Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical Modeling of Positron Emission Tomography Images in Wavelet Space

A new method is introduced for the analysis of multiple studies measured with emission tomography. Traditional models of statistical analysis (ANOVA, ANCOVA and other linear models) are applied not directly on images but on their correspondent wavelet transforms. Maps of model effects estimated from these models are filtered using a thresholding procedure based on a simple Bonferroni correction and then reconstructed. This procedure inherently represents a complete modeling approach and therefore obtains estimates of the effects of interest (condition effect, difference between conditions, covariate of interest, and so on) under the specified statistical risk. By performing the statistical modeling step in wavelet space, the procedure allows the direct estimation of the error for each wavelet coefficient; hence, the local noise characteristics are accounted for in the subsequent filtering. The method was validated by use of a null dataset and then applied to typical examples of neuroimaging studies to highlight conceptual and practical differences from existing statistical parametric mapping approaches.
"Situation" versus "Frame": The "Interactionist" and the "Structuralist" Analyses of Everyday Life

"Situation" and 'frame," the elementary units of analysis of two versions of micro-sociology, are compared in order to elucidate the currently existing, but (as such) barely recognized, interactionist and structuralist approaches that they represent and to demonstrate that they contain widely divergent understandings of everyday life. After certain of the notions that underlie each of them are made clear, the contrasting positions of these two approaches are reviewed with respect to common issues, including the nature of the self, the place of meanings and subjectivity in analysis, and what are appropriate research methods. These considerations provide the basis for a general interpretation of Goffman's work, something the sociological literature has lacked. Though Goffman is most often treated as a symbolic interactionist, this paper argues that a better understanding of his work results from reading it as a version of contemporary structuralism. The fundamental ways in which his structuralism is distinct from the cultural (as well as the interactionist) approach also are given.
Buprofezin Is Metabolized by CYP353D1v2, a Cytochrome P450 Associated with Imidacloprid Resistance in Laodelphax striatellus

CYP353D1v2 is a cytochrome P450 related to imidacloprid resistance in Laodelphax striatellus. This work was conducted to examine the ability of CYP353D1v2 to metabolize other insecticides. Carbon monoxide difference spectra analysis indicates that CYP353D1v2 was successfully expressed in insect cell Sf9. The catalytic activity of CYP353D1v2 relating to degrading buprofezin, chlorpyrifos, and deltamethrin was tested by measuring substrate depletion and analyzing the formation of metabolites. The results showed the nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent depletion of buprofezin (eluting at 8.7 min) and parallel formation of an unknown metabolite (eluting 9.5 min). However, CYP353D1v2 is unable to metabolize deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos. The recombinant CYP353D1v2 protein efficiently catalyzed the model substrate p-nitroanisole with a maximum velocity of 9.24 nmol/min/mg of protein and a Michaelis constant of Km = 6.21 µM. In addition, imidacloprid was metabolized in vitro by the recombinant CYP353D1v2 microsomes (catalytic constant Kcat) 0.064 pmol/min/pmol P450, Km = 6.41 µM. The mass spectrum of UPLC-MS analysis shows that the metabolite was a product of buprofezin, which was buprofezin sulfone. This result provided direct evidence that L. striatellus cytochrome P450 CYP353D1v2 is capable of metabolizing imidacloprid and buprofezin.
Multiple share images using random grids and XOR-Based visual cryptography

Visual Cryptography is a special type of secret sharing deterministic and random grid visual cryptography The XOR – based visual cryptography (VC) is a possible methodology to work out on the poor visual quality without darkening the background. This paper focus on some technique as , Extended visual cryptography scheme (EVCS) for general assess structures, RG-based visual secret scheme (VSS), Adaptive region incrementing XORbased VC ,Compared relation in deterministic and random visual cryptography and XOR based visual cryptography. The new scheme propose for multiple share image using XOR and random grids is proposed which will encrypt and decrypt algorithm by secrete images recovered quality improvement Keyword: Visual secret sharing, visual cryptography, meaningful share, XOR visual quality
A Morphological Image Preprocessing Suite for OCR on Natural Scene Images

As demand grows for mobile applications, research in optical character recognition (OCR), a technology well-developed for document imaging, is shifting focus to the recognition of text embedded in digital photographs or video. Segmenting text and background in natural scenes is a difficult classification problem, and the accuracy of this segmentation is of utmost importance when the output of an OCR system will be transformed as in translation or speech synthesis. Our work proposes an image preprocessing suite that, through text detection, auto-rotation, and noise reduction, improves the accuracy of OCR analysis in a camera-based translation system. Our novel approaches for foreground/background detection and skew estimation using morphological edge analysis show immediate improvement in OCR accuracy, and our experimental classification of text regions using unsupervised feature-based clustering provides a good background for future research in applying signal processing and machine learning techniques to the problem of text detection.
Representing Both First- and Second-order Uncertainties by Monte Carlo Simulation for Groups of Patients

Actual implementation of probabilistic sensitivity analysis may lead to misleading or improper conclusions when it is applied to groups of patients rather than individual patients. The practice of combining first- and second-order simulations when modeling the outcome for a group of more than one patient yields an erroneous marginal distribution whenever the parameter values are randomly sampled for each patient while the results are presented as simulated means for the group of patients. This practice results in underrepresenting the second-order uncertainty. It may also distort the shape (especially the symmetry or extent of the tails) in the simulated distribution. As a result, it may lead to premature or incorrect conclusions of superiority. It may also result in inappropriate estimates of the value of further research to inform parameter values. Key words: Simulation; probabilistic sensitivity analysis; Monte Carlo; confidence interval ; cost-effectiveness; implementation. (Med Decis Making 2000;20:314-322)
Evaluation of Context-Dependent Phrasal Translation Lexicons for Statistical Machine Translation

We present new direct data analysis showing that dynamically-built context-dependent phrasal translation lexicons are more useful resources for phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT) than conventional static phrasal translation lexicons, which ignore all contextual information. After several years of surprising negative results, recent work suggests that context-dependent phrasal translation lexicons are an appropriate framework to successfully incorporate Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) modeling into SMT. However, this approach has so far only been evaluated using automatic translation quality metrics, which are important, but aggregate many different factors. A direct analysis is still needed to understand how context-dependent phrasal translation lexicons impact translation quality, and whether the additional complexity they introduce is really necessary. In this paper, we focus on the impact of context-dependent translation lexicons on lexical choice in phrase-based SMT and show that context-dependent lexicons are more useful to a phrase-based SMT system than a conventional lexicon. A typical phrase-based SMT system makes use of more and longer phrases with context modeling, including phrases that were not seen very frequently in training. Even when the segmentation is identical, the context-dependent lexicons yield translations that match references more often than conventional lexicons.
Users' guide to the surgical literature. How to assess a randomized controlled trial in surgery.

Clinicians are presented with problems that require evidence. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the optimal study design for evaluating the effect of a new medical or surgical intervention. Surgical RCTs are carried out less often than RCTs of medical interventions, partly because using RCTs to evaluate surgical or interventional procedures is difficult and demands special consideration of issues such as blinding and the effects of surgeon factor, learning curve and differences in preor postprocedural care. Despite these obstacles, RCTs are becoming more common as surgeons in many specialties become acquainted with the proper methodology for health research. The mere description of a study as “randomized” does not allow clinicians to infer validity — to base inferences on the accuracy of the results drawn from the sample of patients studied (internal validity) or the generalizability of these results to other settings (external validity). The purpose of this article is to review, within a framework of a critical appraisal of surgical RCTs, strategies to interpret the results and the issues to consider when applying these results to a clinical practice setting. A clinical scenario will be used to illustrate how surgeons might retrieve and evaluate evidence.
OSIRIS: a tool for retrieving literature about sequence variants

UNLABELLED Sequence variants, in particular single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are key elements for the identification of genes associated with complex diseases and with particular drug responses. The search for literature about sequence variation is hampered by the large number of allelic variants reported for many genes and by the variability in both gene and sequence variants nomenclatures. We describe OSIRIS, a search tool that integrates different sources of information with the aim to retrieve literature about sequence variation of a gene. In addition, it provides a method to link a dbSNP entry with the articles referring to it. AVAILABILITY OSIRIS is available for public use at http://ibi.imim. es/
Prevalence of mental and social disorders in adults attending primary care centers in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

AIM To determine the prevalence of mental and social disorders in adults who attend primary care health centers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. METHODS Sixty-nine family physicians from the Primary Care Research Network in Bosnia and Herzegovina each invited 20 randomly selected patients from their practices to complete the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), which consists of 26-58 questions about symptoms and signs of depression, anxiety, somatization disorder, eating disorders, and alcoholism. A total of 1574 patients were invited to participate in the study. Physicians reviewed the PHQ and calculated the final score, which determined a provisional diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis was determined by further questioning and clinical knowledge of the patient. Data collection was performed between November 2003 and January 2004. Lists of non-participants were maintained by the physicians. RESULTS The response rate was 82%. Of 1285 respondents, 61% were women. At least one type of mental or social disorder was found in 26% of the respondents, and 12% had more than one disorder. Somatization disorder, major depression syndrome, and panic syndrome were experienced by 16%, 10%, and 14% of respondents, respectively, while 5% or less were suffering from eating disorders or alcohol abuse. More women than men had somatization disorder, panic syndrome, and binge eating disorder, while more men than women reported alcohol abuse. CONCLUSION More than one-quarter of all adults who attended family medicine centers in Bosnia and Herzegovina presented with at least one type of mental or social disturbance. New health policies, strengthened professional training, and accessible support networks need to be developed throughout the country.
Type IV secretion systems: tools of bacterial horizontal gene transfer and virulence

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are multisubunit cell‐envelope‐spanning structures, ancestrally related to bacterial conjugation machines, which transfer proteins and nucleoprotein complexes across membranes. T4SSs mediate horizontal gene transfer, thus contributing to genome plasticity and the evolution of pathogens through dissemination of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Moreover, T4SSs are also used for the delivery of bacterial effector proteins across the bacterial membrane and the plasmatic membrane of eukaryotic host cell, thus contributing directly to pathogenicity. T4SSs are usually encoded by multiple genes organized into a single functional unit. Based on a number of features, the organization of genetic determinants, shared homologies and evolutionary relationships, T4SSs have been divided into several groups. Type F and P (type IVA) T4SSs resembling the archetypal VirB/VirD4 system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens are considered to be the paradigm of type IV secretion, while type I (type IVB) T4SSs are found in intracellular bacterial pathogens, Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii. Several novel T4SSs have been identified recently and their functions await investigation. The most recently described GI type T4SSs play a key role in the horizontal transfer of a wide variety of genomic islands derived from a broad spectrum of bacterial strains.
Social Work and the Body

deliberate, contrived and dishonest, but the myth: persistent, persuasive and unrealistic’’ (p. 147). Further chapters include ‘‘Liability and Safety Issues’’, ‘‘Managing Care Environments’’, ‘‘Active Service-User Involvement’’, ‘‘Impact of New Technology’’, ‘‘Diverse Sources of Funding’’, and ‘‘Policy Implementation’’. Each of these is thoughtprovoking and rich with practical strategies and case study examples. In addition, there is a long bibliography. From my own work, which spans both the social work sector and a diverse range of private and public organisations, I have come to believe that our future depends on the approach to leadership and management expressed by such leading theorists as Weisbord, Wheatley, Kellner-Rogers, Bohm, and Senge. It was heartening to see these writers being embraced and applied throughout this book. The authors have gone to great lengths to cite an amazing number of sources, which makes the book heavy reading. I sense that they would have enhanced their influence on practising and potential social work managers had they brought out a companion shorter version that stimulated the hearts and minds without so much reference to other authors. The editors have conceived an academic text, but I think their target audience is working in the field, with maybe neither the time nor inclination to take in all the supporting detail. That said, Enhancing Social Work Management offers an excellent opportunity for learning, reflection, and application. It is a book wisely purchased rather than borrowed, so that it can be revisited on an ongoing basis. The early chapters particularly would be very useful as a stimulus for building participative buy-in on organisational culture and process.
On the potential of IEEE 802.11s intra-mesh congestion control

IEEE 802.11s is an emerging IEEE 802.11 amendment, aiming at standardizing wireless mesh networking. As congestion is a major problem in wireless mesh networks, IEEE 802.11s addresses this problem by introducing the intra-mesh congestion control. In order to explore the potential of this mechanism, we describe two different IEEE 802.11s compliant congestion control mechanisms and discuss their respective benefits and limitations. Results from a simulative evaluation demonstrate that intra-mesh congestion control is suitable for avoiding the loss of packets which have already been forwarded over the air interface and, if appropriately implemented, increases the overall network throughput. The results do however also point out the limitations of the proposed IEEE 802.11s congestion notification format.
Comparison of Different Procedures for the Lipid Extraction from HL-60 Cells: A MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometric Study

A human leukaemia cell line - HL-60 - can be differentiated into neutrophils or macrophages and both differentiation processes are accompanied by changes of the lipid composition. Various methods were described for the extraction of lipids from cellular systems, but only two of them were applied to the HL-60 cell line so far. In this study we compared five selected extraction methods for the lipid extraction from HL-60 cells with regard to their qualitative analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS): chloroform/methanol at volume ratios 2:1 and 1:2, isopropanol/ chloroform, isopropanol/hexane and butanol. In addition, the cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations in organic extracts were measured by colorimetric assays. Results can be summarized as follows: For the analysis of polar phospholipids obtained from HL-60 cells by MALDI-TOF MS, a chlorofom/methanol (1:2) or isopropanol/chloroform mixture or butanol can be applied as extraction systems. On the other hand, if one would like to analyze changes in triacylglycerols, then chloroform/methanol (2:1) would be the method of choice.
Neural correlates underlying humans' differential sensitivity to emotionally negative stimuli of varying valences: an ERP study

The present study aims to investigate the neural correlates underlying humans' sensitivity to valence differences in negative stimuli. Event-related potentials (ERPs) for highly negative (HN), moderately negative (MN), and Neutral pictures were recorded while subjects perform a standard/deviant categorization task, irrespective of the emotional valence of the deviants. The results show more negative ERP deflections during HN condition than during MN condition at each 50 ms interval from 350 to 650 ms after stimulus onset (at P3 and slow negative wave (SNW) components). Moreover, emotional effect was also observed for MN stimuli at P3 component (350-450 ms interval). Dipole analyses on the HN-MN difference wave during 350-450 ms interval (P3 component) and that during 450-650 ms interval (SNW component) were both localized to the right medial temporal lobe. Thus, the present study confirmed the human sensitivity to valence variations in emotionally negative stimuli, and further showed that the right medial temporal lobe, in particular, the right hippocampus/amygdala complex, may be the critical neural substrates underlying humans' differential sensitivity to emotionally negative stimuli of varying valences.
An Auxin Transport Independent Pathway Is Involved in Phosphate Stress-Induced Root Architectural Alterations in Arabidopsis. Identification of BIG as a Mediator of Auxin in Pericycle Cell Activation1

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants display a number of root developmental responses to low phosphate availability, including primary root growth inhibition, greater formation of lateral roots, and increased root hair elongation. To gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms by which phosphorus (P) availability alters postembryonic root development, we performed a mutant screen to identify genetic determinants involved in the response to P deprivation. Three low phosphate-resistant root lines (lpr1-1 to lpr1-3) were isolated because of their reduced lateral root formation in low P conditions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that all lpr1 mutants were allelic to BIG, which is required for normal auxin transport in Arabidopsis. Detailed characterization of lateral root primordia (LRP) development in wild-type and lpr1 mutants revealed that BIG is required for pericycle cell activation to form LRP in both high (1 mm) and low (1 μm) P conditions, but not for the low P-induced alterations in primary root growth, lateral root emergence, and root hair elongation. Exogenously supplied auxin restored normal lateral root formation in lpr1 mutants in the two P treatments. Treatment of wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings with brefeldin A, a fungal metabolite that blocks auxin transport, phenocopies the root developmental alterations observed in lpr1 mutants in both high and low P conditions, suggesting that BIG participates in vesicular targeting of auxin transporters. Taken together, our results show that auxin transport and BIG function have fundamental roles in pericycle cell activation to form LRP and promote root hair elongation. The mechanism that activates root system architectural alterations in response to P deprivation, however, seems to be independent of auxin transport and BIG.
Optical coherence tomography for identification and quantification of human airway wall layers

Background High-resolution computed tomography has limitations in the assessment of airway wall layers and related remodeling in obstructive lung diseases. Near infrared-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel imaging technique that combined with bronchoscopy generates highly detailed images of the airway wall. The aim of this study is to identify and quantify human airway wall layers both ex-vivo and in-vivo by OCT and correlate these to histology. Methods Patients with lung cancer, prior to lobectomy, underwent bronchoscopy including in-vivo OCT imaging. Ex-vivo OCT imaging was performed in the resected lung lobe after needle insertion for matching with histology. Airway wall layer perimeters and their corresponding areas were assessed by two independent observers. Airway wall layer areas (total wall area, mucosal layer area and submucosal muscular layer area) were calculated. Results 13 airways of 5 patients were imaged by OCT. Histology was matched with 51 ex-vivo OCT images and 39 in-vivo OCT images. A significant correlation was found between ex-vivo OCT imaging and histology, in-vivo OCT imaging and histology and ex-vivo OCT imaging and in-vivo OCT imaging for all measurements (p < 0.0001 all comparisons). A minimal bias was seen in Bland-Altman analysis. High inter-observer reproducibility with intra-class correlation coefficients all above 0.90 were detected. Conclusions OCT is an accurate and reproducible imaging technique for identification and quantification of airway wall layers and can be considered as a promising minimal-invasive imaging technique to identify and quantify airway remodeling in obstructive lung diseases.
Traffic allocation scheme with cooperation of WWAN and WPAN

An explicit adaptive traffic allocation scheme is investigated in terms of the cooperation across wireless wide area networks (WWANs) and wireless personal area network (WPAN). The analysis and numerical simulations indicate that the proposed scheme achieves inter-networking load balance to minimize the whole transmission delay and expands the communication ability of single-mode terminals to support high data rate traffics.
Demo: a framework for location information processing

Recently, with the advances in wireless communications and location positioning technology, the potential for tracking, correlating, and filtering information about moving entities (i.e., generally speaking any moving objects, such as airplanes, automobiles, trucks, cyclists, pedestrians, goods, and packages etc.) has greatly increased. The knowledge of spatial, temporal, and causal relationships between moving objects would allow the support of highly personalized and effective location-based services (LBS). Such services could track, correlate, and process object positions, object profiles, and past, present, and future object movement patterns.