Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laser cutting of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet.

Magnesium and magnesium alloys are being increasingly used in various areas of industries due to their low densities and high specific strength. In this research, extruded sheets of AZ31 magnesium alloy were machined by a carbon dioxide laser. Without surface coatings to raise an absorption of laser beam, sheets of 1 mm thickness were able to cut successfully at the condition of beam power 400 W and feeding speed 25 mm/s. Average height of drosses was about 300 μm when feeding speed was larger than 12 mm/s. Furthermore, by using argon as assist gas, processing damages like cracks and pores were inhibited. However, oxidation of the laser-cut surfaces was not depressed perfectly, some oxides were observed in drosses and at the top edge of cut surface. The thickness of melted and re-solidified layer was 7 μm at the upper part of cut surface and 24 μm at the lower part. The re-solidified layer consisted of 2 thin layers at the lower part of cut surface. Refined pores less than 1 μm were observed at the interface of these 2 layers.
Eurographics Workshop on Rendering (2002) Textured Depth Meshes for Real-time Rendering of Arbitrary Scenes

This paper presents a new approach to generate textured depth meshes (TDMs), an impostor-based scene representation that can be used to accelerate the rendering of static polygonal models. The TDMs are precalculated for a fixed viewing region (view cell). The approach relies on a layered rendering of the scene to produce a voxel-based representation. Secondary, a highly complex polygon mesh is constructed that covers all the voxels. Afterwards, this mesh is simplified using a special error metric to ensure that all voxels stay covered. Finally, the remaining polygons are resampled using the voxel representation to obtain their textures. The contribution of our approach is manifold: first, it can handle polygonal models without any knowledge about their structure. Second, only scene parts that may become visible from within the view cell are represented, thereby cutting down on impostor complexity and storage costs. Third, an error metric guarantees that the impostors are practically indistinguishable compared to the original model (i.e. no rubber-sheet effects or holes appear as in most previous approaches). Furthermore, current graphics hardware is exploited for the construction and use of the impostors.
Efficient and decentralized computation of approximate global state

The need for efficient computation of approximate global state lies at the heart of a wide range of problems in distributed systems. Examples include routing in the Internet, sensor fusion, search in peer-to-peer networks, coordinated intrusion detection, and Top-K queries in stream-oriented databases. Efficient algorithms that determine approximate global state could enable near-optimal local decision-making with little overhead. In this position paper, we model this problem and summarize recent work on randomized algorithms that navigate a four-way tradeo between accuracy, robustness, performance and overhead. Despite these recent successes, many open problems remain. We believe that solving these problems can radically improve the design of robust, efficient and self-managed distributed systems
Construction of a mouse blastocyst cDNA library by PCR amplification from total RNA

Studies of the development and differentiation of early mammalian embryos have been severely limited by the paucity of material. Such studies have been largely restricted to the examination of abundant genes/proteins or to developmental expression studies of known genes for which DNA sequence data are available, allowing the use of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification (RT‐PCR). To eliminate the need for hundreds or thousands of oocytes or embryos in the construction of representative cDNA libraries, we describe a technique for generating and cloning cDNA using small caesium chloride gradient centrifugation to isolate total RNA from oocytes or embryos, followed by RT‐PCR of mRNA from this total RNA. Total RNA was isolated from 70 mouse blastocysts. A portion of the cDNA generated (equivalent to seven blastocysts) was cloned, yielding a mouse blastocyst cDNA library of 1 million clones. We show that the library is representative in that it contains β‐actin, intracisternal A‐type particles, tissue plasminogen activator, and B1 and B2 repetitive elements in frequencies comparable with published data from conventionally constructed libraries and estimates of mRNA abundance from expression studies. Furthermore, DNA sequencing of 22 clones chosen at random and compared with DNA sequence databases shows that approximately half are novel sequences. These data demonstrate that representative cDNA libraries can be constructed in situations where cell numbers are limiting and will facilitate the isolation of novel and interesting clones. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantification of Pelvic Tilt and Rotation by Width/Height Ratio of Obturator Foramina on Anteroposterior Radiographs

Objective Compared to sagittal pelvic tilt, only a few studies have examined axial rotation on anteroposterior radiographs. We therefore quantified 3-D pelvic rotation using the width and height ratio of the obturator foramina under the various pelvic tilts. Methods Using CT reconstructions of 10 healthy pelvises, anterior pelvic planes (APPs) were rotated by 20° in 5° increments on the axial plane with various degrees of sagittal pelvic tilt. The correlation between the pelvic rotation angle and the width ratio (WR) in the axial plane and the height/width ratio (H/W) in the sagittal plane were examined. Results Axial pelvic rotation and WR showed a high linear correlation regardless of the sagittal tilt, with the correlation coefficient ranging from 0.93 to 0.98 in males and 0.87 to 0.95 in females. The angle that resulted in a WR of 1:2 was approximately 13° in males and 18° in females. H/W also showed a linear regression with sagittal tilt. Axial rotation was determined by the following equation incorporating pelvic tilts; axial rotation (male:female) = (19.9:24.2) + (2.1:3.6) × Hright/Wright + (0.9:1.5) × Hleft/Wleft - (23.2:25.1) × WR. Conclusions Pelvic tilt and rotation could be quantified by the equation using width and height ratios of the obturator foramina on a plain anteroposterior radiograph. Width and height ratios of the obturator foramina proved to be useful parameters in clinical practice for understanding pelvic rotation.
Intra-and InterNetwork Functional Alterations in Parkinson ’ s Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is prevalent in 15%–40% of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients at diagnosis. In this investigation, we study brain intraand inter-network alterations in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in recently diagnosed PD patients and characterise them as either cognitive normal (PD-NC) or with MCI (PD-MCI). Patients were divided into two groups, PD-NC (N 5 62) and PD-MCI (N 5 37) and for comparison, healthy controls (HC, N 5 30) were also included. Intraand inter-network connectivity were investigated from participants’ rsfMRIs in 26 resting state networks (RSNs). Intra-network differences were found between both patient Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. Luis R. Peraza and David Nesbitt shared first authorship. Conflict of interest: None. Contract grant sponsors: ICICLE-PD study was funded by Parkinson’s UK (J-0802), Lockhart Parkinson’s Disease Research Fund, and The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research; Contract grant sponsor: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) based at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University. *Correspondence to: Luis R. Peraza, Biomedical Research Building 3rd floor, Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University. Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, United Kingdom. E-mail: luis.peraza-rodriguez@newcastle.ac. uk Received for publication 11 May 2016; Revised 16 October 2016; Accepted 7 December 2016. DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23499 Published online 13 January 2017 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). r Human Brain Mapping 38:1702–1715 (2017) r VC 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. groups and HCs for networks associated with motor control (motor cortex), spatial attention and visual perception. When comparing both PD-NC and PD-MCI, intra-network alterations were found in RSNs related to attention, executive function and motor control (cerebellum). The inter-network analysis revealed a hyper-synchronisation between the basal ganglia network and the motor cortex in PD-NC compared with HCs. When both patient groups were compared, intra-network alterations in RSNs related to attention, motor control, visual perception and executive function were found. We also detected disease-driven negative synchronisations and synchronisation shifts from positive to negative and vice versa in both patient groups compared with HCs. The hyper-synchronisation between basal ganglia and motor cortical RSNs in PD and its synchronisation shift from negative to positive compared with HCs, suggest a compensatory response to basal dysfunction and altered basal-cortical motor control in the resting state brain of PD patients. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1702–1715, 2017. VC 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Probabilistic Model for Constructing Healthcare Episodes

Episode creation describes the task of classifying medical events and related clinical data to a high-level concept, such as a disease, illness or care. Traditional approaches to the problem have been limited to feature-poor claims records utilizing simplistic strategies such as rules, filters and code transformations. However, these approaches have suffered a number of shortcomings including: inconsistencies in defining episodes; lack of sufficient information to infer episodes; and differences in methods for diagnosing and resolving episodes. With the advent of the electronic medical record, which contains multiple sources of patient-related information, data is now accessible to construct more accurate and refined episodes. A probabilistic model is described that utilizes features extracted from different medical repositories (e.g., claims records, structured medical reports) to guide a context-sensitive combinatorial approach for associating medical data contained in a patient’s record with their underlying episodes. Results from a preliminary evaluation of our prototype on a set of knee pain episodes is presented.
Deriving Data Dependence from/for UML State Machine Diagrams

Slicing is a well-known reduction technique in many areas such as debugging, maintenance, and testing, and thus, there has been considerable research in the application of slicing techniques to models at the design level. UML state machine diagrams can properly describe the behavior of large software systems at the design level. The slicing of UML state machine diagrams is helpful for their maintenance. But it is difficult to apply a slicing algorithm to automatically reduce the diagrams with respect to slicing criteria, because of the unique properties of these diagrams, such as hierarchy and orthogonality. These properties make constructing a data dependence graph highly complicated. Hierarchy between states leads to implicit paths between states, which may affect data dependence. Also, orthogonality (i.e., parallelism) can cause an intransitivity problem when tracing data dependence. In this paper, we discuss an approach to address such problems. We first construct a control flow graph, which explicitly describes all possible transitions; and a hierarchy graph, which depicts the hierarchical structure of state machine diagram. Next we retrieve data dependence information and construct a dependence graph across different levels. We also show how data dependence information is retrieved, by virtue of ATM example.
Near‐tropical subsurface ice on Mars

Near‐surface perennial water ice on Mars has been previously inferred down to latitudes of about 45° and could result from either water vapor diffusion through the regolith under current conditions or previous ice ages precipitations. In this paper we show that at latitudes as low as 25° in the southern hemisphere buried water ice in the shallow (<1 m) subsurface is required to explain the observed surface distribution of seasonal CO2 frost on pole facing slopes. This result shows that possible remnants of the last ice age, as well as water that will be needed for the future exploration of Mars, are accessible significantly closer to the equator than previously thought, where mild conditions for both robotic and human exploration lie.
Improving Topic Model Clustering of Newspaper Comments for Summarisation

Online newspaper articles can accumulate comments at volumes that prevent close reading. Summarisation of the comments allows interaction at a higher level and can lead to an understanding of the over-all discussion. Comment summarisation requires topic clustering, comment ranking and extraction. Clustering must be robust as the subsequent extraction relies on a good set of clusters. Comment data, as with many social media datasets, contains very short documents and the number of words in the documents is a limiting factors on the performance of LDA clustering. We evaluate whether we can combine comments to form larger documents to improve the quality of clusters. We ﬁnd that combining comments with comments that reply to them produce the highest quality clusters.
The Wirthm¨uller Isomorphism Revisited

We show how the formal Wirthmüller isomorphism theorem proven in [2] simplifies the proof of the Wirthmüller isomorphism in equivariant stable homotopy theory. Other examples from equivariant stable homotopy theory show that the hypotheses of the formal Wirthmüller and formal Grothendieck isomorphism theorems in [2] cannot be weakened.
Recognizing Spatial Containment Relations between Event Mentions

In this paper, we present an approach for recognizing spatial containment relations that hold between event mentions. Event mentions refer to real-world events that have spatio-temporal properties. While the temporal aspect of event relations has been well-studied, the spatial aspect has received relatively little attention. The difficulty in this task is the highly implicit nature of event locations in discourse. We present a supervised method that is designed to capture both explicit and implicit spatial relation information. Our approach outperforms the only known previous method by a 14 point increase in F1-measure.
Modeling Variations of First-Order Horn Abduction in Answer Set Programming

We study abduction in First Order Horn logic theories where all atoms can be abduced and we are looking for prefered solutions with respect to objective functions cardinality minimality, Coherence, or Weighted Abduction. We represent this reasoning problem in Answer Set Programming (ASP), in order to obtain a flexible framework for experimenting with global constraints and objective functions, and to test the boundaries of what is possible with ASP, because realizing this problem in ASP is challenging as it requires value invention and equivalence between certain constants as the Unique Names Assumption does not hold in general. For permitting reasoning in cyclic theories, we formally describe fine-grained variations of limiting Skolemization. We evaluate our encodings and extensions experimentally on the ACCEL benchmark for plan recognition in Natural Language Understanding. Our encodings are publicly available, modular, and our approach is more efficient than state-of-the-art solvers on the ACCEL benchmark. We identify term equivalence as a main instantiation bottleneck, and experiment with on-demand constraints that were used to eliminate the same bottleneck in state-of-the-art solvers and make them applicable for larger datasets. Surprisingly, experiments show that this method is beneficial only for cardinality minimality with our ASP encodings.
Division site placement in E.coli: mutations that prevent formation of the MinE ring lead to loss of the normal midcell arrest of growth of polar MinD membrane domains

The MinE protein functions as a topological specificity factor in determining the site of septal placement in Escherichia coli. MinE assembles into a membrane‐associated ring structure near midcell and directs the localization of MinD and MinC into a membrane‐ associated polar zone that undergoes a characteristic pole‐to‐pole oscillation cycle. Single (green fluorescent protein) and double label (yellow fluorescent protein/cyan fluorescent protein) fluorescence labeling experiments showed that mutational alteration of a site on the α‐face of MinE led to a failure to assemble the MinE ring, associated with loss of the ability to support a normal pattern of division site placement. The absence of the MinE ring did not prevent the assembly and disassembly of the MinD polar zone. Mutant cells lacking the MinE ring were characterized by the growth of MinD polar zones past their normal arrest point near midcell. The results suggested that the MinE ring acts as a stop‐growth mechanism to prevent the MinCD polar zone from extending beyond the midcell division site.
Electrospinning as a powerful technique for biomedical applications: a critically selected survey

Abstract Nowadays, electrospinning has become one of the most versatile, easy, and cost-effective techniques to engineer advanced materials used for many applications, especially in the biomedical and environmental areas. Like the numerous patents around the world, the increasing number of papers witnesses the huge potential of this simple process, and many companies have been emerged during the last years to exploit its innumerable applications. This article presents a critically selected overview of polymers that can be used to produce nanofibers, along with the biomedical applications of the resulting electrospun scaffolds. We have focused on about seven natural and synthetic polymers, but many more can be found in the literature, either as their pristine state or as composites with ceramics, metals, and other polymers. The description of some strategies for nanofiber production, and the characterization used to evaluate their optimization, has been discussed. Finally, several polymers have been recognized as highlights for future work.
Architectural support for high speed protection of memory integrity and confidentiality in multiprocessor systems

Recently there is a growing effort in both the architecture and the security community to create a hardware solution for authenticating system memory. As shown in the previous work, hardware-based memory authentication becomes a vital component for creating future trusted computing environments and digital rights protection. Almost all these prior work have focused on authenticating memory exclusively owned by a single processing element. However, in today's computing platforms, memory is often shared by multiple processing elements that support a shared system memory with a snooping cache coherence protocol. Authenticating shared memory is a new challenge to memory protection. In this paper, we present a secure and fast architecture for authenticating shared memory. In terms of incorporating memory authentication into the processor pipeline, we propose a new scheme called authentication speculative execution. Unlike the prior approaches, our scheme does not compromise security for performance. The novel ASE scheme is not only secure as it is combined with a onetime-pad (OTP) based memory encryption but also efficient to tolerate authentication latency by executing unauthenticated instructions speculatively. Results using modified RSIM running SPLASH2 benchmark show only 5% overhead in performance on dual and quad processor platforms. Furthermore, ASE shows 80% better performance on average over conservative nonspeculative execution based authentication schemes. The scheme is of practical use for both multiprocessor systems and uni-processor systems where memory is shared by one main processor and other co-processors on the system bus.
Partial purification and characterization of an esterase acting on the anticancer pro-drugs, 7-ethylcamptothecin derivatives.

A hydrolytic enzyme which catalyzes hydrolysis of the ester-linkage of a series of 17-O-acyl derivatives of 7-ethylcamptothecin-21-(2-dimethylamino)ethylamide [acyl derivatives of 22E] was purified from rat liver and its properties were characterized. It hydrolyzed the ester-linkage of all 22E derivatives tested as well as p-nitrophenyl acetate at pH 8-9 but had no effect on 7-ethyl-10-[4-(piperidino)-1-piperidino] carbonyloxycamptothecin (CPT-11: irinotecan), unlike CPT-11 converting carboxylesterase, which was previously purified from rat serum [Tsuji T. et al., J. Pharmacobio-Dyn. , 14, 341 (1991)]. The enzyme had no effect on either acetyl choline or butyrylcholine. It was inhibited by several organophosphorous compounds such as diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), bis-(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate and paraoxon, but was insensitive to inhibitors specific for choline esterases. These results indicate that this liver esterase is clearly distinct from choline esterase and serum CPT-11 converting enzyme and is able to convert pro-drugs, O-acyl derivatives of 22E, to an antitumor agent.
Organization of the Haemophilus influenzae Rd genome

We present the first complete map of the Haemophilus influenzae genome, consisting of a detailed restriction map with a number of genetic loci. All of the ApaI, SmaI, and RsrII restriction sites (total of 45 sites) were mapped by Southern blot hybridization analysis of fragments separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Cloned genes were placed on the restriction map by Southern hybridization, and antibiotic resistance loci were also located by transformation with purified restriction fragments. The attachment site of the HP1 prophage was mapped. In addition, the number, locations, and orientations of the six rRNA operons in the H. influenzae chromosome were determined. The positions of conserved restriction sites in these rrn operons confirm that the direction of transcription is 16S to 23S, as in most other bacteria. The widely used strain BC200 appears to contain an unexpected 45-kilobase duplication.