Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advantages and Disadvantages of Educational Email Alerts for Family Physicians: Viewpoint

Background Electronic knowledge resources constitute an important channel for accredited Continuing Medical Education (CME) activities. However, email usage for educational purposes is controversial. On the one hand, family physicians become aware of new information, confirm what they already know, and obtain reassurance by reading educational email alerts. Email alerts can also encourage physicians to search Web-based resources. On the other hand, technical difficulties and privacy issues are common obstacles. Objective The purpose of this discussion paper, informed by a literature review and a small qualitative study, was to understand family physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in regard to email in general and educational emails in particular, and to explore the advantages and disadvantages of educational email alerts. In addition, we documented participants’ suggestions to improve email alert services for CME. Methods We conducted a qualitative descriptive study using the “Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior” model. We conducted semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 15 family physicians. We analyzed the collected data using inductive-deductive thematic qualitative data analysis. Results All 15 participants scanned and prioritized their email, and 13 of them checked their email daily. Participants mentioned (1) advantages of educational email alerts such as saving time, convenience and valid information, and (2) disadvantages such as an overwhelming number of emails and irrelevance. They offered suggestions to improve educational email. Conclusions The advantages of email alerts seem to compensate for their disadvantages. Suggestions proposed by family physicians can help to improve educational email alerts.
Age dependence of expression of growth factor receptors in porcine ACL fibroblasts

Tissue engineering approaches that harness the stimulatory power of platelet‐rich plasma have produced encouraging results in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair. However, a number of recent studies have demonstrated age‐dependent differences in cellular responses to such an approach. Identifying the reasons for these differences would allow counteracting them and consequently improve outcomes. In this study we hypothesized that these age‐related effects are caused by differences in the expression of the receptors for growth factors released from platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). Porcine ACL fibroblasts from a predetermined number of animals of different ages were obtained, and mRNA levels of the receptors of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined. Expression levels were compared across age groups (young and adolescent) and regressed on age in days. While no significant difference was seen across groups, the regression analysis showed decreases in receptor expression with increasing age. These differences were statistically significant for TGF‐β receptor 1, FGF receptor, and VEGF receptor 2; and borderline significant for TGF‐β receptor 3 and PDGF receptor. The only receptor that was not associated with age was VEGF receptor 1, a regulator of VEGF receptor 2. These findings suggest that the decrease in growth factor receptor expression as a likely reason for reduced PRP action with increasing age. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1107–1112, 2010
Overlay Network Testing by OpenDHT

A problem of research on overlay network is lack of testing platform. Recent research has shown that one can use distributed hash tables (DHTs) to build scalable, robust and efficient applications. However, large-scale distributed systems are hard to deploy, nor are DHTs . Open DHT is a publicly accessible DHT service. In contrast to the usual DHT model, clients of OpenDHT can issue put and get operations to any DHT node, which processes the operations on their behalf. This paper introduces Open DHT and concentrates on how to do the network testing based on OpenDHT. The testing about resource location is also expounded.
Identification of Proteins that Interact with TANK Binding Kinase 1 and Testing for Mutations Associated with Glaucoma

Abstract Purpose: Copy number variations (duplications) of TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) have been associated with normal tension glaucoma (NTG), a common cause of blindness worldwide. Mutations in other genes involved in autophagy (TLR4 and OPTN) have been associated with NTG. Here we report searching for additional proteins involved in autophagy that may also have roles in NTG. Materials and methods: HEK-293T cells were transfected to produce synthetic TBK1 protein with FLAG and S tags. Proteins that associate with TBK1 were isolated from HEK-293T lysates using tandem affinity purification (TAP) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Isolated proteins were identified with mass spectrometry. A cohort of 148 NTG patients and 77 controls from Iowa were tested for glaucoma-causing mutations in genes that encode identified proteins that interact with TBK1 using high resolution melt (HRM) analysis and DNA sequencing. Results: TAP studies show that three proteins expressed in HEK-293T cells (NAP1, TANK and TBKBP1) interact with TBK1. Testing cohorts of NTG and normal controls for disease-causing mutations in TANK, identified a total of nine unique variants including three non-synonymous changes, one synonymous changes and five intronic changes. When analyzed alone or as a group, the non-synonymous TBK1 coding sequence changes were not associated with either NTG or primary open angle glaucoma. Conclusion: TAP showed that NAP1, TANK and TBKBP1 interact with TBK1 and are good candidates for contributing to NTG. A mutation screen of TANK detected three non-synonymous variants. Although, it remains possible that one or more of these TANK mutations may have a role in NTG, the data in this report do not provide statistical support for an association between TANK variants and NTG.
Low uncertainty Boltzmann constant determinations and the kelvin redefinition

At its 25th meeting, the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) approved Resolution 1 ‘On the future revision of the International System of Units, the SI’, which sets the path towards redefinition of four base units at the next CGPM in 2018. This constitutes a decisive advance towards the formal adoption of the new SI and its implementation. Kilogram, ampere, kelvin and mole will be defined in terms of fixed numerical values of the Planck constant, elementary charge, Boltzmann constant and Avogadro constant, respectively. The effect of the new definition of the kelvin referenced to the value of the Boltzmann constant k is that the kelvin is equal to the change of thermodynamic temperature T that results in a change of thermal energy kT by 1.380 65×10−23 J. A value of the Boltzmann constant suitable for defining the kelvin is determined by fundamentally different primary thermometers such as acoustic gas thermometers, dielectric constant gas thermometers, noise thermometers and the Doppler broadening technique. Progress to date of the measurements and further perspectives are reported. Necessary conditions to be met before proceeding with changing the definition are given. The consequences of the new definition of the kelvin on temperature measurement are briefly outlined.
Impact of therapeutic hypothermia on MRI diffusion changes in neonatal encephalopathy

Objective: The objective of this work was to determine the impact of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on the magnitude and time course of mean diffusivity (MD) changes following hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborns. Methods: Cerebral MRI scans of infants undergoing whole body TH for HIE from 2007 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The data were analyzed identically to a control group of newborns with HIE previously published, prior to the development of TH. Anatomic injury was defined on T1- and T2-weighted (“late”) MRI obtained after the fifth day of life. Since MD values vary regionally, the ratios of MD values for injured and normal tissue were calculated for areas of injury. Normal values were obtained from corresponding brain regions of 12 infants undergoing TH who had no injury on MRI studies. Results: Twenty-three of 59 infants who underwent TH and MRI displayed cerebral injury on late MRI and were included in the study. MD ratios were decreased in all injured infants within the first 7 days of life. The return of MD to normal (pseudonormalization) occurred after the tenth day as compared to 6–8 days in the control group. Infants with severest injury demonstrated greater reduction in MD, but no difference in time to pseudonormalization. Conclusion: TH slows the evolution of diffusion abnormalities on MRI following HIE in term infants.
[Evaluation of physical fitness levels in children and adolescents: establishing percentile charts for the central region of Peru].

OBJECTIVES Construct percentile charts and physical fitness (PF) reference values stratified by age and sex of children and adolescents from Peru's central region. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample was comprised of 7,843 subjects (4,155 females and 3,688 males) between the ages of 6 to 17 years old. Physical fitness was assessed using six tests developed by EUROFIT, FITNESSGRAM and AAPHERD. Percentile charts were developed separately for males and females using the LMS method calculated with LMSchartmaker software. Results. Males showed higher PF values with the exception of flexibility; a clear increase in PF with increasing age was verified. CONCLUSIONS Inter-individual variability in both sexes is substantial. Charts and specific reference values by age and sex may be used for the assessment and interpretation of children's and adolescents' PF levels in Peru's central region. These findings may be of help to educators, public health professionals, parents, and policy-makers when assessing schools' physical education programs.
VizQL: a language for query, analysis and visualization

Conventional query languages such as SQL and MDX have limited formatting and visualization capabilities. Thus, although powerful queries can be composed, another layer of software is needed to report or present the results in a useful form to the analyst. VizQL™ is designed to fill that gap. VizQL evolved from the Polaris system at Stanford, which combined query, analysis and visualization into a single framework [1]. VizQL is a formal language for describing tables, charts, graphs, maps, time series and tables of visualizations. These different types of visual representations are unified into one framework, making it easy to switch from one visual representation to another (e.g. from a list view to a cross-tab to a chart). Unlike current charting packages and like query languages, VizQL permits an unlimited number of picture expressions. Visualizations can thus be easily customized and controlled. VizQL is a declarative language. The desired picture is described; the low-level operations needed to retrieve the results, to perform analytical calculations, to map the results to a visual representation, and to render the image are generated automatically by the query analyzer. The query analyzer compiles VizQL expressions to SQL and MDX and thus VizQL can be used with relational databases and datacubes. The current implementation supports Hyperion Essbase, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Analysis Services, MySQL, Oracle, as well as desktop data sources such as CSV and Excel files. This analysis phase includes many optimizations that allow large databases to be browsed interactively. VizQL enables a new generation of visual analysis tools that closely couple query, analysis and visualization.
Self-Esteem Group-Value Ambiguity : Understanding the Effects of Academic Feedback on Minority Students '

The authors applied insights from the group-value theory of procedural justice to investigate minority students’ disengagement of self-esteem from academic outcomes. African American college students completed the race-based rejection sensitivity (RS-race) questionnaire. The students were asked to write a position essay on a current topic. They were randomly assigned to complete a demographic form in which they disclosed or did not disclose their race and to receive negative or positive feedback. When race was undisclosed, performance self-esteem was greater after positive feedback relative to negative feedback, regardless of RS-race. When race was disclosed, feedback valence affected self-esteem only among those lower in RS-race. Following positive feedback, these participants showed the greatest gains in self-esteem. Consistent with group-value theory, changes in self-esteem were explained by participants’ concerns and emotions around fairness, respect, and acceptance. The authors discuss implications for minority student achievement.
Secrecy in broadcast channels with receiver side information

We study secret communication for broadcast channels with two legitimate receivers and one eavesdropper. The transmitter sends two independent confidential messages to the legitimate receivers which have to be kept secret from the eavesdropper. Here, each legitimate receiver is interested in one confidential message having the other one already as side information available. This problem arises for example in the broadcast phase in a bidirectional relay network, where a relay node establishes a bidirectional communication between two nodes while keeping the communication secure from an eavesdropper outside the network. We provide achievable rate regions and an outer bound on the secrecy capacity region.
Analysis of energy release rate and bending-to-stretching behavior in the shaft-loaded blister test

We present a theoretical study of shaft-loaded blister test for the determination of the adhesion strength of thin polymer films and coatings to rigid substrates. The relationships among strain energy release rate, load, deflection and residual stress are fully investigated. A series of numerical results of finite element analysis allow us to verify the theory quantitatively and thus estimate the validity region of our solution, which ought to have significant implications in many technological situations. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Deriving continous grounded meaning representations from referentially structured multimodal contexts

Corpora of referring expressions paired with their visual referents are a good source for learning word meanings directly grounded in visual representations. Here, we explore additional ways of extracting from them word representations linked to multi-modal context: through expressions that refer to the same object, and through expressions that refer to different objects in the same scene. We show that continuous meaning representations derived from these contexts capture complementary aspects of similarity, , even if not outperforming textual embeddings trained on very large amounts of raw text when tested on standard similarity benchmarks. We propose a new task for evaluating grounded meaning representations—detection of potentially co-referential phrases—and show that it requires precise denotational representations of attribute meanings, which our method provides.
The influence of mold deflection on the prediction of packing pressure decay and part shrinkage

Injection Molding simulation traditionally considers the molding cavity to be a rigid fixed volume to be filled. However, disagreement is often observed between measured cavity pressures and predicted cavity pressures at the end of the packing phase. In this study, a coupled approach is implemented to include the effect of mold deflection in the flow simulation of the injection molding process including the packing phase. Through comparison to our database of molding experiments in instrumented molds, the significant impact of mold deflection on in-cavity packing pressure decay is demonstrated and improved simulation accuracy is achieved. A simple methodology for determining the degree of mold deflection of any mold is also proposed. This study will also demonstrate the impact of improved cavity pressure predictions on shrinkage predictions and provide comparison to measured shrinkages for a range of polymer materials, molding geometries and processing conditions.
Chemoattractant‐induced lamellipod extension

The mammary adenocarcinoma cell line MTLn3 is chemotactic towards epidermal growth factor (EGF), and this induced motility is thought to promote breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Stimulation of MTLn3 cells with EGF results in the extension of a flat, thin structure filled with filamentous actin and termed a lamellipod. Lamellipod extension is dependent on actin polymerization and is localized to the border of adherent cells. The structure of EGF‐stimulated lamellipods in MTLn3 cells is well suited to analysis of chemoattractant‐stimulated protrusion. Actin polymerization occurs within 200 nm of the extending edge of the lamellipod. Although extension of the lamellipod is not dependent upon interaction with the substratum, stabilization of the extended lamellipod is dependent on an adhesive substratum. Dorsal ruffling is suppressed during lamellipod extension. Tyrosine phosphorylation is reduced in preexisting focal contacts compared to new contacts induced by EGF stimulation. The coordination of turnover of focal contacts with lamellipod extension is proposed to result in polarized cell motility in response to gradients of chemoattractants. Microsc. Res. Tech. 43:433–443, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Avoiding Intellectual Stagnation: The Starship as an Expander of Minds

Interstellar exploration will advance human knowledge and culture in multiple ways. Scientifically, it will advance our understanding of the interstellar medium, stellar astrophysics, planetary science and astrobiology. In addition, significant societal and cultural benefits will result from a programme of interstellar exploration and colonisation. Most important will be the cultural stimuli resulting from expanding the horizons of human experience, and increased opportunities for the spread and diversification of life and culture through the Galaxy. Ultimately, a programme of interstellar exploration may be the only way for human (and post-human) societies to avoid the intellectual stagnation predicted for the "end of history".
Direct comparison between support vector machine and multinomial naive Bayes algorithms for medical abstract classification

In 2011 Matwin et al published a letter to JAMIA entitled ‘Performance of SVM and Bayesian classifiers on the systematic review classification task’. 1 This letter continued a discussion on the relative benefits of using support vector machine (SVM) and Bayesian techniques for performing systematic reviews.2–4 In particular, it was suggested that the running time of algorithms must be taken into consideration when comparing their performances as it becomes very important for large datasets. Following up on this idea, we attempted to directly compare the performance of a Bayesian method with the SVM algorithm used by Cohen in his original work.4 The same SVM system (SVMlight5) with the same parameters as was …
PHYTOPLANKTON SELENIUM REQUIREMENTS: THE CASE FOR SPECIES ISOLATED FROM TEMPERATE AND POLAR REGIONS OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 1

A series of laboratory culture experiments was used to investigate the effect of selenium (Se, 0–10 nM) on the growth, cellular volume, photophysiology, and pigments of two temperate and four polar oceanic phytoplankton species [coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) W. W. Hay et H. P. Mohler, cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. , prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis sp. , and three diatoms—Fragilariopsis cylindrus (Grunow) Kriegar, Chaetoceros sp. , and Thalassiosira antarctica G. Karst. ]. Only Synechoccocus sp. and Phaeocystis sp. did not show any requirement for Se. Under Se‐deficient conditions, the growth rate of E. huxleyi was decreased by 1.6‐fold, whereas cellular volume was increased by 1.9‐fold. Se limitation also decreased chl a (2.5‐fold), maximum relative electron transport rate (1.9‐fold), and saturating light intensity (2.8‐fold), suggesting that Se plays a role in photosynthesis or high‐light acclimation. Pigment analysis for Antarctic taxa provided an interesting counterpoint to the physiology of E. huxleyi. For all Se‐dependent Antarctic diatoms, Se limitation decreased growth rate and chl a content, whereas cellular volume was not affected. Pigment analysis revealed that other pigments were affected under Se deficiency. Photoprotective pigments increased by 1.4‐fold, while diadinoxanthin:diatoxanthin ratios decreased by 1.5‐ to 4.9‐fold under Se limitation, supporting a role for Se in photoprotection. Our results demonstrate an Se growth requirement for polar diatoms and indicate that Se could play a role in the biogeochemical cycles of other nutrients, such as silicic acid in the Southern Ocean. Se measurements made during the austral summer in the Southern Ocean and Se biological requirement were used to discuss possible Se limitation in phytoplankton from contrasting oceanographic regions.
Digital divide and information needs for improving family support among the poor and underserved

Despite of its emotional benefits, communication with family members who live abroad can present a large financial burden for low-income foreign-born individuals. The aims of this study were (1) to explore the current technologies available for low-cost communication with family living abroad and (2) to assess the level of awareness and use of low-cost technologies for family communication as well as related information needs among low-income foreign-born individuals. This mixed-methods study included an environmental scan, survey, and focus groups with low-income foreign-born individuals living in East Harlem in New York City. Low-income individuals who have family members living abroad face financial stress with complicated technology choices for communication with family living abroad and they have many information needs. They would welcome interactive and convenient educational tools that (1) build skills for utilization of various technologies and (2) provide decision support to simplify choosing among the vast array of available communication options.
Breakfast skipping and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Abstract Objective Breakfast skipping has been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the results are inconsistent. No meta-analyses have applied quantitative techniques to compute summary risk estimates. The present study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of observational studies summarizing the evidence on the association between breakfast skipping and the risk of T2D. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting Relevant studies were identified by a search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and SINOMED up to 9 August 2014. We also reviewed reference lists from retrieved articles. We included studies that reported risk estimates (including relative risks, odds ratios and hazard ratios) with 95 % confidence intervals for the association between breakfast skipping and the risk of T2D. Subjects Eight studies involving 106 935 participants and 7419 patients with T2D were included in the meta-analysis. Results A pooled adjusted relative risk for the association between exposure to breakfast skipping and T2D risk was 1·21 (95 % CI 1·12, 1·31; P=0·984; I 2 =0·0 %) in cohort studies and the pooled OR was 1·15 (95 % CI, 1·05, 1·24; P=0·770; I 2 =0·0 %) in cross-sectional studies. Visual inspection of a funnel plot and Begg’s test indicated no evidence of publication bias. Conclusions Breakfast skipping is associated with a significantly increased risk of T2D. Regular breakfast consumption is potentially important for the prevention of T2D.