Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
- 2-An Exploratory Look at In-Store Supermarket Shopping Paths

We present analyses of an extraordinary new dataset that reveals the path taken by individual shoppers in an actual grocery store, as provided by RFID (radio frequency identification) tags located on their shopping carts. The analysis is performed using a multivariate clustering algorithm not yet seen in the marketing literature that is able to handle data sets with unique (and numerous) spatial constraints. This allows us to take into account physical impediments (such as the location of aisles and other inaccessible areas of the store) to ensure that we only deal with feasible paths. We also recognize that time spent in the store plays an important role, leading to different cluster configurations for short, medium, and long trips. The resulting three sets of clusters identify a total of 14 “canonical path types” that are typical of grocery store travel, and we carefully describe (and cross-validate) each set of clusters. These results dispel certain myths about shopper travel behavior that common intuition perpetuates, including behavior related to aisles, end-cap displays, and the “racetrack. ” We briefly relate these results to previous research (using much more limited datasets) covering travel behavior in retail stores and other related settings.
Type Analysis and Data Structure Selection

Schwartz et al. described an optimization to implement built-in abstract types such as sets and maps with ecient data structures. Their transformation rests on the discovery of nite universal sets, called bases, to be used for avoiding data replication and for creating aggregate data structures that implement associative access by simpler cursor or pointer access. The SETL implementation used global analysis similar to classical dataow for typings and for set inclusion and membership relationships to determine bases. However, the optimized data structures selected by this optmization did not include a primitive linked list or array, and all optimized data structures retained some degree of hashing. Hence, this heuristic approach only resulted in an expected improvement in performance over default implementations. The analysis was complicated by SETL’s imperative style, weak typing, and low level control structures. The implemented optimizer was large (about 20,000 lines of SETL source code) and only partially operational.
Solving Energy-Aware Real-Time Tasks Scheduling Problem with Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm on Heterogeneous Platforms

Reducing energy consumption is becoming very important in order to keep battery life and lower overall operational costs for heterogeneous real-time multiprocessor systems. In this paper, we first formulate this as a combinatorial optimization problem. Then, a successful meta-heuristic, called Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) is proposed to reduce the energy consumption. Precocity remission and local optimal avoidance techniques are proposed to avoid the precocity and improve the solution quality. Convergence acceleration significantly reduces the search time. Experimental results show that the SFLA-based energy-aware meta-heuristic uses 30% less energy than the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm, and 60% less energy than the Genetic Algorithm (GA) algorithm. Remarkably, the running time of the SFLA-based meta-heuristic is 20 and 200 times less than ACO and GA, respectively, for finding the optimal solution.
Relationship between Organizational Strategy and Leadership Style in Performance Efficiency

The strategy of an organization reflects the probable ways to achieve the objectives of the organization. Successful organization is the result of effective implementation of organizational strategy and leadership. The study has examined the relationship between organizational strategy and leadership to achieve performance effectiveness and objectives of the organization. In this paper, extensive studies are conducted on different peer reviewed journals which is based on leadership and organizational strategy with performance. The findings of different authors are taken into consideration to show the cause effect relationship between organizational strategy and performance. This study establishes different proposition and validated those proposition with the analysis of different findings of different authors.
Two-dimensional entropy segmentation of fabric printing pattern based on TENT mapping Pso

TENT mapping PSO has been proposed with analysis of PSO's fundamental principles and performance, in combination with TENT mapping chaos optimization method's high optimization efficiency. The algorithm is applied in the two-dimensional entropy image segmentation, enhancing the search speed of the best threshold in the two-dimensional histogram space. Two-dimensional entropy segmentation based on TENT mapping PSO is applied in Segmentation of fabric printing pattern, and the speed of which is fast, and Accuracy of which is high. Two fabric printing pattern are segmented with this algorithm, the experimental result indicated that the algorithm is effective. The continuous edge and clear contour are kept in the pattern image segmented by this method
Energy Efficient Intra-Task Dynamic Voltage Scaling for Realistic CPUs of Mobile Devices

It is not energy efficient to run a CPU at full speed all the time for all kinds of tasks in mobile devices. This paper proposes two energy efficient intra-task dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) algorithms for CPUs. There are three main contributions in this paper. Firstly, unlike the tedious derivation in PACE [2], we have derived the same optimal speed schedule with minimal energy consumption in a discrete and elegant way by using the Lagrange multiplier procedure. Secondly, the CPU model assumed in PACE is ideal, meaning that such a CPU supports all possible frequencies/voltage levels. We call such CPUs as ideal CPUs. In reality, CPUs only support a limited set of frequency/voltage levels, and we call this kind of CPUs as realistic CPUs. Thirdly, since energy consumption is not a simple function of frequency, it is more reasonable to transform the original nonlinear programming problem to the Multiple-Choice Knapsack Problem (MCKP). Since the problem can be described by a multistage graph, we used dynamic programming to derive an Optimal Schedule for Realistic CPUs (OSRC) with minimal energy consumption for realistic CPUs by using actual power consumption specifications of realistic CPUs. Considering potential computation and transition overheads, we have also proposed a low overhead OSRC (LO-OSRC), which restricts the change of CPU frequency/voltage to only once in the speed schedule. By using actual data from the power consumption specifications of two classical CPUs for evaluation, experimental results have shown that the energy saving of the proposed OSRC (LO-OSRC) is up to 10.3% (9.4%) better than that of PACE for realistic CPUs.
Reelin and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5-Dependent Signals Cooperate in Regulating Neuronal Migration and Synaptic Transmission

Neuronal migration and positioning in the developing brain require the coordinated interaction of multiple cellular signaling pathways. The extracellular signaling molecule Reelin and the cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinase Cdk5 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5) are both required for normal neuronal positioning, lamination of the neocortex, and foliation of the cerebellum. They also modulate synaptic transmission in the adult brain. It is not known, however, to what extent Cdk5 participates in Reelin signaling and whether both pathways interact on the genetic or biochemical level. We have used genetically altered mice to generate compound functional defects of Reelin and Cdk5 signaling. Differential neurohistochemical staging combined with the biochemical analysis of Reelin- and Cdk5-dependent signaling in primary embryonic neurons and electrophysiology in hippocampal slices reveals evidence for genetic and functional interaction between both pathways. Inhibition of Reelin or Cdk5 signaling had no discernible biochemical effect on each other. Taken together, these findings suggest that both pathways function together in a parallel, rather than a simple, linear manner to coordinate neuronal migration and neurotransmission in the developing and mature brain.
Align – A Software Tool For Mass Spectra Preprocessing

An important issue in analyzing mass spectra is to extract as much information as possible from a limited number of samples, which consist usually unknown amount of error, so appropriate use of bioinformatics tools becomes very critical. Here we present a graphical tool created in a Matlab 7.7 environment. It is a fully equipped application called Align, which is ready for preprocessing of different types of mass spectra. It gives an opportunity to correct a baseline, remove the noise from the data, normalize all samples and align the spectra. User can watch a heatmap, all spectra together or a mean spectrum in every phase of preprocessing. There is also a possibility to check the differences of intensities of individual spectra between the reference spectrum. Final result of the mass spectra preprocessing are peaks found in the mean spectrum. Some of the alignment algorithms were given from the authors, some were written based on available documentation. Functions from Bioinformatics toolbox were used for a baseline correction and smoothing.
The Impacts of Threat and Emotions on Indigenous Mobilization: an investigation of assumptions in social movement theory

After its abandonment in the 1980s, threat has re-emerged as an area of theoretical importance in understanding social movement mobilization (Jasper 1998). This case study examines the role of threat in mobilizing members of a movement to empower the Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation (a small tribal community in NC). The study explores threats and the emotions that make them up, while also investigating the relevance of other prominent assumptions embedded in mobilization theories. The study employed mixed methodologies including focus groups, individual interviews, and participant observation. Findings supported the idea that threats may be partially responsible for creating mobilization, but also suggest that prominent threats faced by this community complicate the ways in which threat is understood. The findings also shed light on limitations of the prominent Weber-Michels model for movement growth/decline, and highlight potential areas of interest for future research with Indigenous communities. INDEX WORDS: Social movements, Threat, Mobilization, Collective action, Activism, Indigenous, American Indian, Formalization, Collective Identity THE IMPACTS OF THREAT AND EMOTIONS ON INDIGENOUS MOBILIZATION: AN INVESTIGATION OF ASSUMPTIONS IN SOCIAL MOVEMENT THEORY
Student evaluations of teaching: the impact of faculty procedures on response rates

Abstract In the last 10–15 years, many institutions of higher education have switched from paper-and-pencil methods to online methods of administering student evaluations of teaching (SETs). One consequence has been a significant reduction in the response rates to such instruments. The current study was conducted to identify whether offering in-class time to students to complete online SETs would increase response rates. A quasi-experiment (nonequivalent group design) was conducted in which one group of tenured faculty instructed students to bring electronic devices with internet capabilities on a specified day and offered in-class time to students to complete online SETs. A communication protocol for faculty members’ use was developed and implemented. A comparison group of tenured faculty who did not offer in-class time for SET completion was identified and the difference-in-differences method was used to compare the previous year’s response rates for the same instructor teaching the same course across the two groups. Response rates were substantially higher when faculty provided in-class time to students to complete SETs. These results indicate that high response rates can be obtained for online SETs submitted by students in face-to-face classes if faculty communicate the importance of SETs in both their words and actions.
Volunteer Motivation and Reward Preference: An Empirical Study of Volunteerism in a Large, Not-for-Profit Organization

Dear readers, when you are hunting the new book collection to read this day, volunteer motivation and reward preference an empirical study of volunteerism in a large not for pro can be your referred book. Yeah, even many books are offered, this book can steal the reader heart so much. The content and theme of this book really will touch your heart. You can find more and more experience and knowledge how the life is undergone.
Plasticity in Sensory{motor Coordination

This paper explores a novel challenge for dynamic recurrent networks; an environment where plasticity in sensory{motor coordination is required. The paper provides a brief review of some previous work looking at plasticity in sensory{ motor coordination for networks with explicit learning algorithms, and describes existing work in the eld of adaptive behaviour where dynamic neural networks are utilised. Experimental work is described in which a simulated robot is evolved tòtrack' and approach a light source despite having previously unencoun-tered mappings applied to its motor outputs, relying only on the inherent dynamics of the network controller, without the use of architectural adaptations such as weight changes. Preliminary analysis of this network controller is presented.
The Type IIs Restriction Endonuclease BspMI Is a Tetramer That Acts Concertedly at Two Copies of an Asymmetric DNA Sequence*

Type IIs endonucleases recognize asymmetric DNA sequences and cleave both strands at fixed positions downstream of the sequence. Many type IIs enzymes, including BspMI, cleave substrates with two sites more rapidly than those with one site. They usually act sequentially on DNA with two sites, but BspMI converted such a substrate directly to the final products cut at both sites. The BspMI endonuclease was found to be a tetramer, in contrast to the monomeric structures for many type IIs enzymes. No change in subunit association occurred during the BspMI reaction. Plasmids with two BspMI sites were cleavedin cis, in reactions spanning sites in the same DNA, even when the sites were separated by just 38 bp. Plasmids with oneBspMI site were cleaved in trans, with the enzyme bridging sites in separate DNA molecules: these slow reactions could be accelerated by adding a second DNA with the recognition sequence. Thus, whereas many type IIs enzymes dimerize before cleaving DNA, a process facilitated by two recognition sites in cis, the BspMI tetramer binds two copies of its recognition sequence before cleaving the DNA in both strands at both sites.
DESIGN OF A DELAY-LOCKED LOOP WITH A DAC-CONTROLLED ANALOG DELAY LINE A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science with a Major in Electrical Engineering

Analog Delay Line, " has been reviewed in final form. Permission, as indicated by the signatures and dates given below, is now granted to submit final copies to the College of Graduate Studies for approval. ABSTRACT High-speed synchronous interface circuits require that the controlling clock signals be accurately aligned. A dynamic de-skew circuit can be used to ensure good clock alignment across variations in process, voltage, and temperature variations (PVT). The delay-locked loop (DLL) is such a circuit, using a first-order closed-loop architecture that dynamically aligns its output clock signal with a reference clock signal. Two basic types of DLL architectures are currently used: analog and digital. The analog DLL uses a continuously variable delay line to remove the skew between the output clock and the reference clock. A digital delay line uses digital elements, making the design more simple and portable, but with quantized steps in the delay time. Typical DLL architectures are explained, as well as the factors that introduce error in the accuracy of synchronized output. The design of a DLL that uses a differential, analog delay line is presented. A segmented, current-steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is designed. This DAC controls the delay line in increments of the DAC resolution. A synchronous up/down counter is used to control the DAC inputs. An arbiter is developed for phase detection. The DLL initialization control circuitry is explained, and final performance characteristics across PVT corners are presented.
The Loss of Gnai2 and Gnai3 in B Cells Eliminates B Lymphocyte Compartments and Leads to a Hyper-IgM Like Syndrome

B lymphocytes are compartmentalized within lymphoid organs. The organization of these compartments depends upon signaling initiated by G-protein linked chemoattractant receptors. To address the importance of the G-proteins Gαi2 and Gαi3 in chemoattractant signaling we created mice lacking both proteins in their B lymphocytes. While bone marrow B cell development and egress is grossly intact; mucosal sites, splenic marginal zones, and lymph nodes essentially lack B cells. There is a partial block in splenic follicular B cell development and a 50-60% reduction in splenic B cells, yet normal numbers of splenic T cells. The absence of Gαi2 and Gαi3 in B cells profoundly disturbs the architecture of lymphoid organs with loss of B cell compartments in the spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and gastrointestinal tract. This results in a severe disruption of B cell function and a hyper-IgM like syndrome. Beyond the pro-B cell stage, B cells are refractory to chemokine stimulation, and splenic B cells are poorly responsive to antigen receptor engagement. Gαi2 and Gαi3 are therefore critical for B cell chemoattractant receptor signaling and for normal B cell function. These mice provide a worst case scenario of the consequences of losing chemoattractant receptor signaling in B cells.
Associative and Categorical Relations in the Associative Memory Illusion

What kinds of associations underlie the associative memory illusion? In Experiment 1, lists composed of horizontal, or coordinate, free associates elicited false recognition of critical lures much more often than did lists composed of vertical, or subordinate, category instances. Experiment 2 replicated this result, and showed that the difference between free associates and category instances was not an artifact of differential levels of forward or backward associative strength. Associative structure plays an important role in the associative memory illusion: The illusion is strongest when the critical lure lies at the same level of categorization as the studied items.
SENSE: Sensitivity encoding for fast MRI

New theoretical and practical concepts are presented for considerably enhancing the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by means of arrays of multiple receiver coils. Sensitivity encoding (SENSE) is based on the fact that receiver sensitivity generally has an encoding effect complementary to Fourier preparation by linear field gradients. Thus, by using multiple receiver coils in parallel scan time in Fourier imaging can be considerably reduced. The problem of image reconstruction from sensitivity encoded data is formulated in a general fashion and solved for arbitrary coil configurations and k‐space sampling patterns. Special attention is given to the currently most practical case, namely, sampling a common Cartesian grid with reduced density. For this case the feasibility of the proposed methods was verified both in vitro and in vivo. Scan time was reduced to one‐half using a two‐coil array in brain imaging. With an array of five coils double‐oblique heart images were obtained in one‐third of conventional scan time. Magn Reson Med 42:952–962, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Importance of Heat-Sink Modeling for DTM and a Correction to "Predictive DTM for Multimedia Applications"

It is anticipated that in the future, increasing power densities and resultant temperatures will often be the dominan t limit to processor performance and a significant component of cost. Dynamic thermal management (DTM) techniques address this issue by allowing the thermal solution to be designed for a temperature less than the peak. Evaluating DTM and other processor thermal properties requires reliable tools for processor thermal modeling. In particular , the processor heat-sink model plays a crucial role, but much prior work in DTM, including our own, is based on simplistic assumptions of heat-sink behavior. Using more realisti c heat sink simulation, this paper corrects our previous work and underscores the need for more accurate heat sink simulation for future thermal work. Specifically, we re-examine the DTM results in our paper, ”Predictive Dynamic Thermal Management for Multimedia Applications” [12]. We show that although the predictive DTM algorithms discussed in that paper are still effective, incorrect heat sink simulation resulted in erroneous concl usions on the effectiveness of global vs. local response mech anisms. We also describe how for reactive DTM algorithms (which constitute all of the prior DTM work), heat sink simulation is more complex than previously discussed.
Farm-level production effects related to the adoption of genetically modified cotton for pest management

Herbicide-tolerant and Bt cotton varieties may offer farmers many benefits, including decreased pesticide use, increased yields, and greater planting flexibility. Farmer benefits appear to outweigh costs, translating into rapid adoption of these cotton varieties. USDA survey data was used to estimate the effect of GM cotton on crop yields, profits, and pesticide applications.
Analysis of video sequences: table of content and index creation

This paper deals with the representation of video sequences useful for tasks such as long-term analysis, indexing or browsing. A Table Of Content and index creation algorithm is presented, as well as additional tools involved in their creation. The proposed method does not assume any a priori knowledge about the content or the structure of the video. It is therefore a generic technique. Some examples are presented in order to assess the performance of the algorithm
Evidence of Multifractality from Emerging European Stock Markets

We test for the presence of multifractality in the daily returns of the three most important stock market indices from Central and Eastern Europe, Czech PX, Hungarian BUX and Polish WIG using the Empirical Mode Decomposition based Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis. We found that the global Hurst coefficient varies with the q coefficient and that there is multifractality evidenced through the multifractal spectrum. The exercise is replicated for the sample around the high volatility period corresponding to the last global financial crisis. Although no direct link has been found between the crisis and the multifractal spectrum, the crisis was found to influence the overall shape as quantified through the norm of the multifractal spectrum.
Proteoglycans in cancer biology, tumour microenvironment and angiogenesis

• Introduction • Perlecan: a pro‐angiogenic proteoglycan • Endorepellin, a C‐terminal fragment of perlecan with anti‐angiogenic activity • Syndecans in cancer biology • Glypicans and the control of cancer growth • Role of heparanase and proteoglycan remodelling in cancer • Decorin and growth control • Genetic evidence for a role for decorin in carcinogenesis • Mechanism of decorin action: suppression of β‐catenin and Myc levels • Lumican in cancer biology • Conclusions and perspectives