Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Representing Incomplete Knowledge in Abductive Logic Programming

Recently, Gelfond and Lifschitz presented a formal language for representing incomplete knowledge on actions and states, and a sound translation from this language to extended logic programming. We present an alternative translation to abductive logic programming with integrity constraints and prove the soundness and completeness. In addition, we show how an abductive procedure can be used, not only for explanation, but also for deduction and proving satissability under uncertainty. From a more general perspective, this work can be viewed as a-successful-experiment in the declarative representation of and automated reasoning on incomplete knowledge using abductive logic programming.
Distinguishing Impulsive, Unsocialized Sensation Seeking A Comparison between Criminal Offenders and the General Population

In 1994 Zuckerman proposed an impulsive and unsocialized form of sensation seeking. Studies considering physical risk seekers (prosocial and antisocial) associate this dimension with Eysenck’s psychoticism (P) and neuroticism (N), as well as with the following subtraits from Zuckerman’s model of sensation seeking: experience seeking (ES), disinhibition (Dis), and boredom susceptibility (BS). The present study explores the structure of sensation seeking in representative samples of males taken from the general population (N = 397) and male prison inmates (N = 183). The results focus on three main points of interest. First, prison inmates score significantly higher in all dimensions (except on E, as measured by the EPQ-R). Second, factor analysis findings show a two factor solution. Dis, ES, and thrill and adventure seeking (TAS) load on the first factor, and this happens for both samples. P, BS, and Dis load on the second factor. These factors are correlated. Finally, a stepwise discriminant analysis shows.
Likelihood-based selection of filtering parameters

Many important problems in signal processing can be reduced to the selection of the parameters in a filtering structure. In this paper, we introduce a general selection criterion that relies on the ability to characterize the desired signal to be obtained at the filter output in terms of its probability density function (pdf). Using this statistical reference, the filter parameters are chosen in order to maximize the likelihood of the filtered signal under the desired probability distribution. We study the feasibility and asymptotic properties of this approach and present an illustrative simulation example, where the Space Alternating Generalized Expectation-maximization (SAGE) algorithm is used in the numerical implementation of the proposed method.
Actinomycetes from Red Sea Sponges: Sources for Chemical and Phylogenetic Diversity

The diversity of actinomycetes associated with marine sponges collected off Fsar Reef (Saudi Arabia) was investigated in the present study. Forty-seven actinomycetes were cultivated and phylogenetically identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and were assigned to 10 different actinomycete genera. Eight putatively novel species belonging to genera Kocuria, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, and Rhodococcus were identified based on sequence similarity values below 98.2% to other 16S rRNA gene sequences available in the NCBI database. PCR-based screening for biosynthetic genes including type I and type II polyketide synthases (PKS-I, PKS-II) as well as nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) showed that 20 actinomycete isolates encoded each at least one type of biosynthetic gene. The organic extracts of nine isolates displayed bioactivity against at least one of the test pathogens, which were Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, human parasites, as well as in a West Nile Virus protease enzymatic assay. These results emphasize that marine sponges are a prolific resource for novel bioactive actinomycetes with potential for drug discovery.
Evidence Feed Forward Hidden Markov Model: A New Type of Hidden Markov Model

Abstract : The ability to predict the intentions of people based solely on their visual actions is a skill only performed by humans and animals. The intelligence of current computer algorithms has not reached this level of complexity, but there are several research efforts that are working towards it. With the number of classification algorithms available, it is hard to determine which algorithm works best for a particular situation. In classification of visual human intent data, Hidden Markov Models (HMM), and their variants, are leading candidates. The inability of HMMs to provide a probability in the observation to observation linkages is a big downfall in this classification technique. If a person is visually identifying an action of another person, they monitor patterns in the observations. By estimating the next observation, people have the ability to summarize the actions, and thus determine, with pretty good accuracy, the intention of the person performing the action. These visual cues and linkages are important in creating intelligent algorithms for determining human actions based on visual observations. The Evidence Feed Forward Hidden Markov Model is a newly developed algorithm which provides observation to observation linkages. The following research addresses the theory behind Evidence Feed Forward HMMs, provides mathematical proofs of their learning of these parameters to optimize the likelihood of observations with a Evidence Feed Forwards HMM, which is important in all computational intelligence algorithm, and gives comparative examples with standard HMMs in classification of both visual action data and measurement data; thus providing a strong base for Evidence Feed Forward HMMs in classification of many types of problems.
The Impact Mechanism of Consumer-generated Comments of Shopping Sites on Consumer Trust

The author aims at studying the influence of consumer-generated comments of the shopping sites on consumer trust. The research divides consumer-generated comments into four types: service comments, product and price comments, self-display comments and after-action comments. With the survey result of 166 college students, the author finds that online shoppers’ trust are influenced by consumer-generated comments of the shopping websites significantly. The data is analyzed by SPSS 15.0 and LISREL 8.8. The results show that product and price comments, the self-display comments, and after-sale action comments influence consumer trust to shopping sites remarkably.
Structure of the O antigen of Escherichia coli K-12 and the sequence of its rfb gene cluster

Escherichia coli K-12 has long been known not to produce an O antigen. We recently identified two independent mutations in different lineages of K-12 which had led to loss of O antigen synthesis (D. Liu and P. R. Reeves, Microbiology 140:49-57, 1994) and constructed a strain with all rfb (O antigen) genes intact which synthesized a variant of O antigen O16, giving cross-reaction with anti-O17 antibody. We determined the structure of this O antigen to be -->2)-beta-D-Galf-(1-->6)-alpha-D-Glcp- (1-->3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->, with an O-acetyl group on C-2 of the rhamnose and a side chain alpha-D-Glcp on C-6 of GlcNAc. O antigen synthesis is rfe dependent, and D-GlcpNAc is the first sugar of the biological repeat unit. We sequenced the rfb (O antigen) gene cluster and found 11 open reading frames. Four rhamnose pathway genes are identified by similarity to those of other strains, the rhamnose transferase gene is identified by assay of its product, and the identities of other genes are predicted with various degrees of confidence. We interpret earlier observations on interaction between the rfb region of Escherichia coli K-12 and those of E. coli O4 and E. coli Flexneri. All K-12 rfb genes were of low G+C content for E. coli. The rhamnose pathway genes were similar in sequence to those of (Shigella) Dysenteriae 1 and Flexneri, but the other genes showed distant or no similarity. We suggest that the K-12 gene cluster is a member of a family of rfb gene clusters, including those of Dysenteriae 1 and Flexneri, which evolved outside E. coli and was acquired by lateral gene transfer.
Autobiographical Memory and Depression: Identity-continuity and Problem-solving Functions Indirectly Predict Symptoms over Time through Psychological Well-being

Summary The aim of this study was to assess the longitudinal associations between adaptive autobiographical memory functions and depressive symptoms. Consistent with the proposed mechanisms of change underpinning cognitive-reminiscence therapy (CRT), it was hypothesised that more frequent adaptive reminiscence would lead to increases in psychological resources over time and indirectly affect depressive symptoms through this pathway. A sample of 171 young adults (mean age = 25.9 years, SD = 3.5) completed measures of how frequently they utilised autobiographical memory for identity-continuity and problem-solving purposes, depressive symptoms and personal resources (self-esteem, self-efficacy, meaning in life and optimism) at two time-points. The results of structural equation modelling supported the model of indirect influence between reminiscence functions and depression through these psychological resources. These findings clarify the effects of adaptive autobiographical memory on depressive symptoms in young adults and indicate potential benefits of interventions such as CRT. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Black carbon physical properties and mixing state in the European megacity Paris

Aerosol hygroscopicity and refractory black car- bon (rBC) properties were characterised during wintertime at a suburban site in Paris, one of the biggest European cities. Hygroscopic growth factor (GF) frequency distribu- tions, characterised by distinct modes of more-hygroscopic background aerosol and non- or slightly hygroscopic aerosol of local (or regional) origin, revealed an increase of the rela- tive contribution of the local sources compared to the back- ground aerosol with decreasing particle size. BC-containing particles in Paris were mainly originating from fresh traf- fic emissions, whereas biomass burning only gave a minor contribution. The mass size distribution of the rBC cores peaked on average at an rBC core mass equivalent diam- eter of DMEV 150 nm. The BC-containing particles were moderately coated (coating thickness 1coat 33 nm on aver- age for rBC cores with DMEV =180-280 nm) and an average mass absorption coefficient (MAC) of 8.6 m 2 g 1 at the wavelength = 880 nm was observed. Different time periods were selected to investigate the properties of BC-containing particles as a function of source and air mass type. The traffic emissions were found to be non-hygroscopic (GF 1.0), and essentially all particles with a dry mobility diameter (D0) larger than D0 = 110 nm contained an rBC core. rBC from traffic emissions was
Moment method analysis of dual slot coupled broad wall slot coupler using Multiple Cavity Modeling Technique

This paper presents, method of moments based analysis of dual slot coupled broad wall slot coupler using Multiple Cavity Modeling Technique (MCMT). Theoretical data for reflection coefficients and transmission coefficients have been obtained. Due to the presence of slots there will be internal mutual coupling between them which has been taken into account. The theoretical data have been compared with Ansoft HFSS's simulated data to validate the proposed method. The excellent agreement obtained between the results validates the analysis.
Patient Volume, Human Resource Levels, and Attrition From HIV Treatment Programs in Central Mozambique

Introduction:Human resource shortages are viewed as one of the primary obstacles to provide effective services to growing patient populations receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to expand ART access further. We examined the relationship of patient volume, human resource levels, and patient characteristics with attrition from HIV treatment programs in central Mozambique. Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult, ART-naive, nonpregnant patients who initiated ART between January 2006 and June 2008 in the national HIV care program. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of patient volume, clinical staff burden, and pharmacy staff burden with attrition, adjusting for patient characteristics. Results:A total of 11,793 patients from 18 clinics were studied. After adjusting for patient characteristics, patients attending clinics with medium pharmacy staff burden [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.39 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.80)] and high pharmacy staff burden [HR = 2.09 (95% CI: 1.50 to 2.91)] tended to have a higher risk of attrition (P value for trend: <0.001). Patients attending clinics with higher clinical staff burden did not have a statistically higher risk of attrition. Patients attending clinics with medium patient volume levels [HR = 1.45 (95% CI: 1.04 to 2.04)] and high patient volume levels [HR = 1.41 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.92)] had a higher risk of attrition, but the trend test was not significant (P = 0.198). Discussion:Patients attending clinics with higher pharmacy staff burden had a higher risk of attrition. These results highlight a potential area within the health system where interventions could be applied to improve the retention of these patient populations.
Category Divergence, Straddling, and Currency: Open Innovation and the Legitimation of Illegitimate Categories

The organizational literature is increasingly interested in the origins and consequences of category emergence. We examine the effects of being affiliated with categories initially considered illegitimate (‘divergence’), and of organizational attempts to blur the boundaries between categories (‘straddling’), on capital market reactions to firm announcements. We develop arguments for how these effects likely vary with increasing legitimation (‘currency’) of the category. We apply event study methodology to the complete population of firms' announcements of open source activities, an open innovation model for software development that is novel and defies the extant dominant logic of software production and valorization. Over a ten‐year period, we find negative effects of divergence, positive effects of straddling, and that the magnitude of both these effects diminishes with increasing category currency. The implications for theories of organization and open innovation in the context of category emergence are discussed.
Lung-protective Ventilation in Patients with Brain Injury: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study and Questionnaire Survey in China

Background:Over the years, the mechanical ventilation (MV) strategy has changed worldwide. The aim of the present study was to describe the ventilation practices, particularly lung-protective ventilation (LPV), among brain-injured patients in China. Methods:This study was a multicenter, 1-day, cross-sectional study in 47 Intensive Care Units (ICUs) across China. Mechanically ventilated patients (18 years and older) with brain injury in a participating ICU during the time of the study, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, postoperation with intracranial tumor, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intracranial infection, and idiopathic epilepsy, were enrolled. Demographic data, primary diagnoses, indications for MV, MV modes and settings, and prognoses on the 60th day were collected. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to assess factors that might affect the use of LPV. Results:A total of 104 patients were enrolled in the present study, 87 (83.7%) of whom were identified with severe brain injury based on a Glasgow Coma Scale ⩽8 points. Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) was the most frequent ventilator mode, accounting for 46.2% of the entire cohort. The median tidal volume was set to 8.0 ml/kg (interquartile range [IQR], 7.0–8.9 ml/kg) of the predicted body weight; 50 (48.1%) patients received LPV. The median positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was set to 5 cmH2O (IQR, 5–6 cmH2O). No PEEP values were higher than 10 cmH2O. Compared with partially mandatory ventilation, supportive and spontaneous ventilation practices were associated with LPV. There were no significant differences in mortality and MV duration between patients subjected to LPV and those were not. Conclusions:Among brain-injured patients in China, SIMV was the most frequent ventilation mode. Nearly one-half of the brain-injured patients received LPV. Patients under supportive and spontaneous ventilation were more likely to receive LPV. Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.org NCT02517073 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02517073.
De overeenkomst in politieke voorkeuren van siblings. De invloed van individuele en familiekenmerken op de politieke-partijvoorkeur

The sibling approach is used to establish the total effect of the family on voting behaviour. Political preferences are for 29 per cent determined by family factors, and for 71 per cent by individual factors. About seven per cent of the individual level variance in political preferences, and 45 per cent of the variance at the family level can be explained. There were significant effects from denomination, social class, gender, and parental political preferences on political preferences. The effect of parental political references was the strongest. The effects of age, parental denomination and parental social class were non-significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Mens en Maatschappij is the property of Amsterdam University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Values, Right-Wing Authoritarianism, Social Dominance Orientation, and Ambivalent Attitudes Toward Women†

This study related hostile and benevolent attitudes toward women (HS and BS) as measured by the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) to 10 value types from the Schwartz Value Survey, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), and social dominance orientation (SDO). Students (N = 170) from an Australian university completed the scales. The results showed gender differences in the importance of power values, HS, BS, RWA, SDO, and in some of the correlations. HS and BS were positively correlated with power and security values, and negatively correlated with universalism and benevolence values after controlling for gender. RWA and SDO were related to distinct value patterns with some overlap, and they partially mediated relations between value importance and HS and BS.
Minimum Rates Scheduling for Ofdm Broadcast Channels

In this paper, we solve the weighted sum rate problem for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) broadcast channel (BC) under a sum power constraint, if minimum rates have to be guaranteed in each fading state and perfect channel state information (CSI) is assumed at the base station and the mobiles. The problem is subdivided into two problems. First, we tackle the problem of feasibility, which occurs since the system is power limited and not all required rates might be supportable. Subsequently, the optimal resource allocation in case of feasibility is derived. Moreover, the optimal decoding order, which is not determined by the problem formulation itself, is obtained as the ordering of the Lagrangian factors of the main problem. Finally, we show that the problem is closely related to the weighted rate sum maximization and sum power minimization and all three can be interpreted in a unifying framework embedded in a higher dimensionality
Treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with anti‐VEGF agents

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the most common cause of severe visual loss in people with diabetes. Although panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) remains the gold standard of care to date, several combinations of new treatment modalities have emerged. These approaches can be used to increase the extent of treatment, expedite the effect of laser treatment and provide alternate measures when laser delivery is difficult or impossible, especially in patients with vitreous haemorrhage. Currently, most of the research in this field is focussed on inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), referred to herein as anti‐VEGF agents. Although limited by their short‐lived effects and a lack of established protocols, anti‐VEGF agents are widely available, especially for the treatment of aggressive PDR. This review analyses published studies using anti‐VEGF agents alone or as an adjunct to other therapies in the treatment of PDR.
Disease spread over randomly switched large-scale networks

In this paper we study disease spread over a randomly switched network, which is modeled by a stochastic switched differential equation based on the so called N-intertwined model for disease spread over static networks. Assuming that all the edges of the network are independently switched, we present sufficient conditions for the convergence of infection probability to zero. Though the stability theory for switched linear systems can naively derive a sufficient condition for the convergence, the condition cannot be used for large-scale networks because, for a network with n agents, it requires computing the maximum real eigenvalue of a matrix of size exponential in n. On the other hand, our conditions that are based also on the spectral theory of random matrices can be checked by computing the maximum real eigenvalue of a matrix of size n.
Prediction of Optimal Folding Routes of Proteins That Satisfy the Principle of Lowest Entropy Loss: Dynamic Contact Maps and Optimal Control

An optimization model is introduced in which proteins try to evade high energy regions of the folding landscape, and prefer low entropy loss routes during folding. We make use of the framework of optimal control whose convenient solution provides practical and useful insight into the sequence of events during folding. We assume that the native state is available. As the protein folds, it makes different set of contacts at different folding steps. The dynamic contact map is constructed from these contacts. The topology of the dynamic contact map changes during the course of folding and this information is utilized in the dynamic optimization model. The solution is obtained using the optimal control theory. We show that the optimal solution can be cast into the form of a Gaussian Network that governs the optimal folding dynamics. Simulation results on three examples (CI2, Sso7d and Villin) show that folding starts by the formation of local clusters. Non-local clusters generally require the formation of several local clusters. Non-local clusters form cooperatively and not sequentially. We also observe that the optimal controller prefers “zipping” or small loop closure steps during folding. The folding routes predicted by the proposed method bear strong resemblance to the results in the literature.
Accessing the Mind’s Eye and Ear: What Might Lab Experiments Tell Us About Film Music?

A psychological understanding of film music ought to be based on ideas derived from audiovisual phenomena in human perception and cognition, allied with experiments designed and calibrated specifically for film music rather than jerry-built from the prevailing methods in psychology and scientific analysis. Possibilities now exist for laboratory experimentation, which might change the way we understand film music and the approaches we take to it.