Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deporting undocumented immigrants : the role of labor demand shocks

Public opinion is strongly concerned about illegal migrati on, whereas employers may value undocumented immigrants as a desirable resource. Rational g vernments may try to balance these conflicting interests by selectively enforcing migration p olicies according to local labor demand. This paper provides the first empirical analysis of internal enforcement against undocumented immigrants. It identifies, for the first time, the causal impa ct of changes in labor demand on the intensity of government’s intervention. Using a new pan el dataset, we estimate the employment elasticity of deportations: a 1% increase in local empl oyment causes a 10-15% reduction in the number of immigrants removed from the area. We investi gate the theoretical rationale of this empirical finding in a stylized model of internal enforc ement in an economy with labor market rigidities. Within this setting, undocumented immigra nts are hired as buffer-employment in periods of stronger labor demand. JEL Codes: F22, J61, K42
Adaptive Treatment of Epilepsy via Batch-mode Reinforcement Learning

This paper highlights the crucial role that modern machine learning techniques can play in the optimization of treatment strategies for patients with chronic disorders. In particular, we focus on the task of optimizing a deep-brain stimulation strategy for the treatment of epilepsy. The challenge is to choose which stimulation action to apply, as a function of the observed EEG signal, so as to minimize the frequency and duration of seizures. We apply recent techniques from the reinforcement learning literature--namely fitted Q-iteration and extremely randomized trees--to learn an optimal stimulation policy using labeled training data from animal brain tissues. Our result, show that these methods are an effective means of reducing tile incidence of seizures, while also minimizing the amount ot stimulation applied. If these results Carry over to the human model of epilepsy, the impact for patients will be substantial.
Performance improvement for diagnosis of colon cancer by using ensemble classification methods

It is an important issue reducing the number of features in a data set to improve the performance of classification algorithms. This effort can also reduce the need of computation power. There are many feature reduction methods used for this aim. In this study, two different feature selection methods have been implemented to the Colon Cancer data set by using the WEKA Data Mining Program. In addition, algorithms using ensemble methods can further improve the classification performance. In this study, different ensemble methods have been implemented to the data set having reduced features. Performance improvements obtained by this way have been evaluated referring to the individual and ensemble classification methods. Performance of the classification methods have been compared by using the Kappa, Accuracy and MCC values. Effectiveness has been shown with ROC graphics. The results have shown that the classification accuracy for the colon cancer can be increased by reducing the features and by using the ensemble methods.
Symmetric Kullback-Leibler Metric Based Tracking Behaviors for Bioinspired Robotic Eyes

A symmetric Kullback-Leibler metric based tracking system, capable of tracking moving targets, is presented for a bionic spherical parallel mechanism to minimize a tracking error function to simulate smooth pursuit of human eyes. More specifically, we propose a real-time moving target tracking algorithm which utilizes spatial histograms taking into account symmetric Kullback-Leibler metric. In the proposed algorithm, the key spatial histograms are extracted and taken into particle filtering framework. Once the target is identified, an image-based control scheme is implemented to drive bionic spherical parallel mechanism such that the identified target is to be tracked at the center of the captured images. Meanwhile, the robot motion information is fed forward to develop an adaptive smooth tracking controller inspired by the Vestibuloocular Reflex mechanism. The proposed tracking system is designed to make the robot track dynamic objects when the robot travels through transmittable terrains, especially bumpy environment. To perform bumpy-resist capability under the condition of violent attitude variation when the robot works in the bumpy environment mentioned, experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our bioinspired tracking system using bionic spherical parallel mechanism inspired by head-eye coordination.
SCHEDULING WITH CONFLICTS

We consider the following problem of scheduling with conflicts (SWC): Find a minimum makespan schedule on a constant number of identical machines where conflicting jobs may not be scheduled concurrently. We present the first approximation algorithms for the case in which conflicts between jobs are modeled by general graphs both for unit jobs and jobs with arbitrary processing times. Previous results showed that the problem is weakly NP-hard for two machines and arbitrary processing times, and strong NP-hardness is known to hold in the unit case for at least three machines. Hence, we consider approximation algorithms for general number of machines, and short jobs for two machines. Three different approaches are considered for developing algorithms for SWC. First, SWC with unit jobs can be formulated as a set-cover problem in which the number of elements in each set is bounded by the number of machines. This gives an approximation ratio of Hm − 1 2 = O(log m), where m is the number of machines. The running time of this algorithm is exponential in m. For jobs with arbitrary processing times, we extend this technique by applying scaling. Scaling increases the approximation ratio to O(log maxj pj minj pj · log m) where pj is the processing time of a job j. Second, we analyze the greedy algorithm for arbitrary processing times. We present the first analysis of the approximation ratio of the greedy algorithm, and prove that it equals m+1 2 . We also show the tightness of this analysis, even for unit jobs. Third, we focus on short jobs and two machines. For processing times in the set {1, 2} we introduce an optimal algorithm, that is based on finding a maximum matching in an auxiliary graph. This result is related to finding a maximum bipartite b-matching, for b = 2. When the processing times are from the set {1, 2, 3}, a min-cost matching is used to achieve a 4 3 -approximation ratio is achieved. We also show that the analysis is tight. Chapter
Developing Usable Context-Aware Mobile Computing: Three Levels of Interactivity

Context-aware computing describes the area of applications that adapt according to environmental measures and it promises a smooth interaction between humans and technology. To find how this can be achieved, I separate applications into three levels of interactivity, personalization, passive context-awareness and active context-awareness. I propose to investigate which approach is appropriate for the different types of applications. It is my hypothesis that personalization-oriented applications are relevant at an early state of mobile device adoption but as the user gets experienced, context-aware applications are more relevant and useful. Finally I describe research already conducted and propose further studies to support the hypothesis.
Neighbor Discovery Optimization for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs)

The IETF work in IPv6 over Low-power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) defines 6LoWPANs such as IEEE 802.15. 4. This and other similar link technologies have limited or no usage of multicast signaling due to energy conservation. In addition, the wireless network may not strictly follow the traditional concept of IP subnets and IP links. IPv6 Neighbor Discovery was not designed for non- transitive wireless links, as its reliance on the traditional IPv6 link concept and its heavy use of multicast make it inefficient and sometimes impractical in a low-power and lossy network. This document describes simple optimizations to IPv6 Neighbor Discovery, its addressing mechanisms, and duplicate address detection for Low- power Wireless Personal Area Networks and similar networks. The document thus updates RFC 4944 to specify the use of the optimizations defined here. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Survey on Bloom-Filter Based Forwarding and Denial of Service Attack

I. Intoduction In standard IP routing-table lookup[9], when user want to forward the data to any multicast groups or unicast the construction of routing table at each node is necessary and each node has to store the per flow, state information at every node. So it requires larger storage and the computation at each node which leads to the burden on the nodes. But it’s a traditional approach which has been used in the network. When user wants to process packets across the network without storing any state or per flow information at each node, the attractive approach has been proposed that’s called Bloom-Filter based Forwarding. In-packet Bloom-filter-based forwarding is relatively simple The delivery tree is stored in the packet header as a set of forwarding-hop identifiers (FHIDs), which can be either nodes, links, or in–out interface pairs on the delivery tree. The set of FHIDs in the delivery tree is encoded as a Bloom filter [10] data structure, which enables efficient testing of set membership. Network nodes forward packets by checking which potential FHIDs, e.g., in-out interface pair, nodes and links are in the Bloom filter. Bloom-Filter can provide better Scalability compare to the standard IP routing because in this it doesn’t store any state or per flow information. While forwarding the data in the network there is a possibility of denial of service attack, which may leads to the false positive results and that causes the data forwarding to choose different path which has not encoded in the filter by the forwarder. And it causes the data to loop in the network itself. And finally it causes the denial of service attack. So in order to overcome the Dos Attack there are 3 security approaches has been used in the existing bloom-filter structure. 1) Limiting the number of items stored in the Bloom filters. 2) Centralizing Bloom filter computation and making forwarding-hop identifiers secret. 3) Cryptographically computed per-flow forwarding-hop identifiers.
From population-level effects to individual response: modelling temperature dependence in Gammarus pulex

SUMMARY Population-level effects of global warming result from concurrent direct and indirect processes. They are typically described by physiologically structured population models (PSPMs). Therefore, inverse modelling offers a tool to identify parameters of individual physiological processes through population-level data analysis, e.g. the temperature dependence of growth from size–frequency data of a field population. Here, we make use of experiments under laboratory conditions, in mesocosms and field monitoring to determine the temperature dependence of growth and mortality of Gammarus pulex. We found an optimum temperature for growth of approximately 17°C and a related temperature coefficient, Q10, of 1.5°C–1, irrespective of whether we classically fitted individual growth curves or applied inverse modelling based on PSPMs to laboratory data. From a comparison of underlying data sets we conclude that applying inverse modelling techniques to population-level data results in meaningful response parameters for physiological processes if additional temperature-driven effects, including within-population interaction, can be excluded or determined independently. If this is not the case, parameter estimates describe a cumulative response, e.g. comprising temperature-dependent resource dynamics. Finally, fluctuating temperatures in natural habitats increased the uncertainty in parameter values. Here, PSPM should be applied for virtual monitoring in order to determine a sampling scheme that comprises important dates to reduce parameter uncertainty.
A POPULATION OF WEAK METAL-LINE ABSORBERS SURROUNDING THE MILKY WAY

We report on the detection of a population of weak metal-line absorbers in the halo or nearby intergalactic environment of the Milky Way. Using high-resolution ultraviolet absorption-line spectra of bright quasars (QSO) obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), along six sight lines we have observed unsaturated, narrow absorption in O i and Si ii, together with mildly saturated C ii absorption at high radial velocities (|vLSR| = 100–320 km s−1). The measured O i column densities lie in the range N(O i) < 2 × 1014 cm−2 implying that these structures represent Lyman limit Systems and sub-Lyman limit System with H i column densities between 1016 and 3 × 1018 cm−2, thus below the detection limits of current 21 cm all-sky surveys of high-velocity clouds (HVCs). The absorbers apparently are not directly associated with any of the large high column density HVC complexes, but rather represent isolated, partly neutral gas clumps embedded in a more tenuous, ionized gaseous medium situated in the halo or nearby intergalactic environment of the Galaxy. Photoionization modeling of the observed low ion ratios suggests typical hydrogen volume densities of nH > 0.02 cm−3 and characteristic thicknesses of a several parsec down to subparsec scales. For three absorbers, metallicities are constrained in the range of 0.1–1.0 solar, implying that these gaseous structures may have multiple origins inside and outside the Milky Way. Using supplementary optical absorption-line data, we find for two other absorbers Ca ii/O i column-density ratios that correspond to solar Ca/O abundance ratios. This finding indicates that these clouds do not contain significant amounts of dust. This population of low column density gas clumps in the circumgalactic environment of the Milky Way is indicative of the various processes that contribute to the circulation of neutral gas in the extended halos of spiral galaxies. These processes include the accretion of gas from the intergalactic medium and satellite galaxies, galactic fountains, and outflows. We speculate that this absorber population represents the local analog of weak Mg ii systems that are commonly observed in the circumgalactic environment of low- and high-redshift galaxies.
Measuring the Semantic Uncertainty of News Events for Evolution Potential Estimation

The evolution potential estimation of news events can support the decision making of both corporations and governments. For example, a corporation could manage its public relations crisis in a timely manner if a negative news event about this corporation is known with large evolution potential in advance. However, existing state-of-the-art methods are mainly based on time series historical data, which are not suitable for the news events with limited historical data and bursty properties. In this article, we propose a purely content-based method to estimate the evolution potential of the news events. The proposed method considers a news event at a given time point as a system composed of different keywords, and the uncertainty of this system is defined and measured as the Semantic Uncertainty of this news event. At the same time, an uncertainty space is constructed with two extreme states: the most uncertain state and the most certain state. We believe that the Semantic Uncertainty has correlation with the content evolution of the news events, so it can be used to estimate the evolution potential of the news events. In order to verify the proposed method, we present detailed experimental setups and results measuring the correlation of the Semantic Uncertainty with the Content Change of news events using collected news events data. The results show that the correlation does exist and is stronger than the correlation of value from the time-series-based method with the Content Change. Therefore, we can use the Semantic Uncertainty to estimate the evolution potential of news events.
Printed multifunctional flexible device with an integrated motion sensor for health care monitoring

Printable, multifunctional, flexible, health monitoring detachable patch sheets with human motion detection capability. Real-time health care monitoring may enable prediction and prevention of disease or improve treatment by diagnosing illnesses in the early stages. Wearable, comfortable, sensing devices are required to allow continuous monitoring of a person’s health; other important considerations for this technology are device flexibility, low-cost components and processing, and multifunctionality. To address these criteria, we present a flexible, multifunctional printed health care sensor equipped with a three-axis acceleration sensor to monitor physical movement and motion. Because the device is designed to be attached directly onto the skin, it has a modular design with two detachable components: One device component is nondisposable, whereas the other one is disposable and designed to be worn in contact with the skin. The design of this disposable sensing sheet takes into account hygiene concerns and low-cost materials and fabrication methods as well as features integrated, printed sensors to monitor for temperature, acceleration, electrocardiograms, and a kirigami structure, which allows for stretching on skin. The reusable component of the device contains more expensive device components, features an ultraviolet light sensor that is controlled by carbon nanotube thin-film transistors, and has a mechanically flexible and stable liquid metal contact for connection to the disposable sensing sheet. After characterizing the electrical properties of the transistors and flexible sensors, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept device that is capable of health care monitoring combined with detection of physical activity, showing that this device provides an excellent platform for the development of commercially viable, wearable health care monitors.
The Perils of Randomization Checks in the Analysis of Experiments

In the analysis of experimental data, randomization checks, also known as balance tests, are used to indicate whether a randomization has produced balance on various characteristics across experimental conditions. Randomization checks are popular in many fields although their merits have yet to be established. The grounds on which balance tests are generally justified include either 1) the credibility of experimental findings, and/or 2) the efficiency of the statistical model. We show that balance tests cannot improve either credibility or efficiency. The most common “remedy” resulting from a failed balance test is the inclusion as a covariate of a variable failing the test; this practice cannot improve the choice of statistical model. Other commonly suggested responses to failed balance tests such as post-stratification or re-randomization also fail to improve on methods that do not require balance tests. We advocate resisting reviewer requests for randomization checks in all but some narrowly defined circumstances.
Methylation of Breast Cancer Predisposition Genes in Early-Onset Breast Cancer: Australian Breast Cancer Family Registry

DNA methylation can mimic the effects of both germline and somatic mutations for cancer predisposition genes such as BRCA1 and p16INK4a. Constitutional DNA methylation of the BRCA1 promoter has been well described and is associated with an increased risk of early-onset breast cancers that have BRCA1-mutation associated histological features. The role of methylation in the context of other breast cancer predisposition genes has been less well studied and often with conflicting or ambiguous outcomes. We examined the role of methylation in known breast cancer susceptibility genes in breast cancer predisposition and tumor development. We applied the Infinium HumanMethylation450 Beadchip (HM450K) array to blood and tumor-derived DNA from 43 women diagnosed with breast cancer before the age of 40 years and measured the methylation profiles across promoter regions of BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, PALB2, CDH1, TP53, FANCM, CHEK2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Prior genetic testing had demonstrated that these women did not carry a germline mutation in BRCA1, ATM, CHEK2, PALB2, TP53, BRCA2, CDH1 or FANCM. In addition to the BRCA1 promoter region, this work identified regions with variable methylation at multiple breast cancer susceptibility genes including PALB2 and MLH1. Methylation at the region of MLH1 in these breast cancers was not associated with microsatellite instability. This work informs future studies of the role of methylation in breast cancer susceptibility gene silencing.
Transport in quantum wells in the presence of interface roughness

The effective Hamiltonian for two-dimensional quantum wells with rough interfaces is formally derived. Two terms are generated. The first term is identified with local energy-level fluctuations, and was introduced phenomenologically in the literature for interface roughness scattering, however, is now shown to be valid only for an infinite potential well or Hamiltonians with one single length scale. The other term is shown to modulate the wave function and cause fluctuations in the charge density. This will further reduce the electron mobility to a magnitude that is close to the experimental result.
Judges without a court : judicial preview in Sweden

This chapter describes the Swedish system of preview of legislation in order to assure that constitutional and human rights are respected. It consists of four main components: the system of legislative committees in preparing legislation, wide access to public documents and right to publish those, the Law Council (consisting of judges), and the Constitutional Committee of the Parliament. It argues that together these four components of the preview-system makes it hard, though not impossible, to legislate in a way that infringes rights. The government is in no way obliged to follow the Law Council, but not doing so will of course give rise to a political debate and latter on give courts a hint that legislations passed might not be constitutionally sound (in a review situation). Concrete examples are given as to how they interact and on situations when the system have worked as well as not worked.
A Novel Intelligent Fuzzy Controller for MPPT in Grid-connected Photovoltaic Systems

This paper presents a novel intelligent fuzzy logic controller for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in grid-connected photovoltaic systems. The main advantages of this approach are that the intelligent fuzzy inference algorithm expressed with equation is simple to be implemented on MCU chip and needs no memory space to save fuzzy rules, and that optimizing factor in the fuzzy inference equation can adjust fuzzy rules on-line automatically to improve system control effect, which provides the system with an intelligent characteristic. The simulation and experiment results showed the attractive features of the presented intelligent fuzzy controller such as simplicity, fast response, good dynamic performance and that it can increase output power extracted from photovoltaic arrays. The availability and adjustability of this novel fuzzy controller is confirmed by experiments using PV arrays, boost converter and single phase grid-connected inverter.
Underactuation in robotic grasping hands

This paper presents the development of selfadaptive and reconfigurable hands which are versatile and easy to control. These hands have three fingers and each of the fingers has three phalanges. The selfadaptability of the hands is obtained using underactuation. Also, the reconfigurability of the hands is obtained by reorienting the fingers. The design of a three-degree-of-freedom (dof) underactuated finger, used in all the hands, is first intro- duced. A first hand, which has 12 dofs and 6 motors is then presented. Subsequently, by including underactuation among the fingers and coupling their orientation, a second hand with 10 dofs and 2 motors is obtained. Finally, control issues and experimental results are presented.