Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing an Adaptive Treatment Strategy for Peer-Related Social Skills for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

The purpose of this study was to understand the trajectories of children's response to an intervention prior to the end of the treatment in order to inform adaptive treatment models for future studies. Participants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were drawn from a randomized controlled trial comparing 2 different social skills interventions at children's schools. We excluded children with ASD who entered the study with at least 80% time engaged (the average time of neurotypical children in the same classes) in order to examine only those who were engaged below the typical developing peers' average percentage of time engaged. The final sample included 92 children with ASD (82% male, average age = 8.14 years, average IQ = 89.6). We explored whether playground engagement scores measured at entry and midpoint of treatment predicted their engagement scores at end of treatment using the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) method. Using the CART approach, 4 meaningful subgroups based on children's playground engagement scores measured at entry and changes from entry to midpoint were identified. These data suggest that measurements of children's behavior midstudy can be used to predict children's treatment outcomes. Such data may be used to inform decisions to augment or alter programming prior to treatment end in order to tailor intervention to best meet the needs of individual children.
An Empirical Study of Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning Techniques for Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting

This paper presents our work on building a small-footprint keyword spotting system for a resource-limited language, which requires low CPU, memory and latency. Our keyword spotting system consists of deep neural network (DNN) and hidden Markov model (HMM), which is a hybrid DNN-HMM decoder. We investigate different transfer learning techniques to leverage knowledge and data from a resource-abundant source language to improve the keyword DNN training for a target language which has limited in-domain data. The approaches employed in this paper include training a DNN using source language data to initialize the target language DNN training, mixing data from source and target languages together in a multi-task DNN training setup, using logits computed from a DNN trained on the source language data to regularize the keyword DNN training in the target language, as well as combinations of these techniques. Given different amounts of target language training data, our experimental results show that these transfer learning techniques successfully improve keyword spotting performance for the target language, measured by the area under the curve (AUC) of DNN-HMM decoding detection error tradeoff (DET) curves using a large in-house far-field test set.
Determinants of the place of death among terminally ill cancer patients under home hospice care in Japan

Although the place of death of patients with terminal cancer is influenced by multiple factors, few studies have systematically investigated its determinants. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the patientsflsociodemographic, clinical and support network variables on the place of death of terminally ill cancer patients under the care of home care agencies in Japan. Among 528 patients from 259 home care agencies, 342 (65%) died at home and 186 (35%) died at a hospital. From the multivariate logistic regression model, patients who expressed the desire for receiving home care at referral [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.19, 1.09-4.40] in addition to the family caregiver's desire for the same (OR, 95%CI: 3.19, 1.75-5.81), who had more than one family caregiver (OR, 95%CI: 2.28, 1.05-4.94), who had the support of their family physician (OR, 95%CI: 2.23, 1.21-4.08), who were never rehospitalized (OR, 95%CI: 0.04, 0.02-0.07), who received more home visits by the home hospice nurse during the stable phase under home hospice care (OR, 95%CI: 1.25, 1.02-1.53), and who were in the greatest functionally dependent status during the last week prior to death (OR, 95%CI: 8.60, 4.97-14.89) were more likely to die at home. Overall, this model could accurately classify 95% of the places of death, which is higher than other published studies. A clearer understanding of factors that might influence the place of death of terminally ill cancer patients would allow healthcare professionals to modify healthcare systems and tailor effective interventions to help patients die at their place of preference.
Morphometrical analysis in ulcerative colitis with dysplasia and carcinoma

Semi‐automatic image analysis was used to assess the epithelium in ulcerative colitis with dysplasia and carcinoma. There were three main sources of variation within the dataset: (1) nuclear size, nuclear cytoplasmic ratio and nuclear stratification; (2) the variation of nuclear size; and (3) nuclear shape and polarity. Discriminant analysis chose the mean nuclear cytoplasmic ratio % and the coefficient of variation of nucleus to cell apex distance to derive a scoring system which completely separated normal mucosa (n=20) and carcinoma (n=30). The classification rule allocated all high grade dysplasia to the tumour category. Scores for regeneration and low grade dysplasia overlapped with each other and the normal and tumour groups. Scatter plots of the two discriminating variables showed good separation of regeneration and high grade dysplasia, and a degree of overlap with low grade dysplasia. The scatter plots allowed identification of overlapping and misallocated cases, requiring review of their histology and redesignation of the diagnosis in five cases. This study confirms quantitatively the visual criteria used in grading mucosal changes and their trend from regeneration through dysplasia to carcinoma. It underlines the necessity of assessing not only cytological but also architectural and inflammatory components when diagnosing regeneration and low grade dysplasia. Mucosal morphometry may be of use in confirming high grade dysplasia which is an indication for colectomy.
Analysis of maternal–offspring HLA compatibility, parent‐of‐origin and non‐inherited maternal effects for the classical HLA loci in type 1 diabetes

Aim: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex trait for which variation in the classical human leucocyte antigen (HLA) loci within the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) significantly influences disease risk. To date, HLA class II DR‐DQ genes confer the strongest known genetic effect in T1D. HLA loci may also influence T1D through additional inherited or non‐inherited effects. Evidence for the role of increased maternal–offspring HLA compatibility, and both parent‐of‐origin (POO) and non‐inherited maternal HLA (NIMA) effects in autoimmune disease has been previously established. The current study tested hypotheses that classical HLA loci influence T1D through these mechanisms, in addition to genetic transmission of particular risk alleles.
Have we overcome the complications of laparoscopic nephrectomy? A prospective, cohort study using the modified Clavien–Dindo scale

Introduction: Apart from the complexity of procedure and surgeon's experience, surgical complication rates depend on case definition and method of recording data. We prospectively evaluated the complications of laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN) in a current cohort of patients, graded on the modified Clavien–Dindo (CD) scale and compared them with historical cohorts. Methods: In the Institutional Review Board approved protocol, all patients undergoing LN over a 30-month were enrolled in the study. Clinical parameters, operative data, inhospital course, and 30-day follow-up were recorded prospectively in an electronic database by a resident who did not perform any of the surgeries. The complications were analyzed using the CD scale. Results: A total of 103 patients (age 14–80 years) underwent LN (30 radical, 73 simple) during the study period. Forty-three of these procedures were for inflammatory conditions (stone disease or tuberculosis). Six procedures were converted to open surgery due to vascular injury (2), bowel injury (1), and adhesions (3). There were 45 (46%) complications in the 97 procedures completed laparoscopically including 34 low-grade (CD grade 1, 2) and 11 high-grade (CD grade 3, 4) complications. There was no mortality. Complications were similar in patients undergoing surgery for inflammatory or noninflammatory conditions. Conclusions: LN continues to be associated with postoperative complications in 46% of cases. However, the complication rates appear to be higher than historical series, possibly due to the more rigorous case-definition and prospective recording.
On the Efficient Beam-Forming Training for 60GHz Wireless Personal Area Networks

In this article, we suggest an efficient beam switching technique for the emerging 60GHz wireless personal area networks. Given the pre-specified beam codebooks, the beam switching process, aiming to identify the best beam-pair for data transmissions, is formulated as a global optimization problem in a two-dimension plane that is formed by the potential beam pattern index. As the analytical gradient information of the objective reward function is practically unavailable, Rosenbrock numerical algorithm is properly adopted to implement beam searching, by implicitly approaching and exploiting the gradient descent direction through the numerical pattern-search mechanic. In order to enhance search performance, furthermore, a novel initialization process is presented to provide the feasible initial solution for Rosenbrock search. Inspired by the appealing conception of small-region dividing and conquering, this pre-search algorithm can efficiently reduce the search scope and hence improve the success probability. The developed beam switching technique, i.e. an initialization process followed by Rosenbrock search, exhibits a much lower complexity than the current state-of-the-art strategies. It is demonstrated from both theoretical analysis and numerical experiments that, compared with the existing popular methods, the required protocol overhead of the new beam-training procedure can be significantly reduced, accompanying the power consumption of 60GHz devices.
Multiple LSB data hiding based on pixel value and MSB value

Steganography is an art of secret data communications. Its main purpose is to hide the occurrence of communication over a public channel. Steganography tends to hide the very existence of the message or communication in any form. Hiding the occurrence of communication can be done by embedding a secret message into an innocent cover medium, such as an image, which no one else other than the sender and the recipient can suspect. There could be some important data that need to be protected during transmission. Therefore, how to protect the secret messages during transmission becomes an important research issue. In this paper authors going to discuss about Multiple LSB (least significant bit) base algorithm and check quality of image. In this paper authors equipment some new techniques of Multiple LSB and discuss some issue related to attacks.
Lumbofemoral Rhythm During Hip Flexion in Young Adults and Children

Study Design. A two-group experimental design with repeated measures on one factor was used. Objective. To describe the relation between movement of the hip and lumbar spine during active hip flexion in healthy young adults and children. Summary of Background Data. Many descriptions of hip movement and procedures for clinically assessing the range of hip joint flexion do not take into account the substantive range of lumbar spine motion that normally accompanies hip flexion. Posterior pelvic rotation, representative of lumbar flexion during hip flexion, has been incorrectly regarded as a compensatory movement. Methods. Unilateral full range active hip (knee) flexion was examined using computer-aided video analysis in 22 healthy young adults and 22 healthy children. Results. Except for the first 3° to 5° of the upward movement of hip flexion, hip and lumbar spine motion was concurrent in both phases of the test movement in children and adults. On the average, every 3° of hip motion was accompanied by 1° of lumbar motion. Throughout the upward movement, the relative contribution of hip movement decreased while that of the lumbar spine increased. During the downward movement, the hip returned nearly to its original starting position while the lumbar spine remained noticeably flexed. Conclusions. There is a concurrent motion of the lumbar spine–pelvis and hip during normal hip flexion that is analogous with the well-known scapulohumeral rhythm accompanying elevation of the shoulder. Failure to measure or account for the contribution of the lumbar spine to hip flexion could overestimate the range of hip flexion by as much as 33.3%.
Organic carbon biostimulates rapid rhizodegradation of perchlorate

Previous hydroponics and field studies identified phytodegradation and rhizodegradation as the two main mechanisms by which plants metabolize perchlorate. Plant uptake and phytodegradation of perchlorate is a slower and undesired process that poses ecological risks resulting from phytoaccumulation of some fraction of the perchlorate. Meanwhile, rhizodegradation is a more rapid and favored process involving perchlorate‐degrading bacteria utilizing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) as a carbon and energy (electron) source to rapidly degrade perchlorate to innocuous chloride. In the present study, rhizodegradation of perchlorate by willow trees (Salix nigra) was biostimulated using electron sources obtained from natural and artificial carbon sources. In bioreactors provided with carbon sources as 500 mg/L DOC, 25 to 40 mg/L of initial perchlorate concentrations were removed to below the ion chromatography method detection limit of 2 μg/L in approximately 9 d. For planted controls provided with no electron donors, the time required for the complete removal of the same doses of perchlorate was up to 70 d. Enhancement of rhizodegradation by organic carbon reduced the phytoaccumulated fraction of perchlorate by an order of magnitude from approximately 430 to 20 mg/ kg. The implication of the present study is that the high fraction uptake and phytoaccumulation of perchlorate in agricultural products and the recycling of perchlorate into the ecosystem can be significantly curtailed by supplying electron donors derived from organic carbon sources to the root zone of plants.
Viral appropriation of apoptotic and NF‐κB signaling pathways

Viruses utilize a variety of strategies to evade the host immune response and replicate in the cells they infect. The comparatively large genomes of the Orthopoxviruses and gammaherpesviruses encode several immunomodulatory proteins that are homologous to component of the innate immune system of host cells, which are reviewed here. However, the viral mechanisms used to survive host responses are quite distinct between these two virus families. Poxviruses undergo continuous lytic replication in the host cytoplasm while expressing many genes that inhibit innate immune responses. In contrast, herpesviruses persist in a latent state during much of their lifecycle while expressing only a limited number of relatively non‐immunogenic viral proteins, thereby avoiding the adaptive immune response. Poxviruses suppress, whereas latent gammaherpesviruses activate, signaling by NF‐κB, yet both viruses target similar host signaling pathways to suppress the apoptotic response. Here, modulation of apoptotic and NF‐κB signal transduction pathways are examined as examples of common pathways appropriated in contrasting ways by herpesviruses and poxviruses. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Role of Autonomy Needs in Suicidal Ideation: Integrating the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide and Self-Determination Theory

This study investigated the role of autonomy satisfaction in the development of suicidal ideation by integrating two theoretical models of suicide-related behaviors. The first hypothesized a direct effect of autonomy on suicidal ideation. The second hypothesized an indirect effect of autonomy on suicidal ideation via perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. This was a cross-sectional study of 449 college students, who were predominantly female (73.1%) and Hispanic (70.6%), with a mean age of 20.40 years (SD = 4.38, range 18–50 years). Participants were recruited from a psychology participant pool and completed self-report survey measures for course credit. The model of indirect effects provided the best fit to the data; relatedness, autonomy, and competence were significantly associated with higher thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, which, in turn, were significantly associated with higher suicidal ideation. Future studies should test this model longitudinally and consider autonomy as a possible avenue for the prevention of suicide-related behaviors.
Causes and Consequences of Boom-Bust Cycles in Natural Gas Production Assets Investments

Global energy markets have recently experienced a series of major disruptions. Among them, the natural gas sector has shown significant market developments through the structural transformation occurring in the United States. There, the exploitation of shale gas resources leads the country toward a possible energy self-sufficiency, a situation which was hardly imaginable a couple of years ago. While the Henry Hub spot price recently hit historical lows, the return to more regular market conditions is of great interest for the whole natural gas industry. This evolution raises legitimate questions about the relevance and the efficiency of current market modeling tools to generate reliable forecasts to ensure the medium and long term sustainability of investments made in recent times. Up to now, most of natural gas models used to generate market forecasts by preliminary assuming that this market stands in a static state of equilibrium. By construction, these models are unable to foresee or at least to analyze situations where the market would deviate from the assumed static equilibrium. Nevertheless, recent efforts have conducted to the development of innovative theories and models which endeavor to exceed these limitations. This paper relies on an innovative simulation model combining the concepts of path-dependence and independent agent behaviors in order to represent the natural gas market as a dynamic and complex evolving system. In particular, this approach provides the necessary framework to exhibit emergence phenomenon such as business cycles in natural gas production assets. The paper describes the step by step characterization of a series of successive boom-bust cycles in natural gas production assets investment by providing an accurate and quantitative analysis of their causes and consequences. The results reveal in which extent choices made by independent economic agents may lead the market toward oversized periods of expansion and, therefore, the contraction periods which follow. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of ENGIE. 2 Nevertheless, the model shows that the intelligent reading of these market dynamics may allow a minority of players to capture the value lost by the majority within these harsh business cycles. The model highlights the fact that the combination of choices made by independent economic agents might inherently engender market disequilibrium. Thus, this kind of study aims at helping decision makers in the natural gas sector and political leaders to better understand their economic environment. Lastly, by generating endogenous market disequilibrium, this approach tends to complete other market modeling systems which focus on the dynamic market reaction and adaptation to exogenous shocks.
Techniques for sperm immobilization test.

Several semiquantitative, quantitative, and microassay techniques had been developed to detect antibodies bound to human spermatozoa: sperm agglutination test (SAT), sperm immobilization test (SIT), immunofluorescence test, radioantiglobulin test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), mixed erythrocyte-spermatozoa antiglobulin reaction (MAR), "Panning" test, and immunobead test (IBT). Clinical application of these techniques include (a) detection of sperm immobilizing antibodies in sera of sterile women, (b) follow-up study of sperm immobilizing antibodies, and (c) detection of sperm immobilizing antibodies in cervical mucus and other secretions. The chemical structure of antigen epitope corresponding to Mab H6-3C4 may recognize the internally located repetitive unbranched N-acetyllactosamine structure, regardless of terminal substitution at Gal (i.e., sialyl-i as well as i structure). The majority of sperm-immobilization (SI) positive women's sera were absorbed with carbohydrate components on ejaculated sperm, but only one serum competed with Mab H6-3C4 on binding to sperm except a serum from whom lymphocytes were donated to make Mab H6-3C4. The SI agglutinating antibodies (Abs) in women's sera were raised to the carbohydrate epitopes of glycoprotein in HSP, but epitopes might have several different conformational structures. Studies are in progress to find whether or not SI-Abs could be generated to peptide epitope of human seminal plasma (HSP) or sperm.
Selective Metal-Assisted Oxidative Cleavage of a C-N Bond: Synthesis and Characterization of the Mononuclear Iron(III) [Fe(BPG)Cl(2)] Complex and Its Two [Fe(BPA)Cl(3)] and [Fe(BPE)Cl(3)] Derivatives.

A new example of a site-selective metal-assisted oxidative cleavage of a C-N bond is reported. This phenomenon occurs in the nitrogen-centered tetradentate tripodal BPG ligand (BPG = (bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino)acetate), which combines one carboxylate and two pyridines as pendant groups, when coordinated to iron(III). The corresponding iron(III) [Fe(BPG)Cl(2)] complex (1) is transformed to the iron(III) [Fe(BPA)Cl(3)] complex (2) with the tridentate BPA ligand (BPA = bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) retaining only two pyridine pendant groups, while the initial BPG carboxylate group is transformed to glyoxylic acid. The [Fe(BPA)Cl(3)] complex (2) has been fully characterized as well as another, [Fe(BPE)Cl(3)] (3), formed with the tridentate BPE ligand (BPE = methyl (bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino)acetate) which, in addition to two pyridines, presents an ester group. The crystal structures of these two complexes have been resolved. The asymmetric unit of complex 2 has been characterized by two mononuclear neutral molecules linked by two hydrogen bonds. (Crystal data for 2: orthorhombic, Pna2(1), a = 15.603(8) Å, b = 8.485(4) Å, c = 22.752(11) Å, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees, V = 3012(3) Å(3), Z = 8, R = 0.0582 [2813 reflections with I > 2sigma(I)], and R(w) = 0.1430. ) Complex 3 is symmetric with the iron center, the amine nitrogen, one choride and the three atoms of the carboxylate group in special positions in the mirror plane. (Crystal data for 3: orthorhombic, Pmn2(1), a = 10.418(4) Å, b = 12.952(5) Å, c = 7.353(3) Å, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees, V = 992.2(7) Å(3), Z = 2, R = 0.0500 [513 reflections with I > 2sigma(I)], and R(w) = 0.1231. ) Redox potentials corroborate the structural features (E degrees = -38 mV for 1, -19 mV for 2, and +145 mV for 3 vs SCE in acetonitrile). Preliminary studies of the [Fe(BPG)Cl(2)] complex have shown that it reacts in its reduced form with dioxygen.