Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cloning, characterization, and expression of the spoVB gene of Bacillus subtilis

Mutation of the spoVB gene in Bacillus subtilis causes the production of spores containing a defective cortex and unable to acquire heat resistance. The spoVB locus is highly linked to another spo locus, spoIIIF, characterized by a single mutation (I. L. Lamont and J. Mandelstam, J. Gen. Microbiol. 130:1253-1261, 1984). A 18-kb DNA region overlapping the spoIIIF-spoVB region was cloned in successive steps starting from a Tn917 insertion in the nic locus. The exact location of the spoIIIF and spoVB loci was defined with various integrative plasmids carrying subfragments of that region. DNA sequencing established that spoIIIF and spoVB are a single monocistronic locus encoding a 518-amino-acid polypeptide with features of an integral membrane protein. The precise location of the spoIIIF590 and spoVB91 mutations in that unique open reading frame was determined, and both mutations were sequenced. A null mutation was engineered in the spoIIIF-spoVB locus and led to a typical spoVB phenotype, identical to the phenotype created by either spoIIIF590 or spoVB91, suggesting that the original spoIIIF mutant contained a secondary mutation arresting sporulation at an earlier stage. A transcriptional spoVB-lacZ fusion was constructed, and its expression was found to be directly dependent on RNA polymerase containing sigma E. A null mutation of spoVB had no effect on expression of sspB and cotA, members of the sigma G- and sigma K-controlled regulons respectively, while expression of cotC, a member of the latest known mother cell regulon, was delayed and strongly reduced. These results are consistent with SpoVB being involved in cortex biosynthesis and affecting only indirectly expression of late sporulation genes.
Creating future capabilities: scenario process in inter-industrial knowledge networks

It is well known that the dynamics in business are changing. Companies need to be aware of changes in their business environment, and must be able to recognise and exploit opportunities through their rare and distinctive resources and capabilities. This depends on their dynamic ability to reinvent their capabilities, business models, and strategies as circumstances for ongoing change. This paper studies the framework for sustaining the renewal of core capabilities in an inter-organisational context. Firstly, the dynamic capability view is introduced. Secondly, organisational knowledge creation through communication and learning are examined, and the basis of future-oriented knowledge is explained. This study demonstrates the knowledge creation process in an inter-industry context. The paper clarifies the real advantages and problems of the process by introducing the framework for creating future capabilities.
Through a glass, darkly

In 1978, a student taking an Afro-American literature class asked us if there were any black science-fiction writers. We did not know, though we suspected that the author of Babel-17, The Einstein Intersection, Nova, and Dhalgren might fit the bill. An old Ace books version of The Jewels of Aptor indicated that Samuel R. Delany was "born April Fool's Day, 1942," and "grew up in New York City's Harlem. "2 And a well-known anthologizer, Judith Merril, wrote, cryptically, that Delany was "multi-mediumed, transcultural, inter-racial. "3 As practicing academics, however, we turned to the prestigious National Union Catalog, which informed us that Samuel R. Delany was an English author.4 For a time we were satisfied . But the contradictory information bothered us, so we determined to write Delany himself, even though it was rumored that he never granted interviews, hardly ever answered his mail, and rarely looked with favor upon academics. The false rumor (the first of many we were to encounter) was laid to rest within a week, when we got back our first letter from Delany. It was a kindly, informative letter, and it urged us to continue writing. The contradiction over his ethnic heritage was as quickly resolved when he said that, yes, he was indeed black-and had not a trace of English blood in his veins. (Later he would suggest in the most polite manner possible that if we had had any contact with the sf community, we would not have had to ask whether he was black; though often emotional and given to wearing strange clothes, the sf community is well informed about its heroes.) Since that first exchange of letters six years ago, we have corresponded regularly with the author and amassed two large cardboard boxes of Delanyana-juvenilia and gradeschool reports on his terrible behavior; unfinished and heavily edited manuscripts; first drafts of critical essays; copies of old comic-book, radio, and movie scripts; recipes; and so forth. And that, with Delany's encouragement, has led us to make our own humble contributions to Delany scholarship. Indeed, the author has been kind enough to read our several drafts and mark them up, often copiously, with his own corrections and suggestions. At first we set about learning the bare facts of his life and career: that he began writing at fourteen and wrote his first published novel, The Jewels of Aptor, when he was nineteen; that he went on to publish, with Ace Books, The
A New Approach to Observation of Descent and Landing of Future Mars Mission Using Bioinspired Technology Innovations

Bioinspired technology breakthroughs of insect inspired navigation are enabling small aircraft that will allow exploration of Mars. The bioinspired technologies under development consist of a bioinspired navigation-control system, human vision inspired and birds of prey inspired search & track systems. Two classes of new missions for Mars exploration: (1) the long range exploration missions and (2) critical ephemeral phenomena observation missions can be enabled by incorporation of these bioinspired technology breakthroughs in such flyers. In this paper we describe our implementation of an image based guidance algorithms that can be used for imaging the descent and landing of mission payloads on Mars, thus enabling a “black box” capability as a unique risk mitigation tool for landed missions of all types. Further on such capabilities could enable observation of a variety of other ephemeral phenomena such as tracking dust storms in real-time.
Linguistically debatable or just plain wrong?

In linguistic annotation projects, we typically develop annotation guidelines to minimize disagreement. However, in this position paper we question whether we should actually limit the disagreements between annotators, rather than embracing them. We present an empirical analysis of part-of-speech annotated data sets that suggests that disagreements are systematic across domains and to a certain extend also across languages. This points to an underlying ambiguity rather than random errors. Moreover, a quantitative analysis of tag confusions reveals that the majority of disagreements are due to linguistically debatable cases rather than annotation errors. Specifically, we show that even in the absence of annotation guidelines only 2% of annotator choices are linguistically unmotivated.
Control of Hypertension 5 Years After Stroke in the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study

Control of blood pressure after stroke is important for reducing the risk of recurrent stroke. We examined the control of hypertension in a community-based population of 5-year stroke survivors. Cases of first-ever stroke from the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study were interviewed at 5 years poststroke. Blood pressure, history of hypertension, and antihypertensive medications were recorded. Individuals were classified as normotensive (blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg, no history of hypertension, and no antihypertensive medications), controlled hypertensive (blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg, history of hypertension, and/or taking antihypertensive medications), uncontrolled hypertensive (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, history of hypertension, and/or taking antihypertensive medications), or uninformed hypertensive (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, no known history of hypertension, and no antihypertensive medications). At 5 years poststroke, 441 (45%) of 978 first-ever stroke cases were alive. Of these, 305 (69%) had complete data on blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, and history of hypertension. No statistical differences existed between those with or without these data. Eight-two percent were hypertensive; 63% had controlled hypertension, 30% had uncontrolled hypertension, and 7% were unaware that they were hypertensive. Overall, 67% of individuals classified as uncontrolled or uninformed hypertensive subjects were receiving treatment that was insufficient to achieve target blood pressure levels. Uncontrolled hypertensive subjects were more likely to recall receiving advice to manage their hypertension with medication (P<0.02) and diet (P<0.09). Although the majority of hypertensive individuals had controlled hypertension at 5 years poststroke, considerable improvement can be made in the control of hypertension after stroke.
Distribution of galaninergic immunoreactivity in the brain of the mouse

The distribution of galaninergic immunoreactive (‐ir) profiles was studied in the brain of colchicine‐pretreated and non‐pretreated mice. Galanin (GAL)‐ir neurons and fibers were observed throughout all encephalic vesicles. Telencephalic GAL‐ir neurons were found in the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, lateral and medial septum, diagonal band of Broca, nucleus basalis of Meynert, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, amygdala, and hippocampus. The thalamus displayed GAL‐ir neurons within the anterodorsal, paraventricular, central lateral, paracentral, and central medial nuclei. GAL‐ir neurons were found in several regions of the hypothalamus. In the midbrain, GAL‐ir neurons appeared in the pretectal olivary nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, the medial and lateral lemniscus, periaqueductal gray, and the interpeduncular nucleus. The pons contained GAL‐ir neurons within the dorsal subcoeruleus, locus coeruleus, and dorsal raphe. In the medulla oblongata, GAL‐ir neurons appear in the anterodorsal and dorsal cochlear nuclei, salivatory nucleus, A5 noradrenergic cells, gigantocellular nucleus, inferior olive, solitary tract nucleus, dorsal vagal motor and hypoglossal nuclei. Only GAL‐ir fibers were seen in the lateral habenula nucleus, substantia nigra, parabrachial complex, cerebellum, spinal trigeminal tract, as well as the motor root of the trigeminal and facial nerves. GAL‐ir was also observed in several circumventricular organs. The widespread distribution of galanin in the mouse brain suggests that this neuropeptide plays a role in the regulation of cognitive and homeostatic functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 434:158–185, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Encoding Temporal Markov Dynamics in Graph for Time Series Visualization

Time series is attracting more attention across statistics, machine learning and pattern recognition as it appears widely in both industry and academia, but few advances has been achieved in effective time series visualization due to its temporal dimensionality and complex dynamics. Inspired by recent effort on using network metrics to characterize time series for classification, we present an approach to visualize time series as complex networks based on first order Markov process and temporal ordering. Different to classical bar charts, line plots and other statistics based graph, our approach delivers more intuitive visualization that better preserves both the temporal dependency and frequency structures. It provides a natural inverse operation to map the graph back to time series, making it possible to use graph statistics to characterize time series for better visual exploration and statistical analysis. Our experimental results suggest the effectiveness on various tasks such as system identification, classification and anomaly detection on both synthetic and the real time series data.
Objective Quantification of Immune Cell Infiltrates and Epidermal Proliferation in Psoriatic Skin: A Comparison of Digital Image Analysis and Manual Counting

Digital pathology and image analysis have developed extensively during the last couple of years. Especially the advance in whole-slide scanning, software, and computer processing makes it possible to apply these methods in tissue-based research. Today this task is dominated by tedious manual assessments by pathologists with the interobserver and intraobserver variation this includes. Automated quantitative assessment of immunohistochemical staining has the potential to objectively extract numerical measures from cell and tissue structures, and allows efficient high throughput analysis in clinical research. Published data of manual cell counts in psoriatic skin samples were in this study reevaluated using the digital image analysis (DIA) software. Whole slides immunohistochemically stained for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45R0, and Ki-67 were scanned and quantitatively evaluated using simple threshold analysis. Regression analysis with R2 values in the range of 0.85 to 0.95 indicates a good correlation between the manual count of cell numbers and the staining density obtained by automated DIA. Moreover, we show that the automated image analysis is reliable over a broad range of thresholds and that it is robust to differences in staining intensities and hence useful for high throughput analysis. DIA is a viable technical approach for automated cell quantification. Its output highly correlates to the conventional manual cell counting and hence allows for increasing the throughput and reducing the analysis time significantly.
Working to Improve Classroom Climate Using a Ten Point Scale and Focusing on the Development of the Classroom Management Skills of Individual Teachers

The working atmosphere in the classroom is an important variable in the process of education, with several studies suggesting that classroom climate has a significant impact on student attainment. Recent international studies have suggested that deficits in classroom climate are prevalent in many countries, pointing out that these deficits are more serious and prevalent in some systems compared to others. Attention has also been drawn to the phenomenon of “in-school variation”, with levels of classroom control varying not just between schools, but also, within them. The paper describes the use of a 10 point scale for conceptualising the working atmosphere in the classroom as a continuum between a climate which is ideally conducive to learning (level 10), to a level where learning is severely constrained by the poor behaviour of some pupils (level 1). The scale encourages teachers, student teachers, school managers and school governors to reflect on the factors influencing the working atmosphere in the classroom. In England, there has been a tendency to see school leaders as the key to levels of classroom control (Ofsted, 2014; Wilshaw, 2014). However, this does not explain the phenomenon of “in-school variation” in classroom climate. The research outlined in this paper supports Elliott’s view (Elliott, 2009) that the classroom management skills of individual teachers are one of the key determinants of classroom climate and good pupil behaviour, and therefore more time and effort need to go into developing this dimension of teacher authority. Working with teachers and student teachers, using the 10 point scale to develop their understanding of factors influencing classroom climate offers one way of developing teachers’ skills in this area. Given that deficits in classroom climate and pupil behaviour are not limited to the UK, the scale may be of use and interest to those involved in teaching and teacher education in other countries.
Making Implicit Parameters Explicit Atze

In almost all languages all arguments to functions are to be given explicitly. The Haskell class system however is an exception: functions can have class predicates as part of their type signature, and dictionaries are implicitly constructed and implicitly passed for such predicates, thus relieving the programmer from a lot of clerical work and removing clutter from the program text. Unfortunately Haskell maintains a very strict boundary between the implicit and the explicit world; if the implicit mechanisms fail to construct the hidden dictionaries there is no way the programmer can provide help, nor is he able to override the choices made by the implicit mechanisms. In this paper we describe, in the context of Haskell, a mechanism that allows the programmer to explicitly construct implicit arguments. This extension blends well with existing resolution mechanisms, since it only overrides the default behavior. We include a description of the use of partial type signatures, which liberates the programmer from having to choose between specifying a complete type signature or no type signature at all. Finally we show how the system can easily be extended to deal with higher-order predicates, thus enabling the elegant formulation of some forms of generic programming.
Decriminalizing Delinquency: The Effect of Raising the Age of Majority on Juvenile Recidivism

In the last decade, a number of states have expanded the jurisdiction of their juvenile courts by increasing the maximum age to 18. Proponents argue that these expansions reduce crime by increasing access to the beneficial features of the juvenile justice system. Critics counter that the expansions risk increasing crime by reducing deterrence. In 2010, Illinois raised the maximum age for juvenile court for offenders who commit a misdemeanor. By examining the effect of this law on juvenile offenders in Chicago, this paper provides the first empirical estimates of the consequences of recent legislative activity to raise the age of criminal majority. Applying a difference-in-differences design with multiple control groups, we find little evidence of an effect. Our results suggest that—contrary to the expectations of both advocates and opponents—increasing the maximum age for juvenile court does not affect juvenile recidivism.
Stimuli-Dependent and State-Dependent Effects of Emotion on Children's Executive Functions and Intentional Forgetting: Associations With Age and Socio-Emotional Adjustment.

Studies on adults have revealed a disadvantageous effect of negative emotional stimuli on executive functions (EF), and it is suggested that this effect is amplified in children. The present study’s aim was to assess how emotional facial expressions affected working memory across age, using a working memory task with emotional facial expressions as stimuli. Additionally, we explored how degree of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in typically developing children were related to performance on the same task. However, before employing the working memory task with emotional facial expressions as stimuli, an independent sample of 9-12-year-olds was asked to recognize the facial expressions intended to serve as stimuli on the working memory task, and to rate the facial expressions on intensity and arousal to obtain a base line for how children during this age recognize and react to facial expressions. The first study revealed that children rated the facial expressions with similar intensity and arousal across age. When employing the working memory task with facial expressions, results revealed that negatively valenced expressions impaired working memory more than neutral and positively valenced expressions. The ability to successfully complete the working memory task increased between 9-12 years of age. Children’s internalizing symptoms and total problems were associated with poorer performance on the working memory task with facial expressions. Results on the effect of emotion on working memory are discussed in light of recent models on how emotional information might interact and interfere with cognitive processes such as working memory.
Neural basis of the spontaneous optokinetic response produced by visual inversion.

One of the most conspicuous behavioral effects produced by surgical rotation of the eyeball through 180 degrees is the forced circling or spontaneous optokinetic reaction. Animals with inverted vision caused by eye rotation tend to turn continuously in circles (4, 6, 8). In fishes and amphibians this circling may persist indefinitely with little or no correction by reeducation. Similar circus movement is caused by contralateral transplantation of the eyeball with inversion on only one axis and also by cross-connection of the optic nerves to the wrong side of the brain (7). In all these situations movement on the part of the animal causes the visual image to pass over the retinal field or its central projection in a direction opposite to normal.
Social enterprise and corporate social responsibility

The purpose of this paper is to explore the concepts of social enterprise (SE) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Both terms are regarded as pivotal but somewhat related when discussed in scholarship. Despite this few attempts have been made to isolate the manner in which they connect. ,In this paper the authors attempt to unpack these two terms in order to isolate key areas of overlap in their use and operationalization. In doing so, the authors address the call for work to synthesize the highly fragmented literature. ,The paper demonstrates that, while SE and CSR retain a unique place in the business-society landscape, there is indeed an overlap between the two. The generation of value – social, collaborative, or strategic – appears to be a central theme that connects the two concepts. ,The authors offer a detailed discussion of how SE and CSR have contributed to scholarship, and demonstrate that the two terms are indeed interrelated on many levels.
Aftereffect of High-Speed Motion

A visual illusion known as the motion aftereffect is considered to be the perceptual manifestation of motion sensors that are recovering from adaptation. This aftereffect can be obtained for a specific range of adaptation speeds with its magnitude generally peaking for speeds around 3 deg s−1. The classic motion aftereffect is usually measured with a static test pattern. Here, we measured the magnitude of the motion aftereffect for a large range of velocities covering also higher speeds, using both static and dynamic test patterns. The results suggest that at least two (sub)populations of motion-sensitive neurons underlie these motion aftereffects. One population shows itself under static test conditions and is dominant for low adaptation speeds, and the other is prevalent under dynamic test conditions after adaptation to high speeds. The dynamic motion aftereffect can be perceived for adaptation speeds up to three times as fast as the static motion aftereffect. We tested predictions that follow from the hypothesised division in neuronal substrates. We found that for exactly the same adaptation conditions (oppositely directed transparent motion with different speeds), the aftereffect direction differs by 180° depending on the test pattern. The motion aftereffect is opposite to the pattern moving at low speed when the test pattern is static, and opposite to the high-speed pattern for a dynamic test pattern. The determining factor is the combination of adaptation speed and type of test pattern.