Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Diploma Agricultural Students' Attitude towards Educational Sustainability: A Study of Selected Agricultural Training Institutes of Bangladesh

Aims: Sustainability in agriculture can be better understood in the form of learning process. Hence, sustainability education describes the practice of teaching for promoting sustainability in education. Through this article it has been assessed the Bangladeshi diploma agricultural students' attitude towards sustainability in education. Study Design: A descriptive survey design was administered into this study where interview schedule was the main tool being utilized to collect data from the respondents. Place and Duration of Study: Out of 15 government Agricultural Training Institute (ATI), this study Original Research Article Hasan et al.; JESBS, 25(2): 1-12, 2018; Article no.JESBS. 41170 2 was carried out in Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka ATI and Shimultali, Gazipur ATI of Bangladesh. Data were collected from the 6th Term students of the two ATIs. Methodology: The total number of 248 students of 6th term of the two ATIs were the population of the study. Out of these students, 90 students were considered as the sample. The data collection instrument, i.e., the interview schedule was prepared as per the objective of this study. Moreover, five point Likert scale was utilized to judge the attitude of the students and all the statistical calculation were done by means of SPSS program. Results: Most percentage of the students (87%) were in between 20 years of age and entered ATIs as students after completing Secondary School Certificate (SSC) with average GPA of 3.71 in a scale of 04. The findings of this study exhibited that maximum students were moderately agreed to the sustainable diploma agricultural educational statements. Out of 14 different statements/items, half of the statements were moderately agreed and five items were disagreed by the respondents. Moreover, most of the respondents perceived sustainable agricultural education as an important tools of agricultural development of Bangladesh, although currently the respondents were not obtaining sufficient sustainable agricultural knowledge from their respective institutions. Conclusion: The implication of the findings stated that educational organizations can play crucial role to implement sustainability in education. Therefore, the concerned authority can positively think about the existing curriculum of the Diploma Agricultural Education based on the attitude of the students and can adopt sustainable agricultural education which can enable the students to think and practice sustainability in agriculture and other fields.
The Increased Availability and Marketing of Fruit, Juice, and Vegetables to Middle School Students Increases Consumption

Please note that this study was published before the implementation of Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, which went into effect during the 2012-13 school year, and its provision for Smart Snacks Nutrition Standards for Competitive Food in Schools, implemented during the 2014-15 school year. As such, certain research may not be relevant today. ABSTRACT Objectives The objectives of this intervention were to determine whether middle school student consumption of fruit, juice, and vegetables (FJV) during school lunch would be increased by: 1) increasing FJV availability and accessibility in the middle school school lunch snack bar/a la carte line; and 2) combining increased FJV availability and accessibility with a social marketing campaign.
Appearance of adenosine in venous blood from the contracting gracilis muscle and its role in vasodilatation in the dog.

1. In dogs anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone and artificially ventilated, the gracilis muscles were vascularly isolated and perfused at a constant flow rate of 51.2 +/‐ 9.8 ml min‐1 100 g‐1 muscle tissue (183 +/‐ 17.8% of resting blood flow; mean +/‐ S.E.; n = 13). 2. Electrical stimulation of the cut peripheral end of the obturator nerve (6 V, 4 Hz) resulted in muscle contraction (658 +/‐ 118 g 100 g‐1 force after 5 min), and an immediate decrease in arterial perfusion pressure from 179 +/‐ 15.7 mmHg to 87 +/‐ 10.0 mmHg (51.4 +/‐ 4.5% decrease in vascular resistance after 2 min of contraction). Venous oxygen tension decreased from 69.2 +/‐ 5.1 mmHg to 18.5 +/‐ 1.4 mmHg (n = 6). These values did not significantly alter during the remaining period of stimulation (10‐20 min). 3. The concentration of adenosine in arterial plasma did not change significantly during muscle contraction (137 +/‐ 23 nM; n = 10). However, the adenosine concentrations in venous plasma showed a significant (P less than 0.01) increase from a control value of 164 +/‐ 55 nM to 455 +/‐ 77 nM (n = 9) after 5 min of muscle contraction and remained high during the rest of the 20 min contraction. In six of the dogs adenosine concentrations were determined after 1 and 3 min of contraction and showed a smaller but statistically significant (P less than 0.05) rise in venous concentration. 4. During infusion of adenosine into the artery to give plasma concentrations between 0.3 microM and 1 mM, 72.6 +/‐ 2.1% (n = 29) of the infused adenosine was taken up by the tissues before it reached the vein. Comparison of vasodilatation and venous adenosine concentrations during adenosine infusion and muscle contractions showed that the released adenosine could contribute about 15% to the total vasodilatation after 1 min and about 40% between 5 and 20 min of contractions. Released adenosine could contribute about 80% to the vasodilatation that remained 5 min after the withdrawal of stimulation. Arterial perfusion pressure took 22 min to return to control, whereas adenosine release had fallen to zero within 10 min. 5. These data suggest that the released adenosine could contribute to exercise hyperaemia, but is unlikely to be the main factor, particularly in the initial stage.
Paramyxovirus-avian cell relationship: discrepant impact of 6-azauridine on virus production by susceptible and less susceptible cells

The replication of mumps virus in susceptible chicken embryonic heart cells was escalated by daily treatment of cultures with 6-azauridine (6-AU). On the other hand, virus production by less susceptible liver cells was depressed by 6-AU. The population of infected susceptible cells was not increased, but the release of virus by infected susceptible cells was enhanced 20-fold by 10 mug of 6-AU per ml. Less susceptible cells, which incorporated less ribonucleic acid and protein precursor than susceptible cells, sustained a constant level of viral release during 6-AU treatment; however, the number of infected less susceptible cells underwent substantial decline.
Improved determination of biplane imaging geometry from two projection images and its application to three-dimensional reconstruction of coronary arterial trees.

A technique has been developed for accurate estimation of three-dimensional (3D) biplane imaging geometry and reconstruction of 3D objects based on two perspective projections acquired at arbitrary orientations, without the need of calibration. The required prior information (i.e., the intrinsic parameters of each single-plane imaging system) for determination of biplane imaging geometry includes (a) the distance between each focal spot and its image plane, SID (the focal-spot to imaging-plane distance); (b) the pixel size, psize (e.g., 0.3 mm/pixel); (c) the distance between the two focal spots ff' or the known 3D distance between two points in the projection images; and (d) for each view, an approximation of the magnification factor, MF (e.g., 1.2), which is the ratio of the SID and the approximate distance of the object to the focal spot. Item (d) is optional but may provide a more accurate estimation if it is available. Given five or more corresponding object points in both views, a constrained nonlinear optimization algorithm is applied to obtain an optimal estimate of the biplane imaging geometry in the form of a rotation matrix R and a translation vector t that characterize the position and orientation of one imaging system relative to the other. With the calculated biplane imaging geometry, 3D spatial information concerning the object can then be reconstructed. The accuracy of this method was evaluated by using a computer-simulated coronary arterial tree and a cube phantom object. Our simulation study showed that a computer-simulated coronary tree can be reconstructed from two views with less than 2 and 8.4 mm root-mean-square (rms) configuration (or relative-position) error and absolute-position error, respectively, even if the input errors in the corresponding 2D points are fairly large (more than two pixels = 0.6 mm). In contrast, input image error of more than one pixel (= 0.3 mm) can yield 3D position errors of 10 cm or more when other existing methods based on linear approaches are employed. For the cube phantom images acquired from a routine biplane system, rms errors in the 3D configuration of the cube and the 3D absolute position were 0.6-0.9 mm and 3.9-5.0 mm, respectively.
Chronic Lyme; diagnostic and therapeutic challenges

In this review, we aim to discuss the definition, clinical and laboratory features, diagnostics, and management of chronic Lyme. Chronic Lyme is a rare condition caused by long‐lasting and ongoing infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb). The most common manifestations are progressive encephalitis, myelitis, acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans with or without neuropathy, and arthritis. Chronic Lyme is not considered to present with isolated subjective symptoms. Direct detection of Bb has low yield in most manifestations of chronic Lyme, while almost 100% of the cases are seropositive, that is, have detectable Bb IgG antibodies in serum. Detection of Bb antibodies only with Western blot technique and not with ELISA and detection of Bb IgM antibodies without simultaneous detection of Bb IgG antibodies should be considered as seronegativity in patients with long‐lasting symptoms. Patients with chronic Lyme in the nervous system (neuroborreliosis) have, with few exceptions, pleocytosis and production of Bb antibodies in their cerebrospinal fluid. Strict guidelines should be applied in diagnostics of chronic Lyme, and several differential diagnoses, including neurological disease, rheumatologic disease, post‐Lyme disease syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, and psychiatric disease, should be considered in the diagnostic workup. Antibiotic treatment with administration route and dosages according to current guidelines are recommended. Combination antimicrobial therapy or antibiotic courses longer than 4 weeks are not recommended. Patients who attribute their symptoms to chronic Lyme on doubtful basis should be offered a thorough and systematic diagnostic approach, and an open and respectful dialogue.
Emotional color theme extraction

Artists usually carefully select different colors in artistic work so as to convey special visual and emotional feelings. Color theme extraction techniques can help users to acquire the color styles in an image. However, current color theme extraction methods ignore the emotional factors, and they can only provide a single theme result for an image as well, which don't meet people's favor on different colors under different mood states. This paper introduces the conception of emotional color theme, introducing the color emotion theory into color theme extraction, and proposes a novel emotion color theme extraction framework. Our color theme extraction method can be applied in color transfer, image enhancement, etc.
RNase H Cleavage of the 5′ End of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genome

ABSTRACT The synthesis of retroviral DNA is initiated near the 5′ end of the RNA. DNA synthesis is transferred from the 5′ end to the 3′ end of viral RNA in an RNase H-dependent step. In the case of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (and certain other retroviruses that have complex secondary structures at the ends of the viral RNA), there is the possibility that DNA synthesis can lead to a self-priming event that would block viral replication. The extent of RNase H cleavage must be sufficient to allow the strand transfer reaction to occur, but not so extensive that self-priming occurs. We have used a series of model RNA substrates, with and without a 5′ cap, to investigate the rules governing RNase H cleavage at the 5′ end of the HIV-1 genome. These in vitro RNase H cleavage reactions produce an RNA fragment of the size needed to block self-priming but still allow strand transfer. The cleavages seen in vitro can be understood in light of the structure of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in a complex with an RNA/DNA substrate.
Deeper penetration of large earthquakes on seismically quiescent faults

A microseismic turn off Certain strike-slip faults do not have the expected number of microearthquakes between larger earthquakes. Jiang and Lapusta suggest that this behavior is down to what the last big earthquake looked like. They found that microseismicity turns off if an earthquake's rupture runs deeper than the fault's locking depth. This appears to be the case along the famous San Andreas Fault and also along other strike-slip faults around the world. The discovery may allow for better estimates of historic earthquake magnitudes and improve hazard assessments. Science, this issue p. 1293 Reduced seismicity along certain strike-slip fault segments may be due to unexpectedly deep ruptures during big earthquakes. Why many major strike-slip faults known to have had large earthquakes are silent in the interseismic period is a long-standing enigma. One would expect small earthquakes to occur at least at the bottom of the seismogenic zone, where deeper aseismic deformation concentrates loading. We suggest that the absence of such concentrated microseismicity indicates deep rupture past the seismogenic zone in previous large earthquakes. We support this conclusion with numerical simulations of fault behavior and observations of recent major events. Our modeling implies that the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake on the San Andreas Fault in Southern California penetrated below the seismogenic zone by at least 3 to 5 kilometers. Our findings suggest that such deeper ruptures may occur on other major fault segments, potentially increasing the associated seismic hazard.
Co-scheduling tasks on multi-core heterogeneous systems: An energy-aware perspective

Single-ISA heterogeneous multi-core processors trade-off power with performance; however, threads that co-run on shared resources suffer from resource contention, which induces performance degradation and energy inefficiency. The authors introduce a novel approach to optimise the co-scheduling of multi-threaded applications on heterogeneous processors. The approach is based on the concept of stakes function, which represents the trade-off between isolation and sharing of resources. The authors also develop a co-scheduling algorithm that use stakes functions to optimise resource usage while mitigating resource contention, thus improving performance and energy efficiency. They validated the approach using applications from the Princeton Application Repository for Shared-Memory Computers (PARSEC) benchmark suite, obtaining up to 12.88% performance speed-up, 13.65% energy speed-up and 28.29% energy delay speed-up with respect to the standard Linux heterogeneous multi-processing scheduler.
Heart Rate Prediction for Easy Walking Route Planning

: In this paper, aiming to support easy walking route planning, we propose methods for predicting a heart rate along the arbitrary route without walking data, and recommending a semi-optimal walking route based on the predicted results. In our method, we build a model to predict the heart rate during walking with expected walking speed and gradient along a target route, and compute a semi-optimal walking route (near least physical load route satisfying calorie / distance constraints requested by a user) by using the model. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model, a walking experiment with 39 participants was conducted. The result showed that our model could predict the heart rate with mean absolute error (MAE) of 6.31 beats per minute on average. We also conﬁrmed that the route recommended by our method satisﬁed calorie / distance constraints requested by a user while keeping the average and the maximum physical load (in terms of heart rate reserve) at 29.5% (light load) and 44.4% (moderate load), respectively.
Denial in Dialysis Patients: Relationship to Compliance and Other Variables

&NA; Denial has been documented as an important defense mechanism to helping the chronically ill cope with their disease. With respect to a dialysis population, however, the role of denial has been ambiguous. The purpose of this study were 1) to examine the physiological and psychological correlates of denial in a dialysis population and 2) (to examine the relationship between use of denial and compliance to fluid restrictions. Subjects were 46 self‐ and limited‐care dialysis patients. From this subject pool two groups were derived, based upon weight gains between treatments: complies (N=15) and noncompliers(N=16). Both physiological and psychological data were correlated with denial as measured by the Marlow‐Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Results indicated that denial is used a great deal in dialysis patients, but there was no difference in denial scores between compliers and noncompliers. For compliers, however, denial was correlated with more adaptive attitudes toward illness. The results have implication for the clinical management of dialysis patients.
Orthogonal matrix based control allocation for time-varying state delay systems with actuator faults

This technical note mainly focuses on the problem of fault tolerant control for a class of time-varying state delay systems against actuator failures. A novel control allocation scheme via the orthogonal matrix technique is proposed, in which the partition technique can make that each row vector in the partitioned control matrix have elements of free magnitude while satisfying the control requirement. Based on the proposed method combining with the integral sliding mode approach, some less conservative stability conditions for the closed-loop system have been obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme against failures is illustrated via a large transport aircraft model.
Geomagnetic induction in the Tasman Sea and electrical conductivity structure beneath the Tasman Seafloor

SUMMARY During the Tasman Project of Seafloor Magnetotelluric Exploration recordings were made of the natural magnetic and electric field variations along a line of seafloor sites crossing the Tasman Sea. Using these data and additional magnetic field recordings made on the Australian continent the pattern of geomagnetic induction in the Tasman Sea Region is examined. An investigation of the seafloor magnetotelluric impedance tensor indicates the geomagnetic induction is influenced by the large-scale 3-D conductivity structure of the region. This result is confirmed by a study of impedance estimates obtained using the vertical gradient sounding method (in which the seafloor impedance is determined from the attenuation of the horizontal magnetic field variations through the ocean). Inversion of the E-polarization impedance component from sites in the central Tasman Sea indicates the conductivity structure at depths greater than about 100 km is laterally homogeneous in this region. It is probable that the conductivity structure at these sites includes a high-conducting layer similar to one observed in the Pacific Ocean. One seafloor site, lying on the Tasmantid Seamount Chain, exhibits an increased conductivity at depths of less than 100 km. The increased conductivity may be due to heating of the lithosphere by a hotspot, one proposed source of the seamount chain.
Economic evaluation of spinal cord stimulation for chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy

Objective: To evaluate the economic aspects of treatment of chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) with spinal cord stimulation (SCS), using outcomes and costs of care before and after the start of treatment. Methods: Fifty-four patients with chronic RSD were randomized to receive either SCS together with physical therapy (SCS+PT; n = 36) or physical therapy alone (PT; n = 18). Twenty-four SCS+PT patients responded positively to trial stimulation and underwent SCS implantation. During 12 months of follow-up, costs (routine RSD costs, SCS costs, out-of-pocket costs) and effects (pain relief by visual analogue scale, health-related quality of life [HRQL] improvement by EQ-5D) were assessed in both groups. Analyses were carried out up to 1 year and up to the expected time of death. Results: SCS was both more effective and less costly than the standard treatment protocol. As a result of high initial costs of SCS, in the first year, the treatment per patient is $4,000 more than control therapy. However, in the lifetime analysis, SCS per patient is $60,000 cheaper than control therapy. In addition, at 12 months, SCS resulted in pain relief (SCS+PT [−2.7] vs PT [0.4] [p < 0.001]) and improved HRQL (SCS+PT [0.22] vs PT [0.03] [p = 0.004]). Conclusions: The authors found SCS to be both more effective and less expensive as compared with the standard treatment protocol for chronic RSD.
Fluctuation Sensitivity Map: A Novel Technique to Characterise and Predict Device Behaviour Under Metal Grain Work-Function Variability Effects

A new technique developed for the analysis of intrinsic sources of variability affecting the performance of semiconductor devices is presented. It is based on the creation of a fluctuation sensitivity map (FSM), which supplies spatial information about the source of variability affecting the device performance and reliability, providing useful advice in the development of fluctuation-resistant device architectures. We have applied the FSM to metal grain work-function variations (MGWVs), since they are one of the major contributors to device variability. This technique is computationally very efficient because, once the original FSM is created, it can be used to predict the MGWV for different metal gates or grain sizes (GSs). Two state-of-the-art devices were used as test-models: a 10.7-nm gate length Si FinFET and 10.4-nm gate length In0.53Ga0. 47As FinFET. The cross-sectional shape (triangular, rectangular, or bullet), the metal used in the gate (TiN or WN), and the GS (10, 7, and 5 nm) have been used as test scenarios for this technique.