Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modern Analytical Electromagnetic Homogenization

Electromagnetic homogenization is the process of estimating the effective electromagnetic properties of composite materials in the long-wavelength regime, wherein the length scales of nonhomogeneities are much smaller than the wavelengths involved. This is a bird's-eye view of currently available homogenization formalisms for particulate composite materials. It presents analytical methods only, with focus on the general settings of anisotropy and bianisotropy. The authors largely concentrate on 'effective' materials as opposed to 'equivalent' materials, and emphasize the fundamental (but sometimes overlooked) differences between these two categories of homogenized composite materials. The properties of an 'effective' material represents those of its composite material, regardless of the geometry and dimensions of the bulk materials and regardless of the orientations and polarization states of the illuminating electromagnetic fields. In contrast, the properties of 'equivalent' materials only represent those of their corresponding composite materials under certain restrictive circumstances.
Cytosm: Declarative Property Graph Queries Without Data Migration

The property graph model has recently gained significant popularity, combining great expressiveness with powerful declarative graph query languages. However, in order to take advantage of these features, data must be loaded into a specialised graph database. Additionally, property graphs are often schema-free, complicating efficient query execution. In this paper we present Cytosm, a middleware application which enables the execution of property graph queries, on non-graph databases, without data migration. Cytosm relies on gTop, a schema containing an abstract property graph topology, and its mapping to specific database backends. Cytosm uses gTop to efficiently execute OpenCypher queries, exploiting schema information to optimise the query plan, and mapping query concepts to the relational backend. Our experiments show that Cytosm achieves competitive query execution times on relational backends, when compared to leading graph databases.
An embedded tri-CCD color linescan imaging system based on USB 2.0 interface

A solution is proposed in the design of an embedded high-resolution linescan imaging system based on TCD2252D tri-linear color CCD. The USB 2.0 interface based on CY7C68013 controller is selected with the high data transmission speed up to 96Mbps. One EP2C50 FPGA chip is applied as the logic control center, in charge of CCD driving, A/D sampling and USB interface buffer control, etc. The synchronous triple FIFO buffering mechanism is used to resolve real-time color disorder correction without changing original optical system, omitting traditional expensive RGB color separation beam splitter. Some other key design technology is also illustrated about how to implement the control logic mentioned above inside the FPGA, such as multi-channel data sampling, multi-channel synchronous transmission control, and colorimetric correction processing etc. The test result shows that this solution is quite feasible and effective.
Folding of human telomerase RNA pseudoknot using ion-jump and temperature-quench simulations.

Globally RNA folding occurs in multiple stages involving chain compaction and subsequent rearrangement by a number of parallel routes to the folded state. However, the sequence-dependent details of the folding pathways and the link between collapse and folding are poorly understood. To obtain a comprehensive picture of the thermodynamics and folding kinetics we used molecular simulations of coarse-grained model of a pseudoknot found in the conserved core domain of the human telomerase (hTR) by varying both temperature (T) and ion concentration (C). The phase diagram in the [T,C] plane shows that the boundary separating the folded and unfolded state for the finite 47-nucleotide system is relatively sharp, implying that from a thermodynamic perspective hTR behaves as an apparent two-state system. However, the folding kinetics following single C-jump or T-quench is complicated, involving multiple channels to the native state. Although globally folding kinetics triggered by T-quench and C-jump are similar, the kinetics of chain compaction are vastly different, which reflects the role of initial conditions in directing folding and collapse. Remarkably, even after substantial reduction in the overall size of hTR, the ensemble of compact conformations are far from being nativelike, suggesting that the search for the folded state occurs among the ensemble of low-energy fluidlike globules. The rate of unfolding, which occurs in a single step, is faster upon C-decrease compared to a jump in temperature. To identify "hidden" states that are visited during the folding process we performed simulations by periodically interrupting the approach to the folded state by lowering C. These simulations show that hTR reaches the folded state through a small number of connected clusters that are repeatedly visited during the pulse sequence in which the folding or unfolding is interrupted. The results from interrupted folding simulations, which are in accord with non-equilibrium single-molecule folding of a large ribozyme, show that multiple probes are needed to reveal the invisible states that are sampled by RNA as it folds. Although we have illustrated the complexity of RNA folding using hTR as a case study, general arguments and qualitative comparisons to time-resolved scattering experiments on Azoarcus group I ribozyme and single-molecule non-equilibrium periodic ion-jump experiments establish the generality of our findings.
ClaimSpotter: an environment to support sensemaking with knowledge triples

Annotating a document with an interpretation of its contents raises a number of challenges that we are hoping to address via the creation of a supporting environment. We present these challenges and motivate an approach based on the notion of suggestions to support document annotation, hoping these suggestions would act as leads to follow for annotators, therefore reducing some of the difficulties inherent to the task. The environment resulting from this approach, ClaimSpotter, is presented. Aspects of its evaluation are also given, using the findings of a study involving a group of participants faced with a document annotation task.
Imprinted polymer sensors for contamination detection

Molecular imprinting is a useful technique for making a chemically selective binding site. The method involves building a synthetic polymeric scaffold of molecular complements containing the target molecule with subsequent removal of the target to leave a cavity with a structural "memory" of the target. Molecularly imprinted polymers can be employed as selective adsorbents of specific molecules or molecular functional groups. The imprinted polymers can be fashioned into membranes that can be used to form ion selective electrodes for an imprinted ion. By incorporating molecules or metal ions with useful optical properties in the binding sites of imprinted polymers, spectroscopic sensors for the imprinted molecule may be made. A variety of metal ion selective electrodes and a Pb2+ ion optrode based on imprinted polymers have been fabricated and tested.1-4 Additionally, a sensor for the hydrolysis product of the nerve agent Soman has been developed using a luminescent lanthanide ion, Eu(III), as optical transducer.5 Our research continues to explore other means to employ electrochemical and optical transduction.
An improved algorithm for the maximum agreement subtree problem

In this paper, we solve the maximum agreement subtree problem for a set T of k rooted, leaf-labelled evolutionary trees on n leaves where T contains a binary tree. We show that the O(kn/sup 3/)-time dynamic programming algorithm proposed by Farach et al. and Bryant can be implemented in O(n/sup 2/log/sup k-1/n) and O(k/spl middot/n/sup 3-(1/k-1)/) using the k-dimensional binary search tree and the k-dimensional range search tree, respectively.
Disturbance observer for dead-time compensation with variable gain and its stability analysis based on popov criterion

Dead-times are widely utilized for the inverters to prevent short-circuits. In motor drive applications, 6th-order torque pulsations caused by dead-times depend on rotational speeds of motors. A Disturbance OBserver (DOB) approach is effective for the dead-time compensation in low load operations. The performance of the DOB depends on the observer gains. Hence, if we use the conventional constant observer gains, the 6th-order torque pulsation cannot be suppressed effectively. In this paper, the DOB with the variable gain is proposed. Besides, its stability is analyzed based on the Popov criterion, because the proposed system contains the nonlinear system. In this paper, the ability to reduce the voltage errors by using the multi-level inverters is also introduced. In our analysis, the value of the voltage errors affects the stability. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by our experimental results.
N,N′,N′′ versus N,N′,O imine-containing coordination motifs: ligand-directed synthesis of mononuclear and binuclear CuII compounds

It is shown that tridentate imine ligands can control the nuclearity of copper(II) complexes based on the donor atoms present in the ligand. While the N,N′,N′′-donating imine ligand led to a mononuclear compound, the N,N′,O-donating imine ligand produced a binuclear metal complex.
The Use of Text Similarity and Sentiment Analysis to Examine Rationales in the Large-Scale Online Deliberations

To overcome the increasingly time consuming and potentially challenging identification of key points and the associated rationales in large-scale online deliberations, we propose a computational linguistics method that has the potential of facilitating this process of reading and evaluating the text. Our approach is novel in how we determine the sentiment of a rationale at the sentence level and in that it includes a text similarity measure and sentence-level sentiment analysis to achieve this goal.
High efficiency gene transfer to human hematopoietic SCID-repopulating cells under serum-free conditions.

Stable gene transfer to human pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (PHSCs) is an attractive strategy for the curative treatment of many genetic hematologic disorders. In clinical trials, the levels of gene transfer to this cell population have generally been low, reflecting deficiencies in both the vector systems and transduction conditions. In this study, we have used a pseudotyped murine retroviral vector to transduce human CD34(+) cells purified from bone marrow (BM) and umbilical cord blood (CB) under optimized conditions. After transduction, 71% to 97% of the hematopoietic cells were found to express a low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) marker gene. Six weeks after transplantation into immunodeficient NOD/LtSz-scid/scid (NOD/SCID) mice, LNGFR expression was detected in 6% to 57% of CD45(+) cells in eight of nine engrafted animals. Moreover, proviral DNA was detected in 8.3% to 45% of secondary colonies derived from BM cells of engrafted NOD/SCID mice. Our data show consistent transduction of SCID-repopulating cells (SRCs) and suggest that the efficiency of gene transfer to human hematopoietic repopulating cells can be improved using existing retroviral vector systems and carefully optimized transduction conditions.
Determination of Phosphate-activated Glutaminase Activity and Its Kinetics in Mouse Tissues using Metabolic Mapping (Quantitative Enzyme Histochemistry)

Phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG) converts glutamine to glutamate as part of the glutaminolysis pathway in mitochondria. Two genes, GLS1 and GLS2, which encode for kidney-type PAG and liver-type PAG, respectively, differ in their tissue-specific activities and kinetics. Tissue-specific PAG activity and its kinetics were determined by metabolic mapping using a tetrazolium salt and glutamate dehydrogenase as an auxiliary enzyme in the presence of various glutamine concentrations. In kidney and brain, PAG showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of 0.6 mM glutamine and a Vmax of 1.1 µmol/mL/min when using 5 mM glutamine. PAG activity was high in the kidney cortex and inner medulla but low in the outer medulla, papillary tip, glomeruli and the lis of Henle. In brain tissue sections, PAG was active in the grey matter and inactive in myelin-rich regions. Liver PAG showed allosteric regulation with a Km of 11.6 mM glutamine and a Vmax of 0.5 µmol/mL/min when using 20 mM glutamine. The specificity of the method was shown after incubation of brain tissue sections with the PAG inhibitor 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine. PAG activity was decreased to 22% in the presence of 2 mM 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine. At low glutamine concentrations, PAG activity was higher in periportal regions, indicating a lower Km for periportal PAG. When compared with liver, kidney and brain, other tissues showed 3-fold to 6-fold less PAG activity. In conclusion, PAG is mainly active in mouse kidney, brain and liver, and shows different kinetics depending on which type of PAG is expressed.
Pilot cerebral oxygen status during air-to-air combat maneuvering.

BACKGROUND Successful monitoring of in-flight cerebral oxygen status (COS; cerebral hemoglobin concentration changes and oxygenation changes under dynamic flight conditions) was recently achieved using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). In this study, we examined the effects of air-to-air combat maneuvering on COS. METHOD Six F-15 fighter pilots performed 2-vs.-1 air-to-air combat one to three times in each of eight sorties. We took continuous measurements of the pilots' in-flight COS using a commercial NIRS system. We measured the direct effects of G-forces on COS as evidenced by relative concentrations of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin. RESULTS With respect to the G-levels reached during air combat maneuvering (Gz range of -0.4 to + 9.5), oxyhemoglobin concentration (O2Hb) and tissue oxygenation index (TOI, the ratio of oxygenated to total tissue hemoglobin) decreased with increasing G-forces during aerial combat maneuver (ACM). Maximum changes in relative O2Hb ranged from -4.2 to -26 micromol x L(-1). Subjects' experience as measured by total fighter time was an independent determinant of the magnitude of decrease in relative oxygenation. CONCLUSIONS 1. Pilots' COS declined with dynamic G-forces experienced under aerial combat conditions. 2. Fighter pilots with more flying hours maintained a higher cerebral oxygen level at the same level of G-forces than pilots with less flying time. 3. NIRS technology in the form of the NIRO-300G has matured for continuous monitoring of in-flight cerebral oxygen status under vigorous field conditions.
Gene Dosage Effect of l-Proline Biosynthetic Enzymes on l-Proline Accumulation and Freeze Tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT We have previously reported that l-proline has cryoprotective activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A freeze-tolerant mutant with l-proline accumulation was recently shown to carry an allele of the PRO1 gene encoding γ-glutamyl kinase, which resulted in a single amino acid substitution (Asp154Asn). Interestingly, this mutation enhanced the activities of γ-glutamyl kinase and γ-glutamyl phosphate reductase, both of which catalyze the first two steps of l-proline synthesis and which together may form a complex in vivo. Here, we found that the Asp154Asn mutant γ-glutamyl kinase was more thermostable than the wild-type enzyme, which suggests that this mutation elevated the apparent activities of two enzymes through a stabilization of the complex. We next examined the gene dosage effect of three l-proline biosynthetic enzymes, including Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, which converts Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate into l-proline, on l-proline accumulation and freeze tolerance in a non-l-proline-utilizing strain. Overexpression of the wild-type enzymes has no influence on l-proline accumulation, which suggests that the complex is very unstable in nature. However, co-overexpression of the mutant γ-glutamyl kinase and the wild-type γ-glutamyl phosphate reductase was effective for l-proline accumulation, probably due to a stabilization of the complex. These results indicate that both enzymes, not Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, are rate-limiting enzymes in yeast cells. A high tolerance for freezing clearly correlated with higher levels of l-proline in yeast cells. Our findings also suggest that, in addition to its cryoprotective activity, intracellular l-proline could protect yeast cells from damage by oxidative stress. The approach described here provides a valuable method for breeding novel yeast strains that are tolerant of both freezing and oxidative stresses.
Plasma Sprayed Coatings with Water and Gas Atomised Bearing Steel Powders

Abstract The present paper investigates the characteristics of plasma sprayed coatings with water atomised bearing steel powder in comparison with gas atomised powder particularly focusing on oxidation during the spray process. As yet, there has been no research on the use of water atomised powders (characterised by non-spherical irregular appearance and high oxygen content) in plasma spraying on aluminium alloy substrate. The oxygen content increases beyond 10 wt-% in sprayed particles after fusion and resolidification in air although oxygen is only 0.20 wt-% of the as received water atomised powder. Sprayed particles are composed of α-Fe, γ-Fe, Fe1-xO and Fe3O4 after their heavy surface oxidation in flight. Coating examination shows wavy oxide phases at the interfaces between layered splats. Water atomised powder at a spray distance of 150 mm form coatings with an average oxygen content of 3.9 wt-%. At shorter spray distances, in both water and gas atomised powder coatings, the formed oxides almost disappear. The oxygen content of powder sprayed in an argon atmosphere does not increase and therefore, the oxidation mainly occurs during the droplet flight and is caused by oxygen captured in the plasma flame. If a shroud with argon shielding is installed in front of the gun tip to reduce oxygen mixed with the flame, it significantly reduces the oxidation during the droplet flight, especially at a longer spray distance.
Tonotopic organization in auditory cortex of the cat

Microelectrode mapping techniques were employed in the cat's auditory cortex to relate the best frequencies of a large population of neurons with their spatial loci. Based upon the best‐frequency distribution, the auditory region was divided into four complete and orderly tonotopic representations and a surrounding belt of cortex in which the tonotopic organization was more complex. The four auditory fields occupy a crescent‐shaped band of tissue which comprises portions of both the exposed gyral surfaces and sulcal banks of the ectosylvian cortex. The anterior auditory field (A) is situated most rostrally upon the anterior ectosylvian gyrus. It extends upon the ventral bank of the suprasylvian sulcus and upon the banks of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus. Adjoining field A caudally is the primary auditory field (AI), which extends across the middle ectosylvian gyrus and portions of both banks of the posterior ectosylvian sulcus. The representations of the highest best frequencies in fields A and AI are contiguous. Caudal and ventral to AI are located the posterior (P) and ventroposterior (VP) auditory fields. They lie mainly upon the caudal bank of the posterior ectosylvian sulcus but also extend upon the rostral bank and upon the posterior ectosylvian gyrus. The low best‐frequency representations of fields AI and P are contiguous, whereas the low best‐frequency representation of field VP lies near the ventral end of the posterior ectosylvian sulcus. Fields P and VP are joined along their middle and high best‐frequency representations. Within each auditory field isofrequency lines defined by the spatial loci of neurons with similar best frequencies are oriented orthogonal to the low‐to‐high best‐frequency gradients.
Optimization of the simultaneous localization and map-building algorithm for real-time implementation

Addresses real-time implementation of the simultaneous localization and map-building (SLAM) algorithm. It presents optimal algorithms that consider the special form of the matrices and a new compressed filler that can significantly reduce the computation requirements when working in local areas or with high frequency external sensors. It is shown that by extending the standard Kalman filter models the information gained in a local area can be maintained with a cost /spl sim/O(N/sub a//sup 2/), where N/sub a/ is the number of landmarks in the local area, and then transferred to the overall map in only one iteration at full SLAM computational cost. Additional simplifications are also presented that are very close to optimal when an appropriate map representation is used. Finally the algorithms are validated with experimental results obtained with a standard vehicle running in a completely unstructured outdoor environment.
Pose Estimation and Tracking of Eating Persons in Real-life Settings

We present an approach to estimate and track 2D upper body poses of persons who are having a meal in videos with highly challenging uncontrolled imaging conditions. We employ a probabilistic model that represents the body as a kinematic tree, and perform inference in this kinematic tree model using particle ltering, and also estimates self-occlusions. Our approach is evaluated with 7 di erent videos, in which di erent persons with di erent types of clothing, orientation can be seen, su ering from various degrees of motion blur. The evaluation shows that our approach can deal with complex data, and successfully tracks upper bodies with a lot of self-occlusions.
Measuring the Reliability of Mobile Broadband Networks

Mobile broadband networks play an increasingly important role in society, and there is a strong need for independent assessments of their robustness and performance. A promising source of such information is active end-to-end measurements. It is, however, a challenging task to go from individual measurements to an assessment of network reliability, which is a complex notion encompassing many stability and performance related metrics. This paper presents a framework for measuring the user-experienced reliability in mobile broadband networks. We argue that reliability must be assessed at several levels, from the availability of the network connection to the stability of application performance. Based on the proposed framework, we conduct a large-scale measurement study of reliability in 5 mobile broadband networks. The study builds on active measurements from hundreds of measurement nodes over a period of 10 months. The results show that the reliability of mobile broadband networks is lower than one could hope: more than 20% of connections from stationary nodes are unavailable more than 10 minutes per day. There is, however, a significant potential for improving robustness if a device can connect simultaneously to several networks. We find that in most cases, our devices can achieve 99.999% ("five nines") connection availability by combining two operators. We further show how both radio conditions and network configuration play important roles in determining reliability, and how external measurements can reveal weaknesses and incidents that are not always captured by the operators' existing monitoring tools.
Transductive learning over automatically detected themes for multi-document summarization

We propose a new method for query-biased multi-document summarization, based on sentence extraction. The summary of multiple documents is created in two steps. Sentences are first clustered; where each cluster corresponds to one of the main themes present in the collection. Inside each theme, sentences are then ranked using a transductive learning-to-rank algorithm based on RankNet, in order to better identify those which are relevant to the query. The final summary contains the top-ranked sentences of each theme. Our approach is validated on DUC 2006 and DUC 2007 datasets.