Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends in the prevalences of congenital anomalies and age at motherhood in a southern European region: a population-based study

Objectives To estimate the prevalences of the main groups of congenital anomalies and to assess their trend over time. Design Population-based study of prevalences. Setting The Basque Country, Spain. Participants All births and all congenital anomalies diagnosed prenatally, at birth or during the first year of age, in all hospitals of the country, from 1999 to 2008. Main outcomes measures Total diagnosed prevalences and prevalences at birth of all chromosomal and non-chromosomal anomalies, Down's syndrome, anomalies of the nervous system, urinary, limbs, digestive system and congenital heart defects. Results Mean age (SD) of women at childbirth and the proportion of them over 35 years of age shifted from 32.1 (4.5) years, with 18.3% in 1999–2001, to 32.3 (4.7) years, with 23.9% in 2006–2008. Between 1999 and 2008, 991 cases of chromosomal anomalies and 3090 of non-chromosomal anomalies were diagnosed, which yields, respectively, total prevalences of 5.2‰ and of 16.2‰. Among chromosomal anomalies, Down's syndrome is the most frequent (2.9‰). With marginal statistical significance, the results point at an increasing trend in total diagnosed chromosomal anomalies, but a decreasing one in prevalences at birth. Among non-chromosomal congenital anomalies, congenital heart defects are the most frequent (5.2‰) one. Rates of all non-chromosomal, urinary and limb anomalies grew during the study period, whereas those of congenital heart defects and anomalies of the digestive system did not change significantly. Conclusions In the Basque Country, rates of chromosomal anomalies are higher than the overall estimated prevalence in European countries, and continue to increase slightly, which may be related to the rise in maternal age. Rates of non-chromosomal anomalies are within the European frequent range of values, and the increases observed need to be checked in the following years.
The analysis of the effect on the moth-eye antireflection microstructure shape error

Through the rigorous coupled wave theory (RCWA), the shape error antireflective moth-eye cycle microstructure is studied, as well as the three characteristic parameters( period, groove height and wavelength) of the conical moth-eye antireflection microstructures groove are analyzed. By the simulation Matlab software, it is found that the grating period are 2. 2μm and 1. 4μm and the highest and minimum reflectivity of the microstructure are about 2.4% and 0.2% respectively. Simultaneously, as the period, wavelength and refractive index are decided, the groove height is much higher while the reflectivity will be much lower. In addition, different wavelengths gain the different reflectivity. The study of the three characteristic parameters is too useful to design and manufacture the moth-eye antireflection microstructures. Also the applicability of the rigorous coupled-wave theory is studied in this paper.
Black Hole Attack Detection and Performance Improvement in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

ABSTRACT Security is an essential service for mobile network communications. Routing plays an important role in the security of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). A wide variety of attacks targets the weakness of MANETs. By attacking the routing protocols, attackers can absorb network traffic, injecting themselves into the path between the source and destination. The black hole attack is one of the routing attacks where a malicious node advertise itself as having the shortest path to all nodes in the network by sending fake route reply. In this paper, a defense scheme for detecting black hole node is proposed. The detection is based on the timing information and destination sequence numbers maintained in the Neighborhood Route Monitoring Table. The table maintains the record of time of Reply. A black hole node will send a route reply message without checking the routing table as the legitimate node normally does. This reduced reply time is used to detect the black hole node. To improve the security further, the destination sequence number is checked with the threshold value, which is dynamically updated. The simulation results demonstrate that the protocol not only detects black hole attack but also improves the overall performance.
Monetary Transmission Mechanism in Pakistan: Credit Channel or Interest Rate Channel

This study uses vector autoregressive approach to estimate the relative importance of credit and interest rate channels in the monetary transmission mechanism of Pakistan by covering the period from 1991-Q3 to 2012-Q2. The purpose of the study is to explore the role played by monetary policy shocks in economic fluctuations. The results based on variance decomposition analysis and impulse response function demonstrate that for the combine sample period covering from 1991-Q3 to 2012-Q2 both the credit and interest rate channels seem ineffective and it was difficult to distinguish which channel is more important during this period in Pakistan's case. The sample period was then divided into two subsample periods and both the channels were observed in two subsample periods. However, credit channel was dominant in the first sample covering 1991-Q3 to 2000-Q4 and interest rate channel performs a much greater role in transmitting policy shocks in the second sample period of 2001-Q1 to 2012Q2. Hence, it is concluded that the role of both transmission channels changed during the last two decades. The role of the credit channel in transmitting monetary shocks has considerably weakened since the early 2000s, whereas interest rate channel is more important during this period. These results have important implications for policy design, supporting a greater emphasis on financial prices than the quantity of credit in order to accomplish the targets of monetary policy in Pakistan.
DNA fragmentation in V79 cells irradiated with light ions as measured by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. I. Experimental results

Purpose : To compare the results on DNA fragmentation induced in Chinese hamster V79 cells by various doses of γ-rays and low-energy protons and helium-4 ions. Materials and methods : V79 cells were irradiated as monolayers with monoenergetic protons and helium-4 ions; γ-rays were used as the reference radiation. DNA double-strand breaks were evaluated by calibrated pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using conditions covering the range 5.7 Mbp-23.1 kbp. Results : The fragment-counting method gave double-strand breaks yields and the relative biological effectiveness higher than those obtained by the fraction of activity released method. The frequency distribution of fragments showed that protons and helium ions induced more fragments below the Mbp region than did γ-rays at the same dose. The distributions for both the irradiated and non-irradiated samples clearly appeared to be non-random. Conclusion : Differences were observed in the yield and spatial correlation, at a molecular size scale characteristic of loop dimensions, of the double-strand breaks induced by γ-rays and by light ions. These effects may have a role in the observed different cell response to these radiations.
Peripheral neuropathy in acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans ‐ a late Borrelia manifestation

Clinical and/or neurophysiological signs of peripheral neuropathy were found in 64% of 63 consecutive untreated patients with the late borrelial manifestation acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA). The neuropathy frequency was significantly higher in the patients than in 30 age‐ and sex‐matched control persons of whom 27% had neuropathy findings. The most common neuropathy in ACA was a symmetric distal sensory polyneuropathy. In a subgroup of patients with localized or asymmetric neuropathy, the changes were found more often in extremities with than without visible ACA lesions. Neuropathy symptoms, most often pain and/or paresthesia, were present in 64% of the patients, compared to in 13% of the control persons. Thus, both symptoms and signs of neuropathy were significantly more frequent in patients with untreated ACA than in control subjects.
Designing for problem-based learning: A comparative study of technology professional development

Despite of much focus on professional development aimed specifically at developing teachers’ technology integration skills, rigorous studies of effective PD (professional development) are lacking. Evidence is also lacking on how these skills can best be integrated with pedagogical and content knowledge to improve student learning. The purpose of this article is to present two “design-oriented” TTPD (technology-related teacher professional development) designs and investigate the designs’ impact on teachers. In one TTPD (tech-only), teachers learned technology skills to create activities using online learning resources. In the other (tech+PBL), teachers learned to create PBL (problem-based learning) activities using online resources. All teachers implemented these activities with their students. Findings indicate similarities and differences across several outcomes, including teacher knowledge, teacher attitude, usage of PBL and Web usage data. In addition, an instrument was developed to measure the students’ self-reported knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding their teachers’ implemented activities. The instrument was shown to be valid and reliable.
Carboxyfluorescein Diacetate Succinimidyl Ester Facilitates Cell Tracing and Colocalization Studies in Bioartificial Organ Engineering

Background We demonstrate a method that includes colocalization studies to analyze cell suspensions after isolation and to characterize 3-dimensional grafts consisting of cells and matrix in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were labelled by CFDA-SE after harvest. Cells in the isolated cell suspension, the embodied cells in the seeded scaffolds were characterized measuring features such as viability and distribution of the cell types. Results Selective cell count revealed high yields of viable cardiomyocytes. After seeding cells in collagen matrix, viability of the cells decreased gradually in the time process in vitro. Histology of implanted bioartificial myocardial tissue detected viable cardiomyocytes within the graft. Conclusion Using colocalization histology we could label and track cells within the bioartificial myocardial tissue graft in vitro and post implant and assess viability and distribution.
Current status of antibody therapy in ALL

Despite the significant advances in modern chemotherapy, it remains challenging to treat adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The relapse rate remains high, and the outcome at the time of relapse is dismal. Antibody‐based therapies have demonstrated promising results in this patient group. Variable mechanisms have been applied to target surface antigens (CD20 [also termed MS4A1], CD22, CD52 and CD19) that are commonly expressed on malignant leukaemia cells. In this review, we will focus on the clinical application of such therapies in adult ALL, including the naked antibodies: Rituximab, Ofatumumab, Epratuzumab and Alemtuzumab; the immunotoxins: BL22 and Combotox; the immunoconjugates: inotuzumab and SAR 3419; as well as the Bi‐specific T cell engaging (BiTE)‐specific antibody, Blinatumomab.
Egy életminőség-rangsor a hazautalások alapján

A hazautalasok a vendegmunkasok es az őket kuldő orszagok kozotti kapcsolat egyik fontos merőszamat jelentik. Ez egyben szamszerűsitett mutatoja lehet annak is, hogy a sajat hazajukhoz kepest mely orszagokat reszesitik előnyben az emberek, igy egy eletminőseg jellegű rangsort allithatunk fel azok kozott. Az elemzeshez a Vilagbank adatait hasznaltuk 2010-től 2015-ig, az adatbazis a nemzetkozi munkaber, illetve a szemelyek kozotti bilateralis utalasokat tartalmazza. A javasolt merőszam fuggetlen az orszagok meretetől, es figyelembe veszi a teljes halozat felepiteset, azt feltetelezve, hogy minden egysegnyi atutalas felfoghato egy preferenciakent a ket erintett orszag kozott.
Charging method for the second battery in dual inverter drive systems for electric vehicles

A dual inverter with an open-end winding motor configuration is an attractive method to supply a higher voltage to a motor for electric vehicle (EV) applications. A topology utilizing two isolated dc sources is considered to reap the advantages of reliability and high voltage. Although this design may require two battery chargers, in this study, the use of only one charger to a main battery was considered. The central issue is to charge the secondary battery from the main battery via the motor, whether it is at a standstill or running. The inverter voltage margin remaining after motor torque production determines the charging capacity. The unity power factor operation is shown to be useful to maximize the charging power. Simulations and experiments are presented that show the validity of the proposed scheme.
Adaptively Weighted 2DPCA Based on Local Feature for Face Recognition

Two dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) extracts the global feature of human face, but the local feature is very important to face recognition. In this paper, adaptively weighted 2DPCA based on local feature is proposed. It combines above approaches through separating original images into multi-blocks. Firstly, the face image is separated into three independent sub-blocks according to the local features. Secondly, 2DPCA is applied to the sub-blocks independently. Then the method adaptively computes the contributions made by each sub-block and endows them to the classification in order to improve the recognition performance. The experiments on the ORL and Yale face databases demonstrate the proposed methodpsilas effectiveness and feasibility.
Among High-Risk 9-Year-Olds Factor Structure and Construct Validity of the Parent-Reported Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits

The presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits delineates a subgroup of youth with severe antisocial behavior. However, debate surrounds the best method to assess CU traits. This study examined the factor structure of the parent-reported Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) among high-risk 9-year-olds (N = 540) and its predictive validity over 1 year. Confirmatory factor analysis showed support for a three-factor bifactor model and revised two-factor model using a shortened ICU. Within a three-factor bifactor framework the general CU traits factor and specific uncaring factor scores were related to higher externalizing and lower internalizing behavior problems at ages 9.5 and 10.5. Findings were replicated using teacher-reported outcomes. However, results also suggest the need for item refinement and highlight the utility of a two-factor solution using a shortened ICU. In particular, the meaning of the unemotional items is discussed in relation to the conceptualization of CU traits.
Risk Factors for Fecal Colonization With Multiple Distinct Strains of Escherichia coli Among Long-Term Care Facility Residents

Of 49 long-term care facility residents, 21 (43%) were colonized with 2 or more distinct strains of Escherichia coli. There were no significant risk factors for colonization with multiple strains of E. coli. These results suggest that future efforts to efficiently identify the diversity of colonizing strains will be challenging.
Proteomic analysis of a meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine prepared from the group B strain NZ98/254

In the absence of a suitable carbohydrate‐based vaccine, outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines have been used to disrupt outbreaks of serogroup B meningococcal disease for more than 20 years. Proteomic technology provides physical methods with the potential to assess the composition and consistency of these complex vaccines. 2‐DE, combined with MS, were used to generate a proteome map of an OMV vaccine, developed to disrupt a long‐running outbreak of group B disease in New Zealand. Seventy four spots from the protein map were identified including the outer membrane protein (OMP) antigens: PorA, PorB, RmpM and OpcA. Protein identification indicates that, in addition to OMPs, OMV vaccines contain periplasmic, membrane‐associated and cytoplasmic proteins. 2‐D‐DIGE technology highlighted differences between preclinical development batches of vaccines from two different manufacturers.
Synchronization of Cellular Clocks in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Individual cellular clocks in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the circadian center, are integrated into a stable and robust pacemaker with a period length of about 24 hours. We used real-time analysis of gene expression to show synchronized rhythms of clock gene transcription across hundreds of neurons within the mammalian SCN in organotypic slice culture. Differentially phased neuronal clocks are topographically arranged across the SCN. A protein synthesis inhibitor set all cell clocks to the same initial phase and, after withdrawal, intrinsic interactions among cell clocks reestablished the stable program of gene expression across the assemblage. Na+-dependent action potentials contributed to establishing cellular synchrony and maintaining spontaneous oscillation across the SCN.
Is There a Democracy–Civil Society Paradox in Global Environmental Governance?

Civil society is commonly assumed to have a positive effect on international cooperation. This paper sheds light on one important facet of this assumption: we examine the impact of environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) on ratification behavior of countries vis-à-vis international environmental agreements (IEAs). The main argument of the paper focuses on a “democracy-civil society paradox”: although ENGOs have a positive effect on ratification of IEAs on average, this effect decreases with increasing levels of democracy. This argument is counter-intuitive and appears paradoxical because democracy is generally associated both with a more active civil society and more international cooperation. The reasons for this hypothesized effect pertain to public demand for environmental public goods provision, government incentives, and problems of collective action among ENGOs. To test the net effect of ENGOs on countries' ratification behavior, the paper uses a new dataset on ENGOs in the time-period 1973–2006. The results offer strong support for the presumed democracy–civil society paradox.
PD-L 1 expression in tumour buds of colorectal carcinoma

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Suivi de visages par regroupement de détections : traitement séquentiel par blocs

Cet article decrit une methode de partitionnement des visages d'une sequence video; elle se base sur une methode de type tracking-by-detections et utilise une modelisation probabiliste de type Maximum A Posteriori, resolu par un algorithme s'appuyant sur une recherche de flot de cout minimal sur un graphe. Face aux contraintes de densite, mouvement et taille des detections de visage issues de la videosurveillance, les travaux presentes apportent deux contributions : (1) la definition de differentes dissimilarites (spatiale, temporelle, apparence et mouvement) combinees de facon simple et (2) la mise en œuvre d'une version sequentielle par blocs d'images qui permet de traiter des flux videos. La methode proposee est evaluee sur plusieurs sequences reelles annotees.
RIVA : A Real-Time Information Visualization and analysis platform for social media sentiment trend

In the social network, thousands of people produce data at the same time, and a huge amount of data will be produced in seconds. In addition, the number of users in the social network is increasing rapidly, and the data growth is expanding faster than before. To make good use of these data, in this paper we propose a Real-time Information Visualization and Analysis framework — RIVA to collect data from the social network, such as Twitter, by using Spark cloud computing platform to discover popular topics around the world. We also conduct the sentiment analysis to get people's sentiment for each issue and show the positive and negative sentiment distributions. Moreover, we fetch web news titles to check if they are consistent with the results from social network data analysis. Our experimental results show RIVA can process data in real-time, obtain and visualize information according to heterogeneous sources immediately.
A Metamodel for clinical data integration

Durante las ultimas decadas se ha extendido la implantacion de sistemas de informacion en las organizaciones sanitarias, proporcionando un adecuado soporte a los principales procesos de las mismas. Sin embargo, a pesar de los avances producidos durante los ultimos anos en las tecnologias de la informacion y la comunicacion, los sistemas actuales no son capaces de proporcionar un verdadero soporte a los profesionales sanitarios en su practica diaria y sus actividades de investigacion. Como consecuencia de la variedad de organizaciones sanitarias existentes y la heterogeneidad de los sistemas de informacion en uso, los sistemas actuales de Historia Clinica Electronica no son capaces de mostrar a los profesionales sanitarios una vision conceptualmente consolidada del estado de salud de los pacientes. Los datos clinicos de los pacientes se encuentran fragmentados tanto entre diferentes sistemas de informacion como dentro de los mismos, de modo que los profesionales deben interpretar las relaciones entre los mismos asi como inferir relaciones ausentes. En este escenario, la interoperabilidad semantica es considerada por la comunidad cientifica como un factor esencial para que los sistemas de HCE constituyan una ayuda para mejorar la calidad y seguridad de la atencion a los pacientes, la salud publica, la investigacion clinica y la gestion sanitaria. En esta tesis proponemos OntoEHR, una arquitectura conceptual para un nuevo sistema de HCE semanticamente interoperable, enfocado sobre el proceso clinico y dirigido por ontologias. Tanto los elementos conceptuales como estructurales del sistema son definidos explicitamente mediante ontologias OWL, conforme a un metamodelo declarativo que dirige el sistema. Los datos clinicos procedentes de diferentes fuentes son almacenados e integrados en un repositorio clinico, conforme con la norma CEN/ISO 13606, que es capaz de comunicar los datos clinicos mediante extractos CEN/ISO 13606. Por ultimo, proponemos un modelo de Historia Clinica Orientada por Problemas, basada en la norma CEN/ISO 13940, para representar los datos clinicos de los pacientes, asegurando una continuidad asistencial segura y eficiente. Esta tesis no propone ningun sistema de HCE especifico y completo, sino las bases para construir tales sistemas.