Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Identification of user goals in web search based on classification of click-through results

The Web is a huge resource for people who use search engines to search for specific pages related to their specific needs. As a result, search engines are continuously striving to improve their ranking algorithms to efficiently fulfill end users‟ search needs. While such algorithms are effective in handling large volumes of web documents and queries, an understanding of web queries remains quite primitive. In recent years, extensive study has been performed to characterize how users seek information on the web. Such studies focus on how users modify queries and what are the possible user goals in web search. This project is inspired by a study about identification of user goals in web search carried out by Broder which described how the goal behind a web query can be classified into three categories: Navigational searches are those which are intended to find a specific web site that the user has in mind; informational searches are intended to find information about a topic; transactional searches are intended to perform some web-mediated activity. The objective of this work is to identify automatically if the user query has a predictable goal and if it does have a unique goal, what it really is. The results are very promising. The identification of user goals can ultimately be used to achieve efficient and effective ranking of search engine results. The design of a Search Engine based on user goals is also presented in the work.
CNOT3 contributes to early B cell development by controlling Igh rearrangement and p53 mRNA stability

Inoue et al. report that CNOT3, a subunit of the CCR4–NOT deadenylase complex regulating mRNA decay and translational repression, controls Igh gene rearrangement and destabilizes the mRNA of the tumor suppressor p53. Loss of CNOT3 results in a block of pro- to pre–B cell transition.
A Cultural Challenge for School Administrators

The job of a school administrator has changed over time from one of primarily administrative processes and functions to that of competencies and proficiencies. Incorporated within these competencies and proficiencies is the ability to understand the aspects of group dynamics, group and individual process skills, collaborative action, team building and, of course, cultural diversity. However, the understanding that cultural diversity exists at a school is not enough; the school administrator must understand the characteristics and expectations of the different cultural groups within the school community, including faculty, parents, and students. The Administrator must also develop a proactive strategy to address any potential "cultural" conflicts and misunderstanding that might arise. This paper reviews and introduces the reader to current research about individualism and collectivism as two important and diverse types of cultural characteristics through defining "culture", presenting the characteristics of individualistic and collectivist societies, addressing the importance of the school administrator understanding cultural differences, and presenting of effective tips for the school administrator to use in improving school-community understanding between cultures.
Educational attainment and obesity: a systematic review

Although previous systematic reviews considered the relationship between socioeconomic status and obesity, almost 200 peer‐reviewed articles have been published since the last review on that topic, and this paper focuses specifically on education, which has different implications. The authors systematically review the peer‐reviewed literature from around the world considering the association between educational attainment and obesity. Databases from public health and medicine, education, psychology, economics, and other social sciences were searched, and articles published in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish were included. This paper includes 289 articles that report on 410 populations in 91 countries. The relationship between educational attainment and obesity was modified by both gender and the country's economic development level: an inverse association was more common in studies of higher‐income countries and a positive association was more common in lower‐income countries, with stronger social patterning among women. Relatively few studies reported on lower‐income countries, controlled for a comprehensive set of potential confounding variables and/or attempted to assess causality through the use of quasi‐experimental designs. Future research should address these gaps to understand if the relationship between educational attainment and obesity may be causal, thus supporting education policy as a tool for obesity prevention.
University students’ unions: changing functions, a UK and comparative perspective

In this article, we consider the functions of students' unions (SUs) through a UK case study. First, a functional classification of educational representation; wider representation; delivery of commercial services and faciliating a student community is outlined. Second, we specify a theoretical framework in terms of neo-liberalism and therapeutic ideas of education. Third, we discuss recent SU functional changes. Fourth, we interpret those changes through the theories outlined above. Our contribution to scholarship is threefold; first we study the evolution of UK SUs. Second, we apply theory to interpret these changes. Third, we generate findings that could be applied to develop a comparative international literature.
An Automatic Contextual Analysis and Clustering Classifiers Ensemble approach to Sentiment Analysis

Products reviews are one of the major resources to determine the public sentiment. The existing literature on reviews sentiment analysis mainly utilizes supervised paradigm, which needs labeled data to be trained on and suffers from domain-dependency. This article addresses these issues by describes a completely automatic approach for sentiment analysis based on unsupervised ensemble learning. The method consists of two phases. The first phase is contextual analysis, which has five processes, namely (1) data preparation; (2) spelling correction; (3) intensifier handling; (4) negation handling and (5) contrast handling. The second phase comprises the unsupervised learning approach, which is an ensemble of clustering classifiers using a majority voting mechanism with different weight schemes. The base classifier of the ensemble method is a modified k-means algorithm. The base classifier is modified by extracting initial centroids from the feature set via using SentWordNet (SWN). We also introduce new sentiment analysis problems of Australian airlines and home builders which offer potential benchmark problems in the sentiment analysis field. Our experiments on datasets from different domains show that contextual analysis and the ensemble phases improve the clustering performance in term of accuracy, stability and generalization ability.
Autonomous Emergency Information Transmittion Technology through Community Coordination to Achieve Real-Time in In Wireless Sensor Network System

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is widely used in Emergency Management System (EMS) to assure requirement of safety in current society. For centralized management, it is difficult for conventional systems to assure the real-time transmission of emergency information under rapidly changing situations. Thus, based on the Autonomous Decentralized Community (ADC) concept the main route for emergency information transmission and the barrier for protecting the main route has been proposed. However, when multiple emergencies happen, the real-time property will decease for the transmission collision between communities. Therefore, this paper proposes Autonomous Emergency Information Transmission Technology in which the communities autonomously coordinate with each other to avoid the transmission collision between the main routes. The simulation results show the improvement of proposed technology.
Intrusion-Aware Alert Validation Algorithm for Cooperative Distributed Intrusion Detection Schemes of Wireless Sensor Networks

Existing anomaly and intrusion detection schemes of wireless sensor networks have mainly focused on the detection of intrusions. Once the intrusion is detected, an alerts or claims will be generated. However, any unidentified malicious nodes in the network could send faulty anomaly and intrusion claims about the legitimate nodes to the other nodes. Verifying the validity of such claims is a critical and challenging issue that is not considered in the existing cooperative-based distributed anomaly and intrusion detection schemes of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a validation algorithm that addresses this problem. This algorithm utilizes the concept of intrusion-aware reliability that helps to provide adequate reliability at a modest communication cost. In this paper, we also provide a security resiliency analysis of the proposed intrusion-aware alert validation algorithm.
Fnr Is Required for NifL-Dependent Oxygen Control of nif Gene Expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae

ABSTRACT In Klebsiella pneumoniae, NifA-dependent transcription of nitrogen fixation (nif) genes is inhibited by NifL in response to molecular oxygen and combined nitrogen. We recently showed that K. pneumoniae NifL is a flavoprotein, which apparently senses oxygen through a redox-sensitive, conformational change. We have now studied the oxygen regulation of NifL activity in Escherichia coli andK. pneumoniae strains by monitoring its inhibition of NifA-mediated expression of K. pneumoniaeø(nifH′-′lacZ) fusions in different genetic backgrounds. Strains of both organisms carryingfnr null mutations failed to release NifL inhibition of NifA transcriptional activity under oxygen limitation:nif induction was similar to the induction under aerobic conditions. When the transcriptional regulator Fnr was synthesized from a plasmid, it was able to complement, i.e., to relieve NifL inhibition in the fnr mutant backgrounds. Hence, Fnr appears to be involved, directly or indirectly, in NifL-dependent oxygen regulation of nif gene expression in K. pneumoniae. The data indicate that in the absence of Fnr, NifL apparently does not receive the signal for anaerobiosis. We therefore hypothesize that in the absence of oxygen, Fnr, as the primary oxygen sensor, activates transcription of a gene or genes whose product or products function to relieve NifL inhibition by reducing the flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor under oxygen-limiting conditions.
Never mind the quality, take a seat!

This paper considers whether lecturers delivering business higher education programmes (BHEPs) in further education colleges (FECs) in the UK see education to be a production industry, or a knowledge industry. It will consider the effects of managerialism and marketisation that the UK government (and others around the world) are applying to the education sector, and their possible effects. The study considers the narratives of 26 lecturers delivering BHEPs in FECs in relation to government intervention, and the impacts it may be having on their role as a lecturer. The research highlights that there may be a great deal of frustration and angst amongst these lecturers, and from this, suggests that colleges may be behaving more like production factories, rather than institutions of further and higher education.
Resampling based method for pixel-wise correspondence between 3D faces

This paper presents a novel method for pixel-wise correspondence between 3D face images. The method is based on uniform gridded-resampling of different 3D faces and advances a particular even-partition procedure including uniform face segmentation and iso-curves initialization for correspondence. Pixel-wise correspondence between 3D face images is the basis of a 3D face model, which is capable of analyzing novel face images. Pixel-wise correspondence (which can also be called point-to-point correspondence) between 3D prototypes is currently based mainly on several algorithms derived from optical flow. Using a series of examples, our approach has shown its advantages and been proved to be promising for pixel-wise correspondence between 3D face images.
Emotional Availability in Mother-Child Interaction: The Case of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

SYNOPSIS Objective. The goals of the study were to provide descriptive information regarding the Emotional Availability (EA) Scales in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to examine the contribution of child functioning and diagnosis and maternal parenting stress and psychological distress to EA Scale scores. Design. 45 preschool-age boys with an ASD and their mothers were assessed using the EA Scales. Three play episodes were observed: free play, structured play, and social play. Results. Regarding the first goal, both relative stability in the rank ordering of dyads among episodes as well as differences among the episodes emerged: The free-play episode elicited the lowest scores on the EA Scales, the structured play episode elicited intermediate scores, and the social play episode elicited the highest scores. Results regarding the second goal showed that low-functioning children had lower scores on the child EA Scales than did high-functioning children, and the severity of the child's symptoms was related to lower scores on child and maternal EA dimensions. Finally, mothers' psychological distress was associated negatively with Nonintrusiveness. Conclusions. The EA Scales are useful for assessing children with ASDs. Associations between child functioning and diagnosis and maternal psychological distress and the emotional availability of mother–child interactions are highlighted.
The Utility and Psychometric Properties of the Abel-Blasingame Assessment System for Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities

This article describes the development and utility of the Abel-Blasingame Assessment System for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ABID) for assessment of sexual interest and problematic sexual behaviors. The study examined the preliminary psychometric properties and evaluated the clinical utility of the ABID based on a sample of 495 male adults with intellectual disabilities and/or developmental delays. The study examined (a) length of assessment time; (b) the ability of test takers to distinguish between gender and between 4 age groups; (c) whether the ABID has internal consistency within the cognitive distortions, social desirability scale, and fantasy vignettes items; (d) the criterion validity of the ABID to detect sustained sexual interest in children; and (e) whether the use of the ABID questionnaire as a structured clinical interview increases awareness of information about an individual's maladaptive behaviors important for treatment planning. The findings regarding these areas are discussed as well as the limitations of the tool in assessing individuals with intellectual disabilities.
On minimum sets of 1‐factors covering a complete multipartite graph

We determine necessary and sufficient conditions for a complete multipartite graph to admit a set of 1‐factors whose union is the whole graph and, when these conditions are satisfied, we determine the minimum size of such a set. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 58:239‐250, 2008
Transitions between Formations and Organisations: An Historical Perspective on the Political Representation of Australian Farmers

The political representation of Australian farmers merits more attention from an historical perspective. Drawing upon the existing wealth of organisational histories it is argued that one can identify a number of shifts in the dominant organisational form or strategy pursued by primary producers in seeking political representation over time. Each phase has its own logic and rationale rooted in a range of historical conditions. The article identifies the importance of the pattern of social interaction, economic conditions and the prevailing political process in catalysing transitions between “phases” of representation. It concludes that the current debate over representation amongst primary producers and rural communities should be interpreted as the precursor to yet another phase of representation.
Disability, embodiment and the meaning of the home

While aspects of the home may provide for privacy, sanctuary, security and other aspects of ‘ideal’ domestic habitation, such provisions are always conditional, contingent, never secure and likely to be challenged by, amongst other things, the onset and development of bodily impairment. However, explorations of the meaning of the home, and housing studies more generally, rarely consider the body and impairment and its interactions with domestic space. This is curious because impairment is a significant, and intrinsic, condition of human existence and can affect anyone at any time. The paper develops the argument that a person's feelings about, and experiences of, the home cannot be dissociated from their corporeality or the organic matter and material of the body. Thus, the quality of domestic life, and housing quality more generally, has to be understood, in part, with reference to the body and conceptions of corporeality.
Support for the Prion Hypothesis for Inheritance of a Phenotypic Trait in Yeast

A cytoplasmically inherited genetic element in yeast, [PSI+], was confirmed to be a prionlike aggregate of the cellular protein Sup35 by differential centrifugation analysis and microscopic localization of a Sup35—green fluorescent protein fusion. Aggregation depended on the intracellular concentration and functional state of the chaperone protein Hsp104 in the same manner as did [PSI+] inheritance. The amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal domains of Sup35 contributed to the unusual behavior of [PSI+]. [PSI+] altered the conformational state of newly synthesized prion proteins, inducing them to aggregate as well, thus fulfilling a major tenet of the prion hypothesis.
Experiments in Robot Control for an Instance-Based Reinforcement Learning Algorithm based on Prior Information

Reinforcement learning techniques are based on experience acquisition. In most realistic applications, experience is time-consuming: it implies sensor reading, actuator control and algorithmic update, constrained by the learning system dynamics. In fact, the information crudeness upon which classical learning algorithms operate can make such problems too difficult and unrealistic: embedding of prior structural knowledge, learning of control laws (instead of low level control actions) and full use of experience are required if control of real systems is at stake. In this paper, we show how a robust formulation (with respect to convergence properties) of the Qlearning method that considers prior information about the structure of the state space can be combined with an instance-based technique as a mechanism to accelerate learning. We then demonstrate it both in simulation (with a statistical consistency test) and in a real robot for a guidance task defined by a combination of a predefined control law and learned action policies.
Graph-based Approaches for Analyzing Team Interaction on the Example of Soccer

We present a graph-based approach to analyzing player interaction in team sports. A simple pass-based representation is presented that is subsequently used together with the PageRank algorithm to identify the importance of the players. Aggregating player scores to team values allows for turning our approach into a predictor of the winning team. We report on empirical results on five German Bundesliga seasons.
Learning with non-positive kernels

In this paper we show that many kernel methods can be adapted to deal with indefinite kernels, that is, kernels which are not positive semidefinite. They do not satisfy Mercer's condition and they induce associated functional spaces called Reproducing Kernel Kreĭn Spaces (RKKS), a generalization of Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS). Machine learning in RKKS shares many "nice" properties of learning in RKHS, such as orthogonality and projection. However, since the kernels are indefinite, we can no longer minimize the loss, instead we stabilize it. We show a general representer theorem for constrained stabilization and prove generalization bounds by computing the Rademacher averages of the kernel class. We list several examples of indefinite kernels and investigate regularization methods to solve spline interpolation. Some preliminary experiments with indefinite kernels for spline smoothing are reported for truncated spectral factorization, Landweber-Fridman iterations, and MR-II.
Reducing the burden of road traffic injury: translating high-income country interventions to middle-income and low-income countries

Objective: To increase seat belt restraint use in Guangzhou City, People’s Republic of China. Design: Comparison group pre-test, post-test design. Setting: Guangzhou City. Interventions: Interventions to increase the prevalence of seat belt use in high-income countries (enhanced training and enforcement practices along with raising of public awareness) were adapted and implemented in Guangzhou. The prevalence of seat belt use was determined before and after the introduction of the 12-month intervention. Seat belt prevalence was also examined over the same time period in the neighboring city of Nanning, and an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis of the intervention was undertaken. Main outcome measures: Prevalence rates and incremental cost effectiveness ratios. Results: A 12% increase in seat belt use was observed in Guangzhou over the study period, increasing from a prevalence of 50% before (error range 30–62%) to 62% after (error range 60–67%) (p<0.001) the intervention; an absolute change difference between the intervention and reference city of 20% was achieved. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the intervention was ¥3246 (US$418) per disability-adjusted life year saved. Conclusions: This city-wide intervention demonstrates that it is possible to increase the prevalence of seat belt use using similar methods to those used in high-income countries and, importantly, that such an approach is cost-effective.
RECLAIMING THE POWER: LITERATE IDENTITIES OF STUDENTS AND TEACHERS: AN INTRODUCTION

Becoming a literate person is a multidimensional, complex process. Springing from the language and culture of home and community, each child’s personal literacy consistently screens and molds knowledge and understanding gained from language events within many contexts and cultures (Banks, 1993; Nieto, 2002; Watson, 1996). Personal literacy is supported in the research as a critical pathway to the development of reading and writing proficiency (Barton & Hamilton, 1998; Cairney & Ruge, 1998; Levin, 1994). Specifically, the personal literacies of school children are framed by influences in both home and school cultures; however, in most educational settings in the United States, the school culture remains the dominant learning culture (Au, 1993; Heath, 1983; Ogbu, 1999; Osterman, 2000). As a result, there is potential for the marginalization of children who belong to cultural or linguistic minorities (Moll, 1992; Murphy & Dudley-Marling, 2000). What the child knows about literacy and learning and how she or he is expected to demonstrate that understanding at school may be in conflict (Banks, 1993; Delpit, 1995; McCaleb, 1997). Borrowing from the factory model, education has historically focused on uniformity, where the choices and power lie in the system and not with the teacher or student (Clinchy, 1998; Kasten & Lolli, 1998; Kohn, 1999; Leland & Kasten, 2002). In this model, the teacher is a technician; his or her teaching focus is on providing instruction expected to produce uniform results (Edelsky, 1998; Peck, 1998; Taylor, 1998). Such uniformity does not embrace differences of culture, language, or funds of knowledge as meaningful extensions of literacy growth and development in individual children, particularly in areas where these differences are most evident (Banks, 1993; Eisner, 2002; Hoffman, 1996). Informed teachers can use knowledge of personal culture ‘‘to motivate students and as a foundation to