Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis Framework for Layout Analysis Methods

This paper presents a new framework for in-depth analysis of the performance of layout analysis methods. Contrary to existing approaches aimed at evaluation or benchmarking, the proposed framework provides detailed information at various levels that can be used by method developers to identify specific problems and improve their work. Complex layouts are supported as well as the flexible configuration of goal-oriented performance analysis scenarios. The comparison of segmentation results against the ground truth is performed in a very efficient way based on a decomposition of any region shape into an interval-based description. The framework has been validated using the dataset and method results of the ICDAR2005 Page Segmentation Competition.
Validation and Diagnostic Efficiency of the Mini-SPIN in Spanish-Speaking Adolescents

Objectives Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is one of the most common mental disorders in adolescence. Many validated psychometric tools are available to diagnose individuals with SAD efficaciously. However, there is a demand for shortened self-report instruments that identify adolescents at risk of developing SAD. We validate the Mini-SPIN and its diagnostic efficiency in overcoming this problem in Spanish-speaking adolescents in Spain. Methods The psychometric properties of the 3-item Mini-SPIN scale for adolescents were assessed in a community (study 1) and clinical sample (study 2). Results Study 1 consisted of 573 adolescents, and found the Mini-SPIN to have appropriate internal consistency and high construct validity. Study 2 consisted of 354 adolescents (147 participants diagnosed with SAD and 207 healthy controls). Data revealed that the Mini-SPIN has good internal consistency, high construct validity and adequate diagnostic efficiency. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the Mini-SPIN has good psychometric properties on clinical and healthy control adolescents and general population, which indicates that it can be used as a screening tool in Spanish-speaking adolescents. Cut-off scores are provided.
Properties of Tumor Spheroid Growth Exhibited by Simple Mathematical Models

Solid tumors, whether in vitro or in vivo, are not an undifferentiated mass of cells. They include necrotic regions, regions of cells that are in a quiescent state (either slowly growing or not growing at all), and regions where cells proliferate rapidly. The decision of a cell to become quiescent or proliferating is thought to depend on both nutrient and oxygen availability and on the presence of tumor necrosis factor, a substance produced by necrotic cells that somehow inhibits the further growth of the tumor. Several different models have been suggested for the basic growth rate of in vitro tumor spheroids, and several different mechanisms are possible by which tumor necrosis factor might halt growth. The models predict the trajectory of growth for a virtual tumor, including proportions of the various components during its time evolution. In this paper we look at a range of hypotheses about basic rates tumor growth and the role of tumor necrotic factor, and determine what possible tumor growth patterns follow from each of twenty-five reasonable models. Proliferating, quiescent and necrotic cells are included, along with tumor necrosis factor as a potential inhibitor of growth in the proliferating pool and two way exchange between the quiescent and proliferating pools. We show that a range of observed qualitative properties of in vitro tumor spheroids at equilibrium are exhibited by one particular simple mathematical model, and discuss implications of this model for tumor growth.
River basin organization around the main stem: Scale invariance in tributary branching and the incremental area function

The incremental increase in contributing area along a main stem river, called here the incremental area function (IAF), has direct relevance to the spatial heterogeneity of environmental fluxes (water, sediment, nutrients, etc.) entering the stream from hillslopes and side tributaries. It also dictates, to a large extent, possible ecohydrologic discontinuities or transitions resulting from large tributary contributions. Mathematically, the IAF directly reflects the topological and geometrical structure of the river network and maps the two‐dimensional landscape organization into a one‐dimensional function. In this paper, we use two approaches to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of the IAF. First, we implement a multithreshold decomposition on IAF to study the distribution of distances between tributaries as a function of the imposed threshold contributing area and verify the presence of a simple power law scaling relationship between the threshold and the average distance between tributaries. Second, we use a wavelet‐based multiscale approach and document the presence of statistical self‐affinity (multifractality) in the IAF with a high intermittency coefficient, reflecting the complex arrangement of extreme contributions of different size tributaries. We propose a multiplicative cascade model, parameterized in terms of basin‐specific properties, to statistically simulate the IAF along the main stem. Finally, we point out the relation between the IAF and the widely used width function of a basin and show how the latter can be constructed from the former via a convolution on the self‐similar structure of a tree.
How human capital and social networks may influence the patterns of international learning among academic spin‐off firms*

The extent and background of establishing international knowledge relations among young academic spin-off firms are explored in this paper. Drawing on survey data of 100 of such firms, the influence of human capital and social networks of these firms is examined, alongside their innovation level. International learning is measured in two ways, adoption of the strategy and spatial reach related to this adoption namely, from Europe to worldwide. The paper fits into a stream of research in which it is recognized that new technology-based firms interact both in local knowledge networks and knowledge networks abroad to remain competitive. A majority of the spin-off firms were found to be engaged in international networks and the most powerful influences tended to be the presence of PhD experience and size of the starting team. Social capital released through social networks is a relatively strong influence only in the spatial reach of knowledge relations, supporting the idea that strong social networks form a solid base from which global learning can be undertaken. The implications of the results of this work and future research steps are discussed. Resumen En este articulo se explora el alcance y el contexto a la hora de establecer relaciones de conocimiento internacionales entre empresas derivadas (spin-off) jovenes de caracter academico. Se examina la influencia del capital humano y las redes sociales de este tipo de empresa, junto con su nivel de innovacion, mediante la utilizacion de datos de encuestas de 100 de estas empresas. El aprendizaje a escala internacional se mide de dos maneras, que son la adopcion de la estrategia y el alcance espacial en relacion a dicha adopcion, desde Europa al mundo entero. El articulo se suma a una corriente de investigacion que reconoce que, para poder mantenerse competitivas, las nuevas empresas de caracter tecnologico interactuan tanto en redes de conocimiento locales como en redes de conocimiento en el extranjero. Se encontro que la mayoria de empresas derivadas forman parte de redes internacionales y que el tamano inicial del equipo y el tener experiencia a nivel de doctorado son lo que influye en mayor medida. El capital social que se libera por medio de redes sociales es una influencia relativamente poderosa solamente en cuanto al alcance espacial de las relaciones de conocimiento, lo cual apoya la idea de que unas redes sociales fuertes forman una base solida desde la que se puede acceder a un conocimiento global. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados de este trabajo y de futuras lineas de investigacion.
Variations in biculturalism: Measurement, validity, mental and physical health correlates, and group differences

The goals of the studies reported in this dissertation were to expand on the measurement of Bicultural Identity Integration (BII) and to test BII theory in an ethnically diverse sample of bicultural individuals from different generational groups. BII is an individual difference construct that captures variations in the structure and experience of biculturalism (Benet-Martinez & Haritatos, 2005). In 3 studies, I examined BII using qualitative methods (Study 1) and wrote new BII items based on these qualitative data, examined the quality of the new measure (Bicultural Identity Integration Scale--Version 2 or BIIS-2) using subject-matter experts (Study 2a) and college students (Study 2b), and then collected validation data from bicultural college students ( N = 1049) at a large, public university on the West Coast (Study 3). Results showed that the BIIS-2 yields reliable (.81 n = 240; M = 6.93 days, SD = 0.90 days; Time 1 and Time 2 correlations: .74 r n = 600), confirmatory factor analyses to show that the factor structure fit the data well ( n = 449), and multi-group confirmatory factor analyses to show measurement invariance in two ethnic groups and two generational groups. The data also revealed interesting and important patterns of correlates. Specifically, there were significant and meaningful correlations with personality traits, acculturative stress, and psychological well-being. In addition, path analyses confirmed that in general, personality and acculturation variables influence individuals' perceptions about their dual identities (BII), which in turn influences adjustment, but there were interesting and important generational differences on how these variables are related. These findings lend support for the construct validity of BII, add to our understanding of the social, personality, and adjustment correlates of the bicultural experience, and have important implications for the well-being of bicultural individuals.
Translating WFS Query to SQL/XML Query

The purpose of the WFS specification, proposed by the the OpenGIS Consortium (OGC), is to describe the manipulation operations over geospatial data using GML. Web servers providing WFS service are called WFS Servers. WFS servers publish GML views of geographic features stored in data sources such that the user can query and update data sources through a user defined feature type schema. In this work, we study the problem of answering WFS queries through a feature type schema, when the data is stored in a relational database. A feature type is specified by the feature type schema and a set of correspondence assertions. The feature type's correspondence assertions formally specify relationships between the feature type schema and the relational database schema. We define the semantic for WFS query answering and present an algorithm that translate a WFS query defined over a feature type schema into a SQL/XML query defined over the relational database schema.
Affect, Not Ideology A Social Identity Perspective on Polarization

The current debate over the extent of polarization in the American mass public focuses on the extent to which partisans’ policy preferences have moved. Whereas "maximalists" claim that partisans’ views on policies have become more extreme over time (Abramowitz 2010), "minimalists" (Fiorina and Abrams 2009) contend that the majority of Americans remain centrist, and that what little centrifugal movement has occurred reflects sorting, i.e., the increased association between partisanship and ideology. We argue in favor of an alternative definition of polarization, based on the classic concept of social distance (Bogardus 1947). Using data from a variety of sources, we demonstrate that both Republicans and Democrats increasingly dislike, even loathe, their opponents. We also find that partisan affect is inconsistently (and perhaps artifactually) founded in policy attitudes. The more plausible account lies in the nature of political campaigns; exposure to messages attacking the out-group reinforces partisans’ biased views of their opponents.
(EM) switch: a multi-hypothesis approach to (EM) background modelling

The detection of moving foreground objects is an important aspect of many vision applications, especially those related to video-surveillance. The Expectation Maximisation (EM) algorithm is used in many of such applications to model the background and classify object pixels. In this paper two improvements to the EM algorithm will be given for object detection. First, it will show how to calculate background probabilities instead of binary foregroundbackground classications. These probabilities will be compared to the foreground probabilities. Second, a multi-hypothesis approach will be introduced to decide when to update the model of the background (EMswitch). This way, the model of the background is not disturbed by passing objects. At the same time it gives a accurate description of the background statistics using one or more Gaussian kernels. The standard deviation is estimated more accurately then it would be estimated using an algorithm which only updates the background model for pixels which are classied as depicting background.
Analysis of the Structural Requirements for Lysosomal Membrane Targeting Using Transferrin Receptor Chimeras*

The sorting of membrane proteins to the lysosome requires tyrosine- or dileucine-based targeting signals. Recycling receptors have similar signals, yet these proteins seldom enter the latter stages of the endocytic pathway. To determine how lysosomal and internalization signals differ, we prepared chimeric molecules consisting of the cytoplasmic tails of CD3 γ-chain, lysosomal acid phosphatase, and lysosomal-associated membrane glycoprotein-1, each fused to the transmembrane and extracellular domains of the transferrin receptor (TR). Each chimera was expressed on the cell surface and rapidly internalized. Metabolic pulse-chase experiments showed that the CD3 γ-chain and lysosomal acid phosphatase chimeras, unlike the lysosomal-associated membrane glycoprotein chimera, were rapidly degraded in a post-Golgi compartment following normal glycosylation. Transplantation of signals from CD3 γ-chain and lysosomal acid phosphatase into the TR cytoplasmic tail in place of the native signal, Y20TRF23, indicated that each signal was sufficient to promote endocytosis but not lysosomal targeting of the resulting mutant. Transplantation of two CD3 signals at specific sites in the TR cytoplasmic tail or a single tyrosine-based signal in a truncated TR tail, however, was sufficient to promote lysosomal targeting. Our results therefore suggest that the relative position of the signal within the cytoplasmic tail is a critical feature that distinguishes lysosomal targeting signals from internalization signals.
Technical report on Automatic Identification of Paedophile Keywords Measurement and Analysis of P 2 P Activity Against Paedophile Content project

Accurate and up-to-date knowledge of keywords entered by users who search or provide paedophile content is a key resource for filtering purposes and for monitoring by law enforcement institutions. However, such keywords are often hidden and may change frequently, and our current knowledge about them relies on manual inspection and field expertise. We explore here the possibility to help in improving this situation by applying various keyword analysis methods. Using a large-scale real-world collection of paedophile and non-paedophile file names, we construct lists of keywords suspected to be used as paedophile keywords. We evaluate the relevance and interest of these lists by submitting them to experts, thus showing that automatic approaches are indeed of great interest for this task.
Agonist Antibodies to TNFR Molecules That Costimulate T and NK Cells

Therapy for cancer can be achieved by artificially stimulating antitumor T and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes with agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAb). T and NK cells express several members of the TNF receptor (TNFR) family specialized in delivering a costimulatory signal on their surface. Engagement of these receptors is typically associated with proliferation, elevated effector functions, resistance to apoptosis, and differentiation into memory cells. These receptors lack any intrinsic enzymatic activity and their signal transduction relies on associations with TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) adaptor proteins. Stimulation of CD137 (4-1BB), CD134 (OX40), and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR (GITR; CD357) promotes impressive tumor-rejecting immunity in a variety of murine tumor models. The mechanisms of action depend on a complex interplay of CTL, T-helper cells, regulatory T cells, dendritic cells, and vascular endothelium in tumors. Agonist mAbs specific for CD137 have shown signs of objective clinical activity in patients with metastatic melanoma, whereas anti-OX40 and anti-GITR mAbs have entered clinical trials. Preclinical evidence suggests that engaging TNFR members would be particularly active with conventional cancer therapies and additional immunotherapeutic approaches. Indeed, T-cell responses elicited to tumor antigens by means of immunogenic tumor cell death are amplified by these immunostimulatory agonist mAbs. Furthermore, anti-CD137 mAbs have been shown to enhance NK-mediated cytotoxicity elicited by rituximab and trastuzumab. Combinations with other immunomodulatory mAb that block T-cell checkpoint blockade receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 are also promising. Clin Cancer Res; 19(5); 1044–53. ©2013 AACR.
Simulation of Aerodynamic Divergence and Flutter on Wind Turbines using ANSYS-CFX

The recent development of large wind turbines poses new challenges with regard to understanding the mechanisms surrounding unsteady flow-structure interaction. The larger and more flexible blades imply risks from an aeroelastic point of view and urge the need to properly understand and model these phenomena. Due to limited experimental data available in this field, Computational Fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques provide an invaluable alternative to identify and model aerodynamic and aeroelastic phenomena around the wind blades. The study is part of the coupling between aerodynamic and elastic models of the commercial code CFX with ANSYS, respectively. In this paper we are modeling the aeroelastic divergence. This article presents the the studies aiming at modeling divergence. In this article the results of the divergence modeling using ANSYSCFX will be presented and compared with results from “Jennifer Heeg” [13]. The study is realized on the NACA0012 airfoil for which experimental data are available in literature. The ANSYS workbench is used for the fluid structure interaction to simulate the divergence phenomenon which is a structural response imposed by aerodynamic loads due to transient fluid flow.
Psychohistory Paradox and Introduction to Quantum Social Science

Why would social science need the help from quantum mechanics? First, there are many unanswerable questions in social science. Are financial markets predictable? How to predict the financial markets? These important questions are not answerable in the existing framework of finance or economics. One important paradox in social science is the psychohistory paradox proposed by Asimov. In his novels, Asimov highlighted a paradox of human society: if the future events of a human society are predictable using psychohistory, people could take the advantage of that prediction to prevent the future events from happening, and the original prediction would be proven wrong. The psychohistory paradox is very real and fundamental in the human society. Second, the existing framework of modern physics can neither explain nor predict the human behavior. It is ridiculous and totally unacceptable that the same modern physics, which often boasts about the accurate descriptions and predictions of the tinniest elementary particles to the largest structures of the universe with amazing accuracies, cannot handle the simple human behavior observed in our everyday life. The flaws of the existing framework of modern physics must be fixed. Third, it is the internal logic of science. If the human free will is a quantum phenomenon as many people believe and social science is all about human choices, social science must be a branch of quantum physics. Fourth and last, quantum social science, or psychohistory, brings powerful tools and new insights to social science. Quantum social science can answer all the previously unanswerable fundamental questions in social science, and re-frame every problem in politics, economics, and other social science to be a physics problem. This paper summarizes the logic flow from the creation of JJW interpretation of quantum mechanics and physics laws of social science (PLSS) to their impacts on economics, finance, politics, and other fields of social science, natural science, and theology. Since many applications of PLSS are still unknown, this paper serves as an introduction to quantum social science and its applications. The central ideas of PLSS are very simple, yet it has profound logic consequences on many corners of human knowledge. The primary goal of this paper is to convey the beauty and simplicity of the framework of quantum social science or psychohistory.
Power and Rate Optimisation for Multi-Hop Networks and DF with Incremental Redundancy

Within this paper we address the energy minimisation problem for a multi-hop relay networks where incremental redundancy (or mutual-information accumulation) is used as relaying strategy. The problem is to find optimal power levels and transmit rates, or equivalently optimal power and time slot lengths. First, we explain how the structure can be exploited to solve the problem with numerical optimisation methods. However, this approach is inefficient for larger networks as the number of optimisation parameter increases faster that the number of nodes in the network. Based on the results obtained by the numerical methods, we propose a very efficient resource allocation algorithm whose complexity increases only linearly with the number of nodes. Furthermore, the scheme can be implemented in a distributed way, since only partial channel state information is required for resource allocation at each node.
Purification and properties of a periplasmic D-xylose-binding protein from Escherichia coli K-12.

Escherichia coli contains a cold osmotic shock-releasable binding protein for D-XylOSe which has been purified and characterized. The D-xylose-binding protein has an apparent molecular weight of 37,000 as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. D-Xylose-binding protein has an apparent absolute specificity for D-XYlose and binds one molecule of D-XylOSe per molecule of protein with a Kd of 0.6 PM. The protein exhibits native tryptophan fluorescence (hex 284 nm, he, 345 nm) and a fluorescence enhancement (32%) associated with D-xylose binding which saturates with a Kd of 0.5 PM. DXylose-binding protein does not bind to a Cibacron blue 3FGA affinity column but does interact with a tetraiodofluorescein-agarose affinity column. D-XYlose-binding protein interaction with tetraiodofluorescein, if present, does not produce a red shift in the absorption spectrum of the dye in contrast to the Larabinoseand D-galactose-binding proteins. Tryptophan oxidation with N-bromosuccinimide results in a concomitant drop in xylose binding. D-Xylose-binding protein contains no cysteine and possesses a PI of 7.4.