Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BRI2 (ITM2b) Inhibits Aβ Deposition In Vivo

Analyses of the biologic effects of mutations in the BRI2 (ITM2b) and the amyloid β precursor protein (APP) genes support the hypothesis that cerebral accumulation of amyloidogenic peptides in familial British and familial Danish dementias and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with neurodegeneration. We have used somatic brain transgenic technology to express the BRI2 and BRI2-Aβ1–40 transgenes in APP mouse models. Expression of BRI2-Aβ1–40 mimics the suppressive effect previously observed using conventional transgenic methods, further validating the somatic brain transgenic methodology. Unexpectedly, we also find that expression of wild-type human BRI2 reduces cerebral Aβ deposition in an AD mouse model. Additional data indicate that the 23 aa peptide, Bri23, released from BRI2 by normal processing, is present in human CSF, inhibits Aβ aggregation in vitro and mediates its anti-amyloidogenic effect in vivo. These studies demonstrate that BRI2 is a novel mediator of Aβ deposition in vivo.
Comparing the Effects of E-Government and Social Media Use on Trust in Government: Evidence from Seoul, South Korea

Abstract This study examines how citizens’ use of government social media accounts and e-government websites relate to perceptions of government trustworthiness. We hypothesize that greater use of e-government websites for information by citizens is negatively associated with perceptions of government trustworthiness, whereas greater use of government social media accounts is positively associated with perceptions of government trustworthiness. We investigate these hypotheses using data from a 2012 sample of 1,100 Seoul citizens. In general, the findings offer support for our hypotheses yet also indicate that some dimensions of government trustworthiness are more intransigent than others. This paper concludes by discussing implications for theory and practice.
The relationship between mental health diagnosis and treatment with second-generation antipsychotics over time: a national study of U.S. Medicaid-enrolled children.

OBJECTIVE To describe the relationship between mental health diagnosis and treatment with antipsychotics among U.S. Medicaid-enrolled children over time. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) files for 50 states and the District of Columbia from 2002 to 2007. STUDY DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional design. Using logistic regression, outcomes of mental health diagnosis and filled prescriptions for antipsychotics were standardized across demographic and service use characteristics and reported as probabilities across age groups over time. DATA COLLECTION Center for Medicaid Services data extracted by means of age, ICD-9 codes, service use intensity, and National Drug Classification codes. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Antipsychotic use increased by 62 percent, reaching 354,000 youth by 2007 (2.4 percent). Although youth with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism proportionally were more likely to receive antipsychotics, youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and those with three or more mental health diagnoses were the largest consumers of antipsychotics over time; by 2007, youth with ADHD accounted for 50 percent of total antipsychotic use; 1 in 7 antipsychotic users were youth with ADHD as their only diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS In the context of safety concerns, disproportionate antipsychotic use among youth with nonapproved indications illustrates the need for more generalized efficacy data in pediatric populations.
Expression profiling of SCN8A and NDUFC2 genes in colorectal carcinoma.

AIM The expression differences of SCN8A (which encodes type VIII alpha subunit of voltage gated sodium channel) and NDUFC2 (which encodes C2 subunit of Complex I enzyme in oxidative phosphorylation) genes were evaluated in paired colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues which was relied on our partial transcriptome analysis data in cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 62 paired tissues of CRC patients (34 male, 28 female) were included in the study. The mRNA levels of SCN8A and NDUFC2 genes were determined by using real-time PCR (qRT-PCR and semiquantitative PCR). RESULTS SCN8A gene expression level was significantly lower in tumor tissues (p = 0.0128) and in the patients with the age below 45 years (p = 0.0049). There were also meaningful relationships between the gender, grade of CRC, tumor location, histopathological classification, and SCN8A expression. There was no NDUFC2 differential expression. However, the tumors taken from right colon had significantly lower NDUFC2 expression. CONCLUSION Although the voltage gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and Complex I (CI) were associated to a number of diseases including different types of cancers, the different subunits of CI and individual members of VGSCs seem to be cancer type-specific in varying proportions.
The Study of American Federalism at the Turn of the Century

prominence in recent years of what the me? dia have labeled the "Washington spin doc? tors," who attempt to mold public opinion by influencing the manner in which informa? tion is conveyed and perceived. An example of Washington spin doctoring is the rhetoric issued by recent presidential administrations of both political parties in response to bipar? tisan concerns about the budget deficit's pos? sible negative impact on national economic growth and to the public's growing disen? chantment with the national government's job performance (Public Attitudes on Gov? ernments and Taxes 1994; Pew Research Center 1998; Washington Post-ABC News Poll 1998). Although it can be argued that President Reagan was more vehement in his calls to re? duce governmental spending, Presidents Bush and Clinton also touted their efforts to bring national government spending under control, to reduce the size of the national govern? ment's annual budget deficit, and to improve governmental performance. In his 1996 stateof-the-union address, President Clinton went so far as to declare triumphantly that "the era of big government is over" (Clinton 1996). The political rhetoric concerning the end of "big government" in the United States appar? ently has had an impact. As one nationally prominent commentator wrote, "Few dis? pute anymore that the era of big government is over, as President Bill Clinton announced several years ago. It is ending not only in Washington but in state capitols where en? thusiasm for new spending is hard to find" (Petersen 1999,100). Although recent presidents have seen po? litical benefits in such declarations, the era of "big government" in the United States is not over. National government expenditures have increased (not decreased) every year? both in absolute and in real, inflation-adjusted dollars-since 1980 (OMB 1999). The same is true for national tax expenditures. More? over, although the trend over the past decade is down slightly because of the nation's recent economic expansion, as a percent of gross domestic product, national government ex? penditures, state and local government ex? penditures, and all government expenditures combined have remained (with only mild var? iations) roughly the same since 1970 (OMB 1999). Also, despite the passage of the Un? funded Mandates Reform Act of 1995, the
Effects of Insulin on Body Composition in Patients with Insulin‐dependent and Non‐insulin‐dependent Diabetes

Insulin is used to control blood glucose but may have an adverse effect on the amount and distribution of fat mass and other cardiovascular risk factors. To test this hypothesis the effect of insulin therapy on blood glucose, body composition, and lipid levels was measured during 6 months in 9 patients with newly diagnosed insulin‐dependent (Type 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 15 patients with non‐insulin dependent (Type 2) diabetes (NIDDM) and secondary failure of therapy with oral hypoglycaemic agents. Both groups received similar daily doses of insulin (∼0.6 units kg−1 day−1). Glycaemic control improved during 6 months treatment in both groups, although the reduction in HbA1c was greater in IDDM (5.2 ± 0.7 %) than in NIDDM (2.0 ± 0.4 %, p < 0.001). All parameters of the lipid profile improved in IDDM but not in NIDDM. Body weight, lean mass, and fat mass, measured by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry, increased at 1 month in IDDM but not in NIDDM. By 6 months, body weight had increased more in IDDM than NIDDM (9.1 ± 1.2 vs 3.77 ± 0.5 kg, p < 0.01). The increase in weight was predominantly lean mass in IDDM (60.4 ± 9.3 %) and fat mass in NIDDM (59.9 ± 8.4 %). The increase in lean mass was greater in IDDM than NIDDM (5.6 ± 1.1 vs 1.4 ± 0.3 kg, p < 0.001). Fat mass increased by similar increments in IDDM and NIDDM (3.4 ± 0.8 vs 2.4 ± 0.5 kg, p = ns) and was predominantly an increase in trunk fat (IDDM: 2.3 ± 0.6 kg, NIDDM: 2.0 ± 0.4 kg, p = ns). The central/peripheral fat mass ratio prior to treatment was lower in IDDM than NIDDM (0.64 ± 0.05 vs 1.09 ± 0.09, p < 0.01) and then increased in IDDM by 0.32 ± 0.15 (p = 0.07) and in NIDDM by 0.22 ± 0.06 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, insulin therapy is associated with weight gain in both IDDM and NIDDM. In the former, weight gain reflects increases in lean mass whereas in NIDDM it reflects an increase in trunk fat mass. It remains to be determined whether this trend to central obesity partly offsets other benefits of insulin therapy in NIDDM.
Regression of Left Ventricular Dilation After Percutaneous Closure of a Large Intralobar Pulmonary Sequestration

Abstract We describe an infant of 8 months who presented with left ventricular dilation due to an extensive intralobar sequestration of the right lung. The pulmonary sequestration was associated with a patent arterial duct and a right aortic arch. Percutaneous closure of the anomalous aberrant artery feeding the sequestrated lung resulted in prompt regression of the left ventricular enlargement.
Germline-Specific MATH-BTB Substrate Adaptor MAB1 Regulates Spindle Length and Nuclei Identity in Maize[W]

The length and position of the spindle apparatus change significantly during the meiosis-to-mitosis transition. This study reports on the role of the germline-specific E3 ligase MATH-BTB adaptor protein MAB1 that is required for nuclei separation during meiosis II and asymmetric nuclei positioning during subsequent mega- and microspore division, respectively. Germline and early embryo development constitute ideal model systems to study the establishment of polarity, cell identity, and asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) in plants. We describe here the function of the MATH-BTB domain protein MAB1 that is exclusively expressed in the germ lineages and the zygote of maize (Zea mays). mab1 (RNA interference [RNAi]) mutant plants display chromosome segregation defects and short spindles during meiosis that cause insufficient separation and migration of nuclei. After the meiosis-to-mitosis transition, two attached nuclei of similar identity are formed in mab1 (RNAi) mutants leading to an arrest of further germline development. Transient expression studies of MAB1 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow-2 cells revealed a cell cycle–dependent nuclear localization pattern but no direct colocalization with the spindle apparatus. MAB1 is able to form homodimers and interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligase component Cullin 3a (CUL3a) in the cytoplasm, likely as a substrate-specific adapter protein. The microtubule-severing subunit p60 of katanin was identified as a candidate substrate for MAB1, suggesting that MAB1 resembles the animal key ACD regulator Maternal Effect Lethal 26 (MEL-26). In summary, our findings provide further evidence for the importance of posttranslational regulation for asymmetric divisions and germline progression in plants and identified an unstable key protein that seems to be involved in regulating the stability of a spindle apparatus regulator(s).
High on-treatment platelet reactivity to both aspirin and clopidogrel is associated with the highest risk of adverse events following percutaneous coronary intervention

Aim High on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity (HCPR) and high on-aspirin platelet reactivity (HAPR) are associated with atherothrombotic events following coronary stenting. There are, however, few data concerning high on-treatment platelet reactivity to both aspirin and clopidogrel simultaneously. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of dual high on-treatment platelet reactivity (DAPR) and its impact on clinical outcome. Methods On-treatment platelet reactivity was measured in parallel by ADP- and arachidonic acid-induced light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) (n=921) and the point-of-care VerifyNow system (P2Y12 and aspirin) (n=422) in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy undergoing elective stent implantation. HCPR and HAPR were established by receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal acute myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis and ischaemic stroke at 1-year follow-up. Results The incidence of DAPR varied between 14.7% and 26.9% depending on the platelet function test used. DAPR, assessed by LTA and the VerifyNow system, was highly associated with an adverse clinical outcome. At 1-year follow-up the primary endpoint occurred more frequently in patients with isolated HCPR (11.7%), isolated HAPR (9.6%) or DAPR (10.7%) compared with patients without high on-treatment platelet reactivity (4.2%, all p<0.01) when platelet function was evaluated with LTA. Using the VerifyNow system, patients exhibiting DAPR had the highest risk for the primary endpoint (17.7% vs 4.1% in patients without high on-treatment platelet reactivity, p=0.001). Conclusions In patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention, DAPR to aspirin and clopidogrel is present in one in five patients and is associated with a high risk for atherothrombotic events. DAPR measured by the point-of-care VerifyNow system has a higher predictability for atherothrombotic events than LTA. Clinical Trial Registration Information www.clinicaltrials. gov: NCT00352014.
Enhancing crowd wisdom using measures of diversity computed from social media data

"Wisdom of Crowds" (WoC) refers to a form of collective intelligence in which the aggregate judgment of a group of individuals is, in most instances, superior to that of any one group member. For a crowd to be wise, its members must possess diverse knowledge and viewpoints. Such diversity leads to uncorrelated judgment errors that cancel out in aggregate. Yet despite the fact that diversity is known to be an essential ingredient in WoC, little research aims to measure and exploit diversity in human social systems for the purpose of maximizing crowd intelligence. Here we quantify the diversity of a group of individuals through semantic analysis of their social media (Twitter) communications. Focusing on the domain of fantasy sports, we show that virtual crowds of fantasy team owners selected based on the diversity of their tweet content can outperform both non-diverse and randomly sampled crowds. Our results suggest a new approach for intelligent crowd assembly in which measures of diversity extracted from online social media communications can guide the selection of crowd members. These results have implications for numerous domains that utilize aggregated judgments - from consumer reviews, to econometrics, to geopolitical forecasting and intelligence analysis.
Electricity consumption and growth in Eastern Europe: An ARDL analysis

ABSTRACT Knowledge about the direction of causality between electricity consumption and economic growth is of primary importance if appropriate energy policies and energy conservation measures are to be devised. This study estimates the causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth at per capita and aggregate levels. The study uses the price and income elasticities of total electricity demand by using the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag method for some developing countries in Europe, Albania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia.
Overexpression of Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutase Attenuates Oxidative Inhibition of Astrocyte Glutamate Uptake

Abstract: Glutamate neurotoxicity in brain is normally prevented by rapid uptake of glutamate by astrocytes. Increased expression of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) can increase resistance to cerebral ischemia and other oxidative insults, but the cellular mechanisms by which this occurs are not well established. Here we examine whether increased SOD1 expression can attenuate inhibition of astrocyte glutamate uptake by reactive oxygen species. Primary cortical astrocyte cultures were prepared from transgenic mice that overexpress human SOD1 and from nontransgenic littermate controls. Glutamate uptake was assessed after exposure of these cultures to xanthine oxidase plus hypoxanthine, an extracellular superoxide generating system, or to menadione, which generates superoxide in the cytosol. These treatments produced dose‐dependent reductions in astrocyte glutamate uptake, and the reductions were significantly attenuated in the SOD1 transgenic astrocytes. A specific effect of reactive oxygen species on glutamate transporters was suggested by the much smaller inhibitory effects of xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine and menadione on GABA uptake than on glutamate uptake. These findings suggest that the cerebroprotective effects of increased SOD1 expression during cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion could be mediated in part by astrocyte glutamate transport.
Anatomic feasibility of endovascular reconstruction in aortic arch aneurysms

The purpose was to estimate the proportion of current open aortic arch reconstructions that might be feasible for endovascular repair. From all elective repair made in Southern Sweden in one center between 2005 and 2012, 129 open and eight endovascular aortic arch repairs were identified. The anatomy of the ascending arch and descending aorta as well as the arch vessels was categorized from multiplanar and axial computed tomography scans. Of 129 open cases, only two (1.5%) were suitable for endovascular repair. Among 137 all arch open and endovascular arch reconstructions performed during the study period, only 10 (7%) were candidates for endovascular repair. The most common exclusion for endovascular repair was an excessively large ascending aortic diameter. In conclusion, only a small proportion of patients having an open arch repair are suitable for endovascular arch repair, a finding related to the large diameter of the ascending aorta.
Dual‐color fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy to quantify protein–protein interactions in live cell

Dual‐color fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is an interesting method to quantify protein interaction in living cells. But, when performing these experiments, one must compensate for a known spectral bleed through artifact that corrupts cross‐correlation data. In this article, problems with crosstalk were overcome with an approach based on fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy (FLCS). We show that FLCS applied to dual‐color EGFP and mCherry cross‐correlation allows the determination of protein–protein interactions in living cells without the need of spectral bleed through calibration. The methodology was validated by using EGFP‐mCherry tandem in comparison with coexpressed EGFP and mCherry in live cell. The dual‐color FLCS experimental procedure where the different laser intensities do not have to be controlled during experiment is really very helpful to study quantitatively protein interactions in live sample. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Se p 20 05 Revisiting the Local Scaling Hypothesis in Stably Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layer Turbulence : an Integration of Field and LaboratoryMeasurements with Large-eddy Simulations

The ‘local scaling’ hypothesis, first introduced by Nieuwstadt two decades ago, describes the turbulence structure of stable boundary layers in a very succinct way and is an integral part of numerous local closure-based numerical weather prediction models. However, the validity of this hypothesis under very stable conditions is a subject of on-going debate. In this work, we attempt to address this controversial issue by performing extensive analyses of turbulence data from several field campaigns, wind-tunnel experiments and large-eddy simulations. Wide range of stabilities, diverse field conditions and a comprehensive set of turbulence statistics make this study distinct.
Triosephosphate Isomerase Genes in Two Trophic Modes of Euglenoids (Euglenophyceae) and Their Phylogenetic Analysis

ABSTRACT. Two different length cDNAs encoding triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) were identified in the two trophic modes of euglenoids, the phototrophic Euglena gracilis and Euglena intermedia and the saprotrophic Astasia longa. Sequence analyses and presequence prediction indicated that the shorter cDNA encodes a cytosolic TIM and the longer cDNA encodes a plastid TIM (pTIM). The typical presequence of the putative A. longa pTIM and the high sequence similarity between A. longa pTIM and E. gracilis pTIM imply that A. longa pTIM is targeted to plastids. Therefore, although the plastids of A. longa have lost the ability of photosynthesis, they might retain other TIM‐related function(s), such as glycolysis and the synthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate or fatty acids. Including the TIM sequences obtained by us from chlorophytes and rhodophytes, our phylogenetic analyses indicated that euglenoid TIMs group neither with TIMs of kinetoplastids, which share the nearest common ancestor with euglenoids, nor are closely related to TIMs of chlorophytes, which are considered to be the donors of euglenoid plastids through secondary endosymbiosis. Instead, they group with TIMs of rhodophytes. In addition, our amino acid sequence alignment and structure modeling showed that TIMs of euglenoids and rhodophytes share a unique 2‐aa insertion within their loop‐4 areas. Therefore, either tim convergent evolution or lateral gene transfer (more probably) might have occurred between euglenoids and rhodophytes after the divergence of euglenoids with kinetoplastids.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ACHIEVING ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS

In the past decade, a lot of work and research has been done in international practice of public relations especially in the United States of America, United Kingdom and Europe. However, some other regions, such as Africa and Latin America, have not been adequately studied by researchers (Wu, Taylor & Chen, 2001). In the light of this, the knowledge of the practice of public relations needs to be broadened in Africa, especially its practice in the private tertiary institutions. This study sought to discover the contribution of public relations in achieving the organizational goals of private tertiary institutions in the Ashanti Region. This chapter discusses the background to the problem, the problem statement, the purpose statement, objectives of the study, the research questions, significance of the study, the scope of the study and the operationalization of key terms.