Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mini-Mental State Examination for the Detection of Alzheimer Disease and Other Dementias in People With Mild Cognitive Impairment.

NURSING IMPLICATIONS The evidence base for use of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) as a predictor of dementia is scarce. However, the MMSE is the best known and most frequently used short screening instrument available to provide an overall measure of cognitive impairment in clinical, community, and research settings. The MMSE is a 30-item tool that assesses attention and orientation, memory, recall, calculation, language, and cognitive function. It is available in multiple languages, is easy to administer, and is accepted by healthprofessionals and researchers as adiagnostic instrument. Advanced practice nurses are committed to supporting evidence-based practices for care of patients with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, and other dementias. The prevalence of patients with cognitive and functional impairment is growing from an estimated 35 million people worldwide in 2010 escalating to an estimated 115 million patients afflicted by 2050. This public health issue has implications for delivery of health services, implementation of appropriate therapeutic actions, and planning for future health needs. The American Academy of Neurology, the National Institute on Aging, and the Alzheimer Association have endorsed assessment and evaluation of patients with cognitive impairment by using screening tools to determine progression of the disease and to advance therapeutic interventions. Dementia includes a group of neurodegenerative disorders with no known cure typified by progressive loss of cognitive and functional abilities. Signs and symptoms include memory loss, inability to carry out activities of daily living, functional dependence, and behavioral changes. Types of dementia includeAlzheimer disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, and others. Another stage of cognitive function known as mild cognitive impairment includes problems with memory, language skills, thinking, and judgment without cognitive and functional weakening. Patients with mild cognitive impairment are at increased risk for developing dementia. Over time, this condition may improve to normal state or deteriorate to dementia. A definitive diagnosis can be challenging especially when symptoms are subtle. It is helpful to document the cognitive impairment inmedical histories and to combine physical assessment with neuropsychological testing. Other physical and mental disorders that present with cognitive impairmentmust be ruledout. Laboratory tests and radiological examinations (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) assist in a comprehensive examination.
Microvascular and macrovascular complications associated with diabetes in children and adolescents

Department of Pediatrics, Ulleval University˚Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, NorwayCorresponding author:Assoc. Prof. Kim DonaghueThe Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001,Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.Tel: C61 2 9845 3172;fax: C61 2 9845 3170;e-mail: kimd@chw.edu. auAcknowledgments: Esko Wiltshire, Gisela Dahlquist, KennethLee Jones, Edna Roche, Amina Balafrej and Riccardo Bonfanti. Conﬂicts of interest: The authors have declared no conﬂictsof interest.Editors of the ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guide-lines 2009 Compendium: Ragnar Hanas, Kim Donaghue,Georgeanna Klingensmith, and Peter Swift.This article is a chapter in the
Typage et déduction dans le calcul de réécriture. (Type systems and deduction in the rewriting calculus)

Le calcul de reecriture est un lambda-calcul avec filtrage. Cette these est consacree a l'etude de systemes de types pour ce calcul et a son utilisation dans le domaine de la deduction. Nous etudions deux paradigmes de typage. Le premier est inspire du lambda-calcul simplement type, mais un terme peut y etre type sans etre terminant. Nous l'utilisons donc pour representer des programmes et des systemes de reecriture. La seconde famille de systemes de types que nous etudions est adaptee des Pure Type Systems. Nous en demontrons la normalisation forte grâce a une traduction vers le lambda-calcul type. Enfin nous proposons deux approches pour l'utilisation du calcul de reecriture en logique. La premiere consiste a definir des termes de preuve pour la deduction modulo a l'aide des systemes fortement normalisants. Dans la seconde, nous definissons une generalisation de la deduction naturelle et nous montrons que le filtrage est utile pour representer les regles de ce systeme de deduction.
Sketch-based Object Recognition

We present a system that performs sketch-based image retrieval and classiﬁcation. The system enables the user to draw sketches that are used as queries against a dataset of 20,000 sketched images spanning 250 categories. The system returns top matches and uses a weighted voting scheme to estimate the most likely classiﬁcations of the user’s sketch based on those matches. This work demonstrates the potential of the computer to compare and classify hand-drawn images in addition to the more frequently researched digital photographs.
Heliotropic responses of soybean cultivars at three phenological stages and under two water regimes

The objectives of this work were to determine the heliotropic movements of the upper trifoliates for two soybean cultivars, BR 16 and Embrapa 48, during a daily cycle, in three phenological stages and two water regimes, and to estimate the impact of irrigation and daily leaflet movements on agronomic characteristics and grain yield. Heliotropic movements were studied in three phenological stages: V4-V6, V7-V10, and R5 in irrigated and non‑irrigated plots. For each stage, the leaflet elevation and azimuth were measured hourly. Under a low (V4-V6 stage) and mid (V7-V10 stage) leaf area index (LAI) the diaheliotropism was slightly more frequent and intensive in non-irrigated than in irrigated plants, only at early morning and late afternoon hours. At R5 stage (high LAI) the paraheliotropism of superior trifoliates was predominant and more intensive in non-irrigated plants. The heliotropic movements are correlated to carbon gain, but not to environment (light intensity or temperature), for measurements at 11h. 'Embrapa 48' expresses greater paraheliotropism than 'BR 16' at high LAI, while 'BR 16' displays lower heliotropic plasticity under irrigation. In spite of significant heliotropic differences, genotype and water availability treatments did not influence the final grain yield.
Common Enterobacterial Antigen III. Initial Titers and Antibody Response in Bacteremia Caused by Gram-Negative Bacilli

Antibody titers to common enterobacterial antigen (CA) were determined in 141 controls and in acute serum specimens from 206 patients with bacteremia caused by gram-negative organisms. Levels of antibody to CA ranged from 1:160 to 1:2,560 in 95% of control subjects. These levels did not differ significantly from those in acute serum specimens from bacteremic patients with “nonfatal underlying diseases. ” Patients with more severe underlying diseases, “ultimately fatal underlying diseases,” tended to have lower titers of antibody to CA. Human antibody to CA was predominantly of the 19S variety. A fourfold change in antibody titer to CA was observed in convalescent serum obtained after bacteremia in 32% of 108 patients studied. Correlation of titers of antibody to CA in acute serum specimens with the frequency of occurrence of shock or death failed to demonstrate any protective activity of antibody to CA. These complications occurred equally as often in patients with high titers of antibody to CA as in those with low titers.
Real-time hand posture recognition based on hand dominant line using kinect

Depth sensors like Kinect can provide 2.5D depth data, which shows a extreme difference with regular color data. This paper proposes a simple and novel algorithm to perform hand posture classification using depth sensors. We present the notation of hand dominant line which can be used to make our hand descriptor rotation invariant. The recognition system combines our descriptor and SVM classifier and achieves robust hand pose recognition in real time. In cross validation test where half of dataset is used to train while the other half is used to test, we achieve 97.1% success rate on NTU Dataset and 96.2% on a subset of ASL(American Sign Language) dataset.
LR(1) parser generation system: LR(1) error recovery, oracles, and generic tokens

The LR(1) Parser Generation System generates full LR(1) parsers that are comparable in speed and size to those generated by LALR(1) parser generators, such as yacc [5]. In addition to the inherent advantages of full LR(1) parsing, it contains a number of novel features. This paper discusses three of them in detail: an LR(1) grammar specified automatic error recovery algorithm, oracles, and generic tokens. The error recovery algorithm depends on the fact that full LR(1) parse tables preserve context. Oracles are pieces of code that are defined in a grammar and that are executed between the scanner and parser. They are used to resolve token ambiguities, including semantic ones. Generic tokens are used to replace syntactically identical tokens with a single token, which is, in effect, a variable representing a set of tokens.
A second order backward semi-Lagrangian scheme for guiding center problems

In this study, we develop a class of backward semi-Lagrangian finite difference methods for solving nonlinear guiding center models. A key problem in the time discretization is to find the starting point of the characteristic curves arriving at each grid point, which is a highly nonlinear problem with a self-consistency imposed by the Poisson equation. The proposed method is based on the error correction method recently developed by the au-thors. For the error correction method, we introduce a modified Euler’s polygon and solve the induced asymptotically linear differential equation with the mid-point quadrature rule to get the error correction term. It is proved that the proposed method is iteration free and has the convergence order 3 in space and 2 in time. In particular, it is shown that the proposed method has a good performance in computational cost together with a superior mass conservation and a similar conservation in the total kinetic energy compared to the conventional second-order iteration methods.
Sickness , Absenteeism , ‘ Presenteeism ’ and Sick Pay by Monojit Chatterji and

The annual cost of absenteeism from the workplace in the UK has been estimated to be over 1% of GDP. The traditional approach to a discussion of absence has been for the firm to passively accept both wages and sick pay and allow workers to choose their absence behaviour. Most empirical research has been based on this approach. However, if absence is costly why should firms pay extra-statutory sick pay? One reason may be the phenomena of presenteeism (ill workers attending work). This may adversely affect productivity. This paper shows that allowing for presenteeism has important implications for both the design of optimal wage-sick pay contracts and for the interpretation of empirical studies. Specifically, we show that firms will offer a level of sick pay greater than the statutory minimum. JEL Classification: I10, J22, J33, J41.
Further Validation of a Chinese Version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised

Background: There has been an increased effort to understand the nature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in non-Western cultures. In particular, growing research has examined OCD in China, but there are no comprehensive instruments that measure both OCD severity and heterogeneity for characterizing samples. Aims: A validated, comprehensive measure that could be used in China would provide researchers with a useful instrument for evaluating severity and heterogeneity of OCD in a non-Western culture, allowing researchers to better understand the universal and cultural components that play a role in the nature of OCD. Method: The current investigation presents data on the reliability and validity of a Mandarin translation of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (CH-OCI) using both a student (n = 1950) and clinical sample (n = 50 patients with OCD; n = 50 patients with anxiety as a comparison group). Results: Results support the factor structure, convergent and discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the CH-OCI. Conclusions: Validation of the instrument permits researchers and clinicians to measure OCD presentation in Mandarin-speaking samples.
Towards a unified framework for sub-lexical and supra-lexical linguistic modeling

In this thesis, we mainly focused on the integration of knowledge sources within the speech understanding system of a conversational interface. More specifically, we studied the formalization and integration of hierarchical linguistic knowledge at both the sub-lexical level and the supra-lexical level, and proposed a unified framework for integrating hierarchical linguistic knowledge in speech recognition using layered finite-state transducers (FSTs). Within the proposed framework, we developed context-dependent hierarchical linguistic models at both sub-lexical and supra-lexical levels. FSTs were designed and constructed to encode both structure and probability constraints provided by the hierarchical linguistic models. We also studied empirically the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating hierarchical linguistic knowledge into speech recognition using the proposed framework. Another important aspect of achieving more accurate and robust speech recognition is the integration of acoustic knowledge. Typically, along a recognizer's search path, some acoustic units are modeled more reliably than others, due to differences in their acoustic phonetic features and many other factors. We presented a dynamic reliability scoring scheme which can help adjust partial path scores while the recognizer searches through the composed lexical and acoustic-phonetic network. The reliability models were trained on acoustic scores of a correct arc and its immediate competing arcs extending the current partial path. During recognition, if, according to the trained reliability models, an arc can be more easily distinguished from the competing alternatives, that arc is then more likely to be in the right path, and the partial path score can be adjusted accordingly, to reflect such acoustic model reliability information. We applied this reliability scoring scheme in two weather information domains. The first one is the JUPITER system in English, and the second one is the PANDA system in Mandarin Chinese. We demonstrated the effectiveness of the dynamic reliability modeling approach in both cases. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.) (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Polymorphism of the Cell Wall-Anchoring Domain of the Autolysin-Adhesin AtlE and Its Relationship to Sequence Type, as Revealed by Multilocus Sequence Typing of Invasive and Commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains

ABSTRACT We sequenced the adhesin-cell wall-anchoring domain of the atlE gene of 49 invasive and commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. We identified 22 alleles, which could be separated into two main groups: group 1 (alleles 1 and 6 to 16, 32/49 strains) and group 2 (alleles 2 to 5 and 17 to 22, 17/49 strains). Allele 1 (the type strain sequence) was by far the most prevalent (21 of 49 strains). Multilocus sequence typing showed a clear relationship between the atlE allele and the sequence type (ST), with the “nosocomial” ST27 clone and closely related STs expressing group 1 alleles.
A comparison of antenna efficiency measurements performed in two reverberation chambers using non-reference antenna methods

In this paper, we inter-compare the antenna efficiency obtained from two different reverberation chambers using non-reference antenna methods in order to assess the chamber effects on the methods. A directional antenna and an omni-directional antenna are used for this study. It is found that the difference between the results is relatively small with a maximum up to around 10% within their operational frequency bands. These results demonstrate that the non-reference antenna measurement technique, especially the two-antenna method, is robust.
INTRACELLULAR M PROTEIN OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS

Fox, Eugene N. (University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.). Intracellular M protein of group A Streptococcus. J. Bacteriol. 85:536–540. 1963. —A heat-labile M protein antigen in protoplasts of a type 14 strain of group A Streptococcus has been demonstrated in a soluble form in the cytoplasm, and also bound to the protoplasmic membrane. When trypsinized whole cells (from which the M protein on the cell wall had been digested) or protoplasts were extracted with hot HCl, no M protein antigen was detected, although the antigen was routinely extracted from the cell walls of normal streptococci by the hot acid procedure. Various serological techniques, including the use of fluorescein-labeled type-specific antisera, were employed to demonstrate the M antigen in association with the membrane from osmotically lysed protoplasts.
Regulation: the art of control? Regulatory T cells and asthma and allergy

A better understanding of the immunology of regulation may allow preventive or disease modifying treatment for asthma and other respiratory diseases Much is currently made of the control of asthma in therapeutic guidelines. Both the British guidelines and the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) define measures of control of the disease, and recent studies have defined strategies for control using available anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator therapy such as inhaled steroids and long acting β2 agonists.1,2 However, currently available treatments suppress inflammation but do not modify the underlying immunological predisposition to the disease. Asthma is widely recognised as an inflammatory airway disease driven by activation of Th2-type T lymphocytes in both atopic allergic and intrinsic or non-allergic forms.3–5 Recent advances in our understanding of the control of the immunological process have identified regulatory suppressive T cells which can prevent activation of self-reactive or pathological T cells in autoimmune or infectious disease models.6–8 Does this understanding of immune regulation hold the prospect of disease control or even prevention for asthma? The interest of immunologists in actively suppressive T cells was re-awoken by the finding by Sakaguchi and co-workers that depletion of CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes from mice led to development of autoimmune pathology which could be prevented by re-introduction of these cells.9 Such CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells were active in many disease models and could reverse established inflammatory diseases such as colitis.10 These cells were shown to arise by high affinity selection in the thymus and are thought to form a “naturally occurring” regulatory population that is an important part of maintenance of tolerance or non-reactivity of the immune system against itself.11,12 Shevach and co-workers established an in vitro system and showed that CD4+CD25+ T cells failed to proliferate to polyclonal or antigenic …
Radiation Effects in CCD on CMOS Devices: First Analysis of TID and DDD Effects

As CMOS image sensors become more and more attractive and with high performances, it becomes possible to use CCD on CMOS devices with reasonable lengths. However, no study has been done on the radiation hardness of such CCD on CMOS devices. Therefore, we propose in this paper a first study of Charge Transfer Inefficiency (CTI) and dark current degradation under TID and DDD irradiations. To do so, test chips have been processed in conventional deep submicron CMOS imaging technologies, and characterized before and after irradiations.
Validity and repeatability of a modified Baecke questionnaire on physical activity.

BACKGROUND In a pilot study for the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) a modification of the Baecke questionnaire on physical activity was tested for repeatability and relative validity in a population of 134 men and women aged 20-70 years. METHODS For the assessment of repeatability Pearson's correlation coefficients and percentages of agreement after classification in tertiles were computed between administrations of the questionnaire at baseline, and after 5 and 11 months. Relative validity was determined by comparing the questionnaire to a four times repeated 3-day activity diary. RESULTS Repeatability after 5 and 11 months was good, with test-retest correlation coefficients between 0.65 and 0.89 for main sections of the questionnaire. The percentages of agreement, exceeding chance (Cohen's kappa) were 57% and 56% for men (at 5 and 11 months respectively) and 41% and 46% for women. The correlations with the diaries were 0.56 in men and 0.44 in women. Agreement apart from chance between classification in tertiles for both methods was 35% for men and 10% for women. CONCLUSIONS These data show that repeatability is good and relative validity as compared to an activity diary is moderate but well within the range of values found in other studies. The questionnaire is more valid in men than in women.
Evidence for Interspecies Gene Transfer in the Evolution of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Degraders

ABSTRACT Small-subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) from 20 phenotypically distinct strains of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-degrading bacteria was partially sequenced, yielding 18 unique strains belonging to members of the alpha, beta, and gamma subgroups of the classProteobacteria. To understand the origin of 2,4-D degradation in this diverse collection, the first gene in the 2,4-D pathway, tfdA, was sequenced. The sequences fell into three unique classes found in various members of the beta and gamma subgroups of Proteobacteria. None of the α-Proteobacteria yieldedtfdA PCR products. A comparison of the dendrogram of thetfdA genes with that of the SSU rDNA genes demonstrated incongruency in phylogenies, and hence 2,4-D degradation must have originated from gene transfer between species. Only those strains withtfdA sequences highly similar to the tfdAsequence of strain JMP134 (tfdA class I) transferred all the 2,4-D genes and conferred the 2,4-D degradation phenotype to aBurkholderia cepacia recipient.
SMBR: A novel NAT traversal mechanism for structured Peer-to-Peer communications

In recent years, structured P2P communications is being widely used for its features of self-organization as well as good scalability and flexibility. To make sure that every node can participate in such a network whether it is behind a NAT or not, we must solve the NAT traversal problem. However, existing NAT traversal methods all need the support of a centralized server which will destroy the distributive characteristic of structured P2P. In this paper, we propose a distributed NAT traversal mechanism called SMBR (Selective-Message Buddy Relaying) for structured P2P. SMBR has two main advantages. The first one is that it does not need the support of a server and thus can maintain the characteristics of structured P2P. Secondly, SMBR uses different mechanisms for the control messages and data according to their size. For control messages, it uses the method of buddy's relay while for data direct connections can be built with the help of the buddy. Using this mechanism, SMBR can achieve a balance between the traversal time and the buddies' load.