Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reading language and religion together

“Silence me now, your loquacious poet”1 wrote the Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore after spending years of his life trying to grasp the immeasurability of the divine in his songs. We find in his writings repeated references to the inextricable link between language and spirituality. Laments on the inability of words to articulate the divine, and celebrations of humanity’s endeavor to capture the essence of the indefinable, crowd his lyrics. Though Tagore rues the intractability of language to express the infinite and eternal with lines like “heaps of words”, “the distant music that we try to catch with our harps tuned to a nearer music”, the inescapable dependence on words returns as a refrain. Whether religion is the form given to man’s yearning for the spiritual or whether religion is really an embodiment of man’s more material desires may be a matter for debate. But when the yearning for the divine is embodied in words, and when those words are accepted by a community of people, the basis of a religion has been laid. This issue of the IJSL seeks to better understand the dynamics between religion and language. In doing so, it hopes to add to recent scholarship which explores the interaction between these two social constructs. Two fundamental realities make the study of language and religion inseparable, the first being the importance of language for religion. Most of us, in fact, encounter religion through some form of narrative: stories, hymns, chants, myths, parables. With its powerful status as the major and most flexible instrument of communication, language is indispensable to the expression of religion or religious ideas. It dominates man’s learning, imbibing, othering, adopting and adapting of religions. It is through the various forms of language that the living vitality of a community’s religious beliefs is passed down from generation to generation. Religion, in fact, can be said to exist largely in language, and hence the overwhelming significance of sacred languages and holy books. While this first reality may be said to be a characteristic of religion, the second reality that binds the study of language and religion is a characteristic shared. Both religion and language are markers of identity that evolve and change according to the needs of society. They are expressive of the philosophies, the beliefs and the experiences
Exploring the Relationship Between Working Memory, Compressor Speed, and Background Noise Characteristics

Objectives: Previous work has shown that individuals with lower working memory demonstrate reduced intelligibility for speech processed with fast-acting compression amplification. This relationship has been noted in fluctuating noise, but the extent of noise modulation that must be present to elicit such an effect is unknown. This study expanded on previous study by exploring the effect of background noise modulations in relation to compression speed and working memory ability, using a range of signal to noise ratios. Design: Twenty-six older participants between ages 61 and 90 years were grouped by high or low working memory according to their performance on a reading span test. Speech intelligibility was measured for low-context sentences presented in background noise, where the noise varied in the extent of amplitude modulation. Simulated fast- or slow-acting compression amplification combined with individual frequency-gain shaping was applied to compensate for the individual’s hearing loss. Results: Better speech intelligibility scores were observed for participants with high working memory when fast compression was applied than when slow compression was applied. The low working memory group behaved in the opposite way and performed better under slow compression compared with fast compression. There was also a significant effect of the extent of amplitude modulation in the background noise, such that the magnitude of the score difference (fast versus slow compression) depended on the number of talkers in the background noise. The presented signal to noise ratios were not a significant factor on the measured intelligibility performance. Conclusion: In agreement with earlier research, high working memory allowed better speech intelligibility when fast compression was applied in modulated background noise. In the present experiment, that effect was present regardless of the extent of background noise modulation.
Application of μ-synthesis based H∞-control for adaptive optics in laser material processing

An adaptive optics system is used for the controlled attenuation of tip-tilt disturbances in an experimental laser material processing setup. It is shown that a H∞-controller based on the μ-synthesis approach successfully accounts for the model uncertainties that, in the main, are unknown delays originating from the wavefront reconstruction and data transmission. The μ-synthesis problem is solved referring to a recently introduced non-smooth μ-optimization algorithm. Experimental results underscore the superiority of the presented approach in comparison to former results.
High Costs of Female Choice in a Lekking Lizard

Although the cost of mate choice is an essential component of the evolution and maintenance of sexual selection, the energetic cost of female choice has not previously been assessed directly. Here we report that females can incur high energetic costs as a result of discriminating among potential mates. We used heart rate biologging to quantify energetic expenditure in lek-mating female Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus). Receptive females spent 78.9±23.2 kJ of energy on mate choice over a 30-day period, which is equivalent to ∼¾ of one day's energy budget. Females that spent more time on the territories of high-quality, high-activity males displayed greater energetic expenditure on mate choice, lost more mass, and showed a trend towards producing smaller follicles. Choosy females also appear to face a reduced probability of survival if El Niño conditions occur in the year following breeding. These findings indicate that female choice can carry significant costs, and suggest that the benefits that lek-mating females gain through mating with a preferred male may be higher than previously predicted.
NAFlex: a web server for the study of nucleic acid flexibility

We present NAFlex, a new web tool to study the flexibility of nucleic acids, either isolated or bound to other molecules. The server allows the user to incorporate structures from protein data banks, completing gaps and removing structural inconsistencies. It is also possible to define canonical (average or sequence-adapted) nucleic acid structures using a variety of predefined internal libraries, as well to create specific nucleic acid conformations from the sequence. The server offers a variety of methods to explore nucleic acid flexibility, such as a colorless wormlike-chain model, a base-pair resolution mesoscopic model and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations with a wide variety of protocols and force fields. The trajectories obtained by simulations, or imported externally, can be visualized and analyzed using a large number of tools, including standard Cartesian analysis, essential dynamics, helical analysis, local and global stiffness, energy decomposition, principal components and in silico NMR spectra. The server is accessible free of charge from the mmb.irbbarcelona. org/NAFlex webpage.
Japanese Ellipsis Resolution in "A NO B" Noun Phrases for Colloquial Inquiry Text Using Latent Topic Models

Generally inquiries through Web forms and e-mails are increasing. These inquiry texts usually include many informal expressions use of the colloquial style, such as a spoken language, and many omitted words. An omitted word causes the meaning of a sentence to become ambiguous and may make the reader misread and misunderstand the context. In this paper we focus on the frequently omitted noun ``B'' in the noun phrase ``A NO1 B'' (usually meaning B of A) seen in the colloquial style inquiry text and propose a method to predict omitted noun ``B'' from context and knowledge using topic information. From the results of the evaluation experiment, we have confirmed that our method improved 11.34 points from the conventional method, and predicted the omitted word with an accuracy rate of more than 75% using ``Latent Dirichlet Allocation'' (LDA.).
Validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the CARE measure in a general medicine outpatient setting.

BACKGROUND Empathy is an important attribute in medicine, influencing both the process and outcome of consultations. However, there are no validated tools available in Japan to gather patient feedback on physicians' empathy. The Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) Measure developed in the UK is widely used internationally. OBJECTIVES To investigate the psychometric properties of a Japanese version of the CARE Measure. METHOD Following two cycles of translation and back translation, the Japanese CARE Measure was completed by 317 patients in a primary medical care clinic in Japan. Tests of internal reliability and validity included Cronbach's alpha, item-total correlations and factor analysis. Predicted associations between CARE Measure score and other variables were assessed by Spearman's rho. RESULTS Low numbers of missing values (8.2-9.8%) and 'not applicable' responses (0-1.3%) suggested high acceptability and face validity of the Japanese CARE Measure. Internal reliability was high (Cronbach's alpha 0.984) and was reduced by the removal of any of 10 items. High corrected item-total correlations (0.897-0.946) suggested homogeneity. Factor analysis showed a single solution with high item loadings (0.917-0.957). Construct validity was supported by a significant relationship (Spearman's rho 0.74, P < 0.001) with overall satisfaction with the consultation. CONCLUSION The Japanese CARE Measure appears to be valid and reliable in a primary medical care setting. Further work is required to determine its ability to discriminate between doctors.
Phylogeny of Acetate-Utilizing Microorganisms in Soils along a Nutrient Gradient in the Florida Everglades

ABSTRACT The consumption of acetate in soils taken from a nutrient gradient in the northern Florida Everglades was studied by stable isotope probing. Bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from eutrophic and oligotrophic soil microcosms strongly suggest that a significant amount of acetate is consumed by syntrophic acetate oxidation in nutrient-enriched soil.
Characterizing K2 Candidate Planetary Systems Orbiting Low-mass Stars. II. Planetary Systems Observed During Campaigns 1–7

We recently used near-infrared spectroscopy to improve the characterization of 76 low-mass stars around which K2 had detected 79 candidate transiting planets. 29 of these worlds were new discoveries that had not previously been published. We calculate the false positive probabilities that the transit-like signals are actually caused by non-planetary astrophysical phenomena and reject five new transit-like events and three previously reported events as false positives. We also statistically validate 17 planets (7 of which were previously unpublished), confirm the earlier validation of 22 planets, and announce 17 newly discovered planet candidates. Revising the properties of the associated planet candidates based on the updated host star characteristics and refitting the transit photometry, we find that our sample contains 21 planets or planet candidates with radii smaller than 1.25 R⊕, 18 super-Earths (1.25–2 R⊕), 21 small Neptunes (2–4 R⊕), three large Neptunes (4–6 R⊕), and eight giant planets (>6 R⊕). Most of these planets are highly irradiated, but EPIC 206209135.04 (K2-72e, ), EPIC 211988320.01 ( ), and EPIC 212690867.01 ( ) orbit within optimistic habitable zone boundaries set by the “recent Venus” inner limit and the “early Mars” outer limit. In total, our planet sample includes eight moderately irradiated 1.5–3 R⊕ planet candidates (Fp ≲ 20 F⊕) orbiting brighter stars (Ks < 11) that are well-suited for atmospheric investigations with the Hubble, Spitzer, and/or James Webb Space Telescopes. Five validated planets orbit relatively bright stars (Kp < 12.5) and are expected to yield radial velocity semi-amplitudes of at least 2 m s−1. Accordingly, they are possible targets for radial velocity mass measurement with current facilities or the upcoming generation of red optical and near-infrared high-precision RV spectrographs.
Generating cancellable fingerprint templates based on Delaunay triangle feature set construction

In this study, the authors propose a novel fingerprint template protection scheme that is developed using Delaunay triangulation net constructed from the fingerprint minutiae. The authors propose two methods namely FS_INCIR and FS_AVGLO to construct a feature set from the Delaunay triangles. The feature set computed is quantised and mapped to a 3D array to produce fixed length 1D bit string. This bit string is applied with a DFT to generate a complex vector. Finally, the complex vector is multiplied by user's key to generate a cancellable template. The proposed computation of feature set maintained a good balance between security and performance. These methods are tested on FVC 2002 and FVC 2004 databases and the experimental results show satisfactory performance. Further, the authors analysed the four requirements namely diversity, revocability, irreversibility and accuracy for protecting biometric templates. Thus, the feasibility of proposed scheme is depicted.
Phosphorylation of tyrosine 720 in the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor is required for binding of Grb2 and SHP-2 but not for activation of Ras or cell proliferation

Following binding of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), the PDGF alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR) becomes tyrosine phosphorylated and associates with a number of signal transduction molecules, including phospholipase Cgamma-1 (PLCgamma-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), the phosphotyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, Grb2, and Src. Here, we present data identifying a novel phosphorylation site in the kinase insert domain of the alphaPDGFR at tyrosine (Y) 720. We replaced this residue with phenylalanine and expressed the mutated receptor (F720) in Patch fibroblasts that do not express the alphaPDGFR. Characterization of the F720 mutant indicated that binding of two proteins, SHP-2 and Grb2, was severely impaired, whereas PLCgamma-1 and PI3K associated to wild-type levels. In addition, mutating Y720 to phenylalanine dramatically reduced PDGF-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of SHP-2. Since Y720 was required for recruitment of two proteins, we investigated the mechanism by which these two proteins associated with the alphaPDGFR. SHP-2 bound the alphaPDGFR directly, whereas Grb2 associated indirectly, most probably via SHP-2, as Grb2 and SHP-2 coimmunoprecipitated when SHP-2 was tyrosine phosphorylated. We also compared the ability of the wild-type and F720 alphaPDGFRs to mediate a number of downstream events. Preventing the alphaPDGFR from recruiting SHP-2 and Grb2 did not compromise PDGF-AA-induced activation of Ras, initiation of DNA synthesis, or growth of cells in soft agar. We conclude that phosphorylation of the alphaPDGFR at Y720 is required for association of SHP-2 and Grb2 and tyrosine phosphorylation of SHP-2; however, these events are not required for the alphaPDGFR to activate Ras or initiate a proliferative response. In addition, these findings reveal that while SHP-2 binds to both of the receptors, it binds in different locations: to the carboxy terminus of the betaPDGFR but to the kinase insert of the alphaPDGFR.
Metamodeling Architecture of Web Ontology Languages

Recent research has shown that RDF Schema, as a schema layer Semantic Web language, has a non-standard metamodeling architecture. As a result, it is difficult to understand and lacks clear semantics. This paper proposes a fixed layer metamodeling architecture for RDF Schema (RDFS(FA)) and demonstrates how the problems of RDF Schema can be solved under RDFS(FA). Based on this metamodeling architecture, a clear model-theoretic semantics of RDFS(FA) is given. Interestingly, RDFS(FA) also benefits DAML+OIL by offering a firm semantic basis and by solving the "layer mistake" problem.
Preferential elimination of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes using microwave irradiation

This study presents a simple, easy and rapid technique for the preferential destruction of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (m-SWNTs) using microwave irradiation. The proportion of m-SWNTs in a randomly networked film that were made of pristine SWNTs was gradually reduced with microwave irradiation of 1000 W at 2.45 GHz ranging from 0 to 20 min. Additionally it was observed that the m-SWNTs with a higher chiral angle were destroyed first. The Raman spectra and drain current–gate voltage characteristics curve show that this method facilitated the selective removal of m-SWNTs.
A Hybrid Approach for Prevention of SQL Injection Attack Using Pattern Matching

Security of network frameworks is obtaining a lot of essential as user’s confidential and personal knowledge are being controlled on-line and acquire hacked systematically. The protection of a machine structure is changed off at the purpose once a pause happens because it could induce knowledge stealing or developer creating the machine structures a lot of vulnerable. There are varied algorithms that are utilised for the seeking the results on net. Pattern matching system is one in every of them. Few models take into account the detection of obscure assaults with shrivelled false positives and confined overhead. This paper portrays a system to take care of this type of management and consequently kill vulnerabilities of SQL Injection. This paper additionally projected a discovery and levelling activity strategy for checking SQL Injection Attack (SQLIA) mistreatment Aho–Corasick pattern matching computation. Main focus of this paper is on positive tainting thus detection makes it straightforward. The rule objective is intrusion detection. Investigations exhibit that projected system has higher recognition rate than existing structure. Keywords— SQL injection, database security, pattern matching, dynamic pattern, static pattern.
Examination of the Occurrence of Sleep Difficulties in a Clinical ADHD population

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders. Research has shown that children diagnosed with ADHD experience a high level of parent reported sleep difficulties. The sample used for this analysis was derived from a clinical outpatient population seeking psychological evaluation at the Center for ADHD at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center. A total of 124 patients (110 diagnosed with ADHD) between the ages of 2 and 17 years were included in this analysis. Variables used in the analyses were derived from the Vanderbilt ADHD Rating Scale, the Behavior Assessment Scale for Childrensecond edition (BASC-2), and a Sleep Questionnaire. A series of regression analyses were completed in order to examine the relationships between sleep and ADHD symptom severity, internalizing and externalizing behaviors, as well as functional impairments. Finally, t-test analyses were conducted to determine if there were differences in the patterns of sleep difficulties in various comorbid diagnostic groups. Results of the factor analysis supported a six-factor solution (Bedtime Resistance, Daytime Sleepiness, Poor Sleep Quality, Restless Sleep, Interrupted Sleep, and Difficulty Breathing) which accounted for 74.5% of the total variance. Results indicated that all six sleep factors were significantly positively correlated with total ADHD symptoms. Comparisons between ADHD subtypes revealed children with ADHD combined type exhibit significant greater difficulties than those with ADHD predominantly inattentive type in the domains of Poor Sleep Quality and Interrupted Sleep factors. Sleep problems were only related to parent-child relationship and did not affect other areas of impairment such as overall school performance and social relationship with peers, with greater sleep factor scores associated with greater impairment in the parent child relationship. Analyses revealed no significant difference between sleep factor scores of patients with and without a behavioral comorbidity (ODD and CD). Results of the FA revealed six independent factors suggesting sleep is not a unitary construct, but rather is composed of various components. While
Selection of Reference Genes for Normalization of MicroRNA Expression by RT-qPCR in Sugarcane Buds under Cold Stress

Sugarcane, accounting for 80% of world's sugar, originates in the tropics but is cultivated mainly in the subtropics. Therefore, chilling injury frequently occurs and results in serious losses. Recent studies in various plant species have established microRNAs as key elements in the post-transcriptional regulation of response to biotic and abiotic stresses including cold stress. Though, its accuracy is largely influenced by the use of reference gene for normalization, quantitative PCR is undoubtedly a popular method used for identification of microRNAs. For identifying the most suitable reference genes for normalizing miRNAs expression in sugarcane under cold stress, 13 candidates among 17 were investigated using four algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, deltaCt, and Bestkeeper, and four candidates were excluded because of unsatisfactory efficiency and specificity. Verification was carried out using cold-related genes miR319 and miR393 in cold-tolerant and sensitive cultivars. The results suggested that miR171/18S rRNA and miR171/miR5059 were the best reference gene sets for normalization for miRNA RT-qPCR, followed by the single miR171 and 18S rRNA. These results can aid research on miRNA responses during sugarcane stress, and the development of sugarcane tolerant to cold stress. This study is the first report concerning the reference gene selection of miRNA RT-qPCR in sugarcane.
SAAP-RRBS: streamlined analysis and annotation pipeline for reduced representation bisulfite sequencing

Summary: Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) is a cost-effective approach for genome-wide methylation pattern profiling. Analyzing RRBS sequencing data is challenging and specialized alignment/mapping programs are needed. Although such programs have been developed, a comprehensive solution that provides researchers with good quality and analyzable data is still lacking. To address this need, we have developed a Streamlined Analysis and Annotation Pipeline for RRBS data (SAAP-RRBS) that integrates read quality assessment/clean-up, alignment, methylation data extraction, annotation, reporting and visualization. This package facilitates a rapid transition from sequencing reads to a fully annotated CpG methylation report to biological interpretation. Availability and implementation: SAAP-RRBS is freely available to non-commercial users at the web site http://ndc.mayo.edu/mayo/research/biostat/stand-alone-packages.cfm. Contact: baheti.saurabh@mayo.edu or sun.zhifu@mayo.edu Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.