Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multistakeholder Perspectives on the Transition to a Graduate-Level Athletic Training Educational Model.

CONTEXT The decision has been made to move away from the traditional bachelor's degree professional program to a master's degree professional program. Little is known about the perceptions about this transition from those involved with education. OBJECTIVE To examine multiple stakeholders' perspectives within athletic training education on the effect that a change to graduate-level education could have on the profession and the educational and professional development of the athletic trainer. DESIGN Qualitative study. SETTING Web-based survey. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 18 athletic training students (6 men, 12 women; age = 24 ± 5 years), 17 athletic training faculty (6 men, 9 women, 2 unspecified; 7 program directors, 5 faculty members, 3 clinical coordinators, 2 unidentified; age = 45 ± 8 years), and 15 preceptors (7 men, 7 women, 1 unspecified; age = 34 ± 7 years) completed the study. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Participants completed a structured Web-based questionnaire. Each cohort responded to questions matching their roles within an athletic training program. Data were analyzed following a general inductive process. Member checks, multiple-analyst triangulation, and peer review established credibility. RESULTS Thirty-one (62%) participants supported the transition, 14 (28%) were opposed, and 5 (10%) were neutral or undecided. Advantages of and support for transitioning and disadvantages of and against transitioning emerged. The first higher-order theme, advantages, revealed 4 benefits: (1) alignment of athletic training with other health care professions, (2) advanced coursework and curriculum delivery, (3) improved student and professional retention, and (4) student maturity. The second higher-order theme, disadvantages, was defined by 3 factors: (1) limited time for autonomous practice, (2) financial concerns, and (3) lack of evidence for the transition. CONCLUSIONS Athletic training students, faculty, and preceptors demonstrated moderate support for a transition to the graduate-level model. Factors supporting the move were comparable with those detailed in a recent document on professional education in athletic training presented to the National Athletic Trainers' Association Board of Directors. The concerns about and reasons against a move have been discussed by those in the profession.
Real-Time Octree Generation from Rotating Objects

The construction of a three-dimensional object model from a set of images taken from different viewpoints is an important problem in computer vision. One of the simplest ways to do this is to use the silhouettes of the object (the binary classification of images into object and background) to can construct a bounding volume for the object. To efficiently represent this volume, we use an octree, which represents the object as a tree of recursively subdivided cubes. We develop a new algorithm for computing the octree bounding volume from multiple silhouettes, and apply it to an object rotating on a turntable in front of a stationary camera. The algorithm performs a limited amount of processing for each viewpoint, and incrementally builds the volumetric model. The resulting algorithm requires less total computation than previous algorithms, runs in real-time, and builds a model whose resolution improves over time.
PIES: Protocol independent energy saving algorithm

The PIES algorithm presents a new energy saving technique that helps conserve energy that is consumed by the wireless interfaces of ad hoc network nodes. PIES is not a routing algorithm, rather it is an algorithm that works in conjunction with existing routing protocols to help those protocols make decisions regarding energy conservation. PIES functionality conforms to the principle of energy fairness amongst network nodes and does not intervene with the core functionality of the underlying routing protocol. It is a distributed algorithm whose functionality does not depend on any single node or set of nodes within the network. In addition, PIES does not introduce any significant additional traffic or energy costs to the network and its nodes and can be configured to have no additional traffic or energy costs. Simulations show that PIES can generate energy savings of about 50% and extends the lifetime of the network by about 70%.
Fast Shortest Path Algorithms for Large Road Networks

Shortest Path problems are among the most studied network flow optimisation problems, with interesting applications in a range of fields. One such application is in the field of GPS routing systems. These systems need to quickly solve large shortest path problems but are typically embedded in devices with limited memory and external storage. Conventional techniques for solving shortest paths within large networks cannot be used as they are either too slow or require huge amounts of storage. In this project we have tried to reduce the runtime of conventional techniques by exploiting the physical structure of the road network and using network pre-processing techniques. Our algorithms may not guarantee optimal results but can offer significant savings in terms of memory requirements and processing speed. Our work uses heuristic estimates to bound the search and direct it towards a destination. We also associate a radius with each node that gives a measure of importance for roads in the network. The further we get from either the origin or destination the more selective we become about the roads we travel on, giving priority to roads with greater importance (i.e. roads with larger radii). By using these techniques we were able to dramatically reduce the runtime performance compared to conventional techniques while still maintaining an acceptable level of accuracy.
Cytotoxic effect of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized via seaweed aqueous extract

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs) are among the most useful metal nanoparticles for multiple applications across a broad spectrum in the biomedical field, including the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In previous work, we synthesized and characterized Fe3O4 MNPs using a simple, rapid, safe, efficient, one-step green method involving reduction of ferric chloride solution using brown seaweed (Sargassum muticum) aqueous extract containing hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino functional groups mainly relevant to polysaccharides, which acts as a potential stabilizer and metal reductant agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity and cellular effects of these Fe3O4 MNPs. Their in vitro anticancer activity was demonstrated in human cell lines for leukemia (Jurkat cells), breast cancer (MCF-7 cells), cervical cancer (HeLa cells), and liver cancer (HepG2 cells). The cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of Fe3O4 MNPs, and an MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was used to test for cytotoxicity, resulting in an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value of 23.83±1.1 μg/mL (HepG2), 18.75±2.1 μg/mL (MCF-7), 12.5±1.7 μg/mL (HeLa), and 6.4±2.3 μg/mL (Jurkat) 72 hours after treatment. Therefore, Jurkat cells were selected for further investigation. The representative dot plots from flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis showed that the percentages of cells in early apoptosis and late apoptosis were increased. Cell cycle analysis showed a significant increase in accumulation of Fe3O4 MNP-treated cells at sub-G1 phase, confirming induction of apoptosis by Fe3O4 MNPs. The Fe3O4 MNPs also activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 in a time-response fashion. The nature of the biosynthesis and therapeutic potential of Fe3O4 MNPs could pave the way for further research on the green synthesis of therapeutic agents, particularly in nanomedicine, to assist in the treatment of cancer.
Estimating a Dirichlet distribution

The Dirichlet distribution and its compound variant, the Dirichlet-multinomial, are two of the most basic models for proportional data, such as the mix of vocabulary words in a text document. Yet the maximum-likelihood estimate of these distributions is not available in closed-form. This paper describes simple and efficient iterative schemes for obtaining parameter estimates in these models. In each case, a fixed-point iteration and a Newton-Raphson (or generalized Newton-Raphson) iteration is provided. 1 The Dirichlet distribution The Dirichlet distribution is a model of how proportions vary. Let p denote a random vector whose elements sum to 1, so that pk represents the proportion of item k. Under the Dirichlet model with parameter vector α, the probability density at p is p(p) ∼ D(α1, ., αK) = Γ( ∑ k αk) ∏ k Γ(αk) ∏ k pk k (1) where pk > 0 (2)
Transcriptional Regulation of Interleukin (IL)-8 by Bradykinin in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells Involves Prostanoid-dependent Activation of AP-1 and Nuclear Factor (NF)-IL-6 and Prostanoid-independent Activation of NF-κB*

Bradykinin (BK) is a potent neutrophil chemotractant, proinflammatory mediator, and angiogenic factor, which acts through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here we studied the mechanisms involved in IL-8 generation by BK in human airway smooth muscle cells focusing on the transcription factors involved and role of endogenous prostanoids in transcription factor activation. Transfection experiments with wild-type IL-8 promoter constructs or constructs with NF-κB, AP-1, and NF-IL-6 binding site mutations suggested that all three transcription factors were necessary for optimal IL-8 expression. BK increased NF-κB, AP-1, and NF-IL-6 binding to the IL-8 promoter by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. NF-κB, the most important transcription factor in the current study, was translocated to the nucleus after BK stimulation. Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, partially inhibited IL-8 release and the promoter binding of AP-1 and NF-IL-6, but not NF-κB. Furthermore, exogenous prostaglandin E2 stimulated AP-1 and NF-IL-6 binding to the IL-8 promoter. The anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid dexamethasone inhibited NF-κB translocation and the promoter binding of NF-κB, AP-1, and NF-IL-6. These results are the first to delineate the transcription factors involved in BK induced IL-8 release. Transcriptional activation of the IL-8 promoter by BK involves the prostanoid-independent activation of NF-κB, and prostanoid-dependent activation of AP-1 and NF-IL-6 plays a key role in augmenting the response. Endogenous prostanoid generation in response to GPCR ligands such as BK may be an important mechanism whereby GPCRs signal to the nucleus to maximize the transcription of inflammatory response genes.
The disulfide relay system of mitochondria is connected to the respiratory chain

All proteins of the intermembrane space of mitochondria are encoded by nuclear genes and synthesized in the cytosol. Many of these proteins lack presequences but are imported into mitochondria in an oxidation-driven process that relies on the activity of Mia40 and Erv1. Both factors form a disulfide relay system in which Mia40 functions as a receptor that transiently interacts with incoming polypeptides via disulfide bonds. Erv1 is a sulfhydryl oxidase that oxidizes and activates Mia40, but it has remained unclear how Erv1 itself is oxidized. Here, we show that Erv1 passes its electrons on to molecular oxygen via interaction with cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase. This connection to the respiratory chain increases the efficient oxidation of the relay system in mitochondria and prevents the formation of toxic hydrogen peroxide. Thus, analogous to the system in the bacterial periplasm, the disulfide relay in the intermembrane space is connected to the electron transport chain of the inner membrane.
Mechanism of cell-intrinsic adaptation to Adams-Oliver Syndrome gene DOCK6 disruption highlights ubiquitin-like modifier ISG15 as a regulator of RHO GTPases

ABSTRACT DOCK6 is a RAC1/CDC42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, however, little is known about its function and sub-cellular localization. DOCK6 regulates the balance between RAC1 and RHOA activity during cell adhesion and is important for CDC42-dependent mitotic chromosome alignment. Surprisingly, a cell intrinsic adaptation mechanism compensates for errors in these DOCK6 functions that arise as a consequence of prolonged DOCK6 depletion or complete removal in DOCK6 knockout cells. Down-regulation of the ubiquitin-like modifier ISG15 accounts for this adaptation. Strikingly, although most other DOCK family proteins are deployed on the plasma membrane, here we show that DOCK6 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in dependence of its DHR-1 domain. ER localization of DOCK6 opens up new insights into its functions.
Latent hierarchical structural learning for object detection

We present a latent hierarchical structural learning method for object detection. An object is represented by a mixture of hierarchical tree models where the nodes represent object parts. The nodes can move spatially to allow both local and global shape deformations. The models can be trained discriminatively using latent structural SVM learning, where the latent variables are the node positions and the mixture component. But current learning methods are slow, due to the large number of parameters and latent variables, and have been restricted to hierarchies with two layers. In this paper we describe an incremental concave-convex procedure (iCCCP) which allows us to learn both two and three layer models efficiently. We show that iCCCP leads to a simple training algorithm which avoids complex multi-stage layer-wise training, careful part selection, and achieves good performance without requiring elaborate initialization. We perform object detection using our learnt models and obtain performance comparable with state-of-the-art methods when evaluated on challenging public PASCAL datasets. We demonstrate the advantages of three layer hierarchies - outperforming Felzenszwalb et al.'s two layer models on all 20 classes.
Re-Visualization: Interactive Visualization of the Process of Visual Analysis

Despite the analytical power of geographic visualization, it remains difficult for users of these tools to save, re-use, or re-visit what they have discovered. Most current systems are limited to providing screen captures and can only save basic data and layout settings. Since the interactivity of geovisualization is so critical to its utility, there is currently a need for new methods to capture and make use of this rich set of interactions. This paper describes Re-Visualization, a method that can capture and re-use analysis sessions. Low-level state changes are collected during analysis and saved into sessions. These sessions can then be replayed in a way that allows users to review and explore their interactions. During analysis, users can leave breadcrumbs behind that mark portions of the analysis for followup. We outline design guidelines for a toolkit called ReVise that implements ReVisualization. Finally, we describe our substantial progress toward implementing ReVise in the Improvise visualization environment.
Medium Plays a Role in Determining Expression of acrB, marA, and soxS in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Analysis of expression of acrB, marA, and soxS in rich and minimal media, at early and late logarithmic growth phases, showed that acrB had increased expression in minimal medium compared to rich medium, but expression decreased dose dependently upon exposure to ciprofloxacin.
COMPUTING SYSTEM OF PROGRAMS PROVING

The paper is devoted to the methods of programs proving in the Insertion Modeling System IMS. Architecture and functional possibilities of IMS, the main notions of insertion modeling were presented in this work. Floyd’s insertion machine and the methods of the satisfiability checking, and the usage of those methods for programs proving were described in the paper.
PhysicsBox: playful educational tabletop games

We present PhysicsBox, a collection of three multi-touch, physics-based, educational games. These games, based on concepts from elementary science have been designed to provide teachers with tools to enrich lessons and support experimentation. PhysicsBox combines two current trends, the introduction of multi-touch tabletops into classrooms and research on the use of simulated physics in tabletop applications. We also provide a Java library that supports hardware independent multi-touch event handling for several tabletops.
Genome-Wide Analysis of DNACopyNumber Alterations and Loss of Heterozygosity in Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors

Keita Terashima, MD,* Alexander Yu, BS, Wing-Yuk T. Chow, PhD, Wei-chun J. Hsu, MD, Peikai Chen, PhD, Stephen Wong, PhD, Yeung Sam Hung, PhD, Tomonari Suzuki, MD, PhD, Ryo Nishikawa, MD, PhD, Masao Matsutani, MD, PhD, Hideo Nakamura, MD, PhD, Ho-Keung Ng, MD, Jeffrey C. Allen, MD, Kenneth D. Aldape, MD, Jack M. Su, MD, Adekunle M. Adesina, MD, PhD, Hon-chiu E. Leung, PhD, Tsz-Kwong Man, PhD, and Ching C. Lau, MD, PhD
New Method for Evaluation of Video Segmentation Quality

Segmentation is an important stage in image/video analysis and understanding. There are many different approaches and algorithms for image/video segmentation, hence their evaluation is also important in order to assess the quality of segmentation results. Nonetheless, so far there was little research aimed specifically at evaluation of video segmentation quality. In this article, we propose the criteria of good quality of video segmentation suitable for assessment of video segmentations by including a requirement for temporal region consistency. We also propose a new method for evaluation of video segmentation quality on the basis of the proposed criteria. The new method can be used both for supervised and unsupervised evaluation. We designed a test video set specifically for evaluation of our method and evaluated the proposed method using both this set and segmentations of real life videos. We compared our method against a state of the art supervised evaluation method. The comparison showed that our method is better at evaluation of perceptual qualities of video segmentations as well as at highlighting certain defects of video segmentations.
The importomer peroxins are differentially required for peroxisome assembly and meiotic development in Podospora anserina: insights into a new peroxisome import pathway

Peroxisome biogenesis relies on two known peroxisome matrix protein import pathways that are mediated by the receptors PEX5 and PEX7. These pathways converge at the importomer, a peroxisome‐membrane complex that is required for protein translocation into peroxisomes and consists of docking and RING–finger subcomplexes. In the fungus Podospora anserina, the RING–finger peroxins are crucial for meiocyte formation, while PEX5, PEX7 or the docking peroxin PEX14 are not. Here we show that PEX14 and the PEX14‐related protein PEX14/17 are differentially involved in peroxisome import during development. PEX14/17 activity does not compensate for loss of PEX14 function, and elimination of both proteins has no effect on meiocyte differentiation. In contrast, the docking peroxin PEX13, and the peroxins implicated in peroxisome membrane biogenesis PEX3 and PEX19, are required for meiocyte formation. Remarkably, the PTS2 coreceptor PEX20 is also essential for meiocyte differentiation and this function does not require PEX5 or PEX7. This finding suggests that PEX20 can mediate the import receptor activity of specific peroxisome matrix proteins. Our results suggest a new pathway for peroxisome import, which relies on PEX20 as import receptor and which seems critically required for specific developmental processes, like meiocyte differentiation in P. anserina.
Scalable real-time parking lot classification: An evaluation of image features and supervised learning algorithms

The time-consuming search for parking lots could be assisted by efficient routing systems. Still, the needed vacancy detection is either very hardware expensive, lacks detail or does not scale well for industrial application. This paper presents a video-based system for cost-effective detection of vacant parking lots, and an extensive evaluation with respect to the system's transferability to unseen environments. Therefore, different image features and learning algorithms were examined on three independent datasets for an unbiased validation. A feature / classifier combination which solved the given task against the background of a robustly scalable system, which does not require re-training on new parking areas, was found. In addition, the best feature provides high performance on gray value surveillance cameras. The final system reached an accuracy of 92.33% to 99.96%, depending on the parking rows' distance, using DoG-features and a support vector machine.
Mechanosensitive activation of K+ channel via phospholipase C‐induced depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate in B lymphocytes

In various types of cells mechanical stimulation of the plasma membrane activates phospholipase C (PLC). However, the regulation of ion channels via mechanosensitive degradation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) is not known yet. The mouse B cells express large conductance background K+ channels (LKbg) that are inhibited by PIP2. In inside‐out patch clamp studies, the application of MgATP (1 mm) also inhibited LKbg due to the generation of PIP2 by phosphoinositide (PI)‐kinases. In the presence of MgATP, membrane stretch induced by negative pipette pressure activated LKbg, which was antagonized by PIP2 (> 1 μm) or higher concentration of MgATP (5 mm). The inhibition by PIP2 was partially reversible. However, the application of methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, a cholesterol scavenger disrupting lipid rafts, induced the full recovery of LKbg activity and facilitated the activation by stretch. In cell‐attached patches, LKbg were activated by hypotonic swelling of B cells as well as by negative pressure. The mechano‐activation of LKbg was blocked by U73122, a PLC inhibitor. Neither actin depolymerization nor the inhibition of lipid phosphatase blocked the mechanical effects. Direct stimulation of PLC by m‐3M3FBS or by cross‐linking IgM‐type B cell receptors activated LKbg. Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy showed that the hypotonic swelling of WEHI‐231 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCγ2 and PIP2 hydrolysis of plasma membrane. The time dependence of PIP2 hydrolysis and LKbg activation were similar. The presence of LKbg and their stretch sensitivity were also proven in fresh isolated mice splenic B cells. From the above results, we propose a novel mechanism of stretch‐dependent ion channel activation, namely, that the degradation of PIP2 caused by stretch‐activated PLC releases LKbg from the tonic inhibition by PIP2.
Personal continuity and the care of patients with epilepsy in general practice.

BACKGROUND So far no study has shown that patients with a chronic illness benefit from seeing the same doctor in general practice although many believe this to be so. AIM Epilepsy was chosen as an example to test the hypothesis that if patients see the same doctor more often in general practice they are more likely to discuss personally important aspects of their illness. METHODS In this cross-sectional survey 99 patients aged 15-84 years with active epilepsy were interviewed at home and then their records were reviewed. The patients came from four large Southampton group practices, one with a strict personal list system and three with combined lists. Outcome measures included reported discussion of feelings about stopping medication, stigma and concealment and the patient's relationship with practice doctors. Continuity was assessed from the records. RESULTS Discussion of epilepsy was not significantly associated with continuity of doctor but was significantly associated with ease of talking to one or more doctors. CONCLUSION Encouraging patients with epilepsy to see the same doctor may be less important than improving doctors' communication skills and paying specific attention to the psychosocial aspects of epilepsy as well as to seizure control. It is recommended that a simple checklist including these items is used when a patient's care is reviewed.