Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prandial Hypertriglyceridemia in Metabolic Syndrome Is Due to an Overproduction of Both Chylomicron and VLDL Triacylglycerol

The aim was to determine whether fed VLDL and chylomicron (CM) triacylglycerol (TAG) production rates are elevated in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Eight men with MetS (BMI 29.7 ± 1.1) and eight lean age-matched healthy men (BMI 23.1 ± 0.4) were studied using a frequent feeding protocol. After 4 h of feeding, an intravenous bolus of 2H5-glycerol was administered to label VLDL1, VLDL2, and TAG. 13C-glycerol tripalmitin was administered orally as an independent measure of CM TAG metabolism. Hepatic and intestinal lipoproteins were separated by an immunoaffinity method. In MetS, fed TAG and the increment in TAG from fasting to feeding were higher (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively) than in lean men. Fed CM, VLDL1, and VLDL2 TAG pool sizes were higher (P = 0.006, P = 0.03, and P < 0.02, respectively), and CM, VLDL1, and VLDL2 TAG production rates were higher (P < 0.002, P < 0.05, and P = 0.06, respectively) than in lean men. VLDL1, VLDL2, and CM TAG clearance rates were not different between groups. In conclusion, prandial hypertriglyceridemia in men with MetS was due to an increased production rate of both VLDL and CM TAG. Since both groups received identical meals, this suggests that in MetS the intestine is synthesizing more TAG de novo for export in CMs.
Physical Distance, Sex, and Intimacy in Self-Disclosure

This study was designed to determine if physical distance, subjects' sex, experimenters' sex, intimacy of questions, and individual differences in experimenters affect the duration of self-disclosure. Analysis showed males talked more than females, subjects talked more to female experimenters than to male experimenters, and subjects talked more in response to questions of medium than of low intimacy and talked more in response to questions of low intimacy than of high intimacy. Higher-order interactions were discussed.
Genetic Algorithms and The Design of

The genetic algorithm (GA) has most often been viewed from a biological perspective. The metaphors of natural selection, cross-breeding and mutation have been helpful in providing a framework in which to explain how and why they work. However, most practical applications of GAs are in the context of optimization, where alternative approaches may prove more eeective. In attempting to understand how GAs function as optimizers, several alternative viewpoints have been suggested. In this paper we discuss one of these in some detail|one in which GAs are regarded as a form of sequential experimental design. The rst section of this paper is expository, where we review some of the basic concepts of experimental design as introduced in earlier papers 1, 2] and show how they relate to GAs. We then show how these ideas can be used to investigate the question of how epistasis can be measured, and demonstrate the fact that not all epistasis in necessarily harmful. Using ED concepts we are also able to show that in general it is not possible to determine a priori that a given problem instance is likely to be hard or easy to optimize by means of a GA. Finally, we show how the concept of an orthogonal ED can be used to deene a lower limit in terms of the necessary amount of computation required to solve an optimization problem. In the second part, we describe some empirical work in which GAs are compared with ED-based methods. In a typical designed experiment, a fraction of the Universe of all possible solutions is chosen in a way that is thought to enable the identiication of important factors (genes in traditional GA terminology) and their associated levels (alleles) in a candidate optimal solution. Generally, this is only the rst stage; further tests must be made in order to connrm or reject these tentative conclusions. Sometimes, further experiments are also carried out to reene the values of some of the less important factors. However, one of the problems with the use of ED for optimization is the sheer amount of human eeort needed in order to apply such techniques in this context. For this reason, ED has usually been restricted to fairly small problems (by GA standards). Recently, some suggestions have been made for increasing the range of problems to which ED ideas can be applied by automating some of the decisions customarily made by …
On the performance of temporal error concealment for long-term motion-compensated prediction

This paper investigates the performance of different temporal concealment techniques when incorporated within a long-term motion compensated video codec. In particular, the paper finds a combination of techniques that best recovers the spatial-temporal components of a damaged long-term motion vector. It is demonstrated also that accurate recovery of the spatial components of the damaged motion vector is, in general, more important and more complex than the recovery of the temporal component. Such findings are explained in view of the properties of the long-term block motion field. The paper also, proposes a novel long-term multihypothesis temporal concealment technique where the damaged block is concealed using the average of a number of candidates from the several reference frames available at the decoder. The superior performance of this technique is demonstrated over a range of block error rates.
Dynamic Optimization For Wireless Sensor Network Based On Markov Decision Process

- Wireless Sensor Network are network of autonomous nodes used for monitoring an environment. Sensor node tunable parameter enables WSN designer to specialize a sensor node to meet application requirement, but however parameter tuning is a challenging process that requires designer expertise. This paper says about an automated MDP based methodology to prescribe optimal sensor node operation to meet application requirement and adapt to changing environment stimuli using a heuristic policies and polices iteration on the methodology.
Hierarchical Directed Acyclic Graph Kernel: Methods for Structured Natural Language Data

This paper proposes the "Hierarchical Directed Acyclic Graph (HDAG) Kernel" for structured natural language data. The HDAG Kernel directly accepts several levels of both chunks and their relations, and then efficiently computes the weighed sum of the number of common attribute sequences of the HDAGs. We applied the proposed method to question classification and sentence alignment tasks to evaluate its performance as a similarity measure and a kernel function. The results of the experiments demonstrate that the HDAG Kernel is superior to other kernel functions and baseline methods.
Exosomes in developmental signalling

In order to achieve coordinated growth and patterning during development, cells must communicate with one another, sending and receiving signals that regulate their activities. Such developmental signals can be soluble, bound to the extracellular matrix, or tethered to the surface of adjacent cells. Cells can also signal by releasing exosomes – extracellular vesicles containing bioactive molecules such as RNA, DNA and enzymes. Recent work has suggested that exosomes can also carry signalling proteins, including ligands of the Notch receptor and secreted proteins of the Hedgehog and WNT families. Here, we describe the various types of exosomes and their biogenesis. We then survey the experimental strategies used so far to interfere with exosome formation and critically assess the role of exosomes in developmental signalling. Summary: This Primer describes various types of exosomes and their biogenesis, and critically assesses the role of exosomes in developmental signalling.
Virtual Rehabilitation after Stroke

The purpose of this project was to investigate the effects of Virtual Reality technology and haptics for stroke rehabilitation. Twenty-nine stroke subjects, 17 women, and 12 men aged 44-85 years, participated in three different studies. All participants responded favorable to the use of the VR activity station. A change of attitude took place after the subjects were exposed to playing computer games. The general experience with the VR application approach suggests that this treatment concept is promising in stroke rehabilitation, with a wide range of applicability.
Employing Crowdsourced Geographic Information to Classify Land Cover with Spatial Clustering and Topic Model

Land cover classification is the most important element of land cover mapping and is a key input to many societal benefits. Traditional classification methods require a large amount of remotely sensed images, which are time consuming and labour intensive. Recently, crowdsourcing geographic information (CGI), including geo-tagged photos and other sources, has been widely used with lower costs, but still requires extensive labour for data classification. Alternatively, CGI textual information is available from online sources containing land cover information, and it provides a useful source for land cover classification. However, the major challenge of utilising CGI is its uneven spatial distributions in land cover regions, leading to less reliability of regions for land cover classification with sparsely distributed CGI. Moreover, classifying various unorganised CGI texts automatically in each land cover region is another challenge. This paper investigates a faster and more automated method that does not require remotely sensed images for land cover classification. Spatial clustering is employed for CGI to reduce the effect of uneven spatial distributions by extracting land cover regions with high density of CGI. To classify unorganised various CGI texts in each extracted region, land cover topics are calculated using topic model. As a case study, we applied this method using points of interest (POIs) as CGI to classify land cover in Shandong province. The classification result using our proposed method achieved an overall accuracy of approximately 80%, providing evidence that CGI with textual information has a great potential for land cover classification.
Linguistic Capital and the Currency of Spanish in Hispanic Advertising Production

This study examines how advertising intended for U.S. Latinos is indelibly shaped by the interaction between Hispanic agencies and their English monolingual clients. Although previous research on Hispanic advertising has typically focused on the psychological state of the speaker, less attention has been paid to the social consequences of speech. Using Bourdieu’s theory of practice as an analytical framework, qualitative interviews were conducted with 34 advertising practitioners. The testimonies reveal that in limited contexts within the production of Hispanic advertising, practitioners’ knowledge of Spanish serves as a form of linguistic capital, which they have been able to successfully convert into economic capital. However, the value associated with speaking Spanish is relatively constrained due to language ideologies at play in the larger social space. In this class-stratified, multilingual professional community, more powerful English monolinguals maintain strict control over Spanish language messages. This is made possible by formal and informal practices built into the production process.
Geometry based lip reading system using Multi Dimension Dynamic Time Warping

This paper describes an automatic lip reading system consisting of two main modules 1) a pre-processing module able to extract lip geometry information from the video sequence and 2) a classification module to identify the visual speech based on dynamic lip movements. The recognition performance of the proposed system has been assessed in the recognition of the English digits 0 to 9 as spoken by the speakers in the video sequences available in the CUAVE database. Extraction of lip geometry features was carried out using a combination of a skin color filter, a border following algorithm and a convex hull approach. The proposed method was compared with the popular `snake' technique and was found to improve lip shape extraction performance for the database studied. Lip geometry features including height, width, ratio, area, perimeter and various combinations of these features were evaluated to determine which performs the best when representing speech in the visual domain in the application of three separate classification methods, namely optical flow, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and a new approach termed Multi-Dimensional DTW. Experiments show that the proposed system is capable of a recognition performance of 68% just using lip height, lip width and the ratio of these features demonstrating that the system has the potential to be incorporated in a multimodal speech recognition system for use in noisy environments.
Challenges of Learning to Write Qualitative Research: Students' Voices

Writing qualitative research is a complex activity. Yet there is relatively little research about novices' experiences in learning to write this genre. The purpose of this multiple case study is to explore the challenges students face when they first encounter the qualitative research paradigm. Drawing upon interviews with students, think-aloud protocols, class observations, and students' written artifacts, this article reveals that major problems new students have include: understanding the qualitative research paradigm, especially the concepts of validity and subjectivity, determining how to carry out a systematic data analysis, becoming familiar with genre knowledge of presenting qualitative findings, and meanwhile, expanding their disciplinary knowledge. Pedagogical implications are also discussed to help student researchers learn better.
Features of Variable Number of Tandem Repeats in Yersinia pestis and the Development of a Hierarchical Genotyping Scheme

Background Variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) that are widely distributed in the genome of Yersinia pestis proved to be useful markers for the genotyping and source-tracing of this notorious pathogen. In this study, we probed into the features of VNTRs in the Y. pestis genome and developed a simple hierarchical genotyping system based on optimized VNTR loci. Methodology/Principal Findings Capillary electrophoresis was used in this study for multi-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) in 956 Y. pestis strains. The general features and genetic diversities of 88 VNTR loci in Y. pestis were analyzed with BioNumerics, and a “14+12” loci-based hierarchical genotyping system, which is compatible with single nucleotide polymorphism-based phylogenic analysis, was established. Conclusions/Significance Appropriate selection of target loci reduces the impact of homoplasies caused by the rapid mutation rates of VNTR loci. The optimized “14+12” loci are highly discriminative in genotyping and source-tracing Y. pestis for molecular epidemiological or microbial forensic investigations with less time and lower cost. An MLVA genotyping datasets of representative strains will improve future research on the source-tracing and microevolution of Y. pestis.
Comparison of Cinepak, Intel, Microsoft Video and Indeo Codec for Video Compression

The file size and picture quality are factors to be considered for streaming, storage and transmitting videos over networks. This work compares Cinepak, Intel, Microsoft Video and Indeo Codec for video compression. The peak signal to noise ratio is used to compare the quality of such video compressed using AVI codecs. The most widely used objective measurement by developers of video processing systems is Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). Peak Signal to Noise Ration is measured on a logarithmic scale and depends on the mean squared error (MSE) between an original and an impaired image or video, relative to (2n-1)2. Previous research done regarding assessing of video quality has been mainly by the use of subjective methods, and there is still no standard method for objective assessments. Although it has been considered that compression might not be significant in future as storage and transmission capabilities improve, but at low bandwidths compression makes communication possible.
Testing Reed-Muller codes

A code is locally testable if there is a way to indicate with high probability that a vector is far enough from any codeword by accessing only a very small number of the vector's bits. We show that the Reed-Muller codes of constant order are locally testable. Specifically, we describe an efficient randomized algorithm to test if a given vector of length n=2/sup m/ is a word in the rth-order Reed-Muller code R(r,m) of length n=2/sup m/. For a given integer r/spl ges/1, and real /spl epsi/>0, the algorithm queries the input vector /spl upsi/ at O(1//spl epsi/+r2/sup 2r/) positions. On the one hand, if /spl upsi/ is at distance at least /spl epsi/n from the closest codeword, then the algorithm discovers it with probability at least 2/3. On the other hand, if /spl upsi/ is a codeword, then it always passes the test. Our result is almost tight: any algorithm for testing R(r,m) must perform /spl Omega/(1//spl epsi/+2/sup r/) queries.
Issues in Achievement and Assessment in Religious Education in England: Which Way Should We Turn?

This article examines and discusses current thinking and practice in assessing pupils’ achievements in RE in England, with reference to recent trends in Agreed Syllabuses, and national initiatives to promote the use of assessment structures parallel to the English National Curriculum eight‐level scales. Some theoretical discussion of assessment drawn from educational research in a wider field than RE is applied to the particular demands of an RE curriculum that emphasises ‘learning from’ religion and related concepts. Consideration of attempts to describe achievements in RE on numerical scales leads the author to argue that these attempts, often based on models which are more suited to, or derived from, the learning objectives of, for example, science or mathematics, carry a tendency towards spurious claims of validity and accuracy, without providing a clear or rounded picture of what pupils have achieved in learning from religion. Tension between formative purposes and comparability purposes in assessment of RE is explored, and it is argued that comparability purposes should be set aside by RE professionals. The author uses concepts of ‘rich’ knowledge and ‘authentic assessment’ to argue in favour of approaches which are based centrally upon the application of teachers’ professional judgement, using a range of assessment strategies which tend towards assembling a broad and textured picture of a pupil's achievement, accessible to pupils themselves, and used formatively in the learning process. Some examples of such approaches are described. Some lines of further research are suggested.
Expression of p73 and Reelin in the Developing Human Cortex

Cajal–Retzius (CR) cells of the developing neocortex secrete Reelin (Reln), a glycoprotein involved in neuronal migration. CR cells selectively express p73, a p53 family member implicated in cell survival and apoptosis. Immunocytochemistry in prenatal human telencephalon reveals a complex sequence of migration waves of p73- and Reln-immunoreactive (IR) neurons into the cortical marginal zone (MZ). At early preplate stages, p73/Reln-IR cells arise in distinct sectors of the telencephalon, including cortical primordium and ganglionic eminences. After the appearance of the cortical plate, further p73/Reln-IR cells originate in the medial periolfactory forebrain. In addition, p73 marks a novel cell population that appears at the choroid–cortical junction or cortical hem before the emergence of the dorsal hippocampus. A pronounced mediolateral gradient in the density of p73/Reln-IR neurons in the neocortical MZ at 8 gestational weeks suggests that a subset of CR cells migrate tangentially from cortical hem and taenia tecta into neocortical territory. This hypothesis is supported by the absence of p73-transcripts in prospective neocortex of p73−/−mice at embryonic day 12 (E12), whereas they are present in cortical hem and taenia tecta. In the p73−/− preplate, Reln is faintly expressed in a calretinin-positive cell population, not present in this form in the E12 wild-type cortex. At P2, Reln-IR CR cells are undetectable in the p73−/− cortex, whereas Reln-expression in interneurons is unchanged. Our results point to a close association between p73 and Reln in CR cells of the developing neocortex, with a partial dissociation in early preplate and basal telencephalon, and to a p73-mediated role of the cortical hem in neocortical development.
Temporal Expressions Extraction in SMS messages

This paper presents a tool for extracting and normalizing temporal expressions in SMS messages in order to automatically fill in an electronic calendar. The extraction process is based on a library of finite-state transducers that identify temporal structures and annotate the components needed for the time normalization task. An initial evaluation puts recall at 0.659 and precision at 0.795.
Learner-centered Software: A Survey of Microcomputer Use with Special Needs Students

This study reports the results of a survey of fifty school districts. It assesses the extent to which special educators are moving beyond drill and practice software with learning disabled and emotionally disturbed students. It also describes factors that are preventing or discouraging applications beyond drill and practice. It was briefly described in a previous Computers in the Schools article by Hummel (1985). -J.W. H. , Associate Editor.
Guidelines for the Empirical Classification of Organizations.

Bill McKelvey After a brief review of organization classification, multivariate approaches toward the empirical identification of such classifications are discussed. Ten guidelines for conducting future multivariate classificatory studies are presented, supported by a critique of two published largescale empirical studies. Taxonomic development is viewed as a critical element in the future health of organization science.
Model of Personal Discount Sensitivity in Recommender Systems

Recommender systems help users to encounter information or items that are of interest to them. Prior work on recommender systems has focused on eliciting preferences for items and neglected the personal traits in discount sensitivity. In this paper, we propose a recommender system that incorporates the influence of discounts. The effectiveness of the model is verified using a public retail dataset. The discount-sensitive model increased recommendation accuracy and modeling personal differences in this sensitivity further improved it. In order to specify the characteristics of discount sensitivity, the correlations between discount sensitivity and other traits of users and items are also investigated. The results show that discount sensitivity is positively correlated with item popularity and negatively correlated with persistence in purchase behaviors.
The role of relationships in the adoption of Interorganisational Information Systems (IOS)

The notion of progression in the adoption of Interorganisational Information Systems (IOS) has increasingly received attention from various researchers in the field of technology adoption, but currently there is still a limited understanding of how to address this important concept. Guided by our proposed IOS adoption maturity model, in this study we investigate the IOS adoption progression experienced by organisations within the Australian grocery industry through a multiple case study involving eight dyads. Our model focuses on the two way influence between dyadic relationship and IOS sophistication in the course of IOS adoption progression. This is the first study that provides empirical support for illustrating the notion of IOS progression. This study has important implications to both research and practice.