Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms underlying phosphate‐induced failure of Ca2+ release in single skinned skeletal muscle fibres of the rat

1 Single mechanically skinned fibres from rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were used to investigate the mechanisms underlying inorganic phosphate (Pi) movements between the myoplasm and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Force transients elicited by caffeine/low Mg2+ application were used to assess the rate of Pi‐induced inhibition of SR Ca2+ release and the subsequent recovery of Ca2+ release following removal of myoplasmic Pi. 2 Myoplasmic Pi reduced SR Ca2+ release in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. A 10 s exposure to 10, 20 and 50 mm myoplasmic Pi reduced SR Ca2+ release by 12 ± 9, 29 ± 5 and 82 ± 5 %, respectively. 3 Removal of myoplasmic ATP at the time of Pi exposure significantly increased the rate and extent of SR Ca2+ release inhibition. For example, Ca2+ release was reduced by 86 ± 6 % (n= 6) after 20 s exposure to 20 mm Pi in the absence of ATP compared with only 47 ± 5 % (n= 5) in the presence of ATP. 4 The half and full recovery times for SR Ca2+ release following washout of myoplasmic Pi were 35 s and ∼7 min, respectively. Recovery of Ca2+ release was unaffected by the absence of ATP during washout of Pi but was prevented when fibres were washed in the presence of high myoplasmic Pi (30 mm). Neither the Pi transporter blocker phenylphosphonic acid (PHPA) nor the anion channel blockers anthracene‐9‐carboxylic acid (9‐AC) and 4,4′‐diisothiocyanatostilbene‐2,2′‐disulphonic acid (DIDS) affected the rate of recovery of SR Ca2+ release. 5 These results show that Pi entry and exit from the SR occur primarily through a passive pathway that is insensitive to well‐known anion channel blockers. Pi inhibition of SR Ca2+ release appears to be a complicated phenomenon influenced by the rate of Pi movement across the SR as well as by the rate, extent and species of Ca2+‐Pi precipitate formation in the SR lumen. The more rapid inhibitory effect of Pi in the absence of myoplasmic ATP suggests that Pi may inhibit SR Ca2+ release more efficiently during the later stages of fatigue.
Universal Dependency Evaluation

Multilingual parser evaluation has for a long time been hampered by the lack of cross-linguistically consistent annotation. While initiatives like Universal Depen-dencies have greatly improved the situation, they have also raised questions about the adequacy of existing parser evaluation metrics when applied across typologically different languages. This paper argues that the usual attachment score metrics used to evaluate dependency parsers are biased in favor of analytic languages, where grammatical structure tends to be encoded in free morphemes (function words) rather than in bound morphemes (inﬂection). We therefore propose an alternative evaluation metric that excludes functional relations from the attachment score. We explore the effect of this change in experiments using a subset of treebanks from release v2.0 of Universal Dependencies.
Demography of the critically endangered Balearic shearwater : impacts of 1 fisheries and time to extinction

12 1 Population Ecology Group, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 13 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain 14 2 SEO/BirdLife, Delegació de Catalunya, C/ Murcia 2-8, Local 13, 08026 Barcelona, 15 Spain 16 3 Balearic Shearwater Conservation Association, Puig Teide 4, Palmanova 07181, Spain 17 4 Marine Geoscience Group, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK 18 5 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, 19 UK 20
The Status of Corporate Social Responsibility

The theory of corporate social responsibility results from various disadvantages of the troditional corporations unique purpose to seek profit. There exist different viewpoints concerning the status of corporate social responsibility. In China, corporate social responsibility can be used as a concept only in academic and moral field. It should not be generally prescribed in the Company Law. In addition, seeking profit is still the primary task of a company and the social responsibility remains secondary.
High memory throughput FPGA architecture for high-definition Belief-Propagation stereo matching

3D systems are starting to be included in real applications. One of the most commonly used groups of 3D algorithms is the stereo matching one. It obtains a stereoscopic image, which includes information about the distance from the camera to the objects in the image. Several algorithms have been proposed to obtain an accurate depth map. Among them, those based on Belief-Propagation message passing have shown great performance. However, the iterative process carried out leads to high consumption of resources, especially memory traffic. Implementations in CPUs are very slow. Moreover, the inherent parallelism this algorithm shows makes it a good candidate either for GPU or FPGA implementations. In this paper we present a high-definition depth estimation architecture based on BP for FPGA platforms. The architecture proposed uses a bank of DDR2 memories able to work at 200 MHz to reduce the execution time required for obtaining high-definition depth maps. Moreover, to generate data at the maximum frequency allowed by the DDR2 memory, several improvements in the architecture are proposed. The architecture has been implemented in a Xilinx Virtex 5 330 VLX FPGA. As a result, a high-definition depth map with 96 disparity levels can be obtained in less than 0.4 seconds.
Anthropometric, motor ability and physiological profiles of Indian national club footballers : a comparative study

Football is probably the most popular game worldwide but there is still limited scientific information available concerning the physique and performance qualities of elite Indian footballers. Team games are sports where size, shape, body composition and fitness all play an important part in providing distinct advantages for specific playing positions. Hence an attempt has been made to study the various anthropometric parameters, motor ability and physiological profiles of the different Indian national club footballers and also to compare the above parameters with their international counterparts. The present study was carried out on one hundred fifty (150) male Indian footballers of six different national clubs of India including three from Kolkata (East Bengal, Mohan Bagan & Mohammedan Sporting) and other three from Goanese clubs (Salgaokar, Vasco & Dempo). The players were also sub-divided according to their specific field positions. Physical and physiological profiles including height, weight, percentage body fat (%BF), flexibility, agility, explosive power, and VO2 max were measured by standard procedures. It was noted that the mean values of age, height, weight and %BF were significantly different among footballers of different national clubs. Among the motor ability and physiological qualities only flexibility, agility and VO2 max were significantly different among the footballers of different national clubs (p<0.01). It was also observed that the mean values of height, weight, vertical jump and VO2 max of Indian national club players were found to be inferior to those of European, American and Australian footballers. However, the %body fat of Indian footballers according to their specific field positions was found to be comparable with their international counterparts. The defender, midfielder and striker of the present study were inferior in endurance (VO2 max) as compared to their international counterparts. Genetic factors may be the cause of smaller body size of the subject of the present study as compare to their international counterparts. So, it can be concluded that the differences among the footballers of present study with their international counterparts and specific playing position is probably the cause of hereditary factors and differences in activity in the game.
Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of Prostaglandin E Receptor 2 Gene in Cashmere Goat (Capra hircus) Skin during Hair Follicle Development

As a member of the four subtypes of receptors for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) is in the family of G-protein coupled receptors and has been characterized to be involved in the development and growth of hair follicles. In this study, we cloned and characterized the full-length coding sequence (CDS) of PTGER2 gene from cashmere goat skin. The entire open reading frame (ORF) of PTGER2 gene was 1047 bp and encoded 348 amino acid residues. The deduced protein contained one G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature, seven transmembrane domains, and other potential sites. Tissue expression analysis showed that PTGER2 gene was expressed strongly in the skin. The general expression tendency of PTGER2 gene at different hair follicle developmental stages in the skin was gradually decreased from anagen to catagen to telogen. After comparing with the expression of BMP4 gene and related reports, we further presume that it seems to have a relationship between the hair follicle cycle and the expression level of PTGER2 gene in cashmere goat skin.
Comparative Corporate Governance Schemes and their Relevance for the Sporting Sector

The goal of improving standards of governance has been a driver for much of the corporate law reform that has occurred in many of the most developed nations in recent years, such as Australia's Corporate Law Economic Reform Program (CLERP) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Corporate Governance Rules of 2003. In this paper, we review global and national (US, UK and Australian) corporate governance schemes to identify 'core' features or aspects of those governance structures. In this way, this paper identifies the features or variables of a 'model' corporate governance structure which can be distilled from these governance schemes and draws conclusions relating to the nature, operation, 'continuity' and 'centrality' of those variables. Also, the paper considers how the impacts of these broader developments striving for good governance may have application to sporting organizations. The paper closes by noting how good governance is increasingly being viewed as essential for the sustainability of sporting sector organizations and integrated into their organizational protocols.
The effect of instant messaging services on society's mental health

Purpose – This paper aims to show how instant messaging (IM) service providers are helping and hindering societal mental health among young adults. That is, IM services provide users with an ability to obtain instantaneous and inexpensive support in their time of need. However, excessive internet usage may place IM users at risk of experiencing symptoms associated with internet addiction and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Design/methodology/approach – The authors propose a framework obtained from coding qualitative data. They test the framework with structural equation methodology and latent mean analysis from data collected from younger‐aged Chinese and American IM users in two studies.Findings – Younger‐aged IM users in both China and the US obtain social support from their virtual networks. However, both groups of IM users show signs of elevated levels of internet addiction and of being at risk of experiencing symptoms associated with ADHD.Research limitations/implications – Exce.
Vaccination of monoglycosylated hemagglutinin induces cross-strain protection against influenza virus infections

Significance Influenza epidemics continue to be a threat to public health, and the recent human cases of avian viruses of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia raise the possibility of a new disastrous influenza pandemic. Although an effective universal vaccine that can protect from influenza viruses from different subtypes or even both type A and B is still far from reality, our unique findings, showing that monosaccharide glycosylated HA vaccine induces broader protection against different strains, may lead to a better influenza vaccine design that does not require frequent updates and annual immunizations. This strategy may also map out a new direction for development of universal flu vaccines and be applied to vaccine design for other human viruses. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various H1N1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. In the HAmg vaccine, highly conserved sequences that were originally covered by glycans in the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) are exposed and thus, are better engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs), stimulated better DC maturation, and induced more CD8+ memory T cells and IgG-secreting plasma cells. Single B-cell RT-PCR followed by sequence analysis revealed that the HAmg vaccine activated more diverse B-cell repertoires than the HAfg vaccine and produced antibodies with cross-strain binding ability. In summary, the HAmg vaccine elicits cross-strain immune responses that may mitigate the current need for yearly reformulation of strain-specific inactivated vaccines. This strategy may also map a new direction for universal vaccine design.
Extraction and rapid inactivation of proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by trichloroacetic acid precipitation

Methods currently used for the extraction of proteins from yeast involve relatively long time periods between sampling cells from a culture and analysis of their proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis–sodium dodecylsulphate. Often it is desirable to inactivate cellular metabolism rapidly after sampling and here we show that trichloroacetic acid precipitation techniques, often used for rapid extraction and inactivation of proteins from higher eukaryotes, can be adapted for use with organisms which have cell walls.
Mutation of an Arabidopsis NatB N-Alpha-Terminal Acetylation Complex Component Causes Pleiotropic Developmental Defects

N-α-terminal acetylation is one of the most common, but least understood modifications of eukaryotic proteins. Although a high degree of conservation exists between the N-α-terminal acetylomes of plants and animals, very little information is available on this modification in plants. In yeast and humans, N-α-acetyltransferase complexes include a single catalytic subunit and one or two auxiliary subunits. Here, we report the positional cloning of TRANSCURVATA2 (TCU2), which encodes the auxiliary subunit of the NatB N-α-acetyltransferase complex in Arabidopsis. The phenotypes of loss-of-function tcu2 alleles indicate that NatB complex activity is required for flowering time regulation and for leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and embryonic development. In double mutants, tcu2 alleles synergistically interact with alleles of ARGONAUTE10, which encodes a component of the microRNA machinery. In summary, NatB-mediated N-α-terminal acetylation of proteins is pleiotropically required for Arabidopsis development and seems to be functionally related to the microRNA pathway.
Probability, stochastic processes, and queueing theory - the mathematics of computer performance modeling

This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to probability and stochastic processes, and shows how these subjects may be applied in computer performance modelling. The author's aim is to derive the theory in a way that combines its formal, intuitive, and applied aspects so that students may apply this indispensable tool in a variety of different settings. Readers are assumed to be familiar with elementary linear algebra and calculus, including the concept of limit, but otherwise this book provides a self-contained approach suitable for graduate or advanced undergraduate students. The first half of the book covers the basic concepts of probability including expectation, random variables, and fundamental theorems. In the second half of the book the reader is introduced to stochastic processes. Subjects covered include renewal processes, queueing theory, Markov processes, and reversibility as it applies to networks of queues. Examples and applications are drawn from problems in computer performance modelling.
The nature and correlates of paid and unpaid work among service users of London Community Mental Health Teams

Aims. Little is known about how the rates and characteristics of mental health service users in unpaid work, training and study compare with those in paid employment. Methods. From staff report and patient records, 1353 mental health service users of seven Community Mental Health Teams in two London boroughs were categorized as in paid work, unpaid vocational activity or no vocational activity. Types of work were described using Standard Occupational Classifications. The characteristics of each group were reported and associations with vocational status were explored. Results. Of the sample, 5.5% were in paid work and 12.7% were in unpaid vocational activity, (including 5.3% in voluntary work and 8.1% in study or training). People in paid work were engaged in a broader range of occupations than those in voluntary work and most in paid work (58.5%) worked part-time. Younger age and high educational attainment characterized both groups. Having sustained previous employment was most strongly associated with being in paid work. Conclusions. Rates of vocational activity were very low. Results did not suggest a clear clinical distinction between those in paid and unpaid activity. The motivations for and functions of unpaid work need further research.
Cytokines modulate the sensitivity of human fibroblasts to stimulation with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) by altering endogenous IGF-binding protein production.

Human dermal fibroblasts produce a number of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) including the main circulating form, IGFBP-3. It has been suggested that the regulation of IGFBP secretion may play a major role in modulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) bioactivity. We have quantified the effects of two cytokines, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) which have opposing actions on fibroblast IGFBP-3 production, and examined their subsequent role in IGF-I mitogenesis. TGF-beta 1 caused a dose-dependent increase in IGFBP-3 in serum-free fibroblast-conditioned media. TGF-beta 1 (1 microgram/l) resulted in immunoreactive IGFBP-3 levels reaching 286.5 +/- 22.4% of control after 20 h, the increase being confirmed by Western ligand blot. TNF-alpha caused a dose-dependent decrease in fibroblast IGFBP-3 secretion, 1 microgram TNF-alpha/l reducing IGFBP-3 levels to 32.1 +/- 11. % of control. This effect was not due to cytotoxicity and was not cell-density-dependent. Fibroblast proliferation was examined using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric cytochemical bioassay. The addition of IGF-I resulted in dose-dependent growth stimulation after 48 h, the effective range being 20-100 micrograms/l. The IGF-I analogue Long-R3-IGF-I which has little affinity for the IGFBPs was approximately 20-fold more potent in this assay, and was unaffected by exogenous IGFBP-3. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Superstore interactivity: a new self‐service paradigm of retail service?

The nature of retail service varies from personal service to the provision of greater ambience. Indeed, anything that adds value to the merchandise itself can be considered part of the service provided by the retailer. The focus of this paper is on that part of retail service that involves direct interactivity between the store and the customer. There are two main types of physical interactivity, namely personal service and store design and atmosphere. This paper aims to develop constructs of these two types of interactivity and analyse their impact on store loyalty. An extra dimension is added to this study by contrasting the role of service between superstores and traditional specialist stores in two retail categories. A key finding was that the major difference between the service provided by superstores compared to traditional specialist stores relates to store design and atmosphere. This leads to the suggestion that the recent wave of superstores has ushered in a new paradigm of retail service, one with elevated emphasis on self‐service principles. A further finding was that store design and atmosphere was one of the more important determinants of store loyalty. The paper shows that superstores have revolutionised the nature of retail service, mainly by more effective configuration of self‐service, mediated through store design.
Phospholipid microemulsion-based hydrogel for enhanced topical delivery of lidocaine and prilocaine: QbD-based development and evaluation

Abstract Topical delivery of local anesthetics has been an area of interest for researchers considering the barrier properties of skin and unfavorable physicochemical properties of drugs. In the present study, efforts have been made to modify the in vivo efficacy of eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine by exploiting the phospholipid modified microemulsion based delivery systems. The strategic QbD (D-optimal mixture design) enabled systematic optimization approach, after having obtained the isotropic area of interest by ternary phase diagram, has resulted into the system with most desirable attributes. Latter include nano-scale, globular structures with an average size of 40.6 nm, as characterized by TEM and DLS. The optimized microemulsion systems in gel dosage forms revealed the better permeability over commercial cream (CC) through abdominal rat skin. Enhancement in the flux from MOPT-NMP gel was 3.22-folds for prilocaine and 4.94-folds for lidocaine, in comparison to that of CC. This enhanced skin permeability is very well reflected in the in vivo studies, wherein intensity and duration of action was augmented significantly. The skin compliance of the optimized formulation was revealed in histopathological studies. The overall benefit relating to efficacy and safety-compliance could be correlated to the uniqueness of the carriers, composed of phospholipids and other components. Hence, the developed phospholipid-microemulsion based gel formulation has been proposed as more useful alternative for the topical delivery of lidocaine and prilocaine.
Human values and attitudes toward bank services in Brazil

Purpose – The relationship between personal values and behaviour has been widely studied, and previous studies have demonstrated the mediating role of attitudes. The purpose of the study is to test the “values‐attitude” relation in banking services (car insurance, life insurance, home insurance and retirement plan) on a Brazilian sample and demonstrate the role of negative incidents with services on the relation between sellers' personal values and attitudes.Design/methodology/approach – The Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) and an attitude measurement developed for this research were used. The data were collected with 1,061 employers who sell these services and work in a large Brazilian bank. A structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses.Findings – The results indicate that values of conservation were the best predictor of the attitudes, demonstrating that attitude towards bank services is explained mostly by the motivation to maintain the social tissue. However, the values showed little or no im.
Wideband ENG Zeroth-Order Resonant antenna having mushroom shape with multiple vias

This paper presents a one-unit-cell wideband ENG (Epsilon Negative) ZOR (Zeroth-Order Resonant) antenna designed on a microstrip line. It employs a mushroom structure with multiple vias. The size of antenna is only 7.83 × 1.23 × 2.37mm (or 0.29 × 0.05 × 0.09λ0 at 11.24GHz) owing to zeroth-order resonance. Closed-form design equations are provided based on the equivalent circuit using transmission line theory considering radiation effects. The measured 10dB return loss bandwidth is about 24.02% at 11.24GHz and total gain is 4.8dBi.