Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of The Quality of Hexahedral Meshes Via Modal Analysis

Hex-meshes have wide and important applications in scientific computing. Various methods have been proposed to tessellate a shape into a hex-mesh according to certain geometrical quality criteria (e.g. scaled Jacobian), which is usually not directly related to the downstream computing problem. This paper discusses such criteria on the elastic finite element analysis problem via analyzing the result of Modal Analysis performed on different hex-meshes. With the isometric uniform material configuration, the larger the scaled Jacobian (minimal/average) and the number of elements, the smaller are the eigenvalues, which usually indicates better accuracy and stability (condition number). Besides the element quality, singularity placement also affects the accuracy of the solution and is difficult to alter by simple subdivision. Results of this work may serve as a guide in evaluating hexremeshing approaches and choosing appropriate hex-meshes for finite element analysis.
A Space Target Recognition Method Based on Compressive Sensing

Small sample space target recognition is a difficult problem in applications because the limited training samples cannot lead to satisfactory recognition accuracy. Combined with novel compression perception theory, we propose a new space target recognition method based on compressive sensing. This method avoids the sophisticated image preprocessing and feature extraction process. Firstly, a sparse representation dictionary is constructed according to the training samples. Secondly, the linear measurements of test samples are obtained by measurement matrix. Finally, the classification and recognition are done through solving an optimization problem. Simulation experiment results show that the proposed method has good recognition performance and stability.
Recent trends of pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus infection in Guwahati, Assam: A prospective study

The virus that has posed a serious public health challenge world-wide was pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A. This prospective study was undertaken to analyze the clinical profile of 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus A (H1N1) pdm 09 infection in patients presenting with influenza like illness from January 2015 to December 2015. A total of 116 respiratory samples were collected from the patients attending the hospitals, which included 71 males and 45 females, ranging in age from one to 79 years. Respiratory specimens were tested for A (H1N1) pdm 09 virus by one step real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In real-time PCR, the A (H1N1) pdm 09 virus was detected in 14 patients (12.07%) and highest percent of positivity (50.0%) was detected in the age group 25-40 years with the mean age being 40.07 4.43 years (SD). Most common presenting symptoms were fever (92.86%) and cough (92.86%) followed by shortness of breath (57.14%), nasal catarrh (50.00%) and sore throat (35.71%). From the study it has been seen that there is prevalence of A (H1N1) pdm 09 virus infection in Assam and thus it needs urgent attention to prevent further spread of the virus in the community.
Expression of the c-myc Proto-oncogene Is Essential for HIV-1 Infection in Activated T Cells

We previously found that activation of primary CD4+ T cells via both the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and CD28 is required for HIV-1 DNA to be translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Here we report that expression of c-Myc protein in CD4+ T cells is induced only after such costimulation. In addition, cyclosporin A not only inhibits nuclear import of HIV-1 DNA but also inhibits expression of c-Myc protein. Because of these correlations, we tested whether c-Myc is necessary for nuclear import of HIV-1 DNA. Specific c-myc antisense, but not sense or non-sense, phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides selectively induced the accumulation of two NH2-terminally truncated c-Myc proteins and abolished HIV-1 genome entry into host nuclei. Consequently, both virus replication and HIV-1–induced apoptotic cell death were inhibited. Synthesis of viral full-length DNA was not affected. Specific c-myc antisense oligonucleotide inhibited HIV-1 infection under conditions that did not affect cell cycle entry or proliferation. Thus, c-Myc appears to regulate HIV-1 DNA nuclear import via a mechanism distinct from those controlling entry into the cell cycle.
Quadruplet-Wise Image Similarity Learning

This paper introduces a novel similarity learning framework. Working with inequality constraints involving quadruplets of images, our approach aims at efficiently modeling similarity from rich or complex semantic label relationships. From these quadruplet-wise constraints, we propose a similarity learning framework relying on a convex optimization scheme. We then study how our metric learning scheme can exploit specific class relationships, such as class ranking (relative attributes), and class taxonomy. We show that classification using the learned metrics gets improved performance over state-of-the-art methods on several datasets. We also evaluate our approach in a new application to learn similarities between web page screenshots in a fully unsupervised way.
A Diversity of Synaptic Filters Are Created by Temporal Summation of Excitation and Inhibition

Temporal filtering is a fundamental operation of nervous systems. In peripheral sensory systems, the temporal pattern of spiking activity can encode various stimulus qualities, and temporal filtering allows postsynaptic neurons to detect behaviorally relevant stimulus features from these spike trains. Intrinsic excitability, short-term synaptic plasticity, and voltage-dependent dendritic conductances have all been identified as mechanisms that can establish temporal filtering behavior in single neurons. Here we show that synaptic integration of temporally summating excitation and inhibition can establish diverse temporal filters of presynaptic input. Mormyrid electric fish communicate by varying the intervals between electric organ discharges. The timing of each discharge is coded by peripheral receptors into precisely timed spikes. Within the midbrain posterior exterolateral nucleus, temporal filtering by individual neurons results in selective responses to a particular range of presynaptic interspike intervals. These neurons are diverse in their temporal filtering properties, reflecting the wide range of intervals that must be detected during natural communication behavior. By manipulating presynaptic spike timing with high temporal resolution, we demonstrate that tuning to behaviorally relevant patterns of presynaptic input is similar in vivo and in vitro. We reveal that GABAergic inhibition plays a critical role in establishing different temporal filtering properties. Further, our results demonstrate that temporal summation of excitation and inhibition establishes selective responses to high and low rates of synaptic input, respectively. Simple models of synaptic integration reveal that variation in these two competing influences provides a basic mechanism for generating diverse temporal filters of synaptic input.
Lambda terms for natural deduction, sequent calculus and cut elimination

It is well known that there is an isomorphism between natural deduction derivations and typed lambda terms. Moreover, normalising these terms corresponds to eliminating cuts in the equivalent sequent calculus derivations. Several papers have been written on this topic. The correspondence between sequent calculus derivations and natural deduction derivations is, however, not a one-one map, which causes some syntactic technicalities. The correspondence is best explained by two extensionally equivalent type assignment systems for untyped lambda terms, one corresponding to natural deduction (λN) and the other to sequent calculus (λL). These two systems constitute different grammars for generating the same (type assignment relation for untyped) lambda terms. The second grammar is ambiguous, but the first one is not. This fact explains the many-one correspondence mentioned above. Moreover, the second type assignment system has a ‘cut-free’ fragment (λLcf). This fragment generates exactly the typeable lambda terms in normal form. The cut elimination theorem becomes a simple consequence of the fact that typed lambda terms possess a normal form.
Enabling the visualization for reasoning about temporal data

Complexity and scale of modern data is at its highest level but its temporal properties are often neglected. As a result, it is often hard for a user to make an informed decision about its time related characteristics. However, an aesthetic and efficient visualization can mitigate this drawback of data representation. For example, an informative graphical visualization based on user's interaction with a computer interface can dramatically improve user experience with temporal data. In this paper, I propose such visualization of temporal data for reasoning. I developed a temporal model supporting different temporal entities for this data. These include timestamps, intervals, different time granularity and uncertainty of time. I proposed a multimodal visualization based on this abstract time model so a user will have the functionality to reason on temporal properties of visualized data from different points of view.
A holographic view on matrix model of black hole

We investigate a deformed matrix model proposed by Kazakov et.al. in relation to Witten's two-dimensional black hole. The existing conjectures assert the equivalence of the two by mapping each to a deformed c = 1 theory called the sine-Liouville theory. We point out that the matrix theory in question may be naturally interpreted as a gauged quantum mechanics deformed by insertion of an exponentiated Wilson loop operator, which gives us more direct and holographic map between the two sides. The matrix model in the usual scaling limit must correspond to the bosonic SL(2,)/U(1) theory in genus expansion but exact in α'. We successfully test this by computing the Wilson loop expectation value and comparing it against the bulk computation. For the latter, we employ the α'-exact geometry proposed by Dijkgraaf, Verlinde, and Verlinde, which was further advocated by Tseytlin. We close with comments on open problems.
CD4-CD8-αβ and γδ T Cells Display Inflammatory and Regulatory Potentials during Human Tuberculosis

T-cells play an important role controlling immunity against pathogens and therefore influence the outcome of human diseases. Although most T-lymphocytes co-express either CD4 or CD8, a smaller T-cell subset found the in the human peripheral blood that expresses the αβ or γδ T-cell-receptor (TCR) lacks the CD4 and CD8 co-receptors. These double negative (DN) T-cells have been shown to display important immunological functions in human diseases. To better understand the role of DN T-cells in human Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we have characterized their frequency, activation and cytokine profile in a well-defined group of tuberculosis patients, categorized as severe and non-severe based on their clinical status. Our data showed that whereas high frequency of αβ DN T-cells observed in M. tuberculosis-infected patients are associated with disease severity, decreased proportion of γδ DN T-cells are found in patients with severe tuberculosis. Together with activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, higher frequencies of both αβ and γδ DN T-cells from tuberculosis patients also express the chronic activation marker HLA-DR. However, the expression of CD69, an early activation marker, is selectively observed in DN T-cells. Interestingly, while αβ and γδ DN T-cells from patients with non-severe tuberculosis display a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, characterized by enhanced IFN-γ, the γδ DN T-cells from patients with severe disease express a modulatory profile exemplified by enhanced interleukin-10 production. Overall, our findings suggest that αβ and γδ DN T-cell present disparate immunoregulatory potentials and seems to contribute to the development/maintenance of distinct clinical aspects of TB, as part of the complex immunological network triggered by the TB infection.
Ultrastructural analysis of the distribution of synaptic boutons from labeled preganglionic axons on rabbit ciliary neurons

The number of preganglionic inputs that innervate rabbit ciliary ganglion cells is directly correlated with the number of dendrites arising from each ganglion cell (Purves and Hume, 1981). In general, the innervation of multiply innervated ciliary neurons by individual preganglionic axons is regionally restricted to a portion of the postsynaptic surface that usually includes the cell body and some, but not all, of the dendrites (Forehand and Purves, 1984). These observations suggest that dendrites modulate convergence to each cell by providing relatively separate postsynaptic domains for individual inputs. To examine this possibility further, I have assessed the distribution of synaptic boutons from individually labeled preganglionic axons on ciliary ganglion cells at the ultrastructural level. The results show that at least a third of the dendrites of these neurons are contacted exclusively by synaptic boutons from a single preganglionic axon. However, at least half of the dendrites (and nearly all of the cell bodies) of multiply innervated ganglion cells are innervated by at least 2 different preganglionic axons. Moreover, synapses from 2 different inputs often coexist in close proximity on the postsynaptic surface. Thus, individual preganglionic axons do not require exclusive dominion over a particular part of a postsynaptic cell in order to maintain their connection with the cell. These results suggest that competitive interactions between the inputs to these cells occur between the sets of boutons arising from different inputs, rather than at the level of individual boutons. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Validation of the detergent micelle classification for membrane protein crystals and explanation of the Matthews Graph for soluble proteins

Protein crystals are of wide‐spread interest because many of them allow structure analyses at atomic resolution. For soluble proteins, the packing density of such crystals is distributed according to the Matthews Graph. For integral membrane proteins, the respective graph is similar but at lower density and much broader. By visualizing the relative positions and orientations of membrane proteins in crystals, it has been suggested that the detergent micelles surrounding these proteins form sheets, filaments, or remain isolated in the crystal giving rise to three distinct packing density distributions that superimpose to form the observed broad distribution. This classification was indirect because detergent is not visible in X‐ray crystallography. Given the extensive work involved in analyzing detergent structure directly by neutron diffraction, it seems unlikely that a statistically relevant number of them will be established in the near future. Therefore, the proposed classification is here scrutinized by a simulation in which an average detergent‐carrying membrane protein was randomly packed to form crystals. The analysis reproduced the three types of detergent structures together with their packing density distributions and relative frequencies, which validates the previous classification. The simulation program was also run for crystals from soluble proteins using ellipsoids as reference shapes and defining a shape factor that quantifies the deviation from the nearest ellipsoid. This series reproduced and thus explained the Matthews Graph.
Advances in Brief Carbonyl Reductase : A Novel Metastasis-modulating Function 1

To explore reasons for differences in the malignancy of tumors, we have compared two cell lines derived from a mouse lung adenocarcinoma cell line that differ 10-fold in their capacity to form lung metastases from s.c. primary tumors or after i.v. injection. One mRNA encoding carbonyl reductase was identified at a relatively high abundance in the subline with low metastatic capacity but was not detectable in the highly metastatic subline. Transfection of the former subline with a plasmid construct expressing antisense carbonyl reductase rendered the cells highly metastatic. Conversely, the capacity of the highly metastatic cells to metastasize was markedly reduced after transfection with a construct expressing carbonyl reductase. We also found that human prostate cancers show loss of carbonyl reductase expression compared with normal prostate epithelia. These data suggest that carbonyl reductase has an important function in modifying the metastatic behavior of malignant tumors.
SIMPLE METHOD FOR OPTIMIZATION OF HEPARIN AND ENOXAPARIN DETECTION USING AGAROSE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

Objective: A simple gel electrophoresis method for low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) is required for use in a variety of laboratories to allow further identification and purification. This study aimed to optimize the detection of heparin and enoxaparin (low-molecular-weight heparin by gel electrophoresis. Methods: Several gel electrophoresis conditions were tested to optimize the detection of enoxaparin by using a simple method with a modified Volpi’s approach. Multiple gel thicknesses, voltage settings, and enoxaparin concentrations were tested in the optimization procedure. Enoxaparin was purchased from a local supplier as pre-filled pharmaceutical injections. Highly purified 0.5% and 1.0% agarose gels were prepared and a series of enoxaparin concentrations was added to both gels for comparison and optimization. The 0.2% toluidine blue stain was prepared by the addition of 1 ml in an ethanol-water-acetic acid mixture (50:49:1; v/v/w). The staining process comprised two steps: first, toluidine blue was added for 30 min and destained overnight in the solvent mixture. Subsequently, the following morning, the second step was conducted, in which the gel was restained for 30 min with the same concentration of toluidine blue. We continued to stain the gel until the bands were visible. Results: The gel electrophoresis results showed that clearest and sharpest bands were obtained using 65–75 mAh and 85 V settings. At 95 mAh, the bands were slightly washed out. Conclusion: This study successfully facilitated the detection of enoxaparin, a LMWH, and heparin in the laboratory by using simple tools and techniques available in most laboratories.
A new design of photonic transmitter for terahertz spectroscopy and imaging applications

In this paper we present the Design of Continuous Wave Terahertz photonic transmitter based on photodetector, THz antenna, and low-pass filter (LPF) and Direct Current “DC” Probe Bias. Before validating the whole system, we processed firstly with the optimization of the antenna which is responsible of the transmitting the RF signal providing from the photodetector then we have conducted a study on the design of a low pass filter “LPF” whose role is to block the received RF signal to reach the DC probe. After the optimisation of the proposed LPF, we have integrated the different components mounted on multi-layers GaAs substrate and simulated the final photonic transmitter by using an EM solver “Momentum” integrated in ADS “Advanced Design System”. The dimensions of the whole circuit are . The simulation results permit to validate the final circuit at 1.6 THz, the proposed photonic transmitter is suitable for terahertz spectroscopy and imaging applications.
Resistive switching in Sr1−0.05La0.05TiO3

The analysis of the electronic structure of La doped SrTiO3 single crystals, Sr1-xLaxTiO3 with x=5 at % (SLTO), shows that additional electrons in the host matrix are accommodated by a change of the valence of Ti ions from Ti+4 to Ti+3. We found, however, no evidence of a metallic peak near the Fermi level by electron spectroscopy. Similarly, electrical characterisation of the material revealed only semiconducting behaviour. This stands in contrast to the general idea of a macroscopic insulator-to-metal transition in SLTO at a doping level of a few percent of La. By means of conducting AFM we found evidence of an inhomogeneity of the in plane conductivity at the nano-scale and the possibility of locally manipulating the electric resistivity by means of an electrical stimuli, i.e. resistive switching. The observed inhomogeneity is attributed to a non-uniform distribution of La doping and a high density of extended defects in SLTO crystal.
Tempo Rubato : Animacy Speeds Up Time in the Brain

Background How do we estimate time when watching an action? The idea that events are timed by a centralized clock has recently been called into question in favour of distributed, specialized mechanisms. Here we provide evidence for a critical specialization: animate and inanimate events are separately timed by humans. Methodology/Principal Findings In different experiments, observers were asked to intercept a moving target or to discriminate the duration of a stationary flash while viewing different scenes. Time estimates were systematically shorter in the sessions involving human characters moving in the scene than in those involving inanimate moving characters. Remarkably, the animate/inanimate context also affected randomly intermingled trials which always depicted the same still character. Conclusions/Significance The existence of distinct time bases for animate and inanimate events might be related to the partial segregation of the neural networks processing these two categories of objects, and could enhance our ability to predict critically timed actions.
Buffered FUSE: optimising the Android IO stack for user-level filesystem

In this work, we optimise the Android IO stack for user-level filesystem. Android imposes user-level filesystem over native filesystem partition to provide flexibility in managing the internal storage space and to maintain host compatibility. The overhead of user-level filesystem is prohibitively large and the native storage bandwidth is significantly under-utilised. We overhauled the FUSE layer in the Android platform and propose buffered FUSE (bFUSE) to address the overhead of user-level filesystem. The key technical ingredients of buffered FUSE are: 1) extended FUSE IO size; 2) internal user-level write buffer; 3) independent management thread which performs time-driven FUSE buffer synchronisation. With buffered FUSE, we examined the performances of five different filesystems and three disk scheduling algorithms in a combinatorial manner. With bFUSE on XFS filesystem using the deadline scheduling, we achieved the IO performance improvements of 470% and 419% in Android ICS and JB, respectively, over the existing smartphone device.