences among species in susceptibility to winter photoinhibition resulted from their specific light preferences and led to different mechanisms to cope with photoinhibitory stress. The more shade-tolerant A. alba sustained a higher photosynthetic capacity in winter than P. abies and P. mugo. Winter photoinhibition in P. abies, P. mugo and, to a lesser extent, in A. alba may reflect adaptive photoprotection of the photosynthetic apparatus in winter.
Automatic Labeling of Vertebral Levels Using a Robust Template-Based Approach

Context. MRI of the spinal cord provides a variety of biomarkers sensitive to white matter integrity and neuronal function. Current processing methods are based on manual labeling of vertebral levels, which is time consuming and prone to user bias. Although several methods for automatic labeling have been published; they are not robust towards image contrast or towards susceptibility-related artifacts. Methods. Intervertebral disks are detected from the 3D analysis of the intensity profile along the spine. The robustness of the disk detection is improved by using a template of vertebral distance, which was generated from a training dataset. The developed method has been validated using T1- and T2-weighted contrasts in ten healthy subjects and one patient with spinal cord injury. Results. Accuracy of vertebral labeling was 100%. Mean absolute error was 2.1 ± 1.7 mm for T2-weighted images and 2.3 ± 1.6 mm for T1-weighted images. The vertebrae of the spinal cord injured patient were correctly labeled, despite the presence of artifacts caused by metallic implants. Discussion. We proposed a template-based method for robust labeling of vertebral levels along the whole spinal cord for T1- and T2-weighted contrasts. The method is freely available as part of the spinal cord toolbox.
Resistência à vigilância eletrônica: a resposta dos gestores de equipes de teleatendimento

Resumo Os estudos mostram que a resposta dos gestores à resistência à vigilância eletrônica afeta o formato da resistência e seus efeitos na organização. Contudo, há escassez de pesquisas sobre a resposta dos gestores a esses comportamentos, permanecendo as seguintes questões sem resposta: “Como os gestores respondem à resistência à vigilância eletrônica? ”; e “O que os leva a responder dessa forma? ”. Para respondê-las, este estudo busca compreender a resposta dos gestores à resistência à vigilância eletrônica. A base teórica adotada combina as classificações de Coetsee (1999), Lapointe e Rivard (2005), Regan (1996) e Rivard e Lapointe (2012). Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com 9 gestores de equipes de teleatendimento que trabalhavam em empresas de setores variados e submetidos a Análise de Conteúdo no programa computacional Atlas.ti 7. Os resultados sugerem que os gestores respondem à resistência à vigilância de 3 formas: tentam convencer o trabalhador a desistir da resistência (dissuasão); não tomam uma atitude (inação); ou modificam o sistema de vigilância (retificação). Quatro aspectos os levam a tais respostas: tecnologia-alvo; formato da resistência; frequência da resistência; e tamanho da equipe do gestor. O participante com a menor equipe não relatou resistência à vigilância, o que pode indicar a inexistência desses atos em algumas configurações. Esta pesquisa auxilia os pesquisadores a definir a base teórica de suas pesquisas, entender o controle nas empresas atuais e definir novos problemas de pesquisa. Aos gestores, sugere as tecnologias-alvo de resistência e o formato desses comportamentos.
Design and process simulation of p-well guard ring Si Avalanche Photodiode

The design, simulation and characterization of Silicon Avalanche Photodiode (SAPD) that can be implemented with SILVACO TCAD tool are presented. This SAPD design used the diffusion of p-wells to create a low p layer doping density as the guard ring to prevent the premature breakdown at the edge of the device. The result demonstrated that the proper gap length between p-wells to create the guard ring allows SAPD to work in the Geiger mode. This showed that by developing a low-doped guard ring at the edge of the junction, it will reduce the electric field, minimize the avalanche current and the edge breakdown can be prevented. In this paper, the SAPD with square shape active area of 2 × 2 μm2 and low doped p-well guard ring has VBD of 27 V and avalanche current of 0.85 pA.
Computational intelligence and active networks

In this paper, some application of computational intelligence techniques in active networking technology well be presented. Computational intelligent techniques, e.g., neural networks, fuzzy systems, neuro-fuzzy systems, and evolutionary algorithms have been successfully applied for many engineering problems. The introduction of active networking adds a high degree of flexibility in customizing the network infrastructure and introduces new functionality. Therefore, there is a clear need for investigating both the applicability of computational intelligence techniques in this new networking environment, as well as the provisions of active networking technology that computational intelligence techniques can exploit for improved operation.
Component score weighting for GMM based text-independent speaker verification

GMM/UBM framework is wildly used in Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV), however, due to the insufficiency of the training data, both the hypothesized speaker and impostors are not well modeled, especially to some of the Gaussian component mixtures. Thus, the Gaussian mixtures in each GMM model have different discriminative capabilities, and the mismatch between testing and training data will also aggravate this situation. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, namely, Component Score Weighing (CSW), to reweight the Gaussian mixtures and highlight those which have high discriminative capability by post-processing the log-likelihood ratio (LLR). The original log-likelihood in GMM systems is assigned to each Gaussian component mixture, deriving two component score serials, which we called the dominant score serial and the residual score serial. A nonlinear score weighting function is then applied to reweigh those scores, respectively. Experiments on NIST 2006 SRE corpus show that, this approach achieves notable performance gains over our previous baseline system (about 12% relative improvement in minimum detection cost function (DCF) value).
Recognition and classification of geometric shapes using neural networks

The research presented in this paper refers to classification of geometric shapes (cubes, pyramids and cylinders) using multilayer neural network. The input data of the algorithm are the images of shapes placed in different positions and distances from the camera. The classification is based on feature vectors that are obtained using methods of digital image processing. Feature vectors are inputs of neural network. Supervised training of neural network is performed. Reduction algorithm was used in aim of dimension reduction of feature vectors, so the classification results can be displayed graphically. Recognition and classification of geometric shapes may be of interest for realization of many robotic tasks, especially those related to catching of objects with robotic arm or movement of a robot with a set of obstacles.
On the Importance of Ezafe Construction in Persian Parsing

Ezafe construction is an idiosyncratic phenomenon in the Persian language. It is a good indicator for phrase boundaries and dependency relations but mostly does not appear in the text. In this paper, we show that adding information about Ezafe construction can give 4.6% relative improvement in dependency parsing and 9% relative improvement in shallow parsing. For evaluation purposes, Ezafe tags are manually annotated in the Persian dependency treebank. Furthermore, to be able to conduct experiments on shallow parsing, we develop a dependency to shallow phrase structure convertor based on the Persian dependencies.