Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges in measuring readiness for entrepreneurship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish a readiness for entrepreneurship theoretical framework. The paper marks the first of three stages to build a scale to measure readiness for entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach – The current paper is conceptual. The research approach consists of formulating proposals and definitions based on an extensive literature review. Findings – The literature review reveals that no such readiness for entrepreneurship measurement tool exists. The literature review also yields definitions and components of key concepts for the theoretical framework. Research limitations/implications – The paper offers a new, holistic perspective of readiness for entrepreneurship. This research addresses measurement of readiness for entrepreneurship from a rigorous, scientific approach. The main limitation lies in capturing and organizing extensive information on topics from diverse disciplines (i.e. sociology, psychology, and business management). Practical implications – Th.
USING RIBOSOMAL RNA GENE RESTRICTION PATTERNS IN DISTINGUISHING ISOLATES OF PASTEURELLA HAEMOLYTICA FROM BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS CANADENSIS)

Pasteurella haemolytica isolates (n = 31) from two isolated captive herds of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) were characterized and compared phenotypically (biotype, serotype, hemolytic activity) and by a genomic fingerprinting method known as ribotyping. Seven to nine distinct phenotypes were observed. Depending on the method used for serotyping, one to three phenotypes were common to both herds. Eighteen isolates, recovered from both herds, were non-hemolytic, biotype T, indirect hemagglutination assay serotype 4. Ribotyping, a method for highlighting genetically conserved deoxyribonucleic acid restriction site heterogeneity with a 32P-labelled Escherichia coli ribosomal ribonucleic acid probe, produced six to eight distinct ribotype pattern groups within the 31 P. haemolytica isolates, depending on the restriction enzyme used. In contrast to phenotypes, ribotypes appeared unique to each herd, and ribotyping helped to further differentiate some isolates of the same biotype and serotype. In addition, ribotyping provided an alternative means for evaluating relationships between isolates differing in hemolytic activity but which were otherwise phenotypically identical. We propose that ribotyping may be a useful adjunct to other bacterial characterization methods in studying the epizootiology of pasteurellosis in bighorn sheep.
Airline Fleet Assignment with Time Windows

Recognizing that allowing variability in scheduled flight departure times can result in improved flight connection opportunities and a more cost effective fleet assignment, we present a generalized fleet assignment model for simultaneously assigning aircraft types to flights and scheduling flight departures. Our model, a simple variant of basic fleet assignment models, assigns a time window to each flight and then discretizes each window, allowing flight departure times to be optimized. Because problem size can become formidable, much larger than basic fleet assignment models, we develop two algorithmic approaches for solving the model. Our direct solution approach is good for speed and simplicity, whereas our iterative technique minimizes memory usage. Using data from a major U.S. airline, we show that our model can solve real, large-scale problems, and we evaluate the effects of schedule flexibility. In every test scenario, the model produces a fleet assignment with significantly lower costs than the basic model, and, in a separate analysis, the model is used to tighten the schedule, potentially saving aircraft.
The effects of drugs that cause neutropenia upon colony formation by bone marrow cells in semi-solid agar.

1. The effect of drugs that cause neutropenia has been tested upon normal bone marrow colony formation in semi-solid agar. 2. Thiouracil, methimazole and phenylbutazone do not cause inhibition whereas sodium aurothiomalate, 6-mercaptopurine and chloramphenicol cause dose-related inhibition of colony formation at or below drug concentrations found in serum during therapy. Chloramphenicol also inhibits mouse bone marrow, L cells and Hela cells in agar culture. 3. Dose—response curves have been analysed by the probit method and found to be reproducible.
Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects: Lesson 2—Earthquakes

Study Guide Overview This lesson describes how earthquakes occur and identifies their geographical distribution. It gives the naturally occurring preconditions that create an earthquake disaster. Earthquake effects, forecasting, measuring, and historical examples of disasters also are described. You will learn the appropriate steps in earthquake disaster preparation and mitigation, and you will consider postdisaster activities. The lesson also demonstrates how the study of previous disasters builds our knowledge for developing effective disaster programs.
A geometrical view for multiple gross errors detection, identification, and correction in power system state estimation

Summary form only given. In this paper it is described a geometrical approach to detect, identify, and recover multiple gross errors in power system state estimation. Using the classical WLS estimator the measurement residuals is computed, and then the error is composed. For the detection and identification of the measurements with gross errors the composed measurement error in the normalized for (CMEN) is used. The measurement magnitude corrections otherwise are performed using the composed normalized measurement error (CNE). To give support to the detection and identification of the measurements containing gross errors, a version of the largest normalized composed error test is provided. The IEEE-14 bus system as well as the reduced 45-bus Power System of the Brazil South is used to test the multiple gross error detection, identification and correction efficiency.
Effect of Combined Sensorimotor-Resistance Training on Strength, Balance, and Jumping Performance of Soccer Players

Abstract Manolopoulos, K, Gissis, I, Galazoulas, C, Manolopoulos, E, Patikas, D, Gollhofer, A, and Kotzamanidis, C. Effect of combined sensorimotor-resistance training on strength, balance, and jumping performance of soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 30(1): 53–59, 2016—The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) and sensorimotor training combined with RT (SM-RT) on balance, 1 repetition maximum (RM), rate of force development (RFD), and squat jump (SJ) height. Twenty amateur soccer players were equally divided into 2 groups assigned as SM-RT group (age: 22 ± 1.7 years, body mass: 79.9 ± 6.3 kg, body height: 1.81 ± 0.06 m) and RT group (age: 21.3 ± 1.3 years, body mass: 77.4 ± 9.3 kg, body height: 1.78 ± 0.04 m). Both groups were trained over a 6-week period with 2 session units per week. SM-RT group performed sensorimotor training (balance on balance board) followed by a high-intensity RT at 8–5RM leg press. The RT group performed the resistance program only. Both groups showed significantly increased 1RM leg press strength, RFD, SJ height, and balance abilities (p ⩽ 0.05), whereas no significant between-group differences were observed in any of the outcome variables (p > 0.05). It was concluded that SM-RT was not superior compared with RT for both balance and strength enhancement. These findings have implications in time management during training for soccer players.
Dexmedetomidine Versus Propofol Sedation Improves Sublingual Microcirculation After Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol on sublingual microcirculation in patients after cardiac surgery. DESIGN A prospective, randomized, single-blind study. SETTING University hospital. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients undergoing elective valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. INTERVENTIONS On arrival in the intensive care unit (ICU), patients were assigned randomly to receive either dexmedetomidine (0.2-1.5 μg/kg/h) or propofol (5-50 μg/kg/min) with open-label titration to a target Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale of 0 to -3. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Sublingual microcirculation was recorded using sidestream dark-field imaging at ICU admission (baseline [T1]) and 4 hours (T2) and 24 hours after ICU admission (T3). At T2, median changes in perfused small-vessel density and the De Backer score from baseline were significantly greater in the dexmedetomidine group (n = 29) than in the propofol group (n = 32) (1.3 v 0 mm/mm2, p = 0.025; 0.9 v -0.1/mm, p = 0.005, respectively); median changes in small-vessel density and the proportion of perfused small vessels from baseline also tended to be higher in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the propofol group (1.0 v -0.1 mm/mm2, p = 0.050; 2.1% v 0.5%, p = 0.062, respectively). At T3, there still was a trend toward greater improvements in the small-vessel density, proportion of perfused small-vessels, perfused small-vessel density, and De Backer score from baseline in the dexmedetomidine group than in the propofol group. CONCLUSIONS This trial demonstrated that dexmedetomidine sedation may be better able to improve microcirculation in cardiac surgery patients during the early postoperative period compared with propofol.
Genome Sequence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Strain Xca5

ABSTRACT An annotated high-quality draft genome sequence for Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris race 1 strain Xca5 (originally described as X. campestris pv. armoraciae), the causal agent of black rot on Brassicaceae plants, has been determined. This genome sequence is a valuable resource for comparative genomics within the campestris pathovar.
Correlation between Point Mutations in NS2 and the Viability and Cytopathogenicity of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Strain Oregon Analyzed with an Infectious cDNA Clone

ABSTRACT Cytopathogenicity of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is correlated with expression of the nonstructural protein NS3, which can be generated by processing of a fusion protein termed NS2-3. For the cytopathogenic (cp) BVDV strain Oregon, NS2-3 processing is based on a set of point mutations within NS2. To analyze the correlation between NS2-3 cleavage and cytopathogenicity, a full-length cDNA clone composed of cDNA from BVDV Oregon and the utmost 5′- and 3′-terminal sequences of a published infectious BVDV clone was established. After transfection of RNA transcribed from this cDNA clone, infectious virus with similar growth characteristics to wild-type BVDV Oregon could be recovered that also exhibited a cytopathic effect. Based on this cDNA construct and published cp and noncp infectious clones, chimeric full-length cDNA clones were constructed. Analysis of the recovered viruses demonstrated that the presence of the NS2 gene of BVDV Oregon in a chimeric construct is sufficient for NS2-3 processing and a cp phenotype. Since previous studies had revealed that the amino acid serine at position 1555 of BVDV Oregon plays an important role in efficient NS2-3 cleavage, mutants of BVDV Oregon with different amino acids at this position were constructed. Some of these mutants showed NS2-3 cleavage efficiencies in the range of the wild-type sequence and allowed the recovery of viruses that behaved similarly to wild-type virus with regard to growth characteristics and cytopathogenicity. In contrast, other mutants with considerably reduced NS2-3 cleavage efficiencies propagated much more slowly and reverted to viruses expressing polyproteins with sequences allowing efficient NS2-3 cleavage. These viruses apparently induced cytopathic effects only after reversion.
Quadriceps Fatigue After Cycle Exercise in Patients with COPD Compared with Healthy Control Subjects.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Quadriceps fatigue can occur in patients with COPD after exhaustive cycle exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the degree of fatigue elicited by cycle exercise was greater in patients with COPD compared with matched control subjects. SUBJECTS Nine male patients with COPD with a mean (+/- SE) age of 66 +/- 3 years and mean FEV(1) values of 1.31 +/- 0.15 L and 36 +/- 5% predicted were compared to nine healthy male subjects with a mean age of 66 +/- 2 years. METHODS Patients with COPD exercised at 60% of peak work capacity until exhaustion. Healthy elderly subjects exercised at a workload that was chosen to produce a similar absolute oxygen uptake (O(2)) during constant-load exercise as that obtained by the patients with COPD. Quadriceps fatigue was detected by measuring twitch force (unpotentiated twitch force [TwQu] and potentiated twitch force [TwQp]) before and after cycle exercise. RESULTS Patients with COPD exercised for a mean duration of 8.4 +/- 1.8 min. O(2) during exercise was 50 +/- 6% of predicted. The healthy elderly control subjects exercised for 10 min, generating a O(2) of 48 +/- 1% predicted. TwQu fell significantly postexercise in the patients with COPD but not in the matched control subjects. TwQp fell significantly postexercise in both groups, but the fall in TwQp postexercise was significantly greater in the patients with COPD. CONCLUSION For the same absolute O(2) and duration of cycle exercise, the amount of fatigue elicited was significantly greater in the patients with COPD compared to age-matched healthy control subjects.
Isolation and serum-free culture of epithelial cells derived from epithelial rests of Malassez in human periodontal ligament

SummaryTo study biological character and function of epithelial rests of Malassez (ERM) in human periodontal ligament, we have developed a serum-free culture system of epithelial cells (ME) derived from ERM. The mitogenic effects of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1, FGF-2, and FGF-7/keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) on ME, human periodontal ligament-derived fibroblasts (PLF), human oral epithelial cells (OE), and human submandibular gland-derived epithelial cells (SGE) were investigated under a serum-free culture condition. FGF-1 and FGF-7/KGF stimulated the growth of both ME and SGE but FGF-2 had no effect. On the other hand, FGF-1, FGF-2, and FGF-7/KGF increased the OE proliferation. These results suggested that the divergent requirement of FGF ligands among these cells would be attributed to the different expression pattern of FGF receptor (FGFR) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) isotypes. Therefore, we examined the expression of FGFR isotypes in these cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of ME- and SGE-derived mRNAs revealed the presence of mRNA encoding FGFR2-IIIb, a high affinity receptor for FGF-1 and FGF-7/KGF. However, no mRNAs for other FGFR isotypes were detected in both ME and SGE. On the contrary, OE expressed FGFR1-IIIc, FGFR3-IIIb, and FGFR4 mRNAs as well as FGFR2-IIIb. These results indicate that FGF binding sites on ME dominantly bind to FGF-1 and FGF-7/KGF, which transduce their signals via FGFR2-IIIb. Immunohistochemical analysis, PCR-Southern, ribonuclease protection assay (RPA), and Western blotting revealed that PLF expressed FGF-7/KGF mRNA and its peptide. These observations suggest that FGF-7/KGF might mediate epithelial-mesenchymal interactions between ME and PLF to maintain normal structure and function of periodontal ligament.
The path of mRNA through the Escherichia coli ribosome; site‐directed cross‐linking of mRNA analogues carrying a photo‐reactive label at various points 3′ to the decoding site.

mRNA analogues approximately 40 bases long were prepared by T7 transcription from synthetic DNA templates. Each message contained the sequence ACC‐GCG (coding for threonine and alanine, respectively), together with a single thio‐U residue located at a variable position on the 3′‐side of these coding triplets. The thio‐U residue was either substituted with 4‐azidophenacyl bromide to introduce a photo‐reactive group, or was left unsubstituted for direct UV cross‐linking. After binding to Escherichia coli 70S ribosomes in the presence of tRNA‐Thr or tRNA‐Ala, the thio‐U residue or azidophenyl group was photo‐activated and the products of cross‐linking (which was exclusively to the 30S subunit) were analysed. Immunological analysis of the cross‐linked proteins showed that S5 and S3, together with S1, were the targets of cross‐linking at positions close to the decoding site, with the cross‐linking to S3 and S1 persisting at positions further away. Analysis of the 16S RNA showed cross‐links to the region of bases 1390–1400 in all cases, but in one instance (with the reactive nucleotide 11 bases from the decoding site) simultaneous cross‐linking was observed to the latter region and to position 532; these two RNA regions are far apart in current three‐dimensional models of the 30S subunit.
Financial Development and Economic Growth: Evidence from North African Countries

This paper examines the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth in a panel of three countries of North Africa (Tunisia, Morocco, and Egypt) over the 1980-2012 period. By using system Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) estimator for linear dynamic panel data models, we find a strong positive link between financial development and economic growth when alternative measures of financial development were used. We also found that economic freedom is beneficial to growth, while democracy may have a small negative effect. These findings suggest the need to promote the financial reforms that have been launched since the mid 1980s and to improve the efficiency of these countries’ financial systems to stimulate saving/ investment and, consequently, long-term economic growth
Rotational delivery of the fetus: Kielland's forceps and two other methods compared

Summary. A retrospective comparison was undertaken of 552 cases in which Kielland's forceps were used for rotation and delivery, 95 cases in which other forceps were used for rotation and delivery, and 160 cases in which manual rotation and forceps were used. There was no significant difference in maternal or fetal morbidity between the three groups, regardless of whether the indication for delivery was delay in the second stage of labour or fetal distress. When Kielland's forceps were used by junior staff, significantly more vaginal and cervical lacerations and primary postpartum haemorrhage occurred, but there was no increase in fetal morbidity.
Bi-Objective Multipopulation Genetic Algorithm for Multimodal Function Optimization

This paper describes the latest version of a bi-objective multipopulation genetic algorithm (BMPGA) aiming to locate all global and local optima on a real-valued differentiable multimodal landscape. The performance of BMPGA is compared against four multimodal GAs on five multimodal functions. BMPGA is distinguished by its use of two separate but complementary fitness objectives designed to enhance the diversity of the overall population and exploration of the search space. This is coupled with a multipopulation and clustering scheme, which focuses selection within the various sub-populations and results in effective identification and retention of the optima of the target functions as well as improved exploitation within promising areas. The results of the empirical comparison provide clear evidence that supports the conclusion that BMPGA is better than the other GAs in terms of overall effectiveness, applicability, and reliability. The practical value of BMPGA has already been demonstrated in applications to multiple ellipses and elliptic objects detection in microscopic imagery.
A New Context-aware Application Validation Method Based on Quality-driven Petri Net Models

There is a problem that the crash in devices or service components may occur during executing context-aware applications when developing multiple context-aware applications in context-aware middleware. It will lead to the abnormal execution of context-aware applications. In this paper, a method based on quality-driven Petri nets (QPN) derived from Petri nets is proposed to solve it. In this method, a context-aware application is qualified, simulated, and validated based on QPN. Through QPN, we can simulate the execution process of context-aware applications. In QPN, Petri Nets' behavioral properties involved reachability. Reachability will detect and reflect the crash in devices or component services before executing context-aware applications.
Effect of phosphor geometry on luminous flux of phosphor-converted LED

This paper systematically analyzes first the effect of phosphor geometry on luminous flux of phosphor-converted LED. Five phosphor geometries are investigated based on Mie-theory calculations. Results show that phosphor geometry has impact on luminous flux, and pcLED with a phosphor layer of spherically top surface achieve an improvement of 12%.
Porcine dendritic cells generated in vitro: morphological, phenotypic and functional properties

Despite the central role that dendritic cells (DC) play in immune regulation and antigen presentation, little is known about porcine DC. In this study, two sources of DC were employed. Bone marrow haematopoietic cell‐derived DC (BM‐DC) were generated using granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) in the presence or absence of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Monocyte‐derived DC (Mο‐DC) were generated with GM‐CSF and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4). In both systems, non‐adherent cells developed with dendritic morphology, expressing high levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. The presence of TNF‐α increased the BM‐DC yield, and enhanced T‐cell stimulatory capacity. Both BM‐DC and Mο‐DC expressed the pan‐myeloid marker SWC3, as well as CD1 and CD80/86, but were also CD14+ and CD16+. The CD16 molecule was functional, acting as a low‐affinity Fc receptor. In contrast, the CD14 on DC appeared to differ functionally from monocyte CD14: attempts to block CD14, in terms of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced procoagulant activity (PCA), failed. The use of TNF‐α or LPS for DC maturation induced up‐regulation of MHC class II and/or CD80/86, but also CD14. Allogeneic mixed leucocyte reactions and staphylococcal enterotoxin B antigen presentation assays demonstrated that these DC possessed potent T‐cell stimulatory capacity. No T helper cell polarization was noted. Both the BM‐DC and the Mο‐DC induced a strong interferon‐γ and IL‐4 response. Taken together, porcine DC generated in vitro possess certain characteristics relating them to DC from other species including humans, but the continued presence of CD14 and CD16 on mature and immature porcine DC was a notable difference.
High efficiency silicon solar cells with ink jetted seed and plated grid on high sheet resistance emitter

Fine and tall grid lines on high sheet resistance emitter can increase the efficiency of silicon solar cells by reducing the shadow loss and improving the blue response. However, current screen printing pastes are neither able to provide the adequate line geometry nor make good ohmic contact to high sheet resistance emitter. This paper uses a combination of inkjet printing and light induced plating of silver to solve both problems. The ink jetting of grid lines is used to write ∼38 µm wide and ∼4 µm tall seed lines. These grid lines grow to 65 µm wide and 20–25 µm tall after light induced plating of silver. The silver plating solution penetrates the entire contact region underneath the grid lines to reduce the PbO in the glass layer to Pb metal in addition to plating the silver crystallites underneath. This lowers the contact resistance. Prolonged plating builds the line height to reduce the line resistance. A combination of low contact and line resistances produced fill factor of 79.2% on 95-Ω/sq emitter. This resulted in 239-cm2 Cz silicon solar cell efficiencies up to 18.7% with an average of 18.4%.