Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WNT4 is a key regulator of normal postnatal uterine development and progesterone signaling during embryo implantation and decidualization in the mouse

WNT4, a member of the Wnt family of ligands, is critical for the development of the female reproductive tract. Analysis of Wnt4 expression in the adult uterus during pregnancy indicates that it may play a role in the regulation of endometrial stromal cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, which is required to support the developing embryo. To investigate the role of Wnt4 in adult uterine physiology, conditional ablation of Wnt4 using the PRC” mouse model was accomplished. Ablation of Wnt4 rendered female mice subfertile due to a defect in embryo implantation and subsequent defects in endometrial stromal cell survival, differentiation, and responsiveness to progesterone signaling. In addition to altered stromal cell function, the uteri of PITe/+ Wnt4f/f (Wnt4d/d) mice displayed altered epithelial differentiation characterized by a reduction in the number of uterine glands and the emergence of a p63‐positive basal cell layer beneath the columnar luminal epithelial cells. The altered epithelial cell phenotype was further escalated by chronic estrogen treatment, which caused squamous cell metaplasia of the uterine epithelium in the Wnt4d/d mice. Thus, WNT4 is a critical regulator not only of proper postnatal uterine development, but also embryo implantation and decidualization. —Franco, H. L. , Dai, D. , Lee, K. Y. , Rubel, C. S. , Roop, D. , Boerboom, D. , Jeong, J.‐W. , Lydon, J.‐P., Bagchi, I. C. , Bagchi, M. K. , DeMayo, F. J. WNT4 is a key regulator of normal postnatal uterine development and progesterone signaling during embryo implantation and decidualization in the mouse. FASEB J. 25, 1176–1187 (2011). www.fasebj. org
Cycloconverter-Based Double-Ended Microinverter Topologies for Solar Photovoltaic AC Module

This paper investigates a novel half-bridge cycloconverter configuration on load side with devices operating at line frequency, thus providing direct high-frequency ac to line frequency ac conversion with transformer isolation. This paper also presents a detailed comparative study and evaluation of double-ended converters, viz., full-bridge, half-bridge, and push-pull-based microinverter topologies for solar photovoltaic ac module. Double-ended converters offer merits of no transformer saturation, reduced transformer, and filter size. Simple sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation for standalone mode and current control for grid-tied mode are implemented for front-end devices. Comparative study reveals that half-bridge topology is cheaper than the other two topologies and has comparable efficiency with full bridge. A 250-W laboratory prototype of half-bridge microinverter is developed, and experimental results are demonstrated to show its performance under various conditions, i.e., standalone, grid-tied, and change of current references.
The voice of the teacher in curriculum development : a voice crying in the wilderness?

Education in South Africa is faci ng great challenges, especially with regard to curriculum development. Teach ers are principal role-players in the process of addressing these challenges. The question is: Are they allowed to participate in the process, and if they do participate, what is the nature of their involvement? Within the context of the current curriculum changes in education in South Africa, stringent demands are being made on teachers. This process of continuous change has not yet stabilised and therefore it is imperative that there should be dialogue about what is expected of teachers when it is suggested that they should be "more involved in curriculum development". An attempt is made to contribute to this discourse by focusing on what is meant by teacher involvement in brief, the possible viewpoints regarding this concept, and the real nature and extent of possible involvement within a specific South African context. Results of the research project indicated that teachers were for the most part excluded from participation in curriculum development at curriculum levels outside the classroom. Their perception was that, although they were the subject and/or learning area specialists, little attention, if any, was given to their "voice" - they were only involved in the implementation of the new curriculum.
A KINEMATIC EDDY VISCOSITY MODEL INCLUDING THE INFLUENCE OF DENSITY VARIATIONS AND PRETURBULENCE

A model for the kinematic eddy viscosity has been developed which accounts for the turbulence produced as a result of jet interactions between adjacent streams as well as the turbulence initially present in the streams. In order to describe the turbulence contribution from jet interaction, the eddy viscosity suggested by Prandtl has been adopted, and a modification has been introduced to account for the effect of density variation through the mixing layer. The form of the modification was ascertained from a study of the compressible turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate. A kinematic eddy viscosity relation which corresponds to the initial turbulence contribution has been derived by employing arguments used by Prandtl in his mixing length hypothesis. The resulting expression for self-preserving . flow is similar to that which describes the mixing of a submerged jet.
Analyzing and improving MIMO radar detection performance in the presence of cybersecurity attacks

A distributed MIMO radar system consists of multiple transmitters, receivers, and a fusion center where the final target detection decision is made. It has previously been shown that a distributed MIMO radar offers improved performance compared with a conventional radar system due to the increased system diversity and degrees of freedom. However, as a complicated distributed system, it is vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks against its three key components: the transmitters, the receivers, and the communication links that connect them and the fusion center. In this paper, we investigate the impact of cybersecurity attacks on detection performance of a distributed MIMO radar. We show that the target detection performance degrades very significantly if the MIMO radar is not aware of the attacks. To mitigate the attacks, we develop robust detection schemes which can greatly improve detection performance when the radar is under attack.
Low-Complexity CFO Estimation for Multi-User Massive MIMO Systems

Low-complexity carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation and compensation in multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is a challenging problem. The existing CFO estimation algorithms incur tremendous increase in complexity with increasing number of base station (BS) antennas, $M$ and number of user terminals (UTs) $K$ (i.e. massive MIMO regime). In this paper, we address this problem by proposing a novel low-complexity algorithm for CFO estimation which uses the pilot signal received at the BS during special uplink slots. The total per-channel use complexity of the proposed algorithm increases only linearly with increasing $M$ and is independent of $K$. Analysis reveals that the CFO estimation accuracy can be considerably improved by increasing $M$ and $K$ (i.e. massive MIMO regime). For example, for a fixed $K$ and a fixed training length, the required per-user radiated power during uplink training decreases as $\frac{1}{\sqrt{M}}$ with increasing $M$.
Stochastic rotational catalysis of proton pumping F-ATPase

F-ATPases synthesize ATP from ADP and phosphate coupled with an electrochemical proton gradient in bacterial or mitochondrial membranes and can hydrolyse ATP to form the gradient. F-ATPases consist of a catalytic F1 and proton channel F0 formed from the α3β3γδε and ab2c10 subunit complexes, respectively. The rotation of γεc10 couples catalyses and proton transport. Consistent with the threefold symmetry of the α3β3 catalytic hexamer, 120° stepped revolution has been observed, each step being divided into two substeps. The ATP-dependent revolution exhibited stochastic fluctuation and was driven by conformation transmission of the β subunit (phosphate-binding P-loop/α-helix B/loop/β-sheet4). Recent results regarding mechanically driven ATP synthesis finally proved the role of rotation in energy coupling.
Efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Treatment Resistant Schizophreinia : A double-blind study

Background : ECT, though not favoured in the West for treating schizophrenia, is regularly practiced in India for this indication, particularly in poorly responding/treatment resistant cases.Therefore, its role in treatment-resistant schizophrenia is a subject of systematic investigation. Aim : To compare the effectiveness and safety of Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a group of treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients with a control group. Method : Eligible and consenting patients were randomly allocated to the ECT or Sham ECT groups. Both received antipsychotic drugs.Twenty-five patients completed the study (ECT, n= IS; Sham ECT, n= 10). The study was conducted in a double-blind manner. Clinical change was assessed weekly with BPRS, CGI and adverse event measures.ANOVA for repeated measures and other post-hoc comparisons were used for data analysis. Results: ECT treated patients improved significantly over successive weeks (p< 0.002) after 6 ECTs, whereas the group receiving sham-ECT did not In both the groups, however, CGI scores did not change significantly, suggesting a dissociated response pattern. ECT was associated with greater relief among carers and lower rehospitalization. Conclusion : ECT augmentation may well have a significant impact on the clinical course of patients with treatment resistance schizophrenia. It is unclear, but possible, that these changes may be reinforced and maintained by maintenance ECTs. Replication of the present investigation and further studies on maintenance ECT would be rewarding.
Satisfiability Data Mining for Binary Data Classification Problems

Satisfiability Data Mining (SAT-DM) is a new method for binary data classification problems, based on generating a collection of logical clauses, or equivalently a collection of inequalities in zero-one variables, for each group of points representing a given classification. A point with unknown membership is classified as belonging to a particular group based on comparing the number or proportion of the inequalities it satisfies for that group versus the number or proportion it satisfies for other groups. We make use of a fundamental observation which states that inequalities are satisfied by a subset of elements of a particular group (and correspondingly violated by a subset of elements from a complementary group) if and only if these inequalities correspond to feasible solutions to a special variant of a satisfiability problem. Based on this, we propose a method for generating membership-defining systems of inequalities that provide a filter for segregating points lying in different groups. Satisfiability data mining may be viewed as a procedure for generating multiple hyperplanes that segregate points of different groups by isolating their logical properties. The inequalities produced by SAT-DM capture classification regions in feature space that are more varied and complex than those derived from hyperplane separating procedures such as those used in support vector machines (SVMs) and related procedures based on linear programming and convex analysis. A particularly useful feature is the ability to generate the collections of segregating inequalities (complementary half-spaces) in a highly efficient manner, allowing the approach to handle large data sets without difficulty. The underlying processes can also be used for feature selection, or more generally attribute selection, to isolate a subset of attributes from large data sets that yield a high classification power while reducing the time and complexity of classification.
The application of multi-objective programming in single soft-fault diagnosis of nonlinear analog circuit with tolerance

In this paper, a single soft-fault diagnosis approach using the theory of multi-objective programming (MOP) for analog circuit with parameter tolerance is proposed. Based on the sensitivity analysis, node-voltage incremental equations are built. Then, with the equations as constraint conditions, MOP concept is used to diagnose analog circuit under test (CUT) quantitatively. Through evaluating the parameters deviations from the solution of the MOP equation, it enables us to state whether the actual parameters are within tolerance ranges or some elements are faulty. Simulated examples illustrate the proposed approach and show its effectiveness.
Form Factors for Integrable Lagrangian Field

Using Watson’s and the recursive equations satisfied by matrix elements of local operators in two-dimensional integrable models, we compute the form factors of the elementary field φ(x) and the stress-energy tensor Tμν(x) of Sinh-Gordon theory. Form factors of operators with higher spin or with different asymptotic behaviour can easily be deduced from them. The value of the correlation functions are saturated by the form factors with lowest number of particle terms. This is illustrated by an application of the form factors of the trace of Tμν(x) to the sum rule of the c-theorem.
A Preliminary Study of Utilization of the 1320‐nm Nd:YAG Laser for the Treatment of Acne Scarring

BACKGROUND Multiple treatment modalities have been used for the revision of acne scarring with varying degrees of success. Nonablative laser resurfacing has recently been shown to improve the appearance of atrophic acne scars. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the efficacy of a 1320-nm Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of acne scars. METHODS Eight patients with facial acne scars received six monthly treatments with a 1320-nm Nd:YAG laser with built-in cryogen cooling. Results were evaluated by objective and patient assessment using a 6-point improvement scale: 1=no improvement, 6=80% to 100% improvement. RESULTS Acne scar improvement was statistically significant at both the 5-month and 1-year marks. Mean improvement by objective assessment was 3.9 points (p=0.002) at 5 months and 4.3 points (p=0.011) at 1 years. The mean acne scar improvement by patient assessment was 3.6 points (p=0.002) at 5 months. CONCLUSION The 1320-nm Nd:YAG laser with cryogen cooling significantly improves the appearance of acne scarring.
On the locality of distributed sparse spanner construction

The paper presents a deterministic distributed algorithm that, given k ≥ 1, constructs in k rounds a (2k-1,0)-spanner of O(k n<sup>1+1/k</sup>) edges for every n-node unweighted graph. (If n is not available to the nodes, then our algorithm executes in 3k-2 rounds, and still returns a (2k-1,0)-spanner with O(k n<sup>1+1/k</sup>) edges. ) Previous distributed solutions achieving such optimal stretch-size trade-off either make use of randomization providing performance guarantees in expectation only, or perform in log<sup>Ω(1)</sup>n rounds, and all require a priori knowledge of n. Based on this algorithm, we propose a second deterministic distributed algorithm that, for every ε > 0, constructs a (1+ε,2)-spanner of O(ε<sup>-1</sup> n<sup>3/2</sup>) edges in O(ε<sup>-1</sup>) rounds, without any prior knowledge on the graph. Our algorithms are complemented with lower bounds, which hold even under the assumption that n is known to the nodes. It is shown that any (randomized) distributed algorithm requires k rounds in expectation to compute a (2k-1,0)-spanner of o(n<sup>1+1/(k-1)</sup>) edges for k ∈ {2,3,5}. It is also shown that for every k>1, any (randomized) distributed algorithm that constructs a spanner with fewer than n<sup>1+1/k + ε</sup> edges in at most n<sup>ε</sup> expected rounds must stretch some distances by an additive factor of n<sup>Ω(ε)</sup>. In other words, while additive stretched spanners with O(n<sup>1+1/k</sup>) edges may exist, e.g., for k=2,3, they cannot be computed distributively in a sub-polynomial number of rounds in expectation.
Goal seeking for robots in unknown environments

We consider the problem of goal seeking by robots in unknown environments. We present a frontier based algorithm for finding a route to a goal in a fully unknown environment, where information about the goal region (GR), the region where the goal is most likely to be located, is available. Our algorithm efficiently chooses the best candidate frontier cell, which is on the boundary between explored space and unexplored space, having the maximum “goal seeking index”, to reach the goal in minimal number of moves. Modification of the algorithm is also proposed to further reduce the number of moves toward the goal. The algorithm has been tested extensively in simulation runs and results demonstrate that the algorithm effectively directs the robot to the goal and completes the search task in minimal number of moves in bounded as well as unbounded environments. The algorithm is shown to perform as well as a state of the art agent centered search algorithm RTAA*, in cluttered environments if exact location of the goal is known at the beginning of the mission and is shown to perform better in uncluttered environments.
Object recognition methods based on transformation covariant features

Methods based on distinguished regions (transformation covariant detectable patches) have achieved considerable success in a range of object recognition, retrieval and matching problems, in still images and videos. We review the state-of-the-art, describe relationship to other recognition methods, analyse their strengths and weaknesses, and present examples of successful applications.
The Long and Short Isoforms of Ret Function as Independent Signaling Complexes*

Ret, the receptor tyrosine kinase for the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family ligands (GFLs), is alternatively spliced to yield at least two isoforms, Ret9 and Ret51, which differ only in their C termini. To identify tyrosines in Ret that are autophosphorylation sites in neurons, we generated antibodies specific to phosphorylated Y905Ret, Y1015Ret, Y1062Ret, and Y1096Ret, all of which are autophosphorylated in cell lines. All four of these tyrosines in Ret became phosphorylated rapidly upon activation by GFLs in sympathetic neurons. These tyrosines remained phosphorylated in sympathetic neurons in the continued presence of GFLs, albeit at a lower level than immediately after GFL treatment. Comparison of GFL activation of Ret9 and Ret51 revealed that phosphorylation of Tyr905 and Tyr1062 was greater and more sustained in Ret9 as compared with Ret51. In contrast, Tyr1015 was more highly phosphorylated over time in Ret51 than in Ret9. Surprisingly, Ret9 and Ret51 did not associate with each other in sympathetic neurons after glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor stimulation, even though they share identical extracellular domains. Furthermore, the signaling complex associated with Ret9 was markedly different from the Ret51-associated signaling complex. Taken together, these data provide a biochemical basis for the dramatic functional differences between Ret9 and Ret 51 in vivo.
The RWTH Large Vocabulary Arabic Handwriting Recognition System

This paper describes the RWTH system for large vocabulary Arabic handwriting recognition. The recognizer is based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) with state of the art methods for visual/language modeling and decoding. The feature extraction is based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) which estimate the posterior distribution over the character labels for each observation. Discriminative training using the Minimum Phone Error (MPE) criterion is used to train the HMMs. The recognition is done with the help of n-gram Language Models (LMs) trained using in-domain text data. Unsupervised writer adaptation is also performed using the Constrained Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression (CMLLR) feature adaptation. The RWTH Arabic handwriting recognition system gave competitive results in previous handwriting recognition competitions. The used techniques allows to improve the performance of the system participating in the OpenHaRT 2013 evaluation.
Quantifying Discrepancies in Opinion Spectra from Online and Offline Networks

Online social media such as Twitter are widely used for mining public opinions and sentiments on various issues and topics. The sheer volume of the data generated and the eager adoption by the online-savvy public are helping to raise the profile of online media as a convenient source of news and public opinions on social and political issues as well. Due to the uncontrollable biases in the population who heavily use the media, however, it is often difficult to measure how accurately the online sphere reflects the offline world at large, undermining the usefulness of online media. One way of identifying and overcoming the online–offline discrepancies is to apply a common analytical and modeling framework to comparable data sets from online and offline sources and cross-analyzing the patterns found therein. In this paper we study the political spectra constructed from Twitter and from legislators' voting records as an example to demonstrate the potential limits of online media as the source for accurate public opinion mining, and how to overcome the limits by using offline data simultaneously.
Sleep and the Brain

The phenomenological experience of sleep as a cessation of waking activity is misleading. Indeed, it suggests that sleep constitutes, like a switch, a simple mechanism by which are shut off all neurophysiological processes associated with an active and costly wake state of vigilance. In this chapter, we present a summary description of sleep and its defining features, viewed from behavioral, neurobiological, neurophysiological, and functional neuroanatomical perspectives. Given the universality of sleep and/or sleep-like phenomena across animal species, we review also the phylogenesis of sleep. As the reader will realize, the simplistic view that sleep is a mere state of inactivity must be replaced by the conception of a complex, multidimensional, and active state of the brain.
HYPER VERSION ( ( F , D 1 ) , D 3 ) bound state , S-duality and non-commutative open String / Yang-Mills theory

We study decoupling limits and S-dualities for non-commutative open string/Yang-Mills theory in a gravity setup by considering an SL(2,Z) invariant supergravity solutions of the form ((F, D1), D3) bound state of type-IIB string theory. This configuration can be regarded as D3-brane solution with both electric and magnetic fields turned on along one of the spatial directions of the brane and preserves half of the space-time supersymmetries of the string theory. Our study indicates that there exists a decoupling limit for which the resulting theory is an open string theory defined in a geometry with noncommutativity in both space-time and space-space directions. We study S-duality of this non-commutative open string (NCOS) and find that the same decoupling limit in the S-dual description gives rise to a space-space non-commutative Yang-Mills theory (NCYM). We also discuss independently the decoupling limit for NCYM in this D3-brane background. Here we find that S-duality of NCYM theory does not always give a NCOS theory. Instead, it can give an ordinary Yang-Mills with singular metric and infinitely large coupling. We also find that the open string coupling relation between the two S-duality related theories is modified such that S-duality of a strongly coupled open-string/Yang-Mills theory does not necessarily give a weakly coupled theory. The relevant gravity dual descriptions of NCOS/NCYM are also given.