Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Candidates for the First Year of Studies at the University Level Institution of Physical Education and Their Physical Activity

The research aimed at determining whether the youth taking up studies at a university level institution of physical education are physically active and whether there is a connection with the place of permanent residence, the level of parents’ education, economic situation and whether physical activity has anything to do with the choice of the field of studies. The research involved 1,900 students of full-time studies of the first year at the Academy of Physical Education and Sport in Gdansk. A pro prietary questionnaire including standardized multiple choice answers and open questions was used. The information achieved by means of the questionnaire concerned, among others, socio-demographic characteristics, economic situation, choice of studies and physical activity. The statistical analysis was conducted by means of Statistica 8.0 software (StatSoft Polska). The results indicate the relationship of physical activity before studies of youth taking up education at a university level institution of physical education with their choice of the field of studies as well as with sociodemographic and economic determinants. On the basis of the analysis of research tests presented in this work it can be assumed that parents’ education , place of residence, parents’ economic situation are factors forming the environment in which a young person grows up and his/her need for physical activity is developed.
Dealing with Unknown Priors in Supervised Classification

In this work, we examine minimum expected error-rate and minimum expected cost decision making in the presence of uncertainty about the class priors. More precisely, we train a classifier on a training set, and, once the parameters are estimated, we apply this classifier on new real-world data that have to be labeled. We thus examine the situation in which the a priori probabilities of the classes (priors) in the real-world data set are unknown and are suspected to be different from those encountered in the training set, while the within-class densities remain unchanged (new sampling conditions). This problem is known as the “unbalanced data set problem” in the machine learning community. Various scenarios are considered: (1) the priors of the training set and the real-world data set are the same (simple Bayesian decision making), (2) the priors of the training set and the real-world data set are different but we know these new priors, (3) the priors of the training set and the real-world data set are different, we do not have any knowledge about these new priors, but we can estimate them on the new data set, (4) the priors of the training set and the real-world data set are different and we do not have access to the real-world data set, so that no estimate of the priors can be computed. All these cases are discussed from a decision-making point of view, aiming to optimize the classification results in the new sampling conditions. In particular, we show that when no information at all is available about the sampling conditions (the priors) on which the classification model will be applied, the optimal decision rule is based on the likelihood, that is, equal priors for all classes. This justifies the “rule of thumb” that is usually applied in this situation: to train the classifier with equal proportions of observations from each class. Marco Saerens (the corresponding author) and Nathalie Souchon are with the ISYS Unit (Information Systems Research Unit), IAG, Universite catholique de Louvain, Place des Doyens 1, B-1348 Louvain-laNeuve, Belgium. Email: {saerens, souchon}@isys.ucl. ac.be. Jean-Michel Renders is with the Xerox Research Center Europe, Chemin deMaupertuis 6, 38240 Meylan (Grenoble), France. Email: jean-michel.renders@xrce.xerox. com. Christine Decaestecker is a Senior Research Assistant of the F.N. R.S. and is with the Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/1, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium. Email: cdecaes@ulb.ac.be.
Perceived Cohesion: A Conceptual and Empirical Examination

Most existing measures of cohesion attempt to objectively measure cohesion while neglecting individual group members' perceptions of their cohesion to a particular group. We propose that group members' perceptions of cohesion are important for the behavior of the individual as well as the group as a whole. We offer a theoretical definition of perceived cohesion which says individuals' perceptions of their own cohesion to a group has two dimensions: sense of belonging and feelings of morale. We test this conceptualization and the adequacy of our Perceived Cohesion Scale in two random samples: students at a small college notedfor its strong "school spirit" and residents of a mnidsized city. Our confirmatory factor analyses indicate a two-factor model, with a high degree of invariance across the two samples, and with the two dimensions correlated over . 90 in both. However, as anticipated, perceived cohesion is significantly higher in the college than the city sample.
Buzzwords at play: gender, education, and political participation in Kenya

The discourse around development is full of buzzwords, including gender and a myriad of variants that underscore the importance of development policies addressing gender imbalances. Despite their prevalence in development policy and research, terminology related to gender is often used broadly, inappropriately, and without nuance. For international education policy in particular, discussions related to gender equality and equity in education are engaged in such a way that assumes shared meanings between policy designers and policy recipients. Using Kenya as a site of analysis, and in the spirit of a vertical case study for data collection, this study explores how the abstractness of a buzzword functions in the microcosm of the school classroom. In comparing gendered representations in textbooks with students' perceptions of those representations to explore how development discourse plays out in Kenyan schools, findings here demonstrate that there is minimal impact due to textbooks' mixed messages, reinforcing women's marginal position in community and political engagement and demonstrating that broad-based understandings of gender empowerment are not always translated in application.
Treatment of Schatzker Type V and VI Tibial Plateau Fractures Using a Midline Longitudinal Incision and Dual Plating

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of the treatment of Schatzker type V and VI tibial plateau fractures using a midline longitudinal incision and dual-plate fixation. Materials and Methods Ten patients with Schatzker type V and VI tibial plateau fractures treated with a midline longitudinal incision and dual plating were analyzed. The patients were followed for a minimum of one year. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using range of motion, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Knee Society Score. Radiological outcomes were evaluated using the bony union time, medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and posterior proximal tibial angle (PPTA). Results The mean VAS score was 2.2 points, and the mean Knee Society function score was 85 points at the final follow-up. The mean flexion contracture was 2.5° and the mean further flexion was 125°. It took an average of 4 months until bony union occurred. The mean MPTA and PPTA were 90.5° and 4.4°, respectively. There was one case of delayed wound healing, but no other complications were observed. Conclusions The treatment of Schatzker type V and VI tibial plateau fractures with a midline longitudinal incision and dual-plate fixation resulted in satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes. This can be an option when treating Schatzker type V and VI tibial plateau fractures.
Delineato: A Diagramming User Interface Designed Using a "What You Get is What You Need" Approach

Featuritis or creeping featurism is the tendency for the number of features in a product (usually software product) to rise with each release of the product. Most of the time featurism adds unnecessary complexity to a software product. Therefore, some software designers have recently embraced a minimalistic approach to creating their products by presenting users with very focused, simple software that allows them to conduct their tasks in a distraction-free user interface. However, they achieve this at the expense of cutting down on features, i.e. functionality. Our contribution's value stems from a design approach that overcomes this major difficulty, and is capable of presenting a distraction-free user interface that is also extremely powerful from a functionality perspective. We illustrate and evaluate our approach through a novel distraction-free diagramming tool called Delineato. The user interface presents the user with the tools needed at the right time to avoid cluttering and leads to significant performance increases when compared to other tools.
Mycorrhizal Fungal-Plant-Insect Interactions: The Importance of a Community Approach *

ABSTRACT Mycorrhizal fungi and insects are important components of most ecosystems that are likely to interact with one another indirectly through a common host plant. In this paper, we review the literature examining the effects of insects on mycorrhizal fungi and the effects of mycorrhizal fungi on insects and show that both groups of organisms can indirectly and, occasionally directly, influence each other. We explore the mechanisms for these interactions and test a recently proposed model predicting mycorrhizal fungal community responses to herbivory. We emphasize the results of several recent studies that showed that experiments conducted in isolation are unlikely to predict the outcome of interactions between insects, plants, and mycorrhizal fungi, and we highlight the need for a community approach to the study of mycorrhizal fungal-plant-insect interactions.
Hybrid detection based on energy and entropy analysis as a novel approach for spectrum sensing

Detection of weak signals has become the study of particular importance as a consequence of the ongoing technology development in many different fields such as more efficient radio communication or reaching further exploration in astrophysics. Its main task still remains spectrum sensing, which is detecting the weak signals hidden in the noise. Among the well-known methods most commonly used remains energy detection, extended in the following years to double thresholding or cooperative sensing by multiple receivers. The authors of the article propose the innovative hybrid detection, where cooperation is realized on the basis of two independent methods within a single receiver. In the studied case of detection, the energy associated with equally simple analysis of entropy allows to improve the detection results in a changing radio environment. Reasonability of the proposed approach is confirmed by the results achieved in experimental detection system.
Optimisation Process for Maintaining Evolvability during Software Evolution

Software systems have to be changed continuously and evolutionarily throughout the whole time of their development and usage. Meanwhile, the software systems have to remain flexible in order to retain the ability to be extended by additional new features or to be changed. To maintain this ability, known as evolvability, the architecture of such software systems and its evolution must be continuously controlled and, if necessary improved. Existing design methodologies do not provide sufficient support for controlling the evolvability. One reason for this is, that in comparison with software maintainability, evolvability characteristics are hardly defined. This paper discusses evolvability, and introduces a quality model for it. Furthermore, a meta-model-based process for controlling and optimising the evolvability characteristics of software baselines is presented. The feasibility of this approach is shown by a case study based on the results from its implementation in large industrial projects.
The Influence of Offsets on Real-time performance in Switched Multihop Networks.

High performance real-time applications have become and will continue to be anintegral part of today’s world. With this comes the requirement to provide reliablecommunication networks for these applications requiring real-time guarantees.Depending on the specific application the requirements vary and adapting to allthese requirements is important.Ethernet is a commonly used communication medium in these real-time applicationnetworks because of the advantages it provides with its simplicity, which comesalong with lower cost and higher bit rates. However since Ethernet was notspecifically designed for real-time applications, it has been under constant study inorder provide the required QoS (Quality of Service) requirements for theapplication.In this thesis our aim is to provide a less pessimistic approach to the real-timeanalysis of packet switched networks by the use of knowledge about the offsetintroduced to the packets travelling in the network. Therefore we have taken aspecific application with high real-time requirements, namely a radar application.We are using the available data to simulate and analyze the network’s performanceunder the use of offsets. The analysis is done by calculating some of the commonlyused QoS requirements such as end to end delay, deadline miss ratio and link utilization.
Enacting and Justifying Local Reforms: Implications for Understanding Change in Educational Organizations

This article argues that the processes of enactment and justification comprise two key, underdeveloped aspects of sensemaking theory as applied to educational organizations. Enactment and justification are illustrated using examples drawn from a school that significantly changed the way in which it coordinated reading instruction. Examples drawn from the school demonstrate that teachers and administrators enacted an environment around reading instruction and singled out various aspects of their redesign efforts to justify the expansion of their continually developing reading program. The ways in which enactment and justification can be used to better understand change processes in educational organizations are discussed.
Anonymous User Revocation for Using Attribute-Based Signature in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing provides elastic, on-demand, self-provisioning computing resources to users. Highly dynamic and heterogeneous environments present significant challenges to access control. Attribute-based signature (ABS) enables fine grained access control over an expressive access policy (predicate). However, user revocation, especially anonymous user revocation, is not straightforward to provide for existing ABS schemes. In this paper we propose an anonymous revocation feature for an ABS scheme that is practical to deploy in a cloud environment.
High-Dimensional Dynamics in the Delayed Henon Map

A variant of the Henon map is described in which the linear term is replaced by one that involves a much earlier iterate of the map. By varying the time delay, this map can be used to explore the transition from low-dimensional to high-dimensional dynamics in a chaotic system with minimal algebraic complexity, including a detailed comparison of the Kaplan-Yorke and correlation dimensions. The high-dimensional limit exhibits universal features that may characterize a wide range of complex systems including the spawning of multiple coexisting attractors near the onset of chaos. c
Are music performance anxiety and performance boost perceived as extremes of the same continuum?

Music performance anxiety (MPA) is considered non-beneficial but its debilitating aspects are not directly addressed in current questionnaires (“general MPA”). Together with general MPA, we assessed “debilitating MPA” with questions about aspects that debilitate musical performance. In addition, since musicians often experience a beneficial aspect of MPA in the form of a performance boost, we assessed this boost with additional questionnaire items. The first goal of our questionnaire survey was to investigate whether general MPA is perceived as part of the same continuum as performance boost. Our second goal was to determine which aspects of MPA may lead to a downward spiral of a musical career. The results of our questionnaire survey of 320 professional and student musicians show that general MPA does not lie at the other end of the spectrum of boost. Instead, debilitating MPA with a weak career impact was influenced by boost and performance confidence. Debilitating MPA with a strong career impact was influenced by health and mental distress. Debilitating and general MPA were related to perceived pressure, whereas boost was related to perceived support. Perceived pressure and support might be more accessible anchor points in the treatment of MPA, and in the maintenance of a stimulating level of boost.
A Comparison of Self-, Peer, and Assessor Evaluations of Managerial Potential

Self-, peer, and assessor evaluations in an assessment center were compared to determine whether these three sources utilized the same types of performance information when making overall assessments of managerial potential. Peer and assessor evaluations were expected to show more similarity in terms of information usage than either source would show with self-evaluations. Participants were 186 employees of a large petroleum company rated in an assessment center. Self-, peer, and assessor evaluations were made on six performance dimensions and on overall managerial potential. Results supported the first hypothesis that self-assessments of managerial potential would be based to a greater extent on information not generated in the assessment center (due to preexisting knowledge of the self) than would peer and assessor evaluations. However, the second hypothesis was not supported since assessors and peers weighted the six performance dimensions least similarly, contrary to predictions that self-ratings would be least similar. The impact of the rating context (job versus assessment center) was discussed as a possible explanation for the unexpected similarity of selfevaluations with both peer and assessor evaluations in the present study. Historically, research on ratings of performance dimensions in the Industrial/Organizational Psychology literature has emphasized accurate measurement. Disagreement among rating sources (e.g., self-, peer, and assessor or supervisor) has long been viewed as problematic and as indicative of both rating bias and lack of construct validity. Furthermore.
Skeletal muscle glycogen content in patients with cirrhosis

We investigated stable cirrhotic patients for muscle glycogen content. Muscle biopsy samples were taken of 14 patients after overnight fasting. Electron microscopy showed normal intracellular distribution of glycogen (n=8). Muscle glycogen concentration was 16.5 ± 7.1 gm/kg wet muscle weight (normal range, 10 to 20 gm/kg). Basal, early postabsorptive, exerciseinduced and insulin‐induced respiratory quotients as well as insulin sensitivity (euglycemic clamp technique, 7.2 pmol insulin/kg body weight/min) and glucose tolerance were assessed. The glucose disposal rate was 23.0 ± 10.1 μmol/kg/min (mean ± S.D.), indicating moderate insulin resistance in these patients. We found no association between basal muscle glycogen content and basal or postprandial respiratory quotient, insulin sensitivity, nutritional status or glucose tolerance. However, there was a positive correlation between muscle glycogen content and exercise, as well as insulin‐induced respiratory quotient (r=0.651, p<0.03 and r=0.587, p<0.03, respectively). We conclude that postabsorptive muscle glycogen stores, which are effectively maintained in patients with cirrhosis, are one determinant of exercise‐induced and insulin‐induced whole body fuel metabolism in these patients. (Hepatology 1994;20:135–141.)
Culture change models and resident health outcomes in long-term care.

PURPOSE To examine the scientific evidence for the effect of comprehensive culture change model implementation on resident health outcomes in long-term care. DESIGN In this integrated review, an electronic literature search was conducted for studies that examined the effect of comprehensive culture change models on long-term care residents' physical and psychosocial health. METHODS Eleven articles were thoroughly reviewed for outcomes related to resident health, and findings were integrated across models. Each study was assigned a level of evidence rating using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network guidelines and an overall recommendation grade was determined. FINDINGS Evaluation of the literature indicates that results are conflicting, although potential resident benefits as a result of model implementation may exist, particularly in regard to psychosocial health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Evidence regarding long-term care residents' health outcomes after comprehensive culture change model implementation is inconsistent, and the grade of the evidence makes practice recommendations difficult at this time. However, integrated findings across studies demonstrate potential psychosocial benefits to long-term care residents. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nurses working in long-term care play a crucial role in the success of culture change initiatives as well as the health outcomes of residents. Empirical evidence for the effect of comprehensive culture change models on resident health outcomes supports reasonable expectations of their implementation and indicates areas for future research and translation into practice.
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation enhances hippocampal functionality in aged mice

As major components of neuronal membranes, omega-3 polyunsaturated acids (n-3 PUFA) exhibit a wide range of regulatory functions, modulating from synaptic plasticity to neuroinflammation, from oxidative stress to neuroprotection. Recent human and animal studies indicated the n-3 PUFA neuroprotective properties in aging, with a clear negative correlation between n-3 PUFA levels and hippocampal deficits. The present multidimensional study was aimed at associating cognition, hippocampal neurogenesis, volume, neurodegeneration and metabolic correlates to verify n-3 PUFA neuroprotective effects in aging. To this aim 19 month-old mice were given n-3 PUFA mixture, or olive oil or no dietary supplement for 8 weeks during which hippocampal-dependent mnesic functions were tested. At the end of behavioral testing morphological and metabolic correlates were analyzed. n-3 PUFA supplemented aged mice exhibited better object recognition memory, spatial and localizatory memory, and aversive response retention, without modifications in anxiety levels in comparison to controls. These improved hippocampal cognitive functions occurred in the context of an enhanced cellular plasticity and a reduced neurodegeneration. In fact, n-3 PUFA supplementation increased hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic arborization of newborn neurons, volume, neuronal density and microglial cell number, while it decreased apoptosis, astrocytosis and lipofuscin accumulation in the hippocampus. The increased levels of some metabolic correlates (blood Acetyl-L-Carnitine and brain n-3 PUFA concentrations) found in n-3 PUFA supplemented mice also pointed toward an effective neuroprotection. On the basis of the present results n-3 PUFA supplementation appears to be a useful tool in health promotion and cognitive decline prevention during aging.
Flexible Planning: A Key to the Management of Multiple Innovations

Schools in England and Wales are currently faced with the implementation of a plethora of change. On the basis of recent exploratory research the author, a lecturer in the National Development Centre for Educational Management and Policy at the University of Bristol, proposes a model of flexible planning for the management of multiple innovations. Such an approach, he suggests, can help schools to cope with an increasingly turbulent environment in a way in which a procedure which over-relies upon the production of annual development plans may not.