Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Focusing of visual attention under submaximal physical load

Abstract This study investigated the focusing of visual attention, with and without, a constant submaximal workload (60% VO2max), on a cycloergometer in two experiments. Two main dimensions of attentional focusing were considered: the space/object‐based dimension and the exogenous/endogenous dimension. These dimensions were investigated by means of the following attention task: A cue of varying size was presented centrally and followed, after a variable interval, by a compound letter with global and local features. Participants were required to react to a predefined target letter, which could be either the global form or one of the local elements of the compound letter. Results confirm the effect of reaction time (RT) reduction under submaximal workloads. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the physical load reduces the RT cost, which has to be paid when a misleading cue causes a disadvantageous focusing of attention. This effect of physical load is presumably mediated by increased allocation of attentional resources and enhanced speed of attentional refocusing. This interpretation is discussed both in terms of the type of attentional operations involved (zooming in vs. zooming out) and the type of control exerted on the attentional focusing (exogenous vs. endogenous).
Work-Life Balance in the perception of Generation Y

The purpose of this article is to answer the question how far the perception of career success is unified by the global standard, and how much still remains under the influence of local patterns. The study included perceptions of work - life balance and the cost of this. This assumption was the basis for the design of own research, which summarizes the generally accepted ideas about selected aspects of the career of Gen Y, with the perception of Gen Y representatives from six countries (Polish, Austria, Spain, Portugal, Turkey and Russia). DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n27p264
Blind Multilinear Identification

We discuss a technique that allows blind recovery of signals or blind identification of mixtures in instances where such recovery or identification were previously thought to be impossible. These instances include: 1) closely located or highly correlated sources in antenna array processing; 2) highly correlated spreading codes in code division multiple access (CDMA) radio communication; and 3) nearly dependent spectra in fluorescence spectroscopy. These have important implications. In the case of antenna array processing, it allows for joint localization and extraction of multiple sources from the measurement of a noisy mixture recorded on multiple sensors in an entirely deterministic manner. In the case of CDMA, it allows the possibility of having a number of users larger than the spreading gain. In the case of fluorescence spectroscopy, it allows for detection of nearly identical chemical constituents. The proposed technique involves the solution of a bounded coherence low-rank multilinear approximation problem. We show that bounded coherence allows us to establish existence and uniqueness of the recovered solution. We will provide some statistical motivation for the approximation problem and discuss greedy approximation bounds. To provide the theoretical underpinnings for this technique, we develop a corresponding theory of sparse separable decompositions of functions, including notions of rank and nuclear norm that can be specialized to the usual ones for matrices and operators and also be applied to hypermatrices and tensors.
Diagnostic Implications of WISC Scores: A Reanalysis

An attempt to use Gittinger's Personality Assessment System as a diagnostic tool did not yield statistically significant results for a sample of 318 children in 9 diagnostic groups. However, in this sample, there were many clear-cut sex differences in WISC performance and some evidence of interaction among age, sex, and diagnostic classifications. None of the observed differences proved useful in differentiation among these Ss.
Detection and compensation of rib structures in chest radiographs for diagnostic assistance

We developed a new method to compensate the rib structures in digital x-ray images. The intrinsic information of rib structures is eliminated and a higher image quality for the diagnosis of pulmonal structures is achieved. An essential task of the algorithm is the robust detection of the rib borders. In this paper we introduce three algorithms to perform this task. The first, introduced by Schreckenberg and Joswig, uses the hough transform to find rib borders, the second one uses a synergetic classifier to estimate the matching between rib edge templates and rib borders. The last one, the sinking lead algorithm, gives the best classification results by performing a matched template technique in combination with partial methods from the former two algorithms.
Long Non-coding RNAs (LncRNA) Regulated by Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) β

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNA) are emerging as key regulators in various biological processes. However, their role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) remains elusive. Results: A subset of lncRNAs are dysregulated upon transforming growth factor (TGF) β-induced EMT, and lncRNA-HIT mediates this process. Conclusion: LncRNAs such as lncRNA-HIT ((HOXA transcript induced by TGFβ) play a pivotal role in EMT and breast cancer progression. Significance: Here we profiled lncRNAs in TGFβ-induced EMT and identified a novel conserved lncRNA-HIT. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators in various biological processes. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental process hijacked by tumor cells to depart from the primary tumor site, invade surrounding tissue, and establish distant metastases. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling has been shown to be a major inducer of EMT and to facilitate breast cancer metastasis. However, the role of lncRNAs in this process remains largely unknown. Here we report a genome-wide lncRNA profile in mouse mammary epithelial NMuMG cells upon TGFβ induction of EMT. Among 10,802 lncRNAs profiled, over 600 were up-regulated and down-regulated during the EMT, respectively. Furthermore, we identify that lncRNA-HIT (HOXA transcript induced by TGFβ) mediates TGFβ function, i.e. depletion of lncRNA-HIT inhibits TGFβ-induced migration, invasion, and EMT in NMuMG. LncRNA-HIT is also significantly elevated in the highly metastatic 4T1 cells. Knockdown of lncRNA-HIT in 4T1 results in decrease of cell migration, invasion, tumor growth, and metastasis. E-cadherin was identified as a major target of lncRNA-HIT. Moreover, lncRNA-HIT is conserved in humans and elevated expression associates with more invasive human primary breast carcinoma. Collectively, these data suggest that a subset of lncRNAs such as lncRNA-HIT play a significant role in regulation of EMT and breast cancer invasion and metastasis, and could be potential therapeutic targets in breast cancers.
Classification of the guava wilt fungus Myxosporium psidii, the palm pathogen Gliocladium vermoesenii and the persimmon wilt fungus Acremonium diospyri in Nalanthamala.

Psidium guajava wilt is known from South Africa, Malaysia and Taiwan. The fungus causing this disease, Myxosporium psidii, forms dry chains of conidia on surfaces of pseudoparenchymatous sporodochia, which develop in blisters on bark. Similar sporodochia are characteristic of Nalanthamala madreeya, the type species of Nalanthamala. Nalanthamala, therefore, is the appropriate anamorph genus for Myxosporium psidii, while Myxosporium is a nomen nudum (based on M. croceum). For M. psidii the combination Nalanthamala psidii is proposed. Nalanthamala psidii, the palm pathogen Gliocladium (Penicillium) vermoesenii, another undescribed anamorphic species from palm, two species of Rubrinectria and the persimmon pathogen Acremonium diospyri are monophyletic and belong to the Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) based on partial nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) analyses. Rubrinectria, therefore, is the teleomorph of Nalanthamala, in which the anamorphs are classified as N. vermoesenii, N. diospyri or Nalanthamala sp. Nalanthamala squamicola, the only other Nalanthamala species, has affinities with the Bionectriaceae and is excluded from this group. Rubrinectria/Nalanthamala species form dimorphic conidiophores and conidia in culture. Fusiform, cylindrical, or allantoid conidia arise in colorless liquid heads on acremonium-like conidiophores; ovoidal conidia with somewhat truncated ends arise in long, persistent, dry chains on penicillate conidiophores. No penicillate but irregularly branched conidiophores were observed in N. diospyri. Conidia of N. psidii that are held in chains are shorter than those of N. madreeya, of which no living material is available. Nalanthamala psidii and N. diospyri are pathogenic specifically to their hosts. They form pale yellow to pale orange or brownish orange colonies, respectively, and more or less white conidial masses. Most strains of Rubrinectria sp. , Nalanthamala sp. and N. vermoesenii originate from palm hosts, form mostly greenish or olive-brown colonies and white-to-salmon conidial masses. They form a monophyletic clade to which Nalanthamala psidii and N. diospyri are related based on analyses of the internal transcribed spacer regions and 5.8S rDNA (ITS rDNA), LSU rDNA, and partial beta-tubulin gene. Few polymorphic sites in the ITS rDNA and beta-tubulin gene indicate that Nalanthamala psidii comprises two lineages, one of which has been detected only in South Africa.
A Publish/Subscribe Architecture for Sensor Networks and Applications

The rapid emergence of computation enabled sensors and the applications that consume the sensor data introduce the need of new software architecture to enable the rapid development of applications that depends on the data from multiple sensor networks. We present the subscribe/notification architecture for connecting a wide range of sensors, actuators and applications in a robust fashion. The data elements which are routed to one or more applications are generated from sensors inside of sensor networks whose internals can be hidden from participants. This architecture consists of an overlay network of well-connected dedicated machines that provide topic subscription, data stream routing and notification sending from sensors to applications. It also supports filtering and stream data buffering between sensors and applications. Under this architecture, the tight couple between sensor networks and its applications is broken, and instead the sensor networks are transparent to the application. Experiments show that this architecture is reasonable and achieves good result
Using the Character Development Model in the Group Counseling Context With a Court-Mandated Substance Abuse Client: A Clinical Report

Court-mandated substance-abusing clients often have years of use that has slowly eroded their character development. Substance abuse clients are particularly challenging because the use of substances often affects several life domains simultaneously. Group counseling has long been the mainstay of treatment for this population, and various interventions are available for therapists who practice group counseling. The study of character development is an emerging trend in three theoretical orientations—dynamic psychiatry, transpersonal psychiatry, and positive psychology (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). The authors present a self-assessment instrument, the Character Identity Inventory (Hall, 2006), which helps both therapist and client to identify strengths and weaknesses of character. The Character Identity Development Model (Hall) is an adaptation from the character development and positive psychology literature and can be used as a therapeutic framework to integrate the components of character development into group counseling. Use of this model with a court-mandated, treatment-resistant client is presented. Specific examples include how one of the authors (BK) was able to lower the client's resistance and increase motivation within the group setting.
Mitigation of reflection symmetry assumption and negative power problems for the model based decomposition

The assumption of reflection symmetry is one of the major deficiencies for the model based decompositions. The introduction of helix scattering component can mitigate the impact of this assumption limitedly, while it generates some new negative power problems simultaneously. In this paper, we expand the techniques of symmetric scatterer transformation in the Cameron and Huynen decompositions to the multi-look coherency matrix. Two new models of nonlinear programming problem are proposed to mitigate the reflection symmetry assumption and negative power problems for the model based decomposition. Experimental results in the L-band AIRSAR San Francisco data show that the two new models can reduce the correlations between co-polarized and cross-polarized channels to an insignificant level.
Progress on a Language Independent Approach to Question Answering

In this paper we report on the progress we have made in developing a unified framework for automatic factoid question answering (QA). Our approach to question answering has now been successfully applied to the five distinct languages of English, Japanese, Chinese, Swedish and Russian. These systems form the core of our multilingual web-based QA system which has been online since December 2005 and is publicly accessible at http:asked.jp. In this paper we discuss, in particular, the improvements we have made to the system in terms of answering response speed.
Phosphate regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification.

Vascular calcification is a common finding in atherosclerosis and a serious problem in diabetic and uremic patients. Because of the correlation of hyperphosphatemia and vascular calcification, the ability of extracellular inorganic phosphate levels to regulate human aortic smooth muscle cell (HSMC) culture mineralization in vitro was examined. HSMCs cultured in media containing normal physiological levels of inorganic phosphate (1.4 mmol/L) did not mineralize. In contrast, HSMCs cultured in media containing phosphate levels comparable to those seen in hyperphosphatemic individuals (>1.4 mmol/L) showed dose-dependent increases in mineral deposition. Mechanistic studies revealed that elevated phosphate treatment of HSMCs also enhanced the expression of the osteoblastic differentiation markers osteocalcin and Cbfa-1. The effects of elevated phosphate on HSMCs were mediated by a sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (NPC), as indicated by the ability of the specific NPC inhibitor phosphonoformic acid, to dose dependently inhibit phosphate-induced calcium deposition as well as osteocalcin and Cbfa-1 gene expression. With the use of polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analyses, the NPC in HSMCs was identified as Pit-1 (Glvr-1), a member of the novel type III NPCs. These data suggest that elevated phosphate may directly stimulate HSMCs to undergo phenotypic changes that predispose to calcification and offer a novel explanation of the phenomenon of vascular calcification under hyperphosphatemic conditions. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha. org.
Comparison of range of commercial or primary care led weight reduction programmes with minimal intervention control for weight loss in obesity: Lighten Up randomised controlled trial

Objective To assess the effectiveness of a range of weight management programmes in terms of weight loss. Design Eight arm randomised controlled trial. Setting Primary care trust in Birmingham, England. Participants 740 obese or overweight men and women with a comorbid disorder identified from general practice records. Interventions Weight loss programmes of 12 weeks’ duration: Weight Watchers; Slimming World; Rosemary Conley; group based, dietetics led programme; general practice one to one counselling; pharmacy led one to one counselling; choice of any of the six programmes. The comparator group was provided with 12 vouchers enabling free entrance to a local leisure (fitness) centre. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was weight loss at programme end (12 weeks). Secondary outcomes were weight loss at one year, self reported physical activity, and percentage weight loss at programme end and one year. Results Follow-up data were available for 658 (88.9%) participants at programme end and 522 (70.5%) at one year. All programmes achieved significant weight loss from baseline to programme end (range 1.37 kg (general practice) to 4.43 kg (Weight Watchers)), and all except general practice and pharmacy provision resulted in significant weight loss at one year. At one year, only the Weight Watchers group had significantly greater weight loss than did the comparator group (2.5 (95% confidence interval 0.8 to 4.2) kg greater loss,). The commercial programmes achieved significantly greater weight loss than did the primary care programmes at programme end (mean difference 2.3 (1.3 to 3.4) kg). The primary care programmes were the most costly to provide. Participants allocated to the choice arm did not have better outcomes than those randomly allocated to a programme. Conclusions Commercially provided weight management services are more effective and cheaper than primary care based services led by specially trained staff, which are ineffective. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN25072883.
A Comparison of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test with the Modified Card Sorting Test for Use with Older Adults

This study correlated the performance of 18 adults, 50 years old or older, on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and on a modification of the test, the Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST), in which all ambiguous response cards had been removed. This common modification is reportedly less stressful for the subjects and is easier to interpret unambiguously. Six of eight correlations were significant, including both measures sensitive to preservation. These findings suggest that the WCST and MCST are measuring alternative to the WCST to help reduve the stress experienced by elderly patients during typical neuropsycological assessments.
Isolation of active genes containing CAG repeats by DNA strand invasion by a peptide nucleic acid.

An amplification of tandem CAG trinucleotide sequences in DNA due to errors in DNA replication is involved in at least four hereditary neurodegenerative diseases. The CAG triplet repeats when translated into protein give rise to tracts of glutamine residues, which are a prominent feature of many transcription factors, including the TATA-binding protein of transcription factor TFIID. We have used a biotin-labeled, complementary peptide nucleic acid (PNA) to invade the CAG repeats in intact chromatin and then employed a method for the selective isolation of transcriptionally active chromatin restriction fragments containing the PNA.DNA hybrids. The PNA-containing chromatin fragments were captured on streptavidin-agarose magnetic beads and shown to contain all the CAG.PNA hybrids of the active chromatin fraction. DNA hybridization experiments using a DNA probe specific for unique sequences downstream of the CAG-tandem repeats confirmed that the PNA.DNA hybrids contained the transcribed gene for the TATA-binding protein. In contrast, no hybridization signal was detected with a DNA probe specific for the c-myc protooncogene, which is amplified and transcriptionally active in COLO 320DM cells but lacks CAG tandem repeats.
Automated Scoring of Short-Answer Reading Items: Implications for Constructs

This article examines how the use of automated scoring procedures for short-answer reading tasks can affect the constructs being assessed. In particular, it highlights ways in which the development of scoring algorithms intended to apply the criteria used by human raters can lead test developers to reexamine and even refine the constructs they wish to assess. The article also points out examples of ways in which attempting to replicate human rating behavior while avoiding incidental construct alteration can pinpoint areas of the automated scoring process requiring further development. The examples discussed in this article illustrate the central point that construct definitions should always guide the development of scoring algorithms while the process of developing and refining such algorithms requires more rigorous construct definitions and can potentially push us to refine our constructs.
Probabilistic Assessment of Voltage Stability Margin in Presence of Wind Speed Correlation

Probabilistic assessment of voltage stability margin (VSM) with existence of correlated wind speeds is investigated. Nataf transformation is adopted to establish wind speed correlation (WSC) model. Based on the saddle-node bifurcation transversality condition equations and Monte Carlo simulation technique, probability distribution of VSM is determined. With correlation coefficients range low to high value, the effect of WSC on VSM is studied. In addition, two risk indexes are proposed and the possible threat caused by WSC is evaluated from the viewpoint of risk analysis. Experimental results show that the presence of correlated wind speeds is harmful to safe and stable operation of a power system as far as voltage stability is concerned. The achievement of this paper gives a detailed elaboration about the influence of WSC on voltage stability and provides a potentially effective analytical tool for modern power system with large-scale wind power sources integration.
Myeloid Takl Acts as a Negative Regulator of the LPS Response and Mediates Resistance to Endotoxemia

TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family, is considered a key intermediate in a multitude of innate immune signaling pathways. Yet, the specific role of TAK1 in the myeloid compartment during inflammatory challenges has not been revealed. To address this question, we generated myeloid-specific kinase-dead TAK1 mutant mice. TAK1 deficiency in macrophages results in impaired NF-κB and JNK activation upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, TAK1-deficient macrophages and neutrophils show an enhanced inflammatory cytokine profile in response to LPS stimulation. Myeloid-specific TAK1 deficiency in mice leads to increased levels of circulating IL-1β, TNF and reduced IL-10 after LPS challenge and sensitizes them to LPS-induced endotoxemia. These results highlight an antiinflammatory role for myeloid TAK1, which is essential for balanced innate immune responses and host survival during endotoxemia.
Irritation at School: Reasons To Initiate Strain Management Earlier

Organizational research provides many tested stressor–strain relationships in the workforce. To a lesser extent, it has been researched whether strain may already be present before the commencement of employment. The final years of school may be experienced as straining, because the need to perform well to obtain further education and, therefore, job opportunities, is often intense. To explore this, a scale measuring irritation, a well-documented concept of psychological strain at work, was adapted to the situation of school adolescents. Samples from 2 Swiss schools (n 1,310 and n 301) were obtained to study (a) the reliability of the adapted irritation scale, (b) the relationships between school stressors and irritation, (c) the moderating influences of self-efficacy on the relationship between stressors and irritation, and (d) the mediating effect of irritation in the relationship between stressors and other psychological impairments. These hypotheses were in line with results from organizational stress research. Results indicate the same mechanisms at play as those found in occupational stress research studies and implications with regard to stress interventions at school are discussed.