Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Random Digit Darling: The Telephone Turn in the American Social and Behavioral Sciences

Normal.dotm 0 0 1 185 1057 Queen's University 8 2 1298 12.0 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} cwrw1 Normal.dotm 0 0 2009-09-30T20:40:00Z 2009-09-30T16:32:00Z 1 185 1057 Queen's University 8 2 1298 12.256 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;} This experimental essay traces the rise of phone-based data collection within the American social and behavioral sciences over the last third of the twentieth century. Exploring aural cultures of surveillance and the eroticization of abstract data, the essay aims to disrupt the privileged status granted to optics within the field of Surveillance Studies-- particularly when it comes to questions of sex and sexualization. Written in the style of the scripts commonly used when conducting phone-based research, the essay positions you (the reader) as a staff interviewer collecting data for a fictional present-day study regarding modern sex practices. Today, the focus of your study is the curious case of 'databaters': a term used for the male masturbators who, as a means to elicit intimate information from unsuspecting call recipients, pretend to be social and behavioral scientists conducting exactly this sort of phone-based research. By the mid-1970s, databaters became one of the most common types of problem calls reported by American women. While the background information provided within your script might also reveal a persistent tradition of intimate transgressions within 'real' phone-based social and behavioral science, any such effect is entirely inadvertent.
Performance management practices in public sector organizations: Impact on performance

Purpose - The aim of this study is to investigate whether performance management practices affect performance in public sector organizations. Design/methodology/approach - Theoretically, the research project is based on economic as well as behavioral theories. The study distinguishes amongst quantitative performance (efficiency, quantities produced) and qualitative performance (accuracy, quality, innovation and employee morale) and uses survey data from 93 public sector organizations in the Netherlands. Findings - The research shows that the definition of clear and measurable goals is positively associated with quantity performance as well as quality performance. In addition, the use of incentives is positively associated with quantity performance yet not related to quality performance. Finally, the effects of performance management practices in public sector organizations are affected by institutional factors. The results suggest that the behavioral effects of performance management practices are as important as the economic effects in public sector organizations. Research limitations/implications - All limitations of survey research apply. The survey is based on public sector organizations in The Netherlands; findings may not be transferable to other countries. Practical implications - The joint introduction of performance management practices may provide an opportunity to increase quantity performance yet may have no impact on quality performance. Originality/value - The paper responds to previous calls in the literature to use quantitative research methods to generalize findings from previous case studies. Also, the paper empirically tests the impact of performance management practices on performance, an area that has attracted scarce research attention.
Analysing English metaphors of the economic crisis

Abstract - The present article reports the findings of an investigation into the metaphorical expressions adopted by English-language magazines to describe the latest economic/financial crisis. The corpus used for the investigation was about 100,000 words large, with texts taken from The Economist and from The International Economy . All the articles selected from these two magazines were published between Fall 2008 and Winter 2012. The main aim of the inquiry was to offer a more detailed and comprehensive classification of economic-crisis-metaphors than those proposed in previous research. In this respect, a total number of forty different types of such metaphors was identified. Alongside the theoretical classification, a quantitative analysis of the data was also carried out in order to find out which kinds of metaphorical expression are used most frequently. Results suggest that the economic/financial crisis is predominantly conceptualized in terms of something negative about a human being, about an object, and about a motion. In particular, viewing a state of economic/financial crisis as a damaged or destroyed object appears to be the most widely adopted metaphor. Results also suggest that different economics magazines can vary significantly in the amount of metaphorical language used. Keywords : metaphor, economic crisis, semantics, pragmatics, journalistic styles. Sommario – Questo articolo riporta i risultati di una ricerca sulle metafore adottate da riviste in lingua inglese per descrivere la recente crisi economica e finanziaria. Il corpus utilizzato per l’indagine e stato di circa 100.000 parole, con testi reperiti dal The Economist e dal The International Economy . Tutti gli articoli selezionati da queste due riviste sono stati pubblicati tra l’autunno 2008 e l’inverno 2012. Lo scopo principale dell’indagine e stato quello di fornire una classificazione delle metafore della crisi economica piu dettagliata ed esauriente di quelle proposte in ricerche precedenti. In questo senso sono stati individuati complessivamente quaranta differenti generi di metafora. Parallelamente a questa classificazione teorica e stata anche condotta un’analisi quantitativa dei dati nell’intento di individuare i tipi di espressione metaforica usati piu frequentemente. I risultati suggeriscono che la crisi economica finanziaria e prevalentemente pensata come qualcosa di negativo riguardante un essere umano, un oggetto e un movimento. In particolare, la metafora piu ricorrente sembra essere quella in cui lo stato di crisi economica viene riportato come un oggetto danneggiato o distrutto. I risultati indicano anche che riviste economiche differenti possono variare sensibilmente nella quantita di linguaggio metaforico utilizzato. Parole chiave : metafora; crisi economica; semantica; pragmatica; stili giornalistici.
Syndecan-3 is a dendritic cell-specific attachment receptor for HIV-1

Dendritic cells (DCs) efficiently capture HIV-1 and mediate transmission to T cells, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still being debated. The C-type lectin DC-SIGN is important in HIV-1 transmission by DCs. However, various studies strongly suggest that another HIV-1 receptor on DCs is involved in the capture of HIV-1. Here we have identified syndecan-3 as a major HIV-1 attachment receptor on DCs. Syndecan-3 is a DC-specific heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan that captures HIV-1 through interaction with the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. Syndecan-3 stabilizes the captured virus, enhances DC infection in cis, and promotes transmission to T cells. Removal of the HSs from the cell surface by heparinase III or by silencing syndecan-3 by siRNA partially inhibited HIV-1 transmission by immature DCs, whereas neutralizing both syndecan-3 and DC-SIGN completely abrogated HIV-1 capture and subsequent transmission. Thus, HIV-1 exploits both syndecan-3 and DC-SIGN to mediate HIV-1 transmission, and an effective microbicide should target both syndecan-3 and DC-SIGN on DCs to prevent transmission.
The Weight of a Guilty Conscience: Subjective Body Weight as an Embodiment of Guilt

Guilt is an important social and moral emotion. In addition to feeling unpleasant, guilt is metaphorically described as a “weight on one's conscience. ” Evidence from the field of embodied cognition suggests that abstract metaphors may be grounded in bodily experiences, but no prior research has examined the embodiment of guilt. Across four studies we examine whether i) unethical acts increase subjective experiences of weight, ii) feelings of guilt explain this effect, and iii) whether there are consequences of the weight of guilt. Studies 1–3 demonstrated that unethical acts led to more subjective body weight compared to control conditions. Studies 2 and 3 indicated that heightened feelings of guilt mediated the effect, whereas other negative emotions did not. Study 4 demonstrated a perceptual consequence. Specifically, an induction of guilt affected the perceived effort necessary to complete tasks that were physical in nature, compared to minimally physical tasks.
Perceptual multiview video coding based on foveated just noticeable distortion profile in DCT domain

Recently just noticeable distortion (JND) has been highly successful in improving the video coding efficiency. Foveated JND (FJND) is an extension of the JND by further exploiting the human vision characteristic. However, there is a challenge to quickly estimate the foveation point and accurately combine the foveation factor with the spatio-temporal JND model of DCT domain for FJND. In this paper, a new FJND model in DCT domain is proposed, which adaptively searches the foveation point by exploiting the property of image signature and builds a foveation model based on the contrast threshold. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposal model remarkably reduces the complexity of FJND in searching foveation. In a number of video coding experiments, we find that, in terms of coding efficiency, the proposed perceptual coding based on FJND for multiview video coding (MVC) significantly outperforms the existing algorithm.
Anthropology & mass communication : media and myth in the new millennium

Anthropological interest in mass communication and media has exploded in the last two decades, engaging and challenging the work on the media in mass communications, cultural studies, sociology and other disciplines. This is the first book to offer a systematic overview of the themes, topics and methodologies in the emerging dialogue between anthropologists studying mass communication and media analysts turning to ethnography and cultural analysis. Drawing on dozens of semiotic, ethnographic and cross-cultural studies of mass media, it offers new insights into the analysis of media texts, offers models for the ethnographic study of media productio and consumption, and suggests approaches for understanding media in the modern world system. Placing the anthropological study of mass media into historical and interdisciplinary perspectives, this book examines how work in cultural studies, sociology, mass communication and other disciplines has helped shape the re-emerging interest in media by anthropologists. A former Washington D.C. journalist, Mark Allan Peterson is currently Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. He has published numerous articles on American, South Asian and Middle Eastern media, and has taught courses on anthropological approaches to media t at he American University in Cairo, the University of Hamburg, and Georgetown University.
Focal Adhesion Kinase Is Required for Blood Vessel Morphogenesis

Abstract— The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a point of convergence for signals from extracellular matrix, soluble factors, and mechanical stimuli. Targeted disruption of the fak gene in mice leads to death at embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5). FAK−/− embryos have severely impaired blood vessel development. Gene expression and in vitro differentiation studies revealed that endothelial cell differentiation was comparable in FAK−/− and wild-type E8.5 embryos. We examined the role of FAK in blood vessel morphogenesis using an in vitro tubulogenesis assay and three different culture systems: FAK+/+ and FAK−/− embryoid bodies, FAK+/+ and FAK−/− endothelial cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells expressing antisense FAK, a dominant-negative fragment of FAK, or wild-type FAK. In all of these systems, endothelial cells deficient in FAK expression or function displayed a severely reduced ability to form tubules in Matrigel. These studies demonstrate clearly that the vascular defects in FAK−/− mice result from the inability of FAK-deficient endothelial cells to organize themselves into vascular networks, rather than from defects in tissue-specific differentiation.
Objective quality assessment for image retargeting based on perceptual distortion and information loss

Image retargeting techniques aim to obtain retargeted images with different sizes or aspect ratios for various display screens. Various content-aware image retargeting algorithms have been proposed recently. However, there is still no accurate objective metric for visual quality assessment of retargeted images. In this paper, we propose a novel objective metric for assessing visual quality of retargeted images based on perceptual geometric distortion and information loss. The proposed metric measures the geometric distortion of retargeted images by SIFT flow variation. Furthermore, a visual saliency map is derived to characterize human perception of the geometric distortion. On the other hand, the information loss in a retargeted image, which is calculated based on the saliency map, is integrated into the proposed metric. A user study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed metric. Experimental results show the consistency between the objective assessments from the proposed metric and subjective assessments.
A Practice/Research Collaborative

Abstract Effectively identifying and responding to the psychosocial problems and recidivism risk of arrested youths remain critical needs in the field. Centralized intake facilities, such as juvenile assessment centers (JACs), can play a key role in this process. As part of a U.S. National Demonstration Project, the Miami-Dade JAC, serving a socioculturally diverse population of 2.2 million, is partnering researchers and operational staff in the active reform of a functioning system. Critical to this effort was integrating psychometrically sound screening and assessment instruments into new procedures to comprehensively identify the needs of arrested youth. The NDP has developed a state-of-the-art protocol for screening, assessing and developing intervention plans for arrested youths processed at the JAC. The process utilizes a decision-tree model involving: (1) youths being screened separately for mental health or substance abuse problems and risk for recidivism, (2) administered, if needed, more in-depth instruments to identify psychosocial symptom profiles needing intervention and specific areas of recidivism risk needing supervision, and (3) the development of appropriate intervention and supervision monitoring plans. Initially created for diversion eligible youth entering the JAC, plans call for this protocol to be used for all arrested youths entering the facility. We discuss the process leading to the development of this protocol, and review in detail its component instruments and decision-making activities, with a view to: (1) assisting other centralized intake facilities in strengthening their ability to serve the needs of troubled youth, and (2) reducing the flow of these youth deeper into the justice system.
Influence of in vivo Formed Salivary Pellicle on Enamel Erosion

This study assessed the protective effect of the salivary pellicle formed in vivo during 24 h or 7 days against demineralization of bovine enamel caused by citric acid. In addition, the influence of acid treatment on the behavior of the pellicle was investigated. Enamel specimens with and without in vivo pellicles were immersed in citric acid (0.1, 1.0%) over 30, 60, and 300 s, and processed for scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as for measurement of surface microhardness (SMH). Specimens coated with the in vivo formed pellicles revealed less extensive erosive demineralization of the enamel surface compared to uncovered enamel specimens. SEM analysis and SMH results did not indicate distinct differences between erosive surface alterations on enamel slabs covered with 24–hour pellicles and on those covered with 7–day pellicles. TEM analysis showed that the pellicle layer was dissolved in part from the enamel surface due to acid exposure. However, pellicle residues could be detected by TEM in all specimens, even after 5–min exposure to 1.0% citric acid. It is concluded that the in vivo salivary pellicle can resist the acidic action to some extent and provides protection to the underlying enamel surface against erosive destruction caused by short–term action of citric acid.
Factors associated with persistent participation in an online diet intervention

In recent years, much work has been carried out in interface design and service quality in order to maximise user experience and sustain engagement. We are often unsure, however, what factors really influence user interactions with the technologies. Here we report on an ongoing examination of the relationships between user demographics, self reported attitudes, efficacy, and system feature, and participation on an online diet support site. Our findings indicate that not only the characteristics of the users themselves are associated with sustained engagement with a weight loss site, but also that usage of particular features on the site results in higher return rates. These findings support a push for designers to understand their users and features of their site, in order to maximise engagement with their target audiences.
Incidence and Mortality of Acute Kidney Injury after Myocardial Infarction: A Comparison between KDIGO and RIFLE Criteria

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) increases the risk of death after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Recently, a new AKI definition was proposed by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) organization. The aim of the current study was to compare the incidence and the early and late mortality of AKI diagnosed by RIFLE and KDIGO criteria in the first 7 days of hospitalization due to an AMI. Methods and Results In total, 1,050 AMI patients were prospectively studied. AKI defined by RIFLE and KDIGO occurred in 14.8% and 36.6% of patients, respectively. By applying multivariate Cox analysis, AKI was associated with an increased adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) for 30-day death of 3.51 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.35–5.25, p<0.001) by RIFLE and 3.99 (CI 2.59–6.15, p<0.001) by KDIGO and with an AHR for 1-year mortality of 1.84 (CI 1.12–3.01, p = 0.016) by RIFLE and 2.43 (CI 1.62–3.62, p<0.001) by KDIGO. The subgroup of patients diagnosed as non-AKI by RIFLE but as AKI by KDIGO criteria had also an increased AHR for death of 2.55 (1.52–4.28) at 30 days and 2.28 (CI 1.46–3.54) at 1 year (p<0.001). Conclusions KDIGO criteria detected substantially more AKI patients than RIFLE among AMI patients. Patients diagnosed as AKI by KDIGO but not RIFLE criteria had a significantly higher early and late mortality. In this study KDIGO criteria were more suitable for AKI diagnosis in AMI patients than RIFLE criteria.
Politeness strategies and the attribution of intentions: The case of Tzeltal irony

In this chapter I want to take up the idea that human thinking is systematically biased in the direction of interactive thinking (E. Goody's anticipatory interactive planning, or AIP), that humans are peculiarly good at, and inordinately prone to, attributing intentions and goals to one another (as well as to non-humans), and that they routinely orient to presumptions about each other's intentions in what they say and do. I want to explore the implications of that idea for an understanding of politeness in interaction. I shall take as a starting point the Brown and Levinson model of politeness, which assumes interactive thinking, a notion implicit in the formulation of politeness as strategic orientation to face. Brown and Levinson (1978, 1987) have proposed a model of politeness wherein human actors are endowed with two essential attributes: face and rationality. We claim that face consists of two specific kinds of wants: positive face (i.e., the desire to be approved of, admired, liked, validated), and negative face (the desire to be unimpeded in one's actions). The second ingredient in our model is rationality, the ability to reason from communicative goals to linguistic means that would achieve those goals. From these two assumptions – face and rationality – and the assumption that speakers universally mutually know that all speakers have these attributes, we developed a model of how speakers construct polite utterances in different contexts on the basis of assessments of three social factors: the relative power (P) of speaker and addressee, their social distance (D), and the intrinsic ranking (R) of the face-threateningness of an imposition.
Radix-based digital calibration techniques for multi-stage recycling pipelined ADCs

This work describes a digital-domain self-calibration technique for multistage pipelined analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). By making the signal paths of both the input and the reference voltage the same, all error factors within a stage are merged into a single term which represents the equivalent radix number. The initially estimated radix for each stage mathematically iterates to the final correct value via an incremental update algorithm, after foreground calibration measurements are obtained during ADCs recycling mode of operation. In this way, an accurate calibration is achieved using a modified radix-based calculation. Two different single-bit-per-stage ADC adaptation/calibration methods are presented as examples. The proposed technique compensates for linear errors such as capacitor mismatches as well as finite opamp gain.