Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COCRYSTAL FORMATION BETWEEN DIDANOSINE AND TWO AROMATIC ACIDS

Objective: Cocrystal is becoming attractive as solid form to be developed in the pharmaceutical industry. The formation of intermolecular bonds between active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and coformer can change the physicochemical properties of an API without altering its pharmacological activity. Methods: In this research, cocrystals formation between an anti-HIV drug didanosine (DDI) and two aromatic acids (benzoic acid and salicylic acid) coformer in equimolar ratio have been prepared by solvent-drop grinding with methanol and acetonitrile as solvents. Cocrystal formation of didanosine-benzoic acid (DDI-BA) and didanosine-salicylic acid (DDI-SAA) was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and polarized microscopy methods. Results: The PXRD patterns of DDI-BA and DDI-SAA after solvent-drop grinding are different from pure components. As the solvent drop grinding proceed, the characteristic peaks of DDI in 6.1° and 10.7° 2θ disappeared, while new peaks appear at 5.0° and 10.1° 2θ in DDI-BA cocrystal and 4.7° and 10.0° 2θ in DDI-SAA cocrystal. In addition, physical characterization showed that DDI-BA and DDI-SAA cocrystals after solvent-drop grinding have unique thermal, spectroscopic, and microscopic. Conclusion: The characterization results indicate that didanosine form cocrystals with benzoic acid and salicylic acid by solvent-drop grinding method with methanol and acetonitrile as solvents.
The effect of sintering conditions on linear shrinkage in porcelainized stoneware tiles as studied in a two-level full factorial experimental design

Linear firing shrinkage, together with water absorption, apparent density and the modulus of rupture, is commonly used as a process control parameter in industrial ceramics. In this paper its optimization is studied with a two-level full factorial experimental design approach. In particular, the influence of forming pressure, sintering temperature and time have been inves-tigated. It has been verified that a Design of Experiment (DOE) approach is a suitable tool to identify the significant factors that control the densification process of porcelainized stoneware tiles. Moreover a mathematical model has been proposed and tested with good results. The results evidenced thatthe variable with the higher influence is the sintering temperature followed by forming pressure while time has influence only in sinergy with temperature.
Association of Host and Microbial Species Diversity across Spatial Scales in Desert Rodent Communities

Relationships between host and microbial diversity have important ecological and applied implications. Theory predicts that these relationships will depend on the spatio-temporal scale of the analysis and the niche breadth of the organisms in question, but representative data on host-microbial community assemblage in nature is lacking. We employed a natural gradient of rodent species richness and quantified bacterial communities in rodent blood at several hierarchical spatial scales to test the hypothesis that associations between host and microbial species diversity will be positive in communities dominated by organisms with broad niches sampled at large scales. Following pyrosequencing of rodent blood samples, bacterial communities were found to be comprised primarily of broad niche lineages. These communities exhibited positive correlations between host diversity, microbial diversity and the likelihood for rare pathogens at the regional scale but not at finer scales. These findings demonstrate how microbial diversity is affected by host diversity at different spatial scales and suggest that the relationships between host diversity and overall disease risk are not always negative, as the dilution hypothesis predicts.
Preparation of Al_2O_3/SiO_2 multiphase insulation coating on electric-heating porous SiC ceramics

The stable and transparent Al2O3 Sol was prepared by the method of decentralization, taking aluminium isopropoxide as the predecessor, water as the solvent and nitric acid as peptizator, set the porous ceramic in the Al2O3 sol repeatedly soaks, make its surface form the dense polycrystal ceramic coating of Al2O3 and the SiO2 after the heat treatment craft. By the EDS analysis the content of Al2O3 can reach to 54%,the content of SiO2 can reach to 46%, the electric resistance also remarkable increase before the coating, we conclude that after coating the ceramics body surface by the method of sol gelatin, the heat treatment is a practical way to insulating ceramics.
Classifying trending topics: a typology of conversation triggers on Twitter

Twitter summarizes the great deal of messages posted by users in the form of trending topics that reflect the top conversations being discussed at a given moment. These trending topics tend to be connected to current affairs. Different happenings can give rise to the emergence of these trending topics. For instance, a sports event broadcasted on TV, or a viral meme introduced by a community of users. Detecting the type of origin can facilitate information filtering, enhance real-time data processing, and improve user experience. In this paper, we introduce a typology to categorize the triggers that leverage trending topics: news, current events, memes, and commemoratives. We define a set of straightforward language-independent features that rely on the social spread of the trends to discriminate among those types of trending topics. Our method provides an efficient way to immediately and accurately categorize trending topics without need of external data, outperforming a content-based approach.
A METHOD FOR FINDING GOOD VALUES OF ADAPTATION GAINS

Choosing the adaptation gains for a model reference adaptive controller is a complex matter. Low values of the adaptation gains may result in very slow adaptation, while high adaptation gains may lead to instability in the adaptation process. Good values of them depend on many factors in this type of non-linear system; the input amplitude and frequency, the process performance specification and the form of the controller, being the most important. This paper describes the search for good values of the adaptation gains using the MIT Rule based adaptive controller as an example. The simulations are performed using LABVIEW. The method developed is demonstrated in the realtime, speed control of a DC motor.
DEPLOYMENT OF AN INTRAVASCULAR STENT IN CORONARY STENOTIC ARTERIES: A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY

INTRODUCTION Intravascular stents are small tube-like structures placed into stenotic arteries to restore blood flow perfusion to the downstream tissues [1]. If compared to angioplasty, stent higher efficiency is supported by randomized trials and clinical studies. Nevertheless, problems and difficulties remain, such as migrations, collapses, cloth formation, positioning difficulties (flexibility, trackability, etc.) and re-stenosis. The stent expansion includes large displacements and deformations, geometric and material non-linearity, which are difficult to properly simulate. The purpose of this work is to study by means of the finite element method the effects of the expansion of a metallic stent on a stenotic coronary artery in terms of stresses and contact pressures.
Bioconjugation of SERS nanotags and increasing the reproducibility of results

Abstract Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a vibrational spectroscopy technique, which is used in the areas of medical diagnostics. This technique use the advantages of biofunctionalized nanoparticles (NPs) for imaging and quantifying of target molecules such as proteins in assays, cells and tissues. The lack of reliability and reproducibility of the results are major challenges in the application of diagnostics based of SERS substrates. The biofunction and success of nanomedical tasks depends on the quality of each involved element like antibodies (IgGs) and nanostructures before, during and after preparation or conjunction with nanoparticles. This short review summarizes current designs of different SERS substrates and highlights the improvement of particularly simple and gentle conjugation methods for targeting research with SERS labels.
The effects of multimodal rehabilitation on pain-related sickness absence – an observational study

Abstract Purpose: The aim of the current study was to examine the effects on sickness absence of multimodal rehabilitation delivered within the framework of a national implementation of evidence based rehabilitation, the rehabilitation guarantee for nonspecific musculoskeletal pain. Method: This was an observational matched controlled study of all persons receiving multimodal rehabilitation from the last quarter of 2009 until the end of 2010. The matching was based on age, sex, sickness absence the quarter before intervention start and pain-related diagnosis. The participants were followed by register data for 6 or 12 months. The matched controls received rehabilitation in accordance with treatment-as-usual. Results: Of the participants, 54% (N = 3636) were on registered sickness absence at baseline and the quarter before rehabilitation. The average difference in number of days of sickness absence between the participants who received multimodal rehabilitation and the matched controls was to the advantage of the matched controls, 14.7 days (CI 11.7; 17.7, p ≤ 0.001) at 6-month follow-up and 9.5 days (CI 6.7; 12.3, p ≤ 0.001) at 12-month follow-up. A significant difference in newly granted disability pensions was found in favor of the intervention. Conclusions: When implemented nationwide, multimodal rehabilitation appears not to reduce sickness absence compared to treatment-as-usual. Implications for Rehabilitation A nationwide implementation of multimodal rehabilitation was not effective in reducing sickness absence compared to treatment-as-usual for persons with nonspecific musculoskeletal pain. Multimodal rehabilitation was effective in reducing the risk of future disability pension for persons with nonspecific musculoskeletal pain compared to treatment-as-usual. To be effective in reducing sick leave multimodal rehabilitation must be started within 60 days of sick leave. The evidence for positive effect of multimodal rehabilitation is mainly for sick listed patients. Prevention of sick leave for persons not being on sick leave should not be extrapolated from evidence for multimodal rehabilitation.
Experimental Study on the Specific Heat of Nanofluids

Several low concentration nanofluids were prepared,in which the nano-sized CuO,Cu,Al_2O_3,Al as the dispersed particles and the distilled water(DW),propylene glycol(PG) as the base fluids,respectively.The specific heat has been measured by the comparison calorimetric apparatus self-designed.The results show that the specific heat of nanofluids is less than that of base fluids,and increases with temperature,but decreases with the particle dimension and volume fraction.The values based on additive law are less than test values,so the additive law is unable to predict the specific heat of nanofluids.
Intra-articular Clearance of Silk Microparticles and Macromolecules in Healthy and Arthritic Rat Knee Joints

The Intra-Articular Clearance of Silk Microparticles and Macromolecules in Healthy and Arthritic Rat Knee Joints by Timothy Kariithi Mwangi Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Lori A. Setton, Supervisor ___________________________ Samuel B. Admas, Jr. ___________________________ Jun Chen, PhD ___________________________ Farshid Guilak ___________________________ Fan Yuan An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Biomedical Engineering in the Graduate School of Duke University 2015 Copyright by Timothy Kariithi Mwangi 2015
High temperature mechanical behavior of AI/SiC nanoscale multilayers

Nanoscale Al/SiC composite laminates are metal-ceramic multilayers with unique mechanical properties at ambient temperature, such as high strength, high toughness, and damage tolerance, due to the nm scale thickness of their layers. Nevertheless, nothing is known about their high temperature mechanical properties and this is a key issue both from the fundamental viewpoint as well as from the in-service behavior. This lack of information is mainly due to the difficulties associated with the characterization of the mechanical behavior of thin-films at high temperature, a rather unexplored area. High temperature instrumented nanoindentation and micropillar compression were carried out in this thesis to study the mechanical properties of Al/SiC nanolaminates as a function of layer thickness from room temperature up to 300oC. Mechanical tests were complemented with detailed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the deformed structures to elucidate the effect of temperature on the deformation mechanisms at the nm scale. In addition, finite element simulations of the multilayer deformation were used to clarify the influence of the Al flow stress and of the interface properties (strength, friction coefficient) on the overall stress-strain response of Al/SiC multilayers. The combination of nanoindentation, micropillar compression tests, TEM observations and numerical simulations provided a better understanding of the key parameters influencing the high temperature mechanical behavior of Al/SiC nanoscale multilayers. It was found that the mechanical behavior at ambient temperature was controlled by the high strength of the Al nanograins and the constraint induced by the stiff SiC nanolayers on the Al plastic flow. Changes in the Al-SiC interface behavior, in the form of interface sliding, limited the constraint on plastic flow at 100oC. This phenomenon, together with the softening of the Al nanolayers, resulted in a marked reduction in the flow stress and in the strain hardening capacity of the nanoscale multilayers. The role of the Al-SiC interfaces in plastic flow was also apparent in the creep activation energies, which showed a marked decrease with the reduction in Al layer thicknesses, reaching values close to the activation energy for grain boundary diffusion in Al for layer thicknesses of 10 nm. Finally, above 200oC, chemical reactions between Al and SiC promoted a large degradation in the mechanical properties of the nanoscale multilayers. ----------------------
New limit on the permanent electric dipole moment of 199Hg.

We present the first results of a new search for a permanent electric dipole moment of the 199Hg atom using a UV laser. Our measurements give d(199Hg) = -(1.06+/-0.49+/-0.40)x10(-28)e cm. We interpret the result as an upper limit absolute value [d(199Hg)]<2.1x10(-28)e cm (95% C.L.), which sets new constraints on theta bar;(QCD), chromo-EDMs of the quarks, and CP violation in supersymmetric models.
Effect of Low-Pass Filtering on Isometric Midthigh Pull Kinetics

Abstract Dos'Santos, T, Lake, J, Jones, PA, and Comfort, P. Effect of low-pass filtering on isometric midthigh pull kinetics. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 983–989, 2018—The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of low-pass filtering on isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) kinetics, including body weight (BW), onset threshold force, time-specific force values (50, 100, 150, and 200 ms), and peak force (PF). Forty IMTP trials from 24 collegiate athletes (age: 21.2 ± 1.8 years, height: 1.72 ± 0.09 m, mass: 79.4 ± 8.2 kg) were analyzed and compared using unfiltered (UF) and low-pass filtered (LPF) (fourth-order Butterworth) with cutoff frequencies of 10 (LPF10) and 100 (LPF100) Hz. Significantly lower (p < 0.001, g = −0.43 to −0.99) onset threshold forces were produced when force data were LPF. This led to significant (p < 0.001, g = 0.05–0.21) underestimations of time-specific force values when LPF10 compared with UF, displaying unacceptable percentage differences (1.2–3.3%) and unacceptable limits of agreement (LOA) (−25.4 to 100.3 N). Although significantly different (p ⩽ 0.049), trivial (g ⩽ 0.04) and acceptable percentage differences (⩽0.8%) and acceptable LOA (−28.0 to 46.2 N) in time-specific force values were observed between UF and LPF100. Statistically significant (p < 0.001), yet trivial (g ⩽ 0.03), and acceptable percentage differences (⩽0.7%) and acceptable LOA (−4.7 to 33.9 N) were demonstrated in PF between filtering conditions. No significant differences (p = 1.000) and identical BW values were observed between filtering conditions. Low-pass filtering results in underestimations in IMTP kinetics; however, these differences are acceptable between LPF100 and UF but unacceptable between LPF10 and UF (excluding PF). Filtering procedures should be standardized when longitudinally monitoring changes in IMTP force-time characteristics to allow valid comparisons, with analysis of UF data recommended.
A conceptual framework for predicting and addressing the consequences of disease‐related microvascular dysfunction

A growing body of evidence indicates that impaired microvascular perfusion plays a pathological role in a number of diseases. This manuscript aims to better define which aspects of microvascular perfusion are important, what mass transport processes (eg, insulin action, tissue oxygenation) may be impacted, and what therapies might reverse these pathologies.
Characterization of Machining Distortion by Strain Energy Density and Stress Range

There are a number of ways to characterize the tendency of a product to distort after machining. Two of the more popular are strain energy density and stress range. This paper looks at the relationship between these two parameters and their relationship to machining distortion. It will be shown that machining distortion is linearly related to both the square root of strain energy density and the stress range. It will also be shown that both parameters are insensitive to the excised part size, excise location, and underlying distribution of stress. This limits their use in product specifications.
Too Little, Too Late

Economic inequality looming large, wealth tax is often applauded as a means to mitigate inequality and to break up large concentrations of wealth. This article argues that the advent of a wealth tax should nevertheless be met with scepticism and questions the suitability of a wealth tax to mitigate inequality. It is argued that a wealth tax does not offer a sustainable contribution to the pressing problem of inequality, because: (1) it fails to address the root causes of inequality, which are institutional, and (2) it leaves intact the conditions in the income tax that incite inequality. Instead, it is advisable to put a first break on wealth formation by implementing a comprehensive income tax before resorting to ultima remedia such as a wealth tax.
Effect of acute ingestion of β-hydroxybutyrate salts on the response to graded exercise in trained cyclists

Abstract Acute ingestion of ketone salts induces nutritional ketosis by elevating β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), but few studies have examined the metabolic effects of ingestion prior to exercise. Nineteen trained cyclists (12 male, 7 female) undertook graded exercise (8 min each at ∼30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% VO2peak) on a cycle ergometer on two occasions separated by either 7 or 14 days. Trials included ingestion of boluses of either (i) plain water (3.8 mL kg body mass−1) (CON) or (ii) βHB salts (0.38 g kg body mass−1) in plain water (3.8 mL kg body mass−1) (KET), at both 60 min and 15 min prior to exercise. During KET, plasma [βHB] increased to 0.33 ± 0.16 mM prior to exercise and 0.44 ± 0.15 mM at the end of exercise (both p < .05). Plasma glucose was 0.44 ± 0.27 mM lower (p < .01) 30 min after ingestion of KET and remained ∼0.2 mM lower throughout exercise compared to CON (p < .001). Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was higher during KET compared to CON (p < .001) and 0.03–0.04 higher from 30%VO2peak to 60%VO2peak (all p < .05). No differences in plasma lactate, rate of perceived exertion, or gross or delta efficiency were observed between trials. Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in 13 out of 19 participants during KET. Acute ingestion of βHB salts induces nutritional ketosis and alters the metabolic response to exercise in trained cyclists. Elevated RER during KET may be indicative of increased ketone body oxidation during exercise, but at the plasma βHB concentrations achieved, ingestion of βHB salts does not affect lactate appearance, perceived exertion, or muscular efficiency.
Prognostic significance of tPA/PAI-1 complex in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction

Summary Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents a major epidemic, clinical and public health problem with rising patient numbers every year. Traditional markers for heart failure have been shown to be of limited sensitivity in patients with HFpEF, as those do not reflect pathophysiology of the disease properly. Dysregulation of haemostasis is thought to be central for the initiation and progression of HFpEF. For this reason, we aimed to assess markers of fibrinolytic activity as potential biomarkers for risk assessment in patients with HFpEF. We evaluated blood coagulation parameters in 370 patients with HFpEF included in the LUdwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. Within an observation period of 9.7 years, 40 percent of these patients died from any cause. tPA/PAI-1 complex significantly predicted all-cause mortality with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.24 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.47) per increase of 1 SD and cardiovascular mortality with a HR 1.26 (95 % CI 1.02–1.56) per increase of 1 SD. Both associations remained significant after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and frequent HFpEF- related comorbidities. Importantly, tPA/PAI-1 complex had additional prognostic value above and beyond NT-proBNP as indicated by integrated discrimination improvement (0.0157, p=0.017). In conclusion, the concentration of tPA/ PAI-1 complex is an independent predictor of mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular causes in patients with HFpEF. The concomitant measurement of tPA/PAI-1 complex might be useful in clinical practice to add prognostic value to traditional markers of heart failure.
Fast disparity estimation algorithm for mesh-based stereo image/video compression with two-stage hybrid approach

Disparity estimation is a very important operation in stereo image and video compression. However, existing disparity estimation algorithms require too large computation power. In this paper, we propose a fast disparity estimation algorithm for mesh-based stereo image and video compression with two-stage hybrid approach, which is names as Two Stage Iterative Block and Octagonal Matching algorithm (TS-IBOM). The first stage of this algorithm is Iterative Block Matching algorithm, which can give a good initial guess of the disparity vectors with a little computation. In the second stage, Iterative Octagonal Matching algorithm is employed to refine the disparity vectors. A local updating scheme is also proposed to further accelerate the process by skipping nodes whose disparity vectors have been derived already. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can give good results and is 18 times faster than Octagonal Matching. This algorithm is suitable to be employed in mesh-based stereo image and video compression systems.