Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A latent variable model for query expansion using the hidden markov model

We propose a novel probabilistic method based on the Hidden Markov Model(HMM) to learn the structure of a Latent Variable Model (LVM) for query language modeling. In the proposed LVM, the combinations of query terms are viewed as the latent variables and the segmented chunks from the feedback documents are used as the observations given these latent variables. Our extensive experiments shows that our method significantly outperforms a number of strong baselines in terms of both effectiveness and robustness.
Iodine-123-5-iodo-6-nitroquipazine: SPECT radiotracer to image the serotonin transporter.

UNLABELLED Because serotonergic function has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases of the nervous system, efforts to image this system in vivo have received considerable recent attention. Promising preliminary results with the tracer 5-iodo-6-nitroquipazine (INQUIP) have prompted us to perform further studies designed to validate the use of the tracer as an in vivo ligand for the serotonin transporter. METHODS We studied six adult macaca mulatta in eight experiments which involved SPECT imaging at 17 to 24 hr post-tracer injection, including three experiments with coinjection of the 123I-and 125I-radiolabeled tracer for direct comparison of autoradiography and SPECT, and three experiments in which animals were lesioned with the serotonergic neurotoxin (+/-)3,4-methyl-enedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). In addition, we evaluated the metabolism of the tracer in the brain and periphery. RESULTS SPECT images obtained at 17 and 24 hr reflected the known pattern of distribution of serotonin transporters and also showed close correspondence to the autoradiograms. Ratios of binding in the brain-stem to binding in the cerebellum were close to 3 at 17 hr. autoradiograms from an MDMA-treated animal showed up to 95% reductions of binding, while the SPECT data showed smaller reductions. Virtually all of the tracer in the brain stem was in the form of unmetabolized parent compound, but plasma showed rapid peripheral metabolism of the tracer. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that INQUIP SPECT images are sensitive measures of in vivo binding to the serotonin transporter, and support the further development of the tracer as a method for the in vivo study of serotonergic neurons in humans.
A Contest-Oriented Project for Learning Intelligent Mobile Robots

A contest-oriented project for undergraduate students to learn implementation skills and theories related to intelligent mobile robots is presented in this paper. The project, related to Micromouse, Robotrace (Robotrace is the title of Taiwanese and Japanese robot races), and line-maze contests was developed by the embedded control system research group of the Department of Electronic Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taiwan. It targets both those students who have to earn credits for a one-year special topics course and those who are just interested in making robots, and it is designed to motivate them to learn digital motion control, path planning, attitude correction, curvature detection and maze-solving algorithms. The students begin by getting acquainted with the development environment of microcontrollers, the characteristics of different sensors, and servomotor control techniques. Having learned these basic skills, they acquire further specific advanced skills and proceed to design their own mobile robots to compete in contests. The special topics course students' robots must pass examination by five teachers. Blogs and a wiki Web site for recording students' progress and experiences enhance the project's learning outcomes. Although not every student wins a prize in the contests, student feedback still shows that the contest-oriented project did motivate them to acquire the skills necessary to build and operate intelligent mobile robots.
Water Quality Conditions Associated with Cattle Grazing and Recreation on National Forest Lands

There is substantial concern that microbial and nutrient pollution by cattle on public lands degrades water quality, threatening human and ecological health. Given the importance of clean water on multiple-use landscapes, additional research is required to document and examine potential water quality issues across common resource use activities. During the 2011 grazing-recreation season, we conducted a cross sectional survey of water quality conditions associated with cattle grazing and/or recreation on 12 public lands grazing allotments in California. Our specific study objectives were to 1) quantify fecal indicator bacteria (FIB; fecal coliform and E. coli), total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, total phosphorus, and soluble-reactive phosphorus concentrations in surface waters; 2) compare results to a) water quality regulatory benchmarks, b) recommended maximum nutrient concentrations, and c) estimates of nutrient background concentrations; and 3) examine relationships between water quality, environmental conditions, cattle grazing, and recreation. Nutrient concentrations observed throughout the grazing-recreation season were at least one order of magnitude below levels of ecological concern, and were similar to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) estimates for background water quality conditions in the region. The relative percentage of FIB regulatory benchmark exceedances widely varied under individual regional and national water quality standards. Relative to USEPA’s national E. coli FIB benchmarks–the most contemporary and relevant standards for this study–over 90% of the 743 samples collected were below recommended criteria values. FIB concentrations were significantly greater when stream flow was low or stagnant, water was turbid, and when cattle were actively observed at sampling. Recreation sites had the lowest mean FIB, total nitrogen, and soluble-reactive phosphorus concentrations, and there were no significant differences in FIB and nutrient concentrations between key grazing areas and non-concentrated use areas. Our results suggest cattle grazing, recreation, and provisioning of clean water can be compatible goals across these national forest lands.
A fuzzy logic-based text classification method for social media data

Social media offer abundant information for studying people's behaviors, emotions and opinions during the evolution of various rare events such as natural disasters. It is useful to analyze the correlation between social media and human-affected events. This study uses Hurricane Sandy 2012 related Twitter text data to conduct information extraction and text classification. Considering that the original data contains different topics, we need to find the data related to Hurricane Sandy. A fuzzy logic-based approach is introduced to solve the problem of text classification. Inputs used in the proposed fuzzy logic-based model are multiple useful features extracted from each Twitter's message. The output is its degree of relevance for each message to Sandy. A number of fuzzy rules are designed and different defuzzification methods are combined in order to obtain desired classification results. We compare the proposed method with the well-known keyword search method in terms of correctness rate and quantity. The result shows that the proposed fuzzy logic-based approach is more suitable to classify Twitter messages than keyword word method.
ACE: An Accurate and Efficient Multi-Entity Device-Free WLAN Localization System

Device-free (DF) localization in WLANs has been introduced as a value-added service that allows tracking of indoor entities that do not carry any devices. Previous work in DF WLAN localization focused on the tracking of a single entity due to the intractability of the multi-entity tracking problem whose complexity grows exponentially with the number of humans being tracked. In this paper, we introduce ACE: a system that uses a probabilistic energy-minimization framework that combines a conditional random field with a Markov model to capture the temporal and spatial relations between the entities' poses. A novel cross-calibration technique is introduced to reduce the calibration overhead of multiple entities to linear, regardless of the number of humans being tracked. We design an efficient energy-minimization function that can be mapped to a binary graph-cut problem whose solution has a linear complexity on average and a third order polynomial in the worst case. We further employ clustering on the estimated location candidates to reduce outliers and obtain more accurate tracking in the continuous space. Experimental evaluation in two typical testbeds, with a side-by-side comparison with the state-of-the-art, shows that ACE can achieve a multi-entity tracking accuracy of less than 1.3 m. This corresponds to at least 11.8 percent, and up to 33 percent, enhancement in median distance error over the state-of-the-art DF localization systems. In addition, ACEcan estimate the number of entities correctly to within one difference error for 100 percent of the time. This highlights that ACE achieves its goals of having an accurate and efficient multi-entity indoors localization.
The fetal and neonatal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis

The hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands are dynamic endocrine organs during fetal development.1-3 The adrenal glands, in particular, exhibit remarkable transformation in size, morphology, and function during the prenatal and neonatal periods.2 3 It is now recognised that normal development of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is essential for: (1) the regulation of intrauterine homeostasis; and (2) the timely differentiation and maturation of vital organ systems including the lungs, liver, and central nervous system necessary for immediate neonatal survival after birth. In addition, acting together with the placenta, the HPA axis might indirectly control the normal timing of parturition in primates.1-3 The liberal use of exogenous antenatal and postnatal corticosteroids during pregnancy and early neonatal life have also raised concerns about potential adverse effects on the HPA axis and subsequent neurodevelopment.4 Thus, an understanding of the physiology and function of the HPA axis in intrauterine and extrauterine life is important for neonatologists. This article aims to provide an overview on the physiology of the glucocorticoid axis and the effects that exogenous corticosteroids have on this system. Hormone activity in the HPA axis can be detected between eight and 12 weeks of gestation, early in fetal development.1-3Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) is produced from the fetal hypothalamus and the placenta during pregnancy. It is the primary secretagogue controlling pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression and pituitary corticotroph secretion of adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH). 1 3 CRH regulates the growth of pituitary corticotrophs, adrenocortical differentiation, and steroidogenic maturation of the fetal HPA axis.3 It is also a potent vasodilator of the fetoplacental circulation and can potentiate the function of local mediators and hormones, such as prostaglandins and oxytocin, in increasing myometrial contractility during labour.1 The progressive increase in the concentration of CRH in fetal and maternal circulations at late gestation …
Erythropoietin treatment can prevent blood transfusion in infantile pyknocytosis

Infantile pyknocytosis is a neonatal syndrome described by Tuffy et al, 1959. The disease is characterized by a transient haemolytic anaemia associated with an increased number of irregularly contracted speculated erythrocytes morphological similar to acantocytoses, named pyknocytes. This form of anaemia has been generally considered as a rare disease (Carpentieri et al, 1977). However, a recent retrospective study has demonstrated that infantile pyknocytosis represents about 10% of the unexplained neonatal anaemias (Eyssette-Guerreau et al, 2006). In the study, the authors describe 14 cases of the disease and report that 11 over 14 cases required red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. Here, we describe, for the first time, two cases of severe infantile pyknocytosis in which the treatment with recombinant erythropoietin (rHu-Epo) was able to ameliorate significantly the clinical and hematological status thus preventing RBC transfusions. The research was approved by ‘‘Umberto 1’’ Hospital’s Institutional Review Board.
Hybrid Dynamic Modeling and MPPT Control for Photovoltaic Power Generation System

Photovoltaic power generation system had been paid more and more attention. Photovoltaic power generation system was a nonlinear system, which was decided by the nonlinear characteristic of photovoltaic cell and power electronic device. In this paper, according these nonlinear characteristic, hybrid system theory was discussed in the MPPT of photovoltaic system, photovoltaic energy converter MLD (Mixed Logic Dynamic) model was given, and, the predictive controller is designed based on the model. At last, the simulation results verified the validity of the model and the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
AN INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL CYCLIC POLLING MODEL

An alternative analysis of the classical M/G/1 cyclic order polling model is presented. We introduce the new Markov regenerative process framework, which provides a way to perform the analysis of the polling model on a unified, i.e. service discipline independent way. We derive the decomposition property and the general expressions of the stationary number of customers as well as the stationary waiting time. We show a unified way to reduce the analysis for finding the stationary number of customers at the polling epochs and demonstrate it on several known service disciplines. The tutorial character of the approach makes it appropriate to be used for an introduction.
Refinement Strategies for Inductive Leaming of Simple Prolog Programs

This paper extends Shapiro's Model Inference System for synthesizing logic programs from examples of input/output behavior. A new refinement operator for clause generation, based upon the decomposition of Prolog programs into skeletons, basic Prolog programs with a well-understood control flow, and techniques, standard Prolog programming practices is described. Shapiro's original system is introduced, skeletons and techniques are discussed, and simple examples are provided, to familiarize the reader with the necessary terminology. The Model Inference System equipped with this new refinement operator is compared and contrasted with the original version presented by Shapiro. The strengths and weaknesses of applying skeletons and techniques to synthesizing Prolog programs is discussed.
Invalidation: A Central Process Underlying Maltreatment of Women with Disabilities

ABSTRACT Recent qualitative studies indicate that maltreatment of women with disabilities by health care providers is a serious quality of care issue. To begin to address this problem, we conducted a secondary analysis of data derived from three qualitative studies of abuse of women with disabilities. Findings identified Invalidation as a central process underlying maltreatment. Invalidation was characterized by health care providers Taking Over care, Discounting, Objectifying, and Hurting women with disabilities during health care encounters. These findings highlight the need to educate health care providers about social and interpersonal aspects of disability and address the problem of Invalidation in health care settings.
Functions of Lipopeptides Bacillomycin D and Fengycin in Antagonism of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens C06 towards Monilinia fructicola

In previous studies, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens C06 has been proven to be effective in controlling brown rot of stone fruit caused by Monilinia fructicola. When tested in vitro, cell-free filtrate of B. amyloliquefaciens C06 significantly inhibited mycelial growth and conidial germination of the fungal pathogen. This study aimed to determine the role of the antifungal compound(s) in the cell-free filtrate of B. amyloliquefaciens C06 by an approach combining a DNA-based suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method with MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. It was demonstrated that B. amyloliquefaciens C06 harbored two genes, bmyC and fenD, involved in biosynthesis of bacillomycin D and fengycin, two lipopeptides belonging to the iturin and fengycin family, respectively. To determine the roles of bacillomycin D and fengycin of B. amyloliquefaciens C06 in suppressing M. fructicola, the mutants of B. amyloliquefaciens C06 deficient in producing bacillomy- cin D, fengycin or both were constructed, and evaluated in vitro together with the wild-type B. amyloliquefaciens C06. The results indicated that bacillomycin D and fengycin jointly contributed to the inhibition of conidial germination of M. fructicola, and fengycin played a major role in suppressing mycelial growth of the fungal pathogen.
Topic Modeling for Linked Open Vocabularies

One of the major issues still open in ontology reuse is how to help users to find the appropriate ontologies and terms for a certain application or domain of interest. In order to complement current ontology similarity-based techniques, topic modeling has the potential of allowing comparisons among ontologies not only on the basis of their lexical content, but also considering their latent semantic structure, by making emerge the topics that are implicit in their lexical descriptions. In this paper we propose a novel method that extracts the lexical contexts of a set of ontologies, annotates them with external senses connected to the Linked Open Data cloud, and uses these annotated contexts to train a probabilistic topic model. We evaluate the method both in terms of coherence of the extracted topics and in terms of its performance when clustering topic related ontologies.
Emulation and simulation of dynamic weighting signal

This paper discusses the researching process of simulating dynamic weighting signal in the aspect of signal on MATLAB, based on the conception and researching method of virtual instrument. The signal simulation includes parts of the production line, the mechanism of balance (a Second-Order Underdamped System), response of object, response of the mechanism and power frequency noise. This paper analyzes the structure of dynamic weighting device and mathematical model of the signal simulation structure in the background of dynamic monitoring of dynamic weighting on packing production line. Virtual instrument function is designed on MATLAB, the simulating signal is generated by MCU, D/A converters and RS232 serial interfaces. Users can get signal from the output channel of virtual instrument signal source according to the signal¿s feature, and send the signal to electronic measuring unit, and perform debugging and studying. Comparation is made between the simulate signal and the filed signal.
Using Formal Concept Analysis to Extract a Greatest Common Model

Data integration and knowledge capitalization combine data and information coming from different data sources designed by different experts having different purposes. In this paper, we propose to assist the underlying model merging activity. For close models made by experts of various specialities, we partially automate the identification of a Greatest Common Model (GCM) which is composed of the common concepts (core concepts) of the different models. Our methodology is based on Formal Concept Analysis which is a method of data analysis based on lattice theory. A decision tree allows to semi-automatically classify concepts from the concept lattices and assist the GCM extraction. We apply our approach on the EIS-Pesticide project, an environmental information system which aims at centralizing knowledge and information produced by different specialized teams.
User cooperation in wireless powered communication networks

This paper studies user cooperation in the emerging wireless powered communication network (WPCN) for throughput optimization. For the purpose of exposition, we consider a two-user WPCN, in which one hybrid access point (H-AP) broadcasts wireless energy to two distributed users in the downlink (DL) and the users transmit their independent information using their individually harvested energy to the H-AP in the uplink (UL) through time-division-multiple-access (TDMA). We propose user cooperation in the WPCN where the user that is nearer to the H-AP and in general has a better channel for DL energy harvesting as well as UL information transmission uses part of its allocated UL time and DL harvested energy to help relay the far user's information to the H-AP, in order to achieve more balanced throughput. We maximize the weighted sum-rate (WSR) of the two users by jointly optimizing the time and power allocations in the network for both wireless energy transfer in the DL and wireless information transmission and relaying in the UL. Simulation results show that the proposed user cooperation scheme can effectively improve the achievable throughput in the WPCN with desired user fairness.
Reference Switching (Iltifat) In Arabic and Its Translation into English: An Intertextual Analysis

One of the remarkable styles in the Arabic language especially in Qur? ānic discourse is reference switching (iltifāt). There are many types of reference switching (iltifāt) such as tense, number, gender, and case. However, the focus of this paper is on one personal reference switching which is the switch from the third person pronoun to the second person pronoun. The data is taken from sūrah al-Baqarah as the source text and its English translation by Ali (2008). This paper is concerned with applying the textual analysis approach which can provide valuable insights on reference switching (iltifāt) in the Qur? ānic discourse, its meaning and its translation into English by Ali. The paper will explore the strategies Ali used in his translation for reference switching from the third to the second person pronoun. In this study, it was found that the English translation is bound to miss important elements of meaning. The study also reveals that intertexuality helps translators identify and derive meaning from the surface features of the text in question by reference to other texts or text features they have previously come across. So in order to fully understand the Qur? ānic verse containing reference switching and render it accurately as possible into English, it is necessary to go through intertextual texts namely, exegeses that refer back to these reference switches like those by Al-Zamakhsharī , Abū-Sucūd , Al-Alūsī and others.
Western Blot: Technique, Theory, and Trouble Shooting

Western blotting is an important technique used in cell and molecular biology. By using a western blot, researchers are able to identify specific proteins from a complex mixture of proteins extracted from cells. The technique uses three elements to accomplish this task: (1) separation by size, (2) transfer to a solid support, and (3) marking target protein using a proper primary and secondary antibody to visualize. This paper will attempt to explain the technique and theory behind western blot, and offer some ways to troubleshoot.
Modeling and analyzing transportation systems based on ACP approach

The ACP (Artificial societies, Computational experiments and Parallel execution) approach has provided us an opportunity to look into new methods in addressing transportation problems from new perspectives. In this paper, we present our works and results of applying ACP approach in modeling and analyzing transportation system, especially carrying out computational experiments based on artificial transportation systems. Two aspects in the modeling process are analyzed. The first is growing artificial transportation system from bottom up using agent-based technologies. The second is modeling environment impacts in simple-is-consistent principle. Finally, two computational experiments are carried out on one specific ATS, Jinan ATS, and numerical results are presented to illustrate the applications of our method.