Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy-efficient subcarrier optimization scheme based on particle swarm for green radio wireless networks

The growing awareness towards energy efficient cellular networks has paved way for new technologies to enable design towards green cellular networks. According to technical analysts, the base stations are the most energy intensive element in a typical cellular network. Saving power in base stations is therefore the primary focus in green cellular networks. The main goal of designing green base stations is for saving energy and reducing power consumption while guaranteeing service and coverage for users and ensuring the capability of base station for evolution. One cannot ignore the amount of energy that is wasted due to the lack of efficient utilization of resources. This was the main motivation behind this study. This paper aims to exploit the dynamic traffic load conditions to improve the downlink energy consumption by achieving optimal balancing between the number of subcarriers and dynamic traffic load conditions. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been adopted to optimize the subcarriers under the condition of maximum traffic load while guaranteeing the QOS under the constraint of minimal power per subcarrier. Simulation results show that the annual energy savings that achieved by this approach only for one base station up to 130 kWh. Hence, in a large area with thousands of base stations or even more, the aggregate energy savings could be substantial as well as the annual OPEX saving.
Healthcare professionals may not be maintaining person-centred care for people with dementia hospitalised on acute wards

Commentary on: Clissett P, Porock D, Harwood RH, et al. The challenges of achieving person-centred care in acute hospitals: a qualitative study of people with dementia and their families. Int J Nurs Stud 2013;50:1495–503. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] Many organisations have identified person-centred care as key to promoting quality of life for persons with dementia. The majority of efforts to enhance person-centred care have largely occurred in residential long-term settings as part of … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DInt%2BJ%2BNurs%2BStud%26rft.volume%253D50%26rft.spage%253D1495%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.ijnurstu. 2013.03. 001%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23548170%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.1016/j.ijnurstu. 2013.03. 001&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=23548170&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F17%2F4%2F126.atom
Postsynaptic Modulation of AMPA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Responses and LTP by the Type 3 Ryanodine Receptor

The precise function of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in synaptic transmission is unknown, but three of their subtypes are expressed in the brain. We examined the roleof RyRs in excitatory synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices, using type 3 RyR (RyR3)-deficient mice. The alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxozolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated basal synaptic responses in the CA1 region of mutant mice were smaller than those of wild-type mice, while there was no difference in N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated responses, suggesting selective postsynaptic modification of AMPA receptors by RyR3. The expression of synaptic AMPA receptor subunits examined by Western blotting or immunohistochemistry was indistinguishable, suggesting that the smaller AMPA synaptic responses in mutant mice were not due to the reduced number of synaptic AMPA receptors. Although the initial potentiation following tetanic stimulation of afferent fibers was similar, long-term potentiation (LTP) was smaller in mutant mice. There were no differences in presynaptic electrophysiological properties. We thus conclude that RyR3 postsynaptically regulates the properties of AMPA receptors and LTP.
Strategic Risk and Co-Operative Relationships: Experimental Evidence

We test inflnitely repeated prisoner’s dilemma games with random continuation in the laboratory to capture the efiect of strategic risk on co-operation. We propose a criterion building on Harsanyi and Selten’s (1988) risk dominance concept and motivate it by three heuristic priciples. Our criterion depends on the often disregarded \sucker’s payofi" | the payofi of a co-operating player meeting a defector | and results in a critical discount factor ‐ ⁄ strictly larger than ‐, the traditional criterion, above which co-operation is supported by Pareto-undominated equilibrium strategies and which has often been used in applications. We flnd that changes in the frequency of subjects’ co-operation in the lab are predicted far better by ‐ ⁄ than by the Pareto-dominance criterion re∞ected in ‐. Our experiments, in particular, show that for parameter changes where the two criteria predict co-operation frequency changes in opposite directions, our alternative criterion ‐ ⁄ is the one that predicts correctly.
An assessment of the urban water service delivery quality gap in Uganda and Tanzania: taping the customer's voice in water service delivery

The current reforms in the water sector in the Sub Saharan Africa have put the customer at the centre stage for sustainable water service delivery. However, few studies have been conducted to assess the gap between customer’s expectations and his/her perception of the actual water service delivered, yet this knowledge is important to support prioritization in developing water service delivery improvement. Using the SERVQUAL model, we sampled 527 customers of National Water and Sewerage Corporation [NWSC] and Dar Es Salaam Water and Sewerage Corporation [DAWASCO] to assess the service quality delivery gaps. The results indicate a gap of -1.98 for NWSC and -2.81 for DAWASCO on a seven point scale. We also found out that the service quality dimensions of reliability and responsiveness as very important to customers, yet it is on these dimensions that both utilities have the biggest service quality gaps of -2.73 for NWSC and 3.80 for DAWASCO. The results imply that water utilities in Uganda and Tanzania should continue improving the quality of water service delivery by concentrating more on reliability and responsiveness of water service delivery.
Facial expression analysis across databases

In this paper, we analyze the generalization ability of a facial expression recognition method and also study how to improve it across different databases. Since no common performance metric has been set up, people did experiments in different databases using different methods. So it is difficult for us to judge the performance and the generalization ability of an algorithm. And we also found that the performance is bad in general if we train a facial expression analysis algorithm on a database but test it on another database. So the problem is whether we could improve the generalization ability of a facial expression analysis system and how to improve it more. We extract Gabor features from face images and use SVM to classify the expressions. And we study the above problem using this algorithm on three databases (C-K+, JAFFE and TFEID). We mean to fuse these three databases to solve the problem. And three fusion methods are proposed respectively on the sample level, on the feature level and on the classifier level. Experiments show that the classifiers trained with the fusion methods are of better generalization ability. And the fusion method on the feature level reaches the highest accuracy.
Effect of Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the Aggregation of αA(66-80) Peptide, a Major Fragment of αA-crystallin Involved in Cataract Development

ABSTRACT Purpose: Crystallin is a major protein present in eye lens. Peptide fragment αA(66-80) derived from αA-crystallin possesses high aggregation propensity and forms amyloid-like structures. αA(66-80) aggregates are known to interact with soluble crystallins and destabilize native structures that subsequently undergo aggregation. Crystallin aggregation in eye lens leads to reduction in lens opacity, the condition generally referred to as a cataract. Thus, αA(66-80) aggregation appears to be an important event during cataract development, and therefore, inhibition of αA(66-80) aggregation may be an attractive strategy to intervene in cataract development. Materials and Methods: αA(66-80) peptide derived from αA-crystallin possesses high aggregation potential and has a crucial role in cataract development. In order to inhibit the aggregation of αA(66-80) peptide, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major active constituent of green tea, was employed. The inhibitory effect was assessed by Congo Red (CR) spectral shift assay, Thioflavin-T binding assay, transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Results: The inhibitory potential of EGCG toward αA-crystallin was clearly observed as in the presence of EGCG, the αA(66-80) aggregation was considerably inhibited and the pre-formed fibrillary aggregates of αA(66-80) were found to be disassembled. Conclusion: In the present study, we are able to successfully demonstrate that EGCG efficiently blocks the aggregation of αA(66-80) peptide in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, it is also evident that EGCG is able to disaggregate pre-formed αA(66-80) aggregates. The study suggests that EGCG can be a potential molecule that can prevent the initiation of cataract as well as be helpful in the disease reversal.
Review on Anonymous Routing Protocol forHigh Anonymity Protection in MANETs

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) uses an anonymous routing protocol for security purpose. This protocol hides nodes original identity from outsider, so that observer cannot threaten the security of network. An anonymous communication method in MANETs is mostly classified into three type s reactive methods, proactive methods and anonymous routing technique. Other reactive routing techniques involves hop-by-hop encryption and redundant traffic routing . This routing methods either generate high cost or cannot provide full anonymity protection to sources, destinations, data and routes Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) uses various anonymous routing protocols to support anonymity protection to sources and destination and data. Therefore to offer a high anonymity protection, Anonymous Location-based Efficient Routing protocol (ALERT) is proposed. Basic idea behind ALERT is to dynamically partition the network field into zones and randomly chooses nodes in zones as intermediate relay nodes, which creates a non-traceable anonymous route.
A new Neuro-Fuzzy method for direct adaptive control of unknown nonlinear systems with robustness analysis

The direct adaptive regulation of affine in the control nonlinear square (system states equals to control inputs) dynamical systems with modeling error effects, is considered in this paper. The method is based on a new Neuro-Fuzzy Dynamical System definition, which uses the concept of Fuzzy Dynamical Systems (FDS) operating in conjunction with High Order Neural Network Functions, which in the sequel approximate the fuzzy rules. This way the unknown plant is modeled by a fuzzy-recurrent high order neural network (F-RHONN), which is of known structure considering the neglected nonlinearities. The development is combined with a sensitivity analysis of the closed loop in the presence of modeling imperfections and provides a comprehensive and rigorous analysis of the stability properties of the closed loop system. The existence and boundness of the control signal is always assured by introducing a novel method of parameter hopping and incorporating it in weight updating law. Simulations illustrate the potency of the method and its applicability is tested on well known benchmarks where it is shown that our approach is superior to the case of simple RHONN's.
Analysis of the Exposure to Losses of Brazilian ETFs According to the Value at Risk (VAR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) Market Risk Assessment Techniques

For investors, Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) are securities structured as portfolios that replicate financial market indexes, but with the facility of being traded as stocks. The aim of the study was to analyze the risk exposure of Brazilian ETFs, compared to the Ibovespa index and the corresponding BMFBovespa indexes. For the present analysis the methodology of Value-at-Risk (VaR) at 5% was used, with historical simulation, coupled with the Expected Shortfall (ES) methodology, also at 5%. Next, the Unplanned Divergence (DnP) was used as a tracking error mechanism . The Monte Carlo simulation for replication of the verified values was also used, considering the previous profitability measures. The results presented the frequency distributions for the losses, and those lower than the VaR, which characterizes the expectation of loss measured by the ES. All ETFs presented losses and exposure to risk greater than those observed for the Ibovespa benchmark and its respective benchmark indexes.
A Neural Lemmatizer for Bengali

We propose a novel neural lemmatization model which is language independent and supervised in nature. To handle the words in a neural framework, word embedding technique is used to represent words as vectors. The proposed lemmatizer makes use of contextual information of the surface word to be lemmatized. Given a word along with its contextual neighbours as input, the model is designed to produce the lemma of the concerned word as output. We introduce a new network architecture that permits only dimension specific connections between the input and the output layer of the model. For the present work, Bengali is taken as the reference language. Two datasets are prepared for training and testing purpose consisting of 19,159 and 2,126 instances respectively. As Bengali is a resource scarce language, these datasets would be beneficial for the respective research community. Evaluation method shows that the neural lemmatizer achieves 69.57% accuracy on the test dataset and outperforms the simple cosine similarity based baseline strategy by a margin of 1.37%.
CUDA accelerated visual relative motion estimation

Egomotion estimation is a fundamental issue in structure from motion and particularly for ADAS systems. Several camera motion estimation methods from a set of variable number of image correspondances were proposed. Seven-point method represent the minimal number of required correspondences to estimate the fundamental matrix, raised special interest for their application in a hypothesize-and-test framework. This algorithm allows relative pose recovery at the expense of a much higher computational time. In this work, we present a GPU-based solution for the essential matrix estimation performed using the 7-point algorithm, and complemented with robust estimation. The description of the hardware-specific implementation considerations is given in detail. Performance analysis against existing CPU implementations is also given. Our implementation showed good performance with a speedup reaching 36×.
The performance of entrepreneurial companies post-listing on the New Zealand Stock Exchange

The paper reports an investigation of the returns obtained on a listed portfolio of entrepreneurial companies comparing these with a portfolio of listed small businesses and the stock market overall. The initial findings produce counter-intuitive results in that the returns on the portfolio of entrepreneurial companies appear to be less than those for other small companies and for the market overall. Further, initial public offerings of entrepreneurial companies appear to be overpriced and suffer a price decline post-listing that takes approximately a year and a half to recover. An implication of such results is that money will not flow to the entrepreneurial firms, which may have unfavourable longer-term consequences for economic growth. Various government polices are directed towards achieving sustainable economic growth through the smaller business sector and encouraging these businesses to expand and list on the stock exchange. The overpricing of IPOs and lower returns are not likely to encourage investor support for the entrepreneurial companies, making it difficult for these policies to succeed.
LIGHT AT NIGHT ALTERS THE PARAMETERS OF THE ECLOSION RHYTHM IN A TROPICAL FRUIT FLY, DROSOPHILA JAMBULINA

We investigated the effects of natural light at night (LAN) in the field and artificial LAN in the laboratory on the circadian rhythm of pupal eclosion in a tropical wild type strain of Drosophila jambulina captured at Galle, Sri Lanka (6.1oN, 80.2oE). The influence of natural LAN, varying in intensity from 0.004 lux (starlight intensity) to 0.45 lux (moonlight intensity), on the entrainment pattern of the circadian rhythm of eclosion at 25o ± 0.5oC was examined by subjecting the mixed-aged pupae to natural cycles of light and darkness at the breeding site of this strain in the field. The eclosion peak was ∼2 h prior to sunrise, and the 24 h rhythmicity was the most robust. Effects of artificial LAN at 25o ± 0.5oC were determined in the laboratory by subjecting pupae to LD 12:12 cycles in which the light intensity of the photophase was 500 lux in all LD cycles, while that of the scotophase was either 0 lux (complete darkness, DD), 0.5, 5, or 50 lux. In the 0 lux LAN condition (i.e., the control experiment), the eclosion peak was ∼2 h after lights-on, and the 24 h eclosion rhythm was not as strong as in the 0.5 lux LAN condition. The entrainment pattern in 0.5 lux LAN was strikingly similar to that in the field, as the 0.5 lux LAN condition is comparable to the full moonlight intensity in the tropics. LAN at 0.5 lux dramatically altered both parameters of entrainment, as the eclosion peak was advanced by ∼4 h and the 24 h eclosion rhythm was better than that of the control experiment. LAN at 5 lux, however, resulted in a weak eclosion rhythm that peaked in the subjective forenoon. Interestingly, the 50 lux LAN condition rendered the eclosion events unambiguously arrhythmic. After-effects of LAN on the period (τ) of the free-running rhythm and the nature of eclosion rhythm were also determined in DD by a single LD 12:12 to DD transfer. After-effects of the LAN intensity were observed on both the τ and nature of the eclosion rhythm in all four experiments. Pupae raised in 0.5 lux LAN exhibited the shortest τ (20.6 ± 0.2 h, N = 11 for this and subsequent values) and the most robust rhythm, while pupae raised in 50 lux LAN had the longest τ (29.5 ± 0.2 h) and weakest rhythm in DD. Thus, these results demonstrate the intensity of LAN, varying from 0 to 50 lux, profoundly influences the parameters of entrainment as well as free-running rhythmicity of D. jambulina. Moreover, the observed arrhythmicity in LD 12:12 cycles caused by the 50 lux LAN condition appeared to be the masking effect of relatively bright light at night, as the LD 12:12 to DD transfer restored the rhythmicity, although it was rather weak. (Author correspondence: drdsjoshi08@gmail.com)
A flexibility framework to understand the adaptation of small coffee and honey producers facing market shocks

Small-scale coffee producers are particularly exposed to a very fluctuant market. The present work aims at characterising the adaptation of small-scale coffee and honey producers to the 1999–2003 coffee crisis in the Guatemalan Highlands from a systemic and agronomical perspective. Working with a homogeneous sample of 34 families we identify up to 27 different flexibility mechanisms. A qualitative analysis of families' life histories was combined with classification methods. Besides confirming the importance of the availability resources and some well known adaptive responses, such as workload intensification, expenses reduction or the importance of social networks, the classification of households reveals a sequence in the implementation of flexibility mechanisms. The focus on the combination of coffee and honey productions also suggests changing the traditional approaches to agricultural processes toward the adoption of a more systemic perspective. The possible impacts of these findings on technical extension and construction of public policies are then discussed.
A quantitative CVSS-based cyber security risk assessment methodology for IT systems

IT system risk assessments are indispensable due to increasing cyber threats within our ever-growing IT systems. Moreover, laws and regulations urge organizations to conduct risk assessments regularly. Even though there exist several risk management frameworks and methodologies, they are in general high level, not defining the risk metrics, risk metrics values and the detailed risk assessment formulas for different risk views. To address this need, we define a novel risk assessment methodology specific to IT systems. Our model is quantitative, both asset and vulnerability centric and defines low and high level risk metrics. High level risk metrics are defined in two general categories; base and attack graph-based. In our paper, we provide a detailed explanation of formulations in each category and make our implemented software publicly available for those who are interested in applying the proposed methodology to their IT systems.
New Firm Entry, Survival, and Growth in the United States: A Comparison of Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas

Problem: Many policymakers and planners believe that entrepreneurship is key to rejuvenating American communities amid continued pressures of globalization and technological change; yet, despite its present popularity, we still know relatively little about the influence of different types of locations on new business creation and performance. Purpose: This study examines how new firms' entry, survival, and growth differ among central cities, suburbs, small cities, and rural areas inside and outside metropolitan areas, to allow policymakers and planners to develop more informed development strategies. Methods: I use a unique establishment-level longitudinal database to examine the formation, survival, and growth of new manufacturing and advanced services firms in the continental United States using a mix of descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results and conclusions: This study shows that entrepreneurial performance differs across a continuum of locations from nonmetropolitan rural to urban core. New firms in central cities have higher failure rates but faster rates of employment growth in advanced services. Nonmetropolitan rural places are undersupplied with new high-tech manufacturing and both high-tech and conventional advanced services firms, and have lower growth rates in both high-tech and conventional manufacturing and advanced services. Intermediate places in the urban hierarchy (suburbs, small cities, and rural segments of metropolitan areas) often have relatively high rates of new firm entry, survival, and growth. No environment favors entrepreneurship across all sectors and performance measures. Takeaway for practice: Policymakers seeking to develop effective entrepreneurial strategies should understand the relative advantages and disadvantages facing entrepreneurs in different types of areas. Central cities' lower new firm entry and survival rates may be due to higher costs and regulatory barriers, or may be a result of their attracting riskier endeavors that also have potential for more rapid growth. The growth of firms started by rural entrepreneurs, by contrast, is constrained by limited local markets and relative isolation, and likely to benefit from strategies that expand the reach of new firms into broader markets. Research support: This research was supported by the Ewing J. Kaufman Foundation's Dissertation Fellowship program and the National Science Foundation's Doctoral Dissertation Research Fellowship program. All research using the confidential Longitudinal Database (LDB) was conducted on site at the Bureau of Labor Statistics offices in Washington, DC, and has been cleared for public distribution. The author is solely responsible for the content of this article.