Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Third Country Effect of Migration: the Trade-Migration Nexus Revisited

This paper proposes a new channel through which migrants can affect the import demand of the host country. In migrating from origin to destination country, migrants observe a change in the prices of the bundle of consumable goods. In particular, the migration decision can reflect a reduction in the price of imported goods (due to lower applied tariff) for the consumption bundle of migrants: emigration towards less (tariff) protected countries allows the consumption of products that were prohibitively protected in the origin countries of migrants. To test this channel we estimate the import demand effect of migrant groups coming from third high (tariff) protected countries. We use a theory-grounded gravity estimations and a fresh econometric techniques able to address both the zero migration flows problem and the endogeneity of migrants. Our results suggest that such a third-country immigrant effect is significant and positive.
FLOWERING LOCUS C Mediates Natural Variation in the High-Temperature Response of the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock[W]

Temperature compensation contributes to the accuracy of biological timing by preventing circadian rhythms from running more quickly at high than at low temperatures. We previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) with temperature-specific effects on the circadian rhythm of leaf movement, including a QTL linked to the transcription factor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). We have now analyzed FLC alleles in near-isogenic lines and induced mutants to eliminate other candidate genes. We showed that FLC lengthened the circadian period specifically at 27°C, contributing to temperature compensation of the circadian clock. Known upstream regulators of FLC expression in flowering time pathways similarly controlled its circadian effect. We sought to identify downstream targets of FLC regulation in the molecular mechanism of the circadian clock using genome-wide analysis to identify FLC-responsive genes and 3503 transcripts controlled by the circadian clock. A Bayesian clustering method based on Fourier coefficients allowed us to discriminate putative regulatory genes. Among rhythmic FLC-responsive genes, transcripts of the transcription factor LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX) correlated in peak abundance with the circadian period in flc mutants. Mathematical modeling indicated that the modest change in peak LUX RNA abundance was sufficient to cause the period change due to FLC, providing a molecular target for the crosstalk between flowering time pathways and circadian regulation.
Thermal analysis of water cooled surface mount permanent magnet electric motor for electric vehicle

This paper investigates thermal analysis of water cooled surface mount permanent magnet synchronous motor by two approaches. One is a lumped parameter thermal model which enables quickly to predict temperature rise in the electric machine. The other is 3D finite element method which can precisely calculate the temperature considering the effect of end-winding and housing. In addition, the cooling system design plays an important role, which decides the capacity of heat dissipation. The detailed cooling system design is presented including the calculation of fluid resistance and forced convection coefficient as well as energy consumption of pump. The influences of flow rate and thermal contact on the temperature distribution are studied.
Self‐assembled monolayers of DNA on cysteamine modified Au(111) surface: Atomic force microscopy study

The λ‐DNA molecules self‐assemble on cysteamine‐modified gold (111) surface to form flat‐lying self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs). The formation kinetics of such DNA SAMs is studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM results show that DNA molecules do not arrange themselves on cysteamine‐modified gold (111) surface into a well‐ordered monolayer. It is also found that the surface density of DNA monolayer does not increase as the DNA concentration increases. The high temperature of DNA solution and the immersing in ultrapure water produce some obvious DNA bundles. Whereas divalent cations in DNA solution result in the formation of more compact DNA films. The obtained information may be useful for practical application of the DNA films and further theoretical studies. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microenvironment and Immunology Ly 49 Family Receptors Are Required for Cancer Immunosurveillance Mediated by Natural Killer Cells

According to the missing-self hypothesis, natural killer (NK) cells survey for target cells that lack MHC-I molecules. The Ly49 receptor family recognizes loss ofMHC-I and is critical for educating NK cells, conferring the ability to eliminate transformed or infected cells. In this study, we evaluated their requirement in innate immune surveillance of cancer cells using genetically manipulated mice with attenuated expression of Ly49 receptors (NKC) in several models of carcinoma and metastasis. We found that NKC mice exhibited uncontrolled tumor growth andmetastases. Expression of twoMHC-I alleles, H-2K and H-2D, was decreased in tumors from NKC mice in support of the likelihood of NK-mediated tumor immunoediting. These tumor cells exhibited directed alterations to their cell surface expression in response to the genetically altered immune environment to evade host recognition. Immunoediting in NKCmice was restricted toMHC-I molecules, which are ligands for Ly49 receptors, while expression of Rae-1 and Mult1, ligands for another NK cell receptor, NKG2D, were unaffected. Restoring NK cell education in NKC mice with a transgene for the inhibitory self-MHC-I receptor Ly49I restored suppression of cancer onset and growth. Interestingly, immune surveillance mediated by activating Ly49 receptors remained intact in NKC mice, as demonstrated by the ability to stimulate the NKG2D receptor with tumor cells or splenocytes expressing Rae-1. Together, our results genetically establish the integral role of Ly49 in NK cell-mediated control of carcinogenesis through MHC-I–dependent missing-self recognition. Cancer Res; 74(14); 3684–94. 2014 AACR.
Peptide Transport in Helicobacter pylori: Roles of Dpp and Opp Systems and Evidence for Additional Peptide Transporters

ABSTRACT Despite research into the nutritional requirements of Helicobacter pylori, little is known regarding its use of complex substrates, such as peptides. Analysis of genome sequences revealed putative ABC-type transporter genes for dipeptide (dppABCDF) and oligopeptide (oppABCD) transport. Genes from each system were PCR amplified, cloned, and disrupted by cassette insertion either individually (dppA, dppB, dppC, oppA, oppB, and oppC) or to create double mutants (dppA oppA, dppB oppB, dppB dppC, and oppB oppC). Peptide-utilizing abilities of the strains were assessed by monitoring growth in a chemically defined medium where the only source of the essential amino acid isoleucine was from peptides of various lengths (two to nine amino acids long). The dipeptide system mutants lacked the ability to use certain dipeptides, hexapeptides, and nonapeptides. However, these mutants retained some ability to grow with other dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides. Of the oligopeptide mutants, only the oppB strain differed significantly from the wild type. This strain showed a wild-type phenotype for growth with longer peptides (hexa- and nonapeptides) while having a decreased ability to utilize di-, tri-, and tetrapeptides. The dppA oppA and dppB oppB mutants showed similar phenotypes to those of the dppA and dppB mutants, respectively. Peptide digestion by metalloproteases was ruled out as the cause for residual peptide transport by growing mutant strains in the presence of either EDTA or EGTA. Degradation products associated with a fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled hexapeptide (plus cells) were minimal. An as yet unidentified peptide transport system(s) in H. pylori is proposed to be responsible for the residual transport.
Delayed Update Algorithms for Quantum Monte Carlo Simulation on GPU: Extended Abstract

QMCPACK is open source scientific software designed to perform Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulation, a first-principles method for describing many-body systems. The evaluation of each Monte Carlo move requires finding the determinant of a dense matrix in the wave functions. This calculation forms a key computational kernel in QMCPACK. After each accepted event, the wave function matrix undergoes a rank-one update to represent a single particle move within the system. The matrix inverse is updated via the Sherman-Morrison formula; occasionally, the explicit inverse must be recomputed to maintain numerical stability. ; We propose an alternate approach to this kernel that utilizes QR factorization to maintain stability without refactorization. In addition, algorithms based on a novel delayed update scheme are explored in this effort. This strategy enables probability evaluation for multiple successive Monte Carlo moves, with application of accepted moves to the wave function matrix delayed until an event is denied, or a predetermined limit on acceptances p is reached. Accepted events grouped in this manner are then applied to the matrix en bloc with enhanced arithmetic intensity and computational efficiency. Delayed update Sherman-Morrison probability evaluation algorithms with CPU and GPU-accelerated implementations are tested, profiled, and analyzed. A QR based delayed update algorithm remains in development. Results are evaluated against existing methods for numerical stability and efficiency; emphasis is placed on large systems, for which acceleration is critical.
Prospective Study on Salivary Evening Melatonin and Sleep before and after Pinealectomy in Humans

Melatonin is secreted systemically from the pineal gland maximally at night but is also produced locally in many tissues. Its chronobiological function is mainly exerted by pineal melatonin. It is a feedback regulator of the main circadian pacemaker in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei and of many peripheral oscillators. Although exogenous melatonin is approved for circadian rhythm sleep disorders and old-age insomnia, research on endogenous melatonin in humans is hindered by the great interindividual variability of its amount and circadian rhythm. Single case studies on pinealectomized patients report on disrupted but also hypersomnic sleep. This is the first systematic prospective report on sleep with respect to pinealectomy due to pinealocytoma World Health Organization grade I without chemo- or radiotherapy. Before and after pinealectomy, 8 patients completed questionnaires on sleep quality and circadian rhythm (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire), 2 nights of polysomnography, salivary evening melatonin profiles, and qualitative assessment of 2 weeks of actigraphy and sleep logs. Six patients were assessed retrospectively up to 4 years after pinealectomy. Before pinealectomy, all but 1 patient showed an evening melatonin rise typical for indifferent chronotypes. After pinealectomy, evening saliva melatonin was markedly diminished, mostly below the detection limit of the assay (0.09 pg/mL). No systematic change in subjective sleep quality or standard measures of polysomnography was found. Mean pre- and postoperative sleep efficiency was 94% and 95%, and mean sleep-onset latency was 21 and 17 min, respectively. Sleep-wake rhythm during normal daily life did not change. Retrospective patients had a reduced sleep efficiency (90%) and more stage changes, although this was not significantly different from prospective patients. In conclusion, melatonin does seem to have a modulatory, not a regulatory, effect on standard measures of sleep. Study output is limited by small sample size and because only evening melatonin profiles were assessed.
Assessment of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity properties of Uvaria chamae P. Beauv (Annonaceae) and Morinda lucida Benth (Rubiaceae) in mice

Abstract The toxicity profile of medicinal plants is an important preclinical requirement in the development of phytomedicines. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the leaf of Uvaria chamae P. Beauv (Annonaceae) and stem bark of Morinda lucida Benth (Rubiaceae) were investigated in order to provide information on their safety as antimalarial plants. The methanol extract of U. chamae and ethanol (70%) extract of M. lucida were separately orally administered (125, 250, and 750 mg/kg/day) to mice for 10 consecutive days. Cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg, single dose) and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The mice were injected with colchicine (0.04%) intra-peritoneally 24 h after the last administration of the extracts and the bone marrows harvested. Giemsa-stained slides of bone marrow cells were microscopically assessed for dividing cells to determine the mitotic index (MI) and scored for chromosomal aberrations (CA) according to standard methods. chamae exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity. At 750 mg/kg, the MI was significantly (p < 0.05) lower (1.81 ± 0.04) than that of cyclophosphamide (5.83 ± 0.04). The lower the MI, the higher the cytotoxicity. The activity of M. lucida was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from that of the negative control. The total CA observed from treatment with both plants at all doses were significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that of control. This study concluded that U. chamae showed both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity while M. lucida exerted only genotoxic effect. Nevertheless, the two plants should be used with caution in antimalarial therapy.
Pay for power? Explaining CEO compensation as a function of CEO power

Dieser Artikel untersucht die Rolle der Macht als eine Erklarung fur die Vergutung des Top Managements. Unsere Hypothese ist, dass die Machtverteilung zwischen CEO, Verwaltungsrat und Aktionaren eine wichtige Rolle spielt in der Vergutung des CEOs. Wir untersuchen verschiedene Faktoren, welche die Machtverteilung beschreiben und testen unsere Hypothese an einer Stichprobe Schweizer Firmen. Unsere Resultate unterstutzen die These, dass Macht ein wichtiger Faktor in der Vergutung des Top Managements in der Schweiz spielt. CEO Faktoren wie der Status als Star CEO oder die Verschmelzung mit dem VR-Prasidium, Verwaltungsratsfaktoren wie Unabhangigkeit oder Prasenz eines Entschadigungsausschusses sowie die Aktionarsstruktur spielen alle eine Rolle in der Entschadigung des CEOs.
Detection of brain amyloid β deposition in patients with neuropsychological impairment after traumatic brain injury: PET evaluation using Pittsburgh Compound-B

Abstract Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an epigenetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amyloid β (Aβ) deposition is observed histopathologically in the traumatized brain. This study was conducted to detect cerebral Aβ deposition using amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with neuropsychological impairment after TBI. Methods: Twelve patients with post-traumatic neuropsychological impairment (11 men and one woman, age range = 21–78 years) were examined using Pittsburgh Compound B (11C-PIB) PET at the chronic stage after TBI (range = 5–129 months). Results: 11C-PIB was positive in three patients and negative in the other nine patients. There was no correlation between 11C-PIB deposition and the severity of injury; initial CT findings; elapsed time from the injury; and neuropsychological test scores. Conclusions: The absence of Aβ deposition in many patients with chronic neuropsychological impairment after TBI does not support the premise that Aβ pathology progresses over time in the traumatized brain. Early and sequential 11C-PIB PET examination may clarify the time course of Aβ deposition in the traumatized brain and the relationship between traumatic brain insult and subsequent neuropsychological impairment.
Artificial magnetic nano-swimmer in drug delivery

In this paper a nano-swimmer with length between 10 to 100nm consisting of a motor, filament and hinged boundaries is controlled by mathematical simulations successfully. A nanoswimmer that lies in a heterodimer magnetic nano-particle is proposed based on existed nano-robots. Dynamic of swimming is simulated by using some sequence of shape changes where magnetic forces act on one-ends of nano-swimmer. This idea is applied to simulate drug delivery from specific point of human body to the targeted point where it is assumed transport drug lies in a nano-particle. Here, the hyper-diffusion equation that is a fourth order partial differential equation is proposed to model swimming at nano-scale. The unknown control function (magnetic force) that acts on the boundary is calculated to minimize the drug delivery energy cost. Two novel algorithms for the computation of optimal boundary control and estimation of its error function are proposed. Shape function deformations for the elastic tail of the nano-swimmer for various finite times are depicted. Numerical results for the control function for the nano-scale drug deliver are presented.
The metabolism of the 5HT3 antagonists, ondansetron, alosetron and GR87442 II: Investigation into the in vitro methods used to predict the in vivo hepatic clearance of ondansetron, alosetron and GR87442 in the rat, dog and human

The in vitro clearances of the 5HT3 antagonists, ondansetron, alosetron and GR87442 were investigated. Intrinsic clearances using either metabolite formation or substrate depletion methods were equivalent (R2 = 0.95). Hepatocytes from preclinical species were superior to microsomes for the prediction of hepatic clearance (CLH), whereas the predictions from human microsomes and hepatocytes were similar. Using a non-restrictive model, seven of the nine CLH predictions using hepatocytes were within 2-fold of the in vivo CLH values. If the unbound fraction was included, the clearance of the compounds was generally under-predicted by both in vitro models. However, for the most metabolically stable compound, GR87442, the non-restrictive model over-predicted CLp. This and the possibility of extrahepatic metabolism indicate that the restrictive model is more appropriate for prediction of CLH. The rank order of metabolic stability correlated with that in vivo. All three compounds were more metabolically stable in human than in the preclinical animal species examined.
Environmental and Farmer’s Managerial Characteristic Effect toward Production and Technical Efficiency on Rice Farm in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

—The program of increasing food security by improving the productivity of farm production especially rice production through technology use and innovation face significant problem related to the land decreasing and quality of environmental and natural sources support. The study was aimed to identify technical factor, managerial, and environmental factor which influenced production and efficiency of rice farm production in Yogyakarta Special Province. The survey was conducted to rice farmers in rice field areas in 25 points of research location from 8 rivers those are the main sources of the irrigation system in Yogyakarta Special Province area. Data analyzing used stochastic frontier production function by inserting inefficiency effect model to identify determining factors of rice production as well as influential factors of rice farm production efficiency. The result showed that the land and total pesticide had positive influent toward rice production. Also, the farmer’s experience and the availability of credit access can increase the technical efficiency of rice farm production. The improvement of irrigation facility and irrigation water quality control became an important environmental issue that should get significant attention.
Subtypes of anhedonia and facial electromyography response to negative affective pictures in non-psychiatric adults

Introduction. Flat/constricted affect and anhedonia are symptoms found in several psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. However, there are very few studies on the relationships between specific anhedonia subtypes and objectively assessed flat affect, and it appears that none of the existing studies examined potential moderation by sex. Methods. Forty-seven undergraduate students (60% male) completed self-report questionnaires assessing three subtypes of anhedonia – non-social consummatory (CON) and anticipatory (ANT) anhedonia, and overall social anhedonia. Participants viewed 15 pictures (5 neutral and 10 negative) from the International Affective Picture System, whereas facial muscle reaction was recorded using electromyography (EMG). Results. Male participants reporting a greater level of overall social or non-social CON anhedonia showed a greater EMG activity increase in the corrugator supercilii muscle to negative (vs. neutral) pictures. In females, the relationship was only found with social anhedonia and was opposite in direction, as increased social anhedonia related to less EMG activity change in the corrugator muscle. Conclusions. The relationship between anhedonia and flat affect varied as a function of sex and anhedonia subtype. These findings may help explain discrepancies in the sparse existing literature examining this relationship in psychiatric populations and have implications for assessment and treatment of these symptoms across psychiatric disorders.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacist-led fee-for-services medication review.

AIM The aim was to examine the impact of fee-for-service pharmacist-led medication review on patient outcomes and quantify this according to the type of review undertaken, e.g. adherence support and clinical medication review. METHODS Relevant published studies were identified from Medline, Embase and International Pharmaceutical Abstract databases (from inception to February 2011). Study inclusion criteria were fee-for-service medication review, presence of a control group and pre-specified patient outcomes. Outcomes were grouped into primary (changes in biomarkers, hospitalization, and mortality) and secondary outcomes (medication adherence, economic implications and quality of life). Meta-analyses for primary outcomes were conducted using random effects models and secondary outcomes were summarized using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Of the 135 relevant articles located, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria for primary outcomes and 32 for secondary outcomes. Significant results favouring pharmacists' intervention were found for blood pressure (OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.58, 7.75, P = 0.002) and low density lipoprotein (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.17, 4.72, P = 0.02). Outcomes on hospitalization (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.39, 1.21, P = 0.19) and mortality (OR 1.50, 95% CI 0.65 to 3.46, P = 0.34) indicated no differences between the groups. On subgroup analysis, clinical medication review (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.26, 0.83, P = 0.01) but not adherence support review (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.59, 1.32, P = 0.54) reduced hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS The majority of the studies (57.9%) showed improvement in medication adherence. Fee-for-service pharmacist-led medication reviews showed positive benefits on patient outcomes. Interventions that include a clinical review had a significant impact on patient outcomes by attainment of target clinical biomarkers and reduced hospitalization.