Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fair Flow Control Sensitive toTra c

Flow control is the main technique currently used to prevent some of the ordered traac from entering a communication network, and to avoid congestion. A challenging aspect of ow control is how to treat all sessions \fairly" when it is necessary to turn traac away from the network. In this work, we show how to extend the theory of max-min fair ow control to the case where priorities are assigned to diierent varieties of traac, which are sensitive to traac levels. We examine priorities expressible in the general form of increasing functions of rates, considering yet in combination the more elaborative case with unescapable upper and lower bounds on rates of traac sessions. We ooer optimal, priority bottleneck algorithms, which iteratively adjust the session rates in order to meet a new condition of max-min fairness under priorities and rate bounds. In our setting, which is realistic for today's technology of guaranteed quality of service, traac may be turned away not only to avoid congestion, but also to respect particular minimum requirements on bandwidth. Moreover, we establish lower bounds on the competitiveness of network-oblivious schemes compared to optimal schemes with complete knowledge of network structure. Our theory extends signiicantly the classical theory of max-min fair ow control 2]. Moreover , our results on rejected traac are fundamentally diierent from those related to call control and bandwidth allocation, since not only do we wish to optimize the number and rates of accepted sessions, but we also require priority fairness.
CONCRETE BRIDGE BARRIERS REINFORCED WITH GLASS FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITE BARS

Recent expansion of highway networks has increased the need to provide corrosion-free reinforced concrete components for highway bridges. This paper describes an extensive research program that investigated the behavior of 2 types of bridge barriers--PL-2 and PL-3--reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. The geometry, concrete dimensions, and reinforcement of both PL-2 and PL-3 barriers were based on the new Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code. Sand-coated GFRP bars and conventional steel bars were used in the experimental study. The performance of barriers reinforced with GFRP bars was evaluated and compared with that of their counterparts reinforced with steel. Results indicate that the behavior of PL-2 and PL-3 concrete bridge barriers reinforced with GFRP bars is very similar to their counterparts reinforced with conventional steel in terms of cracking, deflections, strains, energy absorption, integrity, and ultimate strength.
Multimorbidity prevalence and pattern in Indonesian adults: an exploratory study using national survey data

Objectives To estimate the prevalence and pattern of multimorbidity in the Indonesian adult population. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Community-based survey. The sampling frame was based on households in 13 of the 27 Indonesian provinces, representing about 83% of the Indonesian population. Participants 9438 Indonesian adults aged 40 years and above. Main outcome measures Prevalence and pattern of multimorbidity by age, gender and socioeconomic status. Results The mean number of morbidities in the sample was 1.27 (SE±0.01). The overall age and sex standardised prevalence of multimorbidity was 35.7% (34.8% to 36.7%), with women having significantly higher prevalence of multimorbidity than men (41.5% vs 29.5%; p<0.001). Of those with multimorbidity, 64.6% (62.8% to 66.3%) were aged less than 60 years. Prevalence of multimorbidity was positively associated with age (p for trend <0.001) and affluence (p for trend <0.001) and significantly greater in women at all ages compared with men. For each 5-year increment in age there was an approximate 20% greater risk of multimorbidity in both sexes (18% in women 95% CI 1.14 to 1.22 and 22% in men 95% CI 1.18 to 1.26). Increasing age, female gender, non-Javanese ethnicity, and high per-capital expenditure were all significantly associated with higher odds of multimorbidity. The combination of hypertension with cardiac diseases, hypercholesterolemia, arthritis, and uric acid/gout were the most commonly occurring disease pairs in both sexes. Conclusions More than one-third of the Indonesian adult population are living with multimorbidity with women and the more wealthy being particularly affected. Of especial concern was the high prevalence of multimorbidity among younger individuals. Hypertension was the most frequently occurring condition common to most individuals with multimorbidity.
Implementation of Channel Estimation and Modulation Technique for MIMO System

Future wireless communication system have to be designed to integrate features such as high data rates, high quality of service and multimedia in the existing communication framework. Increased demand in wireless communication system has led to demand for higher network capacity and performance. Higher bandwidth, optimized modulation offer practically limited potential to increase the spectral efficiency. Hence MIMO systems utilizes space multiplex by using array of antenna’s for enhancing the efficiency at particular utilized bandwidth. MIMO use multiple inputs multiple outputs from single channel. These systems defined by spectral diversity and spatial multiplexing. The aim of this paper is to design and implement of channel estimation method and modulation technique for MIMO system. The design specifications are obtained using MATLAB. The RTL coding is carried for the design to be implemented on Xilinx FPGA.
Measurement of the absolute fluorescence quantum yield of rhodamine B solution using a dual-beam thermal lens technique

The dual-beam thermal lens technique has been found to be very effective for the measurement of fluorescence quantum yields of dye solutions. The concentration-dependence of the quantum yield of rhodamine B in methanol is studied here using this technique. The observed results are in line with the conclusion that the reduction in the quantum yield in the quenching region is essentially due to the non-radiative relaxation of the absorbed energy. The thermal lens has been found to become abberated above 40 mW of pump laser power. This low value for the upper limit of pump power is due to the fact that the medium is a resonantly absorbing one.
The Snap-Back Pivoting Method for Symmetric Banded Indefinite Matrices

The four existing stable factorization methods for symmetric indefinite matrices suffer serious defects when applied to banded matrices. Partial pivoting (row or column exchanges) maintains a band structure in the reduced matrix and the factors, but destroys symmetry completely once an off-diagonal pivot is used. Two-by-two block pivoting and Gaussian reduction to tridiagonal (Aasen's algorithm) maintain symmetry at all times, but quickly destroy the band structure in the reduced matrices. Orthogonal reductions to tridiagonal maintain both symmetry and the band structure, but are too expensive for linear-equation solvers. We propose a new pivoting method, which we call snap-back pivoting. When applied to banded symmetric matrices, it maintains the band structure (like partial pivoting does), it keeps the reduced matrix symmetric (like 2-by-2 pivoting and reductions to tridiagonal), and it is fast. Snap-back pivoting reduces the matrix to a diagonal form using a sequence of elementary elimination steps, most of which are applied symmetrically from the left and from the right (but some are applied unsymmetrically). In snap-back pivoting, if the next diagonal element is too small, the next pivoting step might be unsymmetric, leading to asymmetry in the next row and column of the factors. But the reduced matrix snaps back to symmetry once the next step is completed.
ON THE SOLUTIONS OF S-GTR AND D-GTR EQUATIONS OF BONE TISSUE REGENERATION MODELS

In Arunaye and Ogunsalu (2010), we obtained mathematical models for osteobstruction in bone regeneration mechanism for skeletal tissue engineering procedures. In this paper we obtain the Lie point symmetries and hence the invariant solutions of these mathematical models for Bone tissue regeneration in 1-D systems.
SDN-based dynamic flow scheduling in optical data centers

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) based optical networks have been shown to be an attractive “green” solution for cloud data center networks because of its high bisection bandwidth, low power consumption and low complexity of network wiring. In addition to the circuit-switched nature of optical networks, the high degree of the optical switch and dynamic arrival of traffic flows make the problem of flow scheduling in optical data centers becomes very challenging. It has to consider not only the flow admission control but also wavelength assignment for the lightpaths. In this paper, we address the problem of flow scheduling in optical data centers. We first develop an optimization programming formulation that aims at maximizing the revenue for cloud providers in a long run. Since solving the optimization formulation is computationally prohibitive, we develop heuristic scheduling algorithms based on the congestion factor of traffic flows. We design a Software Defined Network framework that integrates the proposed algorithms to perform flow scheduling in optical data center networks. We evaluate the proposed algorithms through comprehensive simulations and compare their performance against that of a baseline algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithms achieve good performance improvement compared to the baseline algorithm.
First order distributed feedback dye laser effect in reflection pumping geometry for nonlinear optical measurements

Tunable distributed feedback (DFB) lasing output based on reflection grating configuration instead of the traditional transmission grating type was realized from rhodamine 6G (R6G)-doped ethanol and DCM-doped methanol. Pure gain coupling and additional index coupling were obtained in R6G-doped ethanol and DCM-doped methanol, respectively. The tuning which was independent on the refractive index of the lasing media went through all of the tuning data for the two cases. Dual-peak lasing emissions indicative of the existence of the index grating from the DCM-doped methanol were observed. The interval between the dual peaks increased as the increasing of the pump energy. The effect can be used to estimate the resonant nonlinear refractive index of luminescent materials.
N-and C-trace Gas Production in Forest Soils Profiles of C-and N-trace Gas Production in N-saturated Forest Soils Bgd N-and C-trace Gas Production in Forest Soils

This study provides for the first time data on the stratification of NO and N 2 O production with soil depth under aerobic and anaerobic incubation conditions for different temperate forest sites in Germany (spruce, beech, clear-cut) and the Netherlands (Douglas fir). Results show that the NO and N 2 O production activity is highest in the forest floor 5 and decreases exponentially with increasing soil depth. Under anaerobic incubation conditions NO and N 2 O production was in all soil layers up to 2–3 orders of magnitude higher then under aerobic incubation conditions. Furthermore, significant differences between sites could be demonstrated with respect to the magnitude or predominance of NO and N 2 O production. These were driven by stand properties (beech or spruce) 10 or management (clear-cut versus control). With regard to CH 4 the most striking result was the lack of CH 4 uptake activity in soil samples taken from the Dutch Douglas fir site at Speulderbos, which is most likely a consequence of chronically high rates of atmospheric N deposition. In addition, we could also demonstrate that CH 4 fluxes at the soil surface are obviously the result of simultaneously occurring uptake and production 15 processes, since even under aerobic conditions a net production of CH 4 in forest floor samples was found. The provided dataset will be very useful for the development and testing of process oriented models, since for the first time activity data stratified for several soil layers for N 2 O, NO, and CH 4 production/oxidation activity for forest soils are provided.
Intrinsic Image Decomposition Using a Sparse Representation of Reflectance

Intrinsic image decomposition is an important problem that targets the recovery of shading and reflectance components from a single image. While this is an ill-posed problem on its own, we propose a novel approach for intrinsic image decomposition using reflectance sparsity priors that we have developed. Our sparse representation of reflectance is based on a simple observation: Neighboring pixels with similar chromaticities usually have the same reflectance. We formalize and apply this sparsity constraint on local reflectance to construct a data-driven second-generation wavelet representation. We show that the reflectance component of natural images is sparse in this representation. We further propose and formulate a global sparse constraint on reflectance colors using the assumption that each natural image uses a small set of material colors. Using this sparse reflectance representation and the global constraint on a sparse set of reflectance colors, we formulate a constrained $(l_1)$-norm minimization problem for intrinsic image decomposition that can be solved efficiently. Our algorithm can successfully extract intrinsic images from a single image without using color models or any user interaction. Experimental results on a variety of images demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Shared-Task Evaluations in HLT: Lessons for NLG

While natural language generation (NLG) has a strong evaluation tradition, in particular in userbased and task-oriented evaluation, it has never evaluated different approaches and techniques by comparing their performance on the same tasks (shared-task evaluation, STE). NLG is characterised by a lack of consolidation of results, and by isolation from the rest of NLP where STE is now standard. It is, moreover, a shrinking field (state-of-the-art MT and summarisation no longer perform generation as a subtask) which lacks the kind of funding and participation that natural language understanding (NLU) has attracted.
A New Triangulation for Simplicial Algorithms

Tjriangulations are used in simplicial algorithms to find the fixed points of continuous functions or upper semicontinuous mappings; applications arise from economics and optimization. The performance of simplicial algorithms is very sensitive to the triangulation used. Using a facetal description, Dang’s $D_1 $ triangulation is modified to obtain a more efficient triangulation of the unit hypercube in $R^n $, and then, by means of translations and reflections, we derive a new triangulation, $D'_1 $, of $R^n $. It is shown that $D'_1 $ uses fewer simplices (asymptotically 30 percent fewer) than $D_1 $ while achieving comparable scores for other performance measures such as the diameter and the surface density. The results of Haiman’s recursive method for getting asymptotically better triangulations from $D_1 $, $D'_1 $ and other triangulations are also compared.
Design, architecture and implementation of a resource discovery, reservation and provisioning framework for testbeds

Experimental platforms (testbeds) play a significant role in the evaluation of new and existing technologies. Their popularity has been raised lately as more and more researchers prefer experimentation over simulation as a way for acquiring more accurate results. This imposes significant challenges in testbed operators since an efficient mechanism is needed to manage the testbed's resources and provision them according to the users' needs. In this paper we describe such a framework which was implemented for the management of networking testbeds. We present the design requirements and the implementation details, along with the challenges we encountered during its operation in the NITOS testbed. Significant results were extracted through the experiences of the every day operation of the testbed's management.
A hybrid characterization framework to determine the visco-hyperelastic properties of a porcine zona pellucida

The zona pellucida (ZP) is a specialized extracellular matrix surrounding the developing oocyte. This thick matrix consists of various types of glycoprotein that play different roles in the fertilization process. Nowadays, several techniques are available for assessing ZP's mechanical response. The basic assumption behind these methods is that the ZP behaves like an elastic body: hence, dissipative forces are neglected and Young's modulus remains unaffected by probe dynamics. However, dissipative forces are strongly regulated by the slippage of ZP chains past one another while reaction forces related to elastic deformations (driven by the ability of each chain to stretch) depend on the ZP structure (i.e. number of cross-links and distances between knots). Although viscous reaction forces generated by the ZP are one of the main factors regulating sperm transit, their peculiar behaviour along the ZP structure remains poorly understood and rarely investigated. In order to overcome this limitation, a novel visco-hyperelastic model describing the porcine ZP reaction forces generated by nanoindentations at different probe rates is developed and verified in this study. Visco-hyperelastic parameters of porcine ZP membranes are determined by means of a hybrid characterization framework combining atomic force microscopy nanoindentation measurements, nonlinear finite-element analysis and nonlinear optimization. Remarkably, it is possible to separate the contributions of hyperelastic and viscous terms to ZP mechanical response and evaluate the error made in the determination of ZP mechanical properties if viscous effects were not considered.
A New Class of Multilinear Functions for Polynomial Phase Signal Analysis

This paper introduces a new class of multilinear functions which can be used for analyzing a signal with time-varying frequency. The new class subsumes a number of existing functions, including the higher order ambiguity functions (HAFs), the polynomial Wigner-Ville distributions (PWVDs), and the higher order phase (HP) functions. As well as establishing a link between these existing functions, the new class provides a formalism which allows for the creation of useful new multilinear functions. A number of new functions are derived from the class.
A Self-Organising Map Based Algorithm for Analysis of ICmetrics Features

ICmetrics is a new approach that exploits the characteristic and behaviour of an embedded system to obtain a collection of properties and features, which aims to uniquely identify and secure an embedded system based on its own behavioural identity. In this paper, an algorithm based on a self-organising map (SOM) neural network is proposed to extract and analyse the features derived from a processor's performance profile (i.e. average cycles per instruction (CPI)), where the extracted features are used to help finding the main behaviours of the system. The proposed algorithm has been tested with different programs selected from the MiBench benchmark suite, and the results achieved show that it can successfully segment each program into different main phases based on the unique extracted features, which confirms its utility for the ICmetrics technology.
Allosteric ligands for G protein‐coupled receptors: A novel strategy with attractive therapeutic opportunities

Allosteric receptor ligands bind to a recognition site that is distinct from the binding site of the endogenous messenger molecule. As a consequence, allosteric agents may attach to receptors that are already transmitter‐bound. Ternary complex formation opens an avenue to qualitatively new drug actions at G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), in particular receptor subtype selective potentiation of endogenous transmitter action. Consequently, suitable exploitation of allosteric recognition sites as alternative molecular targets could pave the way to a drug discovery paradigm different from those aimed at mimicking or blocking the effects of endogenous (orthosteric) receptor activators. The number of allosteric ligands reported to modulate GPCR function is steadily increasing and some have already reached routine clinical use. This review aims at introducing into this fascinating field of drug discovery and at providing an overview about the achievements that have already been made. Various case examples will be discussed in the framework of GPCR classification (family A, B, and C receptors). In addition, the behavior at muscarinic receptors of hybrid derivatives incorporating both an allosteric and an orthosteric fragment in a common molecular skeleton will be illustrated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 30, No. 3, 463–549, 2010
Performance improvement of piezoelectric‐rubber by particle formation of linear aggregates

We investigate the piezoelectric response of piezoelectric-rubber consisting of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) particles and silicon rubber prepared by holding it at 100°C for 60 min. Two types of piezoelectric-rubber were used; one was mixed with PZT particles forming linear aggregates, and the other was mixed with PZT particles forming a random dispersion. The piezoelectric-rubber whose PZT particles were aligned normal to the rubber surface had much higher piezoelectric effect than the type of piezoelectric-rubber whose PZT particles were randomly dispersed. The reason for this is that force applied on the former is directly transmitted to PZT particles and the electric charges generated from PZT particles had higher mobility because of the aligned PZT particles, which were connected with each other. As a result, the formation of linear aggregates of PZT particles in rubber was effective in enhancing piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric-rubber. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39862.
Multi-threaded circuit simulation using OpenMP

Circuit-level simulation is a computationally-intensive problem that has proven to be particularly difficult to parallelize. While device evaluation can be performed in parallel in conventional circuit simulators, the execution overhead is high. We show that, by partitioning a circuit, OpenMP can be used to solve sub-circuits in different threads, without compromising accuracy. It is shown that execution time can be reduced proportionally to the number of threads.