Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broadband wireless systems and networks: an enabling role for radio–over–fibre

There has been a remarkable take up of wireless and mobile communications in recent years, such that in a number of countries the number of mobile phones now exceeds the number of fixed network connections. Alongside this, we are seeing dramatic growth in data on the network compared with voice: the so–called ‘data wave’. While much mobile network traffic is currently voice there is increasing use of the available data facilities with these now being enhanced (e.g. via evolution of the global system for mobile communications and subsequently the introduction of ‘third–generation’ systems such as the universal mobile telecommunications system). Accordingly, there is considerable interest and activity in the research community concerning possible technologies exploiting yet higher frequencies where truly broadband future wireless networks may be realized. This paper will review some of the technology options currently available or under examination for millimetre-wave broadband wireless networks and will go on to consider in some detail a specific example of ‘fixed-wireless’ technology synergies exploiting radio-over-fibre techniques to achieve flexible, reconfigurable broadband wireless networks.
Bayesian System And Copula For Event Detection And Summarization Of Soccer Videos

—Event detection is a standout amongst the most key parts for distinctive sorts of area applications of video data framework. Recently, it has picked up an extensive interest of experts and in scholastics from different zones. While detecting video event has been the subject of broad study efforts recently, impressively less existing methodology has considered multi-model data and issues related efficiency. Start of soccer matches different doubtful circumstances rise that can't be effectively judged by the referee committee. A framework that checks objectively image arrangements would prevent not right interpretations because of some errors, or high velocity of the events. Bayesian networks give a structure for dealing with this vulnerability using an essential graphical structure likewise the probability analytics. We propose an efficient structure for analyzing and summarization of soccer videos utilizing object-based features. The proposed work utilizes the t-cherry junction tree, an exceptionally recent advancement in probabilistic graphical models, to create a compact representation and great approximation intractable model for client’s relationships in an interpersonal organization. There are various advantages in this approach firstly; the t-cherry gives best approximation by means of junction tree class. Secondly, to construct a t-cherry junction tree can be to a great extent parallelized; and at last inference can be performed utilizing distributed computation. Examination results demonstrates the effectiveness, adequacy, and the strength of the proposed work which is shown over a far reaching information set, comprising more soccer feature, caught at better places.
A Framework for Cloud-Based Large-Scale Data Analytics and Visualization: Case Study on Multiscale Climate Data

In this paper, we present a cloud framework to provide cloud clustering, workflow scheduling and management, fault tolerance and distributed data storage, data analytics and visualisation services. Using a practical case study, we show that in the process of analyzing multiscale climate data, typical problems plaguing data analysts are faced. These include large datasets and limited computational resources, data complexity and limited knowledge, and varying data structures/formats and the need to integrate different tools. The implementation of our framework to climate studies was a success. This can be seen in its ability to perform spatio-temporal data analysis and visualization of a large multi-dimensional climate dataset with reduced processing time. The framework demonstrates great flexibility and simplicity for end users intending to perform data analysis by aiding the integration of data and tools and enabling interactive visualization on-the-fly. This is coupled with effective utilization of computational resources and data storage systems.
Current knowledge on the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of long-lasting disability and death. Two main strategies have been proposed for the treatment of ischemic stroke: restoration of blood flow by thrombolysis or mechanical thrombus extraction during the first few hours of ischemic stroke, which is one of the most effective treatments and leads to a better functional and clinical outcome. The other direction of treatment, which is potentially applicable to most of the patients with ischemic stroke, is neuroprotection. Initially, neuroprotection was mainly targeted at protecting gray matter, but during the past few years there has been a transition from a neuron-oriented approach toward salvaging the whole neurovascular unit using multimodal drugs. Citicoline is a multimodal drug that exhibits neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects in a variety of experimental and clinical disorders of the central nervous system, including acute and chronic cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage, and global cerebral hypoxia. Citicoline has a prolonged therapeutic window and is active at various temporal and biochemical stages of the ischemic cascade. In acute ischemic stroke, citicoline provides neuroprotection by attenuating glutamate exitotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and blood–brain barrier dysfunction. In the subacute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke, citicoline exhibits neuroregenerative effects and activates neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and angiogenesis and enhances neurotransmitter metabolism. Acute and long-term treatment with citicoline is safe and in most clinical studies is effective and improves functional outcome.
The fast and the fractalous: speed and tortuosity trade off in running ants

Summary 1. The thermal sensitivity of locomotor performance has often been described in terms of speed, but the trajectory of locomotion may play an equally important role in capturing prey or escaping predators. Hypotheses based on physical constraints or behavioural plasticity predict relationships between the speed and the tortuosity of running, which should affect the thermal sensitivity of locomotion. 2. We measured the speed and tortuosity of running by leaf-cutter ants over a range of temperatures from 10 ° C to 40 ° C. Tortuosity was estimated by the fractal dimension of each path. 3. As we expected, ants ran faster at higher temperatures, but they also followed straighter (less tortuous) paths. A negative relationship between speed and tortuosity was observed both within and among thermal environments. 4. Both biomechanical and behavioural mechanisms might have caused the observed relationship. Turning at high speeds should be more difficult because of the force needed to overcome inertia, and turning at low speeds could help ants evade a predator. Staged encounters with predators should help to define the ecological significance of the trade-off between speed and tortuosity.
POLARIZATION DIAGNOSTICS FOR COOL CORE CLUSTER EMISSION LINES

The nature of the interaction between low-excitation gas filaments at ∼104 K, seen in optical line emission, and diffuse X-ray emitting coronal gas at ∼107 K in the centers of galaxy clusters remains a puzzle. The presence of a strong, empirical correlation between the two gas phases is indicative of a fundamental relationship between them, though as yet of undetermined cause. The cooler filaments, originally thought to have condensed from the hot gas, could also arise from a merger or the disturbance of cool circumnuclear gas by nuclear activity. Here, we have searched for intrinsic line emission polarization in cool core galaxy clusters as a diagnostic of fundamental transport processes. Drawing on developments in solar astrophysics, direct energetic particle impact induced polarization holds the promise to definitively determine the role of collisional processes such as thermal conduction in the ISM physics of galaxy clusters, while providing insight into other highly anisotropic excitation mechanisms such as shocks, intense radiation fields, and suprathermal particles. Under certain physical conditions, theoretical calculations predict of the order of 10% polarization. Our observations of the filaments in four nearby cool core clusters place stringent upper limits (≲ 0.1%) on the presence of emission line polarization, requiring that if thermal conduction is operative, the thermal gradients are not in the saturated regime. This limit is consistent with theoretical models of the thermal structure of filament interfaces.
The SamarEye: A biologically inspired autonomous vehicle

Indoor flight is a new and challenging environment for unmanned aerial systems (UAS). To better explore this new flight regime, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) developed a novel biologically inspired rotorcraft called SamarEye to compete in the 2009 and 2010 International Aerial Robotics Competitions (IARC). ERAU's approach to this competition was a unique aerodynamic configuration called a monocopter. During the 2009 competition, the first known autonomous flight of a monocopter was demonstrated. This paper discusses the many constraints of the monocopter platform and how they affected the design of the control system, electrical system, and the sensor suite.
Encounters between spherical galaxies—II. Systems with a dark halo

We perform N-body simulations of encounters between spherical systems surrounded by a spherical halo. Following a preceding paper with a similar aim, the initial systems include a spherical Jaffe model for the luminous matter and a Hernquist model for the halo. The merger remnants from this sample are mainly slowly rotating, prolate spheroids with a radially anisotropic velocity distribution. The results are compared with real-life ellipticals and with the models without halo in Paper I. We argue that elliptical galaxies with evidence of dark matter could be formed in the field via a merger of spheroids surrounded by a dark matter halo, while ellipticals with no evidence of dark matter might be formed via a merger of two spheroids in a cluster.
Recognition of space-time hand-gestures using hidden Markov model

The rapidly growing interest in interactive three-dimensional(3D) computer environments highly recommend the hand gesture as one of their interaction modalities. Among several factors constituting a hand gesture, hand movement pattern is spatiotemporally variable and informative, but its automatic recognition is not trivial. In this paper, we describe a hidden Markov(HMM)-based method for recognizing the space-time hand movement pattern. HMM models the spatial variance and the time-scale variance in the hand movement. As for the recognition of the continuous, connected hand movement patterns, HMM-based segmentation method is introduced. To deal with the dimensional complexity caused by the 3D problem space, the plane fitting method is employed and the 3D data is reduced into 2D. These 2D data are then encoded as the input to HMMs. In addition to the hand movement, which is regarded as the primary attribute of the hand gesture, we also consider the hand configuration(posture) and the palm orientation. These three major attributes are processed in parallel and rather independently, followed by the inter-attribute communication for finding the proper interpretation.
Study of the sources of inaccuracy of a 3 DOF flexure hinge-based parallel manipulator

In this paper a 3 DOF in translation high-precision parallel manipulator having flexure hinges is considered for the purpose of studying its performances in terms of absolute positioning accuracy in presence of different sources of inaccuracy. Manufacturing errors, gravity and temperature gradients are the sources of inaccuracy analyzed by means of FEM simulation models. The obtained data is used to benchmark the different sources studied and to establish a theoretical limit for the positioning performances of the manipulator. The kinematic analysis is performed using simulation models.
Boosted Dynamic Cognitive Activity Recognition from Brain Images

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has become an important diagnostic tool for measuring brain haemodynamics. Previous research on analysing fMRI data mainly focuses on detecting low-level neuron activation from the ensued haemodynamic activities. An important recent advance is to show that the high-level cognitive status is recognisable from a period of fMRI records. Nevertheless, it would also be helpful to reveal dynamics of cognitive activities during the period. In this paper, we tackle the problem of discovering the dynamic cognitive activities by proposing an algorithm of boosted structure learning. We employ statistic model of random fields to represent the dynamics of the brain. To exploit the rich fMRI observations with reasonable model complexity, we build multiple models, where one model links the cognitive activities to only a fraction of the fMRI observations. We combine the simple models by using an altered AdaBoost scheme for multi-class structure learning and show theoretical justification of the proposed scheme. Empirical test shows the method effectively links the physiological and the psychological activities of the brain.
Decomposable log-linear models

The present paper considers discrete probability models with exact computational properties. In relation to contingency tables this means closed form expressions of the maksimum likelihood estimate and its distribution. The model class includes what is known as decomposable graphical models, which can be characterized by a structured set of conditional independencies between some variables given some other variables. We term the new model class decomposable log-linear models, which is illustrated to be a much richer class than decomposable graphical models. It covers a wide range of non-hierarchical models, models with structural zeroes, models described by quasi independence and models for level merging. Also, they have a very natural interpretation as they may be formulated by a structured set of conditional independencies between two events given some other event. In relation to contingency tables we term such independencies as context speciﬁc independencies.
Quantitative performance modeling of scientific computations and creating locality in numerical algorithms

How do you determine the running time of a program without actually running it? How do you design an efficient out-of-core iterative algorithm? These are the two questions answered in this thesis. The first part of the thesis demonstrates that the performance of programs can be predicted accurately, automatically, and rapidly using a method called benchmapping. The key aspects benchmapping are: automatic creation of detailed performance models, prediction of the performance of runtime system calls using these models, and automatic decomposition of a data-parallel program into a sequence of runtime system calls. The feasibility and utility of benchmapping are established using two performance-prediction systems called P scERFS scIM and B scENCHC scVL. Empirical studies show that P scERFS scIM's relative prediction errors are within 21% and that B scENCHC scVL's relative prediction errors are almost always within 33%. The second part of the thesis presents methods for creating locality in numerical algorithms. Designers of computers, compilers, and runtime systems strive to create designs that exploit the temporal locality of reference found in some programs. Unfortunately, many iterative numerical algorithms lack temporal locality. Executions of such algorithms on current high-performance computers are characterized by saturation of some communication channel (such as a bus or an I/O channel) whereas the CPU is idle most of the time. The thesis demonstrates that a new method for creating locality, called the blocking covers method, can improve the performance of iterative algorithms including multigrid, conjugate gradient, and implicit time stepping. The thesis proves that the method reduces the amount of input-output operations in these algorithms and demonstrates that the method reduces the solution time on workstations by up to a factor of 5. The thesis also describes a parallel linear equation solver which is based on a method called local densification. The method increases the amount of dependencies that can be handled by individual processors but not the amount of dependencies that generate interprocessor communication. An implementation of the resulting algorithm is up to 2.5 times faster than conventional algorithms. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
HandJive: a device for interpersonal haptic entertainment

The paper describes how we designed and prototyped HandJive, a haptic device for interpersonal entertainment. Handlive is notable because it relies entirely on haptic input and output. The design process included typical steps such as analyzing user needs and performing iterative prototyping 2nd testing. However, developing a haptic interface like HandJive also presented special challenges, such as creating rapid physical prototypes that could withstand abuse, developing a preliminary system of haptic interaction, and testing haptic interfaces through low-tech prototypes.
Perspectives of EMAT Thickness Gauging: Operational Procedures, Benchmarking and Standardization Issues

A test program was carried to assess the performance of "no contact" EMAT probes in thickness evaluation of aged waterwall, super-heater and re-heater tubes. While PZT probes require a point is ground flat before testing, EMAT probes tolerate scale and thick oxide grown due to high temperatures. In addition the aged oxided surface improves the EMAT sensitivity allowing higher echoes and easier thickness evaluation. Procedures to evaluate residual wall thickness were assessed in lab tests. Measures were taken on aged tube samples with nominal thickness 3.5-5 mm. EMAT data were found quite in agreement (±0.2 mm) to destructive data. More measures were taken on calibration specimen machined from oxidised tubes to test and compare different wall conditions. The results suggest the industrial exploitation of EMAT thickness testing shall benefit from a deeper understanding on the EMAT probe interaction with clean and oxidised tubes, standardized procedures, and from more efficient pulse/receive units. Conventional UT instruments and EMAT probes can test aged tubes with oxide and scale, but are ineffective on new clean surfaces. Portable flexible test units shall thus be designed to work on both new and aged tubes. Such steps would support the exploitation of EMATs for in-service thickness testing of boiler tubes without oxide removal. It is envisaged that manual and even automated thickness test procedure could be eventually set, based on present UT thickness gauging methods, possibly updating the current UT thickness gauging standard or issuing a dedicated one.
Lattice Boltzmann Method for Steady Gas Flows in Microchannels With Imposed Slip Wall Boundary Condition

In this paper, we use a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for simulation of rarefied gas flows in microchannels at the slip flow regime. LBM uses D2Q9 lattice structure and BGK collision operator with single relaxation time. The solid wall boundary conditions used in this paper are based on the idea of bounceback of the non-equilibrium part of particle distribution in the normal direction to the boundary. The same idea is implemented at inlet and exit boundaries as well as at the wall surfaces. The distribution functions at the solid nodes are modified according to imposed density and slip velocity values at the wall boundaries. Simulation results are presented for microscale Couette and Poiseuille flows. The results are validated against analytical and/or experimental data for the slip velocity, nonlinear pressure drop and mass flow rate at various flow conditions. It was observed that the current application of LBM can accurately recover the physics of microscale flow phenomena in microchannels. The type of boundary treatment used in this study enables the implementation of coupled simulations where the flow properties at the regions near the wall can be obtained by other numerical methods such as the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method (DSMC). © 2007 ASME
Goal-Oriented Performance Evaluation Methodology for Page Segmentation Techniques

Document image segmentation is a fundamental step in the document image analysis pipeline as it affects the accuracy of subsequent processing steps. An objective and realistic evaluation of page segmentation techniques is crucial for a quantitative comparison among them. In this paper, a goal-oriented performance evaluation methodology that calculates a comprehensive evaluation measure SR (Success Rate) is presented. SR measure reflects the entire performance of a page segmentation technique in a concise quantitative manner. It is a pixel-based approach which avoids the dependence on a strictly defined ground-truth. The proposed evaluation measure SR deals only with text regions and is correlated with the percentage of the text information in which the subsequent processing (e.g. text line segmentation and recognition) can be applied successfully.
Longitudinal Optical Imaging Study for Locomotor Recovery After Stroke

Background and Purpose— We sought to investigate cerebral mechanisms underlying locomotor recovery after stroke. Methods— We measured cortical activities during hemiparetic gait on the treadmill before and after 2 months of inpatient rehabilitation in 8 patients with initial stroke (5 men, 3 women; 4 with right and 4 with left hemiparesis; aged 57 years; 3 months after stroke on average), using an optical imaging system. Results— On the initial evaluation, hemiparetic gait was associated with increased oxygenated hemoglobin levels in the medial primary sensorimotor cortex (SMC) that were greater in the unaffected hemisphere than in the affected hemisphere as well as in the premotor cortex (PMC) and supplementary motor area. On the second examination, the asymmetry in SMC activation significantly improved, and there was enhanced PMC activation in the affected hemisphere. Improvement of the asymmetrical SMC activation significantly correlated with improvement of gait parameters. Conclusions— Locomotor recovery after stroke may be associated with improvement of asymmetry in SMC activation and enhanced PMC activation in the affected hemisphere.