Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A CSP-based framework for the specification, verification, and implementation of adaptive systems

The process algebra CSP is tailored for the specification and verification of reactive systems. Such systems react upon external stimuli by adjusting their internal behavior, e.g., to recover from errors. Adaptive systems can be regarded as a subclass of reactive systems in the sense that such systems react by adapting to changes propagated by some stimulus. In this paper, we use CSP for the specification, verification and implementation of adaptive systems. This enables us to use standard CSP tools such as FDR, ProB or the CSP-Prover for the verification of such systems. Furthermore, we present an approach for the implementation of systems specified in CSP.
Sensor-Based Control Architecture for a Car-Like Vehicle

This paper presents a control architecture endowing a car-like vehicle moving in a dynamic and partially known environment with autonomous motion capabilities. Like most recent control architectures for autonomous robot systems, it combines three functional components: a set of basic real-time skills, a reactive execution mechanism and a decision module. The main novelty of the architecture proposed lies in the introduction of a fourth component akin to a meta-level of skills: the sensor-based manoeuvers, i.e., general templates that encode high-level expert human knowledge and heuristics about how a specific motion task is to be performed. The concept of sensor-based manoeuvers permit to reduce the planning effort required to address a given motion task, thus improving the overall response-time of the system, while retaining the good properties of a skill-based architecture, i.e., robustness, flexibility and reactivity. The paper focuses on the trajectory planning function (which is an important part of the decision module) and two types of sensor-based manoeuvers, trajectory following and parallel parking, that have been implemented and successfully tested on a real automatic car-like vehicle placed in different situations.
Spread of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus from a Paralytic Case in an Immunodeficient Child: an Insight into the Natural Evolution of Oral Polio Vaccine

ABSTRACT Sabin strains used in the manufacture of oral polio vaccine (OPV) replicate in the human organism and can give rise to vaccine-derived polioviruses. The increased neurovirulence of vaccine derivatives has been known since the beginning of OPV use, but their ability to establish circulation in communities has been recognized only recently during the latest stages of the polio eradication campaign. This important observation called for studies of their emergence and evolution as well as extensive surveillance to determine the scope of this phenomenon. Here, we present the results of a study of vaccine-derived isolates from an immunocompromised poliomyelitis patient, the contacts, and the local sewage. All isolates were identified as closely related and slightly evolved vaccine derivatives with a recombinant type 2/type 1 genome. The strains also shared several amino acid substitutions including a mutation in the VP1 protein that was previously shown to be associated with the loss of attenuation. Another mutation in the VP3 protein resulted in altered immunological properties of the isolates, possibly facilitating virus spread in immunized populations. The patterns and rates of the accumulation of synonymous mutations in isolates collected from the patient over the extended period of excretion suggest either a substantially nonuniform rate of mutagenesis throughout the genome, or, more likely, the strains may have been intratypic recombinants between coevolving derivatives with different degrees of divergence from the vaccine parent. This study provides insight into the early stages of the establishment of circulation by runaway vaccine strains.
A broadband wireless communications system for emergency management

Wireless communications have received much attention during the last decades due to easy implementation, the possibility of delivering multimedia services to rural communities, and the suitability for public safety and for communicating in emergency situations. In particular, a wireless network designed for an emergency scenario must be capable of monitoring sensitive areas and must enable people to connect immediately after a disaster. This article discusses the main features of a wireless network that aims to interconnect several heterogeneous systems and provide multimedia access to groups of people to better monitor a specific area, to have a fast response in case of a disaster, and to efficiently coordinate all of the forces during the disaster management phase.
The free energies of six-vertex models and the n-equivalence relation

The free energies of six-vertex models on a general domain D with various boundary conditions are investigated with the use of the n-equivalence relation, which help classify the thermodynamic limit properties. It is derived that the free energy of the six-vertex model on the rectangle is unique in the limit (height,width)→(∞,∞). It is derived that the free energies of the model on the domain D are classified through the densities of left∕down arrows on the boundary. Specifically, the free energy is identical to that obtained by Lieb [Phys. Rev. Lett. 18, 1046 (1967); 19, 108 (1967); Phys. Rev. 162, 162 (1967)] and Sutherland [Phys. Rev. Lett 19, 103 (1967)] with the cyclic boundary condition when the densities are both equal to 12. This fact explains several results already obtained through the transfer matrix calculation. The relation to the domino tiling (or dimer, or matching) problems is also noted.
Two-, six-, and 12-minute walking tests in respiratory disease.

Over the ensuing seven months she had three more clinical relapses, each accompanied by reappearance in the stools of either the organism or its cytotoxin, or both. Each improvement after vancomycin (eight to 14-daycourses) was accompanied by disappearance of the organism. At one point she was given cholestyramine, but she was unable to tolerate it. Her illness was punctuated by malnutrition and episodes of heart failure. She was given no other antibiotics. After the sixth relapse maintenance treatment with oral vancomycin 125 mg eight-hourly was begun. With this regimen diarrhoea was controlled and stools over the next 10 weeks remained negative for C difficile and its cytotoxin. There was no adverse reaction to vancomycin throughout.
PLD2 Complexes with the EGF Receptor and Undergoes Tyrosine Phosphorylation at a Single Site upon Agonist Stimulation*

Mammalian phospholipase D (PLD) activity becomes up-regulated when cells are stimulated by a variety of hormones, growth factors, and other extracellular signals. Two distinct PLDs, PLD1 and PLD2, have been identified. The mechanism through which each PLD is activated, however, is poorly understood. Using transiently transfected human embryonic kidney fibroblasts (HEK293), we demonstrate here that PLD1 activity, and to a lesser extent PLD2 activity, is stimulated in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF). PLD2, but not PLD1, associates with the EGF receptor in a ligand-independent manner and becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated upon EGF receptor activation. Tyrosine 11 (Tyr-11) of PLD2 was identified as the specific phosphorylation site. Mutation of this residue to phenylalanine enhanced basal activity almost 2-fold, but did not alter the magnitude of the EGF-mediated increase in PLD2 activity. In conclusion, we show here for the first time agonist-stimulated activation of both PLD1 and PLD2 in vivo and provide evidence of a distinct type of interaction for each isoform with the EGF receptor. Moreover, our results suggest that agonist-induced tyrosine phosphorylation plays a role in PLD2 regulation.
Exploiting maximum throughput in 3D multicore architectures with stacked NUCA cache

Demands for high performance are growing rapidly and multiple processor cores and huge caches are required to meet these requirements. 3D integration provides us a very bright option to encounter this by integrating numerous cores and cache layers in a single chip. Temperature however becomes a problem in 3D integration due to increased power density. A methodology to exploit maximum performance while keeping the temperature under a given limit has been proposed in this paper. We have solved for the optimum clock frequencies, cache capacity and the placement of cache banks for each core to get the maximum throughput. Experiments are done on multiple benchmark programs and a peak 53% and an average 49% improvement in performance as compared to the base case which assigns same frequency and number of banks to each core is found.
Isophasal, isopolar, and isospectral Schrödinger operators and elementary complex analysis

We explicitly construct super-exponentially decaying potentials on d so that the associated Schrödinger operators are isophasal and isopolar. We use similar techniques to construct isospectral Schrödinger operators with periodic potentials on and isospectral Schrödinger operators on 1.
Gene Expression Profiles of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Survival Prediction and New Biomarkers

Objectives: Despite the well-defined histological types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a given stage is often associated with wide-ranging survival rates and treatment outcomes. This disparity has led to an increased demand for the discovery and identification of new informative biomarkers. Methods: In the current study, we screened 81 NSCLC samples using Illumina® whole-genome gene expression microarrays in an effort to identify differentially expressed genes and new NSCLC biomarkers. Results: We identified novel genes whose expression was upregulated in NSCLC, including SPAG5, POLH, KIF23, and RAD54L, which are associated with mitotic spindle formation, DNA repair, chromosome segregation, and dsDNA break repair, respectively. We also identified several novel genes whose expression was downregulated in NSCLC, including SGCG, NLRC4, MMRN1, and SFTPD, which are involved in extracellular matrix formation, apoptosis, blood vessel leakage, and inflammation, respectively. We found a significant correlation between RNA degradation and survival in adenocarcinoma cases. Conclusions: Even though the follow-up time was too limited to draw final conclusions, we were able to show better prediction p values in a group selection based on molecular profiles compared to histology. The current study also uncovered new candidate biomarker genes that are likely to be involved in diverse processes associated with NSCLC development.
Test your Strategy: Graphical Construction of Strategies for Connect-Four

In this paper, we present the ConnectIT tool, which uses a graphical flow graph-based representation to express strategies for playing the connect-four game. The tool allows to transfer complex knowledge about theconnect-four game itself, simple algorithmic concepts, and modern high-level component-based modeling techniques from theoretical grounds into an inspiring and practical learning experience. For proving the feasibilityof this approach, we applied the tool in a project with pupils, who had no experience in computer sciences at all. We demonstrate that solely based on intuition and knowledge about the connect-four game, the pupils wereable to build really competitive strategies.
Classification of Executed and Imagined Motor Movement EEG Signals

Electroencephalography (EEG), which contains cortical potentials during various mental processes, can be used to provide neural input signals to activate a brain machine interface (BMI). The effectiveness of such an EEG-based prosthetic system would rely on correct classification of executed motor signals from imagined motor movement signals; an executed motor signal should initiate movement in the artificial limb while signals from motor imagery should be filtered out. This work evaluates the performance of features based on average EEG signal power contained in different frequency bands in order to distinguish between the executed and imagined EEG signals. We also investigate Independent Component Analysis (ICA) as a scheme to remove irrelevant artifacts from the EEG signals. Results demonstrate that using EEG for classification can be performed effectively; however results vary significantly from patient to patient, suggesting that BMI must highly specialized for an individual patient.
An architectural framework for providing QoS in IP differentiated services networks

As the Internet evolves, a key consideration is support for services with guaranteed quality of service (QoS). The proposed differentiated services (DiffServ) framework, which supports aggregate traffic classes, is seen as the key technology to achieve this. DiffServ currently concentrates on control/data plane mechanisms to support QoS but also recognises the need for management plane aspects through the bandwidth broker (BB). In this paper we propose a model and architectural framework for supporting end-to-end QoS in the Internet through a combination of both management and control/data plane aspects. Within the network we consider control mechanisms for traffic engineering (TE) based both on explicitly routed paths and on pure node-by-node layer 3 routing. Management aspects include customer interfacing for service level specification (SLS) negotiation, network dimensioning, traffic forecasting and dynamic resource and routing management. All these are policy-driven in order to allow for the specification of high-level management directives. Many of the functional blocks of our architectural model are also features of BBs, the main difference being that a BB is seen as driven purely by customer requests whereas, in our approach, TE functions are continually aiming at optimising the network configuration and its performance. As such, we substantiate the notion of the BB and propose an integrated management and control architecture that will allow providers to offer both qualitative and quantitative QoS-based services while optimising the use of underlying network resources.
Information Structure and Discourse Modelling

Este trabajo investiga la interrelacion entre la estructura informativa y la estructura del discurso. El material del trasfondo linguistico (background) de la oracion se trata como una serie de elementos anaforicos en sentido estricto. Aunque tengan mas contenido descriptivo, comparten las mismas caracteristicas con otros tipos de anafora en terminos de restricciones de localidad y del tipo semantico. Se rechaza un tratamiento del background de la oracion como una unidad atomica. En este trabajo se argumenta que el background se puede construir a partir de elementos mas fundamentales, llamados links y tails (siguiendo Vallduvi, 1992). Links y tails juegan un papel muy distinto con respecto a la estructura del discurso: los constituyentes realizados como links tienen que estar ligados por un topico discursivo, mientras que los constituyentes realizados como tails necesitan estar ligados por otros referentes discursivos que esten salientes en el entorno del discurso
On rectilinear distance-preserving trees

Given a set of terminals on the plane N=(s,/spl nu//sub 1/,.,/spl nu//sub n/,), with a sink terminal s, a Rectilinear Distance-Preserving Tree (RDPT) T(V, E) is defined as a tree rooted at s, connecting all terminals in N. The rectilinear distance between source and sinks in an RDPT is equal to the length that source to sink path. A Min-Cost Rectilinear Distance Preserving Tree (MRDPT) is an RDPT T* such that all other RDPTs T' connecting s and N have C(T*)/spl les/C(T'), where C(T) denotes the total length of tree T. MRDPTs minimize the total wire length while maintaining minimal source to sink linear delay, making them suitable for high performance interconnect applications. In this paper we investigate exact algorithms for restricted versions of the problem. These algorithms have O(n/sup 2/) time complexity. We propose a heuristic algorithm for the general problem where we partition the points into sets of points that we can solve optimally. The results of our algorithms are tested on random point sets and compared our results are compared with Minimum Cost Steiner tree approximations, showing total wire-length comparisons. The results of these comparisons show that the algorithms proposed herein produce promising results.
Modeling DNA sequence-based cis-regulatory gene networks.

Gene network analysis requires computationally based models which represent the functional architecture of regulatory interactions, and which provide directly testable predictions. The type of model that is useful is constrained by the particular features of developmentally active cis-regulatory systems. These systems function by processing diverse regulatory inputs, generating novel regulatory outputs. A computational model which explicitly accommodates this basic concept was developed earlier for the cis-regulatory system of the endo16 gene of the sea urchin. This model represents the genetically mandated logic functions that the system executes, but also shows how time-varying kinetic inputs are processed in different circumstances into particular kinetic outputs. The same basic design features can be utilized to construct models that connect the large number of cis-regulatory elements constituting developmental gene networks. The ultimate aim of the network models discussed here is to represent the regulatory relationships among the genomic control systems of the genes in the network, and to state their functional meaning. The target site sequences of the cis-regulatory elements of these genes constitute the physical basis of the network architecture. Useful models for developmental regulatory networks must represent the genetic logic by which the system operates, but must also be capable of explaining the real time dynamics of cis-regulatory response as kinetic input and output data become available. Most importantly, however, such models must display in a direct and transparent manner fundamental network design features such as intra- and intercellular feedback circuitry; the sources of parallel inputs into each cis-regulatory element; gene battery organization; and use of repressive spatial inputs in specification and boundary formation. Successful network models lead to direct tests of key architectural features by targeted cis-regulatory analysis.
Approximate Orthogonal Range Search using Patricia Tries

We use Patricia tries to answer 2-approximate orthogonal range search on a set of n random points and rectangles in k-dimensional space. Given n k-dimensional random points or rectangles and a k-dimensional query rectangle, 2-approximate orthogonal range query counts (or reports) the points in the query rectangle or the rectangles intersecting the query rectangle, allowing errors near the boundary of the query rectangle. Points within a distance of a function of 2 the boundary of the query rectangle might be misclassified. The approximate orthogonal range search time using Patricia tries is determined theoretically to be O(k log n/2k−1) for cubical range queries. Patricia tries are evaluated experimentally for 2-approximate orthogonal range counting and reporting queries (for 2 ≤ k ≤ 10 and n up to 1,000,000) using uniformly distributed random points and rectangles, and we compared the performance of the Patricia trie for k-d points with the k-d tree and the adaptive k-d tree. The experimental results show that allowing small errors can significantly improve the query execution time of the approximate range counting. For epsilon = 0.05, an average of 50% fewer nodes are visited for the Patricia trie (compared to the exace range search).
A Practical Approach to Trauma: Empowering Interventions

Preface Ch 1: Overview of Trauma Ch 2: Assessment of PTSD, ASD, and DESNOS Ch 3: Models of Trauma Treatment Ch 4: Empowering Interventions Ch 5: Crisis Interventions Ch 6: Group Psychotherapy for Trauma Survivors Ch 7: Community Trauma and Working in the Schools Ch 8: Traumatic Stress Debriefing With Adults Ch 9: Children and Adolescents Ch 10: Treating Interpersonal Violence Ch 11: Treating Political Refugees Ch 12: Terrorism Ch 13: Helping the Helper: Secondary Trauma Ch 14: Helping the Helper Appendix I. Common Reactions to Trauma Appendix II: Coping With Trauma Appendix III: Coping With Grief and Loss Appendix IV: Helping Children Cope With Loss and Grief Appendix V: Client Safety and Self-Care Worksheet Appendix VI: Deep/Diaphragmatic Breathing Appendix VII: Progressive Muscle Relaxation Appendix VIII: Stages of Burnout Appendix IX: Counselor Self-Care: Beliefs, Conflicts, and Rewards Appendix X: Trauma Assessment Tools for Adults Appendix XI: Trauma Assessment Tools for Children and Adolescents
Physical and Genetic Characterization of the Genome of Lactobacillus lactis Bacteriophage

was constructed with various restriction endonucleases. This chromosome has a 34-kilobase size and seems to be circularly permuted. We used a bank of LL-H restriction fragments to study the expression of five of the seven main phage particle proteins. Immunoblotting experiments permitted the mapping on the chromosome of several genes coding for phage particle proteins. We also show that the gene of the main capsid protein is expressed from its own promoter in an Escherichia coli strain.
Sensitive reverse transcriptase assay to detect and quantitate human immunodeficiency virus

A sensitive biochemical assay of viral reverse transcriptase (RT) was developed that is useful for both the detection and quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the agent responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome in humans. This assay gave a 20- to 40-fold increase in enzyme activity over the current method used for RT detection of HIV. The test is based on a previous biochemical study showing the unusual stability of avian oncornavirus RNA-dependent DNA polymerases at 30 degrees C for at least 2 days. Our study shows that the HIV polymerase is stable at 30 to 37 degrees C for up to 3 days. By using this sensitive RT assay, as few as 250 HIV virions can be quantitated directly in tissue culture medium. This assay should prove useful in studies in which the detection of HIV or the quantitation of the number of virions is required.
Early Responses of VEGF during Acute Lung Injury Induced by Seawater Immersion after Open Chest Trauma

Background: Immersion in seawater after open chest trauma may induce acute lung injury. Higher osmotic pressure is one of the main characteristics of seawater. The effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on endothelial cell permeability and proliferation have been demonstrated in studies. The early responses and effects of the VEGF on acute lung injury induced by seawater immersion after open chest trauma (SWI-ALI) are unknown. Objective: To investigate the levels of VEGF and its receptors in SWI-ALI and further explore whether the levels of VEGFs are connected with the pathogenesis of SWI-ALI. Methods: We put dogs into group ‘seawater’ and group ‘control’. The control group only suffered from open chest trauma, whereas the seawater group was exposed to seawater after trauma. The levels of total protein in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured to calculate the pulmonary permeability index. 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after open chest trauma, the plasma samples were collected to test the levels of VEGFs with ELISA kit. Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR were used to measure the VEGF levels in lung. Results: Compared with control animals, plasma osmotic pressure, VEGF and sVEGFR-1 significantly increased in plasma, while VEGF and VEGFR-2 significantly increased in seawater-immersion lung tissue. The levels of VEGF in plasma were significantly correlated with plasma osmotic pressure and pulmonary permeability index. Conclusion: Early release of VEGFs increases pulmonary vascular permeability and partially leads to the development of SWI-ALI. VEGFs may have a crucial role in the early onset of SWI-ALI.