Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute transverse myelitis

Acute noncompressive myelopathies were first recognized in the 19th century, and early pathologic studies identified both inflammatory and vascular etiologies.1–3 The terms acute transverse myelitis (ATM) and acute transverse myelopathy have been used interchangeably to describe a syndrome characterized by anterior and posterior (hence transverse) spinal cord impairment resulting in weakness, a sensory level, and autonomic dysfunction. Possible causes include vascular, infectious, neoplastic, collagen vascular, iatrogenic, and autoimmune etiologies.4 In addition, the syndrome can occur as part of CNS demyelinating disease such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or, uncommonly, typical multiple sclerosis (MS). Once such recognized causes are excluded, the question remains as to whether there exists a unique disease entity “idiopathic ATM. ” Based on expert opinion, the Transverse Myelitis Consortium Working Group (TMCWG) proposed diagnostic criteria for idiopathic ATM.5 The clinical requirements include bilateral sensory, motor, or autonomic dysfunction referable to the spinal cord, with a clearly defined sensory level that progresses to the nadir over 4 to 21 days from onset. Neuroimaging, preferably MRI, is used to eliminate structural causes. …
Face image quality assessment for face selection in surveillance video using convolutional neural networks

Automated Face Quality Assessment (FQA) plays a key role in improving face recognition accuracy and increasing computational efficiency. In the context of video, it is very common to acquire multiple face images of a single person. If one were to use all the acquired face images for the recognition task, the computational load for Face Recognition (FR) increases while recognition accuracy decreases due to outliers. This impediment necessitates a strategy to optimally choose the good quality face images from the pool of images in order to improve the performance of the FR algorithm. Toward this end, we propose a FQA algorithm that is based on mimicking the recognition capability of a given FR algorithm using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In this way, we select those face images that are of high quality with respect to the FR algorithm. The proposed algorithm is simple and can be used in conjunction with any FR algorithm. Preliminary results demonstrate that the proposed method is on par with the state-of-the-art FQA methods in improving the performance of FR algorithms in a surveillance scenario.
Planning and reacting in uncertain and dynamic environments

Abstract Agents situated in dynamic and uncertain environments require several capabilities for successful operation. Such agents must monitor the world and respond appropriately to important events. The agents should be able to accept goals, synthesize complex plans for achieving those goals, and execute the plans while continuing to be responsive to changes in the world. As events render some current activities obsolete, the agents should be able to modify their plans while continuing activities unaffected by those events. The Cypress system is a domain-independent framework for defining persistent agents with this full range of behaviour. Cypress has been used for several demanding applications, including military operations, real-time tracking, and fault diagnosis.
A Tangible Programming Tool for Children to Cultivate Computational Thinking

Game and creation are activities which have good potential for computational thinking skills. In this paper we present T-Maze, an economical tangible programming tool for children aged 5–9 to build computer programs in maze games by placing wooden blocks. Through the use of computer vision technology, T-Maze provides a live programming interface with real-time graphical and voice feedback. We conducted a user study with 7 children using T-Maze to play two levels of maze-escape games and create their own mazes. The results show that T-Maze is not only easy to use, but also has the potential to help children cultivate computational thinking like abstraction, problem decomposition, and creativity.
E2F-4 switches from p130 to p107 and pRB in response to cell cycle reentry

The E2F transcription factor couples the coordinate expression of cell cycle proteins to their appropriate transition points. Its activity is controlled by the cell cycle regulators pRB, p107, and p130. These bind to E2F at defined but distinct stages of the cell cycle. Using specific antisera, we have identified the DP and E2F components of each of these species. Although present at very different levels, DP-1 and DP-2 are evenly distributed among each of these complexes. In contrast, the individual E2Fs have distinctly different binding profiles. Consistent with previous studies, E2F-1, E2F-2, and E2F-3 bind specifically to the retinoblastoma protein. In each case, their expression and DNA binding activity are restricted to post-G1/S fractions. Surprisingly, E2F-1 and E2F-3 make unequal contributions to the pRB-associated and free E2F activity, suggesting that these proteins perform different cell cycle functions. Most significantly, this study showed E2F-4 accounts for the vast majority of the endogenous E2F activity. In arrested cells, E2F-4 is sequestered by the p130 protein. However, as the cells pass the G1-to-S transition, the levels of pRB and p107 increase and E2F-4 now associates with both of these regulators. Despite this, a considerable amount of E2F-4 exists as free E2F. In G1 cells, this accounts for almost all of the free activity. Once the cells enter S phase, free E2F is composed of an equal mixture of E2F-4 and E2F-1.
Inferring Generative Model Structure with Static Analysis

Obtaining enough labeled data to robustly train complex discriminative models is a major bottleneck in the machine learning pipeline. A popular solution is combining multiple sources of weak supervision using generative models. The structure of these models affects training label quality, but is difficult to learn without any ground truth labels. We instead rely on these weak supervision sources having some structure by virtue of being encoded programmatically. We present Coral, a paradigm that infers generative model structure by statically analyzing the code for these heuristics, thus reducing the data required to learn structure significantly. We prove that Coral's sample complexity scales quasilinearly with the number of heuristics and number of relations found, improving over the standard sample complexity, which is exponential in n for identifying nth degree relations. Experimentally, Coral matches or outperforms traditional structure learning approaches by up to 3.81 F1 points. Using Coral to model dependencies instead of assuming independence results in better performance than a fully supervised model by 3.07 accuracy points when heuristics are used to label radiology data without ground truth labels.
Improved Survival and Antiretroviral Treatment Outcomes in Adults Receiving Community-Based Adherence Support: 5-Year Results From a Multicentre Cohort Study in South Africa

Introduction:A large increase in lay health care workers has occurred in response to shortages of professional health care staff in sub-Saharan African antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs. However, little effectiveness data of the large-scale implementation of these programs is available. We evaluated the effect of a community-based adherence-support (CBAS) program on ART outcomes across 57 South African sites. Methods:CBAS workers provide adherence and psychosocial support for patients and undertake home visits to address household challenges affecting adherence. An observational multicohort study of adults enrolling for ART between 2004 and 2010 was performed. Mortality, loss to follow-up, and virological suppression were compared by intention to treat between patients who received and did not receive CBAS until 5 years of ART, using multiple imputation of missing covariate values. Results:Of the 66,953 patients who were included, 19,668 (29.4%) patients received CBAS and 47,285 (70.6%) patients did not. Complete-case covariate data were available for 54.3% patients. After 5 years, patient retention was 79.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 77.7% to 80.4%] in CBAS patients versus 73.6% (95% CI: 72.6% to 74.5%) in non-CBAS patients; crude hazard ratio (HR) for attrition was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.65 to 0.72). Mortality and loss to follow-up were independently lower in CBAS patients, adjusted HR (aHR) was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.59 to 0.72) and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.59 to 0.68), respectively. After 6 months of ART, virological suppression was 76.6% (95% CI: 75.8% to 77.5%) in CBAS patients versus 72% (95% CI: 71.3% to 72.5%) in non-CBAS patients (P < 0.0001), adjusted odds ratio was 1.22 (95% CI: 1.14 to 1.30). Improvement in virological suppression occurred progressively for longer durations of ART [adjusted odds ratio was 2.66 (95% CI: 1.61 to 4.40) by 5 years]. Conclusions:Patients receiving CBAS had considerably better ART outcomes. Further scale-up of these programs should be considered in low-income settings.
A Survey of Application Distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are deployed to an area of interest to sense phenomena, process sensed data, and take actions accordingly. Due to the limited WSN node resources, distributed processing is required for completing application tasks. Proposals implementing distribution services for WSNs are evolving on different levels of generality. In this paper, these solutions are reviewed in order to determine the current status. According to the review, existing distribution technologies for computer networks are not applicable for WSNs. Operating systems (OSs) and middleware architectures for WSNs implement separate services for distribution within the existing constraints but an approach providing a complete distributed environment for applications is absent. In order to implement an efficient and adaptive environment, a middleware should be tightly integrated in the underlying OS. We recommend a framework in which a middleware distributes the application processing to a WSN so that the application lifetime is maximized. OS implements services for application tasks and information gathering as well as control interfaces for the middleware.
Coping styles, depressive symptoms and race during the transition to adulthood

In this study, we investigated the relationship between religious coping and depressive symptoms for 467 Black and White American college students from two large Midwestern Universities. We also examined the effects of different religious coping styles on depressive symptoms by race. Chi-square tests indicated that Blacks reported greater use of active and passive religious coping styles in comparison to Whites. Multivariate regression analyses indicated that neither active nor passive religious coping was independently related to depressive symptoms for Blacks or Whites, however, coping without invoking religious beliefs was related to fewer depressive symptoms for Blacks (ß = −0.329, p = 0.001). The results may provide evidence of race differences in religious coping patterns that exist during the transition to adulthood and that Black American young adults may utilise religious coping methods to mitigate psychological distress independent of other indicators of religiosity like church attendance and clergy support, which tend to increase with age.
PARTICIPATION, CIVIL SOCIETY AND SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE

In 1994 South Africa became a democracy with a government elected by the people for the people. Citizens taking control of their own lives is a general goal of a democracy. The Constitution (RSA, 1996), the Reconstruction and Development Programme (ANC, 1994) and subsequent policy documents all advocate the importance of participation and the role of civil society in democratising South Africa. South Africa has chosen the path of developmental social welfare as its reformist approach to explaining and overcoming social problems. Crucial to social change is active citizen participation at many different levels that will enable citizens to contribute to the process of change that will then lead to nation-building, reconciliation and reconstruction (Pretorius-Heuchert & Ahmed, 2001:32). The government has committed itself to collaborating with non-governmental organisations as representative organs of civil society and its entire people in the reconstruction and development of the country. The year 2002 has been declared the year of the volunteer. The Africa National Congress has also launched its matsema campaign or voluntary community service programme to empower communities.
The role of community support and psychological well-being in aging in place

Abstract This study examined the effect of community support and psychological well-being in aging on place in Iowa older people. The data of 1,134 older participants aged 65 years and over were analyzed in this study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple sample analysis in Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Mplus 6.1 were performed to assess how community support predicted aging in place through psychological well-being (loneliness, depression, self-rated health) and to compare this assessment between metropolitan (metro) and non-metropolitan (non-metro) residents. Differences between metro and non-metro residents were obtained in community support, depression and self-rated health. Multiple sample analysis showed that there was a difference in the relationships among community support, psychological well-being, and aging in place. We concluded that the environment—community and degree of urbanization—is a key factor in maintaining physical health as well as psychological well-being among older adults.
Wireless Medical-Embedded Systems: A Review of Signal-Processing Techniques for Classification

Body-worn sensor systems will help to revolutionize the medical field by providing a source of continuously collected patient data. This data can be used to develop and track plans for improving health (more sleep and exercise), detect disease early, and provide an alert for dangerous events (e.g., falls and heart attacks). The amount of data collected by even a small set of sensors running all day is too much for any person to analyze. Signal processing and classification can be used to automatically extract useful information. This paper presents a general classification framework for wireless medical devices and reviews the available literature for signal processing and classification systems or components used in body-worn sensor systems. Examples focus on electrocardiography classification and signal processing for inertial sensors.
Interested Experts, Confused Novices: Art Expertise and the Knowledge Emotions

Experts and novices differ in how they experience and understand art, and expertise in the arts moderates a wide range of aesthetic processes. The present research examined the role of expertise in the experience of interest and confusion, two knowledge emotions, particularly whether expertise moderated the cognitive appraisals that bring about the emotions. A sample of 174 people viewed and rated a series of abstract images taken from small-press publications. Expertise was measured with the aesthetic fluency scale (Smith & Smith, 2006), and multivariate multilevel models were used to estimate the effects of expertise and appraisals. As expected, people high in expertise found the images significantly more interesting and less confusing. The main effects of appraisals on interest and confusion replicated past work, and expertise interacted with most of the appraisals—the cognitive foundations of interest and confusion have different weights for experts and novices.
Cosmological constraints from COMBO-17 using 3D weak lensing

We present the first application of the {3D} cosmic shear method developed in Heavens, Kitching \& Taylor and the geometric shear-ratio analysis developed in Taylor et al., to the {COMBO-17} data set. {3D} cosmic shear has been used to analyse galaxies with redshift estimates from two random {COMBO-17} fields covering 0.52 deg2 in total, providing a conditional constraint in the (? 8, ? m) plane as well as a conditional constraint on the equation of state of dark energy, parametrized by a constant w ? pde/? dec2. The (? 8, ? m) plane analysis constrained the relation between ? 8 and ? m to be ? 8(? m/0.3)0.57+/-0.19 = 1.06+0.17-0.16, in agreement with a {2D} cosmic shear analysis of {COMBO-17. } The {3D} cosmic shear conditional constraint on w using the two random fields is w = -1.27+0.64-0.70. The geometric shear-ratio analysis has been applied to the A901/2 field, which contains three small galaxy clusters. Combining the analysis from the A901/2 field, using the geometric shear-ratio analysis, and the two random fields, using {3D} cosmic shear, w is conditionally constrained to w = -1.08+0.63-0.58. The errors presented in this paper are shown to agree with Fisher matrix predictions made in Heavens, Kitching \& Taylor and Taylor et al. When these methods are applied to large data sets, as expected soon from surveys such as {Pan-STARRS} and {VST-KIDS}, the dark energy equation of state could be constrained to an unprecedented degree of accuracy.
The Emervel French survey: a prospective real-practice descriptive study of 1,822 patients treated for facial rejuvenation with a new hyaluronic acid filler.

BACKGROUND Emervel consists of a range of 5 hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers (Touch, Classic, Lips, Deep, and Volume), with a fixed HA concentration (20 mg/mL), and various degrees of cross-linking and calibration. OBJECTIVES To describe the current use of Emervel fillers in France. METHODS Prospective multicenter, cross-sectional, real-practice, descriptive survey, including 1,822 patients injected with Emervel fillers for face rejuvenation by 58 French physicians between September 2010 and July 2011. The injection modalities were left to the respective physician's discretion. RESULTS The physicians were dermatologists (52.3%), surgeons (43.8%), or general practitioners (14.1%). Nasolabial folds (NLF) with a mean severity 2.4 were mainly injected with Emervel Deep (51.0%) and Emervel Classic (36.0%) (mean volume: 1.0 mL), and primarily with the linear retrograde (LR) technique (89.3%). Marionette lines (ML), with a mean severity 2.6 were mainly injected with Emervel Deep (52.5%) and Emervel Classic (34.6%) (mean volume: 0.8 mL), and mainly with the LR technique (79.5%). More than 90% of patients had scores of 0 or 1 for erythema, bruising, edema, and pain. No serious adverse events were reported up to 15 months after the injection. CONCLUSION These data could contribute to upcoming international consensus on optimal injection modalities of the Emervel range of HA fillers.
Strategy Improvement for Concurrent Reachability and Safety Games

We consider concurrent games played on graphs. At every round of a game, each player simultaneously and independently selects a move; the moves jointly determine the transition to a successor state. Two basic objectives are the safety objective to stay forever in a given set of states, and its dual, the reachability objective to reach a given set of states. First, we present a simple proof of the fact that in concurrent reachability games, for all $\epsilon>0$, memoryless $\epsilon$-optimal strategies exist. A memoryless strategy is independent of the history of plays, and an $\epsilon$-optimal strategy achieves the objective with probability within $\epsilon$ of the value of the game. In contrast to previous proofs of this fact, our proof is more elementary and more combinatorial. Second, we present a strategy-improvement (a.k.a.\ policy-iteration) algorithm for concurrent games with reachability objectives. We then present a strategy-improvement algorithm for concurrent games with safety objectives. Our algorithms yield sequences of player-1 strategies which ensure probabilities of winning that converge monotonically to the value of the game. Our result is significant because the strategy-improvement algorithm for safety games provides, for the first time, a way to approximate the value of a concurrent safety game from below. Previous methods could approximate the values of these games only from one direction, and as no rates of convergence are known, they did not provide a practical way to solve these games.
To Hope or to Know: Coping with Uncertainty and Ambivalence in Women's Magazine Breast Cancer Articles

Breast cancer is one of the most feared diseases in contemporary Western society. Popular women's magazines are important sources of information about and orientation to the disease. The current study applies problematic integration theory in an interpretive analysis of all breast cancer articles appearing in five top-circulating women's magazines between 1997 and 2002. In so doing, the study illuminates two major challenges (uncertainty and ambivalence) and several imperfect approaches to coping constructed in this discourse (simplification, information-seeking/provision, affect management, trusting intuition, sustaining hope, and metaphoric reframing). These results have several clear and important practical implications and highlight a major and largely untried direction for future research.
Visual Specifications for Web-Application Programming Assignments

Programming assignment specifications are typically communicated to learners as text in a natural language. These specifications may be ambiguous, and the problem can be compounded in a linguistically diverse country when learners or instructors lack fluency in the language of communication. In this paper, we propose an alternate way for instructors to specify intent that is suitable for certain types of programming tasks. A visual specification is a recorded or live demonstration of the programmatic solution's functionality. We conducted a study of web-application programming assignments where learners were provided both visual and textual specifications. Based on the results of this study and the feedback obtained from learners, we conclude that visual specifications can help in two ways: (1) visual specifications seem to be clearer than textual specifications for these types of assignments, and (2) learners appear to solve problems more independently with visual specifications.
Spiritual Paradigms: A Response to Concerns Within Social Work in Relation to the Inclusion of Spirituality

The current exploration to incorporating spirituality within social work has left many unanswered questions. This paper explores four identified spiritual paradigms articulated and authenticated through the survey of literature of three spiritual ideologies (Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism) using the process of meta-triangulation. This paper offers the beginnings of a possible answer to some of the central questions, through the articulation of spiritual paradigms that already exist in a language and format that will make them accessible to social work.