Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection error aware spectrum handoff mechanism for cognitive radios

Spectrum handoff is a key mechanism for proper and efficient operation of cognitive radios. A handoff occurs when the current operating channel must be freed by secondary users due to the arrival of a primary user. This mechanism is responsible for searching for a new idle licensed channel for secondary use, a task known as channel selection. The order in which the channels are sensed during the handoff has a great impact on performance. This paper proposes a new spectrum handoff scheme that considers the existence of errors in primary user detection to achieve a better channel ordering in terms of spectrum utilization efficiency and primary user interference. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism outperforms other mechanisms from the literature.
The Development and Validation of the Positive Schools Scale

Schools are ecological assets that contribute to positive youth development. Anchored on the positive youth development (PYD) perspective, Gomez and Ang (2007) proposed that schools can promote the five Cs of PYD if the following components are present: positive people, positive places, and positive opportunities. The study sought to develop and validate a scale that would assess the extent to which schools are perceived to be promoting PYD among adolescents. The proposed 30-item Positive Schools Scale was pretested to a sample of 496 adolescents aged 13 to 21 from two private high schools and two private universities in the Philippines. The reliability of the scale was established using Cronbach’s alpha. The structural validity of the scale was also confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis, while external validity was established by modeling the relationship between the Positive Schools Scale and existing measures of the five Cs of PYD.
On the origin of rhythmic activity in the spinal cord of the frog during strychnine tetanus.

Two kinds of interpretations have been heretofore described about the origin of the rhythmic activity in the spinal cord during strychnine tetanus. According to Bremer and his co-workers (1, 2), extremely regular rhythmicity is resulted from the activity of "beating unit" in spinal cord, which has the property to be excited autorhythmically by strychnine. He tried to find the cause of tetanic selfperpetuating activity of this unit in its association with a long-lasting motoneuron depolarization and its rhythmical fluctuations. On the other hand, Brooks (3) suggested the possibility for circuit movement of impulses in small area of spinal cord, because he observed only arhythmic asynchronous firing, when he reduced the number of cord segments. Recently the intracellular recording technique was successfully applied to motoneurons (4, 5, 6) or interneurons (7, 8), and the long-lasting depolarization by strychnine was confirmed. The frequency of repetitive firing of motoneuron as well as of single motor fiber (9), however, was entirely different from that of the periodic activity in tetanus, which coincided with the slow oscillatory change of cord potential (10). Therefore, the origin of rhythmic activity remains virtually unexplored. In the present paper, the nature and cause of the rhythmic activity were investigated from another point of view, that is the strong cut-off effect of inhibitory interneurons to the tetanic discharges of motoneurons.
A Dynamic Item-Based Weight Collaborative Recommendation Algorithm

In order to resolve collaborative filtering recommendation system recommended decline in the quality for the sparse dataset, a dynamic Item-based weight collaborative recommendation algorithm is presented, which user's preference weight items vector set is constructed based on filtering user's evaluating data and the data rate measured and time-weighted are done, then the Item-based & weighted collaborative filtering recommendation is achieved in the target user's TOP-N similarity set. Experiments show that the algorithm is better than the traditional collaborative filtering algorithms in improving the recommendation dependability and accuracy.
Hibernation energetics of free-ranging little brown bats

SUMMARY Hibernation physiology and energy expenditure have been relatively well studied in large captive hibernators, especially rodents, but data from smaller, free-ranging hibernators are sparse. We examined variation in the hibernation patterns of free-ranging little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) using temperature-sensitive radio-transmitters. First, we aimed to test the hypothesis that age, sex and body condition affect expression of torpor and energy expenditure during hibernation. Second, we examined skin temperature to assess whether qualitative differences in the thermal properties of the hibernacula of bats, compared with the burrows of hibernating rodents, might lead to different patterns of torpor and arousal for bats. We also evaluated the impact of carrying transmitters on body condition to help determine the potential impact of telemetry studies. We observed large variation in the duration of torpor bouts within and between individuals but detected no effect of age, sex or body condition on torpor expression or estimates of energy expenditure. We observed the use of shallow torpor in the midst of periodic arousals, which may represent a unique adaptation of bats for conservation of energy during the most costly phase of hibernation. There was no difference in the body condition of hibernating bats outfitted with transmitters compared with that of control bats captured from the same hibernaculum at the same time. This study provides new information on the energetics of hibernation in an under-represented taxon and baseline data important for understanding how white-nose syndrome, a new disease devastating populations of hibernating bats in North America, may alter the expression of hibernation in affected bats.
VM image update notification mechanism based on pub/sub paradigm in cloud

Virtual machine image encapsulates the whole software stack including operating system, middleware, user application and other software products. Failure occurred in any layer of the software stack will be treated as image failure. However, virtual machine image with potential failures can be convert to template and spread to a wide range by means of template replication. And this paper refer to this phenomenon as "image failure propagation". Usually, patching is a widely adopted solution to resolve software failures. Nevertheless, virtual machine image patches are difficult to deliver to the final users in cloud computing environment for its openness and multi-tenancy features. This paper described image failure propagation model for the first time and proposed a promoting mechanism based on pub/sub computing paradigm to combat with the patching delivery problem.
Nutritional composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae reared on different organic waste substrates.

BACKGROUND Black soldier fly larvae are converters of organic waste into edible biomass, of which the composition may depend on the substrate. In this study, larvae were grown on four substrates: chicken feed, vegetable waste, biogas digestate, and restaurant waste. Samples of prepupae and substrates were freeze-dried and proximate, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral analyses were performed. RESULTS Protein content of prepupae varied between 399 and 431 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) among treatments. Differences in amino acid profile of prepupae were small. On the other hand, the ether extract (EE) and ash contents differed substantially. Prepupae reared on digestate were low in EE and high in ash (218 and 197 g kg-1 DM, respectively) compared to those reared on vegetable waste (371 and 96 g kg-1 DM, respectively), chicken feed (336 and 100 g kg-1 DM, respectively) and restaurant waste (386 and 27 g kg-1 DM, respectively). Prepupal fatty acid profiles were characterised by high levels of C12:0 in all treatments. CONCLUSION Since protein content and quality were high and comparable for prepupae reared on different substrates, black soldier fly could be an interesting protein source for animal feeds. However, differences in EE and ash content as a function of substrate should be considered. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Chain‐to‐chain inventory transshipment model and robust switch control in CSC networks

On the basis of CSC (Cluster Supply Chain) networks with two four‐echelon single supply chains, chain‐to‐chain inventory transshipment between two retailers is taken into account in the context of the two single chains cooperation. The uncertain robust switched control system model is built. Meanwhile, the methodology of robust optimization is introduced to minimize the bullwhip effect, and the solution of optimal decision serials is explored utilizing H‐infinity switched control algorithm. The online decision‐making simulation framework structure is developed to demonstrate the switching procedure. The simulation example proves that chain‐to‐chain inventory transshipment in CSC networks and robust switch control method can effectively weaken the bullwhip effect, reduce stock, dwindle fluctuation of order, and improve response to cluster market. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Where You Stand Depends Upon Where Your Grandparents Sat The Inheritability of Generalized Trust

Generalized trust is a stable value that is transmitted from parents to children. Do its roots go back further in time? Using a person's ethnic heritage (where their grandparents came from) and the proportion of people of different ethnic backgrounds in a state, I ask whether your own ethnic background matters more than whom you live among. People whose grandparents came to the United States from countries that have high levels of trust (Nordics, and the British) tend to have higher levels of generalized trust (using the General Social Survey from 1972 to 1996). People living in states with high German or British populations (but not Nordic populations) are also more trusting (using state-level census data). Italians, Latinos, and African Americans tend to have lower levels of trust, but it is not clear that country of origin can account for these negative results. Overall, there are effects for both culture (where your grandparents came from) and experience (which groups you live among), but the impact of ethnic heritage seems stronger.
Thermodynamic parameters to predict stability of RNA/DNA hybrid duplexes.

The thermodynamic parameters (delta H degree, delta S degree, and delta G degree 37) for 16 nearest-neighbor sets and one initiation factor are presented here in order to predict stability of RNA/DNA hybrid duplexes. To determine the nearest-neighbor parameters, thermodynamics for 68 different hybrid sequences (136 single-stranded oligonucleotides) with 5-13 nucleotide length including several duplexes with identical nearest-neighbors were measured by UV melting procedure. These sequences were selected to have many different combinations of nearest-neighbor pairs, and so that the number of the 16 nearest-neighbor sequences in the oligomers were as equal as possible. The structures of the hybrids were also investigated by measuring circular dichroism spectra. Comparing delta G degree 37 values of the hybrids with DNA/DNA and RNA/RNA parameters reported previously (Breslauer, K.J., Frank, R., Blöcker, H., & Marky, L.A. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 3746-3750; Freier, S.M. , Kierzek, R. , Jaeger, J.A. , Sugimoto, N. , Caruthers, M.H. , Neilson, T. , & Turner, D.H. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 9373-9377), RNA/RNA double helix is the most stable of the three kinds of helixes with the same nearest-neighbor sequences. Which is more stable between DNA/DNA and RNA/DNA hybrid duplexes depends on its sequence. Calculated thermodynamic values of hybrid formation with the present parameters reproduce the experimental values within reasonable errors.
Campylobacter concisus Pseudo-Outbreak Caused by Improved Culture Conditions

ABSTRACT An unusual increase in the number of Campylobacter concisus isolates found in stool cultures provoked an outbreak investigation at Bern University Hospital. No epidemiological links were found between the cases, and the Campylobacter isolates were clonally unrelated. A change in culture conditions to a hydrogen-rich atmosphere enhancing growth of C. concisus was deemed responsible for this pseudo-outbreak.
An Improved Automatic Search Method for Differential Trails in TEA Cipher

TEA (Tiny Encryption Algorithm) is a block cipher with simple ARX (addition, rotation, exclusive-OR) based Feistel network, designed for both hardware and software scenario. Inspired by the auto search algorithm for ARX cipher introduced by Biryukov and Velichkov in 2014, we proposed an improved version of auto search algorithm for ARX cipher and verified in block cipher TEA. By introducing a sorted partial diffierence distribution table (sorted pDDT), our algorithm can eliminate lots of branches in advance during diffierential trail search phase. As time of the search algorithm increase exponentially with the rounds increasing, our algorithm make a great improvement in the search performance.
Laboratory Identification of the Microsporidia

The microsporidia belong to the phylum Microspora within the taxonomic group Protozoa; there are more than 140 genera and 1,200 species that are parasitic in all major animal groups. Already, seven genera (Enterocytozoon, Encephalitozoon, Nosema, Pleistophora, Vittaforma, Trachipleistophora, and Brachiola) and some that are unclassified have been confirmed to cause human infection. Septata intestinalis, an organism that was identified in 1994 as belonging to a new genus, i.e., Septata (Encephalitozoon-like), has been reclassified as Encephalitozoon intestinalis, although there is not universal agreement on this generic change. The genus Microsporidium is essentially a catch-all genus for organisms that have not yet been classified (or may never be classified due to a lack of specimen). Depending on acceptance of these generic designations, there may be seven or nine microsporidial genera. The microsporidia are obligate intracellular, spore-forming protists with no active metabolic stages outside of the host cell. The life cycle involves a proliferative merogonic stage followed by sporogony, which results in spores containing a tubular extrusion apparatus (polar tubule) for injecting infective spore contents into the host cell (Fig. ​(Fig.11). FIG. 1. Life cycle of microsporidia. Reprinted from reference 9. Because microsporidia have a membrane-bound nucleus, an intracytoplasmic membrane system, and chromosome separation on mitotic spindles, they are considered to be true eukaryotes. However, they are somewhat unusual in that they have 70S ribosomes, have no mitrochondria or peroxisomes, and have simple Golgi membranes. Also, the microsporidial genome is smaller and less complex than those of other eukaryotes. Several characteristics, including the presence of chitin in the spore wall, suggest a potential link to the fungi. Microsporidiosis, a disease resulting from infection with these important emerging opportunistic organisms, has been noted in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, as well as in other immunocompromised patients, including transplant recipients. The first human case was reported in 1959; since then, cases of microsporidiosis in both those who are immunocompromised and those who have no underlying immune problems and are considered to be immunocompetent have been reported (Table ​(Table1)1) (2, 7, 21). TABLE 1. Microsporidia causing human infection
Asymmetric Tri-training for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

It is important to apply models trained on a large number of labeled samples to different domains because collecting many labeled samples in various domains is expensive. To learn discriminative representations for the target domain, we assume that artificially labeling the target samples can result in a good representation. Tri-training leverages three classifiers equally to provide pseudo-labels to unlabeled samples; however, the method does not assume labeling samples generated from a different domain. In this paper, we propose the use of an asymmetric tri-training method for unsupervised domain adaptation, where we assign pseudo-labels to unlabeled samples and train the neural networks as if they are true labels. In our work, we use three networks asymmetrically, and by asymmetric, we mean that two networks are used to label unlabeled target samples, and one network is trained by the pseudo-labeled samples to obtain target-discriminative representations. Our proposed method was shown to achieve a state-of-the-art performance on the benchmark digit recognition datasets for domain adaptation.
SALAD database: a motif-based database of protein annotations for plant comparative genomics

Proteins often have several motifs with distinct evolutionary histories. Proteins with similar motifs have similar biochemical properties and thus related biological functions. We constructed a unique comparative genomics database termed the SALAD database (http://salad.dna.affrc.go.jp/salad/) from plant-genome-based proteome data sets. We extracted evolutionarily conserved motifs by MEME software from 209 529 protein-sequence annotation groups selected by BLASTP from the proteome data sets of 10 species: rice, sorghum, Arabidopsis thaliana, grape, a lycophyte, a moss, 3 algae, and yeast. Similarity clustering of each protein group was performed by pairwise scoring of the motif patterns of the sequences. The SALAD database provides a user-friendly graphical viewer that displays a motif pattern diagram linked to the resulting bootstrapped dendrogram for each protein group. Amino-acid-sequence-based and nucleotide-sequence-based phylogenetic trees for motif combination alignment, a logo comparison diagram for each clade in the tree, and a Pfam-domain pattern diagram are also available. We also developed a viewer named ‘SALAD on ARRAYs’ to view arbitrary microarray data sets of paralogous genes linked to the same dendrogram in a window. The SALAD database is a powerful tool for comparing protein sequences and can provide valuable hints for biological analysis.
Enhancing ESL Students Academic Writing Skills through the Term-Paper

Tertiary ESL students find writing the academic term-paper a complex process as they grapple with issues about academic writing conventions and ethics. This paper examines tertiary students’ thoughts and perceptions in co-constructing knowledge about academic writing and how multi-drafting and feedback strategies enhance their academic literacy skills through term-paper writing. In particular, we examine the use of the term-paper as a pedagogical instrument incorporating the process approach to writing for developing academic writing skills among tertiary level students in Malaysia including the importance of multi-drafting, where students reflect on the writing of the multi-drafts and evaluate their learning while working in groups. The respondents are 38 Diploma in Business Management students from a Malaysian university enrolled in an academic writing course. Focus group interviews, group observations and respondents reflective journal entries provided the qualitative data. Our findings show that group multi-drafting and feedback processes enhanced students understanding of writing as a recursive process and sharpened their academic writing literacy knowledge in the areas of referencing, planning, idea generation, editing and revising. We conclude that the multi-draft term-paper approach as a pedagogical tool seems to be a feasible solution to heightening the academic writing skills and confidence of tertiary students.
Trigeminal somatosensory-evoked potential: A neurophysiological tool to monitor the extent of lesion of ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia

Abstract To reflect the extent of thermolesion of ganglion by testing the change of trigeminal somatosensory-evoked potential (TSEP) before and after ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation surgery (GRT), and evaluate long-term clinic effect by follow-up visiting of 1 year. Patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) in the second division were enrolled between October 2014 and October 2015. They were treated with computed tomography-guided GRT and a follow-up visiting of 1 year. Bilateral TSEP measurements were performed 1 day before and 2 days after the GRT surgery. The latency and peak-to-peak amplitude of W2 and W3 were recorded. Immediate postprocedure pain relief (grades I–III) was 100% and 92.5% 1 year later. Facial numbness rate of grades III and IV was 70%, 40%, and 12.5%, respectively, at immediate, 2 days, and 1 year after GRT. No sever complications happened. The latency of W2 and W3 of patients who had no pain no numbness after 1 year of GRT was 1.74 ± 0.24 and 3.84 ± 0.66 ms, respectively, of TN side, and 1.71 ± 0.39 and 3.63 ± 0.85 ms of the healthy side before GRT. The amplitude of W2 and W3 was 1.13 ± 0.50 and 1.99 ± 1.09 uv, respectively, of TN side and 1.24 ± 0.40 and 1.89 ± 0.81 uv of the healthy side before GRT. There was no statistical difference of the latency and amplitude between 2 sides of W2 and W3 before surgery (P > 0.05). The latency of W2 and W3 delayed and the amplitude reduced especially in TN side after surgery comparing before (P < 0.001). And, comparisons of the latency and amplitude of W2 and W3 between TN side and the healthy side after surgery showed the latency of W2 and W3 delayed (W2: P = 0.02; W3: P = 0.01) and the amplitude of W2 reduced (P = 0.003), but the amplitude of W3 had no statistical difference (P = 0.22). The mean delayed latency and 95% confident interval of W2 and W3 were 0.22 ± 0.35 (0.1–0.34) ms and 0.35 ± 0.64 (0.14–0.57) ms, respectively. The mean decreased amplitude and 95% confident interval of W2 and W3 were 22 ± 24 (14–30)% and 23 ± 32 (12–34)%, respectively. GRT can make the latency delay and the amplitude decrease of TSEP. And the latency and amplitude of W2 and W3 can be considered reliable and safe reference for monitoring the extent of thermolesion.
User-adaptive models for recognizing food preparation activities

Recognizing complex activities is a challenging research problem, particularly in the presence of strong variability in the way activities are performed. Food preparation activities are prime examples, involving many different utensils and ingredients as well as high inter-person variability. Recognition models need to adapt to users in order to robustly account for differences between them. This paper presents three methods for user-adaptation: combining classifiers that were trained separately on generic and user-specific data, jointly training a single support vector machine from generic and user-specific data, and a weighted K-nearest-neighbor formulation with different probability mass assigned to generic and user-specific samples. The methods are evaluated on video and accelerometer data of people preparing mixed salads. A combination of generic and user-specific models considerably increased activity recognition accuracy and was shown to be particularly promising when data from only a limited number of training subjects was available.