Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Bioscience Research Reporting: The ARRIVE Guidelines for Reporting Animal Research †

In the last decade the number of bioscience journals has increased enormously, with many filling specialised niches reflecting new disciplines and technologies. The emergence of open-access journals has revolutionised the publication process, maximising the availability of research data. Nevertheless, a wealth of evidence shows that across many areas, the reporting of biomedical research is often inadequate, leading to the view that even if the science is sound, in many cases the publications themselves are not “fit for purpose”, meaning that incomplete reporting of relevant information effectively renders many publications of limited value as instruments to inform policy or clinical and scientific practice [1–21]. A recent review of clinical research showed that there is considerable cumulative waste of financial resources at all stages of the research process, including as a result of publications that are unusable due to poor reporting [22]. It is unlikely that this issue is confined to clinical research [2–14,16–20].
Avian uncoupling protein expressed in yeast mitochondria prevents endogenous free radical damage

The longevity of birds is surprising since they exhibit high metabolic rates and elevated blood sugar levels compared with mammals of the same body size, which presumably expose them to higher rates of free oxygen radical production, which is implicated in accelerated senescence. Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are transporters of the inner mitochondrial membrane and their physiological activity is still a subject of debate. Avian UCP was found in birds but data on its activity are scarce. Avian UCP (Gallus gallus) was overexpressed in yeast and we assessed its ability to prevent mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by measuring ROS damage (aconitase activity) and antioxidant defences (MnSOD activity). We show that avian UCP protects yeast mitochondria against the deleterious impact of ROS, but without stimulation of superoxide dismutase activity. Avian UCP protein was specifically immunodetected and retinoic acid, which belongs to the carotenoid family, was found to trigger its activity. These data show that avian UCP basal activity protects against ROS damage. However, when activated by retinoic acid, avian UCP can also operate as the mammalian thermogenic UCP1. The hypothesis that avian UCP activities are state- and species-dependent is further discussed.
Exact Bit Error Rate of MIMO MRC Systems with Cochannel Interference and Rayleigh Fading

In this paper, we present a new method for deriving exact expressions for the average bit error rate (BER) of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems with transmit beamforming and maximal ratio combining (MRC) reception, known as MIMO MRC, in the presence of cochannel interference. It is assumed that both the desired user and interferers are subject to independent flat Rayleigh fading. The conventional method for deriving the average BER expressions of MIMO MRC systems relies on finding the probability density function of the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. The presented method, however, is based on using the decision variable at the output of the maximal ratio combiner conditioned only on the fading channel of the desired user. An exact closed-form expression is derived for the average BER of MIMO MRC systems with two receive antennas and multiple transmit antennas. The analytical result is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.
Transdifferentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells into neural lineage and their application

Adipose-derived stem cells are a kind of mesenchymal stem cells which have a higher frequency in the adipose tissue and can be harvested by minimally invasive procedures. These cells are able to differentiate into other cells outside their lineage such as neuron, neurotrophic factor secreting cells and Schwann cells. Many of the identified neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor can be produced by adipose-derived stem cells. In addition, these cells when differentiated into neurotrophic factor secreting cells are able to secrete a significantly high level of these factors. Neurotrophic factors have a significant role in cellular processes include cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation. This article reviews the in vitro differentiation of adipose- derived stem cells into neural lineage cells and clinical application.
Improve the automatic clock gating insertion in ASIC synthesis process using optimal enable function selection

In modern ASIC industry power consumption is becoming one of the most important constrains during the development phase. In 130nm technology and older, major part of the power consumption is a dynamic power and dynamic power optimization is usually taking the most of the time planed for the power optimization. Effective implementation and efficient utilization of clock gating (CG) logic is a critical element for dynamic power optimization since the clock gating is a dominant technique in dynamic power reduction. This paper is exploring the tradeoffs in clock gating that result in the lowest overall power consumption and optimization time. We are presenting the technique needed to be used in the situation when automatic clock gating is not acceptable.
DNA damage response in prostate cancer cells after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment.

BACKGROUND High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a new modality that can be used for local tumor ablation therapy. In the present study, the expression of human checkpoint kinase2 (Chk2), which may have significant roles in the response to DNA damage after HIFU treatment for prostate cancer, was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS By immunohistochemistry, the Chk2 expression in human prostate cancer tissues was examined before and after HIFU treatment. The phosphorylation of ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated kinase (ATM), histone H2A variant (H2AX), Chk2 and p53, and the number of apoptotic cells in human prostate cancer cell lines after heat treatment was checked. RESULTS The expression level of phosphorylated Chk2 was found to be increased after HIFU treatment. In addition, heat treatment induced the phosphorylation of Chk2 proteins examined and led to apoptosis in the prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that DNA double-strand break formation is a possible pathway of HIFU treatment and leads to heat-induced cell killing.
Metabolic memory in diabetes–focus on insulin

Large‐scale clinical trials have demonstrated that metabolic control achieved early in the course of diabetes substantially reduces development and progression of diabetes and the associated microvascular complications. Additionally, prospective observational studies have demonstrated that atherogenic and inflammatory mediators are elevated even prior to the onset of diabetes and significantly contribute to subsequent development of macrovascular complications. Collectively, these data suggest that metabolic memories are stored early in the course of diabetes. We believe that insulin suppresses inflammation and also suppresses glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity (and the consequences thereof, such as the formation of advanced glycation end products and epigenetic phenomena), and thus has a pivotal and beneficial role. Comprehensive metabolic control, especially when instituted early, may alter the natural history of diabetic complications by affecting this metabolic memory. Thus, our overall goal is to understand in more detail the molecular mechanisms involved in these changes, thereby affording us opportunities to reduce the long‐term effects of diabetes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical coupling underlies theta rhythm in freely moving cats

The role of gap junction coupling in the generation of theta rhythms in freely moving cats was investigated in a present study. Two gap junction blockers, carbenoxolone and quinine, were administered intraperitoneally and intrahippocampally; both gap junction blockers abolished or diminished (respectively) hippocampal formation theta. The inhibitory effect developed approximately 30 min after drug administration. This effect was found to be reversible. Our results provide the first direct in vivo evidence for the contribution of gap junction communication in mechanisms of neural synchrony, underlying the production of theta in in vivo conditions.
Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the enzymic hydrolysis of β-lactoglobulin B by trypsin, thermolysin and pepsin

Summary Hydrolysis of β-lactoglobulin B (β-lg B) by pepsin, a process slow at ambient conditions, is facilitated at a moderately high hydrostatic pressure such as 300 MPa, corresponding to an apparent volume of activation ΔV# = −63 ml mol−1 at pH 2·5, 30 °C and Γ/2=0·16. Digestion of β-lg by trypsin and thermolysin is likewise enhanced by pressure, and the pressure effect has been traced to pressure denaturation of β-lg B, which by high-pressure fluorescence spectroscopy has been shown to have a large negative volume of reaction, ΔV° = −98 ml mol−1, at pH 6·7, 30 °C and Γ/2 = 0·16. Pressure denaturation is only slowly reversed following release of pressure and the enhanced digestibility is maintained at ambient pressure for several hours.
Improved Recurrence-Free Survival with ARCON for Anemic Patients with Laryngeal Cancer

Purpose: Anemia is associated with poor tumor control. It was previously observed that accelerated radiotherapy combined with carbogen breathing and nicotinamide (ARCON) can correct this adverse outcome in patients with head and neck cancer. The purpose of this study was to validate this observation based on data from a randomized trial. Experimental Design: Of 345 patients with cT2-4 laryngeal cancer, 174 were randomly assigned to accelerated radiotherapy and 171 to ARCON. Hemoglobin levels, measured before treatment, were defined as low when <7.5 mmol/L for women and <8.5 mmol/L for men. The hypoxia marker pimonidazole was used to assess the oxygenation status in tumor biopsies. Data were analyzed 2 years after inclusion of the last patient. Results: Pretreatment hemoglobin levels were available and below normal in 27 of 173 (16%) accelerated radiotherapy and 27 of 167 (16%) ARCON patients. In patients with normal pretreatment, hemoglobin levels treatment with ARCON had no significant effect on 5-year loco-regional control (LRC, 79% versus 75%; P = 0.44) and disease-free survival (DFS, 75% vs. 70%; P = 0.46) compared with accelerated radiotherapy. However, in patients with low pretreatment, hemoglobin levels ARCON significantly improved 5-year LRC (79% vs. 53%; P = 0.03) and DFS (68% vs. 45%; P = 0.04). In multivariate analysis including other prognostic factors, pretreatment hemoglobin remained prognostic for LRC and DFS in the accelerated radiotherapy treatment arm. No correlation between pretreatment hemoglobin levels and pimonidazole uptake was observed. Conclusion: Results from the randomized phase III trial support previous observations that ARCON has the potential to correct the poor outcome of cancer patients with anemia (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00147732). Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1345–54. ©2014 AACR.
Performance analysis of outdoor localization systems based on RSS fingerprinting

In the recent years the Location Based Services (LBS) are grabbing the attention of telecommunication actors since they are sources of new services and new revenues. The main challenge in the LBS domain is the localization of the mobile terminals within a certain accuracy. To this end, several radio positioning techniques have been introduced, one of which is the Location Fingerprinting. Although location fingerprinting has been investigated in some previous works, however there are only few studies that analyze its performance according to physical parameters of the underlying environment. In this paper, we present a performance analysis of the outdoor location fingerprinting systems. We propose a radio propagation model which allows us to introduce some spatial correlations for the shadowing effect and to include the temporal fluctuations of the radio signal. Based on our model, we examine the impact of different physical parameters on the system performance, and thereby we provide a framework which may be useful in the design and implementation of fingerprinting positioning systems.
Dietary energy requirements of young adult women in China by the doubly labeled water method.

OBJECTIVE The current recommendations on dietary energy requirements in China have been based on total energy expenditure (TEE) derived from theoretical factorial calculations expressed as multiples of basal energy expenditure (BEE). Few direct measurements of TEE and BEE have been conducted in Chinese people. This study was designed to measure the TEE and BEE of healthy, light active women of normal body weight living in China, and to evaluate the recommendations on dietary energy requirements by comparing the data correspondingly. DESIGN 16 healthy female adults aged 22.1 ± 1.2 y with a body mass index (in kg/m2) of 20.4 ± 1.7 were selected. Under well-controlled conditions, TEEs were determined by using the doubly labeled water method. At the same time, BEEs were measured by using indirect calorimetry. RESULTS Measured TEE was 1380 ± 118 kcal/d, which was close to the value of energy intake (1382 ± 96 kcal/d). Comparing the measured TEE with the recommended (Chinese recommended value for this group is 2100 kcal/d), the recommended was substantially higher than the measured by 15% or so. Meanwhile, the calculated BEE (1230 ± 65 kcal/d) by using the adjusted Schofield equation proposed by the Chinese Nutrition Society was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the measured BEE (1130 ± 110 kcal/d), by 9% or so. CONCLUSION Current recommended energy intake for young adult women may need to be revised on the basis of measured TEE and BEE.
Changing distribution of the east coast of Scotland bottlenose dolphin population and the challenges of area‐based management

MAC received funding from the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) (now Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy) UK, and the MASTS (Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland) pooling initiative. MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions. Annual surveys were funded by DECC, Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH), Beatrice Offshore Windfarm Ltd., Moray Offshore Renewables Ltd, Marine Scotland, The Crown Estate, Highlands and Islands Enterprise and the Universities of St Andrews and Aberdeen. All fieldwork was carried out under SNH Animal Scientific Licences to PMT and PSH. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. We thank John Baxter for helpful discussions about the implications for conservation and management while drafting this manuscript, and Morven Carruthers for her advice on the site condition monitoring for the Moray Firth SAC. This manuscript benefited from the helpful comments of two anonymous reviewers.
The Critical Role of Histology in an Era of Genomics and Proteomics: A Commentary and Reflection

The role of histologic examination in lymphoma diagnosis has been called into question by proponents of new technologies, such as genomics and proteomics. We review the history and salient features of morphologic evaluation in lymphoid diseases, and discuss the general and specific limitations of mature ancillary techniques, such as immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and molecular studies. We then speculate on the future relationship between morphology and the new genomic and proteomic technologies as they become integrated into clinical practice.
Investigating Energy Consumption of Localized and Non Localized Ad hoc Routing Protocols in TinyOS

This paper characterizes two ad hoc routing protocols LAR and DSDV for sensor area networking on TinyOS. To the best of our knowledge no such comparison of these selected protocols is being made on TinyOS, an event driven component based operating system for embedded sensor networks. Energy utilization in mobile ad hoc networks or sensor networks is a major concern. Minimizing energy in terms of payload, battery power, CPU and memory utilization at a node are important factors that decide the potential of a routing scheme. This paper presents the comparison of the mentioned protocols on the basis of energy being consumed by the whole network. The scenario considered was the one in which the whole information was gathered at one node, i.e., the base station or the sink node of the network. Results indicate that LAR performs better than DSDV.
Using visual segments and spatial layouts for unsupervised object co-segmentation

Given a set of images containing the instances of the same object class, the proposed method not only partitions every image into object and background, but also parses every object into several visual segments. Unlike the semantic parts based on high-level concepts, the visual segments prefer focusing on the low-level visual features which are easier to find and match from one image to other image by simple similarity measurement. Towards this goal, an iterative process is performed in the image set, including the appearance models learning and the energy function minimizing. The initial appearance models are learned from the image set according to the saliency measurement and the objectness measurement, including the segment models and the background model. Specifically, a novel inter-image constraint is exploited in the energy function by using the layout-based similarity measurement. By experiments on a variety of image datasets, the proposed approach efficiently segments and parses the object instances with varying appearance and shape, under challenging environmental conditions.
Physical activity participation by presence and type of functional deficits in older women: The Women's Health and Aging Studies.

BACKGROUND Physical activity is important for maintaining functional independence of older persons, especially for those with existing functional deficits. Since such deficits may pose barriers to activity, it would be instructive to examine activity patterns in relation to specific types of deficits to determine the amount and type of physical activity older women pursue. This study sought to identify categories of functional deficits associated with activity levels and evaluated the potential for older women to increase their physical activity levels. METHODS Community-dwelling women, aged 70-79 years, from the Women's Health and Aging Studies I and II (N = 710), were assessed for self-reported physical activity, functional deficits and chronic conditions, along with objective measures of muscle strength. Both type (household chores, exercise, and recreational activity) and amount of physical activity (min/wk) were examined. Meeting physical activity recommendations was defined as > or =150 minutes per week of moderate intensity physical activity, and inactivity was defined as no weekly moderate intensity physical activity. Hierarchical categories of functional deficits were based on self-reported difficulty in four functional domains (i.e., mobility/exercise tolerance, upper extremity, higher functioning, and self-care), and self-reports ranged from no difficulty to difficulty in all four domains. RESULTS The prevalence of inactivity and meeting activity recommendations were 14.4% and 12.7%, respectively. Severity of functional deficits was associated with increased risk of inactivity (adjusted odds ratios [ORs(adj)] = 3.14-17.61) and reduced likelihood of meeting activity recommendations (ORs(adj) =. 11-. 40). Even among those with higher functioning or self-care difficulties, 30% reported walking for exercise. CONCLUSION There was evidence that older women with functional deficits can remain physically active. However, for some of these women, meeting the recommended levels of activity may be unrealistic. Efforts to increase physical activity levels among older adults should include treatment or management of functional deficits, chronic conditions, and poor strength.
A piezoelectric belt for cardiac pulse and respiration measurements on small mammals

A non Invasive sensor for measuring both the respiration and cardiac rates on small mammals is described. This sensor, designed as a belt, involves four piezoelectric films (PVDF) devoted to measuring the pressure changes at several points of the thoracic cage. This paper focuses on mechanical design as well as theoretical and practical responses of the sensors developed. An experimental result, carried out on an anaesthetised rat is also presented.
Co-occurrence of DSM-IV mental disorders and alcohol use disorder among adult Chinese males

Background Studies from high-income countries report moderate-to-strong positive associations between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other mental disorders, but there is little evidence about the comorbidity of AUD from low-and-middle-income countries. Methods A sample of 74 752 adults from five provinces that account for >12% of China's adult population was screened using the General Health Questionnaire, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV was administered by psychiatrists to a subsample of 9619 males. The associations between AUD and other mental disorders at each site and the characteristics of men with AUD with and without comorbid mental disorders were estimated using logistic regression and summarized across sites using meta-analysis. Generalized estimation equations estimated the associations between the clinical features of alcohol dependence and comorbidity. Results Robust inverse associations were found between current AUD and any mood disorder (adjusted OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4–0.8) and any anxiety disorder (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–1.0). Compared with men without AUD, men with AUD without comorbid disorders were more likely to be middle-aged, to be currently married, and to have higher family incomes. Men with comorbid AUD and other disorders were more likely to have the clinical features of alcohol dependence than men with AUD without comorbid disorders. Conclusions Inverse associations between AUD and other mental disorders and the higher social status of men with AUD than men without AUD found in this large, representative sample of community-dwelling Chinese males highlight the importance of considering the local substance-use culture when designing clinical or preventive interventions for addictive conditions.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Temperate Klebsiella pneumoniae Phage KPP5665-2

ABSTRACT We describe here the genome sequence of the novel temperate Klebsiella pneumoniae phage KPP5665-2 isolated from a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain recovered from milk in Germany in 2016. The phage exhibited a narrow host range and a siphoviridal morphology. KPP5665-2-related prophage sequences were detected in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of various Klebsiella species isolates.