Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The γ‐aminobutyric acid receptor B, but not the metabotropic glutamate receptor type‐1, associates with lipid rafts in the rat cerebellum

Recent evidence suggests that specialized microdomains, called lipid rafts, exist within plasma membranes. These domains are enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids and are resistant to non‐ionic detergent‐extraction at 4°C. They contain specific populations of membrane proteins, and can change their size and composition in response to cellular signals, resulting in activation of signalling cascades. Here, we demonstrate that both the metabotropic γ‐aminobutyric acid receptor B (GABAB receptor) and the metabotropic glutamate receptor‐1 from rat cerebellum are insoluble in the non‐ionic detergent Triton X‐100. However, only the GABAB receptor associates with raft fractions isolated from rat brain by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Moreover, increasing the stringency of isolation by decreasing the protein : detergent ratio caused an enrichment of the GABAB receptor in raft fractions. In contrast, depletion of cholesterol from cerebellar membranes by either saponin or methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin treatment, which solubilize known raft markers, also increased the solubility of the GABAB receptor. These properties are all consistent with an association of the GABAB receptor with lipid raft microdomains.
Semantic Analysis of tags for the Social Classification of Resources in Tagging Systems

Tagging System or Collaborative Tagging System allows the user to tag or annotate the resource. Tagging has reached its peak in recent days due to the huge availability of web resources. Hence classification of such web resources is into classes is a vibrant mechanism which can make the search and access more speedy and rapid. Manual classification of available resources on the web is high-priced. Hence the automated classifiers are used to speed up the classification and reduce the cost. This paper deals with the semantic analysis of tags. The user supplied tags helps to find the aboutness of the resource and also support the classification. The Tagging systems make use of Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the state-of-the-art classification algorithm. Two large scale datasets such as delicious and LibraryThing have been used to understand the essence of social classification. This system holds up the structure for user defined annotations to extremely revamp the folksonomies.
QCRI at SemEval-2016 Task 4: Probabilistic Methods for Binary and Ordinal Quantification

We describe the systems we have used for participating in Subtasks D (binary quantification) and E (ordinal quantification) of SemEval-2016 Task 4 “Sentiment Analysis in Twitter”. The binary quantification system uses a “Probabilistic Classify and Count” (PCC) approach that leverages the calibrated probabilities obtained from the output of an SVM. The ordinal quantification approach uses an ordinal tree of PCC binary quantifiers, where the tree is generated via a splitting criterion that minimizes the ordinal quantification loss.
VisQuery: Visual querying of streaming data via pattern matching

Querying streaming data is becoming a dominant problem in big data analytics. A practical approach to querying streaming data is through traditional databases that have been modified to support streams, such as MySQL. However, conditional selection for querying data streams is currently an open challenge. We present a new visual framework that provides a more intuitive querying interaction for streaming data by combining visual selections on patterns with image processing techniques in order to better identify regions of interest. The main contribution of this paper is a novel method for matching patterns among normalized frames via feature vector clustering.
How to Use Low-Cost Devices as Teaching Materials for Children with Different Disabilities

This chapter focuses on how to use assistive technology to help children with disabilities. The real situation is that many classes do not have enough resources to buy much equipment for children with different needs. We will introduce how to use low-cost devices to make a simple interactive whiteboard, a low-cost AirMouse and interactive feedback for rehabilitation treatment. Some research has combined the use of a Wii hand controller and infrared (IR) emitter to create a low-cost interactive whiteboard; we applied and extended the relative issues in this chapter that utilizes the Wii hand controller as a key of assistive technology. The contents are applied in Flash software or PowerPoint, so that resource teachers could design the teaching materials without any training.
Changes in DNA bending and flexing due to tethered cations detected by fluorescence resonance energy transfer

Local DNA deformation arises from an interplay among sequence-related base stacking, intrastrand phosphate repulsion, and counterion and water distribution, which is further complicated by the approach and binding of a protein. The role of electrostatics in this complex chemistry was investigated using tethered cationic groups that mimic proximate side chains. A DNA duplex was modified with one or two centrally located deoxyuracils substituted at the 5-position with either a flexible 3-aminopropyl group or a rigid 3-aminopropyn-1-yl group. End-to-end helical distances and duplex flexibility were obtained from measurements of the time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer between 5′- and 3′-linked dye pairs. A novel analysis utilized the first and second moments of the G(t) function, which encompasses only the energy transfer process. Duplex flexibility is altered by the presence of even a single positive charge. In contrast, the mean 5′–3′ distance is significantly altered by the introduction of two adjacently tethered cations into the double helix but not by a single cation: two adjacent aminopropyl groups decrease the 5′–3′ distance while neighboring aminopropynyl groups lengthen the helix.
Generating Test Oracles via Model Checking

This paper describes a method for automatically generating (and re-generating) test oracles during software development using the counter-example generation mechanism found in most model checker tools. Given a state-based specification of a system, our method helps organize test cases into a complete cover of disjoint equivalence partitions on a test space. These partitions are comprised of paths in the test space that conform to specified requirements written in linear temporal logic (LTL) formulae or quantified regular expressions (QRE). The oracles can also be used to drive test executions in cases where the test environment must generate events and conditions in order to force particular behaviors in nondeterministic systems.
Hybrid Botnet Detection Mechanism

Botnets have emerged as one of the biggest threats to internet security in the recent years. They have confounded security researchers because of their mobile and secretive behavior. A Botnet is a network of zombie machines remotely controlled by a command server or a Botmaster. These compromised host machines may be used for sending spam, launching DOS attacks, spying or stealing information. As botnets have evolved, so has the detection techniques changed. A number of different techniques have been suggested yet no technique is completely foolproof. While some are based on detecting anomalies, others focus on DNS queries [Choi et al., 2007] or DNSBL [Ramachandran et al., 2006] queries etc. This paper analyzes layouts of different detection techniques. The paper tries to find features that, when combined together, complement each other’s strengths and eliminate the weaknesses and suggests a framework consisting of a combination of those features which, theoretically, should overcome most of the common problems faced by detection techniques. General Terms Botnets, Detection techniques, Security threat, Networks, hybrid botnets
Exploratory study with eye tracking devices to build interactive systems for air traffic controllers

While the mouse is the main input device for interacting with different screens, many alternatives do exist. In this article, we report our exploratory study with the usage of eyes as a new input device for Air Traffic Control systems. Our investigations, based on a user-centered design, include a study of the activity, a classification of interaction techniques based on eye tracking systems, and finally a working prototype with the evaluations of the developed interaction techniques. Our goal is to investigate gaze usages as a means of interaction, and give recommendations for future development of Air Traffic Control systems.
A Bound on GA Convergence Using Lyapunov-like Functions

We extend the work done in modeling the Genetic Algorithm (GA) from fundamental principles [8] by calculating a bound for convergence time for two selection schemes. When a Lyapunov function is used to show convergence, we demonstrate a method whereby the same Lyapunov function can give convergence time. We then calculate that bound for proportional selection and ranking selection. Our result is important because to date there has only been a described expected convergence for the GA given that the assumptions for the Schema Theorem [3] hold [1]. Key-Words: Complexity, Convergence Bound, Genetic Algorithm, Evolutionary Computation 1 Background Prior work that described the expected convergence rate of the GA was based on the many assumptions underlying the Schema Theorem [3], [1]. These assumptions are not universally agreed upon. Consequently, attempts at modeling the GA from fundamental principles have been undertaken. Using techniques from dynamical systems Vose showed that certain genetic algorithms are focused [8]. We use the same techniques to give actual bounds on convergence times. Vose showed that if a Lyapunov function is monotone, then an algorithm is focused. We show that if the rate of change of the Lyapunov function is monotone then convergence time can be bounded. And, we show that the rate of change of the Lyapunov function is indeed monotone for two specific selection schemes. 2 Convergence Time Bounded We assume a simple genetic algorithm with no crossover and no mutation. The genetic algorithm is modeled by specifying a search space Ω and a simplex Λ of population vectors, the vertices of Λ being the points of Ω. The algorithm is a map G from Λ to Λ. G is focused if it is continuously differentiable and for every p contained in Λ and for every p contained in Λ the following sequence converges: p, G(p), G(p), . G will be broken down into a composition of two functions F and M, F being the selection scheme and M being a combination of mutation and crossover. For our results, we assume M is the identity function and then G is the same as F. If G is continuously differentiable and has finitely many fixed points, and if there is a continuous function φ satisfying x ≠ G(x) ⇒ φ(x) > φ(G(x)) then G is focused [8]. In this setting, φ is called a Lyapunov function. Theorem 1: Bounded Convergence Time If F is a continuously differentiable function from Λ to Λ, and F has finitely many fixed points, and φ is a Lyapunov function for F, then if φ(F(p))/φ(F(p)) ≥ 1 + k (except when F(p) = F(p)) where k > 0 does not depend on m, then the convergence time of F is bounded.
Technology Education in the Classroom: Understanding the Designed World.

1. A Call for Technological Literacy 2. Making Way for Technology Education 3. Strategies for Creating Coherent Programs 4. Alternative Ways of Structuring a Curriculum 5. Establishing Technology Education in the Schools Appendices: A. Technology Education in Other Countries B. A Thematic Approach Across Grades C. Resource List D. Teachers and School Sites
Oxidative Stress Is Associated With XIAP and Smac/DIABLO Signaling Pathways in Mouse Brains After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Background and Purpose— The interaction of X chromosome-linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein (XIAP) with second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac)/direct inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein-binding protein with low pI (DIABLO) contributes to regulation of apoptosis after a variety of cell death stimuli, and in our reported in vivo transient focal cerebral ischemia (tFCI) model. We have also reported that overexpression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) reduces apoptotic cell death after tFCI. Our present study was designed to clarify the relationship between the XIAP signaling pathway and oxidative stress in the regulation of apoptosis after tFCI. Methods— We used a tFCI model of SOD1 transgenic mice and wild-type littermates to examine the expression of XIAP and Smac/DIABLO by Western blotting and the interaction of XIAP with Smac/DIABLO (XIAP/Smac) or caspase-9 (XIAP/caspase-9) by coimmunoprecipitation. The direct oxidation of carbonyl groups, an indication of oxidative injury to total and individual proteins caused by tFCI, was examined using a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone reaction assay. Results— Direct oxidative injury to cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins was reduced by SOD1 after tFCI. The individual oxidized carbonyls in XIAP, mitochondrial Smac/DIABLO, and caspase-9 were also reduced by SOD1. Expression of XIAP and XIAP/caspase-9 was promoted, whereas translocation of Smac/DIABLO and XIAP/Smac was reduced, by SOD1 after tFCI. Conclusions— These results suggest that overexpression of SOD1 may affect the XIAP pathway after tFCI by reducing the direct oxidative reaction to XIAP regulators after reperfusion injury.
Using Domain Top-page Similarity Feature in Machine Learning-Based Web Phishing Detection

This paper presents a study on using a concept feature to detect web phishing problem. Following the features introduced in Carnegie Mellon Anti-phishing and Network Analysis Tool (CANTINA), we applied additional domain top-page similarity feature to a machine learning based phishing detection system. We preliminarily experimented with a small set of 200 web data, consisting of 100 phishing webs and another 100 non-phishing webs. The evaluation result in terms of f-measure was up to 0.9250, with 7.50% of error rate.
Organizational Communications and Decision Making in Crises

The primary focus of this study is to focus on the response of organizations to crises. Organizations are the primary social units which respond to major crises, whether at the community, national or international level. In particular, two major areas of organizational functioning are singled out for attention decision making and communication. Both of these areas point to a range of behavior rather than to a single entity. Decision making involves the consideration of alternative outcomes, setting goals, deciding on means to chosen ends, etc. One important element in the present study is that decision making is viewed in an environment which is uncertain. The very notion of crisis implies uncertainty. In this context of uncertainty, organizations have to make decisions as to the allocation of resources for the accomplishment of goals. An integral part of the decision making process is, communication, a process through which an organization sends a signal or message over a channel to another part of the organization (intraorganizational) or to another organization (interorganizational). The parts which are linked in this process create a communication structure. Obviously, communication is an essential part of the decision making process. The intent of the study is to use the cumulative research of DRC to build a set of propositions concerning organizational decision making and communication.
Heartbeat dynamics from a Microcanonical Multifractal approach

Heartbeat dynamics is a complex system. To characterize it properly, advanced nonlinear signal-processing methods are needed. In this context, recent developments on reconstructible signals and multiscale information content have led to the Microcanonical Multifractal Formalism (MMF). The MMF provides signal-analysis techniques particularly suited to heartbeat dynamics. In particular, electrocardiogram signals and electric potential in the endocardium allows detecting slow-changing transitions. Detecting regime transition could be used for early warning and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. In this context, we present an application to the case of Atrial Fibrillation in which we detect distinctive parameters for the transition matrix.
Comparison of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices for Recharging Batteries

Piezoelectric materials can be used as a means of transforming ambient vibrations into electrical energy that can then be stored and used to power other devices. With the recent surge of microscale devices, piezoelectric power generation can provide a convenient alternative to traditional power sources used to operate certain types of sensors/actuators, telemetry, and MEMS devices. However, the energy produced by these materials is in many cases far too small to directly power an electrical device. Therefore, much of the research into power harvesting has focused on methods of accumulating the energy until a sufficient amount is present, allowing the intended electronics to be powered. In a recent study by Sodano et al. (2004a) the ability to take the energy generated through the vibration of a piezoelectric material was shown to be capable of recharging a discharged nickel metal hydride battery. In the present study, three types of piezoelectric devices are investigated and experimentally tested to determine each of their abilities to transform ambient vibration into electrical energy and their capability to recharge a discharged battery. The three types of piezoelectric devices tested are the commonly used monolithic piezoceramic material lead–zirconate–titanate (PZT), the bimorph Quick Pack (QP) actuator, and the macro-fiber composite (MFC). The experimental results estimate the efficiency of the three devices tested and identify the feasibility of their use in practical applications. Different capacity batteries are recharged using each device, to determine the charge time and maximum capacity battery that can be charged. The results presented in this article provide a means of choosing the piezoelectric device to be used and estimate the amount of time required to recharge a specific capacity battery.
A scalable design of multigranularity optical cross-connects for the next-generation optical Internet

This paper proposes a scalable design for next-generation optical cross-connects (OXCs). We present a novel strategy for dimensioning the switching capability as a long term planning. Switching fabrics in OXCs have to be expanded according to traffic growth, which may incur a scalability problem due to the exponentially increasing cost in manufacturing and maintenance. The proposed scheme expands the switching capacity of OXCs with waveband- and fiber-switching components (or, equivalently, expands the network capacity with waveband- and fiber-switching tiers). To minimize the number of extra fibers for waveband- and fiber-switching tiers required to satisfy a given traffic matrix, we formulate the problem of routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) with tunnel allocation (RWAT) into a constraint programming (CP) process. The CP is simplified as two integer linear programming (ILP) processes that are performed sequentially. Experiments are conducted on four examples to compare the throughput and the number of switching points when different switching architectures are adopted under different traffic increase. The benefits of our approach are demonstrated. Finally, we conclude that the proposed optimization scheme can dimension the networks with expandability and scalability to the growing traffic demand.
DHHS GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF ANTIRETROVIRAL AGENTS IN PATIENTS WITH HIV-1 INFECTION —

Current treatment goals for patients with HIV are focused on reducing HIV-related morbidity, prolonging survival, improving quality of life, and preventing HIV transmission by maximally suppressing viral replication for as long as possible, while restoring or preserving immune function. To achieve these goals, clinicians must select a potent antiretroviral regimen from multiple drug classes, which preferably includes 3 active drugs against the major strains of HIV in a given patient. This article explores current treatment recommendations for treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients, from the Department of Health and Human Services’ Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Also included are antiretroviral agents and combinations of agents that are not recommended due to lack of potency or safety concerns. For treatmentnaïve patients, current “preferred” antiretroviral regimens consist of 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), combined with either a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI). Guideline-preferred antiretroviral agents for initial therapy include the NNRTI efavirenz; the PI-based regimens atazanavir + ritonavir, fosamprenavir + ritonavir, and lopinavir/ritonavir (coformulated); and the NRTIs abacavir/lamivudine (coformulated) and tenofovir/emtricitabine (coformulated). For treatment-experienced patients, strategies involved in managing virologic and immunologic failures, in addition to clinical progression, are discussed. (Adv Stud Pharm. 2008;5(4):97-104)
HARDWARE EFFICIENT SINGULAR VALUE DECOMPOSITION IN MIMO-OFDM SYSTEM

This paper presents an adaptive hardware design for computing Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of the radio communication channel characteristic matrix and is suitable for computing the SVD of a maximum of 4×4 real- value matrices used in (multiple input Multiple output) MIMO-OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) standards, such as the IEEE 802.11n applications.Hence the data is transmitted without any interference from the transmitting antenna. Also the data obtained is more reliable. The proposed method is able to deal with any matrix size implementation and is able to deal with several channel matrices. The information of the right singular-vector matrix can be fed back to the transmitter for beamforming to improve the error performance when facing the channel matrix. The algorithms to decompose the channel matrix were implemented using the Spartan6 FPGA from Xilinx as the target device. The implementation concentrates on utilizing the features of the FPGA to speed up operations and reduce the area required by reducing the device utilization.Thus, reducing the effective cost.
Governance and the Right to Information in Maharashtra

The Right to Information Act is supposed to ensure transparency in administration and governance. But a survey done by Pragati Abhiyan in Nashik district of Maharashtra finds that many government offices have not yet nominated a public information officer as required under the Act. Often information exists in a raw form, but it is not processed into a consolidated format.
RECENT ADVANCES IN SLEEP RESEARCH NEUE ERKENNTNISSE IN DER SCHLAFFORSCHUNG

SUMMARY The past two decades have witnessed substantial progress in methodology and knowledge in sleep research all over the world. The paper at hand will present some recent local contributions to this field. The first is a European project (SIESTA) focusing on the creation of an automatic sleep classification system and a normative database, including polysomnographic (PSG) and psychometric measures, in order to make it possible to diagnose sleep-disordered patients as compared with and age- and sex-matched healthy controls between 20 and 95 years of age. Subsequently, two trials on nonorganic sleep disorders in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and bruxism, as well as two trials on organic sleep disorders, i.e. snoring/sleep-disordered breathing treated with a mandibular advancement device (I.S.T.) and restless legs syndrome treated with ropinirole and gabapentin, will be discussed.