Studies on Stability Analysis for Grain Yield and its Attributes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes

The present investigation entitled “Studies on Stability Analysis for Grain Yield and Its Attributes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes” was undertaken with thirty seven rice genotypes including two checks at three different locations situated at different agro-climatic regions of TELANGANA viz., Directorate of Rice Research farm at ICRISAT, Medak (Central Telangana Zone), Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jagtial (Northern Telangana Zone) and Agricultural Research Station, Kampasagar (Southern Telangana Zone) for studying stability for eight characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, panicle length, number of productive tillers per plant, total number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, 1000grain weight and grain yield per plant. At three locations, the analysis of variance indicated significant variation among the genotypes for all the characters studied. The pooled analysis of variance indicated significant variation among the environments, genotypes and Genotype x Environment interaction for all the characters studied. The significance of genotype and environment interaction suggests that genotypes behaved differently in different environment. The thirty seven Genotypes showed significant differences for all the characters, when tested against pooled error and pooled deviation. It reveals that the selected genotypes are having significant variation for all characters and may not showing uniform performance in different environments. Environments showed highly significant differences for all the characters under study except thousand grain weight, when tested against pooled error and panicle length and 1000 grain weight showed no significant differences, when tested against pooled deviation. It reveals that wide difference between environments. Whereas, Genotype x Environment interaction components showed highly significant differences for all the characters, when tested against pooled error and days to 50% flowering, plant height, total number of grains per panicle, and 1000 grain weight showed significantly differences, when tested against pooled deviation. It indicates wide differential behavior of genotypes in changing environments. The environment + (Genotype x Environment) was significant for all the characters, when tested against pooled error and all the characters shown significant differences except panicle length, number of filled grains when tested against pooled deviation. Research Article Cite this article: Ajmera, S. , Kumar, S.S. and Ravindrababu, V. , Studies on Stability Analysis for Grain Yield and its Attributes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5(4): 892-908 (2017). doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.18782/2320-7051.4079 Ajmera et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 892-908 (2017) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 Copyright © August, 2017; IJPAB 893 INTRODUCTION Rice, Oryza sativa (2n = 24) is the second most important cereal crop and staple food for more than one third of the world’s population. Varietal adaptability to environmental fluctuations is important for the stabilization of crop production over both the regions and years. An information on genotype x environment interaction leads to successful evaluation of stable genotype, which could be used for general cultivation. Yield is a complex quantitative character and is greatly influenced by environmental fluctuations; hence, the selection for superior genotypes based on yield per se at a single location in a year may not be very effective. Thus, evaluation of genotypes for stability of performance under varying environmental conditions for yield has become an essential part of any breeding programme. An understanding of the causes of genotype x environment interaction can help in identifying traits and environments for better cultivar evaluation. For developing stable varieties, some stability parameters for which Finlay and Wilkinson (1963), Eberhart and Russell (1966) have given some models and have been used in the search for an understanding of the causes of G x E interaction. Development of rice hybrids with high yield and desirable grain quality for different environments is one of the exciting research leads to successful evaluation of stable genotype, which could be used for general cultivation. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out, identifying stable genotypes with high yield using Eberhart and Russell model. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The nursery was sown in raised beds and healthy nursery was raised at all the locations following uniform package of practices. Thirty days old seedlings were transplanted following a spacing of 20 x 15 cm with a row length of 4.5 m for each entry. A set of 35 rice entries, along with two checks were analyzed for grain yield ant its attributes at the three loactions: Agricultural It is indicating distinct nature of environments and genotype x environment interactions in phenotypic expression. Significance of Environment (linear) component for all the characters, when tested against pooled error and panicle length, and 1000 grain weight showed no significant differences, when tested against pooled deviation. It’s indicating that difference between environments and their influence on genotypes for expression of these characters.The Genotype x Environment (linear) interaction was significant for all characters except panicle length, when tested against pooled error, while it was significant for days to 50% flowering, plant height and 1000 grain weight when tested against pooled deviation showed the significant differences. This indicated significant differences among the genotypes for linear response to environments (bi) behavior of the genotypes could be predicted over environments more precisely and G X E interaction was outcome of the linear function of environmental components. Hence, prediction of performance of genotypes based on stability parameters would be feasible and reliable. The significant pooled deviations for all characters, when tested against pooled error, indicates that the performance of genotypes is entirely unpredictable in nature. Among the genotypes studied, the genotypes RPHP104 and RPHP 107 were identified as the best genotypes at three locations, as they recorded highest mean for grain yield per plant with highest 1000 grain weight, number of productive tillers per plant and highest number of filled grains per panicle. Among the genotypes studied for the stability analysis at three locations, the genotype RPHP 103 and RPHP 104 showed stable performance for grain yield. The genotype RPHP 106 showed stable performance for grain yield, total number of grains per panicle and panicle length based on Eberhart and Russell (1966) stability criteria. Key word: Oryza sativa, Crop, Genotype, Environment. Ajmera et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 892-908 (2017) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 Copyright © August, 2017; IJPAB 894 Research Station, Kampasagar, Nalgonda district.Location II: Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jagtial, Karimnagar district.Location III: DRR farm, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Medak. during rainy (kharif) season of 2013. The genotypes were planted in a randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications following a spacing of 20 x 15 cm with a row length of 4.5 m for each entry. The analysis of variance for each location was conducted the mean genotypic values for each location was taken for analyzing the data over location. The characters which recorded significant G X E were used for stability analysis of Eberhart and Russell model (1966). A genotype with unit regression coefficient (bi=1) and deviation not significantly different from zero (S 2 di=0) was taken to be a stable genotype with unit response. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The present investigation was carried out to evaluate thirty seven genotypes in three locations viz., Directorate of Rice Research farm at ICRISAT, Medak for Central Telangana Zone, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jagtial, Karimnagar for Northern Telangana Zone and Agricultural Research Station, Kampasagar, Nalgonda for Southern Telangana Zone of Telangana state for the stability of the genotypes for grain Iron and Zinc concentrations, grain yield and yield related characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, panicle length, number of productive tillers per plant, total number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, thousand grain weight and grain yield per plant. The results obtained are presented below under the following headings. 1 Analysis of Variance. 2 Stability parameters viz., mean (μ), regression coefficient (bi) and deviation from regression (S 2 di) as per Eberhart and Russell (1966) model. 1 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE Thirty seven rice genotypes including two checks (1702, 1708) obtained from Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad, were subjected to pooled analysis of variance for eight characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, total number of grains per panicle, 1000–grain weight and Grain yield per plant. The analysis of variance (Table1) showed significant difference among the genotypes for all the characters studied in all the environments. It indicates that there is significant variation among genotypes, which can be further studied for their interaction with different environments to identify for their suitability for cultivation. The pooled analysis of variance (Table2) indicated significant variation among the Environments, Genotypes and Genotype x Environment interaction for all the characters studied. The significance of Genotype and Environment interaction suggests that genotypes behaved differently in different environment. Similar kind of results earlier reported by Satya Priya Lalitha and Sreedhar 33 , Chaudahar