Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Glutamine Synthetase Genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

To elucidate the role of glutamine synthetase (GS) in nitrogen assimilation in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii we used maize GS1 (the cytosolic form) and GS2 (the chloroplastic form) cDNAs as hybridization probes to isolate C. reinhardtii cDNA clones. The amino acid sequences derived from the C. reinhardtii clones have extensive homology with GS enzymes from higher plants. A putative amino-terminal transit peptide encoded by the GS2 cDNA suggests that the protein localizes to the chloroplast. Genomic DNA blot analysis indicated that GS1 is encoded by a single gene, whereas two genomic fragments hybridized to the GS2 cDNA probe. All GS2 cDNA clones corresponded to only one of the two GS2 genomic sequences. We provide evidence that ammonium, nitrate, and light regulate GS transcript accumulation in green algae. Our results indicate that the level of GS1 transcripts is repressed by ammonium but induced by nitrate. The level of GS2 transcripts is not affected by ammonium or nitrate. Expression of both GS1 and GS2 genes is regulated by light, but perhaps through different mechanisms. Unlike in higher plants, no decreased level of GS2 transcripts was detected when cells were grown under conditions that repress photorespiration. Analysis of GS transcript levels in mutants with defects in the nitrate assimilation pathway show that nitrate assimilation and ammonium assimilation are regulated independently.
Interspecies Interactions within Oral Microbial Communities

SUMMARY While reductionism has greatly advanced microbiology in the past 400 years, assembly of smaller pieces just could not explain the whole! Modern microbiologists are learning “system thinking” and “holism. ” Such an approach is changing our understanding of microbial physiology and our ability to diagnose/treat microbial infections. This review uses oral microbial communities as a focal point to describe this new trend. With the common name “dental plaque,” oral microbial communities are some of the most complex microbial floras in the human body, consisting of more than 700 different bacterial species. For a very long time, oral microbiologists endeavored to use reductionism to identify the key genes or key pathogens responsible for oral microbial pathogenesis. The limitations of reductionism forced scientists to begin adopting new strategies using emerging concepts such as interspecies interaction, microbial community, biofilms, polymicrobial disease, etc. These new research directions indicate that the whole is much more than the simple sum of its parts, since the interactions between different parts resulted in many new physiological functions which cannot be observed with individual components. This review describes some of these interesting interspecies-interaction scenarios.
Tau protein is essential for stress-induced brain pathology

Significance Exposure to stressful events is a well-known inducer of neuronal atrophy implicated in the development of neuropsychiatric and neurological pathologies (e.g., depression and Alzheimer’s disease), although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The current study demonstrates that absence of the cytoskeletal protein Tau blocks stress-evoked hippocampal synaptic signaling and morphofunctional damages related to both neuronal structure and connectivity as well as subsequent behavioral deficits. These findings suggest, for the first time to our knowledge, that Tau protein is a key regulator of neuronal malfunction found in stress-driven hippocampal pathology. Exposure to chronic stress is frequently accompanied by cognitive and affective disorders in association with neurostructural adaptations. Chronic stress was previously shown to trigger Alzheimer’s-like neuropathology, which is characterized by Tau hyperphosphorylation and missorting into dendritic spines followed by memory deficits. Here, we demonstrate that stress-driven hippocampal deficits in wild-type mice are accompanied by synaptic missorting of Tau and enhanced Fyn/GluN2B-driven synaptic signaling. In contrast, mice lacking Tau [Tau knockout (Tau-KO) mice] do not exhibit stress-induced pathological behaviors and atrophy of hippocampal dendrites or deficits of hippocampal connectivity. These findings implicate Tau as an essential mediator of the adverse effects of stress on brain structure and function.
Electronic switching effect in phase-change memory cells

A detailed investigation of the characteristic current-voltage (I-V) curve and electronic switching effect in chalcogenide-based phase-change memory devices is presented. An original bandgap model of both crystalline and amorphous chalcogenide and a physical picture of the fundamental effects involved in device operation is proposed. The model provides a quantitative description of the device behavior in both DC and transient regime. Finally, simulation results in good agreement with measurements and data reported in literature are presented.
Reduced plasma ghrelin concentration in celiac disease after gluten-free diet treatment

Objective Celiac disease (CD) is characterized by malabsorption, weight loss and increased energy expenditure. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating ghrelin and leptin, which are produced at gastrointestinal level and are involved in energy balance regulation, and changes in body composition and energy metabolism in CD patients before and after gluten-free diet (GFD)-induced restoration of the intestinal mucosa. Material and methods Body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), resting metabolic rate and substrate oxidation rates (by indirect calorimetry) were assessed in 18 adult women with the classic form of CD (age 31.4±7.8 years, body mass index (BMI) 20.6±2.1 kg/m2) before and at least 2 years after GFD treatment and in 22 age-matched healthy women (age 33.1±7.2 years, BMI 22.9±2.1 kg/m2). Plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations were assessed by the ELISA and RIA procedures, respectively. Results Fat-free mass was reduced before and after GFD compared to control subjects (p<0.01), while fat mass increased after treatment (p<0.01). Plasma leptin concentration was similar between groups and correlated only with BMI (r=0.84; p<0.0001) and percentage body fat (r=0.86; p<0.0001). Circulating ghrelin levels (pg/ml) were similar between untreated patients and control subjects, but decreased after GFD treatment (untreated CD: 282.6±55.5 versus treated 109.2±49.9; p<0.0001 and versus control subjects 262.2±30.0; p<0.0001) and were negatively correlated with BMI in CD patients (r=−0.32; p<0.01). Conclusions The low plasma ghrelin concentration found in CD patients after GFD treatment could only be partially explained by the slight increase in body-weight and fat mass. Further studies are needed to better ascertain the role played by an incomplete functional or quantitative recovery of ghrelin-producing cells in CD.
Measurement Error in Psychological Research: Lessons From 26 Research Scenarios

technical principles to concrete research problems that appear in a wide variety of forms and with a myriad of obscuring features, details, and idiosyncracies. This article is based on a different approach: examination of a series of concrete research scenarios that we have encountered in our work as researchers, advisors to researchers, or reviewers. This article examines 26 real-world "case studies" and explicates them on the basis of the principles of reliability theory found in Cronbach (1947, 1951) and Cronbach et al. (1972). Although we cite and rely on these sources, other sources (e.g., Thorndike, 1951) would yield identical resolutions; only the terminology would be sometimes (slightly) different. In classical measurement theory, the fundamental general formula for the observed correlation between any two measures, x and y, is yields the dissattenuation formula:
Molecular Genetic Basis of Ribotyping

SUMMARY Nearly 2,000 ribotyping-based studies exist, ranging from epidemiology to phylogeny and taxonomy. None precisely reveals the molecular genetic basis, with many incorrectly attributing detected polymorphisms to rRNA gene sequences. Based on in silico genomics, we demonstrate that ribotype polymorphisms result from sequence variability in neutral housekeeping genes flanking rRNA operons, with rRNA gene sequences serving solely as conserved, flank-linked tags. We also reveal that from such an informatics perspective, it is readily feasible a priori to design an interpretable ribotyping scheme for a genomically sequenced microbial species, and we discuss limitations to the basic restriction fragment length polymorphism-based method as well as alternate PCR ribotyping-based schemes.
Continental hyperextension, mantle exhumation, and thin oceanic crust at the continent‐ocean transition, West Iberia: New insights from wide‐angle seismic

Hyperextension of continental crust at the Deep Galicia rifted margin in the North Atlantic has been accommodated by the rotation of continental fault blocks, which are underlain by the S reflector, an interpreted detachment fault, along which exhumed and serpentinized mantle peridotite is observed. West of these features, the enigmatic Peridotite Ridge has been inferred to delimit the western extent of the continent‐ocean transition. An outstanding question at this margin is where oceanic crust begins, with little existing data to constrain this boundary and a lack of clear seafloor spreading magnetic anomalies. Here we present results from a 160 km long wide‐angle seismic profile (Western Extension 1). Travel time tomography models of the crustal compressional velocity structure reveal highly thinned and rotated crustal blocks separated from the underlying mantle by the S reflector. The S reflector correlates with the 6.0–7.0 km s−1 velocity contours, corresponding to peridotite serpentinization of 60–30%, respectively. West of the Peridotite Ridge, shallow and sparse Moho reflections indicate the earliest formation of an anomalously thin oceanic crustal layer, which increases in thickness from ~0.5 km at ~20 km west of the Peridotite Ridge to ~1.5 km, 35 km further west. P wave velocities increase smoothly and rapidly below top basement, to a depth of 2.8–3.5 km, with an average velocity gradient of 1.0 s−1. Below this, velocities slowly increase toward typical mantle velocities. Such a downward increase into mantle velocities is interpreted as decreasing serpentinization of mantle rock with depth.
Multicenter phase II study of oral capecitabine (Xeloda(")) in patients with metastatic breast cancer relapsing after treatment with a taxane-containing therapy.

BACKGROUND Capecitabine is a rationally designed oral, tumor-activated fluoropyrimidine carbamate with high activity in metastatic breast cancer. This multicenter phase II study was designed to evaluate further the efficacy and safety of capecitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with a taxane-containing regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients had to have documented progression after paclitaxel- or docetaxel-containing chemotherapy. Treatment comprised 3-week cycles of oral capecitabine 1250 mg/m(2) twice-daily for 14 days followed by a 7-day rest period. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-six patients were enrolled. Disease stabilization occurred in 63 patients (46%) and the overall response rate was 15% (95% confidence interval 10% to 23%), providing an overall tumor control rate of 62%. Median time to progression was 3.5 months, median duration of response was 7.5 months and median overall survival was 10.1 months. Capecitabine was generally well-tolerated: most treatment-related adverse events were grade 1/2 in intensity; grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events were hand-foot syndrome (13%), diarrhea (8%), vomiting (4%) and nausea (3%). There were no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that capecitabine achieves a high tumor control rate in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer. Due to its favorable safety profile and convenient oral administration, capecitabine can be given as an outpatient therapy. Capecitabine should be considered the reference treatment in this setting based on consistently high efficacy and good tolerability.
The hepatitis B virus pre-S/S(t) transactivator is generated by 3' truncations within a defined region of the S gene

Recently, it was reported that 3' truncation of an integrated surface gene (pre-S2/S) cloned from a hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatoma gave rise to the generation of a C-terminally truncated middle surface protein (MHBst), which surprisingly exerted a transcriptional transactivator function. To define the molecular requirements for the generation of transactivating MHBs(t) proteins, a 3' deletion analysis of the HBV pre-S2/S gene was performed. In cotransfection experiments with reporter plasmid pSV2CAT, full-length pre-S2/S genes or pre-S2/S genes with minor 3'-terminal deletions did not exhibit transactivator activity. In contrast, deletion of C-terminal hydrophobic region III of the S domain generated the transactivator function. Further stepwise 3' deletions, removing hydrophobic region II and both hydrophilic regions of the S domain, did not interfere with the transactivator activity; it was completely abolished, however, after additional deletion of hydrophobic region I. The results of this study define a range within the S open reading frame (between HBV nucleotides 221 and 573), termed the trans-activity-on region, in which 3' deletions give rise to the generation of transactivating MHBs(t) proteins. Within this region, not only 3' deletions but also the introduction of a stop codon activated the transactivator function, indicating that point mutations of integrated HBV DNA also may give rise to the synthesis of transactivating MHBs(t) proteins in vivo.
Adaptive Differential Evolution by Adjusting Subcomponent Crossover Rate for High-Dimensional Waveform Inversion

In this letter, a new adaptive differential evolution (DE) for high-dimensional waveform inversion is proposed. In conventional DE algorithms, individuals are treated as a whole and share the same fitness function and parameters. However, conventional DE algorithms have ignored the huge difference among the subcomponents in an individual and are not effective for high-dimensional problems. Therefore, for high-dimensional problems, we expand the unit of crossover rate from the whole individual to its subcomponents and propose a new adaption algorithm by adjusting the crossover rate of each subcomponent. In our algorithm, both kinds of crossover rate, including individual crossover rate and subcomponent crossover rate, play important roles in crossover operation. Based on local fitness function, the subcomponent crossover rate is adaptively obtained to improve the efficiency of crossover operation. On the other hand, the individual crossover rate is used to prevent the population diversity from decreasing in crossover operation. We embed the adaption algorithm into cooperative coevolutionary DE (CCDE) and propose a new adaptive DE by adjusting the subcomponent crossover rate named CRsADE. We have conducted experiments on waveform inversion to test the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show that CRsADE performs better than CCDE significantly both on convergence speed and accuracy. In order to estimate the validity of CRsADE, we have also applied it to real seismic data.
Estimating WAIS-IV indexes: proration versus linear scaling in a clinical sample.

OBJECTIVES We compared the accuracy of proration and linear scaling for estimating Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV), Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), and Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) composites from all possible two subtest combinations. The purpose was to provide practice relevant psychometric results in a clinical sample. DESIGN The present investigation was an archival study that used mostly within-group comparisons. We analyzed WAIS-IV data of a clinical sample comprising 104 patients with brain damage and 37 with no known neurological impairment. RESULTS In both clinical samples, actual VCI and PRI scores were highly correlated with estimated index scores based on proration and linear scaling (all rs ≥.95). In the brain-impaired sample, significant mean score differences between the actual and estimated composites were found in two comparisons, but these differences were less than three points; no other significant differences emerged. CONCLUSIONS Overall, findings demonstrate that proration and linear scaling methods are feasible procedures when estimating actual Indexes. There was no advantage of one computational method over the other.
Design of grid-connected photovoltaic system using evolutionary programming

This paper presents an intelligent-based sizing algorithm for the design of grid-connected photovoltaic system using evolutionary programming. Evolutionary programming had been used to select the optimal PV module and inverter from pre-developed databases such that the expected technical performance of the design could be maximized. The proposed algorithm, known as evolutionary programming-based sizing algorithm (EPSA), was able to produce similar sizing results with an iterative-based benchmark sizing algorithm. In addition, EPSA was also found to produce the accurate results at a faster rate than the benchmark algorithm. Further investigation on the evolution of the fitness value had shown a consistent improvement of the fitness value after each evolution.
Influencing of amino acid composition of green freshwater algae and cyanobacterium by methods of cultivation

Aim: To determine and evaluate amino acid profiles in algal biomass of green freshwater microalgae Chlorella kessleri, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella sp. and blue-green micro-alga (cyanobacterium) Spirulina platensis cultivated by various methods. To perform the comparison of amino acid contents in algal biomass originated from cultivation methods. Material and Methods: Selected species of green freshwater micro-algae and blue-green microalgea were cultivated under the autotrophic cultivation in laboratory, in an outdoor open circulating cascade-type cultivation apparatus in a thin-layer, in a solar photobioreactor and under the heterotrophic cultivation regime in a fermenter.
Language Resources Used in Multi-Lingual Question Answering Systems

Purpose – In the field of information retrieval, some multi‐lingual tools are being created to help the users to overcome the language barriers. Nevertheless, these tools are not developed completely and it is necessary to investigate more for their improvement and application. One of their main problems is the choice of the linguistic resources to offer better coverage and to solve the translation problems in the context of the multi‐lingual information retrieval. This paper aims to address this issue.Design/methodology/approach – This research is focused on the analysis of resources used by the multi‐lingual question‐answering systems, which respond to users' queries with short answers, rather than just offering a list of documents related to the search. An analysis of the main publications about the multi‐lingual QA systems was carried out, with the aim of identifying the typology, the advantages and disadvantages, and the real use and trend of each of the linguistic resources and tools used in this ne.
Reformulación de los roles del docente y del discente en la educación. El caso práctico del modelo de la Flipped Classroom en la universidad

En este articulo se muestra como partiendo de los diferentes conceptos de liderazgo y comunicacion aplicado a las organizaciones se definen los roles del docente y del discente en base a su relacion educativa y a la innovacion pedagogica. Posteriormente, se analiza de forma general un nuevo modelo metodologico de naturaleza inductiva denominado Clase inversa o Flipped Classroom, para luego mostrar como queda afectada y reformulada en particular dicha relacion educativa entre los roles de docente y discente. Para dar soporte a esta construccion teorica se presentan los resultados del proyecto de incorporacion de la Flipped Classroom, realizado entre el ano 2014 y 2016 en Barcelona (Espana) en el que a partir de las percepciones de los estudiantes universitarios despues de cursar asignaturas bajo el modelo de Flipped Classroom consideran que esta innovacion pedagogica logra cambiar los roles tradicionales de los docentes y los discentes. Segun la percepcion de los estudiantes se concluye que el docente pasa a ser la persona que guia, acompana, aprende con y de los estudiantes, facilita, se convierte en el lider transformacional, interacciona con los estudiantes, atiende a la diversidad del aula, personaliza los materiales, hace una evaluacion continua, utiliza diferentes sistemas de evaluacion (autoevaluacion, coevaluacion) y el discente es quien aprende de manera autonoma y colaborativa, asi como que es capaz de coevaluar e interaccionar con el profesor y con sus companeros, mostrando asi una mayor motivacion y responsabilidad en su aprendizaje. PALABRAS CLAVE. Liderazgo, Rol Docente, Rol Discente, Flipped Classroom doi: 10.21703/rexe. Especial2_201853733
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION, MARKET ORIENTATION, AND BRAND ORIENTATION

This paper relates integrated marketing communication (IMC) to market orientation (MO), brand orientation (BO), and external performance measures. The perspective adopted here argues that for clarity of meaning, IMC should be grounded and interpreted with these other concepts in mind. Specifically, this paper clarifies the links between IMC, MO, and BO, and proposes a testable model linking the relationships among these concepts and facets of customers, and organizational performance. The paper concludes by discussing implications of the study for both academics and practitioners.
Towards Prediction with Partial Data in Sensor-based Big Data Applications

Many emerging big data applications such as in smart electric grids, transportation, avionics, manufacturing, and remote medical and environment monitoring involve sensors for tracking, monitoring, and control. These sensors are generally located at geographically dispersed locations and expected to periodically send back acquired information to centrally located nodes or processing centers. In many cases, the data from sensors is not available at central nodes at a frequency that is required for fast and real-time modeling and decision-making. For example, while many of these sensors are capable of collecting information at a high speed, logging data every minute or so, the physical limitations, specially latency, of the transmission networks limit the frequency at which data from sensors can be transmitted back to the central nodes. Also, consumers may limit frequent transmission of information from sensors located at their premises for security and privacy concerns. Finally, the data may not reach the central nodes due to faults in the sensors or transmission systems. All these scenarios raise the issue of data veracity in big data applications. While volume, variety, and velocity aspects of big data have been the focus of much recent research, veracity has received less attention. In this paper, we propose a novel solution to the problem of making short term predictions (up to a few hours ahead) in absence of real-time data from sensors. A key implication of our work is that by using real-time data from only a small subset of influential sensors, we are able to make predictions for all sensors. We thus reduce unnecessary transmissions from sensors and provide a practical solution to data veracity in many sensor based big data applications. We use real-world electricity consumption data from smart meters to empirically demonstrate the usefulness of our method. Keywords—data veracity, short-term prediction, prediction