Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RE:SOLVE: An acceptability and feasibility study of problem solving therapy for young people at risk of self-harm.

II DEDICATION . III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . IV LIST OF TABLES. X LIST OF FIGURES.XI CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION. 1 Overview . 1 Definition of suicide and self-harm . 1 The nature of the problem . 3 The significance of the problem . 6 What is Problem Solving Therapy? 11 RE:SOLVE: A problem solving pathway for young people at risk of self-harm (The current project) . 14 Chapter overview. 15 What is resilience? 17 Help seeking behaviours. 19 The association between problem solving and self-harm. 24 CHAPTER TWO: RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS FOR SELF-HARM, HELPSEEKING BEHAVIOURS, AND THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SELF-HARM AND PROBLEM-SOLVING . 33 Overview . 33 Why do young people self-harm? 33 Risk factors for self-harm among young people . 34 Protective factors against self-harm among young people . 50 CHAPTER 3: PROBLEM SOLVING THERAPY . 54 Introduction . 54 Problem Solving Therapy as a possible solution. 54 Social problem solving . 57 Problem Solving Therapy . 59 Social Learning Theory and Problem Solving Therapy . 66 A relational/problem-solving model of stress . 71 Conclusion . 72 CHAPTER 4: LITERATURE REVIEW . 73 Introduction . 73 Therapeutic interventions for young people at risk of self-harm . 74 A summary of the findings of these reviews . 80 Conclusion . 81 An in-depth review of Problem Solving Therapy studies . 82 Method. 83 Results: Study design. 86 Results: Study outcomes. 90 Discussion: Strengths and limitations. 104 Strengths and limitations of this review . 109 Conclusion . 109 CHAPTER 5: A DESCRIPTION OF THE CURRENT PROGRAMME OF WORK. 11
Cryptography using inverse substitution & key rotation with seed propagation

This paper has been proposed for secure communication of data over wired and wireless channel with development of simple algorithm and easiness in its implementation. These features have been enabled using key rotation, inverse substitution and seed values propagation. The algorithm used in this paper can utilize both types of key that is symmetrical and asymmetrical key depending on small modification in arithmetical and logical expressions of encryption algorithm at transmitter end and also decryption algorithms at receiver end. So, algorithm is flexible with respect to key selection.
Advanced Neural-Fuzzy And Image Processing Techniques In The Automatic Detection and Interpretation of Weld Defects Using Ultrasonic Time-of-Diffraction

Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight-Diffraction (TOFD) technique has gained significant reputation in the non-destructive testing due to its ability in the accurate detection, sizing and positioning of weld flaws in steel structures. This technique is further endorsed by its reliability, portability and cost-effectiveness in the automatic scanning and data acquisition. The three key issues, due to which fully automatic TOFD interpretation system for the weld flaws, could not be achieved are classification of defects due lack of unique defect signatures in TOFD data, inconsistent detection of the near surface weld flaws and lack of standard guidelines for the data interpretation. However, a fully comprehensive automatic detection, sizing, positioning and classification TOFD system can be achieved using advanced image processing, signal processing and artificial intelligence techniques, thus reducing time, cost and errors in the interpretation of weld flaws in the steel structures.
Boundary surface detection in 3D biomedical images based on local gradient thresholds

This paper proposes a method to detect the boundary surface with continuously changed gradient magnitudes from 3D biomedical images. Instead of selecting a constant gradient threshold, which sometimes cannot correctly separate such boundary surfaces from 3D images, the proposed method adaptively computes different local gradient thresholds in different local regions and uses them to detect different boundary surface patches. Using such scheme, the proposed method not only can well detect those boundary surfaces with uniformly high gradient magnitudes, but also can effectively detect the boundary surfaces with continuously varied gradient magnitudes from low to high. The performance of the method is illustrated by many examples from different 3D biomedical images.
Space-Time Quantization and Matrix Model

In order to get the general framework describing a nonlocalizable object beyond the bilocal field theory early proposed by Markov and Yukawa, the quantization of space-time is reconsidered and further developed. Space-time quantities are there not only noncommutative with U-field describing the nonlocalizable object, as in the bilocal field theory, but also become noncommutative among themselves. Under the U-field representation, where the basis vectors of representation are chosen to be eigenvectors of operator U, space-time quantities get a matrix representation of infinite dimension in general. Field equation is considered, which determines the relation between space-time quantities and U-field. The possible inner relation between the recent topics of matrix model in superstring theory and the present approach is discussed.
Growth behaviour and mechanical properties of PLL/HA multilayer films studied by AFM

Scanning- and colloidal-probe atomic force microscopy were used to study the mechanical properties of poly(L-lysine)/hyaluronan (PLL/HA)n films as a function of indentation velocity and the number of polymer deposition steps n. The film thickness was determined by two independent AFM-based methods: scratch-and-scan and newly developed full-indentation. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods are highlighted, and error minimization techniques in elasticity measurements are addressed. It was found that the film thickness increases linearly with the bilayer number n, ranging between 400 and 7500 nm for n = 12 and 96, respectively. The apparent Young’s modulus E ranges between 15 and 40 kPa and does not depend on the indenter size or the film bilayer number n. Stress relaxation measurements show that PLL/HA films have a viscoelastic behaviour, regardless of their thickness. If indentation is performed several times at the same lateral position on the film, a viscous/plastic deformation takes place.
Executive Compensation : The Case of Chinese State-Owned Enterprises Taye Mengistae Development Research Group The World Bank

This paper examines the extent to which agency theory may explain CEO compensation in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China during the 1980s. We find that the sensitivity of CEO pay to firm performance decreases with the variance of performance. This is consistent with the prediction of a tradeoff between incentives and insurance in agency theory. On the other hand, the data lend little support to the relative performance evaluation hypothesis. We also find that the performance sensitivity of CEO pay increases with the marginal return to executive action, that is, pay sensitivity increases with managerial control rights, worker incentives, profit retention rates of firms, and the degree of product market competition faced by the firm. While the elasticity of pay to sales is slightly smaller than that found in the literature on conventional firms in the West generally, our estimate of the semi-elasticity of pay with respect to profitability is comparable to estimates for regulated industries in the United States. JEL codes: D2, G3, J3, L2, L3, P5.
Preparations and Characterizations of Luminescent Two Dimensional Organic-inorganic Perovskite Semiconductors

This article reviews the synthesis, structural and optical characterizations of some novel luminescent two dimensional organic-inorganic perovskite (2DOIP) semiconductors. These 2DOIP semiconductors show a self-assembled nano-layered structure, having the electronic structure of multi-quantum wells. 2DOIP thin layers and nanoparticles have been prepared through different methods. The structures of the 2DOIP semiconductors are characterized by atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The optical properties of the 2DOIP semiconductors are characterized from absorption and photoluminescence spectra measured at room and low temperatures. Influences of different components, in particular the organic parts, on the structural and optical properties of the 2DOIP semiconductors are discussed.
Diastolic dysfunction predicts new-onset atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction and depressed left ventricular systolic function: a CARISMA substudy.

AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the association between diastolic dysfunction and long-term occurrence of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) and cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS The study was performed as a substudy on the CARISMA study population. The CARISMA study enrolled 312 patients with an AMI and LV ejection fraction <or=40%. Patients were implanted with an implantable loop recorder and followed for 2 years. Sixty-two patients had a full echocardiographic assessment of the diastolic function using tissue Doppler analysis performed 6 weeks after the AMI. The endpoints were: (i) new-onset AF and (ii) major cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as re-infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death. Twenty-four patients had diastolic dysfunction, whereas 38 patients had normal diastolic function. Diastolic dysfunction was associated with an increased risk of new-onset AF [HR = 5.30 (1.68-16.75), P = 0.005] and MACE [HR = 4.70 (1.25-17.75), P = 0.022] after adjustment for age, sex, NYHA class, and hypertension. CONCLUSION Diastolic dysfunction in post-MI patients with LV systolic dysfunction predisposes to new-onset AF and MACE.
Statistical Learning in Medical Data Analysis

This article provides a tour of statistical learning regularization methods that have found application in a variety of medical data analysis problems. The uniting feature of these methods is that they involve an optimization problem which balances fidelity to the data with complexity of the model. The two settings for the optimization problems considered here are Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (a brief tutorial is included), and l1 penalties, which involve constraints on absolute values of model coefficients. The tour begins with thin plate splines, smoothing spline ANOVA models, multicategory penalized likelihood estimates and models for correlated Bernoulli data for regression, in these two settings. Leaving regression, the tour proceeds to the the Support Vector Machine, a modern and very popular tool for classification. Then classification based on dissimilarity information rather than direct attribute information is considered. All of the learning models discussed require dealing with the so-called bias-variance tradeoff, which means choosing the right balance between fidelity and complexity. Tuning methods for choosing the parameters governing this tradeoff are noted. The chapter ends with remarks relating Empirical Bayes and Gaussian Process Priors to the regularization methods
Rhetorical Relations in VerbalEventual Representations? Evidence from Psych Verbs

Psych-verbs are a relatively well-studied phenomenon in theoretical linguistics (Belleti and Rizzi (1988), Grimshaw (1990), etc.), but one for which as yet no truly satisfactory analysis has been developed. This paper seeks to provide a new perspective on the semantics of psych-verbs by bringing ideas based on Asher and Pustejovsky (2000) into the discussion, namely, that the concept of rhetorical relations can be deployed at the lexical level in order to formulate well-formedness conditions between subevents denoted by a verb. The idea is that psych-verbs have a kind of lexical semantics which reflects the semantic properties of the thematic relations Experiencer and Stimulus, have a complex eventual structure, and that differences in how the subevents are related to one another via rhetorical relations account for the observed differences in interpretation for the two groups of psych verbs that have been established in the literature.
Brand placement in text: the short- and long-term effects of placement modality and need for cognition

ABSTRACT The present research explores how placing a brand name in the dialogue versus the narration of a fictional text (i.e. placement modality) affects brand attitude and purchase intention. Moreover, it studies the moderating role of need for cognition (NFC) and measures brand responses both immediately after exposure and two weeks later. As predicted, encountering a brand name in the dialogue as compared to in the narration of a story is associated with lower brand attitudes for readers with high NFC at both measurement points. Purchase intentions are similarly affected, but the effects are only significant at a delay. In contrast, brand evaluations of readers with low NFC are largely unaffected by placement modality.
Random Sampling in Matroids, with Applications to Graph Connectivity and Minimum Spanning Trees

Random sampling i s a powerful way t o gather informat ion about a group by considering only a small part of it. W e give a paradigm f o r applying this technique to optimization problems, and demonstrate its effectiveness o n matroids. Matroids abstractly model many optimization problems that can be solved by greedy methods, such as the minimum spanning tree ( M S T ) problem. Our results have several applications. W e give an algorithm that uses simple data structures to construct a n M S T in O(m+n logn) t ime (Klein and Tarjan [21] have recently shown that a better choice of parameters makes this algorithm run in O(m + n) t ime). W e give bounds o n the connectivity (minimum cut) of a graph suffering random edge failures. W e give fas t algorithms f o r packing matroid bases, with particular attention to packing spanning trees in graphs.
–armed Bandits

We consider a generalization of stochastic bandits where the set of arms, , is allowed to be a generic measurable space and the mean-payoff function is " locally Lipschitz " with respect to a dissimilarity function that is known to the decision maker. Under this condition we construct an arm selection policy, called HOO (hierarchical optimistic optimization), with improved regret bounds compared to previous results for a large class of problems. In particular, our results imply that if is the unit hypercube in a Euclidean space and the mean-payoff function has a finite number of global maxima around which the behavior of the function is locally Hölder continuous with a known exponent, then the expected of HOO regret is bounded up to a logarithmic factor by √ , i.e., the rate of growth of the regret is independent of the dimension of the space. We also prove the minimax optimality of our algorithm when the dissimilarity is a metric.
Enhancement of p53 activity and inhibition of neural cell proliferation by glucocorticoid receptor activation

In analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying glucocorticoid‐induced apoptosis in neural cells, we observed that dexamethasone, by activating glucocorticoid receptors, causes arrest of HT‐22 cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle; upon withdrawal of the agonist, cells resume proliferation. Our investigations revealed that glucocorticoid treatment, although having no effects on endogenous p53 protein stability, induces rapid translocation of p53 to the nucleus and enhances its transcriptional activity. Consistently, transfection studies with p53‐responsive promoters revealed a substantial stimulation of the trans‐activation potential of exogenous p53 by dexamethasone. Cells arrested in G1 failed to show signs of apoptosis even after overexpression of p53. Although dexamethasone induced transcription of the proapoptotic gene bax, there was no increase of Bax protein levels. We conclude that glucocorticoid receptor‐induced neural cell cycle arrest is associated with an increase in nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of p53, and suggest that potentiation of p53 may serve as a brake on cell proliferation and may prime cells for differentiation or death induced by other signals. —Crochemore, C. , Michaelidis, T. M. , Fischer, D. , Loeffler, J.‐P., Almeida, O. F. X. Enhancement of p53 activity and inhibition of neural cell proliferation by glucocorticoid receptor activation. FASEB J. 16, 761–770 (2002)
Reinforcement Learning in Repeated Interaction Games

Abstract We study long run implications of reinforcement learning when two players repeatedly interact with one another over multiple rounds to play a finite action game. Within each round, the players play the game many successive times with a fixed set of aspirations used to evaluate payoff experiences as successes or failures. The probability weight on successful actions is increased, while failures result in players trying alternative actions in subsequent rounds. The learning rule is supplemented by small amounts of inertia and random perturbations to the states of players. Aspirations are adjusted across successive rounds on the basis of the discrepancy between the average payoff and aspirations in the most recently concluded round. We define and characterize pure steady states of this model, and establish convergence to these under appropriate conditions. Pure steady states are shown to be individually rational, and are either Pareto-efficient or a protected Nash equilibrium of the stage game. Conversely, any Pareto-efficient and strictly individually rational action pair, or any strict protected Nash equilibrium, constitutes a pure steady state, to which the process converges from non-negligible sets of initial aspirations. Applications to games of coordination, cooperation, oligopoly, and electoral competition are discussed.
Telling their story of homelessness: voices of Victoria’s Tent City

ABSTRACT In a climate of reduced access to affordable and appropriate housing, tent cities have emerged as a unique solution to homelessness. Conducted with a semi-structured interview schedule, this qualitative study presents the findings of research conducted at Tent City, Victoria in 2016. Using snowball sampling, 12 residents of Tent City participated in research that revealed four themes for analysis: (1) push and pull motivations to join the encampment; (2) the role of services in resident’s lives; (3) residents’ experiences with the outside community; and (4) Tent City as a home community. Push factors included substance abuse, mental health problems, unemployment, family problems while pull factors included lack of affordable and appropriate housing, loss of housing, and personal issues. Residents’ experiences with services were generally negative with social/health services being considered inadequate, housing options overly restrictive and controlling. The outside community was considered hostile and uninformed as the workings of Tent City and the benefits it provided. Importantly, Tent City provided both a psychological and functional sense of community for residents. While the directions for future research are many, further examination of the broader sociopolitical context in which tent cities emerge could be examined. As well, the themes identified here could be explored further in terms of how existing services could be restructured to better respond to the needs of homeless persons.
DT-Miner: Data Mining for the People

DT-miner, a system that integrates association rules in the exploration framework of dynamic taxonomies,is presented. Dynamic taxonomies are a general model for the user-centric systematic and guided exploration of complex information bases. The goal of DT-miner is two-fold: from the one side, it provides a highly interactive, user-centered environment for the exploration of significant association rules according to users' interests. From the other side, exploration through dynamic taxonomies can significantly benefit from association rule metrics that improve user understanding of the information base and can inform the selections he makes.
A Useful Anomaly Intrusion Detection Method Using Variable-length Patterns and Average Hamming Distance

Intrusion detection techniques at the level of system processes are discussed, and a new method named V-AHD (Variable-length Average Hamming Distance) is presented, which can be used to monitor and calculate deviation to discriminate between normal and abnormal sequences of system calls. For the reason that fixed-length patterns can not describe the system behavior correctly and its inability to represent long meaningful substrings, the V-AHD method use Teiresias to get variable-length patterns and construct the normal set. Then the algorithm for detection is described in detail, and the pseudocode is also given. The method has some advantages, such as algorithm simplicity, low overhead of time, high accuracy and real-time detection. The prototype experiments with four attacks prove the validation of the method, which has high True Positive Rate and low False Positive Rate.
More scanning patterns for entropy coding for H.264

In order to reduce the bit rate and to improve the compression performance in video coding in H.264, this paper presents more scanning patterns for entropy coding. Firstly, we investigate the two designs of entropy coding, termed CA VLC and CABAC. And then according to the DCT transform, we deduce that it is possible to adopt more scanning patterns in entropy coding in H.264 to reduce the coding gain at the cost of bit rate. So this paper deduces some different features of an original or residual block, and proposes eight scanning patterns for entropy coding and the corresponding pattern decision method. In the pattern decision method, we make a full search according to the bit rate cost to select the best pattern out of all scanning patterns. Experimental results based on the H.264 JIT reference software of JM 10.1 show that employing the proposed scanning patterns bit rate reduction by up to 4~7% will be obtained with neglectable computation complexity increased and a better performance is also obtained.
Feature location in COBOL mainframe systems: An experience report

Over the last decade, numerous techniques have been proposed in the literature to reverse engineer large legacy systems, several of them even claiming success on industrial scale. Consequently, when faced with a reverse engineering request from a large banking company, we decided to reuse an existing technique (namely, feature location using formal concept analysis on execution profiles) and see whether we could replicate their results. This paper reports our experience with such a replication experiment: we list those things that worked well (and fortunately, there were quite a few) and those things that did not work so well (and try to identify root causes and solutions for the problems we encountered).