Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two Ektaphelenchinae Paramonov, 1964 (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from Iran have tripartite stylet, with similar observations in other species

Two ektaphelenchid nematodes representing one new and one known species are illustrated and characterized using morphological and molecular data. Ektaphelenchus kanzakii n. sp. is mainly characterized by its tripartite stylet having a well visible wide lumen, encompassing a sclerotized and acute anterior part (the conus), a short and slightly tapering middle part (the conophore) that is equally sclerotized but clearly separate from the conus, and a long posterior part that is cylindrical and only weakly sclerotized (the shaft) without basal knobs or swellings. It is further characterized by 863.5 (772–926) μm long females having 23.8 (21.2–27.0) μm long total stylet, distinctly annulated cuticle, three lines in lateral field, vulva at 76.6 (75.3–80.0)%, no rectum, vestigial anus in some individuals, conical posterior body end (tail) with narrow ventrally bent tip, common males in population with two pairs of caudal papillae (the single precloacal papilla and the third caudal pair lacking), spicules with dorsally bent tip and conical tail with sharp or blunt tip. The new species is morphologically compared with close species having conical posterior body end and stylet lacking basal knobs or swellings. Iranian population of Devibursaphelenchus teratospicularis, the second studied species, is characterized by 679.5 (620–709) μm long females having 18.6 (17.5–20.0) μm long total stylet with similar structure to the previous species, subcylindrical body end with widely rounded tip, and rare males with typical spicules of this species and a pair of precloacal and a pair of caudal papillae. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the two recovered species using small and large subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU rDNA) partial sequences revealed they have close phylogenetic affinities with Ektaphelenchus obtusus in both reconstructed trees. However, species of both genera Ektaphelenchus and Devibursaphelenchus don’t form monophyletic groups in SSU and LSU trees. New observations on stylet structure of the two presently studied and some other ektaphelenchid species having available light microphotographs (LM) yielded on definition of a new term “conophore” for the middle part of the ektaphelenchid-type tripartite stylet.
Anode Engineering for the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor—A Comparative Review

Significant effort has been placed in anode engineering for the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) as a method to enhance the on-state/switching loss tradeoff. For the first time, we have taken a comprehensive selection of these designs and individually implemented them all into a 1200 V vertical structure. It is shown that all passive anode engineering structures lie on or above a forward voltage drop/inductive turn-off loss tradeoff curve which can also be generated through changing the emitter (anode) Gummel number of a conventional IGBT. Tradeoff enhancement can be achieved through the use of active anode structures. Such structures incorporate an additional gate at the anode and are considered in the study. The influence of lifetime on the tradeoff is considered and it is shown that optimum device performance can be achieved through both control of the lifetime and the emitter Gummel number/anode engineering. The relative shift in the tradeoff curve is also considered for optimum device design. Furthermore, the effect of the tradeoff curve on the total power loss with varying switching frequency and duty cycle is also discussed. high temperature operation, it is shown that the shift must be carefully considered for optimum device design. Furthermore, the effect of the tradeoff curve on the total power loss with varying switching frequency and duty cycle is also discussed.
Generalized Stacking Fault Energy of {10-11}<11-23> Slip System in Mg-Based Binary Alloys: A First Principles Study

In this work, the generalized stacking fault energies (GSFEs) of {10-11}<11-23> slip system in a wide range of Mg-X (X = Ag, Al, Bi, Ca, Dy, Er, Gd, Ho, Li, Lu, Mn, Nd, Pb, Sc, Sm, Sn, Y, Yb, Zn and Zr) binary alloys has been studied. The doping concentration in the doping plane and the Mg-X system is 12.5 at. % and 1.79 at. %, respectively. Two slip modes (slip mode I and II) were considered. For pure magnesium, these two slip modes are equivalent to each other. However, substituting a solute atom into the magnesium matrix will cause different effects on these two slip modes. Based on the calculated GSFEs, two design maps were constructed to predict solute effects on the behavior of the {10-11}<11-23> dislocations. The design maps suggest that the addition of Ag, Al, Ca, Dy, Er, Gd, Ho, Lu, Nd, Sm, Y, Yb and Zn could facilitate the {10-11}<11-23> dislocations.
Effect of surface roughness on small-scale velocity and scalar characteristics in a turbulent channel flow

Using DNS data in a turbulent channel flow, the paper examines the effect of the surface geometry on the vorticity and (passive) scalar gradient vectors at a relatively small Reynolds number and for a molecular Prandtl number of 1. While a strong correlation between these two vector fields is expected close to the wall when the latter is smooth, significant changes occur when the surface is modified by roughness elements. Different shaped elements, placed orthogonally to the flow with a small streamwise spacing, are considered. The largest and smallest disturbances occur for triangular and square elements respectively whereas the disturbance from circular elements is intermediate to that of the previous two geometries. This result is reflected in nearly all the small-scale statistics that have been obtained, including correlations between components of the vorticity and scalar gradient vectors. Local isotropy near the wall is more closely approximated for the triangular elements.
Seasonal influences of births and male sex skin coloration in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) in the southern hemisphere.

The annual distribution of births of rhesus monkey in zoos in the southern hemisphere and changes in sex skin coloration in one colony were examined. Most (79%) of the births occurred between October and January and the sex skin reached its greatest development during spring and early summer (i.e. at the time of mating). These results demonstrate a 6-month reversal from the breeding activity of rhesus monkeys in the northern hemisphere.
Image Thresholding Improves 3-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network Diagnosis of Different Acute Brain Hemorrhages on Computed Tomography Scans

Intracranial hemorrhage is a medical emergency that requires urgent diagnosis and immediate treatment to improve patient outcome. Machine learning algorithms can be used to perform medical image classification and assist clinicians in diagnosing radiological scans. In this paper, we apply 3-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3D CNN) to classify computed tomography (CT) brain scans into normal scans (N) and abnormal scans containing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), acute subdural hemorrhage (ASDH) and brain polytrauma hemorrhage (BPH). The dataset used consists of 399 volumetric CT brain images representing approximately 12,000 images from the National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore. We used a 3D CNN to perform both 2-class (normal versus a specific abnormal class) and 4-class classification (between normal, SAH, IPH, ASDH). We apply image thresholding at the image pre-processing step, that improves 3D CNN classification accuracy and performance by accentuating the pixel intensities that contribute most to feature discrimination. For 2-class classification, the F1 scores for various pairs of medical diagnoses ranged from 0.706 to 0.902 without thresholding. With thresholding implemented, the F1 scores improved and ranged from 0.919 to 0.952. Our results are comparable to, and in some cases, exceed the results published in other work applying 3D CNN to CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan classification. This work represents a direct application of a 3D CNN to a real hospital scenario involving a medically emergent CT brain diagnosis.
Large Area Nanohole Arrays for Sensing Fabricated by Interference Lithography

Several fabrication techniques are recently used to produce a nanopattern for sensing, as focused ion beam milling (FIB), e-beam lithography (EBL), nanoimprinting, and soft lithography. Here, interference lithography is explored for the fabrication of large area nanohole arrays in metal films as an efficient, flexible, and scalable production method. The transmission spectra in air of the 1 cm2 substrate were evaluated to study the substrate behavior when hole-size, periodicity, and film thickness are varied, in order to elucidate the best sample for the most effective sensing performance. The efficiency of the nanohole array was tested for bulk sensing and compared with other platforms found in the literature. The sensitivity of ~1000 nm/RIU, achieved with an array periodicity in the visible range, exceeds near infrared (NIR) performances previously reported, and demonstrates that interference lithography is one of the best alternative to other expensive and time-consuming nanofabrication methods.
Uncertainty Estimations by Softplus normalization in Bayesian Convolutional Neural Networks with Variational Inference

We introduce a novel uncertainty estimation for classification tasks for Bayesian convolutional neural networks with variational inference. By normalizing the output of a Softplus function in the final layer, we estimate aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty in a coherent manner. The intractable posterior probability distributions over weights are inferred by Bayes by Backprop. Firstly, we demonstrate how this reliable variational inference method can serve as a fundamental construct for various network architectures. On multiple datasets in supervised learning settings (MNIST, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100), this variational inference method achieves performances equivalent to frequentist inference in identical architectures, while the two desiderata, a measure for uncertainty and regularization are incorporated naturally. Secondly, we examine how our proposed measure for aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties is derived and validate it on the aforementioned datasets.
A 3D Printed Ready-Mixed Concrete Power Distribution Substation: Materials and Construction Technology

Currently, 3D concrete printing technology is not yet able to print ready-mixed concrete with coarse aggregates. Based on an independently developed 3D printing construction equipment system and optimized concrete materials, a 3D concrete printer that can directly print ready-mixed concrete is developed. This paper introduces the whole 3D printing process for one power distribution substation in detail, including the printing equipment, key software, concrete preparation, printing process, and construction inspection. This investigation will provide valuable design and construction experience for the future construction of 3D concrete printing.
Magnetic resonance imaging features predictive of an incomplete response to transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract To identify pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features associated with an incomplete response (IR) to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The medical records of 89 patients with HCC who had undergone a first TACE were reviewed retrospectively. The size, visual attenuation in the arterial phase, signal intensity (SI) on T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted images, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of each lesion were evaluated on pretreatment images. The response to TACE was routinely assessed at 4 weeks post-treatment by 4-phase computed tomography. The HCC patients were classified as complete or incomplete responders based on the arterial–phase enhancement of the target lesion. In multivariate analysis, larger lesion diameter (P = .004, OR = 1.06 per millimeter, 95% CI = 1.02–1.11), faint enhancement on arterial phase (P = .021, OR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.22–9.14), and non-low SI on T1-weighted images (P = .016, OR = 3.36, 95% CI = 1.29–9.32) were significantly associated with increased odds of an IR to TACE in HCC patients. An iso-to-high T1-weighted SI by pretreatment MRI was an independent predictor of an incomplete response to TACE in patients with HCC, in addition to faint arterial enhancement and lesion size.
Prediction and Sensitivity Analysis of Bubble Dissolution Time in 3D Selective Laser Sintering Using Ensemble Decision Trees

The presence of defects like gas bubble in fabricated parts is inherent in the selective laser sintering process and the prediction of bubble shrinkage dynamics is crucial. In this paper, two artificial intelligence (AI) models based on Decision Trees algorithm were constructed in order to predict bubble dissolution time, namely the Ensemble Bagged Trees (EDT Bagged) and Ensemble Boosted Trees (EDT Boosted). A metadata including 68644 data were generated with the help of our previously developed numerical tool. The AI models used the initial bubble size, external domain size, diffusion coefficient, surface tension, viscosity, initial concentration, and chamber pressure as input parameters, whereas bubble dissolution time was considered as output variable. Evaluation of the models’ performance was achieved by criteria such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2). The results showed that EDT Bagged outperformed EDT Boosted. Sensitivity analysis was then conducted thanks to the Monte Carlo approach and it was found that three most important inputs for the problem were the diffusion coefficient, initial concentration, and bubble initial size. This study might help in quick prediction of bubble dissolution time to improve the production quality from industry.
Assessing the Difficulty of Classifying ConceptNet Relations in a Multi-Label Classification Setting

Commonsense knowledge relations are crucial for advanced NLU tasks. We examine the learnability of such relations as represented in ConceptNet, taking into account their specific properties, which can make relation classification difficult: a given concept pair can be linked by multiple relation types, and relations can have multi-word arguments of diverse semantic types. We explore a neural open world multi-label classification approach that focuses on the evaluation of classification accuracy for individual relations. Based on an in-depth study of the specific properties of the ConceptNet resource, we investigate the impact of different relation representations and model variations. Our analysis reveals that the complexity of argument types and relation ambiguity are the most important challenges to address. We design a customized evaluation method to address the incompleteness of the resource that can be expanded in future work.
ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 9 (ABCB9) is a prognostic indicator of overall survival in ovarian cancer

Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies and owns the highest mortality rate among all gynecological malignant tumors. ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 9 (ABCB9) is an antigen processing-like (TAPL) transporter that has been found to be involved in the development and progression of various malignant tumors in accumulating reports. However, the potential role of ABCB9 in OC has never been reported. In this study, ABCB9 expression was evaluated in normal ovarian tissues and ovarian cancer tissues using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. And the associations between ABCB9 expression and clinical parameters of patients of OC were evaluated by Chi-square tests. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of ABCB9. GSEA was performed to explore related signaling pathway. ABCB9 expression levels were significantly decreased in OC compared with normal ovarian tissues (P < .001). Low ABCB9 expression was associated with survival status (P = .0148) in OC. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that low ABCB9 expression was associated with poor overall survival in OC (P = .0032). Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that low ABCB9 expression was an independent prognostic factor (HR 0.64; P = .01) in OC patients. Besides, epithelial mesenchymal transition, UV response, and TGF-&bgr; signaling were enriched in low ABCB9 expression phenotype, respectively, examined by gene set enrichment analysis. These results suggest that ABCB9 is an independent prognostic indicator in OC with certain clinical significance.
Soluble Polyimides Bearing (cis, trans)-Hydrogenated Bisphenol A and (trans, trans)-Hydrogenated Bisphenol A Moieties: Synthesis, Properties and the Conformational Effect

In this work, hydrogenated bisphenol A (HBPA) based dinitro mixed isomers (1a′ and 1a) were synthesized and separated via vacuum distillation under the monitor of DSC and 1H NMR. Corresponding diamines (2a′ and 2a) were separately polycondensed with five commercial dianhydrides via a two-step thermal imidization to obtain PI-(1′-5′) and PI-(1-5). All the polyimides could afford flexible, tough, and transparent films, and most of them were readily soluble not only in common polar solvents like DMAc, but also in low boiling point solvents such as chloroform. 1H NMR spectra of the polyimides demonstrated that HBPA moiety showed no conformation changes during the preparation of polymers. For a given dianhydride, PI-(1-5) exhibited better thermal stability than that of PI-(1′-5′), this can be attributed that the equatorial, equatorial C–O in PI-(1-5) promoted denser and more regular molecular chain stacking, as can be evidenced by the WAXD and geometric optimization results. Additionally, when the dianhydride was ODPA, BPADA or 6FDA, no apparent difference was found in either the transmittance or solubility between two series of polyimides, which could be attributed that twisted and flexible ether linkages, as well as bulky substituents, led to the “already weakened” inter- and intramolecular CT interaction and cohesive force. However, when it came to rigid and stiff dianhydride, e.g., BPDA, PI-3′ took an obvious advantage over PI-3 in transmittance and solubility, which was possibly owed to the larger molecular chain d-spacing imparted by equatorial, axial C–O. An overall investigation of PI-(1′-5′) and PI-(1-5) on aspects of thermal, mechanical, morphological, soluble and optical performance values was carried out, and the conformation effects of HBPA isomers on the properties of two series of polyimides were discussed in detail.
Caenibacillus caldisaponilyticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, spore-forming and phospholipid-degrading bacterium isolated from acidulocompost.

A thermophilic and phospholipid-degrading bacterium, designated strain B157T, was isolated from acidulocompost, a garbage compost processed under acidic conditions at moderately high temperature. The organism was Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped. Growth was observed to occur at 40-65 °C and pH 4.8-8.1 (optimum growth: 50-60 °C, pH 6.2). The strain was catalase- and oxidase-positive. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glutamic acid and galactose. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain B157T was related most closely to Tuberibacillus calidus 607T (94.8 % identity), and the phylogenetic analysis revealed that it belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae. The DNA G+C content was determined as 51.8 mol%. In spite of many similarities with the type strains of members of the family Sporolactobacillaceae, genotypic analyses suggest that strain B157T represents a novel species of a new genus, Caenibacilluscaldisaponilyticus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Caenibacilluscaldisaponilyticus is B157T (=NBRC 111400T=DSM 101100T).
Learning 3D Human Body Embedding

Although human body shapes vary for different identities with different poses, they can be embedded into a low-dimensional space due to their similarity in structure. Inspired by the recent work on latent representation learning with a deformation-based mesh representation, we propose an autoencoder like network architecture to learn disentangled shape and pose embedding specifically for 3D human body. We also integrate a coarse-to-fine reconstruction pipeline into the disentangling process to improve the reconstruction accuracy. Moreover, we construct a large dataset of human body models with consistent topology for the learning of neural network. Our learned embedding can achieve not only superior reconstruction accuracy but also provide great flexibilities in 3D human body creations via interpolation, bilateral interpolation and latent space sampling, which is confirmed by extensive experiments. The constructed dataset and trained model will be made publicly available.
The Significant Reduction or Complete Eradication of Subcutaneous and Metastatic Lesions in a Pheochromocytoma Mouse Model after Immunotherapy Using Mannan-BAM, TLR Ligands, and Anti-CD40

Therapeutic options for metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL) are limited. Here, we tested an immunotherapeutic approach based on intratumoral injections of mannan-BAM with toll-like receptor ligands into subcutaneous PHEO in a mouse model. This therapy elicited a strong innate immunity-mediated antitumor response and resulted in a significantly lower PHEO volume compared to the phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-treated group and in a significant improvement in mice survival. The cytotoxic effect of neutrophils, as innate immune cells predominantly infiltrating treated tumors, was verified in vitro. Moreover, the combination of mannan-BAM and toll-like receptor ligands with agonistic anti-CD40 was associated with increased mice survival. Subsequent tumor re-challenge also supported adaptive immunity activation, reflected primarily by long-term tumor-specific memory. These results were further verified in metastatic PHEO, where the intratumoral injections of mannan-BAM, toll-like receptor ligands, and anti-CD40 into subcutaneous tumors resulted in significantly less intense bioluminescence signals of liver metastatic lesions induced by tail vein injection compared to the PBS-treated group. Subsequent experiments focusing on the depletion of T cell subpopulations confirmed the crucial role of CD8+ T cells in inhibition of bioluminescence signal intensity of liver metastatic lesions. These data call for a new therapeutic approach in patients with metastatic PHEO/PGL using immunotherapy that initially activates innate immunity followed by an adaptive immune response.