Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Optimal Rate Control and Scheduling for Spectrum-Sharing Multi-Hop Networks

The multi-hop multi-flow transmission has been proposed as a promising solution to cope with the spectrum scarcity in densely populated user environments. Due to the mutual interference between different flows and different hops of the same flow, the resource allocation for multi-hop multi-flow wireless networks is in general non-convex, and thus cannot be solved by conventional convex optimization techniques. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to effectively solve the resource allocation problem by jointly optimizing the rate control and scheduling. Specifically, we show that the problem can be decomposed into a set of problems that maximizes the weight-sum-flow rate at each slot. Furthermore, to solve the non-convex weighted sum flow rate maximization problem, we exploit its hidden monotonicity and develop a global optimal rate control and scheduling (G-RCS) algorithm based on the theory of monotonic optimization. Our analysis shows that the proposed G-RCS algorithm is guaranteed to converge to an optimal solution in a finite number of iterations. To reduce the complexity, we propose an accelerated algorithm, referred to as the A-G-RCS, based on the inherent symmetry of the optimal solution. Numerical results validate that the proposed algorithms can serve as a performance benchmark for the existing heuristic algorithms.
M1 Agonists for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

The AF series compounds, AF102B and congeners of AF150(S), are functionally selective agonists for m1 muscarinic receptors (m1AChRs). This is shown in stable transfected CHO and PC12 cells (PC12M1) with m1‐m5AChRs and m1AChRs, respectively. AF102B and AF150(S) are partial agonists, but AF150, AF151, and AF151(S) are full agonists in stimulating phosphoinositides hydrolysis or arachidonic acid release in these cells. Yet, all these compounds behave as antagonists when compared with carbachol in elevating cAMP levels. In PC12M1 cells, unlike carbachol, the AF series compounds induce only minimal to moderate neurite outgrowth. Yet, these agonists synergize strongly with NGF, which by itself mediates only a mild response. Stimulation of m1AChRs by AF102B, AF150(S) and AF151(S) in PC12M1 cells enhances secretion of β/A4 amyloid precursor protein derivatives (APPs). The enhanced APPs secretion induced by AF102B is potentiated by NGF. AF102B also stimulates APPs secretion from rat cortical slices. Stimulation of m1AChR in PC12M1 cells with carbachol or AF102B decreases tau phosphorylation as indicated by specific tau‐1 mAb and alkaline phosphatase treatment. Due to the above mentioned properties m1 agonists may be of unique value in delaying the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The AF series compounds show a wide safety margin and improve memory and learning deficits in animal models for AD. There is a dearth of clinical reports on m1 agonists. These include studies on AF102B and xanomeline, another m1 selective agonist. We tested AF102B in escalating doses of 20, 40, 60 mg, tid, po, (each dose for 2 weeks) for a total of 10 weeks. This was a single‐blind placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study in patients with probable AD. AFl02B was signiticantly effective at 40 and 60 mg, tid in the ADAS, ADAS‐cognitive and ADAS‐word recognition scales.
Stock Market Wealth Effects and the New Economy: A Cross‐Country Study

This paper investigates the impact from changes in "new" and "old" economy stock valuations on private consumption. The results from estimating a reduced form VAR for seven OECD countries for the 1990s suggest that the impact from changes in old economy stock valuations on consumption is, in general, larger in countries with market-based financial systems (USA, Canada and the UK) than in countries with bank-based financial systems (continental Europe). Furthermore, the results indicate that the impact from changes in new economy valuations to consumption is roughly the same in the USA, Canada, the UK and in continental Europe. In addition, the results suggest that, in continental Europe, the impact on consumption from changes in the valuation of new economy stocks is bigger than from the old economy stocks, whereas for the Anglo-Saxon countries, the impact is more or less the same between the two sectors. Copyright 2002 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
A Network-Specific Markov Random Field Approach to Community Detection

Markov Random Field (MRF) is a powerful framework for developing probabilistic models of complex problems. MRF models possess rich structures to represent properties and constraints of a problem. It has been successful on many application problems, particularly those of computer vision and image processing, where data are structured, e.g., pixels are organized on grids. The problem of identifying communities in networks, which is essential for network analysis, is in principle analogous to finding objects in images. It is surprising that MRF has not yet been explored for network community detection. It is challenging to apply MRF to network analysis problems where data are organized on graphs with irregular structures. Here we present a network-specific MRF approach to community detection. The new method effectively encodes the structural properties of an irregular network in an energy function (the core of an MRF model) so that the minimization of the function gives rise to the best community structures. We analyzed the new MRF-based method on several synthetic benchmarks and real-world networks, showing its superior performance over the state-of-the-art methods for community identification.
Meat demand in China

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide a thorough analysis of meat demand in China and predict future trends in meat consumption. Design/methodology/approach - Expenditure as well as Marshallian and Hicksian demand elasticities of various meats in China are evaluated using the linear almost ideal demand system. Findings - Results from this paper show that pork, the primary meat in Chinese diets, has become a necessity and that poultry, beef, mutton, and fish are considered luxuries within the meat budget allocation of Chinese households. Furthermore, the results predict that for any increase in future meat expenditure, the largest share of that increase will be allocated to pork consumption. Originality/value - This paper fills a gap currently present in the empirical literature regarding time series meat demand analysis in China. This paper makes use of newly available time series data on Chinese meat consumption and prices to estimate expenditure as well as own-price and cross-price elasticities. Implications for both domestic meat producers and grain exporters are discussed.
Vehicular Network-Aware Route Selection Considering Communication Requirements of Users for ITS

Increasing demands of mobile users on communication and new types of devices, such as sensors, machines, and vehicles, impose high load on cellular networks. Since requirements are expected to rise in a near future, new ways for cellular network offloading are needed. A promising solution for vehicles and vehicular users is to offload data to vehicular networks. To maximize offloading of the cellular networks, the vehicles can be navigated through areas characterized with more available communication capacity. Hence, we propose a novel scalable traveling route selection algorithm determining the route according to a traveling time and available throughput of both cellular and vehicular networks. While the maximum tolerated traveling time is defined by the vehicular users, an estimation of available throughput is based on a vehicular movement prediction. The proposed route selection algorithm is able to offload cellular network by up to 17% and time spent without required quality of connection can be reduced by 65%. At the same time, the traveling time is prolonged only negligibly in comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms.
The Lewis-Y Carbohydrate Antigen is Expressed by Many Human Tumors and Can Serve as a Target for Genetically Redirected T cells Despite the Presence of Soluble Antigen in Serum

In this study we aimed to determine the suitability of the Lewis-Y carbohydrate antigen as a target for immunotherapy using genetically redirected T cells. Using the 3S193 monoclonal antibody and immunohistochemistry, Lewis-Y was found to be expressed on a range of tumors including 42% squamous cell lung carcinoma, 80% lung adenocarcinoma, 25% ovarian carcinoma, and 25% colorectal adenocarcinoma. Expression levels varied from low to intense on between 1% and 90% of tumor cells. Lewis-Y was also found in soluble form in sera from both normal donors and cancer patients using a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels in patients was often less than 1 ng/mL, similar to normal donors, but approximately 30% of patients had soluble Lewis-Y levels exceeding 1 ng/mL and up to 9 ng/mL. Lewis-Y–specific human T cells were generated by genetic modification with a chimeric receptor encoding a single-chain humanized antibody linked to the T-cell signaling molecules, T-cell receptor-zeta, and CD28. T cells responded against the Lewis-Y antigen by cytokine secretion and cytolysis in response to tumor cells. Importantly, the T-cell response was not inhibited by patient serum containing soluble Lewis-Y. This study demonstrates that Lewis-Y is expressed on a large number of tumors and Lewis-Y–specific T cells can retain antitumor function in the presence of patient serum, indicating that this antigen is a suitable target for this form of therapy.
LRRC4 inhibits human glioblastoma cells proliferation, invasion, and proMMP‐2 activation by reducing SDF‐1α/CXCR4‐mediated ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways

Gliomas take a number of different genetic routes in the progression to glioblastoma multiforme, a highly invasive variant that is mostly unresponsive to current therapies. The α‐chemokine stromal cell‐derived factor (SDF)‐1α binds to the seven transmembrane G‐protein‐coupled CXCR‐4 receptor and acts to modulate cell migration and proliferation by activating multiple signal transduction pathways. Leucine‐rich repeats containing 4 (LRRC4), a putative glioma suppressive gene, inhibits glioblastoma cells tumorigenesis in vivo and cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. We also previously demonstrated that LRRC4 controlled glioblastoma cells proliferation by ERK/AKT/NF‐κB signaling pathway. In the present study, we demonstrate that CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is expressed in human glioblastoma U251 cell line, and that SDF‐1α increases the proliferation, chemotaxis, and invasion in CXCR4+ glioblastoma U251 cells through the activation of ERK1/2 and Akt. The reintroduction of LRRC4 in U251 cells inhibits the expression of CXCR4 and SDF‐1α/CXCR4 axis‐mediated downstream intracellular pathways such as ERK1/2 and Akt leading to proliferate, chemotactic and invasive effects. Furthermore, we provide evidence for proMMP‐2 activation involvement in the SDF‐1α/CXCR4 axis‐mediated signaling pathway. LRRC4 significantly inhibits proMMP‐2 activation by SDF‐1α/CXCR4 axis‐mediated ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathway. Collectively, these results suggest a possible important “cross‐talk” between LRRC4 and SDF‐1α/CXCR4 axis‐mediated intracellular pathways that can link signals of cell proliferation, chemotaxis and invasion in glioblastoma, and may represent a new target for development of new therapeutic strategies in glioma. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 245–255, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of essential oils on Aspergillus spore germination, growth and mycotoxin production: a potential source of botanical food preservative.

OBJECTIVE To investigate effect of essential oils on Aspergillus spore germination, growth and mycotoxin production. METHOD In vitro antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity of essential oils was carried out using poisoned food techniques, spore germination assay, agar dilution assay, and aflatoxin arresting assay on toxigenic strains of Aspergillus species. RESULTS Cymbopogon martinii, Foeniculum vulgare and Trachyspermum ammi (T. ammi) essential oils were tested against toxicogenic isolates of Aspergillus species. T. ammi oil showed highest antifungal activity. Absolute mycelial inhibition was recorded at 1 µl/mL by essential oils of T. ammi. The oil also showed, complete inhibition of spore germination at a concentration of 2 µl/mL. In addition, T. ammi oil showed significant antiaflatoxigenic potency by totally inhibiting aflatoxin production from Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus at 0.5 and 0.75 µl/mL, respectively. Cymbopogon martinii, Foeniculum vulgare and T. ammi oils as antifungal were found superior over synthetic preservative. Moreover, a concentration of 5 336.297 µl/kg body weight was recorded for LC50 on mice indicating the low mammalian toxicity and strengthening its traditional reputations. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the essential oils from T. ammi can be a potential source of safe natural food preservative for food commodities contamination by storage fungi.
Adaptive array methods for mobile communication

This paper concerns the use of adaptive arrays in mobile communication for reducing co-channel interference and compensating desired signal fading, thereby increasing the channel capacity. Antenna arrays may be used at the base station and/or at the mobile unit. Methods for optimal combining of the antenna outputs are discussed. A simple technique for base station reception due to clustered scatterers around a mobile is proposed. A preliminary simulation study is presented. <<ETX>>
Depression and Newcastle scales. Their relationship to Hamilton's scale.

Ninety-seven patients, treated with E.C. T. and followed up to three months, were rated initially on the Newcastle diagnosis and E.C. T. prediction scales and Hamilton's scale. After E.C. T. and at three months they were rated on a four-point global scale and Hamilton's scale. With respect to original diagnoses of endogenous and neurotic depression, only eight patients were misclassified by the diagnosis scale. Patients categorized as \`endogenous' had a significantly better outcome at three months as judged by Hamilton's and global scales than those classified as \`neurotic'. Patients for whom a good outcome was predicted by the E.C. T. scale also had a significantly better outcome as judged by the two assessment methods than those for whom a poor outcome was predicted. Increasing scores on the diagnosis and E.C. T. scales were closely correlated with mean falls in Hamilton's score. On rating 11 patients independently on the two Newcastle scales, two or more raters achieved complete concordance with respect to differential diagnosis and good or bad E.C. T. response. Severity of illness as judged by Hamilton's scale was found to be equal for both types of depression, a finding supporting the binary view of depression. With regard to the categorical versus the dimensional question the evidence was inconclusive but was felt to fit a compromise hypothesis—that neurotic depression is dimensional and endogenous categorical.
Statistical Machine Translation as a Language Model for Handwriting Recognition

When performing handwriting recognition on natural language text, the use of a word-level language model (LM) is known to significantly improve recognition accuracy. The most common type of language model, the n-gram model, decomposes sentences into short, overlapping chunks. In this paper, we propose a new type of language model which we use in addition to the standard n-gram LM. Our new model uses the likelihood score from a statistical machine translation system as a reranking feature. In general terms, we automatically translate each OCR hypothesis into another language, and then create a feature score based on how "difficult" it was to perform the translation. Intuitively, the difficulty of translation correlates with how well-formed the input sentence is. In an Arabic handwriting recognition task, we were able to obtain an 0.4% absolute improvement to word error rate (WER) on top of a powerful 5-gram LM.
STAR FORMATION SUPPRESSION IN COMPACT GROUP GALAXIES: A NEW PATH TO QUENCHING?

We present CO(1–0) maps of 12 warm H2-selected Hickson Compact Groups (HCGs), covering 14 individually imaged warm H2 bright galaxies, with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy. We found a variety of molecular gas distributions within the HCGs, including regularly rotating disks, bars, rings, tidal tails, and possibly nuclear outflows, though the molecular gas morphologies are more consistent with spirals and early-type galaxies than mergers and interacting systems. Our CO-imaged HCG galaxies, when plotted on the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation, shows star formation (SF) suppression of ⟨ ? > S ? > ⟩ = 10 ± 5 , ? > distributed bimodally, with five objects exhibiting suppressions of S ? > ≳ 10 and depletion timescales ≳10 Gyr. This SF inefficiency is also seen in the efficiency per freefall time of Krumholz et al. We investigate the gas-to-dust ratios of these galaxies to determine if an incorrect LCO–M(H2) conversion caused the apparent suppression and find that HCGs have normal gas-to-dust ratios. It is likely that the cause of the apparent suppression in these objects is associated with shocks injecting turbulence into the molecular gas, supported by the fact that the required turbulent injection luminosity is consistent with the bright H2 luminosity reported by Cluver et al. Galaxies with high SF suppression ( S ? > ≳ 10) also appear to be those in the most advanced stages of transition across both optical and infrared color space. This supports the idea that at least some galaxies in HCGs are transitioning objects, where a disruption of the existing molecular gas in the system suppresses SF by inhibiting the molecular gas from collapsing and forming stars efficiently. These observations, combined with recent work on poststarburst galaxies with molecular reservoirs, indicates that galaxies do not need to expel their molecular reservoirs prior to quenching SF and transitioning from blue spirals to red early-type galaxies. This may imply that SF quenching can occur without the need to starve a galaxy of cold gas first.
Service productivity: Towards understanding the relationship between operational and customer productivity

It is surprising that little empirical research has been conducted in the area of service productivity given its impact on organisational costs. In order to try to encourage such research, this paper provides a structure for analysing productivity in service organisations by distinguishing between operational and customer productivity. The paper also clarifies the meaning of “productivity” and differentiates it from efficiency and utilisation. The authors identify some of the problems in measuring productivity, especially in a service setting, and then use a few examples to illustrate the sometimes counterintuitive relationship between operational and customer productivity.
Dietary acidification enhances phosphorus digestibility but decreases H+/K+-ATPase expression in rainbow trout

SUMMARY Oxynticopeptic cells of fish stomach are thought to secrete less acid than the specialized parietal cells of mammalian stomach. Gastric acidity, however, has not been directly compared between fish and mammals. We therefore fed rainbow trout and rats the same meal, and found that the lowest postprandial pH of trout stomach was 2.7, which was only transiently sustained for 1 h, whereas that of rat stomach was 1.3, which was sustained for 3 h. Postprandial pH of the small intestine was slightly higher in trout (∼8.0) than in rats (∼7.6), but pH of the large intestine was similar (∼8.0). Addition of acids to fish feeds, in an attempt to aid the weak acidity of fish stomach, has been known to improve phosphorus digestibility, but its physiological effect on fish stomach is not known. Exogenous acids did improve phosphorus digestibility but also decreased steady-state mRNA expression of trout H+/K+-ATPase (ATP4A, the proton pump) as well as Na+/bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC), and had no effect on gastrin-like mRNA and somastostatin (SST) mRNA abundance. Gastrin-like mRNA and SST-2 mRNA were equally distributed between corpus and antrum. ATP4A mRNA and NBC mRNA were in the corpus, whereas SST-1 mRNA was in the antrum. Trout gastrin-like EST had modest homology to halibut and pufferfish gastrin, whereas trout ATP4A mRNA had ≥95% amino acid homology with mammalian, Xenopus and flounder ATP4A. Although ATP4A seems highly conserved among vertebrates, gastric acidity is much less in trout than in rats, explaining the low digestibility of bone phosphorus, abundant in fish diets. Dietary acidification does not reduce acidity enough to markedly improve phosphorus digestibility, perhaps because exogenous acids may inhibit endogenous acid production.
miRNA involvement in cell cycle regulation in colorectal cancer cases

Uncontrolled cell replication is a key component of carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate genes involved in checkpoints, DNA repair, and genes encoding for key proteins regulating the cell cycle. We investigated how miRNAs and mRNAs in colorectal cancer subjects interact to regulate the cell cycle. Using RNA-Seq data from 217 individuals, we analyzed differential expression (carcinoma minus normal mucosa) of 123 genes within the cell cycle pathway with differential miRNA expression, adjusting for age and sex. Multiple comparison adjustments for gene/miRNA associations were made at the gene level using an FDR <0.05. Differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were tested for associations with colorectal cancer survival. MRNA and miRNA sequences were compared to identify seed region matches to support biological interpretation of the observed associations. Sixty-seven mRNAs were dysregulated with a fold change (FC) <0.67 or >1.50. Thirty-two mRNAs were associated with 48 miRNAs; 102 of 290 total associations had identified seed matches; of these, ten had negative beta coefficients. Hsa-miR-15a-5p and hsa-miR-20b-5p were associated with colorectal cancer survival with an FDR <0.05 (HR 0.86 95% CI 0.79, 0.94; HR 0.83 95% CI 0.75, 0.91 respectively). Our findings suggest that miRNAs impact mRNA translation at multiple levels within the cell cycle.