Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiview Intensity-Based Active Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification

In remote sensing image classification, active learning aims to learn a good classifier as best as possible by choosing the most valuable (informative and representative) training samples. Multiview is a concept that regards analyzing the same object from multiple different views. Generally, these views show diversity and complementarity of features. In this paper, we propose a new multiview active learning (MVAL) framework for hyperspectral image classification. First, we generate multiple views by extracting different attribute components from the same image data. Specifically, we adopt the multiple morphological component analysis to decompose the original image into multiple pairs of attribute components, including content, coarseness, contrast, and directionality, and the smooth component from each pair is chosen as one single view. Second, we construct two multiview intensity-based query strategies for active learning. On the one hand, we exploit the intensity differences of multiple views along with the samples’ uncertainty to choose the most informative candidates. On the other hand, we consider the clustering distribution of all unlabeled samples, and query the most representative candidates in addition to the highly informative ones. Our experiments are performed on four benchmark hyperspectral image data sets. The obtained results show that the proposed MVAL framework can lead to better classification performance than the traditional, single-view active learning schemes. In addition, compared with the conventional disagree-based MVAL scheme, the proposed query selection strategies show competitive classification accuracy.
Enhancement of Sindbis Virus Self-Replicating RNA Vaccine Potency by Linkage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Heat Shock Protein 70 Gene to an Antigen Gene1

Recently, self-replicating RNA vaccines (RNA replicons) have emerged as an effective strategy for nucleic acid vaccine development. Unlike naked DNA vaccines, RNA replicons eventually cause lysis of transfected cells and therefore do not raise the concern of integration into the host genome. We evaluated the effect of linking human papillomavirus type 16 E7 as a model Ag to Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) on the potency of Ag-specific immunity generated by a Sindbis virus self-replicating RNA vector, SINrep5. Our results indicated that this RNA replicon vaccine containing an E7/HSP70 fusion gene generated significantly higher E7-specific T cell-mediated immune responses in vaccinated mice than did vaccines containing the wild-type E7 gene. Furthermore, our in vitro studies demonstrated that E7 Ag from E7/HSP70 RNA replicon-transfected cells can be processed by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and presented more efficiently through the MHC class I pathway than can wild-type E7 RNA replicon-transfected cells. More importantly, the fusion of HSP70 to E7 converted a less effective vaccine into one with significant potency against E7-expressing tumors. This antitumor effect was dependent on NK cells and CD8+ T cells. These results indicated that fusion of HSP70 to an Ag gene may greatly enhance the potency of self-replicating RNA vaccines.
A study on occluded pedestrian detection based on block-based features and ensemble classifier

When dealing with pedestrian detection under actual urban streets environment, pedestrian targets tend to be partially occluded in varying degrees because there are many vehicles and other transportation facilities, which affects the performance of the detection system. This paper presents a method for solving partial occlusions for pedestrian detection. It is based on the block-based feature and random subspace classifier to construct the ensemble classifiers. When the test results of holistic classifier is ambiguous, occlusion inference is conducted; if occlusion does exist, detection window will be classified by the ensemble classifier. Different pedestrian data sets are used: Daimler data set, TUD data set and real on-board pedestrian images. We test three different methods for both partially occluded and non-occluded data. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper performed better when dealing with partial occlusion situation and doesn't affect the detection performance for non-occluded targets.
Supplementation of Intracellular XylR Leads to Coutilization of Hemicellulose Sugars

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli has the potential to be a powerful biocatalyst for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into useful materials such as biofuels and polymers. One important challenge in using E. coli for the transformation of biomass sugars is diauxie, or sequential utilization of different types of sugars. We demonstrate that, by increasing the intracellular levels of the transcription factor XylR, the preferential consumption of arabinose before xylose can be eliminated. In addition, XylR augmentation must be finely tuned for robust coutilization of these two hemicellulosic sugars. Using a novel technique for scarless gene insertion, an additional copy of xylR was inserted into the araBAD operon. The resulting strain was superior at cometabolizing mixtures of arabinose and xylose and was able to produce at least 36% more ethanol than wild-type strains. This strain is a useful starting point for the development of an E. coli biocatalyst that can simultaneously convert all biomass sugars.
Insulin Biosynthesis in HIT Cells: Effects of Glucose, Forskolin, IBMX, and Dexamethasone

Glucose, forskolin, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), and dexamethasone were tested as regulators of proinsulin biosynthesis in HIT T-15 cells, which are glucose-responsive simian virus 40-transformed hamster β-cells. Rate of [3H]leucine incorporation into proinsulin was increased as glucose concentrations were raised from 0 to 20 mM. Biosynthetic rate increases were significant after 48 but not at 4 or 24 h of glucose and were greater for proinsulin than for total extractable proteins. After 48 h, glucose-stimulated proinsulin biosynthesis was unaffected by 10−6 M forskolin and/or 3 × 10−5 M IBMX but was specifically and significantly inhibited by 10−6 M dexamethasone. Four hours of exposure to dexamethasone had no effect. When cells were incubated for 24 h and then continuously labeled for an additional 24 h, cellular conversion of labeled proinsulin to insulin was increased by glucose, and this increase was reversed or inhibited by 10−6 M dexamethasone. Therefore, proinsulin biosynthesis in transformed HIT T-15 cells is regulated in several ways by metabolites and hormones in a manner that compares with biosynthetic regulation in normal β-cells.
America's Public Schools: Choice Is a Panacea

The signs of poor performance were there for all to see during the 197Os. Test scores headed downward year after year. Large numbers of teenagers continued to drop out of school. Drugs and violence poisoned the learning environment. In math and science, two areas crucial to the nation's success in the world economy, American students fell far behind their counterparts in virtually every other industrialized country. Something was clearly wrong.
What a Difference a (Birth) Month Makes: The Relative Age Effect and Fund Manager Performance

Many US states have a single cutoff date for school entry, meaning that some children are older than others when they begin kindergarten. We show that this variation in birth months is associated with differences in adult labor market outcomes in the mutual fund industry. Relatively older managers (i.e., those born just after the cutoff) make better stock selections, and their funds outperform their younger peers’ funds by 0.48% per annum. This difference is linked to increased confidence. Survey respondents judge relatively older managers as appearing more confident in photographs, and these managers display more confident behavior: making larger bets, window dressing their holdings less, and securing more fund flows conditional on performance.
Neural cell adhesion molecule‐180‐mediated homophilic binding induces epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) down‐regulation and uncouples the inhibitory function of EGFR in neurite outgrowth

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) plays important roles in neuronal development, regeneration, and synaptic plasticity. NCAM homophilic binding mediates cell adhesion and induces intracellular signals, in which the fibroblast growth factor receptor plays a prominent role. Recent studies on axon guidance in Drosophila suggest that NCAM also regulates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 28, 2005, 141). A possible interaction between NCAM and EGFR in mammalian cells has not been investigated. The present study demonstrates for the first time a functional interaction between NCAM and EGFR in mammalian cells and investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying this interaction. First, NCAM and EGFR are shown to play opposite roles in neurite outgrowth regulation in cerebellar granular neurons. The data presented indicate that negative regulation of EGFR is one of the mechanisms underlying the neuritogenic effect of NCAM. Second, it is demonstrated that expression of the NCAM‐180 isoform induces EGFR down‐regulation in transfected cells and promotes EGFR down‐regulation induced by EGF stimulation. It is demonstrated that the mechanism underlying this NCAM‐180‐induced EGFR down‐regulation involves increased EGFR ubiquitination and lysosomal EGFR degradation. Furthermore, NCAM‐180‐mediated EGFR down‐regulation requires NCAM homophilic binding and interactions of the cytoplasmic domain of NCAM‐180 with intracellular interaction partners, but does not require NCAM‐mediated fibroblast growth factor receptor activation.
Deep spatio-temporal network for accurate person re-identification

Feature extraction is one of two core tasks of a person re-identification besides metric learning. Building an effective feature extractor is the common goal of any research in the field. In this work, we propose a deep spatio-temporal network model which consists of a VGG-16 as a spatial feature extractor and a GRU network as an image sequence descriptor. Two temporal pooling techniques are investigated to produce compact yet discriminative sequence-level representation from a sequence of arbitrary length. To highlight the effectiveness of the final sequence-level feature set, we use a cosine distance metric learning to find an accurate probe-gallery pair. Experimental results on the ilIDS-VID and PRID 2011 dataset show that our method is slightly better on one dataset and significantly better on the other than state-of-the-art ones.
Minimizing energy consumption in transmission efficient wireless sensor network

Compressive sensing reduces the no. of data transmission in wireless sensor network. In wireless sensor network traffic causes due to large number of data transmission thus the energy consumed by sensor nodes is high. Compressive sensing reduces the energy consumption in sensor nodes. In this paper we proposed the mobility aware MAC protocol which combines with compressive sensing and reduce the energy consumption in sensor nodes and also reduce the congestion in network. In addition to that for the better signal reconstruction of compressed signal at the sink node and data gathering we use the very simple deterministic measurement matrix design algorithm (SDMMDA). Due to this the reconstruction of signal gets better. The third thing we are using is backtracking based adaptive OMP (BAOMP) method which best reconstruct the original signal at sink node. In combination of these three methods we are trying to reduce the energy consumption in sensor nodes and to get the best original signal at sink node by reconstructing it. Thus the reconstruction of the compressed data gathering is improved.
Plants Express a Lipid Transfer Protein with High Similarity to Mammalian Sterol Carrier Protein-2*

This is the first report describing the cloning and characterization of sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) from plants. Arabidopsis thaliana SCP-2 (AtSCP-2) consists of 123 amino acids with a molecular mass of 13.6 kDa. AtSCP-2 shows 35% identity and 56% similarity to the human SCP-2-like domain present in the human D-bifunctional protein (DBP) and 30% identity and 54% similarity to the human SCP-2 encoded by SCP-X. The presented structural models of apo-AtSCP-2 and the ligand-bound conformation of AtSCP-2 reveal remarkable similarity with two of the structurally known SCP-2s, the SCP-2-like domain of human DBP and the rabbit SCP-2, correspondingly. The AtSCP-2 models in both forms have a similar hydrophobic ligand-binding tunnel, which is extremely suitable for lipid binding. AtSCP-2 showed in vitro transfer activity of BODIPY-phosphatidylcholine (BODIPY-PC) from donor membranes to acceptor membranes. The transfer of BODIPY-PC was almost completely inhibited after addition of 1-palmitoyl 2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine or ergosterol. Dimyristoyl phosphatidic acid, stigmasterol, steryl glucoside, and cholesterol showed a moderate to marginal ability to lower the BODIPY-PC transfer rate, and the single chain palmitic acid and stearoyl-coenzyme A did not affect transfer at all. Expression analysis showed that AtSCP-2 mRNA is accumulating in most plant tissues. Plasmids carrying fusion genes between green fluorescent protein and AtSCP-2 were transformed with particle bombardment to onion epidermal cells. The results from analyzing the transformants indicate that AtSCP-2 is localized to peroxisomes.
Locating the Site(s) of Insulin Resistance in Patients with Nonketotic Diabetes Mellitus

Insulin resistance and the ability of insulin to inhibit hepatic glucose production and to increase efficiency of glucose uptake were determined in 24 nonobese individuals: eight subjects with normal oral glucose tolerance, eight patients with chemical diabetes, and eight nonketotic patients with fasting hyperglycemia (> 150 mg. per cent). Insulin resistance was estimated by measuring the steady-state plasma glucose response to a continuous infusion of insulin, glucose, epinephrine, and propranolol. This approach permits us to inhibit endogenous insulin release, attain comparable steady-state plasma levels of exogenous insulin, and use the height of the steady-state plasma glucose response as a direct estimate of insulin resistance. The ability of insu lin to inhibit hepatic glucose production and to increase efficiency of glucose uptake was calculated from the results of two studies in which a continuous infusion of 3H-2-glucose was used to measure glucose turnover rate. The first study was performed after an overnight fast, under conditions of basal insulin levels, while the second was conducted during the infusion of insulin, glucose, epinephrine, and propranolol. Hepatic glucose production is equal to glucose turnover rate during the basal study and is equal to glucose turnover rate minus the infusion rate of cold glucose during the second study. Glucose uptake in both studies is equal to glucose turnover rate minus urinary glucose loss, and the efficiency of glucose uptake is calculated by dividing glucose uptake by the plasma glucose pool size. The mean (± S. E.) steady-state plasma glucose response wasll3 ± 9 mg. per cent in normal subjects, 205 ± 14 mg. per cent in chemical diabetics, and 346 ± 30 mg. per cent in patients with fasting hyperglycemia. Thus, insulin resistance exists in nonketotic diabetes, and the greater the degree of glucose intolerance, the greater the insulin resistance. The resistance to the insulin infusion in patients with chemical diabetes seemed to be mainly a function of the inability of insulin to increase efficiency of glucose uptake, since insulin did retain its ability to inhibit glucose production (although not to normal levels). In contrast, the infusion of insulin neither inhibited hepatic glucose production nor increased efficiency of glucose uptake in patients with fasting hyperglycemia. Thus, the insulin resistance that exists in patients with nonketotic diabetes cannot be considered to be a global phenomenon. Significant differences exist in the responsiveness of various tissues to the two general aspects of insulin's action on glucose homeostasis, and these differences provide a physiologic basis for the variations in degree of over-all insulin resistance that are present in the three groups of subjects.
The Effect of Culture on Home‐Ownership

In this paper, we analyze the role of culture in determining whether, or not, an individual is a homeowner. We use data on first-generation immigrants who arrived in the United States under 6 years old. Following the epidemiological approach, those early-arrival immigrants grew up under the same US laws, markets, and institutions, so any dissimilarity in the proportion of homeowners by country of origin may be interpreted as a consequence of cultural differences. Our estimates indicate that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between the cultural proxy, that is, the proportion of individuals who are homeowners by country of origin, and the immigrants' choice of home-ownership. Results are maintained after controlling for home-country observable and unobservable characteristics, and are consistent in several subsamples. Neither the differences in the formation of couples (same or different origin) nor the existence (or not) of mortgage financing appear to be driving our findings. Additionally, we present evidence of different mechanisms of transmission of culture (horizontal transmission, respect for elders, and gender roles), which reinforces our results on the cultural effect.
Social energy: mining energy from the society

The inherent nature of energy, i.e., physicality, sociality and informatization, implies the inevitable and intensive interaction between energy systems and social systems. From this perspective, we define U+201C social energy U+201D as a complex sociotechnical system of energy systems, social systems and the derived artificial virtual systems which characterize the intense intersystem and intra-system interactions. The recent advancement in intelligent technology, including artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies, sensing and communication in Internet of Things technologies, and massive high performance computing and extreme-scale data analytics technologies, enables the possibility of substantial advancement in socio-technical system optimization, scheduling, control and management. In this paper, we provide a discussion on the nature of energy, and then propose the concept and intention of social energy systems for electrical power. A general methodology of establishing and investigating social energy is proposed, which is based on the ACP approach, i.e., U+201C artificial systems U+201D U+0028 A U+0029, U+201C computational experiments U+201D U+0028 C U+0029 and U+201C parallel execution U+201D U+0028 P U+0029, and parallel system methodology. A case study on the University of Denver U+0028 DU U+0029 campus grid is provided and studied to demonstrate the social energy concept. In the concluding remarks, we discuss the technical pathway, in both social and nature sciences, to social energy, and our vision on its future.
Nanoparticulate delivery of suicide DNA to murine prostate and prostate tumors

Currently available treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and localized prostate cancer are generally effective but are often attended by serious side effects that impact on the quality of life. In particular, most current therapies are non‐specific, with surgery, radiation, and chemical ablation having the potential to cause damage to surrounding tissue. Here, we demonstrate the effectiveness of a prostate‐specific, locally delivered gene therapy for the targeted killing of prostate cells.
Long-term efficacy of indicated prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers: randomized controlled trial

Background Although depression is a common problem among non-professional caregivers, only one trial has evaluated the efficacy of indicated prevention targeting this population and the long-term efficacy is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of a brief intervention for the indicated prevention of depression in a sample of female caregivers. Method A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 173 participants (mean age 53.9 years) who were allocated to the intervention (n = 89) or the usual-care control group (n = 84). Blinded interviewers conducted assessments at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of follow-up. The main outcome measure was the incidence of major depression and the secondary outcomes were compliance with treatment, depressive symptoms, emotional distress and caregiver burden. Results At the 12-month follow-up, a lower incidence of depression as evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I Disorders of the DSM-IV was found in the intervention group compared with the control group (10.1% v. 25.0%). The relative risk was 0.40 and statistically significant [χ2 = 6.68, degrees of freedom = 1, p = 0.010, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20–0.81], and the number needed to treat was 7 (95% CI 4–27). There was a significant delay in the onset of depression in the intervention group (p = 0.008). The good complier caregivers had a lower incidence of depression. The intervention effect on depressive symptoms, emotional distress and caregiver burden were maintained for 12 months. Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate that a brief problem-solving intervention can prevent the onset of depression among non-professional caregivers over the longer term.
TIRE TYPE RECOGNITION THROUGH TREADS PATTERN RECOGNITION AND DOT CODE OCR

Tire text and geometry detection are used in scanning tires in order to identify the tire type and classify them according to a code printed on the sidewall which is called “DOT Code” then checking the treads whether they are defected or not based on the pattern periodicity of them. Classification is done based on applying some image processing and pattern recognition techniques on both treads plus DOT code samples of the tire. Tire classification that works based on treads is more accurate than classification based on DOT code, but using them together results in a powerful and accurate classification process.
MRI evidence of bilateral hippocampal sclerosis in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

We present the case of a man affected by amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) who showed bilateral hippocampal sclerosis at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We argue the concept that aMCI is heterogeneous syndrome and suggested the utility of coronal T2‐weighted MRI images in the routine dementia workup.
Adolescents' Reward‐related Neural Activation: Links to Thoughts of Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury

Adolescence is a critical developmental period marked by an increase in risk behaviors, including nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Heightened reward-related brain activation and relatively limited recruitment of prefrontal regions contribute to the initiation of risky behaviors in adolescence. However, neural reward processing has not been examined among adolescents who are at risk for future engagement for NSSI specifically, but who have yet to actually engage in this behavior. In the current fMRI study (N = 71), we hypothesized that altered reward processing would be associated with adolescents' thoughts of NSSI. Results showed that NSSI youth exhibited heightened activation in the bilateral putamen in response to a monetary reward. This pattern of findings suggests that heightened neural sensitivity to reward is associated with thoughts of NSSI in early adolescence. Implications for prevention are discussed.