Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Path loss prediction model for a sloped area in microcell based on scale model and real environment measurements

We propose a model for predicting the path loss of a sloped area in a microcell service area of a mobile communication system. This is the prediction model to be proposed that targets a microcell. For practical use, a model requires parameters such as the base station height, angle of the sloped area, and distance from the base station to the sloped area. The proposed model uses a correction method based on the characteristics of the base station height to predict the path loss of the sloped area based on the path loss of flat terrain. The proposed model is verified based on measurements of a scale model and real environments. A 1/70 scale model is constructed of a residential area and the path losses are measured at 10.5 GHz. In real environments, the path losses are measured at 902 MHz. The measurement results show that the path losses predicted using the proposed model are close to the measured results.
Feature Digital Libraries and Autonomous Citation Indexing

The Web is revolutionizing the way researchers access scientific literature, however scientific literature on the Web is largely disorganized. Autonomous citation indexing can help organize the literature by automating the construction of citation indices. Autonomous citation indexing aims to improve the dissemination and retrieval of scientific literature, and provides improvements in cost, availability, comprehensiveness, efficiency, and timeliness.
Analyzing Convex Relaxations for MAP Estimation

When faced with a difficult-to-solve problem, it is standard practice in the optimization community to resort to convex relaxations, that is, approximate the original problem using an easier (convex) problem. The widespread use of convex relaxations can be attributed to two factors: (i) recent advances in convex optimization imply that the relaxation can be solved efficiently; and (ii) the relaxed problem readily lends itself to theoretical analysis that often relieves interesting properties. In this chapter, we will focus on theoretical analysis for MAP estimation of discrete MRFs, with the aim of highlighting the importance of designing tight relaxations. The next chapter will illustrate the efficiency afforded by this approach. We review three standard convex relaxation approaches that have been proposed in the literature:
RRAM based Learning acceleration

Deep Learning (DL) is becoming popular in a wide range of domains. Many emerging applications, ranging from image and speech recognition to natural language processing and information retrieval, rely heavily on deep learning techniques, especially the Neural Networks (NNs). NNs have led to great advances in recognition accuracy compared with other traditional methods in recent years. NN-based methods demand much more computation and memory resource, and therefore a number of NN accelerators have been proposed on CMOS-based platforms, such as FPGA and GPU [1]. However, it becomes more and more difficult to obtain substantial power efficiency and gains directly through the scaling down of traditional CMOS technique. Meanwhile, the large data amount in DL applications also meets an ever-increasing “memory wall” challenge because of the efficiency of von Neumann architecture. Consequently, there is a growing research interest of exploring emerging nano-devices and new computing architectures to further improve power efficiency [2].
Probabilistic inference for solving discrete and continuous state Markov Decision Processes

Inference in Markov Decision Processes has recently received interest as a means to infer goals of an observed action, policy recognition, and also as a tool to compute policies. A particularly interesting aspect of the approach is that any existing inference technique in DBNs now becomes available for answering behavioral question--including those on continuous, factorial, or hierarchical state representations. Here we present an Expectation Maximization algorithm for computing optimal policies. Unlike previous approaches we can show that this actually optimizes the discounted expected future return for arbitrary reward functions and without assuming an ad hoc finite total time. The algorithm is generic in that any inference technique can be utilized in the E-step. We demonstrate this for exact inference on a discrete maze and Gaussian belief state propagation in continuous stochastic optimal control problems.
Cross-layer approach for energy efficient routing in WANETs

A wireless ad hoc network (WANET) is a collection of wireless terminals that communicate with each other without predetermined topology. Since WANET devices are power-limited, network protocols should be designed to prolong the battery lifetime of these devices. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer integration approach for power efficient routing protocol. The proposed cross-layer integration between power control in link layer and routing protocol in network layer aims to maximize the network lifetime. We implement our proposed protocol as an extension to AODV routing protocol. We evaluated the proposed protocol by comprehensively simulating a set of random WANET environments. We simulated six different metrics comparing our proposed protocol with AODV protocol. The results showed that the proposed protocol maximizes the network lifetime, reduces the end-to-end delay, and saves the total energy consumption while achieving the throughput requirement.
How Does Land Development Promote China’s Urban Economic Growth? The Mediating Effect of Public Infrastructure

Although substantial studies emphasized the close relationship among land development, public infrastructure, and urban economic growth, the mediating effect of public infrastructure remains unexplored. Using panel data of 253 prefecture-level Chinese cities from 1999 to 2012, we empirically conduct a mediating effect analysis to examine how land development promotes urban economic growth. It is found that land development has a positive impact on public infrastructure, whereas the construction of public infrastructure is positively related with urban economic growth. Therefore, land development exerts a positive influence on urban economic growth through one important mediator: public infrastructure. It is also found that the mediating effect of public infrastructure is partial. The estimation results are robust to various specifications and sensitivity analysis.
The 28:1 Grant/Sackman legend is misleading, or: How large is interpersonal variation really?

How long do different programmers take to solve the same task? In 1967, Grant and Sackman published their now famous number of 28:1 interpersonal performance differences, which is both incorrect and misleading. This report presents the analysis of a much larger dataset of software engineering work time data with respect to the same question. It corrects the false 28:1 value, proposes more appropriate metrics, presents the results for the larger dataset, and presents results of several further analyses: distribution shapes, effect sizes, and the performance of various significance tests.
HST/WFC3 OBSERVATIONS OF LOW-MASS GLOBULAR CLUSTERS AM 4 AND PALOMAR 13: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MASS LOSS

We investigate the loss of low-mass stars in two of the faintest globular clusters known, AM 4 and Palomar 13 (Pal 13), using HST/WFC3 F606W and F814W photometry. To determine the physical properties of each cluster—age, mass, metallicity, extinction, and present day mass function (MF)—we use the maximum likelihood color–magnitude diagram (CMD) fitting program MATCH and the Dartmouth, Padova, and BaSTI stellar evolution models. For AM 4, the Dartmouth models provide the best match to the CMD and yield an age of >13 Gyr, metallicity log Z/Z☉ = −1.68 ± 0.08, a distance modulus (m − M)V = 17.47 ± 0.03, and reddening AV = 0.19 ± 0.02. For Pal 13 the Dartmouth models give an age of 13.4 ± 0.5 Gyr, log Z/Z☉ = −1.55 ± 0.06, (m − M)V = 17.17 ± 0.02, and AV = 0.43 ± 0.01. We find that the systematic uncertainties due to choice in assumed stellar model greatly exceed the random uncertainties, highlighting the importance of using multiple stellar models when analyzing stellar populations. Assuming a single-sloped power-law MF, we find that AM 4 and Pal 13 have spectral indices α = +0.68 ± 0.34 and α = −1.67 ± 0.25 (where a Salpeter MF has α = +1.35), respectively. Comparing our derived slopes with literature measurements of cluster integrated magnitude (MV) and MF slope indicates that AM 4 is an outlier. Its MF slope is substantially steeper than clusters of comparable luminosity, while Pal 13 has an MF in line with the general trend. We discuss both primordial and dynamical origins for the unusual MF slope of AM 4 and tentatively favor the dynamical scenario. However, MF slopes of more low luminosity clusters are needed to verify this hypothesis.
SANDPLAY: AN INVESTIGATION INTO A CHILD'S MEANING SYSTEM VIA THE SELF CONFRONTATION METHOD FOR CHILDREN

This correlational study was conducted to create a developmentally appropriate and psychometrically sound version of the Self Confrontation Method (Hermans, 1976, 1985, 1987a, 1987b, 1988, 1992; Hermans & Hermans-Jansen, 1995) that can be used with children between the ages of 9 and 12. The reliability and validity of the revised Self Confrontation Method for Children (SCMC) were examined for fourth to sixth graders' valuations of themselves and their world, and valuations of their sandworlds and associated narratives. Results revealed that seven of the eight Indices on the two SCMC valuations demonstrated adequate to very good internal consistency. There was partial support for the instrument's construct validity, as a moderate and positive significant relationship between the S and O Indices emerged. And within-subject comparisons between the S, O, N, and P Indices on the two valuations revealed a moderate and positive significant relationship between the P Indices. Results are discussed in the context of child development and sandplay research.
Omnidirectional chargability with directional antennas

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) has received more and more attentions because of its convenience and reliability. In this paper, we first propose the notion of omnidirectional charging by which an area is omnidirectionally charged if a device with directional antennas at any position in the area with any orientation can be charged by directional chargers with power being no smaller than a given threshold. We present our empirical charging model based on field experimental results using off-the-shelf WPT products. Next, we consider the problem of detecting whether the target area achieves omnidirectional charging given a deterministic deployment of chargers. We develop piecewise constant approximation and area discretization techniques to partition the target area into subareas and approximate powers from chargers as constants. Then we propose the Minimum Coverage Set extraction technique which reduces the continuous search space to a discrete one and thereby allows a fast detection algorithm. Moreover, we consider the problem of determining the probability that the target area achieves omnidirectional charging given a random deployment of chargers. We first replace the target area by grid points on triangular lattices to reduce the search space from infinite to finite, then approximate chargers' power with reasonable relaxation, and derive an upper bound of the omnidirectional charging probability. Finally, we conduct both simulation and field experiments, and the results show that our algorithm outperforms comparison algorithms by at least 120%, and the consistency degree of our theoretical results and field experimental results is larger than 93.6%.
Temperature Effects on Agrobacterium Phytochrome Agp1

Phytochromes are widely distributed biliprotein photoreceptors with a conserved N-terminal chromophore-binding domain. Most phytochromes bear a light-regulated C-terminal His kinase or His kinase-like region. We investigated the effects of light and temperature on the His kinase activity of the phytochrome Agp1 from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. As in earlier studies, the phosphorylation activity of the holoprotein after far-red irradiation (where the red-light absorbing Pr form dominates) was stronger than that of the holoprotein after red irradiation (where the far red-absorbing Pfr form dominates). Phosphorylation activities of the apoprotein, far red-irradiated holoprotein, and red-irradiated holoprotein decreased when the temperature increased from 25°C to 35°C; at 40°C, almost no kinase activity was detected. The activity of a holoprotein sample incubated at 40°C was nearly completely restored when the temperature returned to 25°C. UV/visible spectroscopy indicated that the protein was not denatured up to 45°C. At 50°C, however, Pfr denatured faster than the dark-adapted sample containing the Pr form of Agp1. The Pr visible spectrum was unaffected by temperatures of 20–45°C, whereas irradiated samples exhibited a clear temperature effect in the 30–40°C range in which prolonged irradiation resulted in the photoconversion of Pfr into a new spectral species termed Prx. Pfr to Prx photoconversion was dependent on the His-kinase module of Agp1; normal photoconversion occurred at 40°C in the mutant Agp1-M15, which lacks the C-terminal His-kinase module, and in a domain-swap mutant in which the His-kinase module of Agp1 is replaced by the His-kinase/response regulator module of the other A. tumefaciens phytochrome, Agp2. The temperature-dependent kinase activity and spectral properties in the physiological temperature range suggest that Agp1 serves as an integrated light and temperature sensor in A. tumefaciens.
All-Pay Contests

This paper studies a class of games, "all-pay contests," which capture general asymmetries and sunk investments inherent in scenarios such as lobbying, competition for market power, labor-market tournaments, and R&D races. Players compete for one of several identical prizes by choosing a score. Conditional on winning or losing, it is weakly better to do so with a lower score. This formulation allows for differing production technologies, costs of capital, prior investments, attitudes toward risk, and conditional and unconditional investments, among others. I provide a closed-form formula for players' equilibrium payoffs and analyze player participation. A special case of contests is multiprize, complete-information all-pay auctions. Copyright 2009 The Econometric Society.
Blood pressure modulation by central venous pressure and respiration. Buffering effects of the heart rate reflexes.

BACKGROUND Despite constant fluctuations in cardiac preload caused by the effects of respiration and changes in posture on venous return to the heart, arterial blood pressure remains remarkably constant. The effects of instantaneous lung volume (ILV) and variations of central venous pressure (CVP) on blood pressure (BP) were studied by use of frequency domain techniques to quantify the contribution of heart rate (HR) reflexes to attenuation of the effects of changes in right ventricular preload on arterial pressure. METHODS AND RESULTS Random independent variation of ILV, then CVP (obtained using lower-body negative pressure), was performed in eight humans in the supine position. HR, ILV, CVP, and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BPs were recorded during control periods and after complete blockade obtained by use of 0.04 mg/kg atropine and 0.2 mg/kg propranolol. A frequency-domain analysis was performed on pairwise relations by the cross-spectral technique. During autonomic blockade, fluctuations in CVP were induced up to 0.14 Hz but caused corresponding changes in arterial pressure only up to 0.08 Hz (P < .02), indicating a mechanical damping effect of the heart and pulmonary vasculature. Fluctuations of BP were also delayed from CVP by 1.55 to 2.10 seconds. At frequencies < 0.1 Hz, relations of CVP to all indices of BP increased with blockade (CVP-SBP, 0.9 +/- 0.5 versus 2.7 +/- 0.8 mm Hg/mm Hg, P < .01; CVP-DBP, 1.3 +/- 0.4 versus 4.3 +/- 1.4 mm Hg/mm Hg, P < .01; CVP-pulse pressure [PP], 1.0 +/- 0.3 versus 1.9 +/- 0.8 mm Hg/mm Hg, P < .05). Higher-frequency fluctuations of arterial BP were a relatively pure manifestation of respiratory activity. At frequencies from 0.15 to 0.35 Hz, the relation of ILV to SBP was unchanged with blockade, whereas relations of ILV to DBP and PP decreased (ILV-DBP, 6.1 +/- 3.5 versus 3.3 +/- 2.2 mm Hg/L, P < .02; ILV-PP, 7.0 +/- 4.3 versus 2.7 +/- 2.2 mm Hg/L, P < .01). An associated change in phase of these relations suggested that neurally mediated changes in HR may offset mechanical effects caused by respiration. CONCLUSIONS Both slow changes of BP (< 0.08 Hz) induced by variations of CVP and more rapid changes induced by ILV are actively buffered by heart rate reflexes. During blockade, the mechanical properties of interposed cardiopulmonary structures limit CVP-induced fluctuations of BP. These findings have implications for BP regulation in pathological conditions associated with impairment of HR control.
Essential Dimensions of A_7 and S_7

We show that Y. Prokhorov's ``Simple Finite Subgroups of the {C}remona Group of Rank 3'' implies that, over any field of characteristic $0$, the essential dimensions of the alternating group, $A_7$, and the symmetric group, $S_7$, are $4$.
Analytical BER Analysis of the Space Time Block Coded Systems in Frequency Selective Rician Fading Channels

This paper presents a different approach to analyze the performance of an arbitrary linear STBC system over frequency-selective generalized Rician fading channels with single carrier transmissions. First, the performance of STBC without channel coding over ISI Rician fading channels is analyzed. Then, the performance of channel-coded STBC systems over ISI channels is analyzed. In the analyses, pairwise error probability (PEP) and bit error probability (BEP) are derived and approximated. The approximation of the BEP is computed by using the union bound. Extensive simulation and numerical results are provided to verify the theoretical performance analyses. It is shown that the theoretical analyses and simulation results agree with one another well even at low SNRs
Recent lesson from a clinical and seroepidemiological survey: low positive predictive value of Borrelia burgdorferi antibody testing in a high risk population.

PURPOSE The evaluation of the correspondence between positive Borrelia burgdorferi antibody response and the clinical symptoms attributed to Lyme disease is especially important in labour rights-related issues among forestry workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between 1992 and 1995, 1670 forestry workers were surveyed and tested serologically for Lyme borreliosis in Hungary. The collected data was analysed retrospectively. RESULTS In the case histories of the forestry employees erythema migrans, polyneuropathy and large joint arthritis were mentioned in 128 (7.7%), 192 (11.5%), and 93 (5.6%) workers, respectively. We found positive Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. antibody reaction in 622 workers out of whom 280 (45%) were free of any signs or symptoms referring to B. burgdorferi s.l. infection in their case histories. The frequency of seropositivity increased with age, number of registered tick bites, and erythema migrans in case history, as well as arthralgia. The frequency of polyneuropathy was somewhat more closely corresponding with age than seropositivity. Women gave account of a smaller number of tick bites, and were less likely seropositive while fewer of them were symptom-free. Since the 45% of seropositive forestry workers were symptom-free and they could not recall any symptoms suggestive for present or past Lyme borreliosis, the positive predictive value of Borrelia antibody testing in this high-risk group is surprisingly low, less than 5%. CONCLUSION Positive Borrelia antibody test result may be especially misleading in a high-risk population.
Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience

Gutnisky and Josic, 2010). There are also a variety of methods for capturing precise synchrony between neurons through explicit sharing of spikes (Kuhn et al. All of the approaches described above are designed to capture and/or control the total correlation between spike trains and, as such, are of limited utility in the context of early sensory systems where it is important to separate internal network correlations from those due to the external stimulus. In this paper, we propose a framework designed specifically to model spike trains in which the total correlation can be separated into signal and noise components. If responses to repeated trials of an identical sensory stimulus are observed, the signal correlation, which reflects both correlation in the stimulus itself and similarities in neurons' preferred stimulus features, will be evident in the fraction of the response that is repeatable from trial-to-trial. Noise correlation, which results from the activity of network and intrinsic cellular mechanisms, will be evident in the fraction of the response that is variable from trial-to-trial (note that the term noise correlation is not meant to imply that the activity underlying this correlation is unimportant, but simply that is not directly dependent on the stimulus).
Glutamine Supplementation in Intensive Care Patients

Abstract The role of glutamine (GLN) supplementation in critically ill patients is controversial. Our aim was to analyze its potential effect in patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). We performed a systematic literature review through Medline, Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, Ovid, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane-Controlled Trials Register searching for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published from 1983 to 2014 and comparing GLN supplementation to no supplementation in patients admitted to ICU. A random-effect meta-analysis for each outcome (hospital and ICU mortality and rate of infections) of interest was carried out. The effect size was estimated by the risk ratio (RR). Thirty RCTs were analyzed with a total of 3696 patients, 1825 (49.4%) receiving GLN and 1859 (50.6%) no GLN (control groups). Hospital mortality rate was 27.6% in the GLN patients and 28.6% in controls with an RR of 0.93 (95% CI = 0.81–1.07; P = 0.325, I2 = 10.7%). ICU mortality was 18.0 % in the patients receiving GLN and 17.6% in controls with an RR of 1.01 (95% CI = 0.86–1.19; P = 0.932, I2 = 0%). The incidence of infections was 39.7% in GLN group versus 41.7% in controls. The effect of GLN was not significant (RR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.76–1.03; P = 0.108, I2 = 56.1%). These results do not allow to recommend GLN supplementation in a generic population of critically ills. Further RCTs are needed to explore the effect of GLN in more specific cohort of patients.