Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychodynamic and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies Are More Different Than You Think: Conceptualizations of Mental Problems and Consequences for Studying Mechanisms of Change

The purpose of this study was to examine the conceptualization of mental problems and disorders inherent in the therapeutic theories used in psychodynamic (PDT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Supportive-expressive (SET) and cognitive (CT) therapy for social anxiety disorder (SAD) were used as representative examples. Based on the typology proposed by Kendler, Zachar, and Craver, we found that PDT models accord with an essentialist model of mental disorders, while CBT models align with a mechanistic property cluster (MPC) model. Because the PDT explanatory concepts represent definitions of symptoms rather than causal explanations of them, PDT models cannot be examined with regard to mechanisms of change. Moreover, because these concepts are treated as latent constructs, they are not able to represent within-person causal/mechanistic relationships between observable phenomena. PDT models cannot while CBT models can lead to testable predictions and knowledge accumulation.
Improving Case-Based Recommendations Using Implicit Feedback

A recommender system suggests items to a user for a given query by personalizing the recommendations based on the user interests. User personalization is usually done by asking users either to rate items or specify their interests. Generally users do not like to rate items; an alternative approach would be to implicitly track user’s behaviour by observing their actions. In this paper, we build a recommender system by using case-based reasoning to remember past interactions with the user. We incrementally improve the system recommendations by tracking user’s behaviour. User preferences captured during each interaction with the system are used to recommend items even in case of a partial query. We demonstrate the proposed recommender system in a travel domain that adapts to different kinds of users.
Problem loans at New England banks, 1989 to 1992: evidence of aggressive loan policies

The New England banking industry experienced serious problems between 1989 and 1992. As the region's economy deteriorated, banks failed at an unprecedented rate and many others barely survived. Banking problems were widespread, but they were not uniform. The ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans was in excess of 10 percent for some New England banks, below 1 percent for others, even though all faced the external shock of the collapse in the region's real estate market. > This study attempts to determine whether a 'skills' hypothesis or a 'policies' hypothesis better explains the differences among banks in the severity of their loan problems. The 'skills' hypothesis posits that banks with the greatest loan problems were those that employed managers with deficient skills. The 'policies' hypothesis posits that banks with the greatest loan problems were those that chose higher loan-to-asset ratios, held a greater concentration of riskier types of loans, or accepted riskier loan customers. The author uses an analysis of profit and cost efficiency to help identify the hypothesis that better explains the disparity. He finds evidence in support of the 'policies' hypothesis. Conscious decisions by bank managers regarding the riskiness of their loan portfolios, as well as the level of capital to hold, help explain why some New England banks were able to survive the real estate crisis while others failed.
Gain in 1q is a Common Abnormality in Phyllodes Tumours of the Breast

We studied DNA copy number changes by CGH and allelic imbalance (AI) on 3p by LOH analysis on 22 phyllodes tumours (PT) of the breast in order to gain insight into the genetic basis of tumour progression in PT. Copy number changes were observed in 14 cases (63%). Gain in 1q with 1q21–23 as the minimal overlapping area was seen in 12 cases (55%). The gain was observed both in benign and malignant tumours. Our study did not reveal any DNA copy number changes or allelic loss on 3p. The results suggest that DNA copy number changes are not associated with the histological grade or clinical behaviour of PT and the chromosomal changes on 3p appear to be rare. Colour figure can be viewed on http://www.esacp. org/acp/2003/25‐2/jee.htm.
WeWatch: Bi-screen video watching experience on smart devices

The high resolution and widescreen mobile devices have tremendous applications in our daily lives. In this paper, we demonstrate a specific bi-screen video sharing application called WeWatch that a high resolution video is played across screens of two mobile devices. It helps users to enhance their watching experience on the Android system. In order to efficiently use idle mobile devices, we develop a novel algorithm to share videos with devices with different screen sizes and resolutions. Our research provides a method which automatically controls videos based on different distances between devices. The distance is determined by the empirical WiFi RSSI values obtained through the experimental studies. We have prototyped the system and conducted a real-world energy efficiency and user experience evaluations. Results show that WeWatch has negligible impact on battery lifetime while over 80% users like our application.
EGFR-Targeted Granzyme B Expressed in NK Cells Enhances Natural Cytotoxicity and Mediates Specific Killing of Tumor Cells

Natural killer (NK) cells are highly specialized effectors of the innate immune system that hold promise for adoptive cancer immunotherapy. Their cell killing activity is primarily mediated by the pro-apoptotic serine protease granzyme B (GrB), which enters targets cells with the help of the pore-forming protein perforin. We investigated expression of a chimeric GrB fusion protein in NK cells as a means to augment their antitumoral activity. For selective targeting to tumor cells, we fused the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) peptide ligand transforming growth factor α (TGFα) to human pre-pro-GrB. Established human NKL natural killer cells transduced with a lentiviral vector expressed this GrB-TGFα (GrB-T) molecule in amounts comparable to endogenous wildtype GrB. Activation of the genetically modified NK cells by cognate target cells resulted in the release of GrB-T together with endogenous granzymes and perforin, which augmented the effector cells' natural cytotoxicity against NK-sensitive tumor cells. Likewise, GrB-T was released into the extracellular space upon induction of degranulation with PMA and ionomycin. Secreted GrB-T fusion protein displayed specific binding to EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells, enzymatic activity, and selective target cell killing in the presence of an endosomolytic activity. Our data demonstrate that ectopic expression of a targeted GrB fusion protein in NK cells is feasible and can enhance antitumoral activity of the effector cells.
Tuning of the Level of Presence ( LOP )

One of the goals and defining characteristics of virtual reality systems is to create “presence”, that is, to leave the user with the feeling of having been (or having done something) “in” the virtual environment as much as possible. While there has been much research work focused on identifying different factors that affect presence, it is still not clear how to effectively combine these results to create a content with high presence with respect to a given hardware setup, limited computing resource, and content dynamics. Along this line of thinking, this paper proposes for the concept of “Level of Presence (LOP)”, analogous to the “Level of Detail”, in which we attempt to select a set of “computational” presence elements and their levels to maximize their “contribution” toward the overall presence subject to system resources and possibly other constraints. Such an optimization scheme would require a reasonable characterization of the computational costs and a sufficient knowledge of the relative merits of various presence elements. While much research still remain to find a general model of presence, we made an attempt to apply the LOP concept to the VR system design for a particular application, a virtual fish tank. We selected two possibly important presence elements, the FOV and the simulation level of detail, and quantified their costs in terms of the required computation time. Then, we ran a simple experiment to quantify the relative benefits (or contribution toward the overall presence) of those two presence factors. For this particular application, it was found that providing more lifelike fish movements, for instance, incurred needlessly expensive computations compared to the amount of increased benefit. Based on the result, the virtual fish tank was configured for maximum presence while meeting various conditions including the required frame rate and content requirement (e.g. fixed number of fishes).
Uplink throughput of multi-cell processing with HDAF cooperation between mobiles

Joint decoding at base stations combined with cooperative transmission is investigated to improve the uplink throughput of current cellular systems over fading channels. In this paper, we consider amplify-and-forward (AF), decode-and-forward (DF) and hybrid decode-amplify-forward (HDAF) cooperation schemes between relay stations. We analyze the throughput of direct transmission (DT), AF, DF, and HDAF both in single-cell and multi-cell respectively. A linear mesh network is considered where a single mobile terminal for each cell communicates with a local base station via a dedicated relay, which can be AF, DF, or HDAF. All of the base stations in the mesh network decode the received signals cooperatively.
Toward Database Curation Support in Biology : Automated Gene Function Identification from Texts

We propose an approach for automatic gene function identification, aiming at database curation support, specifically targeting the LocusLink database. Given input texts, our framework first identifies gene names and sentences describing gene functions in parallel, then associates each of them with an appropriate LocusLink entry based on the detected gene names. Since our approach mainly employs statistical models, the output can be limited at any desired level of confidence. We implemented a prototype of our proposed framework and evaluated each module as well as overall performance. This paper presents the description of our framework and reports the experimental results.
Monte-Carlo-based method for group delay ripple reduction in cascaded dispersion compensation FBGs

Monte-Carlo (MC)-based optimization is applied to minimize the group delay ripple (GDR) of cascaded chromatic dispersion compensation fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). Optimal selection of FBGs using MC shows an improvement of up to ~40% with respect to the average value of 10 cascaded FBGs.
Role of TNF-α Produced by Nonantigen-Specific Cells in a Fulminant Hepatitis Mouse Model

In previous studies, the mechanisms of acute liver injury and virus exclusion have been examined using a model wherein HBsAg-specific CTL are injected into HBsAg transgenic (Tg) mice. The importance of the role of TNF-α in virus exclusion was shown, but its role in liver injury was unclear. We crossed the TNF-α knockout mouse and HBsAg-Tg mouse to establish the HBsAg-Tg/TNF-α KO mouse, and examined the influence of TNF-α on liver injury. The severity of liver damage, as determined by serum alanine aminotransferase activity, was ∼100 times greater in HBsAg-Tg/TNF-α+/+ than in HBsAg-Tg/TNF-α−/− mice after i.v. administration of 5 × 106 CTLs. This liver damage reached the peak of its severity within 24–48 h, and was restored 7 days later. Histopathological examination showed hepatocellular necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltrate 24 h after the CTL injection in HBsAg-Tg/TNF-α+/+ mice but not in HBsAg-Tg/TNF-α−/− mice. The liver damage was fatal for all HBsAg-Tg/TNF-α+/+ mice that received 1.5 × 107 CTLs. In contrast, 1.5 × 107 CTLs could not kill the HBsAg-Tg/TNF-α−/− mice. The TNF-α production level was enhanced after the CTL injection in not only intrahepatic macrophages but also other types of mononuclear cells from non-HBsAg-Tg/TNF-α+/+ mice. An adoptive transfer examination revealed that severe liver damage occurred in HBsAg-Tg/TNF-α−/− mice that had received mononuclear cells from TNF-α+/+ mice. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that TNF-α produced by intrahepatic non-Ag-specific inflammatory cells is critical in the development of lethal necroinflammatory liver disease.
In Vivo Accuracy of Multispectral Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Identifying Lipid-Rich Necrotic Cores and Intraplaque Hemorrhage in Advanced Human Carotid Plaques

Background—High-resolution MRI has been shown to be capable of identifying plaque constituents, such as the necrotic core and intraplaque hemorrhage, in human carotid atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differential contrast-weighted images, specifically a multispectral MR technique, to improve the accuracy of identifying the lipid-rich necrotic core and acute intraplaque hemorrhage in vivo. Methods and Results—Eighteen patients scheduled for carotid endarterectomy underwent a preoperative carotid MRI examination in a 1.5-T GE Signa scanner using a protocol that generated 4 contrast weightings (T1, T2, proton density, and 3D time of flight). MR images of the vessel wall were examined for the presence of a lipid-rich necrotic core and/or intraplaque hemorrhage. Ninety cross sections were compared with matched histological sections of the excised specimen in a double-blinded fashion. Overall accuracy (95% CI) of multispectral MRI was 87% (80% to 94%), sensitivity was 85% (78% to 92%), and specificity was 92% (86% to 98%). There was good agreement between MRI and histological findings, with a value of &kgr;=0.69 (0.53 to 0.85). Conclusions—Multispectral MRI can identify the lipid-rich necrotic core in human carotid atherosclerosis in vivo with high sensitivity and specificity. This MRI technique provides a noninvasive tool to study the pathogenesis and natural history of carotid atherosclerosis. Furthermore, it will permit a direct assessment of the effect of pharmacological therapy, such as aggressive lipid lowering, on plaque lipid composition.
Extracting and matching authors and affiliations in scholarly documents

We introduce Enlil, an information extraction system that discovers the institutional affiliations of authors in scholarly papers. Enlil consists of two steps: one that first identifies authors and affiliations using a conditional random field; and a second support vector machine that connects authors to their affiliations. We benchmark Enlil in three separate experiments drawn from three different sources: the ACL Anthology Corpus, the ACM Digital Library, and a set of cross-disciplinary scientific journal articles acquired by querying Google Scholar. Against a state-of-the-art production baseline, Enlil reports a statistically significant improvement in F_1 of nearly 10% (p << 0.01). In the case of multidisciplinary articles from Google Scholar, Enlil is benchmarked over both clean input (F_1 > 90%) and automatically-acquired input (F_1 > 80%). We have deployed Enlil in a case study involving Asian genomics research publication patterns to understand how government sponsored collaborative links evolve. Enlil has enabled our team to construct and validate new metrics to quantify the facilitation of research as opposed to direct publication.
A Complete High-Resolution Coastline of Antarctica Extracted from Orthorectified Radarsat SAR Imagery

A complete, high-resolution coastline of Antarctica, extracted from an orthorectified mosaic of Radarsat-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images through a sequence of automated image processing algorithms, is presented. A locally adaptive thresholding method is used to segment the orthorectified SAR images, while image-object formation and labeling, and edgetracing techniques are used to process the segmented images into vector-based cartographic products of coastline, defined here as the boundary between continental ice or rock exposures and sea ice covered ocean. The absolute accuracy of planimetric positioning of the resultant coastline is estimated to better than 130 m, and its spatial resolution (25 m) is adequate for supporting cartographic and scientific applications at 1:50,000 scale. This radar-image-derived coastline gives an accurate description of geometric shape and glaciological characteristics of the Antarctic coasts and also provides a precise benchmark for future change-detection studies.
Face cooling with mist water increases cerebral blood flow during exercise: effect of changes in facial skin blood flow

Facial cooling (FC) increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) at rest and during exercise; however, the mechanism of this response remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to test our hypothesis that FC causes facial vasoconstriction that diverts skin blood flow (SkBFface) toward the middle cerebral artery (MCA Vmean) at rest and to a greater extent during exercise. Nine healthy young subjects (20 ± 2 years) underwent 3 min of FC by fanning and spraying the face with a mist of cold water (~4°C) at rest and during steady-state exercise [heart rate (HR) of 120 bpm]. We focused on the difference between the averaged data acquired from 1 min immediately before FC and last 1 min of FC. SkBFface, MCA Vmean, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were higher during exercise than at rest. As hypothesized, FC decreased SkBFface at rest (−32 ± 4%) and to a greater extent during exercise (−64 ± 10%, P = 0.012). Although MCA Vmean was increased by FC (Rest, +1.4 ± 0.5 cm/s; Exercise, +1.4 ± 0.6 cm/s), the amount of the FC-evoked changes in MCA Vmean at rest and during exercise differed among subjects. In addition, changes in MCA Vmean with FC did not correlate with concomitant changes in SkBFface (r = 0.095, P = 0.709). MAP was also increased by FC (Rest, +6.2 ± 1.4 mmHg; Exercise, +4.2 ± 1.2 mmHg). These findings suggest that the FC-induced increase in CBF during exercise could not be explained only by change in SkBFface.
An algorithm for joint and bone localization in USG images of rheumatoid arthritis

The assessment of degree of joint inflammation using USG imaging is a challenging task, and thus the results may differ between experts. Therefore, the evaluation of images by a computer program may be a vital solution for objective assessment of disease progression. In this paper an original pipeline, developed for precise estimation of bone line and joint location in USG images, is proposed. The presented set of methods provides valuable input for further classification tools, which will aim at identification and rating of the degree of joint inflammation.
System Design of an Autonomous Ground Vehicle for Participation in the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge

This paper describes the development of an autonomous vehicle system that participated in the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge event. After a brief description of the event, the architecture, based on version 3.0 of the DoD Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems (JAUS), and design of the system are presented in detail. In particular, the “smart sensor” concept is introduced which provided a standardized means for each sensor to present data for rapid integration and arbitration. Information about the perception sensors that were used is then presented in detail. Subsequently, testing results and performance results are presented.
Reconsidering the Distinction between Western and Post-socialist Biological Citizenship: Reflections on Developments in Reproductive Medicine in Serbia

Th is paper analyzes the distinction between Western and post-socialist biological citizenship, formulated by Rose and Novas in terms of “active” versus “passive” biological citizenship projects, in order to propose a refi nement of the conceptualization of biological citizenship as a global assemblage. In a global assemblage, global and local elements interact and global forms get transformed in ways that are not reducible to preconceived notions and internal social dynamics. However, Rose and Novas draw a clear-cut distinction between Western and post-socialist biological citizenship that can preclude the investigation of their global and assembled character. Discussion in this paper of recent developments in reproductive biological citizenship in post-socialist Serbia serves to demonstrate the insuffi ciency of a dichotomous conceptualization of biological citizenship. Civic initiative that challenges the medical management of childbirth, online support groups of women undergoing in-vitro fertilization, and the online reporting of corruption in reproductive medical services are analyzed. Th rough citizens’ online communication, specifi c transformations of global forms are examined in interaction with other elements of the Serbian post-socialist context, and in the relations between citizens, the state and reproductive medicine. Th e paper suggests that the deconstruction of dichotomous notions, together with ethnographic research of emergent forms of biological citizenship, promises further improvements in comparative conceptual frameworks in medical anthropology.
Inflation Persistence and Relative Contracting

Macroeconomists have for some time been aware that the New Keynesian Phillips curve, though highly popular in the literature, cannot explain the persistence observed in actual inflation. We argue that one of the more prominent alternative formulations, the Fuhrer and Moore (1995) relative contracting model, is highly problematic. Fuhrer and Moore's 1995 formulation generates inflation persistence, but this is a consequence of their assuming that workers care about the past real wages of other workers. Making the more reasonable assumption that workers care about the current real wages of other workers, one obtains the standard formulation with no inflation persistence.
Systematic Review of Assessments That Evaluate Clinical Decision Making, Clinical Reasoning, and Critical Thinking Changes After Simulation Participation

Background and Purpose. Increasingly, simulation experiences are augmenting and replacing portions of classroom and clinical education time. The purposes of this systematic review were to (1) systematically review the literature to determine whether simulated experiences impact the development of clinical decision making (CDM), clinical reasoning (CR), or critical thinking (CT) in students in health professional educational programs, (2) assess the quality of evidence for the effectiveness of simulation in developing CDM, CR, or CT in health professions students, (3) compare the effectiveness of simulated experiences to usual teaching methods in developing CDM, CR, and CT in health profession education students, and (4) identify and characterize assessment tools used to measure CDM, CR, and CT in the selected studies. Methods. The study design was a systematic review. PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar, EdITLib, and ERIC were searched for articles published in English from January 2000 until March 2017. Thirty-one articles met the inclusion criteria: 1 mixed methods study, 3 qualitative studies, and 27 quantitative studies. Articles were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for the mixed methods study, the McMaster University Critical Review Form—Qualitative Studies for qualitative studies, and the Evaluation Guidelines for Rating the Quality of an Intervention Study. Results. The results demonstrate that simulation improves CDM, CT, or CR. The outcomes from the studies revealed that more repetitions in a simulated environment produced greater changes. Six outcome measures were identified, which assessed the desired constructs. Discussion and Conclusion. Future research investigating each tool across health care disciplines is needed. The optimal number of simulated encounters needed for improvement in decision making, thinking, and reasoning in physical therapy will be beneficial.