Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The expressive power of the Possible Worlds Theory in video games: when narratives become interactive and fictional spaces

The philosophical concept of possible worlds (Lenzen, 2004; Lewis, 1986) has been used in literary studies and narratology (Dolezel, 1998; Eco, 1979) to define the way in which we conceive different narrative possibilities inside the fictional world. In Game Studies, some authors have used this concept to explore the relationship between game design and game experience (Kucklich, 2003; Maietti, 2004; Ryan, 2006), while Jesper Juul (2005) has studied the fictional world evoked by the connection between rules and fiction. In this paper we propose a new approach to video games as ludofictional worlds - a set of possible worlds which generates a game space based on the relationship between fiction and game rules. In accordance with the concepts of minimal departure (Ryan, 1991) and indexical term (Lewis, 1986), the position of the player character determines his/her actual world and the next possible or necessary world. Lastly, we use this model to analyse the video game The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim and show that the possible worlds perspective provides a useful, flexible and modular framework for describing the internal connections between ludofictional worlds and the interactive nature of playable game spaces.
Physical training effects in renal transplant recipients

Romano G, Simonella R, Falleti E, Bortolotti N, Deiuri E, Antonutto G, De Vita S, Ferraccioli GF, Montanaro D. Physical training effects in renal transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 510–514. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
BEACHMED-e / OpTIMAL Beach Erosion Monitoring 81 Shoreline extraction using satellite imagery

Shoreline change is considered to be one of the most dynamic processes in the coastal area. It has become important to map shoreline changes as an input data for coastal hazard assessment. In recent years, satellite remote sensing data has been used in shoreline extraction and mapping. The accuracy of image orthorectification, as well as the accuracy of image classification, are the most important factors affecting the accuracy of the extracted shoreline. In this study, the shoreline of the area of Georgioupolis was mapped for the years 1998 and 2005 using aerial imagery and Ikonos data, respectively. Ikonos data were orthorectified and a feature extraction technique was then used to extract the shoreline. This technique employed machine-learning algorithms which exploit both the spectral and spatial information of the image. Results were validated with in situ measurements using Differential GPS. The analysis showed that there have not been severe changes in the shoreline between 1998 and 2005, except in some locations where change was substantial.
Cost Causation Based Allocations of Costs for Market Integration of Renewable Energy

An important problem in modern electrical power systems is the inherent variability and uncertainty of renewable energy resources. Allocating the costs generated by the variable resources in a just and reasonable manner is crucial for economic efficiency. In this paper, we develop an axiomatic framework for allocating the deviation costs generated by variable resources using the cost causation based principle. The cost causation principle has a long historical tradition in electrical energy systems and has been proved to provide economic efficiency. We apply the new cost causation based framework to allocate the cost in the production deviation of a group of renewable energy producers and thereby help promote the market integration of renewable energy. The resulting cost allocation framework is then applied to five wind power producers bidding in the Iberian electricity market in Europe, using real data on wind speeds and market prices.
p53 suppresses lung resistance‐related protein expression through Y‐box binding protein 1 in the MCF‐7 breast tumor cell line

Lung resistance‐related protein (LRP) has roles in multi‐drug resistance of tumor cells. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate LRP expression in tumor cells is an important research area. A putative p53 response element in the LRP promoter has been found. Thus, p53‐related regulation of LRP expression was explored in this study. We first demonstrated that p53 overexpression inhibited LRP expression both at the protein and mRNA levels. Then, using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay, we located the p53 response element to the Y‐box (−263∼−407) of the LRP promoter, the YB‐1 binding site, but not the putative p53 response element. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation showed p53 could bind to the Y‐box of the LRP promoter through interaction of p53 with YB‐1. YB‐1 coexpression with p53 facilitated p53‐induced suppression of endogenous LRP expression in MCF‐7 cells. HDAC2, a corepressor of p53, was found to also interact with YB‐1, and this interaction was mediated by p53. These results showed that the p53‐HDAC2 transcriptional repressor complex can bind to the Y‐box of the LRP promoter and repress LRP expression through interaction with YB‐1. p53‐related suppression of LRP expression was completely reversed by doxorubicin treatment and Adr, whereas CP and VP‐16 treatment induced LRP expression increased significantly. Inhibition of LRP expression by siRNA facilitated Adr induced apoptosis of MCF‐7 cells. All these findings indicated that loss of p53‐related suppression of LRP may be the reason for LRP expression increase, and, therefore, chemotherapy resistance in tumor cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 3433–3441, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Language and visuospatial impairment in a case of crossed aphasia

Crossed aphasia in dextrals (CAD) constitutes an interesting model for understanding the lateralisation and interaction of language with other cognitive functions in the brain. The authors present a study of a right-handed patient with Wernicke's aphasia following a right hemisphere cerebrovascular accident, who also had impairment in visuospatial skills. Although the patient presented a remarkable improvement in language symptoms on longitudinal follow-up, the combination of linguistic, visuospatial, and attentional impairments ultimately resulted in a persisting inability to perform complex tasks. The study of mild residual disturbances can improve our understanding of the interaction of language with other cognitive functions, going some way towards explaining the particular features found in CAD.
Distant metastasis from subcutaneously grown E0771 medullary breast adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND Breast cancer treatments are most effective when initiated early, with very poor efficacy against metastatic disease. In seeking a readily metastasizing mouse breast cancer model to facilitate the search for effective therapies, E0771 medullary adenocarcinomas implanted subcutaneously in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Standard pathological, histological and immunological methodologies were used. RESULTS The aggressive estrogen receptor-positive tumor invaded locally into the peritoneal cavity in 56% of mice, as well as metastasizing to the lungs in 52% of mice. The metastasis was a spontaneous event and immunosuppression was seen (e.g. generation of lyphokine activated killer cells and allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes cytolytic activities ex vivo were suppressed). Other pathological events noted as the tumor progressed were: bloody ascites (56%) and shock (72%), both attributed to local (peritoneal) tumor invasion. CONCLUSION The E0771 metastatic breast cancer model, which mimics the human disease, should be useful in testing new treatments against this disease and/or in examining the metastatic process.
Epidermal growth factor receptor-induced circadian-time-dependent gene regulation in suprachiasmatic nucleus

A significant functional role for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus is suggested by recent findings that epidermal growth factor receptor and its ligand transforming growth factor-&agr; are highly expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Recent studies indicate that epidermal growth factor receptor activation induces behavioral and physiological effects, strengthening the notion that epidermal growth factor receptor can modulate suprachiasmatic nucleus neural function and behavior. A global transcriptional profiling study is performed to investigate the gene expression response to epidermal growth factor receptor activation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The results indicate that all of the observed gene expression response is circadian-time dependent. The response included several genes encoding different neuropeptide receptors, ion channels and kinases. In order to hypothesize the transcription factors underlying the epidermal growth factor receptor response, different circadian-time-dependent gene expression groups were analyzed for enriched transcriptional regulatory elements in the promoters. The results indicate that several transcription factors such as Elk1 and cAMP-responsive element binding protein/activating transcription factor family, known to be ‘input points’ to the core clock network, are playing a role. Together, these results indicate that epidermal growth factor receptor has a circadian-time-dependent neuromodulatory function in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Usefulness of combined percutaneous-endoscopic rendezvous techniques after failed therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in the era of endoscopic ultrasound guided rendezvous

Abstract The rendezvous approach is a salvage technique after failure of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). In certain circumstances, percutaneous-endoscopic rendezvous (PE-RV) is preferred, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous (EUS-RV) is difficult to perform. We aimed to evaluate PE-RV outcomes, describe the PE-RV techniques, and identify potential indications for PE-RV over EUS-RV. Retrospective analysis was conducted of a prospectively designed ERC database between January 2005 and December 2016 at a tertiary referral center including cases where PE-RV was used as a salvage procedure after ERC failure. During the study period, PE-RV was performed in 42 cases after failed therapeutic ERC; 15 had a surgically altered enteric anatomy. The technical success rate of PE-RV was 92.9% (39/42), with a therapeutic success rate of 88.1% (37/42). Potential indications for PE-RV over EUS-RV were identified in 23 cases, and either PE-RV or EUS-RV could have effectively been used in 19 cases. Endoscopic bile duct access was successfully achieved with PE-RV in 39 cases with accessible biliary orifice using one of PE-RV cannulation techniques (classic, n = 11; parallel, n = 19; and adjunctive maneuvers, n = 9). PE-RV uses a unique technology and has clinical indications that distinguish it from EUS-RV. Therefore, PE-RV can still be considered a useful salvage technique for the treatment of biliary obstruction after ERC failure.
Big Data in Product Development: Need for a Data Strategy

Products nowadays do not only consist of mechanical and electrical components but also of connectivity components. Connected products set up a feedback-loop and provide manufacturers with use phase data. Such data enables manufacturers to better understand how products are used, which could help to design products that better fit the actual use. The number of connected devices will increase, but there is little knowledge about problems that engineering companies face when using data analytics for product development. The literature review and the experience gained through case studies highlight that inexperienced companies especially run into problems at the planning phase even before data analytics can start. The findings emphasize that companies need to invest time to develop a data strategy beforehand. However, an analysis of existing process models for data initiatives reveals that only little support is provided for the systematic development of a data strategy. Therefore, this paper derives a framework for a process model that supports companies in developing a data strategy for product development. The paper ends with suggestions for future research.
Progress in Brain Delivery of Anti-HIV Drugs -

Article history: Received on: 17/01/2015 Revised on: 22/04/2015 Accepted on: 17/06/2015 Available online: 27/07/2015 The HIV/AIDS pandemic is an increasing global burden with devastating health-related and socioeconomic effects. The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy has dramatically improved life quality and expectancy of infected individuals. But currently available drug regimens and dosage forms are not good enough to eradicate HIV. Suboptimal adherence, toxicity, drug resistance and viral reservoirs make the lifelong treatment of HIV infection challenging. Along with some other organs, highly vascularized and secured with blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain acts as a great reservoir for the HIV virus. But all the available drug delivery techniques are not capable of bypassing the BBB and deliver anti-HIV drugs to the brain. In this review, all the brain delivery techniques available till date has been reviewed and recent noble ideas for delivering anti-HIV drugs to brain has been discussed.
Transient nuclear localization of fyn kinase during development in zebrafish

Fyn protein tyrosine kinase is present in the unfertilized and fertilized egg, becomes activated within minutes following fertilization, and has been localized to the cortical cytoplasm and spindle apparatus of the zygote. In order to establish the expression pattern of Fyn in the early embryo, we examined the distribution pattern of Fyn by immunofluorescence microscopy. Fyn protein is distributed evenly among cells of the cleavage stage zebrafish embryo and is concentrated in the cortical region of each cell. During blastula and gastrula stages, Fyn was expressed in all cells, however a subpopulation of cells exhibited strong nuclear staining for Fyn. Nuclear Fyn staining was not observed after the gastrula period of development, nor in the adult zebrafish. Immunoprecipitation of Fyn from isolated mid‐blastula nuclei confirmed Fyn was present in the nucleus. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of Fyn kinase, which lacks a nuclear localization signal, present in the nucleus. The transient compartmentalization of Fyn in the nucleus could be important in nuclear signaling. Anat Rec 260:115–123, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
National survey of stress ulcer prophylaxis.

OBJECTIVE To determine the rationale for using stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) among clinicians; to assess criteria used to define failure of SUP; and to evaluate the decision-making process in the selection of a prophylactic agent. DESIGN A cross-sectional national mail survey. SETTING Random sample of the members of the Society of Critical Care Medicine who identified anesthesiology, surgery, or internal medicine as their primary specialty area. PATIENTS None. INTERVENTION None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Questionnaires consisting of multiple-choice and short-answer questions were sent to a simple random sample of 1,268 physicians to assess the current practice of SUP. A total of 328 usable questions were returned, resulting in a response rate of 26%. All percentages reported in the results are based on the total number of responses. The risk factors for SUP that were most commonly identified were burns (91%), shock (90%), and sepsis (88%). These were also risk factors for which the respondents most commonly started SUP. Histamine-2-receptor (H2)-antagonists as a class, were the most commonly used prophylactic agents (67%). The most commonly used agents for SUP were ranitidine (31%), famotidine (24%), sucralfate (24%), and cimetidine (12%). Most respondents selected ranitidine for ease of administration, famotidine because of formulary availability, sucralfate for a better side effects profile, and cimetidine for cost-effectiveness. Eighty-two percent of respondents considered the presence of bright red blood in the nasogastric tube as failure of SUP. In cases where SUP failed, most respondents would add a second agent from a different therapeutic class. Of those respondents who used an H2-antagonist initially, 48% would add sucralfate, 36% would add antacid, and 13% would add omeprazole. Of those respondents who used sucralfate, 77% would add an H2-antagonist when SUP failed. For those respondents who would switch to another agent when the H2-antagonist failed, 52% would change to omeprazole, whereas 67% would change to an H2-antagonist when sucralfate failed. Only eight respondents would discontinue SUP when risk factors were resolved. Most respondents would discontinue SUP when the patient was no longer in the "nothing by mouth" status (28%), started on enteral feeding (23%), or discharged from the intensive care unit (21%). The mean duration of SUP was 6.3+/-4.5 (SD) days. CONCLUSIONS This survey highlighted the lack of consensus in the use of SUP. Many patients receive SUP for an extended period, without clear-cut indications or documented benefit. The cost of unwarranted SUP in patients with low risk of stress ulcer gastrointestinal bleeding is prohibitive. Treatment algorithms or protocols for SUP based on prescribing patterns, hospital formulary restrictions, and cost-analysis should be considered for each institution to guide critical care physicians on the proper use of SUP therapies.
A Training and Educational Demonstration for Improving Maintenance Practices

Improper and unnecessary maintenance actions can result in a waste of resources, time, and money. Training and education play a vital role in maintenance implementation and can be used to prevent improper maintenance procedures. The Center for Predictive Maintenance (CPM) has developed a demonstration framework and tool that can be used to educate and train users extending from maintainers to leadership on the maintenance process from fault to maintenance action. This demonstration tool will walk an audience through the maintenance process starting with the collection of sensor and historical data, and how it is then integrated to create predictive models. Finally, the data and results are displayed in unique dashboards that provide personnel with the information needed to make educated decisions on the condition and maintenance of their system.
SOME SUBCORTICAL EFFERENT CONNECTIONS OF THE LATERAL THALAMIC NUCLEUS

The connections of the various regions of the brain have been traced with great difficulty because the available techniques failed to differentiate between normal and degenerated fibers or were not applicable to serial paraffin sections thereby making it difficult to develop three dimensional concepts of fiber connections. It is the purpose of this report to describe a new modified colloidal silver technique which is applicable to paraffin and celloidin sections and permits the investigator to trace amyelinated as well as myelinated normal as well as degenerated fibers. Its effectiveness is illustrated by the successful deiiionstration of some subcortical efferent connections of the lateral thalamic nucleus which have not been reported previously. Much of the early work on the connections in the nervous system was based on Weigert preparations. In the case of the fiber connections of the lateral nuclear mass of the interbrain, Weigert preparations which suggested a multiple fiber system proved inadequate since the courses of these fibers could be traced to their approximate destination only with considerable difficulty as myelinated fibers alone would be stained. This difficulty can be overcome by the application of the Weigert method and silver impregnation techniques to alternate serial paraffin sections. The picture from both types of methods may be superimposed and the predominant connections traced. Another method for the detection of myelinated fibers has been the Marchi technique. It is applicable only to the myelinated tracts and even here difficulty in interpretation is often experienced because fibers often lose their myelin before their termination. The bouton method for ascertaining the synaptic terminations of
Modification and Use of an Electric Hygrometer for Estimating Relative Stomatal Apertures.

The need for measurement of stomatal apertures arises in many kinds of investigations, including studies of gas diffusion through stomates, physiology of stomatal control, and penetration of applied solutes into the leaf. Sometimes the measurements need to be made rapidly on many leaves or repeatedly on selected leaves without inflicting injury or seriously altering stomatal functions.
Strategic terrorism: The framework and its fallacies

Abstract This article seeks to lay out a comprehensive framework by which those who utilize a campaign of strategic terrorism seek to attain their ends. It identifies a distinctive modus operandi: 1) disorientation: to alienate the authorities from their citizens, reducing the government to impotence in the eyes of the population; 2) target response: to induce a target to respond in a manner that is favorable to the insurgent cause; 3) gaining legitimacy: to exploit the emotional impact of the violence to insert an alternative political message. By elucidating the strategy of terrorism, the analysis also reveals its inherent limitations. Resting on the premise that a militarily more powerful adversary will in some way feel restrained from bringing the full force of its military superiority to bear, the strategy relies exclusively on the exploitation of the psychological effects of armed action, thereby rendering it vulnerable to those who are willing to view the resolution of clashes of interest principally in terms of the tangibles of military power.
Patients, doctors, and therapists perceptions of professional roles in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: Do they agree?

Spinal cord injury is a devastating condition, requiring extensive rehabilitation from a range of health care professionals. However, it is unclear if patients view the professionals' input into their rehabilitation in the same way as those professionals. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study into patient participation in spinal cord injury rehabilitation. The aim of the part of the study reported here was to identify whether there is agreement between health care professionals and patients perceptions of professional roles in spinal cord injury rehabilitation. Results are presented from semi-structured interviews conducted with five doctors, five physiotherapists, three occupational therapists and 20 patients in a spinal cord injury unit in England. Findings suggest considerable agreement between professionals and patients about the role those professionals play in their rehabilitation. Physiotherapists are perceived to be key to rehabilitation, occupational therapists focus on hand function but physiotherapists and occupational therapists complement each other. Doctors coordinate the team yet reduce their input as patients move out of the acute phase into rehabilitation. There are some tensions but the early input of these professionals into patients' rehabilitation may help to develop understanding of roles. Congruence between patients and professionals may mean that patients have realistic expectations and encourage a more equal relationship between them.