Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relational Forward Backward Algorithm for Multiple Queries

The lifted dynamic junction tree algorithm (LDJT) efﬁciently answers ﬁltering and prediction queries for probabilistic relational temporal models by building and then reusing a ﬁrst-order cluster representation of a knowledge base for multiple queries and time steps. Speciﬁcally, this paper contributes (i) a relational forward backward algorithm with LDJT, (ii) smoothing for hindsight queries, and (iii) different approaches to instantiate a ﬁrst-order cluster representation during a backward pass. Further, our relational forward backward algorithm makes hindsight queries with huge lags feasible. LDJT answers multiple temporal queries faster than the static lifted junction tree algorithm on an unrolled model, which performs smoothing during message passing.
Effect of Domain Corpus Size and LSA Vector Dimension: A Study in Assessing Student Generated Short Texts in Virtual Internships Without Participant Data

Semantic similarity is a major automated approach to address many tasks such as essay grading, answer assessment, text summarization and information retrieval. Many semantic similarity methods rely on semantic representation such as Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), an unsupervised method to infer a vectorial semantic representation of words or larger texts such as documents. Two ingredients in obtaining LSA vectorial representations are the corpus of texts from which the vectors are derived and the dimensionality of the resulting space. In this work, we investigate the effect of corpus size and vector dimensionality on assessing student generated content in advanced learning systems, namely, virtual internships. Au-tomating the assessment of student generated content would greatly increase the scalability of virtual internships to millions of learners at reasonable costs. Prior work on automated assessment of notebook entries relied on classiﬁers trained on participant data. However, when new virtual internships are created for a new domain, for instance, no participant data is available a priori. Here, we report on our effort to develop an LSA-based assessment method without student data. Furthermore, we investigate the optimum corpus size and vector dimensionality for these LSA-based methods.
High frequency of infection of lung cancer patients with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii

Background Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite that can cause a wide range of clinical conditions, including miscarriage and pneumonia. The global prevalence is 30% in humans, but varies by locality (e.g. in the UK it is typically 10%). The association between lung cancer and T. gondii infection was investigated by direct detection in lung tissue samples. Methods Lung tissue samples were taken from patients undergoing lung resection surgery (n=72) for suspected lung cancer (infection prevalence 100% (95% CI: 93.9–100%)). All 72 participants were confirmed as having lung cancer following subsequent diagnostic tests. In addition, bronchial biopsy samples were collected from non-lung cancer healthy control subjects (n=10). Samples were tested for T. gondii using PCR amplification of T. gondii specific gene markers and T. gondii specific immunohistochemistry. Results All 72 lung cancer patients were infected with T. gondii (prevalence 100% (95% CI: 93.9–100%)). Of which, 95.8% (n=69) of patients showed evidence of active parasite stages. Infection prevalence in the controls (10%) was significantly lower (p<0.0001). Conclusions Clinicians treating lung cancer patients should be aware of the potential presence of the parasite, the potential for induction of symptomatic complications and interference with treatment success. Toxoplasma gondii infection was found to be present in all lung tissue samples taken from 72 cancer patients (including active parasite stages in 96% of samples) http://bit.ly/2DhPPRN
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Gene Polymorphism in Psoriasis and Its Relation to Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Narrowband Ultraviolet B Response: A Case–Control Study in Egyptian Patients

Background: Psoriasis is a common dermatologic disease with multifactorial etiology in which genetic factors play a major role. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is expressed in keratinocytes and is known to affect cell maturation and differentiation in addition to its role in inflammation. Aim: To study the association between PPAR-γ gene polymorphism and psoriasis vulgaris in Egyptian patients to explore if this polymorphism influenced disease risk or clinical presentation. Methods: Forty-five patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 45 age, sex and body mass index matched healthy volunteers who have no present, past or family history of psoriasis as a control group were enrolled. Selected cases included obese and nonobese participants. Detection of PPAR-γ gene polymorphism was done with restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction. Narrow-band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) was given for every case three times/week for 12 weeks. Results: Homopolymorphism, heteropolymorphism, and Ala allele were significantly associated with cases (P = 0.01, P = 0.01, and P = 0.004, respectively) and increased risk of occurrence of psoriasis by 5.25, 3.65, and 3.37 folds, respectively. Heteropolymorphism was significantly associated with nonobese cases compared to obese ones (P = 0.01). Ala allele was significantly associated with obese cases (P = 0.001) and increased risk of occurrence of psoriasis in obese participants by 1.14 folds. Homopolymorphism, heteropolymorphism, and Ala allele were more prevalent among obese cases without metabolic syndrome (MS) than obese cases with MS but without statistical significance. Percentage of decrease of mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score before and after 3 months of treatment with NBUVB was higher in cases with heteropolymorphism with no significant difference between homo- and heteropolymorphism. Conclusion: PPAR-γ gene polymorphism is associated with and increased the risk of psoriasis and its associated obesity in Egyptian patients. It has no role in NBUVB response in those patients. Future large-scale studies on different populations are recommended.
Problems in Estimation of Postmortem Interval Resulting from Wrapping of the Corpse : A Case Study from Hawaii '

J. Agric. Entomol. 9(4):237·243 (October 1992) ABSTRACT The remains of a female were discovered on the island of Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, wrapped in two layers of blankets. The Diptera recovered from the remains indicated a postmortem interval of 10.5 d. based on developmental rates for two species of Calliphoridae: Chrysomya mega­ cephala (Fabricius> and Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart). It was experimen­ tally determined that the wrapping of the remains in blankets delayed inva­ sion of the remains for oviposition by flies by 2.5 d, thus resulting in a final postmortem interval estimate of 13 d. This estimate was consistent with the circumstances of the case, as the victim had last been seen alive during the afternoon 14 d prior to discovery of the remains.
l‐α‐Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) aggravates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via a GPR55/ROCK‐dependent pathway

The phospholipid l‐α‐lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), an endogenous ligand for GPR55, is elevated in patients with acute coronary syndrome, and a GPR55 antagonist cannabidiol (CBD) reduces experimental ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. While LPI activates multiple signaling pathways, little is known about which ones are important in cardiomyocytes. In this study we explored whether activation of the Rho kinase/ROCK/p38 MAPK pathway is responsible for LPI‐induced extension of I/R injury. Using a high‐throughput screening method (dynamic mass redistribution; DMR), mouse‐ and human‐induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) cardiomyocytes exposed to LPI were shown to exhibit a rapid, sustained, and concentration‐dependent (1 nmol L−1‐30 μmol L−1) cellular response. Y‐27632 (ROCK inhibitor; 10 & 50 μmol L−1) and CBD (1 μmol L−1) both abolished the DMR response to LPI (10 μmol L−1). In murine iPSC cardiomyocytes, LPI‐induced ROCK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, both of which were prevented by Y‐27632 and CBD, but did not induce JNK activation or cleavage of caspase‐3. In hearts isolated from wild type (WT) mice subjected to 30 minutes global I/R, LPI (10 μmol L−1) administered via the coronary circulation increased infarct size when applied prior to ischemia onset, but not when given at the time of reperfusion. The exacerbation of tissue injury by LPI was not seen in hearts from GPR55−/− mice or in the presence of Y‐27632, confirming that injury is mediated via the GPR55/ROCK/p38 MAPK pathway. These findings suggest that raised levels of LPI in the vicinity of a developing infarct may worsen the outcome of AMI.
Author ' s personal copy 2 . 06 Theory and Practice – Thermodynamics , Equations of State , Elasticity , and Phase Transitions of Minerals at High Pressures and Temperatures

2.06. 1 Thermodynamics of Crystals 122 2.06. 1.1 Thermodynamic Potentials 122 2.06. 1.2 Differential Relations 122 2.06. 1.3 Partition Function 123 2.06. 1.4 Harmonic Approximation 124 2.06. 1.4.1 Debye model 125 2.06. 1.4.2 General harmonic potential 126 2.06. 1.5 Quantum Effects in Thermodynamics 127 2.06. 1.6 Thermodynamic Perturbation Theory 128 2.06. 1.7 Quasiharmonic Approximation 129 2.06. 1.8 Beyond the QHA 129 2.06. 2 Equations of State and Elasticity 131 2.06. 2.1 Equations of State 131 2.06. 2.1.1 Mie–Grüneisen EOS 131 2.06. 2.1.2 Analytical static EOS 132 2.06. 2.1.3 Anharmonicity in static EOS 134 2.06. 2.1.4 EOS, internal strain, and phase transitions 134 2.06. 2.2 Elastic Constants 135 2.06. 2.2.1 Cauchy relations 138 2.06. 2.2.2 Mechanical stability 139 2.06. 2.2. 3 Birch’s law and effects of temperature on the elastic constants 139 2.06. 2.2. 4 Elastic anisotropy in the Earth’s interior 140 2.06. 3 Phase Transitions of Crystals 140 2.06. 3.1 Classifications of Phase Transitions 140 2.06. 3.2 First-Order Phase Transitions 141 2.06. 3.3 Landau Theory of Firstand Second-Order Transitions 141 2.06. 3.4 Shortcomings of Landau Theory 142 2.06. 3.5 Ginzburg–Landau Theory 143 2.06. 3.6 Ising Spin Model 144 2.06. 3.7 Mean-Field Treatment of Order–Disorder Phenomena 145 2.06. 3.8 Isosymmetric Transitions 145 2.06. 3.9 Transitions with Group–Subgroup Relations 146 2.06. 3.10 Pressure-Induced Amorphization 146 2.06. 4 A Few Examples of the Discussed Concepts 147 2.06. 4.1 Temperature Profile of the Earth’s Lower Mantle and Core 147 2.06. 4.2 Polytypism of MgSiO3 Post-Perovskite and Anisotropy of the Earth’s D0 layer 147 2.06. 4.3 Spin Transition in (Mg, Fe)O Magnesiowüstite 148 References 149
Microsurgical Lymphaticovenous Implantation Targeting Dermal Lymphatic Backflow Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Lymphography in the Treatment of Postmastectomy Lymphedema

Background: Microsurgical lymphaticovenous implantation in lymphedema is done to create a lymphaticovenous shunt by an implantation of collecting lymphatics into the small vein, as reported previously. The authors have recently introduced ultrasonograpy and indocyanine green fluorescence lymphography into this procedure. Methods: Nine cases of postmastectomy lymphedema had received preoperative venous marking using ultrasonography and lymphatic mapping using indocyanine green fluorescence lymphography. The concept of modification is to pick up the most effective point for microsurgical lymphaticovenous implantation that involves both subcutaneous veins and the dermal backflow of excess lymphatics. Objective improvement was analyzed by the percent reduction of edema circumference at two points of the affected forearm. Results: Preoperative lymphography showed a spotty image for dermal backflow in all nine extremities, a linear image on the dorsal hand in six extremities, and a linear image on the forearm in three extremities. With an average follow-up of 17 months, three patients had excellent results with the reduction of edema circumference more than 50 percent for both the distal and proximal sites of the treated forearm. Four patients had good results with the reduction of edema circumference more than 50 percent at the distal or proximal sites, two patients had fair results, and no patients had poor results. The average number of modified microsurgical lymphaticovenous implantations was 3.7 per case. Conclusion: Modified microsurgical lymphaticovenous implantation is expected to provide favorable results with a minimum number of these modified implantations, even though no linear lymph channel was detected by preoperative indocyanine green fluorescence lymphography.
Bioremediation of the Fuel Oil Contaminated Subsurface

The fuel oil contaminated subsurface was investigated. A local introduction of biogenic elements into this site stimulated the growth of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms (2-3 orders of increase were observed). Heterotrophic microorganisms (including hydrocarbon- oxidizing ones) were dominating in microflora of groundwater and subsurface. In groundwater the part of cold-adapted microorganisms increased significantly (above 50 %), and numbers of protozoa increased to 104 cells cm-3. Simultaneously decreasing of oil hydrocarbons content from 120 and more to 2-10 mg L-1 was observed in groundwater.
Experimentation with Proving VCs Using No Special Theory Solvers Technical Report

The expression of specifications for a broad spectrum of software in a reasonably concise and readily comprehensible fashion requires the employment of a range of mathematical theories, many of which lack specialized decision procedures. Even if no decision procedures are available, if software component specifications and corresponding implementations are well-designed and annotated appropriately, the resulting verification conditions for correctness become “obvious,” i.e., their correctness may be seen via a simple deduction by humans and established formally via the discovery of a short proof by an automated prover – without recourse to special-purpose solvers. To explore just how obvious the program correctness VCs need to be and to understand the limitations of automated provers for proving VCs involving arbitrary theories, this paper presents results from experiments with two provers. One of them is Z3, with only the solver for uninterpreted functions and constants enabled. The other is a version of a prover based on congruence closures that we have developed to prove sequentstyle VCs (as opposed to arbitrary mathematical assertions). Results from the experimentation are promising.
Approximate Transient Analysis of Queuing Networks by Decomposition based on Time-Inhomogeneous Markov Arrival Processes

We address the transient analysis of networks of queues with exponential service times. Such networks can easily have such a huge state space that their exact transient analysis is unfeasible. In this paper we propose an approximate transient analysis technique based on decomposing the queues of the network using a compact and approximate representation of the departure process of each queue. Namely, we apply time-inhomogeneous Markov arrival processes (IMAP) to describe the stream of clients leaving the queues. By doing so, the overall approximate model of the network is a time-inhomogeneous continuous time Markov chain (ICTMC) with significantly less number of states than there are in the original Markov chain. The proposed construction of the output IMAP of a queue is based on its transient state probabilities. We illustrate the approach first on a single M/M/1 queue and analyze the goodness of fitting of the departure process by numerical examples. Then we extend the approach to networks of queues and evaluate the precision of the resulting technique on several simple numerical examples by comparing the exact and the approximate transient probabilities of the queues.
Na,K-ATPase Activity Regulates AMPA Receptor Turnover through Proteasome-Mediated Proteolysis

Neuronal activity largely depends on two key components on the membrane: the Na,K-ATPase (NKA) that maintains the ion gradients and sets the foundation of excitability, and the ionotropic glutamatergic AMPA receptors (AMPARs) through which sodium influx forms the driving force for excitation. Because the frequent sodium transients from glutamate receptor activity need to be efficiently extruded, a functional coupling between NKA and AMPARs should be a necessary cellular device for synapse physiology. We show that NKA is enriched at synapses and associates with AMPARs. NKA dysfunction induces a rapid reduction in AMPAR cell-surface expression as well as total protein abundance, leading to a long-lasting depression in synaptic transmission. AMPAR proteolysis requires sodium influx, proteasomal activity and receptor internalization. These data elucidate a novel mechanism by which NKA regulates AMPAR turnover and thereby synaptic strength and brain function.
Validation of Reasons for Living and Their Relationship with Suicidal Ideation in Korean College Students

This study aimed to examine the validity of reasons for living (RFL) and the protective role they may play against suicidal ideation in college students in South Korea. A total of 277 undergraduate students participated by completing the College Student Reasons for Living Inventory (CS-RFL), along with measures of suicide risk including depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation. The five CS-RFL subscales displayed strong negative correlations with the three indicators of suicide risk. Hierarchical regression analysis results revealed significant main effects of Survival and Coping Beliefs and Moral Objections to Suicide on suicidal ideation after controlling for depression and hopelessness. Moreover, a general tendency toward lower levels of RFL, especially Moral Objections and Responsibility to Family and Friends, was observed compared to those reported in Asian American and European American students. Qualitative studies are needed to increase the validity of RFL inventories and verify whether the observed cultural differences, such as lower Moral Objections, are due to actual variance in underlying belief systems or mere systematic effects of the study variables or measurement bias. Overall, the strong relationship between RFL and suicidal ideation suggest that RFL may be an important factor in assessing suicide risk and devising preventive measures for Korean college students.
Generalized Refocusing: From Hybrid Strategies to Abstract Machines

We present a generalization of the refocusing procedure that provides a generic method for deriving an abstract machine from a specification of a reduction semantics satisfying simple initial conditions. The proposed generalization is applicable to a class of reduction semantics encoding hybrid strategies as well as uniform strategies handled by the original refocusing method. The resulting machine is proved to correctly trace (i.e., bisimulate in smaller steps) the input reduction semantics. The procedure and the correctness proofs have been formalized in the Coq proof assistant.
Avian Influenza Virus Antibody Titers in Human Population in Fars Province , Iran

Among the avian influenza A virus subtypes, H5N1 and H9N2 viruses have the potential to cause an influenza pandemic because they are widely prevalent in avian species in Asia and have demonstrated the ability to infect humans. This study was carried out to determined the seroprevalence of H9N2 avian influenza virus in different human populations in Fars province, which is situated in the south of Iran. Antibodies against H9N2 avian influenza virus were measured using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test in sera from 300 individuals in five different population in Fars province, including poultry-farm workers, slaughter-house workers, veterinarians, patients with clinical signs of respiratory disease, and clinically normal individuals, who were not or rarely in contact with poultry. Mean antibody titers of 7.3, 6.8, 6.1, 4.5, and 2.9 and seroprevalences of 87%, 76.2%, 72.5%, 35.6%, and 23% were determined in those groups, respectively. Higher prevalences were detected in poultry-farm workers, slaughter-house workers, and veterinarians, possibly due to their close and frequent contact with poultry.
Recovering a Piecewise Constant Volatility from Perpetual Put Option Prices

In this paper we present a method to recover a time-homogeneous piecewise constant volatility from a finite set of perpetual put option prices. The whole calculation process of the volatility is decomposed into easy computations in many fixed disjoint intervals. In each interval, the volatility is obtained by solving a system of nonlinear equations.
Ethyl 1-aminonaphtho[2,1-b]furan-2-carboxylate

In the title compound, C15H13NO3, there is intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond between the amino group and the ester carbonyl O atom and the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the ester group is 2.05 (15)°. In the crystal, molecules are connected by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains parallel to [010]. In addition there are short C—H⋯O interactions and π–π stacking interactions with a distance of 3.555 (2) Å between the centroids of the furan and benzene rings.
The effectiveness of comparative advertising in the US automobile market influenced by consumer ethnocentrism, industry-specific personal characteristics, and foreign versus domestic brand ownership

ABSTRACT Comparative advertising is a common promotional tactic used by automobile marketers in the USA for many decades. Comparative advertising either directly mentions a competing brand by name in a comparison favorable to the sponsor of that advertisement, or indirectly implies a competing brand by referring to the competitive group of brands without naming one in particular. Much like comparative advertising, consumer ethnocentrism is inherently adversarial because ethnocentric consumers consider domestic products superior to competing brands produced in another country. Consumer ethnocentrism materializes in the form of cognitive, affective, and conative personal characteristics that can influence purchase decisions. It also represents a consumer’s concern about the economic well-being of his or her fellow citizens. Comparative advertising can exert a significant influence on the formation of ethnocentric responses at the moment of exposure to the ad content. The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of direct and indirect comparative advertising featuring domestic versus foreign automobile brands among US consumers when the influence of consumer ethnocentrism, personal characteristics that connect respondents to the US automobile industry, and foreign versus domestic automobile brand ownership are simultaneously considered in a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) model.
Fault detection and isolation for an experimental internal combustion engine via fuzzy identification

Certain engine faults can be detected and isolated by examining the pattern of deviations of engine signals from their nominal unfailed values. In this brief paper, we show how to construct a fuzzy identifier to estimate the engine signals necessary to calculate the deviation from nominal engine behavior, so that we may determine if the engine has certain actuator and sensor "calibration faults". We compare the fuzzy identifier to a nonlinear ARMAX technique and provide experimental results showing the effectiveness of our fuzzy identification based failure detection and identification strategy. >