Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hierarchical Multiple-Target Tracking Algorithm for Sensor Networks

Multiple-target tracking is a canonical application of sensor networks as it exhibits different aspects of sensor networks such as event detection, sensor information fusion, multi-hop communication, sensor management and decision making. The task of tracking multiple objects in a sensor network is challenging due to constraints on a sensor node such as short communication and sensing ranges, a limited amount of memory and limited computational power. In addition, since a sensor network surveillance system needs to operate autonomously without human operators, it requires an autonomous tracking algorithm which can track an unknown number of targets. In this paper, we develop a scalable hierarchical multiple-target tracking algorithm that is autonomous and robust against transmission failures, communication delays and sensor localization error.
Mobile IPv6 with Multiple Interfaces in Heterogeneous Networks

The development of wireless technologies makes the mobile devices with multiple interfaces possible. Currently, the related research is limited to vertical handoff in heterogeneous networks. Simultaneously using multiple interfaces to communicate is a big challenge, which involves research of link layer and IP layer. We attempt to research mobile IPv6 with multiple interfaces in heterogeneous networks.
Overview of INEX Tweet Contextualization 2014 track

Twitter is increasingly used for on-line client and audience fishing; this motivated the tweet contextualization task at INEX. The objective is to help a user to understand a tweet by providing him with a short summary (500 words). This summary should be built automatically using local resources like the Wikipedia and generated by extracting relevant passages and aggregating them into a coherent summary. The task is evaluated considering informativeness which is computed using a variant of Kullback-Leibler divergence and passage pooling. Meanwhile effective readability in context of summaries is checked using binary questionnaires on small samples of results. Running since 2010, results show that only systems that efficiently combine passage retrieval, sentence segmentation and scoring, named entity recognition, text POS analysis, anaphora detection, diversity content measure as well as sentence reordering are effective.
Curve evolution, boundary-value stochastic processes, the Mumford-Shah problem, and missing data applications

We present an estimation-theoretic approach to curve evolution for the Mumford-Shah problem. By viewing an active contour as the set of discontinuities in the Mumford-Shah problem, we may use the corresponding functional to determine gradient descent evolution equations to deform the active contour. In each gradient descent step, we solve a corresponding optimal estimation problem, connecting the Mumford-Shah functional and curve evolution with the theory of boundary-value stochastic processes. In employing the Mumford-Shah functional, our active contour model inherits its attractive ability to generate, in a coupled manner, both a smooth reconstruction and a segmentation of the image. Next, by generalizing the data fidelity term of the original Mumford-Shah functional to incorporate a spatially varying penalty, we extend our method to problems in which data quality varies across the image and to images in which sets of pixel measurements are missing. This more general model leads us to a novel PDE-based approach for simultaneous image magnification, segmentation, and smoothing, thereby extending the traditional applications of the Mumford-Shah functional which only considers simultaneous segmentation and smoothing.
Semi-Supervised Training in Deep Learning Acoustic Model

We studied the semi-supervised training in a fully connected deep neural network (DNN), unfolded recurrent neural network (RNN), and long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN) with respect to the transcription quality, the importance data sampling, and the training data amount. We found that DNN, unfolded RNN, and LSTM-RNN are increasingly more sensitive to labeling errors. For example, with the simulated erroneous training transcription at 5%, 10%, or 15% word error rate (WER) level, the semi-supervised DNN yields 2.37%, 4.84%, or 7.46% relative WER increase against the baseline model trained with the perfect transcription; in comparison, the corresponding WER increase is 2.53%, 4.89%, or 8.85% in an unfolded RNN and 4.47%, 9.38%, or 14.01% in an LSTM-RNN. We further found that the importance sampling has similar impact on all three models with 2~3% relative WER reduction comparing to the random sampling. Lastly, we compared the modeling capability with increased training data. Experimental results suggested that LSTM-RNN can benefit more from enlarged training data comparing to unfolded RNN and DNN. We trained a semi-supervised LSTM-RNN using 2600 hr transcribed and 10000 hr untranscribed data on a mobile speech task. The semi-supervised LSTM-RNN yields 7.9\% relative WER reduction against the supervised baseline.
Multi-Domain Spoken Dialogue System with Extensibility and Robustness against Speech Recognition Errors

We developed a multi-domain spoken dialogue system that can handle user requests across multiple domains. Such systems need to satisfy two requirements: extensibility and robustness against speech recognition errors. Extensibility is required to allow for the modification and addition of domains independent of other domains. Robustness against speech recognition errors is required because such errors are inevitable in speech recognition. However, the systems should still behave appropriately, even when their inputs are erroneous. Our system was constructed on an extensible architecture and is equipped with a robust and extensible domain selection method. Domain selection was based on three choices: (I) the previous domain, (II) the domain in which the speech recognition result can be accepted with the highest recognition score, and (III) other domains. With the third choice we newly introduced, our system can prevent dialogues from continuously being stuck in an erroneous domain. Our experimental results, obtained with 10 subjects, showed that our method reduced the domain selection errors by 18.3%, compared to a conventional method.
Characterization of new electrooptical PMN-PT single crystal

The investigation of physical properties of new relaxor ferroelectric material of (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT) single crystal has been carried out. It has been established the opportunity of existence of this crystal in two modifications, having tetragonal unit cell (space group P4mm) and cubic perovskite one (space group Pm3m) accordingly. Their lattice parameters were found. It has been established a thermal stability of the PMN-PT single crystals in wide temperature range (20-950°C). The results of optical investigations have shown, that the crystals have good transparency in wide spectral area from the visible to IR range. Dispersion of refractive index of PMN-PT crystal are calculated by the dispersion theory and Kramers-Kronig' relationship. Using interferometry method, extremely large linear electro-optic coefficients r13~33 pm/V and r33~80 pm/V were characterised for the crystal, having tetragonal unit cell. It has been discussed prospects of the material while creating different optical systems.
Understanding Scientific Literature Networks : An Evaluation of Action Science Explorer

Action Science Explorer (ASE) is a tool designed to support users in rapidly generating readily consumable summaries of academic literature. The authors describe ASE and report on how early formative evaluations led to a mature system evaluation, consisting of an in-depth empirical evaluation with 4 domain expert participants. The user study tasks were of two types: predefined tasks to test system performance in common scenarios, and user-defined tasks to test the system’s usefulness for custom exploration goals. This paper concludes by describing ASE’s attribute ranking capability which is a novel contribution for exploring scientific literature networks. It makes design recommendations to: give the users control over which documents to explore, easyto-understand metrics for ranking documents, and overviews of the document set in coordinated views along with detailson-demand of specific papers.
People management in software industry: the key to success

Performance differences have been proved among software professionals even in the conditions of identical task. Companies and organizations are aware of the fact that talent has great effect on their success; still most of the software development organizations are focusing so much on tools and technology and little on people. In this paper, we are trying to uncover the relation between the people management-human resource management and software engineering.
Mean effective gain calculation in realistic environments based on ray-tracing

In this paper, MEG calculation method closely reflecting the real environment was proposed. To represent the real environment, we have replaced the conventional statistical model with the realistic model. The realistic model was implemented by the DRT method. Proposed method takes the advantage of analysing the most influential parameters to the MEG. The parameters to be considered are the location of Tx antenna, path of moving receiving antenna, distribution of buildings, and height of Tx and Rx antenna, respectively.
Daumone fed late in life improves survival and reduces hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in mice

The liver is one of the most susceptible organs to aging, and hepatic inflammation and fibrosis increase with age. Chronic inflammation has been proposed as the major molecular mechanism underlying aging and age‐related diseases, whereas calorie restriction has been shown to be the most effective in extending mammalian lifespan and to have anti‐aging effects through its anti‐inflammatory action. Thus, it is necessary to develop effective calorie restriction mimetics. Daumone [(2)‐(6R)‐(3,5‐dihydroxy‐6‐methyltetrahydropyran‐2‐yloxy)heptanoic acid], a pheromone secreted by Caenorhabditis elegans, forces them to enter the dauer stage when facing inadequate conditions. Because Caenorhabditis elegans live longer during the dauer stage under energy deprivation, it was hypothesized that daumone may improve survival in mammals by mimicking calorie restriction. Daumone (2 mg kg−1 day−1) was administered orally for 5 months to 24‐month‐old male C57BL/6J mice. Daumone was found to reduce the risk of death by 48% compared with age‐matched control mice, and the increased plasma insulin normally presented in old mice was significantly reduced by daumone. The increased hepatic hypertrophy, senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity, insulin resistance, lipid accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in old mice were significantly attenuated by daumone. From a mechanistic view, daumone reduced the phosphorylation of the IκBα and upregulation of Rela and Nfkbia mRNA in the livers of old mice. The anti‐inflammatory effect of daumone was confirmed in lipopolysaccharide‐induced liver injury model. Oral administration of daumone improves survival in mice and delivers anti‐aging effects to the aged liver by modulating chronic inflammation, indicating that daumone could be developed as an anti‐aging compound.
Standardized Scaling Procedures for Rating Perceived Exertion During Resistance Exercise

The purpose of this project was to determine the validity of standardized Borg scale instructions and scale anchoring procedures to measure active muscle rating of perceived exertion and overall rating of perceived exertion during resistance exercise. Anchoring procedures were determined for each of 7 exercises before the completion of 2 counterbalanced experimental trials. In one trial, subjects lifted 90% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) 5 times. In the other, subjects lifted 30% of 1RM 15 times. Adjusted R2 and SEMs were used to determine linearity of Borg 15-category scale responses with respect to repetitions at equal work increments for both the group and the sum of the individuals. Both group and individual responses had high adjusted R2 and low SEM values. These results suggest that the current scaling instructions used with the Borg 15-category scale are valid for use during resistance exercise.
Doppler Ambiguity Resolving in Compressed Azimuth Time and Range Frequency Domain

For high-quality synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing, Doppler centroid ambiguity resolving is an essential procedure. A novel method for the resolution of Doppler ambiguity is presented which exploits the fact that, in the compressed azimuth time and range frequency domain, all targets span the same range frequency bandwidth and exhibit the same slope which is just proportional to the Doppler ambiguity number. The slope is removed by interpolation so that a simplified Radon transform can be applied. The use of entropy to find the maximum concentration of the Radon-transformed image can improve the robustness of the method. The proposed method directly gives a reliable estimate of the Doppler ambiguity number and is not affected by the azimuth partially covered targets. Experimental results show that the proposed method works well in medium- to high-contrast scenes.
Functional eukaryotic nuclear localization signals are widespread in terminal proteins of bacteriophages

A number of prokaryotic proteins have been shown to contain nuclear localization signals (NLSs), although its biological role remains sometimes unclear. Terminal proteins (TPs) of bacteriophages prime DNA replication and become covalently linked to the genome ends. We predicted NLSs within the TPs of bacteriophages from diverse families and hosts and, indeed, the TPs of Φ29, Nf, PRD1, Bam35, and Cp-1, out of seven TPs tested, were found to localize to the nucleus when expressed in mammalian cells. Detailed analysis of Φ29 TP led us to identify a bona fide NLS within residues 1–37. Importantly, gene delivery into the eukaryotic nucleus is enhanced by the presence of Φ29 TP attached to the 5′ DNA ends. These findings show a common feature of TPs from diverse bacteriophages targeting the eukaryotic nucleus and suggest a possible common function by facilitating the horizontal transfer of genes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Time to Metastable State in SIS Epidemics on Graphs

We define the spreading time in the SIS process as the average time between the start of the outbreak and the time that the number of infected nodes first reaches the average number of infected nodes in the metastable state. We show that the spreading time can be computed using a uniformised embedded Markov chain and give numerical results for the complete graph and the star graph. For the complete graph we derive, using the same method, an analytical expression for the spreading time starting from a single infected node. We show that the spreading time is only significantly larger for a single initially infected than when a few nodes are infected, and scales logarithmically as a function of the network size for a fixed fraction of infected nodes in the metastable state. We also show that mean-field methods predict that the spreading time in regular graphs is independent of the degree. For graphs with a high epidemic threshold, the spreading time is lower than for graphs with a low epidemic threshold. The spreading time seems to be related to the average hop count in the graph. For graphs that have a relatively low average hop count, the spreading time scales logarithmically, but for graphs with a high average hop count, such as the rectangular grid and the ring graph, this is not the case.
Experimental Evaluation Of J-Integral For A Center-Cracked Plate Subject To Quasistatic Thermal Load

In this paper the theory of photocarrier holographic interferometry is presented to aeasure and analyze three dimensional displacements. From the photocarrier holographic interferogram, the fringe orders corresponding to object deformation can be easily determined by the demodulating process. By means of bi-needle projection method, utilizing the shadow and image parameters of the two needles in the hologram, the positions of the illuminating point and the observation point can be determined automatically. Taking advantage of these two methods, the interferograms could be analysed more quickly and accurately by the image processing system. The forenamed two methods were used to measure the thermal deformation field around a crack tip in a steel plate which subjected to a quasistatic thermal load at its two lateral sides. With combination of finite element method, J integral values were evaluated. By comparing with the theoratical value of J integral, good agreement was obtained.
Ionic Currents during Hypoxia in Voltage‐Clamped Cat Ventricular Muscle

To explore the mechanisms underlying the shortening of the cardiac action potential in hypoxia, we studied the effect of hypoxia on the ionic currents in cat papillary and trabecular muscles using the single sucrose gap-voltage clamp technique. For potentials positive to −70 mV, hypoxia induces an increase in time-independent outward current. The changes in the tail current suggest that time-dependent outward current is not increased but, rather, reduced. Because the time course of IK remains unchanged, we concluded that the shortening of the action potential is not a result of a change in the time-dependent outward current. In the potential range of the plateau, the amplitude of the slow inward current is not affected by hypoxia. Its time constant of inactivation appears slightly decreased. The prolongation of the action potential by epinephrine during hypoxia is accompanied by an increase in the slow inward current. As a result of these studies, we conclude that the shortening of the cardiac action potential in the early stage of hypoxia results from an increase in K+outward background current. Circ Res 47: 501-508, 1980
How the Landscape of Random Job Shop Scheduling Instances Depends on the Ratio of Jobs to Machines

We characterize the search landscape of random instances of the job shop scheduling problem (JSP). Specifically, we investigate how the expected values of (1) backbone size, (2) distance between near-optimal schedules, and (3) makespan of random schedules vary as a function of the job to machine ratio (N/M). For the limiting cases N/M → 0 and N/M → ∞ we provide analytical results, while for intermediate values of N/M we perform experiments. We prove that as N/M → 0, backbone size approaches 100%, while as N/M → ∞ the backbone vanishes. In the process we show that as N/M → 0 (resp. N/M → ∞), simple priority rules almost surely generate an optimal schedule, providing theoretical evidence of an "easy-hard-easy" pattern of typical-case instance difficulty in job shop scheduling. We also draw connections between our theoretical results and the "big valley" picture of JSP landscapes.
Inferring task-relevant image regions from gaze data

A number of studies have recently used eye movements of a user inspecting the content as implicit relevance feedback for proactive retrieval systems. Typically binary feedback for images or text paragraphs is inferred from the gaze pattern. We seek to make such feedback richer for image retrieval, by inferring which parts of the image the user found relevant. For this purpose, we present a novel Bayesian mixture model for inferring possible target regions directly from gaze data alone, and show how the relevance of those regions can then be inferred using a simple classifier that is independent of the content or the task
Epsilon: A Visible Light Based Positioning System

Exploiting the increasingly wide use of Light-emitting Diode (LED) lighting, in this paper, we study the problem of using visible LED lights for accurate localization. The basic idea is to leverage the existing lighting infrastructure and apply trilateration to localize any devices with light sensing capability (e.g., a smartphone), using LED lamps as anchors. Through the design of Epsilon, we identify and tackle several technique challenges. In particular, we establish and experimentally verify the optical channel model for localization. We adopt BFSK and channel hopping to enable reliable location beaconing from multiple, uncoordinated light sources over the shared optical medium. We handle realistic situations towards robust localization, for example, we exploit user involvement to resolve the ambiguity in case of insufficient LED anchors. We have implemented the Epsilon system and evaluated it with a small scale hardware testbed as well as moderate-size simulations. Experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of Epsilon: the 90th percentile accuracies are 0.4m, 0.7m and 0.8m for three typical office environments. Even in the extreme situation with a single light, the 90th percentile accuracy is 1.1m. We believe that visible light based localization is promising to significantly improve the positioning accuracy, despite few open problems in practice.
MPLS Traffic Engineering for Survivable Book-Ahead Guaranteed Services∗

With the emergence of Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS), it is now possible to address various traffic engineering problems that would not have been possible on the current Internet. In this paper, we consider a set of services called book-ahead guaranteed (BAG) services (with possibly different survivability requirements) that may be offered in an MPLS-based network together with best effort services. The traffic engineering problem we address is to consider both BAG services as well as best-effort services that may have differing objectives along with different survivability requirements for service requests. Due to different (potentially conflicting) objectives for guaranteed and best-effort services, this problem becomes a multi-criteria decision problem. We present an integrated optimization formulation where we show how to unify these different objectives while selecting explicit routes for survivable BAG services, and at the same time, not effecting best-effort services drastically; such selection of explicit routes can be implemented using Label switches paths (LSP) in MPLS. We provide a heuristic approach to solving this model. We present experimental results to show that the heuristic performs well; and more importantly, the optimization model captures the different objectives.
A retrospective evaluation of a score system adopted by the Ministry of Health, Brazil in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in childhood: a case control study.

Based on a retrospective case-control study we evaluated the score system adopted by the Ministry of Health of Brazil (Ministério da Saúde - MS), to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in childhood. This system is independent of bacteriological or histopathological data to define a very likely (> or = 40 points), possible (30-35 points) or unlikely (< or = 25 points) diagnosis of tuberculosis. Records of hospitalized non-infected HIV children at the Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPPMG-UFRJ), were reviewed. Patients were adjusted for age and divided in two different groups: 45 subjects in the case group (culture-positive) [mean of age = 10.64 mo; SD 9.66]; and 96 in the control group (culture-negative and clinic criteria that dismissed the disease) [mean of age = 11.79 mo. ; SD 11.31]. Among the variables analyzed, the radiological status had the greater impact into the diagnosis (OR = 25.39), followed by exposure to adult with tuberculosis (OR = 10.67), tuberculin skin test >10mm (OR = 8.23). The best cut-off point to the diagnosis of PTB was 30 points, where the score system was more accurate, with sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 86.5%.