Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The timing of GIGANTEA expression during day/night cycles varies with the geographical origin of Arabidopsis accessions

ABSTRACT Latitudinal clines in circadian rhythms have consistently been described in various plant species, with the most recent examples appearing in soybean cultivars and in monkey flower natural populations. These latitudinal clines provide evidence that natural variation in circadian rhythms is adaptive, but it is still unclear what adaptive benefits this variation confers, particularly because circadian rhythms are not usually measured in day/night conditions that reflect those experienced by organisms in nature. Here, we report that daily rhythms of GIGANTEA expression respond to day length in a way that depends on the latitude of origin of Arabidopsis accessions. We additionally extend previous findings by confirming that natural variation in GI expression affects growth related traits, and alters the expression of different target genes. The results support the idea that natural variation in daily rhythms of expression have broad effects on plant development and are of potential adaptive value.
Mode Selection, Radio Resource Allocation, and Power Coordination in D2D Communications

D2D communication is an effective approach for traffic offloading in future cellular systems. However, only using direct D2D communication is not enough to fully exploit the advantages of D2D communications due to long distances or poor link quality between source and destination D2D UEs. This work aims to enhance the traffic offloading capacity of cellular-assisted D2D communication, taking into account D2D relays. In particular, we propose a unified model for D2D communication, in which two other D2D communication modes, that is, relay-assisted D2D and local route based D2D, are also supported by UEs in addition to direct D2D mode. We design radio protocol architectures for the three D2D modes and propose an eNB scheduling algorithm, which enables the eNB to perform joint scheduling on mode selection, radio resource allocation, and power coordination for all D2D pairs in each subframe. The effectiveness of our designs is validated by simulations.
Are Peasants Risk-Averse Decision Makers ?

For decades, researchers studying small-scale, subsistence oriented farmers have sought to explain why these " peasants " seem slow to acquire new technologies, novel agricultural practices, and new ideas from the larger societies that have engulfed them. The early work on this question suggested that this " cultural conservatism " resulted from things like a rigid adherence to tradition or custom (Hoffman 1996), a cognitive orientation toward a " limited good " (Foster 1988), or ignorance and lack of education. In response to such explanations, much of the subsequent debate on this issue has focused on showing that this seeming conservatism actually results from rational cost benefit analysis in which individuals make risk-averse decisions because of their uncertain and precarious economic situations (e. To inform this approach, we have combined comparative experimental field studies with economically oriented ethnography among two groups of small-scale farmers, the Mapuche of Chile and the Sangu of Tanzania. Our experiments, which were designed to measure risk preferences directly, indicate that both the Mapuche and Sangu are risk-preferring (not risk-averse) decision makers in the standard economic sense—suggesting that subsistence farmers more generally may not be risk-averse either. Furthermore, while sex, age, land holdings, and income do not predict risk preferences and wealth is—at most—only marginally predictive, what does seem to predict risk preferences in our monetary gambles " cultural group. " Although such experimental findings carry important caveats, they sug-and four anonymous referees for their helpful comments and insights. We also thank the National Science Foundation, the Organization of American States, the Preferences Network, and International Studies Overseas Programs for their financial support. Most important, we thank the Mapuche, Huinca, and Sangu for sharing their homes and lives with us. gest that standard views of risk-averse decision making may not be the best theoretical tools for understanding " peasant conservatism " or the behavioral patterns often attributed to " rational risk aversion. " Our discussion proceeds as follows: First, we sketch two standard models of risk preferences that seek to capture what researchers mean when they describe behavior as " risk-averse. " Second, we introduce the ethnographic field sites where the experimental and ethnographic research was performed and describe the methods used. Third, we report the basic experimental results. Fourth, we examine our results in light of the standard approaches to risk and discuss some caveats and challenges to interpreting our experimental risk data. Finally, we …
Increased Prevalence of Aortic Fatty Streaks in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits Administered Intravenous Cocaine: The Role of Vascular Endothelium*1

Several recent postmortem studies suggest an increased prevalence of atherosclerosis in young habitual cocaine abusers. However, little is known about the effects of cocaine abuse on the vascular endothelium and its relationship to atherosclerosis. Therefore, the consequence of chronic administration of intravenous cocaine on the induction of aortic sudanophilia was examined. Male New Zealand White rabbits were fed a 0.5% cholesterol diet for 10 wk. During this period, animals were randomized to receive either cocaine-hydrochloride (0.25 mg/kg) intravenously (n = 17) twice daily; or an equivalent volume of 0.9% physiologic saline, control group (n = 16). Mean values for total circulating leukocytes and platelets and total plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were similar in both groups throughout the protocol. At the completion of the study, aortic sudanophilia was measured and expressed as a percentage of regional involvement (R1 = proximal 4 cm, R2 = middle 6 cm, and R3 = distal 10 cm). Statistical significance among groups was achieved in the proximal thoracic aorta (p = 0.057). No significant differences in sudanophilia were noted in the middle and distal segments. When animals were placed in subgroups according to percent total plaque involvement, there was a significant increased distribution of rabbits with a greater extent of sudanophilia in the cocaine-treated group as compared with control (p = 0.01, chi-square analysis). Immunocytochemical studies using the macrophage-specific and muscle actin-specific monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that sudanophilic areas in both groups were predominantly composed of macrophage-derived foam cells. Evaluation of plaque morphology showed an increase in intimal plaque thickness and in the number of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in cocaine-treated animals; however, group differences were not statistically significant. Because no significant differences were found in the cellular composition of atherosclerotic plaques between groups, further studies were performed to assess the effects of cocaine on the permeability function of cultured endothelial cell monolayers as a possible mechanism of increased sudanophilia. Cocaine (100 μM)-treated endothelial cell monolayers demonstrated an increased permeability to horseradish peroxidase during all time intervals studied (0-6 hr). Permeability differences were statistically significant at 30 min and 1 hr (p = 0.003 and 0.02, respectively). Collectively, these observations suggest that administration of cocaine to cholesterol-fed rabbits increases the prevalence of aortic sudanophilia via at least one possible mechanism involving enhanced vascular permeability.
Plan, Attend, Generate: Character-Level Neural Machine Translation with Planning

We investigate the integration of a planning mechanism into an encoder-decoder architecture with attention. We develop a model that can plan ahead when it computes alignments between the source and target sequences not only for a single time-step but for the next k time-steps as well by constructing a matrix of proposed future alignments and a commitment vector that governs whether to follow or recompute the plan. This mechanism is inspired by strategic attentive reader and writer (STRAW) model, a recent neural architecture for planning with hierarchical reinforcement learning that can also learn higher level temporal abstractions. Our proposed model is end-to-end trainable with differentiable operations. We show that our model outperforms strong baselines on character-level translation task from WMT’15 with fewer parameters and computes alignments that are qualitatively intuitive.
Ecology and biogeography of plant communities associated with the post Plio‐Pleistocene relict Rhododendron ponticum subsp. baeticum in southern Spain

Aims Rhododendron ponticum L. is reputed to be a post Plio‐Pleistocene relict plant species with a disjunct distribution that comprises the Iberian Peninsula to the west and the Euxinian region plus some restricted Mediterranean areas to the east. We analysed the ecological range (of subsp. baeticum) in the western area (Aljibe Mountains, north of the Strait of Gibraltar) to understand the factors determining the present area limitation.
Flexible Histograms : A Multiresolution Texture Discrimination Model

Motivation: The notion of texture is difficult to capture formally. Textures are usually the output of some random physical process wherein local structure is repeated seemingly at random and there is a lack of global structure. So, while the fur of a leopard is considered to be a texture, the entire leopard is not. This distinction is unavoidably arbitrary. We present an approach to texture recognition that is successful at modeling random repeating textures such as fur or bark and which naturally and automatically extends to structural patterns of many scales.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurement of Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaque Size In Vivo Using High Resolution

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurement of Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaque Size In Vivo Using High Resolution Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 1998 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/01.CIR. 98.24. 2666 1998;98:2666-2671 Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals. org/content/98/24/2666 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
In Vitro Enhanced Sensitivity to Cisplatin in D67Y BRCA1 RING Domain Protein

BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor protein involved in maintaining genomic integrity through multiple functions in DNA damage repair, transcriptional regulation, cell cycle checkpoint, and protein ubiquitination. The BRCA1-BARD1 RING complex has an E3 ubiquitin ligase function that plays essential roles in response to DNA damage repair. BRCA1-associated cancers have been shown to confer a hypersensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Here, we have studied the functional consequence of the in vitro E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and cisplatin sensitivity of the missense mutation D67Y BRCA1 RING domain. The D67Y BRCA1 RING domain protein exhibited the reduced ubiquitination function, and was more susceptible to the drug than the D67E or wild-type BRCA1 RING domain protein. This evidence emphasized the potential of using the BRCA1 dysfunction as an important determinant of chemotherapy responses in breast cancer.
Lecture Notes on Hybrid Systems

The aim of this course is to introduce some fundamental concepts from the area of hybrid systems, that is dynamical systems that involve the interaction of continuous (real valued) states and discrete (finite valued) states. Applications where these types of dynamics play a prominent role will be highlighted. We will introduce general methods for investigating properties such as existence of solutions, reachability and decidability of hybrid systems. The methods will be demonstrated on the motivating applications. Students who successfully complete the course should be able to appreciate the diversity of phenomena that arise in hybrid systems and how discrete “discrete” entities and concepts such as automata, decidability and bisimulation can coexist with continuous entities and concepts, such as differential equations.
New solution of D = 11 supergravity on S7 from D = 4

A new static partially twisted solution of N = 4, SO(4) gauged supergravity in D = 11 is obtained in this work using Cvetiĉ et al embedding of four dimensional into eleven dimensional supergravities. In four dimensions we get two solutions: an asymptotic one corresponding to AdS4 and a near horizon fixed point solution of the form AdS2 × H2. Hence, while the former solution has 32 supercharges the latter turns out to have only 4 conserved. Moreover, we managed to find an exact interpolating solution, thus connecting the above two. Aiming at a future study of AdS/CFT duality for the theory at hand we derived the Penrose limit of the four dimensional solutions. Interestingly the pp-wave limit of the near horizon solution suggests itself as being of the supernumerary supersymmetric type. In D = 11 we exhibit the uplift of the four dimensional solutions: one associated to AdS4 × S7 and the other to a foliation of AdS2 × H2 × S7, as well as their pp-wave limits.
Further Evidence That the Redshifts of AGN Galaxies May Contain Intrinsic Components

In the decreasing intrinsic redshift (DIR) model galaxies are assumed to be born as compact objects that have been ejected with large intrinsic redshift components, zi, out of the nuclei of mature AGN galaxies. As young AGN galaxies (quasars) they are initially several magnitudes subluminous to mature galaxies but their luminosity gradually increases over 108 yr, as zi decreases and they evolve into mature AGN galaxies (BL Lac objects, Seyferts, and radio galaxies). Evidence presented here that on a log z-mv plot the bright edge of the AGN galaxy distribution at z = 0.1 is unquestionably several magnitudes subluminous to the brightest radio galaxies is then strong support for this model and makes it likely that the high-redshift AGN galaxies (quasars) are also subluminous, having simply been pushed above the radio galaxies on a log z-mv plot by the presence of a large intrinsic component in their redshifts. An increase in luminosity below z = 0.06 is also seen. It is associated in the DIR model with an increase in luminosity as the sources mature but, if real, is difficult to interpret in the cosmological redshift (CR) model since at this low redshift it is unlikely to be associated with a higher star formation rate or an increase in the material used to build galaxies. Whether it might be possible in the CR model to explain these results by selection effects is also examined.
Watertight Scenes from Urban LiDAR and Planar Surfaces

The demand for large geometric models is increasing, especially of urban environments. This has resulted in production of massive point cloud data from images or LiDAR. Visualization and further processing generally require a detailed, yet concise representation of the scene's surfaces. Related work generally either approximates the data with the risk of over‐smoothing, or interpolates the data with excessive detail. Many surfaces in urban scenes can be modeled more concisely by planar approximations. We present a method that combines these polygons into a watertight model. The polygon‐based shape is closed with free‐form meshes based on visibility information. To achieve this, we divide 3‐space into inside and outside volumes by combining a constrained Delaunay tetrahedralization with a graph‐cut. We compare our method with related work on several large urban LiDAR data sets. We construct similar shapes with a third fewer triangles to model the scenes. Additionally, our results are more visually pleasing and closer to a human modeler's description of urban scenes using simple boxes.
Biophysical Techniques for Detection of cAMP and cGMP in Living Cells

Cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are ubiquitous second messengers which regulate myriads of functions in virtually all eukaryotic cells. Their intracellular effects are often mediated via discrete subcellular signaling microdomains. In this review, we will discuss state-of-the-art techniques to measure cAMP and cGMP in biological samples with a particular focus on live cell imaging approaches, which allow their detection with high temporal and spatial resolution in living cells and tissues. Finally, we will describe how these techniques can be applied to the analysis of second messenger dynamics in subcellular signaling microdomains.
Semantic pheromone walking: A semantic clue discovering scheme based on concept relatedness in open domain knowledge network

Semantic clue discovering has been a significant issue for mining the form of correlation among concepts or things(Knowledge Entities). The correlation is seen as an important reference for improving information retrieval, knowledge reasoning or making decisions. At present, most searches on semantics focused on semantic relatedness computing rather than semantic clues discovering. To discover semantic clues, we propose a novel semantic clues discovering method, named as Semantic Pheromone Walking (SPW) that utilizes the strategies of pheromone in ant colony algorithm and random walk algorithm to discover close semantic clues among knowledge entities. Our proposed SPW comprises two aspects: concept network construction and semantic clue discovering. Firstly, constructing a weighted network model named Concept Network (CN), the link weights of which are determined in accordance with the hyperlink structure and semantic relatedness of text data in ODKN contains abundant semantic information. Then, a concept network based Semantic Pheromone Walking method is addressed to discover semantic clues between knowledge entities by using Semantic Pheromone (SP) which is a digital signal reflecting the compactness of concept correlation, as heuristic information. Finally, the experimental results show that: the human cognitive information contained in the knowledge network can meet the need of the exploration of correlation form between things and our solution could find reasonable semantic clues based it.
Linearization of matrix polynomials expressed in polynomial bases

This paper concerns regular matrix polynomials P(λ) when represented in various polynomial bases (other than the monomials 1, λ, λ 2 ,.). As in the monomial case, matrices of 'companion' form play an important part in theory and numerical practice. In particular, they are used here to construct 'strong linearizations' of P(λ). The paper contains three theorems concerning linearizations constructed for representations in a general class of 'degree-graded' polynomials, Bernstein polynomials and Lagrange polynomials.
Novel Hybrid NN/HMM Modelling Techniques for On-line Handwriting Recognition

In this work we propose two hybrid NN/HMM systems for handwriting recognition. The tied posterior model approximates the output probability density function of a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) with a neural net (NN). This allows a discriminative training of the model. The second system is the tandem approach: A NN is used as part of the feature extraction, and then a standard HMM apporach is applied. This adds more discrimination to the features. In an experimental section we compare the two proposed models with a baseline standard HMM system. We show that enhancing the feature vector has only a limited effect on the standard HMMs, but a significant influence to the hybrid systems. With an enhanced feature vector the two hybrid models highly outperform all baseline models. The tandem approach improves the recognition performance by 4.6% (52.9% rel. error reduction) absolute compared to the best baseline HMM.
Entrance and Exit Effects on Flow through Metallic Foams

Metallic foams have diverse industrial applications due to their unique properties such as high porosity and high surface to volume ratio. To improve and modify the design of such applications, understanding of the foam characteristics such as unit pressure drop is required. Because of the complex microstructure of metallic foams, it is difficult to predict their characteristics by mathematical modeling analysis. Therefore, experimental studies have been suggested to discover the effect of microstructure on the pressure drop of metallic foams. Wide range of metallic foams having different thicknesses (2 to 63 mm), densities (83 to 91%), and pore sizes (0.4 to 2.3 mm) were tested in the present study. The unit pressure drop of same grade foam having different thicknesses was found to reduce with increasing the thickness. This effect results in different Darcian and non-Darcian permeability coefficients for the same foam which is unexpected, because these properties should be thickness independent and constant for each material. Consequently, experiments were conducted to validate that the pressure drop can be divided into two components of bulk and entrance pressure drops and found that, bulk contribution can be normalized by the thickness; however, entrance contribution cannot. After a certain thickness, which depends on the foam microstructure, the entrance contribution becomes constant. It was also observed that, entrance effect contributes more to the pressure drop for thin samples and at high velocities. Tests were also performed to non-destructively examine the homogeneity of the metallic foams and found that, heterogeneity can be detected if it is either located at the foam sides or inside the foam but with pores finer than the bulk foam
Approaches to an Adaptive Middleware for Mobile Services

Adaptive middleware and wireless networks are hot topics in many discussions today. Literature describes a lot of approaches which are based upon existing middleware technologies by adding functionalities for adaptive behavior. Disadvantage of this proceeding is the resulting dependence upon the interface provided by the underlying middleware. This paper will describe a whole new approach for adaptive middleware which is on the one hand able to manage and organize a complex mobile wireless network. On the other hand it interprets requirements demanded from mobile services which are running on top of it. These requirements are described within a meta information base which comes along with a mobile service. Using this additional information the middleware adapts its behavior to optimize the performance of the complete network. To understand the behavior of the middleware this paper will first give a short description of the structure of the middleware. Subsequently it will classify four different abstraction layers starting with a view onto the entire network up to the fine-tuning mechanisms within the middleware itself. Afterward it will describe in detail a set the different adaption approaches within the four abstraction layers and show how these approaches are integrated into the middleware.
Text Representation with WordNet Synsets Using Soft Sense Disambiguation

Le traitement de l'information textuelle depend de facon critique de la representation adequate des textes. La representation sous la forme d'un sac de mots qui le composent est un moyen couramment utilise. Cette representation presente deux inconvenients, a savoir la polysemie et la synonymie qui sont les consequences de l'ambiguite des mots et du manque d'information sur les relations entre les mots. Cet article decrit un modele de representation d'un texte au moyen des synsets proposes dans WordNet. Ces synsets permettent la representation des concepts qui sous-tendent les mots du texte. Une approche de desambiguisation du sens est proposee. La representation textuelle ainsi obtenue a pour objectif de traduire les idees cles que les textes contiennent. Ce mecanisme a ete evalue a l'aide d'une mesure de qualite fondee sur le contenu informationnel de la representation textuelle. Cette approche a ete appliquee au probleme de classification de texte et donne des resultats encourageants.