Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability of Radiographic Assessments of Adolescent Midshaft Clavicle Fractures by the FACTS Multicenter Study Group

Objectives: There is a recent trend toward increased surgical treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures in adolescents. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the intrarater and interrater reliability of clavicle fracture classification systems and measurements of displacement, shortening, and angulation in adolescents. The secondary purpose was to compare 2 different measurement methods for fracture shortening. Methods: This study was performed by a multicenter study group conducting a prospective, comparative, observational cohort study of adolescent clavicle fractures. Eight raters evaluated 24 deidentified anteroposterior clavicle radiographs selected from patients 10–18 years of age with midshaft clavicle fractures. Two clavicle fracture classification systems were used, and 2 measurements for shortening, 1 measurement for superior–inferior displacement, and 2 measurements for fracture angulation were performed. A minimum of 2 weeks after the first round, the process was repeated. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated. Results: Good to excellent intrarater and interrater agreement was achieved for the descriptive classification system of fracture displacement, direction of angulation, presence of comminution, and all continuous variables, including both measurements of shortening, superior–inferior displacement, and degrees of angulation. Moderate agreement was achieved for the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen classification system overall. Mean shortening by 2 different methods were significantly different from each other (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Most radiographic measurements performed by investigators in a multicenter, prospective cohort study of adolescent clavicle fractures demonstrated good-to-excellent intrarater and interrater reliability. Future consensus on the most accurate and clinically appropriate measurement method for fracture shortening is critical.
Cross-lingual

Cross-lingual word embeddings ( CLWE ) un-derlie many multilingual natural language processing systems, often through orthogonal transformations of pre-trained monolingual embeddings. However, orthogonal mapping only works on language pairs whose embeddings are naturally isomorphic. For non-isomorphic pairs, our method (Iterative Normalization) transforms monolingual embeddings to make orthogonal alignment easier by simultaneously enforcing that (1) individual word vectors are unit length, and (2) each language’s average vector is zero. Iterative Normalization consistently improves word translation accuracy of three CLWE methods, with the largest improvement observed on English-Japanese (from 2% to 44% test accuracy).
Stable Salient Shapes

We introduce Stable Salient Shapes (SSS), a novel type of affine-covariant regions. The new local features are obtained through a feature-driven detection of Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSERs). The feature-driven approach provides alternative domains for MSER detection. Such domains can be viewed as saliency maps in which features related to semantically meaningful structures, e.g., boundaries and symmetry axes, are highlighted and simultaneously delineated under smooth transitions. Compared with MSERs, SSS appear in higher number and are more robust to blur. In addition, SSS are designed to carry most of the image information. Experimental results on a standard benchmark are comparable to the results of state-of-the-art solutions in terms of repeatability score. The computational complexity of the method is also worth of note, as it is lower than those of most of the competing algorithms in the literature.
Development and Validation of the Assessment of Health Literacy in Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening

For many people limited health literacy is a major barrier to effective preventive health behavior such as cancer screening, yet a comprehensive health literacy measure that is specific to breast and cervical cancer screening is not readily available. The purpose of this article is to describe the development and testing of a new instrument to measure health literacy in the context of breast and cervical cancer screening, the Assessment of Health Literacy in Cancer Screening (AHL-C). The AHL-C is based on Baker's conceptualization of health literacy and modeled from the two most popular health literacy tests, the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine and the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults. The AHL-C consists of four subscales; print literacy, numeracy, comprehension, and familiarity. We used baseline data from 560 Korean American immigrant women who participated in a community-based randomized trial designed to test the effect of a health literacy-focused intervention to promote breast and cervical cancer screening. Rigorous psychometric testing supports that the AHL-C is reliable, valid, and significantly correlated with theoretically selected variables. Future research is needed to test the utility of the AHL-C in predicting cancer screening outcomes.
Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice ADPO 11092 TITLE : Expression of Neuronal and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms and Generation of Protein Nitrotyrosine in Rat Brain Following

TITLE: Operational Medical Issues in Hypo-and Hyperbaric Conditions [les Questions medicales a caractere oprationel liees aux conditions hypobares ou hyperbares] To order the complete compilation report, use: ADA395680 The component part is provided here to allow users access to individually authored sections f proceedings, annals, symposia, etc. However, the component should be considered within [he context of the overall compilation report and not as a stand-alone technical report. Summary The expression of neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase (nNOS and iNOS) and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivities in the cerebral cortex, caudate putamen, islands of Calleja, hippocampus, superior colliculus and cerebellum of rats submitted to hypobaric hypoxia equivalent to an altitude of 30,000 feet (9144 m; barometric pressure 230.4 Torr) were analyzed and semiquantitatively assessed by means of light microscopic immunocytochemistry and Western blotting using specific polyclonal antibodies. Changes in the expression of these components were directly related to the reduction of barometric pressure, time of exposure to hypobaric hypoxia and the post-hypoxic recovery period. After exposure to hypobaric hypoxia for 8 h and a recovery period of 24 h, an intense vasodilatation was also demonstrated in blood vessels throughout the brain and especially in blood vessels of the hypothalamic magnocellular accessory group. Animals treated with N'-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) did not show changes in nNOS and iNOS expression but displayed decreased nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity. The anatomical and biochemical modifications following 4 or 8 h of hypobaric hypoxia demonstrated by this study may be related to some of the psychological changes described after human exposure to high altitude.
Co-evolution of Knowledge Networks and 21 st Century Organizational Forms : Computational Modeling and Empirical Testing

Noshir Contractor (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Principal Investigator Kathleen Carley (Carnegie Mellon University), co-Principal Investigator Peter Monge (University of Southern California), co-Principal Investigator Raymond Levitt (Stanford University), co-Principal Investigator. Stanley Wasserman (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), co-Principal Investigator Francois Bar (Stanford University), Senior Investigator Janet Fulk (University of Southern California), Senior Investigator Andrea Hollingshead (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Senior Investigator John Kunz (Stanford University), Senior Investigator
Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology Numerical Solutions for Patterns Statistics on Markov Chains

We propose here a review of the methods available to compute pattern statistics on text generated by a Markov source. Theoretical, but also numerical aspects are detailed for a wide range of techniques (exact, Gaussian, large deviations, binomial and compound Poisson). The SPatt package (Statistics for Pattern, free software available at http://stat.genopole.cnrs.fr/spatt) implementing all these methods is then used to compare all these approaches in terms of computational time and reliability in the most complete pattern statistics benchmark available at the present time.
The debate on automated essay grading

The ability to communicate in natural language has long been considered a defining characteristic of human intelligence. Furthermore, we hold our ability to express ideas in writing as a pinnacle of this uniquely human language facility—it defies formulaic or algorithmic specification. So it comes as no surprise that attempts to devise computer programs that evaluate writing are often met with resounding skepticism. Nevertheless, automated writing-evaluation systems might provide precisely the platforms we need to elucidate many of the features that characterize good and bad writing, and many of the linguistic, cognitive, and other skills that underlie the human capacity for both reading and writing. Using computers to increase our understanding of the textual features and cognitive skills involved in creating and comprehending written text will have clear benefits. It will help us develop more effective instructional materials for improving reading, writing, and other human communication abilities. It will also help us develop more effective technologies, such as search engines and questionanswering systems, for providing universal access to electronic information. A sketch of the brief history of automated writing-evaluation research and its future directions might lend some credence to this argument.
Fatigue strength of welded joints under multiaxial loading: experiments and calculations

In reality most welded components are loaded with a combination of different variable forces and moments that often cause a state of multiaxial stress in the fatigue-critical areas. If the multiaxial loading is non-proportional, traditional deformation-based hypotheses are not able to give a reliable lifetime prediction. This investigation is a cooperation between three German research institutes to build an experimental database for the verification of different concepts of lifetime prediction. In accordance with former investigations, a flange-tube connection made of steel P460 was used. The test program was divided into constant amplitude and variable amplitude tests. The ratio between the nominal bending and shear stress is 1. For the variable amplitude tests, a Gaussian-standard is used. A lifetime prediction software for multiaxial state of cyclic stress was developed. The software has a modular structure and allows calculations with different hypotheses and methods. The calculations are based on the local elastic stresses. This is an acceptable method for high-cycle fatigue. In this work, two general types of calculation, the Integral Approach and Critical Plane Approach and a local stress-based modification of the von Mises Criterion, the hypothesis of effective equivalent stress (EESH) are shown. The damage accumulation is performed with the elementary Miner’s rule (S–N curve without fatigue limit). The statistical distributions of the damage sums are also shown.
A semidiscrete matrix decomposition for latent semantic indexing information retrieval

The vast amount of textual information available today is useless unless it can be effectively and efficiently searched. The goal in information retrieval is to find documents that are relevant to a given user query. We can represent and document collection by a matrix whose (i, j) entry is nonzero only if the ith term appears in the jth document; thus each document corresponds to a columm vector. The query is also represented as a column vector whose ith term is nonzero only if the ith term appears in the query. We score each document for relevancy by taking its inner product with the query. The highest-scoring documents are considered the most relevant. Unfortunately, this method does not necessarily retrieve all relevant documents because it is based on literal term matching. Latent semantic indexing (LSI) replaces the document matrix with an approximation generated by the truncated singular-value decomposition (SVD). This method has been shown to overcome many difficulties associated with literal term matching. In this article we propose replacing the SVD with the semidiscrete decomposition (SDD). We will describe the SDD approximation, show how to compute it, and compare the SDD-based LSI method to the SVD-based LSI methods. We will show that SDD-based LSI does as well as SVD-based LSI in terms of document retrieval while requiring only one-twentieth the storage and one-half the time to compute each query. We will also show how to update the SDD approximation when documents are added or deleted from the document collection.
Memory Hierarchy Optimization for Large Tridiagonal System Solvers on GPU

Nowadays GPUs are commodity hardware containing hundreds of cores and supporting thousands of threads that can be used to accelerate a wide range of applications. From a programmer's perspective, GPUs offer a stream processing model which requires the application of new techniques to exploit their capabilities. In this paper we present the application of the split-and-merge technique to the following parallel tridiagonal system solvers on the GPU: cyclic reduction and recursive doubling. The split-and-merge technique naturally splits the algorithm flow in parallel paths that can be solved in shared memory, and later merged in global memory. In this way, we can solve large systems of equations efficiently exploiting the memory hierarchy of the GPU. The results obtained show a significant acceleration compared with the direct implementation of the algorithms on the GPU.
A Practical Approach for Integrating Vision-Based Methods into Interactive 2 D / 3 D Applications

In this paper, we present a practical approach for integrati ng computer vision techniques into human-computer interac ion systems. Our techniques are applicable in conventional 2D w indowing environments and advanced 3D scenarios. The metho d is transparent in the sense that no modification (e.g. no re-c ompilation) of the underlying application software is requ ired. To realize this functionality, we propose an interface scanner that analyzes the input event requirements of a given runnin g application and translates them into event descriptions av ail ble from our vision-based HCI framework. We include a description of our vision system that extends the basic set o f events like ButtonPressEvent, MotionEvent, ButtonRelea s Event by more abstract events like TurnDialEvent, DeleteEvent. We describe our framework for 2D interfaces based on the Unix X11 API and for 3D interfaces which use OpenGL. We provide an analysis of the stability and accuracy of the fram ework for our current implementation.
Computation of Homographies

A new method for the non-iterative computation of a homography matrix is described. Rearrangement of the equations leads to a block partitioned sparse matrix, facilitating a residualization based on orthogonal matrix projections. This improves the handling of the error structure of the linear system of equations. The vanishing line is treated as the principal component in the estimation process. This estimate is more robust, since the position of the vanishing line depends only on the relative position and orientation of the camera to the observed plane, and is invariant to the structure of the points observed on the plane. A flop-count indicates that the new method is 11 times faster for four point correspondences, and converges to a factor of 5 for a large number of points. Furthermore, a new non-iterative method of treating error in both images is derived. Combining the forward H and reverse G projections in a suitable manner eliminates the systematic bias of the estimation, and the first order error: a strict bound on the error reduction is derived. This can be achieved faster than a classical DLT due to the improved numerical efficiency. Results of Monte-Carlo simulations are presented to verify the performance.
Cortical innervation of the hypoglossal nucleus in the non‐human primate (Macaca mulatta)

The corticobulbar projection to the hypoglossal nucleus was studied from the frontal, parietal, cingulate, and insular cortices in the rhesus monkey by using high‐resolution anterograde tracers and stereology. The hypoglossal nucleus received bilateral input from the face/head region of the primary (M1), ventrolateral pre‐ (LPMCv), supplementary (M2), rostral cingulate (M3), and caudal cingulate (M4) motor cortices. Additional bilateral corticohypoglossal projections were found from the dorsolateral premotor cortex (LPMCd), ventrolateral proisocortical motor area (ProM), ventrolateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1), rostral insula, and pregenual region of the anterior cingulate gyrus (areas 24/32). Dense terminal projections arose from the ventral region of M1, and moderate projections from LPMCv and rostral part of M2, with considerably fewer hypoglossal projections arising from the other cortical regions. These findings demonstrate that extensive regions of the non‐human primate cerebral cortex innervate the hypoglossal nucleus. The widespread and bilateral nature of this corticobulbar connection suggests recovery of tongue movement after cortical injury that compromises a subset of these areas, may occur from spared corticohypoglossal projection areas located on the lateral, as well as medial surfaces of both hemispheres. Since functional imaging studies have shown that homologous cortical areas are activated in humans during tongue movement tasks, these corticobulbar projections may exist in the human brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3456–3484, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Syntactic Dependency Based Heuristics for Biological Event Extraction

We explore a rule-based methodology for the BioNLP'09 Shared Task on Event Extraction, using dependency parsing as the underlying principle for extracting and characterizing events. We approach the speculation and negation detection task with the same principle. Evaluation results demonstrate the utility of this syntax-based approach and point out some shortcomings that need to be addressed in future work.
Weighted Superstructures for Chemical Similarity Searching

Chemical similarity searching forms an important part of the virtual screening process. In this study, we present a graph-based matching method that assembles the target query graph from a number of active molecules. We apply both a weighted and an unweighted maximum common subgraph algorithm to measure the similarities between all molecules in three different data sets and samples of generated query supergraphs. The hit lists were compared against a simple MAX data fusion and they showed some improvement in the enrichment in some cases while overall not producing any worse results.
Unsupervised Chord-Sequence Generation from an Audio Example

A system is presented that generates a sound sequence from an original audio chord sequence, having the following characteristics: The generation can be arbitrarily long, preserves certain musical characteristics of the original and has a reasonable degree of interestingness. The procedure comprises the following steps: 1) chord segmentation by onset detection, 2) representation as Constant Q Profiles, 3) multi-level clustering, 4) cluster level selection, 5) metrical analysis, 6) building of a suffix tree, 7) generation heuristics. The system can be seen as a computational model of the cognition of harmony consisting of an unsupervised formation of harmonic categories (via multilevel clustering) and a sequence learning module (via suffix trees) which in turn controls the harmonic categorization in a top-down manner (via a measure of regularity). In the final synthesis, the system recombines the audio material derived from the sample itself and it is able to learn various harmonic styles. The system is applied to various musical styles and is then evaluated subjectively by musicians and non-musicians, showing that it is capable of producing sequences that maintain certain musical characteristics of the original.
Low complexity power allocation scheme for regenerative multi-user relay networks

In relay assisted wireless communications, the multi-source, single relay and single destination system (an M-1-1 system) has garnered significant interest, due to the increased demand for higher network throughput and connectivity. Previously, power allocation at the relay in M-1-1 systems have assumed availability of instantaneous channel state information (CSI), which is rather idealistic. In this paper we consider an M-1-1 Decode-and-Forward (DF), Full-Duplex, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) based relay system with statistical-CSI and analyze the achievable rate R of such a system. We show how R can only be maximized by numerical power allocation schemes which have high-complexity of order O(M3). By introducing a rational approximation in the achievable rate analysis, we develop a low-complexity power allocation scheme at the relay that can obtain a system achievable rate very close to the maximum R. Most importantly, we show that the complexity of our power allocation scheme is of the order O(M log M). Our power allocation scheme is suitable for a multiuser relay system, where the priority is to maximize the system throughput. The work we present in this paper will be of value to the design and implementation of real-time multi-user relay systems operating under realistic channel conditions.
Nanoparticle Coating for Advanced Optical, Mechanical and Rheological Properties

Primary titania nanoparticles were coated with ultrathin alumina films using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). The deposited films were highly uniform and conformal with an average growth rate of 0.2 nm per coating cycle. The alumina films eliminated the surface photocatalytic activity of titania nanoparticles, while maintained their original extinction efficiency of ultraviolet light. Deposited films provided a physical barrier that effectively prevented the titania surface from oxidizing organic material whereas conserving its bulk optical properties. Parts fabricated from coated powders by pressureless sintering had a 13 % increase in surface hardness over parts similarly fabricated from uncoated particles. Owing to its homogeneous distribution, the secondary alumina phase suppressed excessive grain growth. Alumina films completely reacted during sintering to form aluminum titanate composites, as verified by XRD. Coated particles showed a pseudoplastic behavior at low shear rates due to modified colloidal forces. This behavior became similar to the Newtonian flow of uncoated nanoparticle slurries as the shear rate increased. Suspensions of coated particles also showed a decreased viscosity relative to the viscosity of uncoated particle suspensions.