Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
M-burst: A framework of SRLG failure localization in all-optical networks

Fast and unambiguous failure localization for shared risk link groups (SRLGs) with multiple links is essential for building a fully survivable and functional transparent all-optical mesh network. Monitoring trails (m-trails) have been proposed as an effective approach to achieve this goal. However, each m-trail traverses through each link by constantly taking a wavelength channel, causing a significant amount of resource consumption. In this paper, a novel framework of all-optical monitoring for SRLG failure localization is proposed. We investigate the feasibility of periodically launching optical bursts along each m-trail instead of assigning it a dedicated supervisory lightpath to probe the set of fiber segments along the m-trail, aiming to achieve a graceful compromise between resource consumption and failure localization latency. This paper defines the proposed framework and highlights the relevant issues regarding its feasibility. We provide theoretical justifications of the scheme. Asa proof of concept, we formulate the optimal burst scheduling problem via an integer linear program (ILP) and implement the method in networks of all possible SRLGs with up to d = 3 links. A heuristic method is also proposed and implemented for multiple-link SRLG failure localization, keeping all the assumptions the same as in the ILP method. Numerical results for small networks show that the scheme is able to localize single-link and multiple-link SRLG failures unambiguously with a very small amount of failure localization latency.
PVT-and-aging adaptive wordline boosting for 8T SRAM power reduction

8T SRAM cell (Fig. 19.6.1) is commonly used in single-VCC microprocessor core for its performance critical low-level caches and multi-ported register-file arrays [1]. 8T cell offers fast read (RD) and write (WR), dual-port capability, and generally lower minimum Vcc (or VMIN) than the 6T cell. By using a decoupled single-ended RD port with domino-style hierarchical RD bit-line, 8T cell features fast RD evaluation path without causing access disturbance that limits RD VMIN in the 6T cell. Using the 8T cell in a half-select-free architecture eliminates pseudo-reads during partial writes, hence enabling WR VMIN optimization independent of RD.
Optimization of a miniaturized fluid array device for cell‐free protein synthesis

Cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS), which entails synthesizing proteins outside of intact cells, is conducted in several formats with the continuous‐exchange cell‐free (CECF) format generally having the greatest protein expression yields. With this format, continuous chemical exchange occurs through a dialysis membrane separating a reaction solution from a feeding solution containing supplemental nutrient/energy molecules. Here, we describe the optimization of the miniaturized fluid array device (µFAD) by studying the effects of structural and experimental parameters responsible for the heightened chemical exchange across the dialysis membranes and enhanced protein expression capabilities of the high‐throughput device. The interface area and number between the reaction and feeding solutions have a direct impact on protein expression, with a 1.6% enhancement in protein expression yield with each square millimeter increase in area and a 20% decrease with each additional interface. For nutrient/energy availability, an increasing solution volume ratio and height difference increase protein expression yield until the expression yield plateaus at a volume ratio of 20 to 1 (feeding to reaction solution) and a solution height difference of 2 mm. This yield can be further increased by 7% every 30 min with feeding solution replacement. Of the studied experimental factors (feeding solution stirring, device shaking, and temperature increase), feeding solution stirring has a significant effect on protein expression in this device. In the optimized system, green fluorescent protein (GFP), ß‐glucuronidase (GUS), ß‐galactosidase (LacZ), luciferase, and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) expression increased 77.8‐, 212‐, 3.66‐, 463‐, and 5.43‐fold, respectively, compared to the conventional batch format in a standard microplate. These results highlight the significance of structural/experimental conditions on the productive expression of proteins in the CECF format. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2459–2467. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secure frameproof codes through biclique covers

For a binary code Γ of length v, a v-word w produces by a set of codewords {w1,. ,wr}⊆Γ if for all i=1,. ,v, we have wi∈{w1i,. ,wri} . We call a code r-secure frameproof of size t if |Γ|=t and for any v-word that is produced by two sets C1 and C2 of size at most r then the intersection of these sets is nonempty. A d-biclique cover of size v of a graph G is a collection of v-complete bipartite subgraphs of G such that each edge of G belongs to at least d of these complete bipartite subgraphs. In this paper, we show that for t≥2r, an r-secure frameproof code of size t and length v exists if and only if there exists a 1-biclique cover of size v for the Kneser graph KG(t,r) whose vertices are all r-subsets of a t-element set and two r-subsets are adjacent if their intersection is empty. Then we investigate some connection between the minimum size of d-biclique covers of Kneser graphs and cover-free families, where an (r,w;d) cover-free family is a family of subsets of a finite set such that the intersection of any r members of the family contains at least d elements that are not in the union of any other w members. Also, we present an upper bound for 1-biclique covering number of Kneser graphs.
FABP4/aP2 Regulates Macrophage Redox Signaling and Inflammasome Activation via Control of UCP2

ABSTRACT Obesity-linked metabolic disease is mechanistically associated with the accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue, leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and chronic low-grade inflammation. Previous work has demonstrated that deletion of the adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4/aP2) uncouples obesity from inflammation via upregulation of the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). Here, we demonstrate that ablation of FABP4/aP2 regulates systemic redox capacity and reduces cellular protein sulfhydryl oxidation and, in particular, oxidation of mitochondrial protein cysteine residues. Coincident with the loss of FABP4/aP2 is the upregulation of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase, methionine sulfoxide reductase A, and the 20S proteasome subunits PSMB5 and αβ. Reduced mitochondrial protein oxidation in FABP4/aP2−/− macrophages attenuates the mitochondrial unfolded-protein response (mtUPR) as measured by expression of heat shock protein 60, Clp protease, and Lon peptidase 1. Consistent with a diminished mtUPR, FABP4/aP2−/− macrophages exhibit reduced expression of cleaved caspase-1 and NLRP3. Secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), in response to inflammasome activation, is ablated in FABP4/aP2−/− macrophages, as well as in FABP4/aP2 inhibitor-treated cells, but partially rescued in FABP4/aP2-null macrophages when UCP2 is silenced. Collectively, these data offer a novel pathway whereby FABP4/aP2 regulates macrophage redox signaling and inflammasome activation via control of UCP2 expression.
Pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis and turnover in rat skeletal muscle and liver.

1 Pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in skeletal muscle of rat hindquarter was studied with a hemoglobin-free constant-pressure perfusion system. The functional competence of this preparation was monitored by determinations of oxygen consumption, lactate/pyruvate ratio, glucose uptake and its stimulation by insulin, ATP and creatine phosphate contents of the muscle, the energy charge and the release of aldolase and creatine phosphokinase into the perfusate. 2 The time-dependence of NaH14CO3 incorporation into the acid-soluble uracil nucleotides of muscle tissue was measured and the rate of de novo biosynthesis calculated to be 2.7 μmol×kg-1×h-1. 3 The half-life of the uracil nucleotides of skeletal muscle in vivo was estimated by pulse-labelling with [2-14C]uridine and measuring the decrease of their specific radioactivity. It was found to be 19 h, corresponding to a turnover rate of the acid-soluble uracil nucleotides of 5 μmol×kg-1×h-1. 4 The influence of alimentary pyrimidines on uracil nucleotide biosynthesis in the perfused muscle was also investigated. In animals kept on a uridine-free diet for 7 days, the incorporation rate of labelled bicarbonate into acid-soluble uracil 5′-nucleotides was 30% higher than in controls fed a commercial laboratory chow. 5 The half-life in vivo of the acid-soluble uracil nucleotides of rat liver was estimated from the decrease of their specific radioactivity following a [2-14C]uridine pulse. It was found to be 15 h, corresponding to a turnover rate of about 80 μmol×kg-1×h-1.
A probabilistic framework for surface reconstruction from multiple images

The paper presents a novel probabilistic framework for 3D surface reconstruction from multiple stereo images. The method works on a discrete voxelized representation of the scene. An iterative scheme is used to estimate the probability that a scene point lies on the true 3D surface. The novelty of our approach lies in the ability to model and recover surfaces which may be occluded in some views. This is done by explicitly estimating the probabilities that a 3D scene point is visible in a particular view from the set of given images. This relies on the fact that for a point on a lambertian surface, if the pixel intensities of its projection along two views differ, then the point is necessarily occluded in one of the views. We present results of surface reconstruction from both real and synthetic image sets.
The Accumulation Theory of Ageing

Lifespan distributions of populations of quite diverse species such as humans and yeast seem to surprisingly well follow the same empirical Gompertz-Makeham law, which basically predicts an exponential increase of mortality rate with age. This empirical law can for example be grounded in reliability theory when individuals age through the random failure of a number of redundant essential functional units. However, ageing and subsequent death can also be caused by the accumulation of “ageing factors”, for example noxious metabolic end products or genetic anomalities, such as self-replicating extra-chromosomal DNA in yeast. We first show how Gompertz-Makeham behaviour arises when ageing factor accumulation follows a deterministic self-reinforcing process. We go then on to demonstrate that such a deterministic process is a good approximation of the underlying stochastic accumulation of ageing factors where the stochastic model can also account for old-age levelling off of mortality rate.
The Relations Between Patterning, Executive Function, and Mathematics

ABSTRACT Patterning, or the ability to understand patterns, is a skill commonly taught to young children as part of school mathematics curricula. It seems likely that some aspects of executive function, such as cognitive flexibility, inhibition, and working memory, may be expressed in the patterning abilities of children. The primary objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between patterning and executive functioning for first grade children. In addition, the relations between patterning, executive functioning, mathematics, and reading were examined. The results showed that patterning was significantly related to cognitive flexibility and working memory, but not to inhibition. Patterning, cognitive flexibility, and working memory were significantly related to mathematical skills. Only patterning and working memory were significantly related to reading. Regression analyses and structural equation modeling both showed that patterning had effects on both reading and mathematics measures, and that the effects of cognitive flexibility were entirely mediated by patterning. Working memory had independent effects on reading and mathematics, and also effects moderated by patterning. In sum, these findings suggest that cognitive flexibility and working memory are related to patterning and express their effects on reading and mathematics in whole or in part through patterning.
Negative bias of processing ambiguously cued emotional stimuli

Daily we cope with upcoming potentially disadvantageous events. Therefore, it makes sense to be prepared for the worst case. Such a ‘pessimistic’ bias is reflected in brain activation during emotion processing. Healthy individuals underwent functional neuroimaging while viewing emotional stimuli that were earlier cued ambiguously or unambiguously concerning their emotional valence. Presentation of ambiguously announced pleasant pictures compared with unambiguously announced pleasant pictures resulted in increased activity in the ventrolateral prefrontal, premotor and temporal cortex, and in the caudate nucleus. This was not the case for the respective negative conditions. This indicates that pleasant stimuli after ambiguous cueing provided ‘unexpected’ emotional input, resulting in the adaptation of brain activity. It strengthens the hypothesis of a ‘pessimistic’ bias of brain activation toward ambiguous emotional events.
BEŞ FAKTÖR KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN ÇALIŞANLARIN ÇATIŞMA YÖNETİM TARZLARINA ETKİSİ: SAVUNMA SANAYİİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Catisma yonetim tarzlari, bireylerin catismalarin cozumlenmesi surecinde sergiledikleri davranislarla ilgilidir. Bireylerin catisma tarzlarini ise farkli degiskenlerin etkiledigi bilinmektedir. Kisilik ozellikleri de catisma yonetim tarzina etki eden onemli degiskenlerden birisidir. Bu kapsamda calismada, kisilik ozelliklerinin calisanlarin catisma yonetim tarzlarina etkisini belirlemek amaciyla savunma sanayi isletmelerinde calisan 304 bireyle alan arastirmasi yapilmistir. Arastirma sonuclarina gore, bes faktor kisilik ozellikleri ile bireylerin catisma yonetim tarzlari arasinda onemli iliskiler oldugu belirlenmistir. Ozellikle, uyumluluk kisilik ozelligi ile isbirlikci, uzlasmaci, yardimsever ve geri cekilen catisma yonetim tarzlari arasindaki anlamli ve pozitif iliskiler dikkat cekmektedir.
Creating a Virtual Personal Health Record Using Mashups

In the telehealth domain, caregiver networks provide support to the patient in the community, often through a personal health record (PHR). Current PHR systems typically are used where data and services are delivered through a single integrated data store that limits choice, is a fixed solution, and forces providers to conform to a specific data interface. Sqwelch is a mashup maker that enables trusted collaboration between a caregiver network's members through a virtual, distributed PHR. Sqwelch provides an intuitive means for the caregiver network to create personalized mashups, while the patient retains privacy control through trust specifications.
The algebraic entropy of classical mechanics

We describe the “Lie algebra of classical mechanics,” modelled on the Lie algebra generated by kinetic and potential energy of a simple mechanical system with respect to the canonical Poisson bracket. It is a polynomially graded Lie algebra, a class we introduce. We describe these Lie algebras, give an algorithm to calculate the dimensions cn of the homogeneous subspaces of the Lie algebra of classical mechanics, and determine the value of its entropy limn→∞ cn1/n. It is 1.825 423 774 201 08… , a fundamental constant associated with classical mechanics.
Providing Quality of Service on Services Selection Using Anycast Techniques

Over the last years, the complexity and variety of services available on the Internet increased. This fact is leading to the search for efficient techniques of routing client requests to the best server available. A known technique is the application layer anycast (ALA). The main goal of this work is to elaborate efficient ways to provide ALA with quality of service in the context of cloud computing. To achieve this goal, we proposed a new algorithm (GALA, Global Application Layer Anycast). It inherits characteristics from another existing system (GAA, Global Application-layer Anycast), and uses geolocation as a differential. The results of the experiments show that GALA, compared to the inherited algorithm, maintains the client requests efficiencies and substantially lowers their latencies.
Galleria mellonella as aModel for Studying Enterococcus faecium Host Persistence

Enterococcus faecium is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for numerous outbreaks worldwide. The basis for the colonization capacities, host persistence and environmental stress response of the hospital-adapted clones emerging from E. faecium are poorly understood. In this study, we propose the use of Galleriamellonella as a simple nonmammalian model to assess E. faecium host persistence. Various strains (n = 10), including hospital-adapted, commensal or animal isolates and a SodA-deficient strain were used to assess the relevance of this model. Compared to Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium strains do not appear very lethal in a Galleria killing assay. The ability of E. faecium strains to overcome host-immune responses and multiply within the host system was evaluated by monitoring bacterial loads following Galleria infection. Among the E. faecium strains, two hospital-adapted isolates displayed increased colonization ability. In contrast, inactivation of sodA, encoding a putative manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase, significantly reduced survival of E. faecium to Galleria defenses. Galleria appears to be a suitable and convenient surrogate model to study E. faecium survival to host defenses and the role of suspected virulence factors in the colonization process.
COMBINATION THERAPY USING THE SMALL INTERFERING RNA BEVASIRANIB

Bevasiranib, the first small interfering RNA agent developed for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration, has demonstrated clinical promise. Injected intravitreally, this small interfering RNA acts by inducing catalytic destruction of messenger RNA to silence gene expression. Bevasiranib targets the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein. It does not affect existing VEGF protein, suggesting that it may offer a synergistic effect when given in combination with anti–VEGF treatments, such as ranibizumab. The safety of bevasiranib has been supported by preclinical and clinical research.
Performance and energy consumption analysis of 802.11 with FEC codes over wireless sensor networks

This paper expands an analytical performance model of 802.11 to accurately estimate throughput and energy demand of 802.11-based wireless sensor network (WSN) when sensor nodes employ Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, one of block forward error correction (FEC) techniques. This model evaluates these two metrics as a function of the channel bit error rate (BER) and the RS symbol size. Since the basic recovery unit of RS codes is a symbol not a bit, the symbol size affects the WSN performance even if each packet carries the same amount of FEC check bits. The larger size is more effective to recover long-lasting error bursts although it increases the computational complexity of encoding and decoding RS codes. For applying the extended model to WSNs, this paper collects traffic traces from a WSN consisting of two TIP50CM sensor nodes and measures its energy consumption for processing RS codes. Based on traces, it approximates WSN channels with Gilbert models. The computational analyses confirm that the adoption of RS codes in 802.11 significantly improves its throughput and energy efficiency of WSNs with a high BER. They also predict that the choice of an appropriate RS symbol size causes a lot of difference in throughput and power waste over short-term durations while the symbol size rarely affects the long-term average of these metrics.
Comparison of Four Primary Methods for Coordinating the Interruption of People in Human-Computer Interaction

Interruptions can cause people to make mistakes or errors during human-computer interaction (HCI). Interruptions occur as an unavoidable side-effect of some important kinds of human computer-based activities, for example, (a) constantly monitor for unscheduled changes in information environments, (b) supervise background autonomous services, and (c) intermittently collaborate and communicate with other people. Fortunately, people have powerful innate cognitive abilities that they can potentially leverage to manage multiple concurrent activities if they have specific kinds of control and interaction support. There is great opportunity, therefore, for user-interface design to increase people's ability to successfully handle interruptions, and prevent expensive errors. The literature contains very little concrete design wisdom about how to solve the interruption problems in user interfaces (UIs). Coordination support, however, is identified as a most important design topic. This article presents the results of an empirical investigation to compare basic design solutions for coordinating human interruption in computer-based multitasks. A theory-based taxonomy of human interruption is used to identify the four primary methods for coordinating human interruption. An experiment with 36 participants compares these four different design solutions within an abstracted common user multitasking context. The results show important design tradeoffs for coordinating the interruption of people in HCI and support some UI design guidelines. Negotiation support is the best overall solution except where small differences in the timeliness of handling interruptions is critical and then immediate is best.
Anti-de Sitter fragmentation

Some general aspects of the AdS 2/CFT1 correspondence, previously discussed in hep-th/9812073, are summarized. The majority of this summary is devoted to the question of where the CFT1 should live. Almost as a byproduct, the decay—or fragmentation—of AdS 2 is also discussed.
Methods, potentials, and limitations of gene delivery to regenerate central nervous system cells

This review evaluates methods, success and limitations of transgenes delivery in central nervous system (CNS). Both viral and nonviral (such as liposome mediated) methods, expression and stability of transgenes have been discussed. The controlled expression and delivery techniques of transgene at the injured or diseased sites have also been discussed. Mifepristone (RU486) and tetracycline-based switch system for controlled expression could be a very useful tool for clinical purposes. Here we emphasized the importance and consequences of viral- and nonviral-mediated transgenes transfer and therapeutic ability along with advantages of controlled expressions.
Analysis of the meter of acoustic musical signals

A method is described which analyzes the basic pattern of beats in a piece of music, the musical meter. The analysis is performed jointly at three different time scales: at the temporally atomic tatum pulse level, at the tactus pulse level which corresponds to the tempo of a piece, and at the musical measure level. Acoustic signals from arbitrary musical genres are considered. For the initial time-frequency analysis, a new technique is proposed which measures the degree of musical accent as a function of time at four different frequency ranges. This is followed by a bank of comb filter resonators which extracts features for estimating the periods and phases of the three pulses. The features are processed by a probabilistic model which represents primitive musical knowledge and uses the low-level observations to perform joint estimation of the tatum, tactus, and measure pulses. The model takes into account the temporal dependencies between successive estimates and enables both causal and noncausal analysis. The method is validated using a manually annotated database of 474 music signals from various genres. The method works robustly for different types of music and improves over two state-of-the-art reference methods in simulations.