Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union: Refining Strategies for Labor

In a period of declining union membership and severe economic and environmental crisis it is important that labor unions rethink their traditional roles and organizational goals. Responding to some of these problems and reflecting a history of innovative and progressive unionism, the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers Union (OCAW) has sought to address occupational and environmental health problems within the context of a political struggle. This study suggests that by joining with the environmental movement and community activists, by pursuing a strategy of coalition building, and by developing an initiative to build and advocate for a new political party, OCAW provides a model for reinvigorating trade unionism in the United States.
Discovering Puah Rakovsky

Memoirs have served social and cultural historians well. With their anecdotal style, they provide glimpses into the everyday. When written far in the past, the ordinary events they describe make clear to us how much of a foreign country the past is. Thus, both Leon Modena and Glikl of Hameln, living in seventeenth-century Venice and Germany respectively, describe as a matter of course the vulnerability to disease and violence that characterized the European population of their era. When written with an acute consciousness of how the passage of time has changed the society and culture in which they were raised, memoirists can function as involved anthropological participants, carefully noting the customs of their folk. Pauline Wengeroff lovingly describes the patterns of behavior of traditionally observant Russian Jews as she experienced them in the fi rst half of the nineteenth century. Yekhezkel Kotik published his memoirs in 1912 to recount a family saga and to depict the decline of traditional shtetl life. Sometimes memoirists tell a dramatic story, as is the case with Ita Kalish, who broke with her hasidic family after her rebbe fatherʼs death, moved to Warsaw, and kidnapped her daughter to Berlin, before emigrating to Palestine. And sometimes autobiographical writings, like the accounts by Polish adolescents written in the 1930s in response to a contest sponsored by the YIVO, a social science research institute, reveal the bleak daily lives that characterized a period. In all cases, memoirs transmit the values of the time in which they are written and the social positions of their authors more reliably than they recount historical events. Historians of women are particularly dependent on memoirs, and not only to provide anecdotes to enliven our books. Because so much of womenʼs experience has been rooted in the domestic sphere and so much of womenʼs history has been deemed insignifi cant, the documentary evidence of womenʼs lives is far thinner than is the case with men. Women appear less frequently than men in archival documents and published sources. Only in rare cases,
[Taurine inhibited the apoptosis of glial cells induced by hypoxia].

OBJECTIVE To study the anti-apoptosis effect of taurine on hypoxic glial cells. METHODS The glial cells were primarily cultured and divided into three groups, the control group, hypoxia group, and hypoxia + taurine group. The hypoxia model was established by putting cells in a tank filled with oxygen-free mixed gas (95% N2, 5% CO2) with oxygen concentration less than 1%. When the hypoxia time (6 hours) was finished, taurine (3 mmol/L) was added to incubate for hypoxia + taurine group. Finally, the glial cells of all groups were collected for FCM and RT-PCR tests after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. RESULTS The earlier apoptosis rate was (2. 48 ± 0. 92) %, the middle-late apoptosis rate was (2. 97 ± 0. 75) % for 48h hypoxia group, they were significantly higher than the control group (1. 02 ± 0. 44) % (P < 0. 05). The earlier apoptosis rate (1. 39 ± 1. 03) % and middle-late apoptosis rate (1. 62 ± 0. 1) % for 48 h taurine group were significantly lower than the hypoxia group (P <0. 05). The relative expression level of Bax mRNA for hypoxia group increased by five times higher than the control group, and two times than the hypoxia + taurine group (P <0. 05), and that of Bcl-2 mRNA for 48 h hypoxia + taurine group was two times higher than the hypoxia group (P <0. 01). The relative expression levels of HIF-lα mRNA for 24 h and 48 h hypoxia + taurine groups were significantly higher than the hypoxia group (P <0. 01). CONCLUSION Taurine could obviously inhibited the apoptosis of glial cells induced by hypoxia.
A Landau fluid model for warm collisionless plasmas

A Landau fluid model for a collisionless electron-proton magnetized plasma that accurately reproduces the dispersion relation and the Landau damping rate of all the magnetohydrodynamic waves is presented. It is obtained by an accurate closure of the hydrodynamic hierarchy at the level of the fourth-order moments, based on linear kinetic theory. It retains nongyrotropic corrections to the pressure and heat flux tensors up to the second order in the ratio between the considered frequencies and the ion cyclotron frequency.
Error-corrective discriminative joint decoding of automatic spoken language transcription and understanding

Following recent trends in the development of spoken dialogue systems, this paper proposes to improve the performance of the user’s intent extraction by means of joint decoding of automatic spoken language transcription and understanding. Gains are expected not only from a better connectivity and mutual awareness of both tasks but also through the use of discriminant models and integration of an error-corrective intermediate mechanism. This latter is based on a statistical post-editing of the speech recognizer word lattice and conditional random ﬁelds instantiate the former in our system. An overall absolute reduction of 1.1% is observed by direct application of the proposed techniques on the M EDIA task.
SENSIBILIDAD Y ESPECIFICIDAD DEL INDICE DE KROGH POULSEN EN EL DIAGNOSTICO DE LOS TRANSTORNOS TEMPOROMANDIBULARES

Se ha realizado una investigacion clinica con el proposito de evaluar la sensibilidad y especificidad del Indice de exploracion muscular de Krogh Poulsen en 80 pacientes de ambos sexos comprendidos entre 15 y 50 anos que acudieron al Servicio de Odontologia del Hospital Guillermo Almenara. Se realizaron procedimientos de diagnostico de Transtornos Temporomandibulares mediante el Indice de exploracion muscular de Krogh Poulsen y el Indice de Helkimo, que en el presente estudio constituyo el "Patron Dorado". Se aplicaron las formulas de validez basados en la tabla de cuatro casillas y pruebas parametricas de puntaje Z, las variables cualitativas fueron probadas mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado. Los resultados indican una sensibilidad del 78% y especificidad de 100% del Indice de exploracion muscular de Krogh Poulsen, que indica su mayor utilidad en el diagnostico de los individuos verdaderos sanos. Los mas frecuentes de disfuncion fueron la disminucion en apertura y cierre y dolor de ATM.
Oligotrophication and Metabolic Slowing-Down of a NW Mediterranean Coastal Ecosystem

Increased oligotrophication is expected for oligotrophic areas as a consequence of ocean warming, which reduces diffusive vertical nutrient supply due to strengthened stratification. Evidence of ocean oligotrophication has been, thus far, reported for the open ocean. Here we reported oligotrophication and associated changes in plankton community metabolism with warming in a pristine, oligotrophic Mediterranean coastal area (Cap Salines, Mallorca Island, Spain) during a 10 years time series. As a temperate area, there were seasonal patterns associated to changes in the broad temperature range (12.0 - 28.4 oC), with a primary phytoplankton bloom in late winter and a secondary one in the fall. Community respiration (R) rates peaked during summers and showed higher rates relative to gross primary production (GPP) with a prevalence of heterotrophic metabolism (2/3’s of net community production (NCP) estimates). Chlorophyll a concentration significantly decreased with increasing water temperature in the coastal site at a rate of 0.014 ± 0.003 µg Chla L−1 oC−1 (P< 0.0001). The study revealed a significant decrease with time in Chlorophyll a concentration and nutrients concentration, indicating oligotrophication during the last decade. Community productivity consistently decreased with time as both GPP and R showed a significant decline. Warming of the Mediterranean Sea is expected to increase plankton metabolic rates, but the results indicated that the associated oligotrophication must lead to a slowing down of the community metabolism.
Traffic accidents and heavy episodic drinking among university students

Dear Director, Road injury is an important public health problem, whether considering mortality or the associated disability-adjusted life years (World Health Organization 2009). In 2004, traffic accidents represented the ninth leading cause of death in the world and are expected to become the fifth most common cause of death by 2030 (World Health Organization 2009). Although mortality due to road accidents has decreased significantly in the past 2 decades in Spain (World Health Organization 2009), road injury is still the main cause of death among 15to 24-year-olds (Dirección General de Tráfico 2015). Moreover, an upturn in the number of accidents in this age group has been witnessed in the last 5 years (Dirección General de Tráfico 2015). In recent years in Spain, binge drinking or heavy episodic drinking (HED) has replaced the typical Mediterranean pattern of alcohol consumption (characterized by moderate but regular consumption along with meals), especially among young people (Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas 2015). This pattern of alcohol consumption is characterized by the intake of large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time, producing blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) of 0.8 g/L or higher. (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 2004). In fact, in Spain the proportion of young people who reported having been drunk in the last 30 days increased from 25% in 2006 to 32% in 2013 (Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas 2015). Although the Transit Law (Royal Legislative Decree 2015) stipulates that it is a crime to drive with a BAC > 0.3 g/L for those who have held a driver’s license for less than 2 years and 0.5 g/L for all other drivers, several studies have shown that 84% of adolescents and youth have driven with a drunk driver (Espada et al. 2015) and 23% have recognized that they have driven while drunk (Calafat et al. 2008). Several studies carry out in the United States have associated this pattern of consumption with traffic accidents (Cranford et al. 2006; Wechsler and Nelson 2001). We conducted a cohort study between October 2005 and March 2011 within the framework of the Compostela cohort (n = 1,382; Caamaño-Isorna et al. 2008) in order to determine any association between HED and the incidence of traffic accidents among university students. All students were aged 18 years at the beginning of the study. The initial data were collected by self-completed questionnaires distributed to the students during classes. The study was approved by the university ethics
Metodologia de Estudo de Caso com Múltiplas Unidades de Análise e Métodos Combinados para Estudo de Configurações

Os metodos utilizados na Teoria das Configuracoes conseguem somente descrever e analisar parcialmente a multidimensionalidade dinâmica da realidade. A partir da analise comparativa entre metodos propos uma nova metodologia de estudo de caso com multiplas unidades de analise e metodos combinados. Os metodos analisados foram o de Analise Comparativa Qualitativa, o Metodo de Estudo de Caso, mais o Metodo para Estudo de Relacoes com Caracteristicas de Path Dependence. Os resultados permitiram chegar a uma proposta metodologica para o estudo de casos, com multiplas unidades de analise, e que permite comparar as configuracoes ao longo do tempo e analisar complementaridades e equifinalidade entre as dimensoes.
Histomorphometric evaluation of natural mineral combined with a synthetic cell-binding peptide (P-15) in critical-size defects in the rat calvaria.

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to histomorphometrically evaluate the synthetic peptide analog P-15 bound to anorganic bovine mineral (Pepgen/P15) in critical-size defects in the rat calvaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 5-mm-diameter critical-size defect was prepared in 48 rat skulls and divided into 4 equal groups: Pepgen/P15 particles covered by a membrane, Pepgen/P15 particles uncovered, nongrafted membrane-protected sites, and nongrafted uncovered control sites. At 12 weeks, histomorphometric measurements were made of the percentage area of newly formed bone and residual particles, the length of internal and external bone bridging, and linearly, the regenerated marginal and central total tissue augmentation height. RESULTS Nongrafted, membrane-protected sites gained 60.6% of newly formed bone, followed by 50.6% and 44.2% (P < .05 versus membrane only) at the grafted covered and uncovered sites, respectively. All experimental sites contained significantly (P < .005) more bone than did control sites (19.9%). In both types of grafted sites, the percentage area of Pepgen/P15 particles was similar. Mean internal and external length of bone bridging at nongrafted membrane-protected sites (76.7% and 71.2%, respectively) was significantly greater (P < .005) than that of the grafted covered (43.95% and 51.8%, respectively), grafted uncovered (28.7% and 23.9%, respectively), and control (28% and 25.5%, respectively) groups, except for internal bone bridging in the grafted covered sites. Regenerated marginal and central augmentation heights (0.92 mm and 1.02 mm, respectively) were greatest in the grafted covered group, followed by the non-grafted membrane-protected (0.88 mm and 0.51 mm, respectively), and grafted uncovered (0.89 mm and 0.12 mm, respectively) groups, all of which were significantly greater (P < .001) than the control group (0.63 mm and 0.04 mm, respectively). CONCLUSION While anorganic bovine mineral/cell-binding peptide contributes in volume, membrane application significantly increases the amount of bone regeneration.
elt-2, a Second GATA Factor from the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans(*)

We have previously shown that a tandem pair of (A/T)GATA(A/G) sequences in the promoter region of the Caenorhabditis elegans gut esterase gene (ges-1) controls the tissue specificity of ges-1 expression in vivo. The ges-1 GATA region was used as a probe to screen a C. elegans cDNA expression library, and a gene for a new C. elegans GATA-factor (named elt-2) was isolated. The longest open reading frame in the elt-2 cDNA codes for a protein of Mr 47,000 with a single zinc finger domain, similar (approximately 75% amino acid identity) to the C-terminal fingers of all other two-fingered GATA factors isolated to date. A similar degree of relatedness is found with the single-finger DNA binding domains of GATA factors identified in invertebrates. An upstream region in the ELT-2 protein with the sequence C-X2-C-X-C-X2-C has some of the characteristics of a zinc finger domain but is highly diverged from the zinc finger domains of other GATA factors. The elt-2 gene is expressed as an SL1 trans-spliced message, which can be detected at all stages of development except oocytes; however, elt-2 message levels are 5-10-fold higher in embryos than in other stages. The genomic clone for elt-2 has been characterized and mapped near the center of the C. elegans X chromosome. ELT-2 protein, produced by in vitro transcription-translation, binds to ges-1 GATA-containing oligonucleotides similar to a factor previously identified in C. elegans embryo extracts, both as assayed by electrophoretic migration and by competition with wild type and mutant oligonucleotides. However, there is as yet no direct evidence that elt-2 does or does not control ges-1.
Pauli-blocking in the quasideuteron model of photoabsorption.

We calculate the effects of Pauli-blocking in the quasideuteron model of hard photon absorption. Our approach is based upon phase-space considerations and uses Fermi-gas state densities that conserve linear momentum. The Pauli-blocking function that we obtain differs from Levinger's phenomenological exponential factor and yields nuclear photoabsorption cross sections that are in good agreement with experimental data for photon energies up to the pion threshold. The temperature dependence of the nuclear photoabsorption cross section in the quasideuteron regime is also investigated. The model that we use to describe nuclear photoabsorption is particularly suited for application to preequilibrium models of hard photon emission.
Comparison of Methods for Analysis of Clinical [11C]Raclopride Studies

Five different methods for the estimation of the binding potential, a measure of Bmax/Kd, of [11C]raclopride in human striatum were compared using data from a dose ranging study of the neuroleptic CP-88,059-01. Binding potential was estimated indirectly, from distribution volumes in striatum and cerebellum, using both single- and two-tissue compartment models with a metabolite-corrected plasma curve as input function. The two-tissue compartment model was also used for a direct estimate of the binding potential. In addition, a direct estimate was obtained from the reference tissue compartment model using the cerebellum as indirect input function. Finally, an estimate of binding potential was calculated from the ratio of striatum over cerebellum counts at late times after injection. The estimates of striatum binding potential from all methods, except the direct determination using a two-tissue compartment model with metabolite-corrected plasma input function, correlated with each other. Use of an average metabolite correction resulted in only a small reduction in accuracy in this series of normal subjects. The reference tissue model provided estimates of the binding potential with the same sensitivity for detecting changes as those methods that required a metabolite-corrected plasma input function. This indicates that for routine analysis of clinical [11C]raclopride studies, no arterial cannulation is required. The range of normal values was significantly less variable with the reference tissue method than when simple striatum-to-cerebellum ratios were used.
Smart Sensing of Loads in an Extra Low Voltage DC Pico-Grid Using Machine Learning Techniques

Aiming at the rising number of dc appliances and the growing interest in their monitoring systems, this paper describes the injection of intelligence into dc pico-grids that are made up of “dumb” appliances and loads. Due to reality of economic, dc appliances and loads are usually low in cost and lack intelligence and communication features for effective monitoring and management. This paper proposes a smart sensor design for dc pico-grid with the use of a single sensor multiple loads and states detection in monitoring the “dumb” appliances. This eliminates the need to have intelligence and communication features for every appliance. With the smart sensor, several such smart dc pico-grids can be bundled into bigger scale of smart nano-grid or micro-grid. In addition to knowing how much energy or power the pico-grid is using, the smart sensor also provides load disaggregation and state-change detection. The states of the loads can be learned and detected via the signatures and features obtained from the transient state or the steady state of the entire grid’s current waveform. Computational intelligence techniques, $k$ -nearest neighbors, $K$ -means clustering, and other algorithms are used in the system for loads classification and state-change detection. Working together with the software in the smart sensor is hardware implementation of low cost operational amplifiers and logic gates; these hardware help to share the burden on the controller and release resources for the controller to perform more advanced processes. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the operation of the smart sensor in dc pico-grid.
Vitamin E and immune response. I. Enhancement of helper T cell activity by dietary supplementation of vitamin E in mice.

The effects of vitamin E on the humoral immune response to hamster erythrocytes (HRBC) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP) were studied in mice. Inbred SL mice were fed on a diet supplemented with 0, 20 or 200 mg of vitamin E per kg of food throughout the course of experiments. These mice were immunized primarily with HRBC 50 days after the beginning of treatment with vitamin E supplementation. Secondary immunization with TNP—HRBC, a hapten-carrier conjugate, was given 28 days after primary immunization with HRBC. Anti-HRBC and anti-TNP haemagglutinin titres were increased by supplementing mice with vitamin E. Moreover, the effect of previous priming of mice with HRBC on the hapten-specific antibody response to immunization with TNP-HRBC was also enhanced by vitamin E supplementation. These effects of vitamin E were dose-dependent, and vitamin E as tocopheryl acetate exerted more effect than vitamin E as tocopheryl nicotinate. In experiments with the mouse inbred strain DDD, vitamin E seemed to facilitate the shift of antibody production from IgM to IgG. Initial IgM response and late IgG response were not augmented by treating mice with vitamin E supplementation. These findings suggested that vitamin E stimulated the helper activity of T lymphocytes. This was confirmed using an adoptive transfer system involving stimulation of hapten-primed cells by a hapten-carrier conjugate in the presence of carrier-primed helper cells.
PCRAM-assisted ECC management for enhanced data reliability in flash storage systems

Recent advance in per-cell bit density and semiconductor technology for NAND flash memories have led to significant cost reduction in non-volatile storage implementation. However, the reliability of data stored in flash memory has dramatically decreased, requiring an efficient mechanism to detect and correct bit errors during read and write operations of the data. For this purpose, when user data are often written into a flash page, an Error Correction Code (ECC) for the data is generated and stored in the spare area of the page. ECCs tend to become longer to correct more bit errors, sometimes beyond what is affordable by the spare area. In order to cope with this problem, there have been many attempts to keep ECCs in the data area, as opposed to the spare area of the flash memory. However, an additional mapping mechanism is required to locate ECCs for a given data page, and the program time and cycle are increased due to reading/storing the ECCs. In this paper, we present a novel ECC management mechanism with an assist from PCM for NAND flash storage systems. This technique uses PCM as a temporal storage to store ECCs for the data in log blocks. Later, the pages in log blocks are merged into data blocks with their ECCs kept in the PCM. Our experimental results show that the overhead from ECC management has been improved by 57% and 69% over previous attempts in BAST and FAST mapping schemes, respectively.
Augmented conceptual analysis of the web

In the history of computing, there has been nothing comparable to the World Wide Web. No one predicted the Web or its unprecedented growth, which continues almost unabated today. The purpose of this workshop is to gain some perspective on the rapidly changing landscape of the Web by driving up the level of abstraction in considering significant Web phenomena. We seek to create conceptual leverage to augment our understanding of what the Web is, and what it will become in the future.