Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamically reconfigurable directionality of plasmon-based single photon sources

We propose a plasmon-based reconfigurable antenna to controllably distribute emission from single quantum emitters in spatially separated channels. Our calculations show that crossed particle arrays can split the stream of photons from a single emitter into multiple narrow beams. We predict that beams can be switched on and off by switching host refractive index. The design method is based on engineering the dispersion relations of plasmon chains and is generally applicable to traveling wave antennas. Controllable photon delivery has potential applications in classical and quantum communication.
A Ultra Wideband Radial Combiner for ${\rm X/K}u$-Band Using CNC and DMLS Processes

This letter presents the development of a X/Ku-band (8-18 GHz) radial waveguide combiner for solid state power amplifiers. The proposed radial combiner utilizes a novel waveguide to coaxial transition which allows for ultra-wideband performance. Simulation results show a 1 dB insertion loss bandwidth of 9.5 GHz for this proposed combiner. Finally, both computer numerical control (CNC) machining and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) stereo-lithographical processes are investigated as potential fabrication methods.
Directed evolution of anti-HER2 DARPins by SNAP display reveals stability/function trade-offs in the selection process

In vitro display technologies have proved to be powerful tools for obtaining high-affinity protein binders. We recently described SNAP display, an entirely in vitro DNA display system that uses the SNAP-tag to link protein with its encoding DNA in water-in-oil emulsions. Here, we apply SNAP display for the affinity maturation of a designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPin) that binds to the extracellular domain of HER2 previously isolated by ribosome display. After four SNAP display selection cycles, proteins that bound specifically to HER2 in vitro, with dissociation constants in the low- to sub-nanomolar range, were isolated. In vitro affinities of the panel of evolved DARPins directly correlated with the fluorescence intensities of evolved DARPins bound to HER2 on a breast cancer cell line. A stability trade-off is observed as the most improved DARPins have decreased thermostability, when compared with the parent DARPin used as a starting point for affinity maturation. Dissection of the framework mutations of the highest affinity variant, DARPin F1, shows that functionally destabilising and compensatory mutations accumulated throughout the four rounds of evolution.
Susceptibility of Vespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera: vespidae) to generalist entomopathogenic fungi and their potential for wasp control.

The pathogenicity of Vespula vulgaris wasp workers and larvae to a range of fungi was determined. All fungi were isolated in New Zealand and included isolates from Vespula, known generalist insect pathogens, and isolates generally nonpathogenic to insects. Workers and larvae were highly susceptible to pathogenic isolates at high spore concentrations (>1.75 x 10(5) cfu/individual). Eight isolates, two of Metarhizium anisopliae, five of Beauveria bassiana, and one of Aspergillus flavus were pathogenic while a single isolate of M. flavouiride var. novazealandicum, Cladosporium sp. , and Paecilomyces sp. were not. The transfer of spores between workers, and between workers and larvae, was also investigated using several different application methods. Transfer of spores occurred between treated and untreated individuals, and for some of the application methods sufficient spores were transferred to cause mortality of the nontreated individuals. These findings are related to the potential of fungi for the control of wasps.
An Experimental Model for In-vehicle Networks and Subsystems

We pursue an experimental setup that gathers various in-vehicle networks and subsystems that are critical from a security perspective. As cyber-attacks to cars have become a reality, the model comes handy for both research and engineering education. The usefulness of this empirical model stems from both being helpful in creating a realistic view on the security of automotive systems and for creating security awareness. We do congregate in our setup various communication buses, e.g., CAN, LIN and FlexRay, and bring connectivity between several low and high-end automotive-grade development boards that are linked to off-the-shelf invehicle components, e.g., an instrument cluster and an infotainment unit, etc. The setup serves as a concise and practical representation of in-vehicle subsystems, network topologies and highlights security implications.
Photoregulation of enzyme activity. Photochromic, transition-state-analog inhibitors of cysteine and serine proteases

Two azobenzene derivatives, the aldehyde 1 and the boronic acid 2, were synthesized and shown to be reversible, photoregulatable inhibitors of the cysteine protease, papain, and the serine proteases, chymotrypsin and subtilisin. trans-1 was found to be a potent, reversible inhibitor of papain (K i =2.1 μM) while its cis isomer was about 40 times weaker. Irradiation of a solution containing papain and trans-1 with 330>λ>370 nm light resulted in a photostationary state mixture of 83% cis-1 and a corresponding 500% increase in enzyme activity. The original activity level was subsequently restored by irradiation with λ>400 nm light which converted the inhibitor back to its trans configuration. The cycle was repeated to give an identical change in enzyme activity
Use of sibling relationship reconstruction to complement traditional monitoring in fisheries management and conservation of brown trout

Declining trends in the abundance of many fish urgently call for more efficient and informative monitoring methods that would provide necessary demographic data for the evaluation of existing conservation, restoration, and management actions. We investigated how genetic sibship reconstruction from young‐of‐the‐year brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) juveniles provides valuable, complementary demographic information that allowed us to disentangle the effects of habitat quality and number of breeders on juvenile density. We studied restored (n = 15) and control (n = 15) spawning and nursery habitats in 16 brown trout rivers and streams over 2 consecutive years to evaluate the effectiveness of habitat restoration activities. Similar juvenile densities both in restored and control spawning and nursery grounds were observed. Similarly, no differences in the effective number of breeders, Nb(SA), were detected between habitats, indicating that brown trout readily used recently restored spawning grounds. Only a weak relationship between the Nb(SA) and juvenile density was observed, suggesting that multiple factors affect juvenile abundance. In some areas, very low estimates of Nb(SA) were found at sites with high juvenile density, indicating that a small number of breeders can produce a high number of progeny in favorable conditions. In other sites, high Nb(SA) estimates were associated with low juvenile density, suggesting low habitat quality or lack of suitable spawning substrate in relation to available breeders. Based on these results, we recommend the incorporation of genetic sibship reconstruction to ongoing and future fish evaluation and monitoring programs to gain novel insights into local demographic and evolutionary processes relevant for fisheries management, habitat restoration, and conservation.
Automatically Generating Payload-Based Models for Botnet Detection

In recent years, botnet has become a popular technique for deploying cybercrime because it is hard to be prevented and easily cause devastating loss. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a novel approach that can automatically generate effective payload-based models purely based on the traffic of actual bot instances instead of signatures hand-tuned by human experts. In the learning phase, we group the packets of the botnet traffic and the benign traffic collected in advance according to their payload size and extract the signatures in the payload in order to generate the payload-based models. We then identify the high quality signatures to reduce the size of models via the information gain ratio and the probability. During the matching phase, the proposed approach uses these payload-based models to check each incoming packet. Moreover, these models can efficiently discriminate the malicious botnet traffic from the benign traffic since it doesn't perform any correlation between different packets. The proposed approach was evaluated with several real-world network traces. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can detect botnet traffic traces successfully (about 96.4%) with high efficiency and an acceptable low false alarm rate (about 0.9%).
Association Analysis of Nonsyndromic Congenital Heart Disease and Tag Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of TBX20 and Genes in the Ras-MAPK Pathway.

AIMS The present study was performed to determine whether there are variants in TBX20 and genes of the Ras-MAPK pathway associated with nonsyndromic congenital heart disease (ns-CHD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 223 ns-CHD patients and 273 healthy controls from China were selected as study subjects to perform an association analysis using 22 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tag SNPs) located either in one of three genes in the Ras-MAPK pathway (MAP2K2, BRAF, and RAF1) or the TBX20 gene that have previously been associated with syndromic congenital heart disease. RESULTS The results showed that none of these tag SNPs are associated with ns-CHD. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that these disease-causing genes, which were previously discovered in familial cases, might not be the major genetic factors causing the development of ns-CHD in Chinese.
Poly[[bis(dimethylformamide)[μ7-5,5′-(methylenedioxy)diisophthalato]dizinc] dimethylformamide monosolvate]

In the crystal structure of the title coordination polymer, {[Zn2(C17H8O10)(C3H7NO)2]·C3H7NO}n, the molecular building block (MBB), viz. {Zn2(CO2)4(C3H7NO)2}, comprises two zinc atoms, each bridged by three carboxylate groups. These two Zn atoms exhibit different coordination environments: a distorted coordination intermediate between trigonal–pyramidal, and square–pyramidal formed by the two coordinated dimethylformamide molecules and three carboxylate groups, and a distorted tetrahedral coordination defined by carboxylate groups of which three are bidentate bridging and the fourth is a monodentate ligand. Thus, each ligand connects four MBBs, forming the three-dimensional polymer.
8 Anaemia in Developing Countries : Burden and Prospects of Prevention and Control

Anaemia constitutes a public health problem in developing countries. Worldwide, about 2 billion people are estimated to suffer from anaemia and it is reported to account for threequarters of 1 million deaths a year in Africa and South-East Asia. The underlying causes of anaemia are many, varied and largely preventable; these include nutritional deficiencies, infections and haemoglobin disorders. Cost-effective interventions against anaemia are well documented in the literature. However, there are constraints to diagnosis, treatment and prevention in resource-poor settings of developing countries. Effective management of anaemia includes treatment of the underlying cause, restoration of the haemoglobin concentration to normal levels, and prevention and treatment of complications, among others. Suggested strategies aimed at preventing anaemia focused on the major underlying causes in developing countries.
Future vector enhanced LSTM language model for LVCSR

Language models (LM) play an important role in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR). However, traditional language models only predict next single word with given history, while the consecutive predictions on a sequence of words are usually demanded and useful in LVCSR. The mismatch between the single word prediction modeling in trained and the long term sequence prediction in read demands may lead to the performance degradation. In this paper, a novel enhanced long short-term memory (LSTM) LM using the future vector is proposed. In addition to the given history, the rest of the sequence will be also embedded by future vectors. This future vector can be incorporated with the LSTM LM, so it has the ability to model much longer term sequence level information. Experiments show that, the proposed new LSTM LM gets a better result on BLEU scores for long term sequence prediction. For the speech recognition rescoring, although the proposed LSTM LM obtains very slight gains, the new model seems obtain the great complementary with the conventional LSTM LM. Rescoring using both the new and conventional LSTM LMs can achieve a very large improvement on the word error rate.
A Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Dovitinib (TKI-258), Enhances BMP-2-Induced Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro

Dovitinib (TKI258) is a small molecule multi-kinase inhibitor currently in clinical phase I/II/III development for the treatment of various types of cancers. This drug has a safe and effective pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile. Although dovitinib can bind several kinases at nanomolar concentrations, there are no reports relating to osteoporosis or osteoblast differentiation. Herein, we investigated the effect of dovitinib on human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-induced osteoblast differentiation in a cell culture model. Dovitinib enhanced the BMP-2-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) induction, which is a representative marker of osteoblast differentiation. Dovitinib also stimulated the translocation of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 into the nucleus and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, including ERK1/2 and p38. In addition, the mRNA expression of BMP-4, BMP-7, ALP, and OCN increased with dovitinib treatment. Our results suggest that dovitinib has a potent stimulating effect on BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation and this existing drug has potential for repositioning in the treatment of bone-related disorders.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and severe antisocial behavior in offspring: a review.

OBJECTIVES Recent research suggests that in utero exposure to maternal smoking is a risk factor for conduct disorder and delinquency. We review evidence of causality, a controversial but important public health question. METHODS We analyzed studies of maternal prenatal smoking and offspring antisocial behavior within a causal framework. RESULTS The association is (1) independent of confounders, (2) present across diverse contexts, and (3) consistent with basic science. Methodological limitations of existing studies preclude causal conclusions. CONCLUSIONS Existing evidence provides consistent support for, but not proof of, an etiologic role for prenatal smoking in the onset of antisocial behavior. The possibility of identifying a preventable prenatal risk factor for a serious mental disorder makes further research on this topic important for public health.
Comparison of two lightweight protocols for smartphone-based sensing

Smartphones are equipped with numerous sensors and have become sophisticated sensing platforms. However, several sensing applications running on a smartphone can degrade the device performance. This can be overcome by using lightweight application protocols which improve the smartphone performance in terms of bandwidth consumption, battery lifetime and communication latency. This work focuses on two emerging application protocols: the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). Although both protocols have been designed for highly constrained environments such as sensors, they are also appropriate to be adopted in smartphone applications. We provide a qualitative and quantitative comparison between MQTT and CoAP when used as smartphone application protocols and we give preliminary indications on the application scenarios in which either protocol should be adopted. While MQTT has already been adopted in smartphone applications, CoAP is relatively new and has up to now mainly been considered for sensors and actuators. Our comparison shows that CoAP can be a valid alternative to MQTT for certain application scenarios.
The Role of Resolution and Sample Preparation in Hydration Rim Measurement: Implications for Experimentally Determined Hydration Rates

The role of the theoretical limit of resolution of optical microscopes is discussed in relation to obsidian rim age-date determinations. The resolution of the optics is shown to contribute an error of ± 20 percent. The error analysis identified the determination of the activation energy as the single step in the dating process that introduces the largest error.
What Does Risk-Neutral Skewness Tell Us About Future Stock Returns?

This study documents a positive relationship between the option-implied risk-neutral skewness (RNS) of individual stock returns' distribution and future realized stock returns during the period 1996-2012. A strategy that is long the quintile portfolio with the highest RNS stocks and short the quintile portfolio with the lowest RNS stocks yields an average Fama-French-Carhart alpha of 55 bps per month (t-stat: 2.47). The significant underperformance of the portfolio with the most negative RNS stocks is driven by those stocks that are also perceived as relatively overpriced according to a series of overvaluation proxies and are too costly or too risky to sell short, thereby hindering the price correction mechanism. Our findings indicate that a highly negative RNS value, when reflecting high hedging demand for options by investors who perceive the underlying stock as relatively overpriced but hard to sell short, is a robust signal of significant future stock underperformance.
Spatiotemporal Coupler: Storage and Reproduction of Human Finger Motions

Currently, the development of a leading-edge technology for saving and reproducing human motions in terms of haptic information is required for various fields. To address these requirements, a motion-copying system has already been proposed. This system is a key technology that enables the realization of the acquisition, preservation, and reproduction of real-world haptic information. In order to apply this system to various fields, the use of the concept involving two types of coupling is important: that involving spatial and temporal couplings. In this paper, the use of the concept mentioned earlier is proposed, and the related system is named “spatiotemporal coupler. ” The proposed coupler is divided into two couplers. One is a spatial coupler, and the other is a temporal coupler. The spatial coupler connects human motions that are saved by haptic devices with different configurations according to the information for a human model. On the other hand, the temporal coupler integrates the saved motions temporally, and the integrated motion is reproduced as a single motion. The proposed concept is applied to finger motion in the experiments. The experimental results validate the proposed technology.
Changing antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Franceville, Gabon

Susceptibilities to penicillin, cefotaxime, kanamycin, tetracycline, and spectinomycin were measured for 5 reference strains and 302 Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates collected between 1980 and 1985. After an initial rise, the number of penicillinase-producing strains decreased. A gradual decrease in susceptibility to spectinomycin and the appearance of tetracycline-resistant strains were also documented.
Cerebral white matter injury of the premature infant-more common than you think.

Brain injury in the premature infant consists of multiple lesions, principally germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). The last of these now appears to be the most important determinant of the neurologic morbidity observed in survivors of birth weight <1500 g. Indeed, of these very low birth weight infants, ∼10% later exhibit cerebral palsy, and ∼50%, cognitive and behavioral deficits.1–5 The focal necrotic lesions of PVL deep in the cerebral white matter correlate well with the cerebral palsy, whereas the cognitive/behavioral deficits may relate to more diffuse white matter injury observed with PVL (see below). The nature of the relationship between the diffuse white matter injury and the cognitive/behavioral deficits is complex and not entirely understood (see below). The current report of the Hammersmith group by Counsell et al,6 published elsewhere in this issue, addresses the frequency and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of this diffuse white matter abnormality. The study of Counsell et al6 stimulates further a necessary change in the widely held concept of PVL as principally focal necrotic lesions in the periventricular white matter with subsequent cyst formation. This concept is based on the earlier classic neuropathological description in 1962 of the focal necrotic lesions by Banker and Larroche.7 That landmark work led to the appropriate descriptive term for focal softening in the periventricular white matter, ie, PVL. Indeed, innumerable later in vivo clinical and epidemiologic studies of PVL published in the last decade or so have used the ultrasonographic finding of focal periventricular echolucency as the hallmark of PVL (see ref. 1 for review). However, focal necrotic lesions evolving to cysts, readily identified by cranial ultrasonography, are no longer the principal feature of white matter injury in premature infants. Cystic PVL identified by brain imaging is a … Reprints requests to (J.J.V.) Department of Neurology, Fegan 1103, Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: joseph.volpe{at}tch.harvard. edu
Fluctuations and transport in a stirred fluid with a mean gradient.

The effective thermal diffusivity D* and the probability distribution of temperature fluctuations are measured in a stirred fluid across which a temperature gradient is maintained. A distinct mixing transition is observed for D* as a function of Reynolds number R. Above the transitions, the distribution is strongly non-Gaussian and approaches an exponential exp(-‖δT‖/βξ), where β is the local temperature gradient and ξ the correlation length.
Immunofluorescent localization of immunoglobulins, complement, and fibrinogen in human diseases. II. Acute, subacute, and chronic glomerulonephritis.

Paronetto (8). Sections were treated with acid buffers as previously described (5, 23) in an attempt to elute ,y-globulin from immune complexes. Fluorescence microscopy was performed with a Leitz Ortholux micro-scope, using two BG12 exciter filters and one OG4 or OG5 barrier filter. Pictures were taken with Ansco- chrome T/100 tungsten film or Kodachrome X and then converted to black and white negatives.
Human Intraocular Thermal Field in Action with Different Boundary Conditions Considering Aqueous Humor and Vitreous Humor Fluid Flow

In this study, a validated 3D finite volume model of human eye is developed to study the fluid flow and heat transfer in the human eye at steady state conditions. For this purpose, discretized bio-heat transfer equation coupled with Boussinesq equation is analyzed with different anatomical, environmental, and physiological conditions. It is demonstrated that the fluid circulation is formed as a result of thermal gradients in various regions of eye. It is also shown that posterior region of the human eye is less affected by the ambient conditions compared to the anterior segment which is sensitive to the ambient conditions and also to the way the gravitational field is defined compared to the geometry of the eye making the circulations and the thermal field complicated in transient states. The effect of variation in material and boundary conditions guides us to the conclusion that thermal field of a healthy and non-healthy eye can be distinguished via computer simulations. Keywords—Bio-heat, Boussinesq, conduction, convection, eye.