Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proximate, intermediate and ultimate causality: Theories and experiences of growth and development

For a better understanding of development, we are interested in why in the long run some countries or societies forge ahead, while others stagnate or fall behind. We are especially interested in the conditions under which growth and catch- up can be realised in developing countries. In section 1 of this paper, we develop a framework of proximate, intermediate and ultimate sources of growth and development which serves to structure the analysis and measurement of economic development. Sections 2 to 6 offer a review of classical and modern theories of development and stagnation, in the context of the framework of proximate and ultimate causality developed in section 1. Special attention is paid to the interactions between institutions and growth in different theoretical traditions. Section 7 presents empirical time series on long-run economic trends in a sample of 31 developing countries representing 80 percent of the population of the developing world. These series focus on proximate causality and on socio-economic outcomes and highlight some of the key issues discussed in the theoretical overview in sections 2-6.
Differentially fed compact dual-band implantable antenna for biotelemetry

A novel differentially fed dual-band planar antenna operating at the medical implant communication service (MICS) band (402-405 MHz) and the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) bands (2400-2480 MHz) is presented. The measured 10-dB differential reflection coefficient bandwidth is 389-419 MHz (7.4%) at the lower band and 2395-2563 MHz (6.6%) at the upper band, respectively. The volume of the implantable antenna is only 642.62 mm3 (22mm×23mm×1.27mm).
Link-N: The missing link towards intervertebral disc repair is species-specific

Introduction Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a frequent cause for back pain in humans and dogs. Link-N stabilizes proteoglycan aggregates in cartilaginous tissues and exerts growth factor-like effects. The human variant of Link-N facilitates IVD regeneration in several species in vitro by inducing Smad1 signaling, but it is not clear whether this is species specific. Dogs with IVD disease could possibly benefit from Link-N treatment, but Link-N has not been tested on canine IVD cells. If Link-N appears to be effective in canines, this would facilitate translation of Link-N into the clinic using the dog as an in vivo large animal model for human IVD degeneration. Materials and methods This study’s objective was to determine the effect of the human and canine variant of Link-N and short (s) Link-N on canine chondrocyte-like cells (CLCs) and compare this to those on already studied species, i.e. human and bovine CLCs. Extracellular matrix (ECM) production was determined by measuring glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and histological evaluation. Additionally, the micro-aggregates’ DNA content was measured. Phosphorylated (p) Smad1 and -2 levels were determined using ELISA. Results Human (s)Link-N induced GAG deposition in human and bovine CLCs, as expected. In contrast, canine (s)Link-N did not affect ECM production in human CLCs, while it mainly induced collagen type I and II deposition in bovine CLCs. In canine CLCs, both canine and human (s)Link-N induced negligible GAG deposition. Surprisingly, human and canine (s)Link-N did not induce Smad signaling in human and bovine CLCs. Human and canine (s)Link-N only mildly increased pSmad1 and Smad2 levels in canine CLCs. Conclusions Human and canine (s)Link-N exerted species-specific effects on CLCs from early degenerated IVDs. Both variants, however, lacked the potency as canine IVD regeneration agent. While these studies demonstrate the challenges of translational studies in large animal models, (s)Link-N still holds a regenerative potential for humans.
Stratosphere: Dynamic IP Overlay Above the Clouds

Multi-cloud promises to substantially improve faulttolerance, by tolerating disasters affecting a subset of providers. Unfortunately, multi-cloud solutions are premature and none of them are fully fledged. Their main impediment is the lack of network services: to date, it remains impossible for a customer to setup and control a multi-cloud network. Moreover, manually inter-connecting multiple clouds from various providers is challenging: each cloud provider may offer dissimilar services and incompatible APIs. ,,,,In this paper, we present the first reconfigurable intercloud network, called Stratosphere. Stratosphere combines recent achievements in the context of container deployment and software defined networking (SDN) to build an SDN-based IP overlay of software containers across providers. Stratosphere aims at dynamically re-routing traffic based on service guarantees, congestion, or failures. We evaluate Stratosphere by reconfiguring the network between major cloud providers, namely Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud. The comparison against the Docker Swarm baseline indicates that this unique reconfiguration feature presents an overhead of only 1% when not used but can improve bandwidth significantly when used.
PENGARUH KOMITMEN, INTEGRITAS DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI SERTA DAMPAKNYA PADA KINERJA KOMISI INDEPENDEN PEMILIHAN (KIP) ACEH

Abstract: The study aims to determine the effect of employee’s commitment, integrity and competency on the organizational performance of Election Independent Commission (KIP) Aceh mediated by employee’s performance. The study conducted of 244 civil servant of Election Independent Commission (KIP) for province and district in Aceh. Data collected by questionnaire, and then the data is analyzed by using means of statistics structural equation model (SEM). The study found that employee’s commitment, integrity and competency have a positive effect on employee’s performance and the organizational performance of Election Independent Commission (KIP) Aceh. Employee’s performance mediates the effect of employee’s commitment, integrity and competency on the organizational performance of the institution. Keywords : Organizational Performance, Employee Performance, Commitment, Integrity and Competency. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komitmen, integritas dan kompetensi terhadap kinerja Komisi Independen Pemilihan (KIP) Aceh dengan kinerja pegawai sebagai variabel intervening. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 244 orang pegawai KIP Provinsi dan kabupaten kota di Aceh. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan menggunakan peralatan statistik structural equation model (SEM). Penelitian menemukan bahwa komitmen, integritas dan kompetensi berpengaruh positif kinerja pegawai dan kinerja KIP Aceh. Kinerja pegawai dapat memediasi pengaruh komitmen, integritas dan kompetensi pegawai terhadap kinerja instansi tersebut. Kata kunci : Kinerja Organisasi, Kinerja Pegawai, Komitmen, Kompetensi dan Integritas
p27 Kip1 (Cdkn1b)-Deficient Mice Are Susceptible to Chemical Carcinogenesis and May Be a Useful Model for Carcinogen Screening

The two-year rodent bioassay is one of several tests that are widely used by governmental regulatory agencies as well as pharmaceutical and chemical companies to determine the carcinogenic potential of chemicals or environmental agents where human exposure is anticipated. That this assay has remained relatively unchanged for the last 25 years is a testament to the power of this approach to identify carcinogens and thus to minimize human exposure. However, there has long been controversy over the specificity and relevance of the rodent bioassay as well as its high cost in terms of time, expense, and numbers of mice. Much discussion has been generated in recent years over how to improve the 2-year rodent bioassay for more accurate and faster detection of potential human carcinogens. Here, we argue that the use of p27Kip1 (Cdkn1b) knockout mouse for carcinogen screening may solve several shortcomings inherent in the conventional bioassay while preserving its best quality, that is, protecting public health by providing reliable in vivo information on the potential of chemicals to cause cancer.
Differential Expression of PRLIPS, a Pathogenesis-Related Gene Family Encoding Class 3 Lipase-Like Proteins in Arabidopsis

In plants plenty of inducible defense-related proteins classified into 17 pathogenesis-related (PR) families have been described. Expression of homologous PR genes from the same family can be induced by the different defense hormones, like salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) or ethylene (ET), and are also regulated in a organ- or tissue-specific manner. A recently identified pathogenesis-related gene family, the PRLIP (pathogenesis-related lipase) has 9 members in Arabidopsis and their organization and expression pattern–as it is summarized in this study - is similar to the one of genes coding for other PR proteins. PRLIP3, PRLIP8 and PRLIP9 showed a relatively high expression in all tissues tested with a maximum in root (PRLIP3) , stem (PRLIP8) or siliques (PRLIP9) . The activity of PRLIP3 gene was further induced by SA and JA treatment. Other members ( PRLIP1, PRLIP2, PRLIP4 and PRLIP6 ), however, were detected only in some of the tested organs. High levels of PRLIP1 mRNA occurred in all green tissues and in siliques, while in the latter PRLIP2 also displayed high expression. PRLIP6 and PRLIP4 exhibited root specific transcription while no mRNAs of PRLIP5 and PRLIP7 were detected in any plant tissues examined. In leaves SA treatment enhanced PRLIP1 and PRLIP2 expression, JA treatment induced PRLIP6 and ET treatment upregulated both PRLIP1 and PRLIP6 . This organization and expression diversity of the PRLIP gene family is typical to plant PR genes suggesting the encoded proteins might serve essential functions in plant defense or priming.
Perceptions of Nurses' Caring Behaviors by Trauma Patients

A descriptive study of moderately to severely injured patients' perceptions of nurses' caring behaviors was conducted at a level I trauma center. Seventy patients older than 18 years admitted through the trauma resuscitation unit were included. The participants were interviewed in their rooms/cubicles by the research team to complete the Caring Behaviors Inventory. The average rating for the sample was 4.8. Patients receiving care through trauma services expressed an overall positive perception of caring from the nursing staff while there was room for improvement in some areas.
Fetal metabolism and fetal growth.

Although a great deal is known about the metabolism of fetal tissues (Roux & Yoshioka, 1970; Jost & Picon, 1970; Stave, 1970; Greengard, 1971) there is no direct information about the influence the fetal metabolism exerts in the control of fetal growth. The assessment of any interrelationships has to be inferential, largely through an analysis of differences in fetal metabolism associated with variations in the fetal growth rate. There appear to be three major factors regulating fetal growth. The first is the maternal organism, by means of its control over the supply of nutrients and hormones to the fetus through its own metabolic activities and by its influence on the placental blood supply. The second is the placenta which may affect fetal growth through the production and transport of substances to the fetus. The third is fetal metabolism itself. Clearly these three components are interdependent, and the relative contribution of each to the control of fetal growth is difficult to determine.
Data Mining Application of Marketing : A Bivariate Model of Customer Purchase Monetary and Interpurchase Time

In the data mining application, customer database is often used to collect the information of customer consumption behavior which can predict the future purchase patterns. Many previous researches often demonstrated that there are stronger relations between customer purchase monetary and their interpurchase time. In this paper, we propose a bivariate stochastic model to describe the relationships between these two variables. We consider that the monetary volumes of customer consumption is followed normal distribution and interpurchase time length is followed exponetail distribution. Finally, this paper also conducts the empirical data of customer transactions from a credit card company A to compute the probability of customer behavior of interpurchase and monetary consumption.
Line covering method and its applications in steganography and steganalysis

Image features are widely used in steganography and steganalysis. In steganography, image features are used to better understand the image, in order to achieve higher quality. In steganalysis, image features are used to show the changes caused by steganography. This paper presents a new method, line covering, to evaluate the smoothness of an image. A new image feature, smoothness based on line covering, is proposed and we discuss its applications in steganography and steganalysis. This feature can better show the smoothness features in different directions whereas many other image features ignore the direction of features. A steganalysis based on this feature is proposed which has high accuracy in detecting a histogram modification steganographic techniques. And it can easily control the false rejection rate and false acceptation rate. This paper also discusses its application in steganography, and how it can solve the problem of choosing a pairing direction in the steganography based on difference expans.
Isolated Talonavicular Arthrodesis for Talonavicular Arthritis

We have reviewed a single surgeon's experience with isolated talonavicular fusion in 16 patients with talonavicular arthritis. Fixation was either by staples or screws. Fifteen solid unions were achieved in the 16 patients who were followed (mean: 51 months). The average Ankle-Hindfoot Scale improved from 77.2 preoperatively to 92.9 postoperatively (p < 0.001). Subjectively, 15 patients were satisfied and one patient dissatisfied with the results. Further osteoarthritis in the adjacent joints was noted in five patients. We concluded that isolated talonavicular fusion is an effective method of treatment of talonavicular arthritis regarding pain relief and functional improvement. Though osteoarthritis was found in some adjacent joints postoperatively, the results were still satisfactory.
Evolving fuzzy model in fault detection system

Evolving methods for on-line learning of nonlinear models can play an important role in future monitoring and fault detection systems. The ability to model nonlinear relationships between the measured variables and to adapt the model to changing variable relations can decrease the number of false alarms and ensure a more robust and stable monitoring system. In this paper an example of the waste water treatment process monitoring system based on evolving fuzzy model is presented.
Practical Preprocedure Measurement to Estimate the Required Insertion Depth and Select the Optimal Size of Tunneled Dialysis Catheter in Uremic Patients

We evaluated two methods for preprocedure predicting the insertion depth of tunneled dialysis catheter (TDC) on chest radiograph (CXR). Patients undergoing TDC insertion via right internal jugular vein were enrolled. By Method 1, the insertion depth was calculated on preprocedure CXR as the distance from the anticipated venous tip (3.5 cm below the cavoatrial junction) to the prearranged skin puncture site (1.5 cm above the right clavicle). By Method 2, the insertion depth was derived by adding the length between the skin puncture site and the upper edge of the clavicle and the length of clavicle‐to‐tip. The TDC was placed at the estimated insertion depth. The distance of cavoatrial junction‐to‐arterial tip was then measured from postoperative supine CXR. One hundred and seventy and 121 TDCs were inserted by Method 1 and Method 2, respectively, while 127 and 92 preoperative supine CXR were used for preprocedure measurement. The mean distance of cavoatrial junction‐to‐arterial tip was 12.055 (8.5684) [mean (SD)], 11.27 (3.3261), 9.524 (5.1590), and 10.538 (2.6956) mm. Methods of determining the insertion depth by preprocedure measurement enable successful TDC tip placement. Method 2 and using preoperative supine CXR enabled more precise and flexible insertion.
Cold Adaptation in the Antarctic Archaeon Methanococcoides burtonii Involves Membrane Lipid Unsaturation

ABSTRACT Direct analysis of membrane lipids by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry was used to demonstrate the role of unsaturation in ether lipids in the adaptation of Methanococcoides burtonii to low temperature. A proteomics approach using two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis, and a pathway for lipid biosynthesis was reconstructed from the M. burtonii draft genome sequence. The major phospholipids were archaeol phosphatidylglycerol, archaeol phosphatidylinositol, hydroxyarchaeol phosphatidylglycerol, and hydroxyarchaeol phosphatidylinositol. All phospholipid classes contained a series of unsaturated analogues, with the degree of unsaturation dependent on phospholipid class. The proportion of unsaturated lipids from cells grown at 4°C was significantly higher than for cells grown at 23°C. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase, farnesyl diphosphate synthase, and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase were identified in the expressed proteome, and most genes involved in the mevalonate pathway and processes leading to the formation of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol were identified in the genome sequence. In addition, M. burtonii encodes CDP-inositol and CDP-glycerol transferases and a number of homologs of the plant geranylgeranyl reductase. It therefore appears that the unsaturation of lipids may be due to incomplete reduction of an archaeol precursor rather than to a desaturase mechanism. This study shows that cold adaptation in M. burtonii involves specific changes in membrane lipid unsaturation. It also demonstrates that global methods of analysis for lipids and proteomics linked to a draft genome sequence can be effectively combined to infer specific mechanisms of key biological processes.
REDUCED-DYNAMICS POSE ESTIMATION FOR NON-COOPERATIVE SPACECRAFT RENDEZVOUS USING MONOCULAR VISION

This work addresses the design and validation of a monocular vision based reduced-dynamics pose estimation architecture for close-range on-orbit-servicing and formation-flying applications. The aim is to estimate the pose of a passive space resident object using its known three-dimensional wireframe model and lowresolution two-dimensional images collected on-board the servicer spacecraft. In contrast to previous works, the proposed architecture has the potential to be onboard executable and capable to estimate the pose of the target spacecraft without the use of fiducial markers and without any a-priori range measurements or state information. An innovative pose initialization subsystem based on the filtering of weak image gradients and a Newton-Raphson method is used to identify edges of the target spacecraft and compute an initial pose estimate, even in the presence of the Earth in the background. A novel navigation filter utilizing a multiplicative extended Kalman filter for pose estimation is formulated, validated, and stresstested. Based on high-fidelity numerical simulations of reference trajectories, the filter is shown to provide pose estimates with centimeter-level relative position error (3D rms) and sub-degree level relative attitude error (3D rms).
On the Number of Solutions in Random Hypergraph 2-Colouring

We determine the limiting distribution of the logarithm of the number of satisfying assignments in the random $k$-uniform hypergraph 2-colouring problem in a certain density regime for all $k\ge 3$ . As a direct consequence we obtain that in this regime the random colouring model is contiguous wrt. the planted model, a result that helps simplifying the transfer of statements between these two models.
Feature Selection and Predictive Modeling of Housing Data Using Random Forest

 Abstract — Predictive data analysis and modeling involving machine learning techniques become challenging in presence of too many explanatory variables or features. Presence of too many features in machine learning is known to not only cause algorithms to slow down, but they can also lead to decrease in model prediction accuracy. This study involves housing dataset with 79 quantitative and qualitative features that describe various aspects people consider while buying a new house. Boruta algorithm that supports feature selection using a wrapper approach build around random forest is used in this study. This feature selection process leads to 49 confirmed features which are then used for developing predictive random forest models. The study also explores five different data partitioning ratios and their impact on model accuracy are captured using coefficient of determination (r-square) and root mean square error (rsme).
Geochemistry of Lavas from Mauritius, Indian Ocean: Mantle Sources and Petrogenesis

Trace-element and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic data for mafic lavas from the Mascarene island of Mauritius reveal that the shield-stage Older Series (with 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512827 to 0.512853, 87Sr/86Sr = 0.70412 to 0.70433, and 206Pb/204Pb = 18.771 to 19.024) is geochemically very similar to the shield-building lavas of the younger island of Réunion. The post-shield Intermediate and Younger Series lavas of Mauritius have systematically greater values of 143Nd/144Nd and lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios than the Older Series and Réunion lavas. Intermediate and Younger Series Nd and Sr isotopic ratios are closely similar (0.512874 to 0.512899; 0.70369 to 0.70401), whereas 206Pb/204Pb ranges from values as great as any for the Older Series and Réunion lavas to as low as 18.608. Most of the Intermediate Series lavas are strongly enriched in highly incompatible elements relative to moderately incompatible ones (e.g., chondrite-normalized La/Lu = 4.03-17.8 vs. 9.38-10.2 for the Older Series), but the Younger Series lavas display much less relative enrichment (e.g., chondrite-normalized La/Lu = 3.86-5.37) and have low concentrations of incompatible elements. Modeling suggests that variable partial melting and mixing between mid-ocean-ridge-basalt (MORB) source mantle and mantle with bulk-Earth-like Nd and Sr isotopic and incompatible-element ratios, and "C"-like Pb isotope ratios, can explain the general relationship between the shield and post-shield lavas. All Mauritius and Réunion lavas can be explained as 2-8% partial melts of a bulk-Earth-like source that had been 1.5-0.25% metasomatized by a 0.1% MORB-source melt. The range in Pb isotopic compositions requires mixing with highly variable Sr/Pb and Nd/Pb ratios in the end members; such variation, however, is not supported by measured Sr/Pb, Nd/Pb, etc. in the lavas. Some isotopic heterogeneity thus appears to be required in the end members and/or much of the range in Pb isotopes represents radiogenic ingrowth since the metasomatic event. Near-constant 207Pb/204Pb values over the range of 206Pb204Pb among the Older Series lavas suggest that the metasomatic event must have occurred within the last few hundred million years.