Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Repair Neurorehabilitation and Neural

Background . Disturbed arm position sense (APS) is a frequent and debilitating condition in patients with hemiparesis after stroke. Patients with neglect, in particular, show a significantly impaired contralesional APS. Currently, there is no treatment available for this disorder. Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) may ameliorate neglect and extinction by activating the thalamocortical network. Objective . The present study aimed to investigate the immediate effects and aftereffects (AEs; 20 minutes) of subsensory, bipolar GVS ( M = 0.6 mA current intensity) on APS in stroke patients with versus without spatial neglect and matched healthy controls. Methods . A novel optoelectronic arm position device was developed, enabling the precise measurement of the horizontal APS of both arms. In all, 10 healthy controls, 7 patients with left-sided hemiparesis and left-spatial neglect, and 15 patients with left hemiparesis but without neglect were tested. Horizontal APS was measured separately for both forearms under 4 experimental conditions (baseline without GVS, left-cathodal/right-anodal GVS, right-cathodal/left-anodal GVS, sham GVS). The immediate effects during GVS and the AEs 20 minutes after termination of GVS were examined. Results . Patients with neglect showed an impaired contralateral APS in contrast to patients without neglect and healthy controls. Left-cathodal/right-anodal GVS improved left APS significantly, which further improved into the normal range 20 minutes poststimulation. GVS had no effect in patients without neglect but right-cathodal/left-anodal GVS worsened left APS in healthy participants significantly. Conclusions . GVS can significantly improve the impaired APS in neglect. Multisession GVS can be tested to induce enduring therapeutic effects.
Entering Stage III. The Convergence of the Stage Hypotheses

There have been a number of theories developed that postulate that information systems develop through predictable stages. If these theories are correct, then they can be useful planning tools. But how do we know until afterward if any of them will prove to be correct? and what good are they if we don’t know until afterward? The answer is of course that we really can’t know absolutely until afterward, BUT there is a very intriguing phenomenon taking place that may give us some confidence in some of our predictions. The major hypotheses about the stages through which information technology will pass, although starting from very different points of view, are all converging on the same conclusion-that we are now at a major transition point, transiting from the second stage of computerized information system development into the third stage. Of course that convergence might possibly of course be only a coincidence, but it is far more likely that it is corroboratory rather than merely coincidental, and that the theories do reflect some underlying reality (Fig. 1). Figure 2 shows how the major stage hypothesis will look if we lay them out side by side. They look like this: By way of clarity and background, it needs to be mentioned that there are two classes of predictive stage hypotheses for information systems. The first class are the life cycle hypotheses that posit that there is a predictable life cycle of development as each major new information technology comes along, word processing, or microcomputers, or CD-ROMS. These are the cyclical or repetitive hypotheses. The second class are the noncyclical nonrepetitive hypotheses that try to predict broad spectrum maturational stages of overall information technology growth. It is this second class of stage hypotheses that are converging.
Optical burst switching (OBS) - a new paradigm for an Optical Internet^{1}

To support bursty traffic on the Internet (and especially WWW) efficiently, optical burst switching (OBS) is proposed as a way to streamline both protocols and hardware in building the future generation Optical Internet. By leveraging the attractive properties of optical communications and at the same time, taking into account its limitations, OBS combines the best of optical circuit-switching and packet/cell switching. In this paper, the general concept of OBS protocols and in particular, those based on Just-Enough-Time (JET), is described, along with the applicability of OBS protocols to IP over WDM. Specific issues such as the use of fiber delay-lines (FDLs) for accommodating processing delay and/or resolving conflicts are also discussed. In addition, the performance of JET-based OBS protocols which use an offset time along with delayed reservation to achieve efficient utilization of both bandwidth and FDLs as well as to support priority-based routing is evaluated.
Effective instruction prefetching in chip multiprocessors for modern commercial applications

In this paper, we study the instruction cache miss behavior of four modern commercial applications (a database workload, TPC-W, SPECjAppServer2002 and SPECweb99). These applications exhibit high instruction cache miss rates for both the L1 and L2 caches, and a sizable performance improvement can be achieved by eliminating these misses. We show that it is important, not only to address sequential misses, but also misses due to branches and function calls. As a result, we propose an efficient discontinuity prefetching scheme that can be effectively combined with traditional sequential prefetching to address all forms of instruction cache misses. Additionally, with the emergence of chip multiprocessors (CMPs), instruction prefetching schemes must take into account their effect on the shared L2 cache. Specifically aggressive instruction cache prefetching can result in an increase in the number of L2 cache data misses. As a solution, we propose a scheme that does not install prefetches into the L2 cache unless they are proven to be useful. Overall, we demonstrate that the combination of our proposed schemes is successful in reducing the instruction miss rate to only 10%-16% of the original miss rate and results in a 1.08X-1.37X performance improvement for the applications studied.
An Approach to the Example-based Consistency Checking of Web Documents

In this paper we present a method for the end-user specification of consistency rules for Web documents. Temporal description logic is used as the internal formalism. It is difficult for an author of a Web document to understand and use a formal logic. Therefore the goal is to develop an intuitive front-end allowing the authors of a document to specify their requirements and constraints at an application-oriented level. To this end we propose a specification-by-example approach.
2-Oxo-2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)ethyl pyrrolidine-1-carbodithioate

There are two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C16H15NO3S2, in which the pyrrolidine rings adopt envelope conformations, with a methylene C atom as the flap. The dihedral angles betweeen the near-planar 2H-chromene ring systems [maximum deviations = 0.0167 (20) and 0.0136 (19) Å] and the pyrrolidine rings (all atoms) are 83.83 (11) and 82.43 (11)°. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur for one of the molecules. Further C—H⋯O links involving both molecules generate a three-dimensional network.
Generalized Core Vector Machines

Kernel methods, such as the support vector machine (SVM), are often formulated as quadratic programming (QP) problems. However, given m training patterns, a naive implementation of the QP solver takes O(m 3) training time and at least O(m2) space. Hence, scaling up these QPs is a major stumbling block in applying kernel methods on very large data sets, and a replacement of the naive method for finding the QP solutions is highly desirable. Recently, by using approximation algorithms for the minimum enclosing ball (MEB) problem, we proposed the core vector machine (CVM) algorithm that is much faster and can handle much larger data sets than existing SVM implementations. However, the CVM can only be used with certain kernel functions and kernel methods. For example, the very popular support vector regression (SVR) cannot be used with the CVM. In this paper, we introduce the center-constrained MEB problem and subsequently extend the CVM algorithm. The generalized CVM algorithm can now be used with any linear/nonlinear kernel and can also be applied to kernel methods such as SVR and the ranking SVM. Moreover, like the original CVM, its asymptotic time complexity is again linear in m and its space complexity is independent of m. Experiments show that the generalized CVM has comparable performance with state-of-the-art SVM and SVR implementations, but is faster and produces fewer support vectors on very large data sets
Interrogating marine virus‐host interactions and elemental transfer with BONCAT and nanoSIMS‐based methods

While the collective impact of marine viruses has become more apparent over the last decade, a deeper understanding of virus-host dynamics and the role of viruses in nutrient cycling would benefit from direct observations at the single-virus level. We describe two new complementary approaches - stable isotope probing coupled with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) and fluorescence-based biorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) - for studying the activity and biogeochemical influence of marine viruses. These tools were developed and tested using several ecologically relevant model systems (Emiliania huxleyi/EhV207, Synechococcus sp. WH8101/Syn1 and Escherichia coli/T7). By resolving carbon and nitrogen enrichment in viral particles, we demonstrate the power of nanoSIMS tracer experiments in obtaining quantitative estimates for the total number of viruses produced directly from a particular production pathway (by isotopically labelling host substrates). Additionally, we show through laboratory experiments and a pilot field study that BONCAT can be used to directly quantify viral production (via epifluorescence microscopy) with minor sample manipulation and no dependency on conversion factors. This technique can also be used to detect newly synthesized viral proteins. Together these tools will help fill critical gaps in our understanding of the biogeochemical impact of viruses in the ocean.
Consensus on current management of endometriosis.

STUDY QUESTION Is there a global consensus on the management of endometriosis that considers the views of women with endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER It was possible to produce an international consensus statement on the current management of endometriosis through engagement of representatives of national and international, medical and non-medical societies with an interest in endometriosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Management of endometriosis anywhere in the world has been based partially on evidence-based practices and partially on unsubstantiated therapies and approaches. Several guidelines have been developed by a number of national and international bodies, yet areas of controversy and uncertainty remain, not least due to a paucity of firm evidence. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A consensus meeting, in conjunction with a pre- and post-meeting process, was undertaken. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A consensus meeting was held on 8 September 2011, in conjunction with the 11th World Congress on Endometriosis in Montpellier, France. A rigorous pre- and post-meeting process, involving 56 representatives of 34 national and international, medical and non-medical organizations from a range of disciplines, led to this consensus statement. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 69 consensus statements were developed. Seven statements had unanimous consensus; however, none of the statements were made without expression of a caveat about the strength of the statement or the statement itself. Only two statements failed to achieve majority consensus. The statements covered global considerations, the role of endometriosis organizations, support groups, centres or networks of expertise, the impact of endometriosis throughout a woman's life course, and a full range of treatment options for pain, infertility and other symptoms related to endometriosis. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This consensus process differed from that of formal guideline development. A different group of international experts from those participating in this process would likely have yielded subtly different consensus statements. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first time that a large, global, consortium, representing 34 major stake-holding organizations from five continents, has convened to systematically evaluate the best available current evidence on the management of endometriosis, and to reach consensus. In addition to 18 international medical organizations, representatives from 16 national endometriosis organizations were involved, including lay support groups, thus generating input from women who suffer from endometriosis.
Evaluating the Data Access Efficiency of Imagine Stream Processor with Scientific Applications

The performance gap between processor and memory keeps expanding and memory access continues to be the crucial bottleneck of program performance. Traditionally, this problem is mitigated with cache technique. Stream processing is another approach that tackles this problem and has shown its effectiveness in reducing the number of memory accesses for media applications. Whether it is effective in reducing the memory traffic of scientific application is a question. This paper tries to investigate this problem. It first comparatively analyzes the memory hierarchy organization and the data access pattern of the Imagine stream processor and conventional cache based processors. Then it performs experiments on Imagine and a contrastive cache based general purpose processor (Intel Pentium M) with five typical scientific programs. The data obtained on two processors are compared against each other, with special focus on data access efficiency. The results show that data traffic between the LRF (local register file) and the SRF (stream register file) are effectively reduced on Imagine. But SRF of Imagine alone can not effectively reduce the number of off-chip memory accesses. Off-chip memory access still accounts for a large fraction of the total runtime on Imagine, as far as the programs are evaluated.
Origins of asymmetry in spin-cast films over topography

A pulsed laser, a microscope, and a 35-mm camera are used to stroboscopically create and image interference fringes around surface features during spin coating. The measured film thickness profiles are compared to predictions from a lubrication model. This model has been extended to two dimensions so that the surface contours around features of any width and length may be calculated, and preliminary results are reported. Profile asymmetry, or 'pile- up,' is caused by surface tension forces near the edges of the feature that accelerate flow where the channel (the film thickness) narrows and retard flow where the film thickness widens.
Aqueous glucose measurement using differential absorption-based frequency domain optical coherence tomography at wavelengths of 1310 nm and 1625 nm

This work presents a combination of differential absorption technique and frequency domain optical coherence tomography for detection of glucose, which is an important analyte in medical diagnosis of diabetes. Differential absorption technique is used to detect glucose selectively in the presence of interfering species especially water and frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FDOCT) helps to obtain faster acquisition of depth information. Two broadband super-luminescent diode (SLED) sources with centre wavelengths 1586 nm (wavelength range of 1540 to 1640 nm) and 1312 nm (wavelength range of 1240 to 1380 nm) and a spectral width of ≈ 60 nm (FWHM) are used. Preliminary studies on absorption spectroscopy using various concentrations of aqueous glucose solution gave promising results to distinguish the absorption characteristics of glucose at two wavelengths 1310 nm (outside the absorption band of glucose) and 1625 nm (within the absorption band of glucose). In order to mimic the optical properties of biological skin tissue, 2% and 10% of 20% intralipid with various concentrations of glucose (0 to 4000 mg/dL) was prepared and used as sample. Using OCT technique, interference spectra were obtained using an optical spectrum analyzer with a resolution of 0.5 nm. Further processing of the interference spectra provided information on reflections from the surfaces of the cuvette containing the aqueous glucose sample. Due to the absorption of glucose in the wavelength range of 1540 nm to 1640 nm, a trend of reduction in the intensity of the back reflected light was observed with increase in the concentration of glucose.
Fast and Precise Sanitizer Analysis with BEK

Web applications often use special string-manipulating sanitizers on untrusted user data, but it is difficult to reason manually about the behavior of these functions, leading to errors. For example, the Internet Explorer cross-site scripting filter turned out to transform some web pages without JavaScript into web pages with valid Java-Script, enabling attacks. In other cases, sanitizers may fail to commute, rendering one order of application safe and the other dangerous. BEK is a language and system for writing sanitizers that enables precise analysis of sanitizer behavior, including checking idempotence, commutativity, and equivalence. For example, BEK can determine if a target string, such as an entry on the XSS Cheat Sheet, is a valid output of a sanitizer. If so, our analysis synthesizes an input string that yields that target. Our language is expressive enough to capture real web sanitizers used in ASP.NET, the Internet Explorer XSS Filter, and the Google AutoEscape framework, which we demonstrate by porting these sanitizers to BEK. Our analyses use a novel symbolic finite automata representation to leverage fast satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solvers and are quick in practice, taking fewer than two seconds to check the commutativity of the entire set of Internet Exporer XSS filters, between 36 and 39 seconds to check implementations of HTMLEncode against target strings from the XSS Cheat Sheet, and less than ten seconds to check equivalence between all pairs of a set of implementations of HTMLEncode. Programs written in BEK can be compiled to traditional languages such as JavaScript and C#, making it possible for web developers to write sanitizers supported by deep analysis, yet deploy the analyzed code directly to real applications.
Pre-oxidation and its effect on reducing high-temperature corrosion of superheater tubes during biomass firing

Superheater tubes in biomass-fired power plants experience high corrosion rates due to condensation of corrosive alkali chloride-rich deposits. To explore the possibility of reducing the corrosion attack by the formation of an initial protective oxide layer, the corrosion resistance of pre-oxidised Al and Ti-containing alloys (Kanthal APM and Nimonic 80A, respectively) was investigated under laboratory conditions mimicking biomass firing. The alloys were pre-oxidised at 900°C for 1 week. Afterwards, pre-oxidised samples, and virgin non-pre-oxidised samples as reference, were coated with a synthetic deposit of KCl and exposed at 560°C for 1 week to a gas mixture typical of biomass firing. Results show that pre-oxidation could hinder the corrosion attack; however, the relative success was different for the two alloys. While corrosion attack was observed on the pre-oxidised Kanthal APM, the pre-oxidised Nimonic 80A remained unaffected suggesting protection of the alloy from the corrosive environment.
A desktop interface over distributed document repositories

The demonstration is devoted to the desktop-level interactions offered by Cador, a content-based document management system currently under development. Cador provides a rule-based language to query and manipulate large collections of documents distributed in repositories. The language is able to define the content of Virtual File Systems (VFS) as views over the document collections. This feature allows users to combine their familiar interface and desktop-based softwares with the powerful search and transformation tools provided by the underlying system. The demonstration shows how VFS views can be created on-demand to present a desktop-based virtual document organization and how standard desktop interactions can be captured and interpreted in terms of document management operations: creation, updates, annotation, derivation of new content thanks to transformation rules, sharing between users, etc. The example application is the management of a large bibliographic database: users can, with a few clicks, organize their bibliographic references, import new references, share them with a group of co-authors and automatically maintain a ready-to-use Bibtex file.
Identification of the binding sites of regulatory proteins in bacterial genomes

We present an algorithm that extracts the binding sites (represented by position-specific weight matrices) for many different transcription factors from the regulatory regions of a genome, without the need for delineating groups of coregulated genes. The algorithm uses the fact that many DNA-binding proteins in bacteria bind to a bipartite motif with two short segments more conserved than the intervening region. It identifies all statistically significant patterns of the form W1NxW2, where W1 and W2 are two short oligonucleotides separated by x arbitrary bases, and groups them into clusters of similar patterns. These clusters are then used to derive quantitative recognition profiles of putative regulatory proteins. For a given cluster, the algorithm finds the matching sequences plus the flanking regions in the genome and performs a multiple sequence alignment to derive position-specific weight matrices. We have analyzed the Escherichia coli genome with this algorithm and found ≈1,500 significant patterns, which give rise to ≈160 distinct position-specific weight matrices. A fraction of these matrices match the binding sites of one-third of the ≈60 characterized transcription factors with high statistical significance. Many of the remaining matrices are likely to describe binding sites and regulons of uncharacterized transcription factors. The significance of these matrices was evaluated by their specificity, the location of the predicted sites, and the biological functions of the corresponding regulons, allowing us to suggest putative regulatory functions. The algorithm is efficient for analyzing newly sequenced bacterial genomes for which little is known about transcriptional regulation.
Single-beam thermal lens measurement of thermal diffusivity of engine coolants

Automobile engine coolant liquids are commonly used for efficient heat transfer from the engine to the surroundings. In this work we have investigated the thermal diffusivity of various commonly available engine coolants in Indian automobile market. We have used single beam laser induced thermal lens technique for the measurements. Engine coolants are generally available in concentrated solution form and are recommended to use at specified dilution. We have investigated the samples in the entire recommended concentration range for the use in radiators. While some of the brands show an enhanced thermal diffusivity compared to pure water, others show slight decrease in thermal diffusivity.