Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Cognitive-Functional Assessment to Predict Self-Care Performance of Memory Care Tenants

A challenge in admitting individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias into memory care residential facilities is determining the appropriate level of service based on abilities and care needs. At intake, the incoming tenant’s functional performance capacity is obtained through family or proxy report corroborated with screening results of global cognitive function. Based on this information, the agency determines the level of service needs; if misjudged, inadequate placement can be stressful for the individual and family and costly for the facility. This study examined the predictive validity of a clinically administered assessment of cognitive-functional performance, Cognitive Performance Test (CPT), in gauging service needs in 4 activities of daily living (ADL; dressing, eating/feeding, showering, and toothbrushing) with 57 tenants residing in a memory care-assisted living facility. Linear regression results revealed a significant relationship between CPT scores and ADL performance in all areas (P < .001) with CPT scores accounting for 51% to 62% of the variability in performance.
Reduced power multislice MDEFT imaging

A novel method is presented for acquiring multislice T1‐weighted images. The method utilizes non‐slice‐selective inversion pulses followed by a series of slice‐selective excitations. k‐space is divided into a number of segments equal to the number of slices. Successive segments of k‐space are assigned to successive slice‐selective pulses, and the order in which the slices are excited is manipulated to ensure that images of each slice have identical contrast and point spread function (PSF). This method is applied to the MDEFT experiment, a particular version of the inversion recovery experiment. The implications of this acquisition scheme on the PSF are examined, and it is shown that, provided the k‐space modulation function does not change sign, a good PSF is achieved. For a given maximum number of slices, the total experimental duration depends only on TR and the number of phase‐encoding steps. A method of accelerating the experiment by multiply exciting each slice is described. An experimental demonstration of the proposed sequences is given by imaging the human head at 3 T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;11:445–451. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of the JAK/STAT pathway following transient focal cerebral ischemia: Signaling through Jak1 and Stat3 in astrocytes

JAK/STAT is one of the pathways bearing signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus in response to extracellular growth factors and cytokines. In the present study, we examined the cellular distribution of Jak1 and Stat3, and activation of the JAK/STAT pathway following transient focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Jak1 was mainly seen in white matter astrocytes and in certain neurons. Notably, large pyramidal neurons of cortical layer V showed the highest neuronal Jak1 expression within cerebral cortex and, in addition, expressed Stat3 indicating that the JAK/STAT pathway is involved in signaling in the corticofugal projection system. Shortly following ischemia, Jak1 immunoreactive astrocytes located in the ipsilateral neighbouring white matter and ischemic cortex and striatum showed nuclear translocation of Stat3. These features were maintained in large reactive astrocytes that surrounded the infarct from 3 to 7 days. At these later times, the abundant reactive microglia/macrophages were strongly immunoreactive to Stat3 and, to a lesser extent, Jak1. Two main protein complexes showing DNA binding activity at the sis‐inducible element site were found under basal conditions, followed by changes in this pattern following ischemia concomitant with neuronal cell loss and activation of glia. This study showed basal cerebral activity of JAK/STAT signaling pathway, involving Jak1 and Stat3 proteins, and selective activation following ischemia. It is suggested that the kinase activity of Jak1 mediates nuclear translocation of Stat3 in astrocytes, and that this signaling pathway is involved in the astroglial response to focal cerebral ischemia. GLIA 30:253–270, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of human VHY, a dual‐specificity protein phosphatase

Introduction. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play important roles in cellular signal transduction mediating cell growth, differentiation, transcription, and metabolism. PTPs have been regarded as a drug target for human disorders such as cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune disease according to their distinct mode of actions. The human PTP family, which consists of 107 members, can be divided into three classes of Cys-based PTPs and a class of Asp-based PTPs according to their substrate specificity and structural characteristics. Cys-based PTPs include 38 classical PTPs and 61 dual-specific PTPs (DSPs), which can dephosphorylate both phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine substrates, whereas classical PTPs only can dephosphorylate phosphotyrosine substrates. Typical DSPs can remove phosphate groups of Erk, Jnk, and p38 at their dually phosphorylated pT-X-pY motif (X is any amino acid). Besides the catalytic domain, typical DSPs have an additional mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase–binding (MKB) domain that contributes to substrate binding and determination of substrate specificity. Atypical DSPs are distinct in that they lack the MKB domain and thereby constitute smaller enzymes than typical DSPs. Among 19 members of atypical DSPs known in the human genome, Vaccinia virus VH1-related dual-specific protein phosphatase (VHR) is well characterized structurally and biologically. VH1-related member Y (VHY) is another member of atypical DSPs and quite recently has been characterized as a testis-specific DSP encoded by the DUSP15 gene. VHY is an active phosphatase in vitro and is readily detectable in spermatocytes and spermatids. Further, the subcellular location of VHY is the plasma membrane in a myristoylation-dependent manner. Thus, VHY may be involved in the regulation of meiotic signal transduction in testis cells. Here we report the crystal structure of human VHY catalytic domain (VHYc) at 2.4 Å. The detailed structural information of VHYc reveals distinct structural motif and surface properties compared to those of VHR, suggesting that VHY may have unique substrate specificity and a regulation mechanism.
Evidence for Electrical Organization During Ventricular Fibrillation in the Human Heart

Electrical Organization During VF. Introduction: Ventricular fibrillation is a most dangerous cardiac arrhythmia that has received considerable attention, yet its pattern of electrical activation remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of organization during the clinical arrhythmia and to examine the phase relationship between deflections in independent ECG leads.
The relationship of cataract maturity to intraocular pressure in dogs.

OBJECTIVE To determine the distribution of intraocular pressure, as measured by applanation tonometry, in dogs with cataracts, and compare these tonometric results to the different stages of cataract formation (incipient, immature, mature, and hypermature). Animals studied Retrospection study of canine clinical patients (86 dogs). PROCEDURES All records of dogs presented from 1991 to 1996 to the university veterinary medical teaching hospital for diagnosis of cataracts and evaluation for cataract surgery were reviewed. The tonometric measurements from the initial ophthalmic examination were selected in cataractous and nonglaucomatous eyes either receiving no topical or no systemic medications. The stage of cataracts was based on the degree of opacification, tapetal reflection, clinical vision, and visibility of the ocular fundus by indirect ophthalmoscopy. The distribution of tonometric results were grouped by the cataract maturity, and compared by anova and Tukey's general linear tests. RESULTS Intraocular pressure with incipient cataracts ranged from 9 to 17 mmHg (mean 12.7 +/- 1.2 mmHg). Intraocular pressure with immature cataracts ranged from 3 to 27 mmHg (mean 13.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg). For the mature cataracts, IOP ranged from 5 to 22 mmHg (mean 11.9 +/- 0.7 mmHg). For the hypermature cataract group, IOP ranged from 4 to 23 mmHg (mean 10.8 +/- 0.6 mmHg). Comparison of the tonometric results among the different stages of cataract formation indicated a significant difference (P = 0.0086) between only the immature and hypermature groups. CONCLUSIONS Intraocular pressure in lens-induced uveitis (LIU) is lowered but the relationship to the stage of cataract maturity is less clear. Significant tonometric differences were present between the immature and hypermature cataract groups, but these differences are too small to be clinically useful. Decreased intraocular pressure of dogs with all stages of cataract formation suggests concurrent LIU during all stages of cataract formation, especially with the mature and hypermature stages. The average tonometric measurements in dogs with these cataracts were about two standard deviations below the mean IOP reported in normal dogs.
Program Analysis and Evaluation using Quimera

During last years, a new challenge rose up inside the programming communities: the programming contests. Programming contests can vary slightly in the rules but all of them are intended to assess the competitor skills concerning the ability to solve problems using a computer. These contests raise up three kind of challenges: to create a nice problem statement (for the members of the scientific committee); to solve the problem in a good way (for the programmers); to find a fair way to assess the results (for the judges). This paper presents a web-based application, QUIMERA intended to be a full programming-contest management system, as well as an automatic judge. Besides the traditional dynamic approach for program evaluation, QUIMERA still provides static analysis of the program for a more fine assessment of solutions. Static analysis takes profit from the technology developed for compilers and language-based tools and is supported by source code analysis and
Arduino based I / O-system for rapid prototyping of robotic systems

This paper presents a possible solution for the difficult balancing act between abstraction and controllability developers face when designing a complex autonomous system. The problem can be tackled by creating dedicated microcontroller based I/O-systems for achieving controllability of sensors and actors. Abstraction is provided by the use of a C++ software framework which hides the communication with the microcontroller based I/O-systems and the concrete implementation from the developer. Verification is achieved for the complete system using unit testing methods known from standard software development.
Studies in applying PCA and wavelet algorithms for network traffic anomaly detection

The rising complexity of network anomalies necessitates increased attention to developing new techniques for detecting those anomalies. The majority of current network and security monitoring tools utilize a signature-based approach to detect anomalies. This approach must be complemented with other methods to widen the coverage and speed of anomaly detection. In recent years, a great deal of effort has been spent on studying network traffic anomaly detection techniques by security researchers. Those techniques include the statistical analysis technique referred to as PCA (Principal Component Analysis), clustering and Wavelet-based spectral analysis of network traffic. This paper makes three key contributions to advance the state of the art in network traffic anomaly detection. First, we study the effectiveness of PCA and Wavelet algorithms in detecting network anomalies from a labeled data set known as Kyoto2006+ - providing a useful baseline for future researchers. Second, we propose a novel anomaly detection approach based on a hybrid PCA-Haar Wavelet analysis methodology. The hybrid approach uses PCA to describe the data and Haar Wavelet filtering for analysis. Finally, we study the impact of applying the techniques solely to flow-based traffic summary data to detect network anomalies. The experimental results demonstrate an improved accuracy of the hybrid approach in comparison with the two algorithms individually.
THE ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCES NGC 1313 X-1 AND X-2: A BROADBAND STUDY WITH NuSTAR AND XMM-Newton

We present the results of NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations of the two ultraluminous X-ray sources: NGC 1313 X-1 and X-2. The combined spectral bandpass of the two satellites enables us to produce the first spectrum of X-1 between 0.3 and 30 keV, while X-2 is not significantly detected by NuSTAR above 10 keV. The NuSTAR data demonstrate that X-1 has a clear cutoff above 10 keV, whose presence was only marginally detectable with previous X-ray observations. This cutoff rules out the interpretation of X-1 as a black hole in a standard low/hard state, and it is deeper than predicted for the downturn of a broadened iron line in a reflection-dominated regime. The cutoff differs from the prediction of a single-temperature Comptonization model. Further, a cold disk-like blackbody component at ∼0.3 keV is required by the data, confirming previous measurements by XMM-Newton only. We observe a spectral transition in X-2, from a state with high luminosity and strong variability to a lower-luminosity state with no detectable variability, and we link this behavior to a transition from a super-Eddington to a sub-Eddington regime.
SWITCHING MORTUARY CODES AND RITUAL PROGRAMS: THE DOUBLE-MONOLITH-CIRCLE FROM SINE-NGAYENE, SENEGAL

This paper addresses a number of connected issues revolving around mortuary practices in the Senegambian megalithic traditions, through the lenses of the intriguing double-monolith-circle #27 of Sine-Ngayene, also known as Diallombere. Despite more than a century of archaeological investigation, the diversity of Senegambian megalithic features is still very poorly understood. Most of the cases investigated so far have been claimed to feature single or multiple simultaneous primary burials. The presence of incomplete skeletons is generally explained by poor preservation due to soils’ corrosive effects. Monument #27, located at the center of the Sine- Ngayene cemetery, presents an unexpectedly long uselife, characterized by shifting ways of arranging humans’ skeletal remains — mortuary codes switching — as well as their associated ritual use of material culture, within the general context of secondary burial practices. Four distinct and successive cycles, spanning over ca 700 years (AD 700 – AD 1350), have been identified and the construction sequence of this complex monument deciphered.
Capillarity, Fibre Types and Fibre Morphometry in Different Sampling Sites across and along the Tibialis anterior Muscle of the Rat

Capillarity, fibre types, fibre cross-sectional areas and perimeters were studied along and across the rat tibialis anterior muscle. The muscle was sectioned at three different levels (proximal, equatorial and distal) choosing five sampling fields for measurements at each level (from anterior to posterior and lateral to medial zones). Significant differences were found in the percentage of fibre types and capillarity between different fields of the same muscle section. Slow oxidative fibres were confined to the posterior muscle zone with a maximum of 3.7%. The posterior fields also had a greater percentage of fast oxidative glycolytic fibres at proximal (72.3%) and equatorial (61.3%) levels, but a lower value at the distal level (44.8%) and lower capillary density counts in total cross-section means (758 vs. 1,069 capillaries/mm2 in equatorial and 1,035 capillaries/mm2 at proximal levels). The uneven distribution of both fast fibre types and the different degrees of capillarisation along the muscle are statistically significant and may be due to different biomechanical performances along the rat tibialis anterior. Fibre size was significantly larger at the distal level, but no morphometric differences were found across the section of the same level. At the distal level, the mean total fibre area of fast glycolytic fibres (5,130 μm2) and fast oxidative glycolytic fibres (2,493 μm2) contrasted with values at the proximal (fast glycolytic: 4,070 μm2, fast oxidative glycolytic: 1,970 μm2) and equatorial (fast glycolytic: 3,535 μm2, fast oxidative glycolytic: 1,714 μm2) levels. The differences along and across the muscle show the need to design a standardised procedure for sample location when performing comparative studies of morphofunctional adaptive changes in skeletal muscle. A significant difference between individuals (animals) in all parameters was evident and should be taken into consideration when analysing the variability: the factor ‘animal’ should be considered in multiway ANOVAs, especially when low sample sizes are used.
Deployable reflector system for satellite applications

A prototype is herein presented for a new mechanism for deploying reflector antennas introduced by the authors in M. Terada et al. (2005, 1999). The prototype, herein referred to as DRSAT (deployable reflector for satellite applications), was constructed using sheet aluminum, a fine metal mesh, an existing feed and low noise block, and a directionally adjustable base. The deployment mechanism and reflector surface were designed and constructed using these base materials. The DRSAT design employs a 39-cm offset reflector antenna, which when collapsed occupies less than 0.03 m/sup 3/. Computer simulations performed with the program PRAC (parabolic reflector analysis code) (M. Terada, 1999) were conducted to validate the design and assess the impact of surface errors during manufacturing.
Increased waiting time for liver transplantation results in higher mortality.

BACKGROUND Waiting time to liver transplantation (LTx) has dramatically lengthened, but the proportion of candidates who die awaiting transplantation has not increased. We evaluated whether longer waiting time for LTx candidates increases mortality. METHODS A cohort of candidates listed for LTx between 1990 and 1993 by three large transplantation programs was followed for 2 years. The exposure measure was ABO blood type, which is not inherently related to outcome, but is a major determinant of waiting time. The main outcome measure was 2-year mortality, as evaluated by logistic regression analysis that controlled for differences in clinical status at the time of evaluation for LTx. RESULTS The 308 candidates with type O blood waited longer for LTx (median 109 days) than the 399 candidates with other blood types (median 58 days) (P=0.001). Candidates listed for LTx with type O blood had better clinical status at evaluation, but then had higher pretransplantation mortality (13.3%) than other candidates (7.0%) (P=0.005). Blood group O candidates had higher 2-year mortality (26.6%) than other candidates (22.1%), which on multivariate analysis resulted in a mortality odds ratio at 2 years of 1.52 (95% confidence interval=1.04-2.23). With the difference in median waiting time between blood groups increasing from 44 days in the first year to 108 days in the third year, the 2-year mortality odds ratio also rose from 0.94 to 1.97. CONCLUSIONS When compared with LTx candidates with other blood types, blood type O candidates have longer waiting times and higher pretransplantation mortality, which results in higher 2-year mortality.
Contactless Measurement of Angular Velocity Using Circularly Polarized Antennas

An innovative method to measure the angular velocity using circularly polarized antennas is proposed. Due to the properties of circular polarization, the angular velocity is frequency modulated (FM) on a wireless carrier. This enables a low-cost precise continuous measurement of angular velocity using a standard FM demodulator. The hardware can be easily adapted for both high and low angular velocity values. The precise alignment angle between the antennas can be determined if the initial antenna orientation is known. The angular error is shown to be <;1.5° for antennas with a 1-dB axial ratio. The basic method is applicable for a fixed distance between the antennas. Therefore, an advanced method that provides data for variable distances is also presented.
Amplification Using CHO Cell Expression Vectors

The ability to select for integration of plasmid DNA into the host chromosome allows the generation of stably transfected cell lines. With transfection of a selectable marker linked to a nonselectable target gene (or by cotransfection of the two unlinked genes), high‐level expression of the desired gene is obtained by selecting for amplification of the selectable marker. This unit presents two systems for gene amplification and expression. The first describes the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) selection system while the second is based on selection of the glutamine synthetase (GS) gene. The DHFR system is probably more widely used, and results in very high levels of amplification and expression; however, the DHFR amplification process is lengthy and may require several months to isolate and characterize a stable, amplified line. In contrast, the GS system typically requires only a single round of selection for amplification to achieve maximal expression levels.
Blood pressure in schoolchildren measured under standardized conditions

The blood pressures of 6346 children who were between the ages of seven and 17 years were measured under standardized conditions. Blood pressures were similar in prepubertal boys and girls. After puberty, the systolic blood pressures of the girls remained unchanged whereas those of the boys continued to rise. The difference between the fourth and fifth Korotkoff sounds was 2 mm at both the 50th and 95th percentiles. The systolic blood pressure was observed to fall over a 10‐min period by 4‐9 mmHg at the 50th percentile and 9‐15 mmHg at the 95th percentile. Over the same period of time, the diastolic blood pressure was seen to fall by 2‐3 mmHg and 3‐6 mmHg at the 50th and 95th percentiles, respectively. There was no further fall in blood pressure after 10 min. The conditions and timing of measurement are important in blood‐pressure evaluation and may explain the differences in blood pressure that have been reported for different populations.
Sleep in the pediatric ICU: an empirical investigation.

BACKGROUND Although sleep is important for physical and psychological health, no research has assessed the sleep of children in a pediatric ICU and the factors that affect sleep. OBJECTIVES To observe the sleep of children in a pediatric ICU and to determine the relationship of noise, light, contact with caregivers, parental presence, and severity of illness to the sleep obtained by children in a pediatric ICU during a 10-hour night. METHODS At 5-minute intervals from 8 PM until 6 AM, a convenience sample of nine patients was observed. Sleep state, noise and light levels, contact with caregivers, and parental presence were recorded. Severity of illness was measured on admission and within 26 hours of data collection. RESULTS Subjects slept for a mean total of 4.7 hours (SD = 0.49) during the 10-hour night, interrupted by a mean of 9.8 awakenings (SD = 2.48). The mean length of a sleep episode was only 27.6 minutes (SD = 25.85). Mean noise level was 55.1 dB(A) (SD = 6.82), with sudden, sharp elevations of up to 90 dB(A). Probit analysis indicated that noise, light, and contact with caregivers were significant predictors of sleep. Parental presence and severity of illness were not. CONCLUSIONS Patients in the pediatric ICU sleep significantly less than is normal for children of the same ages, and their patterns of sleep are seriously disturbed. Because noise, light, and contact with caregivers are significant predictors of sleep state, health professionals can use these findings to structure the environment and the care they give to promote the sleep of critically ill children.