Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embedding and canonizing graphs of bounded genus in logspace

Graph embeddings of bounded Euler genus (that means, embeddings with bounded orientable or nonorientable genus) help to design time-efficient algorithms for many graph problems. Since linear-time algorithms are known to compute embeddings of any bounded Euler genus, one can always assume to work with embedded graphs and, thus, obtain fast algorithms for many problems on any class of graphs of bounded Euler genus. Problems on graphs of bounded Euler genus are also important from the perspective of finding space-efficient algorithms, mostly focusing on problems related to finding paths and matchings in graphs. So far, known space-bounded approaches needed the severe assumption that an embedding is given as part of the input since no space-efficient embedding procedure for nonplanar graphs was known. The present work sidesteps this assumption and shows that embeddings of any bounded Euler genus can be computed in deterministic logarithmic space (logspace); allowing to generalize results on the space complexity of path and matching problems from embedded graphs to graphs of bounded Euler genus. The techniques developed for the embedding procedure also allow to compute canonical representations and, thus, solve the isomorphism problem for graphs of bounded Euler genus in logspace.
Wms-r patterns among patients with unilateral brain lesions

Abstract The effects of unilateral brain lesions on memory functioning were examined among a sample of 115 patients with well lateralized lesions using the new Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R). Multivariate analysis of the WMS-R age-corrected summary indexes for the patients with right-(n = 56) and left-(n = 59) hemisphere lesions was significant (p<.008), although subsequent univariate comparisons revealed that only the Verbal Memory Index was significant (p<.009). Multivariate analysis of the 13 individual WMS-R subtest scores was also significant (p<.03), with four univariate group comparisons being significant at p<. 05. Because the WMS-R offers verbal and nonverbal analogs for five memory dimensions (span of memory, immediate and delayed recall of complex material, and immediate and delayed paired associate learning), it was possible to examine the subjects modality-specific performance patterns using a repeated measures MANOVA. The results yielded a significant multivariate interaction (p<.004),.
Do futures markets help in price discovery and risk management for commodities in India

In 2003, trading of commodity futures shifted from single commodity, regional exchanges to national exchanges that trade multiple commodities. This paper examines price discovery and hedging effectiveness of commodity futures after this change and concludes that,on average, futures prices do discover information relatively efficiently, but helps to manage risk less efficiently. The paper uses the viewpoint of the hedger to conjecture what factors may improve hedging effectiveness. These include high settlement costs caused by few and widely dispersed delivery centers and an unreliability of warehouse receipts,a mismatch between the grade specified in the futures contract and what is available for delivery in the market, and disruptions caused by various policy interventions in both commodities spot and futures markets.
Flow and Emotional Experience in Spirituality

This study seeks to compare flow and emotional experience in interactive and coactive collective rituals. For such purpose, a correlational study was performed collecting self-report measures of flow, positive emotions, and social identity in three different social collective gatherings: the Sunday celebration of a Catholic mass (N = 57), a Zen Buddhist meditation practice (N = 50), and secular Sunday group activities (N = 37). Results show the presence of flow in all three contexts, being higher in the interactive social situations (the Catholic mass and other Sunday group activities) than in the coactive one (the Zen meditation practice). Positive emotions are also higher in the interactive situations than in the coactive one. Regarding self-transcendent emotions, there is more inspiration in the Zen meditation practice and more hope in the Catholic mass. Flow and positive emotions are positively correlated in all three contexts. Specifically in the Zen meditation practice, flow, positive emotions, loss of self-consciousness, and social identity are positively correlated.
Hyperintense plaque identified by magnetic resonance imaging relates to intracoronary thrombus as detected by optical coherence tomography in patients with angina pectoris

Aims Many investigators have speculated that hyperintense plaques (HIPs) of the carotid artery on non-contrast T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) in magnetic resonance indicate the presence of mural or intraplaque haemorrhage containing methemoglobin. Coronary plaque imaging with T1WI is challenging, and the clinical significance of coronary HIP on T1WI remains unknown. The aim of this study was to compare HIPs on T1WI with coronary plaque morphology assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT), which allows us to identify not only plaque rupture, but also fibrous cap thickness and intracoronary thrombus in vivo, in patients with angina pectoris. Methods and results Twenty-six lesions from 26 patients with either stable or unstable angina pectoris were examined in this study. All patients underwent T1WI within 24 h before the day on which invasive coronary angiography was performed, and pre-interventional OCT was performed on a native atherosclerotic lesion, considered to be the culprit lesion. Of the 26 lesions studied, 16 (62%) were HIPs and 10 (38%) were non-HIPs. The signal intensity of the coronary plaque to cardiac muscle ratio in HIPs was significantly higher than that in non-HIPs. There were no significant differences in the frequency of lipid-rich plaque, thin-cap fibroatheroma, plaque rupture, and calcification between HIPs and non-HIPs. In contrast, the frequency of thrombus was significantly higher in HIPs than in non-HIPs (P = 0.004). Conclusion This study shows that the HIPs on T1WI in angina patients relate to the presence of intracoronary thrombus as detected by OCT imaging.
Fast and accurate point cloud registration by exploiting inverse cumulative histograms (ICHs)

The automatic and accurate alignment of captured point clouds is an important task for digitization, reconstruction and interpretation of 3D scenes. Standard approaches such as the ICP algorithm and Least Squares 3D Surface Matching require a good a priori alignment of the scans for obtaining satisfactory results. In this paper, we propose a new and fast methodology for automatic point cloud registration which does not require a good a priori alignment and is still able to recover the transformation parameters between two point clouds very accurately. The registration process is divided into coarse registration based on 3D/2D correspondences and fine registration exploiting 3D/3D correspondences. As the reliability of single 3D/2D correspondences is directly taken into account by applying Inverse Cumulative Histograms (ICHs), this approach is also capable to detect reliable tie points, even when using noisy raw point cloud data. The performance of the proposed methodology is demonstrated on a benchmark dataset and therefore allows for direct comparison with other already existing or future approaches.
Identification of a neurovascular signaling pathway regulating seizures in mice

A growing body of evidence suggests that increased blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability can contribute to the development of seizures. The protease tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been shown to promote BBB permeability and susceptibility to seizures. In this study, we examined the pathway regulated by tPA in seizures.
Afferent regulation of neurons in the brain stem auditory system.

We have reviewed a series of experiments which begin to examine the cellular events underlying afferent regulation of neuronal structure. Our initial interest in such experiments stemmed from a desire to understand the cellular nature of experiential influences on brain development. While this remains a long-range goal, it's elusive nature has become increasingly apparent; how will we know when such a goal is achieved? On the other hand, it has become increasingly clear that by approaching this question as a subset of the larger problem of tissue interactions regulating nervous system structure and function, some progress is possible. In this respect, understanding afferent regulation is part and parcel of understanding "competition. " Both exemplify the fact that we are dealing with a dynamic system, where changes in the balance of extracellular factors result in a cascade of events defining a new "steady state. " Unfortunately, most of our methods are limited to taking "snap-shots" of a few parameters and attempting to reconstruct an epic. Our analyses of the postsynaptic events following cochlea removal have only scratched the surface. They are beginning to reveal myriad cellular processes that are dramatically altered by changing the balance of synaptic activity, or "synaptic drive," in a neuronal system. We have been continually struck by the rapidity of these postsynaptic changes when the manipulations are performed on immature animals. While the kinetics of metabolic and structural events we have studied do not yet match those of ionic events involved in information transmission, the two classes of intercellular communication are coming much closer. Some neuromodulators can alter synaptic currents for up to many seconds, and we have shown that altering afferent activity can cause changes in protein synthesis within a few minutes. The merging of these two classes of phenomena should come as no surprise since our studies and many others have definitively linked a variety of metabolic and structural events to changes in the synaptic drive between two neurons. On the other hand, this progress does highlight the need for increased attention to the short-term changes following manipulations of afferent activity. Hopefully such studies will lead to an understanding of the intracellular chain of events responsible for the regulation of neuronal form. A second area of interest has been the age restrictions on the events we have studied. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Number and size of islets of Langerhans in pregnant, human growth hormone-expressing transgenic, and pituitary dwarf mice: effect of lactogenic hormones.

To determine the effects of lactogenic hormones on pancreatic islet size and numbers, islets of 3-month-old female mice were intravitally stained by an ip injection of an alkaline-alcohol solution of diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone; 100 micrograms/g BW). After 15 min, animals were killed, and pancreases were removed, diced, cleared in glycerol, and whole mounted on slides. Major and minor axes of Zn dithizoate-stained islets were measured at x40 magnification. Islet areas and volumes were calculated. Animals and appropriate controls studied included 16-day pregnant, two lines of human GH-expressing transgenic, and two lines of pituitary PRL- and GH-deficient dwarf mice. Islet numbers per pancreas ranged from about 500-1200 in all groups except the transgenic mice, in which two of five animals in one group and one of five in the other showed significant increases in islet numbers (> 3 x SD control mean). In all cases, significant (P < 0.05) changes in both islet area and volume occurred. Area increased 2-fold in both pregnant and transgenic mice and decreased by a similar amount in dwarf mice. Islet volume increased 2- and 3-fold in pregnant and transgenic animals, respectively, and decreased 2- to 5-fold in dwarf mice. Analysis of the distributions of islet sizes revealed that almost all of the volume increases in the pregnant and transgenic mice and the decreases in dwarf mice were accounted for by alterations in the numbers and sizes of large (diameter, > 150 microns) islets. Our results with dwarf mice show that maintenance of islet numbers is not dependent upon pituitary PRL or GH; however, results with transgenic mice suggest that prolonged high levels of lactogens may induce islet neogenesis. The islet area and volume results for all of the mice studied support the hypothesis that lactogenic hormones are potent regulators of islet mass.
The Effect of Poststroke Delirium on Short-Term Outcomes of Elderly Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation

Objectives: Delirium is a common poststroke complication, but its prevalence and effect in rehabilitation settings is unknown. We retrospectively assessed the prevalence of delirium in elderly patients undergoing poststroke rehabilitation and its association with short-term outcomes. Methods: All patients (aged ≥65 years) admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation between November 2007 and October 2011 after a recent stroke were screened for delirium. Delirium was diagnosed using the confusion assessment method. Multiple logistic regressions were used to evaluate the association between delirium, institutionalization, and inhospital death, while multiple linear regressions were used for the association between delirium and functional recovery, defined in 3 different ways which include (1) measuring the relative functional gain of the Barthel index (BI-RFG); (2) the change in Barthel index (BI) walking subscore from admission to discharge; and (3) the change in Tinetti score from admission to discharge. Results: In all, 58 (33%) patients of the total 176 patients were consecutively admitted to our department with delirium. After adjustment for potential confounders, poststroke delirium (PSD) was an independent predictor of institutionalization (odds ratio [OR] = 7.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.79 to 10.91; P ≤ .0003) and inhospital death (OR = 4.26; 95% CI = 1.15 to 15.81; P = .03); PSD was not a predictor of functional recovery at discharge, neither using the BI-RFG (P = .96) nor using the change from admission to discharge of both the BI walking subscore (P = .57) and the Tinetti score (P = .61) as outcome measures. Conclusions: In elderly patients undergoing poststroke rehabilitation, delirium is an independent predictor of institutionalization and inhospital death, but it does not affect functional recovery.
The 5-Year Onset and Regression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Purpose To determine the rate and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) onset and regression in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods This is a 5-year community-based prospective study. The demographic information, systemic examination results and ophthalmological test results of each participant were collected. The study outcomes were DR incidence, defined as the onset of DR in at least one eye, and DR regression, defined as full regression from existing DR to no retinopathy without invasive treatments. The associations between each potential risk factor and the outcomes were studied. Results In total, 778 participants were enrolled. There were 322 patients without DR at baseline, of which 151 participants developed DR during follow-up (DR incidence rate = 46.89%). Baseline hyperglycemia and high blood pressure were two independent risk factors associated with DR incidence. Among the 456 participants with existing DR at entry, 110 fully recovered after 5 years (DR regression rate = 24.12%). Low baseline glucose and low serum triglyceride were two independent factors associated with DR regression. Conclusions DR incidence occurred more frequently in patients with hyperglycemia and high blood pressure. DR regression occurred mostly in patients with lower glucose and lower serum triglyceride levels among Chinese type 2 diabetes patients.
A Quasi-Universal Nonword Repetition Task as a Diagnostic Tool for Bilingual Children Learning Dutch as a Second Language.

PURPOSE This study evaluated a newly developed quasi-universal nonword repetition task (Q-U NWRT) as a diagnostic tool for bilingual children with language impairment (LI) who have Dutch as a 2nd language. The Q-U NWRT was designed to be minimally influenced by knowledge of 1 specific language in contrast to a language-specific NWRT with which it was compared. METHOD One hundred twenty monolingual and bilingual children with and without LI participated (30 per group). A mixed-design analysis of variance was used to investigate the effects of LI and bilingualism on the NWRTs. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were conducted to evaluate the instruments' diagnostic value. RESULTS Large negative effects of LI were found on both NWRTs, whereas negative effects of bilingualism only occurred on the language-specific NWRT. Both instruments had high clinical accuracy in the monolingual group, but only the Q-U NWRT had high clinical accuracy in the bilingual group. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the Q-U NWRT is a promising diagnostic tool to help identify LI in bilingual children learning Dutch as a 2nd language. The instrument was clinically accurate in both a monolingual and bilingual group of children and seems better able to disentangle LI from language disadvantage than more language-specific measures.
Itinerary profiling to analyze a large number of protein-folding trajectories

Understanding how proteins fold through a vast number of unfolded states is a major subject in the study of protein folding. Herein, we present itinerary profiling as a simple method to analyze molecular dynamics trajectories, and apply this method to Trp-cage. In itinerary profiling, structural clusters included in a trajectory are represented by a bit sequence, and a number of trajectories, as well as the structural clusters, can be compared and classified. As a consequence, the structural clusters that characterize the foldability of trajectories were able to be identified. The connections between the clusters were then illustrated as a network and the structural features of the clusters were examined. We found that in the true folding funnel, Trp-cage formed a left-handed main-chain topology and the Trp6 side-chain was located at the front of the main-chain ring, even in the initial unfolded states. In contrast, in the false folding funnel of the pseudo-native states, in which the Trp6 side-chain is upside down in the protein core, Trp-cage had a right-handed main-chain topology and the Trp side-chain was at the back. The initial topological partition, as determined by the main-chain handedness and the location of the Trp residue, predetermines Trp-cage foldability and the destination of the trajectory to the native state or the pseudo-native states.
A proposed method to evaluate and compare fault predictions across studies

Studies on fault prediction often pay little attention to empirical rigor and presentation. Researchers might not have full command over the statistical method they use, full understanding of the data they have, or tend not to report key details about their work. What does it happen when we want to compare such studies for building a theory on fault prediction? There are two issues that if not addressed, we believe, prevent building such theory. The first concerns how to compare and report prediction performance across studies on different data sets. The second regards fitting performance of prediction models. Studies tend not to control and report the performance of predictors on historical data underestimating the risk that good predictors may poorly perform on past data. The degree of both fitting and prediction performance determines the risk managers are requested to take when they use such predictors. In this work, we propose a framework to compare studies on categorical fault prediction that aims at addressing the two issues. We propose three algorithms that automate our framework. We finally review baseline studies on fault prediction to discuss the application of the framework.
A preamble-aided symbol and frequency synchronization scheme for OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is considered to be an appealing modulation technique for high-speed wireless communication systems owing to its spectral efficiency and robustness against multipath fading. However, an OFDM system is very sensitive to synchronization and a small frequency or timing offset may cause a large intercarrier interference (ICI), leading to a dramatic degradation in system performance. The paper presents an efficient symbol and frequency synchronization scheme for OFDM systems that is compatible with the IEEE 802.16a standard. A timing algorithm is proposed based on the preamble defined in IEEE 802.16a. The conjugate symmetry of the preamble structure is exploited to reduce computational complexity. It is shown that the new scheme not only reduces the estimation error significantly, but also allows for independent symbol synchronization compared to the conventional methods where fine timing usually has to be done after the frequency offset correction.
A 3-D study of eddy current field and temperature rises in a compact bus duct system

In this paper, a three-dimensional eddy-current field model for calculating the eddy-current losses in a compact bus duct system is proposed. The temperature rises in the compact bus duct system, including both the long linear section and connecting unit, are evaluated using finite-element method when solving the governing thermal equations. The contact resistance between copper conductors and the corresponding temperature rises are measured in the test also. The computations are validated by test results and the results confirm the proposed algorithm is accurate and practical
The Rise of Think Tanks in China

critiquing a range of policies of the Hong Kong government regarding air pollution, attempts to introduce a national education syllabus into schools, as well as the influx of mainland Chinese immigrants into the territory. Although some of these tracks have been composed by prominent semi-underground artists from the Cantorap group LMF (or LazyMuthaFucka), new sounds have also emerged from cyberspace. One particular clip that has gained international press attention goes by the title of “The World of Locusts” in reference to the allegedly ungracious behavior of the mainland Chinese tourists in the city, who have also been accused of buying up even daily necessities like milk powder. It is therefore a missed opportunity for the authors not to be able to catch part of the new sonic epoch in Cantopop’s evolution, at least in a postscript if not a chapter. Lastly, however minor it may seem linguistically, it is also crucial for the authors to decide on the types of Romanization of Chinese characters and names in this book. There has been an inconsistent usage of both the traditional Cantonese as well as the mainland Chinese Hanyu Pinyin throughout the discussion. More than just an expression, the use should be treated carefully to maintain the sociocultural integrity of the subjects and to protect the unique Cantonese identity, which the authors have emphasized to be casually scripted, and Mandarized under Putonghua. Overall, for the refreshingly penetrating insights and critical dissections and juxtaposition between text, space, memory, body, and gender, Chow and de Kloet’s Sonic Multiplicities helps change the linearity of Cantopop from the more conventional “rise and fall” narrative. Rather, even with the looming presence of the increasingly politically overbearing China seeking to totalize and unify, the story of Cantopop can be seen in the past as well as the present as one of many mutations and multiplicities.