Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
D. Offshore Hake Stock Assessment for 2010

sufficient information is not available to determine offshore hake stock status with confidence, because fishery data are insufficient and one cannot assume that survey data reflect stock trends. The Panel concluded that it is not possible at this time to provide a reliable definition for overfished and overfishing for this stock. SEINE and AIM modeling is included in this report to show what the Working Group provided to the SARC-51 for peer review. ] Terms of Reference 1. Use models to estimate the commercial catch. Describe the uncertainty in these sources of data. 2. Characterize the survey data that are being used in the assessment (e.g., regional indices of abundance, recruitment, age-length data, etc.). Describe the uncertainty in these sources of data. 3. Estimate measures of annual fishing mortality, recruitment and stock biomass for the time series, and characterize the uncertainty of those estimates. 4. State the current definitions for overfished and overfishing. Then update or redefine biological reference points (BRPs; estimates or proxies for B MSY , B THRESHOLD , and F MSY ; and estimates of their uncertainty). Comment on the scientific adequacy of existing and redefined BRPs. 5. Evaluate stock status with respect to the existing BRPs, as well as with respect to updated or redefined BRPs (from Offshore hake TOR 4). 6. If a model can be developed, conduct single and multi-year stock projections and for computing candidate ABCs (Acceptable Biological Catch; see Appendix to the TORs). 1. Provide numerical short-term projections (3 years). Each projection should estimate and report annual probabilities of exceeding threshold BRPs for F, and probabilities of falling below threshold BRPs for biomass. In carrying out projections, consider a range of assumptions about the most important uncertainties in the assessment. 2. Comment on which projections seem most realistic, taking into consideration uncertainties in the assessment. 3. Describe this stock's vulnerability to becoming overfished, and how this could affect the choice of ABC. 7. Propose new research recommendations. Executive Summary Offshore hake (Merluccius albidus) is a data-poor stock and very little is known about its biology and life history. They are commonly distributed from southern Georges Bank through the Mid-Atlantic Bight, at depths of 160-550 meters and temperatures ranging between 11-13 o C. 51 st SAW Assessment Report Offshore Hake 726 They are known to co-occur with silver hake (Merluccius bilineris) in the outer continental slopes of the Atlantic Ocean and are easily confused …
Multimedia retrieval in social networks for photo book creation

Social networks such as Facebook witness an explosively growing number of shared photos. People enjoy taking photos of each other in public and private events, upload them, tag each other and continue commenting on each other's photos. These photos are considered to be great assets for many users who would like to create photo books from them, so that they can show their experience and special events to friends and family. However, finding the required photos is not an easy task, because they can be distributed over different friends and albums with different tags and annotations, and they can be of different importance to the user. In this paper we propose a software prototype which employs multimedia retrieval methods to allow an easy creation of photo books from social networks. In our system photos are first clustered to events which can potentially be distributed over the social network, and then selected based on their importance and finally distributed and laid out over the pages of a photo book. The functionalities of our system are implemented and deployed as web services and our presentation layer is a wizard-like Facebook application.
An Approach to Word Sense Disambiguation in English-Vietnamese-English Statistical Machine Translation

The most difficult problem of machine translation (MT) in general and statistical machine translation (SMT) in particular is to select the correct meaning of the polysemous words. Their correct meaning mainly depends on the context and the topic of the text. Therefore, to improve the quality of SMT by resolving semantic ambiguity of words, we integrate more knowledge about the topic of the text, part-of-speech (POS) and morphology. We applied this model to English-Vietnamese- English SMT system and BLEU scores increased over 6% compared with the baseline general SMT system, which was not integrated information about the topic or other language knowledge.
JSON Web Token (JWT)

JSON Web Token (JWT) is a compact, URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties. The claims in a JWT are encoded as a JSON object that is used as the payload of a JSON Web Signature (JWS) structure or as the plaintext of a JSON Web Encryption (JWE) structure, enabling the claims to be digitally signed or integrity protected with a Message Authentication Code (MAC) and/or encrypted.
Corporate Business and Capitalist Classes

Large multinational corporations shape our lives to an enormous extent. How is the growth, power, and significance of big business to be explained and understood? Focusing on the issues of ownership, control, and class formation, Corporate Business and Capitalist Classes explores the implications of changes in the nature of big business, which affect both the businesses themselves, and the economic and political milieu in which these multinationals operate. Up-to-date empirical evidence is reviewed in a wide-ranging comparative framework that covers Britain and the United States, Germany, France, Japan, and many other societies, including emerging forms of capitalism in China and Russia. Unlike other specialist texts in the area, Corporate Business and Capitalist Classes relates its concerns to issues of social stratification and class structure. The first and second editions of the book (under the title Corportations, Classes and Capitalism) were enthusiastically received, and the present edition reviews new theoretical ideas and empirical evidence that has emerged in the ten years since the second edition appeared. The text has been completely re-written and re-structured, and it relates its concerns to contemporary debates over `disorganized capitalism' and post-industrialism.
Analysis and design of a tilted rotor hexacopter for fault tolerance

A proof is presented of how a hexagon-shaped hexacopter can be designed to keep the ability to reject disturbance torques in all directions while counteracting the effect of a failure in any of its motors. The method proposed is simpler than previous solutions, because it does not require change of the motor rotation direction or in-flight mechanical reconfiguration of the vehicle. It consists of tilting the rotor a small fixed angle with respect to the vertical axis. Design guidelines are presented to calculate the tilt angle to achieve fault-tolerant attitude control without losing significant vertical thrust. It is also formally proved that the minimum number of unidirectional rotating motors needed to have fault tolerance is 6 and that this can be achieved by tilting their rotors. This proof is essentially a control allocation analysis that recovers in a simple way a result already known: the standard configuration (without tilting the motors) is not fault tolerant. A simulation example illustrates the theory.
Metals affect the structure and activity of human plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1. I. Modulation of stability and protease inhibition

Human plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI‐1) is a serine protease inhibitor with a metastable active conformation. Under physiological conditions, half of the inhibitor transitions to a latent state within 1–2 h. The interaction between PAI‐1 and the plasma protein vitronectin prolongs this active lifespan by ∼50%. Previously, our group demonstrated that PAI‐1 binds to resins using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (Day, U.S. Pat. 7,015,021 B2, March 21, 2006). In this study, the effect of these metals on function and stability was investigated by measuring the rate of the transition from the active to latent conformation. All metals tested showed effects on stability, with the majority falling into one of two types depending on their effects. The first type of metal, which includes magnesium, calcium and manganese, invoked a slight stabilization of the active conformation of PAI‐1. A second category of metals, including cobalt, nickel and copper, showed the opposite effects and a unique vitronectin‐dependent modulation of PAI‐1 stability. This second group of metals significantly destabilized PAI‐1, although the addition of vitronectin in conjunction with these metals resulted in a marked stabilization and slower conversion to the latent conformation. In the presence of copper and vitronectin, the half‐life of active PAI‐1 was extended to 3 h, compared to a half‐life of only ∼30 min with copper alone. Nickel had the largest effect, reducing the half‐life to ∼5 min. Together, these data demonstrate a heretofore‐unknown role for metals in modulating PAI‐1 stability.
Average twin prime conjecture for elliptic curves

Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over ${\Bbb Q}$. In 1988, N. Koblitz conjectured a precise asymptotic for the number of primes $p$ up to $x$ such that the order of the group of points of $E$ over ${\Bbb F}_p$ is prime. This is an analogue of the Hardy--Littlewood twin prime conjecture in the case of elliptic curves Koblitz's conjecture is still widely open. In this paper we prove that Koblitz's conjecture is true on average over a two-parameter family of elliptic curves. One of the key ingredients in the proof is a short average distribution result of primes in the style of Barban-Davenport-Halberstam, where the average is taken over prime differences and over arithmetic progressions.
Miller-Dieker syndrome: analysis of a human contiguous gene syndrome in the mouse.

The understanding of gene function and its relevance to human disease is one of the most important objectives in the postgenome era. The most direct avenue to uncovering this relationship is the positional cloning of human disease genes, particularly for disorders with Mendelian inheritance. Even when multiple mutational mechanisms result in the same disorder, affected individuals from different families can be ascertained, to find those individuals with specific mutations on a single gene. This provides solid evidence that mutation of a gene is causative of the disease and gives important information regarding gene function.
Assessment of health status and health‐related quality of life in survivors of Hodgkin's disease in childhood

Although the great majority of children with Hodgkin's disease survive with modern treatment strategies, the list of late sequelae is long, yet there is no published information on the comprehensive health status and health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in this population. In the experience of a single institution, survivors of Hodgkin's disease in childhood were invited to self‐report on their health status using a 15‐item questionnaire connected to the Health Utilities Index, a series of multi‐attribute health status classification systems that, in turn, are linked to preference functions which provide single‐attribute and global utility scores for HRQL. The mean global utility score was 0.85 (on a 0 = dead to 1.0 = perfect health scale), a figure less than that in survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) but comparable to that in survivors of brain tumors (0.84) or extremely low birthweight (ELBW 0.82). The burden of morbidity is emphasized by the ratio of the numbers of health states per patient:0.67 for survivors of Hodgkin's disease, 0.66 for survivors of brain tumors, 0.39 for survivors of ELBW, 0.47 for survivors of high‐risk ALL and 0.28 for survivors of standard‐risk ALL. In Hodgkin's disease survivors, the attributes affected most commonly and severely were pain, cognition and emotion. This experience demands exploration of the health status and HRQL in a much larger cohort of such survivors, perhaps in the context of co‐operative group studies. Int. J. Cancer Suppl. 12:32–38, 1999. ©1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PDGF signal transduction inhibition ameliorates experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.

BACKGROUND Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been consistently implicated in the cell proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation, which characterize progressive glomerular disease. In the present study, the effects of a potent and selective inhibitor of PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase, STI 571, were examined in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Cultured mesangial cells were incubated with PDGF (50 ng/mL) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2; 50 ng/mL) and treated with STI 571 (0.13 to 2.0 micromol/L). Experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis was induced in male Wistar rats with monoclonal OX-7, anti-rat Thy-1.1 antibody with rats randomized to receive either STI 571 (50 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily) or vehicle. Animals were examined six days later. RESULTS In vitro, both PDGF and FGF-2 induced a threefold increase in mesangial cell 3H-thymidine incorporation. STI 571 reduced PDGF but not FGF-2-stimulated mesangial cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, with complete abolition at 0.4 micromol/L. In animals with Thy-1.1 glomerulonephritis, PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase blockade was associated with significant reductions in mesangial cell proliferation (P < 0.001), the number of activated (alpha-smooth muscle positive) mesangial cells, and glomerular type IV collagen deposition (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The amelioration of the pathological findings of experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis by blockade of PDGF receptor activity suggests the potential clinical utility of this approach as a therapeutic strategy in glomerular disease.
Ultra-wideband pulse generator with picosecond fall time and tunable amplitude

Generating ultra-wideband pulse is a key technique for subsurface ground penetrating radar. By sharpening the transition time of pulse, the high frequency component can be improved, which contributes to the increase of bandwidth. In this paper, a compact pulse generator based on avalanche transistor and step recovery diode (SRD) is studied. Load resistor in the Gaussian pulse circuit is optimized to increase the pulse amplitude. In addition, the performance of output pulse is studied for different stage of shaping circuit. Experiment results show that transition time of the pulse is reduced by increasing stage of shaping circuit properly. As a result, we demonstrate a pulse with transition time of 200ps, full width at half maximum of 500ps, and amplitude of 43V.
Optimized puncturing distributions for irregular non-binary LDPC codes

In this paper we design non-uniform bit-wise puncturing distributions for irregular non-binary LDPC (NB-LDPC) codes. The puncturing distributions are optimized by minimizing the decoding threshold of the punctured LDPC code, the threshold being computed with a Monte-Carlo implementation of Density Evolution. First, we show that Density Evolution computed with Monte-Carlo simulations provides accurate (very close) and precise (small variance) estimates of NB-LDPC code ensemble thresholds. Based on the proposed method, we analyze several puncturing distributions for regular and semi-regular codes, obtained either by clustering punctured bits, or spreading them over the symbol-nodes of the Tanner graph. Finally, optimized puncturing distributions for non-binary LDPC codes with small maximum degree are presented, which exhibit a gap between 0.2 and 0.5 dB to the channel capacity, for punctured rates varying from 0.5 to 0.9.
Population Ecology and Phenology of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Two Florida Citrus Groves

Abstract Studies were conducted to assess population densities and phenology of the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama at two citrus groves in east-central Florida. One grove contained young, irrigated grapefruit trees and the other contained mature, nonirrigated orange trees. The two groves were sampled weekly for eggs, nymphs, and adults on flush shoots; for adults on mature leaves; and for adults captured on yellow sticky card traps. Because infestations of immature D. citri develop strictly on young flush, the abundance of flush was assessed weekly. Overall means of 26.5, 16.8, and 0.27 eggs, nymphs, and adults per flush shoot, respectively, were observed in the young grapefruit trees. In the grove of mature orange trees, overall means of 16.0, 12.7, and 0.31 eggs, nymphs, and adults per flush shoot were observed, respectively. Flush abundance was an inconsistent indicator of the mean density of D. citri per flush shoot. Mean density per shoot by itself was an inconsistent indicator of overall population levels of D. citri at each study site because few shoots were sometimes present when mean densities per shoot were high. May, June, and July were periods of time when immature D. citri were consistently present and most abundant at each study site, but the study indicated large infestations could occur at any time of the year depending on environmental factors and flush availability. Yellow sticky traps were effective for both male and female D. citri and useful for gauging adult population trends.
Combining frame and segment based models for environmental sound classification

The paper considers the task of recognizing environmental sounds, which plays a critical role in human’s perception of an auditory context in audiovisual materials. A variety of features have been proposed for audio recognition, either frame-based or segmental. Here, we propose a two-stage framework to combine modeling in these two levels. First, the Gaussian Mixture Models(GMMs) are built based on short-term features and preclassification are performed. Then, in the event that the GMMs are not certain about the result, the system engages Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to refine the output hypothesis. In the next stage, the features are combined by taking posterior estimates of GMMs along with segmental features as SVMs’ input features. Experiments on the sound dataset show that the proposed framework makes an improvement over the traditional methods.
Risk and Resiliency

Abstract This study sought to examine issues of risk and resilience among African-American youth living in low-income, violent neighborhoods. Howard (1996) developed a theoretical model to illustrate the interactions among various risk and protective factors that influence the well-being of African-American adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine a model based on this work, with a sample consisting of 142 urban African-American 5th-8th grade students, using path analysis. The model was found to be an excellent fit with the data. Findings from this theoretically-based study are discussed within the context of resilience research and implications for intervention.
Diversity study of multi-objective genetic algorithm based on Shannon entropy

Multi-objective optimization inspired on genetic algorithms are population based search methods. The population elements, chromosomes, evolve using inheritance, mutation, selection and crossover mechanisms. The aim of these algorithms is to obtain a representative non-dominated Pareto front from a given problem. Several approaches to study the convergence and performance of algorithm variants have been proposed, particularly by accessing the final population. In this work, a novel approach by analyzing multi-objective algorithm dynamics during the algorithm execution is considered. The results indicate that Shannon entropy can be used as an algorithm indicator of diversity and convergence.
Tumour proliferation, angiogenesis, and ploidy status in human colon cancer

Aims: Tumour angiogenesis is essential for carcinogenesis and facilitates the process of tumour development and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a well characterised angiogenetic factor and is known to play a crucial role in new vessel development. To gain further insight into the effects of microvessel density and VEGF expression in colon cancer, their relation with tumour proliferation, ploidy status, and p53 expression was investigated in colon cancer. Methods: Tissue samples of 50 archived colon cancers were analysed by immunohistochemistry for VEGF, p53, and the endothelial cell marker, von Willebrand factor (VWF), using specific antibodies. The same samples were re-cut for flow cytometric studies to obtain S phase fraction (SPF) and ploidy status. Results: A positive significant correlation was found between SPF and angiogenesis. The median microvessel count in high SPF tumours was significantly higher than in low SPF ones. No association was found between VEGF expression and SPF. A positive correlation was found between ploidy status and p53 expression and microvessel count. Furthermore, a positive correlation was established between DNA ploidy, VEGF expression, and microvessel count. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that in colon cancer, tumour growth may be stimulated by vascular supply, and the lack of a correlation between tumour cell proliferation and VEGF expression indicates that these two parameters may be regulated by separate mechanisms. Furthermore, the positive correlation between microvessel density, VEGF expression, and ploidy status provides more evidence that genetic alterations are involved in tumour angiogenesis.
Systematic Review of the Preparation Techniques of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles

Magnetism being one of the oldest scientific disciplines has been continuously studied since 6 th century BC, which still offers scientific innovations today in realm of nanomagnetism. Iron oxide nanomaterials have been growing excessive importance because of their magnetic characteristics and wide applications. Iron oxides magnetic nanoparticles with appropriate surface chemistry are prepared either by wet chemical method such as colloid chemical or sol-gel methods or by dry processes such as vapour deposition techniques. This review summarizes comparative and brief study of the methods for the preparation of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles with a control over the size, morphology and the magnetic properties. Applications of microwave irradiation for magnetic particle synthesis are also addressed.
Trehalose inhibited the phagocytosis of refrigerated platelets in vitro via preventing apoptosis

BACKGROUND: The sole reason that platelets (PLTs) are currently stored at room temperature is that refrigeration of PLTs results in their rapid clearance after transfusion. Recent data have suggested that trehalose was an effective cryoprotective reagent for human PLTs. This study evaluated the effect of trehalose on the phagocytosis of refrigerated PLTs.
Temporal-difference Q-learning in active fault diagnosis

The paper deals with a novel design of an approximate active fault detector for discrete-time stochastic linear Markovian switching systems on the infinite-time horizon. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem with the aim to minimize a general discounted detection cost criterion. The proposed solution is inspired by approximate dynamic programming and reinforcement learning. The active fault detector is trained by a temporal-difference Q-learning algorithm with a linear parametric Q-function approximation adjusted to fit the true Q-function. The main advantage is that this approach is computationally less expensive than a temporal-difference learning with a value function.
Unsupervised Segmentation of Chinese Text by Use of Branching Entropy

We propose an unsupervised segmentation method based on an assumption about language data: that the increasing point of entropy of successive characters is the location of a word boundary. A large-scale experiment was conducted by using 200 MB of unsegmented training data and 1 MB of test data, and precision of 90% was attained with recall being around 80%. Moreover, we found that the precision was stable at around 90% independently of the learning data size.