Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Improved Pneumatic Frequency Control for Superconducting Cavities

The ATLAS (Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System) superconducting cavities use a pneumatic system to maintain the cavity eigenfrequency at the master oscillator frequency [1]. The present pneumatic slow tuner has a limitation in the tuning slew rates. For some resonators, the frequency slew rate is as low as 30 Hz/sec. The total tuning range for ATLAS cavities varies from 60 kHz to as high as 450 kHz depending on the cavity type. With the present system, if a cavity is at the extreme end of its tuning range, it may take an unacceptable length of time to reach the master oscillator frequency. We have designed a new slow tuner system that increases the frequency slew rates by a factor of three hundred. This improved system is directly applicable for use on RIA (Rare Isotope Accelerator) cavities. This paper discusses the design of the system and the results of a prototype test.
Spectral region optimization for Raman-based optical biopsy of inflammatory lesions.

OBJECTIVE The biochemical alterations between inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) and normal tissues of buccal mucosa were probed by using the FT-Raman spectroscopy technique. The aim was to find the minimal set of Raman bands that would furnish the best discrimination. BACKGROUND Raman-based optical biopsy is a widely recognized potential technique for noninvasive real-time diagnosis. However, few studies had been devoted to the discrimination of very common subtle or early pathologic states as inflammatory processes that are always present on, for example, cancer lesion borders. METHODS Seventy spectra of IFH from 14 patients were compared with 30 spectra of normal tissues from six patients. The statistical analysis was performed with principal components analysis and soft independent modeling class analogy cross-validated, leave-one-out methods. RESULTS Bands close to 574, 1,100, 1,250 to 1,350, and 1,500 cm(-1) (mainly amino acids and collagen bands) showed the main intragroup variations that are due to the acanthosis process in the IFH epithelium. The 1,200 (C-C aromatic/DNA), 1,350 (CH(2) bending/collagen 1), and 1,730 cm(-1) (collagen III) regions presented the main intergroup variations. This finding was interpreted as originating in an extracellular matrix-degeneration process occurring in the inflammatory tissues. The statistical analysis results indicated that the best discrimination capability (sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 100%) was found by using the 530-580 cm(-1) spectral region. CONCLUSIONS The existence of this narrow spectral window enabling normal and inflammatory diagnosis also had useful implications for an in vivo dispersive Raman setup for clinical applications.
A comparison of goodness of fit tests for the logistic GEE model

Generalized estimating equations have become a popular regression method for analysing clustered binary data. Methods to assess the goodness of fit of the fitted models have recently been developed. However, evaluations and comparisons of these methods are limited. We discuss these methods and develop two additional statistics to evaluate goodness of fit. We evaluate the performance of each of the statistics with respect to type I error rates and power in a simulation study. Guidance is provided regarding appropriate use of the statistics under various scenarios. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The position/force control with self-adjusting select-matrix for robot manipulators

In order to do the complex contact task, the robot manipulator must have the force control ability. In this paper, we propose a new method to control the compliant motion of robot manipulator: the position/force control with self-adjusting select-matrix. This method not only uses force information in feedback loop, but also uses it in the select matrix, to let controller automatic switch between the force control mode and position control mode. Thus, this method has the advantage of accurate hybrid control results, as well as the advantage of impedance control for not using the explicit switch between the force control mode and position control mode. Experimental results verify the theory and confirm the effectiveness of the method.
The amino acid sequence of component 7c, a type II intermediate-filament protein from wool.

Component 7c is one of the four homologous type II intermediate-filament proteins that, by association with the complementary type I proteins, form the microfibrils or intermediate filaments in wool. Component 7c was isolated as the S-carboxymethyl derivative from Merino wool and its amino acid sequence was determined by manual and automatic sequencing of peptides produced by chemical and enzymic cleavage reactions. It is an N-terminally blocked molecule of 491 residues and Mr (not including the blocking group) of 55,600; the nature of the blocking group has not been determined. The predicted secondary structure shows that component 7c conforms to the now accepted pattern for intermediate-filament proteins in having a central rod-like region of approximately 310 residues of coiled-coil alpha-helix flanked by non-helical N-and C-terminal regions. The central region is divided by three non-coiled-coil linking segments into four helical segments 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B. The N-and C-terminal non-helical segments are 109 and 71 residues respectively and are rich in cysteine. Details of procedures use in determining the sequence of component 7c have been deposited as a Supplementary Publication SUP 50152 (65 pages) at the British Library Document Supply Centre, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1989) 257,5. The information comprises: (1) details of chemical and enzymic methods used for cleavage of component 7c, peptides CN1, CN2 and CN3, and various other peptides, (2) details of the procedures used for the fractionation and purification of peptides from (1), including Figures showing the elution profiles from the chromatographic steps used, (3) details of methods used to determine the C-terminal sequence of peptide CN3, and (4) detailed evidence to justify a number of corrections to the previously published sequence.
The Meningioma 1 (MN1) Gene is an Independent Poor Prognostic Factor in Adult Egyptian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients

Aim: To determine the prognostic importance of meningioma 1 (MN1) gene expression levels in the context of other predictive markers for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. Methods: MN1 expression was measured in 85 newly diagnosed adults younger than 60 years by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: At diagnosis 67.4% of cases had elevated MN1 expression, this being associated with a worse prognosis, higher incidence of lymphadenopathy and CD34 transcript expression (p=0.02 and <0.001, respectively). No other molecular or clinical characteristics were significantly associated with MN1expression. Patients with high MN1 expression had lower complete response rate at day 15 compared to patients with low MN1 expression (p=0.09) and a significantly higher relapse rate (21.1% versus 7.7%, respectively, p=0.04). Patients with high MN1 expression had shorter TTP compared to those with low expression, p= 0.07. Conclusion: MN1 expression may predict outcome in AML patients. The MN1 gene and micro RNA expression suggest a biological feature that could be used as therapeutic targets.
Behavior and Transport of Microbial Pathogens and Indicator Organisms in Soils Treated with Organic Wastes

In a critical review of pathogen and indicator-organism transformations and transport from land areas receiving organic wastes, microbial die-off was described assuming first-order kinetics. First-order die-off rate constants (k) were calculated from the literature data for various pathogens and indicator organisms. For indicator organisms average die-off rates were 1.14 day⁻¹ (0.08–9.1) for fecal coliforms, and 0.41 day⁻¹ (0.05–3.87 day⁻¹) for fecal streptococci. For pathogens, the average die-off rates were 1.33 day⁻¹ (0.21–6.93) for Salmonella, 0.68 day⁻¹ (0.62–0.74 day–¹) for Shigella sp. , and 1.45 day⁻¹ (0.04–3.69 day⁻¹) for viruses, respectively. Die-off rates increased approximately two times with a 10°C rise in temperature (5–30°C). Microbial die-off increased with decrease in soil moisture and was minimum in a pH range of 6–7. Correction factors were presented to adjust the k values for the changes in temperature, moisture, and pH. Retention of pathogens and indicator organisms by soil particles was described assuming a linear isotherm. Retention of microorganisms increased with an increase in clay content of the soil. Major transport processes reviewed were leaching and surface runoff for land areas receiving animal wastes, and pastures and rangeland watersheds where animals distribute waste directly on the land. Some of the important research needs identified include (i) mechanisms involved in the retention of bacteria and viruses by the soil; (ii) measurement of retention coefficients for some important pathogens and indicator organisms, as a function of physico-chemical properties of soil; (iii) processes involved in the transport of bacteria and viruses along with the percolating water or in runoff water; and (iv) extensive testing of available models.
Portable microsensors based on individual SnO2 nanowires

Individual SnO2 nanowires were integrated in suspended micromembrane-based bottom-up devices. Electrical contacts between the nanowires and the electrodes were achieved with the help of electron- and ion-beam-assisted direct-write nanolithography processes. The stability of these nanomaterials was evaluated as function of time and applied current, showing that stable and reliable devices were obtained. Furthermore, the possibility of modulating their temperature using the integrated microheater placed in the membrane was also demonstrated, enabling these devices to be used in gas sensing procedures. We present a methodology and general strategy for the fabrication and characterization of portable and reliable nanowire-based devices.
A survey and open issues of jammer localization techniques in wireless sensor networks

Jamming sensor attacks localization is a significant area that acquires considerable research interest. This interest is expected to grow further with the prolifiration of wireless sensor network applications due to the physical share environment. Jamming attacks emitting a radio frequency signals by the adversaries and impact the wireless sensor network localization tactic. Also the jamming attacks are discovering swiftly techniques in a wide range of the intrusion in the wireless sensor network communications. Meanwhile the detection and localization of the jammer is being absolutely indispensable concern. This paper provides an overview of the jammer sensor localization techniques in wireless sensor networks and analyze the challenges in this field. The survey targets an important but mostly untouched open research issues in the future works.
Komplexitätsreduzierte neuronale Netze zur Offboard-Diagnostik in Fahrzeugsystemen / Tobias Carsten Müller

Neue innovative Diagnostikverfahren werden notwendig, um die stetig komplexer werdenden Fahrzeuge zukunftig noch warten zu konnen. Bereits seit einigen Jahren werden umfangreich Daten von Reparaturfallen aus den Servicewerkstatten aufgezeichnet, die bisher jedoch nicht automatisiert fur Diagnostikverfahren genutzt werden. Grunde hierfur sind u.a. die Art und die mangelnde Qualitat der zur Verfugung stehenden Daten, die eine grose Herausforderung fur ein Lernsystem darstellen. Im Rahmen eines Kooperationsprojektes mit der Volkswagen AG und der TU Braunschweig wurde ein Offboard-Diagnostik-Konzept entwickelt, welches in einem automatisierten Prozess aus aufgezeichneten Reparaturfallen lernt und das erlernte Wissen zur Unterstutzung der Fehlersuche in den Servicewerkstatten zur Verfugung stellt. Hierfur werden neuronale Netze, kombiniert mit einem neuen Konstruktions- und Lernverfahren zur schrittweisen Erweiterung des Losungsraumes verwendet. Zur Evaluierung wurde ein Prototyp implementiert der mit Daten aus einigen zehntausend realen Reparaturfallen trainiert wurde. Die Experimente haben gezeigt, dass ein solcher Ansatz bereits mit den zur Verfugung stehenden Daten gute Ergebnisse liefert.
Source Apportionment of PM10 and PM25 in Five Chilean Cities Using Factor Analysis

ABSTRACT Chile is a fast-growing country with important industrial activities near urban areas. In this study, the mass and elemental concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were measured in five major Chilean urban areas. Samples of particles with diameter less than 10 um (PM10) and 2.5 um (PM2.5) were collected in 1998 in Iquique (northern Chile), Valparaiso, Vina del Mar, Rancagua (central Chile), and Temuco (southern Chile). Both PM10 and PM25 annual mean concentrations (PM10: 56.9-77.6 u,g/m3; PM25: 22.4-42.6 u.g/m3) were significantly higher than the corresponding European Union (EU) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) air quality standards. Moreover, the 24-hr PM10 and PM25 U.S. standards were exceeded infrequently for some of the cities (Rancagua and Valparaiso).
Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) modulates NF-kappaB pathway and AKT expression in the liver of rats fed on a high-fat diet

Abstract To investigate the effect of Yerba Mate (YM) aqueous extract intake on the NF-kB pathway and AKT expression in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue of rats submitted to a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Wistar rats were fed a control (CON) (n = 24) or a HFD (n = 24) for 12 weeks. Afterwards, rats received YM daily (1 g/kg body weight) for 4 weeks. Intake of YM aqueous extract reduced body weight gain (p < 0.05) and total blood cholesterol (p < 0.05) in the HFD group in comparison to the non-treated HFD group. HFD group demonstrated an increased glycemic response at 5 and 10 min after insulin injection. YM decreased the ratio between phosphorylated and total kinase inhibitor of κB (IKK), increased the ratio of phosphorylated to total form of protein kinase B (AKT) and reduced NF-κB phosphorylation in the liver of the HFD group. Our data suggest a beneficial role of YM in improving metabolic dysfunctions induced by HFD.
Clinical Use of the Partial Saturation and Saturation Recovery Sequences in MR Imaging

The partial saturation (PS) (90°-data collection) and saturation recovery (SR) [(90o-dephase)n-90°-data collection] sequences are described. The early data collection of the PS sequence is of value in demonstrating tissues with a short T2 such as articular cartilage and the annulus fibrosus. The PS sequence also highlights flow and this may provide specific information in vascular lesions. Appropriate choice of echo time enables chemical shift effects to be seen in normal tissues such as breast and bone marrow as well as a variety of diseases such as bone marrow infiltration, pancreatitis, and fatty infiltration of the liver in which there is mixed lipid and water. The SR sequence can be used to control How effects as well as to calculate values of Tl. Although PS and SR sequences display less TI and T2 dependent contrast than conventional highly Tl and T2 dependent inversion recovery and spin echo sequences, they may still be of clinical value when the mechanism of contrast formation is change in proton density, chemical shift effects. How effects, or detection of short T2 tissue components.
Neurotensin regulates DARPP‐32 Thr34 phosphorylation in neostriatal neurons by activation of dopamine D1‐type receptors

Neurotensin modulates dopaminergic transmission in the nigrostriatal system. DARPP‐32, a dopamine‐ and cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein of Mr 32 kDa, is phosphorylated on Thr34 by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase, resulting in its conversion into a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase‐1 (PP 1). Here, we examined the effect of neurotensin on DARPP‐32 Thr34 phosphorylation using mouse neostriatal slices. Neurotensin stimulated DARPP‐32 Thr34 phosphorylation by 4–7‐fold with a K0.5 of ∼50 nm. The effect of neurotensin was antagonized by a combined neurotensin receptor type‐1 (NTR1)/type‐2 (NTR2) antagonist, SR142948. It was not antagonized by a NTR1 antagonist, SR48692 or by a NTR2 antagonist, levocabastine; neither was it antagonized by the two combined. Pretreatment with TTX or cobalt abolished the effect of neurotensin. The effect of neurotensin was antagonized by a dopamine D1 antagonist, SCH23390, and by ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists, MK801 and CNQX. These results indicate that neurotensin stimulates the release of dopamine from nigrostriatal presynaptic terminals in an NMDA receptor‐ and AMPA receptor‐dependent manner, leading to the increase in DARPP‐32 Thr34 phosphorylation. Neurotensin stimulated the phosphorylation of Ser845 of the AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit in wild‐type mice but not in DARPP‐32 knockout mice. Thus, neurotensin, by stimulating the release of dopamine, activates the dopamine D1‐receptor/cAMP/PKA/DARPP‐32/PP 1 cascade.
Cellular localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS‐1) in the human and rat retina

The neuronal form of nitric oxide synthase (NOS‐1) has been localized to several cell types in the retinas of experimental animals; however, localization in the human retina has not been definitive. By using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we have compared the cellular expression and localization of NOS‐1 in the rat and human retinas. In both rat and human retinas, NOS‐1 is expressed in the inner segments of photoreceptors, cells in the inner nuclear layer, particularly amacrine cells, and retinal ganglion cells. In human cones, NOS‐1 is abundantly present in the outer segments. In the rat, optic nerve transection caused a loss of cells that were positive for NOS‐1 in the ganglion cell layer. Although a retinal ganglion cell localization has not been reported consistently in the literature, our data clearly localize NOS‐1 to the retinal ganglion cells of the rat and human retinas. J. Comp. Neurol. 416:269–275, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A simple, fluorescent method to internally label platelets suitable for physiological measurements

Current methods for studying platelet survival in vivo are limited by the use of radioisotopes, with their inherent safety and regulatory concerns, systemic drug administrations that produce biochemical modifications of platelet functions, or external labeling techniques, which may produce artifacts due to surface modifications. For these reasons, we sought to develop a simple, nonisotopic method for labeling platelets internally, thereby producing platelets more likely to have in vivo properties equivalent to native cells. Murine platelets in protein‐free buffer were fluorescently labeled internally by incubation with 2.5 μM 5‐chloromethyl fluorescein diacetate (CMFDA), and without washing, were injected into mice for platelet survival studies. CMFDA‐labeled platelets were unactivated, as shown by minimal P‐selectin expression. When tested in vitro for function by aggregometry, the response of CMFDA‐labeled platelets to collagen and thrombin was identical to that of unlabeled platelets. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that CMFDA platelets were an intensely stained, unimodal population that was completely separated from unlabeled platelets. The mean half‐life of labeled platelets in the murine circulation was 37.5 ± 4.5 hr (±1 SD), and the mean survival time was 3.1–3.3 days (n = 24), similar to results reported using 51Cr and 111In. No evidence of in vivo transfer of dye from labeled platelets to unlabeled cells was observed. CMFDA produces a population of platelets that are nonradioactively, internally labeled with a highly fluorescent, stable product. The labeled platelets function equivalently to native platelets, as demonstrated by immunocytometry and aggregometry, and importantly, in vivo, by normal platelet survival. Am. J. Hematol. 56:17–25, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An ovenized CMOS-MEMS oscillator with isothermal resonator and sub-mW heating power

This work reports an ultra-low-power temperature-compensated CMOS-MEMS oscillator based on an uniform temperature design that ensures low temperature gradient of the proposed resonator to attain high frequency stability. The oven heating efficiency greater than 140°C/mW is achieved in this work by a proper thermal isolation design. In addition, the lowest temperature coefficient of frequency (TCf) of 2.84 ppm/°C is also accomplished through a passive temperature compensation scheme. The performance of the ovenized oscillator is evaluated by Allan deviation where the frequency instability of 95 ppb / 32 ppb is characterized for the oven on/off conditions, respectively, which is on par with state-of-the-art silicon-based MEMS oscillators.
Phase II, randomized trial comparing bevacizumab plus fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) with FU/LV alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

PURPOSE This phase II trial investigated the safety and efficacy of two doses of bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor, plus fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) versus FU/LV alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred four previously untreated patients with measurable metastatic colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to one of the following three treatment groups: 36 to FU (500 mg/m(2))/LV (500 mg/m(2)) alone, 35 to FU/LV + low-dose bevacizumab (5 mg/kg every 2 weeks), and 33 to FU/LV + high-dose bevacizumab (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks). FU/LV was given weekly for the first 6 weeks of each 8-week cycle. RESULTS Compared with the FU/LV control arm, treatment with bevacizumab (at both dose levels) plus FU/LV resulted in higher response rates (control arm, 17%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 7% to 34%; low-dose arm, 40%, 95% CI, 24% to 58%; high-dose arm, 24%, 95% CI, 12% to 43%), longer median time to disease progression (control arm, 5.2 months, 95% CI, 3.5 to 5.6 months; low-dose arm, 9.0 months, 95% CI, 5.8 to 10.9 months; high-dose arm, 7.2 months, 95% CI, 3.8 to 9.2 months), and longer median survival (control arm, 13.8 months; 95% CI, 9.1 to 23.0 months; low-dose arm, 21.5 months, 95% CI, 17.3 to undetermined; high-dose arm, 16.1 months; 95% CI, 11.0 to 20.7 months). After cross-over, two of 22 patients had a partial response to bevacizumab alone. Thrombosis was the most significant adverse event and was fatal in one patient. Hypertension, proteinuria, and epistaxis were other potential safety concerns. CONCLUSION The encouraging results of this randomized trial support further study of bevacizumab 5 mg/kg plus chemotherapy as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer.