Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organization of the posterior parietal cortex in galagos: I. Functional zones identified by microstimulation

We used half‐second trains of intracortical microstimulation to study the functional organization of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in prosimian galagos. These trains of current pulses evoked meaningful behaviors from the anterior, but not posterior, half of PPC. Stimulation of dorsal PPC caused contralateral forelimb movements, including defensive, hand‐to‐mouth, and reaching movements. Defensive and hand‐to‐mouth movement territories overlapped, although hand‐to‐mouth movements were usually evoked from more rostrolateral sites than defensive movements. Reaching movement sites were typically more caudal than defensive or hand‐to‐mouth movement sites. Stimulation of the most medial PPC sites evoked complex movements of forelimbs and hindlimbs. Ventral PPC commonly represented defensive face movements. Similar defensive movements, with the addition of widely opening the mouth to expose the teeth, were elicited from a small area in front of the PPC defensive face zone. Sometimes defensive face movements occurred with forelimb movements. Thus, subregions of PPC relate to different ethologically relevant categories of behavior. Most movements were initiated within 33–100 msec after stimulus onset. Face, eye blink, and ear movements were generally less delayed than forelimb movements. The present results in galagos, together with those obtained from macaque monkeys by Graziano and coworkers (Graziano et al. [2002a] Neuron 34:841–851; Cooke et al., [2003] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:6163–6168), suggest that the functional involvement of the PPC in specific types of sensorimotor behavior evolved early in the course of primate evolution and that networks for complex movements involving motor and posterior parietal areas are characteristic of all primate brains. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:765–782, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Supplementary materials for Granular clustering of de novo protein models

The benchmark set of 295 non-homologous protein targets (Bibby et al., 2012) was used in the evaluation of the partial models produced with the GC algorithm (40 to 120 residues long, 2.2Å resolution ro better, R < 0.25, Rfree < 0.35). 500 decoys were folded by ROSETTA (Leaver-Fay et al., 2011) de novo for each target. Homologous proteins were excluded from the Rosetta fragment library, to simulate de novo folding a structure that has no known homologues. The decoys were processed by AMPLE and GC using default parameters. Only poly-alanine clusters containing 18 or more residues were considered. This process produced on average 28.7 clusters by AMPLE and 18.6 clusters by GC per target. Each GC cluster contained 10 models, each AMPLE cluster contained 1 to 30 models according to their respective default settings. MR procedure was performed with Phaser (McCoy et al., 2007). Estimated RMSD error was set to 1Å and datasets were truncated to 2Å resolution, the rest of the Phaser parameters remaining at default values. The solution yielding the lowest mean phase error (MPE) from the native structure allowing for possible origin differences, as calculated by cphasematch (Winn et al., 2011), was extended by SHELXE (Thorn and Sheldrick, 2013) using 15 cycles of autotracing, input model pruning, specialised search for α-helices, and three-fold increase of the time spent for the helices and peptide search. As in (Bibby et al., 2012) the MR procedure was considered successful if CC of ≥ 25 and a mean chain length of ≥ 10 were achieved by SHELXE. The detailed case-by-case information for the benchmark set of protein targets is presented in the Table 1. For both the GC-based and AMPLE-based models integral coverage P of the obtained partial model pool at 2Å and 3Å RMSD cutoff to the target structure, lowest cluster MPE achieved by MR search, and the final result of the structure solution are given. The scripts used for the validation pipeline are available at https://github.com/biocryst/ gc/validation
User Features , and Social Networks for Twitris : A System for Collective Social Intelligence

Munzner T (2009) A nested process model for visualization design and validation. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 15(6):921–928 Munzner T, Guimbretiére F, Tasiran S, Zhang L, Zhou Y (2003) TreeJuxtaposer: scalable tree comparison using focus+context with guaranteed visibility. Proc SIGGRAPH 2003, ACM Trans Graph 22(3): 453–462 Mutzel P, Gutwenger C, Brockenauer R, Fialko S, Klau G, Krüger M, Ziegler T, Näher S, Alberts D, Ambras D, Koch G, Jünger M, Buchheim C, Leipert S (1998) A library of algorithms for graph drawing. In: The 6th international symposium on graph drawing (GD’98), Montréal. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 1547, pp 456–457 Perego UA (2005) The power of DNA: discovering lost and hidden relationships. How DNA analysis techniques are assisting in the great search for our ancestors. In: World library and information congress: 71st IFLA general conference and council, Oslo, pp 1–19 Raitner M (2002) HGV: a library for hierarchies, graphs, and views. In: 10th international symposium on graph drawing, GD 2002, Irvine, pp 236–243 Rozenblat C, Melanon G, Amiel M, Auber D, Discazeaux C, LHostis A, Langlois P, Larribe S (2006) Worldwide multi-level networks of cities emerging from air traffic (2000). In: International geographical union IGU 2006 cities of tomorrow, Santiago de Compostela Schroeder W, Martin K, Lorensen B (2006) The visualization toolkit an object-oriented approach to 3D graphics, 4th edn. Kitware, Inc., Clifton Park Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O, Baliga NS, Wang JT, Ramage D, Amin N, Schwikowski B, Ideker T (2003) Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res 13(11):2498–2504 Shneiderman B (1996) The eyes have it: a task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations. In: VL’96: proceedings of the 1996 IEEE symposium on visual languages, Boulder, pp 336–344 Tominskia C, Abello J, Schumann H (2009) CGV – an interactive graph visualization system. Comput Graph 33(6):660–678 Wylie B, Baumes J (2009) A unified toolkit for information and scientific visualization. Vis Data Anal 7243(1):72430H. http://titan.sandia. gov/ (visited 18 Mar 2010)
OCULOSPORIDIOSIS*

RHINosPoRIDIosIs is a local inflammatory condition, taking the form of a polypoid growth composed of granulation tissue. This is due to a fungus known as Rhinosporidium seeberi (first described by Seeber), which commences its life cycle as a parasite measuring 8,u but grows by nuclear division until it reaches a size of about 200 to 300 ,u and contains over 4,000 nuclei, which form 16,000 spores. The mature parasite, now called Sporangium, presents a double-contoured chitinous envelope with a germinal spore through which the spores are discharged. Each spore subsequently develops into a separate Sporangium. This fungus occurring in the eye may give rise to oculosporidiosis, as its manifestations in the eye and its adnexa are more prevalent than that in the nose (rhinosporidiosis). Rambo (1949) described the diagnosis and treatment of rhinosporidiosis of the lacrmal sac, but my own observations regarding this infection differ from those he describes. This article is therefore designed to illustrate the protean manifestations of oculosporidiosis in the eye and its adnexa in a series of 25 patients from the hospitals in Kerala.
A composite source model for speaker and isolated word recognition

A composite source is an indexed family of random processes (subsources) together with a switch which chooses from among these processes in a stochastic fashion. Such a source has often been proposed as a model for speech and other processes having piece-wise, or quasi, stationary behavior. Until recently, however, very little has been known about such models from either a theoretical or a practical perspective. In this paper, we consider a speaker/isolated word recognition system derived from a composite source model for speech production. In particular, estimates of the underlying subsources are obtained using a modified data compression algorithm. Switch sequences are then derived from these estimates for each utterance. Finally, switch sequences are compared in the time domain (using Levenshtein's metric) and from a statistical point of view (via variation distance). Both modes of comparison are seen to be highly correlated and produce a recognition procedure with very encouraging results.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase activity is necessary for E‐cadherin‐activated Src signaling

Co‐operation between cadherin adhesion molecules and the cytoskeleton is a key aspect of tissue morphogenesis that is mediated by cortical signaling at adhesive junctions. One such signal is the non‐receptor tyrosine kinase, Src, which acts in several pathways at epithelial junctions, including E‐cadherin signaling itself. We now present two new insights into junctional Src signaling. Firstly, we report that upstream protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity is required to stimulate E‐cadherin‐activated Src signaling at junctions. Perturbing PTP activity with vanadate selectively reduced the activity of Src tyrosine kinases at junctions. Moreover, E‐cadherin homophilic ligation could not stimulate Src signaling in vanadate‐treated cells. Additionally, vanadate treatment phenocopied the effects of Src inhibition on the actin cytoskeleton, suggesting that PTP activity is required for the dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by cadherin‐activated Src signaling. Secondly, we identified a role for PTP‐activated Src signaling in supporting apical junctional tension by targeting non‐muscle myosin IIB. The linear shape of the apical junctions was lost in PTP‐ and Src‐inhibited cells, and inhibiting Src selectively affected the junctional localization of myosin IIB but not of myosin IIA. We conclude that PTP‐activated Src signaling is a possible upstream regulator of myosin IIB at the epithelial zonula adherens. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A hybrid bacteria and microparticle detection platform on a CMOS chip: Design, simulation and testing considerations

This paper presents a hybrid bacteria and microparticles detection platform based on a CMOS technology. Vertical face to face microelectrode arrays are implemented onto CMOS chips by connecting the metal and via layers together. A CMOS post-processing procedure based on Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) is used to release the microelectrodes and to construct microchannels in between. With medium flow of the fluid, Bacteria and microparticles are allowed to pass through the microchannels, where impedance variations are measured using a microelectrode pair on the wall, and then detected by electronic circuits embedded on the same chip. This microelectronic/microfluidic hybrid system targets screening individual bacterium or microparticle with high throughput and accuracy. The system architecture is presented first, followed by the detailed model, design, simulation and parameters of the prototype. The CMOS post-processing, specific packaging and testing procedures are also introduced in this paper. Finite element analysis method (FEM) and circuit simulations confirm that a single microparticle, 5 mum in diameter, can be detected by the proposed microsystem. Based on preliminary etching results, pairs of released electrodes 10 mum *2 mum *8 mum (L times W times H), also contribute to validate the feasibility of the CMOS post-processing procedure.
“PHONOLOGICAL” DYSPHASIA: A CROSS-MODAL PHONOLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT AFFECTING REPETITION, PRODUCTION, AND COMPREHENSION

Abstract In this paper we describe an aphasic patient, MS, who is impaired across a wide range of auditory input processing and spoken word production tasks. MS's performance on all these tasks shows phonological features: (1) his performance is poorest on auditory tasks with a strong phonological component, such as phoneme discrimination, auditory lexical decision, and word-picture matching featuring phono-logically related distractors; and (2) in spoken word production tasks, his errors are mainly phonemic and formal paraphasias. MS's single word repetition is particularly poor and exhibits some of the features of deep dysphasia, including lexicality effects (MS is unable to repeat nonwords) and image-ability effects. However, unlike in deep dysphasia, there are no semantic errors. We show that MS's condition, although apparently heterogeneous when viewed from a functional architecture perspective, can be described quite elegantly within an interactive-activation framework by proposing a single abnormality—a pathologically fast rate of decay within phonological representations.
Proposal of electro mechanical resonance for linear oscillatory actuator

Linear resonant actuators have been used in a wide range of applications because they utilize mechanical resonance and operate at high efficiency. However, the amplitude of LRAs severely decreases when external loads are applied. To solve this problem, we applied PID control to an LRA and the mover amplitude remained constant against an external load. When a large external load is applied with the target voltage of PID control high, however, input power reaches maximum and the amplitude does not follow the target value. As a solution, it is effective to utilize electrical resonance and generate large current. In this paper, we propose a driving theory to generate electrical resonance. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through dynamic analysis using 2D finite element method.
Saturation Modulation in Voltage Zero Sequence-Based Encoderless Techniques - Part I: Harmonic Analysis

The paper exploits the interaction between the low frequency and the high frequency fields created by signal injection techniques during sensorless estimation of the airgap flux position in induction machines. Such an interaction causes new phenomena, that can be summarized in a modulation of the machine saturation level and creation of harmonics that contain information about the position of the flux. The paper analyzes the issues related to the presence of additional fields and predicts the resulting harmonic content using three different approaches such as analytical calculations, computer simulation, and finite element analysis (FEA). Experimental measurements confirm the conclusions of the present work
Psychological Problems in Young Men with Chronic Prostatitis-like Symptoms

Objective: To take a different perspective in assessing young men with chronic prostatitis-like symptoms, this study was designed since few prospective studies are available to survey a population of young men. Material and Methods: One hundred and fifty men aged 20 years dwelling in the community were randomly selected. Chronic prostatitis-like symptoms were measured by the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index and the selfreported scores for pain and urinary symptoms were used to identify chronic prostatitis-like symptoms. The psychological methods used were the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Bem Sex Role Inventory. A total of 87 men (a response rate 58%) completed self-administered questionnaires. Results: As the scores for pain and urinary symptoms increased, those for depression increased ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively). However, the mean scores for state and trait anxiety were not different according to the scores for pain and urinary symptoms. The mean masculinity scores were not different according to the scores for pain but those were significantly different according to the scores of urinary symptoms ( p = 0.042). The mean femininity scores were not different according to the scores of pain and urinary symptoms. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that psychological factors, especially depression and weak masculine identity may be associated with an early stage of chronic prostatitis-like symptoms. Young men with chronic prostatitis-like symptoms also have psychological problems.
Facilitating Cleft Palate Team Participation of Culturally Diverse Families in South Africa

Objective The Facial Cleft Deformities Clinic, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, provides interdisciplinary team services to patients with cleft lip and palate and craniofacial anomalies. They represent the “rainbow nation” of South Africa and reflect the multicultural and multilingual nature of the population, which poses a challenge to effective and accountable service delivery. The aim of this study was to explore some cultural variations that exist in black families that influence their participation in the team approach and to describe the assets of families that may be used to empower them and to enhance service delivery. Design A descriptive survey research design. A questionnaire-by-interview procedure was utilized during routine visits of 35 black families to the Facial Cleft Deformities Clinic. Results The results are discussed from an ethnographic perspective of the family and describe the knowledge base of the participants, the diagnosis and treatment of the children's cleft lip and palate, family structure and support systems, family income and education, and the geographical distribution of the participants. Implications for building family partnerships and for improving professionals’ cultural competence in order to improve the quality of service delivery are presented. Conclusions By viewing cultural differences on a continuum, following the asset-based approach, applying knowledge based on contextually relevant research, and recognizing family uniqueness, families may be empowered to participate fully in the team approach to support their children with cleft lip and palate and craniofacial anomalies in attaining their full potential in the South African context.
The development of culturally responsive teaching in UK Higher Education Business Schools for students from an ethnically diverse background

As diversity in UK Higher Education Business Schools increases, the focus on ethnically diverse student achievement, experience, and attainment becomes prominent. This thesis investigates the role of Business School academics and Business School institutions in shaping a pedagogical process that is culturally responsive, to support the changing needs and expectations of ethnically diverse students. In order to achieve this the thesis introduces the five-pillar framework, which has been specifically designed and developed to help academics develop consistent pedagogy for ethnically diverse students. In order to investigate this in more detail, the research undertook a constructionism approach and employed the use of methodological tools including interviews, memoing and document analysis. By the end of the data collection process twenty-two rich interviews had been collected. The findings of the research where quite clear that the development of pedagogy is inconsistent across academia and training support and guidance is needed to help academics develop their skills and confidence in creating pedagogy for culturally diverse students. In addition, it was identified that many institutions could provide more support in creating policies and procedures which reflect the changing reality of ethnic diversity in UK higher education. Institutions could also do more in supporting academic staff with finding a balance between research, teaching and administration and hence allow for more time to create culturally responsive pedagogy. Finally, this research advocates the implementation of a cultural consciousness in UK higher education which moves away from culturally responsive teaching and towards culturally responsible teaching.
Adaptive backstepping control of a DC-DC converter in photovoltaic systems

This paper presents a new nonlinear control method to regulate the voltage at the output of a DC-DC converter so as to achieve the maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic (PV) system. The proposed adaptive backstepping controller of the system, based on Lyapunov functions to ensure locally stability, is applied to a buck-boost converter. A regression plane is used to initialize reference voltages and to make a modified perturb and observe method (P&O) faster, avoiding local maximum. Therefore, the maximum power extraction of the PV system is guaranteed. This system is grid-connected, thus, a DC-AC converter is connected to the buck-boost converter. The inverter supplies AC current in the point of common coupling (PCC) of the electrical network. The performance of the developed system has been analyzed by means a simulation platform in Matlab/Simulink.
Topography of the posterior arteries supplying the eye and relations to the optic nerve.

PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate the arterial blood supply of the intraorbital part of the optic nerve. METHODS The location, course, length and diameter of the central retinal artery (CRA) and posterior ciliary arteries were studied in 19 adult white male preserved cadavers of between 35 and 75 years of age. RESULTS In right eyes, the first branch of the intraorbital part of the ophthalmic artery was the CRA in 26.3% (5/19) and the CRA and medial posterior ciliary artery in 21% (4/19) of eyes. In left eyes, the first branch of the intraorbital part of the ophthalmic artery was the CRA in 47.4% (9/19) and the CRA and medial posterior ciliary artery in 26.3% (5/19) of eyes. The CRA was observed as a single branch in 57.9% and a trunk in 42.1% of right eyes, and as a single branch in 52.6% and a trunk in 47.3% of left eyes. The outer diameter of the CRA measured 0.6 +/- 0.1 mm (min-max 0.5-0.9 mm) in right eyes and 0.6 +/- 0.2 mm (min-max 0.4-0.9 mm) in left eyes. The CRA entered the optic nerve 7.5 +/- 2.2 mm (min-max 5.3-12.5 mm) behind the ocular bulb in right eyes and 7.4 +/- 2.3 mm (min-max 5.3-14.1 mm) behind it in left eyes, at its lower and medial side. The posterior ciliary arteries ran forward, divided into multiple branches and pierced the sclera close to the optic nerve medially, laterally or superiorly. The longitudinal capillaries ran between the optic nerve and the CRA antero-posteriorly, while the transverse capillaries surrounded the optic nerve. Collaterals from both the longitudinal and transverse capillaries joined to form a complicated capillary plexus. CONCLUSION This article confirms the well known variability of the arterial circulation of the intraorbital part of the optic nerve. Better understanding of the arterial anatomy of the intraorbital part of the optic nerve should enable appropriate modification of surgical techniques.
Meta-analysis of the effects of nonnutritive sucking on heart rate and peripheral oxygenation: research from the past 30 years.

A meta-analysis of the effects of nonnutritive sucking (NNS) on heart rate and transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPaO2) was performed. Four studies of NNS on heart rate without stimulations, three studies on heart rate during painful stimulations, and three studies on TcPaO2--all conducted over the past 30 years--were found through a computer search. Using the Fisher combined test, NNS significantly decreased heart rate without stimulations (p = .002) and during painful stimulations (p = .0001), and significantly increased TcPaO2 (p = .0001). The total weighted effect size for heart rate without stimulations was small (0.17); however, it was large for heart rate during painful stimulations (1.05) and TcPaO2 (0.69). Larger effects were noticed for preterm infants than for term infants and for longer NNS. More studies of NNS effects with independent treatment and control groups, using the physiological outcome variables of heart rate and oxygenation for different age groups of preterm infants, are needed to examine the fundamental mechanisms of NNS effects. Clinically, a low-risk intervention such as NNS can be more broadly used during any painful procedures to decrease infant distress.