Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ilhas fluviais são ilhas "verdadeiras" para os mamíferos? Respostas das espécies às mudanças na Estrutura espacial da paisagem

Desde a publicacao da teoria da biogeografia de ilhas, a ideia de que manchas de habitat sao comparaveis a ilhas oceânicas popularizou-se na ecologia e, mais tarde, na biologia da conservacao. Mais recentemente, surge a ecologia da paisagem, a qual busca explicar a relacao entre os padroes espaciais de estrutura da paisagem e os processos ecologicos. Um dos padroes espaciais mais estudados e a relacao especie-area (REA), a qual preve que areas maiores devem conter maior riqueza de especies. Porem, a constatacao desses efeitos pode estar enviesada se o numero de especies em uma ilha ou parcela (fragmento) de habitat aumentar somente em decorrencia do incremento da area amostrada ao inves de ser influenciado pelo tamanho da mancha per se. Em decorrencia desse debate, recentemente foi proposto que a quantidade de habitat na paisagem local do entorno das manchas simplifica os efeitos do seu tamanho e isolamento e, por isso, deve ser o principal fator determinante da distribuicao de especies em sistemas de manchas. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram: (i) testar se a REA de mamiferos habitando ilhas fluviais na regiao do medio-Solimoes, Amazonia Central, ocorre devido a um efeito de ilha ou a um artefato amostral; (ii) avaliar os efeitos independentes da quantidade de habitat na paisagem e do tamanho da ilha na riqueza de especies estimada por um esforco amostral padronizado; e (iii) analisar como a quantidade de habitat e a resistencia da matriz ao fluxo biologico na paisagem estao relacionados com a composicao de especies das ilhas. Para isso, registrou-se a ocorrencia de mamiferos em 15 ilhas fluviais, cujas paisagens foram caracterizadas espacialmente a partir de imagens de satelite. A REA de mamiferos nas ilhas foi explicada somente pelo efeito da area amostral e o seu padrao nao se manteve quando a riqueza de especies foi estimada em amostras de tamanho padronizado, independente do tamanho da ilha. A quantidade de habitat na paisagem local foi capaz de prever a riqueza de especies estimada por um esforco amostral padronizado, bem como o padrao de estrutura da assembleia de mamiferos nas ilhas. Por outro lado, a resistencia da matriz nao apresentou relacao com a composicao de especies de mamiferos nas ilhas. Embora as ilhas fluviais estudadas representem areas de terra isoladas por uma matriz de agua, elas nao podem ser consideradas ilhas "verdadeiras" sob a perspectiva de equilibrio do modelo de MacArthur-Wilson. Em suma, esse estudo suporta a hipotese de que a quantidade de habitat explica a distribuicao de mamiferos nas ilhas fluviais do medio-Solimoes.
Comparison of sequence and structure‐based datasets for nonredundant structural data mining

Structural data mining studies attempt to deduce general principles of protein structure from solved structures deposited in the protein data bank (PDB). The entire database is unsuitable for such studies because it is not representative of the ensemble of protein folds. Given that novel folds continue to be unearthed, some folds are currently unrepresented in the PDB while other folds are overrepresented. Overrepresentation can easily be avoided by filtering the dataset. PDB_SELECT is a well‐used representative subset of the PDB that has been deduced by sequence comparison. Specifically, structures with sequences that exhibit a pairwise sequence identity above a threshold value are weeded from the dataset. Although length criteria for pairwise alignments have a structural basis, this automated method of pruning is essentially sequence‐based and runs into problems in the twilight zone, possibly resulting in some folds being overrepresented. The value‐added structure databases SCOP and CATH are also a potential source of a nonredundant dataset. Here we compare the sequence‐derived dataset PDB_SELECT with the structural databases SCOP (Structural Classification Of Proteins) and CATH (Class‐Architecture‐Topology‐Homology). We show that some folds remain overrepresented in the PDB_SELECT dataset while other folds are not represented at all. However, SCOP and CATH also have their own problems such as the labor‐intensiveness of the update process and the problem of determining whether all folds are equally or sufficiently distant. We discuss areas where further work is required. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visual secret sharing using Newton interpolation polynomial and mod operator with PNG images

Nowadays digitized personal data is common, since technology progresses day by day. Even more of emphasis is on data security today than there has ever been. So protecting these types of data in a secure way which does not obstruct the access of an authorized authority and which does not reveal any information related to the original personal data if any unauthorized person gets the access of it. Visual cryptography is very special data security method which provides a very powerful technique by which one visual secret can be distributed into two or more shares. When shares on transparencies are super imposes exactly together, the original secret can be discovered without any complicated algorithm or computer participation. In this paper we are trying to give a foundation to visual cryptography by giving all the related and important back ground details. We start by focusing on the first traditional visual cryptography and then continue by listing major or striking modifications over that in the area visual cryptography. We have also proposed a method of sharing visual information, in PNG image format, with honest participants using Newton Interpolation Polynomial equations and Mod operator. The main features in the proposed scheme is, the involvement of a key both in sharing phase of the secret as well as the reconstruction phase and that can be used to verify the honesty of the participants.
A novel approach to build Kannada web Corpus

This paper introduces the Kannada Corpus tool, a suite of Perl (Program Extraction and Reporting Language) programs implementing an iterative procedure to build Kannada corpora from the web. The procedure requires is, first a set of "seed" words list is built and later a set of “seed” URLs (Uniform Resource Locator) containing documents in the Kannada language is collected by sending queries to commercial search engines (Google and Yahoo). The obtained seeds are then used to start a crawling job using the open-source, command-line based downloading tool "wget". The downloaded documents are then processed in various ways in order to build Kannada raw corpora such as HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) code removal, boilerplate stripping, and language identification, duplicate and near duplicate detection. We conducted an evaluation of the tool by applying it to the construction of Kannada corpora from the domains such as Recent Discussions, Articles, Recent Activities, Proverbs, Recent Feedback's, Poems and Fifteen Books, Novels, News paper, Dictionary, Blogs and Informal Chats. The results illustrate the potential usefulness of the tool.
Cognitive Control in Auditory Processing

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 7 1. ATTENTION.9 1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ATTENTION RESEARCH . 9 1.2 BOTTOM-UP AND TOP-DOWN COGNITIVE PROCESSES.9 1.2.1 Bottom-up processing . 10 1.2.2 Top-down processing.10 1.2. 3 Integration of bottom-up and top-down processes . 12 1.3 THE COGNITIVE CONTROL VIEW OF ATTENTION.13 1.3.1 Cognitive control . 13 1.3.2 The guided activation model of cognitive control.15 1.3.3 Cognitive conflict . 18 1.3.4 Functional localisation of cognitive control . 19 1.3.5 Conflict resolution by facilitation . 23 1.3. 6 Conflict resolution by inhibition . 24 2. PRIMING.26 2.1 POSITIVE PRIMING . 26 2.2 NEGATIVE PRIMING . 27 2.2.1 Negative priming and cognitive conflict . 29 2.2.2 Neural network model of negative priming.29 2.2. 3 Neuroimaging and lesion studies of negative priming.31 3. DICHOTIC LISTENING . 33 3.1 HEMISPHERE ASYMMETRY AND LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS.33 3.2 THE DICHOTIC LISTENING EXPERIMENTAL PARADIGM . 33 3.3 EXPERIMENTAL VARIATIONS OF THE DICHOTIC LISTENING TASK . 34 3.4 THEORETICAL MODELS OF DICHOTIC LISTENING.35 3.4.1 The structural model . 35 3.4.2 Top-down modulation of bottom-up laterality . 36 3.4. 3 Hemispheric activation model . 37 3.4. 4 Two-stage model . 38 3.5 DICHOTIC LISTENING AS COGNITIVE CONFLICT.39 4. PRIMED DICHOTIC LISTENING.40 4.1.1 Limitations of directed attention accounts of dichotic listening . 41 4.1.2 Priming applied to dichotic listening.41 4.2 THEORETICAL MODEL FOR PRIMED DICHOTIC LISTENING . 42 4.2.1 Priming understood as a bottom-up or a top-down process.42 4.2.2 Cognitive conflict in primed dichotic listening . 42 4.2. 3 Inhibition model of primed dichotic listening . 43 4.2. 4 Neural network model for primed dichotic listening . 43 4.2. 5 Neuroanatomical predictions for primed dichotic listening . 46 5. SUMMARY OF REPORTS . 48 5.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS . 48 5.1.1 Report I . 48 5.1.2 Report II . 48 5.1.3 Report III. 48 5.2 METHODS . 49 5.2.1 Experimental design. 49 5.2.2 Experimental conditions and response categories. 49 5.2. 3 Variations between the experiments. 51 5.3 SUMMARY OF RESULTS. 52 5.3.1 Report I . 52 5.3.2 Report II . 52 5.3.3 Report III. 53 5.3.4 Errata . 54 6. DISCUSSION. 54 6.1 IMPLICATIONS FOR PRIMED DICHOTIC LISTENING . 54 6.2 IMPLICATIONS FOR DICHOTIC LISTENING MODELS . 55 6.3 IMPLICATIONS FOR COGNITIVE CONTROL MODELS . 56 6.4 IMPLICATIONS FOR MODELS OF NEGATIVE PRIMING . 57 6.5 POTENTIAL CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS . 58 6.6 FUTURE WORK. 59 REFERENCES. 61 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 71
Bayesian optimisation for active perception and smooth navigation

A key challenge for long-term autonomy is to enable a robot to automatically model properties of the environment while actively searching for better decisions to accomplish its task. This amounts to the problem of exploration-exploitation in the context of active perception. This paper addresses active perception and presents a technique to incrementally model the roughness of the terrain a robot navigates on while actively searching for waypoints that reduce the overall vibration experienced during travel. The approach employs Gaussian processes in conjunction with Bayesian optimisation for decision making. The algorithms are executed in real-time on the robot while it explores the environment. We present experiments with an outdoor vehicle navigating over several types of terrains demonstrating the properties and effectiveness of the approach.
Using combined keying materials for key distribution in wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we propose a probabilistic key predistribution scheme for wireless sensor networks that increases connectivity of the basic scheme while keeping sizes of keyring and key pool fixed. We introduce the concept of XORed key, which is the bitwise XOR of two regular (a.k.a. single) keys. Sensor nodes are preloaded with a mixture of single and XORed keys. Nodes establish secure links by using shared XORed keys whenever possible. If node pairs do not have any shared XORed or single keys, they transfer keys from their secure neighbors in a couple of ways, and use them to match with their XORed keys. In this way, the probability of securing links, i.e. local connectivity, increases. The decision of which key is to be transferred from which node is given based on local information at the hand of the nodes. We aim to control the resilience of the network against node capture attacks by using XORed keys since an attacker has to know either both single key operands or the XORed key itself. Simulations show that our scheme is up to 50% more connected as compared to basic scheme. Also it has better resilience performance at the beginning of a node capture attack. When it starts to deteriorate, the difference between the resilience of our proposed scheme and basic scheme is not greater than 5%.
Differential subcellular localization of Ror tyrosine kinase receptors in cultured astrocytes

Ror1 and Ror2 belong to a family of tyrosine kinase receptors that are highly conserved among species. They are expressed throughout the organism, including the central nervous system. In the present study, we analyzed the expression and subcellular localization of Ror1 and Ror2 in astrocytes by means of reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry. Our results indicated that both Ror1 and Ror2 are readily detectable in cultured astrocytes. They also showed that Ror1 and Ror2 are associated with different components of the cytoskeleton. While Ror1 co‐localized with F‐actin along stress fibers, Ror2 partially co‐localized with microtubules. In addition, our results suggest that Ror1 and Ror2 undergo different posttranslational modifications in cultured astrocytes. Ror1 is highly glycosylated in these cells. In contrast, no glycosylation was detected in Ror2. Taken together, these results suggest distinct roles for these tyrosine kinase receptors in astrocytes. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonlinear Kalman filter-based trajectory error analysis of skid-steered mobile robots

Skid-steered mobile robots have been widely used for terrain navigation and exploration. The absence of a steering system makes the robot mechanically robust and simple.Due to the varying tire/ground interactions and complex dynamics/kinematics models, it is challenging localization and tracking control for such mobile robots. In this paper, we present a localization and slip estimation scheme for a skid-steered mobile robot using low-cost inertial measurement units, We first analyze the kinematics of the skid-steered mobile robot, secondly we establish an Gauss-Markov error model, then we present a nonlinear Kalman filter based simultaneous localization and slip estimation scheme. The estimation methodology is tested and validated experimentally with a computer vision-based localization system.
E-Learning: Strategies for Delivering Knowledge in the Digital Age

80 ISSN 1436-4522. © International Forum of Educational Technology & Society (IFETS). The authors and the forum jointly retain the copyright of the articles. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than IFETS must be honoured. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from the editors at kinshuk@massey.ac. nz. E-Learning: Strategies for Delivering Knowledge in the Digital Age (Book Review)
A dual phosphorylation switch controls 14-3-3-dependent cell surface expression of TASK-1

ABSTRACT The transport of the K+ channels TASK-1 and TASK-3 (also known as KCNK3 and KCNK9, respectively) to the cell surface is controlled by the binding of 14-3-3 proteins to a trafficking control region at the extreme C-terminus of the channels. The current model proposes that phosphorylation-dependent binding of 14-3-3 sterically masks a COPI-binding motif. However, the direct effects of phosphorylation on COPI binding and on the binding parameters of 14-3-3 isoforms are still unknown. We find that phosphorylation of the trafficking control region prevents COPI binding even in the absence of 14-3-3, and we present a quantitative analysis of the binding of all human 14-3-3 isoforms to the trafficking control regions of TASK-1 and TASK-3. Surprisingly, the affinities of 14-3-3 proteins for TASK-1 are two orders of magnitude lower than for TASK-3. Furthermore, we find that phosphorylation of a second serine residue in the C-terminus of TASK-1 inhibits 14-3-3 binding. Thus, phosphorylation of the trafficking control region can stimulate or inhibit transport of TASK-1 to the cell surface depending on the target serine residue. Our findings indicate that control of TASK-1 trafficking by COPI, kinases, phosphatases and 14-3-3 proteins is highly dynamic. Summary: Phosphorylation of a previously neglected serine residue in the trafficking control region of TASK-1 interferes with the binding of trafficking machinery and enables complex regulation by physiological stimuli.
An implementation of a SIMT architecture-based stream processor

In this paper, we designed a SIMT architecture-based stream processor for parallel processing in the mobile environment. The designed processor is a superscalar architecture and can issue up to four instructions. Considering the limited resources of the mobile environment, this processor was consisted of 16 stream processors (SPs). To verify the operation of the designed processor, a functional level simulation was conducted with the Modelsim SE 10.0b simulator. We synthesized on Virtex-7 FPGA as the target with the Xilinx ISE 14.7 tool and the results analyzed. The performance of the designed processor was 150M Triangles/Sec, 4.8 GFLOPS at 100 MHz. When the performance was compared with that of conventional processors, the proposed architecture of the processor attested to be effective in processing 3D graphics and parallel general-purpose computing in the mobile environment.
Phylodynamics of Infectious Disease Epidemics

We present a formalism for unifying the inference of population size from genetic sequences and mathematical models of infectious disease in populations. Virus phylogenies have been used in many recent studies to infer properties of epidemics. These approaches rely on coalescent models that may not be appropriate for infectious diseases. We account for phylogenetic patterns of viruses in susceptible–infected (SI), susceptible–infected–susceptible (SIS), and susceptible–infected–recovered (SIR) models of infectious disease, and our approach may be a viable alternative to demographic models used to reconstruct epidemic dynamics. The method allows epidemiological parameters, such as the reproductive number, to be estimated directly from viral sequence data. We also describe patterns of phylogenetic clustering that are often construed as arising from a short chain of transmissions. Our model reproduces the moments of the distribution of phylogenetic cluster sizes and may therefore serve as a null hypothesis for cluster sizes under simple epidemiological models. We examine a small cross-sectional sample of human immunodeficiency (HIV)-1 sequences collected in the United States and compare our results to standard estimates of effective population size. Estimated prevalence is consistent with estimates of effective population size and the known history of the HIV epidemic. While our model accurately estimates prevalence during exponential growth, we find that periods of decline are harder to identify.
CoreSymphony: an efficient reconfigurable multi-core architecture

This paper describes CoreSymphony, a cooperative and reconfigurable superscalar processor architecture that improves single-thread performance in chip multiprocessor. CoreSymphony enables some narrow-issue cores to be fused into a single wide-issue core. In this paper, we describe the problems associated with achieving the cooperative superscalar processor. We then describe techniques by which to overcome these problems. The evaluation results obtained using SPEC2006 benchmarks indicate that four-core fusion achieves 88% higher IPC than an individual core.
Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid

Sebaceous gland carcinoma, commonly arises in the periocular area, is an uncommon condition. It represents 1–5.5% of eyelid malignancies and is considered to be the third most common eyelid malignancy after basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, although few reports placed this tumor as second most common after basal cell carcinoma. It usually affects elderly women and characterized by high rate of local recurrence, regional, and distant metastases. A delay in diagnosis, which can be attributed primarily to ability of this tumor to masquerade as more benign conditions, often leads to inappropriate management with increased morbidity and mortality rates. In this study, the authors discuss key elements of the primary disease and therapeutic options available to treat such devastating problem.
Features extraction based on the Discrete Hartley Transform for closed contour

In this paper the authors propose a new closed contour descriptor that could be seen as a Feature Extractor of closed contours based on the Discrete Hartley Transform (DHT), its main characteristic is that uses only half of the coefficients required by Elliptical Fourier Descriptors (EFD) to obtain a contour approximation with similar error measure. The proposed closed contour descriptor provides an excellent capability of information compression useful for a great number of AI applications. Moreover it can provide scale, position and rotation invariance, and last but not least it has the advantage that both the parameterization and the reconstructed shape from the compressed set can be computed very efficiently by the fast Discrete Hartley Transform (DHT) algorithm. This Feature Extractor could be useful when the application claims for reversible features and when the user needs and easy measure of the quality for a given level of compression, scalable from low to very high quality.
Exploring Objective and Subjective Numeracy at a Population Level: Findings From the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)

Numeracy is a critical component of decision making in health, and low numeracy may adversely affect risk comprehension, medical treatment, and health outcomes. Health researchers have developed objective and subjective measures of numeracy that potentially could be used for clinical or health research purposes. To examine the association between objective and subjective numeracy at a population level, data were obtained from the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey, a health communication survey that collects data from a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population. Associations between items from 2 published subjective numeracy measures (STAT-Confidence Scale; Subjective Numeracy Scale) and a single published objective numeracy measure were examined with respect to one another and with respect to sociodemographic characteristics using a multivariate logistic regression model. Controlling for demographic covariates, both subjective numeracy measures were significantly associated with each other (p < .0001) and with objective numeracy (p < .0001). Compared with respondents who regarded themselves as low in subjective numeracy, those who regarded themselves as high in subjective numeracy had significantly higher odds of answering the objective numeracy question correctly (STAT-Confidence Scale OR = 1.42, CI [1.07, 1.90]; Subjective Numeracy Scale OR = 1.71, CI [1.28, 2.28]). However, the subjective measures performed poorly as diagnostic indicators of objective numeracy. Sensitivity and specificity for the STAT-Confidence Scale and the Subjective Numeracy Scale were 67%/49% and 50%/71%, respectively. More work is needed to elucidate the relation between objective and subjective numeracy, at the conceptual and empirical levels, and to develop more robust measures of subjective numeracy that can better discriminate between individuals with low and high objective numeracy.