Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outer Circle Versus Inner Circle: Special Considerations While Rejuvenating an Indian Face Using Fillers

Introduction: An oval face, pronounced cheek bones, a defined jaw line and a smooth Ogee curve are global aesthetic beauty goals. Though criteria are similar the Indian face poses some unique challenges because of the innate differences in skeletal shape, size, and soft tissue disposition. Width of the malar prominences and mandibular angles along with height are smaller compared to the other Asian and Caucasian populations along with a much heavier soft tissue disposition. This creates unique deficits and places unique demands on aesthetic intervention. Objectives: The evolution of practice patterns has lead to a variety of newer approaches; however, it is still common to target the nasolabial and mid-face volumizing as basic intervention for facial beautifying and rejuvenation. As aging progresses, Indian faces tend to get fuller and the tissue then descends downwards similar to other ethnic groups albeit more aggressive due to higher volumes of facial fat pad and smaller bone framework. Any excess correction in the inner circle zones will further add to the bulk along with cumulative remnants of previously administered fillers. Methods: In a younger face when the goal is beautification the attempt is to address the specific structural deficit on the outer bony framework along with the chin. This enhances the appearance immediately as well as holds up the tissue descent as they age. When the goal is youthful transition of an aging face, then again the bony changes further enhance the deficit in framework and the loss of fat pads along the periphery that is lateral forehead, temples and lateral cheek. Fat pad correction will give the most natural and best results as against working on the anterior mid cheek, nasolabials and angle of the mouth in a soft tissue heavy center zone of the face. Botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers remain the most popular facial injectables used for facial rejuvenation and structural enhancement. Results: Naturally enhanced faces, and gracefully addressed aging changes are important. Fillers administered on the outer zones of the face rather than the inner zone gives better aesthetic results.
The ATLAS 5.5 GHz survey of the extended Chandra Deep Field South: catalogue, source counts and spectral indices

Star-forming galaxies are thought to dominate the sub-mJy radio population, but recent work has shown that low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can still make a significant contribution to the faint radio source population. Spectral indices are an important tool for understanding the emission mechanism of the faint radio sources. We have observed the extended Chandra Deep Field South at 5.5 GHz using a mosaic of 42 pointings with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. Our image reaches an almost uniform sensitivity of ∼12 μJy rms over 0.25 deg 2 with a restoring beam of 4.9 arcsec × 2.0 arcsec, making ATLAS 5.5 GHz survey one of the deepest 6 cm surveys to date. We present the 5.5 GHz catalogue and source counts from this field. We take advantage of the large amount of ancillary data in this field to study the 1.4 to 5.5 GHz spectral indices of the sub-mJy population. For the full 5.5 GHz selected sample we find a flat median spectral index, α med = −0.40, which is consistent with previous results. However, the spectral index appears to steepen at the faintest flux density levels ( S 5.5 GHz α med = −0.68. We performed stacking analysis of the faint 1.4 GHz selected sample (40 S 1.4GHx α = −0.8, consistent with synchrotron emission. We also found a weak trend of steepening spectral index with redshift. Several young AGN candidates are identified using spectral indices, suggesting that gigahertz peaked-spectrum sources are as common in the mJy population as they are at Jy levels.
Bit Error Probability of SM-MIMO Over Generalized Fading Channels

In this paper, we study the performance of spatial modulation (SM) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems over generic fading channels. More precisely, a comprehensive analytical framework to compute the average bit error probability (ABEP) is introduced, which can be used for any MIMO setup, for arbitrary correlated fading channels, and for generic modulation schemes. It is shown that, when compared with state-of-the-art literature, our framework 1) has more general applicability over generalized fading channels, 2) is, in general, more accurate as it exploits an improved union-bound method, and, 3) more importantly, clearly highlights interesting fundamental trends about the performance of SM, which are difficult to capture with available frameworks. For example, by focusing on the canonical reference scenario with independent identically distributed Rayleigh fading, we introduce very simple formulas that yield insightful design information on the optimal modulation scheme to be used for the signal constellation diagram, as well as highlight the different roles played by the bit mapping on the signal and spatial constellation diagrams. Numerical results show that, for many MIMO setups, SM with phase-shift-keying (PSK) modulation outperforms SM with quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM), which is a result never reported in the literature. In addition, by exploiting asymptotic analysis, closed-form formulas of the performance gain of SM over other single-antenna transmission technologies are provided. Numerical results show that SM can outperform many single-antenna systems and that, for any transmission rate, there is an optimal allocation of the information bits onto spatial and signal constellation diagrams. Furthermore, by focusing on the Nakagami-fading scenario with generically correlated fading, we show that fading severity plays a very important role in determining the diversity gain of SM. In particular, the performance gain over single-antenna systems increases for fading channels less severe than Rayleigh fading, whereas it gets smaller for more severe fading channels. In addition, it is shown that the impact of fading correlation at the transmitter is reduced for less severe fading. Finally, analytical frameworks and claims are substantiated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations.
The Potential of an Infinite Rod-Like Molecule and the Distribution of the Counter Ions.

The Debye-Huckel theory provides an adequate description of the be-havior of simple electrolytes at low concentrations. It contains, however, two inherent limitations: spherical symmetry, and the condition that the electrostatic potential energy of a test ion be small compared to kT. Several cases involving non-spherical geometry have been treated; Verwey and Overbeek' summarize the pertinent literature to 1948. In the case of polyelectrolytes2 (especially in the absence of added simple electrolyte), we find high concentrations of charge in small volumes; in the vicinity of such a multiple charge, the potential energy of a counter ion is necessarily many times kT. his results are not available in the literature at this time.
Comparative study between 2 different doses of pregabalin and lidocaine on pain following propofol injection

Background:Propofol, an intravenous anesthetic, often causes pain on injection, which can be very distressful to patients. We investigated the analgesic effect of pregabalin on pain following propofol injection, compared with lidocaine. Methods:In a randomized, double-blind, prospective trial, 120 patients were randomized into 3 groups of 40 each; who received oral placebo and intravenous lidocaine 40 mg with venous occlusion for 1 minute (group L, n = 40), oral pregabalin 75 mg and intravenous normal saline with venous occlusion for 1 minute (group LP, n = 40), and oral pregabalin 150 mg and intravenous normal saline with venous occlusion for 1 minute (group HP, n = 40) as pretreatment, followed by administration of 1% propofol 0.5 mg/kg. Pain intensity was measured on a 4-point scale (0 = no, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe pain). Any side effects associated with pretreatment substances were recorded during the first 24 hours after surgery. Results:A total of 120 patients completed this trial. Demographic data were similar between groups. The incidence of pain following propofol injection was significantly reduced in group HP (50%) and group L (55%) compared with group LP (92.5%) (P < 0.05, respectively). The incidences of moderate pain in group HP (12.5%) and group L (15%) were significantly decreased compared with group LP (37.5%; both, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of side effects such as headache and dizziness between groups. Conclusion:Pretreatment with oral pregabalin 150 mg and intravenous lidocaine 40 mg with venous occlusion equally reduced pain from propofol injection.
External Plagiarism Detection - Lab Report for PAN at CLEF 2010

Here we describe our algorithm for detecting external plagiarism in PAN-10 competition. The algorithm has two steps 1. Identification of similar documents and the plagiarized section for a suspicious document with the source documents using Vector Space Model (VSM) and cosine similarity measure and 2. Identify the plagiarized area in the suspicious document using Chunk ratio.
The Origin of Amerindians and the Peopling of the Americas According to HLA Genes: Admixture with Asian and Pacific People

The classical three-waves theory of American peopling through Beringia was based on a mixed anthropological and linguistic methodology. The use of mtDNA, Y chromosome and other DNA markers offers different results according to the different markers and methodologies chosen by different authors. At present, the peopling of Americas remains uncertain, regarding: time of population, number of peopling waves and place of peopling entrance among other related issues. In the present review, we have gathered most available HLA data already obtained about First Native American populations, which raise some doubts about the classical three waves of American peopling hypothesis. In summary, our conclusions are: 1) North West Canadian Athabaskans have had gene flow with: a) close neighboring populations, b) Amerindians, c) Pacific Islanders including East Australians and d) Siberians; 2) Beringia was probably not the only entrance of people to America: Pacific Ocean boat trips may have contributed to the HLA genetic American profile (or the opposite could also be true); 3) Amerindians entrance to America may have been different to that of Athabaskans and Eskimos and Amerindians may have been in their lands long before Athabaskans and Eskimos because they present and altogether different set of HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies; 4) Amerindians show very few “particular alleles”, almost all are shared with other Amerindians, Athabaskans and Pacific Islanders, including East Australians and Siberians; 5) Our results do not support the three waves model of American peopling, but another model where the people entrance is not only Beringia, but also Pacific Coast. Reverse migration (America to Asia) is not discarded and different movements of people in either direction in different times are supported by the Athabaskan population admixture with Asian-Pacific population and with Amerindians, 6) HLA variability is more common than allele veriability in Amerindians. Finally, it is shown that gene genealogy analises should be completed with allele frequency analyses in population relatednes and migrations studies.
The effect of oral contraceptive agents on the basal metabolic rate of young women

Abstract The use of oral contraceptive agents by women may be a factor that contributes to the observed inter-individual variability in the BMR. We, therefore, measured the BMR, body build and composition in two groups of young women and also assessed their self-reported level of physical activity. One group had been using oral contraceptive agents for a period of 6 months or more (OCA, n 24), while the other group had never used oral contraceptives (NOCA, n 22). There were no significant differences in age, body build or composition. The absolute BMR in the two groups were not significantly different when compared using an unpaired t test (OCA: 5841 (SD 471) v. NOCA: 5633 (SD 615)kJ/d). However, using an analysis of covariance, with either body weight or a combination of fat and fat free mass as covariates, the OCA group had a BMR almost 5% higher than that of the NOCA group (OCA: 5871 v. NOCA: 5601 kJ/d; P=0·002). When those subjects with high self-reported levels of physical activity were excluded, the difference in BMR between the two groups persisted (P = 0·001). An ANOVA of oral contraceptives use and phase of menstrual cycle showed significant differences in BMR with use of oral contraceptives (P=0·004) but no difference in BMR between phases of the menstrual cycle. In conclusion, the ose of oral contraceptive agents deserves consideration when conducting and analysing data from studies on energy metabolism in young women, as it results in a significantly higher BMR.
Weakly supervised learning of information structure of scientific abstracts - is it accurate enough to benefit real-world tasks in biomedicine?

MOTIVATION Many practical tasks in biomedicine require accessing specific types of information in scientific literature; e.g. information about the methods, results or conclusions of the study in question. Several approaches have been developed to identify such information in scientific journal articles. The best of these have yielded promising results and proved useful for biomedical text mining tasks. However, relying on fully supervised machine learning (ml) and a large body of annotated data, existing approaches are expensive to develop and port to different tasks. A potential solution to this problem is to employ weakly supervised learning instead. In this article, we investigate a weakly supervised approach to identifying information structure according to a scheme called Argumentative Zoning (az). We apply four weakly supervised classifiers to biomedical abstracts and evaluate their performance both directly and in a real-life scenario in the context of cancer risk assessment. RESULTS Our best weakly supervised classifier (based on the combination of active learning and self-training) performs well on the task, outperforming our best supervised classifier: it yields a high accuracy of 81% when just 10% of the labeled data is used for training. When cancer risk assessors are presented with the resulting annotated abstracts, they find relevant information in them significantly faster than when presented with unannotated abstracts. These results suggest that weakly supervised learning could be used to improve the practical usefulness of information structure for real-life tasks in biomedicine.
Childhood Temperament as a Predictor of Substance Use in Early Adolescence

This project examined childhood temperament as a predictor of substance use in early adolescence. Many previous studies of temperament and substance use were cross-sectional, and thus could not address the direction of this relationship. Previous longitudinal studies did not address childhood temperament as a risk factor for substance use. In addition, many studies only considered a small number of covariates of substance use. This study improved on previous studies by collecting childhood temperament data at ages when substance use is rare, and addressing the direction of this relationship. In addition, substance use data were collected in early adolescence and other covariates were analyzed. The data were from a longitudinal, epidemiological study of the effects of prenatal substance use, and included covariates of substance use such as maternal substance use and psychiatric symptoms, child psychiatric symptoms, and family history of substance use problems. Temperament was measured at ages 6 and 10 using the Emotionality, Activity, Sociability, and Shyness Survey (Buss & Plomin, 1984). Substance use outcomes were measured at age 14 with the Health Behavior Questionnaire (Jessor, Donovan, & Costa, 1989), which measures the quantity and frequency of substance use, including cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. Increased sociability and increased activity at age 6 predicted ever having tried a cigarette by age 14. This relationship remained significant when controlling for other relevant covariates. Temperament at ages 6 and 10 did not predict alcohol, marijuana, or polysubstance use outcomes, although increased sociability did predict escalation of marijuana use. This project also identified common and unique predictors of the initiation and escalation of use of specific substances.Children with high levels of activity and sociability at age 6 are at increased risk for substance use in early adolescence. The public health importance of these findings is that parents or teachers can easily identify these traits at young ages. Prevention efforts may then be aimed at these children starting in early elementary school in the hopes of reducing and delaying the initiation of their substance use in adolescence. These results may also be used to tailor prevention and intervention efforts to use of specific substances.
Critical thinking dispositions in baccalaureate nursing students.

AIM This paper reports an investigation into the critical thinking disposition of students enrolled in a baccalaureate nursing programme at a university in Korea. BACKGROUND Critical thinking may be summarized as a skilled process that conceptualizes and applies information from observation, experience, reflection, inference and communication in a technical manner. It is more of a rational act used as an instrument rather than as a result. Critical thinking is a core competency in nursing and has been widely discussed in nursing education. However, the results of previous research on the effectiveness of nursing education in improving students' critical thinking have been inconsistent. METHODS A longitudinal design was used with a convenience sample of 60 nursing students; 32 students participated four times in completing a questionnaire each March from 1999 to 2002. The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory was administered to measure disposition to critical thinking. RESULTS There was a statistically significant improvement in critical thinking disposition score by academic year (F = 7.54, P = 0.0001). Among the subscales, open-mindedness, self-confidence, and maturity also showed a statistically significant difference by academic year (P = 0.0194, 0.0041, 0.0044). CONCLUSION Teaching strategies to enhance critical thinking should be developed, in addition to further research on the effect of the nursing curriculum on students' critical thinking. Moreover, survey instruments could be adjusted to incorporate characteristics of the Korean culture.
The Subjective Experience of Drought: A Study in Rural Tasmania

If climate change occurs as predicted, forecasts suggest more frequent and prolonged droughts in Australia. Farming populations, responsible for the supply of fresh food to the greater population, are often worst hit when these weather events occur. The current study looks at the construction and interpretation of drought and climate change in farmers through the midlands of Tasmania. A mixed method approach was used in the current study and a phenomenological scientific reduction to analyse the stories of 13 farmers. Six major themes emerged from the data including preparedness, positivity, social connectedness, reflective practice, perseverance and solastalgia. Preparedness relates to awareness of problem areas in drought and the preparation for these. Positivity covers aspects of experience relating to the living of life well and social connectedness relates to the role of and connection to other people and to the community more generally. Reflective practice relates to the learning from experience captured by ongoing assessments of the situation, application of skills and knowledge, and the development of new skills and knowledge where necessary in the face of drought. Perseverance involves sustained effort and little reward and tolerance of unpredictability and uncertainty and solastalgia is an experiential theme related to the noticing and response to change through drought and over time. Although distress is evident in the stories of farmers in the current study, emergent themes highlight a sense of strength, community, resilience and perseverance through drought.
A System Architecture for Ubiquitous Tracking Environments

Ubiquitous tracking setups, covering large tracking areas with many heterogeneous sensors of varying accuracy, require dedicated middleware to facilitate development of stationary and mobile applications by providing a simple interface and encapsulating the details of sensing, calibration and sensor fusion. In this paper we present a centrally coordinated peer-to-peer architecture for ubiquitous tracking, where a server computes optimal data flow configurations for sensor and application clients, which are directly exchanging tracking data with low latency using a light-weight data flow framework. The server's decisions are inferred from an actively maintained central spatial relationship graph (SRG) using spatial relationship patterns. The system is compared to a previous Ubitrack implementation using the highly distributed DWARF middleware. It exhibits significantly better performance in a reference scenario.
Wi-Vision: An Accurate and Robust LOS/NLOS Identification System Using Hopkins Statistic

Knowing whether the propagation path between transmitter and receiver is Line-Of-Sight (LOS) or No-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) propagation is a important factor for improving the performance of communication services and vast of mobile computing applications. Several promising systems in the current commodity WiFi networks analyze frequency- dependent amplitude and phase of Channel State Information (CSI) to achieve a LOS/NLOS recognition scheme, but robustness not be considered enough since there are many frequently-used wireless channels. With the development of Multiple-Input- Multiple-Output (MIMO), the spatial properties of channel can be obtained effortlessly. Consequently, it provides a potential to utilize the unchanged spatial information of multipath signals to get a robustness LOS recognition system. Here, we propose Wi-vision, an accurate and robust LOS recognition system based on Single-Input-Multiple-Output (SIMO) measurements in indoor environment. We creatively introduce the Hopkins statistic to measure the distribution of Angle-Of-Arrival (AOA) and relative Time-Of-Flight (TOF) of multipath under LOS and NLOS condition, respectively. The test results show that Wi-vision possesses consistent LOS and NLOS detection rate of above 91% and 87% respectively with different system configurations.
Joint Frequency Offset and Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems Using Pilot Symbols and Virtual Carriers

We consider joint estimation of carrier frequency offset and channel impulse response (CIR) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with pilot symbols and virtual subcarriers (VCs). We derive the receive-signal correlation structure due to the pilots and VCs, give the evidence of joint multivariate Gaussian distribution of the received samples, and derive an approximate maximum likelihood (ML) frequency offset estimator. We also derive the asymptotic mean-square error (MSE) and an approximate Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) and establish the asymptotic unbiasedness. Without pilots, in high signal-to-noise ratio, our estimator is equivalent to Liu and Tureli's estimator with Nv virtual carriers. When the pilot number (Np) is greater than the channel length L, our estimator acts as a subspace-based estimator with Nv + Np - L virtual carriers. A decision-directed joint ML estimator is derived to iteratively update the estimates of frequency offset, data symbols and CIR. The optimal pilot and virtual carrier placement strategies are also discussed. The resulting decision-directed joint estimator performs within 0.8 dB of the ideal case even when the frequency offset is as large as 20%