Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recognitive thresholds for words as a function of set and similarity.

In a recent study Neisser investigated the distinction between perceptual process and verbal response.1 He concluded that S's 'set' in tachistoscopic experiments "facilitates the perception of specific visual patterns. "2 The specific visual patterns used were words which appeared in a preliminary observation and were presented again in the test-period. The results of Neisser's study indicated that if items were presented to the S in a pre-test and again in a test, the recognitive thresholds were lower for these repeated words than for their homonyms. The structural characteristics of the words used were not controlled, as Neisser pointed out. The present investigation, a modification of Neisser's study, was carried out to determine the relationship between preparatory set and the structural characteristics of the words to the recognitive threshold. If Ss are presented with a series of stimuluswords and are instructed that this presentation may help in recognizing other stimuli to be presented later, can we say that this 'set' only affects the recognitive threshold when the same words are repeated? Does not the 'set' affect recognition of other words which may bear a certain relationship to the original ones? There is some evidence that the physical characteristics of the stimulus affect recognitive threholds.3 Two major reviews related to this topic have recently appeared in the literature.4 The theory is advanced that the recognitive thresholds in tachistoscopic experiments are affected by the relationship between the 'set' for the stimulus-words and the test-words. The relationship investigated in this experiment is one of similarity of construction. We advance the following hypotheses: (1) that the preparatory 'set' affects not only the stimulus-words repeated but also words bearing a structural relationship to the words initially exposed-specifically that 'set' will facilitate the recognition of words that are shown in a preliminary trial and repeated in the testtrial; (2) that it facilitates the recognition of words which are similar to the 'set' words; and (3) that its effect will decrease with increasing dissimilarity between the 'set' and the test-words. We assumed that the underlying continuum of structural similarity was in terms of perceptually similar units. On this basis, three groups of test-words were so chosen that these groups represented different points on the similiarity continuum: similar, intermediate, and dissimilar.
Serial transverse enteroplasty in a newborn patient.

Divisions of Pediatric Surgery, {Pediatric Gastroenterology, {Transplantation, §Gut Rehabilitation and Intestinal Transplant Program, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York–Presbyterian and Columbia University College of Physicians and Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 45:257–260 # 2007 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
Stark deceleration of OH radicals in low-field-seeking and high-field-seeking quantum states

The Stark deceleration of OH radicals in both low-field-seeking and high-field-seeking levels of the rovibronic $^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{3∕2}$, $v=0$, $J=3∕2$ ground state is demonstrated using a single experimental setup. Applying alternating-gradient focusing, OH radicals in their low-field-seeking $^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{3∕2}$, $v=0$, $J=3∕2$, $f$ state have been decelerated from $345\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}239\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}∕\mathrm{s}$, removing 50% of the kinetic energy using only 27 deceleration stages. The alternating-gradient decelerator allows one to independently control longitudinal and transverse manipulation of the molecules. Optimized high-voltage switching sequences for the alternating-gradient deceleration are applied, in order to adjust the dynamic focusing strength in every deceleration stage to the changing velocity over the deceleration process. In addition we have also decelerated OH radicals in their high-field-seeking $^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{3∕2}$, $v=0$, $J=3∕2$, $e$ state from $355\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}316\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}∕\mathrm{s}$. For the states involved, a real crossing of hyperfine levels occurs at $640\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{V}∕\mathrm{cm}$, which is examined by varying a bias voltage applied to the electrodes.
Fiscal Multipliers in a Two-Sector Search and Matching Model

This paper evaluates the effects of policy interventions on sectoral labour markets and the aggregate economy in a business cycle model with search and matching frictions. We extend the canonical model by including capital-skill complementarity in production, labour markets with skilled and unskilled workers and on-the-job-learning (OJL) within and across skill types. We first find that, the model does a good job at matching the cyclical properties of sectoral employment and the wage-skill premium. We next find that vacancy subsidies for skilled and unskilled jobs lead to output multipliers which are greater than unity with OJL and less than unity without OJL. In contrast, the positive output effects from cutting skilled and unskilled income taxes are close to zero. Finally, we find that the sectoral and aggregate effects of vacancy subsidies do not depend on whether they are financed via public debt or distorting taxes.
Nuevas estrategias de compactación y transfección de DN-RNA en terapia génica

La Terapia Genica pretende tratar enfermedades hereditarias o adquiridas, a nivel molecular, bien reparando posibles danos del DNA celular, mediante la insercion de plasmidos de DNA (pDNA) en el citoplasma de las celulas danadas, o bloqueando (silenciando) la funcion patogenica de algun gen mediante la insercion de RNAs pequenos de interferencia (small interferring RNA o siRNA). Entre los distintos metodos para transfectar acidos nucleicos al interior celular, los sistemas autoagregados coloidales y/o supramoleculares se han revelado en los ultimos tiempos como una alternativa plausible a los vectores viricos, habitualmente utilizados en el pasado. En particular, los lipidos cationicos (CLs) o anionicos (ALs), las NPs inorganicas magneticas o no magneticas, ciclos supramoleculares (calixarenos CXs o pilararenos PLs) o las ciclodextrinas polianfifilicas (paCDs) son capaces de compactar DNA mediante una interaccion electrostatica superficial entropicamente dirigida, y transfectarlo al interior de las celulas danadas. Sin embargo, a pesar de todo lo que ya se conoce de este proceso, quedan todavia ciertos problemas por resolver, como los bajos niveles de transfeccion celular y la relativamente alta citotoxicidad de estos vectores en entornos celulares. Ademas, se sabe poco acerca del proceso de liberacion del acido nucleico una vez el vector ha traspasado la membrana plasmatica, por lo que se tiene escaso o nulo control sobre el potencial de un determinado sistema vehiculizador como agente de transfeccion in vitro y, finalmente, in vivo. Es por ello que se esta dedicando actualmente una especial atencion dentro de este campo de investigacion a intentar entender como se libera el agente terapeutico en el interior de la celula y cuales son las barreras fisiologicas que puede encontrarse en su camino hacia el nucleo. Sin duda, conseguir el objetivo de poder curar enfermedades con nuevos protocolos de terapia genica pasa por tener un profundo conocimiento y control sobre ambas etapas del proceso de transfeccion: la primera, centrada en una buena compactacion y transporte del acido nucleico a traves de la membrana, y la segunda, dirigida a la liberacion del material genetico en el entorno celular adecuado.
A critical review of the readability of online patient education resources from RadiologyInfo.Org.

OBJECTIVE Health consumers and their families rely on the Internet as a source of authoritative information regarding the procedures used to reach a diagnosis, effect treatment, and influence prognosis. In radiology, online materials can be a means by which to offer patients comprehensible explanations of the capabilities, the risks and rewards, and the techniques under our purview. Consequently, estimations of health literacy should take into account the reading level of the average American when composing and transmitting such information to the lay public without the mediation of a referring physician. MATERIALS AND METHODS In December 2012, patient education reports from the files of RadiologyInfo.org, a jointly sponsored website of the American College of Radiology and the Radiological Society of North America, were downloaded to assess their textual sophistication. All 138 patient education articles including the glossary were analyzed for their respective level of "readability" using the following 10 evaluative scales: Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook Grading, Coleman-Liau Index, Gunning Fog Index, New Dale-Chall scale, FORCAST, Fry graph, Raygor Readability Estimate, and New Fog Count. RESULTS The 138 online patient education articles were written, on average, between the 10th and 14th grade levels, which exceeds both the American Medical Association and the National Institutes of Health recommendations that patient education resources be comprehensible to those who read no higher than the seventh grade level. CONCLUSION Patients may accrue a greater benefit from written articles available on RadiologyInfo.org if the texts were revised to be in compliance with the National Institutes of Health and American Medical Association grade level recommendations. This could lead to a broadened appreciation of the capabilities of radiology's role in general and enhanced understanding of imaging techniques and their application to clinical practice.
Amino Acid Deletion at Codon 67 and Thr-to-Gly Change at Codon 69 of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Confer Novel Drug Resistance Profiles

ABSTRACT The potential roles of an amino acid deletion at codon 67 (Δ67) and a Thr-to-Gly change at codon 69 (T69G) in the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 in drug sensitivity and relative replication fitness were studied. Our results suggest that the Δ67 and T69G changes can be categorized as mutations associated with multidrug resistance. The combination of both mutations with an L74I change (Δ67+T69G/L74I) leads to a novel 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine resistance motif and compensates for impaired HIV replication.
The Effect of a Holistic Program on Health-Promoting Behaviors in Hospital Registered Nurses

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of a holistic program, the Collaborative Care Model (CCM) Program, and the development of a self-care plan on health-promoting behaviors in hospital nurses. Design: A quasi-experimental, pretest, posttest, repeated measure, comparison-group design was used. Method: The study was conducted in a large, academic medical center in the northeast. The experimental group included registered nurses (RNs) from units in one institution introduced to the CCM and development of a self-care plan in an 8-hour program. The control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II instrument (HPLP II); a 52-question Likert-type scale with six subscales examining health-promoting behaviors. Findings: Using repeated measures analysis of variance there was a significant increase (p = .02) in the overall HPLP II mean, spirituality ( p = .04), interpersonal relations (p = .04), and nutrition scores (p = .04) of the experimental group as compared over time with the control group. Conclusions: The CCM plus the development of a self-care plan significantly increased overall health promoting behaviors, and spirituality, interpersonal relations, and nutrition scores in these RNs.
Étude de la dimension intersubjective de la communication et de la construction du sens dans les discussions à visée philosophique en contexte scolaire

Cette these a pour objectif de donner une representation du fonctionnement de la communication dans les discussions a visee philosophique (enregistrees a l’ecole primaire et au college). Plus particulierement, il s’agit d’etudier la dimension intersubjective de la communication et de la construction du sens au sein de ces pratiques ainsi que la facon dont l’interaction se co-construit. Selon nous, la reconnaissance de l’importance de l’interlocuteur dans l’enonciation est indispensable pour saisir la veritable nature de la communication. Ainsi, en partant d’une approche interactionniste et socio-constructiviste, la construction du sens est envisagee comme un processus dynamique et comme une action commune aux locuteur et interlocuteur(s). Les benefices des pratiques philosophiques avec les enfants sont reconnus. L’analyse des interactions menee sur corpus montre que la discussion a visee philosophique est un terrain propice a la construction collective du discours, du sens et de la conceptualisation. Nous nous interessons aux mecanismes de cette construction collective realisee par les enfants et au role de l’animateur dans cette construction. Nous etudions particulierement les phenomenes de reprise et un phenomene linguistique figurant parmi les processus d’orientation de l’attention permettant de guider l’interpretation et la comprehension des interlocuteurs : la dislocation a gauche du sujet. L’observation des donnees permet de contribuer a definir les fonctions pragmatiques de ces phenomenes ainsi que les differents buts communicatifs associes a leur emploi par les enfants et par l’animateur lors des discussions a visee philosophique
Time series modelling of maximum tsunami wave heights recorded in Sibolga (Sumatra)

This study reports univariate modeling methodologies applied to the maximum tsunami wave height over Sibolga, Sumatra. The univariate time series models fitted are autoregressive model (AR), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and autoregressive neural network (AR-NN). Goodness of fit of the models to the time series of maximum tsunami wave height has been assessed using percentage of prediction error, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Willmott's indices. After rigorous skill assessment using the above three models, the AR-NN model with seven previous values as predictor has been identified as the best predictive model for the time series under study.
Prognostic value of depressive coping and depression in survival of lung cancer patients

The aim of this investigation was to determine whether depressive coping and depression predict shorter survival among lung cancer patients. We conducted a prospective study using an inception cohort with a 3–5‐year follow‐up. The sample consisted of n = 59 (of n = 69 invited to participate) patients (mean age 65 years, S.D. = 9.7; 81% male) newly diagnosed with small cell lung cancer or non‐small cell lung cancer Stage III or IV who were scheduled for later chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy at a tertiary care centre. Patients were investigated after their diagnosis and before the beginning of treatment. Depressive coping and depression were assessed using standardized self‐report questionnaires (Freiburg Questionnaire of Coping with Illness; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Depressive coping was associated with shorter survival (hazard ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.04–2.93, p = 0.034) after adjusting for age, sex, stage, histological classification, and Karnofsky performance status but not treatment type, using the Cox proportional hazards regression. Depression, however, was not linked with survival (hazard ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.98–1.13, p = 0.18). To conclude, the prognostic value of depressive coping was partially confirmed, warranting further examination of the robustness of this relationship. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Framework for opportunistic routing in wireless sensor networks with application to multiple antennas in fading environments

In this article we present a framework for routing based on a distributed routing decision and adapt the framework on a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. Our proposed framework provides a cross-layer design where the routing decision is decided through silent negotiation between candidate relays. The proposed protocol divides the routing decision between transmitter and the receivers: the transmitter decides the direction and an angle spread to broadcast the packet; each receiver, without communicating each other, decides whether to start a timer whose duration depends on the strength of the channel state information. The node with the shortest timer transmits first and thus becomes the transmitter for the next hop. We verify the performance of the proposed framework by computer simulations.
Emerging therapeutic targets in chronic heart failure: Part I

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a life threatening disease with an enormous medical requirement. Approximately 15 million people worldwide suffer from CHF. The prevalence will inevitably increase due to the ageing population. Nevertheless, current treatment options based on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and β-adrenergic receptor antagonists merely slow progression of the disease. Novel treatment concepts based on new therapeutic targets must have the capability to reverse the severity of this disease. This review, focusing on the emerging targets in the most promising therapeutic areas for the treatment of CHF, will be divided into two parts. In Part I, disease concepts such as altered calcium handling and ion channel activity, pathophysiological hypertrophy and inefficient cardiac metabolism are discussed. Validation status and potential therapeutic value for new targets in each research field is given by summarising the results of in vitro and in vivo studies.
Sequential Crohn’s Ileitis, Ileosigmoidal Fistula, Segmental Sigmoid Polyposis, and Sigmoid Stricture: The Natural History

Background: We have previously recognized segmental sigmoid polyps as an indicator of a fistula from Crohn’s ileitis to the sigmoid or the proximal rectum. In the course of this study, we realized that many patients with this fistula had no sigmoid polyps, but the sigmoid was the site of marked inflammation and early or late stricture formation. Furthermore, in some patients with a stricture, the fistula was not recognized until the surgeon (or the pathologist) dissected an inflammatory peri-ileal and/or a perisigmoidal mass. In this study, we have sought to clarify the sequence of events by focusing on the segmental inflammation and the stricturing of the sigmoid so that its significance can be recognized as a local complication of the ileitis and the progression of its severity as opposed to arising sui generis. Materials and Methods: From our database of >3000 patients with inflammatory bowel disease at Lenox Hill Hospital, we identified 45 patients with Crohn’s ileitis and ileosigmoid fistula (ISF): 24 had segmental sigmoid polyps and 18 had segmental inflammatory sigmoid strictures. The fistula was first seen by imaging in 36 patients, but not until resection by the surgeon or dissection by the pathologist in 7 patients. Results: The method of diagnosis for the initial recognition of the ISF and the sigmoid stricture is presented in Table 1. In 36 of the 45 cases, the ISF was recognized by radiologic imaging. In total, 31 of the 36 cases required surgical intervention, not because of the fistula, but because of small-bowel obstruction due to the ileitis. In 7 of the 31 (22%) cases, the fistula was recognized only by dissection of the inflammatory ileosigmoid mass by the surgeon or examination of the surgical specimen by the pathologist. The sequence of events from the originating ileitis to the ISF to the segmental sigmoid polyposis and stricture, with the resulting sigmoid obstruction, is shown in Figures 1A–E. Conclusions: We emphasize the natural history of the ISF so that its recognition will lead to earlier medical management of the originating ileitis. Furthermore, it adds evidence of the recognition that the causative agent of Crohn’s disease is carried by the fecal stream.
La modelación matemática en la ingeniería de diseño

Se pretende, en esta comunicacion, informar algunos aspectos que se vienen adelantando en una investigacion correspondiente a la formacion del Doctorado en Educacion de la Universidad de Antioquia. Se pretende discutir como la Modelacion Matematica se puede convertir en una herramienta de formacion para los ingenieros, propiamente en Ingenieria de Diseno. Se describe la forma como se realiza el trabajo en el transcurso del semestre y se ejemplifica dando a conocer avances de los resultados obtenidos. Finalmente, se plantea la necesidad de pensar la Modelacion Matematica, como una alternativa donde el estudiante construya una “realidad” y responda a las exigencias actuales de tener un saber especifico aplicado a un contexto, generando una articulacion entre el saber matematico y el saber propio de la Ingenieria de Diseno.
Novel method for millimeter wave phase shifter design using loaded transmission line

A succinct and effective design strategy is presented for millimeter wave frequency phase shifter design. The method aims at achieving minimum phase error around center frequency. Theory analysis shows that up to fourth-order derivative of phase shift with respect to frequency can be 0 at center frequency, which means phase shift is very flat around center frequency. Besides, constant 90° and 180° phase shift can be achieved theoretically. By using the method, the designed 90° and 180° phase shifters have small phase shift deviations. The measurement results show that the designed 90° and 180° phase shifters have better than ±2.8° and ±4.6° phase stability, less than 1.1 dB and 1.48 dB insertion loss, and better than 10 dB return loss from 24.8 GHz to 32.35 GHz respectively.
A recombinant O-polysaccharide-protein conjugate approach to develop highly specific monoclonal antibodies to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 and O145 serogroups

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is the major etiologic agent of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). The high rate of HUS emphasizes the urgency for the implementation of primary prevention strategies to reduce its public health impact. Argentina shows the highest rate of HUS worldwide, being E. coli O157 the predominant STEC-associated HUS serogroup (>70%), followed by E. coli O145 (>9%). To specifically detect these serogroups we aimed at developing highly specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the O-polysaccharide (O-PS) section of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the dominant STEC-associated HUS serogroups in Argentina. The development of hybridomas secreting mAbs against O157 or O145 was carried out through a combined immunization strategy, involving adjuvated-bacterial immunizations followed by immunizations with recombinant O-PS-protein conjugates. We selected hybridoma clones that specifically recognized the engineered O-PS-protein conjugates of O157 or O145 serogroups. Indirect ELISA of heat-killed bacteria showed specific binding to O157 or O145 serogroups, respectively, while no cross-reactivity with other epidemiological important STEC strains, Brucella abortus, Salmonella group N or Yersinia enterocolitica O9 was observed. Western blot analysis showed specific recognition of the sought O-PS section of the LPS by all mAbs. Finally, the ability of the developed mAbs to bind the surface of whole bacteria cells was confirmed by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and agglutination assays, indicating that these mAbs present an exceptional degree of specificity and relative affinity in the detection and identification of E. coli O157 and O145 serogroups. These mAbs may be of significant value for clinical diagnosis and food quality control applications. Thus, engineered O-PS specific moieties contained in the recombinant glycoconjugates used for combined immunization and hybridoma selection are an invaluable resource for the development of highly specific mAbs.