Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Bus Encoding Technique for Low Power VLSI

Low power VLSI circuit design is a must for present and future technologies. One of the ways of reducing power in a CMOS circuit is to reduce the number of transitions on the bus and Bus Invert Coding is a widely popular technique for that. In this paper we introduce a new way of coding called the ShiftInv Coding that is superior to the bus invert coding technique. Our simulation results show a considerable reduction on the number of transitions over and above that obtained with bus invert coding. Further, the proposed technique requires only 2 extra bits for the low power coding, regardless of the bit-width of the bus and does not assume anything about the nature of the data.
Promoting Increased Pitch Variation in Oral Presentations with Transient Visual Feedback.

This paper investigates learner response to a novel kind of intonation feedback generated from speech analysis. Instead of displays of pitch curves, our feedback is flashing lights that show how much pitch variation the speaker has produced. The variable used to generate the feedback is the standard deviation of fundamental frequency as measured in semitones. Flat speech causes the system to show yellow lights, while more expressive speech that has used pitch to give focus to any part of an utterance generates green lights. Participants in the study were 14 Chinese students of English at intermediate and advanced levels. A group that received visual feedback was compared with a group that received audio feedback. Pitch variation was measured at four stages: in a baseline oral presentation; for the first and second halves of three hours of training; and finally in the production of a new oral presentation. Both groups increased their pitch variation with training, and the effect lasted after the training had ended. The test group showed a significantly higher increase than the control group, indicating that the feedback is effective. These positive results imply that the feedback could be beneficially used in a system for practicing oral presentations.
Staggered Contracts, Intermediate Goods, and the Dynamic Effects of Monetary Shocks on Output, Inflation, and Real Wages

This paper investigates the contributions of staggered price contracts, staggered wage contracts, and an input-output production structure in generating the observed persistence of real output and inflation, and the weak but persistent response of real wages following monetary shocks. It examines the interactions of these three mechanisms in a dynamic general equilibrium (DGE) environment, with pricing decision and wage setting rules derived from individual optimization. Following a monetary shock, (i) a staggered wage model generates more persistence in both inflation and output than does a staggered price model when intermediate goods are used in production; (ii) adding intermediate goods causes a tradeoff between output persistence and inflation persistence: it magnifies the autocorrelations of output while reducing those of inflation in both the short and medium horizons; (iii) a combination of staggered prices and staggered wages is required to generate the observed weak but persistent response of real wages to a monetary shock, and incorporating intermediate goods in such a model is essential to make the real wage response weakly procyclical. JEL classification: E31, F32, F52
Evaluating Method of Human Resource Value Based on Grey Relational Analysis

As the development of knowledge economic, human resource has been the core of the world economic. So searching the reasonable evaluating and managing methods becomes one of the hot issues which have been concerned by people. Traditional evaluating methods of human resource are simple and direct, but they greatly depend on people's subjective judgement and experience. In order to overcome the default, this paper puts forward the method of synthetically evaluation on rough sets and grey relational analysis, which takes advantage of the rough sets theory, the concept of information entropy and relative analysis to filter the original indexes, then to standardize the importance degree of index and get the weight of every index. Then we use the improved grey relational analysis based on ideal point method to evaluate the human resource value. Finally the sample illuminates the validity and feasibility of this method.
Prognostic profiles and the effectiveness of assisted conception: secondary analyses of individual patient data.

BACKGROUND At present, it is unclear which treatment strategy is best for couples with unexplained or mild male subfertility. We hypothesized that the prognostic profile influences the effectiveness of assisted conception. We addressed this issue by analysing individual patient data (IPD) from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS We performed an IPD analysis of published RCTs on treatment strategies for subfertile couples. Eligible studies were identified from Cochrane systematic reviews and we also searched Medline and EMBASE. The authors of RCTs that compared expectant management (EM), intracervical insemination (ICI), intrauterine insemination (IUI), all three with or without controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) and IVF in couples with unexplained or male subfertility, and had reported live birth or ongoing pregnancy as an outcome measure, were invited to share their data. For each individual patient the chance of natural conception was calculated with a validated prognostic model. We constructed prognosis-by-treatment curves and tested whether there was a significant interaction between treatment and prognosis. RESULTS We acquired data from 8 RCTs, including 2550 couples. In three studies (n = 954) the more invasive treatment strategies tended to be less effective in couples with a high chance of natural conception but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P-value for interaction between prognosis and treatment outcome were 0.71, 0.31 and 0.19). In one study (n = 932 couples) the strategies with COS (ICI and IUI) led to higher pregnancy rates than unstimulated strategies (ICI 8% versus 15%, IUI 13% versus 22%), regardless of prognosis (P-value for interaction in all comparisons >0.5), but at the expense of a high twin rate in the COS strategies (ICI 6% versus 23% and IUI 3% versus 30%, respectively). In two studies (n = 373 couples), the more invasive treatment strategies tended to be more effective in couples with a good prognosis but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P-value for interaction: 0.38 and 0.68). In one study (n = 253 couples) the differential effect of prognosis on treatment effect was limited (P-value for interaction 0.52), perhaps because prognosis was incorporated in the inclusion criteria. The only study that compared EM with IVF included 38 couples, too small for a precise estimate. CONCLUSIONS In this IPD analysis of couples with unexplained or male subfertility, we did not find a large differential effect of prognosis on the effectiveness of fertility treatment with IUI, COS or IVF.
Linear complexity for multidimensional arrays - a numerical invariant

Linear complexity is a measure of how complex a one dimensional sequence can be. In this paper we extend the concept of linear complexity to multiple dimensions and present a definition that is invariant under well-orderings of the arrays. As a result we find that our new definition for the process introduced in the patent titled “Digital Watermarking” produces arrays with good asymptotic properties.
Reduction of periodic noise in Fourier domain optical coherence tomography images by frequency domain filtering

In Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FDOCT) coherence noise is caused by interference of light waves back-reflected or scattered from different spots within a measuring depth or from optical components within the OCT system such as a bended optical fibre. This coherence noise appears as periodic stripe patterns along the axial direction in resulting images. Background subtraction and physical segmentation are used to degrade the periodic coherence noise in previous studies. Here we utilise a post-processing method by applying a frequency domain filter to reduce the periodic coherence noise. Even though the approach taken is a very simple one, it visibly removes the periodic coherence noise from FDOCT images without influencing the original measured objects. The edges and textures of the objects in the processed image are identical as in the original image. The signal to noise ratio is also enhanced by using frequency domain filtering. Applying frequency domain filtering to FDOCT image can reduce the periodic noise significantly. This method is an easy, efficient way to improve the image quality without calibrating the system or measuring the background noise each time before a measurement.
Mapping the knowledge evolution and professional network in the field of technology roadmapping: a bibliometric analysis

To maintain a competitive advantage, organisations constantly adjust their operations and strategies to incorporate changes in their business environment. Technology roadmapping (TRM) has emerged as a method that can link technology development with the changing business requirements. Since the method of TRM is fairly new, publications that can explain and assist the implementation of a roadmapping process are still limited. As the concept of TRM continues to gain awareness among scholars and practitioners, the need for further development of TRM related knowledge becomes a vital part of their activities. The purpose of this paper is not only to reveal the body of knowledge and existing networks of TRM professionals but also to suggest potential collaborations among researchers and practitioners who have similar interests in the field. This study applies the bibliometric technique to analyse TRM related journal and conference articles published during 1987 and 2010.
Decoding-time prediction of non-verbalized punctuation

This paper presents novel methods that integrate lexical prediction of non-verbalized punctuations with Viterbi decoding for Large Vocabulary Conversational Speech Recognition (LVCSR) in a single pass. We describe two different approaches one based on a modified finite state machine representation of language models and one based on an extension of an LVCSR decoder. We discuss advantages over traditional punctuation prediction approaches based on post-processing of recognition hypotheses, including experimental evaluation of the proposed approach using a state-of-the-art LVCSR decoder. Experiments were performed on a medical documentation corpus and results demonstrate that the proposed methods yield improved punctuation prediction accuracy while at the same time reducing system complexity and memory requirements.
Taxiway Navigation and Situation Awareness (T-NASA) System: Problem, Design Philosophy, and Description of an Integrated Display Suite for Low-Visibility Airport Surface Operations

An integrated cockpit display suite, the T-NASA (Taxiway Navigation and Situation Awareness) system, is under development for NASA's Terminal Area Productivity (TAP) Low-Visibility Landing and Surface Operations (LVLASO) program. This system has three integrated components: Moving Map -- track-up airport surface display with own-ship, traffic and graphical route guidance; SceneLinked Symbology -- route/taxi information virtually projected via a Head-up Display (HUD) onto the forward scene; and, 3-D Audio Ground Collision Avoidance Warning (GCAW) system -- spatially-localized auditory traffic alerts. In this paper, surface operations in low-visibility conditions, the design philosophy of the T-NASA system, and the TNASA system display components are described.
Wnt5 is required for notochord cell intercalation in the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi

Background information. In the embryos of various animals, the body elongates after gastrulation by morphogenetic movements involving convergent extension. The Wnt/PCP (planar cell polarity) pathway plays roles in this process, particularly mediolateral polarization and intercalation of the embryonic cells. In ascidians, several factors in this pathway, including Wnt5, have been identified and found to be involved in the intercalation process of notochord cells.
On virtual optical bursts for QoS support in OBS networks

This paper proposes a novel burst assembly mechanism based on the notion of virtual optical burst for QoS support in OBS networks. Our solution, implemented exclusively in the electronic domain, relies on a simple timer algorithm. Its performance is evaluated in the context of a slotted WDM ring. We show that, combined with some fair access control scheme, the proposed scheme ensures both low delays for high-priority data packets and high fill rates of optical bursts.
Establishment and impact of Pseudomonas fluorescens genetically modified for lactose utilization and kanamycin resistance in the rhizosphere of pea

The impact of a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain, genetically modified for kanamycin resistance and lactose utilization (the GMM), could be enhanced by soil amendment with lactose and kanamycin. Lactose addition decreased the shoot to root ratio of pea, and both soil amendments increased the populations of total culturable bacteria and the inoculated GMM. Only kanamycin perturbed the bacterial community structure, causing a shift towards slower growth organisms. The community structure with the GMM inocula in the presence of kanamycin showed the only impact of the GMM compared to the wild type inocula. The shift towards K strategy (slower growing organisms), found in the other kanamycin‐amended treatments, was reduced with the GMM inoculation. Lactose amendment increased the acid and alkaline phosphatase, the phosphodiesterase activity and the carbon cycle enzyme activities, whereas the kanamycin addition only affected the alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase activities. None of the soil enzyme activities was affected by the GMM under any of the soil amendments.
The PRA and AmILAB at ImageCLEF 2012 Photo Flickr Annotation Task

This paper presents the rst participation of the Pattern Recognition and Application Group (PRA Group), and the Ambient In- telligence Lab (AmILAB) at the ImageCLEF 2012 Photo Flickr Concept Annotation Task. In this task, the teams' goal is to detect the presence of 94 concepts in the images, and to provide a condence score related to the condence of the decision of each concept detector. We faced the challenge by relying on visual information only, combining dierent image descriptors by means of dierent score combination techniques. Experimental results show that just combining concept detectors not specically designed for handling the large variety of concepts does not allow reaching satisfactory results.
A Note on the Computation of the Equity Premium and the Market Value of Firm Equity

Turnovsky (1995) derives in a continuous-time model of a decentralized economy that the correct specification of the firm’s objective function is to maximize the initial value of its outstanding securities. The firm value is the discounted flow of real earnings. For the discrete-time version of the model, we show that the correct computation of the firm value needs to be modified. Depending on the specific formula employed, different values of the equity premium result.
EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS / INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS Concise Review : Isoforms of OCT 4 Contribute to the Confusing Diversity in Stem Cell Biology

The human OCT4 gene can generate at least three transcripts (OCT4A, OCT4B, and OCT4B1) and four protein isoforms (OCT4A, OCT4B-190, OCT4B-265, and OCT4B164) by alternative splicing and alternative translation initiation. OCT4A is a transcription factor responsible for the pluripotency properties of embryonic stem (ES) cells. While OCT4B cannot sustain ES cell self-renewal, it may respond to cell stresses. Yet, the function of OCT4B1 is still unclear. Lack of distinction of OCT4 isoforms could lead to confusions and controversies on OCT4 in various tissues and cells. One important issue we emphasize in this review article is that alternatively spliced transcripts and alternative translation products of OCT4 exhibit diverse expression patterns and functions. Furthermore, simple approaches and methods to detect and distinguish OCT4 isoforms are discussed. This article underscores the importance of identifying and discriminating the expression and functions of OCT4 isoforms in stem cell research. STEM CELLS 2010;28:885–893 Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
A FUZZY CLUSTERING ENSEMBLE APPROACH FOR CATEGORICAL DATA

Data clustering is one of the essential tools for perceptive structure of a data set. It plays a crucial and initial role in machine learning, data mining and information retrieval. The intrinsic properties of the traditional algorithms intended for numerical data, can be employed to measure distance between feature vectors and cannot be directly applied for clustering of categorical data ,Wherever domain value are distinct haven’t any ordering outlined. The final data partition generated by traditional algorithms, results in incomplete information and the core ensemble information matrix presents only cluster data point relations with many entries left unknown and disgrace the quality of the resulting cluster. In the proposed system, a new highly effective fuzzy cluster ensemble approach to categorical data clustering transforms the original categorical data matrix to an informationpreserving numerical variation (QM), to which an effective hybrid graph partitioning technique can be directly applied. Using the fuzzy clustering algorithm, the quality matrix is determined efficiently and can be used to partition the categorical data under unsupervised circumstances
Resistive Programmable Through-Silicon Vias for Reconfigurable 3-D Fabrics

In this letter, we report on the fabrication and characterization of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based resistive RAM (ReRAM) cointegration with 380 μm-height Cu through-silicon via (TSV) arrays for programmable 3-D interconnects. Nonvolatile resistive switching of Pt/TiO2 /Pt thin films is first characterized with a resistance ratio up to five orders of magnitude. Then, cointegration of Pt/TiO2/Pt or Pt/TiO2 memory cells on 140 and 60 μm diameter Cu TSVs is fabricated. Repeatable nonvolatile bipolar switching of the ReRAM cells is demonstrated for different structures.
Microwave Plasma Synthesis of Materials—From Physics and Chemistry to Nanoparticles: A Materials Scientist’s Viewpoint

In this review, microwave plasma gas-phase synthesis of inorganic materials and material groups is discussed from the application-oriented perspective of a materials scientist: why and how microwave plasmas are applied for the synthesis of materials? First, key players in this research field will be identified, and a brief overview on publication history on this topic is given. The fundamental basics, necessary to understand the processes ongoing in particle synthesis—one of the main applications of microwave plasma processes—and the influence of the relevant experimental parameters on the resulting particles and their properties will be addressed. The benefit of using microwave plasma instead of conventional gas phase processes with respect to chemical reactivity and crystallite nucleation will be reviewed. The criteria, how to choose an appropriate precursor to synthesize a specific material with an intended application is discussed. A tabular overview on all type of materials synthesized in microwave plasmas and other plasma methods will be given, including relevant citations. Finally, property examples of three groups of nanomaterials synthesized with microwave plasma methods, bare Fe2O3 nanoparticles, different core/shell ceramic/organic shell nanoparticles, and Sn-based nanocomposites, will be described exemplarily, comprising perspectives of applications.
Demand for Multi-Year Insurance : Experimental Evidence

Established in 1984, the Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center develops and promotes effective corporate and public policies for low‐probability events with potentially catastrophic consequences through the integration of risk assessment, and risk perception with risk management strategies. Natural disasters, technological hazards, and national and international security issues (e.g., terrorism risk insurance markets, protection of critical infrastructure, global security) are among the extreme events that are the focus of the Center's research. The Risk Center's neutrality allows it to undertake large‐scale projects in conjunction with other researchers and organizations in the public and private sectors. Building on the disciplines of economics, decision sciences, finance, insurance, marketing and psychology, the Center supports and undertakes field and experimental studies of risk and uncertainty to better understand how individuals and organizations make choices under conditions of risk and uncertainty. Risk Center research also investigates the effectiveness of strategies such as risk communication, information sharing, incentive systems, insurance, regulation and public‐private collaborations at a national and international scale. From these findings, the Wharton Risk Center's research team – over 50 faculty, fellows and doctoral students – is able to design new approaches to enable individuals and organizations to make better decisions regarding risk under various regulatory and market conditions. The Center is also concerned with training leading decision makers. It actively engages multiple viewpoints, including top‐level representatives from industry, government, international organizations, interest groups and academics through its research and policy publications, and through sponsored seminars, roundtables and forums. Do individuals prefer a fixed-price multi-year insurance (MYI) policy to current annual contracts with fluctuating prices? This question is addressed through a web-based experiment with 445 adults to determine demand for such a multi-year contract with significant real money at stake. In a repeated 2-period game, individuals have an opportunity to purchase one-period insurance contracts, two-period contracts or no insurance against the risk of a hurricane causing damage to their property. When premiums for both insurance options are actuarially fair, we find that more than five times as many people favor the 2-period contract over the 1-period one. The demand for a 2-period contract remains high even when it has a loading cost of 5 percent and 10 percent and the 1-period premium is actuarially fair. Given the lack of insurance purchase for catastrophe risks observed in empirically studies, these findings support the development of new and more attractive contracts.