Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Major Replicative Histone Chaperone CAF-1 Suppresses the Activity of the DNA Mismatch Repair System in the Cytotoxic Response to a DNA-methylating Agent*

The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system corrects DNA mismatches in the genome. It is also required for the cytotoxic response of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-deficient mammalian cells and yeast mgt1Δ rad52Δ cells to treatment with Sn1-type methylating agents, which produce cytotoxic O6-methylguanine (O6-mG) DNA lesions. Specifically, an activity of the MMR system causes degradation of irreparable O6-mG-T mispair-containing DNA, triggering cell death; this process forms the basis of treatments of MGMT-deficient cancers with Sn1-type methylating drugs. Recent research supports the view that degradation of irreparable O6-mG-T mispair-containing DNA by the MMR system and CAF-1-dependent packaging of the newly replicated DNA into nucleosomes are two concomitant processes that interact with each other. Here, we studied whether CAF-1 modulates the activity of the MMR system in the cytotoxic response to Sn1-type methylating agents. We found that CAF-1 suppresses the activity of the MMR system in the cytotoxic response of yeast mgt1Δ rad52Δ cells to the prototypic Sn1-type methylating agent N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. We also report evidence that in human MGMT-deficient cell-free extracts, CAF-1-dependent packaging of irreparable O6-mG-T mispair-containing DNA into nucleosomes suppresses its degradation by the MMR system. Taken together, these findings suggest that CAF-1-dependent incorporation of irreparable O6-mG-T mispair-containing DNA into nucleosomes suppresses its degradation by the MMR system, thereby defending the cell against killing by the Sn1-type methylating agent.
Feeding Behavior of Russian Wheat Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Biotype 2 in Response to Wheat Genotypes Exhibiting Antibiosis and Tolerance Resistance

ABSTRACT In this study, wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (em Thell), genotypes containing the Dnx, Dn7, Dn6, and Dn4 genes for resistance to the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), along with Dn0, a susceptible control, were assessed to determine the categories of D. noxia biotype 2 (RWA2) resistance in each genotype and RWA2 feeding behaviors on Dnx and Dn0 plants by using the electronic penetration graph technique. At 14 d postinfestation, Dn0 plants exhibited intense chlorosis and leaf rolling, and all test genotypes expressed some degree of chlorosis and leaf rolling, except Dn7, which was not damaged. Both Dn7 and Dnx expressed antibiosis effects, significantly reducing the numbers of aphids on plants and the intrinsic rate of aphid increase. Dn6 plants seemed to contain tolerance, exhibiting tolerance index measurements for leaf and root dry weight and plant height that were significantly lower than those of the susceptible Dn0 plants. Principal component analyses indicated that antibiosis and leaf rolling data explained 80% of the variance among genotypes. Electronic penetration graph analysis demonstrated contrasting results between RWA1 and RWA2 phloem sieve element phase feeding events, but results indicated that Dnx resistance factors are present in the sieve element cells or phloem sap. Plants containing Dnx exhibit antibiosis resistance to D. noxia RWA2 similar to that in plants containing the Secale cereale L. (rye)-based Dn7 gene without the negative baking quality traits associated with Dn7.
Ultrastructure and lectin cytochemistry of the cloacal pelvic glands in the male newt Triturus marmoratus marmoratus

The cloacal organ of Salamandridae species contains four glands: pelvic, dorsal, ventral, and Kingsbury's glands. Pelvic glands have been studied only by light microscopy with conventional methods, and consist of multiple tubular serous glands with a prismatic epithelium which contains numerous PAS positive secretory granules. The present report is an ultrastructural and lectin cytochemistry characterization of the pelvic glands of Triturus marmoratus marmoratus throughout the reproductive cycle.
Two N-myc polypeptides with distinct amino termini encoded by the second and third exons of the gene

The N-myc and c-myc genes encode closely related nuclear phosphoproteins. We found that the N-myc protein from human tumor cell lines appears as four closely migrating polypeptide bands (p58 to p64) in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. This and the recent finding that the c-myc protein is synthesized from two translational initiation sites located in the first and second exons of the gene (S. R. Hann, M. W. King, D. L. Bentley, C. W. Anderson, and R. N. Eisenman, Cell 52:185-195, 1988) prompted us to study the molecular basis of the N-myc protein heterogeneity. Dephosphorylation by alkaline phosphatase reduced the four polypeptide bands to a doublet with an electrophoretic mobility corresponding to the two faster-migrating N-myc polypeptides (p58 and p60). When expressed transiently in COS cells, an N-myc deletion construct lacking the first exon produced polypeptides similar to the wild-type N-myc protein, indicating that the first exon of the N-myc gene is noncoding. Furthermore, mutants deleted of up to two thirds of C-terminal coding domains still retained the capacity to produce a doublet of polypeptides, suggesting distinct amino termini for the two N-myc polypeptides. The amino-terminal primary structure of the N-myc protein was studied by site-specific point mutagenesis of the 5' end of the long open reading frame and by N-terminal radiosequencing of the two polypeptides. Our results show that the N-myc polypeptides are initiated from two alternative in-phase AUG codons located 24 base pairs apart at the 5' end of the second exon. Both of these polypeptides are phosphorylated and localized to the nucleus even when expressed separately. Interestingly, DNA rearrangements activating the c-myc gene are often found in the 1.7-kilobase-pair region between the two c-myc translational initiation sites and correlate with the loss of the longer c-myc polypeptide. Thus the close spacing of the two N-myc initiation codons could explain the relative resistance of the N-myc gene to similar modes of oncogenic activation.
A New Keynesian Approach to Consumption Based Asset Pricing

In the decade following the global financial crisis, modern monetary theory has been forced to push the envelope via interventionist interest rate policy across geographies, and even open market asset purchases by central banks in select geographies, testing the bounds of optimal monetary policy. The unprecedented entanglement of monetary policy and asset prices alludes to a relative blind-spot in the New Keynesian literature – embedding asset pricing explicitly. The purpose of this paper is to develop an asset pricing model where monetary policy impacts real variables and thus can be analyzed – the ambition is to provide a proof-of-concept in developing a lens through which one may observe the effect monetary policy has on the real economy via symptoms observed in financial markets (e.g. risk premiums) in a paradigm consistent with modern New Keynesian theory. While asset pricing models and New Keynesian monetary models exist individually, the challenge is integrating the two concepts in an appropriate framework and interpreting the result.
Planar non-volatile memory with single-electron channel fabricated on a hyper-thin SOI film

We have demonstrated the hyper-thin SOI memory device that has both conduction channel and storage islands at the lower gate voltage. It also shows both Coulomb staircase and oscillations at 20 K. By the use of coexistence of memory with Coulomb blockade effects, the Coulomb oscillation phase was well controlled. This will open a way to the robust nano-structure devices, including the functional devices for multi-value memory/logic.
Identifying longitudinal trajectories of emotional distress symptoms 5 years after traumatic brain injury

Abstract Primary objective: To evaluate longitudinal trajectories of emotional distress symptoms after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research design: Longitudinal study. Methods and procedures: Patients with mild-to-severe TBI, 118 patients participated at 3 months, 109 attended at 1-year and 89 attended the 5-year follow-up. Emotional distress was measured with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Patients were also assessed for coping style, anxiety, depression, substance abuse and trauma severity. Main outcomes and results: Based on growth mixture modelling, four trajectories of emotional distress symptoms were identified: 73.5% of patients were characterized by a pattern of resilience, 6.8% by a pattern of delayed distress, 14.6% by recovery and 5.1% by chronic distress. Relative to the resilience trajectory, avoidant-coping style and psychiatric problems were related to recovery and chronic trajectories. The delayed trajectory was similar to the resilience trajectory, except for elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms at 1- and 5-years. Demographics and injury-related variables were not significantly associated with emotional distress trajectories. Conclusions: Resilience was the most common trajectory following TBI. Patients characterized by recovery and chronic trajectories required attention and long-term clinical monitoring of their symptoms. Future research would benefit from longitudinal studies to analyse emotional distress symptoms and the strength of resilience over time.
A descriptive comparison of approaches to paediatric tube weaning across five countries

Abstract Purpose: Many children are requiring tube weaning intervention as a result of increased survival rates of high risk infants and the temporary use of feeding tubes. This study aimed to describe service delivery models and treatment approaches in a variety of paediatric feeding/tube weaning programs. Method: A questionnaire on tube weaning was formulated based on a literature review. Purposive maximum variation sampling was used to include feeding/ weaning programs operating in a variety of settings and countries. Eight feeding teams in Australia, Europe and the USA agreed to participate and completed the questionnaire. Result: All teams employed sensori-motor interventions, with the majority also offering psychological interventions. Six of eight teams utilised hunger induction during the initiation of tube weaning, and in many cases this preceded eating skill development or controlled sensory modulation. Conclusion: A multi-model tube weaning approach is commonly adopted by many centres worldwide. In many cases, psychological theory and theoretical orientation is fundamental to tube weaning practice. Further investigation regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of weaning interventions is recommended to ensure clinical practice is based on sound evidence. This may present as a challenge given many interventions occur concomitantly and the psychotherapeutic experience is difficult to evaluate.
Baseline Characteristics and Prescription Patterns of Standard Drugs in Patients with Angiographically Determined Coronary Artery Disease and Renal Failure (CAD-REF Registry)

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is strongly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). We established a prospective observational nationwide multicenter registry to evaluate current treatment and outcomes in patients with both CKD and angiographically documented CAD. Methods In 32 cardiological centers 3,352 CAD patients with ≥50% stenosis in at least one coronary artery were enrolled and classified according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria into one of five stages of CKD or as a control group. Results 2,723 (81.2%) consecutively enrolled patients suffered from CKD. Compared to controls, CKD patients had a higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, peripheral artery diseases, heart failure, and valvular heart disease (each p<0.001). Myocardial infarctions (p = 0.02), coronary bypass grafting, valve replacements and pacemaker implantations had been recorded more frequently (each p<0.001). With advanced CKD, the number of diseased coronary vessels and the proportion of patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased significantly (both p<0.001). Percutaneous coronary interventions were performed less frequently (p<0.001) while coronary bypass grafting was recommended more often (p = 0.04) with advanced CKD. With regard to standard drugs in CAD treatment, prescriptions were higher in our registry than in previous reports, but beta-blockers (p = 0.008), and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin-receptor blockers (p<0.001) were given less often in higher CKD stages. In contrast, in the subgroup of patients with moderately to severely reduced LVEF the prescription rates did not differ between CKD stages. In-hospital mortality increased stepwise with each CKD stage (p = 0.02). Conclusions In line with other studies comprising CKD cohorts, patients’ morbidity and in-hospital mortality increased with the degree of renal impairment. Although cardiologists’ drug prescription rates in CAD-REF were higher than in previous studies, they were still lower especially in advanced CKD stages compared to cohorts treated by nephrologists.
Economic Productivity by Age and Sex: 2007 Estimates for the United States

Background:Human capital estimates of labor productivity are often used to estimate the economic impact of diseases and injuries that cause incapacitation or death. Objectives:Estimates of average hourly, annual, and lifetime economic productivity, both market and household, were calculated in 2007 US dollars for 5-year age groups for men, women, and both sexes in the United States. Research Design:Data from the American Time Use Survey were used to estimate hours of paid work and household services and hourly and annual earnings and household productivity. Present values of discounted lifetime earnings were calculated for each age group using the 2004 US life tables and a discount rate of 3% per year and assuming future productivity growth of 1% per year. Subjects:The estimates of hours and productivity were calculated using the time diaries of 72,922 persons included in the American Time Use Survey for the years 2003 to 2007. Results:The present value of lifetime productivity is approximately $1.2 million in 2007 dollars for children under 5 years of age. For adults in their 20s and 30s, it is approximately $1.6 million and then it declines with increasing age. Productivity estimates are higher for males than for females, more for market productivity than for total productivity. Conclusions:Changes in hours of paid employment and household services can affect economic productivity by age and sex. This is the first publication to include estimates of household services based on contemporary time use data for the US population.
Financial index time series prediction based on bidirectional two dimensional locality preserving projection

Presented in this paper is a predicting model for time series forecasting of stock market index with the aid of bidirectional two-dimensional locality preserving projection and radial basis function neural network. First, 30 technical indicators in securities market are selected as the input features, and then adopts a sliding window to obtain the input data of the model. Next, by using two-dimensional locality preserving projection algorithm, reduction and feature extraction of the raw time series are performed in both horizontal and vertical direction. Finally, RBFNN is used to predict the closing price. Compared with the traditional dimension reduction methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and locality preserving projection (LPP), bidirectional two-dimensional locality preserving projection algorithm can be more effective to extract discriminating features. As verified on the Shanghai stock market index and the NASDAQ stock market index, the proposed model works well in ensuring the predicting accuracy which proves the effectiveness of this model in financial index time series prediction.
The Cap Snatching of Segmented Negative Sense RNA Viruses as a Tool to Map the Transcription Start Sites of Heterologous Co-infecting Viruses

Identification of the transcription start sites (TSSs) of a virus is of great importance to understand and dissect the mechanism of viral genome transcription but this often requires costly and laborious experiments. Many segmented negative-sense RNA viruses (sNSVs) cleave capped leader sequences from a large variety of mRNAs and use these cleaved leaders as primers for transcription in a conserved process called cap snatching. The recent developments in high-throughput sequencing have made it possible to determine most, if not all, of the capped RNAs snatched by a sNSV. Here, we show that rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV), a plant-infecting sNSV, co-infects Nicotiana benthamiana with two different begomoviruses and snatches capped leader sequences from their mRNAs. By determining the 5′ termini of a single RSV mRNA with high-throughput sequencing, the 5′ ends of almost all the mRNAs of the co-infecting begomoviruses could be identified and mapped on their genomes. The findings in this study provide support for the using of the cap snatching of sNSVs as a tool to map viral TSSs.
Trajectories of terminal decline in the well-being of older women: the DYNOPTA project.

Terminal decline in well-being is well established. However, the examination of covarying physical health and functioning on mortality-related well-being decline is limited. This study tested the effect of physical health changes on mortality-related well-being decline and examined the extent to which mortality-related trajectories of different well-being dimensions are similar. Participants comprised 1,862 decedent Australian females (aged M = 69.59 years; SD = 8.08 years at baseline) from the Dynamic Analyses to Optimize Ageing (DYNOPTA) Study who were observed on up to 4 occasions for up to 16 years (M = 6.04 years; SD = 2.14 years) prior to death, and who provided data on 2 well-being indices, vitality and mental health. Although between and within-person change in physical health fully accounted for mortality-related well-being decline, further analysis indicated that prior level of physical health reported only small effects on subsequent level of well-being and was wholly unrelated to well-being change. Conversely, only prior vitality reported significant effects on the level of, and change in, physical health. In conclusion, terminal decline in vitality and mental health appears to be an artifact of within-person physical health change and not prior level of physical health. Future areas of research should focus on identifying other significant predictors of physical health change which subsequently impact on well-being decline. There is also a need to discriminate between different indices of well-being as mortality-related changes and associations with physical function are not consistent.
1-alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) hampers the maturation of fully active immature dendritic cells from monocytes.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of the active metabolite of vitamin D(3), 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), an immunomodulatory hormone, on the generation of so-called immature dendritic cells (iDCs) generated from monocytes (Mo-iDCs). DESIGN AND METHODS Human peripheral blood monocytes were cultured to iDCs in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 for 1 week, with or without the extra addition of 10(-8) M 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) to the culture. Their phenotypes (CD14, CD1a, CD83, HLA-DR, CD80, CD86 and CD40 expression) were examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and their T-cell stimulatory potential was investigated in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (allo-MLR). Additionally, their in vitro production of IL-10, IL-12 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) were examined by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS When 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) was added to monocytes in culture with GM-CSF and IL-4, it hampered the maturation of Mo-iDCs. First, the phenotype of the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-differentiated DCs was affected, there being impaired downregulation of the monocytic marker CD14 and impaired upregulation of the markers CD1a, CD83, HLA-DR, CD80 and CD40. CD86 was expressed on more 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-differentiated DCs. Secondly, the T-cell stimulatory capability of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-differentiated DCs was upregulated relative to the original monocytes to a lesser degree than DCs differentiated without 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) when tested in an allo-MLR. With regard to the production of cytokines, Staphylococcus aureus cowan 1 strain (SAC)-induced IL-10 production, although not enhanced, remained high in 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-differentiated DCs, but was strongly downregulated in DCs generated in the absence of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). SAC/interferon-gamma-induced IL-12 production was clearly upregulated in both types of DC relative to those of the original monocytes, and TGF-beta production was downregulated. CONCLUSION Our data confirm earlier reports showing that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) hampers the maturation of fully active immunostimulatory major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+, CD1a+, CD80+ DCs from monocytes. Our data supplement the data from other reports by showing that the expression of CD86 was upregulated in 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-differentiated DCs, whilst the capacity for IL-10 production remained high. Collectively, these data are in line with earlier descriptions of suppressive activities of this steroid-like hormone with respect to the stimulation of cell-mediated immunity.
[Relationship of TGF-β and IL-4R gene polymorphisms with risk of classical Hodgkin lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to analyze the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of transforming growth factor-β1 G-800A and C-509T, interleukin-4 receptor V75I and susceptibility of CHL in adults. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was applied to analyze the expressed alleles of the selected SNP loca. The relationship between genomic polymorphisms of TGF-β1 and IL-4R and susceptibility of CHL were coupled with clinical data. RESULTS TGF-β1G-800A and TGF-β1C-509T had obvious linkage equilibrium (D' = 0.879, r(2) = 0.83, P = 0.020). GT haplotype distribution frequencies in mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma cases and control group were of 53.1% and 34.2%, respectively, with statistically significant (OR = 2.35, P = 0.000); distribution frequencies of mutant gene T/T in disease and control groups were of 38.8% and 15.3%, respectively, also with statistically significant (OR = 3.654, P = 0.000); frequencies of nodular sclerosis CHL patients with IL-4R V75I mutant gene A/A in disease and control groups were of 19.2% and 41.75%, respectively, also with statistically significant (OR = 3.156, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION Single nucleotide polymorphisms of TGF-β1 G-800A, C-509T and IL-4R V75I has a significant correlation with Chinese susceptibility to classical Hodgkin lymphoma.