Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Développement d'un module Lagrangien de collisions de particules afin de valider les algorithmes de résolution Eulérienne de gaz sans pression

Le but de ce stage a ete de developper un algorithme Lagrangien de detection et de prise en charge des collisions de gouttes. Tout d'abord, son interet sera explique, ainsi que les raisons pour lesquelles un tel algorithme est necessaire dans bon nombre d'applications. Ensuite son fonctionnement sera decrit en detail, les etapes utilisees et les methodes qui ont ete choisies. Puis, nous decrirons les optimisations effectuees ainsi que leur gain en complexite. Pour finir, une analyse des resultats obtenus sera effectuee, une fois ce module integre dans une DNS developpe au sein du CORIA. Trois configurations de simulation ont ete mises en place. Les collisions jouent un role crucial dans celles-ci. Ces configurations consistent en deux jets croises diphasiques (en domaine Cartesien). La premiere simulation est extremement dense en goutte, et les collisions ne sont pas prises en compte. La deuxieme est peu dense en gouttes, mais les collisions sont effectives. Enfin, la troisieme est extremement dense et les collisions sont prises en compte. Cela nous permettra d'etudier l'influence des collisions sur le resultat de la simulation.
A novel sRNA component of the carbon storage regulatory system of Escherichia coli

Small untranslated RNAs (sRNAs) perform a variety of important functions in bacteria. The 245 nucleotide sRNA of Escherichia coli, CsrC, was discovered using a genetic screen for factors that regulate glycogen biosynthesis. CsrC RNA binds multiple copies of CsrA, a protein that post‐transcriptionally regulates central carbon flux, biofilm formation and motility in E. coli. CsrC antagonizes the regulatory effects of CsrA, presumably by sequestering this protein. The discovery of CsrC is intriguing, in that a similar sRNA, CsrB, performs essentially the same function. Both sRNAs possess similar imperfect repeat sequences (18 in CsrB, nine in CsrC), primarily localized in the loops of predicted hairpins, which may serve as CsrA binding elements. Transcription of csrC increases as the culture approaches the stationary phase of growth and is indirectly activated by CsrA via the response regulator UvrY. Because CsrB and CsrC antagonize CsrA activity and depend on CsrA for their synthesis, a csrB null mutation causes a modest compensatory increase in CsrC levels and vice versa. Homologues of csrC are apparent in several Enterobacteriaceae. The regulatory and evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.
An Individual-Based Method to Measure Animal Activity Levels: A Test on Brown Bears

Abstract Measuring activity levels in animals provides important information about their behavioral ecology and may be a relevant factor in management and conservation. We tested an individual-based method to discriminate active and passive behaviors on brown bears (Ursus arctos), using a dual-axis motion sensor mounted on Global Positioning System–Global System for Mobile Communications (GPS–GSM) collars. The method takes into account individual variation in activity levels and does not require further calibration. We validated the method through direct observations of captive bears and an extensive survey of wild bear signs in the boreal forest of central Sweden. We found good correspondence between sensor-measured and observed activity on captive bears. Analysis of wild bear signs at GPS locations and its comparison with the collar-based activity status confirmed the possibility of successfully applying the method to study brown bear activity patterns in the wild. The method provided 94.3% correct activity classification on captive bears and about 78.2% on wild bears. We tested the possibility of using this technique to measure increasing levels of activity by analyzing the correlation between the collar-derived numeric activity and the intensity of bear movement. At a broader scale (active vs. passive), the sensor-measured value provided information on the degree of activity, but no correlation was evident at a finer scale (specific behaviors). We suggest that using more sensors in different regions of a bear's body could overcome this difficulty and improve our knowledge of animal behavior in the wild, through remote monitoring of activity levels. We conclude that this method can be useful in the study of behavioral ecology of a wide range of animals, especially species that are difficult to observe or move great distances.
A User-Perceived Freshness Clustering Method to Identify Three Subgroups in Mobile Internet Users

The user behavior analysis of the mobile Internet is still to be explored. This increases importance in research and business as the mobile Internet penetration becomes visible. The author performs a preparatory survey to identify the user behavior scenarios during a day. It indicates that there are three distinguished mobile Internet behavior patterns: (a) always active, (b) irregular, (c) prime time use. This gives a novel perspective to understand user interactions in the mobile Internet. Intelligent mobile services require addressing these differences in order to improve user experience. The author proposes a user-perceived freshness method to cluster users with the content access logs in order to utilize this three-subgroup-based view. The revisit ratio in the following month is used to characterize the user clusters and the middle users show a high revisit ratio. The author discusses the characteristics of this middle user segment.
Are there Financial Constraints for Firms Investing in Skilled Employees

This paper explores how financial constraints affect intangible investment for knowledge intensive and less capital intensive firms. In this paper, a knowledge intensive firm implies a firm supplying knowledge intensive services which requires the firm to hire highly educated employees. In economics investment is defined as the act of incurring an immediate cost in the expectation of future reward, which also fits to the hiring of skilled employees. Drawing advantage of unique firm-level data comprising all Swedish knowledge intensive consulting firms I conclude that the accessibility to adequate collateral significantly affects the relationship between employment and internal funds at the firm level. The accessibility of adequate collateral is more important in an economic downturn than in an expansion and more important for highly knowledge intensive consulting firms. In this paper I make a novel attempt to incorporate knowledge intensive services firms into the financial constraints literature.
Exercise for lower limb osteoarthritis: systematic review incorporating trial sequential analysis and network meta-analysis

Objective To determine whether there is sufficient evidence to conclude that exercise interventions are more effective than no exercise control and to compare the effectiveness of different exercise interventions in relieving pain and improving function in patients with lower limb osteoarthritis. Data sources Nine electronic databases searched from inception to March 2012. Study selection Randomised controlled trials comparing exercise interventions with each other or with no exercise control for adults with knee or hip osteoarthritis. Data extraction Two reviewers evaluated eligibility and methodological quality. Main outcomes extracted were pain intensity and limitation of function. Trial sequential analysis was used to investigate reliability and conclusiveness of available evidence for exercise interventions. Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to combine both direct (within trial) and indirect (between trial) evidence on treatment effectiveness. Results 60 trials (44 knee, two hip, 14 mixed) covering 12 exercise interventions and with 8218 patients met inclusion criteria. Sequential analysis showed that as of 2002 sufficient evidence had been accrued to show significant benefit of exercise interventions over no exercise control. For pain relief, strengthening, flexibility plus strengthening, flexibility plus strengthening plus aerobic, aquatic strengthening, and aquatic strengthening plus flexibility, exercises were significantly more effective than no exercise control. A combined intervention of strengthening, flexibility, and aerobic exercise was also significantly more effective than no exercise control for improving limitation in function (standardised mean difference −0.63, 95% credible interval −1.16 to −0.10). Conclusions As of 2002 sufficient evidence had accumulated to show significant benefit of exercise over no exercise in patients with osteoarthritis, and further trials are unlikely to overturn this result. An approach combining exercises to increase strength, flexibility, and aerobic capacity is likely to be most effective in the management of lower limb osteoarthritis. The evidence is largely from trials in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Protocol registration PROSPERO (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) No CRD42012002267.
A Novel Technique of Flow Measurement for a Conducting Liquid

The flow rate of a conducting liquid is generally measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter, which requires a magnetization coil and a set of sensing electrodes. However, the size and cost of the flow head of this flowmeter generally become very high due to the large size of the magnetizing coil and core material. In this paper, a novel low-cost bridge-type technique of flow measurement of a conducting liquid has been described. In this technique, the lumped-parameter impedances among four electrodes placed at a radial distance apart in a flow-sensing tube form a Wheatstone bridge network. Each of these impedances is a combination of electrode polarization impedances and other impedances. Since the electrode polarization impedances are functions of the flow rate of the conducting liquid and some other parameters, the polarization impedances between two electrodes placed in two locations along the flow path of the conducting liquid may be taken as a measure of the flow rate of the liquid, with the other parameters remaining constant. The nonlinearity of these impedance variations with the flow rate is minimized by the proposed bridge-circuit near-balanced condition. The bridge is excited by a stabilized sinusoidal oscillator and balanced at the no-flow condition of the liquid. The output of the bridge network is converted into a 1- to 5-V dc signal in a signal conditioner circuit. The design aspects, theoretical analysis, and calibration data are presented in this paper. The experimental characteristic of the flowmeter is found to follow the theoretical equation and has good repeatability over the entire operating zone.
Kim And Warde’s Mixed Randomized Response Technique For Complex Surveys

The randomized response (RR) technique introduced by Warner (1965) was found to be an effective method for reducing answer bias and ensuring better respondent cooperation in estimating the proportion of people in a community bearing a sensitive attribute. Chaudhuri (2001a, 2001b, 2002, 2003) extended Warner’s method and several other well-known RR devices to complex surveys adopting a varying probability sampling design. Kim and Warde (2004) proposed an RR model assuming that the sample is selected with simple random sampling (SRS) with replacement (SRSWR). Here, the method of estimation is presented when sample is chosen with varying selection probabilities and Kim and Warde’s RR procedure is applied for estimating a sensitive proportion. Also illustrated is a numerical example that unequal probability sampling performs better than SRS.
Differences in hydrophobic surface characteristics of porcine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with or without K88 antigen as revealed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography

Porcine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains possessing or lacking K88 antigen were studied by using hydrophobic interaction chromatography on cross-linked agarose gels with alkyl or aryl substituents (amphiphilic gels) to determine whether or not they possessed surface-associated hydrophobic properties. Strains with K88ab or K88ac antigen adsorbed to phenyl and octyl Sepharose gels in the presence of 4 M sodium chloride. This property correlated with phenotypic expression of K88 antigen. Cells grown at 37 degrees C but not those grown at 18 degrees C possessed hydrophobic adsorptive characteristics in addition to the property of mannose-resistant hemagglutination of guinea pig erythrocytes. Adsorption of K88-positive strains to gels with hydrophobic ligands was independent of O group and enterotoxicity. Strains lacking K88 antigen did not adsorb to the hydrophobically substituted derivatives of Sepharose and lacked mannose-resistant hemagglutinating characteristics. Neither the presence of additional polysaccharide K antigens nor nonhemagglutinating pili conferred the property of hydrophobic interaction on the strains. K88-positive bacteria had a lower electrophoretic migration rate than did K88-negative bacteria of the same serotype in free-zone electrophoresis. K88-positive bacteria also adsorbed strongly to hydrophobic ligands in the presence of 1 M ammonium sulfate, whereas K88-negative strains did not. These observations provide evidence for the suspected role of hydrophobic interaction in the adhesive properties of certain enteropathogenic strains of E. coli. Moreover, hydrophobic interaction chromatography provides convenient and rapid alternative means of screening strains for a property potentially associated with adhesiveness.
High Efficiency Pb–In Binary Metal Perovskite Solar Cells

Mixed Pb-In perovskite solar cells are fabricated by using lead(II) chloride and indium(III) chloride with methylammonium iodide. A maximum power conversion efficiency as high as 17.55% is achieved owing to the high quality of perovskites with multiple ordered crystal orientations.
Reduced Relatives and Extended Phases: A Phase‐Based Analysis of the Inflectional Restrictions on English Reduced Relative Clauses

This article aims to provide an analysis for a curious fact about reduced relative clauses in Standard English: while full relative clauses permit all forms of inflection, reduced relative clauses are restricted to passive and progressive inflections. This puzzle is explained by claiming that, while full relative clauses are comprised of both phases of the clausal spine, reduced relative clauses are comprised solely of the clause‐internal phase. Following the claim that the clause‐internal phase in English in fact extends as far as the progressive aspectual layer (Harwood 2013, 2015; Wurmbrand 2013, 2014; Ramchand & Svenonius 2014; Aelbrecht & Harwood 2015) this fully accounts for the inflectional restrictions on reduced relative clauses in Standard English.
Test-retest and inter-rater reliability of a method to measure wrist and finger spasticity.

OBJECTIVE To describe the reliability of an instrument (Neuro- Flexor) designed to be used in the clinic for quantification of the relative contribution of spasticity, elasticity and viscosity to resistance during passive wrist movements. DESIGN A test-retest and inter-rater reliability study. SUBJECTS A convenience sample of 34 adults with chronic stroke with spasticity in the hand, and a reference group of 10 healthy persons. METHODS Two raters assessed the participants with the NeuroFlexor. Elastic, viscous and neural components of passive movement resistance were quantified at the wrist. Test-retest and inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2.1) were calculated for each component for both raters and two sessions. Degree of measurement error was evaluated using the coefficient of variation and the repeatability coefficient. RESULTS Reliability was high for the neural component (test-retest: 0.90-0.96; inter-rater: 0.90-0.94), fair to good for the elastic component (test-retest: 0.79-0.88; inter-rater: 0.76-0.76), and fair to high for the viscous component (test-retest: 0.88-0.90; inter-rater: 0.75-0.80). Based on test-retest data, the coefficients of variation for the neural, elastic and viscous components were 25%, 26% and 16%, respectively, and the repeatability coefficients were 1.798, 1.897 and 1.404, respectively. CONCLUSION The NeuroFlexor instrument is a reliable measure of spasticity and of muscle elasticity and viscosity in individuals with wrist and finger muscle resistance to passive stretch after stroke.
Context Switching Semaphore with Data Security Issues using Self-healing Approach

The main objective of a self healing scheme is to share and secure the information of any system at the same time. "Self-healing" techniques ultimately are dependable computing techniques. Specifically self-healing systems have to think for itself without human input, able to boot up backup systems. However, sharing and protection are two contradictory goals. Protection programs may be completely isolated from each other by executing them on separate non- networked computer, however, this precludes sharing.
Numerical modeling of surface plasmon resonance response of fiber optic sensors

In the present work, we have studied the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance by analyzing the detection method. So we have studied the effect of physical and geometric parameters on the spectral response of optical fiber SPR sensors. We have found that this response is strongly dependent on the thickness of the metal layer, the diameter of the core of optical fiber, the length of the sensitive area, and the nature of the metal used. This study is an important step to get the optimization of these sensors.
Cryptococcus neoformans Ca(2+) homeostasis requires a chloride channel/antiporter Clc1 in JEC21, but not in H99.

CLC-type chloride/proton antiporters are required for copper/iron homeostasis in fungi. A relationship between CLCs and Ca(2+) homeostasis has not been found before. Here we demonstrate the requirement of the antiporter CLC1 for Ca(2+) homeostasis/signaling in Cryptococcus neoformans. The deletion of CLC1 in JEC21 resulted in a mutant hypersensitive to cyclosporine A, an inhibitor of calcineurin. Intracellular Ca(2+) deficiency in the mutant Tx1 was confirmed with Fluo-3 staining epi-fluorescence microscopy. Tx1 failed to grow at elevated temperature and in SDS and displayed defects in cell wall integrity and cell separation. This defective phenotype is because of Ca(2+) deficiency that was restorable by exogenous Ca(2+) . In contrast, H99 CLC1 was dispensable for Ca(2+) homeostasis and had no comparable defective consequences if deleted, suggesting divergent roles of CLCs in Ca(2+) homeostasis. Distinct Ca(2+) homeostasis mechanisms may contribute the virulence difference between the two strains. This work reveals a novel action of CLC antiporters in fungi and may provide information as to the evolution of pathogenicity among cryptococcal strains.
Clinical Investigation: The Presence of Viral Meningitis without Pleocytosis among Pediatric Patients

Background: Viral meningitis (VM) is mostly common among infants. Its induction by enteroviruses (EVM) is associated with morbidity and is primarily diagnosed by lumbar puncture, which may yield false negatives. We evaluated the frequency of VM by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among infants with no detected pleocytosis. Furthermore, as literature suggests EVM essentially occurs during summer and fall, we characterized the monthly distribution of EVM cases. Methods: Infants diagnosed with VM from June 2009 to May 2010 were enrolled in the current prospective study. Following each lumbar puncture, CSF was tested for enteroviruses by PCR. Outcome measures were i) the percentage of EVM cases revealed solely by PCR; and ii) the monthly distribution of EVM cases. Results:Enrolled were 173 VM-diagnosed infants, of whom 75 (43.4%) tested positive in CSF-PCR. Of these, no pleocytosis was indicated in 43 (57%), specifically in 70% and 42% of infants younger than 90 days and older than 1 year, respectively. Furthermore, 119 (69%) infants were admitted during June-November while 54 (31%) during December-May. Conclusions:Current findings stress the high frequency of infants who were tested negative for pleocytosis, yet were diagnosed with VM by PCR. This was especially noticeable among infants younger than 3 months, possibly reflecting their decreased ability to mount a robust inflammatory response to EV infection. CSF-PCR may be warranted in pediatric patients who test negative for pleocytosis. While most EVM cases occurred during the summer and fall, EVM-infants were admitted to the hospital all through the year.
Relative clauses in colloquial Armenian : Syntax and typology

This thesis presents a study of the syntax and typology of relative clauses in colloquial Armenian. It proposes a syntactic analysis and classification of the relativization strategies available in Armenian within the framework of existing syntactic theoretical and typological proposals concerning relative clauses, and to identify the decisive factors associated with the distribution of these different strategies. As each of the available strategies is paralleled in other languages of the area, it is possible that language contact will have an impact on the choice of strategy. There is also evidence that the role of the relativized element in the relative clause is relevant for the choice of strategy; in particular, evidence presented in previous studies of Armenian suggests that the distribution of participial RCs may violate the Relativization Accessibility Hierarchy if this is envisaged as operating directly in terms of syntactic grammatical relations.The study is mainly based on data from sound recordings of native speaker consultants from various areas of Armenia, both spontaneous speech and responses to stimuli designed to elicit relative clauses with particular properties that have been proposed to affect the choice of relativization strategy. The relative clauses are entered into a database with filters for relevant features, which contains approximately 2000 examples. The results show that accessibility to relativization is determined by semantic (affectedness) and pragmatic (topicality) role prominence, and by frequent role-reference association patterns, rather than directly by syntactic grammatical relations. This provides a coherent explanation of the apparent Accessibility Hierarchy violations found in Armenian, as well as other phenomena that have proved problematic for syntactic structure-based interpretations of accessibility to relativization.
Peptide modified polymer poly (glycerol- dodecanedioate co-fumarate) for efficient control of motor neuron differentiation

Neural tissue engineering is one of the most promising approaches for healing nerve damage, which bypasses the limits of contemporary conventional treatments. In a previous study, we developed a fibrous scaffold via electrospinning poly (glycerol dodecanedioate) (PGD) and gelatin that mimics the structure of a native extracellular matrix (ECM) for soft tissue engineering application. In this study, fumaric acid (FA) was incorporated into the PGD synthesis process, which produced a PGD derivative referred to as poly (glycerol dodecanedioate co-fumarate) (PGDF). This introduced a new functional group, a double bond, into the polymer thus providing new modification possibilities. Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys (RGDC) and laminin peptides were chosen as biomolecules to modify the fiber and facilitate cell attachment and differentiation efficiency. The release of FA into the medium was quantified to investigate the bioreactivity of the derived scaffolds. In combination with UV crosslinking, the developed PGDF fiber mats were able to withstand degradation processes for up to 2 months, which ensures that neural tissue engineering applications are viable. Cell viability and motor neuron differentiation efficiency were demonstrated to be significantly improved with the addition of FA, RGDC and laminin peptides.