Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing anaemia in critically ill adults

#### Summary points Anaemia (haemoglobin <120 g/l for women, and <130 g/l for men) is common in acutely unwell patients. Maintaining sufficient oxygen transport to the tissues is fundamental to survival and recovery from acute illness, and in the United Kingdom 8-10% of the blood supply is used to treat patients in intensive care.1 Red blood cells transport more than 97% of the oxygen content of blood—about 200 ml/l—and anaemia greatly reduces oxygen delivery, especially if patients also have cardiovascular and respiratory compromise.2 Transfusion of donor (allogeneic) red blood cells is the standard method for rapidly correcting anaemia in acutely unwell patients, but the risk-benefit balance of this intervention is a subject of continuing debate, controversy, and concern.3 We highlight uncertainties in the management of anaemia in critically ill patients, especially in relation to the use of red cells, and summarise current evidence from observational studies and randomised trials. We focus on the management of anaemia in critically ill patients without active bleeding, such as those who are in adult medical and surgical intensive care units, high dependency units, and other acute units. We do not discuss the management of patients …
A trust-enhanced recommender system application: Moleskiing

Recommender Systems (RS) suggests to users items they will like based on their past opinions. Collaborative Filtering (CF) is the most used technique to assess user similarity between users but very often the sparseness of user profiles prevents the computation. Moreover CF doesn't take into account the reliability of the other users. In this paper we present a real world application, namely moleskiing.it, in which both of these conditions are critic to deliver personalized recommendations. A blog oriented architecture collects user experiences on ski mountaineering and their opinions on other users. Exploitation of Trust Metrics allows to present only relevant and reliable information according to the user's personal point of view of other authors trustworthiness. Differently from the notion of authority, we claim that trustworthiness is a user centered notion that requires the computation of personalized metrics. We also present an open information exchange architecture that makes use of Semantic Web formats to guarantee interoperability between ski mountaineering communities.
Performance assessment of vapor compression systems utilizing low global warming potential hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide as working fluids

The air conditioning (AC) refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) as well as hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) have been major factor affecting on the global warming. These harmful refrigerants have long life-span emissions and can travel to the stratospheric layer (20-50 km above the earth’s surface) that possess detrimental ultraviolet (UV) radiation and through a reactive chain a chlorine atom forms that break this beneficial layer of the ozone. The drawbacks of breaking this layer are countless, but to name one the (UV) radiation causes death to many species because of its high ozone depletion potentials (ODP) and high global warming potentials (GWP). Alternative substitutes to these refrigerants are the universally accepted demands of using low global warming potentials (low GWP) and low ozone depletion potentials (low ODP) refrigerants such as carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons (HC). In this thesis, a mixture of carbon dioxide (CO#) with hydrocarbons (HC) such as propane (C$ H'), propylene (C$ H(), n-butane (C)H*+), and dimethyl ether (C#H(O) are implemented to substitute the current refrigerants. The highpressure problematic associated with carbon dioxide is reduced upon mixing with hydrocarbons (HC). In addition, the blending process lowers the flammability characteristic of the hydrocarbons (HC) since carbon dioxide is non-flammable refrigerant. The implementation was made based on the refrigerants’ thermodynamic characteristics, low toxicity, low global warming potentials (GWP), and zero ozone-depletion potentials (ODP). The study was performed on simulations by MATLAB code linked with REFPROP database for vapor compression cycle system consisting of compressor, condenser, throttling valve, energy exchanger, and evaporator. The blend of these hydrocarbons with carbon dioxide enhances the performance of the system at mole fraction of 10% and 90% of carbon dioxide. The blend of propane as well as propylene with carbon dioxide at these ratios reached the highest coefficient of performance (COP). Whereas the blend of n-butane with carbon dioxide has decreased the coefficient of performance (COP). The dimethyl ether with carbon dioxide has resulted in an intermediate coefficient of performance (COP) between the other two hydrocarbons. The volumetric cooling capacity (Qc) has been enhancing with the addition of carbon dioxide (CO#) to maximum at mole fraction of 100% carbon dioxide (CO#).
Interactive locality optimization on NUMA architectures

Optimizing the performance of shared-memory NUMA programs remains something of a black art, requiring that application writers possess deep understanding of their programs' behaviors. This difficulty represents one of the remaining hindrances to the widespread adoption and deployment of these cost-efficient and scalable shared-memory NUMA architectures. To address this problem, we have developed a performance monitoring infrastructure and a corresponding set of tools to aid in visualizing and understanding the subtleties of the memory access behavior of parallel NUMA applications with large datasets. The tools are designed to be general, interoperable, and easily portable. We give detailed examples of the use of one particular tool in the set. We have used this memory access visualization tool profitably on a range of applications, improving performance by around 90%, on average.
An Extended Collaborative Filtering-based Recommendation Procedure for Multimedia Contents in M-commerce

As mobile market grows more and more fast, the mobile contents market, especially music contents for mobile phones have record remarkable growth. In spite of this rapid growth, mobile web users experience high levels of frustration to search the desired music. And new musics are very profitable to the content providers, but the existing CF system can’ t recommend them. To solve this problem, we propose an extended CF system to reflect the user’ s real preference by representing users in the feature space. We represent the musics using the music’ s content based acoustic feature like timbral, MFCCs, rhythmic, and pitch contents in multi-dimensional feature space, and then select a neighborhood with distance based function. And for new music recommendation, we match the new music with other users’ preference. To verify the performance of the proposed system, the simulation imitating the real user’ s decision-making and context in conducted. Through comparison with the pure CF, we validate our system’ s performance
A Review on ACO based Scheduling Algorithm in Cloud Computing

Task scheduling plays a key role in cloud computing systems. Scheduling of tasks cannot be done on the basis of single criteria but under a lot of rules and regulations that we can term as an agreement between users and providers of cloud. This agreement is nothing but the quality of service that the user wants from the providers. Providing good quality of services to the users according to the agreement is a decisive task for the providers as at the same time there are a large number of tasks running at the provider’s side. In this paper we are performing comparative study of the different algorithms for their suitability, feasibility, adaptability in the context of cloud scenario.
Impact of gate material engineering on ED‐TFET for improving DC/analogue‐RF/linearity performances

To avoid the fabrication complexity and cost of nanoscale devices, a dual metal gate (DMG) in polarity controlled electrically doped tunnel field-effect transistor (ED-TFET) has been introduced first time for DC, analogue/radio frequency (RF) and linearity performance improvement. The formation of n+ drain and p+ source regions are done by applying polarity biases of PG-1 as 1.2 V and PG-2 as −1.2 V, respectively, over the silicon body in DMG-ED-TFET. Different analogue/RF and linearity performance metrics of DMG-ED-TFET are evaluated using ATLAS device simulator and compared with that of ED-TFET. The figure of merits (FOMs) studied in this work for DMG-ED-TFET are in terms of transconductance, gate-to-drain capacitance, gain bandwidth product, cut-off frequency and linearity parameters such as third-order transconductance coefficient ( g m 3 ), VIP3, IIP3 and IMD3. From the simulations, it is found that DMG-ED-TFET achieves significant improvement in these FOMs as compared to ED-TFET due to introduction of dual metal at gate electrode (gate workfunction engineering). The work has also optimised the proposed device to attain optimum analogue/RF and linearity performance.
Word Sense Disambiguation Using Lexical Cohesion in the Context

This paper designs a novel lexical hub to disambiguate word sense, using both syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations of words. It only employs the semantic network of WordNet to calculate word similarity, and the Edinburgh Association Thesaurus (EAT) to transform contextual space for computing syntagmatic and other domain relations with the target word. Without any back-off policy the result on the English lexical sample of SENSEVAL-21 shows that lexical cohesion based on edge-counting techniques is a good way of unsupervisedly disambiguating senses.
Syntactic Patterns versus Word Alignment: Extracting Opinion Targets from Online Reviews

Mining opinion targets is a fundamental and important task for opinion mining from online reviews. To this end, there are usually two kinds of methods: syntax based and alignment based methods. Syntax based methods usually exploited syntactic patterns to extract opinion targets, which were however prone to suffer from parsing errors when dealing with online informal texts. In contrast, alignment based methods used word alignment model to fulfill this task, which could avoid parsing errors without using parsing. However, there is no research focusing on which kind of method is more better when given a certain amount of reviews. To fill this gap, this paper empirically studies how the performance of these two kinds of methods vary when changing the size, domain and language of the corpus. We further combine syntactic patterns with alignment model by using a partially supervised framework and investigate whether this combination is useful or not. In our experiments, we verify that our combination is effective on the corpus with small and medium size.
Study on the cations-exchanged zeolite and its influence on mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of rubber composites

Enhancement of the physicomechanical properties of rubber can be achieved by the incorporation of reinforcing fillers, such as clay. Cation-exchanged zeolites (CEZes) were prepared by exchanging the native Na+ ions with single inorganic cations (magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), or strontium) and/or double cations (Zn-Mg), then they were processed as reinforcing fillers in the two type of synthetic rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). Characterization of modified zeolite (Ze) was implemented using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The aim of this article is to study the influence of Ze and CEZe loadings on the rheometrical and physicomechanical properties of both NBR and SBR composites, also the thermogravimetric analysis was examined and the results were discussed. The results showed that the composites exhibited remarkable improvements in tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness in the presence of CEZe and also an increase in thermal stability was reported.
Semantic Constraints for Trust Transitivity

To describe the concept of transitive trust in a simplified way, assume that agent A trusts agent B, and that agent B trusts agent C, then by transitivity, agent A trusts agent C. Trust transitivity manifests itself in various forms during real life human interaction, but can be challenging to concisely model in a formal way. In this paper we describe principles for expressing and analysing transitive trust networks, and define requirements for their validity. This framework can be used for modelling transitive trust in computerised interactions, and can be combined with algebras and algorithms for computing propagation of both trust and distrust. This is illustrated by an example where transitive trust is mathematically analysed with belief calculus.
Behind the Times: Detecting Epoch Changes using Large Corpora

Using large corpora of chronologically ordered language, it is possible to explore diachronic phenomena, identifying previously unknown correlations between language usage and time periods, or epochs. We focused on a statistical approach to epoch delimitation and introduced the task of epoch characterization. We investigated the significant changes in the distribution of terms in the Google N-gram corpus and their relationships with emotion words. The results show that the method is reliable and the task is feasible.
Live imaging of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis: Disease onset is characterized by marked induction of GFAP in Schwann cells

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a late‐onset neurological disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons. At present, the pathological events precipitating disease onset and the exact pattern of disease progression are not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that glial cells, in particular activated astrocytes, can release factors that can directly kill motor neurons. To further investigate the involvement of glial cells (astrocytes and Schwann cells) in the pathogenesis of ALS, we generated ALS‐(GFAP‐luciferase/SODG93A) reporter mouse in which upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) can be visualized from live animals throughout the different stages of disease. Our results suggest that the disease in mice is initiated simultaneously in the spinal cord and in the peripheral nerves and is characterized by several cycles of GFAP upregulation. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that the induction GFAP bioluminescence signals were associated with the significant increases in GFAP immunoreactivity. The first pathological GFAP signals occurring at 25–30 days were asymptomatic and detectable at the level of lumbar spinal cord projections and at the periphery. These early events were then followed by GFAP promoter inductions that were associated with the distinct clinical symptoms. As expected, the onset of paralysis (112 days) was associated with the gradual and marked GFAP upregulation in the spinal cord. Interestingly, however, the disease onset (90 days) was characterized by sharp and synchronized induction of GFAP in peripheral nerve Schwann cells suggesting that peripheral nerves pathology/denervation and associated Schwann cell stress may play an important role in the ALS pathogenesis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ising spin glass models versus Ising models: an effective mapping at high temperature: III. Rigorous formulation and detailed proof for general graphs

Recently, it has been shown that, when the dimension of a graph turns out to be infinite-dimensional in a broad sense, the upper critical surface and the corresponding critical behavior of an arbitrary Ising spin glass model defined over such a graph can be exactly mapped on the critical surface and behavior of a non-random Ising model. A graph can be infinite-dimensional in a strict sense, like the fully connected graph, or in a broad sense, as happens on a Bethe lattice and in many random graphs. In this paper, we firstly introduce our definition of dimensionality which is compared to the standard definition and readily applied to test the infinite dimensionality of a large class of graphs which, remarkably enough, includes even graphs where the tree-like approximation (or, in other words, the Bethe–Peierls approach), in general, may be wrong. Then, we derive a detailed proof of the mapping for all the graphs satisfying this condition. As a by-product, the mapping provides immediately a very general Nishimori law.
Development of a Representative Mouse Model with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease in the Western world. It represents a disease spectrum ranging from isolated steatosis to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In particular, NASH can evolve to fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. The development of novel treatment strategies is hampered by the lack of representative NASH mouse models. Here, we describe a NASH mouse model, which is based on feeding non–genetically manipulated C57BL6/J mice a ‘Western style’ high‐fat/high‐sucrose diet (HF‐HSD). HF‐HSD leads to early obesity, insulin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia. After 12 weeks of HF‐HSD, all mice exhibit the complete spectrum of features of NASH, including steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, and lobular inflammation, together with fibrosis in the majority of mice. Hence, this model closely mimics the human disease. Implementation of this mouse model will lead to a standardized setup for the evaluation of (i) underlying mechanisms that contribute to the progression of NAFLD to NASH, and (ii) therapeutic interventions for NASH. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Challenges in 3D Reconstruction from Images for Difficult Large-Scale Objects: A Study on the Modeling of Electrical Substations

In recent years, 3D reconstruction from images has played a major role in computer vision with a lot of improvements regarding both quality and performance. One of its main uses is the generation of 3D models of objects that are difficult to modeling. In the electrical sector, 3D reconstruction from images shows itself as a candidate to be used in specific scenarios with the advantage of its low price compared to laser scanning techniques. In fact, there are many industrial applications that can use the power of 3D reconstruction from images but no work has focused more deeply on their requirements yet. This paper analyzes the advantages and drawbacks in using 3D reconstruction from image techniques and tools in the uncontrolled environment of an electrical substation from the scenario characteristics and tools limitations points of view. Some representative available tools (commercial and academic) where evaluated and the relationship between scenario/object characteristics and reconstructed model quality could be pointed out for further improvements of the techniques in future work. This results can be used to create industrial applications with large scale difficult objects.
Mechanics and energetics of level walking with powered ankle exoskeletons

SUMMARY Robotic lower limb exoskeletons that can alter joint mechanical power output are novel tools for studying the relationship between the mechanics and energetics of human locomotion. We built pneumatically powered ankle exoskeletons controlled by the user's own soleus electromyography (i.e. proportional myoelectric control) to determine whether mechanical assistance at the ankle joint could reduce the metabolic cost of level, steady-speed human walking. We hypothesized that subjects would reduce their net metabolic power in proportion to the average positive mechanical power delivered by the bilateral ankle exoskeletons. Nine healthy individuals completed three 30 min sessions walking at 1.25 m s–1 while wearing the exoskeletons. Over the three sessions, subjects' net metabolic energy expenditure during powered walking progressed from +7% to –10% of that during unpowered walking. With practice, subjects significantly reduced soleus muscle activity (by ∼28% root mean square EMG, P<0.0001) and negative exoskeleton mechanical power (–0.09 W kg–1 at the beginning of session 1 and –0.03 W kg–1 at the end of session 3; P=0.005). Ankle joint kinematics returned to similar patterns to those observed during unpowered walking. At the end of the third session, the powered exoskeletons delivered ∼63% of the average ankle joint positive mechanical power and ∼22% of the total positive mechanical power generated by all of the joints summed (ankle, knee and hip) during unpowered walking. Decreases in total joint positive mechanical power due to powered ankle assistance (∼22%) were not proportional to reductions in net metabolic power (∼10%). The `apparent efficiency' of the ankle joint muscle–tendon system during human walking (∼0.61) was much greater than reported values of the `muscular efficiency' of positive mechanical work for human muscle (∼0.10–0.34). High ankle joint `apparent efficiency' suggests that recoiling Achilles' tendon contributes a significant amount of ankle joint positive power during the push-off phase of walking in humans.
Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas

This paper assesses the real-time performance of the Commerce Department's composite index of leading indicators. We find that the composite leading index has failed to provide reliable advance warning of cyclical turning points. One reason for this failure is that the leading index's transition from expansion to contraction is generally not very sharp. Consequently, cyclical peaks in the index are difficult to discern in real time. While transitions from contraction to expansion are sharp on average, cyclical troughs in the leading index often precede cyclical troughs in the economy by only a few months. Consequently, even timely recognition of troughs in the leading index fails to provide advance warning of turnarounds in the general level of economic activity.
Cyclin D Does Not Provide Essential Cdk4-Independent Functions in Drosophila

The three mammalian D-type cyclins are thought to promote progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle as regulatory subunits of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6. In addition, they have been proposed to control the activity of various transcription factors without a partner kinase. Here we describe phenotypic consequences of null mutations in Cyclin D, the single D-type cyclin gene in Drosophila. As previously observed with null mutations in the single Drosophila Cdk4 gene, these mutations do not primarily affect progression through the G1 phase. Moreover, the apparently indistinguishable phenotypes of double (CycD and Cdk4) and single mutants (CycD or Cdk4) argue against major independent functions of Cyclin D and Cdk4. The reduced cellular and organismal growth rates observed in both mutants indicate that Cyclin D-Cdk4 acts as a growth driver.
Quantification of small GTPase glucosylation by clostridial glucosylating toxins using multiplexed MRM analysis

Large clostridial toxins mono‐O‐glucosylate small GTPases of the Rho and Ras subfamily. As a result of glucosylation, the GTPases are inhibited and thereby corresponding downstream signaling pathways are disturbed. Current methods for quantifying the extent of glucosylation include sequential [14C]glucosylation, sequential [32P]ADP‐ribosylation, and Western Blot detection of nonglucosylated GTPases, with neither method allowing the quantification of the extent of glucosylation of an individual GTPase. Here, we describe a novel MS‐based multiplexed MRM assay to specifically quantify the glucosylation degree of small GTPases. This targeted proteomics approach achieves a high selectivity and reproducibility, which allows determination of the in vivo substrate pattern of glucosylating toxins. As proof of principle, GTPase glucosylation was analyzed in CaCo‐2 cells treated with TcdA, and glucosylation kinetics were determined for RhoA/B, RhoC, RhoG, Ral, Rap1, Rap2, (H/K/N)Ras, and R‐Ras2.