Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical multi-label classification with chained neural networks

In classification tasks, an object usually belongs to one class within a set of disjoint classes. In more complex tasks, an object can belong to more than one class, in what is conventionally termed multi-label classification. Moreover, there are cases in which the set of classes are organised in a hierarchical fashion, and an object must be associated to a single path in this hierarchy, defining the so-called hierarchical classification. Finally, in even more complex scenarios, the classes are organised in a hierarchical structure and the object can be associated to multiple paths of this hierarchy, defining the problem investigated in this article: hierarchical multi-label classification (HMC). We address a typical problem of HMC, which is protein function prediction, and for that we propose an approach that chains multiple neural networks, performing both local and global optimisation in order to provide the final prediction: one or multiple paths in the hierarchy of classes. We experiment with four variations of this chaining process, and we compare these strategies with the state-of-the-art HMC algorithms for protein function prediction, showing that our novel approach significantly outperforms these methods.
Clinical outcome of pediatric Hodgkin's disease in upper Egypt.

9035 Background: To assess clinical outcome of chemotherapy and involved field radiotherapy in all stages of pediatric Hodgkin's Disease in rural areas of Egypt treated at Menya oncology centre which is located 300km south the capital. METHODS Between April 2000 and November 2005, 27 previously untreated patients were investigated, treated and analyzed for remission and survival. RESULTS There were 21 males and 6 girls with a median age of 11 years, 29.6% were less than 10 years, 70.3% had advanced stage disease (IIB-IV), bulky mediastinal mass in 19 cases spleen involvement in 6 cases, bone marrow aspirate was free in all cases, bone marrow biopsy was not done. patients with stage I and IIA received 2 courses of EOPA (etopsid, vincristine, prednisone and doxorubicin), patients with stage IIb and IIIa received 2 courses of EOPA and 2 courses of ECOP (etopsid, cyclophophamide, vincristine and prednisone), while patients with stage IIIb and IV received 2courses of EOPA and 4 courses of ECOP, All patients received involved field radiotherapy according to stage. Complete remission was achieved in 96.2%. Progressive disease in 1 (3.7%) which required change line of therapy. Out of the 27 patients 3 (11.1%) have relapsed (17, 22 and 25 months) post completion of chemotherapy and were treated with another line of chemotherapy. The 2 years DFS was 90.9% with 95% of CI (73%-100%). Treatment was given outpatient, with no supportive therapy or toxic deaths and no secondary malignancy from etopsid Conclusions: This regimen provides high rate of durable remission in rural areas of Egypt with limited resources (drugs availability and supportive measures). No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A 64-MHz∼640-MHz 64-phase clock generator

This paper proposes a wide-range all-digital phase locked loop (ADPLL) utilizing a successive approximation register-controlled (SAR) architecture. A modified digital to voltage converter (DAC) is adopted to provide a wide supply voltage range for the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) so that the power consumption of can be reduced and a wide frequency range can be operated. A differential VCO is invented for reducing the jitter. A test chip is implemented using a 0. 18μm CMOS process with an area of 500×620um2. The measured frequency range is from 64MHz to 640MHz. The p2p jitter is 20.5 ps and the rms jitter is 2.4 ps.
Built-in temperature sensors for on-line thermal monitoring of microelectronic structures

Built-in temperature sensors increase the system reliability by predicting eventual faults caused by excessive chip temperatures. In this paper, simple and efficient built-in temperature sensors for the on-line thermal monitoring of microelectronic structures are introduced. The proposed temperature sensors produce a signal oscillating at a frequency proportional to the temperature of the microelectronic structure and therefore they are compatible to the oscillation-test method. Design and detailed characteristics of the sensors proposed based on CMOS 1.2 /spl mu/m technology parameters are presented. The fabrication results show a small spread in the nominal oscillation frequency of sensors implemented and a good sensitivity of the oscillation frequency with respect to temperature variations. The sensors proposed require very small power dissipation and silicon area.
Targeted Loss of Androgen Receptor Signaling in Murine Granulosa Cells of Preantral and Antral Follicles Causes Female Subfertility1

ABSTRACT Ovarian granulosa cells display strong androgen receptor (AR) expression, suggesting a functional role for direct AR-mediated actions within developing mammalian follicles. By crossing AR-floxed and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)-Cre recombinase mice, we generated granulosa cell-specific androgen receptor knockout mice (GCARKO). Cre expression, assessed by lacZ activity, localized to 70%–100% of granulosa cells in most preantral to antral follicles, allowing for selected evaluation of granulosa cell AR-dependent actions during follicle development. Relative to wild-type (WT) females, GCARKO females were subfertile, producing a 24% reduction in the number of litters (P < 0.05) over 6 mo and an age-dependent decrease in total number of pups born, evident from 6 mo of age (P < 0.05). Follicle dynamics were altered in GCARKO ovaries at 3 mo of age, with a significant reduction in large preantral and small antral follicle numbers compared to WT ovaries (P < 0.05). Global premature follicle depletion was not observed, but increased follicular atresia was evident in GCARKO ovaries at 6 mo of age, with an 81% increase in unhealthy follicles and zona pellucida remnants (P < 0.01). Cumulus cell expansion was decreased (P < 0.01) and oocyte viability was diminished in GCARKO females, with a significant reduction in the percentage of oocytes fertilized after natural mating and, thus, in the rate of progression to the two-cell embryo stage (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with age-matched WT females, 6-mo-old GCARKO females exhibited significantly prolonged estrous cycles (P ≤ 0.05), suggesting altered hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal feedback signaling. In conclusion, our findings revealed that selective loss of granulosa cell AR actions during preantral and antral stages of development leads to a premature reduction in female fecundity through reduced follicle health and oocyte viability.
Energy Conservation Policies for Web Servers

Energy management for servers is now necessary for technical, financial, and environmental reasons. This paper describes three policies designed to reduce energy consumption in Web servers. The policies employ two power management mechanisms: dynamic voltage scaling (DVS), an existing mechanism, and request batching, a new mechanism introduced in this paper. The first policy uses DVS in isolation, except that we extend recently introduced task-based DVS policies for use in server environments with many concurrent tasks. The second policy uses request batching to conserve energy during periods of low workload intensity. The third policy uses both DVS and request batching mechanisms to reduce processor energy usage over a wide range of workload intensities. All the policies trade off system responsiveness to save energy. However, the policies employ the mechanisms in a feedback-driven control framework in order to conserve energy while maintaining a given quality of service level, as defined by a percentile-level response time. We evaluate the policies using Salsa, a web server simulator that has been extensively validated for both energy and response time against measurements from a commodity web server. Three daylong static web workloads from real web server systems are used to quantify the energy savings: the Nagano Olympics98 web server, a financial services company web site, and a disk intensive web workload. Our results show that when required to maintain a 90th-percentile response time of 50ms, the DVS and request batching policies save from 8.7% to 38% and from 3.1% to 27% respectively of the CPU energy used by the base system. The two polices provide these savings for complementary workload intensities. The combined policy is effective for all three workloads across a broad range of intensities, saving from 17% to 42% of the CPU energy.
A Methodology to Emulate Single Event Upsets in Flip-Flops Using FPGAs through Partial Reconfiguration and Instrumentation

This paper presents a methodology to emulate Single Event Upsets (SEUs) in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) flip-flops (FFs). Since the content of a FF is not modifiable through the FPGA configuration memory bits, a dedicated design is required for fault injection in the FFs. The method proposed in this paper is a hybrid approach that combines FPGA partial reconfiguration and extra logic added to the circuit under test, without modifying its operation. This approach has been integrated into a fault-injection platform, named NESSY (Non intrusive ErrorS injection SYstem), developed by our research group. Finally, this paper includes results on a Virtex-5 FPGA demonstrating the validity of the method on the ITC'99 benchmark set and a Feed-Forward Equalization (FFE) filter. In comparison with other approaches in the literature, this methodology reduces the resource consumption introduced to carry out the fault injection in FFs, at the cost of adding very little time overhead ( 1.6 μs per fault).
Recombination dynamics of deep defect states in zinc oxide nanowires

The recombination dynamics of defect states in zinc oxide nanowires has been studied by developing a general expression for time-resolved photoluminescence intensity based on a second-order approximation for the radiative and non-radiative recombination rates. The model allows us to determine the parameters that characterize the recombination from deep defect states (defect concentration, unimolecular lifetime and bimolecular coefficient) through multi-fitting analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. Analyses conducted on zinc oxide nanowires gave deep state concentrations of the order of 1018 cm−3 and unimolecular lifetimes and bimolecular recombination coefficient comparable to those typical of interband recombination in direct gap semiconductors. The consistency of a ‘two-channel decay’ model (double exponential decay) has been tested by means of a similar analysis procedure. The results suggest that double exponential fitting of time-resolved photoluminescence data of zinc oxide nanowires may be just a mere phenomenological tool which does not reflect the real recombination dynamics of the visible emission band.
Empathy as a Mediator of Attitudes Toward Infidelity Among College Students

This study examined attitudes about infidelity among college students. Due to increased sexual opportunities and normalization of casual sex in the college campus environment, commitment level is generally more likely to be lower than for post-college-aged individuals. While lower commitment may contribute to infidelity among college students, we aimed to more closely examine the relative role of individual characteristics. The literature has shown that individuals with certain personality traits, such as narcissism and an insecure attachment style, are more likely to commit infidelity, but less is known about the interaction between sex and these traits and about possible underlying mechanisms that account for why some people resist the temptation to be unfaithful and others don't. Working under the assumption that higher empathy might be the underlying mechanism that enables individuals to resist the temptation to be unfaithful, we demonstrated that empathy partially mediates the relationship between sex, narcissism, entitlement, attachment style and attitudes toward infidelity in college students. Thus, college students who are securely attached, low in narcissism, and high in empathy are more likely to oppose sexual behavior outside of their dating relationships despite the fact that their commitment level may be relatively low.
Prevalence of airflow limitation in patients diagnosed and treated for symptoms of chronic bronchitis by general practitioners in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.

OBJECTIVE Physicians have provided care to only 0.2 million of the 5.3 million Japanese over the age of 40 years old who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Among such individuals, many patients with respiratory symptoms diagnosed as chronic bronchitis (CB) are prescribed mainly expectorants. To determine the current status of COPD subjects diagnosed with and treated for CB, we investigated the prevalence of airflow limitation (AFL) in CB patients diagnosed by general practitioners (GPs) and the therapies administered to them. METHODS Patients receiving treatment by GPs as CB completed a questionnaire and the FEV(1)/FEV(6) ratio was measured by their GPs with a Piko-6. The prevalence of AFL (FEV(1)/FEV(6) <73%) and the correlation between FEV(1)/FEV(6) and FEV(1)/FVC were examined. Prescription behavior and comorbid lifestyle diseases were also examined. RESULTS Data from 197 patients with CB were analyzed. Among those who underwent spirometry, the correlation between FEV(1)/FVC and FEV(1)/FEV(6) was r(2)=0.38 (p<0.0001), and the sensitivity and specificity of the Piko-6 were 85.7% and 61.1%, respectively. The prevalence of AFL was 47.2% and increased to 54.1% among patients aged 70-79 years. Expectorants were prescribed for 39.8% of CB patients with AFL, but inhaled bronchodilators were prescribed for only 22.6%. Smoking history and age were significantly higher in the group with AFL than in those without AFL (p<0.05). The prevalence of comorbid lifestyle diseases was 73.1% in patients with AFL. CONCLUSION AFL was prevalent among patients with CB. Therefore, GPs should test pulmonary function in CB patients to ensure that the appropriate therapy is administered.
An end-to-end simulation framework for optimizing the design of space-borne imaging systems

Space-borne imaging systems are complex systems with a very wide spectrum of applications. They include not only the space segment that will acquire images, but also the ground segment that will plan the mission schedule, command the space segment and download and process the acquired data. This paper presents new methods that evaluate the mission performance of space-borne systems and that allow to optimize the design of such systems.
Magnetic particle spectroscopy characterization of the assemblies of magnetic nanoparticles

Summary form only given. This research focuses on the design of magnetic nanoparticles particles (MNPs) and their assemblies for specific applications in biomedicine, combining high functional activity as drug and gene delivery vectors and sufficient magnetic responsiveness to make magnetic targeting feasible. The resulting materials should be also suitable as magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracer. MPS measurements were carried out for tailor-made magnetic nanoparticles selected for cell labeling, assembling of magnetic delivery non-viral and viral vectors. Another aspect of the investigation is to understand how cellular confinement and clustering of the MNPs and their assemblies in labeled or magnetofected cells influence the magnetic behavior of the particles and the output signal in MPS. In particular, internalization of SO-Mag5 nanoparticles in HUVEC has not changed the MPS output. Understanding the role of nanointeractions in tracer characteristics is of importance for design of efficient magnetic vectors for targeting of theragnostics with optimized performance in MPI.
Navigating through virtual flight environments using brain-body-actuated control

Alternative control technologies enable users to control human machine systems without using their hands For example, the Cyberlink/sup TM/ interface, a brain body actuated control technology, employs a combination of EEG and EMG signals produced at the user's forehead to generate computer inputs that can be used for a variety of tasks. An experiment was conducted in which participants used the CyberLink/sup TM/ interface to navigate or "fly" along a virtual flight course displayed on a wide field of view dome display. Tracking performance significantly increased across experimental sessions, while measures of perceived mental workload decreased across sessions. Ratings of cybersickness were relatively low and did not vary across experimental sessions. The results indicate that brain body actuated control, achieved using the CyberLink/sup TM/ interface, provides a viable means for performing simple, single axis, continuous control tasks without using one's hands.
The News Cycle's Influence on Social Media Activity

While much work has studied the problem of identifying real-world trends based on social media, none has attempted to explicitly model the news cycle's influence on this social media activity. In this work we attempt to model the news cycle's influence on Twitter activity in the context of "news-centric events. " We present a model for estimating the number of tweets posted in response to a news event and propose a method for creating an appropriate ground truth. We find that, although our method is sensitive to variations in the amount of training data, we are able to predict future Twitter activity with reasonable accuracy.
Am I Driving or Are You or Are We Both? A Taxonomy for Handover and Handback in Automated Driving

In this paper, a taxonomy of handover and handback (i.e., from manual to automatic control and vice versa) is proposed to be used by practitioners and researchers to help assure the duration of those periods are clearly defined, and accordingly, studies examining them are comparable and have repeatable results. Furthermore, use of this framework will help assure that those implementing automation will do so in a comprehensive manner. The taxonomy is more detailed than that in SAE Standard J3114.
WWW visibility in marketing

Social media is a vital channel for marketers nowadays. Customers are more empowered today than ever before and the Internet is accelerating the trend toward greater customer empowerment. In few years Web 2.0 has become a highly important media and it has changed the Web into platform where individuals can communicate, assemble and organize data. Web 2.0 also offers a variety of different “tools” for companies to be used in marketing. Because companies and products are visible and discussed in social media, it is recommendable that companies try to seek positive publicity in these media. Thesis aims to describe the opportunities social media provides in organizational use, as well as, to provide an overview of the current situation in social media utilization in Finland. Further, it seeks to investigate the challenges organizations have in social media or in a whole field of E-marketing, and what kind of plans organizations have for the future in a field of E-marketing. The study consists of theoretical and empirical parts. Literature part scrutinizes the literature that covers different sides of online marketing. Empirical part of the study was conducted as a survey research. Results are based on a questionnaire and interviews that were conducted among Finnish companies during time period of spring and autumn 2012. The data was gathered among companies operating in different fields of business. Interviews were transcribed and conclusions were made from those. Because of the limited number of participants that took part to the questionnaire, the results derived from it are merely suggestive. Nevertheless, interviews did strengthen the understanding that was inherited from the questionnaire. The findings reveal that e-marketing has a very important role in the companies’ marketing strategy. Majority of the firms see social media marketing as a positive thing. Yet, the companies were unsure whether they possess the needed skills to do marketing in social media effectively. The results imply that the reason for this is related to the skills and experience the companies have in social media marketing. Those are such issues though, that company will learn and will develop its own way to use social media. This was also showed in the results.
Lumbar Spine Segmentation Using a Statistical Multi-Vertebrae Anatomical Shape+Pose Model

Segmentation of the spinal column from computed tomography (CT) images is a preprocessing step for a range of image-guided interventions. One intervention that would benefit from accurate segmentation is spinal needle injection. Previous spinal segmentation techniques have primarily focused on identification and separate segmentation of each vertebra. Recently, statistical multi-object shape models have been introduced to extract common statistical characteristics between several anatomies. These models can be used for segmentation purposes because they are robust, accurate, and computationally tractable. In this paper, we develop a statistical multi-vertebrae shape+pose model and propose a novel registration-based technique to segment the CT images of spine. The multi-vertebrae statistical model captures the variations in shape and pose simultaneously, which reduces the number of registration parameters. We validate our technique in terms of accuracy and robustness of multi-vertebrae segmentation of CT images acquired from lumbar vertebrae of 32 subjects. The mean error of the proposed technique is below 2 mm, which is sufficient for many spinal needle injection procedures, such as facet joint injections.
Are all cases of paediatric essential thrombocythaemia really myeloproliferative neoplasms? Analysis of a large cohort

Sporadic essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is rare in paediatrics, and the diagnostic and clinical approach to paediatric cases cannot be simply copied from experience with adults. Here, we assessed 89 children with a clinical diagnosis of ET and found that 23 patients (25·8%) had a clonal disease. The JAK2 V617F mutation was identified in 14 children, 1 child had the MPL W515L mutation, and 6 had CALR mutations. The monoclonal X‐chromosome inactivation pattern was seen in six patients (two with JAK2 V617F and two with CALR mutations). The other 66 patients (74·2%) had persistent thrombocytosis with no clonality. There were no clinical or haematological differences between the clonal and non‐clonal patients. The relative proportion of ET‐specific mutations in the clonal children was much the same as in adults. The higher prevalence of non‐clonal cases suggests that some patients may not have myeloproliferative neoplasms, with significant implications for their treatment.