Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treating complex traumatic stress disorders: An evidence-based guide.

Herman, Foreword. Courtois, Ford, Introduction. Part I: Overview. Ford, Courtois, Defining and Understanding Complex Trauma and Complex Traumatic Stress Disorders. Ford, Neurobiological and Developmental Research: Clinical Implications. Ford, Cloitre, Best Practices in Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents. Courtois, Ford, Cloitre, Best Practices in Psychotherapy for Adults. Briere, Spinazzola, Assessment of the Sequelae of Complex Trauma: Evidence-based Measures. Brown, Attachment and Abuse History, and Adult Attachment Style. Steele, van der Hart, Treating Dissociation. Brown, Cultural Competence. Kinsler, Courtois, Frankel, Therapeutic Alliance and Risk Management. Pearlman, Caringi, Living and Working Self-reflectively to Address Vicarious Trauma. Part II: Individual Treatment Approaches and Strategies. Gold, Contextual Therapy. Jackson, Nissenson, Cloitre, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Follette, Iverson, Ford, Contextual Behavior Trauma Therapy. Fosha, Paivio, Gleiser, Ford, Experiential and Emotion-focused Therapy. Fisher, Ogden, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy. Opler, Grennan, Ford, Pharmacotherapy. Part III: Systemic Treatment Approaches and Strategies. R. C. Schwartz, M. F. Schwartz, Galperin, Internal Family Systems Therapy. Johnson, Courtois, Couple Therapy. Ford, Saltzman, Family Systems Therapy. Ford, Fallot, Harris, Group Therapy. Ford, Courtois, Conclusion: The Clinical Utility of a Complex Traumatic Stress Disorders Framework. van der Kolk, Afterword.
Effectiveness of School Strategic Planning: The Case of Fijian Schools

In Fiji, notable among the recent spate of educational reforms has been the Ministry of Education’s (MoEs) requirement that all schools undertake a process of school strategic planning. This preliminary study explores perceptions of a sample of Fijian teachers on the way this exercise has been conducted in their schools. The analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data indicates that school leaders’ lack of knowledge and skills in school strategic planning is a major limitation. As an unsurprising consequence, the process(es) schools adopted did not conform to what the literature suggests as best planning practices. School leaders need more training to ensure they are better prepared to carry out this strategic planning effectively, especially in widening the opportunities for all who have a stake in education to contribute to the process. Implications of the findings are likely to be pertinent to other developing contexts within and beyond the Pacific region for the training of school leaders to ensure they are better equipped to orchestrate and benefit from educational reforms thrust upon them.
Let's Make Peace! A Cross-Cultural Analysis of the Effects of Serial Arguing Behaviors in Romantic Relationships: The Case of Malagasy Romantic Partners

This study extends the Western research on serial arguing by replicating that research with a non-American sample: the Malagasy people. Two hundred and twenty-four people were recruited from Madagascar, and from among members of the Malagasy diasporas in France, Québec, and the United States. Consistent with research conducted in the U.S. culture, demand/withdraw conflict behavior was a better predictor of relational outcomes than attempts at reconciliation or the frequency of serial arguing. The study highlighted within-cultural differences. The frequency of serial arguing was positively correlated with vertical individualism and vertical collectivism but negatively correlated with horizontal individualism.
An In-Depth Survey of the Screening and Assessment Practices of Highly Regarded Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Programs

Aims: To examine the quality of screening and assessment practices at some of the most highly regarded adolescent substance use treatment programs in the United States. Methods: Between March and September 2005, telephone surveys were administered to directors of highly regarded programs. Several different publications and databases were then used to measure the quality of the screening and assessment instruments described by programs. Results: For the 120 programs responding, 77 distinctly named instruments developed by outside sources were used at some point in the screening and assessment process, and the majority of programs also used instruments developed in-house. Fewer than half of these instruments were mentioned in the Substance Use Screening & Assessment Instruments Database. We were able to confirm that 87% of the instruments developed by others have a published manual, and 74% have been described in an article appearing in a peer-reviewed publication. Sixty-two percent were designed to be used with adolescents or adults and adolescents, while 19% were designed for adults only. Conclusion: Although adolescent substance abuse treatment programs recognized the importance of screening and assessment, the quality of such practices varied significantly. A large number of different tools were used by some of the most highly regarded programs in the country, and many used questionnaires developed in-house that may not have had high standards of reliability and validity. Furthermore, numerous programs were using assessment instruments that were not uniquely designed for adolescents. Encouraging the adoption of standardized assessment practices would help those involved in treatment to evaluate programs and to understand the assessment process.
Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection Using Hybrid Learning Approach of Combining k-Medoids Clustering and Naïve Bayes Classification

The role of Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has been inevitable in the area of Information and Network Security - specially for building a good network defense infrastructure. Anomaly based intrusion detection technique is one of the building blocks of such a foundation. In this paper, the attempt has been made to apply hybrid learning approach by combining k-Medoids based clustering technique followed by Naïve Bayes classification technique. Because of the fact that k-Medoids clustering techniques represent the real world scenario of data distribution, the proposed enhanced approach will group the whole data into corresponding clusters more accurately than kMeans such that it results in a better classification. An experiment is carried out in order to evaluate performance, accuracy, detection rate and false positive rate of the classification scheme. Results and analyses show that the proposed approach has enhanced.
Presentation and Explanation of a Motivational Model Based on Spirituality of Personnel: A Study of University of Tehran

Motivation at work can be described as a group of internal and external forces which determine start, form, direction, intensity and duration of a work behavior. Also motivation at work is the consequence of intertwining personal characteristics, work nature and the properties of work environment. The present work is a relatively comprehensive model in personnel’s motivation which considers different biological, social, psychological and spiritual aspects of a person in an organization and has been designed and explained as ‘a motivational model based on personnel’s spirituality’. This model consists of four aspects of super-personal, intrapersonal, interpersonal and extra-personal together with their markers which lead to spirituality. Also the four mentioned relations bring about meaningful work, purposeful work, self-actualization at work and integration into everything at work and natural environments. Finally each of them will affect personnel’s motivation at work. According to the research carried out on staff of University of Tehran, in order to test research theories, using path analysis and factor analysis methods, the staff believed that interpersonal and extra-personal relations affected their motivation at work. However, in their views there was not any relationship between super-personal and intrapersonal relations and their motivation at work.
Achievable sum rate analysis of relay aided overlay device to device communication among multiple devices

In this paper, we consider device to device (D2D) communication overlaying cellular network where a group of D2D users exchange messages among themselves. We investigate the case when the channel conditions of the direct links among these D2D users are not strong enough to support direct communication and hence, an intermediate relay node assists the communication among the D2D users. Here we consider capacity achieving lattice codes at the D2D users along with compute-and-forward protocol at the relay. Based on these, we derive the received signal to noise ratio (SNR) at the relay, as well as the D2D users and formulate upper bounds on the achievable sum rate. We also investigate the achievable sum rate when the devices communicate using the direct links and compare with that of the relay aided D2D communication. We find that when the D2D users are closer to the relay, relay aided communication achieves better performance compared to direct communication. However, for the same distances, the sum rate degrades more for relay aided communication. It is also shown that when the links between most of the D2D users and the relay have good channel conditions compared to the direct links, relay aided communication can achieve better sum rate performance than the direct communication.
Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies in Whole Blood Spots: A Minimally Invasive Method for Assessing an Aspect of Cell-Mediated Immunity

Objective Study 1: Introduce and validate a method for measuring EBV p18-VCA antibodies in whole blood spots to provide a minimally invasive marker of cell-mediated immune function. Study 2: Apply this method to a large community-based study of psychopathology in children and adolescents. Methods The EBV antibody method was evaluated through analysis of precision, reliability, stability, and comparisons with plasma and indirect immunofluorescence methods. The effects of life events on p18-VCA antibody level were considered in a subsample of 9, 11, and 13 year-old children participating in the Great Smoky Mountains Study in North Carolina. The subsample was stratified by age, sex, and degree of overall life strain. Results Dried blood spots provided a convenient, sensitive, precise, and reliable method for measuring EBV p18-VCA antibody titer. Life events were positively associated with p18-VCA antibodies in girls but not in boys. Conclusions The validity of the blood spot EBV p18-VCA antibody assay, as well as the ease of sample collection, storage, and transportation, may provide an opportunity for psychoneuroimmunology to explore a wider range of stress models in larger, community-based studies.
Chronic Phencyclidine Increases Synapsin-1 and Synaptic Adaptation Proteins in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Phencyclidine (PCP) mimics many aspects of schizophrenia, yet the underlying mechanism of neurochemical adaptation for PCP is unknown. We therefore used proteomics to study changes in the medial prefrontal cortex in animals with PCP-induced behavioural deficits. Male Wistar rats were injected with saline or 5 mg/kg phencyclidine for 5 days followed by two days of washout. Spontaneous alternation behaviour was tested in a Y-maze and then proteins were extracted from the medial prefrontal cortex. 2D-DIGE analysis followed by spot picking and protein identification with mass spectrometry then provided a list of differentially expressed proteins. Treatment with 5 mg/kg phencyclidine decreased the percentage of correct alternations in the Y-maze compared to saline-treated controls. Proteomics analysis of the medial prefrontal cortex found upregulation of 6 proteins (synapsin-1, Dpysl3, Aco2, Fscn1, Tuba1c, and Mapk1) and downregulation of 11 (Bin1, Dpysl2, Sugt1, ApoE, Psme1, ERp29, Pgam1, Uchl1, Ndufv2, Pcmt1, and Vdac1). A trend to upregulation was observed for Gnb4 and Capza2, while downregulation trends were noted for alpha-enolase and Fh. Many of the hits in this study concur with recent postmortem data from schizophrenic patients and this further validates the use of phencyclidine in preclinical translational research.
College Environmental Influences on Students' Educational Aspirations.

dence pertaining to the outcomes of higher education, Bowen [12] concludes that educational attainment is positively associated with a range of important individual and societal benefits (e.g., cognitive learning, economic productivity, public service). Similar conclusions have been drawn by Blau and Duncan [11]. Not surprisingly, then, the factors influencing educational attainment, or educational aspirations, have been the focus of a rather large body of research. The majority of this research has focused on the educational aspirations of secondary school students [e.g., 13, 20, 22, 24, 27, 31]. Somewhat less attention has been paid to identifying the factors influencing the educational aspirations of college students. Within the second area of inquiry, the major focus has been on identifying those structural and environmental characteristics of colleges and universities that foster students' aspirations to seek advanced academic training. The earliest investigations by Thistlethwaite [28, 29] of high-ability students suggested a number of different college environmental dimensions (e.g., curricular flexibility, informality and warmth of student-faculty contact, challenging courses) that were associated with aspirations to obtain doctoral degrees. Reanalysis of this data by Astin [2, 3], however, indicated the possibility that a considerable number of these associations were coincidences from uncontrolled differences in students' input characteristics. Several additional studies [5, 4, 30] based largely on samples of talented undergraduate students have, in fact, suggested differential institutional influences on student
A Structural Equation Model of Religious Activities on Biopsychosocial Outcomes in Adults with HIV

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between age, years diagnosed with HIV (chronicity), and educational status on religious activities and to examine their role in predicting biopsychosocial outcomes. Study participants were 421 adults with HIV who were receiving services from an AIDS service organization (ASO) in Alabama. Trained personnel administered a survey which assessed age, chronicity, educational status, religious activities, health status, social support, and positive mood. Direct and indirect paths were specified between these variables. The final model fit the data well (GFI = .97, AGFI = .94). There were direct effects between age and chronicity, educational status, religious activities, health status, and social support; direct effects between educational status and religious activities, health status, social support, and positive mood; and direct effects between religious activities and social support. Based upon the model, interventions that may improve biopsychosocial outcomes are posited.
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND PHYSICAL FACTORS ON IN VITRO HIGH FREQUENCY REGENERATION OF GRASS PEA

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is highly nutritious and protein rich legume crop; however, presence of ODAP (β-NOxalyl-L-α, β-diaminopropionic acid) has restricted its use for human and animal consumption. There is need for accelerated breeding of low or zero ODAP cultivars to ensure safer and wider use of grass pea through conventional and biotechnological approaches. The study investigated solidified MS medium containing a combination of thidiazuron (TDZ) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) concentrations for improved regeneration of grass pea using stem with two nodes (binodal) explant under photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 20 μmol m-2 s-1 light intensity. The results showed that combination of low light intensity, phytagel as gelling agent and TDZ NAA was very effective for high frequency shoot regeneration after 3 weeks culture. Maximum number of 37.6 shoots per explants was noted on MS medium containing 0.75 mg/L TDZ 0.25 mg/L NAA, with 96.66% shoot induction. Healthy, well growing shoots were rooted on 1⁄2 × MS medium (micro, macro elements and vitamins) containing 0.25 mg/L Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) that resulted in 83.60% rhizogenesis. Peat moss potted plants induced hundred percent acclimatization and survival. Compared to other rooting substrates, peat moss acclimatized plants were more vigorous, flowered and set seeds under glass house conditions. High regeneration and acclimatization percentage signifies importance of this work for biotechnological based grass pea breeding.
Do Attorney Surveys Measure Judicial Performance or Respondent Ideology? Evidence from Online Evaluations

Which judges are “good” at their jobs, and which are not? The answer may depend on the ideology of whom you ask. Judicial decisions inevitably involve policy making, and lawyers may prefer judges whose policy preferences match their own. This paper tests that prediction with online evaluations of judges. Criminal defense attorneys, a group likely to hold progressive views, make up a disproportionate share of the respondents. The respondents assign lower average scores to Republican appointees, especially female and minority ones, even after controlling for the judges’ backgrounds and performance measures. In comments, respondents object to judges with conservative tendencies more often than those with liberal ones. The objections to conservative tendencies correlate with large reductions in a judge’s numerical ratings, while objections to liberal ones do not. The results suggest that judicial evaluation surveys should take account of how attorneys’ ideology influences their perceptions of judicial performance.
Five Xanthomonas type III effectors suppress cell death induced by components of immunity-associated MAP kinase cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play a fundamental role in signaling of plant immunity and mediate elicitation of cell death. Xanthomonas spp. manipulate plant signaling by using a type III secretion system to deliver effector proteins into host cells. We examined the ability of 33 Xanthomonas effectors to inhibit cell death induced by overexpression of components of MAPK cascades in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Five effectors inhibited cell death induced by overexpression of MAPKKKα and MEK2, but not of MAP3Kε. In addition, expression of AvrBs1 in yeast suppressed activation of the high osmolarity glycerol MAPK pathway, suggesting that the target of this effector is conserved in eukaryotic organisms. These results indicate that Xanthomonas employs several type III effectors to suppress immunity-associated cell death mediated by MAPK cascades.
Strong normalisation in the /spl pi/-calculus

Introduces a typed /spl pi/-calculus where strong normalisation is ensured by typability. Strong normalisation is a useful property in many computational contexts, including distributed systems. In spite of its simplicity, our type discipline captures a wide class of converging name-passing interactive behaviours. The proof of strong normalisability combines methods from typed /spl lambda/-calculi and linear logic with process-theoretic reasoning. It is adaptable to systems involving state and other extensions. Strong normalisation is shown to have significant consequences, including finite axiomatisation of weak bisimilarity, a fully abstract embedding of the simply-typed /spl lambda/-calculus with products and sums and basic liveness in interaction. Strong normalisability has been extensively studied as a fundamental property in functional calculi, term rewriting and logical systems. This work is one of the first steps to extend theories and proof methods for strong normalisability to the context of name-passing processes.
Cognitive-Radio-Based Internet of Things: Applications, Architectures, Spectrum Related Functionalities, and Future Research Directions

Recent research and technology trends are shifting toward IoT and CRNs. However, we think that the things-oriented, Internet-oriented, and semantic-oriented versions of IoT are meaningless if IoT objects are not equipped with cognitive radio capability. Equipping IoT objects with CR capability has lead to a new research dimension of CR-based IoT. In this article, we present an overview of CR-based IoT systems. We highlight potential applications of CR-based IoT systems. We survey architectures and frameworks of CR-based IoT systems. We furthermore discuss spectrum-related functionalities for CR-based IoT systems. Finally, we present open issues, research challenges, and future direction for these CR-based IoT networks.
Directionality of coupling of physiological subsystems: age-related changes of cardiorespiratory interaction during different sleep stages in babies.

Activity of many physiological subsystems has a well-expressed rhythmic character. Often, a dependency between physiological rhythms is established due to interaction between the corresponding subsystems. Traditional methods of data analysis allow one to quantify the strength of interaction but not the causal interrelation that is indispensable for understanding the mechanisms of interaction. Here we present a recently developed method for quantification of coupling direction and apply it to an important problem. Namely, we study the mutual influence of respiratory and cardiovascular rhythms in healthy newborns within the first 6 mo of life in quiet and active sleep. We find an age-related change of the coupling direction: the interaction is nearly symmetric during the first days and becomes practically unidirectional (from respiration to heart rhythm) at the age of 6 mo. Next, we show that the direction of interaction is mainly determined by respiratory frequency. If the latter is less than approximately 0.6 Hz, the interaction occurs dominantly from respiration to heart. With higher respiratory frequencies that only occur at very young ages, the dominating direction is less pronounced or even abolished. The observed dependencies are not related to sleep stage, suggesting that the coupling direction is determined by system-inherent dynamical processes, rather than by functional modulations. The directional analysis may be applied to other interacting narrow band oscillatory systems, e.g., in the central nervous system. Thus it is an important step forward in revealing and understanding causal mechanisms of interactions.
Trypanosoma congolense: the distribution of enzymic variants in East and West Africa

SUMMARY A total of 114 stocks of Trypanosoma congolense originating from Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia and Sudan, but including, for comparison, stocks from The Gambia, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Cameroun, were compared by isoenzyme electrophoresis for 6 enzymes. The zymodemes were grouped, both from a dendrogram and using a cladistic method, after calculating the dissimilarity, or distance, between profiles. Previous observations are broadly confirmed, the zymodemes clustering separately according to geographical origin and ecological zone. Thus, one group was composed almost entirely of East African stocks, and another of stocks from both East and West Africa, although each group was of savanna origin. A third group was composed of stocks from the humid, rain-forest zones of West Africa, and was particularly characterized by isoenzyme variants of superoxide dismutase and glucose-phosphate isomerase. Two stocks from the Kenyan coast formed a markedly separate group, which may be taxonomically distinct.