Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Running head : THE GENERATION GAME The Generation Game : Parenting & Child Outcomes in Second Generation South Asian Immigrant Families in Britain

Despite much research being conducted around identity and acculturation, immigrant groups are often lumped together according to ethnicity with broad policy recommendations collectively applied to them. The role of generational status is frequently ignored. This paper reveals findings from an in-depth interview and questionnaire based assessment of parenting quality and parent-child relationships, child psychological adjustment and contextual factors in 90 second-generation Indian, Pakistani and White British mothers with 5-7-year-old children living in minority dense urban areas of the UK. The analysis aimed to understand second generation parenting in more depth and to explore similarities and differences between the three British-born groups. Standardised interviews and questionnaires were used to quantitatively measure parenting and child adjustment across a number of constructs. The study found positive levels of child adjustment across all groups. Similarities were found between family types for some aspects of parenting quality. Identified differences were generally reflected between the Pakistani and White mothers, with the Indian mothers lying between the two, including child supervision and discipline, levels of religiousness and ethnic identity (all higher in the Pakistani group). The current findings relating to second-generation mothers and their children did not support the negative assumptions which are often associated with ethnic minority families. The findings also increase understanding of effective parenting processes across different ethnic groups.
Produção de evocações e reconhecimentos falsos em 100 listas de palavras associadas portuguesas

O paradigma DRM tem sido usado de forma intensa na producao de ilusoes de memoria em contexto laboratorial a partir de materiais tao simples quanto o sao listas de palavras associadas a um item critico. O objectivo deste artigo e o de apresentar os indices de evocacao falsa e reconhecimento falso para 100 listas de palavras portuguesas criadas a partir de uma tarefa de producao de associados (Albuquerque, 2001). Os participantes deste estudo foram estudantes universitarios portugueses que realizaram o procedimento criado por Roediger e McDermott (1995, experiencia 1). Os resultados, a semelhanca do que acontece noutras linguas, revelam que as percentagens de falsa evocacao e falso reconhecimento produzidas atraves do paradigma sao muito robustas (30% e 59%, respectivamente).
Optimal gardening strategies: Maximizing the input and retention of water in prehistoric gridded fields in north central New Mexico

Optimization models have been widely employed in evolutionary ecological approaches to the archaeological record to explain spatial and temporal variation in foraging strategies. They have been less commonly used to explain variation in the morphology and location of agricultural field systems. Using energy as a currency, the paper employs optimization principles to explain the morphology and location of Pueblo IV gridded field systems in the northern Rio Grande Valley of northern New Mexico. Results of analyses indicate that feature and landscape attributes interacted to maximize water input in the form of snow, and minimize loss of water through drainage, evaporation and run-off. Results additionally indicate that features were constructed to the dimensions required to control the sizes of the water inputs which could be reasonably be expected in the span of one year. In particular, cobble borders are of appropriate height and spacing to increase moisture input during all but the largest snowfalls, and mulch is of appropriate thickness to control the input of the most intense rainfall that can be expected to fall in a single year. These results suggest that gridded plot siting and design comprised an optimal solution to the need to maximize the input of water and yet minimize the investment required for construction. Principles of gridded plot placement and design specification identified in this study define a set of criteria by which early Pueblo farmers could make informed decisions that affected both plot efficiency and labor investment.
OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE PLANNING FOR REDUNDANT MANIPULATOR BASED ON VARIATIONAL METHOD

Original scientific paper To reduce the excessive joints movement, this paper proposed a new obstacle avoidance method for a redundant manipulator. In this method, we designed the performance evaluation functional to realize the shortest joints motion path of manipulator, and deduced the gradient vector optimizing index by variational method to make the joint movement minimum during obstacle avoiding. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the obstacle avoidance algorithm failure or joints exceeding their limits, which arose from the great difference between least-norm solution and homogeneous solution of velocity inverse kinematics of the manipulator, this paper used 2-norm continuous function to adjust homogeneous solution factor of gradient projection method dynamically. To verify the validity of the proposed obstacle avoidance method in the paper, simulation experiments were conducted on a 7-DOF redundant manipulator. The results show that, compared to the traditional gradient projection method for obstacle avoidance, the proposed algorithm in this paper has decreased the displacement of joint 1 to joint 6 by 38,3 %, 83,3 %, 3,81 %, 7,85 %, 50,1 % and 45,6 % respectively, and the total displacement of prismatic joints and revolute joints has reduced 62,2 % and 26,4 %. At the same time, the changes of joint 1 to joint 6’s velocity and acceleration between initial time and final time during obstacle avoiding has been decreased 43,2 %, 97,3 %, 2,23 %, 36,6 %, 96,7 %, 72,7 % (velocity) and 91,04 %, 98,28 %, 73,33 %, 98,40 %, 93,86 % and 91,94 % (acceleration) respectively. The test validated that the proposed obstacle avoidance method based on variational method is feasible and practicable.
Voxel Based Segmentation of Large Airborne Topobathymetric LIDAR Data

Abstract. Point cloud segmentation and classification is currently a research highlight. Methods in this field create labelled data, where each point has additional class information. Current approaches are to generate a graph on the basis of all points in the point cloud, calculate or learn descriptors and train a matcher for the descriptor to the corresponding classes. Since these approaches need to look on each point in the point cloud iteratively, they result in long calculation times for large point clouds. Therefore, large point clouds need a generalization, to save computation time. One kind of generalization is to cluster the raw points into a 3D grid structure, which is represented by small volume units ( i.e. voxels) used for further processing. This paper introduces a method to use such a voxel structure to cluster a large point cloud into ground and non-ground points. The proposed method for ground detection first marks ground voxels with a region growing approach. In a second step non ground voxels are searched and filtered in the ground segment to reduce effects of over-segmentations. This filter uses the probability that a voxel mostly consist of last pulses and a discrete gradient in a local neighbourhood . The result is the ground label as a first classification result and connected segments of non-ground points. The test area of the river Mangfall in Bavaria, Germany, is used for the first processing.
Parallel SHA-256 in NEON for use in hash-based signatures

In this thesis we present an SIMD implementation of the SHA-256 algorithm, optimised for the ARM Cortex-A8 processor, using the NEON vector instruction set. This implementation is specifically designed for use in hash-based signatures. By implementing SHA-256 directly in assembly, we achieve a performance gain of 33.5% for 256-bit input and 27.5% for 512-bit input messages.
Histamine regulates activities of neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus

The neurons responsible for the onset of sleep are thought to be located in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), which receives a dense histaminergic innervation from the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN). Yet, the role of histamine in the VLPO remains unclear. Here we report that microinjection of histamine into the VLPO increases the motor activity of rats. Moreover, a bath application of histamine to acute brain slices inhibits the majority of VLPO neurons, which are also inhibited by noradrenaline. Histamine hyperpolarizes the membrane potential and lowers the firing rate. These effects are associated with an increase in the frequency but not in the amplitude of spontaneous GABAA receptor‐mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents, and are blocked by gabazine or tetrodotoxin, indicating an indirect action. Conversely, on the noradrenaline‐excited VLPO neurons, histamine depolarizes the membrane potential and increases the firing rate via activation of H1 and H2 subtype histamine receptors. Moreover, histamine‐induced depolarization persists in the presence of gabazine or tetrodotoxin, indicating a direct action. Based on these findings, we propose that in the VLPO, noradrenaline‐inhibited neurons may normally be under the inhibitory control of noradrenaline‐excited neurons. By facilitating the inhibitory control of the noradrenaline‐excited neurons, histamine may inhibit the noradrenaline‐inhibited neurons, resulting in excitation of histamine‐releasing neurons in the TMN through disinhibition. This effect of histamine in the VLPO may contribute to the maintenance of wakefulness.
Tau Immunotherapy Modulates Both Pathological Tau and Upstream Amyloid Pathology in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the pathological accumulation of tau appears to be a downstream effect of amyloid β protein (Aβ). However, the relationship between these two proteins and memory loss is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the specific removal of pathological tau oligomers in aged Tg2576 mice by passive immunotherapy using tau oligomer-specific monoclonal antibody. Removal of tau oligomers reversed memory deficits and accelerated plaque deposition in the brain. Surprisingly, Aβ*56 levels decreased, suggesting a link between tau and Aβ oligomers in the promotion of cognitive decline. The results suggest that tau oligomerization is not only a consequence of Aβ pathology but also a critical mediator of the toxic effects observed afterward in AD. Overall, these findings support the potential of tau oligomers as a therapeutic target for AD.
Broker architecture for collaborative UAVs cloud computing

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are used, in addition to the military, in various civilian applications. Some UAV applications may involve multiple UAVs working and collaborating together to achieve a common goal. Developing such applications is time and effort consuming due to the heterogeneity of UAVs and the complexity of the operations involved. These UAVs are usually monitored and controlled using peer-to-peer radio frequency communications. This requires either direct links between the UAVs and the ground station, or through multiple hops between them. This approach suffers from many limitations and it forces the user(s) to be at the mission location. In addition, it restricts the mission's area within the range of UAV communication. Overcome this issue, we propose a platform architecture that integrates the UAVs with the cloud computing paradigm, so that UAVs become as servers and part of the cloud. We modeled the UAVs in a Resources-Oriented Architecture (ROA); they provide their resources and services through the uniform interface RESTful HTTP. For distributed UAVs, we propose a broker architecture to separate the requester side from the provider side. The main purpose of this broker is to assign the requested tasks to the suitable available UAVs. The separation of responsibilities facilitates easier development of UAV applications on top of the platform.
Maxillomandibular Advancement and Tracheostomy for Morbidly Obese Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Objective The objective of this study is to systematically review polysomnography data and sleepiness in morbidly obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥40 kg/m2) patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treated with either a maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) or a tracheostomy and to evaluate the outcomes. Data Sources MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Review Methods A search was performed from inception through April 8, 2014, in each database. Results Six maxillomandibular advancement studies (34 patients, age 42.42 ± 9.13 years, mean BMI 44.88 ± 4.28 kg/m2) and 6 tracheostomy studies (14 patients, age 52.21 ± 10.40 years, mean BMI 47.93 ± 7.55 kg/m2) reported individual patient data. The pre- and post-MMA means ± SDs for apnea-hypopnea indices were 86.18 ± 33.25/h and 9.16 ± 7.89/h (P < .00001), and lowest oxygen saturations were 66.58% ± 16.41% and 87.03% ± 5.90% (P < .00001), respectively. Sleepiness following MMA decreased in all 5 patients for whom it was reported. The pre- and posttracheostomy mean ± SD values for apnea indices were 64.43 ± 41.35/h and 1.73 ± 2.68/h (P = .0086), oxygen desaturation indices were 69.20 ± 26.10/h and 41.38 ± 36.28/h (P = .22), and lowest oxygen saturations were 55.17% ± 16.46% and 79.83% ± 4.36% (P = .011), respectively. Two studies reported outcomes for Epworth Sleepiness Scale for 5 patients, with mean ± SD values of 18.80 ± 4.02 before tracheostomy and 2.80 ± 2.77 after tracheostomy (P = .0034). Conclusion Data for MMA and tracheostomy as treatment for morbidly obese, adult OSA patients are significantly limited. We caution surgeons about drawing definitive conclusions from these limited studies; higher level studies are needed.
Optimum stand height for forage brown midrib sorghum x sudangrass in North-eastern USA

Brown midrib sorghum · sudangrass is attracting attention in the north-eastern USA because of its ability to produce acceptable forage yields on marginal corn ground. Other potential advantages include conservation of soil on highly erosive ground, the possibility to spread manure midsummer (after first cutting) when runoff risk is minimal, greatly reduced needs for herbicides and the potential to reduce the importation of phosphorus onto the farm. Best management practices need to be developed to take full advantage of the crop in the north-east. Seven field studies were conducted from 2000 to 2002 in four different agricultural regions in New York to determine the time of harvest optimum for yield and quality in one- to threecut management systems. Yield, rather than a change in forage quality indicators, was the key determining factor for estimated milk production. However, to prevent the shift from vegetative to reproductive growth (and associated decline in quality) and to better manage the amount of water at harvest, we recommend that in the north-eastern USA brown midrib sorghum sudangrass be managed using a two-cut system with harvest taking place when stand heights are about 125 cm or less.
Race, Gender, and Health Care Service Utilization and Costs among Medicare Elderly with Psychiatric Diagnoses

Objective: To investigate race and gender differences in health care service utilization and costs among the Medicare elderly with psychiatric diagnoses. Methods: The authors employ a 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries from Tennessee (N = 33,680), and among those with a psychiatric diagnosis (n = 5,339), they examine health care service utilization and costs by race and gender. Results: African Americans had significantly higher rates of diagnosis for dementia, organic psychosis, and schizophrenia, whereas Whites had significantly higher rates for mood and anxiety disorders. White and African American men have higher rates of utilization of emergency and inpatient services and lower rates of outpatient utilization compared to White women and African American women. African American men have significantly higher health care costs. Discussion: The findings suggest that race and gender interact to influence service utilization and preventive care, thereby driving up costs of care, for elderly persons with psychiatric diagnoses.
Excimer laser-assisted bypass in aneurysm treatment: short-term outcomes.

OBJECT If clip application or coil placement for treatment of intracranial aneurysms is not feasible, the parent vessel can be occluded to induce thrombosis of the aneurysm. The Excimer laser-assisted anastomosis technique allows the construction of a high-flow bypass in patients who cannot tolerate such an occlusion. The authors assessed the complications of this procedure and clinical outcomes after the construction of high-flow bypasses in patients with intracranial aneurysms. METHODS Data were retrospectively collected on patient and aneurysm characteristics, procedural complications, and functional outcomes in 77 patients in whom a high-flow bypass was constructed. Logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the relationships between patient and aneurysm characteristics on the one hand and outcome measures on the other. Fifty-one patients harbored a giant aneurysm, 24 patients suffered from a ruptured aneurysm, and 35 patients from an unruptured symptomatic aneurysm. In 22 patients (29%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 19-40%) a permanent deficit developed from an operative complication. At a median follow-up period of 2.5 months, 25 patients (32%; 95% CI 22-44%) were dependent or had died; in 10 of these patients (13% of all patients; 95% CI 6-23%) operative complications were the single cause of this poor outcome. Univariate analysis demonstrated that a poor clinical condition before treatment (odds ratio [OR] 4.7; 95% CI 1.7-13.3) and a history of cardiovascular disease (OR 4.1; 95% CI 1-16.2) increased the risk of poor outcome. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only the clinical condition before treatment was significantly related to outcome (OR 4; 95% CI 1.3-11.9). CONCLUSIONS In patients with an intracranial aneurysm that cannot be treated by clip application or coil placement, and in whom occlusion of the parent artery cannot be tolerated, the construction of a high-flow bypass should be considered. This procedure carries a considerable risk of complications, but this should be weighed against the disabling or life-threatening effects of compression, the high risk of rupture, and the substantial chance of poor outcome after the rupture of such aneurysms.
Effect of fasting during Ramadan on serum lithium level and mental state in bipolar affective disorder

The Muslims fast every year during the month of Ramadan. A fasting day can last 12–17 h. The effects of fasting on serum lithium levels and the mood changes in patients suffering from bipolar affective disorder during Ramadan are not well studied. We aimed to compare the serum lithium levels, side effects, toxicity and mental state in patients suffering from bipolar affective disorder and on prophylactic lithium therapy before, during and after Ramadan. Sixty-two patients meeting the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Research Diagnostic Criteria of bipolar affective disorder receiving lithium treatment for prophylaxis were recruited in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan. Serum lithium, electrolytes, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were assessed at three points, 1 week before Ramadan, midRamadan and 1 week after Ramadan. The side effects and toxicity were measured by a symptoms and signs checklist. There was no significant difference in mean serum lithium levels at three time points (preRamadan=0.45±0.21, midRamadan=0.51±0.20 and postRamadan=0.44±0.23 milli equivalents/litre, P=0.116). The scores on HDRS and YMRS showed significant decrease during Ramadan (F=34.12, P=0.00, for HDRS and F=15.6, P=0.000 for YMRS). The side effects and toxicity also did not differ significantly at three points. In conclusion, the patients who have stable mental state and lithium levels before Ramadan can be maintained on lithium during Ramadan. Fasting in an average temperature of 28°C for up to 12 h per day did not result in elevated serum lithium levels or more side effects and did not have adverse effects on mental state of patients suffering from bipolar affective disorder.
Nitro-Mannich reaction.

1. Introdution A 2. Early Developments B 2.1. First Reports B 2.2. Heterocycle Synthesis E 2.3. Nitroalkene Synthesis G 2.4. Synthesis of Dinitroamines G 2.5. Reactions with Preformed Imines H 2.6. Conjugate Addition Nitro-Mannich Reactions H 2.7. Reactions of Nitroesters I 3. Noncatayltic Reactions J 3.1. Base-Mediated Reactions J 3.2. Reactions of α-Amido Sulfones K 3.3. Auxiliary Controlled Stereoselective Reactions L 3.4. Reformatsky-Type Reactions M 3.5. Electrochemically Induced Nitro-Mannich Reactions N 4. Indirect Metal-Catalyzed Reactions N 4.1. Racemic Reactions N 4.2. Asymmetric Reactions N 5. Direct Metal-Catalyzed Reactions O 5.1. Racemic Reactions O 5.2. Asymmetric Reactions P 6. Organocatalytic Reactions T 6.1. Racemic Reactions T 6.2. Asymmetric Reactions U 6.2.1. Urea/Thiourea Catalysts U 6.2.2. Brønsted Acid Catalysts X 6.2.3. Phase-Transfer Catalysts Y 6.2.4. Brønsted-Base Catalysts Z 7. Reactions of Ketimines AA 7.1. Racemic Reactions AA 7.2. Auxiliary Controlled Reactions AB 7.3. Catalytic Enantioselective Reactions AB 8. Reactions of α-Nitroesters AC 9. Reactions of α-Nitrophosphonates AE 10. Conjugate Addition Nitro-Mannich Reactions AF 10.1. Organocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Nucleophiles AF 10.2. Reactions with Organometallic Nucleophiles AG 10.3. Aza-Morita−Baylis−Hillman Reactions AI 10.4. Synthesis of 3-Nitrochromene Derivatives AI 10.5. [3 + 2] Cycloadditions AJ 10.6. [2 + 2] Cycloadditions AL 11. Cascade Reactions AL 11.1. Nitro-Mannich/Lactamization Cascades AL 11.2. Other Cascade Reactions AO 12. Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions AP 13. Miscellaneous Reactions AQ 13.1. Reactions of Isoquinolines AQ 13.2. Reactions of Trinitromethane AR 14. Applications to Synthesis AR 14.1. Peptide Synthesis AU 15. Summary AU Author Information AW Corresponding Author AW Notes AW Biographies AW Acknowledgments AX References AX
Marital discord and coronary artery disease: a comparison of behaviorally defined discrete groups.

OBJECTIVE Marital difficulties can confer risk of coronary heart disease, as in a study of outwardly healthy couples (T. W. Smith et al., 2011) where behavioral ratings of low affiliation and high control during marital disagreements were associated with asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). However, taxometric studies suggest that marital discord is more accurately represented by discrete groups, rather than continuous dimensions. To determine if a categorical representation of marital discord was also related to CAD, discordant and nondiscordant groups were identified via cluster analysis in further analyses of the T. W. Smith et al. (2011) study. METHOD One hundred fifty healthy couples (M age = 63.5) completed a marital disagreement discussion, self-reports of anxiety and anger during the disagreement, and self-report measures of marital adjustment. CAD was measured as coronary artery calcification (CAC) via computed tomography scans. RESULTS In a 2-group cluster solution, 31% of couples were characterized as discordant, with higher levels of hostility and dominance and lower levels of warmth compared with the nondiscordant group. Discordant couples reported lower marital adjustment and greater negative affect during the discussion. Controlling biomedical and behavioral risk factors, discordant couples had greater CAC (p = .029, η² = .035). Discordant and nondiscordant groups defined via self-reported marital adjustment did not differ in CAC (p = .17, η² = .014). CONCLUSIONS Marital discord defined categorically and with behavioral observations was associated with greater levels of asymptomatic CAD. Marital discord is associated with higher risk at early stages of coronary heart disease, but commonly used self-reports may underestimate this risk.