Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explaining the Adoption of Mobile Internet Applications

This study aims at investigating the adoption behavior of mobile Internet users in Greece. An integrated model comprising of seven factors was developed and tested through the execution of a national telephone survey (N=139). The results of the survey suggest that the emotional state of individuals while using mobile Internet, social influence from their peers, and their personal innovativeness comprise the predictive factors of adoption behavior. Moreover, the study reveals that performance expectancy is a strong predictor of mobile Internet adoption mediated through individuals’ emotional state. The paper concludes with a critical discussion of the results comparing the study findings with past mobile data services studies.
Rule-Based Compilation of Graphical Structures

Among the various types of decision support systems, decision-theoretic models and rule-based systems have gained considerable attraction. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages. Decision-theoretic models like decision networks dispose of a sound fundamental mathematical basis and comfortable knowledge engineering tools. Rule-based systems provide an efficient execution architecture and represent knowledge in an explicit, intelligible way. In this paper, we consider fuzzy rule-based systems as a special type of condensed decision model. We outline a knowledge transformation and compilation scheme which allows one to transform a decision-theoretic model into a fuzzy rule base and, hence, to combine the advantages of both approaches. An experimental example is given as demonstration of the described techniques.
Reporting Education: How Can We Do It Better?

News coverage of education has grown in prominence and influence in recent decades, as education has emerged as a key political issue throughout the world. Although education reporting has tended to be overlooked as a topic of inquiry among media studies and journalism scholars, it has increasingly been the focus of researchers in the field of education. A number of studies have made conclusions about the influence and impact of the news coverage of education, yet researchers have rarely considered how the frequently raised concerns about the nature of the coverage may be addressed. This article aims to provide some insights and recommendations based on the interviews with 25 Australian schoolteachers. The study was guided by the following research question: How do the Australian teachers perceive the news coverage of education? This article focuses on the main themes to emerge in relation to their key concerns about the nature of education reporting and their suggestions for changes and improvements. These findings are contextualized within the relevant literature, and implications and recommendations for journalism practice and journalism education are outlined.
Essays on trend inflation, nominal rigidity, and optimal monetary policy

To some extent, the common assumption of zero-in ation steady state in modern macro models is theoretically awed, empirically unfounded, and practically inconsistent. I build a medium-scale Generalised New Keynesian (GNK) model based on non-zero in ation steady state in order to study in ation persistence and the e ect of trend in ation. This GNK model exhibits much more dynamics than a standard NK model in several ways: a) NKPC becomes atter and more forward looking as trend in ation increases; b) price dispersion introduces huge inertia into the model as trend rises; c) backward looking feature is also present in the market wage equation, even though optimal reset wage is more forward looking. This model is then estimated using a Bayesian technique with quarterly US data from 1970 to 2017. The estimation results show the model is capable of capturing macro evidence in the postwar US, and annual trend in ation is estimated to be around 3 percent. Simulations show trend in ation does not generate signi cant alterations to macroeconomic dynamics under a moderately high degree of indexation, and this is consistent with the literature. However, once indexation is switched o , trend in ation alters the model dynamics in a very signi cant way: 1) in general, output and in ation uctuate much more heavily with higher trend in ation after most shocks; 2) in ation exhibits a hump-shaped response with four percent trend in ation or above after a transitory monetary policy shock; 3) in ation reacts less on impact but becomes much more persistent with higher trend in ation after a monetary shock. The welfare loss, timing of the maximum e ect and in ation persistence after a monetary policy shock provide very important implications to both economists and policy-makers.
Evaluation of the safety of rituximab in combination with a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor and methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: results from a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE To assess the safety of rituximab in combination with a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor and methotrexate (MTX) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Adult patients with active RA (≥ 5 swollen and ≥ 5 tender joints) receiving a stable dose of MTX (10-25 mg/week) and stable dose of TNF inhibitor (etanercept or adalimumab) for ≥ 12 weeks were randomized 2:1 to receive one course of rituximab or placebo, given intravenously at a dose of 2 × 500 mg. The primary end point was the proportion of patients developing ≥ 1 serious infection through week 24. RESULTS Fifty-one patients were treated with either rituximab or placebo in combination with background MTX and a TNF inhibitor. Baseline characteristics were generally balanced between groups, except for corticosteroid usage (36% in the rituximab arm versus 17% in the placebo arm). A serious infection (pneumonia) was observed in 1 patient (3%) in the rituximab group after 14.4 patient-years of exposure (6.95 events per 100 patient-years, 95% confidence interval 0.98-49.35), compared with none in the placebo group at week 24. Infections were reported in 18 patients (55%) and 11 patients (61%) in the rituximab and placebo groups, respectively. Grade 3 infections were reported in 3 patients (9%) receiving rituximab and in none of the patients receiving placebo. No grade 4 infections were observed, nor were there any opportunistic, fungal, or tuberculosis infections. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported in 2 rituximab-treated patients (pneumonia and coronary artery occlusion), whereas there were no SAEs reported in placebo-treated patients. At week 24, the percentage of patients achieving an American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) improvement response was 30% in the rituximab group compared with 17% in the placebo group, and ACR50 responses were achieved by 12% and 6% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSION The preliminary safety profile of rituximab in combination with a TNF inhibitor and MTX was consistent with the safety profile of rituximab in combination with MTX in other RA trials without a TNF inhibitor, with no new safety signals observed. SAEs were numerically more frequent in the rituximab group, and there was no clear evidence of an efficacy advantage in patients receiving rituximab in combination with a TNF inhibitor and MTX.
Posttraumatic growth moderates the effects of posttraumatic stress symptoms on adjustment and positive affective reactions in digestive system cancer patients

The study aims were twofold: (1) To investigate the associations of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) with adjustment and affective reactions of digestive system cancer patients and (2) To assess the moderating effects of PTG on the associations of PTSS with adjustment and affective reactions. The sample consisted of 200 respondents 1–4 years following diagnosis and treatment for digestive system cancer. Participants completed questionnaires assessing PTSS, PTG, adjustment, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA). The results showed that PTG was positively associated with adjustment and PA, while PTSS was negatively associated with these outcomes and positively associated with NA. Moderation effects of PTG were also observed: The negative associations between PTSS and adjustment or PA were weaker under high levels than under low levels of PTG. It was concluded that PTG is important both as a contributor to better adjustment and PA, as well as a moderator of the detrimental effects of PTSS on adjustment and PA following recovery from cancer. Thus, when developing post-cancer intervention programs, PTG should be viewed as a factor to be encouraged and nurtured for the benefit of cancer patients’ adjustment and their long-term well-being.
A DM domain protein from a coral, Acropora millepora, homologous to proteins important for sex determination

SUMMARY The identification and functional studies of DM domain‐containing proteins Doublesex, MAB‐3, and DMRT1 indicated that flies, nematodes, and humans share at least some of the molecular mechanisms of sex determination. We identified a gene, AmDM1, from the coral Acropora millepora that encodes a homologous DM domain‐containing protein. Molecular analyses show that the AmDM1 primary transcript is processed to generate four different messenger RNAs. Alternative use of two polyadenylation sites produces transcripts that vary only in the 3′ untranslated regions, whereas alternative splicing generates transcripts with and without the region coding for the DM domain. All the transcripts include a second motif, the DMA domain, which is found in a number of other proteins containing a DM domain. Hermaphroditic A. millepora differentiates sexual cells seasonally before the spring spawn, and Northern blot analysis shows that the AmDM1 transcripts are present at higher levels during sexual differentiation. The non‐DM domain‐containing messages are also present at significant levels in late embryos, but DM domain transcripts are extremely rare at this stage. These data suggest that the association of DM domain proteins and sexual determination or differentiation predates the separation of the Cnidaria from the rest of the Metazoa.
Gender Equity in STEM: Addressing the Disparities

Despite similar achievement levels, females continue to be underrepresented in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Given the strategic importance of these for New Zealand’s future, ensuring females have equitable access to education and careers in these sectors is vital for upholding diversity and equality. This literature review examines current research on gender disparities in STEM, and identifies three key contexts of gender interest in STEM: developing, maintaining, and retaining. These contexts are aligned to the primary, secondary, and tertiary, education sectors, within which current research on self-concept and self-efficacy, social belongingness, and stereotypes are investigated. A key finding of the importance of physical science exposure and experience for later female vocational interest and retention is identified. This and other outcomes from the literature, provide evidence for potential tangible strategies to encourage increased gender uptake in STEM.
Validation of an algorithm for identifying type 1 diabetes in adults based on electronic health record data

Algorithms using information from electronic health records to identify adults with type 1 diabetes have not been well studied. Such algorithms would have applications in pharmacoepidemiology, drug safety research, clinical trials, surveillance, and quality improvement. Our main objectives were to determine the positive predictive value for identifying type 1 diabetes in adults using a published algorithm (developed by Klompas et al) and to compare it to a simple requirement that the majority of diabetes diagnosis codes be type 1.
Capital Structure and Employee Pay: An Empirical Analysis

Tradeoff theory points to direct bankruptcy costs as the main reason for the observed low leverage in corporate capital structure. However, the empirical evidence does not justify direct bankruptcy costs as a sufficient disincentive to issue debt. Recent theoretical models suggest that indirect bankruptcy costs arising from human capital can be one disincentive to the use of debt. We empirically test the impact of leverage on labor costs, and explore whether human capital costs are large enough to limit the use of debt. We conduct our analysis using two measures of labor costs: the magnitude of CEO compensation and the average employee pay. In both simple OLS and instrumental variable regressions, we find that leverage has a significantly positive impact on CEOs’ cash, equity-based, and total compensation. To identify causality, we study the compensation of new CEOs who are hired from outside. We show that the pay of a newly hired CEO is positively affected by leverage. We also find that the leverage ratio has a significant and positive impact on average employee pay, in OLS, instrument variable regression, and Heckman two-step analysis. We show that the incremental total labor expenses associated with an increase in leverage is large enough to offset the incremental tax benefits of debt. In addition, the impact of leverage on average employee pay is positive and significant for old economy firms, but not for new economy firms; leverage has a significant and positive influence on CEOs’ cash, equity-based, and total compensation in old economy firms, although it does not have a significant influence on CEOs’ total or equity-based compensation in new economy firms. Overall, our analysis provides empirical support for the notion that labor costs limit the use of debt.
P1C-3 Correlation Estimator Compounding for Reduction of Variance in Elasticity Imaging of Arterial Wall

Pathological changes in arterial walls significantly influence their mechanical properties. We have developed a correlation-based method, the phased tracking method, for measuring the regional elasticity of the arterial wall. Using this method, elasticity distributions of lipids, blood clots, fibrous tissue, and calcified tissue have already been measured in vitro. However, these elasticity distributions were found to overlap each other, and this overlap worsens the tissue classification based on elasticity images. In this study, spatial compounding of the correlation estimator for estimating strain was introduced to reduce undesirable variances in elasticity distributions. To determine radial strain (change in thickness) of the arterial wall caused by heartbeat, a combination of two points are assigned along an ultrasonic beam, and the rate of the change in thickness between these two points (=layer) are estimated. Then, the combination of two points is slid along the ultrasonic beam with an interval of sampled points to obtain the spatial distribution. In this process, the initial distance between two points is set to be larger than the duration of ultrasonic pulse (eight times of the interval of sampled points), and the combination of two points is slid with an interval of sampled points. Therefore, layers, which are defined by the region between each combination of two points, overlap each other. In this study, complex correlation functions of overlapping layers are compounded to reduce the variance in estimated rates of changes in thickness. Temporal integration is applied to the estimated rate of change in thickness to obtain the radial strain and elastic modulus. Eighteen arteries (femoral and iliac) were measured in vitro. The change in internal pressure was applied using a flow pump. By comparing measured elasticity images with corresponding pathological images, elasticity distributions of lipids, blood clots, fibrous tissue, and calcified tissue (meanplusmnSD) were determined to be 67plusmn37, 105plusmn76, 989plusmn1359, and 1292plusmn839 kPa, respectively, by the previous phased tracking method. By the proposed method with spatial compounding, they were determined to be 89plusmn47, 131plusmn56, 1022plusmn1040, and 2267plusmn1228 kPa, respectively. The proposed spatial compounding suppressed variances and increased the difference among their mean elasticity. This result shows that the proposed method improves the tissue classification based on elasticity
Migration as mobility? An intersectional approach

ABSTRACT Within the inclusive approach of mobility studies, migration has been referred to as one of the most prominent forms of mobility. However, discussing all migrants’ experiences as just “mobile” experiences shadows the range and nuances of migration. This paper argues and illustrates how migration can be a form of mobility and also addresses migration as a much nuanced form of mobility that has been rather silent in existing literature. We examine one social condition that has informed a range of international migrants’ experiences: their (re)organization of gender patterns within the family on the basis of transnational realities. We use a multi-scalar model of intersectionality to conceptualise migratory movements as mobility, particularly when the meaning is assigned to it on the basis of power relationships. This way, we suggest a fruitful intersectional analysis of migration and mobilities.
Chirality plays critical roles in enhancing the aqueous solubility of nocathiacin I by block copolymer micelles

Objectives Although drug solubilization by block copolymer micelles has been extensively studied, the rationale behind the choice of appropriate block copolymer micelles for various poorly water‐soluble drugs has been of relatively less concern. The objective of this study was to use methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐polylactate micelles (MPEG‐PLA) to solubilize glycosylated antibiotic nocathiacin I and to compare the effects of chirality on the enhancement of aqueous solubility.
Genomic aberrations are rare in urothelial neoplasms of patients 19 years or younger

Urothelial neoplasms in patients 19 years of age or younger are rare, and the data regarding clinical outcome are conflicting. Molecular data are not available. Urothelial tumours from 14 patients aged 4 to 19 years were analysed, including FGFR3 and TP53 mutation screening, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), UroVysion FISH analysis, polymerase chain reaction for human papillomavirus (HPV), microsatellite analysis using the NIH consensus panel for detection of microsatellite instability (MSI) and six markers for loss of heterozygosity on chromosome arms 9p, 9q, and 17p and immunohistochemistry for TP53, Ki‐67, CK20 and the mismatch repair proteins (MRPs) hMSH2, hMLH1, and hMSH6. Based on the 2004 WHO classification, one urothelial papilloma, seven papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMPs), five low‐grade, and one high‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma were included. No multifocal tumours were found and recurrence was seen in only one patient with a urothelial papilloma. All patients were alive with no evidence of disease at a median follow‐up of 3.0 years. We found no mutations in FGFR3, deletions of chromosome arms 9p, 9q or 17p, MSI or MRP loss, or HPV positivity in any of the patients. Three cases showed chromosome alterations in CGH analyses, urothelial dedifferentiation with CK20 overexpression, or aneuploidy, and one TP53 mutation with TP53 overexpression was found. Urothelial neoplasms in people younger than 20 years are predominantly low grade and are associated with a favourable clinical outcome. Genetic alterations frequently seen in older adults are extremely rare in young patients. Urothelial neoplasms in children and young adults appear to be biologically distinct and lack genetic instability in most cases. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INI1 expression induces cell cycle arrest and markers of senescence in malignant rhabdoid tumor cells

The INI1 gene, which encodes a functionally uncharacterized protein component of the hSWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is often mutated or deleted in malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT). Two isoforms of INI1, that differ by the variable inclusion of nine amino acids, potentially are produced by differential RNA splicing. To determine the effect of the two INI1 isoforms on cell growth, INI1‐devoid (MRT) and INI1‐expressing cell lines were transfected separately with mammalian expression vectors or transduced with adenoviruses. Transfection of the short form of INI1 into either INI1‐deficient or expressing cell lines resulted in complete suppression of cell growth in colony formation assays. The longer splice variant induced moderate to severe growth suppression of MRT cells, but had a far milder effect on non‐MRT cells. Transduction of MRT cells with adenoviruses expressing either isoform of INI1 led to a dramatic change in morphology, growth suppression, and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, senescence‐associated proteins were up‐regulated after transduction, while levels of proteins implicated in cell cycle progression were down‐regulated. Adenoviral delivery of INI1 into a non‐MRT cell line, however, had no demonstrable effect on any of these parameters. These results support the genetic evidence that INI1 is a tumor suppressor gene gone awry in MRT cells, and also suggest that delivery of the INI1 gene to MRT cells by adenoviruses may lead to a more effective treatment of this highly aggressive malignancy. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The official estimates of poverty in Pakistan – What is wrong and why? – Illustrations using the Government of Pakistan’s Household Integrated Economic Survey 2010-11:

This paper aims to clarify the confusion over estimates of poverty in Pakistan1. The paper highlights the root causes of the confusion in the existing literature, which are based on estimates from the “nationally representative” data collected by the Federal Bureau of Statistics Household Integrated Economic Surveys (HIES). The paper uses the latest available HIES 2010-11 to illustrate and clarify these issues.
Walls talk: Microbial biogeography of homes spanning urbanization

Home microbes track space-use and reflect a decreasing exposure to environmental microbes due to urbanization. Westernization has propelled changes in urbanization and architecture, altering our exposure to the outdoor environment from that experienced during most of human evolution. These changes might affect the developmental exposure of infants to bacteria, immune development, and human microbiome diversity. Contemporary urban humans spend most of their time indoors, and little is known about the microbes associated with different designs of the built environment and their interaction with the human immune system. This study addresses the associations between architectural design and the microbial biogeography of households across a gradient of urbanization in South America. Urbanization was associated with households’ increased isolation from outdoor environments, with additional indoor space isolation by walls. Microbes from house walls and floors segregate by location, and urban indoor walls contain human bacterial markers of space use. Urbanized spaces uniquely increase the content of human-associated microbes—which could increase transmission of potential pathogens—and decrease exposure to the environmental microbes with which humans have coevolved.
Mining Time-Sensitive Queries and their Sensitivities from Query Log

In this paper, we present a new concept called time-sensitive query. A query is time-sensitive if the set of relevant pages changes when the query is expanded with different temporal terms. Knowing which queries are time-sensitive and what sensitivities they have can be very useful in automatic query expansion for improving search effectiveness and user experience. Existing methods related to time-sensitive query detection are more sudden event oriented and have limitations in detecting other kinds of time-sensitive queries and in determining the time sensitivity. We propose an approach to detecting time-sensitive queries and determining their time sensitivities. Our experiment shows that the approach works well. The accuracy of time-sensitive query detection can reach 92% and the accuracy of time sensitivity calculation can reach 93.12%.