Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theories' Gap of international Technological Entrepreneurship Opportunities

Most scholars believe that for recognition and exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities the traditional models and theories of don’t have the required efficiency in the technological and international contexts since the liner nature of these models aren’t compatible with these situations and needs nonlinear models to identify and exploit these opportunities. Therefore, applying suitable and new strategies are inevitable to provide customers’ requirements with uncertainties in the technological and international contexts. In this study, the theories about international technological entrepreneurship opportunities are discussed and the theoretical gaps were investigated. The review revealed that some questions are in this field that have not been regarded in the current theories and more studies should be conducted based on these topics to answer the theoretical gaps.
Comparison of the Intravenous Chicken Challenge Method with the Embryo Lethality Assay for Studies in Avian Colibacillosis

Abstract In previous studies, the embryo lethality assay (ELA) was able to discriminate between virulent and avirulent avian Escherichia coli isolates and to predict percent mortality of the embryos resulting from an isolate based on three traits. The abilities to resist host complement, presence of Colicin V activity, and presence of the increased serum survival gene cluster (iss), were used together in a logistic regression analysis to predict the percentage of embryo deaths resulting from each of 20 avian E. coli isolates used in the ELA. In the present study, the same 20 isolates are used in an intravenous chicken challenge model in an effort to determine whether the ELA could be used to replace chicken challenge studies. Correlations between the mortality and a combination of mortality and morbidity (the survivors at trial termination with lesions suggestive of colibacillosis) and the previous ELA results and with selected isolate traits were performed. Additionally, resulting body weights in surviving chickens were compared between groups. The highest positive correlations were observed between the ELA and the combined mortality/morbidity of the intravenous challenge (r = 0.861, P < 0.0001 for the first ELA challenge, and r = 0.830, P < 0.0001 for the second ELA challenge). The IV challenge combined mortality/morbidity results had the highest correlation coefficients with the presence of iss (r = 0.864, P < 0.0001) and the expression of ColV (r = 0.878, P < 0.0001). The presence of tsh was slightly correlated with mortality (r = 0.465, P = .0389) but demonstrated a higher correlation with the combined mortality and morbidity of the IV challenge (r = 0.558, P = 0.0106). Even though the ELA results in a higher number of nonspecific deaths, the two challenge methods exhibit similar results and a high correlation with each other. Interestingly, some of the isolates showed differences in their ability to cause mortality between the ELA and the IV challenge model. Furthermore, some isolates reflected significant differences in body weights of surviving birds at IV trial termination.
Implied Volatility and Stock Market Speculation

The stability of an economy is directly linked to the stability of the capital markets in which it operates and vice versa. The capital market stability is in turn linked to the asset price dynamics; most of these asset prices are modelled based on expected rate of return. The expected rate of return and direction of markets is determined from the implied market volatility (VIX index). The implied volatility is a forward looking variable which tells about the realised market volatility based of market participant’s expectations. Most of the times this implied volatility is over estimated compared to the realised volatility due to the speculative behaviour of the market participants. This speculative behaviour causes virtual dynamics in the implied variables which in turn caused virtual dynamics in the individual asset prices. The virtual dynamics in the asset prices causes the divergence in the realised or fundamental value of the market; which can be attributed to the irrational behavioural of the financial market participants. The present paper aims at understanding the source and level of the speculation, and also an attempt has been made to develop a novel quantitative behavioral framework to understand and rectify this speculative behaviour. An empirical analysis has been carried out on the S&P 500 Index and CBOE VIX Index to validate the proposed model. Some interesting results have been obtained from the present study which clearly shows the quantitative behavioural model has the capability to convergence the expected volatility with the realised market volatility, this helps the market participants, regulators and policy makers to make necessary corrections based on the predicted speculation.
Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles in an Imatinib‐Resistant Cell Line, KCL22/SR

The BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib, has shown substantial effects in blast crises of chronic myelogenous leukemia. However, most patients relapse after an initial clinical response, indicating that drug resistance is a major problem for patients being treated with imatinib. In this study, we generated a new imatinib‐resistant BCR/ABL‐positive cell line, KCL22/SR. The 50% inhibitory concentration of imatinib was 11‐fold higher in KCL22/SR than in the imatinib‐sensitive parental cell line, KCL22. However, KCL22/SR showed no mutations in the BCR/ABL gene and no increase in the levels of BCR/ABL protein and P‐glycoprotein. Furthermore, the level of phosphorylated BCR/ABL protein was suppressed by imatinib treatment, suggesting that mechanisms independent of BCR/ABL signaling are involved in the imatinib resistance in KCL22/SR cells. DNA microarray analyses demonstrated that the signal transduction‐related molecules, RAS p21 protein activator and RhoA, which could affect Ras signaling, and a surface tumor antigen, L6, were upregulated, while c‐Myb and activin A receptor were downregulated in KCL22/SR cells. Furthermore, imatinib treatment significantly suppressed the level of phosphorylated p44/42 in KCL22 cells but not in KCL22/SR cells, even when BCR/ABL was inhibited by imatinib. These results suggest that various mechanisms, including disturbance of Ras‐mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling, are involved in imatinib resistance.
Expression of Sox3 throughout the developing central nervous system is dependent on the combined action of discrete, evolutionarily conserved regulatory elements

Summary: SOX3 is one of the earliest neural markers in vertebrates and is thought to play a role in specifying neuronal fate. To investigate the regulation of Sox3 expression we identified cis‐regulatory regions in the Sox3 promoter that direct tissue‐specific heterologous marker gene expression in transgenic mice. Our results show that an 8.3 kb fragment, comprising 3 kb upstream and 3 kb downstream of the Sox3 transcriptional unit, is sufficient in a lacZ reporter construct to reproduce most aspects of Sox3 expression during CNS development from headfold to midgestation stages. The apparently uniform expression of Sox3 in the neural tube depends, however, on the combined action of distinct regulatory modules within this 8.3 kb region. Each of these gives expression in a subdomain of the complete expression pattern. These are restricted along both the rostral‐caudal and dorso‐ventral axes and can be quite specific, one element giving expression largely confined to V2 interneuron precursors. We also find that at least some of the regulatory sequences are able to drive expression of the transgene in the CNS Xenopus laevis embryos in a manner that reflects the endogenous Sox3 expression pattern. These results imply that the underlying mechanism regulating early CNS patterning is conserved, despite several substantial differences in neurogenesis between mammals and amphibians. genesis 36:12–24, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Broken rotor bar diagnosis in induction machines through Stationary Wavelet Packet Transform under lower sampling rate

In induction motors (IM), broken rotor bars (BRB) create abnormal amplitude of the sidebands around the fundamental supply frequency. Several monitoring techniques developed for non stationary signal are essentially based on Wavelet Transform (WT). In the WT, the sampling rate determines the frequency resolution and it is an important factor in the embedded diagnosis system design. This paper proposes a new methodology for broken-rotor-bar diagnosis under lower sampling rate based on Stationary Wavelet Packet Transform (SWPT). The SWPT coefficients affected by the rotor fault are computed then the relative energy value is proposed as the diagnosis parameter. The statistical results based on boxplot show that SWPT with a lower sampling rate has a good performance to detect BRB under different load conditions and different fault severity.
The bimode++ branch predictor

Modern wide-issue superscalar processors tend to adopt deeper pipelines in order to attain high clock rates. This trend increases the number of on-the-fly instructions in processors and a mispredicted branch can result in substantial amounts of wasted work. In order to mitigate these wasted works, an accurate branch prediction is required for the high performance processors. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, we propose the bimode++ branch predictor. It is an enhanced version of the bimode branch predictor. Throughout execution from the start to the end of a program, some branch instructions have the same result at all times. These branches are defined as extremely biased branches. The bimode++ branch predictor is unique in predicting the output of an extremely biased branch with a simple hardware structure. In addition, the bimode++ branch predictor improves the accuracy using the refined indexing and a fusion function. Our experimental results with benchmarks from SpecFP, SpecINT, multi-media and server area show that the bimode++ branch predictor can reduce the misprediction rate by 13.2% to the bimode and by 32.5% to the gshare.
A DC Programming Approach for Finding Communities in Networks

Abstract Automatic discovery of community structures in complex networks is a fundamental task in many disciplines, including physics, biology, and the social sciences. The most used criterion for characterizing the existence of a community structure in a network is modularity, a quantitative measure proposed by Newman and Girvan (2004). The discovery community can be formulated as the so-called modularity maximization problem that consists of finding a partition of nodes of a network with the highest modularity. In this letter, we propose a fast and scalable algorithm called DCAM, based on DC (difference of convex function) programming and DCA (DC algorithms), an innovative approach in nonconvex programming framework for solving the modularity maximization problem. The special structure of the problem considered here has been well exploited to get an inexpensive DCA scheme that requires only a matrix-vector product at each iteration. Starting with a very large number of communities, DCAM furnishes, as output results, an optimal partition together with the optimal number of communities ; that is, the number of communities is discovered automatically during DCAM’s iterations. Numerical experiments are performed on a variety of real-world network data sets with up to 4,194,304 nodes and 30,359,198 edges. The comparative results with height reference algorithms show that the proposed approach outperforms them not only on quality and rapidity but also on scalability. Moreover, it realizes a very good trade-off between the quality of solutions and the run time.
Determination of 3-dimensional Zonal Renal Volumes Using Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography

Objective: To determine the accuracy with which total and cortical renal volumes may be measured in vivo with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in an animal model. Methods: Seven female Yorkshire pigs were scanned in vivo using both a 64-channel multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) and a C-arm CT scanner (Siemens AXIOM). Kidneys were scanned in corticomedullary and nephrographic phases after contrast injection. Three-dimensional volumetric analysis of CT data was performed to determine renal cortical and overall renal volumes, and renal lengths. We measured renal weights, water displacement volumes, and overall and cortical renal volumes of resected kidneys. Results: Overall and cortical renal volumes by CT showed excellent correlation (R2 values varying from 0.77 to 0.92) with anatomic measurements of renal volume. There was poor correlation of anatomic renal volumes with renal lengths by CT. Conclusions: Three-dimensional analysis of contrast-enhanced CT provides accurate measurement of overall and cortical renal volumes in vivo.
Reconfigurable Sensing Antenna: A Slotted Patch Design With Temperature Sensation

A reconfigurable sensing antenna (RSA) concept is presented in this letter, where a physical sensor is integrated into a reconfigurable antenna as the control unit. The basic structure and operation principle of the RSA are described in details. To illustrate this RSA concept, a slotted patch antenna with temperature sensation is designed, fabricated, and tested. In this design, distilled water is integrated into the antenna substrate as the sensing material because its permittivity changes with temperature. Thus, the antenna frequency is reconfigured according to the environmental temperature. The measurement results demonstrate an effective sensing range from 17<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}{\rm C}$</tex></formula> to 70<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}{\rm C}$</tex> </formula>. Due to the passive and low-cost features, the proposed RSA has a promising potential in wireless sensing network applications.
Study of subcutaneous fat in children with juvenile dermatomyositis.

OBJECTIVE Lipodystrophy is a recently recognized complication of juvenile dermatomyositis (juvenile DM). Until now, the diagnosis has been based only on the physical appearance of the patient. We quantified the patterns of fat distribution in a cohort of patients with juvenile DM. METHODS Twenty patients with juvenile DM were enrolled along with a matching number of controls. Both groups underwent standard anthropometric measurements including assessment of skinfold thickness using Harpenden Skinfold Caliper (Holtain, Dyfed, UK). Glucose tolerance test and serum lipid estimates were performed in the study group but not in controls. RESULTS Patients with juvenile DM had lower mean weight, height, and mid-upper-arm circumference as compared with controls; these differences were statistically significant (P < or = 0.05). Eight (40%) of 20 patients had lipodystrophy on physical appearance. When assessed by skinfold caliper, there was loss of subcutaneous fat at the mid-axillary site in 65% of patients, at the subscapular in 60%, and at the suprailiac site in 55%. Serum triglyceride levels were increased in 12 of the 18 patients who underwent this test. Oral glucose tolerance test results were normal in all 20 patients. CONCLUSION Sixty-five percent of our patients with juvenile DM were found to have loss of subcutaneous fat on quantification compared with 40% on physical appearance alone. Maximum fat loss occurred at the mid-axillary skinfold site. A significant number of patients with juvenile DM (66%) had hypertriglyceridemia. We hypothesize that lipodystrophy and hypertriglyceridemia could well be integral components of what may be an expanded juvenile DM syndrome.
Cooperative actuator fault accommodation of formation flying vehicles with absolute measurements

In this paper, a new cooperative fault accommodation algorithm is proposed for multiple-vehicle formation flying missions embedded with absolute measurements. This framework provides two recovery modules, namely a low-level fault recovery (LLFR) module and a formation-level fault recovery (FLFR) module. The framework also includes a high-level (HL) supervisor. In the LLFR module, a conventional recovery controller (RC) based on a given fault severity estimate is employed. In case that the LLFR controller cannot fully recover the faulty vehicle due to an imprecise fault estimate, the error bounds imposed by the mission specifications can be violated and the supervisor identifies this violation and activates the FLFR module. This module is responsible for reconfiguring the weighted absolute measurement formation (WAMF) digraph, applying a robust controller, and imposing constraints on the desired input vectors of the partially LL-recovered vehicle and its neighbor vehicles. Consequently, the formation mission specifications can still be guaranteed so that the fault is cooperatively recovered by our proposed scheme. Simulation results for a satellite formation in planetary orbital environment (POE) confirm the validity and effectiveness of our analytical work.
Fluid Secretion Caused by Aerolysin-Like Hemolysin of Aeromonas sobria in the Intestines Is Due to Stimulation of Production of Prostaglandin E2 via Cyclooxygenase 2 by Intestinal Cells

ABSTRACT To clarify the mechanisms of diarrheal disease induced by Aeromonas sobria, we examined whether prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was involved in the intestinal secretory action of A. sobria hemolysin by use of a mouse intestinal loop model. The amount of PGE2 in jejunal fluid and the fluid accumulation ratio were directly related to the dose of hemolysin. The increase over time in the level of PGE2 was similar to that of the accumulated fluid. In addition, hemolysin-induced fluid secretion and PGE2 synthesis were inhibited by the selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor NS-398 but not the COX-1 inhibitor SC-560. Western blot analysis revealed that hemolysin increased the COX-2 protein levels but reduced the COX-1 protein levels in mouse intestinal mucosa in vivo. These results suggest that PGE2 functions as an important mediator of diarrhea caused by hemolysin and that PGE2 is produced primarily through a COX-2-dependent mechanism. Subsequently, we examined the relationship between PGE2, cyclic AMP (cAMP), and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl− channels in mouse intestinal mucosa exposed to hemolysin. Hemolysin increased the levels of cAMP in the intestinal mucosa. NS-398 inhibited the increase in cAMP production, but SC-560 did not. In addition, H-89, a cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, and glibenclamide, a CFTR inhibitor, inhibited fluid accumulation. Taken together, these results indicate that hemolysin activates PGE2 production via COX-2 and that PGE2 stimulates cAMP production. cAMP then activates PKA, which in turn stimulates CFTR Cl− channels and finally leads to fluid accumulation in the intestines.
Development and design of automated hospital bed with incremental panels for bedsore prevention

The common causes of Bedsores are constant pressure and moisture build-up. To prevent the development of these causes, the researchers have decided to modify the typical hospital bed into an electronically automated prototype. The prototype was built with 50 incremental panels that has the capability to move the patient on the by the combination of the Chain and Sprocket Method and the Lead Screw. These incremental panels were implemented with Temperature Sensors to monitor the ambient temperature on the bed surface and IR Proximity sensors to detect the location of the patient in the prototype. The data gathered by these sensors are processed through the use of a microcontroller. The microcontroller will then relay the processed data to the stepper motor driver which will manipulate the stepper motors to cause movement to the incremental panels.
Advancements on dual-sided microstructured semiconductor neutron detectors (DSMSNDs)

Microstructured semiconductor neutron detectors (MSNDs) represent a low-cost, high-efficiency means of solid-state thermal neutron detection. Trenches are etched into a pn-junction diode and backfilled with nano-sized 6LiF neutron converting material. Neutrons absorbed within the conversion material produce charged particle reaction products that interact within the semiconductor substrate and generate electron-hole pairs. The electron-hole pairs are collected by the applied bias, generating an electronic pulse and indicating a neutron event. Presently, single-sided MSNDs performance is approaching the theoretical maximum detection efficiency, with devices nearing 35% intrinsic thermal neutron detection efficiency. Single-sided MSNDs are limited in their detection efficiency due to neutron streaming between the trenches; incident neutrons will pass through the semiconductor substrate without detection. Dual-side microstructured semiconductor neutron detectors (DSMSNDs) alleviate this issue with an additional set of trenches etched into the backside of the diode. Neutrons streaming through the first set of trenches can be absorbed in the second set of trenches. Careful design of DSMSNDs can allow for detection efficiencies exceeding 70% for a single 1-mm thick detector. DSMSNDs etched 20-μm wide, 350-μm deep trenches, and 10-μm wide fins have achieved an intrinsic thermal neutron detection efficiency of 53.54±0.61% for neutrons normally incident on the front face of the detector using p-type contacts on both the front- and back-side fins.
The Dynamics of Hsp25 Quaternary Structure

Small heat shock proteins (sHsps), including α-crystallin, represent a conserved and ubiquitous family of proteins. They form large oligomers, ranging in size from 140 to more than 800 kDa, which seem to be important for the interaction with non-native proteins as molecular chaperones. Here we analyzed the stability and oligomeric structure of murine Hsp25 and its correlation with function. Upon unfolding, the tertiary and quaternary structure of Hsp25 is rapidly lost, whereas the secondary structure remains remarkably stable. Unfolding is completely reversible, leading to native hexadecameric structures. These oligomers are in a concentration-dependent equilibrium with tetramers and dimers, indicating that tetramers assembled from dimers represent the basic building blocks of Hsp25 oligomers. At high temperatures, the Hsp25 complexes increase in molecular mass, consistent with the appearance of “heat shock granules” in vivo after heat treatment. This high molecular mass “heat shock form” of Hsp25 is in a slow equilibrium with hexadecameric Hsp25. Thus, it does not represent an off-pathway reaction. Interestingly, the heat shock form exhibits unchanged chaperone activity even after incubation at 80 °C. We conclude that Hsp25 is a dynamic tetramer of tetramers with a unique ability to refold and reassemble into its active quaternary structure after denaturation. So-called heat shock granules, which have been reported to appear in response to stress, seem to represent a novel functional species of Hsp25.