Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of Cloud-Based Parallel Exclusive Signature Matching Model in Intrusion Detection

Signature-based intrusion detection systems have been widely deployed in current network environments to defend against various attacks, but the expensive process of signature matching is a major suffering problem for these detection systems. Thus, a high-performance signature matching scheme is of great importance for a signature-based IDS. In our previous work, we have developed an exclusive signature matching scheme that aims to identify a mismatch instead of locating an accurate match and achieved good results in the experiments. With the advent of Cloud Computing, IDS as a service (IDSaaS) has been proposed as an alternative by offloading the expensive operations such as the process of signature matching to the cloud. In this paper, we attempt to design a parallel model to conduct the exclusive signature matching in a cloud. In the evaluation, we implemented our model in a cloud environment and investigated its performance compared with Snort. The experimental results indicate that our proposed model can achieve promising performance in such a cloud environment.
From damaged genome to cell surface: transcriptome changes during bacterial cell death triggered by loss of a restriction–modification gene complex

Genetically programmed cell deaths play important roles in unicellular prokaryotes. In postsegregational killing, loss of a gene complex from a cell leads to its descendants’ deaths. With type II restriction–modification gene complexes, such death is triggered by restriction endonuclease's attacks on under-methylated chromosomes. Here, we examined how the Escherichia coli transcriptome changes after loss of PaeR7I gene complex. At earlier time points, activation of SOS genes and σE-regulon was noticeable. With time, more SOS genes, stress-response genes (including σS-regulon, osmotic-, oxidative- and periplasmic-stress genes), biofilm-related genes, and many hitherto uncharacterized genes were induced, and genes for energy metabolism, motility and outer membrane biogenesis were repressed. As expected from the activation of σE-regulon, the death was accompanied by cell lysis and release of cellular proteins. Expression of several σE-regulon genes indeed led to cell lysis. We hypothesize that some signal was transduced, among multiple genes involved, from the damaged genome to the cell surface and led to its disintegration. These results are discussed in comparison with other forms of programmed deaths in bacteria and eukaryotes.
ON MULTI-RELATIONAL CLUSTERING PROBLEMS BASED ON PROPER-LINK 1

A relational database contains a wealth of information, and multi-relational clustering can be obtained by adopting proper-link. The similarities between prospers and linked calculation target topples can be worked out through searching for relevant multi-relational prospers and links of user clustering target, then the clustering can be completed by selecting CLARANS. In order to promote the efficiency of multi-relational data clustering algorithm, two-stage multi-relational data clustering algorithm is proposed. The method of fuzzy clustering is used to divide the area by the similar feature of load increasing. The new division is promising to improve the result of evident degree of clustering index to power load, the weighted demarcating method is inducted.
Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms for the Production of Higher Alcohols

ABSTRACT Due to the increasing concerns about limited fossil resources and environmental problems, there has been much interest in developing biofuels from renewable biomass. Ethanol is currently used as a major biofuel, as it can be easily produced by existing fermentation technology, but it is not the best biofuel due to its low energy density, high vapor pressure, hygroscopy, and incompatibility with current infrastructure. Higher alcohols, including 1-propanol, 1-butanol, isobutanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 3-methyl-1-butanol, which possess fuel properties more similar to those of petroleum-based fuel, have attracted particular interest as alternatives to ethanol. Since microorganisms isolated from nature do not allow production of these alcohols at high enough efficiencies, metabolic engineering has been employed to enhance their production. Here, we review recent advances in metabolic engineering of microorganisms for the production of higher alcohols.
Locally controlled regularized spatiotemporal anisotropic diffusion

In this paper, we propose a new anisotropic diffusion formulation allowing non-linear spatiotemporal filtering of image sequences. We first formulate a multidimensional spatiotemporal diffusion equation based on Barash's iterative form, processing independently both spatial, temporal and intensity dimensions with their own diffusion functions and scale parameters. We then introduce a local regularization term designed to smooth the remaining spike noise. Experimental results processed on synthetic data and real MR images show that considering the temporal information and the regularization term improves the filtering quality. The method is also shown to be robust to noise, blur and temporal intensity evolution. Results are compared to the BM3D method with MSE and SSIM evaluation metrics.
Relating Reputation and Money in On-line Markets

Reputation in on-line economic systems is typically quantified using counters that specify positive and negative feedback from past transactions and/or some form of transaction network analysis that aims to quantify the likelihood that a network user will commit a fraudulent transaction. These approaches can be deceiving to honest users from numerous perspectives. We take a radically different approach with a goal to guarantee to a buyer that a seller cannot disappear from the system with profit following a set of transactions that total a certain monetary limit. Even in the case of stolen identity, an adversary cannot produce illegal profit unless a buyer decides to pay over the suggested sales limit.
Towards automated navigation of deep brain stimulating electrodes: Analyzing neuronal activity near the target

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a highly promising therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, most patients do not get full therapeutic benefit from DBS yet, due to its critical dependence on electrode location. For this reason, we believe that the investigation of a neural modeling, estimation and control framework for the STN is an interesting research problem. This would pave the way for the development of a novel surgical tool for the DBS placement standardization, i.e., an automated intraoperative closed-loop DBS localization system. A fundamental problem to be solved for the realization of a such framework is the neurophysiologic characterization of the STN activity. Indeed, this would allow to understand if the modeling of the sweet spot is feasible. In this paper an effort towards the modeling of the neuronal activity near the stimulation target is made: first we analyze single unit spiking activity of 120 STN neurons collected from four PD patients at different distances from the sweet spot and, for each neuron, we estimate a point process model (PPM). Then, we see that PPMs capture the stochastic effects of the distance from the sweet spot on the STN spiking activity, and characterize the impact of local neuronal networks on the single neurons. Our results suggest that PPMs might be an effective tool for modeling of the STN neuronal activities accounting for the depth within it.
Disentangling Associations of Neighborhood Street Scale Elements With Physical Activity in Mexican School Children

Promoting outdoor play and participation in sports and organized physical activities in children may depend on neighborhood characteristics. This study investigated associations between neighborhood streets and physical activities among Mexican children (N = 1,509, 6-11 years). Child sociodemographic characteristics and physical activity were measured in schools in Guadalajara (n = 10), Mexico City (n = 13), and Puerto Vallarta (n = 3), Mexico, in 2012. Street segments within an 800 m radius around each school were measured using the Pedestrian Environment Data Scan. Most (75.8%) played outdoors; 47.4% participated in sports and 40% in organized physical activities. Fewer path obstructions and more pedestrian amenities were associated positively with outdoor play. Greater street cleanliness, more pedestrian amenities, and more path obstructions were associated with less participation in sports or organized activities. Walkability was negatively associated with all physical activities. Fostering safe and appealing streets may help promote outdoor play time, but not sports participation, for Mexican children.
C-reactive protein predicts systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure but not diastolic blood pressure: the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Two-Township Study.

OBJECTIVE Inflammation has been associated with cardiovascular events and mortality, using C-reactive protein (CRP) as a marker. We examined whether the baseline serum concentration of CRP can independently predict the development of hypertension or future systolic or diastolic blood pressure (BP) in a community-based population in Taiwan. METHODS A study population sample was recruited in cycle 2 (1990-1993) of the CardioVascular Disease risk FACtors Two-township Study (CVDFACTS) and was followed to 1994-1997. A total of 2,113 nondiabetic adults with normal BP were enrolled for the study of incident hypertension. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mm Hg, a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mm Hg, or the use of antihypertensive drugs. Cox regression and linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between baseline serum concentrations of CRP measured with a high-sensitivity assay and the development of hypertension and future SBP/DBP and pulse pressure (PP). RESULTS During the follow-up period of a median of 3.27 years, 145 participants developed incident hypertension. The incidence rates of hypertension by tertile of increasing CRP were 9.3, 19.0, and 33.0 per 1,000 person-years (P for trend < 0.01). In the multivariate model adjusted for age, gender, and prehypertension, baseline CRP remained significantly predictive of incident hypertension. The concentration of CRP was associated with SBP and PP, but not with DBP. CONCLUSION Inflammation is associated with future SBP in the Taiwanese population.
Kendo: efficient deterministic multithreading in software

Although chip-multiprocessors have become the industry standard, developing parallel applications that target them remains a daunting task. Non-determinism, inherent in threaded applications, causes significant challenges for parallel programmers by hindering their ability to create parallel applications with repeatable results. As a consequence, parallel applications are significantly harder to debug, test, and maintain than sequential programs. This paper introduces Kendo: a new software-only system that provides deterministic multithreading of parallel applications. Kendo enforces a deterministic interleaving of lock acquisitions and specially declared non-protected reads through a novel dynamically load-balanced deterministic scheduling algorithm. The algorithm tracks the progress of each thread using performance counters to construct a deterministic logical time that is used to compute an interleaving of shared data accesses that is both deterministic and provides good load balancing. Kendo can run on today's commodity hardware while incurring only a modest performance cost. Experimental results on the SPLASH-2 applications yield a geometric mean overhead of only 16% when running on 4 processors. This low overhead makes it possible to benefit from Kendo even after an application is deployed. Programmers can start using Kendo today to program parallel applications that are easier to develop, debug, and test.
Epidemiological features of alcohol use in rural India: a population-based cross-sectional study

Objectives We sought to estimate the proportion of adults in Sehore District, India, who consumed alcohol, and the proportion who had behaviours consistent with alcohol use disorders (AUDs), using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Among men who drank, we identified individual-level, household-level and community-level factors associated with AUDIT scores. Men with AUDs (AUDIT score ≥8) reported on whether and where they had sought treatment, and about alcohol-related internal stigma. Design Population-based cross-sectional study. Setting Rural villages and urban wards in Sehore District, Madhya Pradesh, India. Participants n=3220 adult (≥18 years of age) residents of Sehore District. Primary outcome measure Score on the AUDIT. Results Nearly one in four men (23.8%) had consumed alcohol in the past 12 months, while few (0.6%) women were consumers. Among drinkers, 33.2% (95% CI 28.6% to 38.1%) had AUDIT scores consistent with hazardous drinking, 3.3% (95% CI 2.1% to 5.1%) with harmful drinking and 5.5% (95% CI 3.8% to 8.0%) with dependent drinking. We observed that AUDIT scores varied widely by village (intraclass correlation=0.052). Among men who had recently consumed alcohol, AUDIT scores were positively associated with depression, having at least one child, high-quality housing, urban residence, tobacco use and disability. AUDIT scores were negatively associated with land ownership, out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure and participation in the national employment programme. While 49.2% of men with AUDs felt embarrassed by their problems with alcohol, only 2.8% had sought treatment in the past 12 months. Conclusions A need exists for effectively identifying and treating adults with AUDs. Health promotion services, informed by commonly-expressed stigmatised beliefs held among those affected by AUDs and which are targeted at the most affected communities, may be an effective step in closing the treatment gap.
Towards an NLP-based log template generation algorithm for system log analysis

System log from network equipment is one of the most important information for network management. Sophisticated log message mining could help in investigating a huge number of log messages for trouble shooting, especially in recent complicated network structure (e.g., virtualized networks). However, generating log templates (i.e., meta format) from real log messages (instances) is still difficult problem in terms of accuracy. In this paper we propose a Natural Language Processing (NLP) approach to generate log templates from log messages produced by network equipment in order to overcome this problem. The key idea of the work is to leverage the use of Conditional Random Fields (CRF), a well-studied supervised natural language processing technique. As preliminarily evaluation, with one month network equipment logs in a Japanese academic network, we show that our CRF based algorithm improves the accuracy of generated log templates in reasonable processing time, compared with a traditional method.
High-Precision Web Extraction Using Site Knowledge

In this paper, we study the problem of extracting structured records from semi-structured Web pages. Existing Web information extraction techniques like wrapper induction require a large amount of editorial eﬀort for annotating pages. Other schemes based on Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) suﬀer from precision loss due to variable site structures and abundance of noise in Web pages. In this paper, we propose novel techniques that exploit site knowledge for high-precision extraction with very few training examples . We leverage site knowledge in an unsupervised manner in two ways. First, we use static repeating text in the pages of a Web site to segment long noisy Web page sequences into short segments with little noise. Then, after labeling the segments using a generic classiﬁcation technique like CRFs, we exploit inter-page structure similarity along with attribute uniqueness constraints and proximity relationships to correct erroneous labels. Applied together, our unsupervised schemes exploiting site knowledge achieve 5 times higher accuracy compared to traditional CRF-based approaches for real-world restaurant pages.
Single Event Effects Testing of the Hardened Texas Instruments MSP430FR5739 Microcontroller on with Embedded Ferroelectric Memory

MSP430FR55739 tests at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Cyclotron used the Milli-Beam apparatus to restrict exposure to specific blocks. Instruction lockstep techniques were employed to synchronize test unit outputs with an unexposed device. In this paper, we present cross-sections for the device and functional blocks.
A Survey of Mechanisms for TCP Congestion Control

South Delta Electricity Company, Cairo, Egypt, 32952, Menouf, Egypt Abstract : As the Internet is expected to better support many applications such as multimedia with limit bandwidth, new mechanisms are needed to control the congestion in the network. Congestion control plays the key role to ensure stability of the Internet along with fair and efficient allocation of the bandwidth. So, congestion control is currently a large area of research and concern in the network community. Many congestion control mechanisms are developed and refined by researcher aiming to overcome congestion. During the last decade, several congestion control mechanisms have been proposed to improve TCP congestion control. This paper aims to comparing these mechanisms, showing their differences and their improvements, using the well known network simulator ns-2, and we identify, classify, and discuss some of these mechanisms of TCP congestion control such as Tahoe, Sack, Reno, NewReno, Vegas, and Westwood. Keywords : TCP, Congestion Control Mechanisms, about six key words separated by commas .
Systemic inflammation after inspiratory loading in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) present systemic inflammation. Strenuous resistive breathing induces systemic inflammation in healthy subjects. We hypothesized that the increased respiratory load that characterizes COPD can contribute to systemic inflammation in these patients. Patients and methods To test this hypothesis, we compared leukocyte numbers and levels of circulating cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10), before and 1 hour after maximal incremental inspiratory loading in 13 patients with stable COPD (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] 29 ± 2.5% ref) and in 8 healthy sedentary subjects (FEV1 98 ± 5% ref). Results We found that: (1) at baseline, patients with COPD showed higher leukocyte counts and IL-8 levels than controls (p < 0.01); and, (2) one hour after maximal inspiratory loading these values were unchanged, except for IL-10, which increased in controls (p < 0.05) but not in patients with COPD. Conclusions This study confirms the presence of systemic inflammation in COPD, shows that maximal inspiratory loading does not increase the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8) in COPD patients or controls, but suggests that the former may be unable to mount an appropriate systemic anti-inflammatory response to exercise.
Dreams: A tool for the design of dynamically reconfigurable embedded and modular systems

Dynamically Reconfigurable Systems are attracting a growing interest, mainly due to the emergence of novel applications based on this technology. However, commercial tools do not provide enough flexibility to design solutions, while keeping an acceptable design productivity. In this paper, a novel design flow is proposed, targeting dynamically reconfigurable systems. It is fully supported by a tool called Dreams, which is able to implement flexible systems, starting from a set of netlists corresponding to the modules, as well as a system description provided by the user. The tool automatically post-processes the nets, implementing a solution for the communications between reconfigurable regions, as well as the handling of routing conflicts, by means of a custom router. Since the design process of every module and the static system are independent, the proposed flow is compatible with system upgrade at run-time. In this paper, a use case corresponding to the design of a highly regular and parallel mesh-type architecture is described, in order to show the architectural flexibility offered by the tool.
The Role of Search Friction in Networked Markets ’ Stationarity

The advent of the Internet and the resulting electronic revolution has resulted in incredible speed-ups in trade and commerce. Many time-consuming and arduous transactions have been greatly simplified and sped-up. In modern electronic financial markets, for example, high frequency trading has become a critical component and has resulted in a greatly increased volume of trade. Given the recent financial crisis, studies on the effect of high frequency trading to the market micro-structure and its dynamics has become an active and important research topic. In this paper, we consider the dynamics of a non-cooperative networked bargaining game as the market trading process and then incorporate search friction into the model. Our goal is to study how search friction influences the market’s stability and efficiency in a network economy. Our starting point is the framework introduced in [2], which considers a non-cooperative bargaining process as a micro-market mechanism and incorporates it into a large, competitive networked market. It is shown in [2] that even in the case of the economy becoming large, with more agents at each location so that each agent has a diminishing influence on the economy, the agent’s strategy need not converge to a stationary equilibrium resulting in endogenous fluctuations. Another important conclusion drawn from [2] is that a small shock in the economy can be amplified through the network to make a “stable” market change to one that does not have a stable outcome. In more detail, the model consists of a line network of middleman agents that allow sellers to sell their product to buyers. The network restricts the trades that are allowed only to local interactions, i.e., a middle-man agent can only buy the good from an agent (could be a seller) closer to the seller and can only sell the good to an agent (could be a buyer) closer to the buyer; a seller can only sell the good to an agent that she is connected to and a buyer can only buy the good from an agent that she is connected to. In the set-up analyzed in [2], an agent is chosen at random and based on whether she possesses the good or not, she either sells or buys the good. In either case, the model is such that she can identify all the agents in the next hop with whom she can trade with, if any exist; in other words, her search procedure is frictionless: extremely fast and reliable.
Performance and Power Consumption Analysis of a Hybrid Optical Core Node

Hybrid optical switching (HOS) is a switching paradigm that aims to combine optical circuit switching, optical burst switching, and optical packet switching on the same network. This paper proposes a novel integrated control plane for an HOS core node. The control plane makes use of a unified control packet able to carry the control information for all the different data formats and employs an appropriate scheduling algorithm for each incoming data type. Three possible node architectures are presented and an analytical model is introduced to analyze their power consumption. Also, the concept of increase in power efficiency is introduced to compare the considered architectures. The performance and power consumption analysis of the node have been carried out through the use of a simulation model developed specifically for the scope. The obtained results show the effectiveness of HOS networks.