Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cone beam computed tomography as diagnostic modality in temporomandibular disorders: A report of four cases

A considerable number of people suffer from temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Detailed history and clinical examination are essential for diagnosing TMJ disorders. Diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is based on clinical and radiographic investigations, where the latter is an important part of the clinical diagnosis. There are varieties of imaging techniques modalities to visualize TMJ ranging that include TMJ projections such as transpharyngeal view, transcranial view, orthopantomography, and conventional tomographic sections of TMJ. The TMJ disorders are frequently associated with degenerative bone changes such as flattening, erosion, osteophytes, subchondral bone sclerosis, pseudophytes, and articular eminence pneumatization which can be challenging to detect on conventional radiographs. Due to superimposition of the anatomic structures, accurate evaluation of the TMJ by conventional radiography is limited. To overcome this limitation, advanced modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, arthrography and conventional computed tomography (CT) have been used for TMJ imaging for evaluating the joint space and the position of the condyle within the glenoid fossa. Accurate evaluation of the TMJ by conventional radiography is limited by structure superimposition. CT has been extensively used and proven imaging modality to assess the contours of the cortical bone and TMJ dynamics for evaluating the osseous changes in TMJ; however, high cost, large radiation dose, and long scanning time pose severe limitations. Due to high spatial resolution characteristics along with comparatively low dose, cone beam CT (CBCT) is an emerging technique that is being widely used in maxillofacial imaging. It is superior to conventional radiographic techniques in detecting bony TMJ changes because it detects three-dimensionally the bony structures with accuracy and involves a very slight increase in dosage of radiation when compared with the newer digital panoramic imaging and cephalometric imaging. Hence, a study of 4 cases of TMJ disorders that have been diagnosed with the help of CBCT has been presented in this article.
Remote sensing detection of nutrient uptake in vineyards using narrow-band hyperspectral imagery

This manuscript delves further into the assessment of narrow-band vegetation indices derived from hyperspectral imagery acquired at 1 m spatial resolution with the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI). Narrow-band indices proposed in this study were assessed as indicators of biochemical and structural parameters in Vitis vinifera L. , observing their relationships with foliar variables such as N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mg and chlorophyll a+b concentration (C a+b ). Hyperspectral indices were assessed to study their capability for vegetation condition monitoring as a function of fertilization treatments applied (basically extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed and chelates), showing associations with field variables. Narrow-band vegetation indices displayed sensitivity to vineyard growth and condition as a function of seaweed fertilization and other supplementary mineral correctors, such as chelates. This work shows the interest of using new narrow-band hyperspectral remote sensing indices for vineyard monitoring due to their potential to indicate physiological condition.
Molecular size cutoff criteria for screening bioaccumulation potential: Fact or fiction?

It has been asserted that, when screening chemicals for bioaccumulation potential, molecular size cutoff criteria (or indicators) can be applied above which no, or limited, bioaccumulation is expected. The suggested molecular size values have increased over time as more measurements have become available. Most of the proposed criteria have been derived from unevaluated fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) data, and less than 5% of existing organic substances have measured BCFs. We critically review the proposed criteria, first by considering other factors that may also contribute to reduced bioaccumulation for larger molecules, namely, reduced bioavailability in the water column, reduced rate of uptake corresponding to reduced diffusion rates, and the effects of biotransformation and growth dilution. An evaluated BCF and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) database for more than 700 substances and dietary uptake efficiency data are compared against proposed cutoff values. We examine errors associated with interpreting BCF data, particularly for developing molecular size criteria of bioaccumulation potential. Reduced bioaccumulation that is often associated with larger molecular size can be explained by factors other than molecular size, and there is evidence of absorption of molecules exceeding the proposed cutoff criteria. The available data do not support strict cutoff criteria, indicating that the proposed values are incorrect. Rather than assessing bioaccumulation using specific chemical properties in isolation, holistic methods that account for competing rates of uptake and elimination in an organism are recommended. An integrated testing strategy is suggested to improve knowledge of the absorption and bioaccumulation of large substances. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2010;6:210–224. © 2009 SETAC
Accuracy of Brain Multimodal Monitoring to Detect Cerebral Hypoperfusion After Traumatic Brain Injury*

Objective:To examine the accuracy of brain multimodal monitoring—consisting of intracranial pressure, brain tissue PO2, and cerebral microdialysis—in detecting cerebral hypoperfusion in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Design:Prospective single-center study. Patients:Patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Setting:Medico-surgical ICU, university hospital. Intervention:Intracranial pressure, brain tissue PO2, and cerebral microdialysis monitoring (right frontal lobe, apparently normal tissue) combined with cerebral blood flow measurements using perfusion CT. Measurements and Main Results:Cerebral blood flow was measured using perfusion CT in tissue area around intracranial monitoring (regional cerebral blood flow) and in bilateral supra-ventricular brain areas (global cerebral blood flow) and was matched to cerebral physiologic variables. The accuracy of intracranial monitoring to predict cerebral hypoperfusion (defined as an oligemic regional cerebral blood flow < 35 mL/100 g/min) was examined using area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves. Thirty perfusion CT scans (median, 27 hr [interquartile range, 20–45] after traumatic brain injury) were performed on 27 patients (age, 39 yr [24–54 yr]; Glasgow Coma Scale, 7 [6–8]; 24/27 [89%] with diffuse injury). Regional cerebral blood flow correlated significantly with global cerebral blood flow (Pearson r = 0.70, p < 0.01). Compared with normal regional cerebral blood flow (n = 16), low regional cerebral blood flow (n = 14) measurements had a higher proportion of samples with intracranial pressure more than 20 mm Hg (13% vs 30%), brain tissue PO2 less than 20 mm Hg (9% vs 20%), cerebral microdialysis glucose less than 1 mmol/L (22% vs 57%), and lactate/pyruvate ratio more than 40 (4% vs 14%; all p < 0.05). Compared with intracranial pressure monitoring alone (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.61–0.87]), monitoring intracranial pressure + brain tissue PO2 (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, 0.84 [0.74–0.93]) or intracranial pressure + brain tissue PO2+ cerebral microdialysis (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, 0.88 [0.79–0.96]) was significantly more accurate in predicting low regional cerebral blood flow (both p < 0.05). Conclusion:Brain multimodal monitoring—including intracranial pressure, brain tissue PO2, and cerebral microdialysis—is more accurate than intracranial pressure monitoring alone in detecting cerebral hypoperfusion at the bedside in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and predominantly diffuse injury.
Protecting Critical Files Using Target-Based Virtual Machine Introspection Approach

Protecting critical files in operating system is very important to system security. With the increasing adoption of Virtual Machine Introspection (VMI), designing VMI-based monitoring tools become a preferential choice with promising features, such as isolation, stealthiness and quick recovery from crash. However, these tools inevitably introduce high overhead due to their operation-based characteristic. Specifically, they need to intercept some file operations to monitor critical files once the operations are executed, regardless of whether the files are critical or not. It is known that file operation is high-frequency, so operation-based methods often result in performance degradation seriously. Thus, in this paper we present CFWatcher, a target-based real-time monitoring solution to protect critical files by leveraging VMI techniques. As a target-based scheme, CFWatcher constraints the monitoring into the operations that are accessing target files defined by users. Consequently, the overhead depends on the frequency of target files being accessed instead of the whole filesystem, which dramatically reduces the overhead. To validate our solution, a prototype system is built on Xen with full virtualization, which not only is able to monitor both Linux and Windows virtual machines, but also can take actions to prevent unauthorized access according to predefined policies. Through extensive evaluations, the experimental results demonstrate that the overhead introduced by CFWatcher is acceptable. Especially, the overhead is very low in the case of a few target files. key words: Monitoring, VMI, target-based, filesystem
Crowding Out or Crowding in? The Economic Consequences of Financing Government Deficits

The prevailing view of the economic consequences of financing government deficits, as reflected in the recent economics literature and in recent public policy debates, reflects serious misunderstandings. Debt-financed deficits need not "crowd out" any private investment, and may even "crowd in" some. Using a model including three assets - money, government bonds, and real capital - the analysis in this paper shows that the direction of the portfolio effect of bond issuing on private investment depends on the relative substitutabilities among these three assets in the public's aggregate portfolio. Since the all-important substitutabilities that make the difference between "crowding out" and "crowding in" are determined in part by the government's choice of debt instrument for financing the deficit, this analysis points to the potential importance of a policy tool that public policy discussion has largely neglected for over a decade - debt management policy. When monetary policy is non-accommodative, within limits debt management policy can take its place in augmenting the potency of fiscal policy, or in improving the trade-off between short-run stimulation and investment for long-run growth.
Functional MR imaging of confounded hypofrontality

Comparatively reduced blood flow to frontal brain regions in patients with schizophrenia (hypofrontality) has been frequently observed in the last 25 years. However, there is an inconstant quality to hypofrontality, suggesting either confounded observation of a static (trait‐like) abnormality, or that it is a genuinely dynamic (state‐like) phenomenon. Possible confounds in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of hypofrontality are classified. Methods for assessment and correction of stimulus correlated motion (an extracerebral confound) are reviewed in the context of fMRI data acquired from five schizophrenic patients and five comparison subjects during performance of a verbal fluency task. Factorial analysis of these and other data, acquired from the same subjects during a semantic decision task, is used to exclude a number of possible intracerebral confounds. By analogy to the historical controversy concerning the appearance of the planet Saturn viewed through early telescopes, understanding the inconstancy of hypofrontality in schizophrenia is likely to progress more by theoretically driven experiments that exploit the repeatability of fMRI than by further technological development alone. Hum. Brain Mapping 8:86–91, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal Sizing of Photovoltaic Generation in Radial Distribution Systems Using Lagrange Multipliers

The integration of renewable distributed generation into distribution systems has been studied comprehensively, due to the potential benefits, such as the reduction of energy losses and mitigation of the environmental impacts resulting from power generation. The problem of minimizing energy losses in distribution systems and the methods used for optimal integration of the renewable distributed generation have been the subject of recent studies. The present study proposes an analytical method which addresses the problem of sizing the nominal power of photovoltaic generation, connected to the nodes of a radial distribution feeder. The goal of this method is to minimize the total energy losses during the daily insolation period, with an optimization constraint consisting in the energy flow in the slack bus, conditioned to the energetic independence of the feeder. The sizing is achieved from the photovoltaic generation capacity and load factors, calculated in time intervals defined in the typical production curve of a photovoltaic unit connected to the distribution system. The analytical method has its foundations on Lagrange multipliers and relies on the Gauss-Jacobi method to make the resulting equation system solution feasible. This optimization method was evaluated on the IEEE 37-bus test system, from which the scenarios of generation integration were considered. The obtained results display the optimal sizing as well as the energy losses related to additional power and the location of the photovoltaic generation in distributed generation integration scenarios.
Design of a fuzzy observer for Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model for fault detection and isolation

This paper addresses the design of an unknown input fuzzy observer for Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model subject to unknown inputs. The main contribution of the paper is the development of a robust fuzzy observer in presence of disturbances. Based on Lyapunov function, it is shown how to determine observers gains in linear matrix inequalities (LMI). The proposed T-S observer is used for detection and isolation of faults which can affect a nonlinear models. The validity of the proposed methodology is illustrated by estimating the yaw rate and the fault of automatic steering vehicle.
A reliable and accurate approach to assess NBTI behavior of state-of-the-art pMOSFETs with fast-WLR

NBTI is a key challenge of today's technologies and could be assessed so far only by relative long stress durations. The On-the-fly characterization seems to be a proper method for fast-WLR, but shows also some problems. This work describes for the first time the application of OTF in combination with self-heating test structures and a method to correct the initial value without special equipment. Challenges and different solutions are introduced and discussed. We compare data from very fast non standard measurements with fWLR data acquired with regular test equipment. The insight we gained suggests that fWLR provides a suitable means for fast NBTI monitoring.
Magnetoencephalographic gamma power reduction in patients with schizophrenia during resting condition

Objective: The “default network” represents a baseline condition of brain function and is of interest in schizophrenia research because its component brain regions are believed to be aberrant in the disorder. We hypothesized that magnetoencephalographic (MEG) source localization analysis would reveal abnormal resting activity within particular frequency bands in schizophrenia. Experimental Design: Eyes‐closed resting state MEG signals were collected for two comparison groups. Patients with schizophrenia (N = 38) were age‐gender matched with healthy control subjects (N = 38), and with a group of unmedicated unaffected siblings of patients with schizophrenia (N = 38). To localize 3D‐brain regional differences, synthetic aperture magnetometry was calculated across established frequency bands as follows: delta (0.9–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–14 Hz), beta (14–30 Hz), gamma (30–80 Hz), and super‐gamma (80–150 Hz). Principle Observations: Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly reduced activation in the gamma frequency band in the posterior region of the medial parietal cortex. As a group, unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients also showed significantly reduced activation in the gamma bandwidth across similar brain regions. Moreover, using the significant region for the patients and examining the gamma band power gave an odds ratio of 6:1 for reductions of two standard deviations from the mean. This suggests that the measure might be the basis of an intermediate phenotype. Conclusions: MEG resting state analysis adds to the evidence that schizophrenic patients experience this condition very differently than healthy controls. Whether this baseline difference relates to network abnormalities remains to be seen. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Adductor Canal Block Versus Femoral Nerve Block on Quadriceps Strength and Fall Risk: A Blinded, Randomized Trial of Volunteers

Background and Objectives Adductor canal block (ACB) has been suggested as an analgesic alternative to femoral nerve block (FNB) for procedures on the knee, but its effect on quadriceps motor function is unclear. We performed a randomized, blinded study to compare quadriceps strength following adductor canal versus FNB in volunteers. Our hypothesis was that quadriceps strength would be preserved following ACB, but not FNB. Secondary outcomes included relative preservation of hip adduction and degree of balance impairment. Methods The ACB was performed in one leg and the FNB in the contralateral leg in 16 volunteers using a randomized block sequence. For all blocks, 15 mL of 3% chloroprocaine was injected under ultrasonographic guidance. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction of knee extension and hip adduction was measured at baseline and at 30 and 60 minutes after block. After 60-minute assessments were complete, the second block was placed. A test of balance (Berg Balance Scale) was performed 30 minutes after the first block only. Results Quadriceps strength and balance scores were similar to baseline following ACB. Following FNB, there was a significant reduction in quadriceps strength (95.1% ± 17.1% vs 11.1% ± 14.0%; P < 0.0001) and balance scores (56 ± 0 vs 37 ± 17.2; P = 0.02) compared with baseline. There was no difference in hip adductor strength (97.0% ± 10.8% vs 91.8% ± 9.6%; P = 0.17). Conclusions Compared with FNB, ACB results in significant quadriceps motor sparing and significantly preserved balance.
Comparison of the Distortion of Probability Information in Decision Under Risk and an Equivalent Visual Task

Decision makers typically overweight small probabilities and underweight large probabilities. However, there are recent reports that when probability is presented in the form of relative frequencies, this typical pattern reverses. We tested this hypothesis by comparing decision making in two tasks: In one task, probability was stated numerically, and in the other task, it was conveyed through a visual representation. In the visual task, participants chose whether a “stochastic bullet” should be fired at either a large target for a small reward or a small target for a large reward. Participants’ knowledge of probability in the visual task was the result of extensive practice firing bullets at targets. In the classical numerical task, participants chose between pairs of lotteries with probabilities and rewards matched to the probabilities and rewards in the visual task. We found that participants’ probability-weighting functions were significantly different in the two tasks, but the pattern for the visual task was the typical, not the reversed, pattern.
Genetic Variants in the ADIPOQ Gene and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Case‐Control Study of a Chinese Han population

Our aim was to investigate whether the ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms are associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Genotypes of MetS patients (n= 1049) and normal controls (n= 1092) were analysed by TaqMan® assay, and serum adiponectin concentration was measured by ELISA. The variant genotypes rs266729CG; rs1063539GC, GC/CC; rs16861205AA and rs7649121AT, AT/TT (Adjusted P= 0.037, 0.044, 0.025, 0.011, 0.019, 0.020, respectively) of the ADIPOQ gene were associated with MetS. Patients with rs266729CG, CG/GG genotypes (P= 0.034, 0.035) and rs7649121AT, AT/TT genotypes (P= 0.013, 0.022) had higher levels of serum adiponectin than those with the CC and AA genotypes respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of haplotypes GGAAAATC and GGGTAACC was lower in cases (10.7% and 4.5%) than in controls (12.1% and 5.9%) [Adjusted ORs (95% CIs) = 0.70 (0.54–0.91), 0.65 (0.46–0.92)]. The ADIPOQ gene variants associated with the risk of MetS in this study must be validated by further functional studies to reveal any potential effects on metabolism.
Nitrification Rates in the Baltic Sea: Comparison of Three Isotope Techniques

Simultaneous measurements of nitrification in the Baltic Sea were made at 10- to 30-m intervals in the months of June and November by three isotope techniques: [15N]nitrate dilution, N-serve sensitive [14C]bicarbonate incorporation, and [15N]ammonium oxidation to nitrite and nitrate. Nitrification rates of 1 to 280 nmol liter−1 day−1 were recorded, and each method showed that the highest rates of nitrification occurred below the halocline. Even in the presence of ammonium, dark incubations of mixed layer (above ca. 50 m) waters never yielded nitrification rates exceeding 45 nmol liter−1 day−1. The rates measured by the ammonium oxidation method were two- to sevenfold greater than those obtained by 14C incorporation or 15N dilution. The merits of each technique are discussed, and it is suggested that the [15N]ammonium oxidation method should be used in conjunction with the [14C]bicarbonate incorporation method.
Double-spiral coils and live impedance modulation for efficient wireless power transfer via magnetoinductive waves

We present the design and fabrication of a double-spiral coil used as the inductive element of a two-layer coupled resonator array for wireless power transfer applications. The waveguide presents an in-plane coupling coefficient of 0.92 and LC resonators with Q-factors of 97 at 13.56 MHz. Wireless monitoring of the power supply voltage enabled live modulation of the terminating impedance in the array. With load modulation and the low attenuation of our device we demonstrate how to power-up a receiver device with a system efficiency of nearly 60% anywhere over the 30 cm length of our resonating array.
Genetic and environmental influences on obsessional traits and symptoms

Synopsis A biometrical genetic analysis was carried out on the response of 419 pairs of twins to the 42-item version of the Leyton Obsessional Inventory. Just under half the variation in both the Obsessional Trait and Symptom Scales was due to heredity. Multivariate analysis revealed a genetic effect on the development of obsessional personality and also the transmission of a general tendency predisposing to neurotic breakdown. Although the influence of heredity was outweighed by that of the environment, the latter effect showed an absence of general factors and, in particular, of any noticeable effect from the common home environment.