Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Graphics Programming Environment

The facilities of the PS‐algol programming language are described in this paper to show how they may be used to provide an integrated graphics programming environment. The persistent store mechanism and the secure transaction facilities of the language provide the basic environment in which an integrated system may be implemented. This is augmented by data types and operations to support line drawings and raster graphics. The combination of these mechanisms may be used to provide the integrated graphics programming environment.
A Web Document Retrieval Algorithm Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

With advances in the computer technologies and the rapid development of Internet, information on the Internet is increasing exponentially. To efficiently retrieve relevant documents from the explosive growth of the Internet and other sources of information access, a novel Web document retrieval algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) algorithm is proposed to deal this problem. Experimental results clearly demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency.
NLTE models of line-driven stellar winds – III. Influence of X-ray radiation on wind structure of O stars

We study the influence of X rays on the wind structure of selected O stars. For this purpose we use our non local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) wind code with inclusion of additional artificial source of X rays, assumed to originate in the wind shocks. We show that the influence of shock X ray emission on wind mass loss rate is relatively small. Wind terminal velocity may be slightly influenced by the presence of strong X ray sources, especially for stars cooler than Teff 35 000 K . We discuss the origin of the Lx/L 10 7 relation. For stars with thick wind this relation can be explained assuming that the cooling time depends on wind density. Stars with optically thin winds exhibiting the weak wind problem display enhanced X ray emission which may be connected with large shock cooling length. We propose that this effect can explain the weak wind problem. Inclusion of X rays leads to a better agreement of the model ionization structure with observations. However, we do not find any significant influence of X rays on P v ionization fraction implying that the presence of X rays cannot explain the P V problem. We study the implications of modified ionization equilibrium due to shock emission on the line transfer in the X ray region. We conclude that the X ray line profiles of helium like ions may be affected by the line absorption within the cool wind.
Spectral factorization of z-domain polynomials using non-linear least-squares

A new recursive method for spectral factorizing polynomials is given. The method uses non-linear least-squares. The method is simple to implement and has applications in many areas of adaptive filtering, system identification and control. The optimization method is not new but to date has not been applied to spectral factorization. Convergence is much faster than ordinary root finding algorithms. (superlinear versus quadratic).
How the mouse got its stripes

Acentral issue in developmental biology is the understanding of how various processes interact to produce spatio-temporal patterns in the embryo. To even observe these dynamical patterns directly is a challenge and, although technological advances in, for example, imaging techniques are beginning to address this problem, it is still far from trivial. A new strain of mouse that is deficient in hair formation (1) now makes it possible to visualize directly traveling waves of pigmentation propagating over the skin of the mouse. This new study adds an extra dimension to the challenge of elucidating the mechanisms that underlie embryonic pattern formation and provides further evidence for self-organization. From an apparently homogeneous mass of dividing cells in the very early stages of development emerges the vast and sometimes spectacular array of patterns and structures observed in animals. The mechanisms underlying the coordination required for cells to produce pattern on a spatial scale much larger than a single cell is still largely a mystery, despite a huge amount of experimental and theoretical research. There is inherent in the oocytes positional information that must guide pattern, but cells that are completely dissociated and randomly mixed can recombine to form periodic spatial structures (2). This leads to the intriguing possibility that at least some aspects of spatio-temporal patterning in the embryo arise from the process of self-organization. The mathematician Alan Turing first proposed such a mechanism in his seminal 1952 article (3), in which he showed that a system of chemicals could evolve spontaneously into a spatial pattern. He further hypothesized that if these chemicals, which he termed morphogens, cued cell differentiation, then the patterns we see in nature would be the interpretation of chemical prepatterns. One year earlier, the Russian chemist Belousov showed experimentally that a system of reacting and diffusing chemicals could evolve …
A search for the radio counterpart of the unidentified γ-ray source 3EG J1410-6147

We have made radio continuum, H I and X-ray observations in the direction of the unidentified EGRET source 3EG J1410‐6147, using the Australia Telescope Compact Array and the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The observations encompass the supernova remnant (SNR) G312.4‐0.4 and the two young pulsars PSRs J1412‐6145 and J1413‐6141. We derive a lower distance limit of 6 kpc to the SNR, although interpretation of positive velocity features in the H I spectrum may imply that the SNR is more distant than 14 kpc. PSR J1412‐6145, with an age of 50 kyr, is the pulsar most probably associated with SNR G312.4‐ 0.4. X-rays are not detected from either pulsar and diffuse X-ray emission near the bright western edge of the SNR is weak. Although there is circumstantial evidence that this western region is a pulsar wind nebula (PWN), the embedded pulsar PSR J1412‐6145 is apparently not sufficiently powerful to explain the radio enhancement. The origin of the electron acceleration in this region and of the γ -rays remains unidentified, unless the distance to PSR J1413‐6141 is at least a factor of 3 lower than its dispersion measure distance.
Rising jet-inflated bubbles in clusters of galaxies

We conduct two-dimensional axisymmetric (referred to as 2.5D) hydrodynamical numerical simulations of bubble evolution in clusters of galaxies. We inflate bubbles using slow, massive jets with a wide opening angle, and follow their evolution as they rise through the intracluster medium. We find that these jet-inflated bubbles are quite stable, and can reach large distances in the cluster while maintaining their basic structure. The stability of the jet-inflated bubble comes mainly from the dense shell that forms around it during its inflation stage, and from the outward momentum of the bubble and shell. On the contrary, bubbles that are inserted by hand on to the grid and not inflated by a jet, i.e. an artificial bubble, lack these stabilizing factors; therefore, they are rapidly destroyed. The stability of the jet-inflated bubble removes the demand for stabilizing magnetic fields in the bubble.
Exon Array Analysis of Head and Neck Cancers Identifies a Hypoxia Related Splice Variant of LAMA3 Associated with a Poor Prognosis

The identification of alternatively spliced transcript variants specific to particular biological processes in tumours should increase our understanding of cancer. Hypoxia is an important factor in cancer biology, and associated splice variants may present new markers to help with planning treatment. A method was developed to analyse alternative splicing in exon array data, using probeset multiplicity to identify genes with changes in expression across their loci, and a combination of the splicing index and a new metric based on the variation of reliability weighted fold changes to detect changes in the splicing patterns. The approach was validated on a cancer/normal sample dataset in which alternative splicing events had been confirmed using RT-PCR. We then analysed ten head and neck squamous cell carcinomas using exon arrays and identified differentially expressed splice variants in five samples with high versus five with low levels of hypoxia-associated genes. The analysis identified a splice variant of LAMA3 (Laminin α 3), LAMA3-A, known to be involved in tumour cell invasion and progression. The full-length transcript of the gene (LAMA3-B) did not appear to be hypoxia-associated. The results were confirmed using qualitative RT-PCR. In a series of 59 prospectively collected head and neck tumours, expression of LAMA3-A had prognostic significance whereas LAMA3-B did not. This work illustrates the potential for alternatively spliced transcripts to act as biomarkers of disease prognosis with improved specificity for particular tissues or conditions over assays which do not discriminate between splice variants.
Engaging fans on microblog: the synthetic influence of parasocial interaction and source characteristics on celebrity endorsement

Brand managers use celebrity microbloggers to endorse their products on microblogs. Previous studies on celebrity endorsement mechanisms concentrated on source factors such as celebrity's characteristics and celebrity—product congruence. This study introduces a new audience factor: the fan–celebrity parasocial interaction (PSI) to explore the celebrity endorsement mechanism within a microblog context. The study hypothesizes that PSI and source factors (credibility, attractiveness, and congruence) significantly influence endorsement effectiveness. The results of an online survey (N = 862) indicate that PSI and celebrity–product congruence are salient antecedents of endorsement effectiveness. PSI serves as a mediator of the effect of source attractiveness on endorsement effectiveness. Source credibility and celebrity–product congruence are mediators between PSI and endorsement effectiveness. The study develops and tests a conceptual model to illustrate the influential mechanism of celebrity endorsement on microblog platforms.
Real-time vision-based robot localization

An algorithm for robot localization using visual landmarks is described. This algorithm determines both the correspondence between observed landmarks (in this case vertical edges in the environment) and a preloaded map, and the location of the robot from those correspondences. The primary advantages of this algorithm are its use of a single geometric tolerance to describe observation error, its ability to recognize ambiguous sets of correspondences, its ability to compute bounds on the error in localization, and its fast execution. The current version of the algorithm has been implemented and tested on a mobile robot system. In several hundred trials the algorithm has not failed, and computes location accurate to within a centimeter in less than half a second. <<ETX>>
THE HYBRID FLUIDIC DRIVEN UPPER LIMB ORTHOSIS - ORTHOJACKET

SUMMARY The project OrthoJacket (OrthoJacket=orthosis jacket) aims at the development of a modular, active orthosis as a portable system for the upper extremity for high tetraplegic spinal cord injured (SCI). The system combines joint stabilisation, external power from flexible fluidic actuators (FFA) with inherent compliance, a grasping function, realised by functional electrical stimulation (FES) and a natural control system that allows the tetraplegic user to regain independence (see Fig. 1). This article introduces the modular hybrid neuroorthosis OrthoJacket. Figure 1: OrthoJacket system, mounted on a wheelchair INTRODUCTION Through to the loss of the active movement of the upper extremity, for example a spinal cord injury, patients loose the major part of their autonomy and of their live quality. This leads to a lifelong dependency on caregivers. In the BMBF funded project OrthoJacket a modular, active orthosis for the upper extremity is developed.
Plant respiration and photosynthesis in global‐scale models: incorporating acclimation to temperature and CO2

To realistically simulate climate feedbacks from the land surface to the atmosphere, models must replicate the responses of plants to environmental changes. Several processes, operating at various scales, cause the responses of photosynthesis and plant respiration to temperature and CO2 to change over time of exposure to new or changing environmental conditions. Here, we review the latest empirical evidence that short‐term responses of plant carbon exchange rates to temperature and CO2 are modified by plant photosynthetic and respiratory acclimation as well as biogeochemical feedbacks. We assess the frequency with which these responses have been incorporated into vegetation models, and highlight recently designed algorithms that can facilitate their incorporation. Few models currently include representations of the long‐term plant responses that have been recorded by empirical studies, likely because these responses are still poorly understood at scales relevant for models. Studies show that, at a regional scale, simulated carbon flux between the atmosphere and vegetation can dramatically differ between versions of models that do and do not include acclimation. However, the realism of these results is difficult to evaluate, as algorithm development is still in an early stage, and a limited number of data are available. We provide a series of recommendations that suggest how a combination of empirical and modeling studies can produce mechanistic algorithms that will realistically simulate longer term responses within global‐scale models.
Mexican transnational parents: What they have to say about inclusive education and their children’s educational needs

ABSTRACT Through two qualitative case studies conducted over two years, this research examines the educational practices and perceptions of two working-class Mexican transnational families currently living in a Midwestern city in the United States. Findings indicate that for transnational families and their children, educational inclusion is about successfully developing the languages and language repertoires that children will need in their translocal educational institutions “here” and “there. ” Understanding Mexican transnational parents’ perceptions of their children’s educational needs may provide new insights into the ways in which their schooling experiences could be improved in more inclusive terms.
MapReduce implementation of Variational Bayesian Probabilistic Matrix Factorization algorithm

We introduce in this paper a scalable implementation of Variational Bayesian Matrix Factorization method for collaborative filtering using the MapReduce framework. Variational Bayesian methods have the advantage of providing good approximate analytical solutions for the posterior distribution. Due to the independence assumption about the parameters in the posterior distribution, variational methods are also likely to be able to parallelize efficiently. Though Variational Bayesian Matrix Factorization method has shown to produce more accurate results in collaborative filtering, its scaling properties have not studied so far. We ran our MapReduce implementation on the CiteULike data set and show that our parallelization scheme achieves approximately linear scaling. We also compare its performance with the MapReduce implementation of a popular matrix factorization algorithm, ALSWR, from the open source machine learning library Mahout.
Oxidative Stress Induces Nuclear-to-Cytosol Shift of hMSH3, a Potential Mechanism for EMAST in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Background Elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST) is a genetic signature observed in 60% of sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs). Unlike microsatellite unstable CRCs where hypermethylation of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene hMLH1’s promoter is causal, the precise cause of EMAST is not clearly defined but points towards hMSH3 deficiency. Aim To examine if hMSH3 deficiency causes EMAST, and to explore mechanisms for its deficiency. Methods We measured −4 bp framshifts at D8S321 and D20S82 loci within EGFP-containing constructs to determine EMAST formation in MMR-proficient, hMLH1−/−, hMSH6−/−, and hMSH3−/− CRC cells. We observed the subcellular location of hMSH3 with oxidative stress. Results D8S321 mutations occurred 31-and 40-fold higher and D20S82 mutations occurred 82-and 49-fold higher in hMLH1−/− and hMSH3−/− cells, respectively, than in hMSH6−/− or MMR-proficient cells. hMSH3 knockdown in MMR-proficient cells caused higher D8S321 mutation rates (18.14 and 11.14×10−4 mutations/cell/generation in two independent clones) than scrambled controls (0 and 0.26×10−4 mutations/cell/generation; p<0.01). DNA sequencing confirmed the expected frameshift mutations with evidence for ongoing mutations of the constructs. Because EMAST-positive tumors are associated with inflammation, we subjected MMR-proficient cells to oxidative stress via H2O2 to examine its effect on hMSH3. A reversible nuclear-to-cytosol shift of hMSH3 was observed upon H2O2 treatment. Conclusion EMAST is dependent upon the MMR background, with hMSH3−/− more prone to frameshift mutations than hMSH6−/−, opposite to frameshift mutations observed for mononucleotide repeats. hMSH3−/− mimics complete MMR failure (hMLH1−/−) in inducing EMAST. Given the observed heterogeneous expression of hMSH3 in CRCs with EMAST, hMSH3-deficiency appears to be the event that commences EMAST. Oxidative stress, which causes a shift of hMSH3’s subcellular location, may contribute to an hMSH3 loss-of-function phenotype by sequestering it to the cytosol.
Generalized frequency division multiple access allocation scheme for LTE-A

Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) is one of the important features of Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A). For LTE-A downlink, Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) scheme is used to provide frequency orthogonality. Whereas, for uplink, Signal Carrier FDAM (SC-FDMA) is preferred since it provides improved PAPR performance over OFDMA. Interleaved FDMA (IFDMA) and Localized FDMA (LFDMA) are forms of SC-FDMA usually used in LTE-A. User subcarrier allocation method is the main distinction between IFDMA and LFDMA schemes. Users are allocated destributed frequency carriers in IFDMA while they are allocated localized carriers in LFDMA. Whereas IFDMA scheme provides better PAPR performance over LFDMA scheme, the latter has lower complexity requirements. In this paper a new user subcarrier allocation scheme is introduced. The proposed scheme provides a variable interleaved allocation of subcarriers in the bandwidth, hence it is named Generalized FDMA (GFDMA). This variable interleaved allocation scheme made the transition from IFDMA to LFDMA to be seamless. Theoritical derivation of the proposed scheme shows that both IFDMA and LFDMA are subclasses of GFDMA. Simulation results of the proposed GFDMA show that the signal PAPR calculated varies according to the interleave level selected. The simulation has been conducted for different QAM modulation schemes and bandwidths. In all the cases, GFDMA PAPR performance is in good match to the calculated IFDMA and LFDMA PAPR. Moreover, further enhancement in GFDMA PAPR is achieved as the number of users in a given bandwidth increased.
Iterative soft-thresholding converges linearly

In this article, the convergence of the often used iterative softthresholding algorithm for the solution of linear operator equations in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces is analyzed in detail. As main result we show that the algorithm converges with linear rate as soon as the underlying operator satisfies the so-called finite basis injectivity property. This result quantifies the experience that the iterative soft-thresholding converges very slow because it is argued that the constant of the linear rate is very close to one. Moreover it is shown that the constants can be calculated explicitly if some knowledge on the operator is available (i.e. for compact operators). The proof is based on gradient descent arguments for a generalized projected gradient method and utilizes a new technique, called the Bregman-Taylor distance.
How Women's Distrust in Other Women Intensifies the Relationship between Gender Microaggressions and Psychiatric Systems

This study examined the relationship between gender microaggressions, internalized sexism, and mental health in women. Specifically, the researchers were interested in potential moderating variables including social support, coping styles, and feminist identification. Using an online sample of 256 women, our results indicated that the relationship between gender microaggressions and psychiatric symptoms intensified when participants also scored high on a specific subscale of the Internalized Misogyny scale: distrust in women. In addition, the relationship between the participants’ distrust in women and reported psychiatric symptoms strengthened when low social support was factored in. This demonstrates that lack of social support could play a role in poor mental health among women who do not trust other women. Poor coping skills were also related to both distrust in women and reported symptoms. These findings suggest that the combination of gender microaggressions and internalized sexism have a significant impact on women’s mental health.
Admission glycaemia and outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Some studies of patients with acute myocardial infarction have reported that hyperglycaemia at admission may be associated with a worse outcome. This study sought to evaluate the association of blood glucose at admission with the outcome of unselected patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Using the Acute Myocardial Infarction and unstable angina in Switzerland (AMIS Plus) registry, ACS patients were stratified according to their blood glucose on admission: group 1: 2.80–6.99 mmol/L, group 2: 7.00–11.09 mmol/L and group 3: ≥ 11.10 mmol/L. Odds ratios for in-hospital mortality were calculated using logistic regression models. Of 2,786 patients, 73% were male and 21% were known to have diabetes. In-hospital mortality increased from 3% in group 1 to 7% in group 2 and to 15% in group 3. Higher glucose levels were associated with larger enzymatic infarct sizes (p<0.001) and had a weak negative correlation with angiographic or echographic left ventricular ejection fraction. High admission glycaemia in ACS patients remains a significant independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR 1.08; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.05–1.14, p<0.001) per mmol/L. The OR for in-hospital mortality was 1.04 (95% CI 0.99–1.1; p=0.140) per mmol/L for patients with diabetes but 1.21 (95% CI 112–1.30; p<0.001) per mmol/L for non-diabetic patients. In conclusion, elevated glucose level in ACS patients on admission is a significant independent predictor of in-hospital mortality and is even more important for patients who do not have known diabetes.
Quantum Search of Spatial Regions ( Extended Abstract ) ∗

Can Grover’s quantum search algorithm speed up search of a physical region—for example a 2-D grid of size √ n×√n? The problem is that √n time seems to be needed for each query, just to move amplitude across the grid. Here we show that this problem can be surmounted, refuting a claim to the contrary by Benioff. In particular, we show how to search a d-dimensional hypercube in time O( √ n) for d ≥ 3, or O(√n log n) for d = 2. More generally, we introduce a model of quantum query complexity on graphs, motivated by fundamental physical limits on information storage, particularly the holographic principle from black hole thermodynamics. Our results in this model include almosttight upper and lower bounds for many search tasks; a generalized algorithm that works for any graph with good expansion properties, not just hypercubes; and relationships among several notions of ‘locality’ for unitary matrices acting on graphs. As an application of our results, we give an O( √ n)-qubit communication protocol for the disjointness problem, which improves an upper bound of Høyer and de Wolf and matches a lower bound of Razborov.