Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advanced Shortest Paths Algorithms on a Massively-Multithreaded Architecture

We present a study of multithreaded implementations of Thorup's algorithm for solving the single source shortest path (SSSP) problem for undirected graphs. Our implementations leverage the fledgling multithreaded graph library (MTGL) to perform operations such as finding connected components and extracting induced subgraphs. To achieve good parallel performance from this algorithm, we deviate from several theoretically optimal algorithmic steps. In this paper, we present simplifications that perform better in practice, and we describe details of the multithreaded implementation that were necessary for scalability. We study synthetic graphs that model unstructured networks, such as social networks and economic transaction networks. Most of the recent progress in shortest path algorithms relies on structure that these networks do not have. In this work, we take a step back and explore the synergy between an elegant theoretical algorithm and an elegant computer architecture. Finally, we conclude with a prediction that this work will become relevant to shortest path computation on structured networks.
System Demonstration Interactive Generation and Knowledge Administration in MultiMeteo

We believe that it is important from the practical point of view to use natural language generation (NLG) in real world applications. The key benefits are outlined as follows: • Higher quality of generated texts • Cost effective maintenance and adaptability • Usability•(including acceptability by the users). Generally, it takes "exotic" (linguists, knowledge engineers) manpower to maintain, and adapt a NLG system. To avoid this problem, we have developed a Knowledge Administration • station, which is usable by the target population (in our project, weather forecasters). On the other hand, the system is designed to help the forecasters and not replace them. It is able to adapt to each forecaster's style and manage enhancements• they wish to bring to their texts. With that in mind, the Interactive Generation environment was designed to allow forecasters to modify generated texts in their native language, and then generate weather forecasts in several foreign languages based on those modifications. Interactive• Generation is a viable alternative to Automatic Translation.
Validation of ASTER/TIR standard atmospheric correction using water surfaces

The standard atmospheric correction algorithm for the five thermal infrared (TIR) bands of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is based on radiative transfer calculation using the MODTRAN code. Atmospheric profiles input to MODTRAN are extracted from either the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) product or the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) climatology model. The present study provides validation results of this algorithm. First, in situ lake surface temperatures measured in 13 vicarious calibration (VC) experiments were compared with surface temperatures retrieved from ASTER data. As the results, the mean bias was 0.8 and 1.8 K for GDAS and NRL, respectively. The NRL model performed worse than GDAS for four experiments at Salton Sea, CA, probably because the model was not suitable for this site, which has typically higher surface temperature and humidity than other VC sites. Next, the algorithm was validated based on the max-min difference (MMD) of water surface emissivity retrieved from each of 163 scenes acquired globally. As a result, the algorithm error increased quadratically with the precipitable water vapor (PWV) content of the atmosphere, and the expected MMD error was 0.049 and 0.067 for GDAS and NRL, respectively, with a PWV of 3 cm, where 0.05 on MMD is roughly corresponding to -0.8 or +2.3 K on the retrieved surface temperature error. The algorithm performance degraded markedly when the surface temperature exceeded about 25/spl deg/C, particularly for NRL. Consequently, GDAS performs better than NRL as expected, while both will perform less well for humid conditions.
Innovation and Learning by Public Discourse: Citigroup and the Rainforest Action Network

This paper presents the project finance controversy between Citigroup and the Rainforest Action Network (RAN) from a moral learning and innovation perspective. Using Kohlberg’s framework for moral development and learning it shows, that Citigroup improved its moral organizational cognition and implemented innovative processes and standards. This case demonstrates that public criticism can trigger social innovations.
Lower gastrointestinal tract tumours: diagnosis and staging strategies

In patients with colorectal cancer, accurate assessment of tumour extent within and beyond the bowel wall and detection of lymph node and distant metastases are of paramount importance in planning the surgical approach, in deciding whether neo-adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy is necessary, and in determining the risk of tumour recurrence and overall prognosis. The utility of MDCT, MR, transrectal ultrasound, PET, PET/CT is discussed and recommendations for cost-effective imaging in these patients are presented.
Analysis of Users' Web Navigation Behavior using GRPA with Variable Length Markov Chains

the never-ending growth of Web services and Web-based information systems, the volumes of click stream and user data collected by Web-based organizations in their daily operations has reached enormous proportions. Analyzing such huge data can help to evaluate the effectiveness of promotional campaigns, optimize the functionality of Web-based applications, and provide more personalized content to visitors. In the previous work, we had proposed a method, Grey Relational Pattern Analysis using Markov chains, which involves to discovering the meaningful patterns and relationships from a large collection of data, often stored in Web and applications server access logs, proxy logs etc. Herein, we propose a novel approach to analyse the navigational behavior of User using GRPA with Variable-Length Markov Chains. A VLMC is a model extension that allows variable length history to be captured. GRPA with Variable- Length Markov Chains, which reflects on sequential information in Web usage data effectively and efficiently, and it can be extended to allow integration with a Web user navigation behavior prediction model for better Web Usage mining Applications.
A Regional and Industry Analysis of the Complexity of the Regulatory Environment Affecting Agricultural Producers in California Topic Code: 09-Food agricultural policy

This paper provides results from a producers survey that enquired about the complexity of the regulatory environment in California. The primary objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between the complexity of the regulatory environment, agricultural industries in California, and different regions in California. This objective is achieved by taking information gathered from a producers survey and applying an ordered logit econometric model using complexity of the regulatory environment as the dependent variable. A secondary objective of this study is to develop a motivation why the complexity of the regulatory environment is important issue to consider. To achieve this goal, the perception of the complexity of the regulatory environment will be examined with potential management options that producers can take including increasing and decreasing their size of operation, leaving agricultural production, and moving out of the state.
Best-effort highway traffic congestion control via variable speed limits

The problem of controlling the congestion front in a single link road section is considered in this paper. For this purpose, we introduce a new variable-length two-cell lumped model composed of; one congested cell, and another in free flow. This model has the advantage of having few states while preserving the vehicle conservation property. This model is used as a basis to design a simple “best-effort” controller that regulates (at its best) the congestion front to some pre-specified value. The control law can be implemented using only information about the congestion front position.
Predictive Modelling of Toxicity Resulting from Radiotherapy Treatments of Head and Neck Cancer

In radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, the radiation dose de- livered to the pharyngeal mucosa (mucosal lining of the throat) is thought to be a major contributing factor to dysphagia (swallowing dysfunction), the most commonly reported severe toxicity. There is a variation in the severity of dys- phagia experienced by patients. Understanding the role of the dose distribution in dysphagia would allow improvements in the radiotherapy technique to be explored. The 3D dose distributions delivered to the pharyngeal mucosa of 249 patients treated as part of clinical trials were reconstructed. Pydicom was used to extract DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) data (the standard file formats for medical imaging and radiotherapy data). NumPy and SciPy were used to manipulate the data to generate 3D maps of the dose distribution delivered to the pharyngeal mucosa and calculate metrics describing the dose distribution. Multivariate predictive modelling of severe dysphagia, including descriptions of the dose distribution and relevant clinical factors, was performed using Pandas and SciKit-Learn. Matplotlib and Mayavi were used for 2D and 3D data visualisation. A support vector classification model, with feature selection using randomised logistic regression, to predict radiation- induced severe dysphagia, was trained. When this model was independently validated, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.54. The model has poor predictive power and work is ongoing to improve the model through alternative feature engineering and statistical modelling approaches.
Zur theoretischen und empirischen Unterschiedlichkeit von therapeutischen Interventionen, Inhalten und Stilen in psychoanalytisch und verhaltenstherapeutisch begründeten Psychotherapien

Zusammenfassung Psychoanalytisch und verhaltenstherapeutisch begrundete Therapieverfahren werden fur die Behandlung von Patienten mit vergleichbarem Storungsspektrum herangezogen, sie weisen aber gleichzeitig sehr unterschiedliche Grundkonzeptionen, Ausbildungsmodalitaten und Behandlungsrationale auf. Daher kommt einer vergleichenden Gegenuberstellung dieser beiden Verfahren ein besonderer Stellenwert zu. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Uberblick uber die Bedeutung sowie uber das theoretische und insbesondere empirische Wissen hinsichtlich der Unterschiedlichkeit von psychoanalytisch und verhaltenstherapeutisch begrundeten Therapieverfahren auf Prozessebene, d. h. hinsichtlich therapeutischer Interventionen, Inhalte und Stile. Der Uberblick kann zeigen, dass nicht nur in Bezug auf die theoretischen Konzeptionen, sondern auch auf Grundlage empirischer Untersuchungen, die beiden Therapierichtungen in einem breiteren Spektrum an Prozessvariablen ausgepragte, in der Regel theoriekonforme Unterschiede aufweisen. Wahrend das generelle Ergebnis der Unterschiedlichkeit, zumindest im Rahmen experimenteller Designs, als robust eingeschatzt werden kann, konnen Aussagen uber die tatsachliche Versorgungspraxis aufgrund eines Mangels an aktuellen, naturalistisch ausgerichteten Studien nur sehr vereinzelt gemacht werden. Der hieraus abzuleitende Forschungsbedarf sowie notwendige Weiterentwicklungen im Bereich der komparativen Prozessforschung werden diskutiert. Abstract Since cognitive behavioural (CBT) and psychodynamic (PDT) approaches treat patients with comparable disorder spectrums, yet at the same time show very different fundamental concepts, training modalities and treatment rationale, a comparison of the process and outcome of these methods becomes particularly significant. The present article offers an overview of the significance of comparative process research as well as of the theoretical and, in particular, the empirical knowledge concerning the difference between CBT and PDT at the process level (therapeutic interventions, contents and styles). Results show that CBT and PDT display pronounced differences in a broader spectrum of process variables not only on the basis of their theoretical conceptions but also referring to empirical data. While at least within the framework of experimental designs the general result of different profiles can be considered robust, statements concerning the actual treatment practice and clinical routines can only be made on a very isolated basis due to a lack of naturalistic studies. The need for research which can be derived from this, as well as further necessary developments in the field of comparative process research are discussed.
The voltage sensor of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle. Ion dependence and selectivity

Manifestations of excitation-contraction (EC) coupling of skeletal muscle were studied in the presence of metal ions of the alkaline and alkaline-earth groups in the extracellular medium. Single cut fibers of frog skeletal muscle were voltage clamped in a double Vaseline gap apparatus, and intramembrane charge movement and myoplasmic Ca2+ transients were simultaneously measured. In metal-free extracellular media both charge movement of the charge 1 type and Ca transients were suppressed. Under metal-free conditions the nonlinear charge distribution was the same in depolarized (holding potential of 0 mV) and normally polarized fibers (holding potentials between -80 and -90 mV). The manifestations of EC coupling recovered when ions of groups Ia and IIa of the periodic table were included in the extracellular solution; the extent of recovery depended on the ion species. These results are consistent with the idea that the voltage sensor of EC coupling has a binding site for metal cations--the "priming" site--that is essential for function. A state model of the voltage sensor in which metal ligands bind preferentially to the priming site when the sensor is in noninactivated states accounts for the results. This theory was used to derive the relative affinities of the various ions for the priming site from the magnitude of the EC coupling response. The selectivity sequence thus constructed is: Ca greater than Sr greater than Mg greater than Ba for group IIa cations and Li greater than Na greater than K greater than Rb greater than Cs for group Ia. Ca2+, the most effective of all ions tested, was 1,500-fold more effective than Na+. This selectivity sequence is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that of the intrapore binding sites of the L-type cardiac Ca channel. This provides further evidence of molecular similarity between the voltage sensor and Ca channels.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus horikoshii Strain 20a from Cuatro Cienegas, Coahuila, Mexico

ABSTRACT We sequenced the Bacillus horikoshii 20a genome, isolated from sediment collected in Cuatro Cienegas, Mexico. We identified genes involved in establishing antagonistic interactions in microbial communities (antibiotic resistance and bacteriocins) and genes related to the metabolism of cyanophycin, a reserve compound and spore matrix material potentially relevant for survival in an oligotrophic environment.
Illocution and cognition: the case of apologies

This paper analyzes the speech act of apologizing from the point of view of the conceptual tools provided by Cognitive Linguistics. Speech acts have not received a lot of attention in this approach to language. Notable exceptions are Panther and Thornburg (1998), Perez (1997, 2001), Sweetser (2000), and Perez and Ruiz de Mendoza (2002). While Sweetser's study focuses on the performative value of metaphor, the studies carried out by Panther and Thornburg, on the one hand, and Perez and Ruiz de Mendoza, on the other, share a commitment with reinterpreting traditional speech act theory in terms of cognitive modeling. Thus, Panther and Thornburg (1998) claim that illocutionary force is a form of inferential activity grounded in metonymy. Perez and Ruiz de Mendoza (2002), in turn, have developed a more sophisticated theory according to which the illocutionary value of an utterance is a function of a number of cognitive models which interact in different but predictable ways. Perez and Ruiz de Mendoza have thus analyzed the interpretation of directive speech acts as a combination of metaphorical and metonymic operations performed on propositional cognitive models of interpersonal nature, in connection to pre-conceptual sensorimotor and spatial representations, such as the FORCE image-schema. Here we extend Perez and Ruiz de Mendoza's account to the domain of expressive speech acts with an especial focus on apologies. We show that expressive speech acts are also sensitive to an analysis based on interpersonal cognitive models and image-schematic representations. In order to do so, we outline the essentials of an illocutionary scenario for apologies and explore the way it is exploited by means of other cognitive operations, especially metonymy. We additionally show that Perez and Ruiz de Mendoza's cost-benefit idealized cognitive model, which these authors have postulated for directive and commissive speech acts, also lies at the base of our understanding of expressive categories.
The Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study: Design of Study and Profile of Participants at Baseline

Background Large-scale cohort studies conducted in Japan do not always include psychosocial factors as exposures. In addition, such studies sometimes fail to satisfactorily evaluate disability status as an outcome. Methods This prospective cohort study comprised 49 603 (22 438 men and 27 165 women) community-dwelling adults aged 40 years or older who were included in the Residential Registry for Ohsaki City, Miyagi Prefecture, in northeastern Japan. The baseline survey, which included psychosocial factors, was conducted in December 2006. Follow-up of death, immigration, cause of death, cancer incidence, and long-term care insurance certification was started on 1 January 2007. Results The response rate was 64.2%. In general, lifestyle-related conditions in the study population were similar to those of the general Japanese population; however, the proportion of male current smokers was higher in the cohort. The association between age and the proportion of those reporting psychological distress showed a clear U-shaped curve, with a nadir at age 60 to 69 years in both men and women, although more women were affected by such distress than men. The proportion of those who reported a lack of social support was highest among those aged 40 to 49 years. Most men and women surveyed did not participate in community activities. Among participants aged 65 years or older, 10.9% of participants were certified beneficiaries of the long-term care insurance system at baseline. Conclusions The Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study is a novel population-based prospective cohort study that focuses on psychosocial factors and long-term care insurance certification.
3Dee: a database of protein structural domains

UNLABELLED The 3Dee database is a repository of protein structural domains. It stores alternative domain definitions for the same protein, organises domains into sequence and structural hierarchies, contains non-redundant set(s) of sequences and structures, multiple structure alignments for families of domains, and allows previous versions of the database to be regenerated. AVAILABILITY 3Dee is accessible on the World Wide Web at the URL http://barton.ebi. ac.uk/servers/3Dee.html.
Towards Secure Mobile P2P Systems

The growth of mobile devices with near PC equivalent capabilities has brought with it the possibility of mobile P2P systems. However, the nature of mobile devices brings additional issues that need to be considered, especially for when considering system security. This paper presents our initial work on the EU funded PEPERS project that seeks to support the development of secure mobile P2P applications. A core part of this support is with the design and development of a mobile P2P security platform.
Point cloud registration with 2D and 3D fusion information on mobile robot integrated vision system

Multi-view point clouds registration method based on the 2D and 3D fusion information is proposed. First the joint calibration of the CCD camera and 3D laser radar system is conducted to fuse the image information and range information. Then, matching feature points in the images are obtained with the SIFT algorithm. Based on the joint calibration results and the images feature matching points, the point clouds feature matching points are determined. After that, the initial value of the different view point cloud space transform is calculated with the RANSAC, and ICP algorithm is adopted to optimize the results. Finally, the proposed method was implemented on a mobile robot and verified effective in the experiment.
Specific roles for dendritic cell subsets during initiation and progression of psoriasis

Several subtypes of APCs are found in psoriasis patients, but their involvement in disease pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the contribution of Langerhans cells (LCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in psoriasis. In human psoriatic lesions and in a psoriasis mouse model (DKO* mice), LCs are severely reduced, whereas pDCs are increased. Depletion of pDCs in DKO* mice prior to psoriasis induction resulted in a milder phenotype, whereas depletion during active disease had no effect. In contrast, while depletion of Langerin‐expressing APCs before disease onset had no effect, depletion from diseased mice aggravated psoriasis symptoms. Disease aggravation was due to the absence of LCs, but not other Langerin‐expressing APCs. LCs derived from DKO* mice produced increased IL‐10 levels, suggesting an immunosuppressive function. Moreover, IL‐23 production was high in psoriatic mice and further increased in the absence of LCs. Conversely, pDC depletion resulted in reduced IL‐23 production, and therapeutic inhibition of IL‐23R signaling ameliorated disease symptoms. Therefore, LCs have an anti‐inflammatory role during active psoriatic disease, while pDCs exert an instigatory function during disease initiation.
TaCo: Semantic Equivalence of IP Prefix Tables

Semantically equivalent IP prefix tables exhibit the same forwarding behavior and, thus, can be used in place of each other for the purpose of packet forwarding. Researchers, service providers, and equipment vendors often need to establish this semantic equivalence of prefix tables. Given the large number of IP addresses in use today, either (i) this task takes too long to complete on any available hardware, or (ii) one has to resort to approximation by looking up, in the two tables, only a sample of IP addresses from the entire IP space. We present TaCo (Table Comparison), an algorithm to determine whether or not two given IP prefix tables are semantically equivalent. TaCo is efficient yet accurate, as it guarantees the equivalence result over the entire IP space without explicitly performing a lookup on each IP address over this space. We show that the number of longest prefix matching lookups TaCo needs to perform is bounded by a number that is linear in the sum of the number of entries in the two tables. In practice, for the existing prefix tables in large service providers, the number of longest prefix matchings needed by TaCo does not exceed a few hundred thousand entries.
Towards the self-annotating web

The success of the Semantic Web depends on the availability of ontologies as well as on the proliferation of web pages annotated with metadata conforming to these ontologies. Thus, a crucial question is where to acquire these metadata from. In this paper wepropose PANKOW (Pattern-based Annotation through Knowledge on theWeb), a method which employs an unsupervised, pattern-based approach to categorize instances with regard to an ontology. The approach is evaluated against the manual annotations of two human subjects. The approach is implemented in OntoMat, an annotation tool for the Semantic Web and shows very promising results.