Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When stereotypes backfire: Trying to suppress stereotypes produces false recollections of a crime.

Purpose. This study examined whether participants' memories of a racially neutral crime story are influenced by stereotypes and the instruction to suppress stereotypes while reading the crime story. We expected that participants who saw a photograph of a foreign group (negative stereotype prime) and were given the instruction to suppress stereotypes before reading a crime story would make significantly more stereotype-consistent errors on a recognition test than participants who received a neutral prime and a suppression instruction. Methods. Participants were 88 undergraduate students (59 women) who were randomly allocated to the cells of a 2 (negative stereotype versus neutral prime)×2 (thought suppression versus control) between-subjects design. The dependent variables were recognition of accurate items, stereotype-consistent items and confabulation items. Results. The critical stereotype × suppression interaction was statistically significant for false recognition of non-presented stereotype-consistent items. Simple effect analyses of the suppression condition showed that participants who were primed with a negative stereotype made more stereotype-consistent recognition errors than those who had been exposed to a neutral prime. Conclusions. Stereotypes not only make cognitive processing easier, but might also contribute to recognition errors when people do what they often are told to do in the legal arena: suppress stereotypical thinking.
Model Driven Security Management: Making Security Management Manageable in Complex Distributed Systems

Today, the challenge in security of complex distributed systems does not anymore lie in encryption or access control of a single middleware platform, but in the protection of the system as a whole. This includes the definition of correct security policies at various abstraction layers, and also in the unified and correct management and enforcement of the correct security policy at all relevant places in the system. The authors have learned in the development even of comparatively simple distributed systems that this is not possible anymore by a manual definition of encryption properties and access control rules. Human security administrators are not able to define all these fine grained rules with sufficient assurance, to distribute them to all Policy Enforcement Points and to check many log files or admin consoles. This is especially impossible in highly distributed and agile service oriented or data driven systems. In this paper we will illustrate the approach and architecture behind Model Driven Security Management and provide a healthcare regulatory compliance case study using our OpenPMF 2.0 technology.
Cohabitation of insulators and silencing elements in yeast subtelomeric regions

In budding yeast, the telomeric DNA is flanked by a combination of two subtelomeric repetitive sequences, the X and Y′ elements. We have investigated the influence of these sequences on telomeric silencing. The telomere‐proximal portion of either X or Y′ dampened silencing when located between the telomere and the reporter gene. These elements were named STARs, for subtelomeric anti‐silencing regions. STARs can also counteract silencer‐driven repression at the mating‐type HML locus. When two STARs bracket a reporter gene, its expression is no longer influenced by surrounding silencing elements, although these are still active on a second reporter gene. In addition, an intervening STAR uncouples the silencing of neighboring genes. STARs thus display the hallmarks of insulators. Protection from silencing is recapitulated by multimerized oligonucleotides representing Tbf1p‐ and Reb1p‐binding sites, as found in STARs. In contrast, sequences located more centromere proximal in X and Y′ elements reinforce silencing. They can promote silencing downstream of an insulated expressed domain. Overall, our results suggest that the silencing emanating from telomeres can be propagated in a discontinuous manner via a series of subtelomeric relay elements.
The Production of Metaphoric Expressions in Spontaneous Speech: A Controlled-Setting Experiment

We introduce a novel experimental paradigm for eliciting metaphoric expressions in spontaneous speech, under controlled conditions. Participants were presented with a pair of words on a PC monitor and were asked to provide a verbal response describing a conceptual relation between the stimuli. The proportion of metaphoric responses depended on the stimuli in a predictable manner. A large proportion of metaphoric responses was obtained for stimuli that were derived from existing metaphors. The chronometric study of metaphor production in this paradigm produced 3 major findings: (a) a figurative-literal difference: responses that included metaphorical expressions showed greater reaction times (RTs) than responses with only literal expressions; (b) familiarity effect: responses that included more-familiar metaphorical expressions showed smaller RTs than responses that included less-familiar metaphorical expressions; (c) degree of metaphoricity effect: responses that included highly metaphorical expressions showed greater RTs than responses that included less metaphorical expressions. We discuss the processing implications of these results.
Student Teachers' Attitudes Towards the Inclusion of Children with Special Needs

Previous research has suggested that teachers' attitudes are crucial to the success of inclusion programs for children with special needs. In the present study, the impact of special needs category (intellectual disabilities versus emotional and behavioural problems) and student teachers' training (being trained to work with either younger or older children) on their attitudes towards inclusion were explored. Ninety three student teachers completed a new measure of attitudes towards inclusion: the Impact of Inclusion Questionnaire (IIQ). Results showed that student teachers were more negative about the impact of children with emotional and behavioural problems on other children, teachers, and the school environment than they were about children with intellectual disabilities. There was little support for the effects of training background or student teachers' previous experience of special needs on their attitudes. Implications for inclusion programs and future research are briefly discussed.
Methods of examining damp grain at harvest and after sealed and open storage: changes in the microflora of damp grain during sealed storage.

Summary. Methods are described for enumerating the micro-organisms occurring on damp grain (18–35% moisture content) after harvesting and after sealed and open storage. The microflora of 41 samples of damp grain at harvesting and 137 samples after sealed storage on farms have been examined. The latter included 25 samples from experimental storage, including polythene bags, and 51 samples from stores where spoilage had occurred or advice was sought. A remarkably consistent population level of bacteria, moulds and yeasts was found on damp grain at harvesting. This information was used as a convenient basis for comparisons with results from grain after storage. Bacteria were initially present at 1–10 × 106/g, but the level generally diminished during anaerobic storage. Also coli-aerogenes bacteria died out but lactobacilli increased. Strict anaerobes (Clostridium spp.) did not develop. Moulds originally present in small numbers normally decreased but while total yeasts often remained at the ingoing number, there was a change from non-myceliated to myceliated species, numbers of which sometimes increased further. If thermophilic yeasts and moulds or Streptomycetaceae were present in large numbers, the grain had been subjected to aeration and had heated. Sometimes mould growth appeared to cause binding of the grain, but in other instances myceliated yeasts were implicated.
Arousing News Characteristics in Dutch Television News 1990–2004: An Exploration of Competitive Strategies

This study investigates the processes by which competition in the television news market might promote the presence of arousing characteristics in television news. A total of 3,024 news stories from six Dutch television news programs over the period 1990 to 2004 were investigated through content analysis. The findings of the study show overall increases in all 6 arousing characteristics. The findings also show that commercial newcomers included more arousing characteristics in their news stories than the public service broadcasters, that commercial newcomers developed a news format that featured more arousing characteristics, and that existing programs reacted to newcomers by increasing the amount of arousing characteristics in their news stories.
The Institutional Basis of Political Legitimacy : The Reformation and the Origin of the Modern Economy in England

This paper opens the ‘black box’ of endogenous political legitimacy and asks what role, if any, did political legitimacy play in the process rendering England the first modern economy, a colonial Empire and an exemplary democracy? Legitimacy entails obedience based on the moral obligation to follow the authority, and public displays of support from legitimizing agents increase legitimacy. Although the political authority can potentially select its legitimizing agents, the more the legitimizing agent has the power to decline supporting the authority, the higher legitimacy its support entails. Historically, the break with Rome that Henry VIII instituted during the English Reformation reduced the legitimizing power of the Church and the Tudors monarchs increasingly relied on Parliament as a legitimizing agent. They thus increased the power of the Parliament and its secular components. The endogenous change in the balance of political power was the ultimate source of the multiple institutional and policy changes that are the hallmark of England’s transformation. * We are grateful for comments received at the 2013 All-UC Economic History Meetings at Chapman University. All errors are ours. 1
Convergence in Norm for Alternating Expectation-Maximization (EM) Type Algorithms

We provide a su cient condition for convergence of a general class of alternating estimation-maximization (EM) type continuous-parameter estimation algorithms with respect to a given norm. This class includes EM, penalized EM, Green's OSL-EM, and other approximate EM algorithms. The convergence analysis can be extended to include alternating coordinate-maximization EM algorithms such as Meng and Rubin's ECM and Fessler and Hero's SAGE. The condition for monotone convergence can be used to establish norms under which the distance between successive iterates and the limit point of the EM-type algorithm approaches zero monotonically. For illustration, we apply our results to estimation of Poisson rate parameters in emission tomography and establish that in the nal iterations the logarithm of the EM iterates converge monotonically in a weighted Euclidean norm.
Highly qualified rural youth: why do young graduates return to their home region?

This paper addresses the motivations underlying migration decision-making in the case of young university graduates returning to their rural home region in Switzerland. Empirical results show the joint role of social ties, living environment, and job opportunities, although the weight given to each of these factors varies between graduates. Some strategies used by the graduates to cope with a limited labour market are furthermore identified. I argue that internal migrations are far from being the sole consequence of labour market conditions and that a greater appreciation of non-economic issues is needed.
Intensive short‐term dynamic psychotherapy—central dynamic sequence: head‐on collision with resistance

In this article the author presents his technique of head-on collision with resistance and outlines the major aims and the main technical interventions in head-on collision. In the second part of this article there will be an in-depth presentation of the spectrum of head-on collision; a technical and metapsychological conceptualization. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CREATING SPACE FOR GOD: TOWARD A SPIRITUALITY OF YOUTH MINISTRY

Abstract Based on research conducted over seven years by the Youth Ministry and Spirituality Project (YMSP), this article offers an overview of the perspectives that have informed the Project's contemplative approach to congregational youth ministry. It begins by examining the context of YMSP through a critical analysis of two other predominant emphases in current approaches to youth ministry: entertainment and catechesis. It then explores the theological rationale for integrating contemplative practices into youth ministry. Finally, it outlines the seven elements of a spirituality of youth ministry based on the Charter of YMSP: Sabbath, prayer, covenant community, discernment, accompaniment, hospitality, and authentic action.
Neutralization of Biological Activity and Inhibition of Receptor Binding by Antibodies Against Human Thrombopoietin

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a recently isolated cytokine that primarily regulates megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. We recently reported the development of a variety of antibodies (Abs) to synthetic peptides of human (h)TPO and to recombinant human TPO (rhTPO). In this study, we characterized the Abs and mapped immunologically distinct areas of the molecule. Among the five different antipeptide polyclonal Abs, only one, raised against synthetic peptide D8 to Q28, neutralized the TPO‐dependent growth of FDCP‐2 cells expressing human Mpl (FDCP‐hMpl5 cells). One out of seven anti‐rhTPO monoclonal Abs, designated as TN1, also showed neutralizing activity. TN1 was found to be specifically reactive with two proteolytic fragments, residues S1 to R117 and A60 to K122 of hTPO, indicating that the epitope(s) of TN1 is localized in residues A60 to R117 of the molecule. These two neutralizing Abs inhibited the binding of biotinylated rhTPO to FDCP‐hMpl5 cells. On the other hand, the other Abs, which reacted with five polypeptides of S47 to D62, L108 to A126, N172 to A190, S262 to T284, and P306 to G332 of hTPO, did not show either the neutralizing activity or the ability to inhibit the binding of biotinylated rhTPO to the cell surface hMpl. These findings indicate that two regions, residues D8 to Q28 and A60 to R117 of hTPO, may contain the domains associated with its receptor, c‐Mpl. These Abs characterized here are valuable for studying the structural analysis and the biological function of hTPO mediated by its receptor.
Emission of spin waves by a magnetic multilayer traversed by a current.

The interaction between spin waves and itinerant electrons is considerably enhanced in the vicinity of an interface between normal and ferromagnetic layers in metallic thin ﬁlms. This leads to a local increase of the Gilbert damping parameter which characterizes spin dynamics. When a dc current crosses this interface, stimulated emission of spin waves is predicted to take place. Beyond a certain critical current density, the spin damping becomes negative; a spontaneous precession of the magnetization is predicted to arise. This is the magnetic analog of the injection laser. An extra dc voltage appears across the interface, given by an expression similar to that for the Josephson voltage across a superconducting junction. � S0163-1829 � 96 � 00237-8 �
Gate delay fault test generation for non-scan circuits

This article presents a technique for the extension of delay fault test pattern generation to synchronous sequential circuits without making use of scan techniques. The technique relies on the coupling of TDgen, a robust combinational test pattern generator for delay faults, and SEMILET, a sequential test pattern generator for several static fault models. The approach uses a forward propagation-backward justification technique: The test pattern generation is started at the fault location, and after successful "local" test generation fault effect propagation is performed and finally a synchronising sequence to the required state is computed. The algorithm is complete for a robust gate delay fault model, which means that for every testable fault a test will be generated, assuming sufficient time. Experimental results for the ISCAS'89 benchmarks are presented in this paper. <<ETX>>
A MEMS structure for acoustic energy harvesting using a DPL type BAW resonator mounted over a SOI substrate

A new acoustic energy harvesting model from a MEMS based BAW resonator is highlighted in this paper. Here, the resonator is designed by using a dual piezoelectric layer (DPL) which is a combination of two piezoelectric materials that were found effective from among the four piezoelectric materials that were used in our previous research paper, which are PZT-5H and Barium Titanate (BaTiO3). Silicon-On-insulation (SOI) based substrate is used as the support layer for the composite layer instead of the traditional Silicon layer as it reduces the latch-up effect that tends to hampers the electrostatic performance of the device when integrated with CMOS SoC. Eigen frequency analysis, frequency domain analysis, absolute value of admittance vs. frequency plots, terminal current, total power dissipation, series resonance, surface deformation of the resonator and Q-factor are some studies done to determine the effective functionality of the device. All the design and simulation are carried in COMSOL Multiphysics environment.
The development of personality , abilities and social relations in a special class Läszlo Balogh and Kälmän Nagy 134 School adjustment of high ability students

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF GIFTEDNSS Broadly conceptualized, "giftedness" can be defined as the totality of personal (cognitive, motivational) potential and sociocultural conditions for learning and achieving (Roth, 1968). The development of giftedness is understood as resulting from the interaction of internal (personal) dispositional factors and external sozialization factors. The term is used in psychology both to describe (ability concept) and to explain (qualitative category). These two conceptualizations stem from different research paradigms: (a) nomothetically oriented psychometric studies that attempt to measure quantitative interand intraindividual differences in ability, (b) idiographically oriented 1 Authors's address: Prof. Dr. Kurt Heller, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Institute of Educational Psychology and Psychological Diagnostics, Leopoldstr. 13, 8000 München 40, Germany.
Chlamydia pneumoniae infection promotes vascular smooth muscle 1 cell migration through Toll-like receptor 2-related signaling 2 pathway 3 4

22 The migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the media to the intima is 23 proposed to be a key event in the development of atherosclerosis. Recently, we reported 24 that Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is involved in VSMC migration. However, the 25 exact mechanisms for C. pneumoniae infection-induced VSMC migration are not yet well 26 elucidated. In this study we examined the role of the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) 27 activation-related signaling pathway in VSMC migration induced by C. pneumoniae 28 infection. An Affymetrix based gene expression array was conducted to identify the 29 changes of gene expression in rat primary VSMCs (rVSMCs) infected with C. 30 pneumoniae. Both the microarray analysis and quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed 31 that TLR2 mRNA expression was strongly upregulated 12 h after C. pneumoniae 32 infection. RT-PCR and western blot analysis further showed that the expression levels of 33 TLR2 mRNA and protein significant increased at the different time points after infection. 34 Immunocytochemical analysis suggested a TLR2 recruitment to the vicinity of C. 35 pneumoniae inclusions. Cell migration assays showed that the TLR2 neutralizing 36 antibody could significantly inhibit C. pneumoniae infection-induced rVSMC migration. 37 In addition, C. pneumoniae infection stimulated Akt phosphorylation at Ser 473, which 38 was obviously suppressed by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, thereby inhibiting rVSMC 39 migration caused by C. pneumoniae infection. Furthermore, both the infection-induced 40 Akt phosphorylation and rVSMC migration were suppressed by the TLR2 neutralizing 41 antibody. Taken together, these data suggest that C. pneumoniae infection can promote 42 on S etem er 3, 2017 by gest http/iai.asm . rg/ D ow nladed fom VSMC migration possibly through TLR2-related signaling pathway. 43
The ECB Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF) - A Review After Eight Years' Experience

Eight years have passed since the European Central Bank (ECB) launched its Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF). The SPF asks a panel of approximately 75 forecasters located in the European Union (EU) for their short- to longer-term expectations for macroeconomic variables such as euro area inflation, growth and unemployment. This paper provides an initial assessment of the information content of this survey. First, we consider shorter-term (i.e., one- and two-year ahead rolling horizon) forecasts. The analysis suggests that, over the sample period, in common with other private and institutional forecasters, the SPF systematically under-forecast inflation but that there is less evidence of such systematic errors for GDP and unemployment forecasts. However, these findings, which generally hold regardless of whether one considers the aggregate SPF panel or individual responses, should be interpreted with caution given the relatively short sample period available for the analysis. Second, we consider SPF respondents’ assessment of forecast uncertainty using information from heir probability distributions. The results suggest that, particularly at the individual level, SPF respondents do not seem to fully capture the overall level of macroeconomic uncertainty. Moreover, even at the aggregate level, a more sophisticated evaluation of the SPF density forecasts using the probability integral transform largely confirms this assessment. Lastly, we consider longer-term macroeconomic expectations from the SPF, where, as expectations cannot yet be assessed against so few actual realisations, we provide a mainly qualitative assessment. With regard to inflation, the study suggests that the ECB has been successful at anchoring longterm expectations at rates consistent with its primary objective to ensure price stability over the medium term. Long-term GDP expectations – which should provide an indication of the private sector’s assessment of potential growth – have declined over the sample period and the balance of risks reported by respondents has generally been skewed to the downside.
Rminimax: An Optimally Randomized MINIMAX Algorithm

This paper proposes a simple extension of the celebrated MINIMAX algorithm used in zero-sum two-player games, called Rminimax. The Rminimax algorithm allows controlling the strength of an artificial rival by randomizing its strategy in an optimal way. In particular, the randomized shortest-path framework is applied for biasing the artificial intelligence (AI) adversary toward worse or better solutions, therefore controlling its strength. In other words, our model aims at introducing/implementing bounded rationality to the MINIMAX algorithm. This framework takes into account all possible strategies by computing an optimal tradeoff between exploration (quantified by the entropy spread in the tree) and exploitation (quantified by the expected cost to an end game) of the game tree. As opposed to other tree-exploration techniques, this new algorithm considers complete paths of a tree (strategies) where a given entropy is spread. The optimal randomized strategy is efficiently computed by means of a simple recurrence relation while keeping the same complexity as the original MINIMAX. As a result, the Rminimax implements a nondeterministic strength-adapted AI opponent for board games in a principled way, thus avoiding the assumption of complete rationality. Simulations on two common games show that Rminimax behaves as expected.