Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of 18650 format lithium ion battery vent mechanism flow parameters

Lithium ion batteries have a well documented tendency to fail energetically under various abuse conditions. These conditions frequently result in decomposition reactions within the electrochemical components of the battery resulting in gas generation and increased internal pressure, which could lead to an explosive case rupture. The 18650 format cell incorporates a vent mechanism located within a crimped cap to relieve pressure and mitigate the risk of case rupture. However, cell venting introduces additional safety concerns associated with the flow of flammable gases and liquid electrolyte into the ambient environment. Experiments are performed here to quantify key parameters in describing the external dynamics of battery venting. A first experiment measures the vent burst pressure. Burst vent caps are then tested on a second experimental fixture developed to simulate the choked flow present during failures. This experiment allows measurement of the vent opening area and flow discharge coefficient from stagnation temperature, stagnation pressure, and static pressure measurements combined with a known fixture geometry, compressible-isentropic flow equations, and conservation of mass. Validation experiments are performed to confirm the accuracy of opening area and discharge coefficient measurement. A test series of fifty commercially sourced vent caps describes statistical characteristics of the measurements, and additional trials are performed on vent caps removed from live batteries to demonstrate the potential variation between manufacturers.
Science, medicine, and the future: Microdialysis.

Monitoring tissue chemistry in patients by microdialysis is likely to become routine in clinical practice Many diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in medical practice are based on measuring blood concentrations of endogenous molecules. Yet most biochemical and pharmacological events take place in the tissues. Assessing tissue chemistry should theoretically provide more accurate data, and this can now be achieved relatively cheaply and minimally invasively with microdialysis. This review describes the technique of microdialysis and its application in clinical research, drug monitoring, and drug development. It also discusses how, in the future, measurement of tissue rather than blood chemistry may become the standard for some clinical investigations. Summary points Microdialysis enables the in vivo measurement of tissue chemistry in humans and is feasible in virtually every human organ It is currently being used to monitor brain ischaemia and metabolic control The technique is set to become a standard tool in drug monitoring and development In the future “bedside” microdialysis will allow monitoring of tissue metabolism in a wide range of diseases
Rate of Neural Recovery in Implanted Children with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder

Objectives. The study objectives were to compare the rate of neural recovery and speech perception performance in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) and children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) from other etiologies. Study Design. Cohort study. Setting. Academic hospital and cochlear implant center. Subjects and Methods. Ten children with ANSD were matched based on type of implant and age at implantation with peers diagnosed with SNHL. Electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) recovery functions were obtained to measure neural refractory behaviors in response to stimulation from the cochlear implant. Speech perception performance was measured using speech recognition thresholds (SRTs) for monosyllable and spondee word stimuli. These outcome measures were compared between groups. Results. There was no difference in average recovery function exponent in children with ANSD compared to children with SNHL. Similarly, there were no differences in average SRTs in quiet and in noise in children with ANSD compared to children with SNHL. Relationships between SRT and recovery rate were not present within groups or for all subjects for SRT in quiet, but a significant relationship was found for all subjects for SRT in noise (P = .04). Conclusions. Dyssynchronous neural activity in ANSD may affect temporal encoding of electrical stimulation from a cochlear implant. As a group, children with ANSD did not demonstrate slower neural recovery compared to those with SNHL, but there was slower neural recovery observed for some subjects. The utility of ECAP recovery functions on optimizing the stimulation rate for individual patients with ANSD requires further investigation.
Phosphorylcholine-specific helper T cells in mice with an X-linked defect of antibody production to the same hapten

F1 male mice with the CBA/N X-linked defect that are unable to produce plaque-forming cell responses to phosphorylcholine (PC) provide normal PC-specific helper T-cell activity when compared to F1 female littermates. Inhibition of helper activity with anti-idiotypic antiserum indicates that PC-specific T cells from both NBF1 female and male mice possess predominantly BALB/c myeloma protein HOPC-8 idiotypic determinants. Therefore, the CBA/N defect cannot be explained as a deletion of genes coding for V-region anti-PC specificities. The demonstration of helper activity in NBF1 male mice, which occurs in the absence of anti-PC antibody synthesis, also demonstrates the endogenous origin of the T-cell receptor.
Effect of endoscopic transpapillary biliary drainage with/without endoscopic sphincterotomy on post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in patients with biliary stricture (E-BEST): a protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial

Introduction The effect of endoscopic sphincterotomy prior to endoscopic biliary stenting to prevent post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to prospectively evaluate the non-inferiority of non-endoscopic sphincterotomy prior to stenting for naïve major duodenal papilla compared with endoscopic sphincterotomy prior to stenting in patients with biliary stricture. Methods and analysis We designed a multicentre randomised controlled trial, for which we will recruit 370 patients with biliary stricture requiring endoscopic biliary stenting from 26 high-volume institutions in Japan. Patients will be randomly allocated to the endoscopic sphincterotomy group or the non-endoscopic sphincterotomy group. The main outcome measure is the incidence of pancreatitis within 2 days of initial transpapillary biliary drainage. Data will be analysed on completion of the study. We will calculate the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the incidence of pancreatitis in each group and analyse weather the difference in both groups with 95% CIs is within the non-inferiority margin (6%) using the Wald method. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the institutional review board of Hokkaido University Hospital (IRB: 016–0181). Results will be submitted for presentation at an international medical conference and published in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number The University Hospital Medical Information Network ID: UMIN000025727 Pre-results.
A research‐based laboratory course designed to strengthen the research‐teaching nexus

We describe a 10‐week laboratory course of guided research experiments thematically linked by topic, which had an ultimate goal of strengthening the undergraduate research‐teaching nexus. This undergraduate laboratory course is a direct extension of faculty research interests. From DNA isolation, characterization, and mutagenesis, to protein expression and structural analysis, the research protocols were adapted to suit the weekly 3‐hour biochemistry course. The experiments described are flexible and hypothesis driven, allowing original research to be conducted. Students gain practice in some of the most common techniques used in biochemistry and molecular biology, including minipreps and DNA spectrophometric analysis, DNA restriction digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis, PCR mutagenesis, DNA sequencing analyses, E. coli transformations, whole cell protein extractions, SDS‐PAGE, immunoblots, molecular modeling, and bioinformatics. The studies that begun in the classroom were continued in the research laboratory by undergraduate students, and eventually, the results were published in peer reviewed research articles. This research‐educational program effectively integrated basic research endeavors into the undergraduate curriculum. It proved to be synergistic by nature: research stimulated teaching and teaching supported research. In our experience, this is an effective mechanism to conduct productive research while satisfying teaching duties in undergraduate institutions, where scholarly research is expected but teaching is the primary mission.
Evaluation of traversability of wheeled mobile robots on uneven terrains by fractal terrain model

In this paper, we propose a simulation model of uneven terrains based on fractional Brownian motions (fBm) for evaluating traversatility of mobile robots. Using fBm model, one can generate various terrain models by changing only two parameters. We modeled two different terrains by using fBm and checked statistical traversability of a robot with different wheel sizes and body configurations in computer simulation. To validate the effectiveness of the fBm model, we conducted real experiments with a wheeled mobile robot. Probabilities that the robot can travel a certain distance well agreed with the simulation results.
Privacy-preserving cox regression for survival analysis

Privacy-preserving data mining (PPDM) is an emergent research area that addresses the incorporation of privacy preserving concerns to data mining techniques. In this paper we propose a privacy-preserving (PP) Cox model for survival analysis, and consider a real clinical setting where the data is horizontally distributed among different institutions. The proposed model is based on linearly projecting the data to a lower dimensional space through an optimal mapping obtained by solving a linear programming problem. Our approach differs from the commonly used random projection approach since it instead finds a projection that is optimal at preserving the properties of the data that are important for the specific problem at hand. Since our proposed approach produces an sparse mapping, it also generates a PP mapping that not only projects the data to a lower dimensional space but it also depends on a smaller subset of the original features (it provides explicit feature selection). Real data from several European healthcare institutions are used to test our model for survival prediction of non-small-cell lung cancer patients. These results are also confirmed using publicly available benchmark datasets. Our experimental results show that we are able to achieve a near-optimal performance without directly sharing the data across different data sources. This model makes it possible to conduct large-scale multi-centric survival analysis without violating privacy-preserving requirements.
The Association of Sport Performance with ACE and ACTN3 Genetic Polymorphisms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Genetic polymorphism is suggested to be associated with human physical performance. The angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism and the α-actinin-3 gene (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism have been most widely studied for such association analysis. However, the findings are frequently heterogeneous. We aim to summarize the associations of ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X with sport performance by means of meta-analysis. Methods We systematically reviewed and quantitatively summarized published studies, until October 31, 2012, on relationship between ACE/ACTN3 genetic polymorphisms and sports performance, respectively. Results A total of 366 articles on ACE and 88 articles on ACTN3 were achieved by literature search. A significant association was found for ACE II genotype compared to D allele carriage (DD+ID) with increased possibility of physical performance (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.05–1.45). With respect to sport discipline, the II genotype was found to be associated with performance in endurance athletes (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.17–1.55). On the other hand, no significant association was observed for ACTN3 RR genotype as compared to X allele carriage (XX+RX) (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.92–1.15). However, when restricted the analyses to power events, a significant association was observed (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.03–1.42). Conclusion Our results provide more solid evidence for the associations between ACE II genotype and endurance events and between ACTN3 R allele and power events. The findings suggest that the genetic profiles might influence human physical performance.
Motive-based search: Computing regions from large knowledge bases using geospatial coordinates

To create a better search experience for end users and to satisfy their actual intents even for vaguely formulated queries, a contemporary search engine has to go beyond simple keyword-based retrieval concepts. For a geospatial search, where user queries can be quite complex such as “places for winter sport holidays and culture in Central Europe”, we introduce the notion of geospatial motifs denoting traits of geographical regions. Defining a motif by a set of geospatial entities with certain characteristics, we present an approach to inferring important regions for the motif based on density of these entities. The evaluation of the approach for several motifs showed that the inferred regions are among the most popular places for a motif of interest according to the opinion of several experts and official rankings. Thus, we claim that the presented semi-automatic process of detecting regions for geospatial motifs can contribute to more powerful and flexible search applications which are able to answer user queries containing complex geospatial concepts.
Choking and Excelling at the Free Throw Line

Psychological research suggests that trying to avoid a negative outcome and trying to attain a positive outcome have different effects on performance (Higgins, 1997). We explored this prospect by examining free throw performance among NBA basketball players at the ends of games when the player’s team was ahead or behind in a clutch situation. Players tended to shoot worse than their career average when their team was behind or when their team was ahead by one point. In contrast, players tended to shoot better than their career average when the game was tied. Thus, the point margin affected a player’s likelihood of choking or excelling under pressure. This research provides a novel real-world analysis of the phenomenon of choking under pressure that could guide and motivate future research.
Margin-adaptive model selection in statistical learning

A classical condition for fast learning rates is the margin condition, first introduced by Mammen and Tsybakov. We tackle in this paper the problem of adaptivity to this condition in the context of model selection, in a general learning framework. Actually, we consider a weaker version of this condition that allows us to take into account that learning within a small model can be much easier than in a large one. Requiring this ``strong margin adaptivity'' makes the model selection problem more challenging. We first prove, in a very general framework, that some penalization procedures (including local Rademacher complexities) exhibit this adaptivity when the models are nested. Contrary to previous results, this holds with penalties that only depend on the data. Our second main result is that strong margin adaptivity is not always possible when the models are not nested: for every model selection procedure (even a randomized one), there is a problem for which it does not demonstrate strong margin adaptivity.
Online Learning from Trapezoidal Data Streams

In this paper, we study a new problem of continuous learning from doubly-streaming data where both data volume and feature space increase over time. We refer to the doubly-streaming data as trapezoidal data streams and the corresponding learning problem as online learning from trapezoidal data streams. The problem is challenging because both data volume and data dimension increase over time, and existing online learning <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1"> [1]</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">[2]</xref> , online feature selection <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">[3]</xref> , and streaming feature selection algorithms <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">[4]</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">[5]</xref> are inapplicable. We propose a new Online Learning with Streaming Features algorithm (OL<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{SF}$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zhang-ieq1-2563424.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> for short) and its two variants, which combine online learning <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">[2]</xref> and streaming feature selection <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">[4]</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">[5]</xref> to enable learning from trapezoidal data streams with infinite training instances and features. When a new training instance carrying new features arrives, a classifier updates the existing features by following the passive-aggressive update rule <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">[2]</xref> and updates the new features by following the structural risk minimization principle. Feature sparsity is then introduced by using the projected truncation technique. We derive performance bounds of the OL<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{SF}$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zhang-ieq2-2563424.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> algorithm and its variants. We also conduct experiments on real-world data sets to show the performance of the proposed algorithms.
Bragg supermirrors and polarization-state-dependent attenuation and amplification

The planewave reflection/transmission characteristics of two nanostructured thin films were investigated numerically. The thin films are: (i) a columnar thin film and (ii) a periodic multilayer whose unit cell consists of two different columnar thin films. The nanocolumns of these thin films were taken to be made from dissipative materials while the intercolumnar regions were filled with an active material. A combination of inverse and forward homogenization formalisms was employed to estimate the constitutive parameters of the thin films. By computing reflectances and transmittances, it was found that the thin films can simultaneously amplify s-polarized incident light and attenuate p-polarized incident light, or vice versa. This polarization-state-dependent attenuation and amplification phenomenon depends upon the angle of incidence and the thickness of the thin film. Furthermore, the periodic multilayer was found to exhibit the Bragg phenomenon in two generally distinct polarization-dependent spectral regimes for incident linearly polarized light. The presence of both dissipative and active materials allows the high reflectance to generally exceed unity for incident light of one linear polarization state but not for incident light of the other polarization state, in their respective Bragg regimes; however, transmittances are low in both Bragg regimes. That is, the chosen periodic multilayer is at best a good Bragg mirror for one linear polarization state and a Bragg supermirror for the other linear polarization state.
Implementation of Ontology-driven Workflow Flexibilization Mechanisms

Workflow management systems usually interpret a workflow definition rigidly. However, there are real life situations where users should be allowed to deviate from the prescribed static workflow definition for various reasons, including lack of information and unavailability of the required resources. To flexibilize workflow execution, this paper proposes mechanisms that allow execution to proceed in the presence of incomplete information, by adopting presuppositions, and in the presence of negative information, by suggesting execution alternatives. This paper also presents an architecture for the workflow system, which is driven by ontologies that capture semantic relationships between workflows, resources and users. The focus is on the matching module instance, the component responsible for finding alternatives for workflows, resources and users.
Multiagent ∗ Gradient Ascent with Predicted Gradients

Learning in multiagent environments is a difficult task that requires each agent to consider both their own action and those of their opponents. Research has generally concentrated on using game theoretic ideas and applying the reinforcement learning techniques of Q–learning or policy search to solve this problem. However, most approaches make assumptions that limit their applicability. We present a new algorithm, ‘Gradient Ascent with Predicted Gradients’, that unlike current gradient ascent algorithms, does not require the full information of the game to be visible. Experiments and comparisons are shown between this algorithm and algorithms from the literature, IGA, WoLF–IGA and minimax–Q. The results are promising, showing that the algorithm is able to predict the strategy of an opponent and learn a best response to that strategy.
A simple design and implementation of reconfigurable neural networks

There are some problems in hardware implementation of digital combinational circuits. In contrast, analog design has the advantages of both economy and easy to implement compared with the digital design. In this paper, a simple design and implementation of analog reconfigurable artificial neural network is presented. A novel design of arithmetic unit that including full-adder, full-subtractor, 2-bit digital multiplier and 2-bit digital divider is introduced. The proposed neural network has been realized by hardware components and the results are simulated using H-spice program. Practical results confirm the theoretical considerations.
The discrete multiple wavelet transform and thresholding methods

We propose thresholding for multiwavelets considering the coefficient vectors as a whole rather than thresholding individual elements. A multivariate universal threshold is obtained using the /spl chi//sup 2/ distribution. Simulations indicate that using the GHM multiwavelet with appropriate preprocessing, our method outperforms univariate thresholding of both GHM and Daubechies wavelet decompositions.
Distinguishing Method of Outside Edge in the Tennis Ball-Mean Shift Algorithm

Target tracking is widely applied to monitoring, video coding and military industry. It is a challenge for computer vision that how to conduct effective tracking in video sequences. Of that the main section is to choose proper features and search matching algorithm rapidly. As an effective matching algorithm, due to no exhaustive search required, Mean Shift is successfully applied in target tracking requiring high real-time performance. Motion image detect is applied to industry, military and some important fields such as bank, transportations. This study studies sports target tracking base on Mean Shift. Apply it to outside edge distinguishing in tennis, which has practical significances for high-precision judgment in other sports terms.