Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of extrinsic reward on sport performance, perceived competence and intrinsic motivation

The role of performance in the extrinsic rewards (ER) and intrinsic motivation (IM) relationship was examined. Four studies refined Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI; Ryan, 1982? ) internal consistency with Australian adolescents. In main study one, 147 Melbourne schoolchildren aged 13 and 16 performed 20 basketball free throws on three occasions, completing the IMI after occasion 1 performance, a singleitem perceived competence (PC) measure, and the IMI before and after occasion 2 and 3 performance. Before occasion 2 performance, half the males and females from each age group were offered, with controlling instmctions, 50 cents for every additional basket scored; controls were offered no reward, nor was either group on occasion 3. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that older children, males, and rewarded children performed better than controls. Significant interaction effects indicated that occasion 2 and 3 performance,improved for the rewarded group. LISREL path anaysis indicated that ER significantly influenced occasion 2 and 3 performance, PC, and IM, but the LISREL model was not a good fit. In main study two, 159 Melbourne schoolchildren aged 13 and 16, completed 20 free throws, PC, and IM measures on three occasions. Before occasion 2 performance, half the males and females from each age group were told they were performing in the top ten per cent. No feedback was given to either group on occasion 3. ANOVA revealed significant age and feedback condition main effects. A significant two-way interaction revealed superior occasion 2 and 3 performance and IM with positive feedback. LISREL indicated that feedback was significantly related to performance and IM. Extrinsic motivation (monetary rewards, positive feedback) can enhance performance, and intrinsic motivation.
In vitro flowering of Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. cultured under different light qualities and growth regulators.

summary. Tissue cultures of Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. were maintained on modified MS to evaluate in vitro flowering under light of different qualities: white (control), blue, green, red, yellow, UV-A plus white and darkness; as well as different growth regulators at concentrations (μM): IBA 0.98, KIN 0.46, KIN 2.3, IBA 0.98 + KIN 0.46, IAA 1.14 + KIN 0.46. The events from vegetative to reproductive growth were observed under in vitro conditions. Flowering was verified from 15 days in all light treatments. Plantlets grown under darkness presented 6% of flowered plantlets within 60 days. White and blue lights showed the highest in vitro flowering percentage (70% and 56%, respectively). A reduction of flowering was observed under red, yellow and green light exposure. IBA added at 0.98 μM concentration induced a greater number of flowers per branch (4.4±0.5). In vitro fruiting was obtained within 60 days.
MyomiRs as Markers of Insulin Resistance and Decreased Myogenesis in Skeletal Muscle of Diet-Induced Obese Mice

High-fat diet (HFD) feeding causes insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle of mice, which affects skeletal muscle metabolism and function. The involvement of muscle-specific microRNAs in the evolution of skeletal muscle IR during 4, 8, and 12 weeks in HFD-induced obese mice was investigated. After 4 weeks in HFD, mice were obese, hyperglycemic, and hyperinsulinemic; however, their muscles were responsive to insulin stimuli. Expressions of MyomiRs (miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-206) measured in soleus muscles were not different from those found in control mice. After 8 weeks of HFD feeding, glucose uptake was lower in skeletal muscle from obese mice compared to control mice, and we observed a significant decrease in miR-1a in soleus muscle when compared to HFD for 4 weeks. miR-1a expression continued to decay within time. After 12 weeks of HFD, miR-133a expression was upregulated when compared to the control group. Expression of miR-1a was negatively correlated with glycemia and positively correlated with the constant rate of plasma glucose disappearance. Pioglitazone treatment could not reverse decreases of miR-1a levels induced by HFD. Targets of myomiRs involved in insulin-growth factor (IGF)-1 pathway, such as Igf-1, Irs-1, Rheb, and follistatin, were reduced after 12 weeks in HFD and Mtor increased, when compared to the control or HFD for 4 or 8 weeks. These findings suggest for the first time that miR-1 may be a marker of the development of IR in skeletal muscle. Evidence was also presented that impairment in myomiRs expression contributes to decreased myogenesis and skeletal muscle growth reported in diabetes.
Investigating the Choline Chloride: Urea and Choline Chloride:Glycerol Deep Eutectic Solvents as Nanofluids Dispersants forConvective Heat Transfer

In this paper, two Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs), choline chloride: urea and choline chloride: glycerol with molar ratios of 1:2, respectively, were investigated as dispersants for Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) to study the heat exchange. Because of the DESs’ high thermal properties, especially at high temperatures, they became good candidates for heat transfer applications. We prepared the DESs and examined their thermal conductivity as a new approach data using a thermal conductivity meter. Nanoparticles loading ratios of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 vol.% was proposed to inspect the thermal effect. Viscosity, friction factor (f), Nusselt number (Nu), Prandtl number (Pr), Reynolds number (Re), and heat transfer coefficient (h) relationships were studied in details under laminar flow conditions. Results showed that both of the pristine DESs had higher heat transfer coefficients than the nanofluids at all loadings, which attributed to the high heat capacity of the DESs than the NPs materials. Here, the heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluids decreased by increasing the NPs loading.
The Dancing Bear – A New Way of Composing Ciphers

This note presents a new way of composing cryptographic primitives which makes some novel combinations possible. For example, one can do threshold decryption using standard block ciphers, or using an arbitrary mix of different decryption algorithms – such as any three keys out of two AES keys, a 3DES key, an RSA key and a one-time pad. We also provide a new way to combine different types of primitive, such as encryption and signature. For example, Alice can construct a convertible signature that only Bob can verify, but which he can make world-verifiable using an AES key. We can incorporate even more exotic primitives, such as micropayments and puzzles, into compound constructs. Previously, there had been two basic ways to combine cryptographic primitives. One could either design a compound primitive, perhaps using the homomorphic properties of discrete exponentiation, or one could embed several primitives into a protocol. Neither is ideal for all applications, and both have been extremely vulnerable to design errors. We provide a third construction that also allows the designer to do new things. We show, for example, how to incorporate cyclic dominance into a cryptographic mechanism, and how it might be used in a digital election scheme. Our new construction not only complements existing ways of composing crypto primitives; it also has the virtue of simplicity.
Film Structure and the Emotion System

Part I. Developing the Approach: 1. An invitation to feel 2. The emotion system and nonprototypical emotions 3. The mood-cue approach to filmic emotion 4. Other cognitivisms Part II. Analyzing Emotional Appeals in Film: 5. 'Couldn't you read between those pitiful lines? ': feeling for Stella Dallas 6. Strike-ing out: the partial success of early Eisenstein's emotional appeal 7. Lyricism and unevenness: emotional transitions in Renoir's A Day in the Country and The Lower Depths 8. Emotion work: The Joy Luck Club and the limits of the emotion system 9. 'I was misinformed': nostalgia and uncertainty in Casablanca Part III. Afterword: 10. An invitation to interpret Appendix: the neurological basis of psychoanalytic film theory: Metz's emotional debt to Freud the biologist Notes Index.
Designs of PMC-based non-volatile memory circuits for data restoring

This paper presents two circuits for implementing the restore operation of a non-volatile (NV) memory cell in which data from a programmable metallization cell (PMC) can be copied (restored) into a static random access memory (SRAM). In the first proposed design, a transmission gate is added to each row of cells of the memory array in which a concurrent error detection (CED) circuit is also present. When a mismatch between the data stored in the SRAM and the PMC is detected, the restore operation starts for a single cell. For the second proposed design, a tri-state inverter is added to control the restore operation. This design requires a larger circuit complexity compared to the first design, but performance is substantially improved; moreover, all cells of a memory array can be simultaneously restored, thus suitable for restarting with power-on. A comparison of these designs with a previous scheme is also pursued; it is shown that the proposed designs improve performance.
Processing Graded Feedback: Electrophysiological Correlates of Learning from Small and Large Errors

Feedback processing is important for learning and therefore may affect the consolidation of skills. Considerable research demonstrates electrophysiological differences between correct and incorrect feedback, but how we learn from small versus large errors is usually overlooked. This study investigated electrophysiological differences when processing small or large error feedback during a time estimation task. Data from high-learners and low-learners were analyzed separately. In both high- and low-learners, large error feedback was associated with higher feedback-related negativity (FRN) and small error feedback was associated with a larger P300 and increased amplitude over the motor related areas of the left hemisphere. In addition, small error feedback induced larger desynchronization in the alpha and beta bands with distinctly different topographies between the two learning groups: The high-learners showed a more localized decrease in beta power over the left frontocentral areas, and the low-learners showed a widespread reduction in the alpha power following small error feedback. Furthermore, only the high-learners showed an increase in phase synchronization between the midfrontal and left central areas. Importantly, this synchronization was correlated to how well the participants consolidated the estimation of the time interval. Thus, although large errors were associated with higher FRN, small errors were associated with larger oscillatory responses, which was more evident in the high-learners. Altogether, our results suggest an important role of the motor areas in the processing of error feedback for skill consolidation.
An agent based approach for Virtual Power Plant valuing thermal flexibility in energy markets

Virtual Power Plant (VPP) defines a combination of Distributed Energy Resources, seen as a single entity from a market point of view which aims maximizing its profit according to different business cases. This paper introduces a VPP concept based on an optimization on top of Real Time Control approach using a market-based Multi Agent System (MAS) which controls the flexibility of electricity and heat demand and supply using a dynamic pricing as steering signal. The peculiarity of this approach is to derive the thermal constraints of the optimization from the market bids rather than from thermal models. This reduces all the thermal constraints to a single constraint, leading to a faster optimization, that scales well with the number of houses and which can be executed often to minimize the impact of forecast and model uncertainties. In this paper, a 50 households VPP simulation has been implemented and shows significant cost savings potential.
Lightweight probabilistic broadcast

The growing interest in peer-to-peer applications has underlined the importance of scalability in modern distributed systems. Not surprisingly, much research effort has been invested in gossip-based broadcast protocols. These trade the traditional strong reliability guarantees against very good "scalability" properties. Scalability is in that context usually expressed in terms of throughput and delivery latency, but there is only little work on how to reduce the overhead of membership management on a large scale. The paper presents Lightweight Probabilistic Broadcast (lpbcast), a novel gossip-based broadcast algorithm which preserves the inherent throughput scalability of traditional gossip-based algorithms and adds a notion of membership management scalability: every process only knows a random subset of fixed size of the processes in the system. We formally analyze our broadcast algorithm in terms of scalability with respect to the size of individual views, and compare the analytical results both with simulations and concrete measurements.
Movement intention detection using neural network for quadriplegic assistive machine

Biomedical signal lately have been a hot topic for researchers, as many journals and books related to it have been publish. In this paper, the control strategy to help quadriplegic patient using Brain Computer Interface (BCI) on basis of Electroencephalography (EEG) signal was used. BCI is a technology that obtain user's thought to control a machine or device. This technology has enabled people with quadriplegia or in other words a person who had lost the capability of his four limbs to move by himself again. Within the past years, many researchers have come out with a new method and investigation to develop a machine that can fulfill the objective for quadriplegic patient to move again. Besides that, due to the development of bio-medical and healthcare application, there are several ways that can be used to extract signal from the brain. One of them is by using EEG signal. This research is carried out in order to detect the brain signal to controlling the movement of the wheelchair by using a single channel EEG headset. A group of 5 healthy people was chosen in order to determine performance of the machine during dynamic focusing activity such as the intention to move a wheelchair and stopping it. A neural network classifier was then used to classify the signal based on major EEG signal ranges. As a conclusion, a good neural network configuration and a decent method of extracting EEG signal will lead to give a command to control robotic wheelchair.
DISTMIX: direct imputation of summary statistics for unmeasured SNPs from mixed ethnicity cohorts

Motivation: To increase the signal resolution for large-scale meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies, genotypes at unmeasured single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are commonly imputed using large multi-ethnic reference panels. However, the ever increasing size and ethnic diversity of both reference panels and cohorts makes genotype imputation computationally challenging for moderately sized computer clusters. Moreover, genotype imputation requires subject-level genetic data, which unlike summary statistics provided by virtually all studies, is not publicly available. While there are much less demanding methods which avoid the genotype imputation step by directly imputing SNP statistics, e.g. Directly Imputing summary STatistics (DIST) proposed by our group, their implicit assumptions make them applicable only to ethnically homogeneous cohorts. Results: To decrease computational and access requirements for the analysis of cosmopolitan cohorts, we propose DISTMIX, which extends DIST capabilities to the analysis of mixed ethnicity cohorts. The method uses a relevant reference panel to directly impute unmeasured SNP statistics based only on statistics at measured SNPs and estimated/user-specified ethnic proportions. Simulations show that the proposed method adequately controls the Type I error rates. The 1000 Genomes panel imputation of summary statistics from the ethnically diverse Psychiatric Genetic Consortium Schizophrenia Phase 2 suggests that, when compared to genotype imputation methods, DISTMIX offers comparable imputation accuracy for only a fraction of computational resources. Availability and implementation: DISTMIX software, its reference population data, and usage examples are publicly available at http://code.google. com/p/distmix. Contact: dlee4@vcu.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter Is a Strong Anthropometric Measure of Visceral Adipose Tissue in the Asian General Population

OBJECTIVE Finding the anthropometric measure of visceral obesity is essential to clinical practice, because it predicts cardiovascular and metabolic risks. Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) has been proposed as an estimate of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of SAD in predicting visceral obesity by comparing SAD to other anthropometric measures. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Estimation of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and measurement of SAD and transverse abdominal diameter using computed tomography at the umbilical level were obtained in 5,257 men and women who were enrolled in a health checkup program in Korea. To compare SAD to other anthropometric measures, linear regression analyses were used to determine correlations between anthropometrics and visceral obesity. RESULTS SAD showed a stronger correlation to VAT than waist circumference, BMI, and transverse abdominal diameter in the both sexes (men: r = 0.804, women: r = 0.724). Waist circumference showed generally stronger associations to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) than to VAT (men: r = 0.789 vs. 0.705, women: r = 0.820 vs. 0.636). Even after subdividing according to age or BMI in both sexes and analyzing multiple regressions, SAD showed the strongest correlation to VAT. CONCLUSIONS SAD showed the strongest correlation to VAT irrespective of age, sex, and the degree of obesity compared with other anthropometric measures, whereas waist circumference may have a stronger correlation to SAT than to VAT. The clinical use of SAD has advantages over other anthropometric measures in predicting VAT.
Lyme Disease Borrelia Species in Northeastern China Resemble Those Isolated from Far Eastern Russia and Japan

ABSTRACT Fifty-nine Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato culture isolates collected from northeastern China were characterized by 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Among 59 culture isolates, 30 (50.8%) were Borrelia garinii and 17 (28.8%) were Borrelia afzelii, 2 were mixtures composed of B. garinii with RFLP pattern B and B. garinii with pattern C, and 9 were mixtures composed ofB. garinii and B. afzelii. One isolate, ChY13p, produced a unique pattern and was identified asB. garinii based on analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequence, flagellin PCR-RFLP typing, and MAb reactivities. NoBorrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto or Borrelia japonica isolates were detected. The results indicate that Lyme disease Borrelia species in northeastern China resemble those of Borrelia isolates from far eastern Russia and Japan.
Sequence labeling-based reordering model for phrase-based SMT

For current statistical machine translation system, reordering is still a major problem for language pairs like ChineseEnglish, where the source and target language have significant word order differences. In this paper, we propose a novel reordering model based on sequence labeling techniques. Our model converts the reordering problem into a sequence labeling problem, i.e. a tagging task. For the given source sentence, we assign each source token a label which contains the reordering information for that token. We also design an unaligned word tag so that the unaligned word phenomenon is automatically implanted in the proposed model. Our reordering model is conditioned on the whole source sentence. Hence it is able to catch the long dependency in the source sentence. Although the learning on large scale task requests notably amounts of computational resources, the decoder makes use of the tagging information as soft constraints. Therefore, the training procedure of our model is computationally expensive for large task while in the test phase (during translation) our model is very efficient. We carried out experiments on five Chinese-English NIST tasks trained with BOLT data. Results show that our model improves the baseline system by 1.32 BLEU 1.53 TER on average.
Mapping Large Spatial Flow Data with Hierarchical Clustering

It is challenging to map large spatial flow data due to the problem of occlusion and cluttered display, where hundreds of thousands of flows overlap and intersect each other. Existing flow mapping approaches often aggregate flows using predetermined high‐level geographic units (e.g. states) or bundling partial flow lines that are close in space, both of which cause a significant loss or distortion of information and may miss major patterns. In this research, we developed a flow clustering method that extracts clusters of similar flows to avoid the cluttering problem, reveal abstracted flow patterns, and meanwhile preserves data resolution as much as possible. Specifically, our method extends the traditional hierarchical clustering method to aggregate and map large flow data. The new method considers both origins and destinations in determining the similarity of two flows, which ensures that a flow cluster represents flows from similar origins to similar destinations and thus minimizes information loss during aggregation. With the spatial index and search algorithm, the new method is scalable to large flow data sets. As a hierarchical method, it generalizes flows to different hierarchical levels and has the potential to support multi‐resolution flow mapping. Different distance definitions can be incorporated to adapt to uneven spatial distribution of flows and detect flow clusters of different densities. To assess the quality and fidelity of flow clusters and flow maps, we carry out a case study to analyze a data set of 243,850 taxi trips within an urban area.