Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A generic model of consistency guarantees for replicated services

High availability, scalability, and reliability of services can be provided by replication. However, distributed systems suffer from network partitioning, which reduces availability and/or consistency. The choice between availability and consistency boils down to distinguishing between pessimistic and optimistic approaches to replication. This paper proposes a new model of coexistence of pessimistic and optimistic replication, enabling the user to balance between availability and consistency. In this approach a client can decide on the degree of optimism appropriate for the application. This is achieved by specifying operation modes which are intended to describe client expectations.
White Noise Generalization of the Clark-Ocone Formula Under Change of Measure

We prove the white noise generalization of the Clark-Ocone formula under change of measure by using Gaussian white noise analysis and Malliavin calculus. Let W(t) be a Brownian motion on the filtered white noise probability space (Ω, ℬ, {ℱ t }0≤t≤T , P) and let be defined as , where u(t) is an ℱ t -measurable process satisfying certain conditions for all 0 ≤ t ≤ T. Let Q be the probability measure equivalent to P such that is a Brownian motion with respect to Q, in virtue of the Girsanov theorem. In this article, it is shown that for any square integrable ℱ T -measurable random variable, where 𝔼 Q is the expectation under Q and D · F(ω) is the (Hida) Malliavin derivative. The important point in this settlement is F does not have to be in stochastic Sobolev space 𝔻1, 2 ⊂ L 2(P). This makes the formula more useful in applications of finance. As an example, the replicating portfolio for a digital option with the payoff χ[K, ∞) W(T) ∉ 𝔻1, 2 is calculated by using this generalized Clark-Ocone formula under change of measure.
Differentiation among Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex by Molecular and Biochemical Features: Evidence for Two Pyrazinamide-Susceptible Subtypes ofM. bovis

ABSTRACT The variations in biochemical as well as molecular characteristics among several members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex that are not M. tuberculosis have been assessed to facilitate an unambiguous species identification. Altogether, 96M. tuberculosis complex strains including 52 M. bovis isolates and 44 M. africanum isolates were analyzed by spoligotyping. The strains could be clustered into five spoligotype groups. All M. bovis isolates showed the typical absence of the spacers 39 to 43 and typical biochemical properties. However, within these strains we found a group of strains that had a spoligotype pattern which is clearly defined by the additional absence of spacers 3 to 16 and that were uncommonly susceptible to pyrazinamide (PZA). This spoligotype pattern has previously been described as being typical for a caprine genotype because of its predominant isolation from sheep and goats. Due to the clinical importance of PZA resistance, we propose two M. bovis subtypes: M. bovis subtype bovis, which is resistant to PZA, and M. bovis subtypecaprae, which is susceptible to PZA. Two additional strains that clustered in group 3 showed biochemical and genetic properties typical for M. bovis and were also sensitive to PZA; thus, they may represent a third PZA-susceptible M. bovissubtype. The M. africanum isolates could be clustered into two spoligotype groups which can be differentiated from M. bovis by hybridization to spacers 39 to 43. These groups correspond to the previously described M. africanumsubtypes I and II and can be clearly distinguished from each other by spoligotyping and resistance to thiophen-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide. Our results demonstrate that spoligotyping is a useful tool for differentiation of M. bovis and M. africanum. Moreover, we describe two PZA-susceptible M. bovis subtypes and describe a method that facilitates an unambiguous differentiation of the two M. africanum subtypes.
El problema de la Reputación Online y Motores de Búsqueda: Derecho al Olvido

Este articulo fundamenta un analisis del Reglamento Europeo de Proteccion de Datos aprobado por el Parlamento Europeo que entro en vigor el 25 de mayo de 2016 sobre el Derecho al Olvido. El articulo presenta un analisis de la actual situacion de los motores de busqueda en Espana y la Union Europea y, en concreto Google. Analizamos estadisticas de uso y busquedas a nivel europeo que contrastan la relevancia del sector de los motores de busqueda con la normativa vigente de tratamiento de datos personales, proteccion de datos e indexabilidad en Internet.
Performance of reduced-complexity multi-channel equalizers for underwater acoustic communications

Underwater acoustic telemetry in shallow water environments is difficult due to large delay spreads, rapid fading, and reverberation clutter. Development of usable array equalizers remains an ongoing effort in the community. We evaluate three block-adaptive multichannel equalizer architectures that are effective for the underwater channel. These use a finite-window least squares (LS) approach for estimating both channel and equalizer. The channel identification model is constructed by decision-direction. The three equalizer designs are based on criteria of MMSE, zero-forcing, and space-time matched filtering justified by passive phase conjugation (PPC, or time-reversal mirror) theory. This architecture avoids committing to temporal parameter correlation models inherent in standard RLS adaptation methods. Robust numerical linear algebra technology (algorithm LSQR) iteratively solves the large linear systems involved. The performance evaluation compares MSE of the three equalizers in context of the adaptive architecture under channel estimation errors. We show an exact MSE expression for PPC equalization that includes channel identification error. The evaluations are based on data from underwater acoustic telemetry experiments made in Puget Sound, Seattle.
Deep Context Modeling for Semantic Segmentation

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have been employed in many computer vision tasks with great success due to their robustness in feature learning. One of the advantages of DCNNs is their representation robustness to object locations, which is useful for object recognition tasks. However, this also discards spatial information, which is useful when dealing with topological information of the image (e.g. scene parsing, face recognition). Adopting graphical models (GMs) to incorporate spatial and contextual information into the DCNNs is expected to improve the performance of DCNN-based computer vision tasks. Recent research has shown that combining DCNNs and Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) can significantly improve scene parsing accuracy. This is achieved either through the combination of their independent outputs or through their application as a cascade. In this work, we propose a novel strategy to incorporate CRFs deeper inside DCNNs by modeling a CRF as a DCNN layer which is pluggable into any layer of a DCNN. This implants spatial and contextual information into the DCNN, allowing end-to-end training, better controlling the spatial constraints and improving segmentation accuracy. The new strategy for coupling graphical models with the state-of-the-art fully convolutional neural network has shown promising results on the PASCAL-Context dataset.
NECESSITY AND USABILITY ISSUES FOR CANCER CARE

This paper discusses on usability issues pertaining to an interactive system that supports communication among cancer community, called cancer care system (CCS). The initiative was accelerated after an investigation involving patients, caregivers, and medical practitioners found that their communication needs supports from a tool that enables them to participate privately. The CCS was designed and developed using usercentered design (UCD) approach. Most design and development activities involve observation and user participation; hence this study collects rich data on usability issues sensitive to the users. In the end, this paper outlines the usability issues to be addressed when designing such interactive communication support.
Induction of translatable mRNA for dopa decarboxylase in Drosophila: an early response to ecdysterone.

Ecdysteroid titer and dopa decarboxylase (aromatic-L-amino-acid carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.28) activity were determined throughout the life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster. Five peaks in the amount of hormone were observed, which preceeded five dopa decarboxylase peaks by times ranging from 5 to 58 hr. Late in the third instar the hormone and enzyme maxima are nearly coincident. The increase in enzyme activity observed at this time is paralleled by an increase in translatable dopa decarboxylase mRNA. To obtain evidence that ecdysterone induces the appearance of this mRNA we made use of the temperature-sensitive ecd1 mutant. Garen et al. [Garen, A. , Kauvar, L. & Lepesant, J.-A. (1977) Proc. Natl, Acad. Sci. USA 74, 5099-5103] have shown that when third instar mutant larvae are kept at 29 degrees C, the ecdysteroid titer remains low. In such larvae we show that the normal increase in dopa decarboxylase activity fails to appear, and no translatable dopa decarboxylase mRNA can be detected. Exogenous feeding of ecdysterone to these larvae results in a rapid synthesis of dopa decarboxylase in the epidermal cells. In addition, a parallel increase in translatable dopa decarboxylase mRNA occurs, which may be a primary response of these target cells to ecdysterone.
A push-pull converter based BD-IPT system for wireless grid integration of EVs

A low cost push-pull converter based bi-directional inductive power transfer (BD-IPT) system suitable for wireless integration of electric vehicles (EVs) with the utility grid is presented. The proposed system has a number of advantages over traditional BD-IPT systems, due mainly to its inherent ability to maintain zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation over a wide range of operating conditions. The operating principles of the push-pull converter based BD-IPT system, which uses DD-type magnetic pads, is discussed and the behavior under varying spatial displacements between the pads is investigated. The viability of the proposed BD-IPT system is verified through simulations of a 3.7 kW system and, results are compared with a traditional parallel tuning BD-IPT system, to show that it is efficient and can maintain ZVS under all operating conditions; thus providing a low cost and simple solution for wireless grid integration of single or multiple EVs.
Seeds in Chernobyl: the database on proteome response on radioactive environment

Two serious nuclear accidents during the last quarter century (Chernobyl, 1986 and Fukushima, 2011) contaminated large agricultural areas with radioactivity. The database “Seeds in Chernobyl” (http://www.chernobylproteomics.sav.sk) contains the information about the abundances of hundreds of proteins from on-going investigation of mature and developing seed harvested from plants grown in radioactive Chernobyl area. This database provides a useful source of information concerning the response of the seed proteome to permanently increased level of ionizing radiation in a user-friendly format.
What is the speed of link between aboveground and belowground processes?

Stabilizing selection on genome size in a population of Festuca pallens under conditions of intensive intraspeciﬁc competition. New Phytologist 187 : 1195–1204. the currently is at this stage. Clever experiments to be designed to test the hypo-thesis of pressure waves vs the allocation of assimilated molecules feeding soil respiration. We also emphasize that a physiological and biogeochemical basis is to the time that passes between photosynthesis and respiration – the ‘speed of link’ – so that we understand the degree of coupling between aboveground and belowground processes as well as their response to environmental stress.
Noninvasive monitoring of intra-abdominal pressure by measuring abdominal wall tension.

BACKGROUND Noninvasive monitoring of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) by measuring abdominal wall tension (AWT) was effective and feasible in previous postmortem and animal studies. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of the AWT method for noninvasively monitoring IAP in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS In this prospective study, we observed patients with detained urethral catheters in the ICU of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital between April 2011 and March 2013. The correlation between AWT and urinary bladder pressure (UBP) was analyzed by linear regression analysis. The effects of respiratory and body position on AWT were evaluated using the paired samples t test, whereas the effects of gender and body mass index (BMI) on baseline AWT (IAP<12 mmHg) were assessed using one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS A total of 51 patients were studied. A significant linear correlation was observed between AWT and UBP (R=0.986, P<0.01); the regression equation was Y=-1.369+9.57X (P<0.01). There were significant differences among the different respiratory phases and body positions (P<0.01). However, gender and BMI had no significant effects on baseline AWT (P=0.457 and 0.313, respectively). CONCLUSIONS There was a significant linear correlation between AWT and UBP and respiratory phase, whereas body position had significant effects on AWT but gender and BMI did not. Therefore, AWT could serve as a simple, rapid, accurate, and important method to monitor IAP in critically ill patients.
Investigation of the putative virulence gene magA in a worldwide collection of 495 Klebsiella isolates: magA is restricted to the gene cluster of Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule serotype K1.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a well-known opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial infections such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia and septicaemia (Podschun & Ullmann, 1998). In recent years, a high incidence of communityacquired K. pneumoniae pyogenic liver abscess with a high mortality rate has been reported, especially from Taiwan, andmore sporadic cases have been reported from other Asian countries, Europe and North America (Wang et al., 1998; Fung et al., 2002; Okano et al., 2002; Rahimian et al., 2004; Fang et al., 2005). Most recently, K. pneumoniae was reported as the most common organism isolated from pyogenic liver abscesses in two independent USA studies (Rahimian et al., 2004; Lederman & Crum, 2005). Although diabetes mellitus is considered an important risk factor, approximately half the cases occur in otherwise healthy people. Moreover, severe metastatic infections including endophthalmitis and meningitis occur more frequently in patients infected with K. pneumoniae than in patients with liver abscess of other aetiological origins (Wang et al., 1998; Yang et al., 2004).
Concept and Validation of a Fully Automated Photocatalytic Test Setup

Photocatalytic activity can be studied by several methods, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. To study photocatalytic activity in an easy, user-friendly, and realistic way, a completely new setup has been built. The setup is modularly constructed around Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy at the heart of it, resulting in great versatility. Complementary software has been written for automatic control of the setup and for processing the generated data. Two pollutants, oil and n-octane, are tested to validate the performance of the setup. These validation experiments confirm the usefulness and added value of the setup in general and of the FTIR detection methodology as well. It becomes clear that a system of online measurements with good repeatability, accuracy, and user-friendliness has been created.
Predation intensity of molluscan death assemblages in the Persian (Arabian) Gulf

Die Analyse von Bohrlochern ist eine weit verbreitete Methode um Rauber-Beute Interaktionen zu bewerten. Bislang kann in der wissenschaftlichen Fachliteratur, trotz diverser Artikel, keine Studie gefunden werden, fur die Proben in potentiell kontaminierten Bereichen genommen wurden. Daher habe ich untersucht ob Olplattformen Pradationsmuster von Mollusken beeinflussen konnen. Hierzu wurden Stichproben von benthischen Lebensgemeinschaften aus dem Sublittoral des subtropischen Persischen Golfes genommen. Ich habe die Auswirkungen moglicher Einflusse untersucht, etwa Umweltfaktoren wie Substratbeschaffenheit, Wassertiefe, Zusammensetzung der Lebensgemeinschaft und Merkmale wie Lebensweise (Epi- und Infauna) oder Grose der Schale (nur in der Gezeitenzone). Zuletzt, habe ich analysiert, ob Bivalvenarten haufiger am Rand oder in der Mitte der Schale angebohrt wurden. Die Stichprobengebiete befanden sich neben der beiden Olplattformen in Umm al Dalkh (UA) und Zakum (ZK), im sudlichen Persischen (Arabischen) Golf, vor der Kuste der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate. Zusatzlich wurde eine unberuhrte Gezeitenzone beprobt um Pradation in unterschiedlichen Lebensraumen vergleichen zu konnen. Hierzu wurden Bohrlocher in Molluskenschalen untersucht um Bohrfrequenz (Drilling Frequency, DF) und Beuteerfolg (Prey Effectiveness, PE) zu ermitteln. DF gibt Aufschluss uber die Anzahl der Individuen mit Bohrlochern in einer Probe und PE zeigt die Fahigkeit der Beute den Angriffen des Pradators zu widerstehen. Die Bohrfrequenz im Sublittoral (DF = 12.5%) war hoher als in der Gezeitenzone (DF = 2.1%). In beiden Lebensraumen wurden Gastropoden (Sublittoral: 21.6%; Gezeitenzone: 5.1%) haufiger bebohrt als Bivalven (Sublittoral: 8.6%; Gezeitenzone: 0.5%). Es wurden keine Unterschiede in den Rauber-Beute Beziehungen ermittelt die auf die Prasenz von Olplattformen zuruckgefuhrt werden konnten. Auch fur andere Umweltfaktoren, wie Wassertiefe oder Substratbeschaffenheit, konnten keine Zusammenhange mit dem Vorhandensein von Bohrlochern gefunden werden. Auserdem hatte der Lebensstil, ob Epi- oder Infauna, keine Bedeutung fur das Ausmas der Pradation. Die Grose der Schale hatte in zwei Fallen einen Einfluss auf die Pradationshaufigkeit, denn es wurden kleinere Individuen haufiger erbeutet wurden als grosere. In den funf weiteren untersuchten Arten war jedoch kein Zusammenhang auszumachen. Im Sublittoral konnte auch die Struktur der Lebensgemeinschaften betrachtet werden. Hierbei hatten jedoch weder Artenreichtum, Abundanz, noch die Evenness (Ausgeglichenheit) einen groseren Einfluss auf die Bohrfrequenz oder den Beuteerfolg. Zuletzt wurden im Sublittoral alle Bivalvenfamilien haufiger in der Mitte der Schale angebohrt, jedoch in der Gezeitenzone war kein Trend auszumachen.
STUDIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF LIGHT ACTION. IV. LIGHT ENHANCEMENT OF AUXIN-INDUCED GROWTH IN GREEN PEAS.

In the first paper of this series (3), it was demonstrated that the auxininduced growth in length of sub-apical sections of etiolated pea stems -is greatly inhibited by light. This light-growth inhibition was subsequently (1, 2) interpreted in terms of a riboflavin-sensitized photoinactivation of indoleacetic acid (IAA). Such an interpretation derives support from the fact that light, concurrent with its inhibition of growth, increases the rate of disappearance of IAA from the external medium. In the course of similar experiments with stem sections of light-grown peas, we noticed that light enhances, rather than inhibits, the auxin-induced growth. This response was unexpected and of such great magnitude that it was considered desirable to investigate it more fully. The present paper describes the phenomenon in some detail and presents an explanation of it which seems consistent with all the facts at our disposal. The simple section growth test herein described may, incidentally, be of some use to those interested in utilizing green tissues for auxin or herbicide studies.
A dual-band rejection UWB antenna using EBG

This paper demonstrates a novel technique for notching WiMAX and WLAN frequency bands by means of slotted electromagnetic band-gap(EBG) structure. The proposed EBG structure provides two band rejection characteristics by means of utilizing both left-handed properties of mushroom structure and on the other hand by taking the advantage of longitudinal current flow over the slotted EBG structure. The two demonstrated notch bands can be controlled by mushroom geometry parameters and also they are independent of the initial antenna design.
TESTE DE ENVELHECIMENTO ACELERADO PARA AVALIAÇÃO DO VIGOR DE LOTES DE SEMENTES DE Sebastiania commersoniana (Baill.) Smith & Downs (BRANQUILHO) – EUPHORBIACEAE

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estabelecer uma metodologia específica para a condução do teste de envelhecimento acelerado para lotes de sementes de Sebastiania commersoniana. Para tanto, foram utilizados três lotes de sementes acondicionadas em embalagens de vidro, pano e plástico, e armazenadas por seis meses, em bancada de laboratório. No teste de envelhecimento acelerado (EA), foram estudados os períodos de envelhecimento de 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas, a 42 e 45 ºC. O teste de EA foi conduzido pelo método gerbox. O envelhecimento das sementes foi feito em câmaras modelo jaqueta d’água. Após cada período de envelhecimento, as sementes foram submetidas ao teste de germinação, em quatro repetições de 25 sementes, avaliando a porcentagem e o índice de velocidade de germinação. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 3 x 6, para cada temperatura. As médias entre os lotes foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, e o comportamento de cada lote foi analisado por regressão polinomial. O período de envelhecimento recomendado para o branquilho é de 96 horas a 45 ºC.
A Systematic Literature Review of Constraint-Based Innovations: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

The past two decades have seen a tremendous growth in innovation processes conceived under scarcity conditions with special focus on emerging markets and bottom of the pyramid (BOP) customers. However, evolving literature in this field has unfortunately resulted in a multitude of innovation approaches leading to terminology confusion and fragmented literature. Hence, this study is an attempt to systematically organize and synthesize the research on innovation approaches originated in, for or from emerging markets. An extensive systematic review of the existing literature is carried out to investigate the progress of prior research, and to use the insights to define future research pathways. This review is primarily based on the most frequently used innovation approaches, especially frugal innovation, jugaad, disruptive innovation, Gandhian innovation, catalytic innovation, indigenous innovation, bricolage, blowback innovation, trickle-up innovation, resource-constrained innovation, and BOP innovation. Our analysis finds growing standardization in terminology usage and increasing emphasis on “bottom-up” and structured innovation approaches. De-emphasizing the role of technology transfers and spillovers from the West, the findings exhibit increasing applications of these innovations beyond emerging markets to wider markets. Our research results also shed light on the evolution of the topic and instigate further research explorations in the direction of analyzing the user adoption of these constraint-based innovations and understanding the influence of new technological advancements, such as the Internet, mobile telecommunications, and Web 2.0 on the innovation process, with a special focus on the service industry.