Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calculating the weighted spectral distribution with 5-cycles

Recent researches proposed that the weighted spectral distribution is a robust spectral metric independent of the network size (node number) and can be quickly calculated in large-scale networks using the graph structure of 4-cycles. In this paper, we design an algorithm for calculating the spectral metric within a more complex graph structure (i.e., 5-cycles) and two theorems are proposed to verify the accuracy of the algorithm. Finally, the theoretical and experimental analyses exhibit the high time efficiency of our algorithm when applied to large-scale networks.
Resistance exercise, disability, and pain catastrophizing in obese adults with back pain.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two different resistance exercise protocols on self-reported disability, fear avoidance beliefs, pain catastrophizing, and back pain symptoms in obese, older adults with low back pain (LBP). METHODS Obese adults (n = 49, 60-85 yr) with chronic LBP were randomized into a total body resistance exercise intervention (TOTRX), lumbar extensor exercise intervention (LEXT), or a control group (CON). Main outcomes included perceived disability (Oswestry Disability Index, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire). Psychosocial measures included the Fear Avoidance Beliefs survey, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale. LBP severity was measured during three functional tasks: walking, stair climbing, and chair rise using an 11-point numerical pain rating scale. RESULTS The TOTRX group had greater reductions in self-reported disability scores due to back pain (Oswestry Disability Index, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire) compared with those in the LEXT (P < 0.05). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale scores decreased in the TOTRX group compared with that in the CON group by month 4 (64.3% vs 4.8%, P < 0.05). Pain severity during chair rise activity and walking was decreased in both the LEXT and TOTRX groups relative to the CON group. CONCLUSIONS Greater reductions in perceived disability due to LBP can be achieved with TOTRX compared with those achieved with LEXT. Pain catastrophizing and pain severity decreased most with TOTRX. The positive change in psychological outlook may assist obese, older adults with chronic back pain in reconsidering the harmfulness of the pain and facilitate regular participation in other exercise programs.
Embodiment, Transformation and Ideology in the Rock Art of Trans-Pecos Texas

Present in the Trans-Pecos rock art of west Texas are many motifs intelligible within hunter-gatherer ontological frameworks. These motifs—including human figures missing heads and limbs, figures with disproportionately large eyes, polymelia and pilo-erection—are concerned with somatic transformations and distortions experienced in altered states of consciousness. Ethnographic analogies also demonstrate that other Trans-Pecos features—smearing, rubbing and chipping of pigment and incorporation of natural inequalities of the rock surfaces into images—are evidence of kinetic experiences or embodied processes, including the important interaction with the ‘veil’ that separates one tier of the cosmos from others. By exploring the related concepts of embodiment, somatic transformation and process within non-Western ontologies, I offer a unified but multi-component explanation for the meanings and motivations behind several Trans-Pecos rock-art motifs. I also address the consumption of rock art in west Texas—how it was viewed and used by the original artists and subsequent viewers to shape, maintain and challenge ideologies and identities.
BLIND NON-WHITE NOISE REMOVAL IN IMAGES USING GAUSSIAN SCALE MIXTURES IN THE WAVELET DOMAIN

Gaussian scale mixtures (GSM) capture two basic properties of the wavelet coefcients responding to natural images, namely 1) high kurtosis marginals, and 2) positive covariance between neighbor coefcient amplitudes. These features are not shared by Gaussian or lower kurtosis noise sources. Therefore, GSM models provide a means to separate the noise from the signal for an observed corrupted image. A local model consisting of a GSM term plus Gaussian additive noise with arbitrary covariance is used to estimate rst the noise covariance at each wavelet subband, applying a generalized expectation maximization algorithm. Then the original wavelet coefcients are estimated from the noisy observations using an efcient Bayes Least Squares technique. Both steps are fully automatic.
1 Understanding GPGPU Vector Register File Usage

Graphics processing units (GPUs) have emerged as a favored compute accelerator for workstations, servers, and supercomputers. At their core, GPUs are massively-multithreaded compute engines, capable of concurrently supporting over one hundred thousand active threads. Supporting this many threads requires storing context for every thread on-chip, and results in large vector register files consuming a significant amount of die area and power. Thus, it is imperative that the vast number of registers are used effectively, efficiently, and to maximal benefit. This work evaluates the usage of the vector register file in a modern GPGPU architecture. We confirm the results of prior studies, showing vector registers are reused in small windows by few consumers and that vector registers are a key limiter of workgroup dispatch. We then evaluate the effectiveness of previously proposed techniques at reusing register values and hiding bank access conflict penalties. Lastly, we study the performance impact of introducing additional vector registers and show that additional parallelism is not always beneficial, somewhat counter-intuitive to the “more threads, better throughput” view of GPGPU acceleration.
Flavanol metabolites reduce monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells through modulation of expression of genes via p38-MAPK and p65-Nf-kB pathways.

SCOPE Consumption of flavanol-rich foods is associated with an improvement in endothelial function. However, the specific biologically active flavanol metabolites involved in this benefit, as well as their molecular mechanisms of action have not been identified. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of plasma flavanol metabolites on adhesion of monocytes to TNF-α-activated endothelial cells and identify potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS 4'-O-methyl(-)-epicatechin, 4'-O-methyl(-)-epicatechin-7-β-d-glucuronide, and (-)-epicatechin-4'-sulfate decreased the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells at physiologically relevant concentrations, from 0.2 to 1 μM. Transcriptomic studies showed that each of the flavanol metabolites affected the expression of different genes in endothelial cells. However, these genes are involved in the cellular processes that control adhesion and migration of monocytes to vascular endothelium, most notably those regulating cell adhesion, cell-cell junctions, focal adhesion, and cytoskeleton remodeling. Gene expression profiles obtained suggest lower monocyte recruitment, in agreement with results from cell adhesion assays. The nutrigenomic effect of metabolites seems to be mediated through their capacity to modulate phosphorylation of p65 and p38 cell-signaling proteins. CONCLUSION Our study provides findings into the molecular mechanisms by which plasma flavanol metabolites could be efficient to preserve vascular endothelium integrity in nutritionally relevant conditions.
DNA methylation regulates tissue‐specific expression of Shank3

Tissue‐specific gene expression can be controlled by epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation. SHANK3, together with its homologues SHANK1 and SHANK2, has a central functional and structural role in excitatory synapses and is involved in the human chromosome 22q13 deletion syndrome. In this report, we show by DNA methylation analysis in lymphocytes, brain cortex, cerebellum and heart that the three SHANK genes possess several methylated CpG boxes, but only SHANK3 CpG islands are highly methylated in tissues where protein expression is low or absent and unmethylated where expression is present. SHANK3 protein expression is significantly reduced in hippocampal neurons after treatment with methionine, while HeLa cells become able to express SHANK3 after treatment with 5‐Aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine. Altogether, these data suggest the existence of a specific epigenetic control mechanism regulating SHANK3, but not SHANK1 and SHANK2, expression.
Cytoprotective Effects of Triphlorethol-A Against Formaldehyde-Induced Oxidative Damage and Apoptosis: Role of Mitochondria-Mediated Caspase-Dependent Pathway

The toxicity of formaldehyde (HCHO) has been attributed to its ability to form adducts with DNA and proteins. Triphlorethol-A, derived from Ecklonia cava, was reported to exert a cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress damage via an antioxidant mechanism. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms underlying the triphlorethol-A ability to protect Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells against HCHO-induced damage. Triphlorethol-A significantly decreased the HCHO-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Triphlorethol-A prevented increased cell damage induced by HCHO via inhibition of mitochondria-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. Triphlorethol-A diminished HCHO-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, including loss of mitochondrial membrane action potential (Δψ) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion. Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic effect of triphlorethol-A was exerted through inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), which was enhanced by HCHO. Our data indicate that triphlorethol-A exerts a cytoprotective effect in V79-4 cells against HCHO-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting the mitochondria-mediated caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.
Indexing and Query Processing Techniques in Spatio-Temporal Data

Indexing and query processing is an emerging research field in spatio - temporal data. Most of the real-time applications such as location based services, fleet management, traffic prediction and radio frequency identification and sensor networks are based on spatio-temporal indexing and query processing. All the indexing and query processing applications is any one of the forms, such as spatio index access and supporting queries or spatio-temporal indexing method and support query or temporal dimension, while in spatial data it is considered as the second priority. In this paper, give the survey of the various uncertain indexing and query processing techniques. Most of the existing survey works on spatio-temporal are based on indexing methods and query processing, but presented separately. Both the indexing and querying are related, hence state - of - art of both the indexing and query processing techniques are considered together. This paper gives the details of spatio-temporal data classification, various types of indexing methods, query processing, application areas and research direction of spatio-temporal indexing and query processing.
Cryptosporidium parvum: PCR-RFLP analysis of the TRAP-C1 (thrombospondin-related adhesive protein of Cryptosporidium-1) gene discriminates between two alleles differentially associated with parasite isolates of animal and human origin.

Abstract Spano, F. , Putignani, L. , Guida, S. , Crisanti, A. 1998.Cryptosporidium parvum: PCR-RFLP analysis of the TRAP-C1 (thrombospondin-related adhesive protein ofCryptosporidium-1) gene discriminates between two alleles differentially associated with parasite isolates of animal and human origin.Experimental Parasitology90,195–198.
A Distorted Circadian Clock Causes Early Flowering and Temperature-Dependent Variation in Spike Development in the Eps-3Am Mutant of Einkorn Wheat

Viable circadian clocks help organisms to synchronize their development with daily and seasonal changes, thereby providing both evolutionary fitness and advantage from an agricultural perspective. A high-resolution mapping approach combined with mutant analysis revealed a cereal ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana LUX ARRHYTHMO/PHYTOCLOCK 1 (LUX/PCL1) as a promising candidate for the earliness per se 3 (Eps-3Am) locus in einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.). Using delayed fluorescence measurements it was shown that Eps-3Am containing einkorn wheat accession KT3-5 had a distorted circadian clock. The hypothesis was subsequently confirmed by performing a time course study on central and output circadian clock genes, which showed arrhythmic transcript patterns in KT3-5 under constant ambient conditions, i.e., constant light and temperature. It was also demonstrated that variation in spikelet number between wild-type and mutants is sensitive to temperature, becoming negligible at 25°. These observations lead us to propose that the distorted clock is causative for both early flowering and variation in spike size and spikelet number, and that having a dysfunctional LUX could have neutral, or even positive, effects in warmer climates. To test the latter hypothesis we ascertained sequence variation of LUX in a range of wheat germplasm. We observed a higher variation in the LUX sequence among accessions coming from the warmer climate and a unique in-frame mutation in early-flowering Chinese T. turgidum cultivar ‘Tsing Hua no. 559. ’ Our results emphasize the importance of the circadian clock in temperate cereals as a promising target for adaptation to new environments.
Colloids in Sepsis: Evenly Distributed Molecules Surrounded by Uneven Questions

ABSTRACT Colloids are frequently used for fluid expansion in the intensive care unit, although its use on several clinical scenarios remains unproven of any relevant clinical benefit. The purpose of this article was to carry out a narrative review regarding the safety and efficacy of colloids in patients with sepsis and septic shock, with emphasis on the most commonly used colloids, albumin and starches. Colloids are effective fluid expanders and are able to restore the hemodynamic profile with less total volume than crystalloids. These properties appear to be preserved even in patients with sepsis with increased capillary permeability. However, some colloids are associated with renal impairment and coagulation abnormalities. Starch use was associated with increased mortality in two large clinical trials. Also, starches probably have significant renal adverse effects and may be related to more need for renal replacement therapy in severe sepsis. Albumin is the only colloid that has been shown safe in patients with sepsis and that may be associated with improved outcomes on specific subpopulations. No trial so far found any robust clinical end point favoring colloid use in patients with sepsis. Because there is no proven benefit of the use of most colloids in patients with sepsis, its use should not be encouraged outside clinical trials. Albumin is the only colloid solution that has proven to be safe, and its use may be considered on hypoalbuminemic patients with sepsis. Nevertheless, there are no robust data to recommend routine albumin administration in sepsis. Starch use should be avoided in patients with sepsis because of the recent findings of a multicenter randomized study until further evidence is available.
Set Inferences and Sensitivity Analysis in Semiparametric Partially Identi ed Models

This paper provides inference tools for partially identi ed semiparametric models. The main working assumption is that the nite-dimensional parameter of interest and the in nite-dimensional nuisance parameters are identi ed conditionally on other nuisance parameters being known. This structure arises in numerous applications and permits the use of standard tools from empirical processes theory. We develop uniform convergence for a set of two-step GMM estimators and use the uniformity to establish set inference. We allow for the identi ed set of nuisance parameters to be unknown and estimated, which in general requires to establish inference under local misspeci cation. A global misspeci cation analysis is useful in a formal development of sensitivity analysis. Inference is implemented with the assistance of bootstrap methods. Several examples illustrate the wide applicability of our results. Keywords: Partial Identi cation; Semiparametric models; Sensitivity analysis; Willingness to pay; Empirical process theory. JEL classi cation: C12, C13, C14 We would like to thank Stéphane Bonhomme, Kei Hirano, Arthur Lewbel, Enrique Sentana, Ellie Tamer, as well as seminar participants at UCL, ESEM Malaga, Oxford, CEMFI and Georgetown for helpful discussions. yDepartment of Economics, Indiana University, 105 Wylie Hall, 100 South Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 7104, USA. E-mail: jescanci@indiana.edu. Web Page: http://mypage.iu. edu/jescanci/. Research funded by the Spanish Plan Nacional de I+D+I, reference number SEJ2007-62908. zSchool of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. E-mail: zhulin@sem.tsinghua. edu.cn.
Intimate partner abuse and PTSD symptomatology: examining mediators and moderators of the abuse-trauma link.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to intimate partner abuse, physiological reactivity, and social support. The authors used structural equation modeling to test social support as a moderator and psychophysiological reactivity and anger as mediators of the relation between abuse and traumatic symptoms among a sample of women reporting psychological abuse, including women reporting both physical violence and no physical violence. Both physical and psychological abuse were related to PTSD symptoms. Whereas physical and psychological abuse were highly correlated, psychological abuse did not predict PTSD symptomatology over and above the effect due to physical assault. Psychophysiological reactivity and anger and fear displayed during an argument with the partner did not mediate the abuse? trauma link. Social support moderated the relation between psychological abuse and PTSD symptomatology.
Analyzing entrainment of heartbeat and respiration with surrogates

Entrainment between two rhythms is a very well-known phenomenon in the theory of nonlinear dynamics. Although heart and respiration influence each other by several mechanisms, and though modulation of heart rate by respiration is a very well-known and investigated phenomenon, there are surprisingly few indications of true entrainment between the two rhythms. This absence might be due to an insufficient coupling strength or to disturbances by other physiological rhythms. Nonetheless, we sometimes observe intermittent phases where cardiac and respiratory rhythms run in parallel; i.e., where both rhythms seem to be entrained. However, it is not obvious how to decide whether this effect is true entrainment or whether it is just quasi-entrainment that occurs when two rhythms have an approximate frequency ratio of for example, 4:1. Therefore, we use a surrogate-data technique to determine the probability of quasi-entrainment as a function of its duration. This probability can be used to obtain a significance level for true entrainment.
On the drift behaviors of a phase change memory (PCM) cell

This paper presents a HSPICE macromodel of a phase change memory (PCM) by considering the phenomenon of drift behavior as leading to incorrect operation. The model simulates the behavior due to the drift in the resistance and threshold voltage when the cell is not been read or programmed. It considers not only the resistance change by phase (as corresponding to the two phases, amorphous and crystalline), but also the temperature, the crystalline fraction and the continuous profile of the resistance. This electrical based modeling by HSPICE allows to fully characterizing the holding voltage and the continuous behavior of the PCM resistance, while assessing the impact of the programming time of the drifted parameters. The proposed macromodel generates the I-V and R-I plots of a PCM cell at a very small error compared with experimental data. A detailed sensitivity analysis of the electrical parameters of the PCM cell is pursued to show the robust characteristics of the proposed macromodel to capture the variation in parameters due to drift.
CIRCULAR SYNTHETIC APERTURE SONAR WITHOUT A BEACON

Collection of synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) data along a circular track and forming a circular SAS (CSAS) image has several benefits over traditional stripmap SAS: the area of interest is observed from all aspect angles giving a better perception; the resolution in the image increases and shadow zones are avoided. Navigation requirements however, become even more stringent than for rectilinear SAS. Previously, CSAS images have been formed through use of an underwater beacon to alleviate the navigation problem. We present a scheme whereby CSAS may be achieved without use of a beacon. In this paper, we calculate the required accuracy in navigation, bathymetry and sound velocity for successful circular SAS. We present a new processing chain for CSAS with modifications to micronavigation and autofocus. Modifications to micronavigation and autofocus have not previously been discussed in the literature. Finally, we show the results from the new processing chain with circular SAS images of small targets. These data have been collected over an arbitrary seafloor by the HUGIN autonomous underwater vehicle carrying the Kongsberg HISAS 1030. As a result of these investigations we conclude that CSAS without beacon use is feasible for benign imaging geometries. Image interpretation however becomes more challenging. In addition we found that relative height was of considerable importance, with challenging topographic features causing degradation. To combat this we propose a hybrid autofocus / interferometry system to treat the height estimation problem in an iterative framework.
Layout-Driven Post-Placement Techniques for Temperature Reduction and Thermal Gradient Minimization

With the continuing scaling of CMOS technology, on-chip temperature and thermal-induced variations have become a major design concern. To effectively limit the high temperature in a chip equipped with a cost-effective cooling system, thermal specific approaches, besides low power techniques, are necessary at the chip design level. The high temperature in hotspots and large thermal gradients are caused by the high local power density and the nonuniform power dissipation across the chip. With the objective of reducing power density in hotspots, we propose two placement techniques that spread cells in hotspots over a larger area. Increasing the area occupied by the hotspot directly reduces its power density, leading to a reduction in peak temperature and thermal gradient. To minimize the introduced overhead in delay and dynamic power, we maintain the relative positions of the coupling cells in the new layout. We compare the proposed methods in terms of temperature reduction, timing, and area overhead to the baseline method, which enlarges the circuit area uniformly. The experimental results showed that our methods achieve a larger reduction in both peak temperature and thermal gradient than the baseline method. The baseline method, although reducing peak temperature in most cases, has little impact on thermal gradient.
The Effects of Feedback in Vigilance Training on Performance, Workload, Stress and Coping

The ability to maintain vigilance in scanning the environment for improvised explosive devices (IEDs) can mean the difference between life and death for Soldiers. Although this ability to sustain attention varies among individuals, performance feedback training using knowledge of results (KR) has been found to improve performance. The present study builds on previous work on the influence of KR on vigilance training to investigate the efficacy of such training for improving upon performance and reducing workload and stress. Results indicated that the KR group achieved better vigilance performance than the No KR group and that the training benefits from KR persisted beyond the training phase. However, KR did not substantially affect perceived workload or stress response.