Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mapping Ancient Forests: Bayesian Inference for Spatio-Temporal Trends in Forest Composition Using the Fossil Pollen Proxy Record

Ecologists use the relative abundance of fossil pollen in sediments to estimate how tree species abundances change over space and time. To predict historical forest composition and quantify the available information, we build a Bayesian hierarchical model of forest composition in central New England, USA, based on pollen in a network of ponds. The critical relationships between abundances of taxa in the pollen record and abundances as actual vegetation are estimated for the modern and colonial periods, for which both pollen and direct vegetation data are available, based on a latent multivariate spatial process representing forest composition. For time periods in the past with only pollen data, we use the estimated model parameters to constrain predictions about the latent spatio-temporal process conditional on the pollen data. We develop an innovative graphical assessment of feature significance to help to infer which spatial patterns are reliably estimated. The model allows us to estimate the spatial distribution and relative abundances of tree species over the last 2,500 years, with an assessment of uncertainty, and to draw inference about how these patterns have changed over time. Cross-validation suggests that our feature significance approach can reliably indicate certain large-scale spatial features for many taxa, but that features on scales smaller than 50 km are difficult to distinguish, as are large-scale features for some taxa. We also use the model to quantitatively investigate ecological hypotheses, including covariate effects on taxa abundances and questions about pollen dispersal characteristics. The critical advantages of our modeling approach over current ecological analyses are the explicit spatio-temporal representation, quantification of abundance on the scale of trees rather than pollen, and uncertainty characterization.
Aging Confers Different Sensitivity to the Neurotoxic Properties of Unconjugated Bilirubin

The pathogenesis of bilirubin encephalopathy appears to result from accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), which, in turn, may cause mitochondrial perturbation, release of intermembrane proteins, and, ultimately, cell death. Aging imparts to cells a different susceptibility to this toxic stimulus, as neonates are particularly vulnerable to the accumulation of UCB in the CNS. In this paper, we further characterize UCB-induced toxicity in isolated neuronal and glial cells according to age in culture. In addition, we investigate sensitivity of mitochondria derived from young and old rats to UCB-induced membrane permeabilization and, finally, evaluate whether age-dependent changes in UCB toxicity are accompanied by alterations in the mitochondrial content of cytochrome c. The results showed that UCB is more toxic to immature neural cells after 4–5 d in culture (p < 0.001), whereas neurons were more sensitive than astrocytes (p < 0.05). In fact, approximately 40% of cells were apoptotic in immature cultures compared with 20% in mature cultures. Unexpectedly, mitochondrial swelling and subsequent efflux of cytochrome c induced by UCB were 2-fold greater in organelles derived from older rats (p < 0.01). In conclusion, UCB toxicity of isolated rat neuronal and glial cells is modulated by age in culture in that immature cells are more susceptible. Mitochondria derived from younger rats are nevertheless more resistant to membrane permeabilization and cytochrome c release induced by UCB. The data indicate that the cells of young animals are relatively resistant to UCB toxicity, through a protective mechanism at the mitochondrial level; however, this is not sufficient to prevent apoptosis of cells in the young animal. Thus, although playing a role, direct mitochondrial injury may not be the sole mechanism of UCB cytotoxicity.
A dual-band MEMS PA study for mobile communication systems

This paper described a dual-band PA with MEMS capacity switch, and it is composed of the series MEMS capacity switch, cascode amplifier and other circuit, and gets the dual-band of 2.1 GHz /2.3 GHz PA by the switch capacity variation. The first, a MEMS capacity switch is designed, analyzed by EDA of HFSS, and obtain the capacitive curve with 2.1 GHz and 2.3 GHz, insert loss is about 2 dB and isolation is about 50 dB. The second, the MEMS switch is applied in the PA circuit, and the circuit model is designed basing on the CMOS technology. The performance is obtained by EDA of ADS simulation, and the gain is 12.4 dB and 11.5 dB with 2.1 GHz and 2.3 GHz and PAE is about 50% when output 25 dBm at two band. MEMS switches are used to implement a variable filter and matching network that allows the PA to realize the dual-band and high efficiency. It has good performance, and it may be applied for mobile communications systems, such as 3.5 G (generation), 4 G mobile communications systems.
Identification and Characterization of Phospholipase D Genes Putatively Involved in Internal Browning of Pineapple during Postharvest Storage

Phospholipase D (PLD) in plants plays vital roles in growth, development, and stress responses. However, the precise role of PLDs in pineapple remains poorly understood. In this study, 10 putative PLD genes, designated as AcPLD1–AcPLD10, were identified based on the pineapple genome database. The 10 AcPLDs could be clustered into five of the six known PLD families according to sequence characterization. Their deduced amino acid sequences displayed similarities to PLDs from other plant species. Expression analyses of PLD mRNAs from pineapple pulp were performed. The 10 PLDs exhibited differential expression patterns during storage periods of fruits treated with hexaldehyde (a specific PLD inhibitor) which could alleviate internal browning (IB) of pineapple after harvest. Functional subcellular localization signaling assays of two PLD proteins (AcPLD2 and AcPLD9) were performed by fluorescence microscopy. To further detect the potential action mechanism underlying PLD involved in the IB defense response, PLD, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and H2O2 associated with antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, NADPH, and ascorbate peroxidase were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This report is the first to provide a genome-wide description of the pineapple PLD gene family, and the results should expand knowledge of this family.
Who is suitable for mentalization-based therapy for borderline personality disorder ? The impact of clinical severity on outcomes

Objective – Evidence of remission without specialized treatment for BPD is accumulating. The authors investigated whether specialized treatments are particularly indicated for patients at high levels of clinical severity. They examined the impact of clinical severity on outcomes of a randomized controlled trial of mentalization-based treatment (MBT) contrasted with supportive clinical management (SCM). Method – 134 patients were randomly allocated to MBT or SCM. The primary outcome was the absence of crisis events (including suicidal and severe self-injurious behaviors and hospitalization) in the last 6 months. Secondary outcomes included symptom distress and social and interpersonal function. Severity indicators were defined as (a) severity of comorbid psychiatric syndromes (number of Axis I diagnoses); (b) severity of BPD (number of positive criteria met); (c) severity of personality disturbance (number of comorbid Axis II diagnoses); and (d) severity of symptom distress as indicated by SCL-90 GSI scores. Logistic regressions were used to predict the likelihood of recovery at 18 months. Mixedeffects regressions were applied to examine rates of change across time on the primary outcome and a selective subset of secondary outcomes. Results – Of the four severity criteria, only one was significantly associated with superior outcomes from specialized treatment. Greater numbers of Axis II diagnoses predicted increasing differences in rates of improvement between MBT and SCM. Three or more diagnoses precluded significant improvement without specialist therapy. Conclusions – Patients with BPD with significant Axis II comorbidity do better with specialist treatment. Patients whose only PD diagnosis is BPD do equally well with supportive clinical management.
Serum vitamin D metabolites and intestinal calcium absorption efficiency in women 1 – 3

Background: Vitamin D sufficiency may be determined by the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] that results in maximal intestinal calcium absorption efficiency. However, some investigators questioned whether 25(OH)D concentrations above the concentrations associated with rickets or osteomalacia influence calcium absorption. Objective: We determined whether calcium absorption efficiency is related to serum 25(OH)D or serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] concentrations. Design: We measured calcium absorption efficiency in 492 black and white healthy women (age range: 20–80 y) by the singleisotope method with Ca. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by a radioreceptor assay. Other relevant measurements included concentrations of serum 1,25(OH)2D, serum parathyroid hormone, serum creatinine, and serum estradiol, calcium intake, and bone mineral density. Results: There was no relation between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and calcium absorption efficiency. In development of a multivariate model, the 4 major determinants of calcium absorption efficiency were menopausal status, calcium intake, and serum estradiol and serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations. There was an interaction between serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations on calcium absorption efficiency. The relation between calcium absorption and 1,25(OH)2D was positive, and this relation was stronger for lower concentrations of 25(OH)D than for higher concentrations of 25(OH)D. Conclusion: The relation of serum 25(OH)D to calcium absorption is not useful as an indicator of vitamin D sufficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:835–40.
Reliability and Factorial Validity of Squat and Countermovement Jump Tests

&NA; Markovic, G. , D. Dizdar, I. Jukic, and M. Cardinale. Reliability and factorial validity of squat and countermovement jump tests. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18(3):551–555. 2004. —The primary aim of this study was to determine reliability and factorial validity of squat (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests. The secondary aim was to compare 3 popular methods for the estimation of vertical jumping height. Physical education students (n = 93) performed 7 explosive power tests: 5 different vertical jumps (Sargent jump, Abalakow's jump with arm swing and without arm swing, SJ, and CMJ) and 2 horizontal jumps (standing long jump and standing triple jump). The greatest reliability among all jumping tests (Cronbach's a = 0.97 and 0.98) had SJ and CMJ. The reliability a coefficients for other jumps were also high and varied between 0.93 and 0.96. Within‐subject variation (CV) in jumping tests ranged between 2.4 and 4.6%, the values being lowest in both horizontal jumps and CMJ. Factor analysis resulted in the extraction of only 1 significant principal component, which explained 66.43% of the variance of all 7 jumping tests. Since all jumping tests had high correlation coefficients with the principal component (r = 0.76–0.87), it was interpreted as the explosive power factor. The CMJ test showed the highest relationship with the explosive power factor (r = 0.87), that is, the greatest factorial validity. Other jumping tests had lower but relatively homogeneous correlation with the explosive power factor extracted. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that CMJ and SJ, measured by means of contact mat and digital timer, are the most reliable and valid field tests for the estimation of explosive power of the lower limbs in physically active men.
WUSCHEL protein movement and stem cell homeostasis

Stem cell maintenance is essential for growth and development of plants and animals. Similar to animal studies, transcription factors play a critical role in plant stem cell maintenance, however the regulatory logic is not well understood. Shoot apical meristems (SAMs) harbor a pool of pluoripotent stem cells and they provide cells for the development of all above-ground organs. Molecular genetic studies spanning more than a decade have revealed cell-cell communication logic underlying stem cell homeostasis. WUSCHEL (WUS), a homeodomain transcription factor expressed in cells of the organizing center specifies stem cells in overlying cells of the central zone (CZ) and also activates a negative regulator-CLAVATA3 (CLV3). CLV3, a small secreted peptide, binds to CLAVATA1 (CLV1) and also possibly to CLV1-related receptors to activate signaling which restricts WUS transcription. Though the CLV-WUS feedback network explains the cell-cell communication logic of stem cell maintenance, how WUS communicates with adjacent cells had remained elusive. In October 15 2011 issue of Genes and Development, we report that WUS protein synthesized in cells of organizing center migrates into adjacent cells via cell-cell movement and activates CLV3 transcription by directly binding to promoter elements.
Understanding silicon valley : the anatomy of an entrepreneurial region

Contents Seely-Brown John 1. KENNEY MARTIN Part I: 2. STURGEON TIMOTHY J. 3. LESLIE STUART W. Part II: 4. SUCHMAN MARK C. 5. KENNEY MARTIN FLORIDA RICHARD 6. ANGEL DAVID P. 7. SAXENIAN ANNALEE Part III: 8. BAHRAMI HOMA EVANS STUART 9. COHEN STEPHEN S. FIELDS GARY 10. KENNEY MARTIN VON BURG URS
Correlates of Coping Styles in Psychotic Illness

Background: Both integration and sealing over have been identified as global, clinically distinct coping styles with the psychotic illness and integration was found to be associated with a better outcome. We studied a series of potential correlates of these coping styles. Sampling and Methods: A total of 75 psychiatric patients in a recovery phase after a psychotic episode were studied. All patients filled out the Frankfurt Self-Concept Inventory and the Parental Bonding Instrument; the Integration/Sealing over Scale and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were completed by an investigator for all patients during a semistructured interview. Besides, some sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Results: A relationship was found between the integrative coping style and absence of negative symptoms, housing with partner or alone indicating more social competence and a diagnosis of psychotic illness other than (paranoid) schizophrenia. Conclusions: As only 25% of the variance were explained, other – still unknown – factors are also of importance.
Strong optical forces from adiabatic rapid passage

Periodic adiabatic rapid passage from counterpropagating light pulses is used in a parameter domain outside of the conventionally expected successful range to produce large optical forces on atoms by coherent control of the momentum exchange between the light and atoms. Both the magnitude and velocity range are much larger than those of the usual radiative force. We observed the force on metastable He atoms by the deflection of the atomic beam with periodic pulse sequences. We have also been able to map out the force magnitude in the two-dimensional parameter space of peak Rabi frequency and sweep range, and we find qualitative agreement with our model.
THE ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT AND SPLEEN IN HEALTHY EGYPTIAN BUFFALOES ( BUBALUS BUBALIS )

This study aimed to describe the normal ultrasonographic image of the gastrointestinal tract and spleen in Egyptian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). The obtained results were compared to the normal reference values that had been previously established in cattle. This study was carried out on thirty healthy buffalo. Complete clinical examination, hematological pictures profiling, blood biochemical analysis of different parameters such as total blood serum proteins, albumins, globulins, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, triglycerides and cholesterol, radiography and ultrasonographic examination were done. The clinical findings, blood pictures and blood biochemical levels agreed with the previously reported reference values of healthy buffaloes. Radiography of the healthy buffaloes showed free reticulum, normal heart and well-identified diaphragm. The heart appeared as radio-opaque structure. This study could detect the suitable site for visualization of reticulum, omasum, abomasums, rumen, small intestine and large intestine. It also described the normal ultrasonographic patterns of these organs. It was very essential to establish these ultrasonographic findings to improve the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography for evaluation of different gastrointestinal organs in healthy buffaloes that will be very useful in the future detection of the abnormal findings associated with gastrointestinal diseases.
Reimagining global health : an introduction

List of Illustrations and Tables Preface by Paul Farmer 1. Introduction: A Biosocial Approach Paul Farmer, Jim Yong Kim, Arthur Kleinman, Matthew Basilico 2. Unpacking Global Health: Theory and Critique Bridget Hanna, Arthur Kleinman 3. Colonial Medicine and Its Legacies Jeremy Greene, Marguerite Thorp Basilico, Heidi Kim, Paul Farmer 4. Health for All? Competing Theories and Geopolitics Matthew Basilico, Jonathan Weigel, Anjali Motgi, Jacob Bor, Salmaan Keshavjee 5. Redefining the Possible: The Global AIDS Response Luke Messac, Krishna Prabhu 6. Building an Effective Rural Health Delivery Model in Haiti and Rwanda Peter Drobac, Matthew Basilico, Luke Messac, David Walton, Paul Farmer 7. Scaling Up Effective Delivery Models Worldwide Jim Yong Kim, Michael Porter, Joseph Rhatigan, Rebecca Weintraub, Matthew Basilico, Paul Farmer 8. The Unique Challenges of Mental Health and MDRTB: Critical Perspectives on Metrics of Disease Burden Anne Becker, Anjali Motgi, Jonathan Weigel, Giuseppe Raviola, Salmaan Keshavjee, Arthur Kleinman 9. Values and Global Health Arjun Suri, Jonathan Weigel, Luke Messac, Marguerite Thorp Basilico, Matthew Basilico, Bridget Hanna, Salmaan Keshavjee, Arthur Kleinman 10. Taking Stock of Foreign Aid Paul Farmer, Jonathan Weigel, Matthew Basilico 11. Global Health Priorities for the Early Twenty-First Century Jonathan Weigel, Matthew Basilico, Vanessa Kerry, Madeleine Ballard, Anne Becker, Gene Bukhman, Ophelia Dahl, Andy Ellner, Louise Ivers, David Jones, John Meara, Joia Mukherjee, Amy Sievers, Alyssa Yamamoto, Paul Farmer 12. A Movement for Global Health Equity? Matthew Basilico, Vanessa Kerry, Luke Messac, Arjun Suri, Jonathan Weigel, Marguerite Thorp Basilico, Joia Mukherjee, Paul Farmer Appendix: Declaration of Alma-Ata Notes Notes on Contributors Acknowledgments Index
Synergistic induction of HSP40 and HSC70 in the mouse hippocampal neurons after cerebral ischemia and ischemic tolerance in gerbil hippocampus

An ischemia‐induced gene was screened using a differential display technique in mouse transient forebrain ischemia. One of the ischemia‐responsive clones was found to encode mouse hsp40. HSP40 has a critical regulatory function in the HSC70 ATPase activity. Expression of hsp40 mRNA was low in the nonischemic mouse hippocampus, but it was significantly upregulated 4 hr after ischemia by Northern blot analysis. In situ hybridization analysis revealed hsp40 mRNA induction in the neuron. HSP40 protein expression was also enhanced in the pyramidal and dentate granular neurons from 2 to 4 days after ischemia. The temporal expression and distribution profile of HSC70 protein was similar to that of HSP40, and both proteins were colocalized in ischemic hippocampal neurons. In the gerbil transient forebrain ischemia model, both HSP40 and HSC70 proteins were expressed strongly in ischemia‐resistant CA3 neurons and dentate granule cells 1 day after 5 min ischemia, but were not expressed in vulnerable CA1 neurons. However, both proteins were in parallel expressed in the tolerance‐acquired CA1 neurons. Based on the current observation that both HSP40 and HSC70 proteins were synergistically expressed in the ischemia‐resistant and tolerance‐acquired neurons, cochaperone HSP40 may play a significant role against postischemic neuronal response and lead to cell survival through interaction with simultaneously induced HSC70. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular cloning of a regulatory protein for membrane-bound guanylate cyclase GC-A.

Activation of membrane-bound guanylate cyclase GC-A by atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) may require the involvement of accessory proteins. To identify these postulated proteins, we isolated a 1. 0-kb cDNA clone from a rat brain expression library using a polyclonal antiserum against mastoparan. The 1.0-kb cDNA encodes a protein of 111 amino acids. Expression of this cDNA in COS-7 cells potentiated ANF-stimulated GC-A activity. Therefore, the 1.0-kb gene encodes a guanylate cyclase regulatory protein (GCRP). Fluorescence microscopy studies using the fusion protein of GCRP with green fluorescence protein (GFP) indicated that GCRP was present in the cytosol in PC12 cells, but translocated toward the plasma membrane in the presence of ANF. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicate that GCRP associates with GC-A in the presence of ANF. These results suggest that ANF induces the association of GCRP with GC-A and this association contributes to the activation of GC-A.
On the Expressiveness of Networks with Hidden Variables

This paper investigates design issues associated with representing relations in binary networks augmented with hidden variables. The trade-off between the number of variables required and the size of their domains is discussed. We show that if the number of values available to each variable is just two, then hidden variables cannot improve the expressional power of the network, regardless of their number. However, for k≥3, we can always find a layered network using k-valued hidden variables that represent an arbitrary relation. We then provide a scheme for decomposing an arbitrary relation, ρ, using |ρ|-2/k-2 hidden variables each having k values (k > 2).
Towards a user experience design framework for adaptive spoken dialogue in automotive contexts

We present an initial set of design principles for designing efficient, effective, coherent, and desirable adaptive spoken interaction for traffic information and navigation. The principles are based on a qualitative analysis of driver interactions with an adaptive speech prototype along with driver interviews. The derived set of principles range from high-level fundamental design values, conceptual and behavioral principles, to low-level interface-level principles that can guide the design of adaptive spoken dialogue interaction in the car from a user experience perspective.
Complex document information processing: prototype, test collection, and evaluation

Analysis of large collections of complex documents is an increasingly important need for numerous applications. Complex documents are documents that typically start out on paper and are then electronically scanned. These documents have rich internal structure and might only be available in image form. Additionally, they may have been produced by a combination of printing technologies (or by handwriting); and include diagrams, graphics, tables and other non-textual elements. The state of the art today for a large document collection is essentially text search of OCR'd documents with no meaningful use of data found in images, signatures, logos, etc. Our prototype automatically generates rich metadata about a complex document and then applies query tools to integrate the metadata with text search. To ensure a thorough evaluation of the effectiveness of our prototype, we are also developing a roughly 42,000,000 page complex document test collection. The collection will include relevance judgments for queries at a variety of levels of detail and depending on a variety of content and structural characteristics of documents, as well as "known item" queries looking for particular documents.