Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of 3-D Power Delivery Networks With Multiple Clock Domains

Ongoing advancements in 3-D manufacturing are enabling 3-D ICs to contain several processing cores, hardware accelerators, and dedicated peripherals. Most of these functional units operate with independent clock frequencies for power management reasons or simply for being hard intellectual properties. Thus, as diverse and heterogeneous circuits can be implemented on a 3-D IC, it also leads to the use of multiple clock domains. While these domains allow many functional units to run in parallel to exploit 3-D potentials, they also introduce power delivery challenges. This paper proposes an efficient analysis for assessing the worst case power supply noise on 3-D power delivery networks (PDNs) with multiple clock domains. This paper discusses power and thermal integrity issues that arise from multiple clock domains that share the same 3-D global PDN. We first examine power supply noise distribution on each tier and investigate scenarios that lead to worst case noise. Thermal analyses are also performed and heat distribution among clock domains and tiers is examined. In addition, the impact of clock domain structure and frequency on the overall power supply noise and temperature distribution has been quantified. Experiments show that the multiclock domains can induce excessive noise and the through-silicon-vias can contribute to power supply noise and heat transfer among tiers. This paper presents a summary of guidelines for modeling, analyzing, and exploring a design of reliable 3-D PDNs with multiple clock domains.
Whole‐Heart Coronary MRA with 3D Affine Motion Correction Using 3D Image‐Based Navigation

Robust motion correction is necessary to minimize respiratory motion artefacts in coronary MR angiography (CMRA). The state‐of‐the‐art method uses a 1D feet‐head translational motion correction approach, and data acquisition is limited to a small window in the respiratory cycle, which prolongs the scan by a factor of 2–3. The purpose of this work was to implement 3D affine motion correction for Cartesian whole‐heart CMRA using a 3D navigator (3D‐NAV) to allow for data acquisition throughout the whole respiratory cycle.
Pervasive Urban Sensing with Large-Scale Mobile Probe Vehicles

With the advance of embedded sensing devices, Pervasive Urban Sensing (PUS) with probe vehicles is becoming increasingly practical. A probe vehicle is equipped with onboard sensing devices that detect urban information as the probe vehicle drive across the road network. For example, GPS sensors can detect real-time vehicle status including instant speed and physical position. PUS can provide the general public valuable urban sensing information, such as frequently updated digital maps, and real-time traffic light states. In this paper, we first present the framework of Pervasive Urban Sensing with probe vehicles. Next, we present two cases of urban sensing with probe vehicles. As case one, we discuss the design of a sensing algorithm for detecting the instant state of traffic lights. As case two, we discuss the design of sensing algorithms for recognizing roads by using the vehicular footprints. Some preliminary results of these two cases of urban sensing are presented and discussed.
Decomposable and responsive power models for multicore processors using performance counters

Power modeling based on performance monitoring counters (PMCs) attracted the interest of researchers since it became a quick approach to understand and analyse power behavior on real systems. As a result, several power-aware policies use power models to guide their decisions and to trigger low-level mechanisms such as voltage and frequency scaling. Hence, the presence of power models that are informative, accurate and capable of detecting power phases is critical to increase the power-aware research chances and to improve the success of power-saving techniques based on them. In addition, the design of current processors has varied considerably with the inclusion of multiple cores with some resources shared on a single die. As a result, PMC-based power models warrant further investigation on current energy-efficient multi-core processors. In this paper, we present a methodology to produce decomposable PMC-based power models on current multicore architectures. Apart from being able to estimate the power consumption accurately, the models provide per component power consumption, supplying extra insights about power behavior. Moreover, we validate their responsiveness -the capacity to detect power phases-. Specifically, we produce a set of power models for an Intel® Core#8482; 2 Duo. We model one and two cores for a wide set of DVFS configurations. The models are empirically validated by using the SPEC-cpu2006 benchmark suite and we compare them to other models built using existing approaches. Overall, we demonstrate that the proposed methodology produces more accurate and responsive power models. Concretely, our models show a [1.89--6]% error range and almost 100% accuracy in detecting phase variations above 0.5 watts.
Islands of non-essential genes, including a DNA translocation operon, in the genome of bacteriophage 0305ϕ8-36

We investigate genes of lytic, Bacillus thuringiensis bacteriophage 0305ϕ8-36 that are non-essential for laboratory propagation, but might have a function in the wild. We isolate deletion mutants to identify these genes. The non-permutation of the genome (218.948 Kb, with a 6.479 Kb terminal repeat and 247 identified orfs) simplifies isolation of deletion mutants. We find two islands of non-essential genes. The first island (3.01% of the genomic DNA) has an informatically identified DNA translocation operon. Deletion causes no detectable growth defect during propagation in a dilute agarose overlay. Identification of the DNA translocation operon begins with a DNA relaxase and continues with a translocase and membrane-binding anchor proteins. The relaxase is in a family, first identified here, with homologs in other bacteriophages. The second deleted island (3.71% of the genome) has genes for two metallo-protein chaperonins and two tRNAs. Deletion causes a significant growth defect. In addition, (1) we find by “in situ” (in-plaque) single-particle fluorescence microscopy that adsorption to the host occurs at the tip of the 486 nm long tail, (2) we develop a procedure of 0305ϕ8-36 purification that does not cause tail contraction, and (3) we then find by electron microscopy that 0305ϕ8-36 undergoes tail tip-tail tip dimerization that potentially blocks adsorption to host cells, presumably with effectiveness that increases as the bacteriophage particle concentration increases. These observations provide an explanation of the previous observation that 0305ϕ8-36 does not lyse liquid cultures, even though 0305ϕ8-36 is genomically lytic.
Sparse non-parametric Bayesian model for HEP-2 cell image classification

This paper studies automated classification of Human Epithelial Type-2 (HEp-2) cell images which is essential in diagnosing the Autoimmune Diseases (AD). The prevalent approach for this problem makes use of the Bag of Words (BoW) model and sparse coding scheme on over complete dictionaries, where the dictionary dimension is usually much larger than feature dimension. In addition, this approach usually requires manual selection of the dictionary dimension which is often troublesome and dependent highly on specific applications and datasets. We proposed a non-parametric Bayesian model that is capable of determining the dictionary dimension automatically by exploiting the Indian Buffet Process (IBP). This proposed model has been evaluated on two public HEp-2 benchmarking datasets, i.e., ICPR2012 and ICIP2013 where the SIFT and SURF features of the cell image are extracted in a grid manner and used as the input. Experiments show that the proposed model obtained state-of-the-art cell classification accuracy. More importantly, the dictionary dimension learned by the proposed model is around 29 and 8 times lower than the over complete dictionaries, respectively, for two benchmarking datasets. This low-dimensional dictionary helps to reduce the computational cost significantly for the cell classification task.
Differential regulation of TSG‐14 expression in murine fibroblasts and peritoneal macrophages

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐stimulated gene 14 (TSG‐14, also termed PTX3) encodes a secreted glycoprotein whose carboxyterminal half shares sequence similarity with the pentraxin family of acute phase proteins (C‐reactive protein and serum amyloid P component). We compared TSG‐14 mRNA expression in cultures of murine BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts and thioglycollateelicited peritoneal macrophages. TNF and interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) potently induced TSG‐14 expression in 3T3 fibroblasts but not in peritoneal macrophages. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elicited TSG‐14 expression in both cell types, but induction in 3T3 cells and macrophages showed several distinct characteristics. Whereas in 3T3 fibroblasts TSG‐14 mRNA was rapidly up‐regulated by LPS, expression in macrophages was substantially delayed. Furthermore, cycloheximide greatly reduced LPS‐induced TSG‐14 mRNA up‐regulation in macrophages but not in 3T3 cells. Finally, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ; but not IFN‐α/β) inhibited LPS‐induced TSG‐14 expression in macrophages and not in 3T3 fibroblasts. The antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibited LPS‐induced nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation and TSG‐14 expression in macrophages. In contrast, IFN‐γ did not inhibit NF‐κB function as measured by IκB‐α and IκB‐β degradation, IκB‐α resynthesis, or electrophoretic mobility shift analysis. Inhibition of LPS‐induced TSG‐14 mRNA expression by IFN‐γ in macrophages was also observed in the presence of cycloheximide and in cells from STAT1 null mice, suggesting that IFN‐γ inhibits TSG‐14 expression through an unconventional mechanism. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67: 387–395; 2000.
Towards a Possibilistic Logic

In this paper, we investigate how linguistic information can be incorporated into classical propositional logic. First, we show that Zadeh’s extension principle can be justified and at the same time generalized by considerations about transformation of possibility measures. Using these results, we show how linguistic uncertainty about the truth value of a proposition leads to the introduction of the notion of a possibilistic truth value. Since propositions can be combined into new ones using logical operators, linguistic uncertainty about the truth values of the original propositions leads to linguistic uncertainty about the truth value of the resulting proposition. Furthermore, we show that in a number of special cases there is truth-functionality, i.e., the possibilistic truth value of the resulting proposition is a function of the possibilistic truth values of the original propositions. We are thus led to the introduction of possibilistic-logical functions, combining possibilistic truth values. Important classes of such functions, the possibilistic extension logics, directly result from the abovementioned investigation, and are studied extensively. Finally, the relation between these logics, and Kleene’s strong multi-valued systems is established.
A Note on the Uniform Kan Condition in Nominal Cubical Sets

Bezem, Coquand, and Huber have recently given a constructively valid model of higher type theory in a category of nominal cubical sets satisfying a novel condition, called the uniform Kan condition (UKC), which generalizes the standard cubical Kan condition (as considered by, for example, Williamson in his survey of combinatorial homotopy theory) to admit phantom "additional" dimensions in open boxes. This note, which represents the authors' attempts to fill in the details of the UKC, is intended for newcomers to the field who may appreciate a more explicit formulation and development of the main ideas. The crux of the exposition is an analogue of the Yoneda Lemma for co-sieves that relates geometric open boxes bijectively to their algebraic counterparts, much as its progenitor for representables relates geometric cubes to their algebraic counterparts in a cubical set. This characterization is used to give a formulation of uniform Kan fibrations in which uniformity emerges as naturality in the additional dimensions.
Physical inactivity and television-viewing time among Aboriginal adults with asthma: a cross-sectional analysis of the Aboriginal Peoples Survey.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this analysis was to (1) determine the association between asthma and physical activity levels or sedentary time among Aboriginal adults, and (2) understand the influence of physical inactivity and sedentary time on health care use among Aboriginal adults with asthma. METHODS We analyzed 20 953 adults from the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey. Those with self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma and a current prescription for asthma medication were considered to have current asthma. Insufficient physical activity was defined as < 3 hours/week of moderate to vigorous physical activity; high television screen time was defined as > 10 hours/week. Health care use was assessed using the number of health professional visits and overnight hospital stays. RESULTS Aboriginal adults with asthma were more likely to report high television-viewing time (OR = 1.16; CI: 1.11-1.22) and insufficient physical activity (OR = 1.15; CI: 1.10-1.20) than those without asthma. Those with asthma who reported high television-viewing time reported more health professional consults in the past 12 months (OR = 2.59; CI: 2.34-2.87), more overnight stays in hospital in the past year (OR = 1.95; CI: 1.82-2.08) and more overnight stays in the hospital in the past 5 years (OR = 1.13; CI: 1.07-1.18); results were less consistent for physical activity and health care use. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Aboriginal adults with asthma are less active than their peers without asthma and that such a lifestyle may be associated with higher health care use. These findings have implications for physical activity promotion and sedentary behaviour strategies targeting Aboriginal adults with asthma.
Effective Interference Cancellation Mechanisms for D2D Communication in Multi-Cell Cellular Networks

In a Device-to-Device (D2D) underlaying cellular system, interference cancellation is a key problem when uplink spectrums are shared and this problem becomes more complex in a multi-cell cellular network. In this paper, we propose an effective near-far interference avoidance scheme in a multi-cell cellular system. After monitoring the related control channels of a D2D subsystem and exchanging necessary information among neighboring eNBs, an eNB may stop scheduling the interfering cellular devices or facilitate power control mechanisms for the victim D2D users such that the inter-cell near-far interference can be mitigated. Simulations prove that our mechanism is effective and satisfying performance improvement can be obtained.
Visibility of transparent objects in the eye by retroillumination.

Retroillumination is performed at the slit-lamp with the binocular microscope focused upon the object which is illuminated from behind by the slit-lamp beam reflected off some structure posterior to the object (Vogt, I930). Objects in the cornea and lens are observed in this way and the reflectors used are the iris, the lens, or the fundus. The use of the ophthalmoscope for retroillumination of the cornea is also described (Chandler, I945). Objects are visible because they interfere with the emergent light from the eye by obstruction, refraction, respersion (Berliner, 1943), and reflection. Transparent objects are visible by retroillumination when the refractive index of the object is above or below that of the surrounding medium. The property mainly responsible is refraction, but reflection also plays some part. The observed appearance changes with the direction of the retroillumination and with the refractive nature of the object. From the appearance of an object under varying retroillumination conditions, conclusions can be drawn about the refractive nature of the object. Although a variety of combinations of shapes and refractive indices are possible in the object, these can be resolved into only two observable effects: (i) The object acting as a diverging refractor (lens or cylinder). (2) The object acting as a converging refractor (lens or cylinder). Clinical examples are shown in macrophotographs made by the technique previously described (Brown, I970). Photographs are shown for comparison of a diverging lens (plano-concave) and of a converging lens (plano-convex) (Fig. 2). A model has been constructed to resemble objects found in the eye. The model has two spherical objects imbedded in a clear medium (gelatin): one object of low refractive index (air) which acts as a diverging lens, and one of high refractive index (liquid paraffin) which acts as a converging lens. Photographs are shown of the model under varying conditions of illumination (Figs 3, 4, and 5).
Ingestive Behavior and Neurosciences Long-Term Administration of Green Tea Catechins Improves Spatial Cognition Learning Ability in Rats 1

Green tea catechins confer potent biological properties including antioxidation and free-radical scavenging. We investigated the effect of long-term oral administration of green tea catechins (Polyphenon E, PE: EGCG 63%; EC 11%; EGC 6%; ECG 6%) mixed with water on the spatial cognition learning ability of young rats. The learning ability of rats administered PE (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%) for 26 wk was assessed in the partially baited 8-arm radial maze. Relative to controls, those administered PE had improved reference and working memory–related learning ability. They also had lower plasma concentrations of lipid peroxides and greater plasma ferric-reducing antioxidation power than controls. Furthermore, rats administered PE had lower hippocampus reactive oxygen species concentrations than controls. We suggest that this improvement in spatial cognitive learning ability is due to the antioxidative activity of green tea catechins. J. Nutr. 136: 1043–1047, 2006.
Data desensitization of customer data for use in optimizer performance experiments

Improving the performance and functionality of database system optimizers requires experimentation on real customer data. Often these data are of sensitive nature and the only way to keep them is by applying a non-reversible transformation to obfuscate them. However, in order that the database optimizer generates exactly the same query plans as for the sensitive data, the transformation has to preserve the order and some important properties of the data distribution. Unfortunately, existing data obfuscation techniques do not preserve all of these properties and therefore are not applicable in this context. In this paper we present a Desensitizer tool that we have developed for optimizer performance experiments of HP's Neoview high availability data warehousing product. The tool is based on novel numeric and string desensitization algorithms which are agnostic to the database system. We explain the core concepts behind the algorithms, how they preserve the required data properties and important implementation considerations that were made. We present the architecture of the Desensitizer tool and results of the extensive validation that we conducted.
Nouvelles pratiques de travail et taux de demissions : problemes methodologiques et donnees empiriques pour le Canada

A l'aide d'un echantillon national representatif d'etablissements, nous avons cherche a determiner si l'adoption de certaines pratiques de travail equivalentes (PTE) a tendance a reduire le taux de demissions. Dans l'ensemble, notre analyse fournit des preuves solides d'une association negative entre l'adoption de certaines PTE et le taux de demissions, pour les etablissements comptant plus de dix employes du secteur des services hautement specialises. Nous degageons aussi certaines preuves d'une association negative pour le secteur des services peu specialises. Cependant, la force de cette association negative diminue considerablement lorsque nous ajoutons un indicateur precisant si l'etablissement a adopte ou non une politique officielle de partage de l'information. Dans le secteur de la fabrication, les preuves d'une association negative sont faibles. Bien que les etablissements ayant des groupes de travail autonomes aient affiche un taux de demissions plus faible que les autres, aucun ensemble de pratiques de travail etudie n'a d'effet negatif et statistiquement significatif sur ce taux. Nous emettons l'hypothese que les PTE cles peuvent reduire davantage le roulement de la main-d'oeuvre dans des environnements techniquement complexes que dans des environnements requerant peu de competences.
Octopaminergic modulation of temporal frequency tuning of a fly visual motion-sensitive neuron depends on adaptation level

Several recent studies in invertebrates as well as vertebrates have demonstrated that neuronal response characteristics of sensory neurons can be profoundly affected by an animal’s locomotor activity. The functional consequences of such state-dependent modulation have been a matter of intense debate. In flies, a particularly interesting finding was that tethered walking or flying causes not only general response enhancement of visual motion-sensitive neurons, but also broadens their temporal frequency tuning towards higher values. However, in other studies such state-dependent alterations of neuronal tuning functions were not found. We hypothesize that these discrepancies were due to different adaptation levels of the motion-sensitive neurons, resulting from the use of different stimulation protocols. This is plausible, because the strength of adaptation during ongoing stimulation was shown to be affected by chlordimeform (CDM), an agonist of the insect neuromodulator octopamine, which mediates state-dependent modulation. Our results show that CDM causes broadening of the temporal frequency tuning of the blowfly’s visual motion-sensitive H1 neuron only in the adapted state, but not prior to the presentation of adapting motion. Thus, our study indicates that seemingly conflicting results on the locomotor state-dependence of neuronal tuning functions are consistent when considering the neurons’ adaptation level. Moreover, it demonstrates that stimulation history has to be considered when the significance of state-dependent modulation of sensory processing is interpreted.
Dissecting the indirect effects caused by vaccines into the basic elements

Vaccination directly protects vaccinated individuals, but it also has the potential for indirectly protecting the unvaccinated in a population (herd protection). Unintended negative consequences such as the re-manifestation of infection, mainly expressed as age shifts, result from vaccination programs as well. We discuss the necessary conditions for achieving optimal herd protection (i.e., high quality vaccine-induced immunity, substantial effect on the force of infection, and appropriate vaccine coverage and distribution), as well as the conditions under which age shifts are likely to occur. We show examples to illustrate these effects. Substantial ambiguity in observing and quantifying these indirect vaccine effects makes accurate evaluation troublesome even though the nature of these outcomes may be critical for accurate assessment of the economic value when decision makers are evaluating a novel vaccine for introduction into a particular region or population group. More investigation is needed to identify and develop successful assessment methodologies for precisely analyzing these outcomes.