Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
American Parenting of Language-Learning Children: Persisting Differences in Family-Child Interactions Observed in Natural Home Environments.

Forty families were selected to represent the range of typical American families in size, race, and socioeconomic status. In data from 2 1/2 years of once-monthly, hour-long observations of unstructured parent-child interactions in the home, parenting was examined over 27 months, including the time before, during, and after all the children learned to talk
Fundamental limits of distributed caching in multihop D2D wireless networks

We consider a wireless Device-to-Device (D2D) caching network, where users make arbitrary requests from a library of files and have pre-fetched (cached) information on their devices, subject to a per-node storage capacity constraint. The network is assumed to obey the “protocol model”, widely considered in the wireless network literature. Unlike other related works, which either restrict the communication to single-hop, or assume entire file caching, here we consider both multi-hop transmission and fully general caching strategies, including file subpacketization. We propose a caching strategy based on deterministic assignment of MDS-coded packets of the library files, and a coded multicast delivery strategy where the users send linearly coded messages to each other in order to collectively satisfy their demands. We show that our approach can achieve the information theoretic outer bound within a multiplicative constant factor in practical parameter regimes.
2 Uncertainty , associability and the Kalman filter

It is a commonplace in statistics that uncertainty about parameters drives learning. Indeed one of the most influential models of behavioural learning has uncertainty at its heart. However, many popular theoretical models of learning focus exclusively on error, and ignore uncertainty. Here we review the links between learning and uncertainty from three perspectives: statistical theories such as the Kalman filter, psychological models in which differential attention is paid to stimuli with an effect on the speed of learning associated with those stimuli, and neurobiological data on the influence of the neuromodulators acetylcholine and norepinephrine on learning and inference.
Regulation of E2 Promoter Binding Factor 1 (E2F1) Transcriptional Activity through a Deubiquitinating Enzyme, UCH37*

Background: Posttranslational modifications of E2F1 alter its transcriptional activity. Results: UCH37 binds E2F1 and deubiquitinates its UbK63-specific linkages to enhance the transcriptional activation of E2F1 target genes, particularly upon DNA damage. Conclusion: Ubiquitination and deubiquitination of UbK63-specific linkages provide an additional layer of regulation for E2F1 transcriptional activity. Significance: UCH37 is the first known deubiquitinating enzyme to directly regulate E2F1. E2F1 is tightly controlled by multiple mechanisms, but whether ubiquitination regulates its transcriptional activity remains unknown. Here we identify UCH37 as the first, to our knowledge, deubiquitinating enzyme for E2F1. UCH37 does not deubiquitinate UbK48 chains or affect E2F1 protein stability. Instead, UCH37, but not a catalytically dead mutant, decreases the Lys-63-linked ubiquitination of E2F1 and activates its transcriptional activity. UCH37 depletion reduces the gene expression of both proliferative and pro-apoptotic E2F1 target genes. UCH37 depletion also decreases both cell proliferation and apoptosis induction in functional assays. Interestingly, UCH37 expression is induced by E2F1, and its level rises in G1/S transition and S phase, suggesting a positive feedback loop between UCH37 and E2F1. UCH37 protein and mRNA levels are also induced after DNA damage. UCH37 localizes to the promoters of E2F1 pro-apoptotic target genes such as caspase 3, caspase 7, PARP1, and Apaf-1 and activates their expression after DNA damage. Moreover, the expression of E2F1 proliferative and pro-apoptotic genes is correlated with the levels of UCH37 in many primary tumors. These results uncover a novel mechanism for E2F1 transcriptional activation through removal of its Lys-63-linked ubiquitination by UCH37.
Incorporation of QCD effects in basic corrections of the electroweak theory.

We study the incorporation of QCD effects in the basic electroweak corrections [Delta][ital [cflx r]], [Delta][ital [cflx r]][sub [ital W]], and [Delta][ital r]. They include perturbative [ital O]([alpha][alpha][sub [ital s]]) contributions and [ital t[bar t]] threshold effects. The latter are studied in the resonance and Green-function approaches, in the framework of dispersion relations that automatically satisfy relevant Ward identities. Refinements in the treatment of the electroweak corrections, in both the modified minimal subtraction (M[bar S]) and the on-shell schemes of renormalization, are introduced, including the decoupling of the top quark in certain amplitudes, its effect on [ital [cflx e]][sup 2]([ital m][sub [ital Z]]) and sin[sup 2][cflx [theta]][sub [ital W]]([ital m][sub [ital Z]]), the incorporation of recent results on the leading irreducible [ital O]([alpha][sup 2]) corrections, and simple expressions for the residual, i.e., nonelectromagnetic,'' parts of [Delta][ital [cflx r]], [Delta][ital [cflx r]][sub [ital W]], and [Delta][ital r]. The results are used to obtain accurate values for [ital m][sub [ital W]] and sin[sup 2][cflx [theta]][sub [ital W]]([ital m][sub [ital Z]]), as functions of [ital m][sub [ital t]] and [ital m][sub [ital H]]. The higher-order effects induce shifts in these parameters comparable to the expected experimental accuracy, and they increase the prediction formore » [ital m][sub [ital t]] derived from current measurements. The M[bar S] and the on-shell calculations of [Delta][ital r], in a recently proposed formulation, are compared and found to be in excellent agreement over the wide ranges 60 GeV [le][ital m][sub [ital H]][le]1 TeV, [ital m][sub [ital Z]][le][ital m][sub [ital t]][le]250 GeV. « less
Interpersonal psychotherapy: A review and multicultural critique

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a therapeutic approach focusing on the role of interpersonal dynamics in creating psychological difficulties that may be particularly relevant to the field of counselling psychology. IPT’s development within randomized controlled trials in the 1970s resulted in a strong empirical foundation without a cohesive theory. Regardless, theorists have since created a theoretical framework for IPT, which has received empirical support. Counselling psychologists have contributed to this research base and may have unique expertise to enhance IPT. Specifically, counselling psychologists can help integrate multicultural and diversity perspectives into IPT with the goal of creating a more culturally competent approach. For example, several aspects of IPT can be expanded to reflect these perspectives, such as integrating cultural sensitivity, cultural knowledge, cultural empathy, and cultural guidance. The authors conclude that IPT is a well-researched and effective treatment approach that holds potential for continued development within counselling psychology.
Heterosexism in school: the counselling experience of Chinese tongzhi students in Hong Kong

ABSTRACT The study is part of a larger project involving a phenomenological inquiry into the lived experiences of tongzhi students in Hong Kong public schools. The research question of this article focuses on the counselling experiences of nine Chinese lesbian, gay, bisexual and questioning/queer (LGBQ) students aged 14–18 in Hong Kong Chinese secondary schools. We conducted qualitative data analyses via a software package for data coding and data reduction. Four themes emerged: Feeling fearful: judging my sexuality; Feeling disengaged: omitting my sexuality; Feeling alienated: pathologising my sexuality; Feeling supported: making an effort to understand my sexuality. The findings from the present study inform the development of school counselling within Chinese societies by generating recommendations about counsellors’ professional codes of ethics, counsellor training and practice.
Comparison of outcomes after umbilical cord blood and unmanipulated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with high‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an effective therapy for children with high‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐haploidentical HSCT (haplo‐HSCT) or umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) are both important alternative sources of stem cells for those without an HLA‐identical sibling donor or unrelated matched donor. We aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of single UCBT and unmanipulated haplo‐HSCT in high‐risk ALL children (n = 129). Hematopoietic recovery was significantly faster in haplo‐HSCT recipients than in UCBT recipients. The 2‐year cumulative incidences of relapse in the haplo‐HSCT and UCBT groups were 16.1% and 24.1%, respectively (p = 0.169). The 2‐year cumulative incidences of non‐relapse mortality in the haplo‐HSCT and UCBT groups were 12.8% and 18.8%, respectively (p = 0.277). The 2‐year probabilities of overall survival in the haplo‐HSCT and UCBT groups were 82.0% and 69.6%, respectively (p = 0.071), and the 2‐year probability of disease‐free survival in the haplo‐HSCT group was higher than in the UCBT group (71.0% vs. 57.2%, p = 0.040). However, several variables (such as leukocyte count and cytogenetics at diagnosis) were different between the groups, and a possible center effect should also be considered. In addition, only mild and moderate chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) was associated with significantly improved survival compared to those without chronic GVHD in multivariate analysis. Thus, our results show that both unmanipulated haplo‐HSCT and UCBT are valid for high‐risk ALL children lacking a HLA matched donor, and both strategies expand the donor pool for children in need.
A global steering method for general dynamical nonholonomic systems

In this paper, we extend the globally convergent steering algorithm for regular nonholonomic systems presented in to a much larger class of systems which contain singularities. This extension is based on the construction of a continuous first order approximation of the control system. We also propose an exact motion planning method for nilpotent systems. The method makes use of sinusoidal control laws and generalizes the algorithm presented in for steering chained-form systems. It gives rise to C1 trajectories, then makes easy dynamical extension.
Finding Genetic Overlaps Among Diseases Based on Ranked Gene Lists

To understand disease relationships in terms of their genetic mechanisms, it is important to study the common genetic basis among different diseases. Although discoveries on pleiotropic genes related to multiple diseases abound, methods flexibly applicable to various types of datasets generated from different studies or experiments are needed to gain big pictures on the genetic relationships among a large number of diseases. We develop a set of genetic similarity measures to gauge the genetic overlap between diseases, as well as several estimators of the number of overlapping disease genes between diseases. These methods are based on ranked gene lists so that they could be flexibly applied to different types of data. We first investigate the performance of the genetic similarity measure for evaluating the similarity between human diseases in simulation studies. Then we apply the method to diseases in the OMIM database. We show that our proposed genetic measure achieves superior performance in explaining phenotype similarities between diseases compared to simpler methods. Furthermore, we identified common genes underlying the genetic overlap between disease pairs. With an example of five vision-related diseases, we demonstrate how our methods can provide insights into the relationships among diseases based on their shared genetic mechanisms.
Recent Results in Path Planning for Mobile Robots Operating in Vast Outdoor Environments

Mobile robots operating in vast outdoor unstructured environments often only have incomplete maps and must deal with new objects found during traversal. Path planning in such sparsely occupied regions must be incremental to accommodate new information and must use efficient representations. In this paper we report recent results in path planning using an efficient data structure (framed quadtrees) and an optimal algorithm (D*) to incorporate knowledge of the environment as it incrementally discovered. In particular, we show the difference in performance when the robot starts with no information about the world versus when it starts with partial information about the world. Our results indicate that, as would be expected, starting with partial information is better than starting with no information. However, in many cases, the effect of partial information is performance that is almost as good as starting out with complete information about the world, while the computational cost incurred is significantly lower. Our system has been tested in simulation as well on an autonomous jeep, equipped with local obstacle avoidance capabilities and results from both simulation and real experimentation are discussed.
Home Extensions in the United Kingdom: Space, Time, and Practice

This paper begins with two observations: that UK homes appear to have accumulated increasing numbers of domestic technologies, yet new houses are smaller, on average, than those built before 1980. The spatial pressures placed on homes that result from the accumulation of technologies are explored by drawing upon forty household interviews which enquired into the domestic organisation of kitchen and bathroom technologies and practices. Many households have responded to such spatial pressures by extending or reformulating their domestic spaces: such that kitchens are becoming increasingly multifunctional spaces and bathrooms are multiplying. It is argued that these trends are not simply driven by an unstoppable tide of material possession but reflect context-specific arrangements related to the temporal and ideological structuring of domestic practices. Technologies and practices coevolve with the result that new demands are made on homes—the commodities and objects with which we live our lives influence our experience of space and the value placed on different physical configurations. Domestic technologies are therefore implicated in the structure and reproduction of practice and hence in the choreography of things and people in time and space.
Drug Use and Ethnicity in Early Adolescence

Different Worlds: Drug Use and Ethnicity in Early Adolescence. Context and Design of the Study G.J. Warheit. Substance Use and Other Social Deviance G.J. Warheit, A.G. Gil. Pathways to Drug Use W.A. Vega, et al. Are Girls Different? A Developmental Perspective on Gender Differences in Risk Factors for Substance Use Among Adolescents E.L. Khoury. Cultural Adjustment and Hispanic Adolescent Drug Use W.A. Vega, A.G. Gil. Developmental Patterns of African American Adolescent Drug Use F. Biafora, R.S. Zimmerman. Prevention Implications and Conclusions. Appendix. Index.
All Anglos are alike? A study of whinging Poms and bloody-minded Aussies

Abstract Cross-cultural service research is an important topic with a rich array of empirical evidence for differences in customer perceptions, attitudes and behaviours. However, the extant literature is almost exclusively focused on differences between cultures at each end of the diversity spectrum (most commonly East vs. West). Contemporary researchers have observed that existing studies fail to acknowledge the substantially greater levels of intra-cluster variation that exist. A cultural cluster is a group of countries that reflect values, attitudes and beliefs stemming from a common cultural ancestry. This seems surprising given the anecdotal evidence and stereotypes that are portrayed in popular culture, media and art. One area where intra-cluster variation may be evident is consumer complaint behaviour and in particular within the Anglo-cultural cluster in countries. A cultural cluster is a group of countries that reflect values, attitudes and beliefs stemming from a common cultural ancestry. The aim of this study is therefore to explore and elucidate the nature of differences in consumer complaint behaviour between cultures traditionally conceived and operationalised as identical. This study presents a qualitative study of 60 in-depth interviews with consumers in the United Kingdom and Australia and identifies differences in complaining styles, parental influence and the conceptualisation of complaining.
Non-binary turbo-coded OFDM-PLC system in the presence of impulsive noise

The power-line communication (PLC) channel causes information-bearing signals to be affected by impulsive noise and the effects of the multipath fading. To mitigate these effects, we propose the employment of non-binary turbo codes, since non-binary error-correcting codes generally promise an enhanced performance in such harsh environments. In this paper, we investigate the performance of non-binary turbo-codes on PLC channels that exhibit frequency selectivity with additive Middleton Class A noise and compare with a comparable binary turbo-coded PLC system. In order to reduce the effect of multipath and impulsive noise, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) with non-linear receivers (blanking and clipping) have been employed. The system is examined on extremely impulsive channels where the value of the impulsive index (A) is 0.01 and the noise ratio (Γ) is 0.01. The results show that non-binary turbo codes are very robust and achieve a large gain over binary turbo codes on PLC channels.
Advisory committees in contract and grant‐funded evaluation projects

This chapter describes the use of evaluation advisory committees in contract and grant‐funded evaluation projects. It defines what constitutes an evaluation advisory committee. It identifies five key functions of evaluation advisory committees: stakeholder engagement, maximizing external credibility, political conciliation, promotion of methodological integrity, and promotion of use. Typical features are explained: size, composition, meeting content, expectations for authority, and decision making. Whether to have an advisory committee is discussed. A range of examples—from fields of human services, public health, education, and others—illustrates the uses, functions, features, and compositional options of committees. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Genetic and Nongenetic Variation Revealed for the Principal Components of Human Gene Expression

Principal components analysis has been employed in gene expression studies to correct for population substructure and batch and environmental effects. This method typically involves the removal of variation contained in as many as 50 principal components (PCs), which can constitute a large proportion of total variation present in the data. Each PC, however, can detect many sources of variation, including gene expression networks and genetic variation influencing transcript levels. We demonstrate that PCs generated from gene expression data can simultaneously contain both genetic and nongenetic factors. From heritability estimates we show that all PCs contain a considerable portion of genetic variation while nongenetic artifacts such as batch effects were associated to varying degrees with the first 60 PCs. These PCs demonstrate an enrichment of biological pathways, including core immune function and metabolic pathways. The use of PC correction in two independent data sets resulted in a reduction in the number of cis- and trans-expression QTL detected. Comparisons of PC and linear model correction revealed that PC correction was not as efficient at removing known batch effects and had a higher penalty on genetic variation. Therefore, this study highlights the danger of eliminating biologically relevant data when employing PC correction in gene expression data.
Total communicability as a centrality measure

We examine a node centrality measure based on the notion of total communicability, defined in terms of the row sums of the exponential of the adjacency matrix of the network. We argue that this is a natural metric for ranking nodes in a network, and we point out that it can be computed very rapidly even in the case of large networks. Furthermore, we propose the total sum of node communicabilities as a useful measure of network connectivity. Extensive numerical studies are conducted in order to compare this centrality measure with the closely related ones of subgraph centrality [E. Estrada and J. A. Rodriguez-Velazquez, Phys. Rev. E, 71 (2005), 056103] and Katz centrality [L. Katz, Psychometrica, 18 (1953), pp. 39-43]. Both synthetic and real-world networks are used in the computations.
Factors affecting the amount of genomic DNA extracted from ape faeces and the identification of an improved sample storage method

Genetic analysis using noninvasively collected samples such as faeces continues to pose a formidable challenge because of unpredictable variation in the extent to which usable DNA is obtained. We investigated the influence of multiple variables on the quantity of DNA extracted from faecal samples from wild mountain gorillas and chimpanzees. There was a small negative correlation between temperature at time of collection and the amount of DNA obtained. Storage of samples either in RNAlater solution or dried using silica gel beads produced similar results, but significantly higher amounts of DNA were obtained using a novel protocol that combines a short period of storage in ethanol with subsequent desiccation using silica.
Knr4: a disordered hub protein at the heart of fungal cell wall signalling

The most highly connected proteins in protein–protein interactions networks are called hubs; they generally connect signalling pathways. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Knr4 constitutes a connecting node between the two main signal transmission pathways involved in cell wall maintenance upon stress: the cell wall integrity and the calcium–calcineurin pathway. Knr4 is required to enable the cells to resist many cell wall‐affecting stresses, and KNR4 gene deletion is synthetic lethal with the simultaneous deletion of numerous other genes involved in morphogenesis and cell wall biogenesis. Knr4 has been shown to engage in multiple physical interactions, an ability conferred by the intrinsic structural adaptability of major disordered regions present in the N‐terminal and C‐terminal parts of the protein. Taking all together, Knr4 is an intrinsically disordered hub protein. Available data from other fungi indicate the conservation of Knr4 homologs cellular function and localization at sites of polarized growth among fungal species, including pathogenic species. Because of their particular role in morphogenesis control and of their fungal specificity, these proteins could constitute interesting new pharmaceutical drug targets for antifungal combination therapy.