Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenicity of Macrolide Antibiotics in Cultured Rat Embryos

Macrolides are considered to be one of the safest anti‐infective groups in clinical use, with severe adverse reactions being rare. However, there are limited data about their embryotoxicity and teratogenicity. We aimed to investigate and compare the effects of these agents on embryonic growth and development. Rat embryos were cultured in vitro for 48 h in rat serum. Whole rat serum was used as a culture medium for the control group while different concentrations of spiramycin and azithromycin (1.25–6.25 μg/ml), and clarithromycin (2.5–30 μg/ml) were added to rat serum for the experimental groups. Dose‐dependent effects of macrolides on embryonic developmental parameters were compared using morphological methods. Embryos were evaluated for the presence of any malformations. After morphological examination of the embryos, total DNA was extracted from the cells using standard procedures to determine fragmentation of nuclear DNA of embryonic cells. When compared with the control embryos, the macrolides significantly decreased all growth and developmental parameters dose dependently. While clarithromycin was found to cause more developmental toxicity than spiramycin and azithromycin, azitromycin was determined to have more teratogenicity potential. Compared with controls, there was no difference regarding the fragmentation of nuclear DNA of all the agents used. According to these results, when the toxic and teratogenic potential of the used agents compared, because of the lower toxic and teratogenic effects observed with spiramycin, this agent may be preferred for parturients.
Biogeosciences Preface “ Earth observation for land – atmosphere interaction science ”

D. Fernández-Prieto1, J. Kesselmeier 2, M. Ellis3, M. Marconcini 4, A. Reissell 5, and T. Suni5 1European Space Agency, ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei, 00044, Frascati, Italy 2Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1 55128 Mainz 3BGS Science Programme, UK 4Deutsches Zentrum f ür Luftund Raumfahrt (DLR), German Aerospace Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany 5iLEAPS International Project Office (iLEAPS IPO), Department of Physics, P.O. Box 48, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
Discovery and evaluation of triple inhibitors of VEGFR-2, TIE-2 and EphB4 as anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer agents

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), especially VEGFR-2, TIE-2, and EphB4, play a crucial role in both angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Moreover, complexity and heterogeneity of angiogenesis make it difficult to treat such pathological traits with single-target agents. Herein, we developed two classes of multi-target RTK inhibitors (RTKIs) based on the highly conserved ATP-binding pocket of VEGFR-2/TIE-2/EphB4, using previously reported BPS-7 as a lead compound. These multi-target RTKIs exhibited considerable potential as novel anti-angiogenic and anticancer agents. Among them, QDAU5 displayed the most promising potency and selectivity. It significantly suppressed viability of EA.hy926 and proliferation of several cancer cells. Further investigations indicated that QDAU5 showed high affinity to VEGFR-2 and reduced the phosphorylation of VEGFR-2. We identified QDAU5 as a potent multiple RTKs inhibitor exhibiting prominent anti-angiogenic and anticancer potency both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, quinazolin-4(3H)-one has been identified as an excellent hinge binding moiety for multi-target inhibitors of angiogenic VEGFR-2, Tie-2, and EphB4.
Survival Tactics: The Top 11 Behaviors of Successful Entrepreneurs

By any measure, the movement toward entrepreneurship is increasing each year; data from the Small Business Administration indicates that there are over 5 million small businesses in operation in the United States. And while many resources provide practical information to guide the entrepreneur or small business owner through the challenges of establishing, managing, and growing their business, few tackle the more personal side of entrepreneurship in a rigorous fashion. According to a recent Gallup poll, seven out of ten high school students report that they want to start and run their own business. Every year, five million Americans launch their own ventures, according to the Small Business Administration. By any measure, the movement toward entrepreneurship is increasing each year. While many resources provide practical information to guide the entrepreneur or small business owner through the challenges of establishing, managing, and growing their business, few tackle the more personal side of entrepreneurship in a rigorous fashion. As Ted Sun argues, countless people are entering entrepreneurship in one form or another. Most have no clue how to be one.
Practical Pinch Detection Algorithm for Smart Automotive Power Window Control Systems

An improved pinch detection algorithm is proposed for low-cost antipinch window control systems. Apart from previous works, the proposed algorithm makes use of torque rate information to sense pinched conditions and to perform safety precautions. The motivation for this approach comes from the idea that the torque rate is less sensitive to motor parameter uncertainty than the torque or the angular velocity. The pinch estimator is designed by applying steady-state Kalman filter recursion to the augmented system model which includes the motor dynamics model and an additional torque rate state. The external torque rate is estimated using angular velocity measurements calculated from the Hall sensor output. A systematic way to set a reasonable threshold of the torque rate estimates under pinched conditions is suggested through deterministic estimation error analysis. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is able to prevent performance degradation due to the empirical threshold level as well as due to motor parameter variations. Experimental results show that our method satisfies EU legal requirements and guarantees robustness against parametric uncertainties.
Biomarkers for early detection of sickle nephropathy

Renal complications affect nearly 30–50% of adults with sickle cell anemia (SCA), causing significant morbidity and mortality. Standard renal function tests like serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate become abnormal in this disease only when renal damage has become extensive and largely irreversible. Moreover, not all patients develop sickle nephropathy (SN). Therefore, noninvasive biomarkers that predict early onset of SN are necessary. We performed a cross‐sectional analysis for nephropathy in 116 patients with sickle cell disease, analyzing urinary kidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1), liver‐type fatty acid binding protein (L‐FABP), N‐acetyl‐b‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG), neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β), together with conventional renal biomarkers (urine albumin and osmolality, and serum creatinine and cystatin C estimated GFR) during routine clinic visits when patients were at steady‐state/baseline. We observed a distinct biomarker pattern: KIM‐1 and NAG emerged as biomarkers with a strong association with albuminuria. Surprisingly, and in contrast to other acute/chronic renal disorders, NGAL, L‐FABP, and TGF‐β levels did not show any relationship with albuminuria in patients with SCA. Our study identifies potential biomarkers for SN, and suggests longitudinal validation of these biomarkers for early detection of SN, so that therapeutic interventions can be applied before renal damage becomes irreversible. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A standardized psychiatric interview for use in community surveys.

Surveys of psychiatric illness in the community are at present handicapped by the lack of valid and reliable methods of case-identification. The widely varying estimates of psychiatric prevalence made by different workers in this field (Lin and Standley, 1962) emphasize the urgent need for such tech niques, which could be used both in field surveys and in the screening of general practice populations. In large-scale psychiatric surveys, the use of a two-stage screening procedure is desirable and may, indeed, be essential for economic reasons. The first stage entails the selection of possible or 'potential' cases by means of a rapid and simply administered screening test; the second comprises detailed clinical examination of such potential cases in order that they may be confirmed as actual cases (Blum, 1962) and given an accurate diagnostic assessment. The present paper is concerned only with the second of these stages, namely, the development of a standard ized psychiatric interview and rating technique suitable for application to potential cases in a com munity setting. A number of standardized psychiatric interviews, including some which are highly reliable, have been developed in recent years, but for various reasons all are unsuitable for field surveys. In the United States, Lorr, Klett, and McNair (1963) have de scribed an assessment based on the Inpatient Multi dimensional Psychiatric Scale (IMPS), and Overall and Gorham (1962) have used a psychiatric assess ment derived from a shortened version of the Lorr scale; both these scales heavily emphasize psychotic phenomena which are relatively uncommon in the general population. The interview described by Spitzer, Fleiss, Burdock, and Hardesty (1964), although in some ways more suitable, is still in sufficiently flexible and contains many items which would make it unacceptable to normal individuals. In this country, Wing, Birley, Cooper, Graham, and Isaacs (1967) and Kendell, Everitt, Cooper, Sar torius, and David (1968) have published accounts of the 'Present State Examination' which has been designed primarily for use in international studies. This very comprehensive 500-item schedule was designed for administration to known psychiatric patients and again does not readily lend itself in its present form for use in community surveys. With these considerations in mind, a standardized psychiatric interview has been constructed to meet the following requirements: (1) Psychiatric assessment should be made by an experienced psychiatrist in a realistic ciinical setting; (2) The interview should be acceptable to indi viduals who may not see themselves as psychiatrically disturbed; (3) The content of the interview should be appro priate to the types of psychiatric disturbance com monly encountered in the community; (4) The interview should generate information about individual symptoms and signs of illness as well as an overall diagnostic assessment;
Effect of Application of Increasing Concentrations of Contaminated Water on the Different Fractions of Cu and Co in Sandy Loam and Clay Loam Soils

This study aimed to establish the fate of copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) in sandy loam and clay loam soils that had been irrigated with increasing concentrations of contaminated water. A sequential extraction procedure was used to determine the fractions of Cu and Co in these soils. The concentration of bioavailable Cu and Co on clay loam was 1.7 times that of sandy loam soil. Cu on sandy loam soil was largely in the organic > residual > exchangeable > water-soluble > carbonate fractions, whereas on clay loam soil the element was largely in organic > exchangeable > residual > carbonate > water-soluble fractions. Co was largely observed in the exchangeable, water-soluble, and carbonate fractions, but with no particular trend observed in both soil types. When crops are grown on sandy soils that have a low capacity to hold heavy metals, the resulting effect would be high uptake of the heavy metals in crop plants. Because the predominant forms of Cu and Co vary in soils, it is expected that the metals will behave differently in the soils.
Effects of various storage methods on the quality and nutritional composition of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) in Yola Nigeria

The effects of five different storage methods on the quality and nutritional composition of sweet potatoes was studied between December 2006 and May 2007 at Federal University of Technology Yola using randomized complete block design. The methods used for the study are modifications of existing methods that are used in Nigeria and elsewhere to suit local climatic conditions. Pits of 50X50X70 cm were dug and storage conditions varied. In each case 20 kg of freshly harvested and cured potatoes were stored. The samples were analyzed for moisture, protein, starch, and vitamins A and C before storage. Data were collected every month for five months on percent weight loss, sprouting, spoilage and other physiological changes. The samples were again analyzed for moisture, protein, starch, Vitamins A and C at the end of the five months storage period. Data collected were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS version 9.2 and means that were significant were separated using LSD method. Results showed significant differences among the various treatments. It was concluded that two storage methods moist sawdust in wooden box and pit storage with layer of river sand have good potentials for storage of sweet potatoes in Yola for up to five months without serious change in nutrient content and could therefore be recommended to farmers.
The Psychology of Play

For everybody, if you want to start joining with others to read a book, this the psychology of play is much recommended. And you need to get the book here, in the link download that we provide. Why should be here? If you want other kind of books, you will always find them. Economics, politics, social, sciences, religions, Fictions, and more books are supplied. These available books are in the soft files.
A Variation Anatomy of Mandibular Canine with Successful Endodontic Management

Knowledge of development of the teeth and their natural anatomy is applicable to clinical practice, especially during root canal therapy. Although endodontic treatment of mandibular canine generally offers no difficulties, it is advisable to always be aware of the possibility of variations in its internal anatomy. Mandibular canines are recognized as usually monoradicular i.e., single rooted, in most of the cases although approximately 15% may have two canals. Further the incidences of two rooted canine with two root canals is as low as 1.7%. This article presents a case of mandibular canine having two roots with two canals and its successful endodontic management.
Central Bank Liquidity During the Financial Market and Economic Crisis: Observations, Thoughts and Questions

The paper concentrates on illustrating and assessing central banks liquidity operations during the crisis that started in August 2007. In addition to the ECB, the central banks of Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, Canada and the United States are analyzed. During the crisis the liquidity operations of central banks have converged. In many cases, central bank balance sheets have undergone extremely strong growth. The actions by central banks raise a number of questions concerning exit from the measures taken, the impact of the measures, central banks risks and their governance structure
Integrated Approach to Software Defect Prediction

Software defect prediction provides actionable outputs to software teams while contributing to industrial success. Empirical studies have been conducted on software defect prediction for both cross-project and within-project defect prediction. However, existing studies have yet to demonstrate a method of predicting the number of defects in an upcoming product release. This paper presents such a method using predictor variables derived from the defect acceleration, namely, the defect density, defect velocity, and defect introduction time, and determines the correlation of each predictor variable with the number of defects. We report the application of an integrated machine learning approach based on regression models constructed from these predictor variables. An experiment was conducted on ten different data sets collected from the PROMISE repository, containing 22 838 instances. The regression model constructed as a function of the average defect velocity achieved an adjusted R-square of 98.6%, with a $p$ -value of < 0.001. The average defect velocity is strongly positively correlated with the number of defects, with a correlation coefficient of 0.98. Thus, it is demonstrated that this technique can provide a blueprint for program testing to enhance the effectiveness of software development activities.
6S RNA in Rhodobacter sphaeroides: 6S RNA and pRNA transcript levels peak in late exponential phase and gene deletion causes a high salt stress phenotype

ABSTRACT The function of 6S RNA, a global regulator of transcription, was studied in the photosynthetic α-proteobacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The cellular levels of R. sphaeroides 6S RNA peak toward the transition to stationary phase and strongly decrease during extended stationary phase. The synthesis of so-called product RNA transcripts (mainly 12–16-mers) on 6S RNA as template by RNA polymerase was found to be highest in late exponential phase. Product RNA ≥ 13-mers are expected to trigger the dissociation of 6S RNA:RNA polymerase complexes. A 6S RNA deletion in R. sphaeroides had no impact on growth under various metabolic and oxidative stress conditions (with the possible exception of tert-butyl hydroperoxide stress). However, the 6S RNA knockout resulted in a robust growth defect under high salt stress (0.25 M NaCl). Remarkably, the sspA gene encoding the putative salt stress-induced membrane protein SspA and located immediately downstream of the 6S RNA (ssrS) gene on the antisense strand was expressed at elevated levels in the ΔssrS strain when grown in the presence of 250 mM NaCl.
A Simple Theory of Multinational Corporations and Trade with a Trade-Off between Proximity and Concentration

This paper develops a two-sector, two-country model, where firms in a differentiated products sector choose between exporting and multinational expansion as alternative modes of foreign market penetration, based on a trade-off between proximity and concentration advantages. The differentiated sector is characterized by multi-stage production, with increasing returns at the corporate level associated with some activity such as R&D, scale economies at the plant level, and a variable transport cost that rises with distance. A pure multinational equilibrium, where two-way horizontal expansion across borders completely supplants two-way trade in differentiated products, is possible even in the absence of factor proportion differences. It is more likely the greater are transport costs relative to fixed plant costs, and the greater are increasing returns at the corporate level relative to the plant level. The model also establishes conditions for a mixed equilibrium, in which national and multinational firms coexist.
Trapping induced parasitic effects in GaN-HEMT for power switching applications

This paper summarizes our recent results on the analysis of the trapping-induced parasitic effects in GaN-based high electron mobility transistors for power switching applications. More specifically, we demonstrate the following relevant mechanisms: (i) dynamic Ron shows a significant increase when the devices are operated at high temperature levels; this effect is ascribed to a stronger trapping in the buffer region; (ii) the kinetics of buffer-related trapping processes can be effectively investigated by means of backgating tests, carried out at various temperature levels; (iii) buffer trapping is strongly correlated to drain-buffer vertical leakage. The reduction of vertical leakage is an important step towards the reduction of high temperature dynamic Ron. Finally, we demonstrate that by proper epitaxial design and device optimization it is possible to fabricate devices with very low dynamic Ron (measured at 150 °C, VDS=500 V).
CMOS UWB IR Non-Coherent Receiver for RF-ID Applications

Ultra wide band impulse-radio (UWB-IR) brings the opportunity of increased bitrates in RFID systems. This paper presents the implementation of a CMOS non-coherent UWB impulse receiver targeted for readers in RFID applications. The receiver consists of an RF-front-end and an on-off keying (OOK) 10 Mbps demodulator, which is implemented using a 0.18mum CMOS process. The receiver works for 3.1GHz-5GHz, has a sensitivity of -70dBm, and consumes 31mW from a 1.8V supply
The application of SaaS model in network education-take google apps for example

With the continuous development of information technology, learners have acquired knowledge through the network which has become an important way to study. What is more, the curriculum management systems based on network also emerge in endlessly. SaaS, as a popular software and service mode, has been successfully applied to the enterprise. Through analysis of the characteristics of SaaS and taking the Google Apps as an example, this paper expounds the feasibility and characteristics of applying SaaS service to education.
Adult coeliac disease

A clinical, biochemical, and pathological study is recorded of 50 patients in whom a diagnosis of idiopathic steatorrhea had been made and who had `flat' jejunal biopsies. It is suggested that there is an underlying constitutional defect, not yet clearly defined, and that possibly secondary intestinal infection allows the intestinal mucosa to become sensitized to substances in the diet. Of these gluten is the commonest; milk adversely affects others; and there may be other factors.
A Case Study on the Role of the Finnish Defence Forces in the Transport Sector

Abstract The purpose of this research is to study the significance of buyers for the transport sector, and in this particular case, the role of the Finnish Defence Forces. The theoretical model is tested with survey data (N = 460) collected from Finnish transport operators that do business with the Finnish Defence Forces. The data is analysed using structural equation modelling. Analyses reveal that the military forces are an important actor in the transport sector in Finland. Firstly, the military forces buy a lot of logistics services and secondly, the military forces train a significant amount of what are considered skilful truck drivers. Furthermore, seeing as there are some elements of economic protectionism in the military forces’ buying behaviour, the military forces are an excellent context in which to study loyalty and partnership in business relationships. The military forces can, for instance, improve operator satisfaction with the transport sector and help domestic hauliers compete against cabotage operations, and in doing so, also improve the military forces’ capability to maintain security of supply.
Sharing Knowledge between the Peers of a Winery Network: The Case of Wine Routes in Northern Greece

It is widely accepted that effective knowledge management is an imperative factor for Destination Management Organizations and more especially Winery Networks. Although the importance of knowledge transfer has been acknowledged and thoroughly studied by scientists since the last quarter of the 20th century, tacit knowledge received less attention owing to the fact that it is very difficult to be codified and transferred. In this research paper we acknowledge the importance of knowledge transfer and we focus on the less attended and studied form of knowledge; the Tacit one, which according to many researchers is almost impossible to transfer. Towards this framework, we argue that tacit knowledge transfer could be facilitated through the use of customized rules and routines, based on Fuzzy Logic Rules. For that reason we contacted a research among wineries, in Northern Greece, examining the correlation extent among the factors that influence the knowledge transfer mechanism. The data extracted from the 37 interviews, well analyzed using the method of Factor Analysis and the most important subfactors were furthermore tested through multiple regression analysis method. The main findings of the research proved that fuzzy logic rules development will highly increase the levels of trust between the peers of the network.