Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with the Employment Status of Handicapped Youth Exiting High School from 1979 to 1983

Factors associated with the employment status of handicapped youth were investigated in a sample of 462 youths from nine Vermont school districts. All students from these districts who exited high school between 1979 and 1983, and who had been receiving special education services, were identified. Interviews were conducted with 301 youths to solicit current employment status, employment and training history, and use of social services. Additional information regarding educational history, age, and community demographics was obtained through individual student records. Employment outcomes were related to secondary vocational and training experiences, controlling for geographic location, gender, and level of functioning. Results indicated that over half the sample were employed; that most of the youths found jobs through the “self-family-friend network”; that part-time or summer work during high school were predictors of percentage of time employed since high school and current wages. These findings were discussed in terms of their implications for researchers, service providers, and policy makers.
DcR3 Protects Islet β Cells from Apoptosis through Modulating Adcyap1 and Bank1 Expression1

The islet primary nonfunction (PNF) is a serious problem in islet transplantation. In this study, we investigated whether DcR3-secreting transgenic (Tg) islets could reduce PNF. We generated Tg mice expressing human DcR3. The transgenically expressed DcR3 protected islets from IFN-γ plus IL-1β- or TNF-α plus IL-1β-induced dysfunction and apoptosis in vitro. The Tg islets presented significantly reduced PNF after transplantation. Mechanistically, in addition to the known FasL apoptotic pathway, components of two other apoptosis pathways, that is, HVEM/LTβR for the LIGHT pathway and DR3 for the TL1A pathway, were found to be expressed in islets. Recombinant LIGHT- and TL1A-induced islet apoptosis in the absence of the FasL/Fas pathway, as well as DcR3, could block such induction. These results for the first time demonstrated that LIGHT and TL1A were capable of inducing islet apoptosis in addition to FasL, while DcR3 protected the islets by blocking all three apoptosis pathways. By DNA microarray analysis, we discovered that Adcyap was up-regulated >700-fold and Bank1 was down-regulated 50-fold in the cytokine-assaulted Tg islets, compared with WT islets. Forced overexpression of Adcyap1 by plasmid transfection or knockdown of Bank1 expression by small interfering RNA in insulinoma NIT-1 cells protected them from cytokine-triggered apoptosis, indicating that indeed DcR3 protects β cells via the action of these two downstream molecules. This study has revealed novel mechanisms by which DcR3 protects islet survival, and it has identified new therapeutic targets of diabetes.
Development of hormone receptors and hormonal responsiveness in vitro. Insulin receptors and insulin sensitivity in the preadipocyte and adipocyte forms of 3T3-L1 cells.

Green and Kehinde (Green, H., and Kehinde, 0. (1974) Cell 1, 113-116; (1975) Cell 5, 19-27; (1976) Cell 7, 105-113) isolated and cloned murine fibroblasts (3T3Ll) which spontaneously generate foci of adipocytes when the cells are maintained at confluence for several weeks. When confluent cultures of 3T3-Ll cells were treated for 48 h with a combination of 0.5 mu methylisobutylxanthine and 0.25 PM dexamethasone, rapid and uniform differentiation was elicited in the absence of added insulin. This new procedure permitted an analysis of insulin binding activity and cellular responsiveness to insulin during adipocyte conversion in vitro. Although preadipocytes possess cell surface receptors for insulin, metabolic sensitivity to physiological concentrations of insulin first appeared 2 to 3 days after the initiation of treatment with dexamethasone and methylisobutylxanthine. Three or four days following the onset of drug treatment, specific insulin binding activity also increased. Four to five days after drug treatment, the cells appeared to be adipocytes by morphological and biochemical criteria and the specific insulin binding was 6to lo-fold greater than in undifferentiated control cells. The insulin receptors in undifferentiated (preadipocyte) and differentiated (adipocyte) forms of 3T3-Ll cells were characterized by equilibrium binding and kinetic measurements. Curvilinear Scatchard plots of equilibrium binding data were resolved into high affinity-low capacity and low affinity-high capacity components. Preadipocytes possess approximately 7,000 high affinity binding sites/cell with a &value of 0.8 nu. During the course of differentiation, the number of high affinity receptor sites rises 35-fold to 250,00O/cell with a concomitant increase in & to 4 nnt. In kinetic studies, association rate constants were estimated to be 4.1 x 10’ min-’ M-I for preadipocytes and 0.7 X 10’ min-’ u-l for adipocytes; first order dissociation rate constants were 0.014 and 0.025 min-’ for preadipocytes and adipocytes, respectively. & vahtes calculated from kinetic studies were in agreement with the equilibrium binding
Studying corona onset characteristics after rime ice accumulation on energized stranded conductors

Rime makes conductor surface extremely rough and it will distort the electric field seriously. Numerous studies on icing conductors has been done but the fact that conductors operating under voltage are always ignored and Aluminum pipes are applied to study the actual conductors. Moreover, no clear information had been obtained into the decrease of regularities of corona onset voltage (COV) after energized icing. Therefore, a series of AC corona tests of charged rime icing had been done in the Multi-functional Climate Chamber. UV imaging technology and I-U curve fitting were applied to measure the COV and the finite element model was established to research field strength after icing. Results show that rime can bring COV down significantly. Ice-tree of rime in various shapes lead to different COV values. Increasing in icing time will raise COV values while the rising speed slowed down gradually. Conductivity has no impact on rime form or COV. The sharper ice-trees are, the more seriously electric field distorted and the lower COV values. This paper can provide information about design of transmission lines in regard to corona losses after icing.
Bayes Approach to the Estimation of Technical Efficiency and Returns to Scale in Agriculture: A Case of Nigeria

Most studies in Nigeria have focused on the classical approach to estimating technical efficiency. In this paper, we examine technical efficiency of small farms by estimating a stochastic production frontier model using the Bayesian methodology. The model is applied to farm household data from Nigeria. The results obtained show that farm size, fertilizer, hired and family labour are positive and significant at 5%. The estimated stochastic frontier function indicates that farms are technically inefficient. Efficiency was found to be positively influenced by the age, gender, education, extension visits and participation in off-farm activities. We also found that the farms in our sample exhibited increasing Returns to Scale. Our findings have significant policy implications as it draws attention to increasing agricultural productivity through improving the existing level of efficiency of small farmers.
High bit rate clock recovery of NRZ data by all-optical processing in a semiconductor optical amplifier and direct optical injection locking of a self-oscillating phototransistor

In this letter, we describe a novel all-optical processing technique of nonreturn-to-zero signals in a semiconductor optical amplifier, which enables spectral enhancement at the bit rate frequency. The processed optical signal is used for direct optical injection locking of an oscillator based on a heterojunction bipolar phototransistor. Clock extraction at 10 Gb/s and potential operation at 40 Gb/s and beyond are demonstrated.
Alterations in atrial perfusion during atrial fibrillation

What is the topic of this review? The topic of this review is the effects of atrial fibrillation (AF) on left atrial perfusion. What advances does it highlight? This review highlights the interplay between AF, ischaemia and fibrosis. Advances in fibrosis detection can better predict AF recurrence and effectiveness of ablative techniques; perfusion abnormalities may hold more clinical relevance than once thought.
A 20 GHz sub-1V low noise amplifier and a resistive mixer in 90 nm CMOS technology

A 20 GHz sub-1 V low noise amplifier and a resistive mixer are designed and fabricated in 90 nm CMOS technology. The LNA achieves a good linearity along with a moderate gain and noise figure. For instance, at 0.9 V supply voltage, 8.8 dB of gain and 5.2 dB of noise figure, as well as 7.0 dBm of IIP3 are obtained. This LNA can work properly even at a supply voltage as low as 0.66 V. It achieves 8.0 dB of gain, 5.3 dB of noise figure, and 3.8 dBm of III3. The DC consumption is 16.8 mW and 11 mW for a supply voltage of 0.9 V and 0.66 V, respectively. This is the first report of a high frequency CMOS LNA operating at such low supply voltage and low DC power dissipation. Moreover, a 20 GHz resistive passive mixer is presented, exhibiting a high IIP3 of 19 dBm, a moderate conversion loss of 7.6 dB, and a low noise figure of 4.35 dB. It consumes no DC power. Thus, these two circuits are suitable to be applied in a high frequency CMOS front-end operating with sub-1 V supply.
A real-time 3D head mesh modeling and expressive articulatory animation system

In view of animated human computer interfaces, this paper proposes a 3D head mesh modeling and expressive articulatory animation system. The appearance mesh model is first reconstructed from multi-view visible images using inter-regional cooperative optimization and depth super-resolution, and the universal internal articulatory mesh is then integrated with the reconstructed appearance mesh by interpolation. After establishing the head mesh model, the anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of articulators are combined to synthesize articulatory animation. The evaluations demonstrate the system can build a realistic and vivid virtual head for animated interface in real-time.
Analysis of the agriculture trade openness impact on the rural household's food consumption in China.

Granted that the traditional measure methods in calculating trade openness always trigger results of singleness and twisted outcomes, the aim of the paper is to recalculate the Chinese produce trade openness after 1978, using new measure methods consisting of the trade reliance and shares. After calculation and contrasting, obvious diff erences have been found between the new and traditional methods. Th e results of the traditional measure methods turn out to be severely underestimated, whereas the new ones are more specifi c to reveal the extent of the Chinese produce trade openness, along with demonstrating the function of the Chinese produce in world trade market. Based on the results, utilizing the panel data, the LA/AIDS model and price elasticity, the paper analyses the changes that rural food prices were infl uenced by the agricultural produce trade openness, and the changes of rural food expenditure and consumption.
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Premenopausal Women: Case Studies

Abstract Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is the most common female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and is thus frequently encountered in the primary care provider and OB/GYN practices. Causes of low sexual desire may be hormonal, neurologic, vascular, psychologic, or a result of illness/surgery or medications. The condition is often left untreated because both women and clinicians feel embarrassed to bring up the topic and believe that there is no available treatment. The use of short, validated questionnaires, such as the Decreased Sexual Desire Screener, to be completed in the waiting room, can open up discussion between provider and patient. In addition, 2 other algorithms are designed for clinicians who are not specifically trained in FSD and can help in diagnosing and managing a broad range of conditions related to FSD. Treatment for low desire consists primarily of patient education and counseling, as well as treatment of underlying comorbid conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, or cancer. While testosterone products are approved in Europe for use in surgically postmenopausal women with HSDD, in the United States, no pharmacologic treatments are approved for the treatment of HSDD or any FSD. Testosterone products are being used off–label, but questions remain about their efficacy and safety in pre– and postmenopausal women. This article gives an overview of HSDD in clinical practice and provides 3 case descriptions to illustrate the treatment of low sexual desire in women with diverse histories.
New Methods for Analysis of Spatial Distribution and Coaggregation of Microbial Populations in Complex Biofilms

ABSTRACT In biofilms, microbial activities form gradients of substrates and electron acceptors, creating a complex landscape of microhabitats, often resulting in structured localization of the microbial populations present. To understand the dynamic interplay between and within these populations, quantitative measurements and statistical analysis of their localization patterns within the biofilms are necessary, and adequate automated tools for such analyses are needed. We have designed and applied new methods for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and digital image analysis of directionally dependent (anisotropic) multispecies biofilms. A sequential-FISH approach allowed multiple populations to be detected in a biofilm sample. This was combined with an automated tool for vertical-distribution analysis by generating in silico biofilm slices and the recently developed Inflate algorithm for coaggregation analysis of microbial populations in anisotropic biofilms. As a proof of principle, we show distinct stratification patterns of the ammonia oxidizers Nitrosomonas oligotropha subclusters I and II and the nitrite oxidizer Nitrospira sublineage I in three different types of wastewater biofilms, suggesting niche differentiation between the N. oligotropha subclusters, which could explain their coexistence in the same biofilms. Coaggregation analysis showed that N. oligotropha subcluster II aggregated closer to Nitrospira than did N. oligotropha subcluster I in a pilot plant nitrifying trickling filter (NTF) and a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), but not in a full-scale NTF, indicating important ecophysiological differences between these phylogenetically closely related subclusters. By using high-resolution quantitative methods applicable to any multispecies biofilm in general, the ecological interactions of these complex ecosystems can be understood in more detail.
The subapical compartment and its role in intracellular trafficking and cell polarity

In polarized epithelial cells and hepatocytes, apical and basolateral plasma membrane surfaces are maintained, each displaying a distinct molecular composition. In recent years, it has become apparent that a subapical compartment, referred to as SAC, plays a prominent if not crucial role in the domain‐specific sorting and targeting of proteins and lipids that are in dynamic transit between these plasma membrane domains. Although the molecular identity of the traffic‐regulating devices is still obscure, the organization of SAC in distinct subcompartments and/or subdomains may well be instrumental to such functions. In this review, we will focus on the potential subcompartmentalization of the SAC in terms of regulation of membrane traffic, on how SAC relates to the endosomal system, and on how this compartment may operate in the context of other intracellular sorting organelles such as the Golgi complex, in generating and maintaining cell polarity. J. Cell. Physiol. 184:151–160, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Nucleus of the Solitary Tract: An Integrating Station for Nociceptive and Cardiorespiratory Afferents

Painful stimuli can evoke dramatic responses in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. We have assessed the role of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in mediating the reflex tachycardia that accompanies somatic nociception. We describe a major role for the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) as a site for integrating nociceptive and cardiorespiratory afferents. Since cardiorespiratory and nociceptive afferents terminate in the NTS, this nucleus offers a powerful opportunity for central modulation. We show that the NTS plays a major role in mediating the reflex tachycardia evoked by somatic noxious stimulation. Similar noxious stimulation attenuates the cardiac component of the peripheral chemoreceptor reflex and inhibits the peripheral chemoreceptor‐evoked excitatory synaptic response of some NTS neurones. The functional interpretation we propose is that by depressing homeostatic reflexes at the NTS, noxious stimulation‐evoked cardiorespiratory changes can be expressed and maintained, which may be essential for the survival of the animal.
Electrically tunable hysteretic photonic gels for nonvolatile display pixels.

Materials that display hysteresis, such as ferromagnetic or ferroelectric materials, have been extensively investigated for their potential engineering applications towards electromagnetic memory devices and switches. While similar hysteretic volume phase transitions are observed in many soft organic materials, including hydrogels and biomaterials, it has not been well exploited but is often considered as problematic because it complicates the calibration procedure and affects signal reproducibility in many conventional applications of hydrogels in sensors and drug delivery. However, such hysteretic volume phase transitions of hydrogels can be utilized in a positive way when they are combined with other functional materials and carefully tuned to exhibit strong bistability. For example, Kim et al. recently reported wet photonic gel memory pixels by combining the hysteresis of hydrogels with photonic crystals. Block copolymer photonic gels consisting of alternating glassy polystyrene (PS) and swellable poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP) gel layers showed pH-dependent photonic stop bands. The optical responses of the photonic gels varied with the direction of pH changes. This hysteretic optical response of photonic gels was able to be tuned and further optimized by controlling ion-pairing affinity between the protonated pyridine groups and their counteranions. Extending the previous work, herein we report electrochemically controllable nonvolatile photonic pixels and their applications towards e-papers. Our approach is clearly different from the nonvolatile photonic ink demonstrated by Ozin and co-workers in the sense of using hydrogel hysteresis instead of using redox reaction of metallopolymers. Electroactive photonic pixels were achieved by coupling the hysteretic optical properties of PS-b-P2VP block copolymer photonic gels to the electrochemical cells, where the pH gradient can be tuned. Similar to other conventional hydrogels, our photonic gels show volume expansion and contraction in response to the applied electric field, and accordingly exhibit various photonic colors. We assumed that electroactive nonvolatile photonic gels can be achieved when the volume transition of gel layers was tuned to exhibit strong hysteresis with changes of electrochemically driven pH gradient. The electroactive photonic pixel comprises a simple electrochemical cell consisting of two transparent electrodes separated by 1 mm thick spacer and electrolytes (Figure 1a). The block copolymer photonic gel films were coated on the working electrode. The block copolymer photonic gel films were prepared as previously described. Briefly, in-plane oriented lamellar films were first prepared by spin casting
Examining the Environmental Effects of Athletic Training: Perceptions of Waste and the Use of Green Techniques.

CONTEXT Environmental sustainability is a critical concern in health care. Similar to other professions, the practice of athletic training necessitates the use of a large quantity of natural and manufactured resources. OBJECTIVE To examine the perceptions of the waste produced by the practice of athletic training and the green practices currently used by athletic trainers (ATs) to combat this waste. DESIGN Mixed-methods study. SETTING Field setting. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 442 ATs completed the study. Sixteen individuals participated in the qualitative portion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Data from sections 2 and 3 of the Athletic Training Environmental Impact Survey were analyzed. Focus groups and individual interviews were used to determine participants' views of waste and the efforts used to combat waste. Descriptive statistics were used to examine types of waste. Independent t tests, χ2 tests, and 1-way analyses of variance were calculated to identify any differences between the knowledge and use of green techniques. Interviews and focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analyzed inductively. RESULTS Participants reported moderate knowledge of green techniques (3.18 ± 0.53 on a 5-point Likert scale). Fifty-eight percent (n = 260) of survey participants perceived that a substantial amount of waste was produced by the practice of athletic training. Ninety-two percent (n = 408) admitted they thought about the waste produced in their daily practice. The types of waste reported most frequently were plastics (n = 111, 29%), water (n = 88, 23%), and paper for administrative use (n = 81, 21%). Fifty-two percent (n = 234) agreed this waste directly affected the environment. The qualitative aspect of the study reinforced recognition of the large amount of waste produced by the practice of athletic training. Types of conservation practices used by ATs were also explored. CONCLUSIONS Participants reported concern regarding the waste produced by athletic training. The amount of waste varies depending on practice size and setting. Future researchers should use direct measures to determine the amount of waste created by the practice of athletic training.
Experience Report: Functional Reactive Programming and the DOM

Web applications are inherently event-driven and traditionally implemented using imperative callbacks in Javascript. An alternative approach for such programs is functional reactive programming (FRP). FRP offers abstractions to make event-driven programming convenient, safe and composable, but like pure functions it is isolated from the 'outside' world. In this paper we describe our experience in developing a library that binds FRP to the document object model (DOM). We describe that in its current state there are fundamental issues that do not yet have a perfect solution. We expand upon the functionality of existing FRP DOM libraries with an FRP model for DOM properties. We show that despite of some design problems a pragmatic library can be created that can be used to create web applications.