Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sense Embedding Learning for Word Sense Induction

Conventional word sense induction (WSI) methods usually represent each instance with discrete linguistic features or cooccurrence features, and train a model for each polysemous word individually. In this work, we propose to learn sense embeddings for the WSI task. In the training stage, our method induces several sense centroids (embedding) for each polysemous word. In the testing stage, our method represents each instance as a contextual vector, and induces its sense by finding the nearest sense centroid in the embedding space. The advantages of our method are (1) distributed sense vectors are taken as the knowledge representations which are trained discriminatively, and usually have better performance than traditional count-based distributional models, and (2) a general model for the whole vocabulary is jointly trained to induce sense centroids under the mutlitask learning framework. Evaluated on SemEval-2010 WSI dataset, our method outperforms all participants and most of the recent state-of-the-art methods. We further verify the two advantages by comparing with carefully designed baselines.
Analysis of turbulence in a microchannel emulsifier ✩

Turbulent flow of water in an 1 mm long and 0.4 mm high gap of an emulsifier is investigated experimentally using micro-PIV technique and compared with numerical predictions. The purpose of the investigations is to develop a procedure for well-controlled generation of mono-disperse suspension of micro-droplets. The micro-flow measurements are based on epi-fluorescence illumination and high-speed imaging. The experimental data are compared with the numerical results obtained using direct simulation and turbulent flow model. From the turbulent modelling (k−ε) it was found that, the maximum of turbulent energy dissipation rate takes place mainly in the micro-channel gap. However, measured and directly simulated (DNS) velocity fields indicate that flow turbulization is delayed and develops shortly behind the gap. Experimental and numerical results are used to predict droplet dimension of two different oil emulsions. Very low amount of oil-phase fraction in investigated emulsions justifies us to use flow characteristics evaluated for pure water to predict mean diameter of oil droplets. These predictions are validated using experimental data on statistics of droplets size. © 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
ANALYSIS OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL TRAFFIC PATTERNS BASED ON PEDESTRIAN TRAJECTORIES

Abstract. For driver assistance and autonomous driving systems, it is essential to predict the behaviour of other traffic participants. Usually, standard filter approaches are used to this end, however, in many cases, these are not sufficient. For example, pedestrians are able to change their speed or direction instantly. Also, there may be not enough observation data to determine the state of an object reliably, e.g. in case of occlusions. In those cases, it is very useful if a prior model exists, which suggests certain outcomes. For example, it is useful to know that pedestrians are usually crossing the road at a certain location and at certain times. This information can then be stored in a map which then can be used as a prior in scene analysis, or in practical terms to reduce the speed of a vehicle in advance in order to minimize critical situations. In this paper, we present an approach to derive such a spatio-temporal map automatically from the observed behaviour of traffic participants in everyday traffic situations. In our experiments, we use one stationary camera to observe a complex junction, where cars, public transportation and pedestrians interact. We concentrate on the pedestrians trajectories to map traffic patterns. In the first step, we extract trajectory segments from the video data. These segments are then clustered in order to derive a spatial model of the scene, in terms of a spatially embedded graph. In the second step, we analyse the temporal patterns of pedestrian movement on this graph. We are able to derive traffic light sequences as well as the timetables of nearby public transportation. To evaluate our approach, we used a 4 hour video sequence. We show that we are able to derive traffic light sequences as well as time tables of nearby public transportation.
Study of anemia in nondialysis dependent chronic kidney disease with special reference to serum hepcidin

We studied the role of serum hepcidin in anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Serum hepcidin, ferritin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were evaluated in patients of CKD. Hepcidin levels were increased in patients as compared to healthy adults. Hepcidin levels increased as CKD progressed through stage 3–5 (P trend = 0.015) but did not correlate with estimated glomerular filtration rate. Hepcidin correlated positively with ferritin (P < 0.0001) and transferrin saturation (TSAT) (P = 0.0217) and negatively with erythropoietin (EPO) levels (P = 0.0258) but did not correlate with either hsCRP or estimated glomerular filtration rate. Iron status influenced hepcidin levels of patients. Patients were divided according to iron status on the basis of TSAT and serum ferritin levels. We observed that while absolute iron deficiency (transferrin saturation <20%, ferritin <40 ng/ml) is associated with downregulation of hepcidin, hepcidin is elevated in other two categories of CKD patients (P = 0.0039). Iron status of patients also influenced interaction between hepcidin and hemoglobin (Hb). Hepcidin correlated negatively with Hb in patients with sufficient iron status (r = −0.7452, P< 0.0001) but nearly correlated positively with Hb in patients with absolute iron deficiency (r = 0.9428, P = 0.0572). Almost similar association persisted when cutoff value for serum ferritin was raised to 100 ng/ml as per NKF/KDOQI 2006 clinical practice guidelines except that no association was observed in absolute iron deficiency category. Cutoff value for hepcidin for differentiating absolute iron deficiency from other categories in our study population is ≤ 34 ng/ml (area under curve = 0.836, P< 0.0001). In conclusion, serum hepcidin level is increased in nondialysis CKD patients as compared to healthy adults possibly due to associated inflammation and decreased renal clearance. Furthermore, iron status modifies hepcidin level and its association with Hb. Raised hepcidin can predict the need for parenteral iron therapy and need for higher dose of recombinant human EPO to overcome iron-restricted erythropoiesis.
Automatic Photo Ranking Based on Esthetics Rules of Photography

Due to the popularity of digital photography, taking, viewing, and preserving photos are much easier. Nevertheless, not many people are familiar with photo esthetics rules, such as composition and color distribution. As an tool, we introduce a quantitative analysis method of photo composition based on well-known photography rules, such as horizon balance, intensity balance, locations of region-of-interests (ROIs), line patterns and merger avoidance. The weighting factors for each of the rules are determined by an experiment involving 500 photos from Flickr sites and dozens of subjects. Support Vector Regression techniques are first used to quantify and ”predict” human evaluation, then results from more than 10,000 photos from Flickr are used for the final user study. The user study experiment corroborates with our initial hypothesis that automatic photo ranking is effective. Furthermore, 2000 photos from dpchallenge website are used for training (1000) and test (1000), with two class classification to find the better and worse ones, and we are able to get 80.9% accuracy as compared to human rating. CR Categories: I.4. 3 [Image Processing and Computer Vision]: Enhancement; I.4. 8 [Image Processing and Computer Vision]: Scene Analysis
Exploiting Heterogeneity for Improving Forwarding Performance in Mobile Opportunistic Networks: An Analytic Approach

Heterogeneity arises in a wide range of scenarios in mobile opportunistic networks and is one of the key factors that govern the performance of forwarding algorithms. While the heterogeneity has been empirically investigated and exploited in the design of new forwarding algorithms, it has been typically ignored or marginalized when it comes to rigorous performance analysis of such algorithms. In this paper, we develop an analytical framework to quantify the performance gain achievable by exploiting the heterogeneity in mobile nodes' contact dynamics. In particular, we derive a delay upper bound of a heterogeneity-aware static forwarding policy per each given number of message copies and obtain its closed-form expression, which enables our quantitative study on the benefit of leveraging underlying heterogeneity structure in the design of forwarding algorithms. In addition, we develop a dynamic forwarding policy that performs as an extension of the static forwarding policy while proven to improve the delay performance. We then demonstrate that only a small fraction of total (unlimited) message copies, via both static and dynamic forwarding policies, are enough under various heterogeneous network settings to achieve the same delay as that obtained using the unlimited message copies when the networks become homogeneous. We also show that, given the same number of message copies, our dynamic forwarding policy significantly outperforms the `homogeneous-optimal' forwarding policy (up to about 50 percent improvement in the delay performance), especially when the number of message copies allowed in the networks is small.
Analytical and Clinical Evaluation of the NOWDiagnostics ADEXUSDx Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Test Using Whole Blood.

BACKGROUND Point-of-care (POC) urine qualitative human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) devices are used to rapidly assess pregnancy status, but many of these devices are susceptible to false-negative results caused by increased concentrations of hCG β core fragment (hCGβcf) that does not contain hCGβcf. METHODS Purified hCG was added to hCG-negative heparinized whole blood to generate samples with known hCG concentrations, and the resulting samples were used to evaluate device sensitivity, low-end reproducibility, high-dose hook effect, intermediate range performance, acceptable sample volume, acceptable hematocrit range, and lot-to-lot variation. Device performance was also prospectively evaluated in 40 pregnant and 40 nonpregnant women aged 18-44 years in a hospital-based clinic or an academic hospital emergency department. RESULTS All device observations were positive using a whole blood sample containing a plasma hCG concentration of 2.2 × 106 IU/L, and all device observations were positive from18 IU/L to 1.2 × 103 IU/L and from 2.5 × 104 IU/L to 2.2 × 106 IU/L. Three invalid results were observed in the intermediate range because of decreased control line intensity. The minimum sample volume was 30 μL, and maximum hematocrit was 46%. In 40 pregnant and 40 nonpregnant women aged 18-44 years, the device generated 100% concordance with urine qualitative and plasma quantitative test results. CONCLUSIONS The ADEXUSDx™ hCG test demonstrates acceptable performance for the determination of pregnancy status using capillary fingerstick samples.
Identification of a Gene Encoding a Transporter Essential for Utilization of C4 Dicarboxylates in Corynebacterium glutamicum

ABSTRACT The Corynebacterium glutamicum R genome contains a total of eight genes encoding proteins with sequence similarity to C4-dicarboxylate transporters identified from other bacteria. Three of the genes encode proteins within the dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) family, another three encode proteins within the tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporter family, and two encode proteins within the divalent anion:Na+ symporter (DASS) family. We observed that a mutant strain deficient in one of these genes, designated dcsT, of the DASS family did not aerobically grow on the C4 dicarboxylates succinate, fumarate, and malate as the sole carbon sources. Mutant strains deficient in each of the other seven genes grew as well as the wild-type strain under the same conditions, although one of these genes is a homologue of dctA of the DAACS family, involved in aerobic growth on C4 dicarboxylates in various bacteria. The utilization of C4 dicarboxylates was markedly enhanced by overexpression of the dcsT gene. We confirmed that the uptake of [13C]labeled succinate observed for the wild-type cells was hardly detected in the dcsT-deficient mutant but was markedly enhanced in a dcsT-overexpressing strain. These results suggested that in C. glutamicum, the uptake of C4 dicarboxylates for aerobic growth was mainly mediated by the DASS transporter encoded by dcsT. The expression level of the dcsT gene transiently increased in the early exponential phase during growth on nutrient-rich medium. This expression was enhanced by the addition of succinate in the mid-exponential phase and was repressed by the addition of glucose in the early exponential phase.
Projections of the ventral subiculum to the amygdala, septum, and hypothalamus: A PHAL anterograde tract‐tracing study in the rat

The projections of the ventral subiculum are organized differentially along the dorsoventral (or septotemporal) axis of this cortical field, with more ventral regions playing a particularly important role in hippocampal communication with the amygdala, bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST), and rostral hypothalamus. In the present study we re‐examined the projection of the ventral subiculum to these regions with the Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHAL) method in the rat. The results confirm and extend earlier conclusions based primarily on the autoradiographic method. Projections from the ventral subiculum course either obliquely through the angular bundle to innervate the amygdala and adjacent parts of the temporal lobe, or follow the alveus and fimbria to the precommissural fornix and medial corticohypothalamic tract. The major amygdalar terminal field is centered in the posterior basomedial nucleus, while other structures that appear to be innervated include the piriformamygdaloid area, the posterior basolateral, posterior cortical, posterior, central, medial, and intercalated nuclei, and the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. Projections from the ventral subiculum reach the BST mainly by way of the precommissural fornix, and provide rather dense inputs to the anterodorsal area as well as the transverse and interfascicular nuclei. The medial corticohypothalamic tract is the main route taken by fibers from the ventral subiculum to the hypothalamus, where they innervate the medial preoptic area, “shell” of the ventromedial nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, ventral premammillary nucleus, and cell‐poor zone around the medial mammillary nucleus. We also observed a rather dense terminal field just dorsal to the suprachiasmatic nucleus that extends dorsally and caudally to fill the subparaventricular zone along the medial border of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and ventrolateral border of the paraventricular nucleus. The general pattern of outputs to the hypothalamus and septum is strikingly similar for the ventral subiculum and suprachiasmatic nucleus, the endogenous circadian rhythm generator. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards Plugging Privacy Leaks in Domain Name System

Privacy leaks are an unfortunate and an integral part of the current Internet domain name resolution. Each DNS query generated by a user reveals -- to one or more DNS servers -- the origin and target of that query. Over time, a user's browsing behavior might be exposed to entities with little or no trust. Current DNS privacy leaks stem from fundamental DNS features and are not easily fixable by simple patches. Moreover, privacy issues have been overlooked by DNS security efforts (i.e. DNSSEC) and are thus likely to propagate into future versions of DNS. In order to mitigate privacy issues in current DNS, this paper proposes a Privacy-Preserving Domain Name System (PPDNS), which maintains privacy during domain name resolution. PPDNS is based on distributed hash tables (DHTs), an alternative naming infrastructure, and computational private information retrieval (cPIR), an advanced cryptographic construct. PPDNS takes advantage of the DHT's index structure to improve name resolution query privacy, while leveraging cPIR to reduce communication overhead for bandwidth-sensitive clients. Our analysis shows that PPDNS is a viable approach for obtaining a higher degree of privacy for name resolution queries. PPDNS also serves as a demonstration of blending advanced systems techniques with their cryptographic counterparts.
Carotid‐Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy Spanish Children: Reference Percentile Curves

Carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) measurement is an appropriate method for determining arterial stiffness and is a useful tool for early detection of cardiovascular disease. However, the lack of reference values due to the difficulty in accessing healthy child populations, among other causes, has limited its use in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to create reference cfPWV percentile curves for healthy children. The initial sample consisted of 350 girls and boys aged 8 to 11 years. The cfPWV per age and sex were generated using the lambda‐mu‐sigma (LMS) technique. The effects of sex, age, arterial pressure, and body mass index were taken into account. The main result of this study is the age‐ and height‐specific cfPWV reference percentile curves for girls and boys. Curves were obtained for both sexes, since sexual differences were observed in growth and development rates that may affect cfPWV.
Multiresistant serotype O 12 Pseudomonas aeruginosa: evidence for a common strain in Europe

SUMMARY A survey was made of serotype association and multiple antibiotic resistance in strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Europe. Of 208 epidemiologically distinct strains from 16 laboratories in 10 countries, 48 were resistant to carbenicillin (MIC > 128 μg/ml) and gentamicin (MIC > 4 μ g/ml), and 12 of these strains were of serotvpe O 12. Representative O 12 strains from different countries were compared with two multiresistant O 12 strains isolated 5 years apart, from a British burns unit and the antibiotic sensitive serotype reference strain. All O 12 strains were similar by phage and pyocin typing but lysogenic phage profiles indicated that two strains (the later burns isolate and the serotype strain) were distinct from the others. Electrophoretic characterization of outer membrane proteins, lipopoly- saccharides and esterase enzymes corroborated the relationship of the strains and restriction fragment length polymorphism of DNA fragments hybridized with a cDNA probe copy of rRNA from P. aeruginosa provided further proof of their relatedness. We propose that the uniformity of characters of multiresistant O 12 P. aeruginosa in Europe is suggestive of a common origin for the strains.
Identification of the Mandibular Vital Structures: Practical Clinical Applications of Anatomy and Radiological Examination Methods

ABSTRACT Objectives The purpose of this article was to review the current available clinical techniques and to recommend the most appropriate imaging modalities for the identification of mandibular vital structures when planning for oral implants. Material and Methods The literature was selected through a search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane electronic databases. The keywords used for search were mandibular canal, mandibular incisive canal, mental foramen, anterior loop of the mental nerve, radiography, dental implants. The search was restricted to English language articles, published from January 1976 to January 2010. Results In total 111 literature sources were obtained and reviewed. The peculiarities of the clinical anatomy of mandibular canal, mandibular incisive canal, mental foramen and anterior loop of mental nerve were discussed. Radiological diagnostic methods currently available for the identification of the mandibular vital structures when planning for oral implants were presented. Guidelines for the identification of the mandibular vital structures in dental implantology were made. Conclusions The proposed guideline provides clinicians a tool in proper identifying the important mandibular vital structures thus minimizing the potential complications during implant surgery.
Development of multi-purpose universal gripper

As the industrial site is changing from the mass production of a few selected items to the small quantity batch production, various works are required in the factory's production line. The single degree of freedom(DOF) gripper that can grasp only the specific object has accounted for a large part in the industrial site until now. Recently, the underactuated-method gripper that can grasp adaptively depending on the shape of object is being released, but its grip target is limitative as well. Therefore, the gripper of fully-actuated method is required to grasp and operate various objects. Therefore, the multi-purpose universal gripper that can be used diversely in various production lines is being required. The existing fully-actuated method could not be easily applied to the industrial site because it was likely to break down and it was hard to maintain it due to the complex wiring. In order to solve this problem, the multi-purpose universal gripper(MPUG) of the fully-actuated method was manufactured which was maintained easily because the modular actuator replaceable by joint link was used and which could grasp and operate various objects. It was confirmed through the test that the manufactured MPUG could grasp various objects stably.
Genetically encoded photocross-linkers determine the biological binding site of exendin-4 peptide in the N-terminal domain of the intact human glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R)

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a key therapeutic target in the management of type II diabetes mellitus, with actions including regulation of insulin biosynthesis and secretion, promotion of satiety, and preservation of β-cell mass. Like most class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), there is limited knowledge linking biological activity of the GLP-1R with the molecular structure of an intact, full-length, and functional receptor·ligand complex. In this study, we have utilized genetic code expansion to site-specifically incorporate the photoactive amino acid p-azido-l-phenylalanine (azF) into N-terminal residues of a full-length functional human GLP-1R in mammalian cells. UV-mediated photolysis of azF was then carried out to induce targeted photocross-linking to determine the proximity of the azido group in the mutant receptor with the peptide exendin-4. Cross-linking data were compared directly with the crystal structure of the isolated N-terminal extracellular domain of the GLP-1R in complex with exendin(9–39), revealing both similarities as well as distinct differences in the mode of interaction. Generation of a molecular model to accommodate the photocross-linking constraints highlights the potential influence of environmental conditions on the conformation of the receptor·peptide complex, including folding dynamics of the peptide and formation of dimeric and higher order oligomeric receptor multimers. These data demonstrate that crystal structures of isolated receptor regions may not give a complete reflection of peptide/receptor interactions and should be combined with additional experimental constraints to reveal peptide/receptor interactions occurring in the dynamic, native, and full-length receptor state.