Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Null Frequency Jamming of Dynamic Routing in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Distributed network protocols operate similar to periodic state machines, utilizing internal states and timers, for network coordination. This creates opportunities for carefully engineered radio jamming to target the protocol operating periods and disrupt network communications. Such periodic attacks targeting specific protocol period/frequency of operation is referred to as Null Frequency Jamming (NFJ). In this paper, we investigate NFJ targeted at the on-demand route recovery procedure, which is a crucial functionality for ad-hoc network operation. We use DSR as the example routing protocol. Our mathematical analysis and simulation results show substantial degradation in network throughput at certain null frequencies, where the jamming periodicity self-synchronizes with the route recovery cycle. Using simulations, we also demonstrate an effective countermeasure, randomized route-recovery periods, for eliminating the presence of predictable null frequencies and mitigating the impact of NFJ.
Interaction of a nodule specific, trans‐acting factor with distinct DNA elements in the soybean leghaemoglobin Ibc3 5′ upstream region

Nuclear extracts from soybean nodules, leaves and roots were used to investigate protein–DNA interactions in the 5′ upstream (promoter) region of the soybean leghaemoglobin lbc3 gene. Two distinct regions were identified which strongly bind a nodule specific factor. A Bal31 deletion analysis delimited the DNA elements responsible for the binding of this factor, which map at nucleotides –223 to –246 (element 1) and –161 to –176 (element 2), relative to the start point of transcription. Competition experiments strongly suggest that both elements bind to the same nodule specific factor, but with different affinities. Elements 1 and 2 share a common motif, although their AT‐rich DNA sequences differ. Element 2 is highly conserved at an analogous position in other soybean lb gene 5′ upstream regions.
Emotion prediction of news articles from reader's perspective based on multi-label classification

Most studies on emotion analysis and detection focus on the writer's perspective while emotion prediction is a kind emotion analysis from the reader's perspective. The existing emotion prediction techniques are primarily based on single label classification. Considering that many reader emotions are the combination of more than one base emotion, in this study, the reader emotion prediction is regarded as a multi-label classification problem. Various multi-label classification algorithms, problem transformation methods and various feature selection methods are investigated to classify the input documents into categories corresponding to different reader's emotions. The evaluations on a large-scale user-generated emotion corpus show that the random k-label sets classifier (RAkEL) with the feature selection based on the intersection of chi-square statistics and document frequency performs best.
Return Volatility and Trading Volume: An Information Flow Interpretation of Stochastic Volatility

This paper develops an empirical return volatility-trading volume model from a microstructure framework in which informational asymmetries and liquidity needs motivate trade in response to information arrivals. The resulting system modifies the so-called 'mixture of distribution hypothesis' (MDH). The dynamic features are governed by the information flow, modeled as a stochastic volatility process, and generalize standard autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity specifications. Specification tests support the modified MDH representation and show that it vastly outperforms the standard MDH. The findings suggest that the model may be useful for analysis of the economic factors behind the observed volatility clustering in returns. Copyright 1996 by American Finance Association.
Outsource Evaluation and Selection in Software Outsourcing Risk Management

Outsourcing software development has many advantages as well as inevitable risks. Of these risks, outsourcee selection is one of the most important. A wrong outsourcee selection may have severe negative influence on the expected outcome of the project. Within the framework of software development project risk management, we analysized the risks involved in outsourcee selection and also provided methods to identify these risks. Using the principles of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Cluster Analysis based on Group Decision Making, we established an index evaluation system to evaluate and select outsourcees. Real world applications of this system demonstrated its effectiveness in evaluating and selecting qualified outsourcees.
What will we know on Tuesday at 7pm

On the evening of November 8, 1988, I was working with my colleague Gary King in his Harvard office. Gary somehow had gotten his hands on a pair of tickets to Michael Dukakis’s victory party in Boston, and we were trying to decide whether to go. Dukakis was expected to lose, but . who could say, right? We had the TV on, and the first state to report, at 7pm, was Kentucky, which Bush had won by over 10 points. Gary informed me that the election was over: Kentucky, at the time, was near the political center of America, and there was no way that Dukakis would do much better nationally than he did in Kentucky. So we saved ourselves a subway ride and kept on working.
Eliminating Angular Dispersion in Microcavity by Employing Metamaterials With Hyperbolic Dispersion as Reflectors

Microcavity typically exhibits a blue shift of the resonance with the angle increasing, which may bring disadvantages in related applications. Herein, we propose a design concept of eliminating the angular dispersion in microcavity by employing metamaterials with hyperbolic dispersion as reflectors. By exploiting optimal constitutive parameters of the metamaterials, the reflection phase from the cavity upon both metamaterial reflectors increases drastically with the incident angle, and can nearly compensate the decrement of the phase accumulation inside the cavity for each angle. A microcavity without angular dispersion is therefore established, in which the metamaterials may be realized by employing metal-dielectric multilayered structures in practice.
Volatility is rough

Estimating volatility from recent high frequency data, we revisit the question of the smoothness of the volatility process. Our main result is that log-volatility behaves essentially as a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst exponent H of order 0.1, at any reasonable timescale. This leads us to adopt the fractional stochastic volatility (FSV) model of Comte and Renault [Long memory in continuous-time stochastic volatility models. Math. Finance, 1998, 8(4), 291–323]. We call our model Rough FSV (RFSV) to underline that, in contrast to FSV, . We demonstrate that our RFSV model is remarkably consistent with financial time series data; one application is that it enables us to obtain improved forecasts of realized volatility. Furthermore, we find that although volatility is not a long memory process in the RFSV model, classical statistical procedures aiming at detecting volatility persistence tend to conclude the presence of long memory in data generated from it. This sheds light on why long memory of volatility has been widely accepted as a stylized fact.
Essays on Health Financing for the Poor

Health systems aim to improve population health. Despite global efforts, millions of children still die every year from vaccine preventable diseases and undernutrition attributed deaths. Moreover, about 293,000 maternal deaths occurred in 2013. The sources of these deaths include various inequalities such as vaccine coverage, nutritional status, and health services utilization. In order to make progress toward mortality reduction, we need to address the sources that are most likely to affect the poorest. One strategy is conditional cash transfers (CCTs), which provides cash payments in exchange for compliance with health-related conditionality. This dissertation explores evidence from two large randomized experiments in Indonesia, PKH (a large-scale household CCT) and Generasi (a large-scale incentivized community block grant). Chapter two investigates whether PKH improves vaccination coverage among poor children. After two years of implementation, the results show that PKH leads to significant increase in vaccination coverage for all vaccine types among children younger than 12 months old. The evidence also suggests that PKH is equity enhancing by reducing the differences in vaccination coverage between children living in more and less supply-ready areas and children of more and less educated mothers. Chapter three investigates the impact of PKH and Generasi on child food intake. The results show that both programs increase child food intake particularly for protein-rich items.
An empirical study of entrepreneurial orientation and degree of internationalization of small and medium‐sized Chinese manufacturing enterprises

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a reliable and valid understanding of entrepreneurship and examine the relationships between small and medium‐sized Chinese manufacturing enterprises, the intensity of their entrepreneurial orientation and the degree of their internationalization. In addition, it examines whether entrepreneurial orientation would affect enterprises' internationalization strategies and their success.Design/methodology/approach – The seven‐step procedure for scale development is used and survey data have been utilized to conduct statistical analysis.Findings – The paper finds that entrepreneurial orientation is positively related to the degree of internationalization, particularly amongst the small and medium‐sized Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The international experiences of enterprises have significant importance and positively affect the degree of their internationalization. In addition, the degree of their success depends greatly on their attitudes towards risk tak.
SOCIAL MEDIA AS CORRELATE OF PROSTITUTION AMONG STUDENTS OF HIGHER INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

This study sought to determine the relationship between social media and prostitution among students of institutions of higher learning in Delta State, Nigeria. The population comprised the approximate 150,000 students studying in various institutions of higher learning in Delta State. From this population, 3,438 students were selected as sample. Survey and questionnaire were used respectively as method and instrument of data collection. The findings indicated that the students use social media significantly for prostitution. There was a significant relationship between the students‟ use of social media and their involvement in prostitution. There was also a significant relationship between the students‟ gender and their use of social media for prostitution. The study recommends that the authorities of the selected institutions, Non–Governmental Organizations and the government should mount orientation programmes and formulate policies to discourage the students from using social media for negative purpose. Keywords: Prostitution, Social media, Students, Higher institutions, Delta state
McHouse prices, capital hoovering, and real exchange rate exposures

House prices are both cause and effect of the real exchange rate. In the form of implied rentals or service prices, they are a good proxy for non tradables prices, which in turn are signs of generalised expenditure inflation and hence underlying real exchange rate pressures. The causal impact is because rising house prices suck in offshore funding, markedly so in recent times, creating a capital account driven nominal exchange rate. The hoovering effect is responsive to interest rate differentials, leading to a more focused view of the role of uncovered interest parity, as an offshore response to internally generated demand for funds rather than externally generated hot money chasing spot rate margins. The overall result is likely to be chronic macroeconomic instability over the inter run, creating challenges for corporate risk management, monetary control and industrial policy.
Question Answering with SQuAD : Variations on Multi-Perspective Context Matching

We implement multi-perspective context matching for the task of questionanswering on the SQuAD dataset and explore a variety of modifications to this core architecture. In our first modification, we compare the performance of GRUs with that of LSTMs in the original model. Next we attempt to predict the answer’s start index and length rather than its start and end indices. Finally, we introduce a variation of attention which we call “question summaries” into the model. This last modification proves most fruitful.
I. Functional Properties of Isolated Stroma and Epithelium from Rat Ventral Prostate during Androgen Deprivation and Estrogen Treatment

To identify the functional activities of prostatic stroma under different hormonal conditions, isolated stroma and epithelium from rat ventral prostate (RVP, intact or one week castrated or estrogen-treated), were studied in metabolic labeling experiments. Using a semiquantitative stereological procedure, the relative proportion of the epithelial and stromal compartment was determined in situ. In addition, the distribution of the androgen receptor was visualized by in situ hybridization and by immunocytochemistry. In castrated animals protein biosynthesis of the stroma and epithelium exceeded the control value by a factor 7 and 5, respectively. In estrogen-treated animals protein biosynthesis was reduced, reaching only between one tenth and one fifth of the control value. The amount of stroma obtained from these animals was very low. These results were confirmed by stereological findings and indicate a differential regulation of prostatic stroma and epithelium after estrogen challenge and androgen deprivation. Estrogen receptor was induced in epithelium and stroma in estrogenized animals whereas the androgen receptor was reduced in experimental specimens. During estrogenization the biosynthetic activity of both stroma and epithelium is depressed, while estrogen responsivity of the epithelium in terms of estrogen receptor expression is increased. Androgen withdrawal results in active transformation of the gland through increased stromal biosynthetic activity and epithelial regression.
Impacts of monetary and real factors on the US dollar in identifiable VAR models

A importância de forcas monetarias e comparada aquela de fatores reais na detenninacao do valor da taxa de câmbio do dolar norte-americano. Analises de impulsos e a decomposicao de variância de previsao sao realizadas dentro de um modelo de auto-regressao vetorial identificavel A identificacao e obtida mediante uso de um modelo de ativo ecletico de determinacao de taxa de câmbio. Tanto fatores reais (relacionados a conta corrente) como monetarios (que operam via mercados monetarios/fmanceiros) mostraram-se muito relevantes para explicar o comportamento da taxa de câmbio do dolar norte-americano nas duas ultimas decadas.
Determinants of capital structure: an empirical evaluation from India

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the key determinants of capital structure for Indian manufacturing firms and which theory implications, i.e. trade off vs pecking order are more applicable in current Indian manufacturing sector scenario. Design/methodology/approach – A sample size of 422 listed Indian manufacturing companies on Bombay Stock Exchange has been considered to do the empirical evaluation. A ten year period from 2003-2004 to 2012-2013 and annual financial standalone data have been considered for study. Ratio analysis and panel data approach have been applied to perform the empirical evaluation. Total debt to total capital and total debt to total assets are used as the proxy for firm financial leverage. Findings – It was empirically found that size, age, asset tangibility, growth, profitability, non-debt tax shield, business risk, uniqueness and ownership structure are significantly correlated with the firm financial leverage or key determinants of capital structure in Indian manu.
Triple Store Using HBase and Hive

The growth of web data has presented new challenges regarding the ability to effectively query RDF data. Traditional relational database systems efficiently scale and query distributed data. With the development of Hadoop its implementation of the MapReduce Framework along with HBase, a NoSQL data store, the semantics of processing and querying data has changed. Given the existing structure of SPARQL, we devised and are continuing to develop a means to query RDF data effectively. By using HBase as a data store and HiveQL as the query generator, we implement a prototype intermediate translator which will generate HiveQL given a SPARQL query. This HiveQL query will then return data from our distributed HBase store.
Selecting the neighbourhood size, shape, weights and model order in optical flow estimation

Local methods have long been used to estimate optical flow by fitting measurements in a small neighbourhood to a simple model. What is less well known are procedures to choose the neighbourhood size, weights and model order. In this paper, we show that the choice of these local model tuning variables can have a significant effect on the flow estimate. The optimal choice of these variables will depend on the image content, the noise level and the type of motion in the sequence. Hence, the development of a data-driven selection method is important research goal. This paper presents such a procedure based on Stein's unbiased risk estimators (SURE).
Targeted activation of the SHP-1/PP2A signaling axis elicits apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells

Lyn, a member of the Src family of kinases, is a key factor in the dysregulation of survival and apoptotic pathways of malignant B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. One of the effects of Lyn’s action is spatial and functional segregation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 into two pools, one beneath the plasma membrane in an active state promoting pro-survival signals, the other in the cytosol in an inhibited conformation and unable to counter the elevated level of cytosolic tyrosine phosphorylation. We herein show that SHP-1 activity can be elicited directly by nintedanib, an agent also known as a triple angiokinase inhibitor, circumventing the phospho-S591-dependent inhibition of the phosphatase, leading to the dephosphorylation of pro-apoptotic players such as procaspase-8 and serine/threonine phosphatase 2A, eventually triggering apoptosis. Furthermore, the activation of PP2A by using MP07-66, a novel FTY720 analog, stimulated SHP-1 activity via dephosphorylation of phospho-S591, which unveiled the existence of a positive feedback signaling loop involving the two phosphatases. In addition to providing further insights into the molecular basis of this disease, our findings indicate that the PP2A/SHP-1 axis may emerge as an attractive, novel target for the development of alternative strategies in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Seasonality, returns and volatility on the Stock Exchange of Mauritius

This article investigates the effects of any seasonality on stock market returns and volatility on the Stock Exchange of Mauritius. A standard GARCH model was used on daily SEMDEX returns from 1998 to 2006. The results obtained indicate that the return series are leptokurtic, indicating a higher peak and a thicker tail than a normal distribution. Also, the mean returns on Fridays seem to be the highest while average returns on Mondays turn out to be insignificant. Finally, significant effects of weekdays were found on the conditional variance on the stock returns.
Making sense of the past: The embodied information practices of field archaeologists

This paper reports the findings of a study of the information practices of archaeologists, students and volunteers undertaking an excavation in the field. Conceptually, the study was guided by a social constructionist and practice-theoretical epistemological standpoint. Methodologically, the study employed a multi-faceted approach incorporating both ethnographic observation of archaeologists working in the field and in-depth interviews. The findings show that participants’ practices were both social and embodied in nature.
SECONDARY PRICE FORMATION OF IPOs ON THE FIRST TRADING DAY IN THE SPANISH MARKET

This study analyses the secondary price formation process of IPOs on the first trading day for a sample of 67 IPOs placed on the Spanish stock market. Our findings, after stating that the undervaluation does not go beyond the first trading day and that the intraday or secondary (open-toclose) return is significantly positive, show that intraday price variation, observed through open-to-close return variable, is not related to the offer and firm characteristics. Nevertheless, the influence of the primary market over the secondary price formation process on the first trading day is quite evident. In particular, we observe that the combination of cold and primary (offer-to-open) return variables allows us to partly explain the intraday price variation and that our results are fully consistent with the price support arguments for cold IPOs and, to a lesser degree, the casca de effect for hot IPOs.
Structure of the extracellular domains of the human interleukin-6 receptor α-chain

Dysregulated production of IL-6 and its receptor (IL-6R) are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma, autoimmune diseases and prostate cancer. The IL-6R complex comprises two molecules each of IL-6, IL-6R, and the signaling molecule, gp130. Here, we report the x-ray structure (2.4 Å) of the IL-6R ectodomains. The N-terminal strand of the Ig-like domain (D1) is disulfide-bonded to domain D2, and domains D2 and D3, the cytokine-binding domain, are structurally similar to known cytokine-binding domains. The head-to-tail packing of two closely associated IL-6R molecules observed in the crystal may be representative of the configuration of the physiological dimer of IL-6R and provides new insight into the architecture of the IL-6R complex.
The Ongoing Impact of the US-China Air Services Agreements (ASAs) on Air Passenger Markets

Previous research has indicated that liberal air services agreements (ASAs) lead to more passengers. Using time-series regression models, this study extends those findings by looking more closely at the evolving ASAs between the United States and China during 1996–2009. Our results indicate that while liberal ASAs generally lead to increased passengers, the extent of this impact depends on the general state of liberalization when the agreement is signed. In addition, this study shows that the benefits of liberalization may not be evenly apportioned between the two countries of carriers.
Major update to ACM's Computing Classification System

A CM has CoMpleted a major update of its Computing Classification System (CCS), which has served as the de facto standard for classifying the computing literature since 1964. NYU professor Zvi Kedem served as Editor-in-Chief of this special CCS Update Project, leading a group of 120 computing specialists— a third of whom are ACM Fellows—to collaborate with ACM staff and Silverchair Information Systems, Virginiabased specialists in ontology development and semantic markup. The 2012 version of the CCS reflects a year-long team effort that included two review stages and many iterations. The vendor created first drafts using inter alia user search logs from the ACM Digital Library; machine analysis of DL texts and of author-supplied keyword