Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corrective Emotional Experience in the Therapeutic Process

While we are using Alexander's work as a beginning point for this analysis of corrective emotional experience in the therapeutic process, we extend the concept beyond the level of ego experience (emotion, memory, and cognition) to that of Self or Soul experience (the transpersonal realms of collective unconscious, subtle energy, and the spirit world). Our analysis is grounded on the basic premise of our developmental theory, which is existential, transcendent, and karmic. Healing unresolved traumas from early life requires accessing the events that produced the trauma, re-experiencing them cathartically in the original ego state, and reframing the meaning of the experience through corrective emotional experiences. We identify more than twenty types of corrective experiences, and suggest that they all fit into one of three categories: (1) building ego strength through release of shame and reclaiming worthiness; (2) building agency through release of helplessness and reclaiming personal power; and (3) building authenticity through release of dissociation and identification and reclaiming self-reflective identity.
Generalized Expansion Dimension

In this paper we propose a framework for modeling the intrinsic dimensionality of data sets. The models can be viewed as generalizations of the expansion dimension, which was originally proposed for the analysis of certain similarity search indices using the Euclidean distance metric. Here, we extend the original model to other metric spaces: vector spaces with the Lp or vector angle (cosine similarity) distance measures, as well as product spaces for categorical data. We also provide a practical guide for estimating both local and global intrinsic dimensionality. The estimates of data complexity can subsequently be used in the design and analysis of algorithms for data mining applications such as search, clustering, classification, and outlier detection.
Improving datacenter performance and robustness with multipath TCP

The latest large-scale data centers offer higher aggregate bandwidth and robustness by creating multiple paths in the core of the net- work. To utilize this bandwidth requires different flows take different paths, which poses a challenge. In short, a single-path transport seems ill-suited to such networks. We propose using Multipath TCP as a replacement for TCP in such data centers, as it can effectively and seamlessly use available bandwidth, giving improved throughput and better fairness on many topologies. We investigate what causes these benefits, teasing apart the contribution of each of the mechanisms used by MPTCP. Using MPTCP lets us rethink data center networks, with a different mindset as to the relationship between transport protocols, rout- ing and topology. MPTCP enables topologies that single path TCP cannot utilize. As a proof-of-concept, we present a dual-homed variant of the FatTree topology. With MPTCP, this outperforms FatTree for a wide range of workloads, but costs the same. In existing data centers, MPTCP is readily deployable leveraging widely deployed technologies such as ECMP. We have run MPTCP on Amazon EC2 and found that it outperforms TCP by a factor of three when there is path diversity. But the biggest benefits will come when data centers are designed for multipath transports.
Establishment of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Bistability and Sustained Activation through Sprouty 2 and Its Relevance for Epithelial Function

ABSTRACT Our objective was to establish an experimental model of a self-sustained and bistable extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling process. A single stimulation of cells with cytokines causes rapid ERK1/2 activation, which returns to baseline in 4 h. Repeated stimulation leads to sustained activation of ERK1/2 but not Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), p38, or STAT6. The ERK1/2 activation lasts for 3 to 7 days and depends upon a positive-feedback mechanism involving Sprouty 2. Overexpression of Sprouty 2 induces, and its genetic deletion abrogates, ERK1/2 bistability. Sprouty 2 directly activates Fyn kinase, which then induces ERK1/2 activation. A genome-wide microarray analysis shows that the bistable phospho-ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) does not induce a high level of gene transcription. This is due to its nuclear exclusion and compartmentalization to Rab5+ endosomes. Cells with sustained endosomal pERK1/2 manifest resistance against growth factor withdrawal-induced cell death. They are primed for heightened cytokine production. Epithelial cells from cases of human asthma and from a mouse model of chronic asthma manifest increased pERK1/2, which is associated with Rab5+ endosomes. The increase in pERK1/2 was associated with a simultaneous increase in Sprouty 2 expression in these tissues. Thus, we have developed a cellular model of sustained ERK1/2 activation, which may provide a mechanistic understanding of self-sustained biological processes in chronic illnesses such as asthma.
Subsidizing Addiction: Do State Health Insurance Mandates Increase Alcohol Consumption?

A model of addiction in which individuals are forward looking implies that as the availability of addiction treatment options grows, individuals will consume more of an addictive good. We test this implication using cross‐state variation in the adoption of mental health parity mandates that include substance abuse treatments. We examine the effects of these mandates on the consumption of alcohol and find that parity legislation leads to an increase in alcohol consumption. To account for the possible endogeneity of the adoption of mental health parity mandates, we perform an instrumental variables analysis and find that the ordinary least squares estimation significantly underestimates the insurance effect on alcohol consumption.
SDIVA: Structural Delay Insensitivity Verification Analysis Method for Bit-Level Pipelined Systolic Arrays with Early Output Evaluation

A structural delay-insensitivity verification analysis method, SDIVA, is proposed for asynchronous systolic arrays in dual-rail threshold logic style. The SDIVA method employs symbolic delays for all output evaluation paths and works at the behavioral specification level. For bit-level pipelined systolic arrays, which have data-dependent early output evaluation in one-dimension, SDIVA method reduces the verification analysis task to examination of three adjacent systoles so that by analyzing all possible early/late output evaluation scenarios on three systoles, the delay-insensitivity of a complete systolic array could be verified at once, regardless of the array dimensions. Delay-insensitivity violations are located and corrected at structural level, without diminishing the early output evaluation benefits. Since symbolic delays are used without imposing any timing assumptions on the environment; the SDIVA method is technology independent and robust against all physical and environmental variations.
Recognizing textual entailment: Rational, evaluation and approaches – Erratum

Due to publisher error, this article was omitted from the printed issue of Natural Language Engineering volume 15 issue 4. It is published online in the correct volume (journals.cambridge.org/nle) and also printed here in volume 16 issue 1. Sincere apologies are extended to the authors for this error.
Revision of Kadua (Rubiaceae) in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, with description of the new species K. lichtlei

Abstract During the preparation of the Vascular Flora of the Marquesas Islands three new species of Coprosma (Rubiaceae, tribe Anthospermeae) have come to light and are described herein: Coprosma fatuhivaensis W. L. Wagner & Lorence, Coprosma meyeri W. L. Wagner & Lorence, and Coprosma temetiuensis W. L. Wagner & Lorence. Descriptions, illustrations, conservation status, and specimen citations are provided. Amended descriptions of three previously described Marquesan Coprosma species are also provided as well as a key to the species, four of which fall into the Critically Endangered (CR) and two into the Endangered (EN) category. With the description of these the new species, Coprosma becomes the sixth largest lineage in the Marquesas Islands with six species after Psychotria (one lineage which has 9 spp.), Cyrtandra (8 spp.), Bidens (8 spp.), Melicope (7 spp.), and Ixora (7 spp.).
Computers and Thought

Computers and Thought showcases the work of the scientists who not only defined the field of Artificial Intelligence, but who are responsible for having developed it into what it is today. Originally published in 1963, this collection includes twenty classic papers by such pioneers as A. M. Turing and Marvin Minsky who were behind the pivotal advances in artificially simulating human thought processes with computers.Among the now hard-to-find articles are reports of computer programs that play chess and checkers, prove theorems in logic and geometry, solve problems in calculus, balance assembly lines, recognize visual temporal patterns, and communicate in natural language. The reports of simulation of cognitive processes include computer models of human behavior in logic problems, deciding on common stock portfolios, and carrying out social interaction. Models of verbal learning behavior, predictive behavior in two-choice experiments, and concept formation are also included.Articles by : Paul Armer. Carol Chomsky. Geoffrey P. E. Clarkson. Edward A. Feigenbaum. Julian Feldman. H. Gelernter. Bert F. Green, Jr. John T. Gullahorn. Jeanne E. Gullahorn. J. R. Hansen. Carl I. Hovland. Earl B. Hunt. Kenneth Laughery. Robert K. Lindsay. D. W. Loveland. Marvin Minsky. Ulric Neisser. Allen Newell. A. L. Samuel. Oliver G. Selfridge. J. C. Shaw. Herbert A. Simon. James R. Slagle. Fred M. Tonge. A. M. Turing. Leonard Uhr. Charles Vossler. Alice K. Wolf.
Prevalent practice patterns in glaucoma: Poll of Indian ophthalmologists at a national conference

Purpose: The aim of this study is to explore and compare the prevailing practice patterns in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma among subspecialists and general ophthalmologists in India. Materials and Methods: This is an interactive audience response system (ARS) based poll of ophthalmologists attending the annual conference of the Glaucoma Society of India in 2013. Results: The information was obtained from 379 ophthalmologists (146 glaucoma specialists, 54 nonglaucoma subspecialists, and 179 general ophthalmologists). The majority of polled ophthalmologists (236; 62%) had 10 or more years of experience in ophthalmology. The glaucoma specialists differed from nonglaucomatologists in their preference for Goldmann applanation tonometer (P < 0.01), four-mirror gonioscope (P < 0.01), Humphrey perimeter (P < 0.01), laser peripheral iridotomy in primary angle closure disease (P = 0.03), postiridotomy gonioscopy (P < 0.01), and usage of antifibrotic agents during filtering surgery (P < 0.01). Optical coherence tomography was the most preferred imaging modality and was utilized more often by the subspecialists than general ophthalmologists. The ophthalmologists also differed in their choice of antiglaucoma medications. More glaucoma specialists were performing surgery on children with congenital glaucoma (P < 0.01), implanting glaucoma drainage devices (P < 0.01), and using scientific journals to upgrade knowledge (P = 0.03) than the other ophthalmologists. Conclusions: This poll is the first of its kind in India, in its usage of the ARS, and in comparing the practice patterns of care for glaucoma among subspecialists and general ophthalmologists. It has revealed substantial diversity in a few areas among those who did and did not receive specialty training in glaucoma.
The cure at Troy : a version of Sophocles' Philoctetes

Seamus Heaney's version of Sophocles' "Philoctetes" is responsive to the Greek playwright's understanding of the relations between public and private morality. It dramatizes the conflict between personal integrity and political expediency and explores ways in which the victims of injustice can become as devoted to the contemplation of their wounded as the perpetrators are to the justification of their system. This play is the 1990 production of the Field Day Theatre Company.
Questions about object structure during coding activities

Recent tools have been designed to help developers understand the potential runtime structure of objects in a system at compile time. Such tools let developers interactively explore diagrams of object structure. But do developers ask questions about object structure? If so, when? We conducted a small pilot study of developers working on coding tasks designed to require thinking about relationships between objects. Developers did indeed ask a number of questions about various types of relationships such as containment, ownership, object identities and aliasing. Finally, some of our results revealed usability challenges tools should address to more effectively answer these questions.
Unsupervised feature evaluation: a neuro-fuzzy approach

The present article demonstrates a way of formulating neuro-fuzzy approaches for both feature selection and extraction under unsupervised learning. A fuzzy feature evaluation index for a set of features is defined in terms of degree of similarity between two patterns in both the original and transformed feature spaces. A concept of flexible membership function incorporating weighted distance is introduced for computing membership values in the transformed space. Two new layered networks are designed. The tasks of membership computation and minimization of the evaluation index, through unsupervised learning process, are embedded into them without requiring the information on the number of clusters in the feature space. The network for feature selection results in an optimal order of individual importance of the features. The other one extracts a set of optimum transformed features, by projecting -dimensional original space directly to n'-dimensional (n' < n) transformed space, along with their relative importance. The superiority of the networks to some related ones is established experimentally.
Research Statement Motivation and Overview

My areas of interest are software engineering, programming languages, and systems security. My research to date has focused on developing automated programming systems that combine program analysis , runtime systems, and machine learning to improve software reliability and security. I have developed systems that automatically identify and eliminate errors in large software programs and systems that enable software programs to operate successfully in spite of the presence of errors. The systems I developed include the first patch generation system that learns from successful human patches to automatically fix software defects [2], the first sound input filtering system that nullifies critical integer overflow errors [10], and the first input rectification system that automatically rectifies potentially malicious inputs [12]. These systems significantly advance the state of the art and/or enable completely new approaches for improving software reliability and security.
N,N′-Bis(2-thienylmethylene)benzene-1,4-diamine

The Schiff base, C16H12N2S2, has been synthesized by refluxing an ethanolic solution of thiophene-2-carbaldehyde and benzene-1,4-diamine. The center of the benzene ring is located on a crystallographic center of inversion. The dihedral angle between the benzene and thiophene rings is 63.6 (1)°.
Ileal pouch–anal anastomosis

Since 1977, restorative proctocolectomy with ileoanal anastomosis (IAA) has evolved into the surgical treatment of choice for most patients with intractable ulcerative colitis. Construction of an ileal pouch reservoir is now standard, usually in the form of a $\font\ss=cmss10 scaled 1000 \hbox{J}$ pouch (IPAA). The aim of this report is to review selection criteria for, and functional outcomes, follow‐up and management of complications of IPAA after 30 years of widespread clinical application.
Deformation spaces of trees

Let G be a finitely generated group. Two simplicial G-trees are said to be in the same deformation space if they have the same elliptic subgroups (if H fixes a point in one tree, it also does in the other). Examples include Culler-Vogtmann's outer space, and spaces of JSJ decompositions. We discuss what features are common to trees in a given deformation space, how to pass from one tree to all other trees in its deformation space, and the topology of deformation spaces. In particular, we prove that all deformation spaces are contractible complexes.
In vitro scanning saturation mutagenesis of all the specificity determining residues in an antibody binding site.

For the first time, each specificity determining residue (SDR) in the binding site of an antibody has been replaced with every other possible single amino acid substitution, and the resulting mutants analyzed for binding affinity and specificity. The studies were conducted on a variant of the 26-10 antidigoxin single chain Fv (scFv) using in vitro scanning saturation mutagenesis, a new process that allows the high throughput production and characterization of antibody mutants [Burks,E.A. , Chen,G. , Georgiou,G. and Iverson,B.L. (1997) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 412-417]. Single amino acid mutants of 26-10 scFv were identified that modulated specificity in dramatic fashion. The overall plasticity of the antibody binding site with respect to amino acid replacement was also evaluated, revealing that 86% of all mutants retained measurable binding activity. Finally, by analyzing the physical properties of amino acid substitutions with respect to their effect on hapten binding, conclusions were drawn regarding the functional role played by the wild-type residue at each SDR position. The reported results highlight the value of in vitro scanning saturation mutagenesis for engineering antibody binding specificity, for evaluating the plasticity of proteins, and for comprehensive structure-function studies and analysis.
One naive T cell, multiple fates in CD8+ T cell differentiation

The mechanism by which the immune system produces effector and memory T cells is largely unclear. To allow a large-scale assessment of the development of single naive T cells into different subsets, we have developed a technology that introduces unique genetic tags (barcodes) into naive T cells. By comparing the barcodes present in antigen-specific effector and memory T cell populations in systemic and local infection models, at different anatomical sites, and for TCR–pMHC interactions of different avidities, we demonstrate that under all conditions tested, individual naive T cells yield both effector and memory CD8+ T cell progeny. This indicates that effector and memory fate decisions are not determined by the nature of the priming antigen-presenting cell or the time of T cell priming. Instead, for both low and high avidity T cells, individual naive T cells have multiple fates and can differentiate into effector and memory T cell subsets.
El uso de las redes sociales digitales como herramienta de marketing en el desempeño empresarial

Aun no es claro el impacto del uso de las redes sociales digitales como herramientade marketing en el desempeno de las empresas. Este trabajo examinadicho impacto con datos de empresas espanolas. Mediante ecuaciones estructuralesaplicadas a un multigrupo intenta determinar si la intensidad de uso deestas redes en el marketing modera la relacion entre capacidades dinamicas,orientacion al mercado y orientacion emprendedora, y cual es el impacto en sudesempeno. Los resultados muestran que dicha intensidad modera la relacionentre la orientacion al mercado con el desempeno y con la orientacion emprendedora.Una fuerte y decidida estrategia de marketing en las redes socialespuede potenciar estas relaciones y mejorar el desempeno.
Effects of melittin on molecular dynamics and Ca-ATPase activity in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes: time-resolved optical anisotropy.

We have studied the effect of melittin, a basic membrane-binding peptide, on Ca-ATPase activity and on protein and lipid dynamics in skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), using time-resolved phosphorescence and fluorescence spectroscopy. Melittin completely inhibits Ca-ATPase activity, with half-maximal inhibition at 9 +/- 1 mol of melittin bound to the membrane per mole of ATPase (0.1 mol of melittin per mole of lipid). The time-resolved phosphorescence anisotropy (TPA) decay of the Ca-ATPase labeled with erythrosin isothiocyanate (ERITC) shows that melittin restricts microsecond protein rotational motion. At 25 degrees C in the absence of melittin, the TPA is characterized by three decay components, corresponding to a rapid segmental motion (correlation time phi 1 = 2-3 microseconds), the uniaxial rotation of monomers or dimers (phi 2 = 16-22 microseconds), and the uniaxial rotation of larger oligomers (phi 3 = 90-140 microseconds). The effect of melittin is primarily to decrease the fraction of the more mobile monomer/dimer species (A2) while increasing the fractions of the larger oligomer (A3) and very large aggregates (A infinity). Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy of the lipid-soluble probe diphenylhexatriene (DPH) shows only a slight increase in the lipid hydrocarbon chain effective order parameter, corresponding to an increase in lipid viscosity that is too small to account for the large decrease in protein mobility or inhibition of Ca-ATPase activity. Thus the inhibitory effect of melittin correlates with its capacity to aggregate the Ca-ATPase and is consistent with previously reported inhibition of this enzyme under conditions that increase protein-protein interactions. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Caveolin Regulates Endocytosis of the Muscle Repair Protein, Dysferlin*

Dysferlin and Caveolin-3 are plasma membrane proteins associated with muscular dystrophy. Patients with mutations in the CAV3 gene show dysferlin mislocalization in muscle cells. By utilizing caveolin-null cells, expression of caveolin mutants, and different mutants of dysferlin, we have dissected the site of action of caveolin with respect to dysferlin trafficking pathways. We now show that Caveolin-1 or -3 can facilitate exit of a dysferlin mutant that accumulates in the Golgi complex of Cav1-/- cells. In contrast, wild type dysferlin reaches the plasma membrane but is rapidly endocytosed in Cav1-/- cells. We demonstrate that the primary effect of caveolin is to cause surface retention of dysferlin. Caveolin-1 or Caveolin-3, but not specific caveolin mutants, inhibit endocytosis of dysferlin through a clathrin-independent pathway colocalizing with internalized glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. Our results provide new insights into the role of this endocytic pathway in surface remodeling of specific surface components. In addition, they highlight a novel mechanism of action of caveolins relevant to the pathogenic mechanisms underlying caveolin-associated disease.
The G-protein gamma subunit gpc-1 of the nematode C.elegans is involved in taste adaptation.

Caenorhabditis elegans has two heterotrimeric G-protein gamma subunits, gpc-1 and gpc-2. Although GPC-1 is specifically expressed in sensory neurons, it is not essential for the detection of odorants or salts. To test whether GPC-1 is involved in sensory plasticity, we developed a water soluble compound adaptation assay. The behaviour of wild-type animals in this assay confirms that prolonged exposure to salts can abolish chemo-attraction to these compounds. This process is time and concentration dependent, partly salt specific and reversible. In contrast, gpc-1 mutant animals show clear deficits in their ability to adapt to NaAc, NaCl and NH4Cl, but normal wild-type adaptation to odorants. Two other loci previously implicated in odorant adaptation, adp-1 and osm-9, are also involved in adaptation to salts. Our finding that G proteins, OSM-9 and ADP-1 are involved in taste adaptation offer the first molecular insight into this process.