Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relative Contribution Exerted by AF-1 and AF-2 Transactivation Functions in Estrogen Receptor α Transcriptional Activity Depends upon the Differentiation Stage of the Cell*

The activity of the transactivation functions (activation function (AF)-1 and AF-2) of the estrogen receptor α (ERα) is cell-specific. This study aimed to decipher the yet unclear mechanisms involved in this differential cell sensitivity, with particular attention to the specific influence that cell differentiation may have on these processes. Hence, we comparatively evaluated the permissiveness of cells to either ERα AFs in two different cases: (i) a series of cell lines originating from a common tissue, but with distinct differentiation phenotypes; and (ii) cell lines that undergo differentiation processes in culture. These experiments demonstrate that the respective contribution that AF-1 and AF-2 make toward ERα activity varies in a cell differentiation stage-dependent manner. Specifically, whereas AF-1 is the dominant AF involved in ERα transcriptional activity in differentiated cells, the more a cell is de-differentiated the more this cell mediates ERα signaling through AF-2. For instance, AF-2 is the only active AF in cells that have achieved their epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, the stable expression of a functional ERα in strictly AF-2 permissive cells restores an AF-1-sensitive cell context. These results, together with data obtained in different ERα-positive cell lines tested strongly suggest that the transcriptional activity of ERα relies on its AF-1 in most estrogen target cell types.
(Acetylacetone isonicotinoylhydrazonato-κ3 O,N′,O′)dioxidovanadate(V) monohydrate

The hydrazone anion in the title compound, [V(C11H12N3O2)O2]·H2O, is zwitterionic as its pyridyl N atom is protonated; the O, N and O′ atoms span the axial–equatorial–axial positions of the trigonal-bipyramidal coordination polyhedron of the metal atom. All non-H atoms lie on a crystallographic mirror plane apart from the oxide ligands, which are related by mirror symmetry. The pyridinium N atom acts as a hydrogen-bond donor to the solvent water molecule, which is in turn a hydrogen-bond donor to the both oxide ligands. These hydrogen-bonding interactions give rise to a three-dimensional network motif.
A statistical feature based novel method to detect bleeding in wireless capsule endoscopy images

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a recently developed technology to detect small intestine diseases, such as bleeding. In this paper, a scheme for automatic bleeding detection from WCE video is proposed based on different statistical measures computed from a new red to green (R/G) pixel ratio intensity plane of RGB color images. Different statistical parameters, namely mean, mode, maximum, minimum, skewness, median, variance, and kurtosis are used to extract variation in spatial characteristics in R/G intensity plane of bleeding and non-bleeding WCE RGB images. Depending on the ability to provide significantly distinguishable characteristics, in the proposed feature vector, median, variance, and kurtosis of R/G ratio values corresponding to a WCE image are considered. For the purpose of classification, K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier is employed. From extensive experimentation on several WCE videos collected from a publicly available database, it is observed that the proposed method can successfully detect bleeding and non-bleeding images with high level of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in comparison to that of some of the existing methods.
Comparison of the bleeding potential of vampire bat salivary plasminogen activator versus tissue plasminogen activator in an experimental rabbit model.

BACKGROUND Vampire bat salivary plasminogen activator (Bat-PA) has significantly greater fibrin specificity than any of the fibrinolytic agents currently in clinical use. This study tests the hypothesis that avoiding fibrinogen depletion may protect against the hemorrhage induced by plasminogen activator treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS Bat-PA was compared with tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA) in a randomized, prospective, and blinded study using a rabbit ear puncture model of fibrinolytic bleeding. The two agents were used at equimolar dosages (42 nmol/kg) that yielded similar thrombolytic efficacies in a rabbit femoral artery thrombosis model. Both Bat-PA and TPA prolong primary bleeding to double the baseline values, from between 2.1 and 2.3 minutes to between 4.8 and 5.2 minutes. Rebleeding from hemostatically stable sites during the 3-hour observation period occurred equally often with Bat-PA and TPA, 31% from preinjection sites and 23% to 25% from postinjection sites. The lag time between the time of plasminogen activator injection and the onset of rebleeding was likewise the same for both agents, most occurring at 41 to 57 minutes. However, a greater number of prolonged primary or rebleeding occurrences continued for longer than 10 minutes (63% versus 36%) or longer than 30 minutes (30% versus 10%) after Bat-PA than TPA injection. Animals treated with TPA showed a dramatic decrease in plasma fibrinogen and factor VIII concentrations, but those in the Bat-PA treatment group showed only a slight decrease from control values. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that fibrinolytic bleeding after plasminogen activator infusion into rabbits did not correlate with the intensity of the plasma proteolytic state. If anything, Bat-PA usage was associated with a higher proportion of more protracted fibrinolytic bleeding episodes, despite the relatively mild lytic state in comparison with that induced by TPA.
High-Voltage Isolation Technique Using Fe Ion Implantation for Monolithic Integration of AlGaN/GaN Transistors

Ion implantation technique can be applied for planar isolation of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFETs), which enables high-density integration of the power switching transistors. So far, the reported isolation using ion implantation for GaN devices has never maintained high isolation voltages after high-temperature processing over 800 °C which is commonly used for the fabrication. In this paper, we present detailed analysis and mechanism of thermally stable isolation of GaN devices by Fe ion implantation keeping high breakdown voltage between the devices after high-temperature annealing. Ion species forming deep levels at atomic sites in GaN are examined by using first-principle calculation prior to the experiments. The calculation indicates that the Fe ions stay at Ga sites with deep levels in GaN. The following experiments using various ion species well agree with the aforementioned predictions, where implanted regions by other ions than Fe exhibit reduction of the resistivity after high-temperature annealing to recover the processing damage by the ion implantation. As a result, it is experimentally found that Fe is the only choice to serve high resistivity after the annealing. The Fe ion implantation enables high breakdown voltage of 900 V after the annealing at 1200 °C. This technique is indispensable to enable monolithic integration of the lateral AlGaN/GaN HFETs for high-voltage power switching systems.
Effects of dopamine transporter and receptor polymorphisms on smoking cessation in a bupropion clinical trial.

This study examined the role of dopaminergic genes in prospective smoking cessation and response to bupropion treatment in a placebo-controlled clinical trial. Smokers of European ancestry (N=418) provided blood samples for genetic analysis and received either bupropion or placebo (10 weeks) plus counseling. Assessments included the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) genotype, dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) genotype, demographic factors, and nicotine dependence. Smoking status was verified at the end of treatment (EOT) and at 6-month follow-up. The results provided evidence for a significant DRD2 * SLC6A3 interaction effect on prolonged smoking abstinence and time to relapse at EOT, independent of treatment condition. Such effects were no longer significant at 6-month follow-up, however. These results provide the first evidence from a prospective clinical trial that genes that alter dopamine function may influence smoking cessation and relapse during the treatment phase.
TLM modelling of an annular ring coupled to a circular patch with a shorting pin

This paper investigates possibilities and advantages of the integral cylindrical TLM method when the subject of modelling is a coax-fed circular patch antenna with a shorting pin and an annular ring. To point out advantages of the cylindrical TLM mesh, obtained results representing S11 parameter and input impedance of the modelled antenna are compared with corresponding results reached by the rectangular grid based TLM method for different mesh resolutions as well as with referenced measured results.
Stem Cells and Kidney Disease

Functional recovery in acute renal failure is well known, and the adult kidney is generally recognized to have the capacity to regenerate and repair. Several groups have reported the contribution of bone marrow–derived cells in this process, and others have confirmed the existence of adult stem cells in the kidney, including slow-cycling cells, side population cells, CD133+ cells and rKS56 cells. However, recent data demonstrated that in vivo differentiation of bone marrow–derived cells into renal tubular cells may not occur at all, or is at most a minor component of the repair process. Moreover, it is now generally accepted that stem cells and multipotent cells contribute to the regenerative process by producing protective and regenerative factors rather than by directly differentiating to replace damaged cells. Therefore, for clinical regenerative medicine in kidney disease, the focus of stem cell biology will shift from multiple differentiation of cells or cell-therapy to multiple functions of the cells, such as the production of bone morphologic protein-7 and other regenerative factors.
Enhanced fos expression in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) brain following first courtship

Young zebra finch males that court a female for the first time develop a stable preference for the females of that species. On the neuronal level, consolidation of the imprinted information takes place. Here we demonstrate that first courtship or being chased around in the cage leads to enhanced fos expression in forebrain areas implicated in learning and imprinting in zebra finch males compared with birds reared in isolation or in the aviary. Two of the forebrain areas highly active during first courtship (as demonstrated by the 14C‐2‐deoxyglucose technique), the imprinting locus latral neo/hyperstriatum ventrale (LNH) and the secondary visual area hyperstriatum accessorium/dorsale (HAD), demonstrate enhanced fos expression. Two other imprinting‐related areas, the medial neo/hyperstriatum ventrale (MNH) and archistriatum/neostriatum caudale (ANC), do show c‐fos induction; however, the areas are not congruous with those demarcated by the 2‐DG autoradiographic studies. Additional telencephalic areas include the olfactory lobe, the information storage site lobus parolfactorius (LPO), the memory site hippocampus, the auditory caudomedial neostriatum implicated in the strength of song learning, and the caudolateral neostriatum, which is comparable to the mammalian prefrontal cortex. In addition, c‐fos is induced by first courtship and chasing in neurosecretory cell groups of the preoptic area and hypothalamus associated with the repertoire of sexual behavior and stress or enhanced arousal. Enhanced fos expression is also observed in brainstem sources of specific (noradrenergic, catecholaminergic) and nonspecific (reticular formation) activating pathways with inputs to higher brain areas implicated in the imprinting process. Birds reared in isolation or alternatively in the aviary with social and sexual contact to conspecifics showed attenuated or no fos expression in most of the above‐mentioned areas. First courtship and chasing both lead to enhanced uptake of 2‐DG in the four imprinting areas, as well as subsequent changes in spine density—an anatomical manifestation of the imprinting process. fos expression in the imprinting and other telencephalic, preoptic, hypothalamic, and mesencephalic brain regions indicates processing of stimuli originating from exposure (like chasing) and the analysis of stimuli in a behaviorally relevant, sexually explicit context (like first courtship). c‐fos induction in these brain areas indicates its involvement in the triggering of neural changes that accompany the learning process of imprinting, leading eventually to alterations in dendritic spine density in the zebra finch. J. Comp. Neurol. 448:150–164, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐ Liss, Inc.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MELANOMA: A REVIEW

Summary The principal factors in the incidence of melanoma are racial susceptibility, skin pigmentation and latitude of domicile. Celts, Norwegians and Swedes all have higher incidences of melanoma than people of similar skin colour living in the same latitude. Skin pigment protects but the pigmented races have higher incidences of melanoma in the less pigmented regions such as the sole of the foot and the various squamous mucosae. There is a direct relationship with latitude of residence and its duration, melanoma incidence being higher with proximity to the equator. Apart from these racial and environmental factors, there seem also to be endogenous factors responsible for familial melanoma and for the development of melanoma in young persons. Multiplicity of primary growths is a feature in familial cases.
Multiple Measurements, Elusive Agreement, and Unstable Outcomes in the Study of Regime Change

This comprehensive analysis of regime change indicators reveals that problems of conceptualization and measurement are major reasons why current quantitative research fails to draw compelling conclusions that foster cumulative knowledge. The article first proposes the distinction between two forms of regime change—rupture and reform—and discusses the specific conceptual and measurement challenges scholars encounter yet largely fail to address when studying either form of change. Second, the article shows that agreement between indicators of regime change is low and driven by focal points such as elections and coups, suggesting that such measures often reflect notable events instead of regime change per se. This implies that indicator choice determines the set of cases for causal inference. Finally, a robustness check of nine articles on regime change published in top journals demonstrates that findings are often not robust to alternative indicators, implying that indicator choice influences the results of quantitative studies.
Wireless power transfer: Are children more exposed than adults?

Aiming at comparing the exposure levels among children and adults, this paper investigates the exposure due to a representative wireless power transfer system in three different human body models, i.e. adult male and female as well as a child. A dosimetry study has been performed to evaluate the exposure levels with respect to the ICNIRP basic restrictions. Differences in terms of dosimetric quantities (E<inf>99</inf>, J<inf>1cm</inf><sup>2</sup>, and local and whole body SAR) has been assessed and reported. Maximum allowable input power has been computed for a representative scenario. It has been found that, for the considered scenario, the exposure due to a resonant WPT system in a child is the same or lower than in an adult. Moreover, the impact of the body dimensions is more pronounced for peak RMS values of E<inf>99</inf> and J<inf>1cm</inf><sup>2</sup> compared to those obtained for SAR<inf>10g</inf> and SAR<inf>wb</inf>· J<inf>1cm</inf><sup>2</sup> is found to be the most restrictive dosimetric quantity for both the child and adults.
Optimal control of irrigation canals based on control vector parametrization

This paper presents the control vector parametrization (CVP) method to solve the optimal control problem of irrigation canals with boundary constraints of the gate openings. The mathematical model of a multi-pool cascaded canal is built based on the Saint-Venant equations. The formulation of the optimal control problem with the gate opening boundary constraints of the cascaded irrigation canals is then established. The control vector parametrization (CVP) method was then introduced to solve this optimal control problem. Through the CVP method, the original infinite dimensional problem to obtain the optimal control trajectory is reduced to a finite dimensional nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. The computational burden of solving the optimal control problem is reduced greatly, the boundary constraints on the gate openings are treated effectively as well. Thus, the optimal control algorithm for the irrigation canal systems is designed. The proposed algorithm is solved by MATLAB simulations for both a single canal system and a 2-pool cascaded canal. The control performance of the algorithm is implemented and evaluated using a fully nonlinear model SICC.
An efficient square-root algorithm for BLAST

Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (BLAST) is a scheme for transmitting information over a rich-scattering wireless environment using multiple receive and transmit antennas. The main computational bottleneck in the BLAST algorithm is a "nulling and cancellation" step, where the optimal ordering for the sequential estimation and detection of the received signals is determined. To reduce the computational cost of BLAST, we develop an efficient square-root algorithm for the nulling and cancellation step. The main features of the algorithm include efficiency: the computational cost is reduced by 0.7 M, where M is the number of transmit antennas, and numerical stability: the algorithm is division-free and uses only orthogonal transformations. In a 14 antenna system designed for transmission of 1 Mbit/s over a 30 kHz channel, the nulling and cancellation computation is reduced from 190 MFlops/s to 19 MFlops/s, with the overall computations being reduced from 220 MFlops/s to 49 MFlops/s. The numerical stability of the algorithm also make it attractive for implementation in fixed-point (rather than floating-point) architectures.
A Rotation Invariant Feature and Image Normalization Based Image Watermarking Algorithm

In this paper, a rotation invariant feature and image normalization based image watermarking algorithm is proposed. The rotation invariant features are extracted. Subregions centered at those feature points are used for watermark embedding and detection. Image normalization is applied to those subregions to achieve the scaling invariance. This image watermarking algorithm is rotation and scaling invariant and the experimental results show its effectiveness.
Sathyabama nanosatellite - payload subsystem

In this paper, we present the objectives and features of the payload subsystem of SNSAT, the nanosatellite which is to be launched by SathyabamaUniversity in near future. The payload comprises of the spectrometer and its interface, with the prime aim to detect the concentration of five major constitutes green house gases namely, Carbon Dioxide, Water, Carbon Monoxide, Methane and Hydrogen Fluoride whose wavelength range between 900nm and 2. 5μm (near infrared band). It records infrared radiation emitted from the Earth's surface. By absorption spectrometry, absorption and the column density of these gases can be obtained. Linear Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) photodiode detector array is employed. The array is hybrid InGaAs and CMOS active-pixel readout electronics. Detector has Spectral Resolution is approximately 6 nm. Optics employs 35 mm optics to collimate radiation from a 1 km tile onto a diffraction grating and then focus it onto the detector array. Data packets are processed and transmitted to the OBC subsystem using either RS232 interface or TLL logic at a period of 100ms. The payload is designed to consume less than 1 watts of power.
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck1) helps regulate the triglyceride/fatty acid cycle and development of insulin resistance in mice[S]

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck1) in the development of insulin resistance. Previous studies have shown that the roles of Pck1 in white adipose tissue (WAT) in glyceroneogenesis and reesterification of free fatty acids (FFA) to generate triglyceride are vital for the prevention of diabetes. We hypothesized that insulin resistance develops when dysregulation of Pck1 occurs in the triglyceride/fatty acid cycle, which regulates lipid synthesis and transport between adipose tissue and the liver. We examined this by analyzing mice with a deletion of the PPARγ binding site in the promoter of Pck1 (PPARE−/−). This mutation reduced the fasting Pck1 mRNA expression in WAT in brown adipose tissue (BAT). To analyze insulin resistance, we performed hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic glucose clamp analyses. PPARE−/− mice were profoundly insulin resistant and had more FFA and glycerol released during the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp compared with wild-type mice (WT). Finally, we analyzed insulin secretion in isolated islets. We found a 2-fold increase in insulin secretion in the PPARE−/− mice at 16.7 mM glucose. Thus, the PPARE site in the Pck1 promoter is essential for maintenance of lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis and disease prevention.
Binding and uptake of diphtheria toxin by toxin-resistant Chinese hamster ovary and mouse cells

We investigated two phenotypically distinct types of diphtheria toxin-resistant mutants of Chinese hamster cells and compared their resistance with that of naturally resistant mouse cells. All are resistant due to a defect in the process of internalization and delivery of toxin to its target in the cytosol, elongation factor 2. By cell hybridization studies, analysis of cross-resistance, and determination of specific binding sites for 125I-labeled diphtheria toxin, we showed that these cell strains fall into two distinct complementation groups. The Dipr group encompasses Chinese hamster strains that are resistant only to diphtheria toxin, as well as mouse LM cells. These strains possess a normal complement of high-affinity binding sites for diphtheria toxin, but these receptors are unable to deliver active toxin fragment A to the cytosol. Cells of the DPVr group have a broader spectrum of resistance, including Pseudomonas exotoxin A and several enveloped viruses as well as diphtheria toxin. In these studies, which investigate the resistance of these cells to diphtheria toxin, we demonstrate that they possess a reduced number of specific binding sites for this toxin and behave, phenotypically, like cells treated with the proton ionophore monensin. Their resistance is related to a defect in a mechanism required for release of active toxin from the endocytic vesicle.
Emigrant Selection and Wages: The Case of Poland

In this paper, I use a unique individual-level pre-migration labour market dataset for Poland to examine emigrant selection in two major destination countries, the United Kingdom and Germany. I compare the pre-migration observable and unobservable characteristics of emigrants with those of non-emigrants in Poland. First, I find that Polish emigrants to the UK are more similarly educated to non-emigrants while being more negatively selected on residual wages. Second, emigrants to Germany are disproportionately more likely to fall in the middle of the education distribution but they are no different than non-emigrants in terms of unobservable skills. The familiar predictions of the Borjas (1987) model allow me to partially undercover the mechanism driving the selection patterns of Polish emigrants. I contribute to the migrant selection literature by providing additional evidence on how migrants respond to differences in both labour markets and migration policies across countries.