Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Migration–Development Nexus in EU External Relations

Abstract The linkage of development cooperation with migration policies has been promoted widely by international organizations from 2000 onwards. This paper analyses the factors that have prompted and impeded a reorientation of the dominant migration policy‐frame within the EU towards the realization of a migration–development nexus. It is argued that external events such as the international debate on the migration–development nexus and the external shocks provoked by the events in Ceuta and Melilla prompted the EU to rethink its traditionally rather narrow approach, focusing on the repression of migration flows. However, the persistence of the established policy‐frame and the existing institutional setting limit the scope for balanced policy coordination, introducing development mainly as an instrument of migration policy rather than the other way round. Challenging the literature that argues that there is a necessary trade‐off between a development and a security‐orientated migration policy, it is shown that this dichotomous juxtaposition hides the many ways in which different orientations can be combined, depending on the institutional context within which they are framed.
An Evolution of Communication in Postoperative Free Flap Monitoring: Using a Smartphone and Mobile Messenger Application

Summary: For more precise and rapid notification of free flap status between staff members after surgery, the authors used a smartphone and mobile messenger application including multimedia during the initial postoperative period and analyzed the influence of this method for the re-exploration time and survival rate of the flap before and after use. From April of 2010 to September of 2011, 123 consecutive free flaps were reviewed. The authors increased the flap survival rate from 96.2 to 100 percent and increased the threatened flap salvage rate from 50 to 100 percent with this method. The time interval between the first notification of flap compromise and the start of re-exploration was significantly shortened (4.0 versus 1.4 hours). This method not only provided better communication and comprehensive information but also allowed early diagnosis of flap compromise to be actualized at early re-exploration, ultimately increasing flap survival. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.
Deep Classification and Generation of Reddit Post Titles

The online news aggregation website Reddit offers a rich source of user-submitted content. In this paper, we analyze the titles of submissions on Reddit and build contextual models that learn the patterns of posts from different subcommunities, called subreddits. The scope of our project is twofold. First, we use post titles from 10 hand-selected subreddits and build a single-layer LSTM classifier model to predict the subreddit a particular title is from. Additionally, we implement a bot that is able to generate random post titles using LSTMs trained on each individual subreddit. Our classification algorithm performs quite well and achieves an average test accuracy of 85.6%. Our post generator had mixed results, with an average test perplexity of approximately 200 across the subreddits. Qualitative assessment of the generations demonstrate that our model outputs vaguely sensible results on average, with posts from certain subreddits being easier to generate than others. Though there is certainly room for improvement, we believe our novel results provide a good baseline that can be extended upon.
A Social-Value Analysis of Postmaterialism

The author investigated the relationship between social values and R. Inglehart's (1971, 1981, 1990) Postmaterialism concept. In his theory, Materialism and Postmaterialism are basic value dimensions motivated by a person's need for security and short-term survival (on the one hand) and the desire to address needs that transcend material concerns (on the other). The aim of the present study was to attempt to locate Postmaterialism relative to politically nonspecific social values. Participants were 161 New Zealand university undergraduate men and women who completed P. R. Abramson and R. Inglehart's (1995) Postmaterialism scale and a 56-item Social Values Inventory (S. H. Schwartz, 1992). Analyses of Postmaterialism scale scores and aggregated scores reflecting the motivations underlying different groups of social values supported the hypothesis that Postmaterialism, as measured by this scale, is positively related to values associated with Self-Direction and Universalism motivations and negatively related to Security motivations. The results indicate that previous research had been limited to the application of values representing only a small part of the overall values space.
Parkinson-related LRRK2 mutation R1441C/G/H impairs PKA phosphorylation of LRRK2 and disrupts its interaction with 14-3-3

Significance Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a multidomain protein implicated in Parkinson disease, and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) has been suggested to act as an upstream kinase phosphorylating LRRK2. Using a phosphoproteomics approach, we identified several novel PKA phosphorylation sites on LRRK2. We could demonstrate that one PKA phosphosite comprises the second most common mutation in LRRK2 (R1441C/G/H) attributed to Parkinson disease. Our findings reveal that this site is mandatory for subsequent 14-3-3 binding and affects LRRK2 kinase activity. These data provide a mechanistic insight into the regulation of LRRK2 kinase activity and its perturbation by disease-associated mutations. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a multidomain protein implicated in Parkinson disease (PD); however, the molecular mechanism and mode of action of this protein remain elusive. cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), along with other kinases, has been suggested to be an upstream kinase regulating LRRK2 function. Using MS, we detected several sites phosphorylated by PKA, including phosphorylation sites within the Ras of complex proteins (ROC) GTPase domain as well as some previously described sites (S910 and S935). We systematically mapped those sites within LRRK2 and investigated their functional consequences. S1444 in the ROC domain was confirmed as a target for PKA phosphorylation using ROC single-domain constructs and through site-directed mutagenesis. Phosphorylation at S1444 is strikingly reduced in the major PD-related LRRK2 mutations R1441C/G/H, which are part of a consensus PKA recognition site (1441RASpS1444). Furthermore, our work establishes S1444 as a PKA-regulated 14-3-3 docking site. Experiments of direct binding to the three 14-3-3 isotypes gamma, theta, and zeta with phosphopeptides encompassing pS910, pS935, or pS1444 demonstrated the highest affinities to phospho-S1444. Strikingly, 14-3-3 binding to phospho-S1444 decreased LRRK2 kinase activity in vitro. Moreover, substitution of S1444 by alanine or by introducing the mutations R1441C/G/H, abrogating PKA phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding, resulted in increased LRRK2 kinase activity. In conclusion, these data clearly demonstrate that LRRK2 kinase activity is modulated by PKA-mediated binding of 14-3-3 to S1444 and suggest that 14-3-3 interaction with LRRK2 is hampered in R1441C/G/H-mediated PD pathogenesis.
Manufacturing Computer Aided Process Planning For Rotational Parts. Part 2: A New Approach for Optimizing Multiple Interpretations of Interacting Features Based on Manufacturing Rules and Metal Removal Principals

Automatic Feature Recognition (AFR) has played a crucial role linking Computer Aided Design (CAD) activities and Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) activities. For the purpose, many methods have been developed to recognize form features from CAD files, taking into account features interactions. Among one of the most efficient approaches that can handle features interactions is the Cell-based volume decomposition approach. However, on the one hand, this method suffers from computational combinatorial explosions when multiple interpretations of sets to remove volumetric features from a same part are generated. On the other hand, not all interpretations are rational from a machining point of view in the real manufacturing environment. This paper describes a new approach to eliminate the undesirable interpretations of features, according to manufacturing rules and metal removal principals. A Features Suppression system is elaborated, and which consists in adding or removing material rings matching to some volumetric features of the part. By this way, the part and the stock are modified, and the number of interacting features that are used to generate multiple interpretations of features is remarkably reduced. A simple example part has been processed through this paper to validate the approach.
Postural hypotension in hypertensive patients

Background: The association between orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension (Hypo–Hyper) has been reported in previous studies on selected populations. The present longitudinal study aimed to characterize the haemodynamic patterns, comorbidity, prognostic implications and eventual effect of therapy in patients with the Hypo–Hyper pattern. Methods: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (AMAP) and clinical evaluation were performed on 615 consecutive patients recruited from the Hypertension Clinics of five Italian Hospitals: 34 patents were identified as Hypo–Hyper, and underwent 10‐month follow‐up. Results: The incidence of the Hypo–Hyper pattern was 5.5% in the hypertensives studied. Hypo–Hyper was more frequent in the elderly (mean age 58 years), and the affected population exhibited different kinds of underlying pathologies. Multivariate analysis showed no association between antihypertensive treatment and Hypo–Hyper pattern. Patients with AMAP features of higher blood pressure values at night‐time than at daytime displayed higher rates of myocardial hypertrophy and pacemaker implantation during the follow‐up. Conclusions: Although the study design did not aim to identify any pathophysiological mechanism for Hypo–Hyper pattern, these first data show that the Hypo–Hyper association is the effect of a particular subtype of hypertension, with significantly different prognostic implications.
Gene 33/RALT Is Induced by Hypoxia in Cardiomyocytes, Where It Promotes Cell Death by Suppressing Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Survival Signaling

ABSTRACT Ischemia in the heart deprives cardiomyocytes of oxygen, triggering cell death (myocardial infarction). Ischemia and its cell culture model, hypoxia, elicit a stress response program that contributes to cardiomyocyte death; however, the molecular components required to promote this process remain nebulous. Gene 33 is a 50-kDa cytosolic adapter protein that suppresses signaling from receptor Tyr kinases of the epidermal growth factor receptor/ErbB family. Here we show that adenoviral expression of Gene 33 swiftly stimulates cardiomyocyte death coincident with reduced Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Subjecting cardiomyocytes to hypoxia and then reoxygenation induces gene 33 mRNA and Gene 33 protein. RNA interference experiments indicate that endogenous Gene 33 reduces Akt and ERK signaling and is required for maximal hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte death. Gene 33 levels are also strikingly increased in myocardial ischemic injury and infarction. Our results identify a new role for Gene 33 as a component in the molecular pathophysiology of ischemic injury.
Binaural Beat: A Failure to Enhance EEG Power and Emotional Arousal

When two pure tones of slightly different frequencies are delivered simultaneously to the two ears, is generated a beat whose frequency corresponds to the frequency difference between them. That beat is known as acoustic beat. If these two tones are presented one to each ear, they still produce the sensation of the same beat, although no physical combination of the tones occurs outside the auditory system. This phenomenon is called binaural beat. In the present study, we explored the potential contribution of binaural beats to the enhancement of specific electroencephalographic (EEG) bands, as previous studies suggest the potential usefulness of binaural beats as a brainwave entrainment tool. Additionally, we analyzed the effects of binaural-beat stimulation on two psychophysiological measures related to emotional arousal: heart rate and skin conductance. Beats of five different frequencies (4.53 Hz -theta-, 8.97 Hz -alpha-, 17.93 Hz -beta-, 34.49 Hz -gamma- or 57.3 Hz -upper-gamma) were presented binaurally and acoustically for epochs of 3 min (Beat epochs), preceded and followed by pink noise epochs of 90 s (Baseline and Post epochs, respectively). In each of these epochs, we analyzed the EEG spectral power, as well as calculated the heart rate and skin conductance response (SCR). For all the beat frequencies used for stimulation, no significant changes between Baseline and Beat epochs were observed within the corresponding EEG bands, neither with binaural or with acoustic beats. Additional analysis of spectral EEG topographies yielded negative results for the effect of binaural beats in the scalp distribution of EEG spectral power. In the psychophysiological measures, no changes in heart rate and skin conductance were observed for any of the beat frequencies presented. Our results do not support binaural-beat stimulation as a potential tool for the enhancement of EEG oscillatory activity, nor to induce changes in emotional arousal.
Supporting Energy-Efficient Computing on Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Architectures

Modern high performance computing and cloud computing infrastructures often leverage Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) to provide accelerated, massively parallel computational power. This performance gain, however, may also introduce higher energy consumption. The energy challenge has become more and more pronounced when the system scales. To address this challenge, we propose Archon, a framework for supporting energy-efficient computing on CPU-GPU heterogeneous architectures. Specifically, Archon takes user's programs as input, automatically distribute the workload between CPU and GPU, and dynamically tunes the distribution ratio at runtime for an energy-efficient execution. Experiments have been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of Archon, and the results show that it can achieve considerable energy savings at runtime, without significant efforts from the programmers.
A 65nm 3.2GHz 44.2mW Low-Vt register file with robust low-capacitance dynamic local bitlines

This paper presents the highest measured read access frequency for a multi-ported register file (RF) fabricated in a low-power (LP) 1.2V TSMC 65nm low-Vt CMOS process. Active power is reduced with the use of low-capacitance dynamic local bitlines (LBLs). The dc noise robustness of low-Vt dynamic LBLs is enhanced by 94% compared to conventional low-Vt dynamic LBLs with novel gated inverter-based read port architecture. The 2-read, 1-write-ported 32-entry × 32-bit per word RF demonstrates measured 3.2GHz operation at 1.2V by consuming 44.2mW of active power and 197. 5μW of leakage power. The RF is measured down to 0.4V.
Mechanical characterization of magnetic nanowire–polydimethylsiloxane composites

One-dimensional magnetic nanowires have been introduced into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form polymer based nanocomposites. In contrast to the conventional nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, nanoparticles, and layer-structured materials, these well-defined anisotropic metallic nanowires are highly conductive and have much weaker van der Waals interactions. Moreover, composition modulation can be introduced along the wire axis to achieve multifunctionalities. Incorporation of magnetic segment(s) to the nanowire makes it possible to use external magnetic field to manipulate the distribution and alignment of nanowires when they are suspended in liquids. To characterize the mechanical responses of the nanowire-elastomer composite, an approach using microscale rulers has been developed to improve the resolution of strain measurement. Mechanical strengthening effects in PDMS composites with randomly and aligned nickel nanowires have been investigated.
A Half-Arc Multiple Deep-Inspiration Breath-Hold Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for a Lung Tumor with 10 MV Flattening-Filter-Free Beams and an Image Sensor Measuring a Distance Map to Thorax Surface: An Initial Clinical Experience

A technique for multiple deep-inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for a lung tumor has been proposed with 10 MV flattening-filter-free beams and an image sensor measuring a distance map to thorax surface. Planning CT images were acquired under a DIBH condition and a clinical target volume (CTV) was contoured. This procedure was repeated five times and an internal target volume (ITV) among the multiple DIBHs was created by integrating the five CTVs. A planning target volume (PTV) was defined by adding an isotropic margin of 5 mm to the ITV. Immediately before treatment, a 30-second half-arc cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) imaging was performed under another DIBH condition, and the couch was repositioned so that tumor may be located inside the PTV contours. An infrared distance measurement device having laser diodes and an image sensor was attached to the couch, and a distance map to the patient thorax surface was recorded as a reference during still another DIBH condition. A half-arc segmented VMAT beams with two beam interrupts were delivered to the patient under multiple DIBHs, where the delivery time of each of the three segmented beams was 30 seconds. During the beam delivery, the distance map was monitored in real time to confirm that the distance to the thorax surface remained unchanged. In-treatment CBCT images suggested that the tumor position at the time of tumor registration was accurately reproduced during the DIBH VMAT delivery.
Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome in adults with Down syndrome

Key points Adults with Down syndrome are predisposed to obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) due to overlap between the Down syndrome phenotype and OSAHS risk factors. The prevalence of OSAHS in adults with Down syndrome is estimated at 35–42%. This is up to ten-times higher than in the general adult population. Symptoms of OSAHS, including behavioural and emotional disturbances as well as standard symptoms such as sleepiness, should be monitored as part of regular health surveillance in adults with Down syndrome. There is evidence that the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in adults with Down syndrome and comorbid OSAHS can lead to significant improvements in subjective sleepiness, behaviour and cognitive function, though further large-scale trials are required. Educational aims To discuss the relationship between the phenotypic features of Down syndrome and the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS). To examine the prevalence of OSAHS in adults with Down syndrome. To review recent research into the effectiveness of treatment of OSAHS in adults with Down syndrome using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) is characterised by repeated cycles of upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to diurnal symptoms. Individuals with Down syndrome are predisposed to OSAHS due to overlap between the Down syndrome phenotype and OSAHS risk factors. Recent large studies using subjective and objective measures estimate that OSAHS affects around 40% of adults with Down syndrome, in contrast to 2–4% of the general adult population. The “double-hit” of comorbid Down syndrome and OSAHS may accelerate cognitive decline in adults with Down syndrome. However, with the appropriate care and support, OSAHS can be treated effectively in this group using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, improving daytime function and behaviour. Symptoms of OSAHS should be routinely monitored in this population, with testing and treatment available to all adults with Down syndrome; however, this is not currently commonplace, and health inequalities are evident. Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome affects ∼40% of adults with Down syndrome cut can be treated effectively http://ow.ly/Jdco3062xP5
Hominid mandibular corpus shape variation and its utility for recognizing species diversity within fossil Homo

Mandibular corpora are well represented in the hominin fossil record, yet few studies have rigorously assessed the utility of mandibular corpus morphology for species recognition, particularly with respect to the linear dimensions that are most commonly available. In this study, we explored the extent to which commonly preserved mandibular corpus morphology can be used to: (i) discriminate among extant hominid taxa and (ii) support species designations among fossil specimens assigned to the genus Homo. In the first part of the study, discriminant analysis was used to test for significant differences in mandibular corpus shape at different taxonomic levels (genus, species and subspecies) among extant hominid taxa (i.e. Homo, Pan, Gorilla, Pongo). In the second part of the study, we examined shape variation among fossil mandibles assigned to Homo (including H. habilis sensu stricto, H. rudolfensis, early African H. erectus/H. ergaster, late African H. erectus, Asian H. erectus, H. heidelbergensis, H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens). A novel randomization procedure designed for small samples (and using group ‘distinctness values’) was used to determine whether shape variation among the fossils is consistent with conventional taxonomy (or alternatively, whether a priori taxonomic groupings are completely random with respect to mandibular morphology). The randomization of ‘distinctness values’ was also used on the extant samples to assess the ability of the test to recognize known taxa. The discriminant analysis results demonstrated that, even for a relatively modest set of traditional mandibular corpus measurements, we can detect significant differences among extant hominids at the genus and species levels, and, in some cases, also at the subspecies level. Although the randomization of ‘distinctness values’ test is more conservative than discriminant analysis (based on comparisons with extant specimens), we were able to detect at least four distinct groups among the fossil specimens (i.e. H. sapiens, H. heidelbergensis, Asian H. erectus and a combined ‘African Homo’ group consisting of H. habilis sensu stricto, H. rudolfensis, early African H. erectus/H. ergaster and late African H. erectus). These four groups appear to be distinct at a level similar to, or greater than, that of modern hominid species. In addition, the mandibular corpora of H. neanderthalensis could be distinguished from those of ‘African Homo’, although not from those of H. sapiens, H. heidelbergensis, or the Asian H. erectus group. The results suggest that the features most commonly preserved on the hominin mandibular corpus have some taxonomic utility, although they are unlikely to be useful in generating a reliable alpha taxonomy for early African members of the genus Homo.