Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Negative Random Shocks Affect Trust and Trustworthiness?

We report data from a variation of the trust game aimed at determining whether (and how) inequality and random shocks that affect wealth influence the levels of trust and trustworthiness. To tease apart the effect of the shock and the inequality, we compare behavior in a trust game where the inequality is initially given and one where it is the result of a random shock that reduces the second mover's endowment. We find that first‐movers send less to second‐movers but only when the inequality results from a random shock. As for the amount returned, second‐movers return less when they are endowed less than first‐movers, regardless of whether the difference in endowments was initially given or occurred after a random shock.
Post-Conflict Segregation, Violence, and Reconstruction Policy in Ambon

Amidst concerns that Indonesia will be divided due to violent conflicts in some provinces following the fall of New Order regime, a few peace agreements have successfully been reached and halted violence that had claimed thousands of lives and properties. One of the agreements was Malino II Peace Agreement that was viewed as the milestone of the termination of prolonged conflicts in Maluku Province. However, smaller and sporadic violence continues to occur in Maluku, especially in Ambon City. Peace researchers and activists have identified that one of the problems faced by Ambon City is post- conflict segregation. There has, however, yet to be a study focused on the relationship between post- conflict segregation, emerging violence and post-conflict developmental policies. Therefore, the study is designed to fill in the gap in such information. The study is conducted as part of the National Violence Monitoring System (NVMS), a cooperation between The Habibie Center and Deputy I Office for Environmental and Social Vulnerability Coordination of Coordinating Ministry for People's Welfare, and supported by The World Bank. The program is funded by a grant from The Korea Economic Transitions and Peace Building Trust Fund. The researcher team would like to extend gratitude to all parties who have provided significant support for the study. Among them are Sana Jaffrey, Wahyu Handoyo, Adrian Morrel of The World Bank who have provided major inputs from the development of the initial concept of the research through the final report development; Mr Willem Rampangilei, Mr Nelwan Harahap, and Ms Zuraini from Deputy I Office of the Coordinating Ministry for People's Welfare who have contributed inputs to the development of the research concept and provided assistance during the field research in Ambon City; Prof. Kamanto Sunarto (FISIP-UI) and Dr. Thung Ju Lan (LIPI) who have made critical notes on the first draft of the research concept; Najib Azca (PSKP-UGM) and Jacky Manuputty (peace activists in Ambon) who have brought significant inputs into the improvement of the drafted initial report of the study. The research team would like to thank Institut Tifa Damai Maluku, especially Hilda, Loury, and Jamal for their warm cooperation during the research; to all informants/ respondents who delivered information during the research; to the executive board and staff of The Habibie Center who have fully supported the research, especially Ima, Mr Ghazali, Mr Kun, Vivi, and Tasha. Finally, we hope this research benefits our concerted efforts to build peace in.
π/2-shifted phase shift keying on the hypersphere: Transmitter and receiver algorithms

We introduce π/2-shifted Phase Shift Keying on the Hypersphere (π/2-PSKH), a new modulation scheme for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (mIMO) systems. π/2-PSKH is a multidimensional extension of shifted QAM which allows to use load-modulated MIMO transmitters with a highly efficient power amplifier with reduced backoff. We propose π/2-PSKH constellations and explain how a π/2-PSKH signal is generated. The signal point sequence for π/2-PSKH is time-varying and as such has an inherent code. For the receiver, three algorithms are introduced and numerical simulations are used to examine their performance. These algorithms are further modified in order to reduce their complexity. We discuss the effect of this complexity reduction and the trade-off between receiver complexity and performance. It is shown that due to its inherent code, π/2-PSKH shows excellent performance in terms of power efficiency even if used with conventional amplifiers.
Energy Aware Media Access Algorithm at the Presence of Channel State Information Error in Wireless Sensor Networks

To support the rapid emergence of applications with a large throughput and low delay requirement in wireless sensor network, design of throughput optimal energy aware algorithms has attracted researchers from a wide area of expertise. Maximum weight scheduling (MWS) is a well-known throughput optimal link scheduling algorithm. In addition to packet queue lengths, the algorithm needs to be aware of channel state information (CSI). However, perfect knowledge of channel state conditions is a very strong assumption in practical technologies. In this paper, the impact of CSI error on the performance of MWS algorithm is studied. We propose a throughput optimal link scheduling algorithm which is robust to CSI error. To consider CSI error, we propose an idea to use the state of battery at each node in order to estimate the amount of energy consumption per successful packet transmission. This information is used to revise MWS to the proposed algorithm termed as error robust energy aware scheduling (EREAS). We show that the EREAS outperforms MWS in terms of average number of failed transmissions and average delay in environments with high error probability. The theoretical results are confirmed by simulations.
Characterization of Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in the Human Cytomegalovirus DNA Polymerase Gene by Using Recombinant Mutant Viruses Generated from Overlapping DNA Fragments

ABSTRACT A number of specific point mutations in the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA polymerase (UL54) gene have been tentatively associated with decreased susceptibility to antiviral agents and consequently with clinical failure. To precisely determine the roles of UL54 mutations in HCMV drug resistance, recombinant UL54 mutant viruses were generated by using cotransfection of nine overlapping HCMV DNA fragments into permissive fibroblasts, and their drug susceptibility profiles were determined. Amino acid substitutions located in UL54 conserved region IV (N408D, F412C, and F412V), region V (A987G), and δ-region C (L501I, K513E, P522S, and L545S) conferred various levels of resistance to cidofovir and ganciclovir. Mutations in region II (T700A and V715M) and region VI (V781I) were associated with resistance to foscarnet and adefovir. The region II mutations also conferred moderate resistance to lobucavir. In contrast to mutations in other UL54 conserved regions, those residing specifically in region III (L802M, K805Q, and T821I) were associated with various drug susceptibility profiles. Mutations located outside the known UL54 conserved regions (S676G and V759M) did not confer any significant changes in HCMV drug susceptibility. Predominantly an additive effect of multiple UL54 mutations with respect to the final drug resistance phenotype was demonstrated. Finally, the influence of selected UL54 mutations on the susceptibility of viral DNA replication to antiviral drugs was characterized by using a transient-transfection-plus-infection assay. Results of this work exemplify specific roles of the UL54 conserved regions in the development of HCMV drug resistance and may help guide optimization of HCMV therapy.
1:1 Adducts of 2,2'-[isopropylidenebis(p-phenyleneoxy)]diacetic acid with dimethylammonium and 4,4'-bipyridine.

The title compounds, dimethylammonium 2-{4-[1-(4-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl]phenoxy}acetate, C(2)H(8)N(+). C(19)H(19)O(6)(-), (I), and 2,2'-[isopropylidenebis(p-phenyleneoxy)]diacetic acid-4,4'-bipyridine (1/1), C(19)H(20)O(6). C(10)H(8)N(2), (II), are 1:1 adducts of 2,2'-[isopropylidenebis(p-phenyleneoxy)]diacetic acid (H(2)L) with dimethylammonium or 4,4'-bipyridine. The component ions in (I) are linked by N-H.O, O-H.O and C-H.O hydrogen bonds into continuous two-dimensional layers parallel to the (001) plane. Adjacent layers are stacked via C-H.O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network with an -ABAB- alternation of the two-dimensional layers. In (II), two H(2)L molecules, one bipy molecule and two half bipy molecules are linked by O-H.N hydrogen bonds into one-dimensional chains and rectanglar-shaped rings. They are assembled via pi-pi stacking interactions and C-H.O hydrogen bonds into an intriguing zero-dimensional plus one-dimensional poly(pseudo)rotaxane motif.
Demographic and disease characteristics associated with non-hodgkin lymphoma survivors' quality of life: does age matter?

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine demographic and disease characteristics by age and the moderating effect of age on quality of life (QOL) among non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) survivors. DESIGN A cross-sectional, secondary analysis study of NHL survivors. SETTING Two North Carolina cancer registries. SAMPLE 741 NHL survivors with a mean age of 62 years and a mean time since diagnosis of 10 years. METHODS Mailed surveys were sent to individuals treated for NHL. All analyses were conducted using SPSS®, version 18.0. Multiple regression was used to analyze relationships among demographic and disease characteristics, age, and QOL. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Demographic, disease, and clinical characteristics on QOL. FINDINGS In relation to QOL, income and gender were moderated by age; for example, younger survivors who earned less than $30,000 annually had a poorer QOL. Women reported a higher QOL than men. CONCLUSIONS Age was a moderator for income and an indicator for how income could affect care of younger survivors. Men reported a lower QOL than women and gender-specific resources may be helpful to them. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nursing research should focus on age-sensitive resources targeted for younger NHL survivors. KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION Age is an important characteristic that impacts overall health-related QOL. Oncology nurses are instrumental in identifying patients at all ages who could benefit from age-specific resources.
Cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation syndrome in the Bernese mountain dog: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features.

OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features of cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation in Bernese mountain dogs. METHODS Seven Bernese mountain dogs (four males and three females) were diagnosed with cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation by magnetic resonance imaging. The following data were evaluated retrospectively: (1) abnormalities of the cervical vertebral column and spinal cord, (2) spinal cord compression, (3) intervertebral disc degeneration and herniation, (4) severity of clinical signs pretreatment and after treatment, (5) type of treatment and (6) outcome. RESULTS Spin echo T1-weighted and T2-weighted images disclosed multi-level, extradural compressive spinal cord lesions (ventral, dorsolateral or both) spanning from intervertebral disc spaces C3-4 to C6-7. In all seven dogs, T2-weighted images disclosed one or more intramedullary hyperintensities associated with extradural spinal cord compression. Surgery was performed in five dogs. Two dogs were managed medically. The prognosis for surgical or conservative management in Bernese mountain dogs was similar to cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation in other breeds. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation is an important differential diagnosis for young to middle-aged Bernese mountain dogs with a C1-5 or C6-T2 neuroanatomic localisation. Dorsolateral spinal cord compression associated with articular process hypertrophy was the most common feature of cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation in the seven Bernese mountain dogs evaluated.
Green Governance and International Business Strategies of Emerging Economies’ Multinational Enterprises: A Multiple-Case Study of Chinese Firms in Pollution-Intensive Industries

With the global consensus on the need for sustainability practices, green governance has attracted increasing attention from international business (IB) scholars and multinational enterprise (MNE) managers. In this study, we propose a more fine-grained framework of the green governance context along two dimensions: foreign direct investment (FDI) policy and environmental regulation. Then, we examine the framework using cluster analysis. On the basis of a multiple-case study comprising 11 Chinese MNEs in pollution-intensive industries operating in four different green governance contexts, we conclude that (1) the green governance context is a significant factor in MNEs’ global location choices and is an important driving force behind MNEs’ response patterns; (2) environmental capabilities enable MNEs to surmount a host country’s environmental entry barrier and facilitate wider global business deployment; (3) technological capabilities increase MNEs’ competitive edge and allow them to better harness a host country’s growth opportunities; (4) there are four types of green governance response patterns, and the details of the proposed classification structure and its validation are presented; and (5) both strict environmental regulation and friendly FDI policy can positively influence MNEs’ adoption of more active response patterns, and greater availability of environmental and technological capabilities does not affect MNEs’ environmental commitment. This study contributes to the international strategy-capability-environment alignment of emerging economies’ multinational enterprises (EMNEs) in different green governance contexts.
Sub-mA threshold 1.5-μm VCSELs with epitaxial and dielectric DBR mirrors

In this letter, we report low threshold 1.5-/spl mu/m vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with epitaxial and dielectric distributed Bragg reflector (DBRs). The device consists of a lattice-matched InAlAs-InAlGaAs DBR grown on an InP substrate, an InAlGaAs quantum well active region, a metamorphic GaAs tunnel junction, and a SiO/sub 2/-TiO/sub 2/ dielectric DBR. The current confinement is achieved by oxidizing an AlAs metamorphic layer grown on top of the active region. Small aperture devices show a minimum threshold of 0.8 mA at room temperature in continuous-wave operation.
Visualization of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells for evaluation of tracheal regeneration

Abstract Conclusion: Visualization of mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells with the use of a fluorescent protein was successfully achieved for evaluation of tracheal regeneration. Objectives: Tracheal epithelial cells derived from iPS cells are expected to be a useful cell source for tracheal regeneration. Our previous study demonstrated that mouse iPS cells differentiated into tracheal epithelial cells. However, when they are implanted into tracheal defects in experimental animals, it is difficult to determine whether the regenerated tracheal epithelium is in fact derived from iPS cells. The purpose of this study was to develop a visualization technique for iPS cells for evaluation of tracheal regeneration. Methods: Fluorescent marker tdTomato was transfected into iPS cells. Tracheal epithelial cells were generated from tdTomato-labeled iPS cells using embryoid body formation to detect the expression of tdTomato. The artificial material with tdTomato-labeled iPS cells was implanted into tracheal defects in nude rats. The survival and distribution of tdTomato-labeled iPS cell-derived cells were examined using the IVIS Imaging System and immunostaining. Results: The expression of tdTomato was detected in both undifferentiated cells and tracheal epithelial cells in vitro. tdTomato-labeled iPS cell-derived cells were successfully detected in the tracheal defects by IVIS Imaging System and immunostaining.
Allocating Overseas: Risk Assessment of Currency Hedging in Taiwan Life Insurance Industry

Abstract A persistent low-interest-rate environment has had a notable impact on the life insurance industry. For reducing the negative interest-rate spread problems, Taiwan life insurer’s asset allocation shift to international diversifies. In this paper, overseas investment is incorporated into the asset portfolio to reflect the growing practice of life insurers taking offshore risks for yield enhancement. We calibrate contract parameters and surplus distribution is investigated through feasible hedge strategies. Foreign-exchange volatility reserves, forward hedge, and basket hedge are compared based on the shortfall measures under risk-neutral valuation. The shareholder’s claim and default put options are compared. The numerical results show that FX volatility reserves are the most effective instrument for controlling currency risk, followed by basket hedge. By contrast, fully forward hedge is cost enhanced and might not generate the advantage of carry trade.
Recognition of Economic Growth Sources with Institutionalized Economics Approach

Nowadays, achievement of high economic growth is the main purpose of all economic firms and is also the focus point of all activities taken to have supervision on economic affairs of developed countries. At the same time, the institutionalized approach has been applied to analyze the nature of poverty and wealth of nations. Some economists believe that institutions play vital role in economic growth of countries, especially developing countries. Institutional environment is one of the most important elements of institutional structure framework forming an economic system. An economic system can be established and continued based on an institutional environment. In fact, institutional environment can provide the play rules for governmental mechanism and also for the market mechanism and can also determine the structure of relations between the government and market in an economic system. In addition to government and market, economic system encompasses also another underlying element called institutional environment. According to relations of institutional indices with other, analysis of separate effect of institutional indicators on economic growth is difficult. Hence, the applied method in this study proposes a set of institutional indicators in frame of institutional environment. This study has applied institutionalized economics approach with the definition of institutional factors of economic freedom, judicial system and bureaucracy level as institutional environment. Moreover, the study has applied developed criterion of institutional quality (IQ) and has analyzed the economic performance and has taken descriptive analysis and applied econometrics patterns and panel data. The results obtained from the study show that if the institutional environment shows the expected performance, it can leave positive effects on economic performance. Institutional factor of judicial system has direct and positive effect on economic growth and the effect of institutional factor of bureaucracy and overall freedom index on economic growth was not confirmed in this study.
Variation in the production rate of biosonar signals in freshwater porpoises.

The biosonar (click train) production rate of ten Yangtze finless porpoises and their behavior were examined using animal-borne data loggers. The sound production rate varied from 0 to 290 click trains per 10-min time interval. Large individual differences were observed, regardless of body size. Taken together, however, sound production did not differ significantly between daytime and nighttime. Over the 172.5 h of analyzed recordings, an average of 99.0% of the click trains were produced within intervals of less than 60 s, indicating that during a 1-min interval, the number of click trains produced by each porpoise was typically greater than one. Most of the porpoises exhibited differences in average swimming speed and depth between day and night. Swimming speed reductions and usage of short-range sonar, which relates to prey-capture attempts, were observed more often during nighttime. However, biosonar appears to be affected not only by porpoise foraging, but also by their sensory environment, i.e., the turbid Yangtze River system. These features will be useful for passive acoustic detection of the porpoises. Calculations of porpoise density or abundance should be conducted carefully because large individual differences in the sound production rate will lead to large estimation error.
Frontal Lobe Damage and Tests of Executive Processing: A Meta-Analysis of the Category Test, Stroop Test, and Trail-Making Test

The Category Test, Trails B, and the interference task of the Stroop Test are among the most commonly administered measures of frontal lobe functioning and are thought to tap different cognitive functions mediated by these brain regions. Two meta-analyses were conducted on these tests to determine their sensitivity to frontal and lateralized frontal brain damage. Study 1 compared participants with frontal lobe damage to those with damage to posterior brain regions, whereas Study 2 compared participants with left and right frontal lobe damage. For each study, effect sizes based on performance differences between the above groups were calculated for the Category Test, Trail-Making Test Parts A and B, and the Stroop Test, including Word, Color, and Color-Word subtests. In Study 1 significant differences between groups were found for Trails A and all Stroop tasks, but in Study 2 the only difference between left and right frontal participants was on the Stroop Color-Word task. Potential reasons why Trails A and the Stroop Test are sensitive to frontal lobe damage are discussed, such as novelty and processing speed, as are clinical implications of these findings. The challenges of research on assessment of frontal lobe functioning are discussed and new developments in this area are highlighted.
Gentamicin in Hemodialyzed Critical Care Patients: Early Dialysis after Administration of a High Dose Should Be Considered

ABSTRACT Gentamicin is a widely used antibiotic in the intensive care unit (ICU). Its dosage is difficult to adapt to hemodialyzed ICU patients. The FDA-approved regimen consists of the administration of 1 to 1.7 mg/kg of gentamicin at the end of each dialysis session. Better pharmacokinetic management could be obtained if gentamicin were administered just before the dialysis session. We performed Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) to determine the best gentamicin pharmacokinetic profile (high peak and low trough concentrations). Then, 6 mg/kg of gentamicin was infused into 10 ICU patients over a period of 30 min. A 4-h-long hemodialysis session was started 30 min after the end of the infusion. Pharmacokinetic samples were regularly collected over 24 h. A one-compartment model with zero-order input and first-order elimination was developed in Nonmem version VI to analyze patients' measured gentamicin concentration-versus-time profiles. Finally, additional MCS were performed to compare the regimen chosen with the FDA-approved gentamicin regimen. High peak concentrations (Cmax, 31.8 ± 16.8 mg/liter) were achieved. The estimated C24 and C48 values (concentrations 24 and 48 h, respectively, after the beginning of the infusion) were 4.1 ± 2.3 and 1.8 ± 1.2 mg/liter, respectively. The volume of distribution was 0.21 ± 0.06 liter/kg. MCS confirmed that the dosing regimen chosen achieved the target Cmax whereas the FDA-approved regimen did not (31.0 ± 10.9 versus 8.8 ± 3.1 mg · liter−1). Moreover, the C24 values were similar while the AUC0-24 values were moderately increased (190.8 ± 65.0 versus 135 ± 42.2 mg · h · liter−1). Therefore, administration of 6 mg/kg of gentamicin before hemodialysis to critically ill patients achieves a high Cmax and an acceptable AUC, maximizing pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic endpoints.