Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monotonic allocation schemes in clan games

Abstract. Total clan games are characterized using monotonicity, veto power of the clan members, and a concavity condition reflecting the decreasing marginal contribution of non-clan members to growing coalitions. This decreasing marginal contribution is incorporated in the notion of a bi-monotonic allocation scheme, where the value of each coalition is divided over its members in such a way that the clan members receive a higher, and the non-clan members a lower share as the coalitions grow larger. Each core element of a total clan game can be extended to both a population monotonic and a bi-monotonic allocation scheme. In total clan games where the clan consists of a single member (the so-called big boss) the use of the nucleolus as an allocation mechanism gives rise to a bi-monotonic allocation scheme.
The Linux implementation of a log-structured file system

Toward enhancing the reliability of the Linux file system, we are developing a new log-structured file system (NILFS) for the Linux operating system. Instead of overwriting existing blocks, NILFS appends consistent sets of modified or newly created blocks continuously into segmented disk regions. This writing method allows NILFS to achieve faster recovery time and higher write performance. The address of the block that is written to changes for each write, which makes it difficult to apply modern file system technologies such as B-tree structures. To permit such writing on the Linux kernel basis, NILFS has its own write mechanism that handles data and meta data as one unit and allows them to be relocated. This paper presents the design and implementation of NILFS focussing on the write mechanism.
Off-the-Hook: An Efficient and Usable Client-Side Phishing Prevention Application

Phishing is a major problem on the Web. Despite the significant attention it has received over the years, there has been no definitive solution. While the state-of-the-art solutions have reasonably good performance, they suffer from several drawbacks including potential to compromise user privacy, difficulty of detecting phishing websites whose content change dynamically, and reliance on features that are too dependent on the training data. To address these limitations we present a new approach for detecting phishing webpages in real-time as they are visited by a browser. It relies on modeling inherent phisher limitations stemming from the constraints they face while building a webpage. Consequently, the implementation of our approach, Off-the-Hook, exhibits several notable properties including high accuracy, brand-independence and good language-independence, speed of decision, resilience to dynamic phish and resilience to evolution in phishing techniques. Off-the-Hook is implemented as a fully-client-side browser add-on, which preserves user privacy. In addition, Off-the-Hook identifies the target website that a phishing webpage is attempting to mimic and includes this target in its warning. We evaluated Off-the-Hook in two different user studies. Our results show that users prefer Off-the-Hook warnings to Firefox warnings.
Ivacaftor treatment of cystic fibrosis patients with the G551D mutation: a review of the evidence

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. CFTR protein is a chloride and bicarbonate channel that is critical for normal epithelial ion transport and hydration of epithelial surfaces. Current CF care is supportive, but recent breakthroughs have occurred with the advent of novel therapeutic strategies that assist the function of mutant CFTR proteins. The development and key clinical trial results of ivacaftor, a small molecule that targets gating defects in disease-causing CFTR mutations including G551D CFTR, are summarized in this review. The G551D mutation is reasonably common in the CF patient population and produces a CFTR protein that localizes normally to the plasma membrane, but fails to open in response to cellular cues. Ivacaftor treatment produces dramatic improvements in lung function, weight, lung disease stability, patient-reported outcomes, and CFTR biomarkers in patients with CF harboring the G551D CFTR mutation compared with placebo controls and patients with two copies of the common F508del CFTR mutation. The unprecedented success of ivacaftor treatment for the G551D CF patient population has generated excitement in the CF care community regarding the expansion of its use to other CF patient populations with primary or secondary gating defects.
Time-utility function-driven switched Ethernet: packet scheduling algorithm, implementation, and feasibility analysis

We present a MAC-layer, soft real-time packet scheduling algorithm called UPA. UPA considers a message model where message packets have end-to-end timeliness requirements that are specified using Jensen's time-utility functions (TUFs). The algorithm seeks to maximize system-wide, aggregate packet utility. Since this scheduling problem is NP-hard, UPA heuristically computes schedules with a quadratic worst-case cost, faster than the previously best CMA algorithm. Our simulation studies show that UPA performs the same as or significantly better than CMA for a broad set of TUFs. Furthermore, we implement UPA and prototype a TUF-driven switched Ethernet system. The performance measurements of UPA from the implementation reveal its strong effectiveness. Finally, we derive timeliness feasibility conditions of TUF-driven switched Ethernet systems that use the UPA algorithm.
A Novel Mouse Fgfr2 Mutant, Hobbyhorse (hob), Exhibits Complete XY Gonadal Sex Reversal

The secreted molecule fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) plays a critical role in testis determination in the mouse. In embryonic gonadal somatic cells it is required for maintenance of SOX9 expression, a key determinant of Sertoli cell fate. Conditional gene targeting studies have identified FGFR2 as the main gonadal receptor for FGF9 during sex determination. However, such studies can be complicated by inefficient and variable deletion of floxed alleles, depending on the choice of Cre deleter strain. Here, we report a novel, constitutive allele of Fgfr2, hobbyhorse (hob), which was identified in an ENU-based forward genetic screen for novel testis-determining loci. Fgr2hob is caused by a C to T mutation in the invariant exon 7, resulting in a polypeptide with a mis-sense mutation at position 263 (Pro263Ser) in the third extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain of FGFR2. Mutant homozygous embryos show severe limb and lung defects and, when on the sensitised C57BL/6J (B6) genetic background, undergo complete XY gonadal sex reversal associated with failure to maintain expression of Sox9. Genetic crosses employing a null mutant of Fgfr2 suggest that Fgr2hob is a hypomorphic allele, affecting both the FGFR2b and FGFR2c splice isoforms of the receptor. We exploited the consistent phenotype of this constitutive mutant by analysing MAPK signalling at the sex-determining stage of gonad development, but no significant abnormalities in mutant embryos were detected.
Effects of tillage system and nitrogen supply on sugarbeet production

The sugarbeet industry in the Pacific Northwest is interested in strip tillage (ST) primarily due to the potential savings in tillage costs. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of ST in the Pacific Northwest compared to conventional tillage (CT) practices and to evaluate N requirements of sugarbeet under ST and CT. The effect of tillage method (ST, moldboard plow [MP] system, and chisel plow [CP] system) and N supply (5 levels) on sugarbeet production factors were investigated in Kimberly, ID from 2008 to 2010 on a Portneuf silt loam soil with barley as the previous crop. Root and estimated recoverable sucrose (ERS) yields were the same under all three tillage practices across N supply. There were no differences in N response across tillage systems. However, estimated tillage costs for ST were from 53% to 76% lower than other tillage systems tested. The CP treatment had a significantly lower harvest plant population compared to ST and MP, likely because residue inhibited seed-soil contact. Averaged across tillage practices, in 2008 and 2010, a significant quadratic relationship was observed between N supply and root and ERS yield. During 2008 and 2010, yields at the economically optimum N supply (EONS) ranged from 73.6 to 79.9 Mg roots ha -1 and 11,054 to 11,415 kg ERS ha -1 across tillage practice and N prices ranging from $0.44 to $2.20 kg -1 N. During 2008 and 2010, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) at the EONS ranged from 50.1 to 67.9 kg sucrose kg -1 N supply over
Application of stochastic control theory to the optimal portfolio selection problem

Application of stochastic control theory to the optimal portfolio selection problem, in the case when portfolio consists of two assets with different level of risk is illustrated. Choosing power functions and natural logarithmic for the utility function, and using a converse of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) theorem, the formula for optimal portfolio is derived.
The adenovirus L4-22K protein regulates transcription and RNA splicing via a sequence-specific single-stranded RNA binding

Abstract The adenovirus L4-22K protein both activates and suppresses transcription from the adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) by binding to DNA elements located downstream of the MLP transcriptional start site: the so-called DE element (positive) and the R1 region (negative). Here we show that L4-22K preferentially binds to the RNA form of the R1 region, both to the double-stranded RNA and the single-stranded RNA of the same polarity as the nascent MLP transcript. Further, L4-22K binds to a 5΄-CAAA-3΄ motif in the single-stranded RNA, which is identical to the sequence motif characterized for L4-22K DNA binding. L4-22K binding to single-stranded RNA results in an enhancement of U1 snRNA recruitment to the major late first leader 5΄ splice site. This increase in U1 snRNA binding results in a suppression of MLP transcription and a concurrent stimulation of major late first intron splicing.
Stake Size Effect on Risk Attitudes Under Hypothetical Conditions

One difference between economics experiments and psychology experiments is whether or not paying subjects salient rewards. Some studies only found the stake size effect on risk attitudes in the experiments with salient pays but no such effect in those with small fixed pays. This study examined whether risk attitudes vary with stake size under hypothetical conditions. Subjects’ responses to different hypothetical lottery questions were compared. According to the related theories about the influence of not enough monetary reward on intrinsic altruistic incentive, low real payments by cash commonly used by previous experiments were replaced by small gifts in this experiment. Significant differences in risk attitudes were observed between the two treatments in one sample. These results suggest that stake size matters under hypothetical conditions when changing the rewarding method.
Common Core and Common Good: Educational Standards and the Future of Libraries

The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) initiative for K–12 education has been adopted by 45 states and will have a broad impact on American educational institutions, including libraries. The CCSS focus on close reading of informational texts, inquiry learning, and college and career readiness with an emphasis on assessment and accountability. This research study used a focus-group approach to provide a framework for asking school librarians from two states about the future of teaching and learning and the types of challenges they envision for the future. The data collected were then aligned with CCSS to better understand the potential impact for patrons of all types of libraries.
Improving medication safety: Development and impact of a multivariate model-based strategy to target high-risk patients

Background Preventive strategies to reduce clinically significant medication errors (MEs), such as medication review, are often limited by human resources. Identifying high-risk patients to allow for appropriate resource allocation is of the utmost importance. To this end, we developed a predictive model to identify high-risk patients and assessed its impact on clinical decision-making. Methods From March 1st to April 31st 2014, we conducted a prospective cohort study on adult inpatients of a 1,644-bed University Hospital Centre. After a clinical evaluation of identified MEs, we fitted and internally validated a multivariate logistic model predicting their occurrence. Through 5,000 simulated randomized controlled trials, we compared two clinical decision pathways for intervention: one supported by our model and one based on the criterion of age. Results Among 1,408 patients, 365 (25.9%) experienced at least one clinically significant ME. Eleven variables were identified using multivariable logistic regression and used to build a predictive model which demonstrated fair performance (c-statistic: 0.72). Major predictors were age and number of prescribed drugs. When compared with a decision to treat based on the criterion of age, our model enhanced the interception of potential adverse drug events by 17.5%, with a number needed to treat of 6 patients. Conclusion We developed and tested a model predicting the occurrence of clinically significant MEs. Preliminary results suggest that its implementation into clinical practice could be used to focus interventions on high-risk patients. This must be confirmed on an independent set of patients and evaluated through a real clinical impact study.
Education for the Neglected: Ragged Schools in Nineteenth-Century England

The ragged school movement in England spanned the period from 1840 to 1870, but the number of years during which the schools were being founded and expanded is deceptively brief in terms of their contribution to the care of the neglected juvenile. Of the three types of institutions conceived for the children of the destitute and delinquent classes — reformatory, industrial, and ragged schools — only the last proved to be a temporary phenomenon and failed to secure permanent government recognition. Their aim was nothing less than the civilization and conversion of an entire segment of the urban poor, a task too large for the resources of private charity. The schools were intended for a class of juveniles as yet unreached by any other institution, an urban group brought into existence by the rapid and unplanned growth of England's larger cities. They were the children of costermongers, pig-feeders, rag dealers, part-time dock workers, in fact of all those whose work was menial, irregular, and ill-paid. Also included in this category were the offspring of those who laid claim to no job whatsoever, the lowest mendicants and tramps, and persons who get their living by theft, who altogether neglect their children; the children of hawkers, pigeon-dealers, dog-fanciers, and other men of that class. A great proportion of the children are those of worthless and drunken parents, and many others are the children of parents, who, from their poverty, are too poor to pay even a penny a week for schooling.
Learning from interaction with the environment using a situation-operator calculus with application to mobile robots

This contribution demonstrates the application of a situation-operator modeling technique to learning from interaction with the environment, planning to reach a given goal and executing the corresponding plan. A mobile robot is chosen to demonstrate the concept in a real world environment The proposed architecture of an autonomous learning system consists of different modules, e.g. modules for data compression, short term memory and goal translation. The learning, planning and execution modules as well as the database build the representational level of the proposed approach. The core of the approach is the assumption that changes of the world are understood as a sequence of scenes and actions. These parts are modeled using a special situation and operator calculus.
Building an ASR Corpus Using Althingi's Parliamentary Speeches

Acoustic data acquisition for under-resourced languages is an important and challenging task. In the Icelandic parliament, Althingi, all performed speeches are transcribed manually and published as text on Althingi’s web page. To reduce the manual work involved, an automatic speech recognition system is being developed for Althingi. In this paper the development of a speech corpus suitable for the training of a parliamentary ASR system is described. Text and audio data of manually transcribed speeches were processed to build an aligned, segmented corpus, whereby language speciﬁc tasks had to be developed specially for Icelandic. The resulting corpus of 542 hours of speech is freely available on http://www.malfong. is. First experiments with an ASR system trained on the Althingi corpus have been conducted, showing promising results. Word error rate of 16.38% was obtained using time-delay deep neural network (TD-DNN) and 14.76% was obtained using long-short term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN) architecture. The Althingi corpus is to our knowledge the largest speech corpus currently available in Icelandic. The corpus as well as the developed methods for corpus creation constitute a valuable resource for further developments within Icelandic language technology.
Genre tagging of videos based on information retrieval and semantic similarity using WordNet

In this paper we propose a new approach for the genre tagging task of videos, using only their ASR transcripts and associated metadata. This new approach is based on calculating the semantic similarity between the nouns detected in the video transcripts and a bag of nouns generated from WordNet, for each category proposed to classify the videos. Specifically, we have used the Lin measure based on WordNet, which calculates the semantic distance between two synsets. Obviously, this approach has been only applied on the English test videos due to the use of WordNet, an English lexical resource. As base case, we have applied an information retrieval system as a classifier, using the generated bag of nouns for each category as index data and the ASR transcripts from each test video as query. Several experiments have been submitted, one of them combining both approaches (information retrieval and semantic similarity). As main conclusion we have shown that, using this combination of semantic similarity and information retrieval, we can improve the results obtained using the information retrieval approach only.
NOx and SO 2 emissions from municipal solid waste ( MSW ) combustion in CO 2 / O 2 atmosphere

The NOx and SO2 emissions from MSW combustion in CO2/O2 atmosphere were studied using a lab-scale electrically heated tube furnace. The shape, peaks location, and peaks values of NOx concentration curves all changed with temperature. In comparison, regarding these three characteristics of SO2 concentration curves, only peaks values were affected by temperature. The shape and peaks location of NOx and SO2 concentration curves changed with atmosphere indistinctively, but their peaks values, maximal average emissions, and the corresponding temperature were affected by atmosphere. Replacement of N2 by CO2 reduced NOx emission when the temperature was higher than or equal to 800 C, but reduced SO2 emission when the temperature was lower than 1000 C. At 1000 C, some improvement measures, such as adding appropriate sorbents, were required in 80CO2/20O2 to achieve removal characteristics of SO2 and NOx simultaneously. The maximal desulphurization efficiency of CaO in 80CO2/20O2 atmosphere (34.4% at 800 C) or limestone in 80N2/20O2 atmosphere (23.4% at 900 C) was lower than that of limestone in 80CO2/20O2 atmosphere (43.3% at 1000 C), indicating that direct sulfation in 80CO2/20O2 atmosphere was favourable for high desulphurization degree and consequently enabled better sorbent utilization. Besides, to obtain higher desulphurization efficiency at high temperature, Ca/S ratio should be
Why drawing, now?

This article takes the question ‘why drawing, now? ’ as a speculative way to enter the debate on the relationship of art to different understandings of community. Drawing offers a paradox around the place of art in society. Drawing can be thought about as a traditional medium that yields an individually focused interior exploration. It has also performed a social or ritual role historically, in different times and places. Imagine a public event to which participants are invited to draw. There is a large, single sheet of paper or drawing surface and the offer of different drawing implements. Participants respond by drawing with their own style and understanding of what drawing is. The accumulation of individual marks and imaginations make up a whole, in as far as the surface drawn upon is singular and brings these individual productions into one space. Imagine the same shared drawing surface, held up around the edges by a group of participants. A drawing emerges through the marks of an inked ball rolling across the flexible moving surface. In this scenario, the drawing traces – literally marks – the emergent relationship of one individual to another through the shared activity. Both scenarios are possibly very familiar activities in participatory art practices and each offers a different way of imagining community. In both, the act of drawing is pivotal to shared activity. The first assumes that community can be constructed by bringing a group of individuals into the same space and activity. Many of us are enculturated to think that it is individuals – singular units – that make up society. The second, however, suggests that community as already present can be made visible through the drawing activity. Our exploration draws on a period of a collaborative practice-led experimentation, in particular a three-day research workshop involving drawing and writing. The aim was not to focus on what the results ‘looked like’ as art products, an approach that arguably fails to reveal the knowledge underpinning art’s appearances. Instead we set out to create the conditions for experiencing community through drawing. We found that drawing, in its most intimate relationship between maker/viewer, surface and mark, evokes a world to come, a world in formation rather than pre-formed. This revealed the need for careful scrutiny of the ways in which community itself is imagined. Our offer to the practice of participatory arts is to question deeply held assumptions about what community is rather than to propose new forms of access or techniques that can be transferred from one situation to another.
Blind source extraction of cyclostationary sources with common cyclic frequencies

A new method for blind source extraction of cyclostationary sources is presented. It is assumed that the cycle frequencies of the sources are known a priori and some of the sources have common cycle frequencies. Necessary and sufficient conditions are introduced and Jacobi method for diagonalization of complex matrices is used to find the estimations. The proposed algorithm is applied to simulated data, and effectiveness and performance of the algorithm are verified.