Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dealing with Increased Complexity in Conjoint Experiments: Background and Overview of Alternate Approaches

Abstract This paper serves as background information for the TRB workshop on stated preference modelling. The main argument of the paper is that the development of stated preference and choice models has witnessed increased complexity, which in turn has led to higher respondent burden. The paper discusses some examples of such increased complexity and some potential solutions to reduce respondent burden. Because some of these developments and solutions are discussed in more detail in other workshop papers, the level of detail in this paper depends on the specific topic. Those topics that are not discussed in the workshops receive slightly more attention.
Rights, Free Exchange, and Widespread Externalities

Sen’s libertarian paradox is ascribed to the inevitable conflict between the Pareto criterion and individuals’ rights to create negative externalities. Finite coalitions can effect exchanges of rights through Coaseian bargains in order to resolve inefficiencies due to local externalities. With a continuum of agents, however, finite coalitions are powerless to affect widespread externalities, except those that are regulated by policies such as inefficiently allocated quotas. Then finite coalitions may gain by exchanging such quotas, but Pareto improvements may require originally unused quotas to be confiscated. Thus, the voluntary exchange of rights may exacerbate widespread externalities. Journal of Economic Literature classifications: D62, D71.
Seven experiences with contextual field research

Contextual field research is a growing area of interest in human-computer interaction. At the CHI '88 conference, Karen Holtzblatt, Sandy Jones, and myself hosted a Special Interest Group on "Field Research Techniques for Building Usable Products. " This overview of seven different experiences with contextual field research techniques grew out of the network we established at the conference.These contributions show a wide range of experience with contextual field research, including its use in academic research and the design of diverse computer products. We hope that this snapshot of contextual field work in mid-1988 may excite your curiosity about what may be possible from this perspective, currently out of the mainstream of human-computer interaction research. The bibliography at the end of this article includes sources for more information on contextual methods, as well as references from the individual contributions.
Tissue Engineering of the Urinary Bladder: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives

There are many conditions that can affect the normal structure of the urinary bladder wall and lead to the inadequate evacuation of urine or even disable urine excretion. In these cases, the essential task is to restore the function of the urinary bladder, most often through surgical intervention. Some of the disorders, such as bladder acontractility, bladder cancer, and inflammatory disease, represent a great challenge in practice due to the number of complications that can occur after the intervention and due to frequent relapses. The use of tissue engineering strategies that include the use of stem cells and artificially created scaffolds could give solutions for treatment of many disorders of the urinary bladder and transplantation therapies in the future. Although the research in this field is still in its infancy, there are some promising results that raise hope that the tissue engineering approach could offer long-term solutions for many issues in regenerative urology. This review summarizes the current achievements and perspectives in the use of stem cells and tissue engineering techniques in the field of urinary bladder regeneration.
The Timing of Vision – How Neural Processing Links to Different Temporal Dynamics

In this review, we describe our recent attempts to model the neural correlates of visual perception with biologically inspired networks of spiking neurons, emphasizing the dynamical aspects. Experimental evidence suggests distinct processing modes depending on the type of task the visual system is engaged in. A first mode, crucial for object recognition, deals with rapidly extracting the glimpse of a visual scene in the first 100 ms after its presentation. The promptness of this process points to mainly feedforward processing, which relies on latency coding, and may be shaped by spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). Our simulations confirm the plausibility and efficiency of such a scheme. A second mode can be engaged whenever one needs to perform finer perceptual discrimination through evidence accumulation on the order of 400 ms and above. Here, our simulations, together with theoretical considerations, show how predominantly local recurrent connections and long neural time-constants enable the integration and build-up of firing rates on this timescale. In particular, we review how a non-linear model with attractor states induced by strong recurrent connectivity provides straightforward explanations for several recent experimental observations. A third mode, involving additional top-down attentional signals, is relevant for more complex visual scene processing. In the model, as in the brain, these top-down attentional signals shape visual processing by biasing the competition between different pools of neurons. The winning pools may not only have a higher firing rate, but also more synchronous oscillatory activity. This fourth mode, oscillatory activity, leads to faster reaction times and enhanced information transfers in the model. This has indeed been observed experimentally. Moreover, oscillatory activity can format spike times and encode information in the spike phases with respect to the oscillatory cycle. This phenomenon is referred to as “phase-of-firing coding,” and experimental evidence for it is accumulating in the visual system. Simulations show that this code can again be efficiently decoded by STDP. Future work should focus on continuous natural vision, bio-inspired hardware vision systems, and novel experimental paradigms to further distinguish current modeling approaches.
Design of an ultra-low power device for aircraft structural health monitoring

One of the popular structural health monitoring (SHM) applications of both automotive and aeronautic fields is devoted to the non-destructive localization of impacts in plate-like structures. The aim of this paper is to develop a miniaturized, self-contained and low power device for automated impact detection that can be used in a distributed fashion without central coordination. The proposed device uses an array of four piezoelectric transducers, bonded to the plate, capable to detect the guided waves generated by an impact, to a STM32F4 board equipped with an ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller and a IEEE802.15. 4 wireless transceiver. The waves processing and the localization algorithm are implemented on-board and optimized for speed and power consumption. In particular, the localization of the impact point is obtained by cross-correlating the signals related to the same event acquired by the different sensors in the warped frequency domain. Finally the performance of the whole system is analysed in terms of localization accuracy and power consumption, showing the effectiveness of the proposed implementation.
An Analytical Evaluation of the Full Structural Weld Overlay as a Stress Improving Mitigation Strategy to Prevent Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking in Pressurized Water Reactor Piping

Full Structural Weld Overlay (FSWOL) has been used successfully to mitigate intergranular stress corrosion cracking in boiling water reactor (BWR) welded stainless steel piping for many years. The FSWOL technique adds structural reinforcement, can add crack resistant material, and can create compressive residual stresses at the inside surface of the welded joint which reduces the possibility of further stress corrosion cracking. Recently, the FSWOL has been applied as a preemptive measure to prevent primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) in pressurized water reactors (PWR) on susceptible welded pipes with dissimilar metal welds common to PWR primary cooling piping. This study uses finite element models to evaluate the likely residual and operating stress profiles remaining after FSWOL for typical dissimilar metal weld configurations, some of which are approved for leak-before-break (LBB) applications in pressurized water reactors. Circumferential cracks were modeled in the dissimilar metal weld area and forced to grow in order to evaluate their crack opening displacements and stress intensity factors vs. depth before and after weld overlay and before and after application of operating pressure and temperature.
Mitochondrial DNA haplogrouping of the brown bear, Ursus arctos (Carnivora: Ursidae) in Asia, based on a newly developed APLP analysis

Sequence analyses of the complete brown bear, Ursus arctos, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome have detected scattered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that define distinct mtDNA haplogroups in phylogeographical studies. The degraded DNA in historical samples, such as stuffed or excavated specimens, however, is often not suitable for sequence analyses. To address this problem, we developed an amplified product length polymorphism (APLP) analysis for mtDNA-haplogrouping U. arctos specimens by detecting haplogroup-specific SNPs. We verified the validity and utility of this method by analysing up to 170-year-old skin samples from U. arctos specimens collected widely across continental Eurasia. We detected some of the same haplogroups as those occurring in eastern Hokkaido (Japan) and eastern Alaska in continental Eurasia (the Altai and the Caucasus). Our results show that U. arctos in eastern Hokkaido and eastern Alaska descended from a common ancestor in continental Eurasia, and suggest that U. arctos occupied several refugia in southern Asia during the Last Glacial Maximum. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 111, 627-635.
Bionanotechnology: The Science of Revealing Life with Nanostructures

, 97-106 BIONANOTECHNOLOGY: THE SCIENCE OF REVEALING LIFE WITH NANOSTRUCTURES. Patrick Englebienne* and Anne Van Hoonacker Biocybernetics Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. Englebienne & Associates, Strijpstraat 21, B-9750 Zingem, Belgium. Tel. +32-9-384-7250 Fax +32-9-390-8173 Email: Penglebienne@pharmadiagnostics.com
Multiscale Fragile Watermarking Based on the Gaussian Mixture Model

In this paper, a new multiscale fragile watermarking scheme based on the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is presented. First, a GMM is developed to describe the statistical characteristics of images in the wavelet domain and an expectation-maximization algorithm is employed to identify GMM model parameters. With wavelet multiscale subspaces being divided into watermarking blocks, the GMM model parameters of different watermarking blocks are adjusted to form certain relationships, which are employed for the presented new fragile watermarking scheme for authentication. An optimal watermark embedding method is developed to achieve minimum watermarking distortion. A secret embedding key is designed to securely embed the fragile watermarks so that the new method is robust to counterfeiting, even when the malicious attackers are fully aware of the watermark embedding algorithm. It is shown that the presented new method can securely embed a message bit stream, such as personal signatures or copyright logos, into a host image as fragile watermarks. Compared with conventional fragile watermark techniques, this new statistical model based method modifies only a small amount of image data such that the distortion on the host image is imperceptible. Meanwhile, with the embedded message bits spreading over the entire image area through the statistical model, the new method can detect and localize image tampering. Besides, the new multiscale implementation of fragile watermarks based on the presented method can help distinguish some normal image operations such as JPEG compression from malicious image attacks and, thus, can be used for semi-fragile watermarking
Adaptive Clustering for Mobile Wireless Networks

This paper describes a self-organizing, multihop, mobile radio network which relies on a code-division access scheme for multimedia support. In the proposed network architecture, nodes are organized into nonoverlapping clusters. The clusters are independently controlled, and are dynamically reconfigured as the nodes move. This network architecture has three main advantages. First, it provides spatial reuse of the bandwidth due to node clustering. Second, bandwidth can be shared or reserved in a controlled fashion in each cluster. Finally, the cluster algorithm is robust in the face of topological changes caused by node motion, node failure, and node insertion/removal. Simulation shows that this architecture provides an efficient, stable infrastructure for the integration of different types of traffic in a dynamic radio network.
Large-Scale RNA Interference Screening in Mammalian Cells Identifies Novel Regulators of Mutant Huntingtin Aggregation

In polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases including Huntington's disease (HD), mutant proteins containing expanded polyQ stretch form aggregates in neurons. Genetic or RNAi screenings in yeast, C. elegans or Drosophila have identified multiple genes modifying polyQ aggregation, a few of which are confirmed effective in mammals. However, the overall molecular mechanism underlying polyQ protein aggregation in mammalian cells still remains obscure. We here perform RNAi screening in mouse neuro2a cells to identify mammalian modifiers for aggregation of mutant huntingtin, a causative protein of HD. By systematic cell transfection and automated cell image analysis, we screen ∼12000 shRNA clones and identify 111 shRNAs that either suppress or enhance mutant huntingtin aggregation, without altering its gene expression. Classification of the shRNA-targets suggests that genes with various cellular functions such as gene transcription and protein phosphorylation are involved in modifying the aggregation. Subsequent analysis suggests that, in addition to the aggregation-modifiers sensitive to proteasome inhibition, some of them, such as a transcription factor Tcf20, and kinases Csnk1d and Pik3c2a, are insensitive to it. As for Tcf20, which contains polyQ stretches at N-terminus, its binding to mutant huntingtin aggregates is observed in neuro2a cells and in HD model mouse neurons. Notably, except Pik3c2a, the rest of the modifiers identified here are novel. Thus, our first large-scale RNAi screening in mammalian system identifies previously undescribed genetic players that regulate mutant huntingtin aggregation by several, possibly mammalian-specific mechanisms.
Semantic interference in picture naming during dual-task performance does not vary with reading ability

Previous dual-task studies examining the locus of semantic interference of distractor words in picture naming have obtained diverging results. In these studies, participants manually responded to tones and named pictures while ignoring distractor words (picture–word interference, PWI) with varying stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between tone and PWI stimulus. Whereas some studies observed no semantic interference at short SOAs, other studies observed effects of similar magnitude at short and long SOAs. The absence of semantic interference in some studies may perhaps be due to better reading skill of participants in these than in the other studies. According to such a reading-ability account, participants’ reading skill should be predictive of the magnitude of their interference effect at short SOAs. To test this account, we conducted a dual-task study with tone discrimination and PWI tasks and measured participants’ reading ability. The semantic interference effect was of similar magnitude at both short and long SOAs. Participants’ reading ability was predictive of their naming speed but not of their semantic interference effect, contrary to the reading ability account. We conclude that the magnitude of semantic interference in picture naming during dual-task performance does not depend on reading skill.
CMOS Integrated Transceivers for 60GHz UWB Communication

In this paper, new concepts and key building blocks, at circuit level, for future millimeter-wave wireless communication standards are introduced. Starting from passive and active devices, trade-offs between technology, performance and circuit choices of millimeter-wave RF front-end circuits are discussed. In particular, power consumption, noise and linearity trade-offs in low-noise amplifiers, mixers, frequency dividers and oscillators are considered. The concepts derived are applied to a large class of wireless communication standards that are small-band in nature at RF and/or require a broadband IF. Novel receiver and transmitter architectures are introduced with emphasis on beam-steering and beam-forming.
Novel use of biomarkers and their combinations for detecting excessive drinking

Excessive alcohol consumption and consequent medical disorders create a major burden for modern health care. In addition to medical and social problems, excessive drinking causes considerable strains on the national economy. In order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from ethanol-related health problems, reliable and accurate methods for recognizing excessive alcohol consumption in its early phase need to be developed. Currently, excessive drinkers tend to escape detection, which may lead to delays in intervention. The present study was set out to develop new approaches for detecting excessive drinking based on conventional and new laboratory tests and their combinations and to address the relationships between such markers and alcoholic liver disease. Conventional laboratory markers of excessive drinking (GGT, CDT, MCV, AST, ALT), a mathematically formulated combination of GGT and CDT, and autoimmune responses to proteins modified with acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, were measured in alcoholics with or without liver disease, moderate drinkers and abstainers. Cytokine profiles of subjects were also studied in order to clarify the associations between alcohol intake and pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. The results show that even moderate drinking may increase levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). When GGT was combined logarithmically with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), the diagnostic performance of the combination GGT-CDT was found to markedly exceed that of the traditional markers, reaching a sensitivity of 90 % whereas the sensitivities of its parent components remained at 63 % (CDT) and 58 % (GGT). Alcohol consumption was also found to induce alterations in the immune system. An association between cytokine levels and alcohol use was observed, with most evident alterations in alcoholics with liver disease. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) were found to increase in alcoholic liver disease whereas the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, particularly TGF-β1 showed a slight decrease. Acetaldehyde adducts are formed when acetaldehyde reacts with proteins and cellular constituents. Antibodies directed against acetaldehyde-modified proteins were found in the circulation of alcoholic patients. The highest anti-adduct IgA and IgG titres occurred in patients with alcoholic liver disease, while specific class IgM antibodies were most abundant in alcoholics without liver disease. The possible usefulness of anti-adduct IgA as a marker of excessive drinking was subsequently studied in alcoholics without liver disease, and the mean anti-adduct IgA levels were significantly higher than those in the moderate drinkers or abstainers (p < 0.001), while the difference between the moderate drinkers and abstainers was also significant (p < 0.05). Mean daily ethanol consumption during the previous month was found to correlate significantly with anti-adduct IgA levels. Based on these findings, anti-adduct IgA antibodies could serve as markers of alcohol con-
Specific recommendations for PROs and HRQoL assessment in allergic rhinitis and/or asthma: a GA2LEN taskforce position paper

To cite this article: Braido F, Bousquet PJ, Brzoza Z, Canonica GW, Compalati E, Fiocchi A, Fokkens W, Gerth van Wijk R, La Grutta S, Lombardi C, Maurer M, Pinto AM, Ridolo E, Senna GE, Terreehorst I, Todo Bom A, Bousquet J, Zuberbier T, Baiardini I. Specific recommendations for PROs and HRQoL assessment in allergic rhinitis and/or asthma: a GA2LEN taskforce position paper. Allergy 2010; 65: 959–968.
Connecting comments and tags: improved modeling of social tagging systems

Collaborative tagging systems are now deployed extensively to help users share and organize resources. Tag prediction and recommendation can simplify and streamline the user experience, and by modeling user preferences, predictive accuracy can be significantly improved. However, previous methods typically model user behavior based only on a log of prior tags, neglecting other behaviors and information in social tagging systems, e.g., commenting on items and connecting with other users. On the other hand, little is known about the connection and correlations among these behaviors and contexts in social tagging systems. In this paper, we investigate improved modeling for predictive social tagging systems. Our explanatory analyses demonstrate three significant challenges: coupled high order interaction, data sparsity and cold start on items. We tackle these problems by using a generalized latent factor model and fully Bayesian treatment. To evaluate performance, we test on two real-world data sets from Flickr and Bibsonomy. Our experiments on these data sets show that to achieve best predictive performance, it is necessary to employ a fully Bayesian treatment in modeling high order relations in social tagging system. Our methods noticeably outperform state-of-the-art approaches.