Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Improved Answer Retrieval System Taping the Linkage Structure for Noisy SMS Queries

advent of technology has not only tailored the scientific and research work but has also sufficed to the needs of a commoner. Although communication and online support has become quite contemporary yet it requires huge amount of human resource to meet the varied demands. In this paper a server application is proposed which provides automated support for the customer queries via Short Messaging Service (SMS). It facilitates a layman with an instant answer to any of his query. The system is highly capable of handling inherent noise present in the queries and also taps their syntactic and semantic structure. This approach performs two functions simultaneously. One of which is handling of noise and inferring the best possible question, which the user actually meant to ask. Second is to match the refined question with the existing database of questions and then provide a corresponding answer. The system exploits both the above elevated technologies. It is a server application which automates the answer retrieval task via SMS. The retrieval process is such that the user is provided with the five topmost relevant answers to his/her query instantly. The communication starts via SMS from the user. This SMS is received by the system which is installed on central server. It then processes the incoming message. Answer retrieval process deals with two major tasks. In the preliminary step, processing of the message is done in order to eliminate inherent noise. This noise is due to the presence of abbreviations, transliterations, etc. Subsequently, a noise free query is incurred. The refined query is then parsed using the natural language parser providing us with the Question focus. The Question focus derived is used to rank the corpus questions, thereby resulting in the precise answer (1).
A Subgroup Analysis of Predictors to Certification Examination Success in Differing Principal Preparation Programs.

This study addresses the factors of Graduate Record Examination scores (GRE), race, gender, and undergraduate grade point average (GPA) as predictors of principal certification examination success at a large urban university. The university has three programs that lead to a masters degree and principal certification. The regular program consists of students not in a cohort who complete programs on individual time tables. Another program, Scholars of Practice, consists of a cohort of students who retain their positions as teachers but are assisted by their school districts in containing supported internship experience over 18 months. The third program, Educational Leadership, consists of students selected by their districts to serve as paid administrative interns for a year. Whether there were significant differences in state principal examination scores for these groups and for the study variables was investigated for approximately 335 students in all 3 programs. Results show no significant relationships among the variables of GRE, GPA, sex, race, and ethnicity in the Scholars of Practice cohort. GRE is the only significant predictor in the regular program. However, in the field-based Educational Leadership program, all factors except undergraduate GPA were predictors of certification examination results. In addition, sex was more significant in this program than in the other two. Findings have implications for the development of principal certification preparation programs. (Contains 19 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
From GMoDS models to object-oriented specifications in Event-B

This paper represents a first attempt to express in Event-B the models of the GMoDS (The Goal Model for Dynamic Systems) methodology. GMoDS is a major result of the research related to Organization-Based Multiagent System Engineering methodology (O-MaSE), allowing to specify goals during requirements engineering process and then to use them throughout the system development and at runtime. We choose Event-B as a modelling language for specifying the GMoDS models for two reasons: (a) Event-B has the concept of proving correctness, which supports the accuracy of software development, and (b) its supporting tool, RODIN, is open-source, and it is used in many software industrial applications. Because Event-B is not object-oriented, and because several concepts used in GMoDS are related to object-orientation, we have included in the corresponding Event-B specifications the object-oriented concepts used in the GMoDS models, without changing the syntax and semantics of Event-B, and without using the UML-B tool.
Function of the SIRT3 mitochondrial deacetylase in cellular physiology, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease

In mammals, seven members of the sirtuin protein family known as class III histone deacetylase have been identified for their characteristic features. These distinguished characteristics include the tissues where they are distributed or located, enzymatic activities, molecular functions, and involvement in diseases. Among the sirtuin members, SIRT3 has received much attention for its role in cancer genetics, aging, neurodegenerative disease, and stress resistance. SIRT3 controls energy demand during stress conditions such as fasting and exercise as well as metabolism through the deacetylation and acetylation of mitochondrial enzymes. SIRT3 is well known for its ability to eliminate reactive oxygen species and to prevent the development of cancerous cells or apoptosis. This review article provides a comprehensive review on numerous (noteworthy) molecular functions of SIRT3 and its effect on cancer cells and various diseases including Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.
Analyzing and assessing the security-related defects

The use of the Internet has become an integral part of everyone's life. Due to this, the introduction of virus and other malicious crackers is increasing everyday. This in turn leads to the introduction of defects which adversely affect the security. Thus, protecting vital information in this cyber world is not an easy task. We need to deal with security related defects to ensure failure free and smooth functioning of the software. Thus, in this paper, we intend to study and analyze various aspects of security-related defects by analyzing the defect reports available in various open-source software repositories. Besides this, prediction models can also be constructed which can be used by researchers and practitioners to predict various aspects of security - related defects. Such prediction models are especially beneficial for large-scale systems, where testing experts need to focus their attention and resources to the problem areas of the system under development. Thus, application of software prediction models in the early phases of the software life cycle contributes to efficient defect removal and results in delivering more reliable and better quality software products. Empirical studies lack the use of proper research methodology and thus result in reporting inconsistent results. This study will review the sequence of steps followed in the research process for carrying empirical and replicated studies. The steps include (a) literature survey and definition of variables (b) data collection (c) report findings using statistical and machine learning techniques (d) analyzing performance measures for evaluating the performance of the predicted models and (e) interpretation of the obtained results for developing a software prediction model. These steps are explained with the help of experimental public domain data set. In addition, the paper provides an overview of repositories for mining software engineering data, tools for analyzing this data and various categories of machine learning methods. It also discusses existing research avenues and provides future research directions in this area.
Post-PCR sterilization: development and application to an HIV-1 diagnostic assay

We have developed an effective post-PCR sterilization process and have applied the procedure to a diagnostic assay for HIV-1. The method, which is based on isopsoralen photochemistry, satisfies both the inactivation and hybridization requirements of a practical sterilization process. The key feature of the technique is the use of isopsoralen compounds which form covalent photochemical adducts with DNA. These covalent adducts prevent subsequent extension of previously amplified sequences (amplicons) by Taq polymerase. Isopsoralens have minimal inhibitory effect on the PCR, are activated by long wavelength ultraviolet light, provide sufficient numbers of covalent adducts to impart effective sterilization, modify the amplified sequence such that it remains single-stranded, and have little effect on subsequent hybridization. The sterilization procedure can be applied to a closed system and is suitable for use with commonly used detection formats. The photochemical sterilization protocol we have devised is an effective and pragmatic method for eliminating the amplicon carryover problem associated with the PCR. While the work described here is limited to HIV-1, proper use of the technique will relieve the concern associated with carryover for a wide variety of amplicons, especially in the clinical setting.
Liquidity Risk and Monetary Policy

This paper provides a framework to analyse emergency liquidity assistance of central banks on financial markets in response to aggregate and idiosyncratic liquidity shocks. The model combines the microeconomic view of liquidity as the ability to sell assets quickly and at low costs and the macroeconomic view of liquidity as a medium of exchange that influences the aggregate price level of goods. The central bank faces a trade-off between limiting the negative output effects of dramatic asset price declines and more inflation. Furthermore, the anticipation of central bank intervention causes a moral hazard effect with investors. This gives rise to the possibility of an optimal monetary policy under commitment.
Retinoic Acid Deficiency Impairs the Vestibular Function

The retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3 (Raldh3) gene encodes a major retinoic acid synthesizing enzyme and is highly expressed in the inner ear during embryogenesis. We found that mice deficient in Raldh3 bear severe impairment in vestibular functions. These mutant mice exhibited spontaneous circling/tilted behaviors and performed poorly in several vestibular–motor function tests. In addition, video-oculography revealed a complete loss of the maculo-ocular reflex and a significant reduction in the horizontal angular vestibulo-ocular reflex, indicating that detection of both linear acceleration and angular rotation were compromised in the mutants. Consistent with these behavioral and functional deficiencies, morphological anomalies, characterized by a smaller vestibular organ with thinner semicircular canals and a significant reduction in the number of otoconia in the saccule and the utricle, were consistently observed in the Raldh3 mutants. The loss of otoconia in the mutants may be attributed, at least in part, to significantly reduced expression of Otop1, which encodes a protein known to be involved in calcium regulation in the otolithic organs. Our data thus reveal a previously unrecognized role of Raldh3 in structural and functional development of the vestibular end organs.
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Effects of Bovine Spermatozoa Preparation on Embryonic Development in Vitro

The aim of our research was to examine the ability of density gradient preparation BoviPure ® and swim up method on bull sperm separation and in vitro embryo production (IVP) systems. Frozen/ thawed semen from six Simmental bulls was pooled and treated using both methods. The sperm motility, concentration, membrane activity, membrane integrity and acrosomal status were evaluated and compared before and after sperm processing using BoviPure ® and swim up methods. We also evaluated and compared cleavage rates, embryo yield and quality between the methods. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the sperm characteristics before and after BoviPure ® , but not after swim up method. However, there were significant differences for sperm results among those two mentioned methods. A total of 641 oocytes were matured and fertilized in vitro and cultured in SOFaaBSA. The percentage of cleavage (Day 2) and the percentage of hatched embryos (Day 9) were similar for both methods. However, embryo production rate (Day 7) was significantly higher using BoviPure ® method (P < 0.05). Also, total cell number and embryo differential staining (inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells) of Day 7 morulas and blastocysts showed that BoviPure ® treated sperm displayed higher quality embryos compared to swim up method (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that BoviPure ® method has an enhanced capacity in sperm selection for in vitro embryo production when compared with swim up method. So, we concluded that BoviPure ® could be considered as a better alternative to swim up method for separating bull spermatozoa from frozen/thawed semen for IVP of bovine embryos.
Interactivity attributes: a new way of thinking and describing interactivity

We propose a new perspective, seeing interactivity that is the immaterial part of an interactive artifact as something concretely describable and perceivable as we do with physical materials. In order to examine the validity of this proposal, we extracted a set of interactivity attributes to be used as a design language for thinking and describing interactivity in a new way, and conducted an online survey with 14 Flash prototypes representing pairs of values of 7 interactivity attributes we extracted. The result showed that all the interactivity attributes were significant, and participants experienced distinctive and meaningful emotional effects for different interactivity attributes.
On a Randomly Evolving Graph : Emergence of theGiant

A randomly evolving graph, with vertices immigrating at rate n and each possible edge appearing at rate 1=n, is studied. The detailed picture of emergence of giant components with O(n 2=3) vertices is shown to be the same as in the Erd} os-R enyi graph process with the number of vertices xed at n at the start. A major diierence is that now the transition occurs about a time t = =2, rather than t = 1. The proof has three ingredients. The size of the largest component in the subcritical phase is bounded by comparison with a certain multitype branching process. With this bound at hand, the growth of the sum-of-squares and sum-of-cubes of component sizes is shown, via martingale methods, to follow closely a solution of the Smoluchovsky-type equations. The approximation allows us to apply results of Aldous (1997) on emergence of giant components in the multiplicative coalescent, i.e. a non-uniform random graph process.
The Management Profile: Identification of the Management and Leadership Skills of School Administrators

This article focuses on two major steps by which the Management Profile has been refined as a tool for assessing the leadership and management skills that school administrators display on the job. The first step, the identification of criteria for standards of principal performance, was accomplished by the Texas A&M University Principals’ Center at the request of the NASSP Commission on Standards for the Principalship. The second step, also performed by the TAMU Principals’ Center, was the standardization of decision rules for assessing performance of the Management Profile and the completion of the initial edition of an assessor's manual.
The Need for Analyzing Culture in Planning Curriculum

The need for considering cultural elements in the curriculum has been an important issue in many countries. Even though, there is a will to consider culture in the curriculum, the way.how it should be put into practice is one of the bottlenecks. Obviously, cultural consideration in curriculum requires a theoretical framework. To do so, reviewing curriculum practices and theories/models in relation to a particular culture of a country is very helpful for better undersfunding and action. Hence, the purpose of this article is to review the practices of plar+lmng curriculum particularly in relation to culture and come up with some suggestions and recommendations that take in to account cultural elements in a curriculum. In this study, qualitative study particularly literature review and personal experiences were ' used. The findings indicate that although emphasis is given for culture, there is no systematic way of incorporating it in t~ curriculum. Furthermore, there is a lack of common understanding on the concept of culture and selection criteria among curriculum developers. The main body of this article includes concepts of culture, Curriculum planning, Cultural analysis and practices of this analysis 'to plan curriculum in Ethiopia.
Admittance space stability analysis of power electronic systems

Power electronics based power distribution systems (PEDSs) are becoming increasingly common, particularly in marine and aerospace applications. Stability analysis of this class of systems is crucial due to the potential for negative impedance instability. Existing techniques of stability analysis introduce artificial conservativeness, are sensitive to component grouping, and at the same time do not explicitly address uncertainties and variations in operating point. A new stability criterion, which reduces artificial conservativeness and is also insensitive to component grouping is described. In addition, a means of readily establishing design specifications from an arbitrary stability criterion which specifically includes a provision to incorporate uncertainty, parameter variation, and nonlinearities is set forth. The method is presented in the context of a hardware test system and is experimentally validated.
Validation of Reference Genes for Oral Cancer Detection Panels in a Prospective Blinded Cohort

Background Reference genes are needed as internal controls to determine relative expression for clinical application of gene expression panels. Candidate constitutively expressed genes must be validated as suitable reference genes in each body fluid and disease entity. Prior studies have predominantly validated oral squamous cell carcinoma associated messenger RNAs (mRNAs) based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) quantification cycle (Cq) values without adjustment for housekeeping genes. Methods One hundred sixty eight patients had saliva collected before clinically driven biopsy of oral lesions suspicious for cancer. Seven potential housekeeping mRNAs and six pre-specified oral cancer associated mRNAs were measured with qPCR by personnel blinded to tissue diagnosis. Housekeeping gene stability was determined with the NormFinder program in a training set of 12 randomly selected cancer and 24 control patients. Genes with stability indices <0.02 were then tested in the validation set consisting of the remaining cancer and control patients and were further validated by the geNorm program. Cancer gene delta Cqs were compared in case and control patients after subtracting the geometric mean of the reference gene raw Cqs. Results B2M and UBC had stability indices >0.02 in the training set and were not further tested. MT-ATP6, RPL30, RPL37A, RPLP0 and RPS17 all had stability indices <0.02 in the training set and in the verification set. The geNorm M values were all ≤1.10. All six pre-specified cancer genes (IL8, IL1, SAT, OAZ1, DUSP1 and S100P) were up-regulated in cancer versus control patients with from nearly twofold to over threefold higher levels (p<0.01 for all based on delta Cq values). Conclusions Five reference genes are validated for use in oral cancer salivary gene expression panels. Six pre-specified oral carcinoma associated genes are demonstrated to be highly significantly up-regulated in cancer patients based on delta Cq values. These cancer and reference genes are suitable for inclusion in gene expression panels for research and clinical applications. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01587573
Calibration of FX Options and Pricing of Barrier Options

This paper examines the calibration of foreign exchange options during one year using the Black-Scholes, Heston and Bates model. First the translation from market speci c quotes to volatility/strike pairs is considered. A calibration procedure using weighted least squares is then considered, using both unit and capped relative price weights. A comparison is made between the di erent models and the two weighting schemes; this comparison is made by studying relative error plots. The market implied volatility surface is constructed using interpolation with a second order polynomial in delta, and at forward interpolation in maturity dimension. The implied volatility surfaces are then constructed for the stochastic volatility models and the di erence in implied volatilities is studied. The pricing of up-and-out and up-and-in barrier options is performed. The pricing of European style contracts is carried out using a replicating strategy. The pricing of path-dependent contracts is carried out using Monte Carlo techniques where a Brownian bridge is constructed between discrete time points. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Magnus Wiktorsson for his guidance, support and interesting discussions. I would also like to thank Stefan Hägnesten for introducing me to the FX market, contributing with market data and giving me valuable advice.
Evaluation of the Arkansas Medicaid Primary Care Physician Management Program

Arkansas implemented a primary-care case-management program in February 1994. This study evaluates the program during its first 17 months. Using quarterly data collected for the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), a pooled cross-sectional time series analysis (1991:4-1995:2) estimates the effect of eligibles' program enrollment on expenditure (total, inpatient hospital, outpatient hospital, physicians, prescription drugs, laboratory and X-ray) and utilization measures (outpatient visits, physician visits, prescription drugs). The Arkansas Medicaid managed care program appears to have somewhat reduced growth in total vendor payments and also appears to have improved access to primary medical services.
CUEX: An algorithm for automatic extraction of expressive tone parameters in music performance from acoustic signals

CUEX is an algorithm that from recordings of solo music performances extracts the tone parameters for tempo, sound level, articulation, onset velocity, spectrum, vibrato rate, and vibrato extent. The aim is to capture the expressive variations in a music performance, rather than to identify the musical notes played. The CUEX algorithm uses a combination of traditional methods to segment the audio stream into tones based on fundamental frequency contour and sound level envelope. From the resulting onset and offset positions, the different tone parameters are computed. CUEX has been evaluated using both synthesized performances and recordings of human performances. For the synthesized performances, tone recognition of 98.7% was obtained in average. The onset and offset precision was 8 ms and 20 ms, respectively, and the sound level precision about 1 dB. Various applications of the CUEX algorithm are discussed. For human performances, the recognition was 91.8% in average.