Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stomatal Closure, Basal Leaf Embolism, and Shedding Protect the Hydraulic Integrity of Grape Stems1[OPEN]

Grape stomata are regulated to close before xylem cavitation. If the plant continues to dehydrate, basal leaf embolism and shedding protect the hydraulic integrity of younger leaves and the stem. The time scale of stomatal closure and xylem cavitation during plant dehydration, as well as the fate of embolized organs, are under debate, largely due to methodological limitations in the evaluation of embolism. While some argue that complete stomatal closure precedes the occurrence of embolism, others believe that the two are contemporaneous processes that are accompanied by daily xylem refilling. Here, we utilize an optical light transmission method to continuously monitor xylem cavitation in leaves of dehydrating grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in concert with stomatal conductance and stem and petiole hydraulic measurements. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to continuously monitor xylem cavitation and flow rates in the stem of an intact vine during 10 d of dehydration. The results showed that complete stomatal closure preceded the appearance of embolism in the leaves and the stem by several days. Basal leaves were more vulnerable to xylem embolism than apical leaves and, once embolized, were shed, thereby preventing further water loss and protecting the hydraulic integrity of younger leaves and the stem. As a result, embolism in the stem was minimal even when drought led to complete leaf shedding. These findings suggest that grapevine avoids xylem embolism rather than tolerates it.
Effects of Ethyl 4-Chloro-2-Methylphenoxyacetate Composition in Golden Hamsters

INOMATA, N. Effects of Ethyl 4-Chloro-2-Methylphenoxyacetate on Bile Composition in Golden Hamsters. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166 (2), 239-249 The effects of ethyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate (MCPA) on the cholesterol levels in the liver, serum and gallbladder bile, the composition of both biliary lipids and bile acids, and the hepatic enzyme activities relating to the bile acid formation were investigated in male golden hamsters. MCPA was administered orally to the animals at the doses of 200, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. Clofibrate (500 mg/kg/day) was also tested for comparison, because of its similarity to MCPA in chemical structure and pharmacological actions. Body weight gain was slightly decreased, but liver to body weight ratio was increased in the MCPA groups of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg and also in the clofibrate group. In these groups, the cholesterol level in the liver was decreased but that in bile was increased. The composition of biliary bile acids was also changed in both the MCPA groups (500 and 1,000 mg/kg) and the clofibrate group, but in a different manner ; the levels and proportions of secondary bile acids were increased in the MCPA groups, while those of cholic acid and deoxycholic acid were decreased in the clofibrate group. These results indicate that MCPA and clofibrate may affect cholesterol catabolism differently, although these two compounds contain the same chlorinated phenoxy acid moiety. The increased level of cholesterol in bile might lead to the formation of cholesterol gallstone, which is frequently found in patients with gallbladder cancer. It is inferred that exposure to MCPA could be a risk factor for gallbladder cancer, which was initiated with some chemical carcinogens, because it increased the levels and proportions of both cholesterol and secondary bile acids in bile. ethyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate ; bile composition ; golden hamster ; gallbladder cancer ; clofibrate
Data Evolution and Its Modeling

Incomplete information about how data has evolved over time has caused many puzzles in applications such as audit trail, data quality. Such challenges mandate the need for rich and descriptive derivation information about data to accompany the data in order to understand and reuse it. This paper puts forward the concept of data evolution to describe the process of semantics change for data product in its lifecycle, in which data product is an entity with interactive computation capability. In practice, data has intrinsic semantics as well as extension semantics, but current data models only describe the intrinsic semantics for data. Therefore, this paper presents a new explanation of dasiadatapsila, i.e. dasiadatapsila is a combination of data object, genetic information and computing component. Data object expresses the intrinsic semantics for dasiadatapsila. The genetic information represents the extension semantics for dasiadatapsila. The computing component interacts with user behaviors, evolves data object and genetic information and memorizes the process of semantics change. We present the framework of data evolution, analyze its characteristics and present its research challenges.
Propagación in vitro de caoba (Swietenia macrophylla King) a partir de yemas axilares

La caoba (Swietenia macrophylla King) es una especie forestal muy cotizada por su madera, pero se encuentra amenazada por las deforestaciones indiscriminadas y por el ataque severo de un insecto, conocido como el barrenador de las meliaceas Hypsipyla grandella Zell (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) , ademas presenta una baja capacidad de regeneracion. Para aumentar la poblacion de caoba, se planteo la propagacion en masa por cultivo in vitro. En este sentido, fueron cultivados segmentos nodales en medio MS a la mitad de su fuerza ionica, complementado con diferentes relaciones de acido naftalen acetico (ANA) y 6- benciladenina (BA) establecidas por el diseno estadistico Compuesto Central Rotable (CCR), en un rango de 0-3 mg/L para ambas hormonas. Las condiciones de cultivo fueron 25 oC, 16 h de luz y 40-45 µmoles. m-2. s-1. La superficie de respuesta resultante muestra un optimo de alargamiento de yemas laterales en una relacion 0,38 mg/L de ANA y 1,94 mg/L de BA. No hubo diferencias significativas en los vastagos de caoba cultivados en los diferentes medios de enraizamiento estudiados. La metodologia aplicada permitio obtener plantulas de caoba aclimatadas.
Subwavelength plasmonic band-pass filter based on metal-insulator-metal structure with elliptic resonator

In this paper, a nanoscale band-pass filter in two-dimensional plasmonic waveguides with elliptic resonator is proposed, and its performance is validated numerically using method of finite difference time domain (FDTD). The proposed compact filter is applicable in all optical telecommunication systems and networks. It can also be integrated in photonic integrated circuits (PICs).
Class VIII Myosins Are Required for Plasmodesmatal Localization of a Closterovirus Hsp70 Homolog

ABSTRACT The Hsp70 homolog (Hsp70h) of Beet yellows virus (BYV) functions in virion assembly and cell-to-cell movement and is autonomously targeted to plasmodesmata in association with the actomyosin motility system (A. I. Prokhnevsky, V. V. Peremyslov, and V. V. Dolja, J. Virol. 79:14421-14428, 2005). Myosins are a diverse category of molecular motors that possess a motor domain and a tail domain involved in cargo binding. Plants have two classes of myosins, VIII and XI, whose specific functions are poorly understood. We used dominant negative inhibition to identify myosins required for Hsp70h localization to plasmodesmata. Six full-length myosin cDNAs from the BYV host plant Nicotiana benthamiana were sequenced and shown to encode apparent orthologs of the Arabidopsis thaliana myosins VIII-1, VIII-2, VIII-B, XI-2, XI-F, and XI-K. We found that the ectopic expression of the tail domains of each of the class VIII, but not the class XI, myosins inhibited the plasmodesmatal localization of Hsp70h. In contrast, the overexpression of the motor domains or the entire molecules of the class VIII myosins did not affect Hsp70h targeting. Further mapping revealed that the minimal cargo-binding part of the myosin VIII tails was both essential and sufficient for the inhibition of the proper Hsp70h localization. Interestingly, plasmodesmatal localization of the Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein and Arabidopsis protein RGP2 was not affected by myosin VIII tail overexpression. Collectively, our data implicate class VIII myosins in protein delivery to plasmodesmata and suggest that more than one mechanism of such delivery exist in plants.
Effective critical gate identification for mitigating circuit aging using gate replacement

NBTI effect has become a major problem for device reliability in Nano CMOS technology. The aging issue of logic gate caused by NBTI can be alleviated by gate replacement techniques. This paper proposes an efficient metric to identifying the critical gates and an improved gate replacement algorithm. Firstly, an aging analysis framework considering the internal nodes information of the circuit is developed. The metric introduces a need consider view of the critical gate's output changes may affect subsequent logical gate to identify critical gates. Finally, the improved gate replacement algorithm is applied to replace the critical gates in circuit. Experimental results based on 45nm transistor process model and ISCAS85 benchmark circuit show that, compared with the existing gate replacement techniques, the proposed methods can identify the critical gates more accurately with the average delay improvement rate of 25.11% with less overhead.
Feline haemobartonellosis: clinical, haematological and pathological studies in natural infections and the relationship to infection with feline leukaemia virus

Haemobartonella felis infection was demonstrated in 38 cats which could be divided into four groups as follows: group A, feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) free cats with H felis infection alone; group B, FeLV free cats with H felis infection and other clinical conditions; group C, FeLV positive cats with H felis infection but no clinical manifestation of FeLV related or any other intercurrent disease; and group D, FeLV positive cats with H felis infection and clinical manifestations of FeLV related or other diseases. Cats in group A were healthy carriers of the infection and none was anaemic, whereas some in group B had clinical haemobartonellosis and anaemia. This anaemia was mainly mild, normocytic and normochromic. Most of the cats in group C and all in group D were more severely ill and anaemic, the anaemia usually being macrocytic and hypochromic. Splenomegaly occurred only in groups C and D. Treatment with tetracyclines did not eliminate H felis from any of the cats and blood transfusions were ineffective in promoting long term recovery from anaemia in cats with intercurrent H felis and FeLV infections. The findings in the cats in groups C and D were further compared with those in a fifth group of cats which were infected with FeLV but free of H felis.
Some critical factors in prism-adaptation.

There is general agreement as to the kind of systematic errors in reaching which are induced by wearing prisms displacing the visual field. There is disagreement, however, as to the relative importance of some of the factors which may, alone or in combination with others, determine such displacements. A visuo-motor mechanism has been postulated with strong emphasis on the importance of reafferent stimulation from the musculature. " An even stronger emphasis on proprioceptive and motor adjustments, with a corresponding neglect of possible visual factors, was made by Harris.2 As yet, the visual components, though tacitly assumed in the current explanatory schema, have not been specifically studied. This is surprising, since KohlerO reported an early experiment in which prisms were worn which displaced half of the visual field. When the prisms were removed, after-effects were confined to the exposed portion of the visual field. Since this effect varied as S moved his eyes, as well as his head, it was assumed to be not primarily visual in nature. The possibility remains that there may be some specific visual component which may be uncovered if investigated under appropriate conditions. The experiments described below explore the relative importance of visual mechanisms in prism-adaptation. Experiment I will study adaptation to induced displacement in a limb seen through the prism, but not moved by S, hence, providing little reafferent information. Experiments II and II will examine the effects of exposure of a limited retinal area to the prism. A purely proprioceptive-motor hypothesis would be excluded if it were found that under certain conditions of exposure the after-effects were confined to a specific portion of the visual field.
Spatio-temporal Variations in Heavy Metal Concentrations in Sediment of Qua Iboe River Estuary, Nigeria

The concentrations of heavy metals in sediments of Qua Iboe River Estuary (QIRE) were monitored at four different sampling locations in wet and dry seasons. A preliminary survey to determine the four sampling stations along the river continuum showed that the area spanned between <0.1‰ salinity at the control station and 21.5‰ at the fourth station along the river continuum. A preliminary survey to determine the four sampling locations along the river estuary showed variations in salinity and other physicochemical parameters. The estuary was found to be polluted with heavy metals from point and nonpoint sources at varying degrees. Mean values of 7.80 mg/kg, 4.97 mg/kg and 2.80 mg/kg of nickel were obtained for sediment samples from Douglas creek, Qua Iboe and Atlantic sampling locations, respectively in the dry season. The wet season nickel concentrations were however lower. The entire study area was grossly contaminated by iron. At Douglas creek, the concentration of iron in sediment was 9274 ± 9.54mg/kg while copper, nickel, lead and vanadium were <0.5mg/kg each as compared to iron. Bioaccumulation was therefore suspected within the study area as values of 31.00 ± 0.79, 36.00 ± 0.10 and 55.00 ± 0.05 mg/kg of zinc were recorded in sediment at Douglas creek, Atlantic and the control sampling locations. The results from this study showed that the source of these heavy metals were from point sources like the corrosion of metal steel pipes from old bridges as well as oily sludge wastes from the Qua Iboe Terminal / tank farm located within the vicinity of the study area. Keywords—Heavy metal, Qua Iboe River Estuary, seasonal variations, sediment.
Comparative Antibacterial Efficacy of Endemic Satureja Khuzistanica Jamzad Essential Oil, Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solutions as Root Canal Irrigations

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial efficacy of endemic Satureja Khuzistanica Jamzad (SKJ) essential oil as root canal irrigation versus 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate. Methods: In current in vitro experimental study, fifty four single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups of 9 samples: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), 0.31 mg/ml SKJ, 0.62 mg/ml SKJ, positive and negative controls. Each tooth was instrumented, sealed and autoclaved. Then, test groups were inoculated with E. faecalis, treated with irrigation solution and viable bacterial counts in intracanal dentin chips were determined. Utilizing SPSS 18 software, collected data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis of variance (P = 0.05). Results: 99.94 % and 99.50% reduction in bacteria load after 5 min treatment with NaOCl and CHX were detected, respectively. Similarly, 99.97% and 99.96% reduction in bacterial counts were observed after 5 min application of 0.62 mg/ml and 0.31 mg/ml SKJ essential. No significant differences were detected among the four irrigation solutions (P = 0.755). Conclusion: SKJ essential oil with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.31 mg/ml could be an effective antibacterial irrigation solution.
The Relation of Clinical Research to Practice and the Apparent Crisis of Confidence.

ABSTRACT Barlow (1981) lists nine reasons why clinical psychologists do not undertake research and why traditional research does not influence clinicians. These reasons focus on: (1) lack of access to a large subject pool; (2) manpower costs of conducting research; (3) financial costs of conducting research; (4) ethics; (5) research's overreliance on statistical significance; (6) difficulty in predicting a treatment's effectiveness with an individual from nomothetic research; (7) the practitioner's awareness that each client is different; (8) the practitioner's resistance to using factorial designs; and (9) the view that research may thwart clinician's effort to get clients better as quickly as possible. Intensive local observation, a series of single case studies using each patient seen by a therapist as a self-containeo. experiment, may be one solution to closing the researcher-practitioner gap. A more basic underlying reason that clinicians do not engage in research, are not trusted by the public, and are ineffective is that graduate schools are training the wrong people to be clinical psychologists. Too much emphasis is placed on psychometric and standardized intelligence tests. Students in experimental psychology perform well because experimentation and statistics can be taught and learned. Psychotherapy is more difficult to teach and learn. If clinical psychology is to improve its effectiveness, it must put less emphasis on abilities like memorization and social conformity and must attract students who are emotionally mature, have lived less sheltered lives, and have some knowledge of the world. (NB)
Molecular Characterization of the Aeromonas hydrophila aroA Gene and Potential Use of an AuxotrophicaroA Mutant as a Live Attenuated Vaccine

ABSTRACT The aroA gene of Aeromonas hydrophilaSO2/2, encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase, was cloned by complementation of the aroA mutation inEscherichia coli K-12 strain AB2829, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The nucleotide sequence of the A. hydrophila aroA gene encoded a protein of 440 amino acids which showed a high degree of homology to other bacterial AroA proteins. To obtain an effective attenuated live vaccine against A. hydrophila infections in fish, the aroA gene was inactivated by the insertion of a DNA fragment containing a kanamycin resistance determinant and reintroduced by allelic exchange into the chromosome of A. hydrophila AG2 by means of the suicide vector pSUP202. The A. hydrophila mutant AG2aroA::Kar was highly attenuated when inoculated intraperitoneally into a rainbow trout, with a 50% lethal dose of >2 × 108 CFU. The mutants were not recoverable from the internal organs after 48 h postinoculation. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that immunopositive materials, but not whole cells, reacting with a polyclonal antiserum against A. hydrophila were present in the kidney and spleen 9 days postinjection. Vaccination of rainbow trout with the AroA mutant as a live vaccine conferred significant protection against the wild-type strain of A. hydrophila.
Gabor and the Wigner-Ville transforms for broken rotor bars detection in induction motors

Induction Motors are subjected to unavoidable stresses that create failures in their different parts and result in substantial cost penalties. An effective incipient fault detection technique can reduce the maintenance expenses by preventing high cost failures and unscheduled downtimes. Broken rotor bars (BRB) is the most common rotor-related failure, and the startup transient is suitable for their detection. Therefore, several time-frequency representations have been proposed for this aim. This paper presents a performance comparison between the Gabor transform and the Wigner-Ville with a Choi-Williams kernel (WVD-CW) transform for broken rotor bar detection in induction motors. Preliminary results show that WVD-CW has better time-frequency resolution than the Gabor transform ensuring the BRB fault detection with high certainty.
SU 14813 : a novel multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potent antiangiogenic and antitumor activity

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), stem cell factor receptor (KIT), and fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), are expressed in malignant tissues and act in concert, playing diverse and major roles in angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. With the exception of a fewmalignancies, seemingly driven by a single genetic mutation in a signaling protein, most tumors are the product of multiple mutations in multiple aberrant signaling pathways. Consequently, simultaneous targeted inhibition of multiple signaling pathways could be more effective than inhibiting a single pathway in cancer therapies. Such a multitargeted strategy has recently been validated in a number of preclinical and clinical studies using RTK inhibitors with broad target selectivity. SU14813, a small molecule identified from the same chemical library used to isolate sunitinib, has broad-spectrumRTK inhibitory activity through binding to and inhibition of VEGFR, PDGFR, KIT, and FLT3. In cellular assays, SU14813 inhibited liganddependent and ligand-independent proliferation, migration, and survival of endothelial cells and/or tumor cells expressing these targets. SU14813 inhibited VEGFR-2, PDGFR-B, and FLT3 phosphorylation in xenograft tumors in a doseand time-dependent fashion. The plasma concentration required for in vivo target inhibition was estimated to be 100 to 200 ng/mL. Used as monotherapy, SU14813 exhibited broad and potent antitumor activity resulting in regression, growth arrest, or substantially reduced growth of various established xenografts derived from human or rat tumor cell lines. Treatment in combination with docetaxel significantly enhanced both the inhibition of primary tumor growth and the survival of the tumorbearing mice compared with administration of either agent alone. In summary, SU14813 inhibited target RTK activity in vivo in association with reduction in angiogenesis, target RTK-mediated proliferation, and survival of tumor cells, leading to broad and potent antitumor efficacy. These data support the ongoing phase I clinical evaluation of SU14813 in advanced malignancies. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(7):1774–82]
Effects of minocycline on parameters of cardiovascular recovery after cardioplegic arrest in a rabbit Langendorff heart model

Pharmacological cardiac organ protection during cardiopulmonary bypass presents an opportunity for improvement. A number of different strategies have been established to minimize ischemia/reperfusion‐induced damage to the heart. Among these, cardioplegia with histidine‐tryptophan‐ketoglutarate solution and hypothermia are the most frequently used regimens. The antibiotic minocycline has been used in this context for neuroprotection. The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether the application of minocycline prior to cardioplegia exerts a protective effect on cardiac muscle. For this purpose, this study investigated six rabbit hearts with minocycline treatment (1 μmol/L) and six without in a Langendorff model of 90 min cold cardioplegic arrest using Custodiol followed by a 30 min recovery phase. Histological analysis of cardiac muscle revealed that markers of apoptosis, oxidative and nitrosative stress were significantly lower in the minocycline group, whereas adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐ and malondialdehyde (MDA)‐levels and O2‐consumption were not affected by minocycline. Functionally, recovery of dP/dt (max) and dP/dt (min) was significantly faster in the minocycline group than in control. This leads to the conclusion that adding minocycline to the cardioplegic solution may improve left ventricular recovery after cardioplegic arrest involving reduced pro‐apoptotic effects.