Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental course work and early placement: Success strategies for underprepared community college students

The purpose of this study was to determine if selected input and environmental variables had an effect on the successful outcome of degree-seeking, underprepared students entering a comprehensive, public, 2‐year community college, ASSET test scores were used to identify underprepared students and placement in developmental English, math, and reading course work. Successful underprepared students differed significantly from unsuccessful underprepared students on the measured input, environmental, and output variables. Results of the study showed that completion of a developmental reading and English course was a significant variable in separating the 2 groups of underprepared students. In addition, those who completed developmental course work early in their college career fared better academically than those who did not. Findings support recommendations of mandatory placement and successful completion of developmental reading and English courses prior to or concurrent with enrollment in other college cour.
From Interpretation to Representation in Organizational Analysis: Postmodernism, Ethnography and Organizational Symbolism

Essentially, this paper argues that the understanding of organization is insepar able from the organization of understanding. This argument is developed and sustained through detailed consideration of the problematics of interpretation and of representation in organizational analysis, focusing on the understanding of significant problems within a particular arena of activity (organizational symbolism). Accordingly, from an analysis of forms of narrative in organizational symbolism, the paper articulates issues that are fundamental to both the theory and practice of organization. Through such a consideration of paradoxes of tex tuality in the inscription of order, current concerns in organizational analysis become connected to long-standing problems in Organization Studies.
The french kitchen: task-based learning in an instrumented kitchen

Ubiquitous computing technologies have traditionally striven to augment objects and the environment with sensing capabilities to enable them to respond appropriately to the needs of the individuals in the environment. This paper considers how such technologies might be harnessed to support language learning, and specifically Task-Based Learning (TBL). Task-Based Learning (TBL) involves doing meaningful tasks in a foreign language, emphasising the language's use in practice. TBL is seen as a highly engaging and motivating approach to learning a language, but is difficult to do in the classroom. Here, learners typically engage in activities that only simulate 'real-world' tasks, and as such only rehearse language use, rather than applying the language in practice. In this paper, we explore how an instrumented, context-aware environment whose design is grounded in pedagogical principles can support TBL. We present the French Kitchen, an instrumented kitchen for English speakers who are learning French, and describe a 46-participant evaluation of the kitchen. Based on the evaluation, we provide a set of design recommendations for those building instrumented systems for TBL.
Rice amylopectin fine structure variability affects starch digestion properties.

UNLABELLED The possibility to identify or develop new rice cultivars with low glycemic response was investigated. Twelve rice cultivars with a narrow range of amylose contents were selected based on their wide variation in rapid viscoanalyzer (RVA) pasting breakdown to study the relationship between starch digestibility and amylopectin fine structure and pasting properties. Rice flour samples were cooked for in vitro digestibility analysis using the standard Englyst assay. RVA was performed for pasting properties of starches. Results showed that rapidly digestible starch (RDS) was highly and negatively correlated (r = -0.86, p < 0.01; r = -0.81, p < 0.01) with FrI long and FrII intermediate/short debranched amylopectin linear chains, respectively, and positively correlated (r = 0.79; p < 0.01) with FrIII very short linear chains. Slowly digestible (SDS) starch was positively correlated (r = 0.80, p < 0.01; 0.76, p < 0.01) with FrI and FrII, respectively, and negatively correlated (r = -0.76, p < 0.01) with FrIII. RVA breakdown viscosity was positively correlated (r = 0.88, p < 0.01) with RDS and negatively correlated (r = -0.89, p < 0.01) with SDS. Thus, the RVA method potentially could be used as a screening tool for starch digestion properties. This study reveals a molecular basis in amylopectin fine structure variability for starch digestion properties in rice cultivars and could have value in identifying slowly digesting cultivars as well as developing a breeding strategy to produce low glycemic rice cultivars. KEYWORDS Rice; starch; RVA; amylopectin; digestibility.
Survey of research related to the development of the concept of ‘matter’

This paper presents a survey and analysis of research related to the development of concepts of matter. It is proposed that the clarity with which pupils understand the distinction between matter and objects influences their explanations of composition and phenomena. A theoretical framework for the development of the concept of matter via ‘action’ in the sense of Piaget is given. This provides an explanation of how children develop the concept of matter and is used to discuss literature concerning children's classification of matter, their explanations of the composition of matter, and their explanations of physical and chemical change. For a clearer distinction between the concepts of object and matter, the authors propose distinguishing early in schooling between intensive properties of matter and extensive properties of objects. A hypothesis in respect of the development of the concept of matter via ‘action’ in the sense of Piaget is given. The study also shows possible implications of the development .
CS 224 n Final Project Unsupervised Methods for Word Sense Disambiguation

Word sense disambiguation is essentially a clustering problem. The general approach is as follows: For each appearance of a given word we extract a context consisting of, say, the m surrounding words. We then group these context snippets into clusters according to some similarity measure. Finally we interpret each of the resulting clusters as a different sense of the word in question. With conventional clustering algorithms, we need to specify the desired number of clusters as an input parameter or determine it using some ad-hoc heuristic, e.g. based on the quality of the fit. A better way is to apply nonparametric clustering, e.g. via a Dirichlet process model, that determines the ideal number of clusters, and hence the number of senses, from the training data. One of our goals is to determine whether this approach is practical.
Control of three-source high voltage power network for more electric aircraft

This paper proposes a simulation model of the control strategy for the high voltage power network with three power sources in the future aircraft. These power sources include two generators coupled to the aircraft turbine engine and a high voltage (HV) battery. The two generators together with the battery are delivering the power in parallel to a 270VDC dynamic load. The generators are two six-phase externally excited synchronous machines (EESM) operating in the generation mode. One of these machines is also used as a starter generator (SG). A voltage source inverter (VSI) is utilized to start the engine and to obtain the DC power when the machine is operated as a generator. The second machine is operated only as a generator (G) and the output AC voltage of this machine is passively rectified. The generators and the battery are delivering a maximum power of 160kW to the load. A battery model with a DC/DC converter is used as a third power source and as a load. The operation of the parallel connected sources is analyzed in selected fault conditions.
Pivotal and distinct role for Plasmodium actin capping protein alpha during blood infection of the malaria parasite

Accurate regulation of microfilament dynamics is central to cell growth, motility and response to environmental stimuli. Stabilizing and depolymerizing proteins control the steady‐state levels of filamentous (F‐) actin. Capping protein (CP) binds to free barbed ends, thereby arresting microfilament growth and restraining elongation to remaining free barbed ends. In all CPs characterized to date, alpha and beta subunits form the active heterodimer. Here, we show in a eukaryotic parasitic cell that the two CP subunits can be functionally separated. Unlike the beta subunit, the CP alpha subunit of the apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium is refractory to targeted gene deletion during blood infection in the mammalian host. Combinatorial complementation of Plasmodium berghei CP genes with the orthologs from Plasmodium falciparum verified distinct activities of CP alpha and CP alpha/beta during parasite life cycle progression. Recombinant Plasmodium CP alpha could be produced in Escherichia coli in the absence of the beta subunit and the protein displayed F‐actin capping activity. Thus, the functional separation of two CP subunits in a parasitic eukaryotic cell and the F‐actin capping activity of CP alpha expand the repertoire of microfilament regulatory mechanisms assigned to CPs.
Methodology of Frontal and Executive Function

Testing central executive functioning with a pencil-and-paper test, A. Baddeley et al theory and methodology in executive function research, P.W. Burgess executive and non-executive functions in normal and pathological ageing - a neuroimaging investigation, J.K. Foster et al sustained attention and the frontal lobes, T. Manley, I.H. Robertson how specific are memory and other cognitive deficits caused by frontal lobe lesions? A.R. Mayes, I. Daum normal age-related memory loss and its relation to frontal lobe dysfunction, A. J. Parkin do "frontal tests" measure executive function? - issues and assessment and evidence from fluency tests, L.H. Phillips a neural systems approach to the cognitive psychology of ageing - studies with CANTAB on large samples of the normal elderly population, T.W. Robbins et al studies of executive function in normal old age, C. Askew, P. Rabbitt behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome, B.A. Wilson.
Switching Barriers in the Four-Stage Loyalty Model

Oliver (1997) suggests a four-stage loyalty model proposing that loyalty consists of belief, affect, intentions, and action. Although this model has recently been subject to empirical examination, the issue of moderator variables has been largely neglected. This article fills that void by analyzing the moderating effects of switching barriers, using a sample of 589 customers of a large do-it-yourself (DIY) retailer. The results suggest that these moderators exert an influence on the development of the different stages of the loyalty sequence. Specifically, switching costs, social benefits, and attractiveness of alternatives are found to be important moderators of the links in the four-stage loyalty model.
Shifting Acceptance of Evolution: Promising Evidence of the Influence of the Understanding Evolution Website

This study examined preservice teachers’ understanding and acceptance of biological evolution, the nature of science, and situations of chance. Our goal was to examine whether increases in understanding of situations of chance (randomness), the nature of science, and acceptance of evolution, would result in greater understanding of biological evolution in prospective teachers. The participating preservice teachers were tested before and after interacting with the Understanding Evolution website and a similarly designed tutorial to assess their acceptance and understanding of these three domains. Web based tutorials designed to address common misconceptions of the three domains were administered to the experimental group. The control group received evolution and nature of science misconception instruction, and to equate time on task, a filler tutorial which replaced the situations of chance instruction. Pretest analysis revealed evolution understanding was significantly correlated with knowledge of the nature of science and situations of uncertainly. Post test analysis indicated that the tutorials induced a modest but detectable shift in acceptance of evolution, but had no effect on understanding of situations of chance or knowledge of evolution. This suggests that it may be able to achieve modest changes in acceptance of evolution with a relatively modest instructional intervention.
Primary school teachers’ restricted and elaborated anger

This article examines the cognitive appraisals associated with the emotion of anger based on interviews with teachers. An analysis of these appraisals demonstrated that teachers experienced different forms of anger depending on whether they were relating to other adults or their pupils. Anger in relation to children was based on persistent goal blockage, the build up of frustration and the assignment of blame. Such anger, referred to here as restricted anger, was expressed at the time and seemed to involve limited cognitive elaboration. By contrast, anger in relation to parents and colleagues was associated with blaming others for having brought about an unfair/unjust outcome and a perceived threat to self. Such anger, referred to here as elaborated anger, was not displayed immediately but appeared to be cognitively dwelled upon and maintained. These two forms of anger and their appraisals are examined and their implications for teachers and teaching considered.
Heritabilities of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression in earthquake exposed Armenian families

Objective To examine the heritabilities of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and the shared genetic component of these symptoms among family members exposed to the 1988 Spitak earthquake in Armenia. Methods Two hundred members of 12 multigenerational families exposed to the Spitak earthquake were studied using a battery that assessed earthquake exposure and symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Heritabilities of these phenotypes were determined using variance component analyses and shared genetic vulnerabilities between these phenotypes were determined using bivariate analyses. Results Heritabilities were as follows: PTSD symptoms 41% (P<0.001), anxiety symptoms 61% (P<0.001), and depressive symptoms 66% (P<0.001). The genetic correlation (ρg>0) of PTSD symptoms with anxiety symptoms was 0.75 (P<0.001) and with depressive symptoms it was 0.71 (P<0.001). The genetic correlation of anxiety with depressive symptoms was 0.54 (P<0.001). Conclusion The heritabilities found in this multigenerational family study indicate that the genetic make-up of some individuals renders them substantially more vulnerable than others to develop symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. A large proportion of the genetic liability for PTSD, anxiety, and depression are shared. The findings offer promise for identifying susceptibility genes for these phenotypes.
Incentive Spirometry for Prevention of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Upper Abdominal Surgery

BACKGROUND Upper abdominal surgical procedures are associated with a high risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. The risk and severity of postoperative pulmonary complications can be reduced by the judicious use of therapeutic manoeuvres that increase lung volume. Our objective was to assess the effect of incentive spirometry (IS) compared to no therapy, or physiotherapy including coughing and deep breathing, on all-cause postoperative pulmonary complications and mortality in adult patients admitted for upper abdominal surgery. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of incentive spirometry compared to no such therapy (or other therapy) on all-cause postoperative pulmonary complications (atelectasis, acute respiratory inadequacy) and mortality in adult patients admitted for upper abdominal surgery. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2006, Issue 3), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS (from inception to July 2006). There were no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials of incentive spirometry in adult patients admitted for any type of upper abdominal surgery, including patients undergoing laparoscopic procedures. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS We included 11 studies with a total of 1754 participants. Many trials were of only moderate methodological quality and did not report on compliance with the prescribed therapy. Data from only 1160 patients could be included in the meta-analysis. Three trials (120 patients) compared the effects of incentive spirometry with no respiratory treatment. Two trials (194 patients) compared incentive spirometry with deep breathing exercises. Two trials (946 patients) compared incentive spirometry with other chest physiotherapy. All showed no evidence of a statistically significant effect of incentive spirometry. There was no evidence that incentive spirometry is effective in the prevention of pulmonary complications. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence regarding the effectiveness of the use of incentive spirometry for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications in upper abdominal surgery. This review underlines the urgent need to conduct well-designed trials in this field. There is a case for large randomized trials of high methodological rigour in order to define any benefit from the use of incentive spirometry regarding mortality.
Rethinking Care Theory: The Practice of Caring and the Obligation to Care

Care theorists have made significant gains over the past twenty-five years in establishing caring as a viable moral and political concept. Nonetheless, the concept of caring remains underdeveloped as a basis for a moral and political philosophy, and there is no fully developed account of our moral obligation to care. This article advances thinking about caring by developing a definition of caring and a theory of obligation to care sufficient to ground a general moral and political philosophy.
AN ECOLOGICAL REVIEW OF CLADOPHORA GLOMERATA (CHLOROPHYTA) IN THE LAURENTIAN GREAT LAKES 1

Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kütz. is, potentially, the most widely distributed macroalga throughout the world’s freshwater ecosystems. C. glomerata has been described throughout North America, Europe, the Atlantic Islands, the Caribbean Islands, Asia, Africa, Australia and New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands. Cladophora blooms were a common feature of the lower North American Great Lakes (Erie, Michigan, Ontario) from the 1950s through the early 1980s and were largely eradicated through the implementation of a multibillion‐dollar phosphorus (P) abatement program. The return of widespread blooms in these lakes since the mid‐1990s, however, was not associated with increases in P loading. Instead, current evidence indicates that the resurgence in blooms was directly related to ecosystem level changes in substratum availability, water clarity, and P recycling associated with the establishment of dense colonies of invasive dreissenid mussels. These results support the hypothesis that dreissenid mussel invasions may induce dramatic shifts in energy and nutrient flow from pelagic zones to the benthic zone.
Quantitative study of follicular development in the ovary of the intact or unilaterally ovariectomized hamster.

Summary. This study is an analysis of the changes occurring in the population of follicles during the oestrous cycle of the hamster. Findings in the intact animal were compared with those in animals semispayed at various times. The results indicate that the number of large follicles (267µ or greater) is largely determined for each ovary by Day 1 (9 a.m. of the morning of ovulation) and is maintained until the 3rd day of the cycle. Follicular atresia between Days 3 and 4 reduces the number of large follicles per ovary to nearly the number that will eventually ovulate. In general, both ovaries of any one animal contain approximately equal numbers of follicles during the cycle. During the first 3 days of the cycle of the intact hamster, each ovary of a pair contains nearly as many large follicles as will finally ovulate from both ovaries. After the removal of one ovary on any one of the first 3 days of the cycle, numerous follicles persist in the Day-4 ovary that ordinarily would degenerate. This suggests that a decrease in follicular atresia rather than an increase in the proliferation of medium-sized follicles is responsible for compensatory ovulation after semispaying. After unilateral ovariectomy at Day 3, the remaining ovary on the 1st day of the next cycle contains significantly more follicles than the Day-1 ovary of the intact animal or of hamsters that were semispayed on Days 1 or 4. Removal of one ovary at 9 a.m. during the first 3 days of the oestrous cycle was followed by a doubling in the number of ovulations from the remaining ovary. These results agree with the findings on follicular development in indicating that the follicles destined to ovulate at the next oestrus are determined on the 3rd day of the cycle.
Modeling of distributed objects computing design pattern combinations using a formal specification language

Design patterns help us to respond to the challenges faced while developing Distributed Object Computing (DOC) applications by shifting developers’ focus to high-level design concerns, rather than platform specific details. However, due to the inherent ambiguity of the existing textual and graphical descriptions of the design patterns, users are faced with difficulties in understanding when and how to use them. Since design patterns are seldom used in isolation but are usually combined to solve complex problems, the above-mentioned difficulties have even worsened. The formal specification of design patterns and their combination is not meant to replace the existing means of describing patterns, but to complement them in order to achieve accuracy and to allow rigorous reasoning about them. The main problem of the existing formal specification languages for design patterns is the lack of completeness. This is mainly because they tend to focus on specifying either the structural or behavioral aspects of design patterns but not both of them. Moreover, none of them even ventured in specifying DOC patterns and pattern combinations. We propose a simple yet Balanced Pattern Specification Language (BPSL) aimed to achieve equilibrium by specifying both the aspects of design patterns. The language combines two subsets of logic: one from the First-Order Logic (FOL) and the other from the Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA).
Time Management, Passion, and Collaboration

The present study interviewed 17 of the most research-productive counseling psychologists within APA-accredited counseling psychology programs. Using Consensual Qualitative Research, seven domains emerged from the interviews: root of productivity, personality characteristics, productivity strategies, work environment, nonwork life, impact, and tips. Within these domains, 13 general categories emerged and 19 typical categories emerged. Overall, these participants were successful early in their careers, received mentorship/support while in graduate school, chose research topics that were salient to them and about which they were passionate, effectively managed their time, collaborated well with students and professionals, had a structured approach to writing, worked in a supportive research environment, and spent a considerable amount of time outside of work with family or participating in hobbies. Based on the results, practical suggestions are offered for individuals within the field of counseling psychology who wish to be productive researchers.