Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Inositol Phosphatase SHIP Inhibits Akt/PKB Activation in B Cells*

The serine-threonine kinase Akt/PKB is activated downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in response to several growth factor stimuli and has been implicated in the promotion of cell survival. Although both phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI 3,4-P2) have been implicated in the regulation of Akt activity in vitro, the relative roles of these two phospholipids in vivo are not well understood. Co-ligation of the B cell receptor (BCR) and the inhibitory FcγRIIB1 on B cells results in the recruitment of the 5′-inositol phosphatase SHIP to the signaling complex. Since SHIP is known to cleave PIP3 to generate PI 3,4-P2 both in vivo and in vitro, and Akt activity has been reported to be regulated by either PIP3 or PI 3,4-P2, we hypothesized that recruitment of SHIP through FcγRIIB1 co-cross-linking to the BCR in B cells might regulate Akt activity. The nature of this regulation, positive or negative, might also reveal the relative contribution of PIP3 and PI 3,4-P2 to Akt activation in vivo. Here we report that Akt is activated by stimulation through the BCR in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent manner and that this activation is inhibited by co-cross-linking of the BCR to FcγRIIB1. Using mutants of FcγRIIB1 and SHIP-deficient B cells, we demonstrate that inhibition of Akt activity is mediated by the immune cell tyrosine-based inhibitory motif within FcγRIIB1 as well as SHIP. The SHIP-dependent inhibition of Akt activation also suggests that PIP3 plays a greater role in Akt activation than PI 3,4-P2 in vivo.
Coding accuracy of hospital discharge data for elderly survivors of myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE To assess the coding accuracy of primary and secondary discharge diagnoses in the Quebec hospital discharge database for elderly persons with myocardial infarction (MI). DESIGN Retrospective chart review in a convenience sample of six Montreal hospitals. The diagnoses listed in the medical chart were compared with those listed in the hospital discharge database. For each subject, the Charlson comorbidity index was calculated twice, once based on the medical chart and again based on the hospital discharge database. PATIENTS Subjects aged 65 years and over who had an MI coded as the primary discharge diagnosis in the hospital discharge database and who were discharged alive. MAIN RESULTS For 234 MI survivors, the positive predictive value (ie, probability that a patient with MI reported in the hospital discharge database had an MI diagnosed by the discharging physician) for coding MI was 0.96 (95% CI 0.94, 0.98). Comorbid medical conditions and complications of the MI were under-reported in the hospital discharge database, which meant that the Charlson index based on the hospital discharge database was an average of 0.71 units lower than the Charlson index based on the medical chart. CONCLUSIONS When studying survivors of MI by using hospital discharge databases, the advantages must be weighed against potential drawbacks in the quality of the information. Hospital discharge databases are almost as reliable as medical charts for identifying MI patients, but there is substantial under-reporting of comorbid medical conditions.
Inverters With Strained Si Nanowire Complementary Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors

Inverters based on uniaxially tensile strained Si (sSi) nanowire (NW) tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) are fabricated. Tilted dopant implantation using the gate as a shadow mask allows self-aligned formation of p-i-n TFETs. The steep junctions formed by dopant segregation at low temperatures improve the band-to-band tunneling, resulting in higher on-currents of n- and p-TFETs of > 10 μA/μm at VDS=0.5 V. The subthreshold slope for n-channel TFETs reaches a minimum value of 30 mV/dec, and is <; 60 mV/dec over one order of magnitude of drain current. The first sSi NW complementary TFET inverters show sharp transitions and fairly high static gain even at very lowVDD=0.2 V. The first transient response analysis of the inverters shows clear output voltage overshoots and a fall time of 2 ns at VDD=1.0 V.
THE STOCKHOLM 20‐YEAR FOLLOW‐UP OF ANEURYSMAL SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE OUTCOME

OBJECTIVETo assess the clinical and radiological long-term outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in a defined referral area regarding recurrent SAH and de novo aneurysm formation. METHODSOne hundred and two 1-year survivors after aneurysmal SAH, who were treated at the Neurosurgical Clinic, South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, between 1983 and 1985, were followed for 20 years. Forty-nine surviving patients were reevaluated. Hospital records and death certificates were scrutinized for all 53 nonsurviving patients. Clinical history penetration, Mini Mental Status, Rankin Disability Score, and Barthel Index were used to evaluate the outcome. Computed tomographic angiography was used to investigate the cerebral arteries. RESULTSOne hundred and two patients were traced. Fifty-three patients were deceased. One patient had a hospital record of sustaining an aneurysmal SAH from a known but not clipped aneurysm. Three patients had nonaneurysmal intracerebral hemorrhage and two sustained traumatic SAH. There were 49 surviving patients. Six refused follow-up. None of these patients had hospital records of intracranial disease. Three of the 43 remaining patients could not be tested. None of the survivors had experienced a new SAH. Aneurysm base remnants were observed in 1% (eight patients, 790 person-years of follow-up) and de novo aneurysms were observed in 0.9% (seven patients, 790 person-years of follow-up). CONCLUSIONFrom this epidemiological survey of patients with aneurysmal SAH, it was found that none of the patients experienced a recurrent subarachnoid bleed from the treated aneurysm during a 20-year follow-up period. Thus, a routine extreme long-term follow-up period is not necessary. De novo aneurysm formation and possible enlargements of aneurysm base remnants were observed in almost 2% of patients per person year and should, therefore, be subject of a routine, long-term follow-up.
STABILITY AND DYNAMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COEXISTING ATTRACTORS OF AN EXTERNAL-CAVITY SEMICONDUCTOR LASER

Coexisting attractors, which arise from different external-cavity modes of the same longitudinal mode of the solitary laser, retain distinct stability properties, particularly when the laser is biased far above threshold and subjected to moderately strong optical feedback from a distant reflector. When the laser is modeled by the Lang and Kobayashi equations with additional gain nonlinearity, the dynamics is limited to external-cavity attractors that develop from the external-cavity modes which have a positive but not too large frequency shift with respect to the solitary laser emission frequency v 0 . Although relaxation oscillations about these externalcavity modes are the first to become undamped as the feedback intensity increases, the attractors that arise from these modes remain stable over the largest range of feedback strengths. Stronger feedback destabilizes the individual attractors, creating new solutions which form from their ruins. At the beginning of the merging, the attractor ruins are not equally visited; the most visited ruins are those of the attractors last destabilized. We explore and explain these results by examining the dynamics of the laser when operating on a single externalcavity attractor. @S1050-2947~98! 08101-3#
The Quality of Internet Banking Service Encounter in Jordan

The purpose of this study is to identify the quality of internet banking service encounter of the retail banks in Jordan, and to identify the quality dimensions that should be improved or sustained, to achieve these purposes the banks' web sites were evaluated by using the web site quantitative evaluation method (QEM), the evaluation of the banks' web sites was conducted in March 2008 for sixteen retail banks in Jordan, the results indicated that; the banks in Jordan have significant positive quality of the internet banking service encounter, further the banks' web sites are rich in their content, and significant in the navigation, but the speed of home page down load and web site accessibility should be developed in the future.
Transliterated Pairs Acquisition in Medical Hebrew

The phonetic transcription of a word from a source language using a different script is called transli teration. Transliterations affect Information Extract ion (IE) in two ways. First, it takes time for a tr nsliterated word to make it into a technical lexicon, m aking recognition difficult. A second problem is th e variability of ways a foreign word can be rendered phonetically, leading in most cases (except for ver y short words) to many possible spellings of the word an , therefore, making lexicon-based recognition difficult. In this paper, we present a method for a utomatically acquiring transliterated words and the ir source word in order to improve a technical lexicon , addressing both problems: spelling variants and unknown tokens.
Increased sensitivity of sputum microscopy with sodium hypochlorite concentration technique: A practical experience at RNTCP center

Background: In revised national tuberculosis control program (RNTCP), microscopic examination of sputum for AFB plays an important role in the initial diagnosis of tuberculosis. Bacillary concentration after decontamination and liquefaction by 5% sodium hypochlorite is useful in providing increased sensitivity and safety for handling of specimen. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional, prospective study, carried out at NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and RC, Nagpur, patients were included according to RNTCP criteria. One set of smears was made according to the RNTCP guidelines while another set was prepared by concentration after decontamination with 5% sodium hypochlorite. Both set of smears were stained according to RNTCP method and were screened by two observers separately to remove observer’s bias and graded according to the RNTCP guidelines. A total of 591 sputum samples from 219 patients were included in the study with 168 males (76.71%) and 51 females (23.28%). Results: A total of 77 samples (13.02%) from 34 patients were positive by routine method whereas by concentration method 119 samples (20.13%) from 49 patients were found positive diagnosing 15 additional patients. This rise of 7.11% in sputum positivity over routine is highly significant (P=0.001021, χ2=10.78) with 44.11% increase in diagnosed cases. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant rise in smear positive cases after concentration with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution. Considering its low cost, decontaminating and liquefaction properties with better sensitivity, this method is safe and can be of vital importance; at least for smear negative cases.
Linked exploratory visualizations for uncertain MR spectroscopy data

We present a system for visualizing magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data sets. Using MRS, radiologists generate multiple 3D scalar fields of metabolite concentrations within the brain and compare them to anatomical magnetic resonance imaging. By understanding the relationship between metabolic makeup and anatomical structure, radiologists hope to better diagnose and treat tumors and lesions. Our system consists of three linked visualizations: a spatial glyph-based technique we call Scaled Data-Driven Spheres, a parallel coordinates visualization augmented to incorporate uncertainty in the data, and a slice plane for accurate data value extraction. The parallel coordinates visualization uses specialized brush interactions designed to help users identify nontrivial linear relationships between scalar fields. We describe two novel contributions to parallel coordinates visualizations: linear function brushing and new axis construction. Users have discovered significant relationships among metabolites and anatomy by linking interactions between the three visualizations.
Target market selection model for e-commerce start-up exemplified by NewCo

For e-commerce startups (ECSs) international growth has never been more important than today. In order to venture abroad successfully, ECSs need a model which enables them to select the most attractive markets. The current status of theory and literature is rarely applicable to early stage ECSs. Therefore, this research paper provides a model for the systematic selection of new target markets. Based on existing literature as well as primary and secondary research, this thesis develops a generic target market selection model for ECSs. To verify this model, it is applied to a specific online market place called NewCo.
GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes With AlGaN Strain Compensation Buffer Layer

An AlGaN strain compensation layer (SCL) was proposed to modulate the strain and thus alleviate the polarization of GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). With the SCL, it was found that the 350 mA LED output power could be enhanced from 258 to 285 mW. It was also found that the SCL could alleviate the efficiency droop and reduce the forward voltage of the LEDs. These improvements could all be attributed to in-plane tensile strain induced by the AlGaN layer which could effectively compensate the compressive strain induced by the InGaN well layers. From micro-Raman spectra measurement, it was found that in-plane biaxial stresses in the reference and SCL samples were 0.30 and 0.07 GPa, respectively.
Involvement of Cdc2 in axonal regeneration enhanced by exercise training in rats.

PURPOSE Physical activity can improve sensorimotor recovery after peripheral nerve injury. We examined the effects of treadmill training (TMT) on axonal regeneration in the injured sciatic nerve of the rat and further investigated cellular and molecular events that underlie enhanced axonal regrowth by training. METHODS After crush injury of the sciatic nerves, rats were randomly assigned into either TMT or sedentary groups. Three to 14 d after injury, changes in protein levels in the regenerating nerve were analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Axonal regeneration was assessed by anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques. The animals' functional recovery was determined by the sciatic functional index. RESULTS We identified enhanced axonal regrowth in the distal stump of the sciatic nerve 7-14 d after injury in the rats with TMT. Cell division cycle 2 (Cdc2) mRNA and protein levels were highly increased in the injured sciatic nerves 3 and 7 d after injury, and decreased to basal levels 14 d later. Daily TMT accelerated distal shift of Cdc2 mRNA and protein induced in the regenerating nerves, and Cdc2 kinase activity was similarly increased in the distal stump by TMT. Cdc2 protein induced by TMT was mainly colocalized with Schwann cell marker S100beta protein, and correlated with axial distribution pattern of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled proliferating cell population in the regenerating nerve. We further demonstrate that axonal regeneration and motor function recovery after injury, both of which were promoted by TMT, were greatly suppressed by in vivo administration of Cdc2 inhibitor roscovitine. CONCLUSION The present data suggest that Cdc2 kinase activated in the regenerating sciatic nerve may play an important role in TMT-mediated enhancement of axonal regeneration.
Geometry dependence of superconducting shielding for sensitive detectors

Superconducting shielding is a powerful technique for shielding detectors. However, it is sensitive to details of geometry. This paper uses the geometry of the shielding of the submillimeter and far infrared experiment (SAFIRE) as a basis for study. Shielding tests are performed on three different geometries of niobium - disk, ring and tube. Attempts to model the superconducting shielding are also made and compared with measurements.
A low-cost and application-driven digital signal processor for speech/audio processing

In this paper, a new application-driven digital signal processor, called LASP24 (low-cost application-driven speech processor, 24-bit data width), for speech and audio signal processing is designed. Two applications, MELP and reverberation algorithms, are performed on LASP24. The developed emulator can quickly verify these two algorithms. The design has been integrated in the total area of 6.5 mm2 by using UMC 0.18mum 1P6M technology and fabricated. The maximum clock frequency is about 100 MHz with a single 1.8V supply
Privacy Circles: Sharing Images on Social Networking Sites Using A3P

Utilization of online networking has been impressively expanding in this day and age which empowers the client to impart their own data like pictures to different clients. This enhanced innovation prompts protection infringement where the clients can share huge number of pictures over the system. To give security to the data, we set forward this paper comprising Adaptive Privacy Policy Prediction (A3P) system to help clients make efforts to establish safety for their pictures. The part of pictures and its metadata are analyzed as a measure of client's security inclinations. The Framework decides the best security approach for the transferred pictures. It incorporates an Image grouping structure for relationship of pictures with comparative strategies and an approach forecast strategy to consequently create a security arrangement for client transferred pictures.
Recognition of a Face in a Mixed Document

Face recognition is the field of great interest in the domaine of research for several applications such as biometry identification, surveillance, and human-machine interaction…This paper exposes a system of face recognition. This system exploits an image document text embedding a color human face image. Initially, the system, in its phase of extraction, exploitis the horizontal and vertical histogram of the document, detects the image which contains the human face. The second task of the system consists of detecting the included face in other to determine, with the help of invariants moments, the characteristics of the face. The third and last task of the system is to determine, via the same invariants moments, the characteristics of each face stored in a database in order to compare them by means of a classification tool (Neural Networks and K nearest neighbors) with the one determined in the second task for the purpose of taking the decision of identification in that database, of the most similar face to the one detected in the input image.
Differential Interactions between Transforming Growth Factor-β3/TβR1, TAB1, and CD2AP Disrupt Blood-Testis Barrier and Sertoli-Germ Cell Adhesion*

The biochemical basis that regulates the timely and selective opening of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) to migrating preleptotene/leptotene spermatocytes at stage VIII of the epithelial cycle in adult rat testes is virtually unknown. Recent studies have shown that cytokines (e.g. transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3) may play a crucial role in this event. However, much of this information relies on the use of toxicants (e.g. CdCl2), making it difficult to relay these findings to normal testicular physiology. Here we report that overexpression of TGF-β3 in primary Sertoli cells cultured in vitro indeed perturbed the tight junction (TJ) barrier with a concomitant decline in the production of BTB constituent proteins as follows: occludin, N-cadherin, and ZO-1. Additionally, local administration of TGF-β3 to testes in vivo was shown to reversibly perturb the BTB integrity and Sertoli-germ cell adhesion via the p38 MAPK and ERK signaling pathways. Most importantly, the simultaneous activation of p38 and ERK signaling pathways is dependent on the association of the TGF-β3-TβR1 complex with adaptors TAB1 and CD2AP because if TβR1 was associated preferentially with CD2AP, only Sertoli-germ cell adhesion was perturbed without compromising the BTB. Collectively, these data illustrate that local production of TGF-β3, and perhaps other TGF-βs and cytokines, by Sertoli and germ cells into the microenvironment at the BTB during spermatogenesis transiently perturbs the BTB and Sertoli-germ cell adhesion to facilitate germ cell migration when the activated TβRI interacts with adaptors TAB1 and CD2AP. However, TGF-β3 selectively disrupts Sertoli-germ cell adhesion in the seminiferous epithelium to facilitate germ cell migration without compromising BTB when TβRI interacts only with adaptor CD2AP.
Cyclicity of mosquito vitellogenic ecdysteroid-mediated signaling is modulated by alternative dimerization of the RXR homologue Ultraspiracle

In anautogenous mosquitoes, egg maturation requires a blood meal. As a consequence, mosquitoes are vectors of numerous devastating human diseases. Blood feeding triggers a 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) hormonal cascade, which activates yolk protein precursor (YPP) genes in the female fat body, an insect metabolic tissue. An important adaptation for anautogeny is the previtellogenic arrest preventing activation of YPP genes. Equally essential is termination of their expression, so that another arrest is achieved after a batch of eggs is laid. Here, we report that mosquito Seven-up (AaSvp), a chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor homologue, is involved in regulating the cyclicity of vitellogenic ecdysteroid-mediated signaling through heterodimerization with a retinoid X receptor homologue Ultraspiracle (USP), the obligatory functional ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) partner. AaSvp inhibits 20E-dependent activation of the vitellogenin (Vg) gene in transfection assays. Two-hybrid and GST pull-down analyses demonstrate that in vitro AaSvp interacts with both AaUSP and AaEcR. However, the coimmunoprecipitation using fat body nuclear extracts reveals that at 33–36 h postblood meal, when the 20E titer sharply declines and YPP gene expression ceases, AaSvp replaces AaEcR in USP heterodimers. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicates that protein–protein interaction rather than binding competition for the Vg ecdysteroid response element accounts for the inhibition of Vg expression by AaSvp.
Farmer Typology in South Kona, Hawai‘i: Whoʻs Farming, How, and Why?

Abstract Agricultural systems are increasingly being recognized as producing a wide range of benefits and impacts on society, and the potential of small-scale farmers in particular has been highlighted. Recognition of farmers’ varying drivers and priorities is important for developing appropriate policies and engagement strategies to foster multifunctional agricultural practices that generate multiple social benefits from agricultural lands. The use of typologies to classify the diversity of farmers and their respective farming priorities is a practical way to understand important decision-making drivers and capture impacts. This article classifies 128 farmers in the South Kona region of Hawai‘i by assessing their reasons for farming. The types of farmers are discussed regarding their environmental and sense of place values, and an MFA scorecard measuring farming practices in five categories: Environment, Economics, Education, Community, and Culture. Farmer types explained a significant amount of variation seen in each category, suggesting that reason for engaging in farming is an important driver in farming practices; however, significant nuanced variation on value expression in farming practices was apparent.
OF A HORN ANTENNA NEAR FIELD

Near field of horn antenna is considered by means of modelling and measuring in order to research its structure as it depends on a distance from antenna. A set of programs to calculate field characteristics with different input conditions has been developed. A semi-natural experiment is described of finding a distribution of equivalent currents on antenna radiating aperture. Images of the field on different distances from antenna are plotted.