Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic charge interactions in ordered powder mixes

A method is described for measuring the electrostatic charge generated in powders following contact with a plane substrate. The method uses a Faraday well connected to an electrometer and allows the specific charge of powders to be determined. Of the various drugs and excipients studied, most charged electronegatively following contact with glass surfaces, but became electropositive after contact with polyethylene surfaces. The charge interactions of drug and excipient powders modified the behaviour of ordered mixes formed in similar conditions to those of charge measurement. Powders with like charges formed less stable ordered mixes than those in which drug and excipient particles carried opposite charges. Following triboelectrification in an air cyclone constructed of brass, powders had charges at least 100 times greater than those formed after contact with glass surfaces. Optimization of the triboelectric charging conditions allowed ordered mixes to be prepared in which a maximum electronegative charge was applied to the excipient whilst the drug was given a maximum electropositive charge. Studies of segregation/stability showed that ordered mixes subjected to triboelectrification were less prone to segregation than uncharged powders.
Influence of Carbonate on Sintering of Apatites

Sintering of carbonate apatite, prepared at 100°C and pH 9.0 for 3 days, was studied by thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The sintering temperature, at which the linear thermal shrinkage of isostatically compacted specimens increased sharply, decreased in proportion to the amount of carbonate initially present in the apatite. For example, specimens with over 8 wt% carbonate could be sintered at a temperature (650°C) which was nearly 400°C lower than that needed for sintering a specimen with no carbonate. Amounts of carbonate lost at the end of sintering, estimated chemically and by infra-red specroscopy, were approximately equal to sample weight losses estimated thermogravimetrically
The Role of Extrafoveal Vision in Source Code Comprehension

Understanding software engineers’ behaviour plays a vital role in the software development industry. It also provides helpful guidelines for teaching and learning. In this article, we conduct a study of the extrafoveal vision and its role in information processing. This is a new perspective on source code comprehension. Despite its major importance, the extrafoveal vision has been largely ignored by previous studies. The available research has been focused entirely on the foveal information processing and the gaze fixation position. In this work, we share the results of a gaze-contingent study of source code comprehension by expert (N = 12) and novice (N = 12) programmers in conditions of the restricted extrafoveal vision. The window-moving paradigm was employed to restrict the extrafoveal area of vision as participants comprehend two source code examples. The results indicate that the semantic preview allowed by the extrafoveal vision provides tangible benefits to expert programmers. When the experts could not use the semantic information from the extrafoveal area, their fixation duration increased to duration similar to novices. The experts’ performance dropped in the restricted-view mode, and they required more time to solve the tasks.
1H-n.m.r. investigation of the interaction between cytochrome c and cytochrome b5.

The interaction between eukaryotic cytochrome c and the tryptic fragment of bovine liver microsomal cytochrome b5 was studied by 1H-n.m. r. spectroscopy, and a procedure was developed that may be generally applicable to the study of macromolecular interactions by n.m. r. At pH6.3 (27 degrees C, I approx. 0.04) the two ferricytochromes were found to form a 1:1 complex with an association constant of approx. 10(3) M -1. The protein--protein-interaction region was found to encompass the region of the surface of horse cytochrome c that includes Ile-81, Phe-82, Ala-83 and Ile-85, and Lys-13 and Lys-72 of horse cytochrome c were suggested to be involved in two important intermolecular interactions. Me3Lys-72 of Candida krusei cytochrome c was shown to be involved in the interaction.
Evidence-based patient education: knowledge transfer to endodontic patients.

Evidence-based treatment is emphasized in oral health care, but there has been less focus on empirically demonstrating the effects of patient education. Attempts to educate patients must be empirically demonstrated in order to provide evidence-based guidance to practitioners and educators. We conducted two studies that assessed information acquisition during five-minute audiovisual films on oral hygiene procedures, endodontic procedures, and fear about pain during root canal therapy. A fifteen-item Dental Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ), with three subscales each focusing on the content of one of the films, was developed and psychometrically evaluated. Study 1 included 268 undergraduates; study 2 involved 104 endodontic patients. Participants completed the DKQ, viewed one of the three films, and repeated the questionnaire. The effects of information on knowledge were assessed using 3 (film group) X 3 (subscale of the DKQ) X 2 (time) repeated measures ANOVAs. Scores improved in a content-specific fashion relevant to the film viewed among undergraduates, F(4, 263)=211.33, p<. 001, partial eta(2)=. 62 and endodontic patients, F(4, 99)=87.22, p<. 001, partial eta(2)=. 63. The results provide evidence for using brief informational film as an efficacious method to increase patient knowledge, at least in the short term. The DKQ is proposed as a tool to assess patient knowledge in the arenas of oral hygiene and endodontics.
Suppressor of Fused Chaperones Gli Proteins To Generate Transcriptional Responses to Sonic Hedgehog Signaling

ABSTRACT Cellular responses to the graded Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) morphogenic signal are orchestrated by three Gli genes that give rise to both transcription activators and repressors. An essential downstream regulator of the pathway, encoded by the tumor suppressor gene Suppressor of fused (Sufu), plays critical roles in the production, trafficking, and function of Gli proteins, but the mechanism remains controversial. Here, we show that Sufu is upregulated in active Shh responding tissues and accompanies Gli activators translocating into and Gli repressors out of the nucleus. Trafficking of Sufu to the primary cilium, potentiated by Gli activators but not repressors, was found to be coupled to its nuclear import. We have identified a nuclear export signal (NES) motif of Sufu in juxtaposition to the protein kinase A (PKA) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) dual phosphorylation sites and show that Sufu binds the chromatin with both Gli1 and Gli3. Close comparison of neural tube development among individual Ptch1−/−, Sufu−/−, and Ptch1−/−; Sufu−/− double mutant embryos indicates that Sufu is critical for the maximal activation of Shh signaling essential to the specification of the most-ventral neurons. These data define Sufu as a novel class of molecular chaperone required for every aspect of Gli regulation and function.
Prevalence of pre-high blood pressure and high blood pressure among non-overweight children and adolescents using international blood pressure references in developed regions in China

Abstract Background: There is a lack of data on the prevalence of pre-high blood pressure (PreHBP) and high blood pressure (HBP), based on recent international blood pressure references, in non-overweight children and adolescents. Aim: To describe the prevalence of PreHBP and HBP in non-overweight children and adolescents in developed regions of China. Subjects and methods: In total, 588 097 non-overweight children and adolescents aged 6–17 years from the National Surveys on Chinese Students’ Constitution and Health in 2015 were included. Results: The prevalence of PreHBP was 13.41% and subjects in urban areas had a higher prevalence of PreHBP (14.14%) than those in rural areas (12.92%). Subjects in regions with a high (13.56%) or moderate (13.61%) socioeconomic status showed a higher prevalence of PreHBP than those in regions with a relatively low socioeconomic status (12.76%). A similar pattern was found for the prevalence of HBP, and the prevalence of HBP was 18.25% for all participants, 20.55% for subjects in urban areas, 16.71% in rural areas, 18.76% in high socioeconomic areas, 18.62% in moderate socioeconomic areas and 16.70% in relatively low socioeconomic areas. Conclusion: A large proportion of non-overweight children and adolescents had elevated blood pressure and there were urban–rural and socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure.
Analytical Consideration of Surface Dose and Kerma for Megavoltage Photon Beams in Clinical Radiation Therapy.

BACKGROUND In radiation therapy, estimation of surface doses is clinically important. This study aimed to obtain an analytical relationship to determine the skin surface dose, kerma and the depth of maximum dose, with energies of 6 and 18 megavoltage (MV). MATERIALS AND METHODS To obtain the dose on the surface of skin, using the relationship between dose and kerma and solving differential equations governing the two quantities, a general relationship of dose changes relative to the depth was obtained. By dosimetry all the standard square fields of 5x5cm to 40x40cm, an equation similar to response to differential equations of the dose and kerma were fitted on the measurements for any field size and energy. Applying two conditions: a) equality of the area under dose distribution and kerma changes in versus depth in 6 and 18 MV, b) equality of the kerma and dose at x=dmax and using these results, coefficients of the obtained analytical relationship were determined. By putting the depth of zero in the relation, amount of PDD and kerma on the surface of the skin, could be obtained. RESULTS Using the MATLAB software, an exponential binomial function with R-Square >0.9953 was determined for any field size and depth in two energy modes 6 and 18MV, the surface PDD and kerma was obtained and both of them increase due to the increase of the field, but they reduce due to increased energy and from the obtained relation, depth of maximum dose can be determined. CONCLUSIONS Using this analytical formula, one can find the skin surface dose, kerma and thickness of the buildup region.
Image panaroma with autofocusing on microscopic imaging

During microscopic analyses for recognition of bacteria, the prior process is to provide the optimum focusing. After the realization of focusing, due to small field o f v iew on the microscope microbiology laboratory technicians must scan without losing focusing by controlling with eye-hand to see all part of sample. This process takes a lot of time and increases making mistakes during laboratory analyses. In this study, minimizing these negative effects and obtaining more reliable results in the bacteria analysis process are proposed. Firstly passive focus methods based autofocusing on the Z axis of microscope was implemented. After that, automatic scanning begins by moving microscope platform with step motors on the X-Y axes. During scanning process, determining the focusing degradation images on the X-Y axes was achieved, high resolution (panoramic) image was obtained with panorama without losing focusing. Moreover, panorama was generated with and without losing focusing and it was shown that the image obtained without losing focusing had better quality and higher resolution. Proposed study was tested on image sequence with smear stained sputum for TB diagnosis
Comparative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profiling of Industrial Wine Yeast Strains

ABSTRACT The geno- and phenotypic diversity of commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast strains provides an opportunity to apply the system-wide approaches that are reasonably well established for laboratory strains to generate insight into the functioning of complex cellular networks in industrial environments. We have previously analyzed the transcriptomes of five industrial wine yeast strains at three time points during alcoholic fermentation. Here, we extend the comparative approach to include an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis of two of the previously analyzed wine yeast strains at the same three time points during fermentation in synthetic wine must. The data show that differences in the transcriptomes of the two strains at a given time point rather accurately reflect differences in the corresponding proteomes independently of the gene ontology (GO) category, providing strong support for the biological relevance of comparative transcriptomic data sets in yeast. In line with previous observations, the alignment proves to be less accurate when assessing intrastrain changes at different time points. In this case, differences between the transcriptome and proteome appear to be strongly dependent on the GO category of the corresponding genes. The data in particular suggest that metabolic enzymes and the corresponding genes appear to be strongly correlated over time and between strains, suggesting a strong transcriptional control of such enzymes. The data also allow the generation of hypotheses regarding the molecular origin of significant differences in phenotypic traits between the two strains.
Integrated Interswitch Cable and Handoff Cost Minimizing Heuristics for Cell-to-Switch Assignment in Wireless Cellular Networks

Cell-to-switch assignment (CSA) is a well-known NP-hard problem for location management in a wireless cellular network (WCN). In this paper, we focus on the probabilistic CSA problem, where interswitch handoffs, call arrivals, and call dwell times are considered stochastic with certain distributions, and propose two heuristic approaches to solve the problem. We present an analytical framework to derive interswitch handoff frequencies among the cells. The first heuristic does not consider the load-balancing issue, whereas the second heuristic considers the load balancing among the different switches while assigning cells to them. We compare our heuristics with taboo search (TS) and find that they significantly outperform the metaheuristic TS. After minimizing the objective function comprising amortized cable and variable interswitch handoff costs, our heuristics attain a minimum that is very close to the theoretical lower bound. The merit of our heuristics lies in the fact that those can be deployed online and can provide an adaptive solution to the design problem.
On the Psychology of Passion: In Search of What Makes People's Lives Most Worth Living

The purpose of the present paper is to present a new conceptualisation on passion for activities, the Dualistic Model of Passion (Vallerand et al., 2003) and an overview of related research. Passion is defined as a strong inclination toward an activity that people like, find important, and in which they invest time and energy. This model further posits the existence of two types of passion each associated with different outcomes and experiences. Harmonious passion originates from an autonomous internalisation of the activity in identity and leads people to choose to engage in the activity that they love. It is expected to mainly lead to more adaptive outcomes. Conversely, obsessive passion originates from a controlled internalisation in identity and leads people to experience an uncontrollable urge to engage in the activity. It is hypothesised to predict less adaptive outcomes. Results of several studies conducted with a variety of participants, activities, and outcomes provide support for the model. The development of passion was also addressed. These studies clearly support the significant role of passion in people’s lives.
Influences of Artificial Heart-Lung Machine Operation on the Binding Sites of Albumin: Possibility of an Effective Administration Plan

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of changes in the human serum albumin (HSA) and free fatty acid (FFA) on alteration of the binding abilities of sites I and II after the operation of an artificial heart-lung machine. Methods The binding abilities of phenytoin (site I) and diazepam (site II) to patients’ sera collected before and after the operation of an artificial heart-lung machine and pseudopatient serum samples were examined by ultra-filtration. Results The binding ability of site I markedly decreased after the operation of an artificial heart-lung machine in all patients, and the binding ability of site II unexpectedly increased in some patients. The variation in pseudopatient serum was similar to that in the patient sera. Conclusions The difference in the binding ability between sites I and II was due to that the fact that the binding ability of site I is more strongly influenced by HSA level reduction than by [FFA]/[HSA] reduction, whereas the binding ability of site II is more strongly influenced by [FFA]/[HSA] reduction than by HSA level reduction in some patients. Therefore, it may be possible to predict the binding ability of site I by monitoring the HSA level without directly monitoring the free phenytoin fraction (%).
Eye tracking system on embedded platform

This article deals with the object detecting methods used for the eye detection. At first is described the Haar feature-based cascade classifier object detector. Further is described the developed eye detection system working on the embedded platform and the implementation of this object detector in the OpenCV library. Finally is described proposed realized implementation in the ARM based development kit and the achieved results.
A PVT independent subthreshold constant-Gm stage for very low frequency applications

This paper presents the design of an ultra low power sub-threshold Gm stage for Gm-C filters with very low cut-off frequency. The sub-threshold region of operation provides a robust trans-conductance performance against temperature variations. We propose a new topology for a PVT (process, voltage & temperature) independent gm stage with constant gm biasing circuit operating in sub-threshold region. The significant variation to temperature due to channel length modulation is corrected using a parallel combination of two gm blocks of different value. The circuit is made immune to process variations by using replica-biasing circuit to track the changes in process parameters. The circuit performance also remains nearly constant for a supply voltage range of 1.1V to 1.7V. A general biquad filter has been implemented and simulations show about 1% variation in the 3 dB bandwidth (in the range of few hertz) for a temperature range of -30degC to 110degC. The circuit has been implemented using 0.5mum CMOS technology with a nominal supply voltage of 1.2 V and power consumption for each gm block is 55.3 nW.
The Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers An ADMM Software Library

The Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is a method that solves convex optimization problems of the form min(f(x) + g(z)) subject to Ax + Bz = c, where A and B are suitable matrices and c is a vector, for optimal points (xopt, zopt). It is commonly used for distributed convex minimization on large scale data-sets. However, it can be technically difficult to implement and there is no known way to automatically choose an optimal step size for ADMM. Our goal in this project is to simplify the use of ADMM by making a robust, easy-to-use software library for all ADMM-related needs, with the ability to adaptively select step-sizes on every iteration. The library will contain a general ADMM method, as well as solvers for common problems that ADMM is used for. It also tries to implement adaptive step-size selection, have support for parallel computing and have user-friendly options and features.
Definição de Planos de Execução Distribuídos para Consultas de Junção Espacial usando Histogramas Multidimensionais

Multiway spatial join is a common and heavy query in spatial data processing. This paper presents a cost-based optimizer for multiway spatial queries, based on a novel multidimensional histogram. The histogram is composed by three dimensions: the cardinality, the size of spatial objects and the locality of partitions on a cluster. An algorithm to define efficient distributed execution plans based on these dimensions is proposed and evaluated. Resumo. A junção espacial complexa é uma das consultas mais empregadas e que mais consomem recursos computacionais no processamento de dados espaciais. Este artigo propõe um otimizador de consultas distribuídas de junção espacial que utiliza histogramas com múltiplas dimensões. O histograma é composto por três dimensões: cardinalidade, tamanho dos objetos espaciais e localidade das partições no cluster. Um algoritmo para definir planos de execução eficientes baseados nas três dimensões é proposto e avaliado.
Maximum Likelihood Estimations and EM Algorithms With Length-Biased Data

Length-biased sampling has been well recognized in economics, industrial reliability, etiology applications, and epidemiological, genetic, and cancer screening studies. Length-biased right-censored data have a unique data structure different from traditional survival data. The nonparametric and semiparametric estimation and inference methods for traditional survival data are not directly applicable for length-biased right-censored data. We propose new expectation-maximization algorithms for estimations based on full likelihoods involving infinite-dimensional parameters under three settings for length-biased data: estimating nonparametric distribution function, estimating nonparametric hazard function under an increasing failure rate constraint, and jointly estimating baseline hazards function and the covariate coefficients under the Cox proportional hazards model. Extensive empirical simulation studies show that the maximum likelihood estimators perform well with moderate sample sizes and lead to more efficient estimators compared to the estimating equation approaches. The proposed estimates are also more robust to various right-censoring mechanisms. We prove the strong consistency properties of the estimators, and establish the asymptotic normality of the semiparametric maximum likelihood estimators under the Cox model using modern empirical processes theory. We apply the proposed methods to a prevalent cohort medical study. Supplemental materials are available online.
Trust and cognitive load in the text-chat environment: the role of mouse movement

This paper examines how different levels of cognitive load can affect trust in the text-chat environment. It also examines how the mouse movements of participants can indicate the level of cognitive load when they chat with each other. We designed two chat systems: one in which subjects chat under low mental load and the other in which subjects chat under high mental load. Twenty subjects participated in the study and the results showed significant differences in the level of trust between subjects under different cognitive loads; that is, subjects who chatted under low mental load showed more trust in their partners. Moreover, the mouse data obtained proved to be effective in indicating the level of cognitive load existing between the subjects. However, this work suggests that to establish trust in the chat environment, it is better to communicate under a low cognitive load. Our findings also show the ability of designed systems to measure cognitive load via tracking mouse events for the purpose of providing assistance to communicators.