Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast-Decodable Asymmetric Space-Time Codes From Division Algebras

Multiple-input double-output (MIDO) codes are important in the near-future wireless communications, where the portable end-user device is physically small and will typically contain at most two receive antennas. Especially tempting is the 4×2 channel due to its immediate applicability in the digital video broadcasting (DVB). Such channels optimally employ rate-two space-time (ST) codes consisting of (4×4) matrices. Unfortunately, such codes are in general very complex to decode, hence setting forth a call for constructions with reduced complexity. Recently, some reduced complexity constructions have been proposed, but they have mainly been based on different ad hoc methods and have resulted in isolated examples rather than in a more general class of codes. In this paper, it will be shown that a family of division algebra based MIDO codes will always result in at least 37.5% worst-case complexity reduction, while maintaining full diversity and, for the first time, the nonvanishing determinant (NVD) property. The reduction follows from the fact that, similarly to the Alamouti code, the codes will be subsets of matrix rings of the Hamiltonian quaternions, hence allowing simplified decoding. At the moment, such reductions are among the best known for rate-two MIDO codes [5], [6]. Several explicit constructions are presented and shown to have excellent performance through computer simulations.simulations.
Search your memory ! - an associative memory based desktop search system

We present XSearcher, an associative memory based desktop search system, which exploits associations by creating semantic links of personal desktop resources from explicit and implicit user activities. With these links, associations among memory fragments can be built or rebuilt in a user's brain during a search. The personalized ranking scheme uses these links together with a user's personal preferences to rank results by both relevance and importance. XSearcher enhances traditional keyword based search systems since it is closer to the way that human associative memory works.
A robust macroscopic model for normal–shear coupling, asymmetric and anisotropic behaviors of polycrystalline SMAs

The aim of this article is to develop a robust macroscopic bi-axial model to capture self-accommodation, martensitic transformation/orientation/reorientation, normal–shear deformation coupling and asymmetric/anisotropic strain generation in polycrystalline shape memory alloys. By considering the volume fraction of martensite and its preferred direction as scalar and directional internal variables, constitutive relations are derived to describe basic mechanisms of accommodation, transformation and orientation/reorientation of martensite variants. A new definition is introduced for maximum recoverable strain, which allows the model to capture the effects of tension–compression asymmetry and transformation anisotropy. Furthermore, the coupling effects between normal and shear deformation modes are considered by merging inelastic strain components together. By introducing a calibration approach, material and kinetic parameters of the model are recast in terms of common quantities that characterize a uniaxial phase kinetic diagram. The solution algorithm of the model is presented based on an elastic-predictor inelastic-corrector return mapping process. In order to explore and demonstrate capabilities of the proposed model, theoretical predictions are first compared with existing experimental results on uniaxial tension, compression, torsion and combined tension–torsion tests. Afterwards, experimental results of uniaxial tension, compression, pure bending and buckling tests on NiTi rods and tubes are replicated by implementing a finite element method along with the Newton–Raphson and Riks techniques to trace non-linear equilibrium path. A good qualitative and quantitative correlation is observed between numerical and experimental results, which verifies the accuracy of the model and the solution procedure.
Attribute and Simile Classifiers for Face Verification ( In submission please do not distribute . )

We present two novel methods for face verification. Our first method – “attribute” classifiers – uses binary classifiers trained to recognize the presence or absence of describable aspects of visual appearance (e.g., gender, race, and age). Our second method – “simile” classifiers – removes the manual labeling required for attribute classification and instead learns the similarity of faces, or regions of faces, to specific reference people. Neither method requires costly, often brittle, alignment between image pairs; yet, both methods produce compact visual descriptions, and work on real-world images. Furthermore, both the attribute and simile classifiers improve on the current state-of-the-art for the LFW data set, reducing the error rates compared to the current best by 13.42% and 17.98%, respectively, and 24.29% when combined. For further testing across pose, illumination, and expression, we introduce a new data set – termed PubFig – of real-world images of public figures (celebrities and politicians) acquired from the internet. This data set is both larger (60,000 images) and deeper (300 images per individual) than existing data sets of its kind. Finally, we present an evaluation of human performance.
The Association Between NQO1 Pro187Ser Polymorphism and Urinary System Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis of 22 Studies

ABSTRACT Numerous studies have investigated the association between NQO1 Pro187Ser polymorphism and urinary system cancer risk, but the findings are inconsistent. To derive a more precise estimation of such association, we performed a meta-analysis based on 22 publications encompassing 5,274 cases and 6,459 controls. Overall, significant association was found between NQO1 Pro187Ser polymorphism and urinary system cancer risk. Moreover, stratified analysis observed a statistically significant association for bladder cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, Caucasians, Asians, and hospital-based studies. In summary, this meta-analysis indicated that NQO1 Pro187Ser polymorphism conferred genetic susceptibility to urinary system cancer.
Functional Metabolomics Reveals Novel Active Products in the DHA Metabolome

Endogenous mechanisms for successful resolution of an acute inflammatory response and the local return to homeostasis are of interest because excessive inflammation underlies many human diseases. In this review, we provide an update and overview of functional metabolomics that identified a new bioactive metabolome of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Systematic studies revealed that DHA was converted to DHEA-derived novel bioactive products as well as aspirin-triggered forms of protectins (AT-PD1). The new oxygenated DHEA-derived products blocked PMN chemotaxis, reduced P-selectin expression and platelet-leukocyte adhesion, and showed organ protection in ischemia/reperfusion injury. These products activated cannabinoid receptor (CB2 receptor) and not CB1 receptors. The AT-PD1 reduced neutrophil (PMN) recruitment in murine peritonitis. With human cells, AT-PD1 decreased transendothelial PMN migration as well as enhanced efferocytosis of apoptotic human PMN by macrophages. The recent findings reviewed here indicate that DHEA oxidative metabolism and aspirin-triggered conversion of DHA produce potent novel molecules with anti-inflammatory and organ-protective properties, opening the DHA metabolome functional roles.
Anti-in fl ammatory properties of prostaglandin E 2 : Deletion of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 exacerbates non-immune in fl ammatory arthritis in mice

Prostanoids and PGE2 in particular have been long viewed as one of the major mediators of inflammation in arthritis. However, experimental data indicate that PGE2 can serve both proand anti-inflammatory functions. We have previously shown (Kojima et al., J. Immunol. 180 (2008) 8361–8368) that microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) deletion, which regulates PGE2 production, resulted in the suppression of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. This suppression was attributable, at least in part, to the impaired generation of type II collagen autoantibodies. In order to examine the function of mPGES1 and PGE2 in a non-autoimmune form of arthritis, we used the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model in mice deficient in mPGES-1, thereby bypassing the engagement of the adaptive immune response in arthritis development. Here we report that mPGES-1 deletion significantly increased CAIA disease severity. The latter was associated with a significant ( 3.6) upregulation of neutrophil, but not macrophage, recruitment to the inflamed joints. The lipidomic analysis of the arthritic mouse paws by quantitative liquid chromatography/tandem mass-spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) revealed a dramatic ( 59fold) reduction of PGE2 at the peak of arthritis. Altogether, this study highlights mPGES-1 and its product PGE2 as important negative regulators of neutrophil-mediated inflammation and suggests that specific mPGES-1 inhibitors may have differential effects on different types of inflammation. Furthermore, neutrophil-mediated diseases could be exacerbated by inhibition of mPGES-1. & 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Lunar terrain reconstruction using PDEs

Based on the geometry features of lunar terrain, this paper treats lunar terrain reconstruction as a surface reconstruction problem. We define an energy functional model consisting of local energy term and smooth energy term for lunar terrain reconstruction. The solution to minimize the functional (by partial differential equations) is defined as the optimal surface. In the smooth energy term, we design a vector field of depth discontinuousness likelihood (VFDDL) to control the direction and degree of smoothing. Experiments indicate that accurate VFDDL can lead to an exact reconstructed surface. Thus, VFDDL transfers 3D terrain reconstruction into a 2D image processing problem. An innovative method is proposed to estimate VFDDL, using image local and statistical features. Experiments verify our method and show a good performance in terrain reconstruction.
PATHOLOGY AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF RABIES VIRUS IN FERRET BADGERS ASSOCIATED WITH A RABIES OUTBREAK IN TAIWAN

Abstract Until Rabies virus (RABV) infection in Taiwan ferret badgers (TWFB; Melogale moschata subaurantiaca) was diagnosed in mid-June 2013, Taiwan had been considered rabies free for >50 yr. Although rabies has also been reported in ferret badgers in China, the pathologic changes and distribution of viral antigens of ferret badger–associated rabies have not been described. We performed a comprehensive pathologic study and molecular detection of rabies virus in three necropsied rabid TWFBs and evaluated archival paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of six other TWFBs necropsied during 2004 and 2012. As in other RABV-infected species, the characteristic pathologic changes in TWFBs were nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis, ganglionitis, and the formation of typical intracytoplasmic Negri bodies, with the brain stem most affected. There was also variable spongiform degeneration, primarily in the perikaryon of neurons and neuropil, in the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brain stem. In nonnervous system tissues, representative lesions included adrenal necrosis and lymphocytic interstitial sialadenitis. Immunohistochemical staining and fluorescent antibody test demonstrated viral antigens in the perikaryon of the neurons and axonal or dendritic processes throughout the nervous tissue and in the macrophages in various tissues. Similar to raccoons (Procyon lotor) and skunks (Mephitidae), the nervous tissue of rabid TWFBs displayed widely dispersed lesions, RABV antigens, and large numbers of Negri bodies. We traced the earliest rabid TWFB case back to 2004.
Biological evaluation of 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles for cancer chemotherapy and its dependence on the carrier, PLGA

Nanoscaled devices have great potential for drug delivery applications due to their small size. In the present study, we report for the first time the preparation and evaluation of antitumor efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-entrapped poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles with dependence on the lactide/glycolide combination of PLGA. 5-FU-loaded PLGA nanoparticles with two different monomer combinations, 50-50 and 90-10 were synthesized using a modified double emulsion method, and their biological evaluation was done in glioma (U87MG) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cell lines. 5-FU-entrapped PLGA 50-50 nanoparticles showed smaller size with a high encapsulation efficiency of 66%, which was equivalent to that of PLGA 90-10 nanoparticles. Physicochemical characterization of nanoparticles using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction suggested the presence of 5-FU in molecular dispersion form. In vitro release studies showed the prolonged and sustained release of 5-FU from nanoparticles with both the PLGA combinations, where PLGA 50-50 nanoparticles showed faster release. Nanoparticles with PLGA 50-50 combination exhibited better cytotoxicity than free drug in a dose- and time-dependent manner against both the tumor cell lines. The enhanced efficiency of PLGA 50-50 nanoparticles to induce apoptosis was indicated by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Cell cycle perturbations studied using flow cytometer showed better S-phase arrest by nanoparticles in comparison with free 5-FU. All the results indicate that PLGA 50-50 nanoparticles possess better antitumor efficacy than PLGA 90-10 nanoparticles and free 5-FU. Since, studies have shown that long-term exposure of ailing tissues to moderate drug concentrations is more favorable than regular administration of higher concentration of the drug; our results clearly indicate the potential of 5-FU-loaded PLGA nanoparticles with dependence on carrier combination as controlled release formulation to multiplex the therapeutic effect of cancer chemotherapy.
A New Constructive Proof to the Existence of an Integer Zero Point of a Mapping with the Direction Preserving Property ∗

Let f : Zn → Rn be a mapping satisfying the direction preserving property that fi(x)> 0 implies fi(y) ≥ 0 for any integer points x and y with ∥x− y∥∞ ≤ 1. We assume that there is an integer point x0 with c ≤ x0 ≤ d satisfying that max 1≤i≤n (xi − x0 i ) fi(x)> 0 for any integer point x with f (x) ∕= 0 on the boundary of H = {x ∈ Rn ∣ c− e ≤ x ≤ d + e}, where c and d are two finite integer points with c ≤ d and e = (1,1, ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ,1)⊤ ∈ Rn. This assumption is implied by one of two different conditions for the existence of an integer zero point of the mapping in van der Laan et al. (2004). Under the assumption, there is an integer point x∗ ∈ H such that f (x∗) = 0. A constructive proof of the existence is derived from an application of the well-known (n+1)-ray algorithm for computing a fixed point. The existence result has applications in general equilibrium models with indivisible commodities.
Dissociation of Vasospasm and Secondary Effects of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Clazosentan

Background and Purpose— Endothelin receptor antagonists such as clazosentan decrease large-artery vasospasm after experimental and clinical subarachnoid hemorrhage. We used clazosentan to gain insight into the pathophysiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage by determining if decreasing vasospasm is associated with alleviation of other secondary complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage such as oxidative stress, endothelial nitric oxide synthase dysfunction, microthromboembolism, and neuronal injury. Methods— Mice were subjected to subarachnoid hemorrhage by injection of blood into the chiasmatic cistern. They were treated with clazosentan or vehicle by continuous intraperitoneal infusion for 48 hours. Middle cerebral artery vasospasm, superoxide anion radical, peroxynitrite, microthromboemboli, endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling, cerebral blood flow, neuronal injury, and mortality were assessed. Results— Clazosentan preserved cerebral blood flow, alleviated vasospasm, and decreased mortality but did not affect superoxide anion radical, peroxynitrite, or microthromboemboli in the brain. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and neuronal injury also were not reduced by clazosentan. Conclusions— This study shows large-artery vasospasm is pathophysiologically independent of some other effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage. The findings have implications for development of treatments for this disease.
A knowledge-based search engine powered by wikipedia

This paper describes Koru, a new search interface that offers effective domain-independent knowledge-based information retrieval. Koru exhibits an understanding of the topics of both queries and documents. This allows it to (a) expand queries automatically and (b) help guide the user as they evolve their queries interactively. Its understanding is mined from the vast investment of manual effort and judgment that is Wikipedia. We show how this open, constantly evolving encyclopedia can yield inexpensive knowledge structures that are specifically tailored to expose the topics, terminology and semantics of individual document collections. We conducted a detailed user study with 12 participants and 10 topics from the 2005 TREC HARD track, and found that Koru and its underlying knowledge base offers significant advantages over traditional keyword search. It was capable of lending assistance to almost every query issued to it; making their entry more efficient, improving the relevance of the documents they return, and narrowing the gap between expert and novice seekers.
Distributed consensus observer-based H∞ control for linear systems with sensor and actuator networks

This paper proposed a distributed consensus observer (DCO) based H∞ control method for a class of linear time-invariant (LTI) continuous systems with a sensor and actuator network (SAN). The communication topology of the SAN under consideration is represented by a directed graph, in which the sensor nodes are not able to acquire all the control inputs applied to the target system from the actuator nodes. To overcome this difficulty, a set of novel DCOs embedded in the sensor nodes and a set of DCO-based controllers embedded in the actuator nodes are initially constructed to estimate and control the state of the target system in a fully distributed way, respectively. The constructed DCOs take full advantage of their consensus property and replace the unavailable control inputs with the approximate ones computed on the basis of the state estimates of the underlying sensor node and its neighboring sensor nodes. Subsequently, a design method of DCO-based H∞ control is proposed in terms of bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) to ensure that the closed-loop system is exponentially stable while satisfying a prescribed overall H∞ performance of disturbance attenuation. Moreover, in order to make attenuation level as small as possible, a suboptimal H∞ control design problem is formulated as a BMI optimization problem, and a modified path-following method is provided for solving this problem by using the existing linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization techniques. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Clinicopathological analysis of transplant glomerulopathy cases

Abstract: Introduction: Transplant glomerulopathy (TG) is involved in the criteria of chronic active antibody‐mediated rejection (c‐AMR) in Banff 07 classification. In this report, we discuss the clinico‐pathological analysis of TG cases after renal transplantation, and analysis of whether all TG cases are applied to c‐AMR.
Fusion of small footprint LiDAR and multispectral data to estimate plot-level volume and biomass in deciduous and pine forests in Virginia, USA

The principal study objective was to explore the feasibility of using small- footprint lidar data and multispectral imagery to estimate forest volume and biomass on small (0.017-ha) plots. In addition, the spatial dependency of residuals between ground-mea- sured and lidar-estimated variables was investigated. The lidar data set was acquired over deciduous and pine stands in the southeastern United States. Individual trees were identified on the lidar-derived canopy height model by local maximum focal filtering with both square and circular windows of variable size. The size of the dynamically varying window was based on the height of the canopy and the taxonomic group as derived from coregistered multi- spectral optical data. Lidar-measured parameters at an individual tree level (height, crown diameter) were used with regression models and cross validation to estimate plot-level field inventory data, including volume, biomass, basal area, and diameter at breast height (dbh). Maximum R 2 values for estimating biomass were 0.32 for deciduous trees (RMSE 44 Mg/ha) and 0.82 for pines (RMSE 29 Mg/ha). When estimating volume, maximum R 2 values for deciduous trees were 0.39 (RMSE 52.84 m 3 /ha) and 0.83 for pines (RMSE 47.9 m 3 /ha). Calculation of Moran's I coefficient for each regression model revealed a lack of significant autocorellation of the residuals at 0.05 level. Both model fit and prediction for volume and biomass models for deciduous and pine plots indicated that the circular window shape is more appropriate to locate individual trees with lidar. Using the fused data set, lidar and optical imagery, as opposed to using lidar data alone, always improved biomass and volume estimates for pines and in some cases for deciduous plots as well. FOR . S CI. 50(4):551-565.
Improved frequency reuse schemes with horizontal sector offset for LTE

Macrocellular networks with frequency reuse across sectors of the same eNodeB and neighbouring eNodeBs suffer from high interference at the cell boundaries, resulting in an uneven distribution of User Equipment (UE) throughputs. Recently, it has been shown that for two-carrier HSDPA networks a horizontal sector offset configuration for the second carrier can significantly enhance network performance at the cost of an increased number of handovers. In this paper, this sector offset configuration is extended to LTE through a novel approach, which allows deploying offset antennas in eNodeBs without significantly increasing the number of handovers. The proposed sector offset configuration is compatible with current channel dependent schedulers, and provides significant gains. Simulation results show that for LTE the proposed sector offset configuration can increase the average UE throughput and 5%-tile UE throughput by up to 22% and 32%, respectively, while slightly increasing the number of handovers compared to the traditional eNodeB configuration. Moreover, results show that the new configuration can significantly reduce the handover failure rate by up to 69%.
Modified Buck Boost Circuit for Linear and Non-Linear Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

— Plenty researches have reported techniques to harvest energy from piezoelectric transducer. In the earlier years, the researches mainly report linear energy harvesting techniques whereby interface circuitry is designed to have input impedance that match with the impedance of the piezoelectric transducer. In recent years non-linear techniques become more popular. The non-linear technique employs voltage waveform manipulation to boost the available-for-extraction energy at the time of energy transfer. The fact that non-linear energy extraction provides larger available-for-extraction energy doesn’t mean the linear energy extraction is completely obsolete. In some scenarios, such as where initial power is not available, linear energy extraction is still preferred. A modified Buck Boost circuit which is capable of harvesting piezoelectric energy using both linear and non-linear techniques is reported in this paper. Efficiency of at least 64% can be achieved using this circuit. For linear extraction, the modified Buck Boost circuit is controlled using a fix frequency and duty cycle clock. A voltage sensor and a pulse generator are added as the controller for the non-linear extraction technique.