Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IRRIGAÇÃO DEFICITÁRIA PARA AUMENTAR A PRODUTIVIDADE DA ÁGUA NA PRODUÇÃO DE SILAGEM DE MILHO

1 RESUMO O incremento da area irrigada e a escassez de recursos hidricos em algumas regioes tem fomentado a utilizacao de sistemas e manejos de irrigacao que aumentem a eficiencia do uso da agua. A tecnica da irrigacao deficitaria consiste em aplicar deliberadamente lâminas de irrigacao inferiores as necessidades hidricas reais da cultura, afetando consequentemente a sua producao. Os seus impactos ao nivel da produtividade da cultura e dos respectivos resultados economicos podem ou nao ser negativos, dependendo estes do calendario de irrigacao adotado. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de agua disponibilizada a cultura do milho para a producao de silagem, utilizando diferentes estrategias de manejo de irrigacao deficitaria e seus efeitos sobre a produtividade e qualidade da silagem. Os resultados demonstram que a produtividade de massa verde e massa seca foram mais elevadas no tratamento de irrigacao plena. As estrategias de irrigacao deficitaria nao influenciaram nas variaveis relativas a qualidade da silagem. A maior produtividade da agua foi obtida com estrategias de irrigacao deficitaria, podendo esta ser uma alternativa na gestao de recursos hidricos para aumentar a eficiencia do uso da agua e ser utilizada em situacao com limitacao hidrica. Palavras-Chave: irrigacao deficitaria; producao de silagem, eficiencia do uso da agua. MARTINS, J. D. ; CARLESSO, R. ; AIRES, N. P.; GATTO, J. C. ; V. DUBOU. ; FRIES, H. M. ; SCHEIBLER, R. B. DEFICIT IRRIGATION IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WATER USE IN MAIZE SILAGE PRODUCTION 2 ABSTRACT The increase of irrigated areas and the scarceness of water resources in some regions have fostered the usage of irrigation systems and management strategies that increase water use efficiency. Deficit irrigation consists in deliberately apply irrigation depths smaller than those required to satisfy the crop water requirements, thus affecting its production. Their impacts on crop productivity and its economic results may or may not be negative, depending on the timing of the irrigation program adopted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the productivity of water available to silage corn using different strategies for deficit irrigation management and its effects on productivity and forage quality. The results showed that the yield of fresh and dry weight were higher in the treatment of full irrigation. The deficit irrigation strategies did not influence the variables on the quality of silage. The highest water productivity was obtained with deficit irrigation strategies, which may be an alternative in the management of water resources to increase efficiency of water use and be used in situations with limited water. Keywords: deficit irrigation, silage production, water use efficiency.
A multiperiod minimax resource allocation problem with substitutable resources

In this paper we consider a multiperiod resource allocation model in which the resources are storable and substitutable. A specific application of this model relates to the multiperiod production planning for electronic circuit board assembly factories. In this case, resources are electronic components, which are storable, that is, excess components in one period can be used in subsequent periods. Components that can be used in the same function on a circuit board are considered substitutable. Substitutability between components, however, may be dependent upon the specific circuit board on which they reside. Given that there are certain production requirements for the circuit boards, and that some components are in short supply, our algorithm a revises the production levels of the affected circuit boards, and b efficiently allocates the available components according to the revised production, so as to minimize the maximum weighted deviation from the original production plans. The weights reflect the relative importance of the circuit boards. The objective function uses cumulative production levels and cumulative demands to allow for back-scheduling. We present a primal-dual algorithm that is very efficient. An implementation of the algorithm compares favorably with a standard linear programming code. We solved a problem with 300 components, 20 different circuit boards average of 10 functions/board for 10 time periods approximately 30,000 variables in less than one minute on a VAX 11/785. We also discuss upper and lower bound extensions, and a lexicographic algorithm to ensure that less critical resources are also allocated effectively.
The barbarism of indifference: Sabotage, resistance and state–corporate crime

Increasingly, state crime scholarship frames criminality as a social property that attaches to particular illegitimate state practices through a mediated process of struggle from below. Building on this foundation, the following article presents a comparative study of two cases—using a range of primary materials—where sabotage was deployed by social movements to stigmatize, dramatically, illegitimate state–corporate conduct. In order to understand the symbolic and practical significance of this exchange, a theory of indifference will be developed. It will be argued that in the cases observed sabotage acted as a device which social movements could employ to impose a sense of consequence on organizational actors otherwise indifferent to, and alienated from, the significant harms their operations’ produced.
The Impact of Decimalization on Market Quality: An Empirical Investigation of the Toronto Stock Exchange

Much recent debate has revolved around "decimalization", i.e., the trading of securities on cent ticks as opposed to fractions of a dollar. Advocates of decimalization argue that such a move will reduce the costs of trading by permitting liquidity providers to tighten the bid-ask spread. Recently, the major Canadian stock exchanges moved from fractional pricing to decimal pricing in an attempt to lower the costs of trading. I examine the effect switching to decimal pricing has had on market quality using data acquired from the Toronto Stock Exchange, the largest and most active of the Canadian exchanges. I find that quoted and effective spreads decline significantly following the switch to decimal trading, indicating that trading costs incurred by investors are reduced. Quoted depths in the post-decimalization period, however, also decline dramatically. Furthermore, I find that the change in volume is not sufficient to offset the per share profit decline experienced by liquidity providers in the post- decimalization period. This result indicates that part of the gain to investors is simply a wealth transfer from liquidity providers.
Monoclinic polymorph of 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-epithio-1,3:4,6-bis-O-[(R)-phenylmethylene]-l-iditol1

The title compound C20H20O4S, is polymorphic. In the tetragonal form, the molecule lies on a crystallographic twofold axis, while the monoclinic form has only approximate C 2 molecular symmetry. The greatest excursion from C 2 symmetry is in the orientation of the two phenyl rings; at 100 K, one of the rings is rotated −37.2 (3)° and the other by 46.9 (3)° from their symmetric (tetragonal) positions. There are only minor differences in the three-ring nucleus; the best molecular fit of the tetragonal and monoclinic forms, both at 100 K and excluding phenyl rings and H atoms, shows an r.m.s. deviation of 0.066 Å. Both forms have the same absolute configuration.
INTEGRATING LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR AND CLIMATE PERCEPTIONS IN TEAMWORK: ANTECEDENTS, STRUCTURE, AND INFLUENCE ON WORK GROUPS' INNOVATION, SATISFACTION, AND EFFECTIVENESS IN ORGANIZATIONS

Organizations in nowadays with a changing environment need leaders who are able to analyze the situation, determine what pattern of leadership behavior is needed to influence processes that are relevant for work groups effectiveness. Literature on the topic of leadership rests on a two-dimensional model (the task-oriented and relation-oriented behaviors), and recently on new paradigms (transformational and charismatic leadership). The three-dimensional model proposed by Yukl (2003) incorporates change among the conventional categories, making it compatible with the received literature, despite significant differences. The aim of this paper is to analyze the antecedents and structure of the hierarchical taxonomy of leadership behavior proposed, and its impact on team effectiveness. Confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were carried out to test these hypotheses. Our results confirm these relationships in general. The paper discusses theoretical implications of this study, sets out some practical applications, and remarks some trends for future research.
The Cost of Convenience

Lower transaction costs have shifted voter registration activities online and away from traditional modes of outreach. Downloading forms may impose higher transaction costs than traditional outreach for some people and thereby decrease electoral participation. A randomized, controlled experiment tested this hypothesis by encouraging treatment participants via e-mail to use online voter registration tools. The treatment group was 0.3 percentage points less likely to be registered to vote after the election. A follow-up experiment sent reminders via text message to randomly selected people who had downloaded registration forms. The treatment increased rates of registration by 4 percentage points, suggesting that reminders can ameliorate many of the negative effects of directing people to downloadable online registration forms.
Transposon-Mediated Linker Insertion Scanning Mutagenesis of the Escherichia coli McrA Endonuclease

ABSTRACT McrA is one of three functions that restrict modified foreign DNA in Escherichia coli K-12, affecting both methylated and hydroxymethylated substrates. We present here the first systematic analysis of the functional organization of McrA by using the GPS-LS insertion scanning system. We collected in-frame insertions of five amino acids at 46 independent locations and C-terminal truncations at 20 independent locations in the McrA protein. Each mutant was assayed for in vivo restriction of both methylated and hydroxymethylated bacteriophage (M.HpaII-modified λ and T4gt, respectively) and for induction of the E. coli SOS response in the presence of M.HpaII methylation, indicative of DNA damage. Our findings suggest the presence of an N-terminal DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal catalytic nuclease domain connected by a linker region largely tolerant of amino acid insertions. DNA damage inflicted by a functional C-terminal domain is required for restriction of phage T4gt. Disruption of the N-terminal domain abolishes restriction of both substrates. Surprisingly, truncation mutations that spare the N-terminal domain do not mediate DNA damage, as measured by SOS induction, but nevertheless partially restrict M.HpaII-modified λ in vivo. We suggest a common explanation for this “restriction without damage” and a similar observation seen in vivo with McrB, a component of another of the modified-DNA restriction functions. Briefly, we propose that unproductive site-specific binding of the protein to a vulnerable position in the λ genome disrupts the phage development program at an early stage. We also identified a single mutant, carrying an insertion in the N-terminal domain, which could fully restrict λ but did not restrict T4gt at all. This mutant may have a selective impairment in substrate recognition, distinguishing methylated from hydroxymethylated substrates. The study shows that the technically easy insertion scanning method can provide a rich source of functional information when coupled with effective phenotype tests.
Slip distribution of the 2014 Mw = 8.1 Pisagua, northern Chile, earthquake sequence estimated from coseismic fore‐arc surface cracks

The 2014 Mw = 8.1 Iquique (Pisagua), Chile, earthquake sequence ruptured a segment of the Nazca‐South America subduction zone that last hosted a great earthquake in 1877. The sequence opened >3700 surface cracks in the fore arc of decameter‐scale length and millimeter‐to centimeter‐scale aperture. We use the strikes of measured cracks, inferred to be perpendicular to coseismically applied tension, to estimate the slip distribution of the main shock and largest aftershock. The slip estimates are compatible with those based on seismic, geodetic, and tsunami data, indicating that geologic observations can also place quantitative constraints on rupture properties. The earthquake sequence ruptured between two asperities inferred from a regional‐scale distribution of surface cracks, interpreted to represent a modal or most common rupture scenario for the northern Chile subduction zone. We suggest that past events, including the 1877 earthquake, broke the 2014 Pisagua source area together with adjacent sections in a throughgoing rupture.
Evaluating communication competency of tour guides using a modified importance-performance analysis (MIPA)

Purpose The purpose of this research is to evaluate the communication competency of tour guides using a modified importance–performance analysis (MIPA). Tour guides are cultural ambassadors of a country; their communication skills can make or break tourists’ experiences with guided tours and memories of a destination. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 387 professional tour guides representing 38 per cent of all tour guides in Antalya, Turkey. The study further performs factor analysis using 32 communication competency items to determine underlying performance dimensions. This is followed by an MIPA to statistically identify the gap between factors that tour guides consider important and their perceptions of how they perform on these factors. Findings The study reveals that tour guides need improvement in verbal skills such as grammar, manner of speech and choice of words, as well as non-verbal behaviors such as approachability and the ability to remain friendly while maintaining a certain personal space. Research limitations/implications Due to the nature of this study and certain time limitations, the most effective method proved to be collecting data from a convenient sample of tour guides during their annual workshop. The theory of behavioral communication competency details theoretical and practical implications. Practical implications The study findings provide tour operators and the Association of Professional Tour Guides with a platform from which they can launch educational seminars and workshops to enhance tour guides’ communication competency. Originality/value The study contributes two main findings: This research provides a first-of-its-kind examination of professional tour guides’ communication competency using MIPA. The study improves the efficacy of traditional importance–performance analysis (IPA) models by enhancing them with a gap analysis through a t-test and effect size analysis including a gap analysis takes the arbitrariness out of the process of determining the location of items within the IPA grid. Tourism service providers can use these findings to offer educational seminars that can increase the skill sets of tour guides.
Comparison of fasciocutaneous V‐Y and rotational flaps for defect coverage of sacral pressure sores: a critical single‐centre appraisal

Pressure sore rates remain high in both nursing homes as well as in hospitals. Numerous surgical options are available for defect coverage in the sacral region. However, objective data is scarce as to whether a specific flap design is superior to another. Here, we aim to compare two fasciocutaneous flap designs for sacral defect coverage: the gluteal rotation flap and the gluteal V‐Y flap. All primary sacral pressure sores of grades III–IV that were being covered with gluteal fasciocutaneous rotational or V‐Y flaps between January 2008 and December 2014 at our institution were analysed. A total of 41 patients received a total of 52 flaps. Of these, 18 patients received 20 gluteal rotational flaps, and 23 patients received 32 V‐Y flaps. Both groups were comparable with regards to demographics, comorbidities and complications. Significantly more V‐Y flaps were needed to cover smaller defects. Mean length of hospital stay was significantly prolonged when surgical revision had to be carried out. Both flap designs have proven safe and reliable for defect coverage after sacral pressure sores. Gluteal rotational flaps appear to be more useful for larger defects. Both flap designs facilitate their reuse in case of pressure sore recurrence. Complication rates appear to be comparable in both designs and to the current literature.
The organization of the efferent projections from the pontine parabrachial area to the amygdaloid complex: A phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) study in the rat

The organization of the efferent projections from the pontine parabrachial (pPB) area to the amygdala has been studied in the rat by using microinjections of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L), a sensitive and selective anterograde axonal marker, into restricted subregions of the pPB area.
Algorithm for X-ray Scatter, Beam-Hardening, and Beam Profile Correction in Diagnostic (Kilovoltage) and Treatment (Megavoltage) Cone Beam CT

Quantitative reconstruction of cone beam X-ray computed tomography (CT) datasets requires accurate modeling of scatter, beam-hardening, beam profile, and detector response. Typically, commercial imaging systems use fast empirical corrections that are designed to reduce visible artifacts due to incomplete modeling of the image formation process. In contrast, Monte Carlo (MC) methods are much more accurate but are relatively slow. Scatter kernel superposition (SKS) methods offer a balance between accuracy and computational practicality. We show how a single SKS algorithm can be employed to correct both kilovoltage (kV) energy (diagnostic) and megavoltage (MV) energy (treatment) X-ray images. Using MC models of kV and MV imaging systems, we map intensities recorded on an amorphous silicon flat panel detector to water-equivalent thicknesses (WETs). Scattergrams are derived from acquired projection images using scatter kernels indexed by the local WET values and are then iteratively refined using a scatter magnitude bounding scheme that allows the algorithm to accommodate the very high scatter-to-primary ratios encountered in kV imaging. The algorithm recovers radiological thicknesses to within 9% of the true value at both kV and megavolt energies. Nonuniformity in CT reconstructions of homogeneous phantoms is reduced by an average of 76% over a wide range of beam energies and phantom geometries.
Genome content of uncultivated marine Roseobacters in the surface ocean.

Understanding of the ecological roles and evolutionary histories of marine bacterial taxa can be complicated by mismatches in genome content between wild populations and their better-studied cultured relatives. We used computed patterns of non-synonymous (amino acid-altering) nucleotide diversity in marine metagenomic data to provide high-confidence identification of DNA fragments from uncultivated members of the Roseobacter clade, an abundant taxon of heterotrophic marine bacterioplankton in the world's oceans. Differences in gene stoichiometry in the Global Ocean Survey metagenomic data set compared with 39 sequenced isolates indicated that natural Roseobacter populations differ systematically in several genomic attributes from their cultured representatives, including fewer genes for signal transduction and cell surface modifications but more genes for Sec-like protein secretion systems, anaplerotic CO(2) incorporation, and phosphorus and sulfate uptake. Several of these trends match well with characteristics previously identified as distinguishing r- versus K-selected ecological strategies in bacteria, suggesting that the r-strategist model assigned to cultured roseobacters may be less applicable to their free-living oceanic counterparts. The metagenomic Roseobacter DNA fragments revealed several traits with evolutionary histories suggestive of horizontal gene transfer from other marine bacterioplankton taxa or viruses, including pyrophosphatases and glycosylation proteins.
Program Trading and Expiration-Day Effects

The arbitrage between index futures and the underlying cash index and the cash settlement feature of index futures contracts, which requires arbitrageurs to unwind positions in the stock market, are thought to be at the heart of the abnormal stock price movements during the "triple-witching" hour-the last hour of trading on days on which index futures, index options and options on index futures expire simultaneously. During 1984 and 1985, volume was substantially higher than normal in the last hour of trading on those quarterly Fridays. Open interest in the expiring futures contracts on the expiration day amounted to about 40 per cent, of the average month-end open interest. The incremental stock market volume, however, was approximately one-third the volume that would be inmplied if the entire expiration-day open interest were traded in the stock market. Analysis of stock market price changes in the last hour of expiration days and the first halfhour of the following day indicates that the volatility of price changes was significantly higher on expiration days, with the stock market tending to fall. Stocks not in the SP index option expirations themselves did not lead to abnormal market movements. When the magnitude of price effects was measured by the degree of reversal in prices on the morning after the expiration day, the average magnitude of the price effect in the 10 most recent quarterly futures contract expirations examined was about 0.4 per cent of the closing index value at expiration. The average expiration-day price effect of 0.4 per cent is not large, considering that a price impact of approximately 0.25 per cent of the value of the transaction can be expected on the basis of the bid-ask spread. Once this market impact cost is drawn out, the average expiration day price impact falls to about 0.15 per cent of the value of the transaction, an amount representing the additional cost of liquidity. Furthermore, price impacts in excess of those found on expiration days are frequently encountered in large block transactions, where the cost of providing liquidity also increases. On expiration days, however, transactions in many stocks occur simultaneously, so the market as a whole is affected.
Augmented reality framework supporting conceptual urban planning and enhancing the awareness for environmental impact

This paper introduces a new augmented reality framework based on a multi-source urban planning backbone aiming at interactively investigating fast "what-if" analysis of urban planning simulations and creating awareness of possible environmental impact. The process of advanced urban planning nowadays includes the simulation of physical phenomena, its analysis, visualization and interpretation in order to evaluate the impact on the layout of the planning. For example, noise and air pollution, annoyances due to both nearby transportation infrastructure and urban traffic have become a serious concern for citizens. In order to provide major aid to the involved stakeholders, especially city managers, new techniques for the preparation, representation and interpretation of the typically large amount of resulting simulation data are required. These must be designed in order to enhance the perceptual and cognitive processes of users to facilitate faster interpretation and decision making. Hence, we introduce a new augmented reality framework which not only allows users to visualize but also to analyze physical phenomena in fast "what-if"-scenarios. By changing boundary conditions, parameters and re-simulating at interactive rates results can be augmented into real world planning layouts. Augmenting reality, urban planning and layouts with resulting simulation data through real-time visualizing tools provides a new and efficient interactive post processing unit for the exploration and analysis of the environmental impact due to changing conditions.