Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gastric Cancer With Primitive Enterocyte Phenotype: An Aggressive Subgroup of Intestinal-type Adenocarcinoma

A primitive cell-like gene expression signature is associated with aggressive phenotypes of various cancers. We assessed the expression of phenotypic markers characterizing primitive cells and its correlation with clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics in gastric cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of a panel of primitive phenotypic markers, including embryonic stem cell markers (OCT4, NANOG, SALL4, CLDN6, and LIN28) and known oncofetal proteins (AFP and GPC3), was performed using tissue microarray on 386 gastric cancers. On the basis of the expression profiles, the 386 tumors were clustered into 3 groups: group 1 (primitive phenotype, n=93): AFP, CLDN6, GPC3, or diffuse SALL4 positive; group 2 (SALL4-focal, n=56): only focal SALL4 positive; and group 3 (negative, n=237): all markers negative. Groups 1 and 2 predominantly consisted of intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, including 13 fetal gut-like adenocarcinomas exclusively in group 1. Group 1 was significantly associated with higher T-stage, presence of vascular invasion and nodal metastasis when compared with groups 2 and 3. Group 1 was associated with patients’ poor prognosis and was an independent risk factor for disease-free survival. Group 1 showed frequent TP53 overexpression and little association with Epstein-Barr virus or mismatch repair deficiency. Further analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas data set validated our observations and revealed that tumors with primitive phenotypes were mostly classified as “chromosomal instability” in the Cancer Genome Atlas’ molecular classification. We identified gastric cancer with primitive enterocyte phenotypes as an aggressive subgroup of intestinal-type/chromosomal instability gastric cancer. Therapeutic strategies targeting primitive markers, such as GPC3, CLDN6, and SALL4, are highly promising.
On digit-recurrence division implementations for field programmable gate arrays

The flexibility of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can provide arithmetic-intensive programs with the benefits of custom hardware but without the high cost of custom silicon implementations. Efficient mappings are key to fast arithmetic implementations on FPGAs. A process for developing such mappings with lookup table based FPGAs is explored. The development process is illustrated with SRT division and the Xilinx XC4010 FPGA. With this mapping process a linear sequential array design that avoids the common problem of large fanout delay in the critical path is created. This approach has a cycle time that is independent of precision, yet it requires approximately the same number of logic blocks as a conventional implementation. <<ETX>>
Improved image interpolation using bilateral filter for weighted least square estimation

New edge-directed interpolation (NEDI) consists two steps. The two steps are parameter and data estimation. The second step can be replaced by a recently proposed technique called soft-decision to consider the consistency of image structure during this data estimation. The original idea of both steps is to assume equal variances for all estimation errors, such that an ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator can be used. Due to the existence of noise, different object layers, changing in image structures, different spatial distance to the missing data, etc, we observe that the estimation errors of data samples have unequal variances. Hence, a weighted least square (WLS) estimator should be used for both steps. The bilateral filter, which can accurately remove noise and preserve image structure, has been used to model successfully the weights of squared residuals, such that we can apply it to both steps of the estimation. Experimental results show that the average PSNR of this improved interpolation method is 0.47 dB and 0.23 dB higher than two similar approaches, NEDI and Soft-decision Adaptive Interpolation (SAI) using 24 natural images from Kodak. The subjective results show improvement as well.
Automatic RTL Test Generation from SystemC TLM Specifications

SystemC transaction-level modeling (TLM) is widely used to enable early exploration for both hardware and software designs. It can reduce the overall design and validation effort of complex system-on-chip (SOC) architectures. However, due to lack of automated techniques coupled with limited reuse of validation efforts between abstraction levels, SOC validation is becoming a major bottleneck. This article presents a novel top-down methodology for automatically generating register transfer-level (RTL) tests from SystemC TLM specifications. It makes two important contributions: i) it proposes a method that can automatically generate TLM tests using various coverage metrics, and (ii) it develops a test refinement specification for automatically converting TLM tests to RTL tests in order to reduce overall validation effort. We have developed a tool which incorporates these activities to enable automated RTL test generation from SystemC TLM specifications. Case studies using a router example and a 64-bit Alpha AXP pipelined processor demonstrate that our approach can achieve intended functional coverage of the RTL designs, as well as capture various functional errors and inconsistencies between specifications and implementations.
Learning user interest for image browsing on small-form-factor devices

Mobile devices which can capture and view pictures are becoming increasingly common in our life. The limitation of these small-form-factor devices makes the user experience of image browsing quite different from that on desktop PCs. In this paper, we first present a user study on how users interact with a mobile image browser with basic functions. We found that on small displays, users tend to use more zooming and scrolling actions in order to view interesting regions in detail. From this fact, we designed a new method to detect user interest maps and extract user attention objects from the image browsing log. This approach is more efficient than image-analysis based methods and can better represent users' actual interest. A smart image viewer was then developed based on user interest analysis. A second experiment was carried out to study how users behave with such a viewer. Experimental results demonstrate that the new smart features can improve the browsing efficiency and are a good compliment to traditional image browsers.
Seungnoidan increases cerebrocortical ATP and acetylcholine contents in ovariectomized rats

This study investigated the effects of Seungnoidan (SND), which has been widely used as a remedy for cerebroneuronal diseases in Korean folk medicine, on the cerebrocortical adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and acetylcholine (ACh) contents in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Female Sprague‐Dawley rats were ovariectomized and maintained for 12 weeks to deplete ovarian steroid hormones, followed by oral administration of SND at 500 mg/kg/day for 14 weeks. SND markedly attenuated the high rate of body weight increase in OVX rats, and also reduced the decline of cerebral weight caused by ovariectomy (p < 0.05). Superfusion of SND at 50 mg/kg signiﬁcantly increased the rate of cerebral blood ﬂow, but did not change the mean arterial blood pressure. Deprivation of ovarian steroid hormones signiﬁcantly decreased the cerebral ATP, choline and ACh contents, and these reductions were reduced by treatment of OVX rats with SND (p < 0.01). Additionally, SND also signiﬁcantly elevated the cerebral choline acetyltransferase activities reduced by OVX (p < 0.01). Taken together, these results suggest that the pharmacological properties of SND may be implicated in the improvement of metabolic pathways of cerebral energy and cholinergic neurotransmitter function induced by deprivation of ovarian steroid hormones, and SND may be a promising herbal remedy for treatment of cerebral dysfunctions including dementia. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adiposity and Cardiovascular Disorders: Disturbance of the Regulatory System Consisting of Humoral and Neuronal Signals

Obesity, a major healthcare issue, is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidities, including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Numerous intensive studies conducted this decade have revealed that adipose tissue is a major endocrine organ that secretes a variety of bioactive substances, termed adipocytokines. Adipocytokine secretion profiles are altered as obesity develops, which may increase the risk of obesity-related cardiovascular disorders. For instance, leptin is upregulated in obese subjects and plays important roles in the pathophysiology of obesity-related atherogenesis through multiple mechanisms, such as its proliferative, proinflammatory, prothrombotic, and prooxidant actions. In contrast, adiponectin, which is downregulated in obese subjects, has protective effects against cardiovascular disorders at various atherogenic stages. In addition to these factors secreted by adipose tissue, neuronal circuits involving autonomic nerves are now being recognized as an important metabolic regulatory system and have thus attracted considerable attentions. Alterations in fat accumulation in intraabdominal organs, such as visceral adipose tissue and the liver, send afferent neuronal signals to the brain, leading to modulation of sympathetic tonus and thereby affecting the vasculature. Moreover, these humoral and neuronal signaling pathways communicate with each other, resulting in cooperative metabolic regulation among tissues/organs throughout the body. Further elucidation of these regulatory systems is anticipated to lead to new approaches to devising therapeutic strategies for the metabolic syndrome.
The Changing Story of Ethnography

Ethnography is a practice and an expression with a capacious historical past that necessarily includes philosophical, political, spiritual, and aesthetic elements. These elements have at times defined cultures, named people, and told them who they are and what they might become. In short, ethnography grew out of a master discourse of colonization. Today, scholars question the legitimacy of that discourse (Ellis and Bochner, 1996; Burawoy, et al., 1991; Clair, 1998; Clifford and Marcus, 1986; Denzin, 1997; Denzin and Lincoln, 1994; Van Maanen, 1995; Wolf, 1992). These challenges have come at a time that may mean the demise of ethnography. At the very least and without a doubt, the days of naive ethnography are over; if indeed, they ever truly existed. However, it may be somewhat premature to pronounce a requiem for ethnography, as alternative forms of writing culture continue to surface. A review of the history of ethnography should help to place ethnography in its political terrain, set the stage for discussions of alternative perspectives, and provide a backdrop for the essays included in this collection.
Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce Let's Move to " Universal Corporate Governance Theory " Sheila Nu Nu Htay Assistant Professor and Programme Coordinator at Iium Institute of Islamic Banking and Finance, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Corporate governance theories, namely the agency theory, stewardship theory and stakeholder theory, have been used in developing the best practices of corporate governance. However, corporate scandals leading to the downfall of financial giants such as Enron and WorldCom in 2003 and the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 have revealed serious inadequacies in the effectiveness of corporate governance. Therefore, these governance failures motivate the researchers to revisit and evaluate corporate governance theories from the ethical point of view. The main aim of this study is to propose " The Universal Corporate Governance Theory " which is developed based on the ethical teachings of Christians, Judaism, Islam, Sikh, Hinduism and Buddhism. It is expected that this ethical based theory will be applicable and acceptable for all types of organizations at any space and time. It is also believed that if the top corporate players are molded by this proposed theory, it will bring the social and economic justice what we are dreaming to achieve. Our proposed Universal Corporate Governance Theory is " Corporate players must be responsible and accountable in discharging their duty to achieve socio economic justice " .
Amplitude Phase Shift Keying Constellation Design and its Applications to Satellite Digital Video Broadcasting

Konstantinos P. Liolis1, Riccardo De Gaudenzi2, Nader Alagha3, Alfonso Martinez4, and Albert Guillen i Fabregas5 1Space Hellas S.A. , R&D and Applications Division, 312 Messogion Ave., 153 41, Athens, Greece 2,3European Space Agency (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, P.O. Box 299, 2200 AG, Noordwijk, The Netherlands 4Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Science Park 123, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 5University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Trumpington Street, CB2 1PZ, Cambridge, UK
Human factors in automatic image retrieval system design and evaluation

Image retrieval is a human-centered task: images are created by people and are ultimately accessed and used by people for human-related activities. In designing image retrieval systems and algorithms, or measuring their performance, it is therefore imperative to consider the conditions that surround both the indexing of image content and the retrieval. This includes examining the different levels of interpretation for retrieval, possible search strategies, and image uses. Furthermore, we must consider different levels of similarity and the role of human factors such as culture, memory, and personal context. This paper takes a human-centered perspective in outlining levels of description, types of users, search strategies, image uses, and human factors that affect the construction and evaluation of automatic content-based retrieval systems, such as human memory, context, and subjectivity.
The search for an organizing physical framework for statistics

The search for an organizing physical framework for statistics Colin LaMont Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Paul Wiggins Department of Biophysics Theories of statistical analysis remain in conflict and contradiction. But nature reveals an elegant and coherent formulation of statistics in the thermal properties of physical systems. Demanding that a viable statistical theory share the properties of a viable physical theory—observer independence and coordinate invariance—resolves outstanding controversies in statistical model selection. Furthermore, by using constructions taken directly from thermodynamics, a predictive approach to model selection can be reconciled with a Bayesian approach to parameter uncertainty. This approach also solves the longstanding problem of the undetermined Bayesian prior.
The Effect of Nonaudit Services on the Pricing of Audit Services

An improved catalyst composition for carbonylating olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon monoxide and a hydroxylic compound comprises a zero-valent palladium or platinum complex incorporating stabilizing phosphine ligands, and excess ligand. Use of these catalyst compositions results in a high ratio of straight-chain to branch-chain product when employed in the carbonylation of alpha olefins to produce carboxylic acids, esters or acid anhydrides.
Cultivating Imagination: Development and Pilot Test of a Therapeutic Use of an Immersive Virtual Reality CAVE

As informatics applications grow from being data collection tools to platforms for action, the boundary between what constitutes informatics applications and therapeutic interventions begins to blur. Emerging computer-driven technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and mHealth apps may serve as clinical interventions. As part of a larger project intended to provide complements to cognitive behavioral approaches to health behavior change, an interactive scenario was designed to permit unstructured play inside an immersive 6-sided VR CAVE. In this pilot study we examined the technical and functional performance of the CAVE scenario, human tolerance of immersive CAVE experiences, and explored human imagination and the manner in which activity in the CAVE scenarios varied by an individual's level of imagination. Nine adult volunteers participated in a pilot-and-feasibility study. Participants tolerated 15 minute long exposure to the scenarios, and navigated through the virtual world. Relationship between personal characteristics and behaviors are reported and explored.
Dexamphetamine boosts naming treatment effects in chronic aphasia

To date, minimal research has investigated the effect of combining dexamphetamine with standard naming therapy after stroke. The present study used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple baseline, crossover design with two individuals in the chronic stage of stroke recovery. Each individual attended two 4-week blocks of naming therapy (two to three treatment sessions per week). Dexamphetamine (10 mg) was administered at the start of each session during one therapy block, while a placebo was administered during the other therapy block. Therapy progress on treated and untreated items was assessed by a confrontation naming task during and after each therapy block. Both individuals showed greater progress in therapy and maintenance of therapy gains when behavioral treatment was combined with dexamphetamine rather than placebo, although this gain was only statistically significant in one individual. There was no significant improvement on a control task (nonword reading) in either individual. The results provide preliminary evidence that dexamphetamine paired with combined semantic and phonological therapy may be beneficial for the treatment of naming disorders in chronic aphasia. (JINS, 2007, 13, 972–979.)
Solving the flow shop problem by parallel tabu search

We present a parallel tabu search algorithm for the permutation flow shop sequencing problem with the objective of minimizing the flowtime. We propose a neighbourhood using so-called blocks of jobs on a critical path and a backtrace jump method. By computer simulations it is shown that the performance of the proposed algorithm is comparable with the random heuristic technique discussed in literature. Another interesting property is the fact that the speedup of parallel implementation is equal or even greater than p, where p is the number of processors.
High prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in children with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome)

Although carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common compressive neuropathy seen in the upper extremity of adults, it is rarely seen in children. Several reports have shown that mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome), a rare genetic disorder, is one of the causes of CTS in children. Usual symptoms of CTS are pain, weakness, and paresthesias in the hand and digits. However, the diagnosis of CTS in Hunter syndrome is often delayed or unrecognized because of atypical symptoms and cognitive impairment. Here, we report the prevalence, clinical manifestation, and nerve conduction profiles of CTS in 45 Hunter syndrome patients. The mean age of the study participants was 117.1 (74.9) months (range: 4–408 months); all patients were male. Forty‐three (96.0%) of the 45 patients with Hunter syndrome had CTS. Bilateral CTS was observed in all patients; 73 (82.0%) of the patients' hands had severe degree of CTS. Intriguingly, in contrast with other nerve velocities, decreases in forearm conduction velocities of the median nerve were observed in 28 (31.5%) of 89 hands with CTS. There was a significant difference in age (P < 0.001) between hands with normal, mild, moderate, and severe grades of CTS. The compound muscle action potential and sensory nerve action potential amplitudes of the median nerves decreased with age (CMAP, r = −0.526, P < 0.001; SNAP, r = −0.564, P < 0.001). Early recognition and intervention to ameliorate the symptoms of CTS are important in improving the quality of life of Hunter syndrome patients. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EXECUTIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS AND EATING BEHAVIOR

Eating disorders, such as anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder, commonly involve a dysregulation of behavior (e.g., a lack or excess of inhibition and impulsive eating patterns) that is suggestive of prefrontal dysfunction. Functional neuro-imaging studies show that prefrontal-subcortical systems play a role in eating behavior and appetite in healthy individuals, and that people with eating disorders have altered activity in these systems. Eating behavior is often disturbed by illnesses and injuries that impinge upon prefrontal-subcortical systems. This study examined relationships between executive functioning and eating behavior in healthy individuals using validated behavioral rating scales (Frontal Systems Behavior Scale and Eating Inventory). Correlations demonstrated that increased dysexecutive traits were associated with disinhibited eating and greater food cravings. There was also a positive association with cognitive restraint of eating, suggesting that increased compensatory behaviors follow disinhibited eating. These psychometric findings reinforce those of other methodologies, supporting a role for prefrontal systems in eating
Poststroke Epilepsy Is Associated With a High Mortality After a Stroke at Young Age: Follow-Up of Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke Patients and Unelucidated Risk Factor Evaluation Study

Background and Purpose— Poststroke epilepsy is a common complication after a young stroke. We investigated the association between poststroke epilepsy and mortality. Methods— We performed a prospective cohort study among 631 patients with a first-ever transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke, aged 18 to 50 years. Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard analysis were used to estimate cumulative mortality and hazard ratios for patients with and without epilepsy. Results— After mean follow-up of 12.5 years (SD 8.6), 76 (12.0%) developed poststroke epilepsy. Case fatality was 27.4% for patients with poststroke epilepsy and 2.1% for those without. Poststroke epilepsy was associated with 30-day mortality (hazard ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.7–14.0) and long-term mortality (hazard ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–2.9). Conclusions— Epilepsy is a common problem after a young stroke and is associated with an increased short-term and long-term mortality.
Homozygous Status for HLA-E*0103 Confers Protection from Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Transplant-Related Mortality in HLA-Matched Sibling Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Background. The posttransplant period following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is potentially high risk for developing survival-compromising complications, many of which are known to be under the control of immunogenetic factors. Given the dual role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E molecules in innate and adaptive immune processes, we analyzed the impact of HLA-E polymorphism in genoidentical HSCT setting. Methods. We analyzed 187 HLA-genoidentical sibling pairs for HLA-E polymorphism. To explore its potential association with the incidence of acute and chronic graft versus host disease (aGVHD, cGVHD), severe infections, risk for transplant-related mortality (TRM), and overall survival, HLA-E locus was genotyped by a polymerase chain-reaction-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) strategy. Results. Multivariate analysis, taking into account the patient-, donor- and transplant-related factors, showed that the incidence of aGVHD and TRM at day 180 were low when the genotype was HLA-E*0103/E*0103, either in the donor or in the recipient, the pairs being identical for HLA-E alleles (hazard ratio [HR]=0.71, P=0.009; and HR=0.42, P=0.04, respectively). We also found a trend towards association between E*0103 homozygosity and improved survival (P=0.05). There was no association between HLA-E polymorphism and incidence of severe infections. Conclusions. These data suggest that the homozygous state for HLA-E*0103 allele behaves as a protective genetic factor against aGVHD and TRM and likely contributes to improved survival in HLA-genoidentical bone marrow transplantation.