Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Presynaptic Ultrastructural Plasticity Along CA3→CA1 Axons During Long‐Term Potentiation in Mature Hippocampus

In area CA1 of the mature hippocampus, synaptogenesis occurs within 30 minutes after the induction of long‐term potentiation (LTP); however, by 2 hours many small dendritic spines are lost, and those remaining have larger synapses. Little is known, however, about associated changes in presynaptic vesicles and axonal boutons. Axons in CA1 stratum radiatum were evaluated with 3D reconstructions from serial section electron microscopy at 30 minutes and 2 hours after induction of LTP by theta‐burst stimulation (TBS). The frequency of axonal boutons with a single postsynaptic partner was decreased by 33% at 2 hours, corresponding perfectly to the 33% loss specifically of small dendritic spines (head diameters <0.45 μm). Docked vesicles were reduced at 30 minutes and then returned to control levels by 2 hours following induction of LTP. By 2 hours there were fewer small synaptic vesicles overall in the presynaptic vesicle pool. Clathrin‐mediated endocytosis was used as a marker of local activity, and axonal boutons containing clathrin‐coated pits showed a more pronounced decrease in presynaptic vesicles at both 30 minutes and 2 hours after induction of LTP relative to control values. Putative transport packets, identified as a cluster of less than 10 axonal vesicles occurring between synaptic boutons, were stable at 30 minutes but markedly reduced by 2 hours after the induction of LTP. APV blocked these effects, suggesting that the loss of axonal boutons and presynaptic vesicles was dependent on N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor activation during LTP. These findings show that specific presynaptic ultrastructural changes complement postsynaptic ultrastructural plasticity during LTP. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3898–3912, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance analysis of multi-relay selective DF based OFDM cooperative systems over time selective links with imperfect CSI

This paper considers an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based selective decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative communication system with multiple mobile relays between the mobile source and destination. Closed form expressions have been derived for the average end-to-end SER and also the asymptotic error floor considering a Rayleigh faded correlated multi tap channel with time selectivity due to node mobility and imperfect channel estimates for the source-destination, source-relay and relay-destination links. Further, a framework is also developed for optimal power allocation for a given total system power budget. Simulation results have been presented to illustrate the system performance for various OFDM channel and mobility conditions and also to verify the analytical results derived. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that optimal power allocation leads to a performance improvement in comparison to the conventional equal power allocation especially in the low and moderate SNR regimes. At high SNR, the system performance with both optimal and equal power allocation can be seen to approach an asymptotic floor, since the system performance is independent of the power of the noise components, which is also supported by the analysis.
Nonlinear Business Cycle Dynamics: Cross-Country Evidence on the Persistence of Aggregate Shocks

The authors look for asymmetries in the dynamics of real GDP growth for the G7 countries, using a model by Beaudry and Koop that allows the depth of a recession to influence the rate of growth of output. They find evidence supporting these nonlinearities in four countries, including the United States, but the authors do not find evidence that the asymmetries are common even among the four countries exhibiting asymmetric behavior. A modification of the model to distinguish between the recession and recovery phases of a business cycle does not change this general finding. The asymmetries discovered by Beaudry and Koop do not appear to be common among the G7 nations. Copyright 1997 by Oxford University Press.
Oil, Agriculture, and the Public Sector: Linking Intersector Dynamics in Ecuador

In a recent paper, Fiess and Verner (2000) analyse sectoral growth in Ecuador and find significant long-run and short-run relationships between the agricultural, industrial and service sectors. They take this as evidence against the dual economy model which rules out a long-run relationship between agricultural and industrial output and show further that a more detailed picture of the growth process can be discovered, once the agricultural, industrial and service sectors are disaggregated further into intrasector components. This paper extends their initial results and provides insight from a multivariate cointegration analysis of intrasector components. The authors are able to identify three cointegrating relationships, each of which has its own meaningful economic interpretation: Two cointegration relationships capture the direct and indirect effects of the"petrolization"of the Ecuadorian economy. A third relationship clearly indicates a link between agriculture and industrial activity. Since this third cointegrating relationship seems to coincide in time with the trade liberalisation at the end of the 1980s, promoting agriculture appears to be an important way to promote sustainable economic growth in Ecuador.
Identifying Periods of Financial Stress in Asian Currencies: The Role of High Frequency Financial Market Data

We formally test that a process containing Brownian motion and jumps characterises the high frequency observations for eight Asian currencies against the US dollar. By harnessing the changes in behaviour of the data during periods of stress we develop a new indicator to detect stress dates in currency markets. We find that the global share of currency trade for each currency relates to the frequency of stress days detected. We align the stress dates to economic and political conditions using central bank and IMF reports on developments in currency markets.
Distribution of high affinity choline transporter immunoreactivity in the primate central nervous system

A mouse monoclonal antibody (clone 62‐2E8) raised against a human recombinant high‐affinity choline transporter (CHT)‐glutathione‐S‐transferase fusion protein was used to determine the distribution of immunoreactive profiles containing this protein in the monkey central nervous system (CNS). Within the monkey telencephalon, CHT‐immunoreactive perikarya were found in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, medial septum, vertical and horizontal limb nuclei of the diagonal band, nucleus basalis complex, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Dense fiber staining was observed within the islands of Calleja, olfactory tubercle, hippocampal complex, amygdala; moderate to light fiber staining was seen in iso‐ and limbic cortices. CHT‐containing fibers were also present in sensory and limbic thalamic nuclei, preoptic and hypothalamic areas, and the floccular lobe of the cerebellum. In the brainstem, CHT‐immunoreactive profiles were observed in the pedunculopontine and dorsolateral tegmental nuclei, the Edinger‐Westphal, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, ambiguus, dorsal vagal motor, and hypoglossal nuclei. In the spinal cord, CHT‐immunoreactive ventral horn motoneurons were seen in close apposition to intensely immunoreactive C‐terminals at the level of the cervical spinal cord. CHT immunostaining revealed a similar distribution of labeled profiles in the aged human brain and spinal cord. Dual fluorescent confocal microscopy revealed that the majority of CHT immunoreactive neurons contained the specific cholinergic marker, choline acetyltransferase, at all levels of the monkey CNS. The present observations indicate that the present CHT antibody labels cholinergic structures within the primate CNS and provides an additional marker for the investigation of cholinergic neuronal function in aging and disease. J. Comp. Neurol. 463:341–357, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
0.34-THz Wireless Link Based on High-Order Modulation for Future Wireless Local Area Network Applications

This paper presents a 0.34-THz wireless link for future wireless local area networks (WLANs), which is based on high order 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM). The system adopts super heterodyne transceivers and parallel digital signal-processing techniques. The 0.34-THz transceiver consists of a 0.34-THz subharmonic mixer, a 0.34-THz waveguide H-ladder bandpass filter, and a 0.17-THz multiplier chain. Two 0.34-THz Cassegrain antennas with 48.4-dBi gain have been developed to extend the transmission distance. Based on a 32-way parallel signal processing, we have successfully realized the 3-Gb/s, 16QAM real-time modulator and demodulator. The measured data indicate that the lowest bit error rate of the 0.34-THz, 3-Gb/s data link is 1.784×10-10 over a 50.0-m line-of-sight channel. The maximum received energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio ( Eb/N0) is 23.8 dB, while the output power of transmitter is -17.5 dBm and the noise temperature of receiver is 5227 K. In addition, this paper presents a 0.34-THz WLAN prototype based on IEEE 802.11b/g protocol. The WLAN prototype, which consists of an access point and two terminal nodes, achieves a transmission data rate of 6.536 Mb/s over 1.15 m by using rectangular horn antennas.
An analysis of knowledge management mechanisms in healthcare portals

Healthcare portals are becoming increasingly popular with Internet users since they play an important role in supporting interaction between individuals and healthcare organizations with a Web presence. Additionally, many of these organizations make use of knowledge management mechanisms on their healthcare portals to manage the abundance of health-related information, and exchange and share information with their users. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate the extent to which knowledge management mechanisms can be supported by healthcare portals. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of knowledge management mechanisms used by 60 healthcare portals to access, create and transfer knowledge. We selected healthcare portals from two geographical regions (i.e. North America and Asia) and three healthcare portal provider categories (i.e. hospital, government, non-government). We found that healthcare portals from different geographical regions and portal provider categories differed significantly on how they used their portals to access, create and transfer knowledge. The results of this study can be used by healthcare portal providers to enhance their knowledge management practices and improve their customer service relationships.
An optimal routing search method on the network routing problem using the sequential minimal optimization

The network routing problem is one of important problems to consider behaviors of multiple flows on a network with traffic. Some network routing problems can be classified into the selfish routing game in which the behaviors of the flows are competitive and the optimal routing problem in which the behaviors of the flows are cooperative. This study focuses on the optimal routing problem. The optimal routing problem is formulated as an optimization problem with a linear equality constraint and lower limit constraints. The learning problem of the support vector machine (SVM) is formulated as an optimization problem with a linear equality constraint and upper and lower limit constraints. The sequential minimal optimization (SMO) is one of the fast solvers for the learning problem. SMO can be applied to solve the optimal routing problem. This study proposes a new fast optimal routing search method using SMO. In the numerical experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed method on the computational cost is verified with the comparison to the search method using the replicator dynamics.
Influence of ${\rm SF}_{6}\hbox{--}{\rm N}_{2}$  Gas Mixture Parameters on the Effective Breakdown Temperature of the Free Electron Gas

This paper investigates the synergetic effect of the SF6-N2 gas mixture, taking the effective temperature of the free electron Maxwell spectrum at the time of breakdown as an independent parameter. In this way, a direct link between a macroscopic variable (dc breakdown voltage of the mixture) and a fundamental microscopic variable (effective temperature) is established. Derivations are presented of expressions that relate the streamer mechanism breakdown voltage in an SF6-N2 gas mixture to the pd product (pressure×interelectrode distance), the percentage contribution of the N2 gas (χ), and the effective temperature of the spectrum of free electrons in the mixture (Td) at the time of breakdown (breakdown temperature). A new theoretical model for the dependence of the electron attachment coefficient (effective cross section) in the electronegative SF6 gas was used, which resulted in the final expression being different from the corresponding expressions obtained from other models. The obtained results were verified by experiments, under well controlled laboratory conditions. There was a high degree of agreement between the experimental and the theoretically calculated results.
Economic Structure and Local Growth: France, 1984-1993

Abstract For 52 industry sectors and 42 services sectors, this paper tests how the local economic structure (local sectoral specialization and diversity, competition, average size of plants, and total employment density) affects the 1984–1993 employment growth of 341 local areas. These areas entirely and continuously cover the French territory. The impact of the local economic structure differs in industry and services. In industrial sectors, local total employment density, competition, and plant size always reduce local growth. Sectoral specialization and diversity have a negative impact on growth, but also increase the growth of a few sectors. Service sectors always exhibit negative specialization effects and positive diversity effects. Competition and plant size have a negative impact and density a positive one, but exceptions are observed for some sectors.
Connecting Anxiety and Genomic Copy Number Variation: A Genome-Wide Analysis in CD-1 Mice

Genomic copy number variants (CNVs) have been implicated in multiple psychiatric disorders, but not much is known about their influence on anxiety disorders specifically. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and two additional array-based genotyping approaches, we detected CNVs in a mouse model consisting of two inbred mouse lines showing high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior, respectively. An influence of CNVs on gene expression in the central (CeA) and basolateral (BLA) amygdala, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and cingulate cortex (Cg) was shown by a two-proportion Z-test (p = 1.6 x 10-31), with a positive correlation in the CeA (p = 0.0062), PVN (p = 0.0046) and Cg (p = 0.0114), indicating a contribution of CNVs to the genetic predisposition to trait anxiety in the specific context of HAB/LAB mice. In order to confirm anxiety-relevant CNVs and corresponding genes in a second mouse model, we further examined CD-1 outbred mice. We revealed the distribution of CNVs by genotyping 64 CD 1 individuals using a high-density genotyping array (Jackson Laboratory). 78 genes within those CNVs were identified to show nominally significant association (48 genes), or a statistical trend in their association (30 genes) with the time animals spent on the open arms of the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Fifteen of them were considered promising candidate genes of anxiety-related behavior as we could show a significant overlap (permutation test, p = 0.0051) with genes within HAB/LAB CNVs. Thus, here we provide what is to our knowledge the first extensive catalogue of CNVs in CD-1 mice and potential corresponding candidate genes linked to anxiety-related behavior in mice.
Strategies under pressure: USA‐China copyright dispute

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the Chinese and American efforts in keeping the balance of innovation and copyright protection, with an emphasis on China's strategies under Western, especially American pressure. The research findings are expected to enhance mutual efforts from the two countries to protect copyright and boost innovation and facilitate genuine communication between both sides in their decade‐long intellectual property right (IPR) disputes.Design/methodology/approach – For data collection, this study adopted in‐depth interviews of 45 participants who were either copyright holders as publishers and authors, or ordinary consumers in China. Under the theoretical guidance of strategies and tactics, thematic analysis was used to reveal the emerging themes in the transcripts concerning Chinese cultural perceptions of copyright in general and the relationship between innovation incentives and copyright protection in particular.Findings – First, both countries used strategies for t.
Consumer Behavior Toward Goat Milk and Its Processed Products in Malang, Indonesia

The study was carried out in Malang East Java, Indonesia. The purpose was to investigate how consumers behave with regard to fresh goat milk or its processed products and to examine determinants that influence this behavior. One hundred respondents were selected using a convenience sampling method and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze consumer behavior toward fresh goat milk or its processed products. This study could contribute to a better understanding of consumers' demand toward this food. Consumers often purchased fresh goat milk or its processed products whereas only a small number rarely bought this food. Consumers frequently demanded fresh goat milk or its processed products as they had more family members and perceived the importance of the availability, many choices, and the affordable price of this food. On the contrary, consumers with high education and concern about the importance of income, the existence of cow milk and its product, and consumers' perception about fresh goat milk and its processed products as special foods might seldom purchase these foods.
Pigment production and growth of Alternanthera plants cultured in vitro in the presence of tyrosine

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of tyrosine on the in vitro growth and the production of the betacyanin pigment in Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. tenella. Nodal segments were inoculated in MS medium containing different concentrations of tyrosine (0, 25, 50 and 75 μM), and the number of sprouts and buds, height, root length, fresh matter of shoots and roots and betacyanin content were evaluated. In A. philoxeroides , the highest production of betacyanin (51.30 mg 100 g-1 FM) was in the stems with the addition of approximately 45 μM tyrosine, while the increase in the leaves was proportional to the tyrosine concentration, and the best average was obtained with a tyrosine concentration of 75 μM (15.32 mg 100 g-1 FM). Higher tyrosine concentrations were deleterious to the growth of A. tenella plants, and a concentration of 75 μM was considered toxic. However, a tyrosine concentration of 50 μM benefitted betacyanin production, which reached 36.5 mg 100 g-1 FM in the plant shoots. These results showed the positive effect of tyrosine on the production of betacyanin in both species; however, application at high concentrations hampered the growth of Alternanthera plants.
EXISTENCE OF AN EQUILIBRIUM WITH DISCONTINUOUS PRICES, ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION, AND NONTRIVIAL INITIAL σ‐FIELDS

In this paper, we solve the problems of optimization and equilibrium on a continuous‐time financial market with discontinuous prices, in which agents have different random endowments and different information on the structure and future behavior of the prices. Our purpose is to go over and to extend the work of Pikovsky and Karatzas (1996) by using the theory developed by Amendinger (2000) about martingale representation theorems for initially enlarged filtrations, and to generalize the results in the case of discontinuous prices.
A Dutch Version of the Social Support for Exercise Behaviors Scale

We studied the reliability of a Dutch version of the Social Support for Exercise Behaviors Scale, originally developed by Sallis, Grossman, Pinski, Patterson, and Nader, using a sample of 461 older adults between 55 and 65 years of age. Cronbach alpha for the three subscales was calculated, respectively, as . 69, . 71, and . 26, which are lower than the alphas reported in the original study. This may be due to the cultural differences between The Netherlands and the United States and differences between the samples of the two studies.
On methods for privacy-preserving energy disaggregation

Household energy monitoring via smart-meters motivates the problem of disaggregating the total energy usage signal into the component energy usage and operating patterns of individual appliances. While energy disaggregation enables useful analytics, it also raises privacy concerns because sensitive household information may also be revealed. Our goal is to preserve analytical utility while mitigating privacy concerns by processing the total energy usage signal. We consider processing methods that attempt to remove the contribution of a set of sensitive appliances from the total energy signal. We show that while a simple model-based approach is effective against an adversary making the same model assumptions, it is much less effective against a stronger adversary employing neural networks in an inference attack. We also investigate the performance of employing neural networks to estimate and remove the energy usage of sensitive appliances. The experiments used the publicly available UK-DALE dataset that was collected from actual households.
Policy rule evaluation by contract-makers: 100 years of wage contract length in Sweden

The length of collective wage agreements in Sweden between 1908 and 2005 is explored to evaluate a variety of policy regimes from the wage contract-makers' perspective. Adopting a new long-run test, it is found that wage contract length decreases in response to an increase in â€ macroeconomic uncertaintyâ€ across policy regimes. There is also substantial short-run variation in contract length, which cautions against regime divisions based solely on the policy rule. The inflation targeting regime 1995-2005 stands out as an exceptionally stable policy regime as judged by the willingness of contract-makers to repeatedly commit to three-year non-indexed wage agreements. The results are based on a data base on collective wage agreements unique in international comparisons in terms of length and coverage.
The Welfare Analysis of Fiscal Policy: A Simple Unified Account

A simple general equilibrium model of an economy with distortionary taxes and public goods is used to extend, unify and clean up the welfare analysis of changes in taxation, redistribution and the provision of public goods. We clarify the distinction between compensation and money metric measures of the welfare impact of fiscal changes and show that the equivalent variation measure dominates other measures. We provide an integrated approach to marginal tax and public good changes when public goods have real resource costs and must be financed by distortionary taxation using the concepts of the marginal cost of funds, the fiscal price of public goods and the virtual price of public goods. Here too, the compensation version of these concepts dominates the money metric version.