Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Instrument for Time Resolved Measurement of HO2 Radicals

Abstract. OH and HO2 radicals are closely coupled in the atmospheric oxidation and combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Simultaneous measurement of HO2 yields and OH kinetics can provide the ability to assign site specific rate coefficients that are important for understanding the oxidation mechanisms of VOCs. By coupling a FAGE LIF detection system for OH and HO2 with a high pressure laser flash photolysis system, it is possible to accurately measure OH pseudo-first-order loss processes up to ~ 100 000 s−1 and to determine HO2 yields via time resolved measurements. This time resolution allows discrimination between primary HO2 from the target reaction and secondary production from side reactions. The apparatus was characterized by measuring yields from the reactions of OH with H2O2 (1 : 1 link between OH and HO2), with C2H4/O2 (where secondary chemistry can generate HO2), with C2H6/O2 (where there should be zero HO2 yield) and with CH3OH/O2 (where there is a well-defined HO2 yield). As an application of the new instrument, the reaction of OH with n-butanol has been studied at 293 and 616 K. The bimolecular rate coefficient at 293 K, (9.24 ± 0.21) × 10–12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, is in good agreement with recent literature, verifying that this instrument can both measure HO2 yields and accurate OH kinetics. At 616 K the regeneration of OH in the absence of O2, from the decomposition of the β-hydroxy radical, was observed, which allowed the determination of the fraction of OH reacting at the β site (0.23 ± 0.04). Direct observation of the HO2 product in the presence of oxygen has allowed the assignment of the α-branching fractions (0.57 ± 0.06) at 293 K and (0.54 ± 0.04) at 616 K); branching ratios are key to modelling the ignition delay times of this potential ‘drop-in’ biofuel.
Benchmarking of experimental setup for pressure drop calculation in a packed pebble bed using RELAP5

Pebble bed reactor (PBR) is one of High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR) having nuclear fuels formed by a number of pebbles containing uranium in the core. The PBR is the focus of this research since this type of HTGR is under development by BATAN in form of Experimental Power Reactor (EPR) since 2014. One of the challenges in designing the EPR as a PBR is to model the pebbles forming a bed in the core, since this pebble bed will determine the flow and heat transfer characteristics under certain core power and gas flow rate. One parameter under consideration is the pressure drop along the pebble bed as a function of gas velocity, which has been analyzed by building an experimental setup having different pebble diameters. The purposes of this work is to develop a model of the pebble bed experimental setup mentioned above using the RELAP5/SCDAP/Mod3.4 in order to study the RELAP5 capability in modelling the pebble bed core based on benchmarking of the simulation with the experimental results. The results show that values in determining the pressure drop coefficient (K) using RELAP5 can be estimated for the 1.25 cm, 2 cm, and 5 cm pebble diameter after comparing with experimental data. Those values, in particular for the 5 cm pebble diameter, which are related to the Reynolds number and different gas velocities, can be used in developing the model of EPR core having pebble diameter not far different from the experiment.
Stochastic and Coherence resonances in a modified Chua's Circuit System with Multi-scroll orbits

We numerically investigate the role of the number of equilibrium points (N) on characteristic features of stochastic and coherence resonances in a modified Chua's circuit model equation capable of generating multi-scroll orbits. Both types of resonances are found for 1 < N ≤ 20. Almost periodic switching between the scroll orbits is observed at resonance. The values of the signal-to-noise ratio (used to quantify stochastic resonance), the autocorrelation function and the ratio of the dominant peak and its relative width in the power spectrum of the output signal (used to characterize coherence resonance) at resonance increase with N, reaching a maximum at N = 6 and then decrease. The mean residence time of a scroll orbit at resonance decreases rapidly with N. We show that both resonances in the multi-scroll orbits can be useful for weak signal detection.
Fault tolerant Web service

Zwass (1996) suggested that middleware and message service is one of the five fundamental technologies used to realize electronic commerce (EC). The simple object access protocol (SOAP) is recognized as a more promising middleware for EC applications among other leading candidates such as CORBA. Many recent polls reveal however that security and reliability issues are major concerns that discourage people from engaging in EC transactions. We notice that the fault-tolerance issue is somewhat neglected in the current standard, i.e., SOAP 1.1. We therefore propose a fault tolerant Web service called fault-tolerant SOAP or FT-SOAP through which Web services can be built with higher resilience to failure. FT-SOAP is based on our previous experience with an object fault tolerant service (OFS) [Liang, D. et al., (1999)] and OMG's fault tolerant CORBA (FT-CORBA). There are many architectural differences between SOAP and CORBA. One of the major contributions of this work is to discuss the impact on FT-SOAP design due to these architectural differences. Our experience shows that Web services built on a SOAP framework enjoy higher flexibility as opposed to those built on CORBA. We also point out the limitations of the current feature sets of SOAP 1.1. We believe our experience is valuable not only to the fault-tolerance community, but also to other communities as well, in particular, to those who are familiar with the CORBA platform.
Short‐chain arabinoxylans prepared from enzymatically treated wheat grain exert prebiotic effects during the broiler starter period

Abstract Carbohydrate‐degrading multi‐enzyme preparations (MEP) are used to improve broiler performances. Their mode of action is complex and not fully understood. In this study, we compared the effect of water‐soluble fractions isolated at the pilot scale from wheat grain incubated with (WE) and without (WC) MEP. The fractions were incorporated in a wheat‐based diet (0.1% w/w) to feed Ross PM3 broilers and compared with a non‐supplemented control group (NC). The body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) until d 14 were determined. At d 14, ileal and cecal contents and tissue samples were collected from euthanized animals. The intestinal contents were used to measure the short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration using gas chromatography and to determine the abundance and composition of microbiota using 16S sequencing. Villi length of ileal samples was measured, while L‐cell and T‐cell densities were determined using immuno‐histochemistry. The MEP treatment increased the amount of water‐soluble arabinoxylans (AX) and reduced their molecular weight while retaining their polymer behavior. The WE fraction significantly (P < 0.05) increased FI by 13.8% and BWG by 14.7% during the first wk post hatch when compared to NC. No significant effect on FCR was recorded during the trial. The WE increased the abundance of Enterococcus durans and Candidatus arthromitus in the ileum and of bacteria within the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families, containing abundant butyrate‐producing bacteria, in the ceca. It also increased the concentration of SCFA in the ceca, decreased the T‐lymphocyte infiltration in the intestinal mucosa, and increased the glucagon‐like‐peptide‐2 (GLP‐2)‐producing L‐cell density in the ileal epithelium compared with WC and NC. No significant effects were observed on villi length. These results showed that AX present in the WE fraction altered the microbiota composition towards butyrate producers in the ceca. Butyrate may be responsible for the reduction of inflammation, as suggested by the decrease in T‐lymphocyte infiltration, which may explain the higher feed intake leading to improved animal growth.
A hierarchical analysis of the scaling of force and power production by dragonfly flight motors

SUMMARY Maximum isometric force output by single muscles has long been known to be proportional to muscle mass0.67, i.e to muscle cross-sectional area. However, locomotion often requires a different muscle contraction regime than that used under isometric conditions. Moreover, lever mechanisms generally affect the force outputs of muscle–limb linkages, which is one reason why the scaling of net force output by intact musculoskeletal systems can differ from mass0.67. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated that force output by intact musculoskeletal systems and non-biological systems is proportional to motor mass1.0. Here we trace the mechanisms that cause dragonflies to achieve a change from muscle mass0.67 scaling of maximum force output by single flight muscles to mass1.0 scaling of dynamic force output by the intact dragonfly flight motor. In eight species of dragonflies, tetanic force output by the basalar muscle during isometric contraction scaled as muscle mass0.67. Mean force output by the basalar muscle under dynamic conditions (workloops) that simulated in vivo maximum musculoskeletal performance was proportional to muscle mass0.83, a significant increase in the scaling exponent over that of maximum isometric force output. The dynamic performance of the basalar muscle and the anatomy of its lever, consisting of the second moment of area of the forewing (d2) and the distance between the muscle apodeme and the wing fulcrum (d1), were used to analyze net force output by the integrated muscle-lever system (Find). The scaling of d2 conformed closely to the expected value from geometic similarity (proportional to muscle mass0.31), whereas d1 scaled as muscle mass0.54, a significant increase over the expected value from geometric similarity. Find scaled as muscle mass1.036, and this scaling exponent was not significantly different from unity or from the scaling exponent relating maximum load-lifting by flying dragonflies to their thorax mass. Thus, the combined effect of a change in the scaling of force output by the muscle during dynamic contraction compared to that during isometric contraction and the departure from geometric similarity of one of the two lever arm lengths provides an explanation for how mass1.0 scaling of force output by the intact musculoskeletal system is accomplished. We also show that maximum muscle mass-specific net work and power output available scale as mass0.43 and mass0.24, respectively.
Using word semantics on entity names for correspondence set generation

On ontology Matching, many works make use of word semantics to align the ontologies. One commonly used resource is WordNet[4][5], which groups words that share the same meaning together. Thesaurus and lexicons like WordNet indeed provide rich semantic information but require large amounts of human effort to be created and maintained. Vector space representations of word semantics are a family of language models that associate words with vectors in a semantic space, where each dimension represents a component of the meaning of words[2][1][3]. The semantic similarity of words is exploited by these methods, providing vectors close in space when their related words are close in meaning. These vectors are usually calculated by a learning algorithm on large corpora like Wikipedia and then used to evaluate the similarity between two words. In this work, we exploit the word-word similarities in the GloVe model as external resources for Ontology Matching. The hypothesis is that two entities can be matched based on the words in their names using the word-word similarity provided by the model. We built a prototype and evaluated its performance against the baselines from OAEI.
Evidence for posttranslational modification and gene duplication of Campylobacter flagellin

A gene encoding a flagellin protein of Campylobacter coli VC167 has been cloned and sequenced. The gene was identified in a pBR322 library by hybridization to a synthetic oligonucleotide probe corresponding to amino acids 4 to 9 of the N-terminal sequence obtained by direct chemical analysis (S. M. Logan, L. A. Harris, and T. J. Trust, J. Bacteriol. 169:5072-5077, 1987). The DNA was sequenced and shown to contain an open reading frame encoding a protein with a molecular weight of 58,945 and a length of 572 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence was identical to the published N-terminal amino acid sequence of VC167 flagellin and to four internal regions whose partial sequences were obtained by direct chemical analysis of two tryptic and two cyanogen bromide peptides of VC167 flagellin. The C. coli flagellin protein contains posttranslationally modified serine residues, most of which occur within a region containing two 9-amino-acid repeating peptides separated by 34 unique amino acids. Comparisons with the sequences of flagellins from other bacterial species revealed conserved residues at the amino- and carboxy-terminal regions. Hybridization data suggest the presence of a second flagellin copy located adjacent to the first on the VC167 chromosome.
Submodule-Based Modeling and Simulation of a Series-Parallel Photovoltaic Array Under Mismatch Conditions

This paper presents a simple and theoretically sound submodule-based model to simulate the characteristics of a photovoltaic (PV) array with a series-parallel configuration. The proposed model can describe the behavior of bypass diodes as well as the full PV array characteristics under varying irradiance and temperature conditions. Rather than using the nonlinear system of equations solved with a Jacobian matrix, separate equations are employed to model the submodule-based PV array and solved by an easy-to-implement bisection search method. Consequently, the output current of the PV array can be readily determined when its output voltage, the irradiance levels, and temperature values of all submodules are given. The robustness and calculation efficiency of the proposed computational method are analyzed. Some test examples allow us to exhibit the acceptable accuracy of the proposed model. Special attention of this work is paid to the simulation approach to evaluate the electrical mismatch losses in large-scale PV arrays with nonuniform aging after several years of field operation and exposure.
Alignment of Stereoscopic 3 D Cameras to Real World Controls

Augmented reality has recently become more affordable and accessible due to the widespread availability of devices with orientation and displays. The technology behind augmented reality has been investigated since the 1960s, with the enabling technologies and techniques having been first use in cockpits and gunnery sights. Modern uses include finding locations of interest and in new entertainment experiences created for consumers. In this paper we survey the probblems particular to a specific augmented reality scenario and device, the Foresight, which allows see-through augmented reality without access to the controls of the device displaying the information. We present an approach that addresses the problems of alignment and adjustment, along with a set of avenues for investigation.
Muscle strength in the lower extremity does not predict postinstruction improvements in the landing patterns of female athletes.

STUDY DESIGN Preinstruction and postinstruction testing in a laboratory setting. OBJECTIVES To examine the predictive relationship between lower extremity muscle strength and the immediate postinstruction changes in landing patterns of female athletes. We hypothesized that greater strength would be associated with larger postinstruction improvements in landing patterns. BACKGROUND Female athletes in high-demand sports may be predisposed to anterior cruciate ligament injury because of poor landing patterns. Instruction has been shown to improve landing patterns. Lower extremity muscular strength may determine the potential for instruction to alter landing patterns. METHODS AND MEASURES Thirty-seven female collegiate athletes in high-demand sports participated. Strength was assessed in the following muscle groups: trunk extensors and flexors, hip abductors and extensors, knee flexors and extensors, and ankle plantar flexors. Strength testing was followed by kinetic and kinematic analysis of a drop vertical jump task. Athletes then received verbal instruction on how to improve their landing technique and were retested. Landing variables of interest were force absorption time, peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), peak knee flexion and abduction angle, and peak external knee abduction moment. Preinstruction and postinstruction landing variables data were compared. Linear regression models were created with strength values as independent variables and landing variables as dependent variables. RESULTS After instruction, athletes significantly increased their force absorption time and peak knee flexion angle, while decreasing their peak vGRF, peak knee abduction angle, and peak external knee abduction moment (P<.001). None of the regression models were statistically significant (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS A brief instructional session promotes short-term improvements in the landing patterns of collegiate female athletes, but muscular strength was a poor predictor of the improvements.
Mutational Analysis of α-β Subunit Interactions in the Delivery of Na,K-ATPase Heterodimers to the Plasma Membrane*

The β-subunit of the Na,K-ATPase is required to deliver functional αβ–heterodimers to the plasma membrane (PM) of baculovirus-infected insect cells. We have investigated the molecular determinants in the β-subunit for the assembly and delivery processes. Trafficking of both subunits was analyzed by Western blots of fractionated membranes enriched in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, and PM. Heterodimer assembly was evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation, and enzymatic activity was measured by ATPase assay. Elimination of enzymatic activity by D369A point mutation of the α-subunit had no effect on the compartmental distribution of the Na,K-ATPase, demonstrating that enzymatic functioning is not a prerequisite for PM delivery. Replacement of all three N-glycosylation site asparagines with glutamines produced no effect on the delivery to the PM or the activity of the enzyme, but increased susceptibility to degradation was observed. Analysis of β-subunits in which the disulfide bonds were removed through substitution reveals that the bridges are important for PM targeting but not for assembly of the heterodimer. Assembly is supported by β-subunits with greatly truncated extracellular domains. The presence of the amino-terminal domain and transmembrane segment is sufficient for assembly and PM delivery. Intermediate length truncated β-subunits and some disulfide bridge substitution mutants assemble with the α-subunit but are not able to exit the ER. We conclude that there are different and separable requirements for the assembly of Na,K-ATPase heterodimer complexes, exit of the dimer from the ER, delivery to the PM, and catalytic activity of the dimer.
Promoter-proximal pausing by RNA polymerase II in vitro: transcripts shorter than 20 nucleotides are not capped.

We have synthesized RNA from cloned adenovirus 2 late promoter DNA in an in vitro transcription extract under UTP-limiting conditions. Under these circumstances, almost all of the alpha-amanitin-sensitive RNA produced is shorter than 20 nucleotides; most of these short transcripts are present in four species, 6, 7, 13, and 17 nucleotides. These short RNAs are initiated at the adenovirus 2 promoter, as judged by partial sequence analysis and by the abolition of their synthesis upon cleavage of the template DNA at sites which also abolish the production of full-length transcripts. All of the short transcripts can be chased, with excess UTP, into 197-base run-off transcripts; thus, these RNAs are precursors of full-length transcripts and not synthetic "dead ends. " Significantly, none of these short RNAs is capped or 2'-O-methylated. However, 79-base run-off transcripts synthesized from this promoter with nonlimiting NTP levels are fully capped.
Support Vector Machine Classification Using Psychological and Medical-Social Features in Patients with Fibromialgya and Arthritis

The SVM classifier is a very powerful tool for helping to diagnose illnesses. Subjects can be classified according to certain characteristics related to pathology. In this paper, the aim is to undertake a classification of arthritis and fibromyalgia pathologies using medico-social and psychopathological characteristics obtained from questionnaires, with a very high classification percentage having been obtained. A 96.4035% success rate was obtained using the SVM classifier only by introducing the psychopathological characteristics. Only specific questionnaires could be put together and the subject diagnosed if they have either fibromyalgia or arthritis, whereby the cost of tests that these types of pathology entail might be considerably reduced.
Factor V Leiden Does Not Affect Bleeding in Aprotinin Recipients after Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Background:Carriers of the factor V Leiden mutation (FVL) are resistant to activated protein C proteolysis. Therefore, they are at increased risk of thromboembolic events. Aprotinin is an unspecific proteinase inhibitor frequently used during cardiac surgery procedures to reduce bleeding. However, aprotinin may cause thromboembolic complications after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The primary endpoint of this study was the amount of blood loss after CPB in aprotinin recipients, and secondary endpoints were thromboembolic complications. Methods:A total of 1,447 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB were prospectively enrolled. All patients were screened for FVL by a fluorescence-based polymerase chain reaction method. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations of FVL on bleeding and thromboembolic complications. Results:One hundred seven individuals (7.4%) were heterozygous FVL carriers. No difference was found between FVL carriers and noncarriers regarding age, sex, CPB, type of operation, EuroSCORE, antiplatelet treatment, and reoperation. FVL was not significantly associated with postoperative blood loss, whereas a significant influence was found for female sex (P < 0.0001), duration of CPB (P < 0.0001), reoperation (P = 0.001), and preoperative antiplatelet treatment (P < 0.002). Multiple linear regression analysis for total blood loss had an observed power of at least 99%. FVL carriers faced the same risk for postoperative transfusion (P = 0.391), reoperation (P = 0.675), myocardial infarction (P = 0.44), stroke (P = 0.701), and 30-day mortality (P = 0.4) as did noncarriers. Conclusions:These data suggest that FVL carriers do not have reduced blood loss compared with noncarriers. Furthermore, the combination of aprotinin and FVL does not enhance the risk for thromboembolic complications.