Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
De la responsabilité en éducation

Nous avons, aujourd’hui, de plus en plus conscience que notre action modifie notre environnement et notre rapport a autrui. Parallelement, dans un contexte de crise de valeurs, la recherche de l’efficacite, non comme critere d’adequation d’un moyen a une fin mais comme finalite en elle-meme, et la demande insistante, chez les praticiens de l’Education nationale, chez les acteurs du secteur social et medico-social, de methodes et de techniques d’intervention, d’enseignement et de formation, justifient, soutient ici Jean-Bernard Paturet, la place centrale que nous devons accorder a la question de l’ethique et de la responsabilite. L’incivilite a l’ecole, la crise de l’autorite, la transformation de l’espace familial traditionnel, la perte des reperes liee a l’evolution technique et scientifique entrainent instabilite et insecurite. L’education ne peut plus imposer ses normes et ses valeurs sans avoir a les expliquer et a les justifier : on est meme pret a penser qu’etre autonome consiste a se donner a soi-meme ses propres lois ! Par ailleurs, la responsabilite en matiere educative que nous devons associer a une ethique de l’alliance, comme nous y invite la loi relative a la renovation de l’action sociale, est donc plus que jamais fondamentale puisqu’elle est synonyme d’engagement, de prise de risque dans un monde qui en a peur, et qu’elle est enfin don de soi jusqu’a l’abandon, car l’educateur doit en fin de compte faire le deuil de sa propre fonction.
Identifying evolution patterns: a metrics‐based approach for external library reuse

Software development highly depends on using functionality of external libraries and frameworks because of the inherent benefits of software reuse. As projects evolve over time, it is a common and beneficial task to upgrade the external libraries to their latest versions because bugs are solved or new functionality is implemented. Nonetheless, external libraries evolve as well and undergo architectural and structural changes and therefore, impact the projects that use them in the case of library upgrades. In this paper, we propose a metrics‐based approach in order to identify evolution patterns of candidate reuse libraries and ultimately, assist in selecting new libraries for reuse or upgrading existing libraries. We propose a metrics suite that measures structural and behavioral attributes of software systems' evolution that affect their possible reuse by other projects. The proposed metrics measure the overall stability of software systems in terms of their structural consistency and resilience to introducing new bugs, maintainers' focus on resolving the existing bugs and their focus on preserving the system's structural complexity low. Next, we identify patterns in the metrics' behavior during projects' evolution in order to provide insight about the implications in the case of their reuse. We present our findings of a set of nine popular projects, six of which are maintained by the Apache Software Foundation, and report the results concerning the derived metrics' values and the studied library evolution patterns. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward Universal Half‐Saturation Coefficients: Describing Extant KS as a Function of Diffusion

Observed (extant) KS is not a constant and it is strongly influenced by diffusion. This paper argues that diffusion can be used to describe bacterial kinetic effects that are sometimes attributed to “K‐strategists” and, in fact, the physics of the system is the dominant mechanism affecting the apparent (extant) KS—not intrinsic biological characteristics—in real water resource recovery facility systems. Four different biological processes have been modeled using the “porter‐diffusion” model that was originally developed by Pasciak and Gavis (1974) for aquatic systems. The results demonstrate that diffusion is the dominant mechanism affecting KS in all four biological processes. Therefore, the authors argue that for treatment processes in which substrate concentrations are low, it is important to consider shifting to variable extant KS values or explicitly modeling the effects of diffusion.
Mixture feature based multi-temporal unstructured road image registration

In this paper, we present a mixture feature based multi-temproal unstructured road image registration approach, which consists the following four steps. (i) SUSAN algorithm is used to detect the contour of the road and to extract the road image feature points; (ii) Using the mixture feature to guide the correspondence estimation on the extracted road image feature point; (iii) To obtain a desirable non-rigid transformation, a geometric constraint term is substituted into the energy function based on L2E; (iv) Aligning the road images using the transformation constructed by the registered feature points. We evaluated the performances of the presented approach of multi-temporal and multi-view road images captured by UAVs, and compared against five state-of-the-art algorithms (CPD, GLMDTPS, RSOC, SIFT, SURF) where our algorithm shows the best registrations in most cases.
Otologic and Audiologic Outcomes with the Furlow and von Langenbeck with Intravelar Veloplasty Palatoplasties in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

Objective Cleft palate increases the risk of chronic middle ear disease and hearing loss. The goal of this report was to determine which of two palate surgeries and which timing of palate surgery were associated with better otologic and audiologic outcomes in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate at 5 to 6 years of age. Design Subjects were randomly assigned to the von Langenbeck with intravelar veloplasty or Furlow palate repair, to palate surgery at 9 to 12 months or 15 to 18 months of age, and to the Spina or Millard lip repair. Setting Centralized, tertiary care craniofacial treatment center. Patients A total of 673 infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Interventions Palate and lip were repaired using established techniques. Serial otoscopic and audiometric evaluations were performed. Main Outcome Measures Hearing and otoscopic findings at 5 to 6 years old. Results There were 370 children available for analysis. Hearing and need for tympanostomy tube placement did not differ by palatoplasty, age at palatoplasty, cheiloplasty, or surgeon. Risk of developing cholesteatoma or perforation was higher with Millard cheiloplasty (odds ratio = 5.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.44 to 18.11, p = .012). Type and age at palatoplasty were not significantly associated with either the rate of developing these sequelae or the rate of achieving bilaterally normal hearing and ear examinations. Conclusions Type of palatoplasty did not influence otologic and audiologic outcomes in 5- to 6-year-olds with unilateral cleft lip and palate. The potential influence of lip repair on otologic outcomes warrants further investigation.
Nobiletin inhibits invasion and migration of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines by involving ERK1/2 and transcriptional inhibition of MMP-2

Objective: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is known for its high incidence of neck lymph node metastasis, which represents poor prognosis. Nobiletin is a citrus polymethoxyflavonoid that suppresses tumor growth and metastasis, both of which depend on angiogenesis in previous studies. However, the effect of Nobiletin on human NPC cells metastasis has not been clearly clarified. Research design and methods: In this study, we determine the effects of Nobiletin on the migration and invasion in NPC cells. Results: Nobiletin significantly inhibited migration/invasion capacities of HONE-1 and NPC-BM cell lines. The results of gelatin zymography and western blotting revealed that the activities and protein levels of the MMP-2 were inhibited by Nobiletin. Nobiletin also showed that inhibits phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Tests of the real-time PCR and promoter assays evaluated the inhibitory effects of Nobiletin on MMP-2 expression in human NPC cells. Nobiletin inhibits MMP-2 expression, up-regulating tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 and down-regulation of the transcription factors of NF-κB and activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling pathways. Finally, an administration of Nobiletin effectively suppressed the tumor formation and metastasis in the NPC xenograft model in vivo. Conclusions: Nobiletin may have potential use as a chemo-preventive agent against nasopharyngeal cancer metastasis.
Performance Evaluation and Dependability Analysis for Open Source Cloud Computing

At present, many open source software are developed in all parts of the world, i.e., Firefox, Apache HTTP server, Linux, Android, etc. In particular, a cloud computing is an attracting attention as network service to share the computing resources, i.e., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services. This paper focuses on a cloud computing environment by using open source software such as OpenStack and Eucalyptus because of the unification management of data, and low cost. A new approach to software dependability assessment based on a jump diffusion model and stochastic differential equations in order to consider the interesting aspect of the numbers of components and users is proposed in this paper. In particular, several sensitivity analyses in terms of the proposed model parameters are shown in this paper. Also, sets of actual data are analyzed to show numerical examples of software dependability assessment considering such characteristics of cloud computing environment.
New approach to tryptophan production by Escherichia coli: genetic manipulation of composite plasmids in vitro

For the purpose of studying the production of L-tryptophan by Escherichia coli, the deletion mutants of the trp operon (trpAE1) were transformed with mutant plasmids carrying the trp operon whose anthranilate synthase and phosphoribosyl anthranilate transferase (anthranilate aggregate), respectively, had been desensitized to tryptophan inhibition. In addition to release of the anthranilate aggregate from the feedback inhibition required for plasmids such as pSC101 trp.I15, the properties of trp repression (trpR) and tryptophanase deficiency (tnaA) were both indispensable for host strains such as strain Tna (trpAE1 trpR tnaA). The gene dosage effects on tryptophan synthase activities and on production of tryptophan were assessed. A moderate plasmid copy number, approximately five per chromosome, was optimal for tryptophan production. Similarly, an appropriate release of the anthranilate aggregate from feedback inhibition was also a necessary step to ward off the metabolic anomaly. If the mutant plasmid pSC101 trp-I15 was further mutagenized (pSC101 trp.I15.14) and then transferred to Tna cells, an effective enhancement of tryptophan production was achieved. Although further improvement of the host-plasmid system is needed before commercial production of tryptophan can be realized by this means, a promising step toward this goal has been established.
Temperature dispersion of refractive indexes in some silicate fiber glasses

Temperature coefficients of refractive indexes dn/dT determine the temperature characteristics of an optical fiber transmission system. These coefficients are analyzed critically for the first time to find refractive indexes at different temperatures for three optical fiber glasses fused silica (SiO/sub 2/), aluminosilicate and Vycor, and to predict therefrom the optical design parameters such as chromatic dispersion and zero-dispersion wavelength from the UV to the 1.7 /spl mu/m region. <<ETX>>
EMG pattern recognition using Support Vector Machines classifier for myoelectric control purposes

The present work reports the use of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) as classifier of myoelectric signals. This tool was recently used to analyze data and recognize patterns, but just a few studies report its use in myoelectric registers. The aim of this research is analyze and compare some classification schemes employing Artificial Neural Networks and Linear Discriminant Analysis in order to establish the benefits of SVMs models in pattern recognition tasks. The departure information consists in an Electromyographic (EMG) data base of 12 subjects considering 4 degrees of freedom. Before building interpretation models, a pre-processing stage was done to obtain either autoregressive or frequency domain features.
Mass mapping with the scanning transmission electron microscope.

The past few years have witnessed an explosion in the productivity of the scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). With the food of specimens have come significant improvements in techniques of specimen preparation and image analysis. However, the full potential of the instrument for solving problems in structural biology is still far from realization. We predict that in the next few years the STEM will move gradually into the niche now occupied solely by x-ray and neutron diffraction.
Modulation of entry of enveloped viruses by cholesterol and sphingolipids (Review)

Enveloped animal viruses infect host cells by fusion of viral and target membranes. This crucial fusion event occurs either with the plasma membrane of the host cells at the physiological pH or with the endosomal membranes at low pH and is triggered by specific glycoproteins in the virus envelope. Both lipids and proteins play critical and co-operative roles in the fusion process. Interactions of viral proteins with their receptors direct which membranes fuse and viral fusion proteins then drive the process. These fusion proteins operate on lipid assemblies, whose physical and mechanical properties are equally important to the proper functioning of the process. Lipids contribute to the viral fusion process by virtue of their distinct chemical structure, composition and/or their preferred partitioning into specific microdomains in the plasma membrane called 'rafts'. An involvement of lipid rafts in viral entry and membrane fusion has been examined recently. However, the mechanism(s) by which lipids as dynamic raft components control viral envelope-glycoprotein-triggered fusion is not clear. This paper will review literature findings on the contribution of the two raft-associated lipids, cholesterol and sphingolipids in viral entry.
Motion contrast in primary visual cortex: a direct comparison of single neuron and population encoding

Features from outside the classical receptive field (CRF) can modulate the stimulus‐driven activity of single cells in the primary visual cortex. This modulation, mediated by horizontal and feedback networks, has been extensively described as a variation of firing rate and is considered the basis of processing features as, for example, motion contrast. However, surround influences have also been identified in pairwise spiking or local field coherence. Yet, evidence about co‐existence and integration of different neural signatures remains elusive. To compare multiple signatures, we recorded spiking and LFP activity evoked by stimuli exhibiting a motion contrast in the CRFs surround in anesthetized cat primary visual cortex. We chose natural‐like scenes over gratings to avoid predominance of simple visual features, which could be easily represented by a rate code. We analyzed firing rates and phase‐locking to low‐gamma frequency in single cells and neuronal assemblies. Motion contrast was reflected in all measures but in semi‐independent populations. Whereas activation of assemblies accompanied single neuron rates, their phase relations were modulated differently. Interestingly, only assembly phase relations mirrored the direction of movement of the surround and were selectively affected by thermal deactivation of visual interhemispheric connections. We argue that motion contrast can be reflected in complementary and superimposed neuronal signatures that can represent different surround features in independent neuronal populations.
Développement d'un modèle éléments finis 3D appliqué à la simulation d'opérations chirurgicales des tissus mous

Devant la complexite croissante des pratiques chirurgicales et les preoccupations ethiques et medico-legales, les simulateurs chirurgicaux ont su montrer a priori leur utilite. Mais pour etre vraiment efficaces, ils doivent etre precis. Nous nous sommes interesses dans le cadre de cette these, menee en etroite collaboration avec le service de gynecologie obstetrique de l'hopital L'archet II de Nice, au developpement d'un logiciel de simulation d'operations chirurgicales realiste. Base sur la methode des elements finis, il prend en compte des lois de comportement hyperelastiques, supposees etre parmi les mieux adaptees pour decrire le comportement mecanique des tissus mous. Apres avoir mis en evidence des instabilites numeriques de notre code elements finis du fait de l'utilisation de ces lois, nous nous sommes interesses a un modele visco-hyperelastique. Ne cherchant pas en premiere approximation a rendre compte du comportement visqueux des organes, la part visqueuse de la loi de comportement a ete determinee de facon a etre suffisamment faible pour ne pas modifier le comportement global des tissus mais suffisamment grande pour eliminer les instabilites. Une methodologie d'identification par analyse inverse qui a necessite, outre la mise au point de notre code elements finis, le developpement d'essais mecaniques appropries, a ete appliquee a l'identification des parametres rheologiques d'un corps uterin et d'une trompe de Fallope. De facon a identifier le comportement des organes au plus pres de qu'il est in vivo, les essais experimentaux ont ete realises juste apres leur ablation, dans une salle contigue au bloc operatoire. Le developpement d'un module de decoupe, base sur la methode du "kill-element" nous a par ailleurs permis de simuler une suite d'operations chirurgicales elementaires allant de la stabilisation des organes, a l'aide de pinces chirurgicales, a leur decoupe a l'aide de ciseaux chirurgicaux, pour lesquels nous avons observe de bons resultats qualitatifs.
Subpopulations of Mouse Blood Monocytes Differ in Maturation Stage and Inflammatory Response1

Blood monocytes are well-characterized precursors for macrophages and dendritic cells. Subsets of human monocytes with differential representation in various disease states are well known. In contrast, mouse monocyte subsets have been characterized minimally. In this study we identify three subpopulations of mouse monocytes that can be distinguished by differential expression of Ly-6C, CD43, CD11c, MBR, and CD62L. The subsets share the characteristics of extensive phagocytosis, similar expression of M-CSF receptor (CD115), and development into macrophages upon M-CSF stimulation. By eliminating blood monocytes with dichloromethylene-bisphosphonate-loaded liposomes and monitoring their repopulation, we showed a developmental relationship between the subsets. Monocytes were maximally depleted 18 h after liposome application and subsequently reappeared in the circulation. These cells were exclusively of the Ly-6Chigh subset, resembling bone marrow monocytes. Serial flow cytometric analyses of newly released Ly-6Chigh monocytes showed that Ly-6C expression on these cells was down-regulated while in circulation. Under inflammatory conditions elicited either by acute infection with Listeria monocytogenes or chronic infection with Leishmania major, there was a significant increase in immature Ly-6Chigh monocytes, resembling the inflammatory left shift of granulocytes. In addition, acute peritoneal inflammation recruited preferentially Ly-6Cmed-high monocytes. Taken together, these data identify distinct subpopulations of mouse blood monocytes that differ in maturation stage and capacity to become recruited to inflammatory sites.
A design of HTM spatial pooler for face recognition using memristor-CMOS hybrid circuits

Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) is a machine learning algorithm that is inspired from the working principles of the neocortex, capable of learning, inference, and prediction for bit-encoded inputs. Spatial pooler is an integral part of HTM that is capable of learning and classifying visual data such as objects in images. In this paper, we propose a memristor-CMOS circuit design of spatial pooler and exploit memristors capabilities for emulating the synapses, where the strength of the weights is represented by the state of the memristor. The proposed design is validated on a challenging application of single image per person face recognition problem using AR database resulting in a recognition accuracy of 80%.
Relative antihypertensive and glomeruloprotective efficacies of enalapril and candesartan cilexetil in the remnant kidney model

The present studies were performed to investigate whether the differences described between the two modalities for interruption of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) and angiotensin AT 1receptor antagonists (AIIA) result in differences in renoprotective efficacy in the rat remnant kidney model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats with an initial body weight of 225—300 g, underwent 5/6 renal ablation and had radiotransmitters installed for radiotelemetric blood pressure (BP) measurements, owing to the known limitations of periodic tail-cuff BP measurements to adequately reflect ambient BP profiles. After renal ablation surgery, the rats received no treatment (n=10); enalapril (n=11) or candesartan (n=9) after the first week, both administered initially at a dose of 50 mg/l of drinking water (~10 mg/kg). However, the dose of candesartan had to be reduced to 10—25 mg/l in 4/9 rats to avoid excessive hypotension. Both enalapril and candesartan produced significant reductions in average systolic BP during the subsequent approximately six weeks of observations as compared with untreated rats (187±4 mmHg, p<0.001), but candesartan was significantly more effective at these relative doses (121±3 vs. 133±4 mmHg, p<0.05). At approximately seven weeks, serum creatinine and proteinuria were measured before sacrifice for morphologic assessment of percentage glomerulosclerosis (GS). Despite the described differences between ACE-I and AIIA after acute administration, the percentage GS was reduced similarly by enalapril (down to 6.8±2.8%) and candesartan (down to 2.9±1.5%) as compared with untreated rats (37.2±4.3%). Moreover, GS in individual animals paralleled the BP reductions achieved. Proteinuria was reduced in parallel to the decrease in % GS. These data indicate that, at least in the 5/6 renal ablation model, RAAS blockade by either ACE-I or AIIA provides protection by BPdependent rather than BP-independent mechanisms. This may reflect the primarily hypertensive pathogenesis of GS in this model, and the fact that hypertension is also very angiotensin II-dependent in this model. Thus, these data suggest that models other than the 5/6 ablation model may be more appropriate to demonstrate the BP-independent protective effects of RAAS blockade.