Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Degenerative Dementias and Their Medical Care in the Movies

Compared with other neurologic problems, few films have been dedicated to degenerative dementia. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review about the way in which dementia patients and their medical care are described in films. Twenty-four of the 53 relevant films that were found in online movie databases could be viewed. The author describes the demographics of the characters suffering from dementia, the clinical picture including neuropsychiatric manifestations, diagnostic procedures, medical follow-up, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment and the attitude of the caregivers. Most characters are played by actors in their seventh or eighth decade. There is an overrepresentation of highly educated people. Although the clinical picture is often accurate, some films suggest that even in the late stages of the disease patients have sudden moments of full insight in their disease. Among the neuropsychiatric signs, activity disturbances and aggressiveness are most often described. Few patients seek medical help, only 2 patients take acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and follow-up is absent for 5 of the 11 relevant patients. Only in 10 of 23 films, the term “Alzheimer” is used. Although there is a growing cinematographic interest in Alzheimer patients, even recent films tend to reinforce therapeutic and even diagnostic nihilism.
Jumping to Conclusions and Delusion Proneness: The Impact of Emotionally Salient Stimuli

The present study investigated whether those who are delusion-prone demonstrate a jumping to conclusions reasoning bias similar to that demonstrated by those with active delusions in previous studies. Two hundred individuals, none of whom had a psychotic disorder, were assessed for delusion-proneness and engaged in two probabilistic reasoning tasks, one emotionally neutral and the other emotionally salient. The emotionally salient task consisted of both positively and negatively valenced personally referent stimuli. Level of delusion-proneness was positively related to jumping to conclusions when stimuli were emotionally salient, though the bias was present only when the first personally referent stimulus was negatively valenced (p < 0.01). Thus, the jumping to conclusions reasoning bias previously demonstrated by individuals who have active delusions appears to be demonstrated under certain conditions by those who are not actively delusional but score high on a measure of delusion-proneness.
Supervised novelty detection in brain tissue classification with an application to white matter hyperintensities

Novelty detection is concerned with identifying test data that differs from the training data of a classifier. In the case of brain MR images, pathology or imaging artefacts are examples of untrained data. In this proof-of-principle study, we measure the behaviour of a classifier during the classification of trained labels (i.e. normal brain tissue). Next, we devise a measure that distinguishes normal classifier behaviour from abnormal behavior that occurs in the case of a novelty. This will be evaluated by training a kNN classifier on normal brain tissue, applying it to images with an untrained pathology (white matter hyperintensities (WMH)), and determine if our measure is able to identify abnormal classifier behaviour at WMH locations. For our kNN classifier, behaviour is modelled as the mean, median, or q1 distance to the k nearest points. Healthy tissue was trained on 15 images; classifier behaviour was trained/tested on 5 images with leave-one-out cross-validation. For each trained class, we measure the distribution of mean/median/q1 distances to the k nearest point. Next, for each test voxel, we compute its Z-score with respect to the measured distribution of its predicted label. We consider a Z-score ≥4 abnormal behaviour of the classifier, having a probability due to chance of 0.000032. Our measure identified >90% of WMH volume and also highlighted other non-trained findings. The latter being predominantly vessels, cerebral falx, brain mask errors, choroid plexus. This measure is generalizable to other classifiers and might help in detecting unexpected findings or novelties by measuring classifier behaviour.
Human SOD1 ALS Mutations in a Drosophila Knock-In Model Cause Severe Phenotypes and Reveal Dosage-Sensitive Gain- and Loss-of-Function Components

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease and familial forms can be caused by numerous dominant mutations of the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. Substantial efforts have been invested in studying SOD1-ALS transgenic animal models; yet, the molecular mechanisms by which ALS-mutant SOD1 protein acquires toxicity are not well understood. ALS-like phenotypes in animal models are highly dependent on transgene dosage. Thus, issues of whether the ALS-like phenotypes of these models stem from overexpression of mutant alleles or from aspects of the SOD1 mutation itself are not easily deconvolved. To address concerns about levels of mutant SOD1 in disease pathogenesis, we have genetically engineered four human ALS-causing SOD1 point mutations (G37R, H48R, H71Y, and G85R) into the endogenous locus of Drosophila SOD1 (dsod) via ends-out homologous recombination and analyzed the resulting molecular, biochemical, and behavioral phenotypes. Contrary to previous transgenic models, we have recapitulated ALS-like phenotypes without overexpression of the mutant protein. Drosophila carrying homozygous mutations rendering SOD1 protein enzymatically inactive (G85R, H48R, and H71Y) exhibited neurodegeneration, locomotor deficits, and shortened life span. The mutation retaining enzymatic activity (G37R) was phenotypically indistinguishable from controls. While the observed mutant dsod phenotypes were recessive, a gain-of-function component was uncovered through dosage studies and comparisons with age-matched dsod null animals, which failed to show severe locomotor defects or nerve degeneration. We conclude that the Drosophila knock-in model captures important aspects of human SOD1-based ALS and provides a powerful and useful tool for further genetic studies.
Robust exponential stability of a class of uncertain stochastic fuzzy BAM neural networks with mixed delays

This paper is concerned with the problem of mean square exponential stability for a class of stochastic fuzzy bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with mixed delays. The discrete delays are assumed to belong to an interval and uncertainties considered to be the linear fractional forms. By using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) method and employing some new analysis approaches, several delay-range-dependent exponential stability criteria are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The decay rate can be freely selected without any constraints and the differential of delays be any finite values in derived criteria. Two numerical examples are presented to show the validness of the proposed results.
THE CULTURE OF WHOLE ORGANS.

1. Preparation of tke Gaseous Medium. --The gaseous medium is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide in various proportions. Generally, a mixture consisting of 80 per cent oxygen, 3 or 4 per cent carbon dioxide, and 16 or 17 per cent nitrogen is used. The mixture is made by introducing into a steel gas cylinder equipped with a pressure gauge the three gases under partial pressures of 80, 3, and 17 pounds, respectively. Thus, the cylinder contains the proper gas mixture under a pressure of 100 pounds. After a period of 24 hours, during which the gases are allowed to become thoroughly mixed, a gas pressure reducing valve is attached to the cylinder. When necessary, the composition of the mixture is ascertained by analysis. Before the experiment is started, the gas is led into the incubator and to the inner chamber of the oil flask (2). 1 2. Preparation of the Fluid Medium. --The volume of the medium is approximately 200 cc. for a gland weighing 100 rag. I t varies generally from 225 cc.
Reduction of Colitis by Prebiotics in HLA‐B27 Transgenic Rats Is Associated with Microflora Changes and Immunomodulation

&NA; HLA‐B27 transgenic rats develop spontaneous colitis under specific pathogen‐free conditions (SPF) but germ‐free rats remain disease‐free, emphasizing a role for intestinal bacteria in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation. Prebiotics are dietary substances that affect the host by stimulating growth and/or activity of potentially health promoting bacteria. The aims of this study were to investigate whether prebiotics can prevent colitis in SPF HLA‐B27 rats, and secondly, to explore mechanisms of protection. SPF HLA‐B27 transgenic rats received orally the prebiotic combination long‐chain inulin and oligofructose (Synergy 1), or not, prior to the development of clinically detectable colitis. After seven weeks, cecal and colonic tissues were collected for gross cecal scores (GCS), histologic inflammatory scores (scale 0‐4), and mucosal cytokine measurement. Cecal and colonic contents were collected for analysis of the gut microbiota by PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) and fluorescent in‐situ hybridization (FISH), and analysis of short‐chain fatty acid composition. Prebiotic treatment significantly decreased GCS and inflammatory histologic scores in the cecum and colon. Prebiotic treatment also decreased cecal IL‐1&bgr;, but increased cecal TGF‐&bgr; concentrations. Inulin/oligofructose altered the cecal and colonic PCR‐DGGE profiles, and FISH analysis showed significant increases in cecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium populations after prebiotic treatment compared with water‐treated rats. In conclusion, the prebiotic combination Synergy 1 reduced colitis in HLA‐B27 transgenic rats, which effect was associated with alterations to the gut microbiota, decreased tissue proinflammatory cytokines and increased immunomodulatory molecules. These results show promise for prebiotics as primary or adjuvant maintenance therapy for chronic inflammatory bowel diseases.
Treatment Options for Metastatic Tumors to the Choroid

Metastatic tumors are generally considered to be the most common intraocular tumors. These tumors may metastasize from a variety of different primary sites with breast carcinoma being the most common primary malignancy in women and lung cancer being the most common primary malignancy in men. Treatment options for these patients include systemic therapy, conventional external beam radiation, plaque brachytherapy, proton beam irradiation, photodynamic therapy, transpupillary thermotherapy, and laser photocoagulation. Overall, treatment of patients with metastatic tumors to the choroid has proven to be effective in both improving the patient's visual acuity and quality of life.
Étude théorique et numérique des modes propres acoustiques dans un conduit avec écoulement et parois absorbantes

L’etude presentee dans cette these se situe dans le domaine de l’acoustique modale des conduits avec des parois absorbantes et un ecoulement moyen. Nous considerons une source de bruit en amont avec une frequence fixe. Avec cela, nous etudions les modes propres acoustiques du conduit en terme de nombre d’onde qui sont presents.Avec cette etude, nous contribuons a la meilleure comprehension de la propagation du sondans ce type de configuration. Parmi les applications, il y a la reduction du bruit des moteurs des aeronefs.Une analyse numerique par la methode pseudospectrale de collocation, sur la base de polynomes de Chebyshev, a ete mise en ouvre pour obtenir le spectre des modes, dans un domaine transversal.Pour cela, deux programmes ont ete utilises : le programme FiEStA, qui a ete developpe dans le cadre de cette these, et qui resout les equations d’Euler linearisees, en considerant un probleme a une ou deux une ou deux dimensions. D’autre part, le programme MAMOUT, a ete utilise pour resoudre les equations de Navier-Stokes linearisees, pour etudier plus specifiquement les effets de la viscosite.Avec ces outils, on a constate les effets de trois parametres : lorsque le rapport d’aspect augmente, la densite des modes, en particulier des modes propagatifs, se developpe egalement.Quand le nombre de Mach de l’ecoulement moyen augmente, on observe les effets suivants sur les valeurs propres : un deplacement vers la partie reelle negative, une amplification de leur valeur absolue et un deplacement vers les modes d’indice inferieur. Le profil d’ecoulement moyen induit aussi un deplacement dans les valeur propres, pas facilement previsible. Il modifie egalement la forme des fonctions propres ; ce qui est notamment visible pour le mode d’onde plane. Les changements d’impedance induisent un echange cyclique de valeurs propres entre les valeurs de parois rigides des modes consecutifs. Avec certaines valeurs d’impedance, les modes acoustiques de paroi apparaissent. Ils sont caracterises par la forme exponentielle de leurs fonctions propres.En plus des modes acoustiques, il existe des modes hydrodynamiques de surface qui se sont reveles avec quelques valeurs d’impedance et forme et nombre de Mach de l’ecoulement moyen. Pour un ensemble de donnees de reference, ces modes ont ete etudies. L’impedance a ete consideree avec un modele base sur des donnees de la litterature, tout comme le profil d’ecoulement moyen.Un mode hydrodynamique a ete trouve. Avec certaines valeurs de la frequence, l’ensemble des parametres donne lieu a une instabilite. En utilisant le critere Briggs Bres pour la stabilite,l’instabilite a ete jugee absolue.A partir du comportement des modes avec differentes valeurs de l’impedance, et conformement aux resultats publies, nous avons defini la condition que le spectre doit remplir pour reduire autant que possible le bruit. C’est cela qu’on appelle l’impedance optimale. Nous avons calcule cette valeur pour differents frequences et ecoulements moyens.
Grounded by Gravity: A Well-Behaved Trade Model with Industry-Level Economies of Scale

We propose a model to study the role of industry-level external economies of scale in open economies. If the elasticity governing the strength of external economies is below the inverse of the trade elasticity in each industry, then specialization under frictionless trade is consistent with comparative advantage, the model is tractable even with trade frictions, and all countries gain from trade. External economies lower gains from trade except if the country specializes in industries with high scale economies, and they amplify the gains from further trade liberalization except if it leads to specialization in industries with low scale economies. (JEL D24, F11, F12, F13)
Localization and navigation of a mobile robot in an office-like environment

This article focuses on the localization and navigation of a mobile differential robot in an indoor office-like environment. These are fundamental issues to service robotics, which is a branch with a strong market growth. The work implements a vision tracking system, environment mapping, route planning and navigation for an autonomous robot application inside services buildings. One goal of the methodology is its application with low cost equipment. The test bed chosen was a Pioneer P3-DX robot [16] in a service building, with an attached USB webcam, pointed at the ceiling to take advantage of the position of the light fixtures as natural landmarks. The robot location is estimated through two distinct probabilistic methods: a particle filter, when there is no information about the starting location of the robot, and the Kalman filter, given the convergence of the particle filter. Both methods use the detection of light fixtures together with the robot kinematics as information to estimate the pose. The mapping of the environment and its obstacles is obtained from the localization estimates and the information gathered by ultrasound sensors, representing the entire navigation space discretized in the form of an occupation grid. Planning the navigation path is determined by a simple search algorithm, namely the Wavefront algorithm, based on the information contained in the occupancy grid. For a given path, navigation is performed with obstacle avoidance using the virtual forces method. Replanning is used to recover from local minima situations.
Game Theoretic Energy Efficiency Design in MC-CDMA Cooperative Networks

The energy efficiency (EE) maximization on the uplink of multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) cooperative wireless networks is a NP-hard optimization problem of great interest for future networks systems. This paper presents two different noncoalitional game theoretic approaches to solve in a distributed fashion the EE maximization problem that arises in MC-CDMA wireless cooperative networks considering receiver multiuser filter design. A study over the quasi-concavity of the utility function is presented while numerical results and a complexity analysis are offered to corroborate the mathematical model and observe the tradeoff between EE, spectral efficiency, and average transmission power.
Ag 3 PO 4-TiO 2-Graphene Oxide Ternary Composites with Efficient Photodegradation , Hydrogen Evolution , and Antibacterial Properties

Ag3PO4-TiO2-graphene oxide ternary composite photocatalysts were fabricated by the photocatalytic reduction and ion exchange methods. The properties and photocatalytic activity of the composites were examined, and the photodegradation mechanism was investigated. More TiO2 nanoparticles in the composites were found to improve light absorption, but caused a larger impedance and inferior charge transport. Excess TiO2 nanoparticles distributed over the surfaces of Ag3PO4 and graphene oxide decreased the specific surface area and thus lowered light absorbance. an appropriate TiO2 content enhanced photocatalytic performance. When the molar ratio of Ag3PO4 to TiO2 was 0.6, the highest efficiency in photodegradation, hydrogen production (with a quantum efficiency of 8.1% and a hydrogen evolution rate of 218.7 μmole·g−1·h−1) and bacterial inactivation was achieved. Trapping experiments demonstrated that superoxide radicals and holes are the major active species involved in the photodegradation process.
Visualization in Scientific Computing-A Synopsis

McCormick and Thomas A. DeFanti, brought together researchers from academia, industry, and government. Computer graphics and computer vision experts analyzed emerging technologies, and federal agency representatives presented their needs and interests. Scientists representing physics, mathematics, chemistry, and medical imaging showed examples of their computer-generated imagery using film, videotape, and slides. A presentation on Japanese visualization research, a tutorial on state-of-the-art computer graphics animation research, and an overview of commercially available hardware and software rounded out the agenda.
wsBus: QoS-aware middleware for reliable Web services interactions

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) using Web services is considered as the state-of-the-art for distributed systems integration. As Web services start to be deployed across enterprise boundaries and for collaborative e-business scenarios, higher quality of service (QoS) and reliable inter-application messaging becomes a critical issue to ensure guaranteed and ordered delivery even in the case of system or network failures or temporary service outage. To address these requirements, we propose wsBus, a lightweight service-oriented middleware for dependable Web services interactions using broker pattern. We discuss the system architecture and features then report our experiences in building wsBus as well as some initial performance results.
Optimal and Near‐optimal Global Register Allocation Using 0–1 Integer Programming

This paper presents a fundamentally new approach to global register allocation that optimally allocates registers and optimally places spill code, significantly decreasing spill code overhead compared with the traditional graph‐coloring approach. The Optimal Register Allocation (ORA) approach formulates global register allocation as a 0–1 integer programming problem, incorporating all aspects of register allocation within a unified framework, including copy elimination, live range splitting, rematerialization, callee and caller register spilling, special instruction‐operand requirements, and paired registers. A prototype ORA allocator is built into the Gnu C Compiler (GCC). For the SPEC92 integer benchmarks, the ORA allocator actually produces a net decrease of more than 100 million cycles across the entire benchmark set, because the dynamic copies the ORA allocator removes exceed the dynamic loads and stores that are inserted. In contrast, the GCC allocator and a Chaitin‐style graph‐coloring allocator each cause a net increase of more than 1 billion cycles. Because global register allocation is NP‐complete, optimal register allocation has been considered intractable. However, the run‐time complexity of the ORA approach is shown experimentally to be O(n3). A profile‐guided hybrid allocation approach is proposed that uses the ORA allocator for the performance critical regions in the performance critical functions, while using a graph‐coloring allocator for the non‐critical functions and regions. An ORA‐GCC hybrid allocator takes an average of 4.6 seconds per function to produce an allocation that is within 1% of optimal for 97% of the SPEC92 integer benchmark functions, showing that the hybrid allocator is practical as an advanced optimization for performance‐critical codes.
Graph Drawing Tools for Bioinformatics Research: An Overview

Much of the data in bioinformatics and data relationships can be represented by graphs. General purpose graph drawing tools are available, but not all are adequate for bioinformatics graphs as these tend to grow quite large. The specific purpose for our research was to investigate the applicability of existing graph drawing tools for visualization of very large phylogenetic trees. In this paper we describe some of the general functions and features that are required for exploring and comparing graphs in bioinformatics. We include a description of a selection of existing tools, to give an overview of the current abilities of graph drawing software and to analyze their advantages and drawbacks in the bioinformatics domain