Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploratory browsing: enhancing the browsing experience with media collections

In recent years the digital media has influenced many areas of our life. The transition from analogue to digital has substantially changed our ways of dealing with media collections. Today‟s interfaces for managing digital media mainly offer fixed linear models corresponding to the underlying technical concepts (folders, events, albums, etc.), or the metaphors borrowed from the analogue counterparts (e.g., stacks, film rolls). However, people‟s mental interpretations of their media collections often go beyond the scope of linear scan. Besides explicit search with specific goals, current interfaces can not sufficiently support the explorative and often non-linear behavior. This dissertation presents an exploration of interface design to enhance the browsing experience with media collections. The main outcome of this thesis is a new model of Exploratory Browsing to guide the design of interfaces to support the full range of browsing activities, especially the Exploratory Browsing. We define Exploratory Browsing as the behavior when the user is uncertain about her or his targets and needs to discover areas of interest (exploratory), in which she or he can explore in detail and possibly find some acceptable items (browsing). According to the browsing objectives, we group browsing activities into three categories: Search Browsing, General Purpose Browsing and Serendipitous Browsing. In the context of this thesis, Exploratory Browsing refers to the latter two browsing activities, which goes beyond explicit search with specific objectives. We systematically explore the design space of interfaces to support the Exploratory Browsing experience. Applying the methodology of User-Centered Design, we develop eight prototypes, covering two main usage contexts of browsing with personal collections and in online communities. The main studied media types are photographs and music. The main contribution of this thesis lies in deepening the understanding of how people‟s exploratory behavior has an impact on the interface design. This thesis contributes to the field of interface design for media collections in several aspects. With the goal to inform the interface design to support the Exploratory Browsing experience with media collections, we present a model of Exploratory Browsing, covering the full range of exploratory activities around media collections. We investigate this model in different usage contexts and develop eight prototypes. The substantial implications gathered during the development and evaluation of these prototypes inform the further refinement of our model: We uncover the underlying transitional relations between browsing activities and discover several stimulators to encourage a fluid and effective activity transition. Based on this model, we propose a catalogue of general interface
The first vitellogenin receptor from a Lepidopteran insect: molecular characterization, expression patterns and RNA interference analysis

The vitellogenin receptor (VgR) belongs to the low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) superfamily, and is an important carrier for the uptake of vitellogenin (Vg) into developing oocytes of all oviparous species. The first full‐length message for a VgR from a Lepidopteran insect was cloned and sequenced from the ovary of Spodoptera litura Fabricius (GenBank accession no. GU983858). The coding region consisted of 5370 bp flanked by a 49 bp 5′‐untranslated region (UTR) and a 177 bp 3′‐UTR, which encoded a 1798‐residue protein with a predicted molecular weight (MW) of 201.69 kDa. S. litura VgR (SlVgR)comprised two ligand binding sites with four LDLR class A repeats in the first domain and seven in the second domain, an epidermal growth factor‐like domain containing an LDLR class B repeat and a YWXD motif, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain. A phylogenetic relationship placed SlVgR as a separate group from the other insects. SlVgR messenger RNA (mRNA) was specifically expressed in the ovarian tissues. The developmental expression patterns showed that VgR mRNA was first transcribed in 6th day female pupae and the maximum level of VgR mRNA appeared in 36‐h‐old adults. Immunoblot analysis detected an ovary‐specific VgR protein with a MW of ∼200 kDa, whose development profiles were consistent with VgR mRNA expression patterns. RNA inteference (RNAi) specifically disrupted the VgR gene by injection of 3 or 5 µg VgR double‐stranded RNA per insect in 4th or 6th day pupae. RNAi of SlVgR led to a phenotype characterized by high Vg accumulation in the haemolymph, low Vg deposition in the ovary and the failure of insect spawning. These results mean that VgR is critical for binding Vg and transporting it into the oocytes of the insect ovary, thus playing an important role in insect reproduction.
Separation of requirements for protein-DNA complex assembly from those for functional activity in the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein Vmw65

A transient expression system was developed which results in efficient synthesis of the regulatory protein Vmw65 of herpes simplex virus type 1 in eucaryotic cells. The gene for Vmw65 was linked to the cytomegalovirus immediate-early (IE) promoter-enhancer region in a plasmid containing the simian virus 40 origin of replication. When transfected into COS cells, Vmw65 was expressed from this vector in 25 to 50% of the cells, with total levels of the protein approaching 20% of those observed in infected cells. Vmw65 expressed in this system is functional for specific DNA-binding complex formation with the host cell octamer-binding protein TRF and for transactivation of IE gene expression. We therefore produced a series of carboxy-terminal truncated forms of Vmw65 to examine the structural requirements of the protein for these activities. Deletion of the acidic carboxy-terminal 56 amino acids had no effect on DNA-binding complex formation but completely abolished the ability to transactivate. Amino acids between residues 434 and 453, a region which exhibits a high negative charge, were critical for IE transactivation. In contrast, the requirements for complex formation are located entirely within the N-terminal 403 amino acids, and our results indicate a requirement for this activity for residues between 316 and 403. Together with our previous work, the results presented here indicate that recruitment of TRF into a specific DNA-binding complex on IE consensus signals is required but not sufficient for functional IE transactivation by Vmw65.
Collagenase Penetrates Human Pancreatic Islets Following Standard Intraductal Administration

Background. To optimize human islet isolation, it is important to improve our understanding of the collagenase digestion phase. Previous studies of collagenase action were mostly concerned with optimizing its composition, but the delivery and distribution of collagenase at the islet-exocrine interface is likely to be important for liberation of intact islets. The aim of this study was to characterize collagenase distribution in relation to islets in infused human pancreases. Methods. Human pancreases were retrieved from multiorgan donors with appropriate consent. Tissue samples were taken from the neck, body, and tail regions before and after collagenase infusion by manual syringe-loading (n=10) or recirculating perfusion (n=8), and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. Frozen sections were immunolabeled for collagenase, insulin, CK19, collagen VI and CD31, then assessed by confocal microscopy. Results. Collagenase labeling was widespread throughout the pancreas, associated with collagen VI, and adjacent to CK19-labeled ducts. Collagenase was found within 67%±2% of islets (“intraislet”), associated with capillaries (CD31-positive). Intraislet collagenase was observed in 70%±3% of islets in the pancreatic tail, compared with 58%±2% and 53%±2% of islets in the body and neck, respectively (P<0.05 tail vs. neck), and was more prevalent in islets with diameters more than 150 &mgr;m (98%±1% of islets >150 &mgr;m vs. 52%±2% of islets <150 &mgr;m, P<0.05). There was no difference in intraislet collagenase labeling between perfused and syringe-loaded pancreases. Conclusions. Using current infusion techniques, collagenase penetrates the islet interior. This could cause islet fragmentation, and consequently, low islet yields. This study underlies the need to optimize collagenase delivery to preserve intact islets.
Genomic organization and assignment of VAMP2 to 17p12 by FISH

We describe the complete sequence, genomic organization, and FISH chromosome mapping of the human VAMP2. We identified a 7-kb clone, pISSHG2b3A, containing the entire structure of VAMP2. Previous studies performed by others identified a 5-kb clone, pVPC5-2, containing the incomplete VAMP2. The pVPC5-2 clone was partially sequenced and mapped to the broad region 17pter→p12 by somatic cell hybridization. Our clone overlaps the pVPC5-2 clone and extends ∼2 kb at the 3′ end. In this study, we mapped this gene more precisely on 17p12 by FISH and we found a new polymorphic microsatellite, (GT)7CC(GT)5, in exon V. This microsatellite, revealing three alleles with frequencies of 0.778, 0.139, and 0.083, might be useful for future linkage studies. Finally, we localized three previously known markers, stSG12859, TIGR-A002F11, and WIAF-1699 (alias stSG4044), in the 3′ untranslated region of the gene.
Accurate SHAPE-directed RNA structure determination

Almost all RNAs can fold to form extensive base-paired secondary structures. Many of these structures then modulate numerous fundamental elements of gene expression. Deducing these structure–function relationships requires that it be possible to predict RNA secondary structures accurately. However, RNA secondary structure prediction for large RNAs, such that a single predicted structure for a single sequence reliably represents the correct structure, has remained an unsolved problem. Here, we demonstrate that quantitative, nucleotide-resolution information from a SHAPE experiment can be interpreted as a pseudo-free energy change term and used to determine RNA secondary structure with high accuracy. Free energy minimization, by using SHAPE pseudo-free energies, in conjunction with nearest neighbor parameters, predicts the secondary structure of deproteinized Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (>1,300 nt) and a set of smaller RNAs (75–155 nt) with accuracies of up to 96–100%, which are comparable to the best accuracies achievable by comparative sequence analysis.
Suppression of Current Collapse in Enhancement Mode GaN-Based HEMTs Using an AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN Double Heterostructure

Current collapse is a phenomenon that increases the channel resistance during the switching process when the high gate and drain voltages are applied. The effect can be found from GaN-based high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and is an obstacle for their applications to power electronics. There have been numerous reports on suppressing current collapse using semiconductor process technologies. In this paper, an enhancement mode (E-mode) AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN double heterostructure was proposed. The current collapse phenomena were studied on devices of E-mode MIS and Schottky gate HEMTs. The results indicate the suppression of current collapse for devices with double heterostructure.
A Dileucine Motif Targets E-cadherin to the Basolateral Cell Surface in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney and LLC-PK1 Epithelial Cells*

E-cadherin is a major adherens junction protein of epithelial cells, with a central role in cell-cell adhesion and cell polarity. Newly synthesized E-cadherin is targeted to the basolateral cell surface. We analyzed targeting information in the cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin by utilizing chimeras of E-cadherin fused to the ectodomain of the interleukin-2α (IL-2α) receptor expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney and LLC-PK1epithelial cells. Chimeras containing the full-length or membrane-proximal half of the E-cadherin cytoplasmic tail were correctly targeted to the basolateral domain. Sequence analysis of the membrane-proximal tail region revealed the presence of a highly conserved dileucine motif, which was analyzed as a putative targeting signal by mutagenesis. Elimination of this motif resulted in the loss of Tac/E-cadherin basolateral localization, pinpointing this dileucine signal as being both necessary and sufficient for basolateral targeting of E-cadherin. Truncation mutants unable to bind β-catenin were correctly targeted, showing, contrary to current understanding, that β-catenin is not required for basolateral trafficking. Our results also provide evidence that dileucine-mediated targeting is maintained in LLC-PK1 cells despite the altered polarity of basolateral proteins with tyrosine-based signals in this cell line. These results provide the first direct insights into how E-cadherin is targeted to the basolateral membrane.
CPT code-change proposal: national data on pharmacists' medication therapy management services.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this article are to provide a brief history of progress toward attaining CPT codes for medication therapy management (MTM) services, review progress made by PSTAC toward obtaining CPT reporting and billing codes for pharmacists' clinical services, and present results from national provider and payer surveys submitted to the CPT Editorial Panel in conjunction with a Category I CPT code-change proposal for MTM services.
Two regional power system PSO PID Control Research

In this paper, we propose a PID parameter tuning of particle swarm optimization for multi-objective optimization characteristics of two regional power system PID controller design. By defining a comprehensive consideration of system output overshoot, rise time and the fitness function term steady-state error indicators, such as the ITAE, and in accordance with the performance requirements of the actual control system, appropriate weighting of each index item. Use with base and improved particle swarm algorithm for multi-objective optimization PID. PSO optimization algorithm has good global search ability and high convergence rate. You can respond to the PID controller tuning parameters directly from the output of the PID control system easily balance between speed and stability control systems. After using PSO-PID control in two regional power system ，the amount of overshoot in the step total response downs from 65% to 5%. Adjust time downs from 12 seconds to 3 seconds. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v13i1. 6835 Full Text: PDF
Estimating the Evaluation Cost of Regular Path Queries on Large Graphs

Regular path queries (RPQs) are widely used on a graph whose answer is a set of tuples of nodes connected by paths corresponding to a given regular expression. Traditional approaches for evaluating RPQs are restricted in the explosion of graph size and/or highly complex query (e.g., nested query). Consequently, evaluating an RPQ on a large graph often takes high cost, causing substantial memory spaces and long response time. Recently, cost-based optimizations of RPQs have been proved to be effective when they are applied to large graphs. However, these techniques could not guarantee the minimum evaluation cost all the time. Therefore, estimating the evaluation cost of RPQs is an important topic which opens the way to cost-based graph query processing. In this paper, we present a novel approach for estimating the evaluation cost of RPQs on large graphs. Our method exploits graph schema to make a so-called USCM (Unit-Subquery Cost Matrix), which presents the evaluation cost of the unit-subqueries (i.e. every smallest possible subquery). We propose some cost functions based on USCM to estimate the evaluation cost of an RPQ by decomposing it into a set of unit-subqueries. We also present a case study which applies our proposed idea for parallel RPQs evaluation. Experimental results show that our estimation method obtains high accuracy approximately 87% in average. Moreover, two comparisons with automata-based and rare label based approaches demonstrate that USCM-based approach outperforms traditional ones.
ZnO films on {001}-cut <110>-propagating GaAs substrates for surface acoustic wave device applications

A potential application for piezoelectric films on GaAs substrates is the monolithic integration of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices with GaAs electronics. Knowledge of the SAW properties of the layered structure is critical for the optimum and accurate design of such devices. The acoustic properties of ZnO films sputtered on {001}-cut <110>-propagating GaAs substrates are investigated in this article, including SAW velocity, effective piezoelectric coupling constant, propagation loss, diffraction, velocity surface, and reflectivity of shorted and open metallic gratings. The measurements of these essential SAW properties for the frequency range between 180 and 360 MHz have been performed using a knife-edge laser probe for film thicknesses over the range of 1.6-4 /spl mu/m and with films of different grain sizes. The high quality of dc triode sputtered films was observed as evidenced by high K/sup 2/ and low attenuation. The measurements of the velocity surface, which directly affects the SAW diffraction, on the bare and metalized ZnO on SiO/sub 2/ or Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ on {001}-cut GaAs samples are reported using two different techniques: 1) knife-edge laser probe, 2) line-focus-beam scanning acoustic microscope. It was found that near the <110> propagation direction, the focusing SAW property of the bare GaAs changes into a nonfocusing one for the layered structure, but a reversed phenomenon exists near the <100> direction. Furthermore, to some extent the diffraction of the substrate can be controlled with the film thickness. The reflectivity of shorted and open gratings are also analyzed and measured. Zero reflectivity is observed for a shorted grating. There is good agreement between the measured data and theoretical values. <<ETX>>
EMLA ‐ a Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics for Topical Anaesthesia

A new topical anaesthetic formulation, EMLA, consisting of a eutectic mixture of the two local anaesthetics, prilocaine and lidocaine, was used in an attempt to reduce the pain associated with venous cannulation in children. The formulation of the local anaesthetic cream yields a high concentration (approximately 80%) of active substance compared with previous formulations (approximately 20%). A highly statistically significant difference in the experience of pain due to venous cannulation in favour of EMLA compared with placebo was found in this study (p<0.001) in 60 children from 6 to 15 years of age. Stimulus of C fibre endings in the subcutaneous tissue and/or the vascular wall seems to be the mechanism behind the slight to moderate discomfort experienced by about one third of the children treated with EMLA. Local side effects of EMLA were negligible.
Fear-Speci fi c Amygdala Function in Children and Adolescents on the Fragile X Spectrum : A Dosage Response of the FMR 1 Gene

Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA, Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, MA 02139, USA and National Center for Biological Sciences, Bangalore 560065, India
Biochemical analyses of the cement float of the goose barnacle Dosima fascicularis – a preliminary study

The goose barnacle Dosima fascicularis produces an excessive amount of adhesive (cement), which has a double function, being used for attachment to various substrata and also as a float (buoy). This paper focuses on the chemical composition of the cement, which has a water content of 92%. Scanning electron microscopy with EDX was used to measure the organic elements C, O and N in the foam-like cement. Vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR, Raman) provided further information about the overall secondary structure, which tended towards a β-sheet. Disulphide bonds could not be detected by Raman spectroscopy. The cystine, methionine, histidine and tryptophan contents were each below 1% in the cement. Analyses of the cement revealed a protein content of 84% and a total carbohydrate content of 1.5% in the dry cement. The amino acid composition, 1D/2D-PAGE and MS/MS sequence analysis revealed a de novo set of peptides/proteins with low homologies with other proteins such as the barnacle cement proteins, largely with an acidic pI between 3.5 and 6.0. The biochemical composition of the cement of D. fascicularis is similar to that of other barnacles, but it shows interesting variations.
Tangible skill building and HIV youth prevention intervention in rural South Africa

There have been countless youth programmes throughout Africa resulting in increased knowledge of HIV, but all too often there is a discrepancy between knowledge and behaviour change. According to available literature, successful projects need to consider the context in which young people live, be consistent with community values, and be family inclusive and youth centred. This, however, requires active involvement of communities, families and youth, which in turn implies a more local response to the epidemic in small projects. This paper presents results from a survey in a rural community of South Africa which investigated the contextual factors associated with HIV knowledge, attitudes and practice in such a setting. The community was of particular interest as it had developed a local youth literacy and family support programme which included HIV-prevention messages. All school aged children of the two settlements were approached (N = 100), some of whom regularly participated in the literacy classes. The survey investigated the association between contextual factors such as caregivers, peers and exposure to the literacy classes in regards to HIV-knowledge, attitudes and practice. The results suggest that contextual factors have an impact on sexual behaviour and self-efficacy as well as on attitudes towards condom use. This indicates that peers and caregivers influence the perceived agency to practise safe sex and the likelihood that adolescents practise ‘deviant’ behaviour such as drinking, getting involved in drugs or becoming sexually active. However, the results suggest that exposure to community projects such as literacy classes have the potential to positively influence reading scores, attitudes towards condom use and delay of sexual debut while it has little effect on HIV knowledge.
Retention of a Time Pressure Heuristic in a Target Identification Task

ABSTRACT S. Rice and D. Keller (2009) previously reported that participants who were put under time pressure tended to comply more with a diagnostic aid than participants who were not put under time pressure. The present study investigates whether or not learning the benefits of this time pressure heuristic carries over to a second session. Seventy-two New Mexico State University students performed a simulated target-detection task, assisted by a 95% reliable diagnostic aid. Participants were exposed to the following conditions, which were composed of two sessions: speeded–speeded, unspeeded–speeded, speeded–unspeeded, or unspeeded–unspeeded. Results showed that participants who completed the speeded condition for Session 1 performed just as well in the 2nd session regardless of whether or not they were put under time pressure. Participants found that complying with the aid was beneficial to overall performance and continued to comply in a 2nd session even when allowed more time to overrule the aid.