Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A reply

with shortened r and k times (increased clotting activation) and increased a angle (increased speed of clot formation) and maximal amplitude (increased clot strength) on thromboelastography [3]. An in-vivo study comparing 1000 ml saline and 1000 ml HES reported a procoagulant effect for the saline group with shortened r and k times, increased a angle and maximal amplitude, but an anticoagulant effect for the HES group with decreased a angle and maximal amplitude [4]. It is interesting to note that Shin et al. also reported a decreased a angle and maximal clot force after normovolaemic haemodilution with HES, which is in line with the findings of the previously discussed studies. Shin et al. [1] report that the hypocoagulable state resolved with re-transfusion of stored autologous blood, which they attribute to the replacement of clotting factors. However, they do not provide a timeframe for when this re-transfusion occurred, and it may be that a significant amount of HES had been degraded by this point. Also, mean intra-operative blood loss was significant (1220 ml), which would have resulted in the loss of HES from the circulation; re-transfusion of the autologous blood would have diluted the remaining circulating HES further. It is possible that the reported reversal of the hypocoagulable state was due to levels of circulating HES that were too low to have an effect on clotting. In summary, the type of fluid used in acute normovolaemic haemodilution will affect haemostasis in vivo. We suggest that Shin et al. might have had a different finding if they had used crystalloid fluids. We question their rationale of using a fluid known to affect clotting adversely as part of a haemodilution protocol to reduce overall blood loss, and would invite the authors to comment on these points.
Two-way relay beamforming optimization for full-duplex SWIPT systems

In this paper, we investigate the problem of two-way relay beamforming optimization to maximize the achievable sum-rate of a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system with a full-duplex (FD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) amplify-and-forward (AF) relay. In particular, we address the optimal joint design of the receiver power splitting (PS) ratio and the beamforming matrix at the relay node given the channel state information (CSI). Our contribution is an iterative algorithm based on difference of convex (DC) programming and one-dimensional searching to achieve the joint optimal solution. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Hyperspectral image denoising via sparsity and low rank

Hyperspectral noise is unavoidable in capture and transmission process, and it will degrade the detection and classification performance greatly. Noise free signal can be approximated using few atom or basis, while noisy signal is not. There are lots of similar spatial-spectral structures in noise free hyperspectral image. On the other hand, hyperspectral image of different bands are highly correlated, the rank of hyperspectral data should be low. Based on these ideas, in this paper, we propose a hyperspectral denoising method in sparse representation framework with low rank and nonlocal regulation. Numerical experiment demonstrates that proposed denoising result is competitive with the state of art algorithm.
A Novel Energy Function-Based Stability Evaluation and Nonlinear Control Approach for Energy Internet

Unlike conventional interconnected power systems, energy Internet presents an unsolved and more challenging problem for the society including transfer impedance, damping, large penetration of distributed generation, and numerous hybrid integration of generators and converters. In this paper, a novel energy function designed for energy internet router is proposed to accurately evaluate its transfer stability. The reliability of the proposed energy function is confirmed through both theoretical analysis and empirical simulations. Furthermore, generalized methods to determine critical stable energy, stable domain, and critical clearing time are proposed. By updating stability criterion and evaluating system energy of post-disturbance system, fault energy-based impulsive feedback control method is specifically designed for energy Internet to stabilize the system. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed energy function and nonlinear control method.
3D mmWave Channel Model Proposal

There is growing interest in using millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies for future access communications based on the enormous amount of available spectrum. To characterize the mmWave channel in urban areas, wideband propagation measurements at 73 GHz have recently been made in New York City. Using the measurements, a ray-tracing study has been conducted using databases for the same environments as the measurements, allowing a simple ray-tracer to predict measured statistics such as path loss and angles of arrival in the same physical environment of the measurements. In this paper a preliminary 3GPP-style 3D mmWave channel model is developed with special emphasis on using the ray tracer to determine elevation model parameters. The channel model includes distance-dependent elevation modeling which is critical for the expected 2D arrays which will be employed at mmWave.
Searching for alignments in SMT. A novel approach based on an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm

In statistical machine translation, an alignment defines a mapping between the words in the source and in the target sentence. Alignments are used, on the one hand, to train the statistical models and, on the other, during the decoding process to link the words in the source sentence to the words in the partial hypotheses generated. In both cases, the quality of the alignments is crucial for the success of the translation process. In this paper, we propose an algorithm based on an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm for computing alignments between two sentences in a parallel corpus. This algorithm has been tested on different tasks involving different pair of languages. In the different experiments presented here for the two word-alignment shared tasks proposed in the HLT-NAACL 2003 and in the ACL 2005, the EDAbased algorithm outperforms the best participant systems.
Thin Film Resistors

The sections in this article are 1 Historical Development 2 Design Concepts 3 Wafer-Scale Fabrication 4 Materials 5 Finished Formats 6 Performance Characteristics 7 Summary of the Advantages of Thin Film, Integrated Resistor Construction 8 Nicr Thin Film Resistors 9 Tantalum Nitride Thin Film Resistors 10 Ruthenium Oxide Thin Film Resistors 11 Double-Layer Ruo2/Ta2N Thin Film Resistors 12 Conclusion
Modifications to the Peptidoglycan Backbone Help Bacteria To Establish Infection

ABSTRACT Bacterial pathogens that colonize mucosal surfaces have acquired resistance to antimicrobials that are abundant at these sites. One of the main antimicrobials present on mucosal surfaces is lysozyme, a muramidase that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan backbone of bacteria. Cleavage of the peptidoglycan backbone leads to bacterial cell death and lysis, which releases bacterial fragments, including peptidoglycan, at the site of infection. Peptidoglycan fragments can be recognized by host receptors and initiate an immune response that will aid in clearing infection. Many mucosal pathogens modify the peptidoglycan residues surrounding the cleavage site for lysozyme to avoid peptidoglycan degradation and the release of these proinflammatory fragments. This review will focus specifically on peptidoglycan modifications, their role in lysozyme resistance, and downstream effects on the host immune response to infection.
The development, implementation and evaluation of a transitional care programme to improve outcomes of frail older patients after hospitalisation.

BACKGROUND fragmented healthcare systems are poorly suited to treat the increasing number of older patients with multimorbidity. OBJECTIVE to report on the development, implementation and evaluation of a regional transitional care programme, aimed at improving the recovery rate of frail hospitalised older patients. METHODS the programme was drafted in co-creation with organisations representing older adults, care providers and knowledge institutes. Conducting an action research project, the incidence of adverse outcomes within 3 months after hospital admission, and long-term care expenses (LTCE) were compared between samples in 2010-11 (pre-programme) and 2012-13 (post-programme) in frail and non-frail patients. Hospitalised patients aged ≥70 years were included in four hospitals in the targeted region. RESULTS developed innovations addressed (i) improved risk management; (ii) delivery of integrated, function-oriented care; (iii) specific geriatric interventions; and (iv) optimisation of transfers. The incidence of adverse outcomes was compared in 813 and 904 included patients respectively in the two samples. In frail patients, the incidence of adverse outcomes decreased from 49.2% (149/303) in the pre-programme sample to 35.5% (130/366) in the post-programme sample. The risk ratio (RR), adjusted for heterogeneity between hospitals, was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.60-0.87). In non-frail patients the incidence of adverse outcomes remained unchanged (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.76-1.36). LTCE were similar in the two samples. CONCLUSIONS by involving stakeholders in designing and developing the transitional care programme, commitment of healthcare providers was secured. Feasible innovations in integrated transitional care for frail older patients after hospitalisation were sustainably implemented from within healthcare organisations.
Task Allocation Algorithm for the Cooperating Group of Light Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Abstract In this paper a task allocation problem for multi-UAV systems was considered. The possibility of applying a consensus approach to organize a distribution of tasks in an autonomous group of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is studied. The use of several small UAVs with autonomous distribution of tasks gives a significant advantage over the use of a single UAV. The well-known consensus protocol — local voting protocol is suggested to solve this problem. To provide the communication in the network multi-agent technologies are used.
Chemistry–climate interactions of aerosol nitrate from lightning

Abstract. Lightning represents one of the dominant emission sources for NOx in the troposphere. The direct release of oxidised nitrogen in the upper troposphere does not only affect ozone formation, but also chemical and microphysical properties of aerosol particles in this region. This study investigates the direct impact of LNOx emissions on upper-tropospheric nitrate using a global chemistry climate model. The simulation results show a substantial influence of the lightning emissions on the mixing ratios of nitrate aerosol in the upper troposphere of more than 50 %. In addition to the impact on nitrate, lightning substantially affects the oxidising capacity of the atmosphere with substantial implications for gas-phase sulfate formation and new particle formation in the upper troposphere. In conjunction with the condensation of nitrates, substantial differences in the aerosol size distribution occur in the upper troposphere as a consequence of lightning. This has implications for the extinction properties of the aerosol particles and for the cloud optical properties. While the extinction is generally slightly enhanced due to the LNOx emissions, the response of the clouds is ambiguous due to compensating effects in both liquid and ice clouds. Resulting shortwave flux perturbations are of ∼ −100 mW m−2 as determined from several sensitivity scenarios, but an uncertainty range of almost 50 % has to be defined due to the large internal variability of the system and the uncertainties in the multitude of involved processes. Despite the clear statistical significance of the influence of lightning on the nitrate concentrations, the robustness of the findings gradually decreases towards the determination of the radiative flux perturbations.
Changes in the Mechanical Properties of Ti Samples with TiN and TiN/TiO2 Coatings Deposited by Different PVD Methods

The metallic implants represent a major class of the hard tissue replacement materials. In order to enhance the surface properties of the titanium alloys multicomponent coatings containing ceramic phases are employed to improve the tribological performance, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The mechanical properties (elastic modulus, necking region, loss of adhesion) of arc PVD TiN and TiN/TiO2 coatings deposited on unalloyed Ti (99 wt. %) foil were examined by nanoindentation, uniaxial tensile test while applying a new approach - using thermal imaging camera during the test. The hardness of the TiN coating reached values of 9649 MPa and 67 GPa, while that of the TiN/TiO2 was lowered down to 8774 MPa and 58.5 GPa which low values are closer to that of the cortical bone. The mechanical behavior of TiN/TiO2 coated material characterized it as a more plastic system indicating a good deformability while the TiN displayed more fragile behavior. There were no signs of loss of adhesion or loss of coating integrity up to maximum load for all tested TiN and TiN/TiO2 coated samples. The thermal analysis proves that the coated samples show lower thermal conductivity, which is very important for the performance of an endosseous dental implant for example.
Role of the MexEF-OprN Efflux System in Low-Level Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Ciprofloxacin

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the resistance mechanisms to fluoroquinolones of 85 non-cystic fibrosis strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibiting a reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MICs from 0.25 to 2 μg/ml). In addition to MexAB-OprM (31 of 85 isolates) and MexXY/OprM (39 of 85), the MexEF-OprN efflux pump (10 of 85) was found to be commonly upregulated in this population that is considered susceptible or of intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, according to current breakpoints. Analysis of the 10 MexEF-OprN overproducers (nfxC mutants) revealed the presence of various mutations in the mexT (2 isolates), mexS (5 isolates), and/or mvaT (2 isolates) genes, the inactivation of which is known to increase the expression of the mexEF-oprN operon in reference strain PAO1-UW. However, these genes were intact in 3 of 10 of the clinical strains. Interestingly, ciprofloxacin at 2 μg/ml or 4 μg/ml preferentially selected nfxC mutants from wild-type clinical strains (n = 10 isolates) and from first-step mutants (n = 10) overexpressing Mex pumps, thus indicating that MexEF-OprN represents a major mechanism by which P. aeruginosa may acquire higher resistance levels to fluoroquinolones. These data support the notion that the nfxC mutants may be more prevalent in the clinical setting than anticipated and strongly suggest the involvement of still unknown genes in the regulation of this efflux system.
Layout techniques supporting the use of dual supply voltages for cell-based designs

Gate-level voltage scaling is an approach that allows different supply voltages for different gates in order to achieve power reduction. Previous researches focused on determining the voltage level for each gate and ascertaining the power saving capability of the approach via logic-level power estimation. In this paper, we present layout techniques that make the approach feasible in a cell-based design environment. A new block layout style is proposed to support the voltage scaling with conventional standard cell libraries. The block layout can be automatically generated via a simulated annealing based placement algorithm. In addition, we propose a new cell layout style with built-in multiple supply rails. Using the cell layout, gate-level voltage scaling can be immediately embedded in a typical cell-based design flow. Experimental results show that proposed techniques produce very promising results.
Exploration and reduction of high dimensional spaces with independent component analysis

The application of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to genomic data is here considered. In recent years, microarrays have delivered to researchers huge series of measurements of gene expression levels under different experimental conditions. This work, for instance, emphasizes exploratory data analysis following experimental work on the popular Escherichia coli; the context is a typical one in which changes in gene expression values are observed after perturbing genes at an initial time and measuring the responses at regular time intervals until the steady state is achieved. The gene temporal patterns are as usual very short, and it is no exception for the application here described, as only six time points are available. This aspect combines with a very large feature space (i.e., the gene dimensionality). Thus, several kinds of fluctuations have to be monitored, and many are discarded because not significantly different from noise. ICA represents a very flexible signal processing tool which attempts to deal with noise as well, although the expected impact involves its most inherent property of delivering a decomposition of the gene profiles according to statistically independent sources of information. The latter are most likely linked to underlying biological processes regulating the genes, but it is not a goal of this paper to characterize these biological aspects, since this is a subject of ongoing research which requires further experimental investigation and tests before drawing any important conclusion. However, the initial computational results which have been obtained are very encouraging, and thus they are presented here together with some interesting problem-specific aspects. i
A Computational Framework to Assess the Influence of Changes in Vascular Geometry on Blood Flow

Many vascular abnormalities, such as aneurysms or stenoses, develop gradually over time. In the early stages of their development, they require monitoring but do not pose sufficient risk to the patient for a clinician to recommend invasive treatment. With a better understanding of the interplay between hemodynamic factors and changes in blood vessel geometry, there is an opportunity to improve clinical care by earlier identification of aneurysms or stenoses with significant potential for further development. Computational fluid dynamics has shown great promise for investigating this interplay and identifying the associated underlying mechanisms, by using patient-derived geometries and modifying them to represent potential evolution of the vascular disease. However, a general, extensible framework for comparing simulation results from different vascular geometries in a direct, quantitative manner does not currently exist. As a first step toward the development of such a framework, we present a method for quantifying the relationship between changes in vascular geometry and hemodynamic factors, such as wall shear stress. We apply this framework to study the correlation between wall shear stress and geometric changes in two opposite settings: when flow properties are associated with consequent changes in the vascular geometry, as in a thoracic aortic aneurysm, and when geometric changes alter the flow, as in a worsening aortic stenosis.
Similarity-based matching method for handwriting retrieval

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new robust algorithm to retrieve information in handwriting scripts. For example, digital pen is popular on some electronic device such as Pocket PC and Tablet PC in recent years. It is helpful for users to index information such like keyword and symbol from handwriting script. Digital devices can capture the trace of pen exactly. The basic idea of this algorithm is that we calculate the “distance” between two scripts to determine if the two scripts are similar enough to be the same. Compared with other systems, the new retrieval algorithm can get a higher accuracy. In addition, we present results obtained by using an implementation of this algorithm.
Text and image area classification in mobile scanned digitised documents

Post processing and automatic interpretation of images plays an increasingly important role in the mobile area. Both for the efficient compression and for the automatic evaluation of text, it is useful to store text content as textual information rather than as graphics information. For this purpose pictures from magazines are recorded with the camera of a smartphone and classified according to text and image areas. In this work established desktop procedures are presented and analysed in terms of their applications on mobile devices. Based on these methods, an approach for image segmentation and classification on mobile devices is developed, taking into account the limited resources of these mobile devices.
Effects of computerized physician order entry and clinical decision support systems on medication safety: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND Iatrogenic injuries related to medications are common, costly, and clinically significant. Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) and clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) may reduce medication error rates. METHODS We identified trials that evaluated the effects of CPOE and CDSSs on medication safety by electronically searching MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library and by manually searching the bibliographies of retrieved articles. Studies were included for systematic review if the design was a randomized controlled trial, a nonrandomized controlled trial, or an observational study with controls and if the measured outcomes were clinical (eg, adverse drug events) or surrogate (eg, medication errors) markers. Two reviewers extracted all the data. Discussion resolved any disagreements. RESULTS Five trials assessing CPOE and 7 assessing isolated CDSSs met the criteria. Of the CPOE studies, 2 demonstrated a marked decrease in the serious medication error rate, 1 an improvement in corollary orders, 1 an improvement in 5 prescribing behaviors, and 1 an improvement in nephrotoxic drug dose and frequency. Of the 7 studies evaluating isolated CDSSs, 3 demonstrated statistically significant improvements in antibiotic-associated medication errors or adverse drug events and 1 an improvement in theophylline-associated medication errors. The remaining 3 studies had nonsignificant results. CONCLUSIONS Use of CPOE and isolated CDSSs can substantially reduce medication error rates, but most studies have not been powered to detect differences in adverse drug events and have evaluated a small number of "homegrown" systems. Research is needed to evaluate commercial systems, to compare the various applications, to identify key components of applications, and to identify factors related to successful implementation of these systems.
An optimized AODV protocol based on clustering for WSNs

Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (AODV) is one of the most common reactive protocols used in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) which also has been used in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In AODV protocol, the flooding mechanism is used to establish routes, which consumes much energy. In this paper, an enhancement in AODV for WSNs is proposed. We leverage clustering algorithm to control the flooding for establishing routes. This will save much energy and prolong the network lifetime. Furthermore, if the data need to be transmitted more than once, a shorter route should be figured out according to the established route. The approach for shorter route is also presented. Simulations have been carried out to test the efficiency of the proposed method.