Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Determining Polynomial Evaluation Structures for Fpga Based Custom Computing Machines

In this paper we identify and present techniques for determining and constructing parallel evaluation structures for polynomials on Custom Computing Machines (CCMs). Since CCMs achieve high throughput rates by the eeective use of pipelining, our primary interest is of the construction of resource eecient structures for any given polynomial P(x). Speciically, we consider CCMs whose conngurable logic resource exists as a set of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). We target our polynomial structure implementations for FPGAs and show how to construct them conscious of area requirements. Compared to known evaluation techniques for traditionally known parallel processing paradigms, our results are justiied for providing low area parallel evaluation structures on CCMs.
Effect of foreign military intervention and controlled territory on the operational tempo of al-Shabaab attacks

Abstract Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen (commonly referred to as al-Shabaab) is the largest radical Islamist organization in Somalia and one of the oldest Islamist militant groups operating in Africa. This article analyzes the effects of foreign military intervention and the ability of the group to control territory on the operational tempo of al-Shabaab’s terrorist campaign. We examine the monthly distribution of attacks for 1050 successful attacks that occurred between December 2007 and December 2014 to assess fluctuation in operational tempo. A multivariate model is specified to estimate the impact of prior operational tempo, external military intervention, and the group’s ability to control territory within Somalia on variation in current operational tempo. Precipitation is included in the model as a variable to control for the effect of the rainy season in sub-Saharan Africa, which potentially reduces the group’s operational tempo by limiting its mobility. Focusing on the patterns associated with individual attacks over time and their relationship to internal and external influences provides insights into the role that prior operational tempo, controlled territory, and foreign military intervention play in facilitating or constraining the operational dynamics of the al-Shabaab terrorist organization, which may be replicated by groups operating elsewhere that combine insurgency with terrorism.
Trajectories of impairment, social support, and depressive symptoms in later life.

OBJECTIVE Research has increasingly focused on the dynamic nature of disability and depressive symptoms in later life. Little research, however, has modeled disability and depressive symptoms as dynamic, related processes. Furthermore, virtually no research has considered social support as dynamic across age. Here, we investigate the relationship between long-term patterns of disability, perceived and received social support, and depressive symptoms in later life. METHODS We use random coefficient (growth) models of four waves of Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly data to determine whether disability, support, and depressive symptoms follow linear trajectories across age and whether support mediates the relationship between disability and depressive symptoms. RESULT The results show that (a) trajectories of disability are strongly related to trajectories of depressive symptoms and (b) trajectories of perceived support mediate the relationship between trajectories of disability and depressive symptoms, whereas trajectories of received support do not. DISCUSSION Disability, social support, and depressive symptoms are strongly interrelated processes in later life. Our results are consistent with previous research in showing that perceived, rather than received, support mediates the relationship between disability and depressive symptoms, but our results extend previous research in showing that this mediation occurs across time.
Augmented reality system for inventorying

This article presents and describes the implementation of an augmented reality system to assist in the task of warehouse inventory. The proposed system integrates an augmented reality engine (NyARToolkitCS) with a QR Code library. This integration enables users to capture product codes add the product's information to the view of the product itself. This article also presents the challenges for developing this system, the adopted architecture and the tested threshold algorithms. These algorithms were evaluated under real environment conditions‥
Chance as a new foundation for logic

With this paper I start the investigation of the following claim: logic (and mathematics) is reliable because it is rooted on the laws of chance. To show this I introduce a stochastic semantics for logic where propositions are interpreted into sets of observables (i.e. sets of trajectories of suitable stochastic processes) whose elements describe some symmetries of chance. A validity theorem is proved for this semantic.
Dimensions for the analysis of conflicts between business and technological models in privacy-enhancing solutions for electronic commerce

Privacy is a concept of variable social importance across communities. Solutions for privacy-enhancing electronic commerce are reactions, as a social response, to the concerns generated about business activities carried out through digital means. As social and business response, these solutions are representations of a desired improved reality oriented to solve a given problem: the potential problems and costs associated with losing privacy. Thus, these solutions are developed under the transparent and non-spoken rules generated by different metaphors, biases and ontologies of given social embeddedness, business and technological models. This paper presents a framework to assess the coherence of privacy-enhancing technologies for electronic commerce by analyzing the interaction and conflicts between the technological and business dimensions in meeting the social standards of the fundamental characteristics of privacy. Societal dimensions of privacy for the analysis of e-commerce technologies Privacy concerns arising from technologies are not new, during the last decade of the nineteenth-century; Warren and Brandeis were concern about people’s privacy as result of the effect of new technologies -use of photography in newspapersand stated "[r]ecent inventions * This work was funded in part by NSF CAREER Grant # 9985433 and a grant from the East Asian Institute at Harvard ** Carlos Osorio is Research Associate at the Center for International Development at Harvard University, and Visiting Scientist at MIT Media Lab. Country of origin: CHile. *** L. Jean Camp is Assistant Professor of Public Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. Country of origin: United States of America Copyrights © 2002 by Carlos Osorio and L. Jean Camp.
A short introduction to the coalgebraic method

This article contains a brief introduction to coalgebra and an overview of a recent proof of correctness for Brzozowski's algorithm which uses coalgebraic techniques. In the discussion section we briefly discuss the most active research lines in the coalgebra community and take a personal outlook at what future might bring for the field.
Power conditioning supercapacitors in combination with batteries for stand-alone power systems

Stand-alone power systems are a challenging option to supply remote equipments in many applications. They include renewable energy generators whose intermittent power supply requires an appropriate energy storage component to balance the power mismatch between the generation and the demand. Batteries are the obvious choice for this purpose. However, the irregular fluctuations and hard transients would fast degrade their performance. Many solutions based on the combination of supercapacitors and batteries have been presented in literature, so that the hard transients are supplied or absorbed by the supercapacitors. This paper intends to study some of these systems topologies and control strategies, presenting simulation results of their performance in a stand-alone power system.
TsinghuaAligner: A Statistical Bilingual Word Alignment System

Figure 1 shows a (romanized) Chinese sentence, an English sentence, and the word alignment between them. The links highlighted in blue indicate the correspondence between Chinese and English words. Word alignment is a challenging task because both the lexical choices and word orders in two languages are significantly different. For example, the English function words “the” and “a” have no counterparts in Chinese. In addition, a verb phrase (e.g., “made a speech”) is usually followed by a prepositional phrase (e.g., “at New York”) in English but the order is reversed in Chinese. TsinghuaAligner is statistical bilingual word alignment system that takes a set of parallel sentences as input and produces word alignment automatically. It has the following features:
Professional Development Quality in U.S. Music Education: An Analysis of the 2011–2012 Schools and Staffing Survey

The purpose of this study was to compare differences in the quality of professional development between U.S. music educators and teachers of other disciplines. Data were drawn from the 2011–2012 Schools and Staffing Survey. Factors such as types of professional development, quantity of activities, and levels of satisfaction were analyzed through a series of multiple regressions to determine the relationships between professional development quality for teachers of music and non-music disciplines. Results indicated that music educators were significantly less likely to collaborate with other educators on issues of instruction and engaged in significantly less technology-related professional activity; however, music educators reported significantly higher levels of satisfaction with content-specific professional activity and engaged in significantly more content-specific activity than some higher-stakes disciplines. In light of educational policies and trends, the common assumption that music educators are generally less supported within their schools does not hold true. Implications of this study include the need for music educators to participate in more collaborative forms of professional development. This study also suggests that all educators should receive more time spent in professional learning congruent to the level of engagement espoused by research literature.
Certification-cognizant real-time scheduling for mixed-criticality tasks in avionics system

Moving from the traditional federated design paradigm, integration of different multi-criticality functionalities onto common computing platforms is increasingly being adopted by avionics industry, driven primarily by cost and related concerns. The design of such mixed-criticality real-time systems has been recognized to be a very important but challenging problem given that safety-critical functionalities with different criticality levels must be certified correct by statutory certification authorities (CAs) at varying levels of rigorousness. Traditionally, these certification requirements are addressed by assuming the highest criticality level for all the functionalities, which is rather pessimistic, however, since certifying at the highest criticality level implies the highest degree of assurance regarding the correct behavior of all the functionalities which need to be guaranteed by over-provisioning the required resources. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new design and analysis techniques that are able to facilitate the cerfitication process while efficiently utilizing the computing resources. In this paper, we focus on scheduling and schedulability analysis problem for certifiable mixed-criticality real-time system on a uniprocessor platform. Firstly the widely-used traditional job model is generalized to mixed-criticality scenario where multiple different WCET values are specified for each job to reflect temporal constraints at all different levels of assurance. Then further investigation is conducted into an existing mixed-criticality scheduling strategy called Criticality Based Earliest Deadline First, the basic idea of which is to reserve time intervals for higher criticality jobs offline, while scheduling lower criticality jobs online at run-time using the so-called free slacks. However, the corresponding schedulability condition turns out to be incorrect. On the basis of this observation, an improved deadline-based dynamic mixed-criticality scheduling algorithm is proposed considering the design-for-certification issue, along with a revised sufficient schedulability condition deduced. And experiments conducted on randomly generated instances of jobs indicate that the proposed approach is effective and efficient.
Molecular Similarities in the Ligand Binding Pockets of an Odorant Receptor and the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors*

The 5.24 odorant receptor is an amino acid sensing receptor that is expressed in the olfactory epithelium of fish. The 5.24 receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor that shares amino acid sequence identity to mammalian pheromone receptors, the calcium-sensing receptor, the T1R taste receptors, and the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). It is most potently activated by the basic amino acids l-lysine and l-arginine. In this study we generated a homology model of the ligand binding domain of the 5.24 receptor based on the crystal structure of mGluR1 and examined the proposed lysine binding pocket using site-directed mutagenesis. Mutants of truncated glycosylated versions of the receptor containing only the extracellular domain were analyzed in a radioligand binding assay, whereas the analogous full-length membrane-bound mutants were studied using a fluorescence-based functional assay. In silico analysis predicted that aspartate 388 interacts with the terminal amino group on the side chain of the docked lysine molecule. This prediction was supported by experimental observations demonstrating that mutation of this residue caused a 26-fold reduction in the affinity for l-lysine but virtually no change in the affinity for the polar amino acid l-glutamine. In addition, mutations in four highly conserved residues (threonine 175, tyrosine 223, and aspartates 195 and 309) predicted to establish interactions with the α amino group of the bound lysine ligand greatly reduced or eliminated binding and receptor activation. These results define the essential features of amino acid selectivity within the 5.24 receptor binding pocket and highlight an evolutionarily conserved motif required for ligand recognition in amino acid activated receptors in the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily.
Real Causes of the Global Economic Crisis

Discussions of the international dimension of the global economic crisis have frequently focussed on the build-up of large current account imbalancessince the mid-1990s. Although developments in the integration of capital markets may have facilitated the nancing of the U.S. current account de cit, this paper focuses on what may have caused this build-up in the rst place. In particular, it examines whether the U.S. current account and international comovement since the mid1990s can be understood in a purely real two-country DSGE model in which agents perceptions of the trend growth rate of the home country relative to the rest of the world evolve over time. Changes in perceived trend growth consistent with survey expectations are, under certain parametrizations of our model, capable of explaining the evolution of the U.S. current account. Conclusions regarding comovement across countries in response to changes in perceived home-country trend growth  the global dimension of the crisis depend sensitively on the speci cation of preferences. Changes in perceived trend productivity growth are equivalent to news about future productivity levels. This motivates the use of preferences in the spirit of Jaimovich and Rebelo (2009), which improves comovement predictions of the model along a number of dimensions. JEL Codes: E13, E32, D83, O40. Keywords: Open economy DSGE models, trend growth, Kalman lter, real-time data. We thank Dale Henderson, Heinz Herrmann, Robert Kollmann, Enrique Mendoza, Gernot Müller, Mathias Trabandt, and participants of the Bundesbank Workshop on Global Imbalances and the Crisis, seminar participants at the Sveriges Riksbank and at Würzburg University for very useful comments and discussions. Laubach gratefully acknowledges the hospitality and nancial support of the Bundesbank. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reect those of the Deutsche Bundesbank or its sta¤. Axiom 1 The fundamental things apply / As time goes by Casablanca (1942)
Types for Nominal Rewriting ?

We define a type inference system for Nominal Rewriting where the types associated to terms are polymorphic (built from a set of base data sorts, type variables, and user-defined type constructors). In contrast with standard term rewriting systems or the λ-calculus, a typing environment for nominal rewriting includes type information for atoms, variables and function symbols. We give a syntax-directed system of typing rules associating types to terms, and show that every typable term has a principal type in a given environment. Type inference is decidable; moreover, rewriting preserves types when rules are typable.
Experiments in Automated Identification of Ambiguous Natural-Language Requirements

Recent research indicates that a significant proportion of the failures observed in operational space mission systems can be traced back to ambiguous requirements. Frequently, the functionality and behavior specified by the defective requirement is insufficiently detailed (e.g., information about the expected operational context is missing) or the requirement is phrased so as to permit multiple interpretations. Recent analysis of several thousand anomalies observed in operational space missions shows that about 20% are due to either operator error or faulty procedures. Again, many of these anomalies can be traced back to requirements exhibiting the same types of ambiguities. Since a typical space mission is specified by several thousand requirements, a significant amount of effort may need to be expended to discover ambiguous requirements. Many development organizations still conduct this type of discovery manually, after the requirements have been specified – in addition to requiring significant effort, manual analysis is also error-prone. Previous work has shown the utility of machine learners and simple natural language processing techniques (e.g., parts of speech tagging) for supporting the identification of a relatively small number of temporal requirements within a large body of system requirements. We extend this work to the problem of identifying the ambiguous requirements within the complete set of requirements for the flight and ground components of a recently-launched space mission. Initial results indicate that these techniques can be effective in automatically identifying ambiguous requirements. Unlike heuristic techniques, new learning models for identifying ambiguous requirements can be developed as mission requirements and vocabularies evolve.
Modeling of Static Series Voltage Regulator (SSVR) in Distribution Systems for Voltage Improvement and Loss Reduction

This paper introduces the modeling of Static Series Voltage Regulator (SSVR) in the load flow calculations for steady-state voltage compensation and loss reduction. For this approach, an accurate model for SSVR is derived to use in load flow calculations. The rating of this device as well as direction of required reactive power injection to compensate voltage to the desired value (1 p.u. ) is derived, discussed analytically, and mathematically using phasor diagram method. Since performance of SSVR varies when it reaches to its maximum capacity, modeling of SSVR in its maximum rating of reactive power injection is derived. The validity of the proposed model is examined using two standard distribution systems consisting of 33 and 69 nodes, respectively. The best location of SSVR for under voltage problem mitigation and loss reduction in the distribution systems is determined, separately. The results show the validity of the proposed model for SSVR in large distribution systems.
Combinatorial Binding in Human and Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Identifies Conserved Enhancers Active in Early Embryonic Development

Transcription factors are proteins that regulate gene expression by binding to cis-regulatory sequences such as promoters and enhancers. In embryonic stem (ES) cells, binding of the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG is essential to maintain the capacity of the cells to differentiate into any cell type of the developing embryo. It is known that transcription factors interact to regulate gene expression. In this study we show that combinatorial binding is strongly associated with co-localization of the transcriptional co-activator Mediator, H3K27ac and increased expression of nearby genes in embryonic stem cells. We observe that the same loci bound by Oct4, Nanog and Sox2 in ES cells frequently drive expression in early embryonic development. Comparison of mouse and human ES cells shows that less than 5% of individual binding events for OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG are shared between species. In contrast, about 15% of combinatorial binding events and even between 53% and 63% of combinatorial binding events at enhancers active in early development are conserved. Our analysis suggests that the combination of OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG binding is critical for transcription in ES cells and likely plays an important role for embryogenesis by binding at conserved early developmental enhancers. Our data suggests that the fast evolutionary rewiring of regulatory networks mainly affects individual binding events, whereas “gene regulatory hotspots” which are bound by multiple factors and active in multiple tissues throughout early development are under stronger evolutionary constraints.
The VizieR database of astronomical catalogues

VizieR is a database grouping in an homoge- neous way thousands of astronomical catalogues gath- ered for decades by the Centre de Donn ees de Strasbourg (CDS) and participating institutes. The history and cur- rent status of this large collection is briefly presented, and the way these catalogues are being standardized to t in the VizieR system is described. The architecture of the database is then presented, with emphasis on the man- agement of links and of accesses to very large catalogues. Several query interfaces are currently available, making use of the ASU protocol, for browsing purposes or for use by other data processing systems such as visualisa- tion tools.
Gender Differences in School-Family Conflict and School-Family Enrichment in Nontraditional Portuguese Students

Abstract In recent years, higher education institutions have made efforts to attract people who are either in the labor market or unemployed to the educational system. Accordingly, the participation of nontraditional students in postsecondary education has been increasing over the years in Portugal, including working students and working student parents. This growing phenomenon has received relatively little empirical attention since few country-level studies have been conducted targeting the combination of school with other life roles with a nontraditional student population enrolled in postsecondary education. The current study investigates the combination of school with other life roles for nontraditional Portuguese students enrolled in postsecondary education. Participants were 73 working student parents (enrolled in full‐time undergraduate programs). Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was used to test the model. The coexistence of school-family conflict and school-family enrichment was found. Gender differences on the antecedent variables of school-family conflict and enrichment were also found, emphasizing the advantage in examining conflict and enrichment experiences simultaneously and by gender when investigating school and family relations. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.