Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performing Integrated Syntactic and Semantic Parsing Using Classification

This paper describes a particular approach to parsing that utilizes recent advances in unification-based parsing and in classification-based knowledge representation. As unification-based grammatical frameworks are extended to handle richer descriptions of linguistic information, they begin to share many of the properties that have been developed in KL-ONE-like knowledge representation systems. This commonality suggests that some of the classification-based representation techniques can be applied to unification-based linguistic descriptions. This merging supports the integration of semantic and syntactic information into the same system, simultaneously subject to the same types of processes, in an efficient manner. The result is expected to be more efficient parsing due to the increased organization of knowledge.
Addition of rifampin to combination antibiotic therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: prospective trial using the Zelen protocol

A multicenter, prospective randomized trial was conducted to determine if the addition of rifampin to a combination therapy of an antipseudomonal beta-lactam agent and aminoglycoside improves the outcome of patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia. The Zelen protocol for randomized-consent design was used. Consent was sought only from patients randomized to the experimental therapy (rifampin+). If the experimental therapy was refused, the patient would then receive the standard combination therapy (control); however, when outcome was evaluated, all patients randomized to the rifampin+ group, including those that declined rifampin, were compared with the control group. One hundred twenty-one consecutive hospitalized patients with positive blood cultures for P. aeruginosa were enrolled. Entry was stratified for prior use of empiric antipseudomonal antibiotics, neutropenia, severity of illness, and presence of pneumonia. Fifty-eight patients were randomized to receive rifampin (600 mg orally every 8 h for the first 72 h and then every 12 h for a total of 10 days) plus a beta-lactam agent plus an aminoglycoside. Sixty-three received the standard therapy of a beta-lactam plus an aminoglycoside agent (control). Bacteriologic cure occurred significantly more frequently in patients randomized to the rifampin+ regimen. Breakthrough or relapsing bacteremias occurred in 2% of the three-drug (rifampin+) group, compared with 14% for the two-drug (standard therapy) group. Despite this favorable trend in bacteriological response, no significant differences in survival were seen for the two treatment groups. Rifamycin derivatives warrant further clinical study as antipseudomonal agents. The Zelen protocol appears well suited for comparative trials of antimicrobial agents.
Attenuated behavioural responses to acute and chronic cocaine in GASP‐1‐deficient mice

G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) associated sorting protein 1 (GASP‐1) interacts with GPCRs and is implicated in their postendocytic sorting. Recently, GASP‐1 has been shown to regulate dopamine (D2) and cannabinoid (CB1) receptor signalling, suggesting that preventing GASP‐1 interaction with GPCRs might provide a means to limit the decrease in receptor signalling upon sustained agonist treatment. In order to test this hypothesis, we have generated and behaviourally characterized GASP‐1 knockout (KO) mice and have examined the consequences of the absence of GASP‐1 on chronic cocaine treatments. GASP‐1 KO and wild‐type (WT) mice were tested for sensitization to the locomotor effects of cocaine. Additional mice were trained to acquire intravenous self‐administration of cocaine on a fixed ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement, and the motivational value of cocaine was then assessed using a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. The dopamine and muscarinic receptor densities were quantitatively evaluated in the striatum of WT and KO mice tested for sensitization and self‐administration. Acute and sensitized cocaine‐locomotor effects were attenuated in KO mice. A decrease in the percentage of animals that acquired cocaine self‐administration was also observed in GASP‐1‐deficient mice, which was associated with pronounced down‐regulation of dopamine and muscarinic receptors in the striatum. These data indicate that GASP‐1 participates in acute and chronic behavioural responses induced by cocaine and are in agreement with a role of GASP‐1 in postendocytic sorting of GPCRs. However, in contrast to previous studies, our data suggest that upon sustained receptor stimulation GASP‐1 stimulates recycling rather than receptor degradation.
Quality improvement in public health: where are we now?

Managing performance and strengthening accountability have emerged as the prevailing themes confronting public health agencies as expectations continue to rise and resources tighten. Two prominent strategies to strengthen accountability and improve performance across agencies are voluntary accreditation of health departments coupled with continuous quality improvement (QI). This special issue is dedicated to the current and future states of quality improvement in public health, examining the current research from the field as well as our expectations for the future. To address these issues, we have selected various experts from the field to provide timely research and commentary that set the stage for accreditation and QI in public health as well as the promises they hold for the future. Extensive experience in many industries has demonstrated that both accreditation and QI can be powerful mechanisms to ensure superior performance of public health departments and improve population health. However, unlike other industries, public health has an added layer of complexity; not only are health departments accountable for their own performance but they must also provide leadership for the public health system. To address quality and sufficiently understand QI methods, we must first be specific about our definitions. In this issue, Riley et al present two consensus definitions that bring us closer to a common understanding of what we mean when we discuss quality and quality improvement. These definitions help us as we begin to articulate a clear vision for quality and QI in public health for the future. This special issue proposes a framework for developing, implementing, and sustaining QI in public health.
In Vitro Screening of Three Indian Medicinal Plants for Their Phytochemicals, Anticholinesterase, Antiglucosidase, Antioxidant, and Neuroprotective Effects

Cooccurrence of Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's disease in elder people prompts scientists to develop multitarget agents that combat causes and symptoms of both diseases simultaneously. In line with this modern paradigm and as a follow-up to our previous studies, the present study is designed to investigate the crude methanolic extracts and subsequent CHCl3, n-BuOH, and H2O fractions of Acalypha alnifolia, Pavetta indica, and Ochna obtusata for their inhibitory activities towards specific targets involved in AD and DM, namely, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and α-glucosidase (α-Glc). The methanolic extract and its derived chloroform fractions exhibited remarkable inhibitory capacities with IC50 values being found at the μg/mL level. Further studies on most active chloroform fractions presented a prominent ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS reactive species and highest neuroprotective effect against H2O2 induced cell injury. Phytochemical analysis showed a large amount of phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids in active fractions. In conclusion, A. alnifolia, P. indica, and O. obtusata could be promising sources for the treatment of AD and DM since these fractions induced significant anticholinesterase, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and neuroprotection effects attributable to phenolic, flavonoid, and terpenoid contents and encourage further studies for development of multifunctional therapeutic agent for AD and DM dual therapy.
Comparing Corpora using Frequency Profiling

This paper describes a method of comparing corpora which uses frequency profiling. The method can be used to discover key words in the corpora which differentiate one corpus from another. Using annotated corpora, it can be applied to discover key grammatical or word-sense categories. This can be used as a quick way in to find the differences between the corpora and is shown to have applications in the study of social differentiation in the use of English vocabulary, profiling of learner English and document analysis in the software engineering process.
A very modal model of a modern, major, general type system

We present a model of recursive and impredicatively quantified types with mutable references. We interpret in this model all of the type constructors needed for typed intermediate languages and typed assembly languages used for object-oriented and functional languages. We establish in this purely semantic fashion a soundness proof of the typing systems underlying these TILs and TALs---ensuring that every well-typed program is safe. The technique is generic, and applies to any small-step semantics including λ-calculus, labeled transition systems, and von Neumann machines. It is also simple, and reduces mainly to defining a Kripke semantics of the Gödel-Löb logic of provability. We have mechanically verified in Coq the soundness of our type system as applied to a von Neumann machine.
Protozoan Bacterivory and Escherichia coli Survival in Drinking Water Distribution Systems

ABSTRACT The development of bacterial communities in drinking water distribution systems leads to a food chain which supports the growth of macroorganisms incompatible with water quality requirements and esthetics. Nevertheless, very few studies have examined the microbial communities in drinking water distribution systems and their trophic relationships. This study was done to quantify the microbial communities (especially bacteria and protozoa) and obtain direct and indirect proof of protozoan feeding on bacteria in two distribution networks, one of GAC water (i.e., water filtered on granular activated carbon) and the other of nanofiltered water. The nanofiltered water-supplied network contained no organisms larger than bacteria, either in the water phase (on average, 5 × 107bacterial cells liter−1) or in the biofilm (on average, 7 × 106 bacterial cells cm−2). No protozoa were detected in the whole nanofiltered water-supplied network (water plus biofilm). In contrast, the GAC water-supplied network contained bacteria (on average, 3 × 108 cells liter−1 in water and 4 × 107 cells cm−2 in biofilm) and protozoa (on average, 105cells liter−1 in water and 103 cells cm−2 in biofilm). The water contained mostly flagellates (93%), ciliates (1.8%), thecamoebae (1.6%), and naked amoebae (1.1%). The biofilm had only ciliates (52%) and thecamoebae (48%). Only the ciliates at the solid-liquid interface of the GAC water-supplied network had a measurable grazing activity in laboratory test (estimated at 2 bacteria per ciliate per h). Protozoan ingestion of bacteria was indirectly shown by adding Escherichia colito the experimental distribution systems. Unexpectedly, E. coli was lost from the GAC water-supplied network more rapidly than from the nanofiltered water-supplied network, perhaps because of the grazing activity of protozoa in GAC water but not in nanofiltered water. Thus, the GAC water-supplied network contained a functional ecosystem with well-established and structured microbial communities, while the nanofiltered water-supplied system did not. The presence of protozoa in drinking water distribution systems must not be neglected because these populations may regulate the autochthonous and allochthonous bacterial populations.
Empowering configurable QoS management in real-time systems

Current Quality of Service (QoS) management methods in real-time systems using feedback control loop lack support for configurability and reusability as they cannot be configured for a target application or reused across different applications. In this paper we present a method for developing reconfigurable feedback-based QoS management for real-time systems, denoted Re-QoS. By combining component-based design with aspect-oriented software development Re-QoS enables successful handling of crosscutting nature of QoS policies, as well as evolutionary design of real-time systems and QoS management architectures. Re-QoS defines a QoS aspect package, which is an implementation of a set of aspects and components that provide a number of different QoS policies. By adding a QoS aspect package to an existing system without QoS guarantees, we are able to use the same system in unpredictable environments where performance guarantees are essential. Furthermore, by exchanging aspects within the QoS aspect package one can efficiently tailor the QoS management of a real-time system based on the application requirements. We demonstrate the usefulness of the concept on a case study of an embedded real-time database system, called COMET. Using the COMET example we show how a real-time database system can be adapted to be used in different applications with distinct QoS needs.
Low phase-noise temperature compensated self-biased ring oscillator

This paper proposes a very simple and innovative self-biasing (SB) scheme to be applied to classic fully-differential current starved (CS) ring oscillators. Using the proposed SB circuit, it is possible to reduce, simultaneously, phase-noise and temperature sensitivity of the oscillation frequency. Simulation results from a CS and from the new SB ring oscillator, both designed in a 65 nm 1.2V standard CMOS technology are presented, to validate and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed new self-biasing scheme. These simulation results show an improvement of about 4 dB in phase-noise (at 1 MHz offset) and, at the same time, it has been verified that the oscillation frequency changes less than 0.71 % (less than 57 ppm/°C), in the temperature range ranging from -40 to 85 °C. Moreover, due to the low noise and low power design, the proposed new SB ring oscillator achieves a simulated figure-of-merit (FOM) of -163.5 dBc/Hz, which represents 8 dB improvement, accomplishing one of the best results when compared with the state-of-the art.
The Deployment of a Darknet on an Organization-Wide Network: An Empirical Analysis

Darknet sensors have the interesting property of collecting only suspicious traffic, including misconfiguration, backscatter and malicious traffic. The type of traffic collected highly depends on two parameters: the size and the location of the darknet sensor. The goals of this paper are to study empirically the relationship between these two parameters and to try to increase the volume of attackers detected by a given darknet sensor. Our empirical results reveal that on average, on a daily basis, 485 distinct external source IP addresses perform a TCP scan on one of the two /16 networks of our organizationpsilas network. Moreover, a given darknet sensor of 77 IP addresses deployed in the same /16 network collects on average attack traffic from 26% of these attackers.
Proteasome Activator Enhances Survival of Huntington's Disease Neuronal Model Cells

In patients with Huntington's disease (HD), the proteolytic activity of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is reduced in the brain and other tissues. The pathological hallmark of HD is the intraneuronal nuclear protein aggregates of mutant huntingtin. We determined how to enhance UPS function and influence catalytic protein degradation and cell survival in HD. Proteasome activators involved in either the ubiquitinated or the non-ubiquitinated proteolysis were overexpressed in HD patients' skin fibroblasts or mutant huntingtin-expressing striatal neurons. Following compromise of the UPS, overexpression of the proteasome activator subunit PA28γ, but not subunit S5a, recovered proteasome function in the HD cells. PA28γ also improved cell viability in mutant huntingtin-expressing striatal neurons exposed to pathological stressors, such as the excitotoxin quinolinic acid and the reversible proteasome inhibitor MG132. These results demonstrate the specific functional enhancements of the UPS that can provide neuroprotection in HD cells.
Modularizing B+-trees: Three-Level B+-trees Work Fine

The objective of this research is to improve the single-thread performance of a B+-tree in memory. Existing works have been utilized changes in hardware for the performance improvement. While utilizing these works, we modularize B+trees in memory especially for write-intensive workloads. The modularization is mainly aimed at utilizing the difference in read/write ratio between levels, which is large for write-intensive workloads. In this paper, we show how to modularize B+-trees and effective selections of algorithms and the node size at each level. The cost to switch algorithms is minimized because algorithms at a level are statically defined at compile time. The best selection in this paper formed three-level B+-trees and achieved twoor threefold performance improvement over a typical implementation of a B+-tree. In the three-level B+-trees, we perform linear search on small unsorted leaf nodes, and interpolation search on the large sorted root node, and linear search on small sorted internal nodes.
A day in the life of a happy worker

This edited collection brings together some of the leading researchers in the study of the daily experience of work and daily well-being. The book covers both theoretical and methodological issues involved in studying workers’ well-being as it evolves on a daily basis. Interest in the topic of daily fluctuations in worker well-being has grown rapidly over the past ten years. This is partly because of advances in research and statistical methods, but also because researchers have found that the psychological processes that influence well-being play out from moment to moment, and from day to day. Topics covered in this book include: - The theoretical basis of studying work as a series of daily episodes - Assessment of different components of daily well-being - Factors involved in the regulation of well-being at work - Qualitative and quantitative diary experience sampling and event reconstruction methods - Latent growth curve modelling of diary data - The final chapter of the book includes a preview of how daily methods may evolve in the future. Intended as a guide for researchers with good knowledge of field research methods, the book will be particularly useful to researchers of work-related phenomena who seek to expand their knowledge of dynamic methods in field contexts, and those who want to start using these methods. It will also be of interest to students of work psychology and organisational behaviour, and related disciplines.
Patient choice in the selection of hospitals by 9-1-1 emergency medical services providers in trauma systems.

OBJECTIVES Reasons for undertriage (transporting seriously injured patients to nontrauma centers) and the apparent lack of benefit of trauma centers among older adults remain unclear; understanding emergency medical services (EMS) provider reasons for selecting certain hospitals in trauma systems may provide insight to these issues. In this study, the authors evaluated reasons cited by EMS providers for selecting specific hospital destinations for injured patients, stratified by age, injury severity, field triage status, and prognosis. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of injured children and adults transported by 61 EMS agencies to 93 hospitals (trauma and nontrauma centers) in five regions of the western United States from 2006 through 2008. Hospital records were probabilistically linked to EMS records using trauma registries, state discharge data, and emergency department data. The seven standardized reasons cited by EMS providers for selecting hospital destinations included closest facility, ambulance diversion, physician choice, law enforcement choice, patient or family choice, specialty resource center, and other. "Serious injury" was defined as an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16, and unadjusted in-hospital mortality was considered as a marker of prognosis. All analyses were stratified by age in 10-year increments, and descriptive statistics were used to characterize the findings. RESULTS A total of 176,981 injured patients were evaluated and transported by EMS over the 3-year period, of whom 5,752 (3.3%) had ISS ≥ 16 and 2,773 (1.6%) died. Patient or family choice (50.6%), closest facility (20.7%), and specialty resource center (15.2%) were the most common reasons indicated by EMS providers for selecting destination hospitals; these frequencies varied substantially by patient age. The frequency of patient or family choice increased with increasing age, from 36.4% among 21- to 30-year-olds to 75.8% among those older than 90 years. This trend paralleled undertriage rates and persisted when restricted to patients with serious injuries. Older patients with the worst prognoses were preferentially transported to major trauma centers, a finding that was not explained by field triage protocols. CONCLUSIONS Emergency medical services transport patterns among injured patients are not random, even after accounting for field triage protocols. The selection of hospitals appears to be heavily influenced by patient or family choice, which increases with patient age and involves inherent differences in patient prognosis.
Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol are segregated into different domains in bacterial membrane. A study with pyrene‐labelled phospholipids

To detect and characterize membrane domains that have been proposed to exist in bacteria, two kinds of pyrene‐labelled phospholipids, 2‐pyrene‐decanoyl‐phosphatidylethanolamine (PY‐PE) and 2‐pyrene‐decanoyl‐phosphatidylglycerol (PY‐PG) were inserted into Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis membrane. The excimerization rate coefficient, calculated from the excimer‐to‐monomer ratio dependencies on the probe concentration, was two times higher for PY‐PE than for PY‐PG at 37°C. This was ascribed to different local concentrations rather than to differences in mobility. The extent of mixing between the two fluorescent phospholipids, estimated by formation of their heteroexcimer, was found very low both in E. coli and B. subtilis, in contrast to model membranes. In addition, these two pyrene derivatives exhibited different temperature phase transitions and different detergent extractability, indicating that the surroundings of these phospholipids in bacterial membrane differ in organization and order. Inhibition of protein synthesis, leading to condensation of nucleoid and presumably to dissipation of membrane domains, indeed resulted in increased formation of heteroexcimers, broadening of phase transitions and equal detergent extractability of both probes. It is proposed that in bacterial membranes these phospholipids are segregated into distinct domains that differ in composition, proteo–lipid interaction and degree of order; the proteo‐lipid domain being enriched by PE.
Gauging Similarity with n-Grams: Language-Independent Categorization of Text

A language-independent means of gauging topical similarity in unrestricted text is described. The method combines information derived from n-grams (consecutive sequences of n characters) with a simple vector-space technique that makes sorting, categorization, and retrieval feasible in a large multilingual collection of documents. No prior information about document content or language is required. Context, as it applies to document similarity, can be accommodated by a well-defined procedure. When an existing document is used as an exemplar, the completeness and accuracy with which topically related documents are retrieved is comparable to that of the best existing systems. The results of a formal evaluation are discussed, and examples are given using documents in English and Japanese.