Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
catena-Poly[[tetraaquacadmium]-μ-5,5′-(1,4-phenylene)di(tetrazol-2-ido)-κ2 N 2:N 2′]

In the title compound, [Cd(C8H4N8)(H2O)4]n, 5,5′-(1,4-phenylene)di(tetrazol-2-ide) (L) ligands bridge CdII atoms into polymeric chains along [201]. The CdII atom is situated on an inversion centre and is coordinated by two N atoms from two L ligands and by four water O atoms in a distorted octahedral geometry. In the L ligand, the benzene ring resides on an inversion centre and the tetrazole rings are twisted from its plane by 22.3 (1)°. An extensive hydrogen-bonding network formed by classical O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O interactions consolidates the crystal packing, linking the poymeric chains into a three-dimensional structure.
Differential Expression of CCN1/CYR61, CCN3/NOV, CCN4/WISP1, and CCN5/WISP2 in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Tumorigenesis

The hallmark of neurofibromatosis type 1 is the development of dermal and plexiform neurofibromas. Neurofibromatosis type 1patients with plexiform neurofibromas are at risk of developing malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. We applied a 22,000-oligonucleotide microarray transcriptomic approach to a series of plexiform neurofibromas in comparison with dermal neurofibromas, and results were confirmed with real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Thirteen genes were upregulated and 10 were downregulated in plexiform neurofibromas. The upregulated genes mainly encode molecules involved in cell adhesion, extracellular matrix, fibrogenesis, and angiogenesis. Several CCN gene family members were dysregulated in neurofibromatosis type 1tumorigenesis; the angiogenic gene CCN1/CYR61 was specifically upregulated in the plexiform neurofibromas; CCN4/WISP1 was upregulated, and CCN3/NOV and CCN5/WISP2 were downregulated inpaired comparisons of plexiform neurofibroma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor from the same patients. CCN1 and CCN3 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry in neurofibromatosis type 1-associated tumors. Upregulation of S100A8, S100A9, and CD36 was also observed and suggests a role of this pathway in inflammation-associated genesis of plexiform neurofibromas. In summary, a limited number of pathways are potentially involved in plexiform neurofibroma development. Some of the genes identified, particularly CCN1, might be useful diagnostic or prognostic markers or form the basis for novel therapeutic strategies.
Correlation-based Feature Selection using Ant Colony Optimization

Feature selection has recently been the subject of intensive research in data mining, specially for da tasets with a large number of attributes. Recent work has shown that fe tur selection can have a positive effect on the performance of ma chine learning algorithms. The success of many learning algorithms in their attempts to construct models of data, hinges on the reliable identification of a small set of highly predictive attributes. The incl usion of irrelevant, redundant and noisy attributes in the model buildin g process phase can result in poor predictive performance and incre ased computation. In this paper, a novel feature search procedure tha t utilizes the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is presented. The ACO is a metaheuristic inspired by the behavior of real ants in their search for the shortest paths to food sources. It looks for optima l solutions by considering both local heuristics and previous know ledge. When applied to two different classification problems, t he proposed algorithm achieved very promising results. Keywords—Ant colony optimization, Classification, Data mining, Feature selection.
The F7 Gene and Clotting Factor VII Levels: Dissection of a Human Quantitative Trait Locus

Abstract Localization of human quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is now routine. However, identifying their functional DNA variants is still a formidable challenge. We present a complete dissection of a human QTL using novel statistical techniques to infer the most likely functional polymorphisms of a QTL that influence plasma levels of clotting factor VII (FVII), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Resequencing of 15 kb in and around the F7 gene identified 49 polymorphisms, which were then genotyped in 398 people. Using a Bayesian quantitative trait nucleotide (BQTN) method, we identified four to seven functional variants that completely account for this QTL. These variants include both rare coding variants and more common, potentially regulatory polymorphisms in intronic and promoter regions.
A wideband antenna loaded with ferrite for mobile phone applications

In this paper, we proposed a novel mobile phone antenna with yttrium iron garnet (YIG) ferrite slab loaded to enhance antenna bandwidth. The antenna has an inverted-L shaped slot etched on the ground plane. The slot is fed by means of a 50 Ω microstrip connected to a bent strip. A step-shaped YIG ferrite slab is attached on the ground plane in the slot region to enhance bandwidth. The measured −6 dB band of the antenna without ferrite slab is 0.969–1.07, 2.25–3.36, and 4.25–5 GHz. With loading of ferrite slab, the bandwidth is enhanced to 0.667–1.0, 1.09–1.24 and 1.57–5 GHz.
Additional disulfide bonds in insulin: Prediction, recombinant expression, receptor binding affinity, and stability

The structure of insulin, a glucose homeostasis‐controlling hormone, is highly conserved in all vertebrates and stabilized by three disulfide bonds. Recently, we designed a novel insulin analogue containing a fourth disulfide bond located between positions A10‐B4. The N‐terminus of insulin's B‐chain is flexible and can adapt multiple conformations. We examined how well disulfide bond predictions algorithms could identify disulfide bonds in this region of insulin. In order to identify stable insulin analogues with additional disulfide bonds, which could be expressed, the Cβ cut‐off distance had to be increased in many instances and single X‐ray structures as well as structures from MD simulations had to be used. The analogues that were identified by the algorithm without extensive adjustments of the prediction parameters were more thermally stable as assessed by DSC and CD and expressed in higher yields in comparison to analogues with additional disulfide bonds that were more difficult to predict. In contrast, addition of the fourth disulfide bond rendered all analogues resistant to fibrillation under stress conditions and all stable analogues bound to the insulin receptor with picomolar affinities. Thus activity and fibrillation propensity did not correlate with the results from the prediction algorithm.
Sleeping on the job: energy-efficient and robust broadcast for radio networks

We address the problem of minimizing power consumption when broadcasting a message from one node to all the other nodes in a radio network. To enable power savings for such a problem, we introduce a compelling new data streaming problem that we call the Bad Santa problem. Our results on this problem apply for any situation where: 1) a node can listen to a set of n nodes, out of which at least half are non-faulty and know the correct message; and 2) each of these n nodes sends according to some predetermined schedule which assigns each of them its own unique time slot. In this situation, we show that in order to receive the correct message with probability 1, it is necessary and sufficient for the listening node to listen to a Θ(√n) expected number of time slots. Moreover, if we allow for repetitions of transmissions so that each sending node sends the message O(log* n) times (i.e. in O(log* n) rounds each consisting of the n time slots), then listening to O(log* n) expected number of time slots suffices. We show that this is near optimal. We describe an application of our result to the popular grid model for a radio network. Each node in the network is located on a point in a two dimensional grid, and whenever a node sends a message, all awake nodes within L∞ distance r receive the message. In this model, up to t< r/2 (2r+1) nodes within any 2r+1 by 2r+1 square in the grid can suffer Byzantine faults. Moreover, we assume that the nodes that suffer Byzantine faults are chosen and controlled by an adaptive adversary that knows everything except for the random bits of each non-faulty node. This type of adaptive adversary models worst-case behavior due to malicious attacks on the network; mobile nodes moving around in the network; or static nodes losing power or ceasing to function. Let n=r(2r+1). We show how to solve the broadcast problem in this model with each node awake only an expected O(1/√n) fraction of the time. Moreover, if we allow each node to send O(log* n) times, we can increase the energy savings so that each node is awake only an expected O((log* n)/ n) fraction of the time. This compares favorably with previous protocols that required each node to be awake for every time step.
Diagnóstico Laboratorial da Giardiose Humana: Comparação Entre as Técnicas de Sedimentação Espontânea em Água e de Centrífugo-Flutuação em Solução de Sulfato de Zinco

Introducao: A giardiose e uma das enteroparasitoses mais prevalentes no nosso meio e acarreta morbidade de individuos e dispendio de recursos pecuniarios. O diagnostico laboratorial da giardiose e essencial, sendo o exame parasitologico de amostras fecais por microscopia o padrao ouro, a despeito do surgimento de tecnicas alternativas. Dada a possivel diferenca de sensibilidade empregando tecnicas de concentracao distintas, torna-se necessario uma comparacao entre as mesmas. Objetivos : Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar duas tecnicas amplamente utilizadas para o diagnostico da giardiose e, concomitantemente, caracterizar a populacao do estudo e avaliar a ocorrencia de co-parasitoses. Metodo: As amostras foram coletadas no periodo de marco a maio de 2010 (N =163), sendo provenientes de usuarios do Laboratorio de Analises Clinicas Prof. Rubens Dantas (LAC, Farmacia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre). As tecnicas de concentracao das amostras fecais empregadas para o diagnostico foram a de sedimentacao espontânea em agua (HPJ) e a centrifugo-flutuacao em solucao de sulfato de zinco (Faust). Aplicou-se um questionario aos usuarios do laboratorio para melhor caracterizacao da populacao estudada. Resultados: A prevalencia total de enteroparasitoses e de giardiose na populacao estudada foi, respectivamente, de 22,9% e de 10,7% empregando as duas tecnicas de concentracao. A giardiose foi mais pronunciada em criancas e idosos, principalmente, do genero masculino. A tecnica de Faust (N =11) apresentou maior sensibilidade quando comparada a tecnica de HPJ (N =6). Conclusao: A tecnica de Faust foi mais sensivel para observacao de cistos de Giardia lamblia podendo ser uma tecnica complementar ao HPJ no diagnostico deste protozoario.
An eigenvalue recursion for Toeplitz matrices

In this correspondence, a recursive algorithm for finding eigenvalues of a real symmetric Toeplitz matrix from the eigenvalues of nested Toeplitz submatrices is presented. Given the eigenvalues of two nested Toeplitz submatrices, the eigenvalues of the next larger Toeplitz matrix can be found simply by solving a Vandermonde set of equations and rooting two polynomials.
Kernel methods for flight data monitoring

L'analyse de donnees de vols appliquee aux operations aeriennes ou "Flight Data Monitoring" (FDM), est le processus par lequel une compagnie aerienne recueille, analyse et traite de facon reguliere les donnees enregistrees dans les avions, dans le but d'ameliorer de facon globale la securite.L'objectif de cette these est d'elaborer dans le cadre des methodes a noyau, des techniques pour la detection des vols atypiques qui presentent potentiellement des problemes qui ne peuvent etre trouves en utilisant les methodes classiques. Dans la premiere partie, nous proposons une nouvelle methode pour la detection d'anomalies.Nous utilisons une nouvelle technique de reduction de dimension appelee analyse en entropie principale par noyau afin de concevoir une methode qui est a la fois non supervisee et robuste.Dans la deuxieme partie, nous resolvons le probleme de la structure des donnees dans le domaine FDM.Tout d'abord, nous etendons la methode pour prendre en compte les parametres de differents types tels que continus, discrets ou angulaires.Ensuite, nous explorons des techniques permettant de prendre en compte l'aspect temporel des vols et proposons un nouveau noyau dans la famille des techniques de deformation de temps dynamique, et demontrons qu'il est plus rapide a calculer que les techniques concurrentes et est de plus defini positif.Nous illustrons notre approche avec des resultats prometteurs sur des donnees reelles des compagnies aeriennes TAP et Transavia comprenant plusieurs centaines de vols
Saliency detection based object proposal

Recently, the use of object proposals has been much introduced in the field of salient object segmentation methods. Object proposal methods provide a limited set of proposals per image which can successively be analyzed on their saliency. In this context, we regard saliency map computation as a regression problem and we used object proposals (selective search) to compute the saliency map. Our method based on low-level features combined with a random forest classifier a saliency classifier is trained. In term of F-measue our approach outperform state of the art results on two datasets.
Upper limb prosthesis use and abandonment: A survey of the last 25 years

This review presents an analytical and comparative survey of upper limb prosthesis acceptance and abandonment as documented over the past 25 years, detailing areas of consumer dissatisfaction and ongoing technological advancements. English-language articles were identified in a search of Ovid, PubMed, and ISI Web of Science (1980 until February 2006) for key words upper limb and prosthesis. Articles focused on upper limb prostheses and addressing: (i) Factors associated with abandonment; (ii) Rejection rates; (iii) Functional analyses and patterns of wear; and (iv) Consumer satisfaction, were extracted with the exclusion of those detailing tools for outcome measurement, case studies, and medical procedures. Approximately 200 articles were included in the review process with 40 providing rates of prosthesis rejection. Quantitative measures of population characteristics, study methodology, and prostheses in use were extracted from each article. Mean rejection rates of 45% and 35% were observed in the literature for body-powered and electric prostheses respectively in pediatric populations. Significantly lower rates of rejection for both body-powered (26%) and electric (23%) devices were observed in adult populations while the average incidence of non-wear was similar for pediatric (16%) and adult (20%) populations. Documented rates of rejection exhibit a wide range of variance, possibly due to the heterogeneous samples involved and methodological differences between studies. Future research should comprise of controlled, multifactor studies adopting standardized outcome measures in order to promote comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting prosthesis use and abandonment. An enhanced understanding of these factors is needed to optimize prescription practices, guide design efforts, and satiate demand for evidence-based measures of intervention.
Sufficient stability condition for hybrid position/force control

A sufficient condition for the kinematic stability of a robot hybrid position/force control scheme is defined. The test for the sufficient condition is a technique that uses only the kinematic information to determine system stability or to identify situations where possible stability problems may occur. The sufficient condition test is applied to an example, using the original hybrid position/force control scheme of J.J. Craig and M.H. Raibert (1979) and the corrected hybrid position/force control scheme proposed by W.D. Fisher and M.S. Mujtaba (1992). A root locus analysis showed the original hybrid control approach to be unstable. It is shown that the sufficient condition is also violated for this situation. In the corrected hybrid control approach, the sufficient condition is never violated for any manipulator and the same example is shown to be always stable. A root locus plot for the hybrid control approaches is included to confirm the results of the sufficient stability condition. <<ETX>>
Distributed estimation of sparse user activity for multi-base station on-off random access

We consider user activity estimation for on-off random access in multi-base station systems. With on-off random access, each user, at a fixed slot, transmits its unique codeword (and is hence active) with probability p, and is heard by all base stations in its vicinity; the goal for each base station is then to determine which of the users in its coverage region are active. This problem models various relevant control (signalling) tasks like initial access and scheduling requests in multi-base station cellular wireless systems. In this paper, we develop a fully distributed estimator, where neighboring base stations exchange messages through backhaul links to determine the active users set. Our estimator assumes no prior knowledge on the user-base station channel gains and, as a byproduct, estimates the channel gains from base stations to their active neighboring users. Our estimator is based on a convex loss function which enhances group-sparsity of the channel gains from each user to all its neighboring base stations. Simulation examples demonstrate that our distributed estimator achieves a low error probability (in determining the active users set) over a wide range of system loads (expected number of active users per base station, per slot).
On-frequency masking with continuous sinusoids.

The detectability of brief, 1000‐Hz sinusoids added in phase or in quadrature to a continuous tonal masker (pedestal) of the same frequency as the signal was examined in the presence of a continuous wide‐band noise. The effects of signal duration, shape of the signal's energy‐density spectrum, sound‐pressure level (SPL) of the pedestal, and noise spectrum level were investigated. For conditions in which the background noise level was low, two unusual phenomena were noted: (1) a complete absence of the customary trading relation between signal power and duration; and (2) an extremely shallow masking function relating signal SPL and pedestal level. These departures from the law of temporal integration and Weber's law are consistent with a simple filter model of the ear in which it is assumed that the location of the auditory filter is altered in response to changes in the parameters of the signal and masker. A basic assumption of the model is that the location of the filter is changed in order to maximize t.
Analysis of environmental carrying capacity of Hainan against the background of island economy

With rapid development of economy in Hainan, the environmental issue has become more and more a focus of attention. On the basis of current research achievements on carrying capacity, first of all, this article established a model of carrying capacity taking into consideration of island environmental factors. Then, with the method of this model, this article made an empirical analysis on the environmental carrying capacity in Hainan. Finally, according to issues existing in the environmental protection in Hainan, this article put forward some significant countermeasures and suggestions.
Paradox and Privacy: On §§201-202 of Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations

Wittgenstein's treatment of rule-following in ? 185-242 of Philosophical Investigations challenges our need for, and the possibility of, foundations of language. In these sections, Wittgenstein seeks to undermine a conception of rational language use as informed by an underlying logical structure which determines standards of correctness for our uses of words. Although this much would be widely accepted, its meaning is more controversial: Both Wittgenstein's intentions and the philosophical force of his efforts have remained unclear. In fact, even the local significance of ? 201-202, those crucial sections in which Wittgenstein reviews and dissolves his much-discussed "paradox" about rule-following and then challenges the coherence of the notion of following a rule privately, has proved elusive. This elusiveness rests in large part on failure to grasp the kind of point Wittgenstein means to make here. In this paper, I seek a deeper understanding of the lessons of Wittgenstein's investigation of rule-following by advancing a close reading of ? 201-202 and by assessing what, in context, these sections actually accomplish. Properly understood, Wittgenstein awakens us to the realization that we have no standpoint from which to raise a general demand for independent normative standards for our practices. More specifically, he elicits the recognition that the effort to express such demands comes to grief; in effect, we do not know what we mean to be asking for when we require or seek "foundations of language. " This sort of philosophical criticism must be handled cautiously; the suggestion that we do not know what we are saying when we begin to philosophize is bound to provoke resistance. Close scrutiny of the specific ways in which the dissolution of the paradox of ? 201 reflects back on the origins of our philosophical perplexity about rules will, I believe, lessen resistance here. When seen as a contribution to unearthing the genesis of philosophical concern with rules and their grounding, ? 201-202 present a key part of a formidable criticism of a picture of meaning that
Synergistic effect of melatonin on exercise‐induced neuronal reconstruction and functional recovery in a spinal cord injury animal model

Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) may aggravate neuronal damage after spinal cord injury (SCI). We hypothesized that NO produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) accelerates secondary damage to spinal tissue, which may be reversed by the neuroprotectant, melatonin. This study investigated the effects of combination therapy with melatonin (10 mg/kg) and exercise (10 m/min) on recovery from SCI caused by contusion. We examined locomotor recovery, iNOS gene expression, autophagic and apoptotic signaling, including Beclin‐1, LC3, p53 and IKKα protein expression and histological alterations in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Melatonin in combination with exercise resulted in significantly increased hindlimb movement (P < 0.05), a reduced level of iNOS mRNA (P < 0.05) and more motor neurons in the ventral horn, versus control SCI and SCI plus exercise alone, with no effect on the other signaling molecules examined. This study shows that combined therapy with melatonin and exercise reduces the degree of secondary damage associated with SCI in rats and supports the possible use of melatonin in combination with exercise to reduce the side effects related to exercise‐induced fatigue and impairment.
T2Script Programming Language

Event-driven programming is used in many fields of modern Computer Science. In event-driven programming languages user interacts with a program by triggering the events. We propose a new approach that we denote command-event driven programming in which the user interacts with a program by means of events and commands. We describe a new programming language, T2Script, which is based on command-event driven paradigm. T2Script has been already implemented and used in one of industrial products. We describe the rationale, basic concepts and advanced programming techniques of new T2Script language. We evaluate the new language and show what advantages and limitations it has.