Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HOST MICROBE INTERACTIONS Most Low-Abundance B Background ^ Symbiodinium spp . Are Transitory and Have Minimal Functional Significance for Symbiotic Corals

Speculation surrounds the importance of ecologically cryptic Symbiodinium spp. (dinoflagellates) that occur at low abundances in reef-building corals and in the surrounding environment. Evidence acquired from extensive sampling, long-term monitoring, and experimental manipulation can allow us to deduce the ecology and functional significance of these populations and whether they might contribute to the response of coral-dinoflagellate mutualisms to climate change. Quantitative PCRwas used here to diagnose the prevalence, seasonal variation, and abundances of Symbiodinium spp. within and between colonies of the coral, Alveopora japonica. Consistent with broader geographic sampling, only one species comprised 99.9 %, or greater, the population of symbionts in every sample. However, other Symbiodinium including the non-mutualistic species, Symbiodinium voratum, were often detected, but at estimated cell densities thousands-fold less than the dominant symbiont. The temporal variat ion in prevalence and abundances of these Bbackground^ Symbiodinium could not be definitively related to any particular environmental factor including seasonality and water chemistry. The prevalence (proportion detected among host samples), but not abundance, of S. voratum may weakly correspond to increases in environmental inorganic silica (SiO2) and possibly nitrogen (NO3). When multiple background Symbiodinium occurred within an individual polyp, the average cell densities were positively correlated, suggesting non-specific processes of cell sorting and retention by the animal.While these findings substantiate the existence of a broader, yet uncharacterized, diversity of Symbiodinium, we conclude that only those species which can occur in high abundance and are temporally stable are ultimately important to coral-dinoflagellate mutualisms. Many transient Symbiodinium spp. , which occur only at trace abundances in the coral’s microbiome, belong to different functional guilds and likely have little, if any, importance to a coral’s physiology. The successful integration between host and symbiont into a stable functional unit should therefore be considered when defining host-symbiont specificity.
Reference Gene Validation for Quantitative RT-PCR during Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Vitis vinifera

Grapevine is one of the most cultivated fruit crop worldwide with Vitis vinifera being the species with the highest economical importance. Being highly susceptible to fungal pathogens and increasingly affected by environmental factors, it has become an important agricultural research area, where gene expression analysis plays a fundamental role. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is currently amongst the most powerful techniques to perform gene expression studies. Nevertheless, accurate gene expression quantification strongly relies on appropriate reference gene selection for sample normalization. Concerning V. vinifera, limited information still exists as for which genes are the most suitable to be used as reference under particular experimental conditions. In this work, seven candidate genes were investigated for their stability in grapevine samples referring to four distinct stresses (Erysiphe necator, wounding and UV-C irradiation in leaves and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora colonization in wood). The expression stability was evaluated using geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. In all cases, full agreement was not observed for the three methods. To provide comprehensive rankings integrating the three different programs, for each treatment, a consensus ranking was created using a non-weighted unsupervised rank aggregation method. According to the last, the three most suitable reference genes to be used in grapevine leaves, regardless of the stress, are UBC, VAG and PEP. For the P. chlamydospora treatment, EF1, CYP and UBC were the best scoring genes. Acquaintance of the most suitable reference genes to be used in grapevine samples can contribute for accurate gene expression quantification in forthcoming studies.
Speaker identification methods based on pseudostationary segments of voiced sounds

The problem of speaker identification is investigated. Basic segments pseudostationary intervals of voiced sounds are used for identification. The identification is carried out, comparing average distances between an investigative and comparatives. Coefficients of the linear prediction model (LPC) of a vocal tract, cepstral coefficients and LPC coefficients of an excitation signal are used for identification as features. Three speaker identification methods are presented. Experimental investigation of their performance is discussed.
Measurement of spin-exchange and relaxation parameters for polarizing Ne21 with K and Rb

Hyperpolarized K-$^{3}\mathrm{He}$ comagnetometers have been used for tests of fundamental physics and inertial rotation sensing. These experiments will demonstrate increased sensitivity if the $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ buffer gas is replaced with $^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$. We measure the parameters necessary to realize implementation of an alkali-metal\char21{}$^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$ comagnetometer for two promising alkali-metal species, Rb and K. The spin-exchange rate constant for K with $^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$ and Rb with $^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$ are measured using two different methods. We also make the first measurement of the K-$^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$ contact spin interaction. Measurements for the Rb-$^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$ contact spin interaction, as well as the spin-destruction coefficients for $^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$ with both alkali-metal species are consistent with previous measurements. Additionally the quadrupolar spin-relaxation rate of $^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$ is measured. Finally, the feasibility of utilizing polarized $^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$ for operation in a comagnetometer is discussed.
Director Remuneration Pay: Trends During and After the Financial Crisis of 2007 to 2009

The objective of this study is to examine the trends of director remuneration in Malaysia’s publicly listed companies. The proxies for executive pay are based on cash remuneration consisting of fees, salary, bonuses, and benefits to kin. Based on the data collected from 486 publicly listed companies in Bursa Malaysia from 2007 to 2009, we empirically tested findings that the trends for remuneration increased during and after the financial crisis. The study also reveals that the structure of remuneration, such as salary and bonuses for executives, showed an increasing trend during and after the financial crisis; however, it shows that the trend of director remuneration in family firms after the financial crisis was decreasing. Further analysis indicates that family members were willing to accept lower fees, bonuses, and benefits to kin in order to maintain cash flow. Our study suggests that no expropriation existed in family firms during and after the financial crisis. However, executives in non-family firms are less interested in accepting lower remuneration as part of a contract.
Can we do better than Co-Citations? - Bringing Citation Proximity Analysis from idea to practice in research article recommendation

In this paper, we build on the idea of Citation Proximity Analysis (CPA), originally introduced in [1], by developing a step by step scalable approach for building CPA-based recommender systems. As part of this approach, we introduce three new proximity functions, extending the basic assumption of co-citation analysis (stating that the more often two articles are co-cited in a document, the more likely they are related) to take the distance between the co-cited documents into account. Asking the question of whether CPA can outperform co-citation analysis in recommender systems, we have built a CPA based recommender system from a corpus of 368,385 full-texts articles and conducted a user survey to perform an initial evaluation. Two of our three proximity functions used within CPA outperform co-citations on our evaluation dataset.
Specialization to cold-water upwellings may facilitate gene flow in seabirds: New evidence from the Peruvian pelican Pelecanus thagus (Pelecaniformes: Pelecanidae)

Recent research has shown that tropical seabirds specialized to feed on cold water upwellings exhibit low population genetic diff erentiation and high gene fl ow across large geographic distances. Th is pattern is opposite to the general pattern of differentiation reported for tropical seabirds, and led us to hypothesize that specialization to cold-water upwellings facilitates gene fl ow between colonies. As a test of this hypothesis we characterized population diff erentiation and gene fl ow across the range of the Peruvian pelican Pelecanus thagus , an upwelling specialist endemic to the Humboldt Current, using an 838 base pair segment of the mitochondrial control region and seven microsatellite loci. In support of our hypothesis we report genetic panmixia across the geographic range of this species and inferred high gene fl ow between colonies. Th e high dispersal propensity of upwelling specialist seabirds (adults and/or juveniles) may reduce loss of genetic diversity during population declines, and increase the ability of these species to colonize new islands.
Standardization activities for future networks in ITU-T: A case study from Y.3071 : Data aware networking (Information Centric Networking) — Requirements and Capabilities

Information-centric networking (ICN) is a promising architecture for the future Internet that disseminates content based on named data instead of named hosts. It brings in novel naming mechanisms, innovative security schemes, and routing strategies as well as in-network caching at intermediate nodes, has led researchers into considering a radical change to the Internet architecture and its related standardization activities have been progressed. There into, International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector, ITU-T, has begun the ICN standardization from 2012 to promote the development of future networks. In this paper, we summarize the standardization activities on Data-Aware Networking (DAN) which corresponds to ICN in ITU-T. Besides, we provide some guidelines for a case study on ITU-T recommendation Y.3071: Data-Aware Networking (Information Centric Networking) — Requirements and Capabilities, by highlighting our contributions during all the process for this standard.
Force-directed Voronoi-based method for graph drawing in constrained boundaries

We present an efficient force-directed method for evolving an initial graph layout in order to better visualize it, while at the same time distributing graph vertices so as to make full use of the available drawing space. This results in layouts that adjust themselves to the specified boundaries of the drawing area. Previous works have solely focused on the placement of graph vertices and edges for visualization purposes, working under the assumptions of no area limitations nor boundary constraints. Similar to the process of computing a centroidal Voronoi diagram from a set of points, our algorithm iteratively computes a Voronoi diagram over the set of graph vertices, and attracts them towards the centroids of their corresponding Voronoi cells at each iteration. At the same time, attractive and repulsive forces are applied between adjacent vertices in the graph, in order to place them closer to each other in the final layout. Additional consideration is given in order to prevent overlapping in graphs with multiple components.
Structure-Based Analysis of the Ligand-Binding Mechanism for DhelOBP21, a C-minus Odorant Binding Protein, from Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire; Coleoptera: Bothrideridae)

Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) transport hydrophobic odor molecules across the sensillar lymph to trigger a neuronal response. Herein, the Minus-C OBP (DhelOBP21) was characterized from Dastarcus helophoroides, the most important natural parasitic enemy insect that targets Monochamus alternatus. Homology modeling and molecular docking were conducted on the interaction between DhelOBP21 and 17 volatile molecules (including volatiles from pine bark, the larva of M. alternatus, and the faeces of the larva). The predicted three-dimensional structure showed only two disulfide bridges and a hydrophobic binding cavity with a short C-terminus. Ligand-binding experiments using N-phenylnaphthylamine (1-NPN) as a fluorescent probe showed that DhelOBP21 exhibited better binding affinities against those ligands with a molecular volume between 100 and 125 Å³ compared with ligands with a molecular volume between 160 and 185 Å³. Molecules that are too big or too small are not conducive for binding. We mutated the amino acid residues of the binding cavity to increase either hydrophobicity or hydrophilia. Ligand-binding experiments and cyber molecular docking assays indicated that hydrophobic interactions are more significant than hydrogen-bonding interactions. Although hydrogen-bond interactions could be predicted for some binding complexes, the hydrophobic interactions had more influence on binding following hydrophobic changes that affected the cavity. The orientation of ligands affects binding by influencing hydrophobic interactions. The binding process is controlled by multiple factors. This study provides a basis to explore the ligand-binding mechanisms of Minus-C OBP.
Dynamic Logic for Data-aware Systems: Decidability Results

We introduce a ﬁrst-order extension of dynamic logic (FO-DL), suitable to represent and reason about the behaviour of Data-aware Systems (DaS), which are systems whose data content is explicitly exhibited in their description. We illustrate the ex-pressivity of the formal framework by modelling English auctions as DaS and by specifying rele-vant properties in FO-DL. Most importantly, we de-velop an abstraction-based veriﬁcation procedure, thus proving that the model checking problem for DaS against FO-DL is decidable, provided some mild assumptions on the interpretation domain.
Inadequacy of High-Dose Fluconazole Monotherapy Among Cerebrospinal Fluid Cryptococcal Antigen (CrAg)–Positive Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons in an Ethiopian CrAg Screening Program

A total of 817 human immunodeficiency virus-infected Ethiopians with CD4 <150 cells/mL underwent plasma cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) screening. CRAG prevalence was 6.2%. Of participants with plasma CRAG titers >1:640, 96% (27 of 28) had cryptococcal meningitis (cerebrospinal fluid CRAG-positive) whereas 50% (7 of 14) with 1:160-1:320 titers had meningitis. With fluconazole 1200 mg/d therapy, 68% of meningitis patients (23 of 34) died within 3 months. Plasma CRAG titers >1:160 predict meningitis, requiring more intensive antifungal therapy.
Initial evaluation of the effects of an environmental‐focused problem‐solving intervention for transition‐age young people with developmental disabilities: Project TEAM

Project TEAM (Teens making Environment and Activity Modifications) teaches transition‐age young people with developmental disabilities, including those with co‐occurring intellectual or cognitive disabilities, to identify and resolve environmental barriers to participation. We examined its effects on young people's attainment of participation goals, knowledge, problem‐solving, self‐determination, and self‐efficacy.
Effect of particle size, fraction and carbide banding on deformation and damage behavior of ferrite–cementite steel under tensile/shear loads

Deformation and damage behavior of ferrite–cementite steel was investigated using microstructure-based representative volume element (RVE) methodology. A series of automatically generated 2D RVEs with ferrite matrix and globular cementite particles were generated as representative of various microstructures. The geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) accumulation at the ferrite–cementite interphase was also studied by introducing an intermediate layer around the cementite particles. Damage mechanisms such as ductile fracture in ferrite matrix, brittle fracture in cementite, and decohesion at ferrite–cementite interphase were considered to study the fracture modes. The relationships between interface strength and particle size were estimated according to the modified Argon criterion and showed satisfactory agreement with related works. The influences of microstructural features, such as particle size, particle fraction and carbide banding, on deformation and damage evolution were investigated under tensile and shear loads. Simulation results indicated that small particle size and particle fraction could postpone the initial decohesion under both tensile and shear loads, while carbide banding can lead to early fracture due to local stress concentration, which has potential to cause the loss of ductility and premature failure. These adverse effects become more severe when more cementite particles remain in the band or the gather density of the cementite particles in the band becomes higher.
Deformation modes for axial crushing of cylindrical tubes considered of the edge effect

In this paper, the elastoplastic deformation behaviors of cylindrical tube subjected to statically axial compression are studied by using finite element method (FEM). The effects of tube geometries and strain hardening characteristics of the material on the deformation behaviors are investigated. Generally, although it is recognized that the deformation situation along the circumferential direction is dependent on the thickness ratio (R/t) , it is found that the deformation is also greatly dependent on the edge constraint. The deformation mode along the circumferential direction also affects the deformation mode along the axis-direction. A method to control the deformation mode, such as adding a disk in tube center, is proposed to maintain the deformation keeping in an axi-symmetric mode.
What Comes Before Why: Specifying the Phenomenon of Intimate Partner Violence.

In our article, “The Continuation of Intimate Partner Violence from Adolescence to Young Adulthood” (Cui, Ueno, Gordon, & Fincham, 2013), we found that being victimized by relationship partners in adolescence was significantly associated with both perpetration and victimization in romantic relationships in young adulthood. Though not our primary focus, we included gender as a covariate and tested its main effect on young adult intimate partner violence (IPV). The results showed that women reported higher levels of perpetration and lower levels of victimization than men did. We appreciate Kristin Anderson’s (2013) commentary on this finding and agree with many of her observations. In particular, finding a resolution to the seemingly endless polemic about gender issues in IPV would be most welcome. As Carney, Buttell, and Dutton (2007) pointed out, this is “a debate that has been troubling for feminists since the first U.S. National Family Violence Survey of 1975 found women to be as violent as men” (p.108). Since that first survey, more studies have suggested that the rate of female perpetration is equivalent to or exceeds that of male perpetration (Archer, 2000; Dutton, 2006; Gelles, 1972; Kimmel, 2002; Stets & Straus, 1992; Williams & Frieze, 2005), including some that used the same data set as we did (e.g., Whitaker, Haileyesus, Swahn, & Saltzman, 2007). But the findings on female perpetration have often been explained as women engaging in self-defense or as due to gender-biased reporting (see Carney et al., 2007). Unfortunately, history shows that better research is unlikely to resolve matters in this highly politicized arena. As Ehrensaft (2008) pointed out in regard to IPV, long-standing beliefs and older theories persist in the face of new contradictory data and their demonstrated inability to improve interventions. This does not in any way imply that we should not strive to improve research on IPV, and we see Anderson’s commentary as a laudable attempt to do so. We are honored that our article serves as a platform for this attempt even though much of the commentary is tangential to our original study.
Recent Progress of Organic Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Chromophores

Second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have played a very important role in laser tech- nology since the invention of laser. As to the organic NLO materials, the chromophores are the key compo- nent. To tune the nonlinearity-transparency trade-off in organic NLO chromophores, several promising strategies were attempted, including the introduction of heterocyclic rings, dual (mutiple) functionalizations and utilization of the interactions between chromophore moieties. In this article, recent progress in this field
Atopic dermatitis and skin disease A differential effect of 2 probiotics in the prevention of eczema and atopy : A double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial

Background: The role of probiotics in prevention of allergic disease is still not clearly established, although early reports suggested Lactobacillus GG halved the risk of eczema at 2 years. Objective: To determine whether probiotic supplementation in early life could prevent development of eczema and atopy at 2 years. Methods: Double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial of infants at risk of allergic disease. Pregnant women were randomized to take Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (L rhamnosus), Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis strain HN019 or placebo daily from 35 weeks gestation until 6 months if breastfeeding, and their infants were randomized to receive the same treatment from birth to 2 years (n 5 474). The infant’s cumulative prevalence of eczema and point prevalence of atopy, using skin prick tests to common allergens, was assessed at 2 years.
A promising low carbon clean metallurgical method——low-temperature molten salt metallurgy of heavy metal

This paper introduces the basic concept,principle and characteristics of low-temperature molten salt metallurgy of heavy metal.The broad prospects were present based on an example of low-temperature alkaline smelting of bismuth sulfide concentrate,secondary lead and high-lead copper-nickel-cobalt polymetal sulfide ores.The heavy metal such as lead,tin,antimony,bismuth which melting point is below 800℃can be extracted and separated by low-temperature molten salt metallurgical method.This method also can be used to enrich precious metal such as copper,nickel,cobalt,gold and silver when their melting point are above 1000℃.
The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Chattel MARGO WILSON AND MARTIN DALY

Men take a proprietary view of women’s sexuality and reproductive capacity. In this chapter, we (a) argue that sexually proprietary male psychologies are evolved solutions to the adaptive problems of male reproductive competition and potential misdirection of paternal investments in species with mistakable paternity; (b) describe the complex interrelated design of mating and paternal decision rules in some well-studied avian examples; (c) consider the peculiarities of the human species in this context; (d) characterize some features of human male sexual proprietariness, contrasting men’s versus women’s perspectives and actions; and (e) review some of the diverse consequences and manifestations of this ubiquitous male mindset.
Theory of Viscoelasticity

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