Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Features of Ischemic Damage in the Hippocampus

Cerebral ischemic injury resulting from either focal or global circulatory arrests in the brain is one of the major causes of death and disability in the adult population. The hippocampus, playing important roles in learning and memory, is selectively vulnerable to ischemic insults. Distinct populations of hippocampal neurons are targeted by ischemia and multiple factors, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, are responsible for their damage and death. Modifications of synapses occur very early after ischemia, reflecting related changes in synaptic transmission. These modifications structurally relate to spatial patterns formed by synaptic vesicles, geometry of postsynaptic density, and so forth. Ischemia‐induced changes of synaptic contacts can be implicated in the mechanisms leading to delayed neuronal death. In this review, we summarize the available data on the structural aspects of ischemic injury of the hippocampus obtained in tissue culture and animal models and discuss pathways of neurodegeneration common for cerebral ischemia and various neurodegenerative disorders. Anat Rec, 292:1914–1921, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interactive graph cut method based on improved Gabor features for image segmentation

In this paper, an interactive color image segmentation approach is proposed. The method integrates color features with reduced Gabor features and then employs graph cuts method to obtain the segmentations. The reduced Gabor features are extracted by principal component analysis (PCA) from Gabor features. This way can overcome the problem that high-dimension Gabor feature vectors may contain some features irrelevant to the discrimination of texture. Besides, in order to fuse the color and texture features effectively, a new method is proposed to adjust the relative weight of these features. The experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method.
Minimum-Risk Structured Learning of Video Summarization

Video summarization is an important multimedia task for applications such as video indexing and retrieval, video surveillance, human-computer interaction and video "storyboarding". In this paper, we present a new approach for automatic summarization of video collections that leverages a structured minimum-risk classifier and efficient submodular inference. To test the accuracy of the predicted summaries we utilize a recently-proposed measure (V-JAUNE) that considers both the content and frame order of the original video. Qualitative and quantitative tests over two action video datasets - the ACE and the MSR DailyActivity3D datasets - show that the proposed approach delivers more accurate summaries than the compared minimum-risk and syntactic approaches.
Surface Reconstruction: An Improved Marching Triangle Algorithm for Scalar and Vector Implicit Field Representations

In this paper we propose a new polygonization method based on the classic Marching Triangle algorithm. It is an improved and efficient version of the basic algorithm which produces a complete mesh without any cracks. Our method is useful in the surface reconstruction process of digitized objects. It works over the discrete distance transform of the object to produce the resulting triangle mesh. The new algorithm is also adapted to a recently introduced vector field distance transform model which is more accurate than the classic scalar field discrete distance transform of meshes. Our polygonization method is simplified and it produces better results compared to Marching Triangle basic algorithm while working on the vector field distance transform model. We use relevant error metric tools to compare results and show our new method is more accurate than Marching Cube which is the most widely used triangulation algorithm in the surface reconstruction process of digitized objects.
Receptor Changes in the Neocortex of Post-Mortem Tissue in Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease

Benzodiazepine and muscarinic receptors in the neocortex were studied using homogenate binding techniques and in vitro autoradiography (ARG). Tritiated flunitrazepam was used to bind to the benzodiazepine portion of the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor. Tritiated quinuclidnyl benzilate was used to locate the muscarinic receptor. Tissue samples from four areas of neocortex from cases of Parkinson''s disease, Alzheimer''s disease and age-matched controls were used for homogenate binding experiments to estimate binding parameters. Tissue for ARG provided more detailed anatomical localization of the relevant receptors. Homogenate binding studies showed that the receptor density, as measured by maximum binding capacity for tritiated flunitrazepam, was significantly reduced in the frontal cortex in Parkinson''s disease. In Alzheimer''s disease there was reduced binding of flunitrazepam in all portions of the neocortex studied, reaching statistical significance in the frontal and temporal cortex. The dissociation constant, indicating receptor affinity for flunitrazepam, was unaltered in all areas studied. ARG demonstrated that the distribution of benzodiazepine receptor loss within different cortical layers was distinct in Parkinson''s and Alzheimer''s disease. In control brains, the greatest density of benzodiazepine receptors was seen in regions corresponding to layers II and III. This peak was greatly reduced in the frontal cortex of Parkinson''s disease, while in Alzheimer''s disease the loss was more uniform. There was no significant alteration in the binding parameters of the muscarinic cholinergic receptors in either of these disease states.
Peer Mentoring Contributes to Career Growth of Undergraduate Nutrition and Dietetics Students

Peer mentoring has been shown to improve social networks and reduce the rate of failure in college classes. However, it has not been studied extensively with nutrition and dietetics majors, who may benefit from peer mentoring as a way to cultivate learning and improve communication and leadership skills. The University of Delaware’s Dietetics Program recently implemented cross-year peer mentoring in the relatively large Introduction to Nutrition Professions class, a First Year Experience course. At the end of every class, the mentors, upperclassmen, met with small groups of students to answer questions, review assignments, and share their experiences. The ratio of mentor to student was 1:10. All mentors received training by the course instructor prior to the first mentoring sessions. The effectiveness of the mentoring experience was evaluated for both the mentees and the mentors of the 2012 and 2013 classes by a validated online survey. Of the 254 mentees, 176 (69%) completed the survey; of the 24 mentors, 21 responded. Approximately 75% of the mentees agreed or strongly agreed that mentoring provided them nutrition resources, and that they could ask the mentor questions about the field of nutrition. Mentees noted that they benefited from increased knowledge of university resources and nutrition careers and the valuable advice from mentors. Almost all mentors agreed that the program increased their leadership and communication skills, and that it was a positive experience. Mentor benefits included career development and favorable dietetic internship acceptance rate, higher than the national average. Roughly 35% of mentees and 8 of 21 mentors agreed or strongly agreed that the mentoring session expanded their friendship networks within the major. Based on these positive outcomes, peer mentoring is an effective method to enhance students’ learning and career growth.
Semantic Relations in Discourse: The Current State of ISO 24617-8

This paper describes some of the research conducted with the aim to develop a proposal for an ISO standard for the annotation of semantic relations in discourse. A range of theoretical approaches and annotation efforts were analysed for their commonalities and their differences, in order to deﬁne a clear delineation of the scope of the ISO effort and to give it a solid theoretical and empirical basis. A set of 20 core discourse relations was identiﬁed as indispensible for an annotation standard, and these relations were provided with clear deﬁnitions and illustrative examples from existing corpora. The ISO principles for linguistic annotation in general and semantic annotation in particular were applied to design a markup language (DRelML) for discourse relation annotation.
Coercion and type inference

A simple semantic model of automatic coercion is proposed. This model is used to explain four rules for inferring polymorphic types and providing automatic coercions between types. With the addition of a fifth rule, the rules become semantically complete but the set of types associated with an expression may be undecidable. An efficient type checking algorithm based on the first four rules is presented. The algorithm is guaranteed to find a type whenever a type can be deduced using the four inference rules. The type checking algorithm may be modified so that calls to type conversion functions are inserted at compile time.
Clinical Interventions in Aging Dovepress Resistance Exercise Performance Variability at Submaximal Intensities in Older and Younger Adults

We assessed the variability in the number of repetitions completed at submaximal loads in three resistance tasks in older (N=32, 16 female, 74.3±5.4 years) and younger (N=16, 8 female, 22.8±1.8 years) men and women. One repetition maximum (1RM) was determined on two separate visits on three tasks: leg press (LP), leg extension (LE), and bicep curl (BC). Subjects then completed repetitions to failure on each of the three tasks during two visits, a minimum of 48 hours apart, at either 60% 1RM or 80% 1RM. High reliability for all 1RM assessments was observed. Greater muscular strength was observed in younger compared to older men and women on all tasks (P,0.05). At both 60% and 80% 1RM, considerable interindividual variability was observed in the number of repetitions completed. However, the average number of repetitions completed by younger and older men and women at 60% and 80% 1RM in each of the three tasks was similar, with the only significant difference occurring between younger and older men at 80% 1RM on the leg press (P=0.0258). We did not observe any abnormal blood pressure responses to either the 1RM testing or maximal repetition testing sessions. Considerable interindividual variability was observed in the number of repetitions completed by younger and older men and women at relative intensities typical of resistance training programs. Practitioners should give consideration to individual variability when attempting to maximize the benefits of resistance training.
Mitochondrial Redox Metabolism in Trypanosomatids Is Independent of Tryparedoxin Activity

Tryparedoxins (TXNs) are oxidoreductases unique to trypanosomatids (including Leishmania and Trypanosoma parasites) that transfer reducing equivalents from trypanothione, the major thiol in these organisms, to sulfur-dependent peroxidases and other dithiol proteins. The existence of a TXN within the mitochondrion of trypanosomatids, capable of driving crucial redox pathways, is considered a requisite for normal parasite metabolism. Here this concept is shown not to apply to Leishmania. First, removal of the Leishmania infantum mitochondrial TXN (LiTXN2) by gene-targeting, had no significant effect on parasite survival, even in the context of an animal infection. Second, evidence is presented that no other TXN is capable of replacing LiTXN2. In fact, although a candidate substitute for LiTXN2 (LiTXN3) was found in the genome of L. infantum, this was shown in biochemical assays to be poorly reduced by trypanothione and to be unable to reduce sulfur-containing peroxidases. Definitive conclusion that LiTXN3 cannot directly reduce proteins located within inner mitochondrial compartments was provided by analysis of its subcellular localization and membrane topology, which revealed that LiTXN3 is a tail-anchored (TA) mitochondrial outer membrane protein presenting, as characteristic of TA proteins, its N-terminal end (containing the redox-active domain) exposed to the cytosol. This manuscript further proposes the separation of trypanosomatid TXN sequences into two classes and this is supported by phylogenetic analysis: i) class I, encoding active TXNs, and ii) class II, coding for TA proteins unlikely to function as TXNs. Trypanosoma possess only two TXNs, one belonging to class I (which is cytosolic) and the other to class II. Thus, as demonstrated for Leishmania, the mitochondrial redox metabolism in Trypanosoma may also be independent of TXN activity. The major implication of these findings is that mitochondrial functions previously thought to depend on the provision of electrons by a TXN enzyme must proceed differently.
Automated traffic classification and application identification using machine learning

The dynamic classification and identification of network applications responsible for network traffic flows offers substantial benefits to a number of key areas in IP network engineering, management and surveillance. Currently such classifications rely on selected packet header fields (e.g. port numbers) or application layer protocol decoding. These methods have a number of shortfalls e.g. many applications can use unpredictable port numbers and protocol decoding requires a high amount of computing resources or is simply infeasible in case protocols are unknown or encrypted. We propose a novel method for traffic classification and application identification using an unsupervised machine learning technique. Flows are automatically classified based on statistical flow characteristics. We evaluate the efficiency of our approach using data from several traffic traces collected at different locations of the Internet. We use feature selection to find an optimal feature set and determine the influence of different features
Strongly bound excitons in gapless two-dimensional structures

Common wisdom asserts that bound excitons cannot form in high-dimensional (d>1) metallic structures because of their overwhelming screening and unavoidable resonance with nearby continuous bands. Strikingly, here we illustrate that this prevalent assumption is not quite true. A key ingredient that has been overlooked is that of viable decoherence that thwarts the formation of resonances. As an example of this general mechanism, we focus on an experimentally relevant material and predict bound excitons in twisted bilayer graphene, which is a two-dimensional gapless structure exhibiting metallic screening. The binding energies calculated by first-principles simulations are surprisingly large. The low-energy effective model reveals that these bound states are produced by a unique destructive coherence between two alike subband resonant excitons. In particular, this destructive coherent effect is not sensitive to the screening and dimensionality, and hence may persist as a general mechanism for creating bound excitons in various metallic structures, opening the door for excitonic applications based on metallic structures.
Two Approaches to Commonsense Inferencing for Discourse Analysis

The dominant philosophy regarding the formalization of Commonsense Inferencing in the physical domain consists in the exploitation of the "tarskian" scheme axiomatization interpretation borrowed from mathematical logic. The commonsense postulates constitute the axiomatization, and the real world provides the "model" for this axiomatization.The observation of the effective activity of linguistic communication and of the commonsense inferencing processes which are involved in it show the unacceptability of this scheme.An alternative is proposed, where the notion of "conceptual category" plays a principal role, and where the principle of logical adequation of an axiomatization to a model is replaced by a notion of "projection" of a conceptual structure onto the observed reality.
Effects of Balance Control Training on Functional Outcomes in Subacute Hemiparetic Stroke Patients

Objective To investigate the efficacy of balance control training using a newly developed balance control trainer (BalPro) on the balance and gait of patients with subacute hemiparetic stroke. Methods Forty-three subacute stroke patients were assigned to either a balance control training (BCT) group or a control group. The BCT group (n=23) was trained with BalPro for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week for 2 weeks, and received one daily session of conventional physical therapy. The control group (n=20) received two sessions of conventional physical therapy every day for 2 weeks. The primary outcome was assessment with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Secondary outcomes were Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), the 6-minute walking test (6mWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), the Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), and the manual muscle test (MMT) of the knee extensor. All outcome measures were evaluated before and after 2 weeks of training in both groups. Results There were statistically significant improvements in all parameters except MMT and FAC after 2 weeks of treatment in both groups. After training, the BCT group showed greater improvements in the BBS and the 6mWT than did the control group. Conclusion Balance control training using BalPro could be a useful treatment for improving balance and gait in subacute hemiparetic stroke patients.
Large scale image search with geometric coding

Bag-of-Visual-Words model is popular in large-scale image search. However, traditional Bag-of-Visual-Words model does not capture the geometric context among local features in images. To fully explore geometric context of all visual words in images, efficient global geometric verification methods are demanded. In this paper, we propose a novel geometric coding algorithm to encode the spatial context among local features of an image for large scale partial duplicate image retrieval. Our approach is not only computationally efficient, but also can effectively detect duplicate images with rotation, scale changes, occlusion, and background clutter with low computational cost. Experiments show the promising results of our approach.
Conditional UAS-targeted repression in Drosophila

The Gal4–UAS enhancer trap system is useful for driving gene expression in various tissues. A new tool that extends Gal4 technology is described here. A fusion protein containing the Gal4 binding domain and the repression domain of the isolator suppressor of hairy wing was placed under the control of a heat shock-inducible promoter. The construct mediates the conditional repression of genes located downstream of a UAS sequence. The repressive effects of the chimeric protein on fasII gene expression were tested by western-blot analysis and in brain sections of adult Drosophila. Owing to the increasing number of Gal4 and UAS transgenic lines, this versatile system will facilitate the study of gene function.
The Influence of Stroke Unit Rehabilitation on Functional Recovery From Stroke

Background and Purpose Shorter lengths of hospital stay in stroke units could be due to quicker functional recovery or mechanisms of expediting hospital discharge. Methods Stroke survivors with an intermediate prognosis at 2 weeks after stroke (n=146) were randomized for management in a stroke rehabilitation unit or in general wards. Barthel scores were monitored at weekly intervals until hospital discharge. The duration and type of physiotherapy and occupational therapy received by patients in either setting were also recorded. The rate of change of Barthel scores, therapy input, and the duration of hospital stay were compared between the two settings. Results Neurological deficits and median initial Barthel scores were comparable between patients in the stroke unit (n=73) and general wards (n=68). Median discharge Barthel score of patients managed in the stroke unit was significantly higher than that of patients managed in general wards (15 versus 12). Median Barthel scores in the stroke unit group rose rapidly after 2 weeks, reaching a plateau at 6 weeks. The change in median Barthel score in patients in general wards was significantly slower, reaching a plateau at 12 weeks despite similar therapy input. There was a significant delay in discharging stroke patients in general wards (20 weeks) compared with those in the stroke unit (6 weeks). Conclusions Functional recovery is significantly greater and more rapid in a stroke rehabilitation unit compared with general wards despite similar therapy input. These units also shorten hospital lengths of stay by expediting appropriate discharges. (Stroke. 1994;25:821‐825.)
Does Proprioceptive Loss Influence Recovery of the Upper Extremity After Stroke?

Stroke patients with motor paralysis and proprioceptive deficits are considered to have a worse functional outcome than those with pure motor paralysis, but the mechanism of this detrimental effect is not clear. In order to clarify it, we compared the motor and functional recovery of the affected upper extremity in stroke patients having pure motor paralysis with that of such patients with both motor and proprioceptive deficits. Forty patients undergoing stroke rehabilitation were studied: 20 with pure motor deficits and 20 also with proprioceptive deficits. They were assessed on four occasions during the first six weeks of rehabilitation. Motor impairment was assessed with the Fugl-Meyer subscale of the upper extremity, disability with the Frenchay Arm Test, and proprio ception by the Thumb Localization Test. Significant within-group improvement of the motor and functional abilities was demonstrated in both groups, between admission to six weeks later (p < 0.001, either group). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups, although pure motor patients had a slightly better outcome. It was concluded that the proprioception deficit did not influence limb recovery in the first six weeks of rehabilitation. Therefore, the upper extremity of all patients should be treated and given a similar chance because significant improvement can be expected in all cases. Key Words: Upper Extremity—Stroke—Proprioception—Rehabilitation.
Allocation and sizing of DG using Cuckoo Search algorithm

Recent years, penetration of distributed generation in the distribution system is one of the most attractive studies along with the creation of retail electricity markets and pressure place on countries to exploit the renewable resources. For exploiting the DG potential, the optimal allocation and sizing of DG are essential. In this paper, a novel Cuckoo Search algorithm is presented for optimal location and sizing of distributed generation on a radial distribution system. The objectives are to minimize the total real power losses and improve voltage stability within the system at the same time improve voltage profile within the voltage constrains. Cuckoo Search algorithm toolbox which coded in Matlab generates both optimal distributed generation site and size as outputs. Two case studies are carried out on 69 bus radial distribution systems and compare to the Standard Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization to verify the efficiency of the proposed methodology. The results show that Cuckoo Search algorithm outperforms other algorithms in terms of solution quality and standard deviation values.