Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meaning , Sound , and Syntax : Lexical Priming in Sentence Production

Theories of sentence production based on speech errors divide lexical-syntactic integration p ro cesses into two components. The first involves formulating an abstract structural representation that includes semantically specified lexical items. The second involves placing phonologically specified content words into a syntactic frame whose configuration is determined by the initial structural representation. Syntactic form thus may be influenced directly by variations in the semantic processing of words, but not by variations in phonological processing. This hypothesis was tested and supported in two experiments. In both, participants produced extemporaneous picture descriptions. Production of each description was preceded by the presentation of a priming word that was semantically or phonologically related to a target word likely to occur in the description. Semantically primed targets tended to appear as the subjects of active and passive sentences, whereas the same targets when they were not primed were more likely to appear as the objects. Phonological priming, although equal to semantic priming in ability to elicit the target words, was not reliably related to syntactic form.
Southern Ocean isopycnal mixing and ventilation changes driven by winds

Observed and predicted changes in the strength of the westerly winds blowing over the Southern Ocean have motivated a number of studies on the response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC) to wind perturbations and led to the hypothesis of the “eddy compensation” regime, wherein the MOC becomes insensitive to wind changes. In addition to the MOC, tracer transport also depends on mixing processes. Here we show, in a high‐resolution process model, that isopycnal mixing by mesoscale eddies is strongly dependent on the wind strength. This dependence can be explained by mixing length theory and is driven by increases in eddy kinetic energy; the mixing length does not change strongly in our simulation. Simulation of a passive ventilation tracer (analogous to CFCs or anthropogenic CO2) demonstrates that variations in tracer uptake across experiments are dominated by changes in isopycnal mixing, rather than changes in the MOC. We argue that to properly understand tracer uptake under different wind‐forcing scenarios, the sensitivity of isopycnal mixing to winds must be accounted for.
Electroresponsive Polymer–Carbon Nanotube Hydrogel Hybrids for Pulsatile Drug Delivery In Vivo

Drug release triggered by an external non-invasive stimulus is of great interest for the development of new drug delivery systems. The preparation of an electroresponsive multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly(methylacrylic acid) (MWNT/PMAA)-based hybrid material is reported. The hydrogel hybrids achieve a controlled drug release upon the ON/OFF application of an electric field, giving rise to in vitro and in vivo pulsatile release profiles.
C 3 b-Independent Complement Activation in Ischemia / ReperfusionMesenteric Tissue Injury in Autoimmune Prone ( B 6 . MRL / lpr ) Mice

Complement plays a critical role in the development of tissue injury in systemic lupus erythematosus. The B6.MRL/lpr mouse, an autoimmune prone mouse, exhibits accelerated and intensified tissue injury in the ischemia/reperfusion (IR) model. It has been demonstrated in nonautoimmune mice that inhibition of complement attenuates inflammatory tissue injury in IR models. The role of complement is not as clear in the B6.MRL/lpr strain. B6.MRL/lpr-C3 deficient animals are susceptible to injury, but long-term use of C3 inhibitors in B6.MRL/lpr-C3 competent animals restrained the development of nephritis. To clarify the role of complement in the B6.MRL/lpr strain, initial and midpathway inhibitors were evaluated. C1 inhibition attenuated tissue injury, thrombin deposition, and C5a generation in the B6.MRL/lpr strain. Downstream of C1 inhibition of C3 activation by administration of cobra venom factor suppressed IR injury in immune competent mice, but was not as effective in B6.MRL/lpr mice. C3 levels in both strains were decreased after cobra venom factor treatment; however, C5a generation, thrombin deposition, and tissue injury were observed in the B6.MRL/lpr strain. These studies suggest that in the B6.MRL/lpr autoimmune prone strain C1 activation leads to C3-dependent and C3-independent pathways of complement activation.
Effect of melatonin on temporal changes of reactive oxygen species and glutathione after MPP+ treatment in human astrocytoma U373MG cells

Abstract: 1‐Methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+) ion, a toxic metabolite of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine, is produced by monoamine oxidase B in astrocytes. MPP+ causes a selective dopaminergic neurodegeneration, the pathophysiologic hallmark of Parkinson disease. However, the toxic effect of MPP+ on astrocytes remains unclear. Here, we examined the effect of MPP+ on human astrocytoma U373MG cells, with particular attention to the temporal interaction of glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2O2 and O). MPP+ induced astrocyte apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner 48 hr after treatment. Distinctive early (<6 hr) and late (24–48 hr) responses were observed. ROS production and the oxidized GSH (GSSG)/GSH ratio, indicators of oxidative stress, rose dramatically after 24 hr of MPP+ exposure, whereas the H2O2 level transiently decreased at 6 hr. ROS overproduction and GSH dysfunction were concomitantly associated with caspase‐3 activation and finally led to cell apoptosis. Moreover, GSH depletion by diethyl maleate, but not buthionine sulfoximine, caused cells to die quickly and potentiated the cytotoxicity of MPP+. Co‐treatment with melatonin, a known antioxidant secreted by the pineal gland, significantly prevented cell apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and caspase‐3 activation, but it did not affect that the early changes due to MPP+ treatment. Our results demonstrate that in astrocytes, GSH is involved in the early decrease and late increase in ROS levels induced by MPP+ treatment. Melatonin remedies the dysfunction of GSH system to block caspase‐3 activation and cell apoptosis induced by oxidative stress during the long‐term exposure of MPP+.
Sensors for Applications in Magnetic Resonance Environments

This paper analyzes sensing methods compatible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) reported in the literature, and presents the three generations of MR-compatible force/torque sensors we have developed for robotic systems to interact with human motion. Conventional sensors such as camera-based measurement systems, strain gauges or commercial force/torque sensors, and optical encoders may be used, if placed sufficiently away from the imaging region and equipped with adequate shielding and filtering in order to minimize electromagnetic interference caused by electric cables, the transducer, and electronics of surrounding equipment. However, electromagnetic interference can be avoided by using light transmission over optical fibers, in which case sensitive and noisy electronic components can be placed outside the MR room, and the MR compatibility issue is restricted to the used materials. Good performance can be obtained with sensing elements made from materials adapted to the location of use, combined with reflected or differential light intensity measurement over optical fibers. We have developed various force and position sensors based on this principle, ranging from MR Safe (for a definition and discussion of the terms MR Safe and MR Conditional, see Gassert , IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag., pp. 12--14, May/Jun. 2008) milled polymer probes to MR Conditional assemblies combining beryllium copper blades with a polymer body, as well as smaller aluminum probes realized through a combination of milling and electric discharge machining. It appears that, in contrast to actuators, good performance is not in tradeoff with MR compatibility.
Storage potential of the Local Virtual Power Plant based on μCHP-devices

Micro-Combined-Heat-and-Power-Plants (μCHP) are one of the key technologies for the energy transition, because they are connecting electrical and thermal energy. By combining and coordinating μCHP plants in a Local Virtual Power Plant (LVPP) there full potential can be used. This paper presents the framework of such a LVPP which uses a hierarchal layer architecture. Thereby not only the heat and storage constraints in the households are considered also limitations of the low and medium voltage grid can be taken into account. With a numerical simulation of the LVPP the storage potential over the year is calculated. It is shown that the storable energy has only a marginal dependency on the temperature. The mean storage energy is about 2MWh per 1MW installed μCHP. In contrast the storage time various over a wide range within the year.
'Patient Satisfaction' in Hospitalized Cancer Patients

Predictors of 'patient satisfaction' with hospitalization at a specialized cancer hospital in Norway are examined in this study. Two weeks after their last hospitalization, 2021 consecutive cancer patients were invited to rate their satisfaction with hospitalization, quality of life, anxiety and depression. Compliance rate was 72% (n=1453). Cut-off levels separating dissatisfied from satisfied patients were defined. It was found that 92% of the patients were satisfied with their stay in hospital, independent of cancer type and number of previous admissions. Performance of nurses and physicians, level of information perceived, outcome of health status, reception at the hospital and anxiety independently predicted 'patient satisfaction'. The model explained 35% of the variance with an area under the curve of 0.76 of the Receiver Operator Curve. Cancer patients' satisfaction with their hospital stay was high, and predicted by four independently predictive variables related to the performance of caregivers. These suggest areas for further improvement in the healthcare service.
Rapid generation of detailed loss of heterozygosity profiles for routine diagnosis of gliomas

Abstract Aberrations in the genomes of gliomas seem to correlate well with clinical parameters. Pertinent studies, however, rely on highly sophisticated methods, they require large amounts of high-quality sample material and/or they demand profound analytical expertise. Consequently, molecular tumour analysis has not yet been widely implemented in routine laboratory applications. We have developed an easy-to-perform approach for the rapid derivation of a detailed lossof-heterozygosity profile from individual gliomas. DNA of PCR quality is extracted in a one-step procedure from routinely obtained material. A microsatellite-based marker set is used to detect the deletion status of genomic regions (i) with established diagnostic relevance, (ii) recurrently found deleted in gliomas, or (iii) generally associated with tumour suppressor activity. The complete profile comprises 25 regions and is generated from 64 markers multiplexed into 18 reactions. Illustratively, we present findings from an anaplastic oligodendroglioma; the molecular data for this tumour allow refined diagnostic and prognostic statements that could not be derived from histology alone. Our approach should prove useful in the routine diagnosis of gliomas. Simultaneously, research data for many highly relevant regions are generated in a comparatively simple and inexpensive way.
Transcriptional Profiling of Caulobacter crescentus during Growth on Complex and Minimal Media

ABSTRACT Microarray analysis was used to examine gene expression in the freshwater oligotrophic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus during growth on three standard laboratory media, including peptone-yeast extract medium (PYE) and minimal salts medium with glucose or xylose as the carbon source. Nearly 400 genes (approximately 10% of the genome) varied significantly in expression between at least two of these media. The differentially expressed genes included many encoding transport systems, most notably diverse TonB-dependent outer membrane channels of unknown substrate specificity. Amino acid degradation pathways constituted the largest class of genes induced in PYE. In contrast, many of the genes upregulated in minimal media encoded enzymes for synthesis of amino acids, including incorporation of ammonia and sulfate into glutamate and cysteine. Glucose availability induced expression of genes encoding enzymes of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, which was demonstrated here through mutational analysis to be essential in C. crescentus for growth on glucose. Xylose induced expression of genes encoding several hydrolytic exoenzymes as well as an operon that may encode a novel pathway for xylose catabolism. A conserved DNA motif upstream of many xylose-induced genes was identified and shown to confer xylose-specific expression. Xylose is an abundant component of xylan in plant cell walls, and the microarray data suggest that in addition to serving as a carbon source for growth of C. crescentus, this pentose may be interpreted as a signal to produce enzymes associated with plant polymer degradation.
Patterns of prescription opioid utilization among adolescents and adults with co-morbid chronic pain and mental health diagnosis.

Our goal was to examine the association between mental health disorders (MHD) and subsequent risk of opioid use among commercially insured youth and adults (ages 14-64) with co-morbid chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) conditions. We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing IQVIA Health Plan Claims database from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2015. CNCP was defined as any diagnosis of back, head, neck, arthritis, or chronic pain (index date). MHD was assessed in the 12-months prior to the index pain diagnosis. Based on days supply (none, acute, chronic) and average daily dose (none, low, medium, and high), we constructed a 7-level categorical dependent measure of opioid use. We estimated the overall prevalence of MHD and opioid receipt. Among those with CNCP, multinomial logistic regression (AOR; 95 CI) was used to estimate the association of MHD with opioid receipt. Among 879,815 individuals diagnosed with CNCP, 143,923 (16.4%) had co-morbid MHD. Chronic/high dose use of opioids was more common among those with CNCP and MHD compared to those with only CNCP. After adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, individuals with co-morbid CNCP and MHD were significantly more likely to be prescribed opioids compared to those with only CNCP conditions. This effect varied by average daily dose and days supply: acute/low dose (1.08; 1.07-1.08); chronic/low dose (1.49; 1.49-1.50); acute/medium dose (1.07; 1.07-1.08); chronic/medium dose (1.61; 1.61-1.62); acute/high dose (1.03; 1.02-1.03); and chronic/high dose (1.53; 1.53-1.54). In individuals with CNCP, having a MHD was a strong predictor of prescription opioid use, particularly chronic use.
Development of snow retrieval algorithm based on the microwave radiative transfer model for multiple snow layers and various land surface parameters

In this study, a microwave radiative transfer model, which was recognized the various land surface parameters, was developed, and algorithm, which estimates snow parameter for the multiple layers using the AMSR2 brightness temperature, was developed. Furthermore, algorithm performance was validated from October 2012 to February 2013 at the AMSR2 Siberia validation site and the Siberia 11 stations over the Siberia region (N55-65°, E125-135°), and the estimated snow depth was in good agreement with the in situ data.
Clinical and histologic effects of topical treatments of vulval lichen sclerosus. A critical evaluation.

A randomized study was conducted on 79 patients with vulval lichen sclerosus who were treated for three months with four topical drugs including testosterone (2%), progesterone (2%), clobetasol propionate (.05%) and a cream based preparation. To evaluate the efficacy of the treatments, patients were examined before and after therapy for symptoms, gross appearance of the lesions and histopathologic features. Patients treated with clobetasol had a better response than responses recorded in the other groups. Remission of symptoms occurred in 75% of patients treated with clobetasol compared to 20% treated with testosterone, 10% treated with progesterone and 10% treated with a cream based preparation. The clobetasol group was the only group with gross changes and histologic evaluations before and after treatment, that showed a highly significant difference (P < .001). In a condition characterized by epidermal atrophy, we observed a significant reduction in epidermal atrophy after treatment. This study suggests that clobetasol propionate (.05%) (a very potent topical steroid) is the therapy of choice in vulval lichen sclerosus.
Locating Medical History

The issues constituting the history of medicine are consequential: how societies organize health care, how individuals or states relate to sickness, how we understand our own identity and agency as sufferers or healers. In Locating Medical History: The Stories and Their Meanings, Frank Huisman, John Harley Warner, and other eminent historians explore and reflect on a field that accommodates a remarkable diversity of practitioners and approaches. At a time when medical history is facing profound choices about its future, these scholars explore the discipline in the distant and recent past in order to rethink its missions and methods today. They discuss such issues as the periodic estrangement of medical history from medicine, the influence of Foucault on the writing of medical history, and the shifts from social to cultural history and back again. Chapters explore an early history of the field, its transformations since the 1970s, and its prospects for the future. With diverse constituencies, a multiplicity of approaches, styles, and aims is both expected and desired. This volume locates medical history within itself and within larger historiographic trends, to provide a springboard for discussions about what the history of medicine should be, and what aims it should serve. Contributors: Olga Amsterdamska, University of Amsterdam; Warwick Anderson, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Allan M. Brandt, Harvard Medical School; Theodore M. Brown, University of Rochester; Roger Cooter, University College London; Martin Dinges, Institut fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung; Alice Domurat Dreger, Michigan State University; Jacalyn Duffin, Queen's University; Elizabeth Fee, National Library of Medicine; Mary E. Fissell, The Johns Hopkins University; Danielle Gourevitch, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes; Anja Hiddinga, University of Amsterdam; Ludmilla Jordanova, University of East Anglia; Alfons Labisch, Heinrich-Heine-University; Hans-Uwe Lammel, University of Rostock; Sherwin B. Nuland, Yale University; Vivian Nutton, University College London; Roy Porter, formerly University College London; Susan M. Reverby. Wellesley College; David Rosner, Columbia University; Thomas Rutten, University of Newcastle upon Tyne; Heinz-Peter Schmiedebach, University of Greifswald; Christiane Sinding, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale "In recent years, there has been a dramatic shift in how historians of medicine approach their subject. To assess the current state of the discipline, Frank Huisman and John Harley Warner have brought together many of the most eminent historians of medicine to address a tremendous variety of topics within the field as it is practiced today. The resulting volume is an important and stimulating work that will be read both within the field and beyond it. "--Harold Cook, Director, The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine
On distinguishing the multiple radio paths in RSS-based ranging

Among the various ranging techniques, Radio Signal Strength (RSS) based approaches attract intensive research interests because of its low cost and wide applicability. RSS-based ranging is apt to be affected by the multipath phenomenon which allows the radio signals to reach the destination through multiple propagation paths. To address this issue, previous works try to profile the environment and refer this profile in run-time. In practical dynamic environments, however, the profile frequently changes and the painful retraining is needed. Rather than such static ways of profiling the environments, in this paper, we try to accommodate the environmental dynamics automatically in real-time. The key observation is that given a pair of nodes, the RSS at different spectrum channels will be different. This difference carries the valuable phase information of the radio signals. By analyzing these RSS values, we are able to identify the amplitude of signals solely from the Line-of-Sight (LOS) path. This LOS amplitude is a simple function of the path length (the physical distance). We find that the analysis is a typical non-linear curvature fitting problem that has no general routing algorithms. We prove this problem format is ill-conditioned which has no stable and trustable solutions. To deal with this issue, we further explore the practical considerations for the problem and reform it to a greatly improved conditioning shape. We solve the problem by numerical iterations and implement these ideas in a real-time indoor tracking system called MuD. MuD employs only three TelosB nodes as anchors. The experiment results show that in a dynamic environment where five people move around, the averaged localization error is 1 meter. Compared with the traditional RSS-based approaches in dynamic environment, the accuracy improves up to 10 times.
Electronically Tunable RC Sinusoidal Oscillators

This paper presents two types of active configurations for realizing electronically tunable RC sinusoidal oscillators. The type-1 network employs two grounded scaled resistances KR1 and KR2, where K is a scaling factor. The frequency of oscillation Wo is controlled conveniently by adjusting K, since Wo appears in the form W0 = l/K/¿R1C1R2C2. For realizing the scaled resistances, an active configuration is proposed, which realizes KRi = Ri/1 + f(VB), where f(VB) denotes a function of a controlling voltage VB. Thus the frequency tuning can be effected by controlling a voltage VB. The type-2 oscillator uses two periodically switched conductances. It is shown that the tuning of oscillation frequency can be done by varying the pulsewidth-to-period ratio (¿/T) of the periodically switched conductances.
Sense and avoid for unmanned aircraft systems

Sense and avoid (SAA) represents one of the main roadblocks to the integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) operations by aviation authorities around the world. This tutorial outlines and reviews the substantial breadth of SAA architectures, technologies, and algorithms. Starting from a discussion about what constitutes a UAS and how it is different than manned aircraft, basic SAA definitions and taxonomies are discussed. The SAA process is dissected into three fundamental tasks, defined as sensing, detecting, and avoiding, which are discussed in detail. The tutorial concludes with a summary of the regulatory and technical issues that continue to challenge the progress on SAA, as a key component of reliable UAS operation in civil aviation authorities (CAAs) around the world.
Brain Network Connectivity from Matching Cortical Feature Densities

We present a new method for constructing structural inference brain networks from functional measures of cortical features. Instead of averaging vertex-wise cortical features, we propose the use of full functions of spatial densities of measures such as thickness and use two dimensional pairwise correlations between regions to construct population networks. We show increased within group correlations for both healthy controls and toddlers with prenatal alcohol exposure compared to the existing mean-based correlation approach. Further, we also show significant differences in brain connectivity between the healthy controls and the exposed group.