Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new high‐molecular‐weight glycophorin C variant with a duplication of exon 2 in the glycophorin C gene

Glycophorin C (GPC) and glycophorin D (GPD) are closely related sialoglycoproteins in the human red blood cell (RBC) membrane. Both are thought to be encoded by the GPC gene (GYPC). We report here the new GPC variant, MAT, with a high‐molecular‐weight form of GPC and GPD. The murine monoclonal antibody to GPC (CBC‐96), which had specificity for the N‐terminal region of GPC, gave a stronger reactivity with the MAT RBCs than did normal RBCs in direct agglutination tests. Immunoblotting of the MAT RBC membranes with anti‐GPC antibodies showed the apparent molecular weight of GPC.MAT and GPD.MAT was 5000 greater than that of their normal counterparts. cDNA was synthesized from total RNA obtained from three unrelated, heterozygous MAT blood donors and analysed by the polymerase chain reaction with primers that spanned sequences encoded by GYPC. Two fragments were generated: one was 510 bp, the other was 453 bp and corresponded to the normal GPC. Sequencing of the mutant 510‐bp fragment showed an insert of 57 nucleotides that corresponds to the entire sequence of exon 2 in GYPC. These results show that MAT is the result of a duplication of exon 2 in GYPC, which probably encodes the two high‐molecular weight forms GPC.MAT and GPD.MAT. The MAT mutation is found with a frequency of 0.02% in the Japanese population.
FD modelling of the fast pyrolysis of biomass in fluidised bed reactors : odelling the impact of biomass shrinkage

The fluid–particle interaction and the impact of shrinkage on pyrolysis of biomass inside a 150 g/h fluidised bed reactor is modelled. Two 500 m in diameter biomass particles are injected into the fluidised bed with different shrinkage conditions. The two different conditions consist of (1) shrinkage equal to the volume left by the solid devolatilization, and (2) shrinkage parameters equal to approximately half of eywords: FD luidized bed ast pyroysis eat transfer iomass shrinkage particle volume. The effect of shrinkage is analysed in terms of heat and momentum transfer as well as product yields, pyrolysis time and particle size considering spherical geometries. The Eulerian approach is used to model the bubbling behaviour of the sand, which is treated as a continuum. Heat transfer from the bubbling bed to the discrete biomass particle, as well as biomass reaction kinetics are modelled according to the literature. The particle motion inside the reactor is computed using drag laws, dependent on the local volume fraction of each phase. FLUENT 6.2 has been used as the modelling framework of the le py simulations with the who
Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients.

The amended (revised) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-IA; Beck & Steer, 1993b) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) were self-administered to 140 psychiatric outpatients with various psychiatric disorders. The coefficient alphas of the BDI-IA and the BDI-II were, respectively, . 89 and . 91. The mean rating for Sadness on the BDI-IA was higher than it was on the BDI-II, but the mean ratings for Past Failure, Self-Dislike, Change in Sleeping Pattern, and Change in Appetite were higher on the BDI-II than they were on the BDI-IA. The mean BDI-II total score was approximately 2 points higher than it was for the BDI-IA, and the outpatients also endorsed approximately one more symptom on the BDI-II than they did on the BDI-IA. The correlations of BDI-IA and BDI-II total scores with sex, ethnicity, age, the diagnosis of a mood disorder, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck & Steer, 1993a) were within 1 point of each other for the same variables.
Dynamic 13 C ⁄ 1 H NMR imaging uncovers sugar allocation in the living seed

transcriptome. Summary Seed growth and accumulation of storage products relies on the delivery of sucrose from the maternal to the filial tissues. The transport route is hidden inside the seed and has never been visualized in vivo. Our approach, based on high-field nuclear magnetic resonance and a custom made C ⁄ H double resonant coil, allows the non-invasive imaging and monitoring of sucrose allocation within the seed. The new technique visualizes the main stream of sucrose and determines its velocity during the grain filling in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Quantifiable dynamic images are provided, which allow observing movement of C-sucrose at a sub-millimetre level of resolution. The analysis of genetically modified barley grains (Jekyll transgenic lines, seg8 and Risø13 mutants) demonstrated that sucrose release via the nucellar projection towards the endosperm provides an essential mean for the control of seed growth by maternal organism. The sucrose allocation was further determined by structural and metabolic features of endosperm. Sucrose monitoring was integrated with an in silico flux balance analysis, representing a powerful platform for non-invasive study of seed filling in crops.
Coral reefs as drivers of cladogenesis: expanding coral reefs, cryptic extinction events, and the development of biodiversity hotspots

Diversification rates within four conspicuous coral reef fish families (Labridae, Chaetodontidae, Pomacentridae and Apogonidae) were estimated using Bayesian inference. Lineage through time plots revealed a possible late Eocene/early Oligocene cryptic extinction event coinciding with the collapse of the ancestral Tethyan/Arabian hotspot. Rates of diversification analysis revealed elevated cladogenesis in all families in the Oligocene/Miocene. Throughout the Miocene, lineages with a high percentage of coral reef–associated taxa display significantly higher net diversification rates than expected. The development of a complex mosaic of reef habitats in the Indo‐Australian Archipelago (IAA) during the Oligocene/Miocene appears to have been a significant driver of cladogenesis. Patterns of diversification suggest that coral reefs acted as a refuge from high extinction, as reef taxa are able to sustain diversification at high extinction rates. The IAA appears to support both cladogenesis and survival in associated lineages, laying the foundation for the recent IAA marine biodiversity hotspot.
Axonal activation-induced calcium transients in myelinating Schwann cells, sources, and mechanisms

We have investigated the role of myelinating glia in events associated with propagation of the action potential at nodes of Ranvier using combinations of optical and electrophysiological recording methods. Calcium transients were observed in Schwann cells by fluorescent imaging of the nodal complex of fibers loaded with the calcium- sensitive dye fluo3-AM. To follow [Ca2+]i changes associated with neuronal activity at the node of Ranvier, nerves loaded with fluo3 were imaged during axonal activation using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. To elucidate sources of [Ca2+]i transients, we tested the effects of drugs known to alter [Ca2+]i. [Ca2+]i transients in Schwann cells were observed in response to axonal activation and these were subsequently blocked by ryanodine if ryanodine was present during a previous [Ca2+]i transient. Bath applications of caffeine induced [Ca2+]i transients which could be blocked by ryanodine. These findings indicate that calcium-activated calcium release occurs in Schwann cells in response to impulse activity.
The herpes simplex virus regulatory protein ICP27 contributes to the decrease in cellular mRNA levels during infection

We have previously shown that the herpes simplex virus immediate-early regulatory protein ICP27 acts posttranscriptionally to affect mRNA processing (R. M. Sandri-Goldin and G. E. Mendoza, Genes Dev. 6:848-863, 1992). Specifically, in the presence of ICP27, spliced target mRNAs were decreased 5- to 10-fold in transfections with target genes containing a 5' or 3' intron. Here, we have investigated the effect of ICP27 during herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection on accumulation of spliced cellular mRNAs. ICP27 viral mutants have been shown to be defective in host shutoff (W. R. Sacks, C. C. Greene, D. P. Aschman, and P. A. Schaffer, J. Virol. 55:796-805, 1985). Therefore, we examined whether ICP27 could contribute to this complex process by decreasing cellular mRNA levels through its effects on host cell splicing. It was found that in infections with viral mutants defective in ICP27, the accumulated levels of three spliced host mRNAs were higher than those seen with wild-type HSV-1. The differences occurred posttranscriptionally as shown by nuclear runoff transcription assays. The stabilities of the spliced products during infection with wild-type or ICP27 mutant viruses were similar, and unspliced precursor mRNA for a viral spliced gene was detected in infections with wild-type HSV-1 but not in infections in which ICP27 was not expressed. These results suggest that the reduction in cellular mRNA levels and the accumulation of pre-mRNA are related and may be caused by an impairment in host cell splicing. These data further show that ICP27 is required for these effects to occur.
Pharmacological Treatment of Neonatal Seizures

Pharmacologic treatment options for neonatal seizures have expanded over the past 2 decades, and there is no consensus on optimal treatment strategy. We systematically reviewed the published literature to determine which medication(s) are most effective for treating neonatal seizures, by retrieving trials and observational investigations via PubMed (through August 2011) that focused on pharmacological seizure treatment of neonates (≤ 28 days old) and utilized continuous or amplitude-integrated EEG to confirm seizure diagnosis and cessation. Our search identified 557 initial articles and 14 additional studies after reference reviews, with 16 meeting inclusion criteria. Of these, 2 were randomized trials and only 3 additional investigations included comparison groups. We found limited evidence regarding the best pharmacologic treatment for neonatal seizures, but were able to devise a treatment algorithm from available data. These findings have the potential to serve as a clinical reference and to inform the design of comparative effectiveness investigations for neonatal antiepileptics.
Demonstration of Metal-Gated Low $V_{t}$ n-MOSFETs Using a Poly-$\hbox{Si/TaN/Dy}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}/\hbox{SiON}$  Gate Stack With a Scaled EOT Value

In this letter, we report that by using a thin dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3)cap layer (~1-nm thick) on top of SiON host dielectrics, the threshold voltage (Vt) of poly-Si/TaN gated n-FETs can be modulated to match that of the reference poly-Si/SiON devices, with a significantly scaled equivalent oxide thickness, a much reduced gate leakage, improved time-zero-break-down characteristics, and a minor degradation of the long channel devices mobility. These effects are attributed to the formation of a DySiON layer formation after full device fabrication due to the intermixing between the Dy2O3 cap and the SiON layer, as evidenced by a cross-sectional transmission-electron-microscopy measurement.
A Multidimensional Stochastic Singular Control Problem Via Dynkin Game and Dirichlet Form

The traditional difficulty with stochastic singular control is characterizing the regularities of the value function and the optimal control policy. In this paper, a multidimensional singular control problem is considered. We found the optimal value function and the optimal control policy of this problem via a Dynkin game, whose solution is given by the saddle point of the cost function. The existence and uniqueness of the solution to this Dynkin game are proved through an associated variational inequality problem involving Dirichlet form. As a consequence, the properties of the value function of this Dynkin game imply the smoothness of the value function of the stochastic singular control problem. In this way, we are able to show the existence of a classical solution to this multidimensional singular control problem, which was traditionally solved in the sense of viscosity solutions, and this enables the application of the verification theorem to prove optimality.
A gamma camera count rate saturation correction method for whole-body planar imaging

Whole-body (WB) planar imaging has long been one of the staple methods of dosimetry, and its quantification has been formalized by the MIRD Committee in pamphlet no 16. One of the issues not specifically addressed in the formalism occurs when the count rates reaching the detector are sufficiently high to result in camera count saturation. Camera dead-time effects have been extensively studied, but all of the developed correction methods assume static acquisitions. However, during WB planar (sweep) imaging, a variable amount of imaged activity exists in the detector's field of view as a function of time and therefore the camera saturation is time dependent. A new time-dependent algorithm was developed to correct for dead-time effects during WB planar acquisitions that accounts for relative motion between detector heads and imaged object. Static camera dead-time parameters were acquired by imaging decaying activity in a phantom and obtaining a saturation curve. Using these parameters, an iterative algorithm akin to Newton's method was developed, which takes into account the variable count rate seen by the detector as a function of time. The algorithm was tested on simulated data as well as on a whole-body scan of high activity Samarium-153 in an ellipsoid phantom. A complete set of parameters from unsaturated phantom data necessary for count rate to activity conversion was also obtained, including build-up and attenuation coefficients, in order to convert corrected count rate values to activity. The algorithm proved successful in accounting for motion- and time-dependent saturation effects in both the simulated and measured data and converged to any desired degree of precision. The clearance half-life calculated from the ellipsoid phantom data was calculated to be 45.1 h after dead-time correction and 51.4 h with no correction; the physical decay half-life of Samarium-153 is 46.3 h. Accurate WB planar dosimetry of high activities relies on successfully compensating for camera saturation which takes into account the variable activity in the field of view, i.e. time-dependent dead-time effects. The algorithm presented here accomplishes this task.
Nuclear Sexing

TH E FIR S T PUB LIe A T ION on nuclear sexing (Barr & Bertram, 1949) is nearly seven years old, but general interest was not aroused till 1953, when a clinical application for the technique was suggested by Moore, Graham and Barr. Little more than a year ago a single page would suffice to summarise the whole relevant literature, but new techniques and new applications are springing up now on all sides, and the time seems ripe already for a survey before the subject expands beyond the limits of a single review.
Mobile-platform for automatic fever screening system based on infrared forehead temperature

In this paper, automatic fever screening system is proposed and experimentally implemented using an IR camera and a mobile phone. Our system locates position of patients automatically using face detection algorithm on RGB image and obtains temperature from IR image at detected location. Advantages are fast, portable, non-contacting and simultaneously temperature measurement. Furthermore, face detection algorithm allows the system to track patient's face position. Hence, robust and non-contacting temperature measurement can be properly done even patients are not stand still. Our system has been field-tested to measure temperature and screen ill patients at a children medical clinic. In this experiment, the system is calibrated to measure temperature of patients at 1 meter away and gives an alarm sound when the measured temperature is above the desired setting threshold. According to experimental results, the correlation coefficient between temperature obtained from our system and commercial infrared forehead skin thermometer [2] is more than 0.80. In addition, our system achieves a 100% sensitivity and 70% specificity. Although our approach loses specificity, all fever patients are identified correctly. Thus, they are significantly correlated. Therefore, this system can reliably estimate body temperature of patients and can be used for effectively pre-screening fever patients.
Value of the Lumbrical-Interosseous Technique in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Kaul MP, Pagel KJ: Value of the lumbrical-interosseous technique in carpal tunnel syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002;81:691–695. Objective To determine whether the second lumbrical-interosseous technique has comparable sensitivity with the median-ulnar transcarpal mixed nerve technique (palmdiff). Design A prospective series of consecutive patients with median distribution paresthesias were evaluated with electrodiagnostic testing. Outpatient veterans referred by a heterogeneous group of specialists and generalists to the Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center electrodiagnostic laboratory. A total of 129 consecutive veterans referred for evaluation of median distribution paresthesias were assessed with two electrodiagnostic tests. Results The second lumbrical-interosseous technique performed with equal sensitivity (60.5%) to the palmdiff technique, with the added unique feature of its being uniformly obtainable. Conclusions The second lumbrical-interosseous technique is characterized by performance equal to the palmdiff in categorizing carpal tunnel syndrome. It is also characterized by being nearly uniformly obtainable, even in severe carpal tunnel syndrome. These features suggest a wider role for the second lumbrical-interosseous technique than currently accepted.
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Protein Down-Regulates Pre-T-Cell Receptor Alpha Gene Transcription in Human Immature Thymocytes

ABSTRACT The human pre-T-cell receptor alpha (TCRα; pTα) gene encodes a polypeptide which associates with the TCRβ chain and CD3 molecules to form the pre-TCR complex. The surface expression of the pre-TCR is pTα dependent, and signaling through this complex triggers an early αβ T-cell developmental checkpoint inside the thymus, known as β-selection. E2A transcription factors, which are involved at multiple stages of T-cell development, regulate the transcription of the pTα gene. Here we show that the regulatory protein Tax of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) efficiently suppresses the E47-mediated activation of the pTα promoter. Furthermore, we report that in Tax lentivirally transduced human MOLT-4 T cells, which constitutively express the pTα gene, the amount of pTα transcripts decreases. Such a decrease is not observed in MOLT-4 cells transduced by a vector encoding the Tax mutant K88A, which is unable to interact with p300. These data underline that Tax inhibits pTα transcription by recruiting this coactivator. Finally, we show that the expression of Tax in human immature thymocytes results in a decrease of pTα gene transcription but does not modify the level of E47 transcripts. These observations indicate that Tax, by silencing E proteins, down-regulates pTα gene transcription during early thymocyte development. They further provide evidence that Tax can interfere with an important checkpoint during T-cell differentiation in the thymus.
TRACE: Linguistic-Based Approach for Automatic Lecture Video Segmentation Leveraging Wikipedia Texts

In multimedia-based e - learning systems, the accessibility and searchability of most lecture video content is still insufficient due to the unscripted and spontaneous speech of the speakers. Moreover, this problem becomes even more challenging when the quality of such lecture videos is not sufficiently high. To extract the structural knowledge of a multi-topic lecture video and thus make it easily accessible it is very desirable to divide each video into shorter clips by performing an automatic topic-wise video segmentation. To this end, this paper presents the TRACE system to automatically perform such a segmentation based on a linguistic approach using Wikipedia texts. TRACE has two main contributions: (i) the extraction of a novel linguistic-based Wikipedia feature to segment lecture videos efficiently, and (ii) the investigation of the late fusion of video segmentation results derived from state-of-the-art algorithms. Specifically for the late fusion, we combine confidence scores produced by the models constructed from visual, transcriptional, and Wikipedia features. According to our experiments on lecture videos from VideoLectures.NET and NPTEL, the proposed algorithm segments knowledge structures more accurately compared to existing state-of-the-art algorithms. The evaluation results are very encouraging and thus confirm the effectiveness of TRACE.
Formulation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Ketorolac Tromethamine-Loaded Biodegradable Microspheres

Ketorolac tromethamine has to be given every 6 hr intramuscularly in patients for acute pain, so to avoid frequent dosing and patient inconvenience we found it to be a suitable candidate for parenteral controlled delivery by biodegradable microspheres for the present study. Ketorolac tromethamine-loaded microspheres were prepared by o/w emulsion solvent evaporation technique using different polymers: polycaprolactone, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA 65/35), and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA 85/15). To tailor the release profile of drug for several days, blends of PLGA 65/35 andPLGA85/15 were prepared with polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios. The results revealed that microspheres made with 1:3 (PLGA65/35: PCL) blend released 97% of the drug in 5 days as compared with 97% in 30 days in with pure PLGA65/35 microspheres. Microspheres made with 1:1 (PLGA65/35:PCL) and 3:1 (PLGA65/35:PCL released 98% of the drug in 30 days. In microspheres made with 1:3 (PLGA85/15:PCL), almost the entire drug was released in a week whereas in batches made with pure PLGA85/15 and 3:1 (PLGA 85/15:PCL) more than 80% of the drug was released in 60 days as compared with 96% in 60 days in 1:1 (PLGA85/15:PCL). Higher encapsulation efficiency was obtained with microspheres made with pure PLGA 65/35. These formulations were characterized for particle size analysis by Malvern mastersizer that revealed particle size in range of 12–15 micron and 12–22 micron for microspheres made with polymer blends of PLGA 65/35:PCL and PLGA85/15:PCL, respectively. In with pure PLGA65/35 and PLGA85/15, particle size was 28 micron and 8 micron, respectively. Surface topography was studied by scanning electron microscopy that revealed a spherical shape of microspheres. From our study it we concluded that with careful selection of different polymers and their combinations, we can tailor the release of ketorolac tromethamine for long periods.