Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors that modify the association between knee pain and mobility limitation in older women: the Women's Health and Aging Study

OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of pain severity, knee extensor muscle weakness, obesity, depression, and activity on the association between recent knee pain and limitation of usual and fast paced walking, and ability to rise from a chair. METHODS A cross sectional analysis of 769 older women (mean age 77.8, range 65–101) with physical disability, but no severe cognitive impairment. Severity of knee pain in the past month was classified as none, moderate, or severe. Mobility was measured using timed performance tests. RESULTS The prevalence of recent knee pain was 53% (408/769). One third of the women with pain reported it to be severe. In general, knee pain was only significantly associated with limited mobility if severe. Obesity, activity and, to a lesser extent, depression intensified the effects of pain. Knee extensor weakness did not. Obesity was a distinctive risk factor in that it substantially increased the risk of mobility limitation, but only in women with pain. In women who had severe pain, activity (walking more than three city blocks in the past week) increased the risk of walking disability more than inactivity. Depression had a minor, but statistically significant effect on walking ability, but not the ability to rise from a chair. CONCLUSION In older women with recent knee pain, a high pain severity score, obesity, and activity are important factors that increase the risk of mobility limitation.
How will biotic interactions influence climate change–induced range shifts?

Biotic interactions present a challenge in determining whether species distributions will track climate change. Interactions with competitors, consumers, mutualists, and facilitators can strongly influence local species distributions, but few studies assess how and whether these interactions will impede or accelerate climate change–induced range shifts. In this paper, we explore how ecologists might move forward on this question. We first outline the conditions under which biotic interactions can result in range shifts that proceed faster or slower than climate velocity and result in ecological surprises. Next, we use our own work to demonstrate that experimental studies documenting the strength of biotic interactions across large environmental gradients are a critical first step for understanding whether they will influence climate change–induced range shifts. Further progress could be made by integrating results from these studies into modeling frameworks to predict how or generalize when biotic interactions mediate how changing climates influence range shifts. Finally, we argue that many more case studies like those described here are needed to explore the importance of biotic interactions during climate change–induced range shifts.
GRUV: Algorithmic Music Generation using Recurrent Neural Networks

We compare the performance of two different types of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for the task of algorithmic music generation, with audio waveforms as input. In particular, we focus on RNNs that have a sophisticated gating mechanism, namely, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network and the recently introduced Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). Our results indicate that the generated outputs of the LSTM network were signiﬁcantly more musically plausible than those of the GRU.
PERAN NILAI-NILAI RELIGIUS KERAJAAN SINTANG DALAM MEMBINA KARAKTER GENERASI MUDA : Studi Kasus Pada Masyarakat di Pulau Prigi Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perilaku generasi muda yang menyimpang dari norma-norma yang berlaku. Perilaku menyimpang generasi muda mencerminkan adanya karakter tidak baik, hal ini menjadikan warganegara yang baik (good citizenship) tidak akan terwujud. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran nilai-nilai religius kerajaan Sintang dalam membina karakter generasi muda. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas raja Sintang, abdi dalem kerajaan Sintang, tokoh masyarakat, tokoh agama, dan tokoh pemuda. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan analisis dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Hubermans, yakni melalui tahap pengumpulan data, reduksi, dispaly, verifikasi dan simpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 1) Filosofi dan latar belakang nilai-nilai religius kerajaan Sintang mengadaptasi dari nilai-nilai yang diterapkan oleh Kerajaan Sintang dahulu dan masih dilestarikan hingga saat ini. 2) Implementasi nilai-nilai religius Kerajaan Sintang dalam membina karakter generasi muda sebagai bentuk dari pembangunan berkelanjutan berbentuk dua kegiatan yaitu kegiatan situs keagamaan dan seni tari bernafaskan Islam, 3) Generasi muda setelah mendapat pembinaan dapat menerima dan melaksanakan nilai-nilai religius kerajaan Sintang dengan baik, 4) Keberhasilan dalam pembinaan karakter generasi muda adanya dukungan dari faktor intern dan ekstern, begitu juga hambatan yang terjadi yaitu adanya faktor intern dan ekstern yang mempengaruhi, 5) Solusi dalam mengatasi faktor penghambat dalam membina karakter generasi muda dilakukan suatu kebijakan dengan mengadakan musyawarah mufakat antara pemerintah daerah, pihak kerajaan Sintang, tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat dan tokoh pemuda. Penelitian merekomendasikan bahwa, (1) Pemerintah dan kerajaan Sintang untuk mengoptimalkan kegiatan pembinaan karakter generasi muda. (2) Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan yang lebih mendalam terkait pembinaan karakter generasi muda melalui peranan nilai religius Kerajaan Sintang.
‘Untangling Absorptive Capacity’ – The Salient Context of Projects

This paper advances the understanding of absorptive capacity by disentangling its four distinct sub-dimensions. Most of the studies in extant literature have treated absorptive capacity as unidimensional concept and as a firm-level construct without paying due attention to its organizational antecedents. Based on the observation that deliberated inter-unit knowledge transfer processes are mostly executed through projects in practice, we suggest that project specific characteristics (i.e., task, time and team) should be considered as salient and relevant antecedents of absorptive capacity. In that regard, we discuss how scope of task, composition of team and perceptions of time have varying and somewhat conflicting effects on acquisition, assimilation, transformation and exploitation dimensions of absorptive capacity.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA

Social networking sites (SNSs) have created a new social dimension where individuals can increase their social awareness by keeping in touch with old friends, making new friends, dispensing new data or products and gathering information in other aspects of everyday life. This helps individuals become more knowledgeable, which is very beneficial for students. This research attempts to obtain students’ perceptions on how their use of social networking sites influences their academic performance. We conducted a preliminary survey of a group of Malaysian university student to gather initial findings on their use of social networking sites and its influence on their academic performance. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyze the data. This study found that the majority of respondents agreed that social networking sites have a positive impact on their academic performance.
The Interaction Between the DOCSIS 1 . 1 / 2 . 0 MAC Protocol and TCP Application Performance

The deployment of data-over-cable broadband Internet access continues to unfold throughout the world. While there are competing technologies, the Data over Cable (DOCSIS) 1.1/2.0 effort is emerging as the single standard. There has been little research exploring the impact that the DOCSIS 1.1/2.0 MAC and physical layers has on the performance of Internet applications. We have developed a model of DOCSIS using the ‘ns’ simulation package. In this paper we present the results of a performance analysis that we have conducted using the model. The contribution of our work is twofold. First, we provide insight into the interaction between the DOCSIS MAC protocol and web traffic. Our analysis suggests that DOCSIS does not efficiently support downstream web browsing. Second, we show how a DOCSIS system is vulnerable to a denial of service attack by a hacker who exploits the interaction between the DOCSIS MAC layer and TCP. We show that downstream rate control is not sufficient to avoid the vulnerability.
Effortfulness and flexibility of dispositional judgment processes.

Two experiments investigated how situational information is used to identify behavior (assimilative identification) and to adjust dispositional inferences from the identified behavior (inferential adjustment). Participants heard an ambiguous or unambiguous evaluation of a job candidate by an evaluator who was under situational pressure to present either a positive or negative evaluation. In Experiment 1 participants were under low or high cognitive load. In Experiment 2 the situational information was either validated or invalidated. Results showed that cognitive load and invalidation eliminated the use of situational information for inferential adjustment. Behavior ambiguity determined the use of situational information for assimilative identification. The results suggest that the use of situational information for assimilative identification is resource independent but inflexible, whereas inferential adjustment is flexible but resource dependent.
Subspace-constrained supervector PLDA for speaker verification

In this paper, we consider speaker supervectors as observed variables and model them with a supervector probabilistic linear discriminant analysis model (SV-PLDA). By constraining the speaker and channel variability to lie in a common low-dimensional subspace, the model parameters and veriﬁcation log likelihood ratios (LLR) can be computed in this low-dimensional subspace. Unlike the standard i-vector framework, SV-PLDA does not ignore the uncertainty arising from the variable length of a speech cut (observation noise). Moreover, the SV-PLDA model can be equivalently formulated in terms of an intermediate low-dimensional representation denoted as projected i-vectors ( π -vectors). This intermediate representation facilitates the use of techniques that are important in practice such as length normalization and multi-cut enrollment averaging. We validate the proposed model on a subset of the NIST extended-SRE12 telephone dataset for which test segments of nominal durations of 300, 100, and 30 seconds are available. We show signiﬁcant improvements over the standard i-vector system for the short-duration test cuts and also compare SV-PLDA with recently proposed extensions of the i-vector framework that also include the observation noise.
Implementation Science the National Institute of Health Research (nihr) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (clahrc) for Leicestershire, Northamptonshire and Rutland (lnr): a Programme Protocol

Background: In October 2008, the National Institute for Health Research launched nine new research projects to develop and investigate methods of translating research evidence into practice. Given the title Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC), all involve collaboration between one or more universities and the local health service, but they are adopting different approaches to achieve translation.
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF RABIES IN INSECTIVOROUS BATS

Studies on the influence of environmental temperature on the pathogenesis of rabies in two species of experimentally infected Chiroptera, the Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida mexicana) and the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), provided evidence that little or no viral multiplication occurs in the inactive host during experimentally induced hibernation. When inoculated animals are wakened from hibernation by transfer to a warm room, virus previously in "cold storage" multiplies, reaching detectable levels in various tissues. Similar results were obtained with two strains of rabies virus, a canine rabies street virus which produced a fatal infection in man and a strain isolated from the pooled brown fat of naturally infected little brown bats. However, certain differences in the characteristics of these virus strains were observed. The canine rabies virus strain produced an encephalitic disease in mice and overt symptoms in bats; the bat rabies virus producing an encephalomyelitic disease in mice and infrequent symptoms in bats. The bat rabies virus had a greater predilection for brown adipose tissue than the canine strain. Results obtained with the bat rabies virus in hibernating animals indicate that after a period of latency in a dormant animal activated virus may reach the salivary gland more rapidly, with greater frequency, and attain higher concentrations than in animals which have not experienced a period of hibernation. The significance of these results as they relate to the natural history of bat rabies is discussed.
CD4 cell-monitored treatment interruption in patients with a CD4 cell count > 500 × 106 cells/l

Background:Little is known about CD4 cell count changes in patients with high CD4 cell counts who interrupt antiretroviral therapy, especially in those with a nadir of 250–350 × 106 cells/l. Methods:Data derived from 139 patients from seven prospective cohorts who had > 12 months highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), CD4 cell count nadir of > 250 × 106 cells/l and at pre-interruption of > 500 × 106 cells/l. Endpoint was time to CD4 cell count < 350 × 106 cells/l or reinitiation of treatment. Results:At interruption, the median CD4 cell count was 800 × 106 cells/l, median viral load was 1.7 log10 copies/ml. At the time of analysis, 63 (45.3%) had resumed therapy or experienced < 350 × 106 cells/l CD4 cells over a median interruption of 75 weeks. Of these, 33 (52.4%) experienced a decline to < 350 × 106 cells/l and 30 (47.6%) restarted therapy before their CD4 cell count had fallen below this level. In 43 patients with CD4 cell nadir of 251–350 × 106 cells/l, median time to therapy resumption or CD4 cell count < 350 × 106 cells/l was 61 weeks. Higher CD4 cell count nadir, longer duration of viral load suppression on therapy, and higher viral load level at interruption were independently associated with longer time to restart therapy. The risk of clinical events was 5 per 1000 person-years of follow-up. Conclusions:Patients who started therapy with CD4 cell count of 250–350 × 106 cells/l and who later interrupted therapy appear able to remain off therapy with a CD4 cell count > 350 × 106 cells/l for a substantial period of time.
Predictors of Return to Work for People With Psychiatric Disabilities

This investigation was a baseline study to determine if the speed of return to work could be predicted for people with psychiatric disabilities in a private sector setting. Participants with psychiatric disability claims who returned to work (N = 300) were obtained from a nationwide Fortune 500 insurance company. The authors compared the speed of return to work for the participants, as measured by days on claim, among the levels of demographic and vocational variables. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that several vocational variables were significant predictors. Participants who were not self-employed were found to have significantly (p < .01) fewer days on claim than participants who were self-employed. Predisability occupational experience and age at return to work were significant (p < .05) predictors of return to work. The low R2 value does constrain how these results may be generalized to this particular population. Surprisingly, many of the factors that were predictive of return to work in populations studied in the public sector were not significant in the present investigation. Implications for disability insurers, rehabilitation counselors, and people with psychiatric disabilities are discussed.
Applied cryptography : protocols, algorithms, and source codein C

Cryptographic techniques have applications far beyond the obvious uses of encoding and decoding information. For Internet developers who need to know about capabilities, such as digital signatures, that depend on cryptographic techniques, theres no better overview than Applied Cryptography, the definitive book on the subject. Bruce Schneier covers general classes of cryptographic protocols and then specific techniques, detailing the inner workings of real-world cryptographic algorithms including the Data Encryption Standard and RSA public-key cryptosystems. The book includes source-code listings and extensive advice on the practical aspects of cryptography implementation, such as the importance of generating truly random numbers and of keeping keys secure.
A NEW SPECIES OF HEPATOZOON (APICOMPLEXA: ADELEORINA) FROM PYTHON REGIUS (SERPENTES: PYTHONIDAE) AND ITS EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION BY A MOSQUITO VECTOR

Hepatozoon ayorgbor n. sp. is described from specimens of Python regius imported from Ghana. Gametocytes were found in the peripheral blood of 43 of 55 snakes examined. Localization of gametocytes was mainly inside the erythrocytes; free gametocytes were found in 15 (34.9%) positive specimens. Infections of laboratory-reared Culex quinquefasciatus feeding on infected snakes, as well as experimental infection of juvenile Python regius by ingestion of infected mosquitoes, were performed to complete the life cycle. Similarly, transmission to different snake species (Boa constrictor and Lamprophis fuliginosus) and lizards (Lepidodactylus lugubris) was performed to assess the host specificity. Isolates were compared with Hepatozoon species from sub-Saharan reptiles and described as a new species based on the morphology, phylogenetic analysis, and a complete life cycle.
IL-17A–Producing γδ T and Th17 Lymphocytes Mediate Lung Inflammation but Not Fibrosis in Experimental Silicosis

IL-17–producing T lymphocytes play a crucial role in inflammation, but their possible implication in fibrosis remains to be explored. In this study, we examined the involvement of these cells in a mouse model of lung inflammation and fibrosis induced by silica particles. Upregulation of IL-17A was associated with the development of experimental silicosis, but this response was markedly reduced in athymic, γδ T cell-deficient or CD4+ T cell-depleted mice. In addition, γδ T lymphocytes and CD4+ T cells, but not macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells or CD8 T cells, purified from the lungs of silicotic mice markedly expressed IL-17A. Depletion of alveolar macrophages or neutralization of IL-23 reduced upregulation of IL-17A in the lung of silicotic mice. IL-17R–deficient animals (IL-17R−/−) or IL-17A Ab neutralization, but not IL-22−/− mice, developed reduced neutrophil influx and injury during the early lung response to silica. However, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and TGF-β expression induced by silica were not attenuated in the absence of IL-17R or -22 or after IL-17A Ab blockade. In conclusion, a rapid lung recruitment of IL-17A–producing T cells, mediated by macrophage-derived IL-23, is associated with experimental silicosis in mice. Although the acute alveolitis induced by silica is IL-17A dependent, this cytokine appears dispensable for the development of the late inflammatory and fibrotic lung responses to silica.
Antimalarial effects of vinyl sulfone cysteine proteinase inhibitors

We evaluated the antimalarial effects of vinyl sulfone cysteine proteinase inhibitors. A number of vinyl sulfones strongly inhibited falcipain, a Plasmodium falciparum cysteine proteinase that is a critical hemoglobinase. In studies of cultured parasites, nanomolar concentrations of three vinyl sulfones inhibited parasite hemoglobin degradation, metabolic activity, and development. The antimalarial effects correlated with the inhibition of falcipain. Our results suggest that vinyl sulfones or related cysteine proteinase inhibitors may have promise as antimalarial agents.
Sustainable development: a mission for social work? A normative approach

Sustainable development: a mission for social work? A normative approach. The answer to the current social-ecological crisis requires a transition to a sustainable society. Such a transition will touch on all aspects of life, so social work too has to think about the meaning of sustainable development for its practice. Until now, the awareness of ecological limits has remained mainly beyond the scope of the field of social work. However, many social and ecological problems are increasingly linked and this is the very focus of the concept of sustainable development. This article sets out how social work could, on the basis of its own mission, join a process of sustainable development. To this end, we compare the normative framework of the Brundtland view on sustainable development with the mission of social work as implied by its international definition. This analysis allows us to formulate some guidelines on how social work can contribute to a transition to a sustainable society. Duurzame ontwikkeling: een missie voor sociaal werk? Een normatieve benadering. De huidige sociaal-ecologische crisis vraagt om een transitie naar een duurzame samenleving, en die raakt aan alle aspecten van ons leven. Daarom moet ook het sociaal werk nadenken over de betekenis van duurzame ontwikkeling voor zijn praktijk. Tot nu toe bleef het bewustzijn van ecologische grenzen grotendeels buiten het aandachtsveld van het sociaal werk. Nochtans is het steeds maar groeiende verband tussen veel sociale en ecologische problemen de centrale focus van het concept duurzame ontwikkeling. Dit artikel argumenteert hoe het sociaal werk op grond van zijn eigen missie kan aansluiten bij een proces van duurzame ontwikkeling. Daartoe wordt het normatieve kader van de Brundtland-visie op duurzame ontwikkeling vergeleken met de missie van het sociaal werk die besloten ligt in zijn internationale definitie. Die analyse maakt het mogelijk om enkele voorwaarden te formuleren voor een bijdrage van het sociaal werk aan een duurzaamheidstransitie.
Where have all the feelings gone? Developing reflective and relationship-based management in child-care social work

The past five years have witnessed a growing recognition of the importance of management and leadership in the social work profession. The Social Work Task Force Report has underlined the need for ‘dedicated programmes of training and support for frontline social work managers’ and the Social Work Reform Board is tasked with taking this recommendation forward. Central to these developments is the question of how such ‘dedicated programmes’ are defined and developed. Developing a reflective management model that holds in a creative tension both the reflective and relationship-based dimensions of management and the positive aspects of managerialism offers an effective way of responding to these challenges. The paper considers the contribution of psycho-dynamic theoretical perspectives to this model of management. The capacity of these perspectives to equip managers to more effectively respond to issues of risk, uncertainty and anxiety is illustrated with examples drawn from case discussions undertaken with social work managers in the context of a post-qualification social work programme. The paper concludes by outlining how complex reflective management practice is facilitated by reflective organisational contexts which embrace diverse knowledge sources, promote relationship-based skills and found themselves on reflective values