Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screening for prostate cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objective To examine the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for prostate cancer. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Data sources Electronic databases including Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, abstract proceedings, and reference lists up to July 2010. Review methods Included studies were randomised controlled trials comparing screening by prostate specific antigen with or without digital rectal examination versus no screening. Data abstraction and assessment of methodological quality with the GRADE approach was assessed by two independent reviewers and verified by the primary investigator. Mantel-Haenszel and inverse variance estimates were calculated and pooled under a random effects model expressing data as relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. Results Six randomised controlled trials with a total of 387 286 participants that met inclusion criteria were analysed. Screening was associated with an increased probability of receiving a diagnosis of prostate cancer (relative risk 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.21 to 1.77; P<0.001) and stage I prostate cancer (1.95, 1.22 to 3.13; P=0.005). There was no significant effect of screening on death from prostate cancer (0.88, 0.71 to 1.09; P=0.25) or overall mortality (0.99, 0.97 to 1.01; P=0.44). All trials had one or more substantial methodological limitations. None provided data on the effects of screening on participants’ quality of life. Little information was provided about potential harms associated with screening. Conclusions The existing evidence from randomised controlled trials does not support the routine use of screening for prostate cancer with prostate specific antigen with or without digital rectal examination.
Color Tuning of Avobenzone Boron Difluoride as an Emitter to Achieve Full‐Color Emission

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) displaying a wide range of emission colors with emission peaks from 450 to 665 nm using a single emitting material, avobenzone boron difluoride (AVB‐BF2), are reported. Color tuning is achieved by controlling the aggregation of AVB‐BF2 and the formation of a “triadic” exciplex of an AVB‐BF2 dimer and a host molecule. Various electroluminescent devices containing AVB‐BF2 cover the whole visible light spectrum and a white‐emitting device with CIE coordinates of (0.35, 0.37) is obtained with a single emitting material in a single emissive layer. Furthermore, an exceptionally high external quantum efficiency of nearly 13% is achieved for a green‐emitting OLED because AVB‐BF2 exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence by forming the exciplex.
An evaluation of the interactive-activation model using masked partial-word priming

Predictions from Davis and Lupker's (2006) version of the interactive-activation model (McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981) were tested in four masked priming lexical decision experiments. Ambiguous partial-word primes (i.e., ho#se resembles HOUSE and HORSE) preceded word targets with few neighbours (low-N) or many neighbours (high-N) when the word/nonword discrimination was either easy (Experiment 1A) or difficult (Experiment 1B). In a second experiment, unambiguous partial-word primes (i.e., cl#ff resembles only CLIFF) preceded hermit (i.e., words with no neighbours), low-N, or high-N word targets when the word/nonword discrimination was either easy (Experiment 2A) or difficult (Experiment 2B). The model's predictions are supported by the results for the ambiguous primes, but not by the results for the unambiguous primes, particularly when hermit targets are used. A revised definition of the orthographic neighbourhood of a word and/or different assumptions about the impact of frequency on lexical representations would improve the model's ability to account for the data.
Ground Tyre Rubber/Waste Polypropylene Blends – Effect of Composition on Mechanical Properties

Ground tyre rubber (GTR) was blended with waste polypropylene (WPP) in nine different compositions to prepare GTR/WPP blends. The blends were prepared in a Haake Rheocord PolyLab system at a temperature of 180 °C and a rotor speed of 30 r/min for 8 min. The processing characteristics of the blends showed an increase in steady-state mixing torque with an increase in GTR content, suggesting an increased difficulty in processability at GTR loadings above 30 wt. %. Morphological observations of the blends showed two-phase systems. The GTR was dispersed in a continuous WPP matrix in blends containing up to 60 wt. % GTR, and the size of the dispersed GTR agglomerants increased with GTR content. At 70 wt. %, the GTR dispersed phase changed to a continuous phase. Tensile strength, modulus, and tear resistance decreased with GTR content, while the elongation at break and the impact failure energy increased. All these properties remained relatively unchanged at low GTR contents, suggesting that a critical GTR level is required to obtain rubber-like properties in a simple rubber–thermoplastic blend.
Burden and Correlates of Falls among Rural Elders of South India: Mobility and Independent Living in Elders Study

Aim Falls are an important contributor to loss of function, morbidity, and mortality in elders. Little is known about falls in Indian populations. The objective of this cross-sectional report was to identify the prevalence and correlates of falls in a cohort of 562 rural southern Indian men and women. Methods Risk factors included demographics, anthropometrics, self-reported health, medical history, physical function, vision, depression, and lifestyle. Odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression. Results 71 (13%) subjects reported at least 1 fall in the past year. Prevalence was higher among women (17%) than men (8%), P = 0.003. Sex and age showed significant interaction (P = 0.04) whereby falls prevalence increased with age among women but decreased among men. Correlates of falls among men included a history of osteoarthritis (OA) (odds ratio (OR): 6.91; 95% CI: 1.4–33.1), depression (OR:9.6; 3.1–30.1), and greater height (OR per 1 standard deviation increase: 2.33; 1.1–5.1). Among women, poor physical performance (OR: 3.33; 1.13–9.86) and history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (OR: 2.42; 1.01–5.80) were independently associated with falls. Implications Prevalence of falls in elderly South Indians was lower than published reports from western countries and likely reflects low exposure to fall risks. Patterns with age differed in men and women and may reflect sex differences in the accuracy of age recall. Presence of comorbidities specifically OA, CVD, and depression was independent correlate of falling.
The generalized degrees of freedom of the interference relay channel with strong interference

The interference relay channel (IRC) under strong interference is considered. A high-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) generalized degrees of freedom (GDoF) characterization of the capacity is obtained. To this end, a new GDoF upper bound is derived based on a genie-aided approach. The achievability of the GDoF is based on cooperative interference neutralization. It turns out that the relay increases the GDoF even if the relay-destination link is weak. Moreover, in contrast to the standard interference channel, the GDoF is not a monotonically increasing function of the interference strength in the strong interference regime.
3D CAFE model for simulating the solidification microstructure of 430 stainless steel

Taking heat transfer,flow of liquids,and solute diffusion into account,a three-dimensional cellular automata-finite element(3D CAFE) model was built to simulate the solidification microstructure of 430 stainless steel.Based on the model,the change laws of temperature,solidification fraction and grain morphology in the steel ingot were revealed during the solidification process.In the model,Gaussian distribution was employed to describe the relationship between the grain nucleation density and the degree of undercooling,and the KGT model was adopted to describe the dendrite growth.According to the Fe-C-17% Cr equilibrium phase diagram,the solidification path was determined,and the distribution of porosities and shrinkage cavities in the steel ingot was predicted.The temperature history and the final microstructure simulated by the model are in agreement with experimental results.
Identification and Characterization of the Orf 49 Protein of Kaposi ’ s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus

Identification and Characterization of the Orf49 Protein of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Carlos M. González, Emily L. Wong, Brian S. Bowser, Gregory K. Hong, Shannon Kenney, and Blossom Damania* Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
Filtering of Ineffective siRNAs and Improved siRNA Design Tool

MOTIVATION Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used to suppress gene expression and possess many potential applications in therapy, but how to design an effective siRNA is still not clear. Based on the MPI (Max-Planck-Institute) basic principles, a number of siRNA design tools have been developed recently. The set of candidates reported by these tools is usually large and often contains ineffective siRNAs. In view of this, we initiate the study of filtering ineffective siRNAs. RESULTS The contribution of this paper is 2-fold. First, we propose a fair scheme to compare existing design tools based on real data in the literature. Second, we attempt to improve the MPI principles and existing tools by an algorithm that can filter ineffective siRNAs. The algorithm is based on some new observations on the secondary structure, which we have verified by AI techniques (decision trees and support vector machines). We have tested our algorithm together with the MPI principles and the existing tools. The results show that our filtering algorithm is effective. AVAILABILITY The siRNA design software tool can be found in the website http://www.cs.hku.hk/~sirna/ CONTACT smyiu@cs.hku.hk
Test of residual stress by hole drilling strain method

This paper introduced the theory of measuring residual stress using hole drill- ing strain method,as well as the correction method of release coefficient which could improve measure precision,including the strain release coefficient correction method of shape-changed energy parameter,the strain release coefficient correction method by classification,error correction method of iterative calculation and error curve correction method.The advantages and disadvantages of several drilling methods like auger drill- ing,abrasive jet drilling,high-speed endmill drilling have been introduced in this paper, as well as some other factors that would influence the test results of hole drilling strain method.
Conflict-Aware Weighted Bipartite B-Matching and Its Application to E-Commerce

The weighted bipartite b-matching problem (WBM) plays a significant role in many real-world applications, including resource allocation, scheduling, Internet advertising, and E-commerce. WBM has been widely studied and efficient matching algorithms are well known. In this work, we study a novel variant of WBM, called conflict-aware WBM (CA-WBM), where conflict constraints are present between vertices of the bipartite graph. In CA-WBM, if two vertices (on the same side) are in conflict, they may not be included in the matching result simultaneously. We present a generalized formulation of CA-WBM in the context of E-commerce, where diverse matching results are often desired (e.g., movies of different genres and merchants selling products of different categories). While WBM is efficiently solvable in polynomial-time, we show that CA-WBM is NP-hard. We propose approximate and randomized algorithms to solve CA-WBM and show that they achieve close to optimal solutions via comprehensive experiments using synthetic datasets. We derive a theoretical bound on the approximation ratio of a greedy algorithm for CA-WBM and show that it is scalable on a large-scale real-world dataset.
Non-Random Inversion Landscapes in Prokaryotic Genomes Are Shaped by Heterogeneous Selection Pressures

Inversions are a major contributor to structural genome evolution in prokaryotes. Here, using a novel alignment-based method, we systematically compare 1651 bacterial and 98 archaeal genomes to show that inversion landscapes are frequently biased towards (symmetric) inversions around the origin-terminus axis. However, symmetric inversion bias is not a universal feature of prokaryotic genome evolution but varies considerably across clades. At the extremes, inversion landscapes in Bacillus-Clostridium and Actinobacteria are dominated by symmetric inversions, while there is little or no systematic bias favouring symmetric rearrangements in archaea with a single origin of replication. Within clades, we find strong but clade-specific relationships between symmetric inversion bias and different features of adaptive genome architecture, including the distance of essential genes to the origin of replication and the preferential localization of genes on the leading strand. We suggest that heterogeneous selection pressures have converged to produce similar patterns of structural genome evolution across prokaryotes.
Continuous cooling transformation dynamic CCT curve and microstructure of 65Mn steel

Continuous cooling transformation dynamic CCT curve of 65Mn steel was measured using Gleeble-3500 thermal mechanical simulator by expansion method and metallography hardness method.Effect of colling rate on the microstructure of the steel was analysed.The results show that the austenite transformation products are ferrite and pearlite when the cooling rate is lower than 10 ℃/s.Those will be ferrite,pearlite and martensite when the cooling rate is in the range of 10-40 ℃/s and those will be totally martensite if the cooling rate is higher than 40 ℃/s.
Kinetic Studies on Crystallization and Grain Growth of Amorphous Al2O3-ZrO2 Powder

Nanocrystalline Al2O3-ZrO2 powders were prepared through controlled crystallization of amorphous phase, and kinetic studies on crystallization and grain growth were carried out. Based on Kissinger equation, the activation energies for crystallization were determined to be 981.8 kJ·mol-1 for (Zr0.94Y0.06)O1.88 and 1364.1 kJ·mol-1 for α-Al2O3. Average size of crystallite was obtained by Scherrer equation according to FWHMs in XRD peaks; the grain growth was slow below 1100°C, and turned severe at higher temperatures. The appropriate calcination temperatures was determined to be 1100°C, at which stable phases were formed and further severe grain growth can be restrained. SEM micrograph of Al2O3-ZrO2 powder after calcination at 1100°C revealed uniform distribution of spherical particles with size of about 20 nm, close to that determined by XRD results.
Structural basis for nonneutralizing antibody competition at antigenic site II of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein

Significance Respiratory syncytial virus is a highly contagious human pathogen, infecting the majority of infants before age 2 y, and is the leading cause of viral bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in infants and children. An approved prophylactic humanized mouse monoclonal antibody, palivizumab, is currently the standard-of-care treatment for immunocompromised individuals, and competition with palivizumab has been proposed as the basis for measuring effective immune responses for vaccine trials. Using a combination of X-ray crystallography, hydrogen-deuterium exchange, and saturation alanine mutagenesis scanning, we show the structural basis for neutralization by a human antibody at the palivizumab antigenic site. Furthermore, we describe nonneutralizing antibodies that directly compete with palivizumab and another human antibody 14N4. Taken together, the data presented provide unique concepts in structure-based vaccine design. Palivizumab was the first antiviral monoclonal antibody (mAb) approved for therapeutic use in humans, and remains a prophylactic treatment for infants at risk for severe disease because of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Palivizumab is an engineered humanized version of a murine mAb targeting antigenic site II of the RSV fusion (F) protein, a key target in vaccine development. There are limited reported naturally occurring human mAbs to site II; therefore, the structural basis for human antibody recognition of this major antigenic site is poorly understood. Here, we describe a nonneutralizing class of site II-specific mAbs that competed for binding with palivizumab to postfusion RSV F protein. We also describe two classes of site II-specific neutralizing mAbs, one of which escaped competition with nonneutralizing mAbs. An X-ray crystal structure of the neutralizing mAb 14N4 in complex with F protein showed that the binding angle at which human neutralizing mAbs interact with antigenic site II determines whether or not nonneutralizing antibodies compete with their binding. Fine-mapping studies determined that nonneutralizing mAbs that interfere with binding of neutralizing mAbs recognize site II with a pose that facilitates binding to an epitope containing F surface residues on a neighboring protomer. Neutralizing antibodies, like motavizumab and a new mAb designated 3J20 that escape interference by the inhibiting mAbs, avoid such contact by binding at an angle that is shifted away from the nonneutralizing site. Furthermore, binding to rationally and computationally designed site II helix–loop–helix epitope-scaffold vaccines distinguished neutralizing from nonneutralizing site II antibodies.
KL probes for robotic-based cellular nano surgery

We recently developed a very fast and reliable single-step etching process to fabricate sharp-angled micropipette and probe tips from capillary tubes and optical fibers, respectively. This novel process is less complex and yields finer tips than other available multi-steps sharp-tip (e.g., SNOM tips) fabrication processes. The process is named as Kwong-Li's (KL) Method. By means of our sacrificial boundary etching technique, in which we introduced glass tubings as etching barriers, probes with very sharp tips and long tapers were formed. Using p-xylene as organic solvent and hydrofluoric acid as etchant, we succeeded in shaping capillary tubes into micropipettes with tip angle <2.1/spl deg/ and with tip diameter of 5 /spl mu/m. Optical fibers (with initial fiber diameter of 125 /spl mu/m) were also sharpen into tiny-tips with angles ranging from <2.7-9.7/spl deg/, and with nanoscale tip diameters of <1 /spl mu/m. With their nanometric tips, the KL micropipettes and probes could potentially be used as surgical tools for microcellular surgery and possibly for scanning probe microscopy applications. We have already shown that KL probes could penetrate through cell membranes with less mechanical resistance than conventional pipettes and probes made from Turner's Method. The fabrication process of KL Method and experimental results from using KL probes to probe cells are presented in this paper.
Genome Wide Association Analysis of a Founder Population Identified TAF3 as a Gene for MCHC in Humans

The red blood cell related traits are highly heritable but their genetics are poorly defined. Only 5–10% of the total observed variance is explained by the genetic loci found to date, suggesting that additional loci should be searched using approaches alternative to large meta analysis. GWAS (Genome Wide Association Study) for red blood cell traits in a founder population cohort from Northern Italy identified a new locus for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in the TAF3 gene. The association was replicated in two cohorts (rs1887582, P = 4.25E–09). TAF3 encodes a transcription cofactor that participates in core promoter recognition complex, and is involved in zebrafish and mouse erythropoiesis. We show here that TAF3 is required for transcription of the SPTA1 gene, encoding alpha spectrin, one of the proteins that link the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations in SPTA1 are responsible for hereditary spherocytosis, a monogenic disorder of MCHC, as well as for the normal MCHC level. Based on our results, we propose that TAF3 is required for normal erythropoiesis in human and that it might have a role in controlling the ratio between hemoglobin (Hb) and cell volume and in the dynamics of RBC maturation in healthy individuals. Finally, TAF3 represents a potential candidate or a modifier gene for disorders of red cell membrane.
3D filling simulation of micro- and nanostructures in comparison to iso- and variothermal injection moulding trials

Flow simulations can cut down both costs and time for the development of injection moulded polymer parts with functional surfaces used in life science and optical applications. We simulated the polymer melt flow into 3D micro- and nanostructures with Moldflow and Comsol and compared the results to real iso- and variothermal injection moulding trials below, at and above the transition temperature of the polymer. By adjusting the heat transfer coefficient and the transition temperature in the simulation it was possible to achieve good correlation with experimental findings at different processing conditions (mould temperature, injection velocity) for two polymers, namely polymethylmethacrylate and amorphous polyamide. The macroscopic model can be scaled down in volume and number of elements to save computational time for microstructure simulation and to enable first and foremost the nanostructure simulation, as long as local boundary conditions such as flow front speed are transferred correctly. The heat transfer boundary condition used in Moldflow was further evaluated in Comsol. Results showed that the heat transfer coefficient needs to be increased compared to macroscopic moulding in order to represent interfacial polymer/mould effects correctly. The transition temperature is most important in the packing phase for variothermal injection moulding.
Stabilization of Pavement Subgrade by Using Fly Ash Activated by Cement

The performance of pavement is very responsive to the characteristics of the soil subgrade. For that reason, weak subgrade is enhanced by adopting the most efficient stabilization technique. Based on the literature review, stabilization with fly ash activated with cement was found to be an effective option for improvement of soil properties. In this regard an experimental program was undertaken to study the effect caused by the combined action of fly ash and cement stabilization on the geotechnical characteristics of expansive subgrade soils. Expansive soil treated with varying percentages of fly ash, 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 percent combined with 5% cement content were studied. Consistency limits, compaction, California Bearing Ratio, swell potential and swell pressure tests were conducted on treated and untreated soils. The experimental results show that addition of cement-fly ash admixture to the soil has great influence on its properties. It was found that the optimum dosage of fly ash is 15% mixed with 5% cement revealed in significant improvement in strength and durability and reduction in swelling and plasticity properties of the soil. Based on the results, it is recommended that cement-fly ash admixture be considered a viable option for the stabilization of expansive subgrades.