Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tungsten coating—a method of improving glass microtome knives for cutting ultrathin sections

Glass knives for ultramicrotomy were considerably improved by coating the cutting edge with a film of evaporated tungsten metal. Knives treated by this method gave up to ten times as many acceptable sections as uncoated glass knives. They could also cut thinner sections and harder tissues than ordinary glass knives, and eliminated some of the cutting artefacts produced by them. No explanation for this improvement was found although several possibilities were examined.
Year : 2009 Rumen pH and hoof health in two groups of captive wild ruminants

The connection between a feeding regime with a high proportion of concentrates and laminitis is well recognized in domestic animal medicine but has received little attention in captive wild hoofstock. We used the occasion of a transport of two ruminant groups, that necessitated immobilization, for an evaluation of the appearance of the hooves on the one, and of the pH of the rumen fluid gained by ruminocentesis on the other hand. A group of eight Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) had a median rumen pH of 7.2 and a low hoof ring score, indicative of good hoof health. A group of seven blackbuck antelope (Antilope cervicapra), in contrast, had a median rumen pH of 6.0, and an intermediate hoof ring score and elevated hoof temperatures, indicative of a chronic laminitis. In relation to body weight, the feeding regime of the blackbuck included a higher proportion of concentrates. These observations suggest that a connection between concentrate feeding, low rumen pH, and hoof health could exist in captive wild ruminants, and that a feeding regime that prevents a drop of rumen pH could support hoof health.
Automated Essay Feedback

We have set out to create a system that gives essay feedback by identifying stronger and weaker parts of a given essay. In order to do this, we have created a two step model: the first step uses an LSTM to turn a chunk of an essay into an encoding vector. The second step uses a feed forward network to assign a score to an encoding. We believe that if the feed forward network is able to predict the score of an essay based on the average of the encodings of the chunks, then it should be able to distinguish between the stronger and weaker chunks as well. We have achieved an RMSE of 0.17 on the task of predicting the score of an essay. While this is not comparable to human grading, it is good enough to be able to determine when there is significant variation in quality between different parts of the same essay.
Voltammetric study of the control of striatal dopamine release by glutamate

The central dopamine systems are involved in several aspects of normal brain function and are implicated in a number of human disorders. Hence, it is important to understand the mechanisms that control dopamine release in the brain. The striatum of the rat receives both dopaminergic and glutamatergic projections that synaptically target striatal neurons but not each other. Nevertheless, these afferents do form frequent appositional contacts, which has engendered interest in the question of whether they communicate with each other despite the absence of a direct synaptic connection. In this study, we used voltammetry in conjunction with carbon fiber microelectrodes in anesthetized rats to further examine the effect of the ionotropic glutamate antagonist, kynurenate, on extracellular dopamine levels in the striatum. Intrastriatal infusions of kynurenate decreased extracellular dopamine levels, suggesting that glutamate acts locally within the striatum via ionotropic receptors to regulate the basal extracellular dopamine concentration. Infusion of tetrodotoxin into the medial forebrain bundle or the striatum did not alter the voltammetric response to the intrastriatal kynurenate infusions, suggesting that glutamate receptors control a non‐vesicular release process that contributes to the basal extracellular dopamine level. However, systemic administration of the dopamine uptake inhibitor, nomifensine (20 mg/kg i.p.), markedly decreased the amplitude of the response to kynurenate infusions, suggesting that the dopamine transporter mediates non‐vesicular dopamine release. Collectively, these findings are consistent with the idea that endogenous glutamate acts locally within the striatum via ionotropic receptors to control a tonic, impulse‐independent, transporter‐mediated mode of dopamine release. Although numerous prior in vitro studies had suggested that such a process might exist, it has not previously been clearly demonstrated in an in vivo experiment.
Exploring variability and sources of measurement error in alcohol expectancy questionnaire reliability coefficients: a meta-analytic reliability generalization study.

OBJECTIVE Reliability Generalization, a relatively new meta-analytic score reliability technique, was used to examine reliability coefficients for Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ) subscales in published research. Specifically, the present study identified the typical reliability coefficients of scores on AEQ subscales across published studies and examined sources of measurement error across AEQ subscales and studies. METHOD Based on literature reviews of PsyclNFO and PubMed, a total of 71 studies were analyzed and coded on 10 different dimensions believed to affect score reliability. RESULTS Only 37% of the studies surveyed reported reliability coefficients for the data in hand. Analysis of these studies revealed that the average score reliability across studies varied considerably in subscales and samples, with the Arousal/Interpersonal Power and Sexual Enhancement subscales evidencing the greatest variability. Gender homogeneity and racial homogeneity were found to be the two most important predictors of the magnitude of score reliability coefficients across subscales and studies. CONCLUSIONS Results of the study indicate that the AEQ tends to generate reliable scores, with some noted exceptions. Because the Arousal/Interpersonal Power and Sexual Enhancement subscales tend to generate unacceptably low reliability coefficients and because the AEQ holds promise in furthering prevention and treatment outcome research, it is suggested that future research with the AEQ explore instrument factor structure and item consistency. Because reliability estimates can influence substantive statistical analyses, it is recommended that authors using the AEQ report reliability information in their published work.
DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A TRACTOR DRAWN FIVE ROW FURROW OPENING DEVICE

A tractor drawn five row furrow opening device having a capacity of 30 hectares per day was designed and fabricated as one of the tillage/planting device with which soil can be opened in order to facilitate the planting of seeds in an efficient and uniform manner that would save time and reduce drudgery. The fabricated device consists of a beam, transport wheels, bearing housing, spring bar furrow opener and the 3-point hitch to the tractor. The 3point hitch which is standard on most tractors is the place of connection of the furrow opener to the tractor consisting of the upper link and two lower links. The 3-point hitch is very effective in lowering and lifting farm equipment and can also be used for semi-mounted implements such as the soil opener to give it stability and support when used on the farm. The device was fabricated with locally sourced materials that are not difficult to get. This makes maintenance and repairs on the device easy by local artisans since damaged parts can be easily repaired and if possible replaced with new parts. The results obtained from the trial tests of the fabricated device showed that the tractor drawn five row furrow opening device functioned properly as expected with a working capacity of 30 hectares/day. Visual inspection of the planted seeds after germination shows a uniform plant growth on a straight line indicating that soil nutrients abound and the depth of soil opening was uniform throughout the working operation of the fabricated device.
Expression of DMRT1 in the mammalian ovary and testis – from marsupials to mice

Doublesex and mab3 related transcript (DMRT1) was identified as a candidate gene for human 9p24.3 associated sex reversal. DMRT1 orthologues have highly conserved roles in sexual differentiation from flies and worms to humans. A DMRT1 orthologue was isolated from a marsupial, the tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii. The wallaby gene is highly conserved with other vertebrate DMRT1 genes, especially within the P/S and DM domains. It is expressed in the differentiating testis from the late fetus, during pouch life and in the adult. As in eutherian mammals, DMRT1 protein was localized in the germ cells and the Sertoli cells of the testis, but in addition it was detected in the Leydig cells, peri-tubular myoid cells and within the acrosome of the sperm heads. DMRT1 protein was also detected in the fetal and adult ovary pre-granulosa, granulosa and germ cells. Similarly, we also detected DMRT1 in the granulosa cells of all developing follicles in the adult mouse ovary. This is the first report of DMRT1 expression in the adult mammalian ovary, and suggests a wider role for this gene in mammals, in both the testis and ovarian function.
1x4 optical splitters based on self-collimation ring resonators in an air-hole silicon photonic crystal

We report the 1x4 optical splitters (OS's) for TE modes based on an air-hole type silicon photonic crystal selfcollimation (SC) effect ring resonator (SCRR). The OS has four beam splitters which are formed by changing the radii of the air holes. With the self-collimation effect and the radii we set for beam splitters, the light beam's propagation will be well controlled. Using the multiple-beam interference theory, we analyse the theoretical transmission spectra and make the simulation, which is realized by two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation technique. As we expected, the results have a good agreement with the theoretical calculation Small-dimensions, low-loss of the OSs will have an important role in photonic integrated circuits in the future.
Ubiquinone synthetic pathway in flagellation of Salmonella typhimurium

Flagellation of Salmonella typhimurium was found to require a functional pathway for ubiquinone synthesis as well as growth in the presence of aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acids. Selection for constitutive flagellation eliminated the requirement for growth in the presence of added carboxylic acids.
Ultra-high temperature (≫ 300°C) suspended thermodiode in SOI CMOS technology

This paper reports for the first time on the performance and long term continuous operation of a suspended silicon on insulator (SOI) thermodiode with tungsten metallisation at temperatures beyond 300degC. The thermodiode has been designed and fabricated with minute saturation currents (due to both small size and the use of SOI technology) to allow an ultra-high temperature range and minimal nonlinearity. It was found that the thermodiode forward voltage drop vs temperature plot remains linear upto 500degC, with a non-linearity error of less than 7%. Extensive experimental results on performance of the thermodiode, fabricated using a CMOS (complimentary metal oxide semiconductor) SOI process have been presented. These results are backed up by infra red measurements and a range of 2D and 3D simulations using ANSYS and ISE software. The on-chip electronics for thermodiode and micro-heater drive, as well as the transducing circuit for the sensor were placed adjacent to the membrane. Moreover, we demonstrate that the thermodiode is considerably more reliable in long-term direct current operation at high temperatures when compared to the more classical resistive temperature detectors (RTDs) using CMOS metallisation layers (Tungsten or Aluminum). Finally, we believe that the thermodiode suffers less of piezojunction/piezo-resistive effects when compared to silicon based RTDs. For this we compare a membrane thermodiode with a reference thermodiode placed on the silicon substrate and assess their relative performance at elevated temperatures.
Tutorial on biological networks

Understanding how the functioning of a biological system emerges from the interactions among its components is a long‐standing goal of network science. Fomented by developments in high‐throughput technologies to characterize biomolecules and their interactions, network science has emerged as one of the fastest growing areas in computational and systems biology research. Although the number of research and review articles on different aspects of network science is increasing, updated resources that provide a broad, yet concise, review of this area in the context of systems biology are few. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the research on biological networks to a general audience, who have some knowledge of biology and statistics, but are not necessarily familiar with this research field. Based on the different aspects of network science research, the article is broadly divided into four sections: (1) network construction, (2) topological analysis, (3) network and data integration, and (4) visualization tools. We specifically focused on the most widely studied types of biological networks, which are, metabolic, gene regulatory, protein–protein interaction, genetic interaction, and signaling networks. In future, with further developments on experimental and computational methods, we expect that the analysis of biological networks will assume a leading role in basic and translational research. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Approximating Google's rankings with Latent Semantic Analysis

This study proposed a Latent Semantic Analysis based method to approximate Google's ranking. We conduct Latent Semantic Analysis on Google's search results for a given query to find terms with highest LSA weights as features. Then the correlation coefficients between the features and the given query are obtained for use as the feature values. Each result is scored and re-ranked based on a linear combination of weighted sum of feature values that appear in its title, snippet and URL. Experimental results on a small number of popular keywords show that this method is promising to achieve R-Precision up to 0.8 for some combination of search results and features used.
A polygon soup representation for free viewpoint video

This paper presents a polygon soup representation for multiview data. Starting from a sequence of multi-view video plus depth (MVD) data, the proposed representation takes into account, in a unified manner, different issues such as compactness, compression, and intermediate view synthesis. The representation is built in two steps. First, a set of 3D quads is extracted using a quadtree decomposition of the depth maps. Second, a selective elimination of the quads is performed in order to reduce inter-view redundancies and thus provide a compact representation. Moreover, the proposed methodology for extracting the representation allows to reduce ghosting artifacts. Finally, an adapted compression technique is proposed that limits coding artifacts. The results presented on two real sequences show that the proposed representation provides a good trade-off between rendering quality and data compactness.
Differential adaptation to weightlessness of functional and structural characteristics of rat hindlimb muscles.

Soleus, vastus intermedius, tibialis anterior, and extensor digitorum longus muscles were removed from rats following space flight onboard the SLS-2 mission and from control animals. Muscle tissues were studied for their calcium and strontium activated tension characteristics and for structural changes. Muscles were also examined for myosin composition using electrophoresis. Results indicate that changes occurred in structural and functional muscle characteristics in both slow and fast muscle fiber types. These results are detailed and discussed.
Morphological image filtering for improvement of textural built-up index performances in case of presence of scattered vegetation in semi-desertic areas

In this paper an improved procedure for the automatic recognition of built-up areas, using the so-called PANTEX index is presented. This index is based on analysis of image textural measures extracted using anisotropic rotation-invariant GLCM statistics. These measures may overestimate the built-up areas in case of presence of scattered vegetation having the same spatial pattern of settlements. In this paper we present a methodology able to overcome this problem. This methodology is based on an additional filtering step that pre-selects the image information to be ingested by the textural analysis phase. The test presented here uses multispectral QuickBird satellite data input at the spatial resolution of 2.4 meters. In the selected test area, with the improved procedure we estimated an overall accuracy of 88.69% in the automatic recognition of built-up areas, with an overall increase of accuracy of 20.76% respect to the basic procedure.
The relationships among brand image, brand trust, and online word-of-mouth: an example of online gaming

This study mainly investigates the relationships among brand image, brand trust, and online word-of-mouth. The present study collects 317 players of the online game “World of Warcraft” to empirically investigate the relationships among brand image, brand trust, and online word-of-mouth, and examines the moderating effect of experience. By manipulating structural equation modeling (SEM), the research results indicate that brand trust serves as a partial mediator between brand image and online word-of-mouth. The other findings specify the substantial moderating effect of experience in brand image, brand trust, and online word-of-mouth.
Early death after feline infectious peritonitis virus challenge due to recombinant vaccinia virus immunization

The gene encoding the fusogenic spike protein of the coronavirus causing feline infectious peritonitis was recombined into the genome of vaccinia virus. The recombinant induced spike-protein-specific, in vitro neutralizing antibodies in mice. When kittens were immunized with the recombinant, low titers of neutralizing antibodies were obtained. After challenge with feline infectious peritonitis virus, these animals succumbed earlier than did the control group immunized with wild-type vaccinia virus (early death syndrome).
The ascending fiber projections from the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus in the rat

Persisting reports of uncrossed secondary trigeminothalamic pathways originating from the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus (PrV) are based mainly on data obtained from surgically induced lesions analyzed by methods other than reduced silver impregnation techniques. After complete stereotaxic or direct surgical lesions of PrV, degenerating fibers proceed ventrally and rostrally from the nucleus and cross the midline in the rostral pons, completing their decussation caudal to nucleus interpeduncularis. These fibers form a large trigeminal lemniscus that ascends through the midbrain dorsomedial to the smaller medial lemniscus. PrV fibers terminate in the posterior thalamic nucleus and throughout the medial two‐thirds of the ventrobasal thalamic complex (VBm) contralateral to the side of the lesion. Connections with the ventral part of zona incerta were also found similar to those reported for the medial lemniscus.
Technique to Distinguish Tracks of Leopard and Tiger Cub

The stride of a large cat in its normal walk is the distance from the tip of the impression or the pad of a hind limb to the corresponding position at an adjacent impression of the same pug. The stride is also approximately twice the distance between two adjacent pug marks, that of the left and right hind limbs during normal walk, and approximately thrice during a short pace gait. It is concluded from the present study that the strides of adult leopard were mostly above 90 cm while that of young tigers were 70-85 cm. These observations have formed the basis to distinguish the tracks of a leopard and a young tiger, both of which may have a pug mark length of 8-9 cm.
Contribution a l'etude des peches en amerique latine

Depuis quelques annees, la production maritime latino-americaine enregistre une forte croissance; ce phenomene est tout a fait original dans un contexte international marque par le declin des captures. Si le perou a ete un pionnier en la matiere; depuis les annees soixante-dix quatre-vingt, la plupart des etats cotiers decouvrent l'interet du secteur halieutique. L'espace maritime devient un lieu de production. En depit des disparites, les strategies de valorisation des ressources biologiques marines presentent quelques traits communs : la production repose essentiellement sur la peche industrielle et les especess speculatives destinees aux marches internationaux et a la bourgeoisie locale. Cet essor, stimule par des facteurs exogenes, s'accompagne rarement d'un veritable developpement et, trops souvent, les populations littorales traditionnelles ne sont pas associees aux programmes de modernisation des peches. Toutefois, ce modele rencontre des limites; la surexploitation de certains stocks, la degradation de l'environnement, l'effort de structuration des associations de pecheurs-artisans et les nouvelles strategies des organismes internationaux devraient se traduire par une meilleure gestion des ressources.
Methylene blue alleviates nuclear and mitochondrial abnormalities in progeria

Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a fatal premature aging disease, is caused by a single‐nucleotide mutation in the LMNA gene. Previous reports have focused on nuclear phenotypes in HGPS cells, yet the potential contribution of the mitochondria, a key player in normal aging, remains unclear. Using high‐resolution microscopy analysis, we demonstrated a significantly increased fraction of swollen and fragmented mitochondria and a marked reduction in mitochondrial mobility in HGPS fibroblast cells. Notably, the expression of PGC‐1α, a central regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, was inhibited by progerin. To rescue mitochondrial defects, we treated HGPS cells with a mitochondrial‐targeting antioxidant methylene blue (MB). Our analysis indicated that MB treatment not only alleviated the mitochondrial defects but also rescued the hallmark nuclear abnormalities in HGPS cells. Additional analysis suggested that MB treatment released progerin from the nuclear membrane, rescued perinuclear heterochromatin loss and corrected misregulated gene expression in HGPS cells. Together, these results demonstrate a role of mitochondrial dysfunction in developing the premature aging phenotypes in HGPS cells and suggest MB as a promising therapeutic approach for HGPS.
Sensorimotor compliant motion from geometric perception

Most of the approaches proposed in the field of sensor based assembly use force and velocity, i.e., sensor signals representing dynamics, as a base on which a desired compliant motion strategy is specified. In contrast, especially while performing alignment and insertion tasks the problem of sensing the assembly state of two objects w.r. t. each other is of geometric nature. Using a generic sensorimotor skill model for compliant motion tasks we discuss the difference between dynamic and geometric perception. We propose approaches of kinesthetic and visual sensing and show the robustness of compliant motion skill maps obtained from sensor signals representing the task geometry rather than the task dynamics.
The causes of neonatal hypoglycemia.

The risk of hypoglycemia in neonates is high. If their first feeding is delayed for as little as three to six hours after birth, 10 percent of normal neonates cannot maintain plasma glucose concentrations above 30 mg per deciliter (1.7 mmol per liter). 1 The risk is even higher among premature infants and those who are small or large for gestational age. After 12 hours of life, the risk of hypoglycemia in normal neonates falls, but it remains substantial throughout the newborn period, especially in infants with birth asphyxia or low birth weight. Although neonatal hypoglycemia can cause seizures and permanent .