Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Essay on the Theory of Growth from Entrepreneurial and Strategic Paradigms

Although entrepreneurship and strategy are widely considered as two branches of the modern organization science, but technically these two have been intertwined seamlessly under the rules of Schumpeterian competition. Having noted this notion this essay reviews the theoretical body of these concepts from an integrative perspective and pinpoints the main aspects of their synthesis in the form of the theory of entrepreneurial strategy. This view may not be entirely novel but it throws light on some contemporary issues that are worth especial attention, review due to seemingly being belittled, neglected or even rejected in the extant body of literature. Consequently this approach illustrates both managerial interactions and directions for further research and provides a new set of insights into this growing field of inquiry.
Investigating interactive search behaviour of medical students: an exploratory survey

In this paper, we investigate medical students medical search behavior on a medical domain. We use two behavioral signals: detailed query analysis (qualitative and quantitative) and task completion time to understand how medical students perform medical searches based on varying task complexity. We also investigate how task complexity and topic familiarity affect search behavior. We gathered 80 interactive search sessions from an exploratory survey with 20 medical students. We observe information searching behavior using 3 simulated work task scenarios and 1 personal scenario. We present quantitative results from two perspectives: overall and user perceived task complexity. We also analyze query properties from a qualitative aspect. Our results show task complexity and topic familiarity affect search behavior of medical students. In some cases, medical students demonstrate different search traits on a personal task in comparison to the simulated work task scenarios. These findings help us better understand medical search behavior. Medical search engines can use these findings to detect and adapt to medical students' search behavior to enhance a student's search experience.
Risk factor distribution for cardiovascular diseases among high school boys and girls of urban Dibrugarh, Assam

Introduction: Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the world, and their incidence is rising rapidly due to increasing rates of risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and tobacco use. These risk factors track from childhood to adulthood, and their distribution varies among males and females; hence, there is a need to determine risk factor prevalence among adolescent age group so as to plan preventive strategies. Objective: To determine the distribution of risk factors of CVDs amongst high school boys and girls of urban Dibrugarh, Assam. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2012 to June 2013 in the schools of urban Dibrugarh, Assam wherein data was collected from 1000 students of Class 8–10 using multistage random sampling and risk factors were assessed using WHO steps methodology. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16 software and test of differences used were Chi-square test and t-test. Results: The prevalence of ever tobacco use was 32.3% among boys and 6.6% among girls (P < 0.001) while ever alcohol use was reported by 11.9% boys and 1% girls (P < 0.001). Prevalence of overweight and hypertension was found to be higher among girls (11.7% and 24.1%) as compared to boys (6.8% and 18.1%). Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was higher among boys while high triglycerides levels were more prevalent among girls. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of various risk factors among boys and girls. There is a need to reduce the risk factor prevalence of CVD among this group of the population to address the future epidemic of NCD. Different health promotional activities need to be implemented to target boys and girls as the risk factor distribution among these groups is different.
Parasite Abundance, Body Size, Life Histories, and the Energetic Equivalence Rule

If common processes generate size‐abundance relationships among all animals, then similar patterns should be observed across groups with different ecologies, such as parasites and free‐living animals. We studied relationships among body size, life‐history traits, and population intensity (density in infected hosts) among nematodes parasitizing mammals. Parasite size and intensity were negatively correlated independently of all other parasite and host factors considered and regardless of type of analyses (i.e., nonphylogenetic or phylogenetically based statistical analyses, and across or within communities). No other nematode life‐history traits had independent effects on intensity. Slopes of size‐intensity relationships were consistently shallow, around −0.20 on log‐log scale, and thus inconsistent with the energetic equivalence rule. Within communities, slopes converged toward this global value as size range increased. A summary of published values suggests similar convergence toward a global value around −0.75 among free‐living animals. Steeper slopes of size‐abundance relationships among free‐living animals could be related to fundamental differences in ecologies between parasites and free‐living animals, although such generalizations require reexamination of size‐abundance relationships among free‐living animals with regard to confounding factors, in particular by use of phylogenetically based statistical methods. In any case, our analyses caution against simple generalizations about patterns of animal abundance.
Development of a Japanese Version of the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ) Using Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data

The present article describes the development of a Japanese version of the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ). The influence of social desirability on the Japanese ECBQ was investigated using a cross-sectional sample (N = 318). The effects of gender and developmental changes in temperament were investigated in a longitudinal sample (N = 191). A three-factor structure was found in the instrument, the three factors being Surgency/Extraversion, Negative Affectivity, and Effortful Control. These factors were the same as those found in the original ECBQ. Social desirability showed less influence on the Japanese ECBQ, indicating the instrument was free from culture-based construct bias. This longitudinal study highlighted that Japanese toddlers have quieter, more withdrawn, and more passive temperaments, a finding that supports that of previous research comparing temperament-scale means between Japanese and U.S. children.
The transcription factor Egr1 regulates the HIF‐1α gene during hypoxia

Using oligonucleotide expression microarrays we have examined the modulation of gene expression in the DU145 prostate cancer cell line. Our findings confirm that the Egr1 transcription factor is rapidly and transiently upregulated by hypoxia. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that HIF‐1α mRNA is also transiently upregulated, as is its target gene VEGF. To elucidate the mechanism of the transcriptional upregulation of the HIF‐1α gene, we have shown that Egr1 is able to directly bind to the HIF‐1α promoter using chromatin immunoprecipitation. We also provide evidence that the binding of Egr1 is necessary for the trans‐activation of the HIF‐1α promoter. These studies highlight the importance for the Egr1 transcription factor in the hypoxic response in cultured prostate cancer cell lines, and indicate that the response of Egr1 is upstream of HIF‐1 in these cells. These studies are the first demonstration that the HIF‐1α transcription factor is targeted directly by Egr1 in hypoxia. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Athlete Aggression on the Rink and off the Ice

Because male athletes have exhibited aggressive tendencies in a variety of settings, they may be at risk for using violence both within and beyond their sports involvement. Five former college/professional hockey players were interviewed to determine their perspectives on the nature of aggression and violence in sports competition as well as in social relationships.The informants were asked aboutathletes’violence and aggression toward teammates, acquaintances, and female intimates. This analysis includes participants’ experiences, observations, and explanations of the instances of violence in hockey culture. The study findings yield (1) a greater understanding of the ways in which hockey socialization and athletes’notions of masculinity combine to create a culture of aggression and violence and (2) two major factors—consumption of alcohol and the objectification of women—that contribute to exporting violence outside the athletic arena.
Mnemonic Strategy Instruction in Inclusive Secondary Social Studies Classes

A B S T R A C T Fifty-nine students enrolled in 4 inclusive world history classes in a suburban high school participated in a within-participants research design to compare the relative effects of mnemonic strategies and direct instruction on academic performance. Regularly assigned high school teachers delivered instruction during history class periods. Keywords with interactive illustrations were alternated with direct instruction procedures to teach 2 units of world history to students in Grades 10 and 11 over a 4-week period. The results revealed no significant differences by condition or group on immediate unit tests. On the cumulative delayed recall tests, however, differences were observed by condition and group. An obtained interaction effect revealed that students for whom English was a second language scored significantly higher in the mnemonic condition, whereas no differences were observed for first-language English, general education students, or students with learning disabilities. Analysis of strategy use data revealed that students employed appropriate strategies, and observational data confirmed that student time on task was higher in the mnemonic condition. Survey data revealed general overall satisfaction with mnemonic strategies on the part of teachers and students. Implications for further research and practice are discussed.
Large-scale network activity and circuit connections in the developing mouse hippocampus

Author(s): Shi, Yulin | Advisor(s): xu, xiangmin | Abstract: Developing neuronal circuits have many interesting properties; understanding the development process can give us insights on functioning of complex adult neural circuits. One of major features of immature neural circuits is the spontaneous activity, which has also been considered a driving force of circuit maturation. Giant Depolarizing Current (GDP) is the major spontaneous activity at single neuron level of developing hippocampus. What is missing, however, is whether hippocampus has large scale network level spontaneous activity that precedes the formation of mature hippocampal circuits, i.e. unidirectional trisynaptic flow. In chapter 1 of this study, we use Voltage Sensitive Dye Imaging to investigate the initiation and propagation of global network activity (GNA) in developing hippocampus. GNA originates in distal CA3 and propagates both forward to CA1 and backward to DG. Single-cell and local field potential recording confirmed GNA is closely related to neuronal activation. Further, enhancement of local circuit connections to excitatory pyramidal neurons occurs over the same time course as GNA. Thus Bi-directional GNA precedes the maturation of the mouse hippocampal circuit, and it is correlated to maturation of functional circuit connections. To further understand the underlying pathway for back-projection from CA3 to DG in the developing hippocampus, in the study of chapter 2, we use laser scanning photostimulation technique to map synaptic circuit development of mossy cells. We observed major regional sources of circuit excitation and inhibition to hilar mossy cells were changed from CA3 to DG during development. The excitatory back projection from CA3 to mossy cell were greatly reduced in adult hippocampus. Thus, hilar mossy cells can play important role in circuit signal back-propagation from CA3 to DG. In chapters 3 and 4, we demonstrate an innovative technology which automatically detects and extracts EPSC and IPSC events in electrophysiological recording. We also present our GPU based computing system and our modification of the previous technology to utilize the power of GPU computing. GPU computation could greatly improve the speed of computation while retaining data precision. Taken together, my dissertation studies contribute new and important knowledge to the field of hippocampus circuit studies, using our newly developed techniques.
Reproducibility of parameters of postocclusive reactive hyperemia measured by diffuse optical tomography

Abstract. The application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess microvascular function has shown promising results. An important limitation when using a single source-detector pair, however, is the lack of depth sensitivity. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) overcomes this limitation using an array of sources and detectors that allow the reconstruction of volumetric hemodynamic changes. This study compares the key parameters of postocclusive reactive hyperemia measured in the forearm using standard NIRS and DOT. We show that while the mean parameter values are similar for the two techniques, DOT achieves much better reproducibility, as measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We show that DOT achieves high reproducibility for muscle oxygen consumption (ICC: 0.99), time to maximal HbO2 (ICC: 0.94), maximal HbO2 (ICC: 0.99), and time to maximal HbT (ICC: 0.99). Absolute reproducibility as measured by the standard error of measurement is consistently smaller and close to zero (ideal value) across all parameters measured by DOT compared to NIRS. We conclude that DOT provides a more robust characterization of the reactive hyperemic response and show how the availability of volumetric hemodynamic changes allows the identification of areas of temporal consistency, which could help characterize more precisely the microvasculature.
Convergence and quasi-optimality of adaptive FEM with inhomogeneous Dirichlet data☆

We consider an adaptive mesh‐refining algorithm for a lowest‐order finite element method (AFEM). Contrary to prior works, where the Poisson equation with homogeneous Dirichlet data is analyzed, our focus is on the case of inhomogeneous Dirichlet data g ≠ 0. As is usually done in practice, we use nodal interpolation to discretize g. Besides convergence of AFEM, which is proven by means of an appropriate contraction quantity, we also discuss quasi‐optimality of the proposed algorithm. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reflexivity in Management Research

Recently the term reflexivity has entered management discourses about research, education and practice. This paper highlights the ambiguity which prevails concerning the concept of reflexivity showing how the ways in which reflexivity itself is constituted inevitably articulates epistemological circularity in that commentators' definitions and prescriptions vary according to their tacit metatheoretical commitments. Hence the aim of this paper is to explore this paradox by excavating such commitments and demonstrating how they constitute particular forms of reflexivity - each with distinctive implications for the role of the management researcher in terms of aims, processes, and outcomes. Three generic forms of reflexivity are proposed: the methodological, the hyper or deconstructive, and the epistemic. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2003.
A supervised approach to movie emotion tracking

In this paper, we present experiments on continuous time, continuous scale affective movie content recognition (emotion tracking). A major obstacle for emotion research has been the lack of appropriately annotated databases, limiting the potential for supervised algorithms. To that end we develop and present a database of movie affect, annotated in continuous time, on a continuous valence-arousal scale. Supervised learning methods are proposed to model the continuous affective response using hidden Markov Models (independent) in each dimension. These models classify each video frame into one of seven discrete categories (in each dimension); the discrete-valued curves are then converted to continuous values via spline interpolation. A variety of audio-visual features are investigated and an optimal feature set is selected. The potential of the method is experimentally verified on twelve 30-minute movie clips with good precision at a macroscopic level.
Implementation of a framework for vulnerability/lethality modeling and simulation

The Department of Defense (DoD) has employed modeling and simulation (M&S) tools in vulnerability and lethality (V/L) assessments of weapon/target systems for many years. A wide variety of simulation tools exist that are used to conduct specific aspects of analyzing weapon systems effectiveness and/or target susceptibility to blast, fragment penetration, hardened target penetration, etc. Previously, a somewhat natural separation of domains existed for these models among surface mobile, ground fixed and airborne target classes. However, it has become evident that many of the methods implemented as part of their respective simulations have applicability across domains. Where applications provide a concrete solution for a particular problem, frameworks are meant to provide a generic solution mechanism for a set of similar or related problems. This simple concept was the key to the implementation of a reusable, extensible architecture known as the endgame framework
The Halo Mass Function from the Excursion Set Method. I. First principle derivation for the non-markovian case of gaussian fluctuations and generic filter

A classic method to compute the mass function of dark matter h alos is the excursion set method, where the density perturbation evolves stochastically with the s moothing scale, and the problem of computing the probability of halo formation is mapped into the so-called fi rst-passage time problem in the presence of a barrier. To date, however, analytical results were only obtained if t he density perturbation is smoothed with a sharp filter in momentum space: the dynamics is then markovian, and the pr obability satisfies the Fokker-Planck equation, with an “absorbing barrier” boundary condition. For differ ent filters (such as the tophat filter in real space necessary to compare with N-body simulations), or when non-Gaussianity is present, th e dynamics becomes non-markovian, the probability does not satisfy a local dif fusion equation, and even the notion of absorbing barrier may be ill-defined. We develop an approach from first p inciples for computing analytically the halo mass function, formulating the problem in terms of a path int egral with boundaries. Our method can be applied when the density is smoothed with a generic filter function, a nd to arbitrary non-Gaussian theories. When we restrict to a sharp filter ink-space and to gaussian fluctuations, we recover the usual res ults of the excursion set method. As soon as we consider a different filter function , already for gaussian fluctuations a complicated structure emerges. Beside “markovian” terms, we now have “m emory” terms that reflect the non-markovianity of the dynamics. We develop a formalism for evaluating pertu rbatively the non-markovian corrections, and we perform explicitly the computation of the halo mass functio n with a tophat filter in coordinate space, to first order in the non-markovian corrections, finding full agreem nt with existing Monte Carlo simulations. These results put excursion set theory on firmer mathematical foun dation and confirm that excursion set theory does not reproduce well the results of N-body simulations when combined with the spherical collaps e model with fixed collapse barrier. In paper II of this series we show that is discrepancy disappears when one properly takes into account the fact that the collapse barrier is itse lf of stochastic nature, and in paper III we use the formalism developed in this paper to compute from first princ iples the effect of non-Gaussianities on the halo mass function. Subject headings: cosmology:theory — dark matter:halos — large scale structu e of the universe
Genome sequence of the marine bacterium Corynebacterium maris type strain Coryn-1T (= DSM 45190T)

Corynebacterium maris Coryn-1T Ben-Dov et al. 2009 is a member of the genus Corynebacterium which contains Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria with a high G+C content. C. maris was isolated from the mucus of the Scleractinian coral Fungia granulosa and belongs to the aerobic and non-haemolytic corynebacteria. It displays tolerance to salts (up to 10%) and is related to the soil bacterium Corynebacterium halotolerans. As this is a type strain in a subgroup of Corynebacterium without complete genome sequences, this project, describing the 2.78 Mbp long chromosome and the 45.97 kbp plasmid pCmaris1, with their 2,584 protein-coding and 67 RNA genes, will aid the GenomicEncyclopedia ofBacteria andArchaea project.
An application of MB-OFDM UWB technology for wireless speaker systems

We propose an application of multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) ultra-wideband (UWB) technology for wireless speaker systems which offer superior high-fidelity audio quality. The proposed scheme applies a (255,171) Reed-Solomon (RS) code and a 1/2 punctured convolutional code to the payload data in order to improve the receiver sensitivity without decreasing the transmission data rate. Because the RS block size is very small compared to the overall modem area, both the required additional hardware cost and the increase in the overall modem size are negligible. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the signal-to-noise ratio by 1.5 dB with a packet error rate of 10-3 in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel when compared to a conventional scheme. The proposed scheme is also implemented using Verilog hardware description language and an emulation test is conducted on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) test board.
Trail : A Fast Synchronous Write Disk Subsystem Using Track-Based Logging

Synchronous disk write presents a serious performance problem for those applications that require strong data integrity guarantee. This paper describes the design and implementation of Trail, a disk subsystem that features a track-based logging technique to minimize the performance impact of synchronous disk write operations. We have demonstrated in this research that Trailcan reduce the latency of a synchronous disk write operation to close to data transfer delay only, the absolute theoretical minimum. Trailfirst buffers an incoming synchronous disk write request at a persistent logging disk, and asynchronously performs the write operation to a normal data disk. As a result, the performance of synchronous disk write is improved significantly without any compromise in data integrity. In the event of system failures, Trail’s data recovery mechanism guarantees the integrity of data blocks that are buffered at the log disk but not yet committed to the actual data disk at the time of failure. The current Trailimplementation is embedded within a SCSI device driver and is thus completely transparent to the rest of the kernel, including the file system. Measured performance results from the first operational Trailprototype under Linux show that the Trail-based file system is more than an order of magnitude faster in synchronous disk write latency than the standard Linux file system without Trail, while offering the same level of integrity guarantee. At the application level, the TPC-C performance of a Trail-based transaction processing system is on average 2.7 times better than one based on standard disk subsystem.