Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of role of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension

Introduction Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has significant morbidity and mortality. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans are increasingly used in the evaluation of patients with dyspnea, including those with suspected PH. Aim The aim was to study the signs of PH shown by CT scans, and to correlate the data obtained with echocardiography in suspected patients with PH in a trial to select patients who are eligible for right-heart catheterization and to confirm the diagnosis of PH in those patients who cannot tolerate right-heart catheterization. Patients and methods This study included 60 patients (50 patients with pulmonary hypertension and 10 patients with no PH) aged 32–70 years. They underwent high-resolution CT (23 cases) and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (37 cases) using 16 multidetector computed tomography scanner for the evaluation of their pulmonary parenchyma and mediastinal structures to detect different diagnostic criteria, causes, associations, and complications of PH. All the 60 patients underwent echocardiography. Results The main pulmonary artery (MPA) was larger than 29 mm in 94% of the echo-positive cases and in 30% of the echocardiography-negative cases. A more than 1 : 1 relationship between the segmental pulmonary artery and the bronchus in at least three pulmonary lobes was seen in 84% of positive cases and in none of the negative cases. A more than 1 : 1 relationship between the MPA and the aorta was seen in 80% of positive cases and in 20% of negative cases. Correlation between MPA diameter in CT and the pulmonary artery systolic pressure measured by echocardiography in all cases showed significant correlation, with a P value of up to 0.001. Conclusion Although right-heart catheterization is the gold standard for the measurement of pulmonary artery pressure, this procedure is not without risk and expense. Multidetector computed tomography (computed tomography pulmonary angiography or high resolution CT (HRCT) can reliably be used, in addition to echocardiography, for the routine evaluation of patients with PH.
Mocha: Automatically Applying Content Security Policy to HTML Hybrid Application on Android Device

An HTML hybrid application is a type of application running on mobile devices. It is popular but may have Cross Site Scripting(XSS) vulnablitiy risks. Content Security Policy(CSP) is a security mechanism that can prevent XSS attacks. Developers can only apply CSP to applications, therefore user's safety depends on them. In this paper, we propose Mocha, automatically applying CSP to applications on the Android device. Mocha uses static analysis to automatically infer CSP policies, and modifies HTML and JavaScript source code for applying CSP. Mocha can protect users and their HTML hybrid applications from XSS. We confirmed that Mocha is effective with real applications.
Mechanism of proton-coupled quinone reduction in Photosystem II

Photosystem II uses light to drive water oxidation and plastoquinone (PQ) reduction. PQ reduction involves two PQ cofactors, QA and QB, working in series. QA is a one-electron carrier, whereas QB undergoes sequential reduction and protonation to form QBH2. QBH2 exchanges with PQ from the pool in the membrane. Based on the atomic coordinates of the Photosystem II crystal structure, we analyzed the proton transfer (PT) energetics adopting a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical approach. The potential-energy profile suggests that the initial PT to QB•– occurs from the protonated, D1-His252 to QB•– via D1-Ser264. The second PT is likely to occur from D1-His215 to QBH− via an H-bond with an energy profile with a single well, resulting in the formation of QBH2 and the D1-His215 anion. The pathway for reprotonation of D1-His215– may involve bicarbonate, D1-Tyr246 and water in the QB site. Formate ligation to Fe2+ did not significantly affect the protonation of reduced QB, suggesting that formate inhibits QBH2 release rather than its formation. The presence of carbonate rather than bicarbonate seems unlikely because the calculations showed that this greatly perturbed the potential of the nonheme iron, stabilizing the Fe3+ state in the presence of QB•–, a situation not encountered experimentally. H-bonding from D1-Tyr246 and D2-Tyr244 to the bicarbonate ligand of the nonheme iron contributes to the stability of the semiquinones. A detailed mechanistic model for QB reduction is presented.
Efficient fiber clustering using parameterized polynomials

In the past few years, fiber clustering algorithms have shown to be a very powerful tool for grouping white matter connections tracked in DTI images into anatomically meaningful bundles. They improve the visualization and perception, and could enable robust quantification and comparison between individuals. However, most existing techniques perform a coarse approximation of the fibers due to the high complexity of the underlying clustering problem or do not allow for an efficient clustering in real time. In this paper, we introduce new algorithms and data structures which overcome both problems. The fibers are represented very precisely and efficiently by parameterized polynomials defining the x-, y-, and z-component individually. A two-step clustering method determines possible clusters having a Gaussian distributed structure within one component and, afterwards, verifies their existences by principal component analysis (PCA) with respect to the other two components. As the PCA has to be performed only n times for a constant number of points, the clustering can be done in linear time O(n), where n denotes the number of fibers. This drastically improves on existing techniques, which have a high, quadratic running time, and it allows for an efficient whole brain fiber clustering. Furthermore, our new algorithms can easily be used for detecting corresponding clusters in different brains without time-consuming registration methods. We show a high reliability, robustness and efficiency of our new algorithms based on several artificial and real fiber sets that include different elements of fiber architecture such as fiber kissing, crossing and nested fiber bundles.
Crellvm : Verified Credible Compilation for LLVM Jeehoon Kang

Production compilers such as GCC and LLVM are large complex software systems, for which achieving a high level of reliability is hard. Although testing is an effective method for finding bugs, it alone cannot guarantee a high level of reliability. To provide a higher level of reliability, many approaches that examine compilers’ internal logics have been proposed. However, none of them have been successfully applied to major optimizations of production compilers. This paper presents Crellvm: a verified credible compilation framework for LLVM, which can be used as a systematic way of providing a high level of reliability for major optimizations in LLVM. Specifically, we augment an LLVM optimizer to generate translation results together with their correctness proofs, which can then be checked by a proof checker formally verified in Coq. As case studies, we applied our approach to two major optimizations of LLVM: register promotion (mem2reg) and global value numbering (gvn), having found four new miscompilation bugs (two in each). CCSConcepts •Theory of computation→Hoare logic; • Software and its engineering → Compilers; Formal software verification;
Impact analysis for event-based systems using change patterns

Being composed of highly decoupled components, event-driven architectures are promising solutions for facilitating high flexibility, scalability, and concurrency of distributed systems. However, analyzing, maintaining, and evolving an event-based system are challenging tasks due to the intrinsic loose coupling of its components. One of the major obstacles for analyzing an event-based system is the absence of explicit information on the dependencies of its components. Furthermore, assisting techniques for analyzing the impacts of certain changes are missing, hindering the implementation the changes in event-based architectures. We presented in this paper a novel approach to supporting impact analysis based on the notion of change patterns formalized using trace semantics. A change pattern is an abstraction of the modification actions performed when evolving an event-based system. Based on this formal foundation, we introduce supporting techniques for estimating the impact and detecting undesired effects of a particular system evolution, such as dead paths, deadlocks, and livelocks. Quantitative evaluations for event-based systems with large numbers of components show that our approach is feasible and scalable for realistic application scenarios.
A note on Integer Programming Models for Cutting Stock Problems with Setup Costs

The 1-dimensional Cutting Stock Problem (1-CSP) seeks to fulfill with a minimum trim loss the demand of parts of various lengths by cutting them out from a given stock size. In the Pattern Minimization Problem (1-PMP) one wants an optimal 1-CSP solution that uses a minimum number of distinct cutting patterns. We discuss two formulations of 1-PMP: (1) introduced by Vanderbeck, and (2) obtained by introducing setup variables to the classical Gilmore-Gomory formulation for the 1-CSP. Let z i (u) be the bound given by the linear relaxation of (i) under a given vector u = (uk) of parameters. We show that z 2 (u) ≥ z 1 (u), and provide a case where the inequality holds strict.
A Novel Two-step Feature Selection based Cost Sensitive Myocardial Infarction Prediction Model

Considering the rapid growth, complications and treatment side-effects of MI, so using data mining techniques seems necessary. On the other hand, in real-world MI cases are much less compared to healthy cases. The traditional algorithms for imbalanced problems lead to very low Sensitivity, thus, we propose a cost sensitive SMO model that utilizes a Two-Step Feature Selection, which aims to propose a model for prediction MI with regard to its imbalanced dataset to achieve a proper performance. In the dataset the MI cases in training set reduced to 9 against 410 healthy cases. After selecting 62 features, by feature selection, the Cost sensitive SMO which is allocated different misclassification cost as penalties is applied on the dataset. The results have shown positive impacts on performance.
Health marketing and behavioral change: a review of the literature

Health marketing as a part of social marketing, must influence individuals, voluntarily, through various social programmes, in order to accept, reject, modify or abandon a behavior in favour of a healthier lifestyle. Acting on individual behavior change, social marketing can influence the behaviour of those who decide public policies, with positive effects in social change. In time, in order to understand and predict a behavior, a number of theories, models and tactics were developed with the aim to identify factors and mechanisms with the greatest impact in the changing process. Cognitive- social theories proved to be more effective, because they offer guidelines for conducting research in behavioral change.
Modular HPSG [Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar]

We present a detailed description of the modular Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). Although the notion of modularity is known in the area of programming languages, and it is described for context-free grammars (CFG), this is the first attempt at defining modularity for HPSGs. We describe and formally define modularity for an HPSG-type grammar, and we illustrate its application on an example.
Probabilistic pairwise Markov models: application to prostate cancer detection

Markov Random Fields (MRFs) provide a tractable means for incorporating contextual information into a Bayesian framework. This contextual information is modeled using multiple local conditional probability density functions (LCPDFs) which the MRF framework implicitly combines into a single joint probability density function (JPDF) that describes the entire system. However, only LCPDFs of certain functional forms are consistent, meaning they reconstitute a valid JPDF. These forms are specified by the Gibbs-Markov equivalence theorem which indicates that the JPDF, and hence the LCPDFs, should be representable as a product of potential functions (i.e. Gibbs distributions). Unfortunately, potential functions are mathematical abstractions that lack intuition; and consequently, constructing LCPDFs through their selection becomes an ad hoc procedure, usually resulting in generic and/or heuristic models. In this paper we demonstrate that under certain conditions the LCDPFs can be formulated in terms of quantities that are both meaningful and descriptive: probability distributions. Using probability distributions instead of potential functions enables us to construct consistent LCPDFs whose modeling capabilities are both more intuitive and expansive than typical MRF models. As an example, we compare the efficacy of our so-called probabilistic pairwise Markov models (PPMMs) to the prevalent Potts model by incorporating both into a novel computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system for detecting prostate cancer in whole-mount histological sections. Using the Potts model the CAD system is able to detection cancerous glands with a specificity of 0.82 and sensitivity of 0.71; its area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUC) curve is 0.83. If instead the PPMM model is employed the sensitivity (specificity is held fixed) and AUC increase to 0.77 and 0.87.
First order deconfinement transition in large N Yang-Mills theory on a small S 3

We give an analytic demonstration that the $3+1$-dimensional large $N$ $SU(N)$ pure Yang-Mills theory, compactified on a small ${S}^{3}$ so that the coupling constant at the compactification scale is very small, has a first order deconfinement transition as a function of temperature. We do this by explicitly computing the relevant terms in the canonical partition function up to three-loop order; this is necessary because the leading (one-loop) result for the phase transition is precisely on the border line between a first order and a second order transition. Since numerical work strongly suggests that the infinite-volume large $N$ theory also has a first order deconfinement transition, we conjecture that the phase structure is independent of the size of the ${S}^{3}$. To deal with divergences in our calculations, we are led to introduce a novel method of regularization useful for non-Abelian gauge theory on ${S}^{3}$.
Formation and growth of ultrafine particles from secondary sources in Bakersfield, California

carbon (EC) and the AMS tracer C4H9 for hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) peaked in the early morning during rush hour, indicative of primary emissions. The fact that the particle number concentration peaked in the afternoon, when EC was at minimum, indicates that the midday increase in number concentration was likely due to new particle formation. The potential importance of solar radiation, the condensation sink of vapor on existing particles, concentrations of OH, O3 ,S O2 ,N H3, and VOCs for both condensational growth and new particle formation is evaluated based on the covariation of these parameters with ultrafine mass. The results suggest that the ultrafine particles are from secondary sources that are co-emitted or co-produced with glyoxal and formaldehyde.
A Novel mcr-1 Variant Carried by an IncI2-Type Plasmid Identified From a Multidrug Resistant Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

In this study, we discovered a novel mobilized colistin resistance (mcr-1) gene variant, named mcr-1.9, which was identified in a colistin-resistant enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain from a clinical diarrhea case. The mcr-1.9 gene differs from mcr-1 at position 1036 due to a single nucleotide polymorphism (G→A), which results in an aspartic acid residue being replaced by an asparagine residue (Asp346→Asn) in the MCR-1 protein sequence. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the mcr-1.9-harboring ETEC strain is resistant to colistin at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 μg/ml. Plasmid profiling and conjugation experiments also suggest that the mcr-1.9 variant can be successfully transferred into the E. coli strain J53, indicating that the gene is located on a transferable plasmid. Bioinformatics analysis of data obtained from genome sequencing indicates that the mcr-1.9 gene is located on a 64,005 bp plasmid which has been named pEC26. This plasmid was found to have high similarity to the mcr-1-bearing IncI2-type plasmids pWF-5-19C (99% identity and 99% coverage) and pmcr1-IncI2 (99% identity and 98% coverage). The mcr-1.9-harboring ETEC also shows multidrug resistance to nine classes of antibiotics, and contains several virulence and antimicrobial-resistance genes suggested by the genome sequence analysis. Our report is the first to identify a new mcr-1 variant in an ETEC isolated from a human fecal sample, raising concerns about the existence of more such variants in human intestinal flora. Therefore, we believe that an undertaking to identify new mcr-1 variants in the bacterial communities of human intestines is of utmost importance, and that measures need to be taken to control the spread of mcr-1 and its variants in human intestinal microflora.
Model-based analysis of the impact of di ff use radiation on CO 2 exchange in a temperate deciduous forest

Clouds and aerosols increase the fraction of global solar irradiance that is diffuse light. This phenomenon is known to increase the photosynthetic light use efficiency (LUE) of closed-canopy vegetation by redistributing photosynthetic photon flux density (400–700 nm) from saturated, sunlit leaves at the top of the canopy, to shaded leaves deeper in the canopy. We combined a process-based carbon cycle model with 10 years of eddy covariance carbon flux measurements and other ancillary data sets to assess 1) how this LUE enhancement influences interannual variation in carbon uptake, and 2) how errors in modeling diffuse fraction affect predictions of carbon uptake. Modeled annual gross primary productivity (GPP) increased by ≈0.94% when observed levels of diffuse fraction were increased by 0.01 (holding total irradiance constant). The sensitivity of GPP to increases in diffuse fraction was highest when the diffuse fraction was low to begin with, and lowest when the diffuse fraction was already high. Diffuse fraction also explained significantly more of the interannual variability of modeled net ecosystem exchange (NEE), than did total irradiance. Two tested radiation partitioning models yielded overand underestimates of diffuse fraction at our site, which propagated to overand underestimates of annual NEE, respectively. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating LUE enhancement under diffuse light into models of global primary production, and improving models of diffuse fraction.
Art and Environmental Sponsoring as Corporate Image Tools: Chances, Limits, and the Role of Thematic Fit

Participants ( N = 140) saw a print advertisement of a private bank vs. a detergent producer that referred to the sponsoring activities either in the art vs. in the environmental sector. Afterwards, they were asked to provide image profiles, overall likeability, and uniqueness ratings. Environmental sponsoring led to higher ratings in social and ecological responsibility, solidness, and attractiveness. Art sponsoring, in case of the detergent company, yielded higher ratings in originality and innovation, as well as in dynamics and generosity. Perceived competence and status were not affected by sponsoring domain. The environmental sponsor elicited a more positive overall attitude, but art sponsoring created an image of the extraordinary. Taken together, the results suggest that thematic fit between company and sponsoring domain is not a prerequisite for positive image effects. In contrast, unusual sponsoring activities may contribute to a corporate image of dynamics and innovation, uniqueness, and generosity.
Visual recognition of a door and its knob for a humanoid robot

This paper deals with the practical problem of how a humanoid robot recognizes a door and its knob in an office environment. This is the initial work where a humanoid robot recognizes, approaches, and opens a door. We propose an integrated solution for visual recognition of a door and its knob with minor constraints. In our approach, the door recognition is transformed into the classification problem of feature points, which can be done quickly enough to conduct it on-line. The knob is extracted by a segmentation method and a few thresholds: blob size, blob ratio, and the distance from the floor. We show in the experiment that our humanoid robot can recognize a door and its knob reliably and quickly.
Growing up in a Mainstream World: A Retrospective Enquiry into the Childhood Experiences of Young Adults with a Physical Disability

Abstract Children with disabilities are at greater risk of developing mental health problems than their peers, yet the emotional well-being of this group is largely overlooked and there is scant literature about children with a mobility disability. This study examined the retrospective experiences of growing up with mobility disability. The sample comprised 16–25 year olds with mobility disability. A thematic analysis, informed by grounded theory was used. Themes identified included a common socio-educational journey, conflict between care and independence in school and the impact of being singled out because of disability outside school. The result was a range of psychosocial issues that affected participants’ view of themselves and the world around them. The study also looked at what the participants found helpful in dealing with the emotional impact of their disability. Whilst some sought help through talking therapies, others found involvement in disability sport was helpful.
A qualitative study examining the integration of short-term dynamic therapy and the aversion/attachment model of client

While there are a number of cognitive-behavioral treatments that incorporate Buddhist concepts such as mindfulness and acceptance, little research has been done examining the integration of Buddhist psychology and short-term dynamic psychotherapy. In order to attempt to fill this gap in research, the purpose of this study is to determine how concepts of Buddhist psychology and philosophy, adapted through the Aversion/Attachment Model of Client Suffering (A/AMCS), could be integrated into an existing form of modern relational short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy (TLDP). Through the applied integration of these two treatment models in two cases, “Beth” and “Amy,” this study explores the theoretical and technical integration of TLDP and the A/AMCS. It is hypothesized that the type of integration that takes place between the A/AMCS and TLDP will be assimilative in nature, with TLDP acting as the “home theory” into which the A/AMCS is integrated. The A/AMCS was incorporated into case formulation through the expansion of TLDP’s case formulation method, and was integrated into treatment through the utilization of formal mindfulness meditation practices, implemented by conducting eight half-hour pre-session practices with each client during the course of treatment, as well as the incorporation of acceptance practices and skillful means into therapy sessions. Following the Pragmatic Case Study Method (Fishman, 1999), Beth and Amy’s cases are examined both quantitatively and qualitatively. This study concludes with a discussion of how future research could examine the integration of Buddhist psychology and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy.