Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The PtdIns3P‐Binding Protein Phafin 2 Mediates Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Degradation by Promoting Endosome Fusion

Phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate (PtdIns3P) orchestrates endosomal cargo transport, fusion and motility by recruiting FYVE or PX domain‐containing effector proteins to endosomal membranes. In an attempt to discover novel PtdIns3P effectors involved in the termination of growth factor receptor signalling, we performed an siRNA screen for epidermal growth factor (EGF) degradation, targeting FYVE and PX domain proteins in the human proteome. This screen identified several potential regulators of EGF degradation, including HRS (used as positive control), PX kinase, MTMR4 and Phafin2/PLEKHF2. As Phafin2 has not previously been shown to be required for EGF receptor (EGFR) degradation, we performed further functional studies on this protein. Loss of Phafin2 was found to decrease early endosome size, whereas overexpression of Phafin2 resulted in enlarged endosomes. Moreover, both the EGFR and the fluid‐phase marker dextran were retained in abnormally small endosomes in Phafin2‐depleted cells. In yeast two‐hybrid analysis we identified Phafin2 as a novel interactor of the endosomal‐tethering protein EEA1, and Phafin2 colocalized strongly with EEA1 in microdomains of the endosome membrane. Our results suggest that Phafin2 controls receptor trafficking and fluid‐phase transport through early endosomes by facilitating endosome fusion in concert with EEA1.
Agonist–antagonist muscle activation during drop jumps

Abstract Pre-programmed and stretch-induced muscle activities of agonist muscles can play important roles during stretch-shortening cycle exercises. It is still not clear how the antagonist muscles function when the drop and rebound intensities are varied during drop jump (DJ) exercises. The purpose of the present study was to examine the regulation of agonist–antagonist muscle activation during DJ with different drop and rebound heights. The subjects performed DJs with two drop heights (0.2 and 0.4 m) and three different efforts (maximal rebound height, 50% effort of maximal rebound height and landing without rebound). Ankle and knee joint angles, and vertical ground reaction force together with an electromyogram of the lower leg muscles (medial gastrocnemius [MG], soleus [SOL] and tibialis anterior [TA]) were measured simultaneously during DJ. Our results clearly showed that the pre-activation of the antagonist TA was increased with increasing rebound height. Our results further showed that the coactivations of agonist and antagonist muscles during the post-impact 30-ms phase were increased with increasing rebound height. These results suggested that not only the pre-programmed agonist MG muscle activation, but also the pre-programmed antagonist TA activation and the coactivation of the post-impact 30-ms phase may play important roles in the control of rebound height.
Electronic properties of ultrathin nickel films on W(110).

Ultrathin films of nickel on W(110) are investigated by angularly resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Quantitative information about the first stages of epitaxial growth is extracted from this data, as well as from reflection high-energy electron diffraction, low-energy electron-diffraction oscillations, and Auger-electron spectroscopy. The band structure of this quasi-two-dimensional system is mapped out and the influence of the geometric film structure and of the interaction with the substrate on the electronic structure is discussed.
Functional DNA methylation in a transcript specific 3′UTR region of TrkB associates with suicide

Previous studies indicate that a subgroup of suicide completers has low cortical brain expression levels of TrkB-T1, a TrkB gene transcript that is highly expressed in astrocytes. Epigenetic modifications, including methylation changes in the TrkB promoter, partially explain TrkB-T1 low expression levels in brain tissue from suicide completers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether methylation changes in other regions of the TrkB gene could also contribute to the significant downregulation of the TrkB-T1 transcript observed in the brain of suicide completers. Methylation levels were assessed on BA8/9 from suicide completers expressing low TrkB-T1 transcript levels and controls, using custom-made Agilent arrays tiling the whole TrkB gene. After statistical correction for multiple testing, five probes located in the TrkB-T1 3′UTR region were found hypermethylated in the frontal cortex of suicide completers. These results were validated for four CpGs spanning a 150 bp sequence by cloning and Sanger sequencing bisulfite treated DNA. We found a significant correlation between the methylation level at these four CpGs and TrkB-T1 expression in BA8/9. Site-specific hypermethylation on this 3′UTR sequence induced decreased luciferase activity in reporter gene cell assays. Site-specific differential methylation in the TrkB-T1 3′UTR region associates with functional changes in TrkB-T1 expression and may play a significant role in the important decrease of cortical TrkB-T1 expression observed among suicide completers.
AN OVERVIEW ABOUT VERSATILE MOLECULE CAPSAICIN

Capsaicin is a pungent highly domesticated fat soluble alkaloid having its origin from Bolvia and Brazil. It is biosynthesized via phenylpropanoid pathway and branched chain fatty acid pathway. Mostly found in trans isomeric form. Its pungent analogues are synthesized using amidation reactions catalyzed by lipases and non-pungent analogues using acyl chain lengths and different substituent in aromatic ring. It acts by binding TRPV1 and shows wide applications in relief from pain, breast and prostate cancer, obesity, heart diseases and hair loses. Its increased intake may cause lesions of liver and kidney along with gastric cancer. A review is made of capsaicin research focusing mainly on its origin, biosynthesis, chemistry and pharmacology, including its toxicological aspects.
Synthesis and thermal decomposition of a novel zirconium acetato-propionate cluster : [ Zr 12 ]

This work reports a novel Zirconium acetato-propionate complex herein called [Zr12] obtained by reaction of zirconium acetylacetonate Zr(acac)4 with propionic acid. The molecular structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction on single crystals and proposed to be [Zr12(μ3O)16(CH CH2CO2)12(CH3CO2)8(μ23CH2CO2)4]. This cluster involves oxo/hydroxo bonds in the direct surrounding of the metallic center. The decomposition of [Zr12] has been studied by thermal analysis and compared to Zr(acac)4. Its temperature of decomposition is much lower than for acetylacetonate derivative. In consequence, the formation of ZrO2 is easier from [Zr12] than from *Manuscript Click here to view linked References
STR Markers Unveil Microgeographic Differentiation over the Steep Mountainous Landscape of Jujuy Province, Northwest Argentina

ABSTRACT This study explores potential signals of microdifferentiation in the gene pool of three high-altitude populations from Jujuy province in northwest Argentina using highly polymorphic markers. These human communities are characterized by extreme living conditions and very low population densities owing to considerable height above sea level and steep orography. A set of autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) located at chromosome 6 (6p21.3) was typed in samples from Quebrada Baja (∼2,500 m), Quebrada Alta (∼3,300 m), and Puna (> 3,500 m). Genetic diversity was estimated through the observed and expected heterozygosities and the haplotype diversity. Analyses of the molecular variance (AMOVAs) and population differentiation tests based on allele and haplotype frequencies were performed to assess genetic heterogeneity among subgroups. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was detected in any subpopulation, yet significant departures were detected in the analysis considering the whole area (D6S2792 and D6S105 loci). Overall, genetic diversity showed a decreasing trend as the altitude increased. Thus, allele and haplotype frequencies showed the most significant differences between Puna and Quebrada Baja, the populations sited at the edges of the altitude range. The trend toward reduction of heterozygosity with altitude is compatible with historical patterns of colonization, interregional migration trends, population density, and genetic admixture. The main consequence of the complex mountainous landscape of Jujuy would be an imbalance in the interplay of gene flow and genetic drift, favoring the latter. The combined effect of restricted gene flow and intense genetic drift would have promoted local genetic differentiation between the Jujuy highland subpopulations, leading to spatial patterning of the allele frequencies not entirely attributable to geographic distance. Our findings corroborate the effectiveness of STRs to identify microevolutionary changes.
Whichever the Initial Training Status, any Increase in Velocity at Lactate Threshold Appears as a Major Factor in Improved Time to Exhaustion at the Same Severe Velocity After Training

The first purpose of this study was to assess the eventual training adaptations in the time to exhaustion at the same severe velocity occurring after severe interval-training programs in few- and well-trained subjects. In the event of such training adaptations, the second purpose was to identify the discriminant factors of performance improvement according to the initial training status. Seven few- and six well-trained subjects performed: firstly, an incremental test to determine the maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max), the energy cost of running (ECR), the velocity associated with the achievement of VO 2max (v VO 2max) and the lactate threshold (LT expressed in VO 2, km.h -1, % v VO 2max); secondly, an all-out test at the velocity corresponding to the midway between v LT and v VO 2max (v ω50) to determine the time to exhaustion (t max); such tests were carried out before and after 4- and 8-week severe interval-training programs. In the few-trained subjects, all factors of performance (i.e., VO 2max, ECR, v VO 2max, LT expressed in VO 2, km.h -1, % v VO 2max) and t max at the pretraining v ω50 were improved after training (+8, -8, +7, +9, +14, +6% and +79%, respectively); only the increase in v LT was related to the one in t max (r = 0.714, p = 0.05, n = 7). In the well-trained subjects, only v VO 2max was improved (+3%) due to the decrease in ECR (-3%), t max at the pre-training v ω50 did not vary after training; only the three subjects (over six) who improved their v LT (+0.5, +0.5, +0.8km.h -1, respectively) improved their t max (+10, +24, +101%, respectively) (r = 0.895, p = 0.01, n = 6). So, whichever the initial training status, any training-induced adaptation in v LT appeared as a major factor of performance improvement especially at supra-LT velocities.
H-Representation of the Kimura-3 Polytope for the m-Claw Tree

Given a group-based Markov model on a tree, one can compute the vertex representation of a polytope describing a toric variety associated with the algebraic statistical model. In the cases of ${\mathbb Z}_2$ and ${\mathbb Z}_2\times{\mathbb Z}_2$, these polytopes have applications in the field of phylogenetics. We provide a half-space representation of the polytope for the $m$-claw tree where $G={\mathbb Z}_2\times{\mathbb Z}_2$. This choice of group corresponds to the Kimura-3 model of evolution.
An Examination of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence Among Concurrent Tobacco and Khat Users

Abstract The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) among tobacco smokers who use khat (Catha edulis), a widely used substance in East Africa and Arabian Peninsula. We also explored gender differences in response to FTND items because little attention has been paid to women's smoking behavior in Middle Eastern societies. A total of 103 (38 women) concurrent users (mean age ± SD: 24.4 ± 5.2) were recruited from two universities in Yemen. An Arabic version of FTND was developed using back-translation method. Chronbach's alpha was used to examine the reliability and principal component analysis was conducted to test the factor structure of the scale. The scale was found to have low internal consistency reliability (Chronbach's α = .58). Two factors were identified, accounting for 57% of the total variance. A series of chi-square analyses found that men indicated more symptoms associated with nicotine dependence than women (ps < .05). Although the poor reliability observed in the present sample argues for a cautious approach when assessing nicotine dependence among khat users, the findings on factor structure and gender differences may provide support for the validity of the scale. Taking into account sociocultural factors associated with patterns of smoking behavior among this population should improve the psychometric properties of FTND.
Interrelations of muscle functional MRI, diffusion‐weighted MRI and 31P‐MRS in exercised lower back muscles

Exercise‐induced changes of transverse proton relaxation time (T2), tissue perfusion and metabolic turnover were investigated in the lower back muscles of volunteers by applying muscle functional MRI (mfMRI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) before and after as well as dynamic 31P‐MRS during the exercise. Inner (M. multifidus, MF) and outer lower back muscles (M. erector spinae, ES) were examined in 14 healthy young men performing a sustained isometric trunk‐extension. Significant phosphocreatine (PCr) depletions ranging from 30% (ES) to 34% (MF) and Pi accumulations between 95% (left ES) and 120%–140% (MF muscles and right ES) were observed during the exercise, which were accompanied by significantly decreased pH values in all muscles (∆pH ≈ –0.05). Baseline T2 values were similar across all investigated muscles (approximately 27 ms at 3 T), but revealed right–left asymmetric increases (T2,inc) after the exercise (right ES/MF: T2,inc = 11.8/9.7%; left ES/MF: T2,inc = 4.6/8.9%). Analyzed muscles also showed load‐induced increases in molecular diffusion D (p = .007) and perfusion fraction f (p = .002). The latter parameter was significantly higher in the MF than in the ES muscles both at rest and post exercise. Changes in PCr (p = .03), diffusion (p < .01) and perfusion (p = .03) were strongly associated with T2,inc, and linear mixed model analysis revealed that changes in PCr and perfusion both affect T2,inc (p < .001). These findings support previous assumptions that T2 changes are not only an intra‐cellular phenomenon resulting from metabolic stress but are also affected by increased perfusion in loaded muscles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Ethanolic Fraction of Roots Barks of Anogeissus leiocarpa ( DC . ) Guill & Perr on Urine Output and Lipid Profile on Rats I Research

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline. net © Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. Available online at www.globalresearchonline. net 78 Kouangbé Mani Adrien, Johnson Félicia, Boga Gogo Lucien, Bahi Calixte, N’guessan Jean David 1 Biochemical Pharmacodynamy Laboratory, Training and Research Unit of Bioscience, University of Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d’Ivoire. Zoological and Animal Biology Laboratory, Training and Research Unit of Biosciences, University of Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d’Ivoire. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: kmania1@yahoo.fr
Optimal Airport Surface Traffic Planning Using Mixed Integer Linear Programming

We describe an ongoing research effort pertaining to the development of a surface traffic automation system that will help controllers to better coordinate surface traffic movements related to arrival and departure traffic. More specifically, we describe the concept for a taxi-planning support tool that aims to optimize the routing and scheduling of airport surface traffic in such a way as to deconflict the taxi plans while optimizing delay, total taxi-time, or some other airport efficiency metric. Certain input parameters related to resource demand, such as the expected landing times and the expected pushback times, are rather difficult to predict accurately. Due to uncertainty in the input data driving the taxi-planning process, the taxi-planning tool is designed such that it produces solutions that are robust to uncertainty. The taxi-planning concept presented herein, which is based on mixed-integer linear programming, is designed such that it is able to adapt to perturbations in these input conditions, as well as to account for failure in the actual execution of surface trajectories. The capabilities of the tool are illustrated in a simple hypothetical airport.
A novel tolerant skyline operation for decision making

Skyline operation is significantly important for Decision Support Systems (DSS) due to its ability to find a number of decision-maker (DM)-interested objects. However, an inherent weakness of conventional skyline queries is that the output size is hard to control by DMs. It actually includes two aspects. On one hand, the number of the returned skyline set might be too large to make the output meaningful. On the other hand, the skyline may not be informative enough or too concise to fulfill the DM’s interests. Current solutions for the first aspect aim to refine the computed skyline and find a representative skyline subset with a feasible size. But the second aspect still remains open. In order to tackle this problem, this paper attempts to extend conventional skyline and thus proposes a novel Tolerant Skyline Operation. We study algorithms for computing this novel tolerant skyline. The final experiments employ both real datasets and synthetic datasets for illustration of our approaches. The results indicate that the tolerant skyline is more effective and practical.
To 'B' or Not to 'B': A Welfare Analysis of Breaking Up Monopolies in an Endogenous Growth Model

This paper studies the welfare consequences of a government regulation that forces a patented equipment to be supplied by a number of independent producers. On the one hand, such a regulation hurts the value of a patent and therefore reduces activities in the R&D sector. On the other hand, the enhanced competition for the equipment improves efficiency in the manufacturing sector. Should monopolies protected by intellectual property rights be broken up? The answer is "no" in a Romer-type growth model, but there is sufficient reason to believe that the answer could be "yes" in a model advocated by Jones (1995).
Performance of submicron CMOS devices and gates with substrate biasing

This paper reports the results of an extensive simulation to study the effect of body bias engineering on the performance of deep submicron technology circuits. Reverse body bias (RBB) is very useful in reducing a device's off-state leakage current and hence standby power. This reduction is more effective as the temperature increases. Forward body bias (FBB) suppresses short channel effects and hence improves V/sub t/ roll-off and reduces the gate delays. This improvement is enhanced as the power supply voltage decreases. However, the power dissipation and power delay product have increased under this biasing condition. A good strategy is to apply a forward body bias on critical path only to improve speed without significant increase in power dissipation.
Magnetic particle hyperthermia—a promising tumour therapy?

We present a critical review of the state of the art of magnetic particle hyperthermia (MPH) as a minimal invasive tumour therapy. Magnetic principles of heating mechanisms are discussed with respect to the optimum choice of nanoparticle properties. In particular, the relation between superparamagnetic and ferrimagnetic single domain nanoparticles is clarified in order to choose the appropriate particle size distribution and the role of particle mobility for the relaxation path is discussed. Knowledge of the effect of particle properties for achieving high specific heating power provides necessary guidelines for development of nanoparticles tailored for tumour therapy. Nanoscale heat transfer processes are discussed with respect to the achievable temperature increase in cancer cells. The need to realize a well-controlled temperature distribution in tumour tissue represents the most serious problem of MPH, at present. Visionary concepts of particle administration, in particular by means of antibody targeting, are far from clinical practice, yet. On the basis of current knowledge of treating cancer by thermal damaging, this article elucidates possibilities, prospects, and challenges for establishment of MPH as a standard medical procedure.
A single-use chromatographic purification platform for viral gene transfer vectors & viral vaccines

Pavel Marichal-Gallardo, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Germany marichal-gallardo@mpi-magdeburg.mpg. de Yvonne Genzel, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Germany Kathleen Börner, Center for Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital & BioQuant, Heidelberg University & German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Germany Dirk Grimm, Center for Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital & BioQuant, Heidelberg University & German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg & Cluster of Excellence CellNetworks, Heidelberg University, Germany Michael Wolff, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Germany & Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Germany Udo Reichl, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Germany & Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
Design calculations of the CLIC transfer structure

The power required for acceleration in the main linac of CLIC (CERN Linear Collider) is generated by a high current, moderate energy drive beam. The transfer structure will extract this power at 30 GHz from the the drive beam. A design under study consists simply of a circular cylindrical beam tube of relatively large diameter (16 mm) which is coupled to the wide side of one or more rectangular output waveguides through rows of coupling holes. Output waveguide cutoff and coupling hole spacing are chosen such that the beam is synchronous with the backward TE/sub 10/ wave of the output waveguide at 30 GHz. The RF pulse length is controlled by the length of coupling sections. By placing output waveguides on both sides of the beam tube, 160 MW/m can be extracted with section lengths of 35 cm. Numerical studies show that the desired power level can be reached with small coupling holes. <<ETX>>