Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approximating Voronoi Diagrams with Voronoi Diagrams

The tremendous usefulness of Voronoi diagrams is tempered by their worst-case O(n) size blowup. This makes them an obvious target for approximation, and indeed, several methods have been proposed that produce linear size approximations to the Voronoi diagram supporting logarithmic-time approximate nearest neighbor queries. All such methods use quadtrees to approximate the Voronoi cells. But what if the input does not have a “bad” Voronoi diagram? There is a huge gap between the best-case and the worst case complexity. Sometimes, the exact solution is both simpler and more precise than an approximation (Figure 1). We present a new method for constructing approximate Voronoi diagrams that uses the Voronoi diagram of a superset of the input as an approximation to the true Voronoi diagram. The approximate Voronoi cells are unions of Voronoi cells of the superset. If the input has a Voronoi diagram with good aspect ratio (and thus has linear size) then the approximate Voronoi diagramwe produce will simply be the Voronoi diagram of the input. The size of the diagram is O(n log∆) where ∆ is the spread of the input (the ratio of largest to smallest interpoint distances). Moreover, it supports approximate nearest neighbor queries in time O(log∆). We also discuss methods for eliminating the dependence on the spread in the size and reducing it to O(log n) for queries. The construction will be based on sparse meshing technology [4]. Formally, a (1 + e)-approximate Voronoi diagram of an input set N ∈ R is a spatial decomposition of
Differences in gait between haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke survivors

Gait deviations in stroke survivors vary with stroke severity, location of infarct and other individual differences. This study aimed to determine the differences in gait characteristics between survivors with haemorrhagic stroke and those with ischaemic stroke. A cross-sectional study of patients who had survived six months or more after a stroke was undertaken. Participants consisted of patients treated at the outpatient physiotherapy clinics of two teaching hospitals in Osun, South-West Nigeria. Using Observational Gait Analysis and Foot Print Method, the following variables were assessed for each participant: gait speed, cadence, stride length, step length, step width and foot angle. A total of 70 stroke survivors (46 males and 24 females) with mean age of 53.52±10.35 years participated in this study. Forty five (64.3%) had haemorrhagic stroke while 25 (35.7%) had ischaemic stroke. Results showed significant differences between gait speed, height normalized speed, cadence and step length of paretic limb of haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke survivors, with those of haemorrhagic stroke survivors higher than those of ischaemic stroke survivors. There were differences in some gait characteristics between haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke survivors. This suggests that stroke type should be taken into consideration as a factor in gait assessment and retraining of hemiparetic stroke survivors.
Mildronate, an Inhibitor of Carnitine Biosynthesis, Induces an Increase in Gamma-Butyrobetaine Contents and Cardioprotection in Isolated Rat Heart Infarction

Abstract: The inhibition of gamma-butyrobetaine (GBB) hydroxylase, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of carnitine, contributes to lay ground for the cardioprotective mechanism of action of mildronate. By inhibiting the biosynthesis of carnitine, mildronate is supposed to induce the accumulation of GBB, a substrate of GBB hydroxylase. This study describes the changes in content of carnitine and GBB in rat plasma and heart tissues during long-term (28 days) treatment of mildronate [i.p. (intraperitoneal) 100 mg/kg/daily]. Obtained data show that in concert with a decrease in carnitine concentration, the administration of mildronate caused a significant increase in GBB concentration. We detected about a 5-fold increase in GBB contents in the plasma and brain and a 7-fold increase in the heart. In addition, we tested the cardioprotective effect of mildronate in isolated rat heart infarction model after 3, 7, and 14 days of administration. We found a statistically significant decrease in necrotic area of infarcted rat hearts after 14 days of treatment with mildronate. The cardioprotective effect of mildronate correlated with an increase in GBB contents. In conclusion, our study, for the first time, provides experimental evidence that the long-term administration of mildronate not only decreases free carnitine concentration, but also causes a significant increase in GBB concentration, which correlates with the cardioprotection of mildronate.
Translating the viewing position in single equirectangular panoramic images

Equirectangular panoramas are popular tools for achieving 360 degree immersed viewing experiences. A panorama captures a scene from one point and panoramic viewers allow the user to control the viewing direction, but the viewer is not allowed to move around. This study proposes a strategy for transforming equirectangular panoramic images with the effect of moving freely in three dimensions. The strategy assumes that the panorama is an enclosed space comprising a flat ground and flat vertical walls. A equirectuangular Hough transform is proposed for detecting the boundaries of the respective planes. The panoramic image is then decomposed into the respective planes, the viewing point is translated and a new panoramic image based on the new viewing position is composed. Preliminary proof of concept test shows that the strategy allows free translation within simple panoramic images.
Human eye-head co-ordination in natural exploration

During natural behavior humans continuously adjust their gaze by moving head and eyes, yielding rich dynamics of the retinal input. Sensory coding models, however, typically assume visual input as smooth or a sequence of static images interleaved by volitional gaze shifts. Are these assumptions valid during free exploration behavior in natural environments? We used an innovative technique to simultaneously record gaze and head movements in humans, who freely explored various environments (forest, train station, apartment). Most movements occur along the cardinal axes, and the predominance of vertical or horizontal movements depends on the environment. Eye and head movements co-occur more frequently than their individual statistics predicts under an independence assumption. The majority of co-occurring movements point in opposite directions, consistent with a gaze-stabilizing role of eye movements. Nevertheless, a substantial fraction of eye movements point in the same direction as co-occurring head movements. Even under the very most conservative assumptions, saccadic eye movements alone cannot account for these synergistic movements. Hence nonsaccadic eye movements that interact synergistically with head movements to adjust gaze cannot be neglected in natural visual input. Natural retinal input is continuously dynamic, and cannot be faithfully modeled as a mere sequence of static frames with interleaved large saccades.
Multiple Access for 5G New Radio: Categorization, Evaluation, and Challenges

Next generation wireless networks require massive uplink connections as well as high spectral efficiency. It is well known that, theoretically, it is not possible to achieve the sum capacity of multi-user communications with orthogonal multiple access. To meet the challenging requirements of next generation networks, researchers have explored non-orthogonal and overloaded transmission technologies-known as new radio multiple access (NR-MA) schemes-for fifth generation (5G) networks. In this article, we discuss the key features of the promising NR-MA schemes for the massive uplink connections. The candidate schemes of NR-MA can be characterized by multiple access signatures (MA-signatures), such as codebook, sequence, and interleaver/scrambler. At the receiver side, advanced multi-user detection (MUD) schemes are employed to extract each user's data from non-orthogonally superposed data according to MA-signatures. Through link-level simulations, we compare the performances of NR-MA candidates under the same conditions. We further evaluate the sum rate performances of the NR-MA schemes using a 3-dimensional (3D) ray tracing tool based system-level simulator by reflecting realistic environments. Lastly, we discuss the tips for system operations as well as call attention to the remaining technical challenges.
Recursive Random Fields

A formula in first-order logic can be viewed as a tree, with a logical connective at each node, and a knowledge base can be viewed as a tree whose root is a conjunction. Markov logic [Richardson and Domingos, 2006] makes this conjunction probabilistic, as well as the universal quantifiers directly under it, but the rest of the tree remains purely logical. This causes an asymmetry in the treatment of conjunctions and disjunctions, and of universal and existential quantifiers. We propose to overcome this by allowing the features of Markov logic networks (MLNs) to be nested MLNs. We call this representation recursive random fields (RRFs). RRFs can represent many first-order distributions exponentially more compactly than MLNs. We perform inference in RRFs using MCMC and ICM, and weight learning using a form of backpropagation. Weight learning in RRFs is more powerful than structure learning in MLNs. Applied to first-order knowledge bases, it provides a very flexible form of theory revision. We evaluate RRFs on the problem of probabilistic integrity constraints in databases, and obtain promising results.
Sequential Estimation of Timebase Corrections for an Arbitrarily Long Waveform

We present a procedure for correcting the timebase distortion (TBD) and jitter of temporal waveforms of arbitrary lengths. This is achieved by estimating the TBD and jitter sequentially with overlapping measurements and using the information in the overlapping portion to adjust the results. We use eye diagrams to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Comparison between MPSO and MSFLA metaheuristics for MR brain image segmentation

This paper presents a comparison study between two metaheuristics swarm intelligence (SI) techniques based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA), to solve images segmentation problems. Performances in terms of Threshold values and run time execution of both Modified PSO (MPSO) and Modified SFLA (MSFLA) algorithms are reviewed and checked through MR brain medical images application that consist of partitioning an image into two regions, so get a binary image. MPSO and MSFLA are based on a new fitness function, which justifies their appointment.
Modeling score distributions for combining the outputs of search engines

In this paper the score distributions of a number of text search engines are modeled. It is shown empirically that the score distributions on a per query basis may be fitted using an exponential distribution for the set of non-relevant documents and a normal distribution for the set of relevant documents. Experiments show that this model fits TREC-3 and TREC-4 data for not only probabilistic search engines like INQUERY but also vector space search engines like SMART for English. We have also used this model to fit the output of other search engines like LSI search engines and search engines indexing other languages like Chinese. It is then shown that given a query for which relevance information is not available, a mixture model consisting of an exponential and a normal distribution can be fitted to the score distribution. These distributions can be used to map the scores of a search engine to probabilities. We also discuss how the shape of the score distributions arise given certain assumptions about word distributions in documents. We hypothesize that all 'good' text search engines operating on any language have similar characteristics. This model has many possible applications. For example, the outputs of different search engines can be combined by averaging the probabilities (optimal if the search engines are independent) or by using the probabilities to select the best engine for each query. Results show that the technique performs as well as the best current combination techniques.
Crystal structure of human cytosolic aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, a component of multi-tRNA synthetase complex

Human cytosolic aspartyl‐tRNA synthetase (DRS) catalyzes the attachment of the amino acid aspartic acid to its cognate tRNA and it is a component of the multi‐tRNA synthetase complex (MSC) which has been known to be involved in unexpected signaling pathways. Here, we report the crystal structure of DRS at a resolution of 2.25 Å. DRS is a homodimer with a dimer interface of 3750.5 Å2 which comprises 16.6% of the monomeric surface area. Our structure reveals the C‐terminal end of the N‐helix which is considered as a unique addition in DRS, and its conformation further supports the switching model of the N‐helix for the transfer of tRNAAsp to elongation factor 1α. From our analyses of the crystal structure and post‐translational modification of DRS, we suggest that the phosphorylation of Ser146 provokes the separation of DRS from the MSC and provides the binding site for an interaction partner with unforeseen functions.Proteins 2013; 81:1840–1846. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Network-Enabled Knowledge Discovery Service Design -- Medical Online Texts

This research proposes a network-enabled knowledge discovery service design using content-based term co-occurrence network (TCN) and user-based collaborative filtering (CF) strategy to reinforce service innovation of digital content management system (CMS). Within these integrating knowledge discovery methodologies, a content-based term cooccurrence network (TCN) analysis can advance the scopes of content search management. The collaborative filtering (CF) can be used to recommend the other contents based on the similar users ratings. Using the network-enabled approach of TCN and CF, a large number of digital contents can be appropriately disseminated and recommended. In order to verify the effects of the combination's methodologies, some experiments use an online databank of online medical texts (articles) (jtami.medinform.org.tw) to demonstrate the combination of TCN and CF. To evaluate the effects of the knowledge discovery can use some testing questions through a open medical dataset (i.e., OHSUMED). Moreover, these experiments can use the evaluations of recall and precision to test and verify the effectiveness for digital content search.
The Capacity of Device-to-Device Communication Underlaying Cellular Networks With Relay Links

With the rapid development of mobile communication technology, the pressure of core network from wireless traffic is explosively growing. Meanwhile, ultra-low latency and real-time user experience are urgently demanded, which gives raise to the severe challenge of traditional cellular networks. As one of the key technologies in 5G, device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular networks is a promising way to elevate the network system performance, improve the user experience and expand the applications. In this paper, we present an architecture for analyzing the network capacity when D2D communication shares the channel resources with cellular links. This architecture consists of three types of links: cellular links, D2D links, and relay links. We mathematically model the network capacity of the three different links. Moreover, a cooperative caching strategy is proposed, which caches the files with the greatest popularity in the D2D group to improve the network capacity. Finally, we conduct the numerical simulations and the results show the proposed architecture improves the network capacity significantly.
Adaptive Two-Loop Power Tracking Control in CDMA Systems with the Utility Optimization

An adaptive two-loop power tracking control scheme is proposed for direct sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) cellular systems in a wireless network. The scheme includes an outer-loop controller and an inner-loop controller. An adaptive searching algorithm is designed for determining an optimal target signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) for each user in the outer loop. The utility optimization can be achieved by using the adaptive algorithm through the net utility function based on the quality of service (QoS) for the purpose of resource management of wireless communication networks. A prediction control is designed to compensate for the effect of round-trip time-delay, channel fading, multiple access interference (MAI), and noise in the inner loop. The optimal target SINR tracking can be achieved by using the prediction control through a robust pole placement. Combining these two controllers in the outer loop and inner loop, utility optimization and target SINR tracking can be achieved at the same time. The stability and convergence of the proposed scheme are discussed. Several simulation results are given to confirm the performance of the proposed method.
The Carboxy-terminus of BAK1 regulates kinase activity and is required for normal growth of Arabidopsis

Binding of brassinolide to the brassinosteroid-insenstive 1(BRI1) receptor kinase promotes interaction with its co-receptor, BRI1-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1). Juxtaposition of the kinase domains that occurs then allows reciprocal transphosphorylation and activation of both kinases, but details of that process are not entirely clear. In the present study we show that the carboxy (C)-terminal polypeptide of BAK1 may play a role. First, we demonstrate that the C-terminal domain is a strong inhibitor of the transphosphorylation activity of the recombinant BAK1 cytoplasmic domain protein. However, recombinant BAK1 lacking the C-terminal domain is unable to transactivate the peptide kinase activity of BRI1 in vitro. Thus, the C-terminal domain may play both a positive and negative role. Interestingly, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the full C-terminal domain (residues 576–615 of BAK1) interacted with recombinant BRI1 in vitro, and that interaction was enhanced by phosphorylation at the Tyr-610 site. Expression of a BAK1 C-terminal domain truncation (designated BAK1-ΔCT-Flag) in transgenic Arabidopsis plants lacking endogenous bak1 and its functional paralog, bkk1, produced plants that were wild type in appearance but much smaller than plants expressing full-length BAK1-Flag. The reduction in growth may be attributed to a partial inhibition of BR signaling in vivo as reflected in root growth assays but other factors are likely involved as well. Our working model is that in vivo, the inhibitory action of the C-terminal domain of BAK1 is relieved by binding to BRI1. However, that interaction is not essential for BR signaling, but other aspects of cellular signaling are impacted when the C-terminal domain is truncated and result in inhibition of growth. These results increase the molecular understanding of the C-terminal domain of BAK1 as a regulator of kinase activity that may serve as a model for other receptor kinases.
Variational multi-wavelet restoration of noisy images

This paper presents a new technique for noise removal in images. It benefits both from the recent advances in wavelet-based and variational denoising. Whereas wavelet-based analysis tends to strongly depend on the selected wavelet basis, we propose to combine and fuse several mono-wavelet analysis within a variational framework. The associated energy function involves M-estimator in order to guarantee the robustness to outliers and to preserve image structures (edges, ridges, etc.). An experimental evaluation for a Gaussian additive noise validates the proposed approach and an application to speckle removal in sonar sea-bed images highlights the interest of this approach for real images.
Enterprise ontology based development of information systems

For the development of enterprise information systems, the utilisation of a suitable methodology is essential, providing necessary methods and techniques for modelling the business domain and for designing the supporting information systems. Several methodologies exist and are widely applied in practice nowadays, but most of them lack a theoretical foundation. In this paper, we demonstrate an information system development methodology based on the notions of enterprise ontology and business components, and explain it within the conceptual framework called the generic system development process. The methodology allows for reduction of complexity of domain models and for identification of stable business components.
Dynamic Visuomotor Transformation Involved with Remote Flying of a Plane Utilizes the ‘Mirror Neuron’ System

Brain regions involved with processing dynamic visuomotor representational transformation are investigated using fMRI. The perceptual-motor task involved flying (or observing) a plane through a simulated Red Bull Air Race course in first person and third person chase perspective. The third person perspective is akin to remote operation of a vehicle. The ability for humans to remotely operate vehicles likely has its roots in neural processes related to imitation in which visuomotor transformation is necessary to interpret the action goals in an egocentric manner suitable for execution. In this experiment for 3rd person perspective the visuomotor transformation is dynamically changing in accordance to the orientation of the plane. It was predicted that 3rd person remote flying, over 1st, would utilize brain regions composing the ‘Mirror Neuron’ system that is thought to be intimately involved with imitation for both execution and observation tasks. Consistent with this prediction differential brain activity was present for 3rd person over 1st person perspectives for both execution and observation tasks in left ventral premotor cortex, right dorsal premotor cortex, and inferior parietal lobule bilaterally (Mirror Neuron System) (Behaviorally: 1st>3rd). These regions additionally showed greater activity for flying (execution) over watching (observation) conditions. Even though visual and motor aspects of the tasks were controlled for, differential activity was also found in brain regions involved with tool use, motion perception, and body perspective including left cerebellum, temporo-occipital regions, lateral occipital cortex, medial temporal region, and extrastriate body area. This experiment successfully demonstrates that a complex perceptual motor real-world task can be utilized to investigate visuomotor processing. This approach (Aviation Cerebral Experimental Sciences ACES) focusing on direct application to lab and field is in contrast to standard methodology in which tasks and conditions are reduced to their simplest forms that are remote from daily life experience.
Influence of Stripe Height on Critical Current Density of Spin-Torque Noise in Tunneling Magnetoresistive Read Heads

This paper describes the influence of the stripe height on the critical current density of the spin-torque (ST) noise in the TMR heads using the GHz range noise spectra in detail. The critical current density above which the non-thermal fluctuation noise originates from the ST slightly increases, linearly decreases, becomes minimum, and further keeps constant as the stripe height is reduced. This result means that no trend of jc appears for the stripe height. The average critical current density is approximately +4.70 ± 1.1 × 1011 A/m2, suggesting that the non-thermal fluctuation noise by the ST in the TMR head is independent of the stripe height and occurs at the current density of 1011 A/m2. This result also suggests that this non-thermal fluctuation noise will become a serious problem for the HDD in the near future.