Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel molecular approach for tracing terrigenous dissolved organic matter into the deep ocean

Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) contains one of the largest exchangeable organic carbon pools on Earth. Riverine input represents an important source of DOM to the oceans, yet much remains to be learned about the fate of the DOM linking terrestrial to oceanic carbon cycles through rivers at the global scale. Here we use ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry to identify 184 molecular formulae that are indicators of riverine inputs (referred to as t‐Peaks) and to track their distribution in the deep North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. The t‐Peaks were found to be enriched in the Amazon River, to be highly correlated with known tracers of terrigenous input, and to be observed in all samples from four different rivers characterized by vastly different landscapes and vegetation coverage spanning equatorial (Amazon and Congo), subtropical (Altamaha), and Arctic (Kolyma) regions. Their distribution reveals that terrigenous organic matter is injected into the deep ocean by the global meridional overturning circulation, indicating that a fraction of the terrigenous DOM introduced by rivers contributes to the DOM pool observed in the deep ocean and to the storage of terrigenous organic carbon. This novel molecular approach can be used to further constrain the transfer of DOM from land to sea, especially considering that Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer analysis is becoming increasingly frequent in studies characterizing the molecular composition of DOM in lakes, rivers, and the ocean.
The structure of dual-variable-domain immunoglobulin molecules alone and bound to antigen

A dual-specific, tetravalent immunoglobulin G-like molecule, termed dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig™), is engineered to block two targets. Flexibility modulates Fc receptor and complement binding, but could result in undesirable cross-linking of surface antigens and downstream signaling. Understanding the flexibility of parental mAbs is important for designing and retaining functionality of DVD-Ig™ molecules. The architecture and dynamics of a DVD-Ig™ molecule and its parental mAbs was examined using single particle electron microscopy. Hinge angles measured for the DVD-Ig™ molecule were similar to the inner antigen parental mAb. The outer binding domain of the DVD-Ig™ molecule was highly mobile and three-dimensional (3D) analysis showed binding of inner antigen caused the outer domain to fold out of the plane with a major morphological change. Docking high-resolution X-ray structures into the 3D electron microscopy map supports the extraordinary domain flexibility observed in the DVD-Ig™ molecule allowing antigen binding with minimal steric hindrance.
The measurement of the properties of materials

This review covers approximately 15 years of development in the techniques used to measure dielectric properties of materials over the frequency range 1 MHz to 1500 GHz. An introductory section summarizes the broad development trends and is followed by short sections which deal with developments at a more detailed level. The approaches described include time- and frequency-domain methods; reflection, transmission, and resonant methods, guided and free-space methods; discrete-frequency and broad-band methods, especially Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Measurements on magnetic materials are also briefly discussed.
Web-based Secure Application Control

The world wide web today serves as a distributed application platform. Its origins, however, go back to a simple delivery network for static hypertexts. The legacy from these days can still be observed in the communication protocol used by increasingly sophisticated clients and applications. This thesis identifies the actual security requirements of modern web applications and shows that HTTP does not fit them: user and application authentication, message integrity and confidentiality, control-flow integrity, and application-to-application authorization. We explore the other protocols in the web stack and work out why they can not fill the gap. Our analysis shows that the underlying problem is the connectionless property of HTTP. However, history shows that a fresh start with web communication is far from realistic. As a consequence, we come up with approaches that contribute to meet the identified requirements. We first present impersonation attack vectors that begin before the actual user authentication, i.e. when secure web interaction and authentication seem to be unnecessary. Session fixation attacks exploit a responsibility mismatch between the web developer and the used web application framework. We describe and compare three countermeasures on different implementation levels: on the source code level, on the framework level, and on the network level as a reverse proxy. Then, we explain how the authentication credentials that are transmitted for the user login, i.e. the password, and for session tracking, i.e. the session cookie, can be complemented by browser-stored and user-based secrets respectively. This way, an attacker can not hijack user accounts only by phishing the user’s password because an additional browser-based secret is required for login. Also, the class of well-known session hijacking attacks is mitigated because a secret only known by the user must be provided in order to perform critical actions. In the next step, we explore alternative approaches to static authentication credentials. Our approach implements a trusted UI and a mutually authenticated session using signatures as a means to authenticate requests. This way, it establishes a trusted path between the user and the web application without exchanging reusable authentication credentials. As a downside, this approach requires support on the client side and on the server side in order to provide maximum protection. Another approach avoids clientside support but can not implement a trusted UI and is thus susceptible to phishing and clickjacking attacks. Our approaches described so far increase the security level of all web communication at all time. This is why we investigate adaptive security policies that fit the actual risk instead of permanently restricting all kinds of communication including non-critical requests. We develop a smart browser extension that detects when the user is authenticated on a website meaning that she can be impersonated because all requests carry
Revaluating urban space through tweets: An analysis of Twitter-based mobile food vendors and online communication

The rise of mobile food vending in US cities combines urban space and mobility with continuous online communication. Unlike traditional urban spaces that are predictable and known, contemporary vendors use information technology to generate impromptu social settings in unconventional and often underutilized spaces. This unique condition requires new methods that interpret online communication as a critical component in the production of new forms of public life. We suggest qualitative approaches combined with data-driven analyses are necessary when planning for emergent behavior. In Charlotte, NC, we investigate the daily operations, tweet content, and spatial and temporal sequencing of six vendors over an extended period of time. The study illustrates the interrelationship between data, urban space, and time and finds that a significant proportion of tweet content is used to announce vending locations in a time-based pattern and that the spatial construction of events is often independent of traditional urban form.
Speed control of DC motor using optimization techniques based PID Controller

The point of this paper is to illustration a speed Controller of a DC motor by decision of a PID parameters using Genetic Algorithm (GAs), the DC motor is widely used as a part of various applications, for example, steel plants, electric trains, cranes and significantly more. DC could be spoken to by a nonlinear model when nonlinearities, for example, interesting dissemination is considered. To give successful control, nonlinearities and instabilities in the model must be considered in the control plan. The DC motor is considered as third request framework. Target of this paper a arrange of tuning strategies for PID parameters. In this paper a freely invigorated DC motor using MATLAB showing, has been sketched out whose speed may be analyzed using the Proportional, Integral, Derivative (KP, KI , KD) expansion of the PID controller. Subsequent to, built up controllers PID are fail to control the drive when weight parameters be in like manner changed The standard purpose of this paper is to analyze the execution of Optimization procedures viz. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) for improve PID controllers parameters for speed control of DC and rundown their purposes of enthusiasm over the customary tuning techniques. The results got from GA figuring's were differentiated and that got from conventional system. It was establish that the Optimization systems thump pattern tuning practices of customary PID controllers.
Alternative Splicing Modulates Autoinhibition and SH3 Accessibility in the Src Kinase Fyn

ABSTRACT Src family kinases are central regulators of a large number of signaling pathways. To adapt to the idiosyncrasies of different cell types, these kinases may need a fine-tuning of their intrinsic molecular control mechanisms. Here, we describe on a molecular level how the Fyn kinase uses alternative splicing to adapt to different cellular environments. Using structural analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, and functional analysis, we show how the inclusion of either exon 7A or 7B affects the autoinhibition of Fyn and how this changes the SH3-dependent interaction and tyrosine phosphorylation of Sam68, with functional consequences for the Sam68-regulated survival of epithelial cells. Our results illustrate a novel mechanism of evolution that may contribute to the complexity of Src kinase regulation.
From narrowband to wideband modeling of radio frequency power amplifiers

Correct modeling of radio frequency power amplifiers (RF PA) is difficult, as nonlinear characteristics are not only statics but also dynamics and strongly depend on input signal frequencies. Recent studies in PA behavioral model have shown the interest of structures based on memory polynomial functions with sparse delay taps between instantaneous and previous input signal. The extension of such structures is proposed in this work to achieve a measurement based wideband model of PA for digital wireless communication systems. The model uses Infinite Impulse Response filters which describe the frequency response of each nonlinearity order. The characterization of this new model structure includes direct calculation of polynomial parameters and delay taps with two-tone test for different frequencies and parameter estimation of equivalents filters in frequency domain using least mean square algorithm and Instrumental Variable method. The obtained architecture improves memory effect description and provides computational efficiency suitable for dynamic time-domain PA studies. This new approach is validated using a 1.85GHz RF PA from Advanced semiconductor business with various modulations such as two-tone test, WCDMA and WiMax signals.
Areal and Phylogenetic Features for Multilingual Speech Synthesis

We introduce phylogenetic and areal language features to the domain of multilingual text-to-speech synthesis. Intuitively, enriching the existing universal phonetic features with crosslingual shared representations should benefit the multilingual acoustic models and help to address issues like data scarcity for low-resource languages. We investigate these representations using the acoustic models based on long short-term memory recurrent neural networks. Subjective evaluations conducted on eight languages from diverse language families show that sometimes phylogenetic and areal representations lead to significant multilingual synthesis quality improvements. To help better leverage these novel features, improving the baseline phonetic representation may be necessary.
Influence of contamination from scattered and emission photons in singles-mode transmission data for small-animal PET

We investigate the influence of scatter correction (SC) and emission-contamination corrections (EC) for singles- mode transmission data in small animal PET. In a previous work, we described and validated a scatter correction for singles-mode transmission data using experimental pre-injection data acquired with the microPET Focus 120 dedicated rodent PET scanner. In this work, we test the general validity of our SC by applying it to pre-injection transmission data from a different imaging system (the larger microPET Focus 220 dedicated primate scanner). We acquired transmission data for a large water cylinder (50 mm radius) and for a nemestrina monkey and found that, for the scatter corrected (SC) attenuation-maps, the average reconstructed mu-values were within 3% of the expected values for water and soft-tissue, while uncorrected values were 19% to 26% lower than their expected values. We also tested our attenuation-map reconstruction and scatter correction procedure for post-injection transmission data acquired with the Focus 120 dedicated rodent scanner. For these data, we also investigated the quantitative accuracy of reconstructed emission images which use attenuation corrections derived from post-injection transmission data. For these studies, we saw how important emission contamination corrections are singles-mode transmission data acquired using a 68Ge source (a positron emitter). Lower-noise, higher-quality attenuation-maps were obtained using 57Co, a 122 keV gamma-emitter, due to the lower amounts of emission contamination and better contrast between mu-values at lower energy. In spite of these differences, correct average mu-values and consistent reconstructed activity concentrations for the emission data could be obtained when both emission-contamination (EC) and scatter corrections (SC) were applied to post-injection transmission data.
The Use of a Wiki at a College in Hungary as a Tool to Enhance Personal Learning.

Wikis have been extensively used in language teaching for collaborative writing. However, there are very few studies about wikis as holistic learning environments. To fill this niche, the present research project aimed to explore the potential of the wiki as a platform for knowledge building and personalized learning that may enhance lifelong learning and students’ self-regulation. Individual learning paths were encouraged by the introduction of a personalized evaluation system, in which points were given for any task the students had completed. A further aim was to find out about students’ perceived language development, their disposition towards the wiki and the evaluation system with the help of mid-course and end-ofcourse questionnaires. The participants of the study were 26 tourism BA students at a university in Budapest who used the wiki for all the three terms of their language course. Results show that the integration of a wiki in a professional English course in higher education is received positively by the students.
UNTREATED VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMA: VERTIGO IS A POWERFUL PREDICTOR FORHEALTH‐RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE

OBJECTIVEThe aim of the present study was to characterise the relation between quality of life (QOL) and the four major complaints (hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo and unsteadiness) caused by unilateral vestibular schwannoma (versus) in a cohort of well-characterised untreated patients. METHODSOne hundred and ninety-nine consecutive patients (91 men, 108 women) with a mean age of 56.9 years were studied prospectively during the 4-year period 2001–2004. The average time span from symptom onset to the radiological diagnosis was 4.2 years. The patients were subject to a standardised examination including MRI, evaluation of hearing acuity, balance function by stabilometry, and a visual analogue scale (VAS) self-evaluation of tinnitus and vertigo. Furthermore, the patients responded to two questionnaires, Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI)). A reference population was recruited from 80 adult persons who visited Haukeland University Hospital as non-patients or non-staff members. All data were recorded prospectively in a customised case report form. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS software. RESULTSThe response rates of the Short-Form 36 and Glasgow Benefit Inventoryquestionnaires were 91.5 and 89.9%, respectively. According to the SF-36 questionnaire the patients scored significantly below that of expected norms with exception of physical function and mental health. Patients report negative benefit on the general and physical sections of the GBI questionnaire. Regression analysis showed that vertigo had a strong negative impact on QOL, whilst unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus had less impact on QOL. CONCLUSIONVertigo is the symptom causing the most pronounced negative effect on QOL in patients with versus The more frequent versus-symptoms unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus seem to be less important in the patients' perception of QOL evaluated by the questionnaires used in this study. If vertigo could be relieved by treatment, this symptom should be more in focus when discussing treatment options in small to medium sized versus
Corticofugal influence on activity of lateral geniculate neurons in the cat.

This invention relates to a novel method for enhancing zinc serum and tissue concentrations which comprises administering a compound of the formula: wherein Z is C=C, O, S, NH; R is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine or trifluoromethyl; and n is 1, 2 or 3.
Bioartificial liver treatment in rats with fulminant hepatic failure: effect on DNA-binding activity of liver-enriched and growth-associated transcription factors.

BACKGROUND We earlier described a model of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in the rat where partial hepatectomy is combined with induction of right liver lobe necrosis. In FHF rats, lack of regeneration of the residual liver was associated with delayed expression of HGF and HGF receptor c-met and elevated blood HGF and TGF-beta1 levels. We then found that intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation prolonged survival in FHF rats and triggered hepatocyte proliferation in the native liver. The latter effect was associated with accelerated expression of HGF and c-met mRNA in the liver and lowering of blood HGF and TGF-beta1 levels. In the present study we show that in FHF rats, treatment with a bioartificial liver (BAL) had similar effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS FHF was induced in inbred Lewis rats and after 4 h, Group 1 rats were subjected to a 4-h whole blood perfusion through the BAL loaded with 3 x 10(8) microcarrier-attached syngeneic hepatocytes, whereas Group 2 control rats were treated with the BAL containing microcarriers only. RESULTS Compared to sham-BAL-treated rats, the test rats lived longer (28 +/- 5 vs 17 +/- 2 h; P = 0.0005), had better coagulation parameters, maintained higher body core temperature, and showed decreased plasma TGF-beta1 levels. In addition, their liver remnants were HGF positive and showed increased DNA binding of transcription factors engaged in the modulation of hepatocyte proliferation (e.g., STAT3) and liver-specific gene expression (e.g., HNF1, HNF4, C/EBP). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that hepatocyte-based extracorporeal support not only can provide metabolic support by increasing the available functional liver mass but also is capable of modifying humoral and molecular mechanisms which are responsible for proliferation and organ-specific functions of residual hepatocytes.
Unique Aspects of Adolescent Sexual Victimization Experiences

This study explored females’ adolescent experiences with sexual aggression using event-level data. A community sample of women, ages 18 to 30 years (N = 319), were interviewed regarding their most recent unwanted sexual experience. Incidents were categorized as occurring during adolescence (ages 14 to 17) or adulthood (after age 18). Preliminary statistical comparison of adolescent and adult incidents revealed differences in perpetrators, type of aggression, preceding activities, and location of assault. Qualitative analytic techniques were then used to identify the contexts in which adolescent victimization occurred, as well as the factors contributing to adolescent vulnerability. Four contexts in which adolescents were sexually victimized emerged: Within Intimate Relationships, At Parties/Social Gatherings, Abuse by Authority Figures, and While Alone With a Friend. Thematic analysis revealed that inexperience with sex and dating, lack of guardianship, substance use, social and relationship concerns, and powerlessness contributed to adolescent vulnerability within these contexts.
Post-LASIK Visual Quality With a Corneoscleral Contact Lens to Treat Irregular Corneas

Objective: To evaluate the visual quality results of fitting a corneoscleral contact lens with multiaspheric geometry design (MAGD CScL) in subjects with irregular corneas after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery. Methods: From a database of patients evaluated for scleral contact lenses, we identified those with irregular corneas and visual problems after they underwent LASIK surgery for correcting myopia. They manifested unsatisfactory visual quality with their current contact lenses or glasses. Therefore, a MAGD CScL was fitted and monitored according to standardized fitting methodology. A diagnostic trial set was used in the fitting process. Visual acuity (VA), subjective visual quality (SVQ), and ocular aberrations were evaluated. A new re-evaluation of these parameters was performed after 1 year wearing MAGD CScL. Results: Eighteen eyes of 18 patients (10 male and 8 female) with irregular cornea after LASIK surgery participated in this study; their ages ranged from 27 to 39 years (mean±SD, 32.6±3.8 years). All patients showed good fitting characteristics: optimal values were seen for lens position and lens movement. Statistically significant differences were found between before and after fitting MAGD CScL in the VA (mean±SD, 0.14±0.03 logMAR and 0.01±0.06 logMAR, respectively; P<0.001); ocular aberrations of second-order, coma, spherical; and the total higher-order aberrations (HOAs) (all P<0.001). The total HOAs decreased by approximately 78% to normal levels after fitting MAGD CScL. In addition, SVQ was also significantly improved after fitting MAGD CScL (16 eyes were favorable or very favorable). After 1 year wearing MAGD CScL, no statistically significant differences were found in the total HOAs and VA in regard to the initial fitting. Conclusions: Corneoscleral contact lens with multiaspheric geometry design is proposed as an effective procedure, providing a good VA and an optimal visual quality on irregular corneas after LASIK surgery in myopic subjects.
SIGNAL RECONSTRUCTION FROM STFT MAGNITUDE : A STATE OF THE ART

This paper presents a review on techniques for signal reconstruction without phase, i.e. when only the spectrogram (the squared magnitude of the Short Time Fourier Transform) of the signal is known. The now standard Griffin and Lim algorithm will be presented, and compared to more recent blind techniques. Two important issues are raised and discussed: first, the definition of relevant criteria to evaluate the performances of different algorithms, and second the question of the unicity of the solution. Some ways of reducing the complexity of the problem are presented with the injection of additional information in the reconstruction. Finally, issues that prevents optimal reconstruction are examined, leading to a discussion on what seem the most promising approaches for future research.