Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypothalamic Ceramide Levels Regulated by CPT1C Mediate the Orexigenic Effect of Ghrelin

Recent data suggest that ghrelin exerts its orexigenic action through regulation of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase pathway, leading to a decline in malonyl-CoA levels and desinhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), which increases mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and ultimately enhances the expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). However, it is unclear whether the brain-specific isoform CPT1C, which is located in the endoplasmic reticulum of neurons, may play a role in this action. Here, we demonstrate that the orexigenic action of ghrelin is totally blunted in CPT1C knockout (KO) mice, despite having the canonical ghrelin signaling pathway activated. We also demonstrate that ghrelin elicits a marked upregulation of hypothalamic C18:0 ceramide levels mediated by CPT1C. Notably, central inhibition of ceramide synthesis with myriocin negated the orexigenic action of ghrelin and normalized the levels of AgRP and NPY, as well as their key transcription factors phosphorylated cAMP-response element–binding protein and forkhead box O1. Finally, central treatment with ceramide induced food intake and orexigenic neuropeptides expression in CPT1C KO mice. Overall, these data indicate that, in addition to formerly reported mechanisms, ghrelin also induces food intake through regulation of hypothalamic CPT1C and ceramide metabolism, a finding of potential importance for the understanding and treatment of obesity.
A Genomic Signature of Influenza Infection Shows Potential for Presymptomatic Detection, Guiding Early Therapy, and Monitoring Clinical Responses

Early, presymptomatic intervention with oseltamivir (corresponding to the onset of a published host-based genomic signature of influenza infection) resulted in decreased overall influenza symptoms (aggregate symptom scores of 23.5 vs 46.3), more rapid resolution of clinical disease (20 hours earlier), reduced viral shedding (total median tissue culture infectious dose [TCID50] 7.4 vs 9.7), and significantly reduced expression of several inflammatory cytokines (interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and others). The host genomic response to influenza infection is robust and may provide the means for early detection, more timely therapeutic interventions, a meaningful reduction in clinical disease, and an effective molecular means to track response to therapy.
Construction of an Indian Muntjac BAC Library and Production of the Most Highly Dense FISH Map of the Species

Following completion of the genome sequences of some mammalian species, comparative genomic studies in mammals have been actively conducted to assess gene changes or to identify syntenic conservation during evolution. The Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis) (2n=6 in the female and 7 in the male) may have evolved from an ancient deer species with a karyotype 2n=70 through extensive chromosome rearrangements creating the lowest chromosome number of a mammalian species. Therefore, the species has become a good resource for studying syntenic conservation among deer species. An Indian muntjac bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library that contains 126,336 individual BAC clones with an average insert size of 80 kilobases was obtained in this study. The frequency of clones with inserts was 88%, and thus this library corresponds to approximately 4x coverage of the Indian muntjac genome. Individual chromosomal locations of 1619 BAC clones on the Indian muntjac metaphase chromosomes were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Among these clones, 1517 BAC clones were mapped onto specific loci, and 102 BAC clones were mapped onto the centromeric region. This provides the most highly dense FISH BAC clone map for the species. This densely ordered map can be used as a blueprint for comparative FISH mapping studies of other deer species in order to investigate the mechanism of genomic rearrangement and karyotypic evolution. Moreover, centromeric BAC clones will provide an excellent resource for studying the structure and function of mammalian centromeres.
Blind correction of lens aberration using Zernike moments

The quality of the image formed by an optical system is reduced by aberrations. This paper points out and attempts to correct blind of lens aberration. To this end Zernike moments introduced for presenting lens aberration model within which their coefficients are estimated through polyspectral analysis. The model parameters are divided into asymmetric and symmetric which are estimated through bicoherence and tricoherence respectively. The obtained precision compares favorably to the aberration given by state of the art ployspectral analysis and reaches a RMSE of 0.1 pixels.
Optimal multi-regional patterns of economic development and material resource use.

Regional economic activities require materials that can be extracteddomestically or imported from other regions. Analysis of optimalpatterns ofcombined economic development and materials use should be discussedinrelation to trade and the environment. A model is presented thatoptimiseslong-term welfare of a 2-region economic system with trade in virginandrecycled materials as well as consumer goods. The only differencebetween theregions concerns the size of their domestic materials resources.Numericaloptimisation experiments show that trade of resources and goodsincreases thecarrying capacity of the regions and their levels of welfare.Furthermore,regions are shown to specialise in certain economic sectors.
A Social Network Theory of Stakeholders in China’s Project Governance

A project, especially for one in China, usually involves many organizations and each organization may have multiple projects. There is a clear social network relationship between these stakeholders in a project and the stakeholders’ behaviors are also subject to the structure of the social network. Based on an analysis of the social network, as a methodology that can be used to explain the relationships among project organizations, as well as an example of large-scale information system project in China, we construct in this article a way to establish the social network of governance structure, study network configurations and analyze some representative governance strategies adopted by stakeholders in China. By examining the network of project governance, we can predict the trend of the project governance structure and study the risk based on the structure.
Inverse association of carotenoid intakes with 4-y change in bone mineral density in elderly men and women: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study.

BACKGROUND In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that carotenoids may inhibit bone resorption and stimulate proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Few studies have examined the association between carotenoid intake (other than beta-carotene) and bone mineral density (BMD). OBJECTIVE We evaluated associations between total and individual carotenoid intake (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein+zeaxanthin) with BMD at the hip, spine, and radial shaft and the 4-y change in BMD. DESIGN Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted in 334 men and 540 women (mean +/- SD age: 75 +/- 5 y) in the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Energy-adjusted carotenoid intakes were estimated from the Willett food-frequency questionnaire. Mean BMD and mean 4-y BMD changes were estimated, for men and women separately, by quartile of carotenoid intake with adjustment for age, BMI, height, physical activity index, smoking (never compared with ever smokers), multivitamin use, season of BMD measurement (for cross-sectional analyses on BMD only), estrogen use (in women), and intakes of total energy, calcium, vitamin D, caffeine, and alcohol. RESULTS Few cross-sectional associations were observed with carotenoid intake. Associations between lycopene intake and 4-y change in lumbar spine BMD were significant for women (P for trend = 0.03), as were intakes of total carotenoids, beta-carotene, lycopene and lutein+zeaxanthin with 4-y change in trochanter BMD in men (P for trend = 0.0005, 0.02, 0.009, and 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Carotenoids showed protective associations against 4-y loss in trochanter BMD in men and in lumbar spine in women. No significant associations were observed at other bone sites. Although not consistent across all BMD sites examined, these results support a protective role of carotenoids for BMD in older men and women.
Campus Safety: Assessing and Managing Threats

Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl. edu/ppcscalora Part of the Applied Behavior Analysis Commons, Community Psychology Commons, Criminology Commons, Defense and Security Studies Commons, Emergency and Disaster Management Commons, Forensic Science and Technology Commons, Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons, Other Psychology Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance Commons, Social Psychology Commons, and the Social Psychology and Interaction Commons
MIRCC: Multipath-aware ICN Rate-based Congestion Control

Information-Centric Network (ICN) has yet to determine its approach to congestion control, including whether window-based or rate-based congestion control would be best. IP window-based schemes have been studied extensively and deployed on a grand scale. Consequently, most ICN congestion control work has concentrated on window-based approaches. Not only does rate-based congestion control have properties of interest, however, but ICN's well-known differences from IP, including receiver-driven flow control, stateful forwarding, symmetric paths, and lack of installed base may well lead to a different congestion control approach being best for ICN. This paper presents MIRCC, a rate-based, multipath-aware ICN congestion control approach inspired by but noticeably differing from RCP. We first explain our ICN-appropriate mechanisms for calculating and signaling flow rates. We then present MIRCC's algorithm for calculating per-link rates, and its convergence advantages over RCP's algorithm. Finally, we explore several approaches for making our scheme multipath-aware, finding an interesting solution to this challenging problem. To characterize MIRCC's behavior, we use simulation results throughout.
Postmortem Debugging in Dynamic Environments

Despite the best efforts of software engineers to produce high-quality software, inevitably some bugs escape even the most rigorous testing process and are first encountered by end users. When this happens, such failures must be understood quickly, the underlying bugs fixed, and deployments patched to avoid another user (or the same one) running into the same problem again. As far back as 1951, the dawn of modern computing, Stanley Gill wrote that "some attention has, therefore, been given to the problem of dealing with mistakes after the programme has been tried and found to fail. " Gill went on to describe the first use of "the post-mortem technique" in software, whereby the running program was modified to record important system state as it ran so that the programmer could later understand what happened and why the software failed.
Efficiently Trigger Data Races through Speculative Execution

Harmful data races hidden in concurrent programs are hard to be detected due to non-determinism. Many race detectors report a large number of benign data races. To detect the harmful data races automatically, previous tools dynamically execute program and actively insert delay to create real race condition, checking whether failure occurs due to the race. If so, a harmful race is detected. However, performance may be affected due to the inserted delay. We use speculative execution to alleviate this problem. Unlike previous tools that suspend one thread's memory access to wait for another thread's memory access, we continue to execute this thread's memory accesses and do not suspend this thread until it is going to execute a memory access that may change the effort of race. Therefore, real race condition will be created with less delay or even no delay. To our knowledge, this is the first technique that can trigger data races by speculative execution. The speculative execution does not affect the detection of harmful races. We have implemented a prototype tool and experimented on some real world programs. Results show that our tool can detect harmful races effectively. By speculative execution, the performance is improved significantly.
Are Russian Commercial Courts Biased? Evidence from a Natural Bankruptcy Experiment

We study the nature of judicial bias in bankruptcy proceedings following the enactment of bankruptcy law in Russia in 1998. We find that regional political characteristics affected judicial decisions about the numbers and types of bankruptcy procedures initiated after the law took effect. In particular, controlling for indicators of firms’ insolvency and the quality of the regional judiciary, reorganization procedures were significantly more frequent in regions with politically popular governors and governors who had hostile relations with the federal government. Poor judicial quality was also associated with higher incidence of reorganizations. In addition, the quality of the regional judiciary affected performance of firms in reorganization procedure: in regions with poor judicial quality firms in reorganization significantly underperformed firms not in bankruptcy; while the opposite was true in regions with high-quality judges. The effect of judicial quality on restructuring is particularly strong in regions with politically popular governors because the judicial bias in governor’s favor is the highest in poor-quality courts when governors are popular. This evidence is consistent with previously reported anecdotes, which suggested that politically strong regional governors used bankruptcy proceedings to protect firms from paying federal taxes.
Industry Canada Centre for Information Technology Innovation ( CITI ) TransSearch : A Bilingual Concordance Tool

TransSearch is a system for building and exploiting a translation memory, i.e. a textual database consisting of pairs of documents that are mutual translations. Each such pair of documents, when inserted into the database, is submitted to an alignment process, which makes explicit the relations that exist between the sentences of the two texts. A user may then search for ready-made solutions to specific translation problems, using a graphical query language.
Forgiveness Makes Sense: Forgiving Others Enhances the Salutary Associations of Meaning-Making With Traumatic Stress Symptoms

Armenia is a small country in the Southern Caucasus region—independent since the fall of the Soviet regime—that is unsettled economically and politically. Research in developing societies like Armenia is limited, especially regarding how people endure adverse living conditions. The present study is the first known examination of the separate and interactive effects of meaning-making and forgiveness as they relate to traumatic stress symptomology in Armenia. Data were collected from 115 Armenian adults. Measures included traumatic stress symptoms, meaning in life, and forgiveness. Greater meaning in one’s life was associated with fewer traumatic stress symptoms. The association was significantly stronger for those with higher as compared to lower forgiveness of others. Forgiving others may offer a means of facilitating meaning making as a buffer against traumatic stress symptoms in the midst of difficult social and economic living conditions.
Enhanced cooperative access class barring and traffic adaptive radio resource management for M2M communications over LTE-A

We propose enhanced cooperative access class barring (ECACB) and traffic adaptive radio resource management (TARRM) for M2M communications over LTE-A. We use the number of Machine-Type Communication (MTC) devices that attach to an eNB, which is the base station of LTE-A, as a criterion to determine the probability that an MTC device may access the eNB. In this way, we can have a better set of access class barring parameters than CACB, which is the best available related work, so as to reduce random access delay experienced by an MTC device or user equipment (UE). After an MTC device successfully accesses an eNB, the eNB allocates radio resources for the MTC device based on the random access rate of the MTC device and the amount of data uploaded or downloaded by the MTC device. In addition, we use the concept from cognitive radio networks that when there are unused physical resource blocks (PRBs) of UEs, the eNB can schedule MTC devices to use these PRBs to enhance network throughput. Simulation results show that the proposed ECACB's average (worst) access delay of UEs is 33.19% (29.89%) lower than CACB's. Its average (worst) access delay of MTC devices is 12.15% (15.1%) lower than that of CACB. Its average (worst) throughput from UEs is 20.93% (26.44%) higher than that of CACB. Its average (worst) throughput from MTC devices is 19.95% (12.25%) higher than that of CACB. The proposed ECACB+TARRM's average (worst) throughput from UEs is 26.16% (31.42%) higher than CACB's. Its average (worst) throughput from MTC devices is 25.11% (20.76%) higher than that of CACB. To the best of our knowledge, no existing approach integrates access class barring with radio resource management for M2M communications over LTE-A.
A Fast and Robust Algorithm of Detection and Segmentation for Moving Object

Detecting and segmenting moving object is an important subject in computer visual analysis. Firstly, the algorithms of detecting moving target from static background in video sequences are discussed in this paper. Secondly, as the inter-frame subtraction can’t detect moving object accurately and mixture Gaussian models can’t solve the problems such as ghost¿shadow and real-time application, a new method based on edge-characteristic and inter-frame difference is proposed. In this method the target foreground object can be segregated completely by filling the edge map. Finally, combined with mathematical morphology and connectivity analyzing, noise can be reduced and gaps can be smoothed out. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can get exact moving object quickly from complex background and eliminate disturbing of background and the illumination changes efficiently, with operating time reducing dramatically.
How risky is Internet gambling? A comparison of subgroups of Internet gamblers based on problem gambling status

Internet gambling offers unique features that may facilitate the development or exacerbation of gambling disorders. Higher rates of disordered gambling have been found amongst Internet than with land-based gamblers; however little research has explored whether Internet disordered gamblers are a distinct subgroup. The current study compared problem with non-problem and at-risk Internet gamblers to understand further why some Internet gamblers experience gambling-related harms, using an online survey with a sample of 2799 Australian Internet gamblers. Problem gambling respondents were younger, less educated, had higher household debt, lost more money and gambled on a greater number of activities, and were more likely to use drugs while gambling than non-problem and at-risk gamblers. Problem gamblers had more irrational beliefs about gambling, were more likely to believe the harms of gambling to outweigh the benefits, that gambling is morally wrong and that all types of gambling should be illegal. For problem gamblers, Internet gambling poses unique problems related to electronic payment and constant availability, leading to disrupted sleeping and eating patterns. However, a significant proportion of Internet problem gambling respondents also had problems related to terrestrial gambling, highlighting the importance of considering overall gambling involvement when examining subgroups of gamblers. It is argued that policy makers should consider carefully how features of Internet gambling contribute to gambling disorders requiring the implementation of evidence-based responsible gambling strategies.
Overexpression of Mitochondrial Phosphate Transporter 3 Severely Hampers Plant Development through Regulating Mitochondrial Function in Arabidopsis

Mitochondria are abundant and important organelles present in nearly all eukaryotic cells, which maintain metabolic communication with the cytosol through mitochondrial carriers. The mitochondrial membrane localized phosphate transporter (MPT) plays vital roles in diverse development and signaling processes, especially the ATP biosynthesis. Among the three MPT genes in Arabidopsis genome, AtMPT3 was proven to be a major member, and its overexpression gave rise to multiple developmental defects including curly leaves with deep color, dwarfed stature, and reduced fertility. Transcript profiles revealed that genes involved in plant metabolism, cellular redox homeostasis, alternative respiration pathway, and leaf and flower development were obviously altered in AtMPT3 overexpression (OEMPT3) plants. Moreover, OEMPT3 plants also accumulated higher ATP content, faster respiration rate and more reactive oxygen species (ROS) than wild type plants. Overall, our studies showed that AtMPT3 was indispensable for Arabidopsis normal growth and development, and provided new sights to investigate its possible regulation mechanisms.
Least square optimization of pilot sequence length for massive MIMO systems

Pilot sequence length is a crucial parameter that has a significant impact on massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. In a massive MIMO radio cell, the base station (BS) estimates the channel from mutually orthogonal uplink pilot sequences to configure a receiver for the uplink and (assuming reciprocity) a precoder for the forward link. Reuse of pilot sequences in adjacent cells results in pilot contamination in massive MIMO systems. Having long pilot sequences would reduce pilot contamination at the expense of spectral efficiency and throughput while too short pilot sequence would affect the orthogonality and channel estimation. In this paper, we propose to optimize the pilot sequence length by applying the least square technique on the uplink channel using total pilot power as the constraint. Numerical results show the feasibility of this approach.
So Kin Ming Time-Critical On-Demand Broadcast : Algorithms , Analysis , and Performance Evaluation

On-demand broadcast is an effective data dissemination technique to enhance system scalability and deal with dynamic user profiles. In many situations, there is a need for servers to support timely data dissemination. This paper studies online scheduling algorithms for time-critical on-demand broadcast. We propose a novel scheduling algorithm called SIN-α that incorporates the urgency and the number of pending requests. An efficient implementation of SIN-α is presented. Moreover, we analyze the optimal broadcast schedule in terms of request drop rate when the request arrival rate rises towards infinity. Trace-driven experiments demonstrate that SIN-α significantly outperforms existing algorithms over a wide range of workloads. The results also show that the performance of SIN-α approaches the analytical optimum when the request rate is high.