Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What We're about Out Here: The Resilience and Relevance of School Farms in Rural Tasmania.

School farms were established in Tasmania in the 1930s following a visit of an Australian education official to the United States and the United Kingdom. There are still more than 30 school farm operations functioning in some capacity throughout the state, unlike in the rest of Australia where similar small school farms are not common. In this article we analyze interviews undertaken in 2016 with 22 school farm educators about the state of Tasmania’s school farms, what they do, how they are seen in their communities, what challenges they face, and how they integrate the agricultural program with the demands of contemporary curriculum. While these school farms face considerable challenges, we conclude that they have a unique place in the state’s education system, a powerful symbolic presence in rural communities, and significant potential to provide relevant, valuable, and potentially transformative curriculum and pedagogy in support of educational and rural development policy agendas.
Coarse particulate matter associated with increased risk of emergency hospital admissions for pneumonia in Hong Kong

Background Epidemiological research on the effects of coarse particles (PMc, particulate matter between 2.5 and 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter) on respiratory morbidity is sparse and inconclusive. Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of lung caused by infections, which may be triggered and exacerbated by PMc exposure. Aim To estimate the effect of PMc on emergency hospital admissions for pneumonia after controlling for PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants. Method PMc concentrations were estimated by subtracting PM2.5 from PM10 measurements in each of the 10 air monitoring stations from January 2011 to December 2012 in Hong Kong and then citywide daily average concentrations of PMc were computed from the 10 stations. Generalised additive Poisson models were used to examine the relationship between PMc and daily emergency hospital admissions for pneumonia, adjusting for PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants (NO2, SO2 and O3). Subgroup analyses by gender and age were also performed to identify the most susceptible subpopulations. Results PMc and PM2.5 were significantly associated with emergency pneumonia hospitalisations. Every 10 μg/m3 increment of PMc in the past 4 days (lag0–lag3) was associated with a 3.33% (95% CI 1.54% to 5.15%) increase in emergency hospitalisations for pneumonia. The effect estimates of PMc were robust to the adjustment of PM2.5, NO2 or SO2, but attenuated on the inclusion of O3 in the model. Women, children and older people might be more vulnerable to PMc exposure. Conclusions Short-term PMc exposure is associated with emergency hospitalisations for pneumonia in Hong Kong. Air quality regulation specifically for PMc might be considered.
An Energy Efficient Priority-Based QoS MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper we present an energy efficient priority based MAC protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). We abbreviate it as PRIMA. The PRIMA protocol consists of two phases; a clustering phase and a channel access phase. Clustering the senor network makes the MAC protocol to handle well network scalability issues. The channel access is composed of a hybrid mode of TDMA and CSMA. CSMA mode is used to communicate control messages, while data messages are assigned TDMA slots. Doing so, minimizes packet collisions and consequently minimizing energy consumption. Our PRIMA protocol forces the nodes that have no data to send to go early into a sleep state to save energy, this minimizes the idle listening periods which is considered as a main source of the energy consumption in sensor networks. The PRIMA protocol provides Quality of Service (QoS) by employing a queueing model to classify the traffic depending on its importance into four different queues. Higher priority queues have absolute preferential treatment over low priority queues. Through simulations and analytical analysis, we evaluate the performance of our proposed MAC protocol and compare it against the Q-MAC protocol. Results have shown that our protocol outperforms Q-MAC in terms of energy consumption, packet delivery ratio and average packet delay.
Settlement Intentions and Immigrant Integration: The Case of Recently Arrived EU‐Immigrants in the Netherlands

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of settlement intentions on the integration of recently arrived EU‐immigrants in the Netherlands. Hypotheses on differences in integration, both shortly after arrival and over time, are derived from the intergenerational immigrant integration model. Based on two waves of the New Immigrants to the Netherlands Survey, a longitudinal multilevel model was estimated. Most differences were found with regard to the level of integration shortly after arrival. Immigrants who intended to stay had more contact with natives, were more proficient in Dutch, and consumed more host country media than immigrants who intend to leave. On the other hand, they worked fewer hours per week than immigrants who intend to leave. Differences over time were only found with regard to Dutch language proficiency: immigrants who intend to stay increased their proficiency more strongly than immigrants who intend to leave.
Connectivity Requirements for Self-Organizing Traffic Information Systems

To facilitate the dissemination of a time-critical information in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), immediate network connectivity is needed. In other words, a time-critical message from a source should be able to propagate and reach all of the vehicles on the road segment without any delay due to the unavailability of the vehicles to forward the message. Clearly, this requires the road segment to have a certain number of vehicles equipped with communication devices. It is the task of a system designer to determine the minimum number of vehicles (i.e., the minimum penetration) necessary to form a connected network as well as the critical transmission range required to provide such connectivity. In this paper, we present an analytical framework for determining the connectivity requirements in distributing the traffic information in a self-organizing vehicular network. One- and two-way street scenarios are considered. In addition to the conventional perspective on connectivity, where the characteristics of the wireless channel are often neglected, our analysis offers a new view by taking important physical-layer parameters, such as fading, propagation path loss, transmit power, and transmission data rate, into consideration.
Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma: histological progression associates with EBV and HHV6B viral load

The clinical and histological presentations of angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) often mimic an infectious process. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV6) are known to be associated with AITL, but whether these viral infections play a role in its pathogenesis is unclear. It also remains to be investigated whether there might be other viruses associated with AITL. We first screened 26 well‐characterised cases of AITL for herpesvirus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with universal primers and found evidence of only EBV and HHV6B infection. Subsequent PCR using virus‐specific primers demonstrated EBV and HHV6B infection in 40/49 biopsies (36/42 cases) and 21/49 biopsies (19/42 cases) of AITL respectively with both viral infections found in 17/49 specimens (15/42 cases). Importantly, simultaneous infection with both viruses was found only in specimens showing histological pattern II (n = 2) or III (n = 15). Interestingly, among specimens containing both viruses, there was a tendency towards an inverse correlation between the EBV and HHV6B viral load as shown by quantitative PCR. In specimens positive only for EBV, the viral load was significantly higher in specimens with histological pattern III than those with pattern II. High EBV load was also significantly associated with B‐cell monoclonality. Double EBV encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry indicated that EBV‐infected B cells had a late postgerminal centre immunophenotype. Our results demonstrate an association between EBV and HHV6B infection and the histological progression of AITL, suggesting that these viruses may play a role in the pathogenesis of this lymphoma.
GB virus type C infection modulates T-cell activation independently of HIV-1 viral load

Background:Many clinical studies have suggested a beneficial effect of GB virus type C (GBV-C) on the course of HIV-1 infection, but the mechanisms involved in such amelioration are not clear. As recent evidence has implicated cellular activation in HIV-1 pathogenesis, we investigated the effect of GBV-C viremia on T-cell activation in early HIV-1 infection. Methods:Forty-eight recently infected HIV-1 patients (23 GBV-C viremic) were evaluated for T-cell counts, expanded immunophenotyping GBV-C RNA detection, and HIV-1 viral load. Nonparametric univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to identify variables associated with cellular activation, including GBV-C status, HIV-1 viral load, T lymphocyte counts, and CD38 and chemokine (C–C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) surface expression. Finding:We not only confirmed the positive correlation between HIV-1 viral load and the percentage of T cells positive for CD38+CD8+ but also observed that GBV-C viremic patients had a lower percentage of T cells positive for CD38+CD4+, CD38+CD8+, CCR5+CD4+, and CCR5+CD8+ compared with HIV-1-infected patients who were not GBV-C viremic. In regression models, GBV-C RNA+ status was associated with a reduction in the CD38 on CD4+ or CD8+ T cells and CCR5+ on CD8+ T cells, independent of the HIV-1 viral load or CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts. These results were also supported by the lower expression of CD69 and CD25 in GBV-C viremic patients. Interpretation:The association between GBV-C replication and lower T-cell activation may be a key mechanism involved in the protection conferred by this virus against HIV-1 disease progression to immunodeficiency in HIV-1-infected patients.
Modulation of Wnt signaling influences fracture repair

While the importance of Wnt signaling in skeletal development and homeostasis is well documented, little is known regarding its function in fracture repair. We hypothesized that activation and inactivation of Wnt signaling would enhance and impair fracture repair, respectively. Femoral fractures were generated in Lrp5 knockout mice (Lrp5−/−) and wild‐type littermates (Lrp5+/+), as well as C57BL/6 mice. Lrp5−/− and Lrp5+/+ mice were untreated, while C57BL/6 mice were treated 2×/week with vehicle or anti‐Dkk1 antibodies (Dkk1 Ab) initiated immediately postoperatively (Day 0) or 4 days postoperatively (Day 4). Fractures were radiographed weekly until sacrifice at day 28, followed by DXA, pQCT, and biomechanical analyses. Lrp5−/− mice showed impaired repair compared to Lrp5+/+ mice, as evidenced by reduced callus area, BMC, BMD, and biomechanical properties. The effects of Dkk1 Ab treatment depended on the timing of initiation. Day 0 initiation enhanced repair, with significant gains seen for callus area, BMC, BMD, and biomechanical properties, whereas Day 4 initiation had no effect. These results validated our hypothesis that Wnt signaling influences fracture repair, with prompt activation enhancing repair and inactivation impairing it. Furthermore, these data suggest that activation of Wnt signaling during fracture repair may have clinical utility in facilitating fracture repair. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:928–936, 2010
Null control in linear antenna arrays with ensemble differential evolution

This paper describes a synthesis method for null insertion in linear antenna array geometries by using newly proposed ensemble differential evolution (DE) algorithm. The given ensemble DE algorithm uses the advantages of several types of DE algorithms, and fuses them within a single algorithm. In the application, the algorithm searches for the minimization of the difference between the produced radiation pattern of the antenna array and desired radiation pattern, which contains null(s) at some specific aspect angle(s). Simulation results are illustrated for a Chebyshev radiation pattern and the effectiveness of the algorithm is validated. Besides, the results of ensemble DE algorithm are compared with bees algorithm, and the superiority of the proposed algorithm to bees algorithm is demonstrated.
Embryonic Origin of the Islet1 and Pax6 Neurons of the Chicken Central Extended Amygdala Using Cell Migration Assays and Relation to Different Neuropeptide-Containing Cells

In a recent study, we tentatively identified different subdivisions of the central extended amygdala (EAce) in chicken based on the expression of region-specific transcription factors (including Pax6 and Islet1) and several phenotypic markers during embryonic development. Such a proposal was partially based on the suggestion that, similarly to the subdivisions of the EAce of mammals, the Pax6 and Islet1 neurons of the comparable chicken subdivisions derive from the dorsal (Std) or ventral striatal embryonic domains (Stv), respectively. To investigate whether this is true, in the present study, we carried out cell migration assays from chicken Std or Stv combined with immunofluorescence for Pax6 or Islet1. Our results showed that the cells of the proposed chicken EAce truly originate in either Std (expressing Pax6) or Stv (expressing Islet1). This includes lateral subdivisions previously compared to the intercalated amygdalar cells and the central amygdala of mammals, also rich in Std-derived Pax6 cells and/or Stv-derived Islet1 cells. In the medial region of the chicken EAce, the dorsal part of the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTL) contains numerous cells expressing Nkx2.1 (mostly derived from the pallidal domain), but our migration assays showed that it also contains neuron subpopulations from the Stv (expressing Islet1) and Std (expressing Pax6), resembling the mouse BSTL. These findings, together with those previously published in different species of mammals, birds and reptiles, support the homology of the chicken EAce to that of other vertebrates, and reinforce the existence of several cell subcorridors inside the EAce. In addition, together with previously published data on neuropeptidergic cells, these results led us to propose the existence of at least seventeen neuron subtypes in the EAce in rodents and/or some birds (chicken and pigeon). The functional significance and the evolutionary origin of each subtype needs to be analyzed separately, and such studies are mandatory in order to understand the multifaceted modulation by the EAce of fear responses, ingestion, motivation and pain in different vertebrates.
The Adoption of Chief Diversity Officers among S&P 500 Firms: Institutional, Resource Dependence, and Upper Echelons Accounts

The importance of workforce diversity has become a salient management concern given that demographic minorities comprise key sources of the workforce and consumers. As a result, some firms created chief diversity officer (CDO) positions to manage workforce diversity. This study takes a multitheoretic approach, drawing upon institutional, resource dependence, and upper echelons theories to explain firms' adoptions of this key position. Using Cox event history analyses based on a sample of S&P 500 firms, we find that, from an institutional theory perspective, firms are more likely to adopt CDOs when they are headquartered in legalized gay marriage states and the accumulative number of industry CDO adoptions is high. From a resource dependence perspective, we find that firm innovation intensity, diversification levels, transient institutional ownership, and industry female and African American employment bases can predict firms' adoptions of CDO positions. From an upper echelons explanation, we find that female top management team representation is positively associated with firms' adoptions of CDO positions.
Visual perception of male body attractiveness

Based on 69 scanned Chinese male subjects and 25 Caucasian male subjects, the present study showed that the volume height index (VHI) is the most important visual cue to male body attractiveness of young Chinese viewers among the many body parameters examined in the study. VHI alone can explain ca. 73% of the variance of male body attractiveness ratings. The effect of VHI can be fitted with two half bell–shaped exponential curves with an optimal VHI at 17.6 l m–2 and 18.0 l m–2 for female raters and male raters, respectively. In addition to VHI, other body parameters or ratios can have small, but significant effects on male body attractiveness. Body proportions associated with fitness will enhance male body attractiveness. It was also found that there is an optimal waist–to–hip ratio (WHR) at 0.8 and deviations from this optimal WHR reduce male body attractiveness.
Decreased accumulation of ultrasound contrast in the liver of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis rat model.

AIM To investigate the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) using contrast ultrasonography in the NASH rat model. METHODS The liver in methionine choline-deficient diet (MCDD) rats, a NASH model constructed by feeding an MCDD, was examined by contrast ultrasonography at weeks 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16, with late phase images of contrast ultrasonography (Kupffer imaging) in which contrast enhancement was achieved by incorporation of a contrast agent by Kupffer cells (KCs), and images were compared to those in rats taking a regular chow. RESULTS Decrease in contrast enhancement was observed first in MCDD rats at week 2. KCs were counted based on immunohistochemistry, but their numbers were not reduced and it was assumed that attenuation of contrast enhancement was attributable to reduced phagocytic activity of the KCs. CONCLUSION It is suggested that clinical application of contrast ultrasonography may be valuable for non-invasive diagnosis of NASH.
Tetrabutylammonium tetrakis(trimethylsilanolato-κO)ferrate(III)

In the title salt, (C16H36N)[Fe(C3H9OSi)4], the cation contains a central N atom bonded to four n-butyl alkyl groups in a tetrahedral arrangement, while the anion contains a central FeIII atom tetrahedrally coordinated by four trimethylsilanolate ligands.
Molecular-genetic correlates of infant attachment: A cautionary tale

This paper advises caution in relation to the increasing interest in molecular-genetic association studies in developmental psychology based on a set of empirical examples from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) that highlight the fragility of effects reported in the literature on the molecular-genetic correlates of infant attachment. Specifically, this paper updates and provides three extensions to results reported in Luijk et al. (2011), which recently failed to replicate evidence from smaller-sample studies that a set of dopaminergic, serotonergic, and oxytonergic markers are significantly associated with infant attachment security or disorganization. First, we report here that the average effect of “usual suspect” polymorphisms on infant attachment security and disorganization in the SECCYD is approximately zero. Second, because Luijk et al. (2011) reported data based exclusively on the White infants in the SECCYD, this paper reveals that the average effect of polymorphisms featured in this literature is also of trivial magnitude in the non-White sub-sample (cf. Chen, Barth, Johnson, Gotlib, & Johnson, 2011). Third, this paper attempts, but fails, to replicate a recent finding by Raby et al. (2012) suggesting that, although molecular-genetic polymorphisms might not be implicated in security versus insecurity, the serotonin transporter gene contributes to variation in emotional distress during the Strange Situation Procedure. Implications for future research on the genetics of developmental phenotypes in general and attachment in particular are discussed, with a focus on statistical power and model-based theory testing.
Institutions and Other Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa

The primacy of factors of production, such as labour and capital, over Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in stimulating economic growth, has long been a contentious subject in discussions on the underlying causes of economic growth. While the roles of labour and capital have been exhaustively explored, TFP still has room for further exploration, more specifically in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study empirically examines the link between institutions and TFP in SSA, while controlling for other frequently explored variables, for example, research and development, human capital, infrastructure and financial development. The estimations provided in the study are based on a panel of 26 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1990â€“2011. We find that, while some of these factors affect TFP in the long-run, there is a consistent relationship with institutions as well. We also find that market-based institutions play a more prominent role than the more frequently explored political institutions.
Postproduction processing of electrospun fibres for tissue engineering.

Electrospinning is a commonly used and versatile method to produce scaffolds (often biodegradable) for 3D tissue engineering. (1, 2, 3) Many tissues in vivo undergo biaxial distension to varying extents such as skin, bladder, pelvic floor and even the hard palate as children grow. In producing scaffolds for these purposes there is a need to develop scaffolds of appropriate biomechanical properties (whether achieved without or with cells) and which are sterile for clinical use. The focus of this paper is not how to establish basic electrospinning parameters (as there is extensive literature on electrospinning) but on how to modify spun scaffolds post production to make them fit for tissue engineering purposes--here thickness, mechanical properties and sterilisation (required for clinical use) are considered and we also describe how cells can be cultured on scaffolds and subjected to biaxial strain to condition them for specific applications. Electrospinning tends to produce thin sheets; as the electrospinning collector becomes coated with insulating fibres it becomes a poor conductor such that fibres no longer deposit on it. Hence we describe approaches to produce thicker structures by heat or vapour annealing increasing the strength of scaffolds but not necessarily the elasticity. Sequential spinning of scaffolds of different polymers to achieve complex scaffolds is also described. Sterilisation methodologies can adversely affect strength and elasticity of scaffolds. We compare three methods for their effects on the biomechanical properties on electrospun scaffolds of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA). Imaging of cells on scaffolds and assessment of production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by cells on scaffolds is described. Culturing cells on scaffolds in vitro can improve scaffold strength and elasticity but the tissue engineering literature shows that cells often fail to produce appropriate ECM when cultured under static conditions. There are few commercial systems available that allow one to culture cells on scaffolds under dynamic conditioning regimes--one example is the Bose Electroforce 3100 which can be used to exert a conditioning programme on cells in scaffolds held using mechanical grips within a media filled chamber. (4) An approach to a budget cell culture bioreactor for controlled distortion in 2 dimensions is described. We show that cells can be induced to produce elastin under these conditions. Finally assessment of the biomechanical properties of processed scaffolds cultured with or without cells is described.