Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine Thrombelastography and Tromboelastometry in Assessing Coagulopathy in Trauma

Death due to trauma is the leading cause of lost life years worldwide, with haemorrhage being responsible for 30-40% of trauma mortality and accounting for almost 50% of the deaths the initial 24 h. On admission, 25-35% of trauma patients present with coagulopathy, which is associated with a several-fold increase in morbidity and mortality. The recent introduction of haemostatic control resuscitation along with emerging understanding of acute post-traumatic coagulability, are important means to improve therapy and outcome in exsanguinating trauma patients. This change in therapy has emphasized the urgent need for adequate haemostatic assays to monitor traumatic coagulopathy and guide therapy. Based on the cell-based model of haemostasis, there is emerging consensus that plasma-based routine coagulation tests (RCoT), like prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), are inappropriate for monitoring coagulopathy and guide therapy in trauma. The necessity to analyze whole blood to accurately identify relevant coagulopathies, has led to a revival of the interest in viscoelastic haemostatic assays (VHA) such as Thromboelastography (TEG ®) and Rotation Thromboelastometry (ROTEM ®). Clinical studies including about 5000 surgical and/or trauma patients have reported on the benefit of using the VHA as compared to plasma-based assays, to identify coagulopathy and guide therapy. This article reviews the basic principles of VHA, the correlation between the VHA whole blood clot formation in accordance with the cell-based model of haemostasis, the current use of VHA-guided therapy in trauma and massive transfusion (haemostatic control resuscitation), limitations of VHA and future perspectives of this assay in trauma.
Enhanced water flux in vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays and polyethersulfone composite membranes

We describe a novel preparation concept for a unique class of high-flux ultra-filtration membrane comprising a pre-aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) array and polyethersulfone (PES). This membrane contains vertically aligned CNTs uniformly distributed inside a PES matrix. The vertically oriented water transportation pathway along the CNTs is verified to facilitate a dramatic enhancement in the water flux through the membrane. The water transportation speed increases about 3 times over the simply mixed CNT/PES membrane with random orientation and more than 10 times over the pure PES membrane under the same pressure load. Low working pressures as well as good retention properties enable this new composite membrane to be an ideal candidate for the future design of a highly efficient filtration membrane. This facile technique can potentially be applied to other filtration membrane systems to improve the separation efficiency.
Mining A change history to quickly identify bug locations : A case study of the Eclipse project

In this study, we proposed an approach to mine a change history to improve the bug localization performance. The key idea is that a recently fixed file may be fixed in the near future. We used a combination of textual feature and mining the change history to recommend source code files that are likely to be fixed for a given bug report. First, we adopted the Vector Space Model (VSM) to find relevant source code files that are textually similar to the bug report. Second, we analyzed the change history to identify previously fixed files. We then estimated the fault proneness of these files. Finally, we combined the two scores, from textual similarity and fault proneness, for every source code file. We then recommend developers examine source code files with higher scores. We evaluated our approach based on 1,212 bug reports from the Eclipse Platform and Eclipse JDT. The experimental results show that our proposed approach can improve the bug localization performance and effectively identify buggy files.
Features extraction to improve performance of clustering process on student achievement

In clustering data, there are two popular methods which are usually used: k-Means and Fuzzy C Means (FCM). Clustering process by these two methods, however, are sometimes influenced by the data suitable being used. This may affect the performance, for example: execution time, accuracy level. In order to overcome this problem, especially in a student evaluation system, we propose a feature extraction stage, which is implemented in the data preprocessing before being used by FCM. This extraction itself is performed based on the category and the Bloom's Taxonomy by collecting student data in a serious game. The experimental results show that these proposed methods are able to increase the accuracy level and to reduce the execution time. In terms of accuracy, our method is, on average, 2.3–4.7% higher than that of the original FCM. In terms of the execution time, the proposed FCM is, on average, 2.2–2.7 second faster than the original.
When HTTPS Meets CDN: A Case of Authentication in Delegated Service

Content Delivery Network (CDN) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) are two popular but independent web technologies, each of which has been well studied individually and independently. This paper provides a systematic study on how these two work together. We examined 20 popular CDN providers and 10,721 of their customer web sites using HTTPS. Our study reveals various problems with the current HTTPS practice adopted by CDN providers, such as widespread use of invalid certificates, private key sharing, neglected revocation of stale certificates, and insecure back-end communication. While some of those problems are operational issues only, others are rooted in the fundamental semantic conflict between the end-to-end nature of HTTPS and the man-in-the-middle nature of CDN involving multiple parties in a delegated service. To address the delegation problem when HTTPS meets CDN, we proposed and implemented a lightweight solution based on DANE (DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities), an emerging IETF protocol complementing the current Web PKI model. Our implementation demonstrates that it is feasible for HTTPS to work with CDN securely and efficiently. This paper intends to provide a context for future discussion within security and CDN community on more preferable solutions.
Financial Stability and Monetary Policy

Rapid credit growth, short-term capital inflows, and associated macro-financial risks in the aftermath of the global crisis necessitated the use of alternative policy instruments in Turkey. Accordingly, the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) has designed and adopted a new policy mix to incorporate financial stability into the inflation targeting framework by utilizing several complementary instruments. This study assesses the new policy strategy implemented by the CBRT. First we introduce the main structure of the new policy and explain how and for what purpose each instrument is used. We then elaborate on the communication strategy and assess the initial impact of the implementation. Although it is too early to draw firm conclusions, initial results so far suggest that a policy mix of lower policy rate, wider interest rate corridor, combined with higher reserve requirement ratios may serve as an appropriate strategy in dealing with short term capital inflows, especially in countries with current account deficits.
Aspect Extraction in Product Reviews via an Improved Unsupervised Method

This paper studied on aspects extraction from product reviews by unsupervised topic model, which is an important subtask of opinion mining. The topic distribution of topic model, such as LDA, leans to the high-frequency words since the words in the document comply with the characteristics of power law distribution, which leads to that most of the words that can represent topics are overwhelmed by a small number of high-frequency words, and consequently, the topic expressive ability is reduced. To solve these problems, an unsupervised method is proposed by us in this paper, and on the basis of Sentence-LDA topic model, a new Unsupervised Weighted LDA model (UW-LDA) based on the weighted topic model is obtained through weighting on feature words by a improved Gaussian function. Finally, the experiments on two aspects of the review corpus of several products from different domains show that our proposed model has made a satisfactory result.
Scalable Alternatives to Virtual Output Queuing

To avoid head of line blocking in switches, Virtual Output Queues (VOQs) are commonly used. However, the number of VOQs grows quadratically with the number of ports, making this approach impractical for large switches. In this paper, we propose Dynamic Switch Buffer Management (DSBM) to tackle this problem. Similar to DBBM [3], it saves memory by reducing the number of buffers. Our scheme significantly improves the performance by dynamically assigning the incoming cells to the least occupied buffers.
An ORB Endsystem Architecture for Statically Scheduled Real-time Applications

Abstract There is increasing demand to extend object-oriented middle-ware to support applications with stringent quality of service(QoS) requirements. However, conventional object-orientedmiddleware does not deﬁne standard features for specifying orenforcing end-to-end QoS for applications with deterministicor statistical real-time requirements. This paper focuses onstrategies for integrating I/O subsystems with object-orientedmiddleware to produce ORB endsystems for statically sched-uled real-time applications.Keywords: Real-time CORBA, Object Request Broker, Qual-ity of Service, OO Middleware, I/O Subsystem 1 Introduction Existing Object Request Broker (ORB) middleware likeCORBA [1], DCOM [2], and Java RMI [3] is suitable for re-quest/response applications with best-effort quality of servicerequirements. However, existing ORB middleware is not yetsuited forperformance-sensitive,distributed real-timeapplica-tions due to (1) lack of QoS speciﬁcation interfaces, (2) lack ofQoS enforcement, (3) lack of real-time programmingfeatures,and (4) lack of performance optimizations [4]. To address these shortcomings, we have developed TheACE ORB (TAO) [5]. TAO is a highly extensible, CORBA-compliant ORB endsystem targeted for applications with de-terministic and statistical quality of service requirements, aswell as best effort requirements. This paper addresses de-scribes TAO’s ORB endsystem architecture and explains how
Mother’s Perception of Protein Energy Malnutrition in Children Under Five Years: An Exploratory and Descriptive Qualitative Study Conducted at Chipata Health Centre, Chipata Compound in Lusaka.

The mothers’ perception of malnutrition in relation to causality, signs and symptoms, prevention, treatment and curability can influence decision making and health care seeking behaviours. Therefore, to be effective, health education interventions should be anchored on a good understanding of the mother’s perspective. This qualitative study used three Focus Group Discussions with a total of 30 mothers from Chipata compound in Lusaka to explore the perceptions of mothers. Malnutrition was known as a common childhood disease and was considered to be fatal but curable if treated early. Early symptoms were difficult to know and were confused with other common childhood diseases such as worms, diarrhoea and malaria. Delays in care seeking were reported, arising from the practice of first treating symptoms at home and consulting local health systems. Hunger, lack of food, disease and poor feeding practices were said to be the major causes of malnutrition, however, beliefs in witchcraft, violation of sexual taboos and breastfeeding while pregnant featured in all the groups. Poverty, negative attitudes, working mothers, inexperienced carers and alcoholism were also mentioned. Mothers believed that modern medicine was effective in treating malnutrition while traditional medicine was indicated as an alternative. Social stigma was said to be a major stumbling block to care seeking. These findings point to the need to understand the knowledge and behaviour of the mothers, the cultural context, and other broader determinants and to address incorrect beliefs and misconceptions.
Very low bit rate parametric audio coding

In this thesis, a parametric audio coding system for very low bit rates is presented. It is based on a generalized framework that combines different source models into a hybrid model and thereby permits flexible utilization of a broad range of source and perceptual models. The developed parametric audio coding system allows efficient coding of arbitrary audio signals at bit rates in the range of approximately 6 to 16 kbit/s. The use of a hybrid source model requires that the audio signal is being decomposed into a set of components, each of which can be adequately modeled by one of the available source models. Each component is described by a set of model parameters of its source model. The parameters of all components are quantized and coded and then conveyed as bit stream from the encoder to the decoder. In the decoder, the component signals are resynthesized according to the transmitted parameters. By combining these signals, the output signal of the parametric audio coding system is obtained. The hybrid source model developed here combines sinusoidal trajectories, harmonic tones, and noise components and includes an extension to support fast signal transients. The encoder employs robust algorithms for the automatic decomposition of the input signal into components and for the estimation of the model parameters of these components. A perceptual model in the encoder guides signal decomposition and selects the perceptually most relevant components for transmission. Advanced coding schemes exploit the statistical dependencies and properties of the quantized parameters for efficient transmission. The parametric approach facilitates extensions of the coding system that provide additional functionalities. Independent time-scaling and pitch-shifting is supported by the signal synthesis in the decoder. Bit rate scalability is achieved by transmitting the perceptually most important components in a base layer bit stream and further components in one or more enhancement layers. Error robustness for operation over error-prone transmission channels is achieved by unequal error protection and by techniques to minimize error propagation and to provide error concealment. The resulting coding system was standardized as Harmonic and Individual Lines plus Noise (HILN) parametric audio coder in the international MPEG-4 Audio standard. Listening tests show that HILN achieves an audio quality comparable to that of established transform-based audio coders at 6 and 16 kbit/s.
Dilemmas in teaching heritage language learners: the voice of an L2 Spanish teacher candidate

ABSTRACT Attending to the narrative of a teacher candidate regarding his practicum experience with heritage language learners (HLLs) and L1 Spanish learners, this hermeneutic phenomenological case study describes the identity struggles he encountered during the experience. Findings show that his struggles resulted not only from a perceived lack of pedagogical knowledge or skill, but also from intersecting issues as a White, L2 Spanish teacher teaching Latinx HLLs and L1 Spanish learners: perceiving himself not to be as competent in Spanish language as his students, appearing inauthentic in the context of teaching HLLs and L1 Spanish learners, and feeling unethical to be in an authoritative position in these classrooms. Discussion and implications suggest that we, as second language teachers, teacher educators, and second language teacher education as a field, should take into account a broader view of the complexities of the contextualized realities of teachers we work with, and that we should continue exploring these issues relationally and holistically in our research and practice.
Response to standard of care antiviral treatment in patients with HCV liver cirrhosis - a systematic review.

BACKGROUND Patients with HCV liver cirrhosis are a category difficult to treat. The aim of this study was to establish the sustained virological response (SVR) rates in HCV patients with liver cirrhosis treated with standard of care therapy (Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin for 48 weeks in genotypes 1 and 4 and 24 weeks in genotypes 2 and 3). METHODS Searching the PubMed, Medline, Lilacs, Scopus, Ovid and Medscape databases we identified all the articles published until February 2011 that included only HCV cirrhotic patients. These studies evaluated the SVR after standard of care treatment: Pegylated Interferon alpha 2a (doses ranging between 135-180 µg/week) or Pegylated Interferon alpha 2b (1 or 1.5 µg/kg/week) and Ribavirin (doses ranging between 800-1200 mg/day). We used the following key words: HCV, liver cirrhosis, sustained virological response (SVR). RESULTS The overall SVR rate was 33.3% (95%CI-confidence interval=30.6-36.2%). SVR was significantly higher in patients with genotypes 2 and 3 (422 patients) as compared to those with genotypes 1 and 4 (692 patients): 55.4% (95%CI=50.7-60.1) versus 21.7% (95%CI=18.7-25), p < 0.0001. CONCLUSION The overall SVR rate in cirrhotic patients treated with standard of care therapy is 33.3%, but lower in cases affected by genotypes 1 and 4 (21.6%) which makes them a priority regarding the development of more potent drugs for effective treatment.
An Efficient Statistical Content-Based Color Image Indexing and Retrieval

The world has recently witnessed a tremendous development in the various fields of information technology. Traditional databases do not provide a satisfactory environment for variant media types such as audio video and still images. An efficient statistical image indexing technique has been developed. The mean, variance, and skewness of the image color histogram distributions were used as a feature vector to tag images in the database system. The RGB color space was used. Therefore, the feature vector formed from the mean variance, and skewness of the three basic components of the color space. It has been shown using statistical analysis that the statistical feature vector entries give sufficient knowledge about the histogram distribution for image indexing and retrieval systems. Hence, The proposed system has shown its superiority over traditional histogram based systems in term of feature index properties and length as well as performance.
Haptic numbers: three haptic representation models for numbers on a touch screen phone

Systematic research on haptic stimuli is needed to create viable haptic feeling for user interface elements. There has been a lot of research with haptic user interface prototypes, but much less with haptic stimulus design. In this study we compared three haptic representation models with two representation rates for the numbers used in the phone number keypad layout. Haptic representations for the numbers were derived from Arabic and Roman numbers, and from the Location of the number button in the layout grid. Using a Nokia 5800 Express Music phone participants entered phone numbers blindly in the phone. The speed, error rate, and subjective experiences were recorded. The results showed that the model had no effect to the measured performance, but subjective experiences were affected. The Arabic numbers with slower speed were preferred most. Thus, subjectively the performance was rated as better, even though objective measures showed no differences.
Factors Influencing Rote Student's Intention to Use WBL: Thailand Study

Conventional WBL is effective for meaningful student, because rote student learn by repeating without thinking or trying to understand. It is impossible to have full benefit from conventional WBL. Understanding of rote student’s intention and what influences it becomes important. Poorly designed user interface will discourage rote student’s cultivation and intention to use WBL. Thus, user interface design is an important factor especially when WBL is used as comprehensive replacement of conventional teaching. This research proposes the influencing factors that can enhance student’s intention to use the system. The enhanced TAM is used for evaluating the proposed factors. The research result points out that factors influencing rote student’s intention are Perceived Usefulness of Homepage Content Structure, Perceived User Friendly Interface, Perceived Hedonic Component, and Perceived (homepage) Visual Attractiveness. Keywords—E-learning, Web-Based learning, Intention to use, Rote student, Influencing.
Agreement or acquiescence? Issues of informed consent within research working with vulnerable adults & the Mental Capacity Act (2005) (learning disabilities)

People with learning disabilities feature as a small percentage of the total population (i.e. 1.5 million), DoH (2001c) but figure highly in terms of need for support in leading ordinary lives. Many people with learning disabilities are among the most socially excluded and vulnerable in the UK and there is increasing evidence that many still experience abuse, bullying and frequent challenges to their citizenship and rights.
The impact of outbound FDI on domestic investment

When a firm becomes a multinational, what does this do to its pace of growth of domestic assets? In contrast to the evidence for US multinational companies, where foreign and domestic investment are seen to be complements, we find evidence that for Indian MNCs, significant levels of outbound FDI have a negative impact on the growth in domestic investment. We conjecture that this is related to special features of capital controls against foreign borrowing, and to a difficult institutional environment faced in doing domestic investment. ∗This paper was written under the aegis of the NIPFP-DEA Research Program. We are grateful to CMIE for help with the firm-level database used in this paper. We thank Aditi Dimri for research assistance.
BUILDING DOMAIN-SPECIFIC MOBILE-AGENT PLATFORMS FROM REUSABLE SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

Mobile agents are a promising technology for developing applications in many application domains. However, it has not yet gained a large acceptance from the developers. One important reason for this is the difficulty of using generic mobile-agent platforms in specific application domains, which have very concrete requisites. In this paper, we present a reusable component-based framework that enables the creation of domain-specific mobile-agent systems in an easy and rapid way. The framework was implemented using the JavaBeans component model, and a fully blown agent platform was built from the components. By using this framework, the development of domain-specify mobile agent platforms is simplified, allowing a more rapid development cycle, which can contribute to an easier spreading of the mobile agent
VisExpress: Visual exploration of differential gene expression data

Biologists are keen to understand how processes in cells react to environmental changes. Differential gene expression analysis allows biologists to explore functions of genes with data generated from different environments. However, these data and analysis lead to unique challenges since tasks are ill-defined, require implicit domain knowledge, comprise large volumes of data, and are, therefore, of explanatory nature. To investigate a scalable visualization-based solution, we conducted a design study with three biologists specialized in differential gene expression analysis. We stress our contributions in three aspects: first, we characterize the problem domain for exploring differential gene expression data and derive task abstractions and design requirements. Second, we investigate the design space and present an interactive visualization system, called VisExpress. Third, we evaluate the usefulness of VisExpress via a Pair Analytics study with real users and real data and report on insights that were gained by our experts with VisExpress.