Study of Coprinus cinereus with the aid of Carica papaya (Peel) as a substrate for the production of higher yield Bioethanol by RNA Interference

Over the last few years, the undesirable impacts of fossil fuel on the environment and resulting global warming, progressive demand for energy, inevitable reduction of the world‘s energy supply, and the unstable oil market (such as the energy crisis of the 1970s) have renewed the interest of society in searching for substitute fuels. Ethanol as a neat fuel or uniform in the blended form with gasoline has a long history as automotive fuel. Microorganisms play an important role in production of ethanol from renewable resources and thus, selection of suitable strain is essential for separate process. Adding onto this for the production of bioethanol microorganisms play a key role and till date number of species are being used for the process to be carried but still there are some of the species that are yet to be explored, one of this comes under the phylum Basidiomycota as Coprinus cinereus. for the higher production of bioethanol gene silencing technology was used so as to focus onto one of desired pathway for the project since once RNA interference was applied the microbe was subjected to the only pathway which was required and the utilization of carbohydrate in some other pathway was blocked. Introduction At the beginning of the 20th century, many industrial materials such as dyes, solvents, and synthetic fibers were prepared from trees and agricultural crops. By the late 1960s, however, many of these bio-based chemical products were swapped by petroleum byproducts which could be produced at lower cost [1, 2]. Bioethanol is being widely investigated as a renewable fuel source because in several respects it is superior to gasoline fuel. Ethanol delivers energy that is renewable and less carbon concentrated than oil [3]. Production of fuel ethanol from biomass seem like to be an interesting alternative to traditional fossil fuel, which can be applied as a sole fuel in cars with loyal engines or in fuel blends. Ethanol is presently produced from sugars, starches and cellulosic materials. Cellulosic resources obtained from wood and agricultural residuals, municipal solid wastes and energy crops signify the most abundant global source of biomass [4] . Ethanol as a neat fuel or uniform in the blended form with gasoline has a long history as automotive fuel. As long as global demand for energy continues to grow, oil prices are not likely to decrease. Consequently, the demand for a renewable and environmentally benign fuel will rise. Microorganisms play an important role in production of ethanol from renewable resources and thus, selection of suitable strain is essential for separate process. Ethanol production is much more challenging and difficult when lignocellulosic and/or cellulosic materials are to be used as raw materials. However, the most frequently used microbe has been yeast and among the yeasts, S. cerevisiae which can tolerate ethanol concentration as high as ca. 20% of fermentation medium is the favored strain [5]. Coprinus cinereus S. F. Gray is a coprophilous heterothallic basidiomycete of the Agaricaceae, which grows on horse dung as the natural Substrate. C. cinereus is commonly known as an ink cap [6]. Adding onto this for the production of bioethanol micro-organisms play a key role and till date number of species are being used for the process to be carried but still there are some of the species that are yet to be explored, one of this comes under the phylum basidiomycota as Coprinus cinereus. The major reason to go for this strain was that it lacks the production of lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase and it can very well grow in the laboratory conditions as its life cycle was short. Method and Materials FUNGIpath TOOL FUNGIpath [7] has been designed as a user-friendly website. FUNGIpath further allows the conservation of pathways among different fungi to be checked and visualized. This can be done at the level of a particular step (corresponding to a defined EC number) either in a pathway or by considering all the steps of a complete pathway. FUNGIpath appears to be a useful and innovative tool for helping to resolve some artifact pathway holes. FUNGIpath appears to be a reliable tool for the analysis of fungal metabolism. Coprinus cinereus (422) Strain Coprinus cinereus was obtained from the Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank (MTCC). Fungal Strain and Growth Media Preparation DOI 10.29042/2017-849-861