Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HEDONIC COALITIONS: OPTIMALITY AND STABILITY

In many economic situations, individuals carry out activities as coalitions, and have personal preferences for belonging to specific groups (coalitions). These situations are studied in the framework of cooperative games with coalition structures, by defining for each player a utility function with two arguments, namely his consumption bundle and the coalition to which (s)he belongs. The optimality analysis brings out a surprising property of the games with hedonic coalitions, namely that transfers among coalitions may be necessary to attain Pareto optimality. Moreover, quite restrictive assumptions are needed to rule out this property. The stability analysis is concerned with the conditions under which no individual has incentives and opportunities to change coalitions. Two concepts of "individual stability" of a coalition structure are introduced, and their existence properties are analyzed. 1.1 Summary IN MANY ECONOMIC SITUATIONS, individuals carry out activities as coalitions. Thus, individuals organize themselves in firms for production purposes and in clubs for consumption purposes; or they rely upon local communities for the provision of public goods. In such situations, individuals typically have personal preferences for belonging to specific groups (coalitions). First, they are concerned with the size of the group and personalities of its members. Second, they are concerned with qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the group activities: Working conditions in the firms, facilities available at the clubs, local public goods. Cooperative games with coalition structures provide a natural framework for a formal analysis of these situations, when the individuals partition themselves into coalitions. A general way of introducing explicitly personal preferences for membership in specific coalitions is to define for each player a utility function with two arguments, namely his consumption bundle and the coalition to which he belongs. It then seems natural to speak about games with "hedonic coalitions. " A model of an economy, or cooperative game, with hedonic coalitions is introduced in Section 1.2. The agents organize themselves in coalitions which form a partition (i.e., each agent belongs to one and only one coalition). Each coalition, endowed with a production set, produces public and private goods. Each agent consumes the public goods produced by the coalition to which he belongs, and private goods. His preferences are represented by a utility function which is strictly increasing in private goods and continuous in private as well as public goods, but which depends upon the coalition in an arbitrary way. Our initial interest was to study the stability of coalitions in this model. Section 3 is devoted to that topic. However, in the course of our study, we encountered an
Multitype Network-Guided Target Controllability in Phenotypically Characterized Osteosarcoma: Role of Tumor Microenvironment

This study highlights the relevance of network-guided controllability analysis as a precision oncology tool. Target controllability through networks is potentially relevant to cancer research for the identification of therapeutic targets. With reference to a recent study on multiple phenotypes from 22 osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines characterized both in vitro and in vivo, we found that a variety of critical proteins in OS regulation circuits were in part phenotype specific and in part shared. To generalize our inference approach and match cancer phenotypic heterogeneity, we employed multitype networks and identified targets in correspondence with protein sub-complexes. Therefore, we established the relevance for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes of inspecting interactive targets, namely those enriched by significant connectivity patterns in protein sub-complexes. Emerging targets appeared with reference to the OS microenvironment, and relatively to small leucine-rich proteoglycan members and D-type cyclins, among other collagen, laminin, and keratin proteins. These described were evidences shared across all phenotypes; instead, specific evidences were provided by critical proteins including IGFBP7 and PDGFRA in the invasive phenotype, and FGFR3 and THBS1 in the colony forming phenotype.
Theoretical properties of the global optimizer of two layer neural network

In this paper, we study the problem of optimizing a two-layer artificial neural network that best fits a training dataset. We look at this problem in the setting where the number of parameters is greater than the number of sampled points. We show that for a wide class of differentiable activation functions (this class involves most nonlinear functions and excludes piecewise linear functions), we have that arbitrary first-order optimal solutions satisfy global optimality provided the hidden layer is non-singular. We essentially show that these non-singular hidden layer matrix satisfy a ``"good" property for these big class of activation functions. Techniques involved in proving this result inspire us to look at a new algorithmic, where in between two gradient step of hidden layer, we add a stochastic gradient descent (SGD) step of the output layer. In this new algorithmic framework, we extend our earlier result and show that for all finite iterations the hidden layer satisfies the``good" property mentioned earlier therefore partially explaining success of noisy gradient methods and addressing the issue of data independency of our earlier result. Both of these results are easily extended to hidden layers given by a flat matrix from that of a square matrix. Results are applicable even if network has more than one hidden layer provided all inner hidden layers are arbitrary, satisfy non-singularity, all activations are from the given class of differentiable functions and optimization is only with respect to the outermost hidden layer. Separately, we also study the smoothness properties of the objective function and show that it is actually Lipschitz smooth, i.e., its gradients do not change sharply. We use smoothness properties to guarantee asymptotic convergence of $O(1/\text{number of iterations})$ to a first-order optimal solution.
Diagnosis and classification of psychopathology: challenges to the current system and future directions.

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 122 PURPOSES OF A DIAGNOSTIC TAXONOMy 122 Clinical Utility . 122 Research Facilitation 123 Scientific Understanding 123 DEV ELOPMENT OF DSM-IV 124 Descriptive Approach and the Structure ofDSM-IV 124 Process 125 DATA THAT CHALLENGE CATEGORICAL MODELS OF PSyCHOPATHOLOGy. 126 Comorbidity 126 Heterogeneity 132 Organization Problems in DSM-IV 138 IMPLICATIONS FOR CHANGE IN THE TAXONOMy 141 Implications of Comorbidity . 141 Implications of Heterogeneity 142 Implications of Problems in Organization 142 RECONSIDERATION OF THE CLASSIFICATION SySTEM 144 Alternatives to a Phenomenological, Descriptive Approach 144 CONCLUDING REMARKS 147
Futures Expiration, Contract Switching, and Price Discovery

“Futures markets have the interesting feature that contracts mature regularly. This affects both hedgers, who regularly need to roll over their futures positions into later contract months, and researchers, who want to understand the linkage between futures and the underlying cash markets. In this article, Chatrath and Christie-David take a very close look at five commodity futures markets and develop interesting results on how prices and volume behave as the nearest contract reaches maturity and trading rolls over into the next one. ”
The Fort Bragg continuum of care for children and adolescents: mental health outcomes over 5 years.

Controversial early results of the Fort Bragg mental-health-effectiveness study indicated that the continuum of care did not produce better outcomes (i.e., children's rate of improvement was the same in both the demonstration and comparison sites). The present study considered outcomes at 5-year follow-up to examine long-term effects from the continuum of care. A random regression longitudinal model analyzed 10 key outcome variables measured 7 times. Long-term outcomes in continuum-treated children were no better than those of comparison children; results are consistent with those of earlier studies.
Power allocation and control for the downlink in cellular CDMA networks

The issue of power control (PC) in the downlink of a cellular CDMA network is studied. Two approaches are discernible. The first uses the base-to-mobile-distance in order to allocate transmitted powers while the other is based on closed-loop control. The best achievable performance of a PC is evaluated for the downlink of a CDMA network. This paper then studies an almost optimal downlink power control. Numerical examples are presented in order to discuss the downlink PC performance.
Development of an Electrohydrodynamic conduction micropump using PCB/LCP MEMS technology

This paper presents the development of an electrohydrodynamic conduction micropump using Printed circuit board/liquid crystal polymer MEMS technology. One of the most important parameter for designing this kind of pump is the level of applied voltage. In the last investigations, the distance between high voltage electrode and ground electrode was fixed in few millimeters. In this work, the distance between two electrodes is fixed in few micrometers. Decreasing the gap between electrodes results in low level of starting voltage from thousands volts to approximately 300 volts. The conduction micropump generates over 100 Pa with 18 mW power consumption. Producing this level of pressure head with low level of power consumption seems to be promising for cooling purpose in microgravity conditions.
Clinicians’ views on learning in brain injury rehabilitation

Abstract Primary objective: To determine clinicians’ views on learning ability in brain injury rehabilitation. Research design: Online survey. Methods and procedures: An online survey was sent to physicians, psychologists and therapists of three Dutch organizations for neuropsychology or rehabilitation. The survey enquired (1) whether clinicians take learning ability into account; (2) about factors influencing learning ability; and (3) about assessment tools used to assess learning ability. Main outcomes and results: Thirty-seven physicians, 83 psychologists and 43 therapists completed the online survey. In total, 93% of respondents reported that they take learning ability into account when making a prognosis. The most frequently mentioned factors influencing learning ability were cognition, awareness of deficits and motivation. Learning ability was mainly determined by means of cognitive and memory tests and observations during therapy. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a patient’s learning ability may be influenced by not only cognition but also by motivation and awareness of deficits. Structured and standardized assessment of these factors may be suggested for standard use in clinical practice. More research is needed about the influence these factors have on the learning process.
Ketahanan Pangan: Situasi, Permasalahan, Kebijakan, Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

The problem of food security is availability, distribution, and consumption. The problem of availability is limited and decreasing production capacity; the distribution’s problems are infrastructure, institution, safety link of distribution’s and the variation production capacity between region and season. The problem of consumption is most of energy consumption are grain and rice biased. The policy of food security not only to create the food sufficiency with development economic with rural and agriculture are the basis, but also the sufficiency of food for poor society. In order to create food reserve of society, lumbung desa is important to be improved.
BACK FROM THE BRINK: YEAR THREE OF THE CRISIS

With 'green shoots' giving way to more definite signs of recovery in the global economy - most leading nations have already emerged from recession, with the UK being the latest – and with the global financial system back on an even keel (stock markets around the globe have recovered most of the ground lost after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in the Autumn of 2008 and credit markets have thawed out to a degree following the stabilisation of house prices in the West) now is perhaps a good time to bring to a close my survey of the sub-prime-induced credit crunch and the damage it wrought around the World. Internationally-co-ordinated action on the fiscal, monetary and financial fronts and a determination to resist protectionist tendencies appear to have successfully pulled back the World economy from the brink of depression and the financial system from near collapse. Of course, the real recovery is likely to be weak and protracted and unemployment, as a lagging indicator, is likely to continue its remorseless rise, albeit at a slower pace, for some time yet in most parts of the globe, but the worst does seem to be behind us. Wary of damaging the nascent recovery, policymakers are still developing their "exit strategies" – from extraordinary fiscal and monetary stimuli and state intervention in the financial system – rather than implementing them, with much discussion being devoted to how to reform financial regulation with a view to preventing a recurrence of a similar-style systemic collapse. These and other policy issues thus necessarily appear prominently in the analysis below. For now, without being complacent, our political masters can congratulate themselves for having spared their citizens from an even worse maelstrom, but much remains to be done if history is not to repeat itself and taxpayers are to be shielded from the consequences of financial "excess" in the future.
Geographical epidemiology, spatial analysis and geographical information systems: a multidisciplinary glossary

We provide a relatively non-technical glossary of terms and a description of the tools used in spatial or geographical epidemiology and associated geographical information systems. Statistical topics included cover adjustment and standardisation to allow for demographic and other background differences, data structures, data smoothing, spatial autocorrelation and spatial regression. We also discuss the rationale for geographical epidemiology and specific techniques such as disease clustering, disease mapping, ecological analyses, geographical information systems and global positioning systems.
Product innovation through management of collaborative design in concurrent engineering

The control of engineering design processes is a complex problem that takes place within conflicting contexts combining technical, economical and social aspects. This paper presents the results of a research work dealing with the development of new methods and tools for the control of manufactured product design. First of all, we propose here a state of the art of the different design methods and models. We discuss of these approaches by showing their limits for the control of design co-ordination and collaboration and especially when sociotechnical aspects of the design process are studied. Then a design control model and a collaboration taxonomy are presented to support the decision-making process of the project manager during the co-ordination of a design project. These tools are the result of different empirical studies we did in different industrial companies. We highlight how these tools can be used during project routine-based operations and during innovative ones.
Rule-Based and Lightly Supervised Methods to Predict Emotions in Suicide Notes

This paper describes the Duluth systems that participated in the Sentiment Analysis track of the i2b2/VA/Cincinnati Children's 2011 Challenge. The top Duluth system was a rule-based approach derived through manual corpus analysis and the use of measures of association to identify significant ngrams. This performed in the median range of systems, attaining an F-measure of 0.45. The second system was automatically derived from the most frequent bigrams unique to one or two emotions. It achieved an F-measure of 0.36. The third system was the union of the first two, and reached an F-measure of 0.44.
Regulatory competition as a social fact: Constructing and contesting the threat of hedge fund managers’ relocation from Britain

ABSTRACT Concerns about national competitiveness can undermine the prospects of enhanced financial regulation, as the threat of industry relocation makes states less willing to tighten rules. This logic seems applicable in the case of the European Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive: in fear of managers relocating, the UK, which hosts almost the entire European alternative investment sector, successfully advocated a watering down of the proposed requirements. This paper, however, questions the origins of the – seemingly natural – British negotiation position. The empirical record confirms that the relocation threat is not a necessary fact imposed by a global logic of market forces, but a scenario constructed and contested both by the regulator and firms. The scale and imminence of the threat posed to the UK's competitiveness depends on the use and function of competing narratives about hedge fund managers’ relocation and these narratives inform the behaviour of both hedge fund managers and their regulator. The British authorities hence not only influence the degree of regulatory competition through acts of liberalisation, but also through their influence on dominant narratives. This means that regulatory competition is a social, not a brute fact, and that the associated power relationship between state and market actors is discursively produced.
Pseudogene-derived small interference RNAs regulate gene expression in African Trypanosoma brucei

Pseudogenes have been shown to acquire unique regulatory roles from more and more organisms. We report the observation of a cluster of siRNAs derived from pseudogenes of African Trypanosoma brucei using high through-put analysis. We show that these pseudogene-derived siRNAs suppress gene expression through RNA interference. The discovery that siRNAs may originate from pseudogenes and regulate gene expression in a unicellular eukaryote provides insights into the functional roles of pseudogenes and into the origin of noncoding small RNAs.
Determinants of Unemployment Duration Among Youth in Mauritius

This study was conducted with the objective of creating a deeper understanding on duration of youth unemployment in Mauritius by taking a sample of 500 unemployed youths from all the nine districts of the Island. The multinomial logistic is used to determine factors affecting the spell of youth unemployment. It was found that variables such as gender, single youth, education, location and prior experience have significant impact on the spell of unemployed youths. Female youths are more prone to stay a longer period of time away from the labour market. Single young individuals appear to be in short term unemployment compared to married young individuals. In addition, in both medium and long term, those with secondary, tertiary, vocational and professional qualification do not stay out of the labour market for long. Overall this project has proved very informative and interesting.
AN INDIVIDUAL TRAVEL-COST METHOD OF EVALUATING FOREST RECREATION

Consumer surplus for outdoor recreation has traditionally been estimated by a Clawson‐Knetsch travel‐cost method. This paper presents zonal consumer‐surplus estimates for visitors to a number of forests and compares these estimates to those derived from individual visitor observations. Both travel‐cost procedures are used to assess the magnitude of recreational benefits and are found to produce widely different consumer‐surplus estimates. This raises questions about research methodology and has implications for the value of recreation associated with forestry and its contribution to the rate of return on forest investment.
The management of strategic exchange risk: evidence from corporate practices

Abstract Using a qualitative research methodology, this paper examines the responses of multinational companies (MNCs), their organisational structures, systems and managers to strategic exchange rate risk, a risk resulting from long-term movements in exchange rates. While strategic exchange risk has been categorised as the most important form of exchange rate risk in the academic literature, there appears to be a paucity of examples of the risk actually being managed in practice. This paper seeks to address this inconsistency. Findings from case study research suggest that contrary to results of prior research, companies do attempt to manage the risk, often aligning various organisational factors such as staff and systems to optimise the risk management process. The management of exchange rate risk as a whole appears to have been an evolutionary process with companies progressing gradually from the management of translation risk in the 1970s to that of transaction risk in the 1980s, and more recently to strategic exchange rate risk management.
A plasmid-encoded prepilin peptidase gene from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, a leading agent of infantile diarrhea worldwide, adheres to tissue culture cells in a pattern called "localized adherence. " Localized adherence is associated with bundle-forming pili encoded by the plasmid bfpA gene, the product of which is homologous with the major structural subunit proteins of type IV fimbriae in other bacteria. Several of these proteins have been shown to be processed from a precursor by a specific prepilin peptidase. We cloned restriction fragments downstream of the bfpA gene into an E. coli-Pseudomonas aeruginosa shuttle vector and mobilized them into a P. aeruginosa prepilin peptidase (pilD) mutant. A plasmid containing a 1.3-kb PstI-BamHI fragment was able to complement the pilD mutation, as demonstrated by restoration of sensitivity to the pilus-specific bacteriophage PO4. The DNA sequence of this fragment revealed an open reading frame, designated bfpP, the predicted product of which is homologous to other prepilin peptidases, including TcpJ of Vibrio cholerae (30% identical amino acids), PulO of Klebsiella oxytoca (29%), and PilD of P. aeruginosa (28%). A bfpA::TnphoA mutant complemented with a bfpA-containing DNA fragment only partially processes the BfpA protein. When complemented with a larger fragment containing bfpP as well as bfpA, the mutant expresses the fully processed BfpA protein. P. aeruginosa PAK, but not a pilD mutant of PAK, expresses mature BfpA protein when the bfpA gene is mobilized into this strain. Thus, as in other type IV fimbria systems, enteropathogenic E. coli utilizes a specific prepilin peptidase to process the major subunit of the bundle-forming pilus. This prepilin petidase contains sequence and reciprocal functional homologies with the PilD protein of P. aeruginosa.
The Impact of Collective-Bargaining Legislation on Disputes in the U. S. Public Sector: No Legislation May Be the Worst Legislation

This article estimates the impact of collective-bargaining legislation on disputes during labor negotiations in the U.S. public sector. We use a large national sample of U.S. state and local government contracts to compare the incidence and intensity of disputes by similar workers under different forms of collective-bargaining legislation. The breadth of our data allows us to examine the impact of five different forms of legislation. Our principal finding is that dispute costs are highest in jurisdictions that provide no explicit framework for bargaining or dispute resolution. Strikes are as frequent and as long when they are illegal and employers are not required to bargain with employees as when they are legal but employers are required to bargain. Arbitration is most frequently used when formal institutions for arbitration have been provided.