Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anticoagulation intensity and outcomes among patients prescribed oral anticoagulant therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy balance the risks of hemorrhage and thromboembolism. We sought to determine the association between anticoagulation intensity and the risk of hemorrhagic and thromboembolic events. We also sought to determine how under-or overanticoagulation would influence patient outcomes. Methods: We reviewed the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and CINAHL databases to identify studies involving patients taking anticoagulants that reported person-years of observation and the number of hemorrhages or thromboemboli in 3 or more discrete ranges of international normalized ratios. We estimated the overall relative and absolute risks of events specific to anticoagulation intensity. Results: We included 19 studies. The risk of hemorrhage increased significantly at high international normalized ratios. Compared with the therapeutic ratio of 2–3, the relative risk (RR) of hemorrhage (and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were 2.7 (1.8–3.9; p < 0.01) at a ratio of 3–5 and 21.8 (12.1–39.4; p < 0.01) at a ratio greater than 5. The risk of thromboemboli increased significantly at ratios less than 2, with a relative risk of 3.5 (95% CI 2.8–4.4; p < 0.01). The risk of hemorrhagic or thromboembolic events was lower at ratios of 3–5 (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.6) than at ratios of less than 2 (RR 2.4, 95% CI 1.9–3.1; p = 0.10). We found that a ratio of 2–3 had the lowest absolute risk (AR) of events (AR 4.3%/yr, 95% CI 3.0%–6.3%). Conclusions: The risks of hemorrhage and thromboemboli are minimized at international normalized ratios of 2–3. Ratios that are moderately higher than this therapeutic range appear safe and more effective than subtherapeutic ratios.
Locus of Fluctuations: an Examination of Project Disruptions

Project deviations of different types are used to examine the theorized role of Locus of Control on two types of project outcomes: process performance and developer satisfaction. A survey of 315 professional project managers is analyzed with PLS-SEM to quantify the direct effects of requirements fluctuations, staff fluctuations and technology fluctuations as well as the contingent effects from External Locus of Flux. We demonstrate the consequences of deviation events that complicate efforts to maintain situational control. Implications for research and practice are discussed. This study employed a web survey to collect empirical data for hypothesis testing. Instruments used in this study were adapted to fit the context of this study from validated scales used in previous research where available. Project performance utilizes a scale employed by Chandrasekaran and Mishra (2012). Requirements flux utilizes a scale from Wallace, Keil and Rai (2004). Staff flux builds an aggregate scale employing measures introduced by Carbonell and Rodgriguez (2006) supplemented by items from Gopal and Gosain (2010). An existing survey scale introduced by Imamoglu and Gozlu (2008) has been adapted for Locus of Flux. Technology Flux has been widely conceptualized as an organization level phenomenon involving emerging and evolving technologies across an industry. These scales are not suitable for this study that examines technology flux at the tactical project level. As a result a new scale has been developed based on an assessment of 16 semi-structured interviews with members of four IS project teams. Several items were reverse coded to maintain motivation and cognitive engagement. In addition to the research variables shown in Appendix A, demographics and controls were included to capture the covariance associated with relevant factors not directly substantive to the proposed theory.
Making talking-face authentication robust to deliberate imposture

We expose the limitations of existing frameworks designed for the evaluation of audiovisual biometric authentication algorithms. The weakness of a classical audiovisual authentication system is uncovered when confronted to realistic deliberate impostors. A client-dependent audiovisual synchrony measure is used in order to deal with deliberate impostors and three new fusion strategies and their performance against random and deliberate impostors are studied.
LHC Higgs Boson searches

A summary of the Higgs boson searches by the ATLAS and CMS collabrations using 1 f b-1 of LHC data is presented, concentrating on the Standard Model Higgs boson. Both experiments have the sensitivity to exclude at 95% CL a Standard Model Higgs boson in most of the Higgs boson mass region between about 130 GeV and 400 GeV. The observed data allow the exclusion of a Higgs Boson of mass 155 GeV to 190 GeV and 295 GeV to 450 GeV (ATLAS) and 149 GeV to 206 GeV and 300 GeV to 440 GeV (CMS). The lower limits are not as constraining as might be expected due to an excess in both experiments of order 2-3{\sigma} which could be related to a low mass Higgs boson or to a statistical fluctuation.
Affective Disposition Theory in Suspense: Elucidating the Roles of Morality and Character Liking in Creating Suspenseful Affect

ii Acknowledgment . iii Vita . iv List of Tables . vii List of Figures . viii Chapter 1: Literature Review . 1 Chapter 2: Study 1 . 13 Method . 23 Results . 35 Discussion . 43 Chapter 3: Study 2 . 59 Method . 65 Results . 69 Discussion . 77 Chapter 4: General Discussion.89 References . 96 Appendix A: Study 1 Tables and Figures . 105 Appendix B: Study 2 Tables and Figures . 118
Toward Hardware-Sensitive Database Operations

Satisfying the performance needs of tomorrow typically implies using modern processor capabilities (such as single instruction, multiple data) and co-processors (such as graphics processing units) to accelerate database operations. Algorithms are typically hand-tuned to the underlying (co-)processors. This solution is error-prone, introduces high implementation and maintenance cost and one implementations is not portable to other (co-)processors. To this end, we argue for a combination of database research with modern software-engineering approaches. We emphasize our vision of generating optimized database algorithms tailored to used (co-)processors from a common code base. With this, we maximize performance while minimizing implementation and maintenance eort of hardware-tailored database operations.
Mindfulness-Based Interventions in the Treatment of Psychosis: A Narrative Systematic Review

Although there is a growing body of research on the value of mindfulness for a range of mental health conditions, evidence regarding mindfulness for individuals with psychosis is much more limited. The purpose of this article was to conduct a narrative systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based techniques with individuals experiencing symptoms of psychosis. Eligibility criteria for the studies included random allocation, a focus on participants with psychosis, implementation of mindfulness-based interventions, and inclusion of a control group. A majority of measures across studies showed no significant treatment effect. Therefore, studies to date do not indicate that mindfulness-based interventions have an impact on symptoms of psychosis. Across trials, mindfulness interventions varied greatly. Furthermore, mindfulness interventions were designed to help individuals cope with symptoms and not necessarily to make them go away. Therefore, future studies should consider measuring functional outcomes, not symptom-related outcomes.
Experiments with MLLR Applied to Switchboard Models

To improve our phone recognizer (38.8% accuracy on Switchboard test data), we investigated the power of MLLR adaptation on HMMs estimated from Switchboard training data. We evaluated its effectiveness on three tasks: speaker adaptation within the Switchboard corpus, environment adaptation for performing recognition on WSJ utterances and language adaptation for performing recognition on BREF utterances (clean read French speech). We used a single iteration of supervised MLLR and a global regression matrix. Two results were surprising: first, although Switchboard speaker adaptation improved accuracy globally (0.69% absolute improvement), it was detrimental for certain speakers; second, environment adaptation was more successful than speaker adaptation in the sense that using WSJ test and adaptation data yielded greater accuracy than using Switchboard test and adaptation data. For language adaptation, a situation in which training and test data were mismatched in environment, speaker, speaking style and language, MLLR could increase the baseline accuracy from 18.4% to 25.4%. Our models were standard HMMs with 5400 4-component Gaussian mixture pdf’s.
Arf GAPs and Their Interacting Proteins

Membrane trafficking and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton are critical activities contributing to cellular events that include cell growth, migration and tumor invasion. ADP‐ribosylation factor (Arf)‐directed GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) have crucial roles in these processes. The Arf GAPs function in part by regulating hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf proteins. The Arf GAPs, which have multiple functional domains, also affect the actin cytoskeleton and membranes by specific interactions with lipids and proteins. A description of these interactions provides insights into the molecular mechanisms by which Arf GAPs regulate physiological and pathological cellular events. Here we describe the Arf GAP family and summarize the currently identified protein interactors in the context of known Arf GAP functions.
The Development of an Age-Structured Model for Trachoma Transmission Dynamics, Pathogenesis and Control

Background Trachoma, the worldwide leading infectious cause of blindness, is due to repeated conjunctival infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. The effects of control interventions on population levels of infection and active disease can be promptly measured, but the effects on severe ocular sequelae require long-term monitoring. We present an age-structured mathematical model of trachoma transmission and disease to predict the impact of interventions on the prevalence of blinding trachoma. Methodology/Principal Findings The model is based on the concept of multiple reinfections leading to progressive conjunctival scarring, trichiasis, corneal opacity and blindness. It also includes aspects of trachoma natural history, such as an increasing rate of recovery from infection and a decreasing chlamydial load with subsequent infections that depend upon a (presumed) acquired immunity that clears infection with age more rapidly. Parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood by fitting the model to pre-control infection prevalence data from hypo-, meso- and hyperendemic communities from The Gambia and Tanzania. The model reproduces key features of trachoma epidemiology: 1) the age-profile of infection prevalence, which increases to a peak at very young ages and declines at older ages; 2) a shift in this prevalence peak, toward younger ages in higher force of infection environments; 3) a raised overall profile of infection prevalence with higher force of infection; and 4) a rising profile, with age, of the prevalence of the ensuing severe sequelae (trachomatous scarring, trichiasis), as well as estimates of the number of infections that need to occur before these sequelae appear. Conclusions/Significance We present a framework that is sufficiently comprehensive to examine the outcomes of the A (antibiotic) component of the SAFE strategy on disease. The suitability of the model for representing population-level patterns of infection and disease sequelae is discussed in view of the individual processes leading to these patterns.
Impact of depression on change in coronary heart disease risk status: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)

Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between depression and change in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk status by an analysis of examination data in the general Korean population. Patients and methods We examined 1,851 men and 1,689 women (aged 43–73 years) for the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Ansan between 2005 and 2012. The estimated CHD risk score of participants was calculated using the Framingham CHD risk score in baseline and after 8-year follow-up period. Among them, population with low Framingham CHD risk score (<10%) in baseline (n=1,582) was used for further analyses. The low Framingham CHD risk score participants were assigned to one of two groups based on the Beck depression inventory (BDI) score: no depression (BDI <10) and depression (BDI ≥10). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to test whether depression was associated with participants’ status change to intermediate or high CHD risk score (≥10%) in men and women, respectively, after 8-year follow-up period. Results Women with depression showed significant higher rates of changing to intermediate or high CHD risk score status when compared with women without depression even after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, and smoking (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.08–2.03). However, depression was not associated with intermediate or high CHD risk score status in men (adjusted OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.95–1.82). Conclusion This general population-based cohort study provides evidence that depression can affect the risk of changing CHD risk score status in women.
Mechanism of single-event transient pulse quenching between dummy gate isolated logic nodes*

As integrated circuits scale down in size, a single high-energy ion strike often affects multiple adjacent logic nodes. The so-called single-event transient (SET) pulse quenching induced by single-event charge sharing collection has been widely studied. In this paper, SET pulse quenching enhancement is found in dummy gate isolated adjacent logic nodes compared with that isolated by the common shallow trench isolation (STI). The physical mechanism is studied in depth and this isolation technique is explored for SET mitigation in combinational standard cells. Three-dimensional (3D) technology computer-aided design simulation (TCAD) results show that this technique can achieve efficient SET mitigation.
Survival after treatment with phenylacetate and benzoate for urea-cycle disorders.

BACKGROUND The combination of intravenous sodium phenylacetate and sodium benzoate has been shown to lower plasma ammonium levels and improve survival in small cohorts of patients with historically lethal urea-cycle enzyme defects. METHODS We report the results of a 25-year, open-label, uncontrolled study of sodium phenylacetate and sodium benzoate therapy (Ammonul, Ucyclyd Pharma) in 299 patients with urea-cycle disorders in whom there were 1181 episodes of acute hyperammonemia. RESULTS Overall survival was 84% (250 of 299 patients). Ninety-six percent of the patients survived episodes of hyperammonemia (1132 of 1181 episodes). Patients over 30 days of age were more likely than neonates to survive an episode (98% vs. 73%, P<0.001). Patients 12 or more years of age (93 patients), who had 437 episodes, were more likely than all younger patients to survive (99%, P<0.001). Eighty-one percent of patients who were comatose at admission survived. Patients less than 30 days of age with a peak ammonium level above 1000 micromol per liter (1804 microg per deciliter) were least likely to survive a hyperammonemic episode (38%, P<0.001). Dialysis was also used in 56 neonates during 60% of episodes and in 80 patients 30 days of age or older during 7% of episodes. CONCLUSIONS Prompt recognition of a urea-cycle disorder and treatment with both sodium phenylacetate and sodium benzoate, in conjunction with other therapies, such as intravenous arginine hydrochloride and the provision of adequate calories to prevent catabolism, effectively lower plasma ammonium levels and result in survival in the majority of patients. Hemodialysis may also be needed to control hyperammonemia, especially in neonates and older patients who do not have a response to intravenous sodium phenylacetate and sodium benzoate.
Speech perception problems of the hearing impaired reflect inability to use temporal fine structure

People with sensorineural hearing loss have difficulty understanding speech, especially when background sounds are present. A reduction in the ability to resolve the frequency components of complex sounds is one factor contributing to this difficulty. Here, we show that a reduced ability to process the temporal fine structure of sounds plays an important role. Speech sounds were processed by filtering them into 16 adjacent frequency bands. The signal in each band was processed by using the Hilbert transform so as to preserve either the envelope (E, the relatively slow variations in amplitude over time) or the temporal fine structure (TFS, the rapid oscillations with rate close to the center frequency of the band). The band signals were then recombined and the stimuli were presented to subjects for identification. After training, normal-hearing subjects scored perfectly with unprocessed speech, and were ≈90% correct with E and TFS speech. Both young and elderly subjects with moderate flat hearing loss performed almost as well as normal with unprocessed and E speech but performed very poorly with TFS speech, indicating a greatly reduced ability to use TFS. For the younger hearing-impaired group, TFS scores were highly correlated with the ability to take advantage of temporal dips in a background noise when identifying unprocessed speech. The results suggest that the ability to use TFS may be critical for “listening in the background dips. ” TFS stimuli may be useful in evaluating impaired hearing and in guiding the design of hearing aids and cochlear implants.
Muscle plasticity after weight and combined (weight + jump) training.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of jump training as a complement to weight training on jump performance and muscle strategy during the squat and countermovement jump. METHOD Twenty-two male handball players, between the ages of 17 and 24, and in good health, were randomly divided into three groups. Two were trained groups, weight training (WTG) and jump training combined with weight training (CTG), and one was a control group (CG). Maximal isometric force and maximal concentric power were assessed by a supine leg press, squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ), and surface EMG was used to determine changes in muscle adaptation before and after the training period. RESULTS After 6-wk training programs, the two training groups increased maximal isometric force, maximal concentric power, and squat jump performance. However, only combined training presented a significant increase in height jump performance during the countermovement jump (P < 0.05). EMG analysis (as interpreted through the root mean square values) showed that the SJ was performed similarly before and after the training period for the two training groups. However, during the CMJ, only the CTG group adopted a new technique manifested by a short transition phase together with an increase in knee joint stiffness and knee extensor muscle activation and rectus femoris ratio. CONCLUSION It was suggested that the central activities in knee joint during the transition phase, in conjunction with intrinsic muscle contractile properties, play a major role in the regulation of performance during a CMJ. Furthermore, our study suggests that a change in maximal strength and/or explosive strength does not necessarily cause changes in combined movement such as the stretch shortening cycle.
Case Study Research: Science or a Literary Genre?

Despite the wide-spread utilization of the case study method in Information Systems (IS), some researchers are still puzzled by the question of “how can you generalize from a single case? ” Some researchers believe that findings derived from a single case study have little basis for generalizability beyond the immediate context and, therefore, cannot be used for predicting events in other contexts. According to Imre Lakatos, one of the most prominent philosophers of science of modern times, the ability to predict novel facts is what distinguishes science from pseudoscience. Hence, our main objective with this paper is to reflect whether the findings derived from the case study method can be regarded as scientific or not.
Stability and robustness for hybrid systems

Stability and robustness issues for hybrid systems are considered in this paper. Present stability results, that are extensions of classical Lyapunov theory, are not straightforward to apply in general due to two reasons. First, existing theory do not unveil how to find needed Lyapunov functions. Secondly, at some time instants it is necessary to know the values of the continuous trajectory. Because of these drawbacks, stronger conditions for stability are suggested. The search for Lyapunov functions can then be formulated as a linear matrix inequality problem. Additionally, it is shown how to obtain robustness properties. An example illustrates the results.
IX: A Protected Dataplane Operating System for High Throughput and Low Latency

The conventional wisdom is that aggressive networking requirements, such as high packet rates for small messages and microsecond-scale tail latency, are best addressed outside the kernel, in a user-level networking stack. We present IX, a dataplane operating system that provides high I/O performance, while maintaining the key advantage of strong protection offered by existing kernels. IX uses hardware virtualization to separate management and scheduling functions of the kernel (control plane) from network processing (dataplane). The data-plane architecture builds upon a native, zero-copy API and optimizes for both bandwidth and latency by dedicating hardware threads and networking queues to data-plane instances, processing bounded batches of packets to completion, and by eliminating coherence traffic and multi-core synchronization. We demonstrate that IX outperforms Linux and state-of-the-art, user-space network stacks significantly in both throughput and end-to-end latency. Moreover, IX improves the throughput of a widely deployed, key-value store by up to 3.6x and reduces tail latency by more than 2x.