Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Herpes Viruses, Cytokines, and Altered Hemostasis in Vital Exhaustion

Objective Infections with herpes viruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We tested the hypothesis that vital exhaustion (VE) is associated with multiple herpesvirus infections, such as herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus, and with an increase in pathogen burden (ie, the aggregated seropositivity to immunoglobulin G antibodies for herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus). In addition, we examined the association of VE and pathogen burden with measures of hemostasis and inflammation. Methods Blood samples were drawn from 29 men with VE and 30 male control subjects, all healthy and nonsmokers, to assess serological evidence of infection and measures of hemostasis and inflammation. Results VE is associated with a relatively high pathogen burden, altered hemostasis, and higher levels of cytokines, such as interleukin-6. Across all subjects, a relatively high pathogen burden was also associated with altered hemostasis but not with increased cytokine levels. The interaction of VE with pathogen burden revealed significant linear increases in measures of hemostasis and inflammation. Finally, immunoglobulin G antibody titer levels of individual herpesvirus infections were not associated with hemostatic measures or with cytokines. Conclusions We conclude that stress-related alterations in hemostasis and inflammation are not necessarily linked to one particular herpesvirus infection but rather to an increase in aggregated seropositivity to herpesvirus infections.
Improved Burst Based Real-Time Event Detection Using Location Dependent Corpora

This paper describes an approach to detect automatically events in real-time by analyzing big data streams coming from a social network. The social network Twitter will be used for experiments because of its easy to use API and messages having positioning data. The described event detection algorithm is a burst-based event detection methods extended by a dynamically adapted reference corpus. The usage of location dependent corpora allows also detecting the location of the found events.
Using virtual worlds for collaborative business process modeling

Purpose – Process modeling is a complex organizational task that requires many iterations and communication between the business analysts and the domain specialists. The challenge of process modeling is exacerbated, when the process of modeling has to be performed in a cross‐organizational, distributed environment. This paper aims to suggest a three‐dimensional (3D) environment for collaborative process modeling, using virtual world technology.Design/methodology/approach – The paper suggests a new collaborative process modeling approach based on virtual world technology. It describes the design of an innovative prototype collaborative process modeling approach, implemented as a 3D Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) modeling environment in Second Life. We use a case study to evaluate the suggested approach.Findings – Based on a case study application, the paper shows that our approach increases user empowerment and adds significantly to the collaboration and consensual development of process models .
Chaotic convective behavior and stability analysis of a fractional viscoelastic fluids model in porous media

In this paper, a dynamical fractional viscoelastic fluids convection model in porous media is proposed and its chaotic behavior is studied. A preformed equilibrium points analysis indicates the conditions where chaotic dynamics can be observed, and show the existence of chaos. The behavior and stability analysis of the integer-order and the fractional commensurate and non-commensurate orders of a fractional viscoelastic fluids system, which exhibits chaos, are presented as well.
Mining web navigation patterns with dynamic thresholds for navigation prediction

Discovering web navigation patterns is an important issue in web usage mining with various applications like navigation prediction and improvement of website management. Since web site structure is always changed, we need not only consider the frequency of click behavior but also web site structure to mine web navigation patterns for navigation prediction. To reduce the overhead of dynamically mining the web navigation patterns from the web data, a dynamic mining approach is needed by using the previous mining results and computing new patterns just from the inserted or deleted part of the web data. In this paper, we propose a special data structure named Ideal-Tree (lnverted-database Expectable Tree) to avoid the effort of scanning database. Meanwhile, an efficient mining algorithm named Ideal-Tree-Miner is proposed for mining web navigation patterns with dynamic thresholds. Based on the discovered patterns, we also give a navigation prediction model. The experimental results show that our prediction model outperforms other approaches substantially in terms of Precision, Recall, and F-measure.
Interrogating urban crisis: Cities in the governance and contestation of austerity

The meaning of ‘urban crisis’, and its applications in concrete struggles to govern and contest austerity urbanism, remains under-specified analytically and poorly understood empirically. This paper addresses the lacuna by opening up the concept of urban crisis to critical scrutiny. It begins by exploring how urban ‘crisis-talk’ tends to over-extend the concept in ways that can render it shallow or meaningless. The paper looks, second, at different applications of the terminology of ‘crisis’, disclosing key framings and problematics. In the spirit of critical urban studies, it focuses, third, on practices of crisis-resistance and crisis-making. The paper concludes by summarising the six urban crisis framings linked to six urban problematics, in order to inform future studies of austerity urbanism and assist in developing more reflexive approaches to the concept.
Sources of Growth

textabstractThe purpose of this paper is to suggest that a fundamental shift in Europe, along with the other OECD countries, is taking place. This shift is from the managed economy to the entrepreneurial economy. While politicians and policy makers have made a plea for guidance in the era of entrepreneurship, scholars have been slow to respond. The purpose of this paper is to make a first step identifying and articulating these differences. We do this by contrasting the most fundamental elements of the newly emerging entrepreneurial economy with those of the managed economy. We identify fifteen trade-offs confronting these two polar worlds. The common thread throughout these trade-offs is the increased role of new and small enterprises in the entrepreneurial economy. A particular emphasis is placed on changes in economic policy demanded by the entrepreneurial economy vis-a-vis the managed economy. We then explore whether restructuring towards the entrepreneurial economy has been conducive to economic growth and job creation. Our empirical analysis links the stage of the transition towards an entrepreneurial economy to the growth rates of European countries over a recent period. We find that those countries which have introduced a greater element of entrepreneurship have been rewarded with additional growth.
Characterization of a first-pass gradient-echo spin-echo method to predict brain tumor grade and angiogenesis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE No widespread clinical method provides specific information about the angiogenic characteristics of gliomas. We characterized blood volume and vascular morphologic parameters from combined gradient-echo (GE) and spin-echo (SE) MR imaging and assessed their relationship to tumor grade, a known correlate of glioma angiogenesis. METHODS Simultaneous GE and SE echo-planar imaging was performed with bolus gadolinium administration (0.20-0.25 mmol/kg) in 73 patients with glioma. To diminish possible T1 changes due to contrast agent extravasation, a preload (0.05-0.10 mmol/kg) was administered before the study, and a postprocessing correction algorithm was applied. Image maps of total (GE) and microvascular (SE) relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and the mean vessel diameter (mVD) calculated from the ratio of GE and SE relaxation rate changes (DeltaR2*/DeltaR2) were compared with tumor grade. A nonparametric K nearest-neighbor decision rule was applied to determine if the combined data could be used to distinguish low-grade (I-II) from high-grade (III-IV) tumors on a per-patient basis. RESULTS For whole tumors, significant correlations were found between GE rCBV and grade (P < .0001) and between mVD and grade (P = .0001) but not between SE rCBV and grade (P = .08). For areas of highest SE rCBV (microvascular hotspots), SE rCBV and tumor grade were significantly correlated (P = .0007). In terms of differentiation, 69% of low-grade tumors and 96% of high-grade tumors were correctly classified. CONCLUSION Combined GE and SE MR imaging provides information consistent with neoplastic angiogenesis, demonstrating its potential to aid in optimizing treatments, categorizing lesions, and influencing patient care.
DP RIETI Discussion Paper Series 07-E-013 Collateral Constraint and News-driven Cycles

The boom-bust cycles such as the episode of the ``Internet bubble'' in the late 1990s may be described as the business cycle driven by changes in expectations or news about the future. We show that such news-driven cycles can be reproduced by models with collateral constraint. We assume that an asset with fixed supply (``land'') is used as collateral, and firms need to hold collateral to finance their input costs. The latter feature introduces an interaction between the inefficiencies in the financial market and in the factor market. The good news raises the price of land today, which relaxes the collateral constraint. It, in turn, reduces the inefficiency in the labor market. If this force is sufficiently strong, the equilibrium labor supply increases. So do output, investment and consumption. With augmented by adjustment cost of investment, our model also generates procyclical movement in Tobin's Q. We also show that when the news turns out to be wrong, the economy may fall into a recession, instead of simply jumping back to the initial steady state. This is because, when the good news arrives, borrowers sell their land, since they need less land to achieve the desired value of collateral. When the news turns out to be wrong, the land price goes back to its steady state level, and hence the total value of collateral becomes lower than the steady state level. It follows that the financial constraint becomes tighter, which increases the labor market inefficiency, and reduces labor, output, and consumption.
Stability Analysis of Recurrent Neural Networks with Random Delay and Markovian Switching

In this paper, the exponential stability analysis problem is considered for a class of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with random delay and Markovian switching. The evolution of the delay is modeled by a continuous-time homogeneous Markov process with a finite number of states. The main purpose of this paper is to establish easily verifiable conditions under which the random delayed recurrent neural network with Markovian switching is exponentially stable. The analysis is based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and stochastic analysis approach, and the conditions are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which can be readily checked by using some standard numerical packages such as the Matlab LMI Toolbox. A numerical example is exploited to show the usefulness of the derived LMI-based stability conditions.
Homology Detection Based on Abstract Syntax Tree Combined Simple Semantics Analysis

Nowadays, the research of software homology detection is more and more important in the flourishing software market. Most of the existing detection tools are based on text structure but ignore the syntax framework structure of program codes. A few tools based on syntax structure do not consider detection on semantics level, which can be avoided by some plagiarism. The comparison system put forward in this paper combines comparison methods based on abstract syntax tree and simple semantics, such that being able to detect the homology software more accurately and comprehensively. It not only analyses the syntax structure of program codes, but also researches some simple semantics changes to achieve detection on both syntax and semantics level. Based on these, a homology detection system Code Compare is developed. Compared with other detection tools, Code Compare is capable of recognizing more code plagiarism types, thus can detect homology software more effectively.
The disappearance of Lake Chad : history of a myth

The article explores the hydropolitics of Lake Chad. Scientific and popular views on the fate of Lake Chad differ widely. The supposed 'disappearance' of the Lake through water abstraction and climate change is a popular myth that endures because it serves a large set of heterogeneous interests, including those supporting inter-basin water transfers. Meanwhile scientific investigations show substantial and continuing Lake level fluctuations over time, and do not support its projected disappearance. The task is to understand how the myth of the disappearing Lake has been engendered and used, by studying the discourses and the strategies of the main stakeholders involved. The Lake has been protected so far from massive water abstraction, and inter-basin transfer projects, due to the fragmentation of its political management, new security threats, and the piecemeal nature of the interests in play. Key words: Lake Chad; environmental myths; hydropolitics; political ecology; inter-basin transfers
Approximation and collusion in multicast cost sharing (extended abstract)

Despite their prominent role in some of the more appliedareasofcomputerscience, incentiveshaverarelybeenanim-portant consideration in traditional algorithm design where,typically, users are assumed either to be cooperative (i.e., tofollow the prescribed algorithm) or to be adversaries who“play against” each other. In contrast, the selﬁsh users ingame theory are neither cooperative nor adversarial. Al-though one cannot assume that selﬁsh users will follow theprescribed algorithm, one can assume that they will respondto incentives. Thus, one need not design algorithms thatachieve correct results in the face of byzantine behavior onthe part of some users, but one does need algorithms thatwork correctly in the presence of predictably selﬁsh behav-ior. This type of “correctness” is a primary goal of economicmechanism design, but standard notions of algorithmic eﬃ-ciency are not.In short, the economics literature traditionally stressedincentives and downplayed computational complexity, andthe theoretical computer science literature traditionally didthe opposite. The emergence of the Internet as a standardplatform for distributed computation has changed this stateof aﬀairs. In particular, the work of Nisan and Ronen [4]inspired the design of algorithms for a range of problems,including scheduling, load balancing, shortest paths, andcombinatorialauctions, thatsatisfyboththetraditionaleco-nomic deﬁnitions of incentive compatibility and the tradi-∗The full paper has been submitted for journal publicationand is available in preprint form [1]. †Supported in part by ONR grants N00014-01-1-0795 andN00014-01-1-0447 and NSF grant CCR-0105337. ‡Supported in part by NSF Career grant CCR-9985304. §Supported in part by NSF Career grant CCR-9702980 andONR grant N00014-01-1-0795. ¶Supported in part by NSF grant ANI-9730162.
Resistance and resilience of floating mat fens in interior Alaska following Airboat disturbance

The floating mat fens of the Tanana Flats in interior Alaska are productive wetlands near the urban center of Fairbanks. Airboat traffic has created a network of trails through the floating vegetation mats. We established protected areas along established trails, which allowed for measurement of plant community resistance to airboat traffic and resilience following cessation of traffic. The fen plant community was resistant to airboat traffic for two growing seasons, but productivity declined dramatically by the third year. Woody plants, grasses, and most forbs were eliminated in new airboat trails. Aboveground biomass and species diversity in plots protected from airboat traffic re-grew to undisturbed levels after four years. However, woody plants and many forbs did not re-grow in protected areas. Fen vegetation was therefore not resilient following cessation of traffic, as re-grown communities differed in both plant community composition and canopy structure. The loss of woody vegetation in particular has ramifications for possible alterations of ecosystem function. Airboats also reduced the amount of live belowground biomass and changed the vertical distribution of live roots.
Fracture Patterns for Non-Photorealistic Image Rendering

We describe a method for non-photorealistic, “artistic” rendering of images that uses lines to depict fracture (or crack) patterns based on image features. The method starts by sampling the image with a set of points that is good for stippling. These points are then used as vertices of a minimum spanning tree which guides the crack propagation in image space. Surface crack patterns occur on a variety of materials, including glass, mud, and ceramic glaze. The generation of realistic crack patterns on the surface of 3D objects can be done with physically based methods [3, 4]. In this work, we follow a non-photorealistic approach for artistic rendering of images with crack patterns that are generated based on image features.
After Liberal Hegemony: The Advent of a Multiplex World Order*

While the West woke up to the threat to the liberal international order when Donald Trump was elected U.S. president, its decline was apparent even at the height of the Obama-Clinton era. What follows the end of the U.S.-dominated world order is not a return to multipolarity as many pundits assume. The twenty-first-century world—politically and culturally diverse but economically and institutionally interlinked—is vastly different from the multipolar world that existed prior to World War II. China and India are major powers now; and globalization will not end, but will take on a new form, driven more by the East than the West and more by South-South linkages than North-North ones. The system of global governance will fragment, with new actors and institutions chipping away at the old UN-based system. Liberal values and institutions will not disappear, but will have to coexist and enmesh with the ideas and institutions of others, especially those initiated by China. This “multiplex world” carries both risks and opportunities for managing international stability. Instead of bemoaning the passing of the old liberal order, the West should accept the new realities and search for new ways to ensure peace and stability in partnership with the rising powers.
P-wave Cooper pair splitting

Background: Splitting of Cooper pairs has recently been realized experimentally for s-wave Cooper pairs. A split Cooper pair represents an entangled two-electron pair state, which has possible application in on-chip quantum computation. Likewise the spin-activity of interfaces in nanoscale tunnel junctions has been investigated theoretically and experimentally in recent years. However, the possible implications of spin-active interfaces in Cooper pair splitters so far have not been investigated. Results: We analyze the current and the cross correlation of currents in a superconductor–ferromagnet beam splitter, including spin-active scattering. Using the Hamiltonian formalism, we calculate the cumulant-generating function of charge transfer. As a first step, we discuss characteristics of the conductance for crossed Andreev reflection in superconductor–ferromagnet beam splitters with s-wave and p-wave superconductors and no spin-active scattering. In a second step, we consider spin-active scattering and show how to realize p-wave splitting using only an s-wave superconductor, through the process of spin-flipped crossed Andreev reflection. We present results for the conductance and cross correlations. Conclusion: Spin-activity of interfaces in Cooper pair splitters allows for new features in ordinary s-wave Cooper pair splitters, that can otherwise only be realized by using p-wave superconductors. In particular, it provides access to Bell states that are different from the typical spin singlet state.
The human salivary RNA transcriptome revealed by massively parallel sequencing.

BACKGROUND Evaluation of the salivary transcriptome is an emerging diagnostic technology with discriminatory power for disease detection. This study explored massively parallel sequencing for providing nucleotide-level sequence information for each RNA in saliva. METHODS Transcriptome profiling with the SOLiD™ system was applied to RNA isolated from unstimulated cell-free saliva (CFS) and whole saliva (WS) from healthy human volunteers. Sequenced reads were aligned to human genome build 18 and the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD). RESULTS Massively parallel sequencing enabled the acquisition of complete sequence information for each nucleotide position of the human salivary transcriptome through alignment to multiple sequence databases. Approximately 20%-25% of the sequenced reads from CFS aligned to the human genome, and approximately 30% of the sequenced reads aligned to the HOMD. We detected the expression of >4000 coding and noncoding genes in CFS and WS. Gene expression at different genome loci showed that the structural integrity of the transcripts for the annotated genes was preserved in saliva. CONCLUSIONS A single measurement provided RNA sequence information of gene transcript abundance for both coding and noncoding RNAs and identified sequences from >400 different microbial species within a single sample. Contrary to previous data suggesting that salivary RNA is highly fragmented, in our study the structural integrity of RNA was preserved. The high degree of sequence alignment to annotated exons and introns for each of the respective reference genomes, with sequence coverage spanning the full length of the genes, provides strong evidence that the salivary transcriptome is a complex RNA network.
Adult Murine Skeletal Muscle Contains Cells That Can Differentiate into Beating Cardiomyocytes In Vitro

It has long been held as scientific fact that soon after birth, cardiomyocytes cease dividing, thus explaining the limited restoration of cardiac function after a heart attack. Recent demonstrations of cardiac myocyte differentiation observed in vitro or after in vivo transplantation of adult stem cells from blood, fat, skeletal muscle, or heart have challenged this view. Analysis of these studies has been complicated by the large disparity in the magnitude of effects seen by different groups and obscured by the recently appreciated process of in vivo stem-cell fusion. We now show a novel population of nonsatellite cells in adult murine skeletal muscle that progress under standard primary cell-culture conditions to autonomously beating cardiomyocytes. Their differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes is characterized here by video microscopy, confocal-detected calcium transients, electron microscopy, immunofluorescent cardiac-specific markers, and single-cell patch recordings of cardiac action potentials. Within 2 d after tail-vein injection of these marked cells into a mouse model of acute infarction, the marked cells are visible in the heart. By 6 d they begin to differentiate without fusing to recipient cardiac cells. Three months later, the tagged cells are visible as striated heart muscle restricted to the region of the cardiac infarct.