Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New model for the neutrino mass matrix

I suggest a model based on a softly broken symmetry ${L}_{e}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ and on Babu's mechanism for the two-loop radiative generation of neutrino masses. The model predicts that one of the physical neutrinos $({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3})$ is massless and that its component along the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ direction ${(U}_{e3})$ is zero. Moreover, if the soft-breaking term is assumed to be very small, then the vacuum oscillations of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ have almost maximal amplitude and solve the solar-neutrino problem. New scalars are predicted in the 10 TeV energy range, and a breakdown of $e\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\tau}$ universality should not be far from existing experimental bounds.
Online OLED dynamic voltage scaling for video streaming applications on mobile devices

While OLED is replacing LCD and becoming the display of choice for mobile devices, display still consumes a large portion of total mobile device's power. Reducing OLED display power is of paramount importance for battery-powered mobile devices. With the explosive usage of video streaming on mobile devices, this paper proposes an online dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) approach for mobile video applications to reduce OLED display power consumption. A time-conscious DVS scheme, including scene change detection, voltage initialization and representative-region based voltage adjustment is developed and applied in video streaming. Based on the proposed scheme, flexible OLED DVS solutions can be adaptively derived according to timing constraints. Experimental results show that the proposed online technique achieves 17.3% power saving on average when compared with OLED display without DVS, which is 42.1% of the offline DVS power savings, while keeping more than 99% frames displayed in high quality.
Wheel + Ring = Reel: The Impact of Route Filtering on the Stability of Policy Routing

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) allows providers to express complex routing policies preserving high degrees of autonomy. However, unrestricted routing policies can adversely impact routing stability. A key concept to understand the interplay between autonomy and expressiveness on one side, and stability on the other side, is safety under filtering, i.e., guaranteed stability under autonomous usage of route filters. BGP route filters are used to selectively advertise specific routes to specific neighbors. In this paper, we provide a characterization of safety under filtering, filling the large gap between previously known necessary and sufficient conditions. Our characterization is based on the absence of a particular kind of dispute wheel, a structure involving circular dependencies among routing preferences. We exploit our result to show that networks admitting multiple stable states are provably unsafe under filtering, and the troublesome portion of the configuration can be pinpointed starting from the stable states alone. This is especially interesting from an operational point of view since networks with multiple stable states actually happen in practice (BGP wedgies). Finally, we show that adding filters to an existing configuration may lead to oscillations even if the configuration is safe under any link failure. Unexpectedly, we find policy configurations where misconfigured filters can do more harm than network faults.
InterTubes: A Study of the US Long-haul Fiber-optic Infrastructure

The complexity and enormous costs of installing new long-haul fiber-optic infrastructure has led to a significant amount of infrastructure sharing in previously installed conduits. In this paper, we study the characteristics and implications of infrastructure sharing by analyzing the long-haul fiber-optic network in the US. We start by using fiber maps provided by tier-1 ISPs and major cable providers to construct a map of the long-haul US fiber-optic infrastructure. We also rely on previously under-utilized data sources in the form of public records from federal, state, and municipal agencies to improve the fidelity of our map. We quantify the resulting map's connectivity characteristics and confirm a clear correspondence between long-haul fiber-optic, roadway, and railway infrastructures. Next, we examine the prevalence of high-risk links by mapping end-to-end paths resulting from large-scale traceroute campaigns onto our fiber-optic infrastructure map. We show how both risk and latency (i.e., propagation delay) can be reduced by deploying new links along previously unused transportation corridors and rights-of-way. In particular, focusing on a subset of high-risk links is sufficient to improve the overall robustness of the network to failures. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings on issues related to performance, net neutrality, and policy decision-making.
The Tinkerbell (Tink) Mutation Identifies the Dual-Specificity MAPK Phosphatase INDOLE-3-BUTYRIC ACID-RESPONSE5 (IBR5) as a Novel Regulator of Organ Size in Arabidopsis

Mitogen-activated dual-specificity MAPK phosphatases are important negative regulators in the MAPK signalling pathways responsible for many essential processes in plants. In a screen for mutants with reduced organ size we have identified a mutation in the active site of the dual-specificity MAPK phosphatase INDOLE-3-BUTYRIC ACID-RESPONSE5 (IBR5) that we named tinkerbell (tink) due to its small size. Analysis of the tink mutant indicates that IBR5 acts as a novel regulator of organ size that changes the rate of growth in petals and leaves. Organ size and shape regulation by IBR5 acts independently of the KLU growth-regulatory pathway. Microarray analysis of tink/ibr5-6 mutants identified a likely role for this phosphatase in male gametophyte development. We show that IBR5 may influence the size and shape of petals through auxin and TCP growth regulatory pathways.
Combustion synthesis of MgO nanoparticles using plant extract: Structural characterization and photoluminescence studies

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO Nps) have been successfully synthesized via solution combustion method using Parthenium plant extract as fuel for the first time. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern reveal that product belongs to the cubic phase (Periclase). FTIR spectrum shows the band at 822 cm−1 indicates the formation of cubic periclase MgO. The optical band gap of MgO Nps estimated from UV –Vis spectrum was found to be in the range 5.40–5.45 eV. SEM images showed that, the product is agglomerated and particle in nature. Photoluminescence (PL) studies shows violet emission at 390 nm, blue emission at 470 nm and green emission at 550 nm. MgO Nps shows good photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV/Sun light irradiation.
Computational Tools for the Analysis and Simulation of HIV Drug Resistance

Despite the approval of almost 20 antiretroviral drugs and the use of combination therapy, successful treatment of HIV-infections is hampered by the emergence of drug-resistant genetic variants in response to therapy. Finding a new potent drug combination after treatment failure is considered challenging, because most accumulated mutations confer resistance to multiple drugs. We present three computational tools for the analysis and simulation of viral genomic sequences, phenotypic drug resistance, and clinical outcomes. Mtreemix is a software package for estimating and using mixture models of trees that describe probabilistically the evolution of drug resistance. Geno2pheno is a web-based system for the prediction of phenotypic resistance from viral genotypes. It also implements normalization methods that make these predictions comparable between different drugs. Finally, theo predicts virological response within a patient from the infecting viral strain and the selected drug combination. Together these models and programs provide a quantitative picture of the evolution of drug resistance and support the design of individualized antiviral therapies.
A comparative study on the identification of the dynamical model of multi-mass electrical drives using wavelet transforms

This paper deals with dynamical modelling and modal identification of a special class of electromechanical systems: the multi-mass electrical drives. The aim of the work is to investigate the usefulness and the performance of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) for the estimation of modal parameters, such as damping ratios and natural frequencies of these electromechanical systems. For this investigation, two models of elastic drive systems are considered: the two-mass and the three-mass models. The modal analysis identification using CWT is compared to the Hilbert–Huang transform technique and evaluated in terms of accuracy and ability to estimate modal parameters with different inputs, aptitude to distinguish several modes especially in the case of closely spaced modes and resistance to noisy conditions. In view of the results of the study, the advantages and shortcomings of each technique are presented and discussed.
Current Status of Air Toxics Management and Its Strategies for Controlling Emissions in Taiwan

Since the 1970s, hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), so-called air toxics, have been of great concern because they can cause serious human health effects and have adverse effects on the environment. More noticeably, some of them are known to be human carcinogens. The objective of this paper is to investigate the regulatory systems and human health effects of air toxics which have been designated by the Taiwan government under the Air Pollution Control Act. These toxic air pollutants include acutely toxic gas (i.e., ammonia, chlorine, fluorides, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid), gas containing heavy metals, and carcinogenic chemicals (including formaldehyde, vinyl chloride, asbestos and matter containing asbestos, dioxins and furans, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls). In line with international concern about the carcinogenic risk and environmental persistence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) and heavy metals in recent years, the current status in monitoring and reducing the emissions of PCDDs/PCDFs from stationary sources was analyzed as a case study in the present study. Furthermore, the control strategies for reducing emissions of air toxics from stationary sources in Taiwan were also addressed.
Perfect Space-Time Block Codes for parallel MIMO channels

The problem of designing space-time codes on the MIMO quasi-static channel have received considerable attention these last years. We now know how to design perfect space-time block codes, that is linear information preserving codes achieving the diversity-multiplexing gain (D-M) tradeoff (F. Oggier et al., 2004) (P. Elia et al., 2005). Recent standards using multiple antennas terminals such as IEEE 802.11n or IEEE 802.16e, for example, are based on OFDM. By using interleaving, such OFDM systems can be seen as parallel MIMO quasi-static channels. We propose, here, new perfect space-time block codes for parallel MIMO channels
Implementation of mixed precision in solving systems of linear equations on the Cell processor

This paper describes the design concepts behind implementations of mixed‐precision linear algebra routines targeted for the Cell processor. It describes in detail the implementation of code to solve linear system of equations using Gaussian elimination in single precision with iterative refinement of the solution to the full double‐precision accuracy. By utilizing this approach the algorithm achieves close to an order of magnitude higher performance on the Cell processor than the performance offered by the standard double‐precision algorithm. The code is effectively an implementation of the high‐performance LINPACK benchmark, as it meets all of the requirements concerning the problem being solved and the numerical properties of the solution. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Report of the Committee on Hodgkin's Disease Staging Classification.

Since the Rye classification for staging was produced in 1965, the significance of 2 important observations with major impact on staging has been appreciated. First, extralymphatic disease, if localized and related to adjacent lymph node disease, does not adversely affect the survival of patients. Patients with localized extralymphatic disease do as well as comparable patients of the same stage without extralymphatic spread. Secondly, laparotomy with splenectomy has been introduced as a method of obtaining more information on disease extent in the abdominal region. Thus, it has become necessary to reconsider the Rye classification and to recommend a modified scheme. Staging has 2 aims. The first is to facilitate communication and exchange information. This can be done only at the expense of a loss of some information, as it is necessary to condense in one number a considerable amount of data. Furthermore, intercomparison demands that all the staging procedures performed should be as similar as possible in each center to avoid bias in staging and interpretation of the therapeutic results. The second aim is to provide guidance of prognosis and to assist in therapeutic decisions. This latter aim is best achieved when the greatest amount of information is collected for each patient. It has been recognized that a single staging procedure cannot achieve these 2 purposes. For instance, it is obvious that laparotomy and splenectomy provide much information, but these procedures cannot yet be recommended for every patient. A staging classification based on information obtained by histopathological examination of the spleen and lymph nodes obtained at laparotomy cannot be compared with another done without such vigorous exploration. As a result, unless these factors are taken into account, either intercomparisons of therapeutic results become virtually impossible or much valuable information is excluded from the staging method. Therefore, 2 systems of classifications are presented. Clinical staging (CS). while recognized as incomplete, is easily performed and should be reproducible from one center to another. The second, called pathological staging (PS), takes into account all the extrapathological data obtained from vigorous staging procedures and has a higher degree of precision but is restricted in its application to relatively few centers.
Incomplete Lineage Sorting Is Common in Extant Gibbon Genera

We sequenced reduced representation libraries by means of Illumina technology to generate over 1.5 Mb of orthologous sequence from a representative of each of the four extant gibbon genera (Nomascus, Hylobates, Symphalangus, and Hoolock). We used these data to assess the evolutionary relationships between the genera by evaluating the likelihoods of all possible bifurcating trees involving the four taxa. Our analyses provide weak support for a tree with Nomascus and Hylobates as sister taxa and with Hoolock and Symphalangus as sister taxa, though bootstrap resampling suggests that other phylogenetic scenarios are also possible. This uncertainty is due to short internal branch lengths and extensive incomplete lineage sorting across taxa. The true phylogenetic relationships among gibbon genera will likely require a more extensive whole-genome sequence analysis.
Dislocation–vacancy interactions in tungsten

We systematically investigate the interaction between a monovacancy and various lattice dislocations in body-centered cubic (bcc) metal tungsten by means of atomistic simulations. Two models with a different level of sophistication have been employed for the description of interatomic interactions—the empirical Finnis–Sinclair potential, which is a central-force scheme, and the bond-order potential, which is able to describe correctly unsaturated directional covalent bonds that are crucial for the cohesion and structure of bcc transition metals. Our simulation results show that the vacancy–dislocation interaction depends sensitively on the separation distance and orientation of the two defects. A comparison of the simulation results with the predictions of elasticity theory shows excellent agreement between the two approaches when the separation between the vacancy and the dislocation core is above 0.5 nm. Large deviations from the elastic limit are found at close distances, when the vacancy enters the dislocation core.
Drying of timber in progressive kilns: Simulation, quality, energy consumption and drying cost considerations

Abstract Progressive (semi-continuous) kilns for softwood drying are very common in Finland and Sweden and are used in some other countries too. A simulation program has been developed that covers all three types of this kiln. The program calculates the climate in the length direction of the kiln and moisture content, moisture profile, wood temperature, slicing test gap and stress development. Energy consumption and drying costs may also be determined. The temperature level is the most important parameter regarding kiln efficiency. Two-zone progressive kilns are found to be more efficient than single-zone kilns. Progressive kilns have lower energy consumption and drying costs than batch kilns. Experimental full-scale tests show that the timber quality from a progressive kiln is comparable to, or in some cases even better than, timber dried in batch kilns.
Investigating the Possibilities of Using SMT for Text Annotation

In this paper I examine the applicability of SMT methodology for part-of-speech disambiguation and lemmatization in Hungarian. After the baseline system was created, dierent methods and possibilities were used to improve the eciency of the system. I also applied some methods to decrease the size of the target dictionary and to find a proper solution to handle out-of-vocabulary words. The results show that such a light-weight system performs comparable results to other state-of-the-art systems. 1998 ACM Subject Classification I.2. 7 Natural Language Processing
Supply Restoration in Power Distribution Systems: A Case Study in Integrating Model-Based Diagnosis and Repair Planning

Integrating diagnosis and repair is particularly crucial when gaining sufficient information to discriminate between several candidate diagnoses requires carrying out some repair actions. A typical case is supply restoration in a faulty power distribution system. This problem, which is a major concern for electricity distributors, features partial observability, and stochastic repair actions which axe more elaborate than simple replacement of components. This paper analyses the difficulties in applying existing work on integrating model-based diagnosis and repair and on planning in partially observable stochastic domains to this real-world problem, and describes the pragmatic approach we have retained so far.
Smart Makerspace: An Immersive Instructional Space for Physical Tasks

We present the Smart Makerspace; a context-rich, immersive instructional workspace for novice and intermediate makers. The Smart Makerspace guides makers through the completion of a DIY task, while providing detailed contextually-relevant assistance, domain knowledge, tool location, usage cues, and safety advice. Through an initial exploratory study, we investigate the challenges faced in completing maker tasks. Our observations allow us to define design goals and a design space for a connected workshop. We describe our implementation, including a digital workbench, augmented toolbox, instrumented power-tools and environmentally aware audio. We present a qualitative user study that produced encouraging results; providing features that users unanimously found useful.
Small Thaw Ponds: An Unaccounted Source of Methane in the Canadian High Arctic

Thawing permafrost in the Canadian Arctic tundra leads to peat erosion and slumping in narrow and shallow runnel ponds that surround more commonly studied polygonal ponds. Here we compared the methane production between runnel and polygonal ponds using stable isotope ratios, ¹⁴C signatures, and investigated potential methanogenic communities through high-throughput sequencing archaeal 16S rRNA genes. We found that runnel ponds had significantly higher methane and carbon dioxide emissions, produced from a slightly larger fraction of old carbon, compared to polygonal ponds. The methane stable isotopic signature indicated production through acetoclastic methanogenesis, but gene signatures from acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic Archaea were detected in both polygonal and runnel ponds. We conclude that runnel ponds represent a source of methane from potentially older C, and that they contain methanogenic communities able to use diverse sources of carbon, increasing the risk of augmented methane release under a warmer climate.
Ten Simple Rules for a Community Computational Challenge

In science, the relationship between methods and discovery is symbiotic. As we discover more, we are able to construct more precise and sensitive tools and methods that enable further discovery. With better lens crafting came microscopes, and with them the discovery of living cells. In the last 40 years, advances in molecular biology, statistics, and computer science have ushered in the field of bioinformatics and the genomic era. Computational scientists enjoy developing new methods, and the community encourages them to do so. Indeed, the editorial guidelines for PLOS Computational Biology require manuscripts to apply novel methods. However, it is often confusing to know which method to choose: which method is best? And, in this context, what does “best” mean? To help choose an appropriate method for a particular task, scientists often form community-based challenges for the unbiased evaluation of methods in a given field. These challenges help evaluate existing and novel methods, while helping to coalesce a community and leading to new ideas and collaborations. In computational biology, the first of these challenges was arguably the Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction, or CASP [1], whose goal is to evaluate methods for predicting three-dimensional protein structure from amino acid sequence. The first CASP meeting was held in December of 1994, following a “prediction period” where members of the community were presented with protein amino acid sequences and asked to predict their three dimensional structures. The sequences that were chosen had recently been solved by X-ray crystallography but had not been not published or released until after the predictions from the community were made. Since the first CASP, we have seen many successful challenges, including Critical Assessment of Function Annotation (CAFA) for protein function prediction [2], Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) (for genome interpretation) [3], Critical Assessment of Massive (originally “Microarray”) Data Analysis (CAMDA) (for large-scale biological data) [4], BioCreative (for biomedical text mining) [5], the Assemblathon (for sequence assembly), and the NCI-DREAM Challenges (for various biomedical challenges), amongst others [6]. Computational challenges also help solve new problems. While the original CASP experiment was developed to evaluate existing methods applied to current problems, other communities often look at other areas for which there are no existing tools. These challenges have spread successfully to industry, and companies such as Innocentive [7] and X-Prize [8] offer large prizes for solving novel questions. Because these challenges are, on one hand, an exercise in community collaboration, and on the other, a competition, organizing a challenge is littered with difficulties and pitfalls. Having served as organizers, predictors, and assessors within several existing communities, we present ten rules we believe should be observed when organizing a computational methods challenge: