Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Goal-Oriented Measurement plus System Dynamics – A Hybrid and Evolutionary Approach

This position paper aims at creating synergy from combining two powerful enabling techniques for software engineering decision support and software process improvement: the local, time-discrete measurement approach following the Goal/Question/Metric (GQM) paradigm [2], and the global, time-continuos simulation approach following the System Dynamics (SD) method [5, 6]. The purpose of the proposed hybrid and evolutionary approach is to enlarge the contributions of both methods when compared to its isolated application. In more detail, the purpose is to:
Crystal Structures Reveal the Multi-Ligand Binding Mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus ClfB

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) pathogenesis is a complex process involving a diverse array of extracellular and cell wall components. ClfB, an MSCRAMM (Microbial Surface Components Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules) family surface protein, described as a fibrinogen-binding clumping factor, is a key determinant of S. aureus nasal colonization, but the molecular basis for ClfB-ligand recognition remains unknown. In this study, we solved the crystal structures of apo-ClfB and its complexes with fibrinogen α (Fg α) and cytokeratin 10 (CK10) peptides. Structural comparison revealed a conserved glycine-serine-rich (GSR) ClfB binding motif (GSSGXGXXG) within the ligands, which was also found in other human proteins such as Engrailed protein, TCF20 and Dermokine proteins. Interaction between Dermokine and ClfB was confirmed by subsequent binding assays. The crystal structure of ClfB complexed with a 15-residue peptide derived from Dermokine revealed the same peptide binding mode of ClfB as identified in the crystal structures of ClfB-Fg α and ClfB-CK10. The results presented here highlight the multi-ligand binding property of ClfB, which is very distinct from other characterized MSCRAMMs to-date. The adherence of multiple peptides carrying the GSR motif into the same pocket in ClfB is reminiscent of MHC molecules. Our results provide a template for the identification of other molecules targeted by S. aureus during its colonization and infection. We propose that other MSCRAMMs like ClfA and SdrG also possess multi-ligand binding properties.
From Backtracking to Chaff

Modern Chaff-like SAT solvers enhance plain backtracking (DLL) by Conflict-Driven Learning (CDL), including 1UIP-based Conflict-Directed Backjumping (CDB), Non-Chronological Backtracking (NCB), and 1UIP-based Conflict-Clause Recording (CCR). We show how to add these enhancements step-by-step to plain DLL to derive Chaff’s Conflict-Driven Learning algorithm, separately and independently of BCP, and without reference to implication graphs. We demonstrate that DLL with 1UIP-based CDB, DLL with NCB, plain DLL and tree-like resolution are equal in inference power; and provide a family of formulas linearly separating DLL from DLL with BCP. We demonstrate that a general resolution refutation with t shared subtrees can be simulated by DLL with CCR, making at most t restarts; and propose a new technique, called Conflict Non-Determinism (CND), which makes DLL, enhanced with CCR but without restarts, equal in power to general resolution.
Positioning Algorithms for Cellular Networks Using TDOA

In this paper, we investigate the performance of positioning algorithms in wireless cellular networks based on time difference of arrival (TDoA) measurements provided by the base stations. The localization process of the mobile station results in a non-linear least squares estimation problem which cannot be solved analytically. Therefore, we use iterative algorithms to determine an estimate of the mobile station position. The well-known Gauss-Newton method fails to converge for certain geometric constellations, and thus, it is not suitable for a general solution in cellular networks. Another algorithm is the steepest descent method which has a slow convergence in the final iteration steps. Hence, we apply the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm as a new approach in the cellular network localization framework. We show that this method meets the best trade-off between accuracy and computational complexity
Clustering approach using node mobility in Wireless Sensor Networks

One of the most important challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks is their stringent energy contraint. Sensors are basically battery power devices where the replacement of these batteries can be costly and complicated. Node mobility is the main cause of energy over consumption, the disconnection between nodes and by the way the instability of the whole network. Motivated by this, we investigate clustering approach based on the Weighted Clustering Algorithm (WCA) that outperforms the state-art in terms of energy consumption and possesses the advantages of resilience against node mobility. The proposed method aims to elect the most stable and powerful node in term of energy, connectivity and link quality by controlling the network stability in order to avoid the disconnection between nodes.
Factors associated with the utilization and content of prenatal care in a western urban district of Turkey.

OBJECTIVE To define the prenatal care utilization pattern in Bornova and determine the factors affecting the amount and content of prenatal care. DESIGN Follow-up study. SETTING Bornova is an urban district in western Turkey. STUDY PARTICIPANTS Two hundred and forty-five pregnant women registered with primary care settings in Bornova during the year 2000. Response rate was 83.7%. Main outcome measure. We determined the amount of prenatal care using Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index. Criteria used to assess the content of services include number of checks for maternal weight gain, blood pressure and foetal heart-beat measurements, advice about healthy lifestyles, laboratory examinations, and tetanus immunization. RESULTS Rates of the women who visited public primary health care settings, private care sources, and public hospitals at least once were 76.0, 57.1, and 54.6%, respectively. As to prenatal care, 64.9% of the participants received an adequate amount and 25.9% an adequate content. Parity (P = 0.00), insurance coverage (P = 0.00), abortion history (P = 0.03), husband's occupation (P = 0.00), maternal age (P = 0.04), and level of educational attainment (P = 0.03) were related to the amount of care. Employment status (P = 0.03), continuous use of private sources (P = 0.00) and public hospitals (P =0.01) were associated with the content. CONCLUSION This study has highlighted considerable associations between the amount of prenatal care and individual features in addition to those among the content of care, individual features and type of care sources. Causes of variations in prenatal care delivered in urban and relatively wealthy populations of developing countries must be explored using the appropriate criteria.
Disturbance of spontaneous and posed facial expressions in Parkinson's disease

The effects of Parkinson's disease (PD) on spontaneous and posed facial activity and on the control of facial muscles were assessed by comparing 22 PD patients with 22 controls. Facial activity was analysed using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS; Ekman & Friesen, 1978). As predicted, PD patients showed reduced levels of spontaneous and posed facial expression in reaction to unpleasant odours compared to controls. PD patients were less successful than controls in masking or intensifying negative facial expressions. PD patients were also less able than controls to imitate specific facial muscle movements, but did not differ in the ability to pose emotional facial expressions. These results suggest that not only is spontaneous facial activity disturbed in PD, but also to some degree the ability to pose facial expressions, to mask facial expressions with other expressions, and to deliberately move specific muscles in the face.
WORRY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SOME THEORETICAL APPROACHES

Abstract It is suggested that worry has not been given serious academic attention due to problems of definition, and a prevailing belief that it is an unnecessary addition to the theorists vocabulary given the term “anxiety”. However, an increasing awareness of the importance of cognitive factors in emotional disorders makes the study of worry a necessary endeavour. Furthermore, inclusion of worry in DSM III-R as the principle diagnostic index of Generalised Anxiety Disorder has given the term clinical credibility. Three theoretical approaches to the subject of worry are considered: the test anxiety literature, which has focused on the effects of worry on performance, and two largely clinical accounts, a tripartite theory of worry and anxiety proposed by Borkovec, Metzger, and Pruzinsky (1986), and the model of anxious apprehension proposed by Barlow (1988). All approaches are critically evaluated, and suggestions made for future formulations.
Prevalence of insomnia in elderly general practice attenders and the current treatment modalities

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and treatment modalities of elderly practice attenders. A total of 330 patients aged over 65 years were investigated with a questionnaire in general practice. To assess insomnia, operationalized diagnostic criteria according to DSM‐III‐R were applied. Twenty‐three percent of the elderly patients suffered from severe, 17% from moderate and 17% from mild insomnia. More than 80% of the patients reported suffering from insomnia for 1–5 years or longer, which indicates a chronic course. Elderly patients showed unrealistic expectations concerning duration of sleep and spend more time in bed than they realistically can expect to sleep. More than half of the elderly patients reported habitual daytime napping. Sleep‐disturbed elderly patients did not differ significantly from good sleepers in their habit of taking daytime naps, but even when taking daytime naps, good sleepers slept significantly longer than the sleep‐disturbed patients. A significant association was found between insomnia and mental disorders, i.e., depression and organic brain syndrome according to the diagnosis of the general physician. In about half of the cases the primary care physician was not aware that the elderly patient suffered from severe insomnia. More than half of the elderly severe insomniacs took prescribed hypnotics habitually, mainly benzodiazepines.
Public Entrepreneurship as Social Creativity

The article begins with an overview of the innovation process and the entrepreneurial process, each treated as separate but interrelated phenomena. The innovation process tracks the evolution of a new idea through time, whereas the entrepreneurial process tracks the activities that entrepreneurs develop to promote and defend the idea against its detractors. The model of innovation and entrepreneurship introduced distinguishes between individual and collective entrepreneurship and identifies two types of collective entrepreneurship: team entrepreneurship and functional entrepreneurship. A Minnesota case study demonstrates the power of both team and functional entrepreneurship. It also illustrates how important the linkages are between the entrepreneurs and their larger community. An innovative idea's development and survival depends on an “ecology of organizations” that provide “venture” capital for analysis and experimentation. The vast networks of contacts and associations represent a form of social capital just as important as the community's economic capital. In this case, both aspects of social creativity—the community resources and the network of social relations—were found to be instrumental in passing and implementing the first public school choice program in the country.
Toward binary brain computer interface using steady-state visually evoked potential under eyes closed condition

It is highly difficult for severely amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and heavily spinal cord injury patients to use the brain computer interfaces (BCIs) based on the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) which need to control the direction of their eye gaze. We investigated amplitude change of the SSVEP associated with mental concentration on flicker to develop the SSVEP-based BCI usable under eyes-closed condition. Under the stimulus conditions of the flickering frequency of 10 Hz and the stimulus intensity of 5 lx, significant difference between the SSVEP amplitude in relaxed state and that in concentrated state was observed in the wide region of the scalp except the left frontal region, while such significance was also seen in the bilateral occipital lobes and left parietal region under the conditions of 14 Hz and 5 lx. Such an impact of mental concentration on the SSVEP amplitude was reproducible.
Phytochromes promote seedling light responses by inhibiting four negatively-acting phytochrome-interacting factors

PIF3 is a phytochrome-interacting basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor that negatively regulates light responses, including hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon opening, and hypocotyl negative gravitropism. However, the role of PIF3 in chlorophyll biosynthesis has not been clearly defined. Here, we show that PIF3 also negatively regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis by repressing biosynthetic genes in the dark. Consistent with the gene expression patterns, the etiolated pif3 mutant accumulated a higher amount of protochlorophyllide and was bleached severely when transferred into light. The photobleaching phenotype of pif3 could be suppressed by the gun5 mutation and mimicked by overexpression of GUN5. When 4 negative phytochrome-interacting protein genes (PIF1, PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5) were mutated, the resulting quadruple mutant seedlings displayed constitutive photomorphogenic phenotypes, including short hypocotyls, open cotyledons, and disrupted hypocotyl gravitropism in the dark. Microarray analysis further confirmed that the dark-grown quadruple mutant has a gene expression pattern similar to that of red light-grown WT. Together, our data indicate that 4 phytochrome-interacting proteins are required for skotomorphogenesis and phytochromes activate photomorphogenesis by inhibiting these factors.
Television tension: national versus cosmopolitan memory in a co-produced television documentary

This article examines the manner in which recent trends towards globalization and commercialization in the media impinge on the construction of collective (national) memory. Concentrating on the economics of television documentaries, it considers the way in which memory can be manipulated to signal national and historical differences. This issue is explored through the vantage point of a particular mode of television production, international co-productions. The study focuses on a television documentary, The Fifty Year War:Israel and the Arabs, co-produced by three television networks, BBC, PBS (WGBH Boston) and MBC. Making this documentary was only possible after funding from separate sources had been secured, with the quid pro quo of each funding source being given the right to use the produced footage to construct its own version of the final product. Analysing the production process of this television documentary, the study shows that making the tri-versions programme on the Arab-Israeli war became a kind of a war: a war over competing memories, a war over interpretation and, finally, a war over representation.
Younger and Older African American Adolescent Mothers’ Relationships with Their Mothers and Female Peers

This study examined differences in younger (ages 14 to 16) and older (ages 17 to 19) African American adolescent mothers’ receipt of maternal and peer support and associations among economic strain, maternal and peer support, maternal problems, and depressive symptomatology. Findings indicate that (a) both younger and older adolescent mothers receive significantly more support from mothers than from peers, (b) higher levels of maternal problems are associated with higher levels of depression for all adolescent mothers, and (c) under conditions of lowmaternal support, younger adolescents appear to be at greater risk for depression when peer support is higher, whereas older adolescents may be at greater risk when peer support is lower. Findings are interpreted within the context of existing research on adolescent parenting and adolescent development. Implications for future research are discussed.
Exposure to traumatic events and symptoms of post-traumatic stress among South African university students

We investigated the lifetime exposure to traumatic events and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety among 1337 students at a large residential university in South Africa. Traumatic events were assessed using the Stressful Life Events Scaling Questionnaire, and the symptoms of post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety were measured using the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale–Self Report Version, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. The sample consisted of females (n = 857) and males (n = 480). Approximately 90% of the sample reported at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, and male and female students reported similar levels of exposure to traumatic events. With regard to symptoms of post-traumatic stress, those students who had experienced a traumatic event reported more severe post-traumatic stress symptoms than those students who had not. Significant correlations were found among symptoms of post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety. The significant predictors of the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms were gender, Black race, Coloured race, and year of study. The significant predictors of the frequency of traumatic events were gender, age, Black race, Coloured race, and private residence. These results are compared with South African trauma-related studies as well as findings from other countries.
Comprehensive morphometry of subcortical grey matter structures in early‐stage Parkinson's disease

Previous imaging studies that investigated morphometric group differences of subcortical regions outside the substantia nigra between non‐demented Parkinson's patients and controls either did not find any significant differences, or reported contradictory results. Here, we performed a comprehensive morphometric analysis of 20 cognitively normal, early‐stage PD patients and 19 matched control subjects. In addition to relatively standard analyses of whole‐brain grey matter volume and overall regional volumes, we examined subtle localized surface shape differences in striatal and limbic grey matter structures and tested their utility as a diagnostic marker. Voxel‐based morphometry and volumetric comparisons did not reveal significant group differences. Shape analysis, on the other hand, demonstrated significant between‐group shape differences for the right pallidum. Careful diffusion tractography analysis showed that the affected parts of the pallidum are connected subcortically with the subthalamic nucleus, the pedunculopontine nucleus, and the thalamus and cortically with the frontal lobe. Additionally, microstructural measurements along these pathways, but not along other pallidal connections, were significantly different between the two groups. Vertex‐wise linear discriminant analysis, however, revealed limited accuracy of pallidal shape for the discrimination between patients and controls. We conclude that localized disease‐related changes in the right pallidum in early Parkinson's disease, undetectable using standard voxel‐based morphometry or volumetry, are evident using sensitive shape analysis. However, the subtle nature of these changes makes it unlikely that shape analysis alone will be useful for early diagnosis. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1681–1690, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic significance of β-human chorionic gonadotropin and PAX8 expression in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with a median survival of five months. Multimodality treatment is associated with some improvement in survival, but patients are only infrequently curable. Although β-hCG secretion has been reported in many neoplasms, it has never been described in ATC. The objectives of this study were to report a case of β-hCG-secreting ATC and to study the expression and significance of β-hCG and PAX8 in an institutional cohort of ATC. METHODS The sentinel case was characterized and then immunohistochemistry was performed for β-hCG and PAX8 on 30 ATC patients. Clinical follow-up was obtained by chart review. RESULTS The sentinel patient with β-hCG-secreting ATC had a dramatic response to chemotherapy and radiation. After surgical excision of residual disease, the patient developed a regional recurrence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma at 18 months. However, she is now, 30 months after initial therapy, with no evidence of disease and no detectable serum β-hCG or thyroglobulin. Five of the 30 (17%) total ATCs were positive for β-hCG and 18 (60%) for PAX8. Outcomes for the β-hCG-positive cases were not significantly different from those for negative ones. However, none of the other four β-hCG-positive ATC patients received treatment with either chemotherapy or radiation. Interestingly, PAX8 positivity correlated with statistically significantly better overall survival (p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS β-hCG is expressed in a minority of ATCs. Although only a single case in the study had diffuse immunohistochemical expression, the response it showed to aggressive multimodality therapy and the resulting favorable outcome suggest that β-hCG-positive ATC may be a unique tumor subtype, or possibly even a unique entity. PAX8 is a useful marker of ATC and may be helpful in the differential diagnosis with other malignant neoplasms.
Gentamicin Perfusion Vestibular Response and Hearing Loss

Objective To compare hearing results as a function of vestibular ablation in the treatment of Ménière's Disease, using gentamicin perfusion. Study Design A retrospective review of patients with Ménière's Disease treated by gentamicin perfusion of the inner ear via the MicroWick device. Setting A tertiary otologic referral center. Patients and Interventions The charts of patients treated with gentamicin perfusion via the MicroWick between the years 1998 and 2000 were reviewed. The results for patients with functional hearing in the affected ear were analyzed and were compared with the results in patients without functional hearing. Main Outcome Measures Audiologic and vestibular test results as well as subjective symptoms. Results There were 45 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The averages for speech discrimination score and pure tone average before treatment were 92% and 38 dB, and after treatment were 82% and 47 dB. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (20 patients), less than 75% ice air caloric reduced vestibular response (RVR); Group 2 (25 patients), those who reached greater than 75% ice air caloric RVR. There were 8 patients (17.6%) with persistent vertigo; 7 were from Group 1, and 1 was from Group 2, which was statistically significant (p = 0.007)wwww. The pure tone average dropped an average of 3 dB for Group 1 and 15 dB for Group 2. The difference in hearing loss between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.01). Conclusion This study suggests that there is a correlation between the degree of vestibular ablation, the control of vertigo, and the risk of hearing loss. Patients with functional hearing seem to have a similar success rate for vertigo control, compared with patients who already had lost functional hearing before treatment. Future investigation may determine if less than 100% RVR, but greater than 75% RVR, is an alternative end point with adequate vertigo control and reduced risk of hearing loss.