Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevention and treatment of bleeding complications in patients receiving vitamin K antagonists, Part 1: Prevention

Oral anticoagulant therapy with coumarins is widely used for the prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thrombosis. The most common complication of vitamin K antagonist therapy is bleeding, with major bleeding events occurring in 1–3% of patients annually. Although a number of potential predictors for bleeding have been described, little research is available to provide evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of bleeding. To address this knowledge gap, we assembled a panel of international experts and posed a series of focused clinical questions. The experts were asked to perform a systematic literature review and summarize the results of that review within the context of their clinical question. In many cases, data were lacking and the experts were asked to supplement their answer with clinical expertise. To minimize bias the reviews were vetted by three internationally recognized scholarly bodies. Our goal in this project is to provide ‘‘best evidence’’ for clinicians faced with the problem of minimizing the risk of bleeding in patients on vitamin K antagonist therapy. The number of patients receiving vitamin K antagonist therapy increases annually and probably exceeds three million in the United States. Despite monitoring and careful dose adjustment, the time spent in the therapeutic International Normalized Ratio (INR) range varies from below 47% to a maximum of 81% of the time [1]. Major bleeding events occur in up to 3% of ‘‘standard risk’’ patients treated with an oral vitamin K antagonist in one year. Despite the high frequency of use of vitamin K antagonists, very little research has been performed examining techniques to reduce the risk of bleeding. In particular, the role of clinical bleeding prediction rules is uncertain and further study of the role of drug and food interactions, the impact of patient education, the risk to beneﬁt ratio of combining different
Improved preservation of hearing and facial nerve function in vestibular schwannoma surgery via the retrosigmoid approach in a series of 200 patients.

OBJECT The aim of this study was to evaluate and present the results of current surgical treatment of vestibular schwannomas (VSs) and to report the refinements in the operative technique. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective study of 200 consecutive patients who had undergone VS surgery over a 3-year period. Patient records, operative reports, follow-up data, and neuroradiological findings were analyzed. The main outcome measures were magnetic resonance imaging, neurological status, patient complaints, and surgical complications. Complete tumor removal was achieved in 98% of patients. Anatomical preservation of the facial nerve was possible in 98.5% of patients. In patients treated for tumors with extension Classes T1, T2, and T3, the rate of facial nerve preservation was 100%. By the last follow-up examination, excellent or good facial nerve function had been achieved in 81% of the cases. By at least 1 year postsurgery, no patients had total facial palsy. In the patients with preserved hearing, the rate of anatomical preservation of the cochlear nerve was 84%. The overall rate of functional hearing preservation was 51%. There was no surgery-related permanent morbidity in this series of patients. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage was diagnosed in 2% of the patients. The mortality rate was 0%. CONCLUSIONS The goal of VS treatment should be total removal in one stage and preservation of neurological function, as they determine a patient's quality of life. This goal can be safely and successfully achieved using the retrosigmoid approach.
Attentional Limitations in Doing Two Tasks at Once

People generally have difficulty doing two tasks at once. To explain this fact, theorists have proposed that central processing—the thought-like stages following perceptual encoding and preceding response processing—takes place for only one task at a time. Because this bottleneck imposes severe limits on human cognitive processes, research has attempted to find exceptions. There is now solid evidence that, at least in the laboratory, the entire bottleneck can be completely bypassed under favorable combinations of circumstances. While these findings provide a ray of hope for enabling parallel multitasking in real-world scenarios, it will not be easy to take advantage of the combination of conditions that appear to be necessary.
LEADERSHIP ROLES AND ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT : RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMPETING VALUES FRAMEWORK LEADER ROLES AND THE CONTEXT FOR LEARNING

As managerial development continues to take a significant portion of the human resources budget, researchers seek to find effective methods of improving the quality of that training. The purpose of this paper is to show a correlation between certain managerial skills and the organizational environment in which they are developed. Correlations are found between the Competing Values Framework (Quinn, 1988) and the Context-for-learning (Black & Boal, 1997). These correlations allude to the effectiveness of managerial development in certain organizational environments. Another theme is the transfer of academic expert opinion to the practical application in the human resource realm. A comparison of expert opinions to the actual correlations found from field data reveals quite a bit of difference between the experts and field data.
An improved quantum query algorithm for computing AND Boolean function

We consider the quantum query model for computing Boolean functions. The definition of the function is known, but a black box contains the input X = (x1, x2, …, xn). Black box can be accessed by querying xi values. The goal is to develop an algorithm, which would compute the function value for arbitrary input using as few queries to the black box as possible. We present two different quantum query algorithms for computing the basic Boolean function — logical AND of two bits. Both algorithms use only one query to determine the function value. Correct answer probability for the first algorithm is 80%, but for the second algorithm it is 90%. To compute this function with the same probability in the classical model, two queries are necessary. We analyze algorithms implementation differences and propose a way to extend the first algorithm to compute AND of two functions.
A new quasi-Yagi bowtie type integrated antenna

This work presents an optimized broadband quasi-Yagi planar antenna with a new driver configuration that looks like a bowtie antenna for wireless communication applications. The proposed quasi-Yagi antenna represents an improvement over existing printed antenna topologies, simultaneously exhibiting increased bandwidth, excellent radiation properties, and simple construction. The antenna was firstly designed to work at 2.4 GHz, satisfying the standards of Bluetooth system and WLAN, and finally was optimized to include the frequency of 1.9 GHz and PCS applications. The simulation and design optimization were done by a commercial software, CST Microwave Studio, that uses the Finite Integration Technique (FIT). Numerical results are compared to measured ones and good agreement is observed.
Scaling MCMC Inference and Belief Propagation to Large, Dense Graphical Models

SCALING MCMC INFERENCE AND BELIEF PROPAGATION TO LARGE, DENSE GRAPHICAL MODELS MAY 2014 SAMEER SINGH B.E. , UNIVERSITY OF DELHI M.Sc., VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Andrew McCallum With the physical constraints of semiconductor-based electronics becoming increasingly limiting in the past decade, single-core CPUs have given way to multi-core and distributed computing platforms. At the same time, access to large data collections is progressively becoming commonplace due to the lowering cost of storage and bandwidth. Traditional machine learning paradigms that have been designed to operate sequentially on single processor architectures seem destined to become obsolete in this world of multi-core, multi-node systems and massive data sets. Inference for graphical models is one such example for which most existing algorithms are sequential in nature and are difficult to scale using parallel computations. Further, modeling large datasets leads to an escalation in the number of variables, factors, domains, and the density of the models, all of which have a substantial impact on the computational and storage complexity of inference. To achieve scalability, existing techniques impose strict independence assumptions on the model,
A Technique for the Retrospective and Predictive Analysis of Cognitive Errors for the Oil and Gas Industry (TRACEr-OGI)

Human error remains a major cause of several accidents in the oil and gas (O&G) industry. While human error has been analysed in several industries and has been at the centre of many debates and commentaries, a detailed, systematic and comprehensive analysis of human error in the O&G industry has not yet been conducted. Hence, this report aims to use the Technique for Retrospective and Predictive Analysis of Cognitive Errors (TRACEr) to analyse historical accidents in the O&G industry. The study has reviewed 163 major and/or fatal O&G industry accidents that occurred between 2000 and 2014. The results obtained have shown that the predominant context for errors was internal communication, mostly influenced by factors of perception. Major accident events were crane accidents and falling objects, relating to the most dominant accident type: ‘Struck by’. The main actors in these events were drillers and operators. Generally, TRACEr proved very useful in identifying major task errors. However, the taxonomy was less useful in identifying both equipment errors and errors due to failures in safety critical control barriers and recovery measures. Therefore, a modified version of the tool named Technique for the Retrospective and Predictive Analysis of Cognitive Errors for the Oil and Gas Industry (TRACEr-OGI) was proposed and used. This modified analytical tool was consequently found to be more effective for accident analysis in the O&G industry.
Social Support as a Mediator Between Insomnia and Depression in Female Undergraduate Students

ABSTRACT Objectives/Background: Despite findings that insomnia and depression have a bidirectional relationship, the exact psychological mechanisms that link these disorders are largely unknown. The goal of this study was to identify whether social support mediates the relationship between insomnia and depression. Methods: The study sample (N = 115) consisted of females only, and all participants (mean age 21.77 ± 1.80) completed self-report measures of insomnia severity, depression, and social support. Results: Insomnia severity was significantly associated with low levels of social support (B = −1.04, SE = .27, p < .001) and high levels of depression (B = .18, SE = 0.05, p < .001). Social support mediated the effects of insomnia on depression (95% CI [.03, .15]). However, social support did not mediate the effects of depression on insomnia (95% CI [–.01, .32]). Conclusions: These findings suggest that interpersonal factors such as social support may be an important factor to consider in female insomnia patients in the context of preventing depression in this population.
Identification of One Dimensional Digital Filters in State Space form using Neural Networks

ABSTRACTA novel Neural Network (NN) architecture for identification of on dimensional (1-D) digital filters is introduced. The proposed NN structure can directly establish the state-space representation of a 1-D digital filter using available input-output data. An on-line implementation of the proposed method is also presented. The simulations experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for both Single Input Single Output (SISO) and Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) digital filters.
New Approach To Produce Water Free of Bacteria, Viruses, and Halogens in a Recyclable System

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial activity of a new cross-linked N-halamine polymer against bacteria and viruses was evaluated. The polymer achieved a 9-log10 reduction of bacteria (both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) in 1.5 h and a 5-log10 reduction of bacteriophage PRD1 in 3 h. At the same time, the ability of the nonhalogenated polymer to trap halide ions was examined. The polymer was incorporated into a multifiltration system to study the ability to produce water free of bacteria, viruses, and halide ions. The antimicrobial activity, useful lifetime, halide ion level, and recycling possibilities of the system were quantified on a laboratory scale. A design for a large-scale multifiltration system based on this polymer is proposed.
Interbreeding between local and translocated populations of a cleaner fish in an experimental mesocosm predicts risk of disrupted local adaptation

Abstract Translocation of organisms within or outside its native range carries the risk of modifying the community of the recipient ecosystems and induces gene flow between locally adapted populations or closely related species. In this study, we evaluated the genetic consequences of large‐scale translocation of cleaner wrasses that has become a common practice within the salmon aquaculture industry in northern Europe to combat sea lice infestation. A major concern with this practice is the potential for hybridization of escaped organisms with the local, recipient wrasse population, and thus potentially introduce exogenous alleles and breaking down coadapted gene complexes in local populations. We investigated the potential threat for such genetic introgressions in a large seminatural mesocosm basin. The experimental setting represented a simulated translocation of corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) that occurs on a large scale in the Norwegian salmon industry. Parentage assignment analysis of mesocosm's offspring revealed 30% (195 out of 651 offspring) interbreeding between the two populations, despite their being genetically (F ST = 0.094, p < 0.05) and phenotypically differentiated. Moreover, our results suggest that reproductive fitness of the translocated western population doubled that of the local southern population. Our results confirm that human translocations may overcome the impediments imposed by natural habitat discontinuities and urge for immediate action to manage the genetic resources of these small benthic wrasses.
Kolloidale Trübung in untergärigen Bieren

Den Mittelpunkt der Arbeit bildeten die im Bier nachgewiesenen, trubungsrelevanten Polyphenole, die Gruppe der Flavan-3-ole. Dabei lagen die Arbeitsziele sowohl in der Veranderung des Polyphenolspektrums, um somit die kolloidale Stabilitat untergariger Biere, basierend auf technologischen Variationen des Brauprozesses, zu verbessern als auch in der Analyse der Reduktion dieser Stoffgruppe wahrend der Bieralterung. Neben der phenolischen Seite wurden auch die an der Trubungsentstehung beteiligten Proteine betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse der Polyphenol- und der Proteinanalytik wurden in Hypothesen zur Trubungsbildung implementiert, die dadurch entstandenen Modelle auf ihre Richtigkeit untersucht und weitere Einflusse wie Sauerstoff und verschiedene Metalli-onen berucksichtigt.
Fighting against Sample Degeneracy and Impoverishment in Particle Filters: Particularly on Intelligent Choices

Growing interest in the particle filter has been seen in the last two decades. However, the PF suffers from a pair of long-standing problem that is referred to as sample degeneracy and impoverishment. We investigate a group of methods that have been successively made for the benefit of the diversity of particles to fight against sample degeneracy and impoverishment. Comparing with kernel smoothing methods, they act in a more intelligent manner and benefit from a variety of techniques such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods, mean-shift algorithms, scatter search methods, artificial intelligence algorithms (e.g., particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm and ant colony optimization) and machine learning approaches (e.g., clustering, splitting and merging), etc. They improve the filtering performance especially in terms of robustness and convergence of the particle filter, but they may suffer from high computational cost that will in turn sacrifice the improvement reported. This critical point is widely omitted when a new filter is evaluated and compared with others. Thorough discussions of these approaches are presented with special emphasis on their interrelationships, benefits and challenges.
Integrating Electric Vehicles into the German Electricity Grid - an Interdisciplinary Analysis

This study analyses the integration of electric vehicles (EV) into the German power grid including different demand side management (DSM) approaches from a technical, economical and user perspective. For this an overview of the future German electricity market with the focus on EV integration is given. It is shown that for conservative EV penetration rates the effect on the electricity generation is marginal while the shortage in the regional and local electricity grid could be already significant. DSM in combination with smart grids can help to tackle this issue by controlled charging of EVs. One simple concept is to postpone the charging process by offering incentives to vehicle users e. g. with dynamic electricity tariffs. The common Time-of-Use (TOU) tariff defines in advance a dynamic tariff scheme according to the load forecast for the following days. This allows to release the local electricity grid and to increase the share of renewable energies: In times of high electricity generation by renewable energies and low electricity demand the price is low and vice versa. The impact of these dynamic tariffs on the charging process of EVs is shown in a techno-economic analysis for an exemplary urban high voltage grid by an optimising energy model. These strong impacts are however somewhat reduced by the acceptance and the low profits for the single user. At least for the users in a German field trial, environmental aspects played a major role in influencing the charging behaviour – this gives still hope for the future.
Frequency characteristics of choke-input-type diode rectifier circuit for three-phase rectangular-voltage-fed distribution system

This paper presents an analysis of frequency characteristics of a choke-input-type diode rectifier circuit on a three-phase rectangular-voltage-fed distribution system and the selection of a frequency of the rectangular voltage. Moreover, a choke coil and a dc smoothing capacitor in the rectifier circuit are designed. The effectiveness of the analysis has been confirmed by experiments using the 2.4 kW prototype.
A Computational Lexicalization Approach

Fine-Grained lexicalization has been treated as a post process to refine the machine planned discourse and make the machine generated language more coherent and more fluent. Without this process, a system can still generate comprehensible languages but may sound unnatural and sometimes frustrate its users. To this end, generating coherent and natural sounding language is a major concern in any natural language system. In this paper, a lexicalization approach is presented to refine the machine generated language.
Initial testing of a novel urine culture device

The Diaslide urine culture device consists of a hinged case containing two opposing agar media separated by a sampler with a handle at one end and two bent sampler tips at the opposite end. The tips of the sampler are first dipped into the urine. The sampler is then pulled out through the casing, simultaneously inoculating both agar surfaces with a streaking dilution. As a result, individual colonies can be observed even when bacterial concentrations exceed 10(6) CFU/ml. The number of colonies on the Diaslide correlated linearly with CFU per milliliter as determined by dilution plating. The clinical performance of the Diaslide was compared with those of ordinary dipslides and conventional cultures with a sample of 473 prescreened hospital urine specimens. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of Diaslide versus those of culture at the 10(4)-CFU/ml cutoff level were 97.5, 98.3, and 98.3%, respectively, compared with 98.8, 95.7, and 97.2%, respectively, for dipslide versus culture. Similar results were found at the 10(5)-CFU/ml cutoff level. Only 5.5% of the Diaslides required subculturing, compared with 14.7 and 9.4% of the dipslides and conventional cultures, respectively. The Diaslide proved more convenient than an ordinary dipslide for sampling low volumes of urine. These data suggest that the Diaslide is a simple, effective device for culturing of urine specimens.
Activation Function of Wavelet Chaotic Neural Networks

Chaotic neural networks have been proved to be powerful tools for escaping from local minima. In this paper, we first review Chen’s chaotic neural network and then propose a novel chaotic neural network model. Second, we make an analysis of the most positive Lyapunov exponent of the neural units of Chen’s and the proposed model. Third, 10-city traveling salesman problem (TSP) is given to make a comparison between them. Finally we conclude that the novel chaotic neural network model we proposed is more valid.
Analysis of differential item functioning in the depression item bank from the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS): An item response theory approach.

The aims of this paper are to present findings related to differential item functioning (DIF) in the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) depression item bank, and to discuss potential threats to the validity of results from studies of DIF. The 32 depression items studied were modified from several widely used instruments. DIF analyses of gender, age and education were performed using a sample of 735 individuals recruited by a survey polling firm. DIF hypotheses were generated by asking content experts to indicate whether or not they expected DIF to be present, and the direction of the DIF with respect to the studied comparison groups. Primary analyses were conducted using the graded item response model (for polytomous, ordered response category data) with likelihood ratio tests of DIF, accompanied by magnitude measures. Sensitivity analyses were performed using other item response models and approaches to DIF detection. Despite some caveats, the items that are recommended for exclusion or for separate calibration were "I felt like crying" and "I had trouble enjoying things that I used to enjoy. " The item, "I felt I had no energy," was also flagged as evidencing DIF, and recommended for additional review. On the one hand, false DIF detection (Type 1 error) was controlled to the extent possible by ensuring model fit and purification. On the other hand, power for DIF detection might have been compromised by several factors, including sparse data and small sample sizes. Nonetheless, practical and not just statistical significance should be considered. In this case the overall magnitude and impact of DIF was small for the groups studied, although impact was relatively large for some individuals.