Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does size really matter?: A multisite study assessing the latent structure of the proposed ICD-11 and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD

Background: Researchers and clinicians within the field of trauma have to choose between different diagnostic descriptions of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the DSM-5 and the proposed ICD-11. Several studies support different competing models of the PTSD structure according to both diagnostic systems; however, findings show that the choice of diagnostic systems can affect the estimated prevalence rates. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of using a large (i.e. the DSM-5) compared to a small (i.e. the ICD-11) diagnostic description of PTSD. In other words, does the size of PTSD really matter? Methods: The aim was investigated by examining differences in diagnostic rates between the two diagnostic systems and independently examining the model fit of the competing DSM-5 and ICD-11 models of PTSD across three trauma samples: university students (N = 4213), chronic pain patients (N = 573), and military personnel (N = 118). Results: Diagnostic rates of PTSD were significantly lower according to the proposed ICD-11 criteria in the university sample, but no significant differences were found for chronic pain patients and military personnel. The proposed ICD-11 three-factor model provided the best fit of the tested ICD-11 models across all samples, whereas the DSM-5 seven-factor Hybrid model provided the best fit in the university and pain samples, and the DSM-5 six-factor Anhedonia model provided the best fit in the military sample of the tested DSM-5 models. Conclusions: The advantages and disadvantages of using a broad or narrow set of symptoms for PTSD can be debated, however, this study demonstrated that choice of diagnostic system may influence the estimated PTSD rates both qualitatively and quantitatively. In the current described diagnostic criteria only the ICD-11 model can reflect the configuration of symptoms satisfactorily. Thus, size does matter when assessing PTSD.
Changes in alcohol drinking and subsequent sickness absence

Aims: The aim was to examine whether changes in alcohol drinking are associated with sickness absence. Methods: Repeated postal questionnaires on alcohol drinking were conducted among employees of the City of Helsinki in 2000–2 and 2007 to assess changes in drinking habits between these two time points. Data on the number of self-certified and medically confirmed sickness absences were derived from the employer’s register. Sickness absences were followed from 2007 until the end of 2010 among employees participating in both questionnaire surveys. The study includes 3252 female and 682 male employees 40–60 years old at baseline. Poisson regression was used in the data analysis and population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated. Results: Alcohol drinking was associated especially with self-certified sickness absence. Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for increasing weekly average drinking were 1.38, 1.18–1.62 among women and 1.58, 1.18–2.12 among men. Also stable problem drinking (for women 1.39, 1.26–1.54, for men 1.44, 1.10–1.87) and among women stable heavy drinking (1.53, 1.20–1.94) increased self-certified sickness absence. There were associations between alcohol drinking and medically confirmed sickness absence but these were mainly explained by health and health behaviours. Also, a decrease in weekly average drinking was associated with sickness absence among women whereas among men former problem drinking increased sickness absence. According to the PAF values, problem drinking had a stronger contribution to sickness absence than weekly average drinking. Conclusions: Alcohol drinking is particularly associated with self-certified sickness absence. Reducing adverse drinking habits is likely to prevent sickness absence.
Do soy isoflavones improve cognitive function in postmenopausal women? A meta-analysis

ObjectiveSeveral studies have demonstrated that soy isoflavone (SIF) supplementation can improve aspects of cognitive function. However, these findings remain controversial. We aimed to quantify the effects of SIF supplementation on improving cognitive function in postmenopausal women. MethodsDatabases and relevant Websites were searched for relevant studies up to March 2014. Two reviewers independently verified all potentially suitable randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality of identified RCTs was assessed using the Jadad scale and the Risk of Bias Tool from the “Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. ” Any disagreement on study quality or data extraction was resolved by consensus; a third reviewer was consulted if needed. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) in cognitive function test scores were calculated between SIF-treated and placebo-treated groups. ResultsWe conducted a meta-analysis of 10 placebo-controlled RCTs of SIF supplementation (1,024 participants; treatment duration of 6 wk to 30 mo). The overall SMD in summary cognitive function test scores (0.08) was statistically significant (95% CI, 0.02-0.15; P = 0.014). The summary SMD for visual memory (0.10) was statistically significant (95% CI, 0.02-0.18; P = 0.016). In subgroup analyses, the statistically significant SMDs were as follows: 0.12 (95% CI, 0-0.25; P = 0.044) for non-US countries; 0.16 (95% CI, 0.05-0.28; P = 0.004) for mean age younger than 60 years; and 0.15 (95% CI, 0.03-0.27; P = 0.011) for treatment duration less than 12 months. ConclusionsSIF supplementation seems to have a positive effect on improving summary cognitive function and visual memory in postmenopausal women. There may be a critical window of opportunity in initiating SIF use at an earlier age in postmenopausal women, and geography and treatment duration seem to be factors influencing the effects of SIF supplementation. All individuals in the included studies should be followed up to observe the incidence rates of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, and future studies should report any adverse effects of SIF supplementation.
CAM-LEM Processing: Materials Flexibility

The cut-then-stack paradigm of computer-aided manufacturing of laminated engineering materials (CAM-LEM) offers choice of feedstock material, ease of handling finely divided (and therefore sinterable) powders, and the ability to mix materials. This combination of features was exploited to process fluidic devices. CAM-LEM processing was used to render the Part in aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, and stainless steel.
Semantic image retrieval with fuzzy-ART

Analyzing the contents of an image and retrieving corresponding semantics are important in semantic-based image retrieval system. In this paper, we apply the principal component analysis (PCA) to extract significant image features and then incorporated them with the proposed Two-phase Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory Neural Network (Fuzzy-ARTNN) for image content classification. In general, Fuzzy-ARTNN is an unsupervised neural network. Meanwhile, the training patterns in image content analysis are labeled with corresponding categories. This category information is useful for supervised learning. Thus, a supervised learning mechanism is adopted to label the category of the cluster centers derived by the Fuzzy-ARTNN. Moreover, the semantic information is used for real-world image retrieval. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a high accuracy for semantic-based photograph content analysis, and the result of photograph content analysis is similar to perception of the human eyes. In addition, the accuracy of the region-based image retrieval is improved.
[Intravenous hydrocortisone in large doses in the treatment of delayed ischemic neurological deficits following subarachnoid hemorrhage--results of a multi-center controlled double-blind clinical study].

Glucocorticoid in high dose has known to reduce vascular sensitivity to various vasoconstrictive stimuli. It inhibits phospholipase to reduce production of prostaglandins. It stabilizes the cell membrane and prevents cerebral edema. All these pharmacological effects indicate possible usefulness of this drug for the treatment of cerebral ischemia due to vasospasm. Based on these theoretical backgrounds a multi-center controlled double blind clinical study was carried out. The patient who showed manifestations of delayed cerebral ischemia due to vasospasm were selected for this study. As soon as the clinical manifestation appeared, the patient was given either 3 grams of hydrocortisone intravenously in a 60 ml solution or the placebo. The administration was repeated 6 times with interval of 12 hours. The patients were allowed to be treated according to the independent protocol of each institute except for the maximum daily use of glucocorticoid. The effect of the therapy was evaluated at 4th, 7th day and 1 month after the initiation. The study involved 52 institutes and a total of 140 patients, seventy-one patients who received hydrocortisone (group A) and 69 patients who received placebo (group P) was analysed. There were no significant differences in background data between both groups. In patients with grade I, II or III on admission, the favorable effects of hydrocortisone were demonstrated on changes in neurological findings. In group A, there were significantly more cases of improvement at 4th day for orientation about place and person. At 1 month or on discharge group A showed significant improvement almost in every aspect of neurological findings including mental, speech and motor functions. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dynamic Capabilities, Social Capital, and Rent Appropriation: Ties that Split Pies

Rent appropriation is an emerging area in the strategic management literature. Along these lines, the article explores who reaps the fruits of a dynamic capability. We argue that while social capital is essential for the acquisition, integration, and release of resources at the core of a dynamic capability, actors can also use social capital for personal gain. Thus, social capital may be a key to understanding both rent generation and rent appropriation. Even when causal ambiguity obscures individual contributions, they may use their social capital to establish credible claims on the rent. Specifically, employees who occupy structural holes, span organizational boundaries, or who are highly central may be most able to appropriate rent because their social capital grants credibility to their claims. Rent that is appropriated in this way may be unobservable in performance measures that fail to distinguish normal compensation from rent. We contribute by identifying the specific role of social capital in a dynamic capability and linking social capital to rent appropriation patterns.
Expectation Maximization Algorithm for Domain Specific Ontology Extraction

Learning ontology from unstructured text is a challenging task. Over the years, a lot of research has been done to predict ontological relation between a pair of concepts. However all these measures predict relation with a varying degree of accuracy. There has also been work on learning ontology by combining evidences from heterogeneous sources, but most of these algorithms are ad hoc in nature. In this paper we investigate wide range of evidences to predict relation between a pair of concepts and propose a standardized Expectation Maximization algorithm to construct domain speciﬁc ontology. The proposed approach is completely unsupervised and does not require any seed terms or human intervention. In addition, the proposed approach can also be easily adopted for any language. We have conducted our experiments for two languages Hindi and English and for two domains Health and Tourism. The average F-Score observed in all experiments is above 0.60.
Relationship of Intellectual Capital Dimensions and Performance of Banks in Malaysia: An Exploratory Study

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between dimensions of intellectual capital and performance of banks in Malaysia. The dimensions studied are human capital, relational capital and structural capital. A quantitative survey method was employed and data were collected using questionnaires. The sample was the branch managers of commercial banks in Malaysia, and they were chosen because they are responsible for strategic decisions at the corporate as well as the strategic business unit levels. A total of 1844 questionnaires were mailed to the respondents, and 345 usable responses were received, giving a response rate of 18.70 percent. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the characteristics of the respondents including frequency, mean, and measures of reliability, while multivariate technique employed was multiple regressions. The findings revealed that significant relationships exist between human and structural capitals and bank performance, while no significant relationship was found between relational capital and bank performance. These findings may be of help to banks to utilize more of their internal resources to compete and survive the intensely competitive business environment.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy: A Systematic Literature Review and Evidence for Clinical Use

Abstract Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood-derived product with an increased concentration of platelets in plasma, which are used to deliver supraphysiological levels of growth factors. Platelet-rich plasma has been used in many fields, including oral, maxillofacial, and plastic surgery. Its use in sports medicine has been increasing after recent evidence and media publicity suggest that it may augment the treatment of muscle strains, as well as tendon and ligament healing. Basic science and animal studies show promising results, but high-level clinical trials have yet to prove its efficacy. With increasing media coverage on the use of PRP in athletes, it is paramount that orthopedic surgeons and sports medicine physicians understand the various methods of preparation and administration, potential clinical applications, and available clinical results to best counsel patients on its advantages and disadvantages.
Empirical Study of the Underlying Theoretical Hypotheses in the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) Model: Further Evidence from Bangladesh

This paper examines the underlying hypotheses of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) which states that improvements relating to customers, learning and growth and internal processes improve the financial performance of an organization. In designing current research, the study focused on leading manufacturing and service companies based in Bangladesh and involved a structured questionnaire supported by financial data extracted from financial reports over three years. The results show that the BSC perspectives are positively correlated with each other at a statistically significant level and in a sequential way. Results also evidence that the companies that have improved their ROE and ROA had increased their efforts towards characteristics that involve the learning and growth perspective. This research has shown that Bangladeshi companies that apply a BSC model benefit from increased performance, and these findings have a number of important implications for managers and customers and contribute to our knowledge of the BSC in developing countries.
The Role of Friendship in Relationship Marketing, Investigated in the Retail Service Industries

This study examines the role of friendship in relationship marketing attributes. Specific friendship components are evaluated in terms of their contribution to relationship outcomes, customer loyalty, and customer commitment. We analyze the relationship between friendship and relationship marketing variables in two different service industries. For relationship development, different aspects of friendship are expected to serve as pivotal attributes. The positive effect of friendship on customer commitment and customer loyalty is examined. We also investigate the mediating role of friendship regarding other relationship marketing characteristics. Friendship is evaluated as both an antecedent and as a mediator in relationship marketing outcomes.
Employer branding for SMEs: Attracting graduating students in IT industry

Employer Branding has been an emerging topic in HRM for less than two decades. The concept of Employer Branding is a popular recruitment strategy used by large companies or MNCs. However, researches on the effectiveness of Employer Brand-ing for SMEs are very limited. Thus, this research aims to study the role of Employer Branding in SMEs, especially IT SMEs in Finland. This research focused on the perspectives of graduating students, the prospective employees of SMEs, as the main research targets. The theoretical framework is developed using concepts of Marketing (Lievens and Highhouse (2003)) and Strategic HRM (Barney 1991) and how they are connected within Employer Branding. Quantitative survey is utilised and 181 good responses were collected. The empirical findings suggest that employer branding has positive influence on students' decision to apply for a job in SMEs but on the contrary, the correlation between instrumental and symbolic values of the employer branding to the attitude of the prospective student employees is weak. The study suggests that although Employer Branding is a widely used approach to attract prospective employees by large companies, this concept may not be as effective if applied by the SMEs in the Finnish IT industry.
The Concept of the Gene: Short History and Present Status

The concept of the gene is and has always been a continously evolving one. In order to provide a structure for understanding the concept, its history is divided into classical, neoclassical, and modern periods. The classical view prevailed into the 1930s, and conceived the gene as an indivisible unit of genetic transmission, recombination, mutation, and function. The discovery of intragenic recombination in the early 1940s and the establishment of DNA as the physical basis of inheritance led to the neoclassical concept of the gene, which prevailed until the 1970s. In this view the gene (or cistron, as it was called then) was subdivided into its constituent parts, mutons and recons, indetified as nucleotides. Each cistron was believed to be responsible for the synthesis of a single mRNA and hence for one polypeptide. This colinearity hypothesis prevailed from 1955 to the 1970s. Starting from the early 1970s, DNA technologies have led to the modern period of gene conceptualization, wherein none of the classical or neoclassical criteria are sufficient to define a gene. Modern discoveries include those of repeated genes, split genes and alternative splicing, assembled genes, overlapping genes, transposable genes, complex promoters, multiple polyadenylation sites, polyprotein genes, editing of the primary transcript, and nested genes. We are currently left with a rather abstract, open, and generalized concept of the gene, even though our comprehension of the structure and organization of the genetic material has greatly increased.
Antibodies The VAMP 8 polyclonal antibody was raised in rabbits with the cytosolic N-terminal region of human VAMP 8 as antigen

The molecular mechanism governing the regulated secretion of most exocrine tissues remains elusive, although VAMP8/ endobrevin has recently been shown to be the major vesicular SNARE (v-SNARE) of zymogen granules of pancreatic exocrine acinar cells. In this article, we have characterized the role of VAMP8 in the entire exocrine system. Immunohistochemical studies showed that VAMP8 is expressed in all examined exocrine tissues such as salivary glands, lacrimal (tear) glands, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, mammary glands, and the prostate. Severe anomalies were observed in the salivary and lacrimal glands of VAMP8-null mice. Mutant salivary glands accumulated amylase and carbonic anhydrase VI. Electron microscopy revealed an accumulation of secretory granules in the acinar cells of mutant parotid and lacrimal glands. Pilocarpine-stimulated secretion of saliva proteins was compromised in the absence of VAMP8. Protein aggregates were observed in mutant lacrimal glands. VAMP8 may interact with syntaxin 4 and SNAP-23. These results suggest that VAMP8 may act as a v-SNARE for regulated secretion of the entire exocrine system.
Wildlife and People: Conflict and Conservation in Masai Mara, Kenya

Tourism is the world’s largest industry, and nature-based tourism is an increasingly significant proportion of global tourism. It provides an economic rationale for protected areas and has the potential to generate significant benefits for conservation, local communities and national governments. However, tourism is not cost-free, and uncontrolled and ill-managed tourism can have significant negative impacts on wildlife and the environment in protected areas. This study examined tourism impacts in Masai Mara National Reserve (MMNR), in particular the nature, causes and consequences of impacts on habitat and wildlife, the role of law enforcement, and knowledge and adherence to reserve regulations. The major impact is uncontrolled off-road driving that occurs in accessible areas where vehicle pressure is greatest. This has damaged or destroyed several square kilometres of grassland, although its aesthetic significance may be greater than its ecological effects. Impacts on wildlife appeared limited to short term disturbance by vehicles passing, which was increased with increasing vehicle speed. Wildlife was not displaced permanently by tourism, and habituation in heavily visited areas served to limit the amount of disturbance. Drivers and visitors were generally aware of the MMNR regulations, but regulations were broken in over 90% of lion and cheetah viewing events. The presence of the MMNR animal and habitat protection patrol vehicle limited some infringements but not others.
Local Birefringence in Unidirectionally Spun Fibers

The application of a spinning step in the drawing process is known to improve optical-fiber polarization mode dispersion. For a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism through which spinning modifies fiber performances, in this paper, the authors investigate the effect of unidirectional spinning on local fiber birefringence in terms of the effectiveness of spin-function transfer and reduction of the local intrinsic birefringence under different drawing conditions. The actual frozen-in spin is experimentally recovered by means of a cut-back procedure. Different from the case of a periodic spinning, a unidirectional spinning correctly reproduces the nominally imparted spin rate in agreement with theoretical modelizations of the transfer effectiveness of the spinning process. A theoretical explanation for the experimental evidence, recently proved by tomographic stress measurements, of spinning affecting fiber linear intrinsic birefringence is provided. In particular, the interaction of drawing parameters and spinning process in defining stress development into fibers is considered. To validate the proposed model, further tomographic reconstructions of stress profiles in fiber spun at different rates and drawing speed were carried out. Besides, corresponding stress-induced birefringence values were estimated and compared with those recovered by the cut-back technique. Variations of spun fiber beatlength values with respect to the unspun case, as obtained from both measurement techniques, are in good agreement, providing a further reliable confirmation that an improvement of the beatlength may proceed as a consequence of the applied spin