Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Access Code Access Code Non-Volatile On-Chip Memory = RE WE

Encryption is often employed to protect sensitive information stored in memory and storage. It is the most powerful countermeasure against data breach, but it has performance overhead. As a low-cost alternative to encryption, an access-control memory (ACM) has been introduced, which integrates an access-control mechanism with memory. While ACM minimizes the performance overhead of encryption, it provides similar levels of security as to encryption method. ACM reveals information only when the access codes are correct. However, if an adversary attempts to access data directly from memory cells through a physical attack without going through a standard interface, the vulnerability could occur. This paper discusses feasibility and countermeasures for physical attacks, including fault injection attack, power analysis attack, chip modification, microprobing, and imaging for ACM. Moreover, as a concrete example of ACM, we compare the security aspects of SSDs when the write buffers in the SSDs employ ACM with emerging non-volatile memories such as STTRAM, PRAM, and RRAM.
Ischemia impairs liver regeneration after major tissue loss in rodents: Protective effects of interleukin‐6

The effects of ischemia on the regenerative capacity of the liver after major tissue loss remain unclear. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) has been shown to confer protection in models of normothermic ischemia and reperfusion injury and to initiate hepatocyte proliferation after major hepatectomy. Therefore, we investigated the effects of ischemia on the regenerative capacity of the liver and evaluated the role of IL‐6 in reducing reperfusion injury and enhancing hepatic proliferation in models combining ischemia and major hepatectomy. Rats subjected to 70% hepatectomy and 30 minutes of hepatic ischemia showed significantly reduced regenerative capacity (mitotic index, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and regenerated liver weight) when compared with animals subjected to hepatectomy alone. Pretreatment of animals subjected to hepatectomy and ischemia with recombinant interleukin‐6 (rIL‐6) completely restored each parameter of regeneration to levels comparable with those of animals subjected to hepatectomy only. Similar results were obtained in IL‐6 deficient (IL‐6−/−) mice. IL‐6−/− mice exposed to ischemia and hepatectomy showed impaired hepatic regeneration when compared with wild‐type mice subjected to the same experimental conditions. The use of rIL‐6 completely corrected each parameter of regeneration showing the specificity of IL‐6 in this type of injury. The impact of IL‐6 on animal survival was studied in a model combining 45 minutes of ischemia and 68% hepatectomy. Five of 7 (71%) animals pretreated with rIL‐6 survived permanently, whereas all control animals died within 3 days of surgery (P = .02, Fisher's exact test). In conclusion, the study shows that ischemia dramatically impairs the regenerative capacity of the liver. IL‐6 appears to be a key protective molecule in reducing injury and promoting regeneration following combined ischemia and major tissue loss.
Spatial and nonspatial peripheral auditory processing in congenitally blind people

Congenitally blind adults' performance in spatial and nonspatial peripheral auditory attention tasks was compared with that of sighted adults in a paradigm manipulating location-based and frequency-based inhibition of return concurrently. Blind study participants responded faster in spatial attention tasks (detection/localization) and slower in the nonspatial frequency discrimination task than sighted participants. Both groups, however, showed the same patterns of interaction between location-based and frequency-based inhibition of return. These results suggest that early vision deprivation enhances the function of the posterior-dorsal auditory ‘where’ pathway but impairs the function of the anterior-ventral ‘what’ pathway during peripheral auditory attention. The altered processing speed in the blind, however, is not accompanied by alteration in attentional orienting mechanisms that may be localized to higher cortices.
Freedom and Imperative

This article explores mutual caregiving between older spouses aging with physical disabilities. Nine older couples, where both partners had lived long lives with physical disabilities, were interviewed as dyads about mutual caregiving. The couples not only had access to different kinds and degrees of formal support but also provided mutual care to each other in a variety of ways. Interview coding using grounded theory led to two overarching categories from which motivation for mutual caregiving could be understood. These categories were Mutual care as freedom and Mutual care as imperative. The results extend understanding about how older couples with disabilities attached meaning to their mutual caregiving, and why mutual care was sometimes preferable, despite the availability of other sources of help and despite practical difficulties of providing this help. These findings suggest that health care professionals need to be sensitive to the dynamics of the couple relationship and carefully explore the couple’s preferences for how formal support can best be provided in ways that honor and sustain the integrity of the couple relationship.
Implementasi Manajemen Bank Sampah IT Pada Komunitas Bank Sampah Berbasis Masyarakat, Pemuda, dan Sekolah di Kabupaten Pasuruan

Waste is still a problem in Indonesia. Because of waste, especially organic waste, contributes greatly toclimate change due to greenhouse gases. In the management of waste that is generally open damping, particularly inPasuruan, until now is still a problem that has not been unsolved. Therefore, the author will be presented in thestudy of implementation of integrated waste management based on IT and obstacles faced during the mentoringprocess. This mentoring activity was carried out at four Waste Banks based on community, schools, and youth inPasuruan Regency with Community-Based Research (CBR) approach. The results showed that the various activitiesof Waste Bank application management mentoring based on IT gained widespread acceptance and appreciation fromthe Manager of Waste Bank in Pasuruan Regency. However, in the process of transition from Waste Bankmanagement from manual-based until there was a change by utilizing IT required a process, time as well as thewillingness of Waste Bank Manager, so that these applications could be fully utilized. In addition, the differenttypes of community and management differences developed in Waste Bank also affected in the utilization of thisWaste Bank Application to be applied continuously in their community.
Turbulence synthesis for shape‐controllable smoke animation

We present a novel procedural synthesis method to improve small‐scale turbulence details for controllable smoke animation constrained by shapes and paths. In order to enhance fluid details without introducing unpleasing fluid control effects, we propose a spatial–temporal varying synthesis parameter to control turbulence behaviors and compute it from control force and the vorticity velocity. Our approach can control enhanced turbulence behaviors efficiently and produces visually plausible realistic fine‐scale details while reducing artifacts of large‐scale noises on fluid control. We compare our algorithm to existing procedural synthesis ones to validate its efficiency and controllability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic polyp detection in endoscopy videos: A survey

Early detection of polyps play an essential role for the prevention of colorectal cancer. Manual clinical inspection have many limitations and could result to either false or missed polyps. Computer aided diagnosis system has been used to help the medical expert and to provide more accurate diagnosis. Since their introduction, many types of algorithms have been proposed in the literature using different types of features and classifiers. This paper provides a state-of-the-art for the automatic detection of polyps using endoscopic videos. Given the increasing evolution of medical imaging technologies and algorithms, it is important to have a recent review in order to know the current state of the art, and the opportunities for improving existing algorithms, or developing innovative ones. The paper divides the work done on this research area according to the type of features and classification methods implemented. The features have been divided into shape, texture or fusion features. Future directions and challenges for more accurate polyp detection in endoscopy videos are also discussed.
Regulation of expression of ribosomal protein L‐21 genes of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar is at the post‐transcriptional level

Two genes, EhgLE3 and Ehg34, encoding the ribosomal protein L21 (rp‐L21) were identified and characterized from Entamoeba histolytica. Their coding regions are highly conserved, but their flanking regions differ significantly. Analogous genes (EdgLE3 and Edg34) were characterized in E. dispar. The two rp‐L21 copies are transcribed at similar levels in the two parasites. However, their relative binding to the polyribosomal complex during active translation is different. In E. histolytica, binding of EhgLE3 transcripts to the polyribosomes is significantly higher in comparison with that of Ehg34 transcripts, whereas in E. disparthe binding pattern is inverse. The importance of each of the rp‐L21 flanking regions to gene translation was investigated by constructing hybrid plasmids containing the CAT reporter gene flanked by rp‐L21 flanking regions. The plasmids were stably transfected into E. histolytica and E. dispar, and CAT mRNA and enzymatic activity levels were determined. All plasmids promoted transcription of CAT. Yet, in E. histolytica, high levels of CAT activity were observed only when gLE3 upstream regions flanked CAT. In contrast, in E. dispar, high levels of CAT activity were observed when g34 upstream regions flanked CAT. The downstream regions showed no significant effect on CAT translation.
Digital Tulips? Returns to Investors in Initial Coin Offerings

Initial coin offerings (ICOs), sales of cryptocurrency tokens to the general public, have recently been used as a source of crowdfunding for startups in the technology and blockchain industries. We create a dataset on 4,003 executed and planned ICOs, which raised a total of $12 billion in capital, nearly all since January 2017. We find evidence of significant ICO underpricing, with average returns of 179% from the ICO price to the first day’s opening market price, over a holding period that averages just 16 days. Even after imputing returns of -100% to ICOs that don’t list their tokens within 60 days and adjusting for the returns of the asset class, the representative ICO investor earns 82%. After trading begins, tokens continue to appreciate in price, generating average buy-and-hold abnormal returns of 48% in the first 30 trading days. We also study the determinants of ICO underpricing and relate cryptocurrency prices to Twitter followers and activity. While our results could be an indication of bubbles, they are also consistent with high compensation for risk for investing in unproven pre-revenue platforms through unregulated offerings.
The effect of insulin feedback on closed loop glucose control.

CONTEXT Initial studies of closed-loop proportional integral derivative control in individuals with type 1 diabetes showed good overnight performance, but with breakfast meal being the hardest to control and requiring supplemental carbohydrate to prevent hypoglycemia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the ability of insulin feedback to improve the breakfast-meal profile. DESIGN AND SETTING We performed a single center study with closed-loop control over approximately 30 h at an inpatient clinical research facility. PATIENTS Eight adult subjects with previously diagnosed type 1 diabetes participated. INTERVENTION Subjects received closed-loop insulin delivery with supplemental carbohydrate as needed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcome measures were plasma insulin concentration, model-predicted plasma insulin concentration, 2-h postprandial and 3- to 4-h glucose rate-of-change following breakfast after 1 d of closed-loop control, and the need for supplemental carbohydrate in response to nadir hypoglycemia. RESULTS Plasma insulin levels during closed loop were well correlated with model predictions (R = 0.86). Fasting glucose after 1 d of closed loop was not different from nighttime target (118 ± 9 vs. 110 mg/dl; P = 0.38). Two-hour postbreakfast glucose was 132 ± 16 mg/dl with stable values 3-4 h after the meal (0.03792 ± 0.0884 mg/dl · min, not different from 0; P = 0.68) and at target (97 ± 6 mg/dl, not different from 90; P = 0.28). Three subjects required supplemental carbohydrates after breakfast on d 2 of closed loop. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Insulin feedback can be implemented using a model estimate of concentration. Proportional integral derivative control with insulin feedback can achieve a desired breakfast response but still requires supplemental carbohydrate to be delivered in some instances. Studies assessing more optimal control configurations and safeguards need to be conducted.
Trauma Group Therapy: The Role of Attachment and Therapeutic Alliance

Abstract Attachment has increasingly been identified as central to therapy process and outcome. Attachment theory proposes that an individual’s prior interactions with attachment figures develop into templates that will guide the way they form connections and perceive their relationships with others. This study examined clients’ ratings of their relationship with the therapist as well as their ratings of group climate at multiple discrete points during treatment. These variables were examined in relation to attachment classification prior to therapy. Participants were 62 women attending the Women Recovering from Abuse Program (WRAP), a primarily group-based day-treatment program for childhood interpersonal trauma, at Women’s College Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Results demonstrated that clients’ perceptions of relationships in group therapy varied as a function of attachment classification.
Forecasting influenza-like illness dynamics for military populations using neural networks and social media

This work is the first to take advantage of recurrent neural networks to predict influenza-like illness (ILI) dynamics from various linguistic signals extracted from social media data. Unlike other approaches that rely on timeseries analysis of historical ILI data and the state-of-the-art machine learning models, we build and evaluate the predictive power of neural network architectures based on Long Short Term Memory (LSTMs) units capable of nowcasting (predicting in “real-time”) and forecasting (predicting the future) ILI dynamics in the 2011 – 2014 influenza seasons. To build our models we integrate information people post in social media e.g., topics, embeddings, word ngrams, stylistic patterns, and communication behavior using hashtags and mentions. We then quantitatively evaluate the predictive power of different social media signals and contrast the performance of the-state-of-the-art regression models with neural networks using a diverse set of evaluation metrics. Finally, we combine ILI and social media signals to build a joint neural network model for ILI dynamics prediction. Unlike the majority of the existing work, we specifically focus on developing models for local rather than national ILI surveillance, specifically for military rather than general populations in 26 U.S. and six international locations. , and analyze how model performance depends on the amount of social media data available per location. Our approach demonstrates several advantages: (a) Neural network architectures that rely on LSTM units trained on social media data yield the best performance compared to previously used regression models. (b) Previously under-explored language and communication behavior features are more predictive of ILI dynamics than stylistic and topic signals expressed in social media. (c) Neural network models learned exclusively from social media signals yield comparable or better performance to the models learned from ILI historical data, thus, signals from social media can be potentially used to accurately forecast ILI dynamics for the regions where ILI historical data is not available. (d) Neural network models learned from combined ILI and social media signals significantly outperform models that rely solely on ILI historical data, which adds to a great potential of alternative public sources for ILI dynamics prediction. (e) Location-specific models outperform previously used location-independent models e.g., U.S. only. (f) Prediction results significantly vary across geolocations depending on the amount of social media data available and ILI activity patterns. (g) Model performance improves with more tweets available per geo-location e.g., the error gets lower and the Pearson score gets higher for locations with more tweets.
Off-Axis Gaussian Beam Scattering by an Anisotropic Coated Sphere

An analytical solution to the scattering of an off-axis Gaussian beam incident on an anisotropic coated sphere is proposed. Based on the local approximation of the off-axis beam shape coefficients, the field of the incident Gaussian beam is expanded using first spherical vector wave functions. By introducing the Fourier transform, the electromagnetic fields in the anisotropic layer are expressed as the addition of the first and the second spherical vector wave functions. The expansion coefficients are analytically derived by applying the continuous tangential boundary conditions to each interface among the internal isotropic dielectric or conducting sphere, the anisotropic shell, and the free space. The influence of the beam widths, the beam waist center positioning, and the size parameters of the spherical structure on the field distributions are analyzed. The applications of this theoretical development in the fields of biomedicine, target shielding, and anti-radar coating are numerically discussed. The accuracy of the theory is verified by comparing the numerical results reduced to the special cases of a plane wave incidence and the case of a homogeneous anisotropic sphere with results from a CST simulation and references.
Inflecting Verbs with Word Embeddings: A Systematic Investigation of Morphological Information Captured by German Verb Embeddings

This study presents a generation task and classification task to systematically evaluate the information on morphological inflections for verbs captured in word embeddings for the morphologically rich German language. We create morphological representations by subtracting a base form representation from word embeddings in order to assess whether the embeddings captures inflectional information. Results confirm embeddings contain inflectional information which can successfully be leveraged for the inflection of verb forms in half of the cases. Furthermore, this information can also successfully be used for classification of inflectional categories of inflected verbs. Morphology representations of similar categories show to be clustered together in the solution space but can also be divided in sub-clusters. We highlight that average performance gives a misleading view of individual performance as results show several categories gain a significantly lower performance than the average. Moreover, results show there is a significant correlation between performance and word frequency.
Rural urbanization, land, and agriculture in Pakistan

ABSTRACT Rural urbanization is taking place rapidly in most areas of Pakistani Punjab. Although agriculture remains the backbone of Pakistan’s economy, many rural people have abandoned agriculture to adopt different occupations as a consequence of rural urbanization. This paper discusses the changing use of, and attitude toward, land in the rural areas of Pakistani Punjab in the context of rural urbanization. It offers a case study from Southern Punjab as an evidence of the effects of rural urbanization on rural social organization with regard to land and agriculture.
Analysis of Microgrid protection strategies

Microgids have been proposed to improve reliability and stability of electrical system and to ensure power quality of modern grid. In this paper, different protection strategies are investigated for adaptive safety protection. It is essential to protect a Microgrid in both the grid-connected and the islanded mode of operation against all different types of faults. This paper describes Microgrid protection and safety concept with central control and monitoring unit where multifunctional intelligent digital relay could be used. This central control & monitoring infrastructure is used for adaptive relay settings strategy for Microgrid protection. Also FPGA based decision making is proposed for Microgrid protection to shortening response time and ensure adaptive protection.
Surface area of early visual cortex predicts individual speed of traveling waves during binocular rivalry.

Binocular rivalry ensues when different images are presented to the 2 eyes with conscious perception alternating between the possible interpretations. For large rivalry displays, perceptual transitions are initiated at one location and spread to other parts of the visual field, a phenomenon termed "traveling wave. " Previous studies investigated the underlying neural mechanisms of the traveling wave and surmised that primary visual cortex might play an important role. We used magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral measures in humans to explore how interindividual differences in observers' subjective experience of the wave are related to anatomical characteristics of cortical regions. We measured wave speed in participants and confirmed the long-term stability of the individual values. Retinotopic mapping was employed to delineate borders of visual areas V1-V3 in order to determine surface area and cortical thickness in those regions. Only the surface areas of V1 and V2, but not V3 showed a correlation with wave speed. For individuals with larger V1/V2 area, the traveling wave needed longer to spread across the same distance in visual space. Our results highlight the role of early visual areas in mediating binocular rivalry and suggest possible mechanisms for the correlation between surface area and the traveling waves.
Digestibility and ruminal digestion kinetics of corn silage

The in situ dry matter (DM) disappearance of corn silages in two maturity stages (milk grain and half milk line) of known in vivo and in vitro digestibility was determined, with the main purpose of comparing digestibility values with the ruminal disappearance at 24 and 48h of incubation. A secondary goal was the description of their ruminal digestion kinetics, from which the effective degradability was calculated at an assumed passage rate of 4%/h. Data of in vivo, in vitro and in situ degradability at 24 and 48-h were analyzed with a linear model that included as fixed effects the maturity and the methodology of evaluation, and the kinetic data were described by the exponential model of McDonald. There was a significant effect (P<0.05) of methodology in the estimation of digestibility, but not of maturity or interaction maturity × methodology. The in vivo digestibility (52.9%) was not different from the 24-h in situ degradability (55.6%) with numerical values in the range of the effective degradability. The in vitro digestibility (61.6%) was not different from the 48-h in situ degradability (61.9%), being both estimates higher than the in vivo digestibility. The 24-h in situ degradability was a closer estimator of the in vivo digestibility and the 48-h in situ degradability and the in vitro digestibility overestimated the in vivo parameter by 15-20%.