Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Frequency Delay Outburst in the Active Galactic Nucleus using the Discrete Correlation Function

Using methods described earlier (Volvech et al., 2006) we can eliminate certain oscillations in available data. At the same time CrAO's database contains brightness curves of large number of sources at multiple frequencies. If we determine phase relationship between founded oscillations at different frequencies we can obtain some new intelligence about properties of medium where these oscillations propagate.
How Control System Design Affects Performance Evaluation Compression: The Role of Information Accuracy and Outcome Transparency

Prior research has shown that managers tend to compress ratings when subjectively evaluating employees and that such compression can have negative organizational consequences. We reason that organizations can use the design of their control system to influence the personal costs and benefits associated with managers' rating decisions and thus shape managers’ rating behavior. Based on findings from prior literature, we focus on the effects of two control system design elements: the accuracy of the information on which managers need to base their evaluations and the transparency about performance evaluation outcomes. We hypothesize that increasing information accuracy will increase the extent to which managers differentiate between stronger and weaker employees, but only when there is transparency about evaluation outcomes. Our experimental data support this hypothesis, and we discuss the implications of our findings for management accounting theory and practice.
High-pressure Raman spectroscopic study of Fo 90 hydrous wadsleyite

Raman spectra of monoclinic Fo90 hydrous wadsleyite with 2.4 wt% H2O have been measured in a diamond-anvil cell with helium as a pressure-transmitting medium to 58.4 GPa at room temperature. The most intense, characteristic wadsleyite modes, the Si–O– Si symmetric stretch at 721 cm 1 and the symmetric stretch of the SiO3 unit at 918 cm , shift continuously to 58.4 GPa showing no evidence of a first order change in the crystal structure despite compression well beyond the stability field of wadsleyite in terms of pressure. The pressure dependence of these two modes is nearly identical for Fo90 hydrous and Fo100 anhydrous wadsleyite. A striking feature in the high-pressure Raman spectra of Fo90 hydrous wadsleyite is the appearance of new Raman modes above 9 GPa in the mid-frequency range (300–650 cm 1 at 1-bar and shifted to 500–850 cm 1 at 58.4 GPa) accompanied by a significant growth in their intensities under further compression. In the OH stretching frequency range Fo90 hydrous wadsleyite exhibits a larger number of modes than the Mg endmember phase. The higher number of modes may be due to either additional protonation sites or simply that we observe a different subset of all possible OH modes for each sample. The high-pressure behaviour of the OH stretching modes of Fo90 and Fo100 hydrous wadsleyite is consistent: OH stretching modes with frequencies <3,530 cm 1 decrease with increasing pressure whereas the higher-frequency OH modes show a close to constant pressure dependence to at least 13.2 GPa. The approximately constant pressure dependence of the OH modes above 3,530 cm 1 is consistent with protons being located at the O1ÆÆÆO edges around M3.
Testing Focus Groups as a Tool for Connecting Indigenous and Local Knowledge on Abundance of Natural resources with Science‐Based Land Management Systems

One of the clearly stated intentions of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is to bring both “western scientific” and “indigenous and local” knowledge systems within synthetic global, regional, and thematic assessments. A major challenge will be how to use, and quality‐assure, information derived from different knowledge systems. We test how indigenous and local knowledge on natural resources in Miskito and Mayangna communities in Nicaragua, validated through focus groups with community members, compares with information collected on line transects by trained scientists. Both provide comparable data on natural resource abundance, but focus groups are eight times cheaper. Such approaches could increase the amount and geographical scope of information available for assessments at all levels, while simultaneously empowering indigenous and local communities who generally have limited engagement in such processes.
Enerji ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisinin çok değişkenli (VAR) yaklaşımı ile tahmini

The relationship between energy and economic growth is an important indicator for giving direction to economic policies. From this point this paper examines the casual relationship between economic growth and energy use for the period 19752006 in Turkey. Using Granger causality and multivariate vector autoregression tecchnique, the emprical results indicate that Granger causality is running from energy consumption to labour, and also from capital to economic growth.
A study of the influence of sustainable management activities on customer satisfaction and long-term orientation in the shipping industry: evidence from users of Korean flagged shipping service

Since the concept of sustainability emerged as a new business paradigm, sustainable management has become one of the main topics among academic researchers and business practitioners. It is widely agreed that supply chain capabilities play a pivotal role in meeting customers' needs better through well-balanced integration of green marketing and eco-friendly SCM. However, many of previous studies mainly focused on the environmental aspect of sustainable management, lacking of comprehensive insight into its impact on customer relationship. Aiming to fill this literature gap, this paper empirically investigates the influence of sustainable management activities (SMA) on customer satisfaction (CS) and long-term orientation (LTO). The data were collected from 214 users of Korean flagged shipping service (shippers, freight forwarders and third party logistics service providers in Korea) and structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to test the hypothesised relationships. The findings in this study are expected to contribute to establishing the strategy for effective sustainable management to enhance customer satisfaction and retention.
Nitric Oxide–Triggered Remodeling of Chloroplast Bioenergetics and Thylakoid Proteins upon Nitrogen Starvation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii[W]

During nitrogen starvation under mixotrophic conditions, thylakoids undergo extensive remodeling, leading to photosynthesis inactivation and increased chlororespiration. Degradation of specific photosynthetic protein complexes is triggered by the intracellular production of NO that originates from the rerouting of intracellular nitrite. Starving microalgae for nitrogen sources is commonly used as a biotechnological tool to boost storage of reduced carbon into starch granules or lipid droplets, but the accompanying changes in bioenergetics have been little studied so far. Here, we report that the selective depletion of Rubisco and cytochrome b6f complex that occurs when Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is starved for nitrogen in the presence of acetate and under normoxic conditions is accompanied by a marked increase in chlororespiratory enzymes, which converts the photosynthetic thylakoid membrane into an intracellular matrix for oxidative catabolism of reductants. Cytochrome b6f subunits and most proteins specifically involved in their biogenesis are selectively degraded, mainly by the FtsH and Clp chloroplast proteases. This regulated degradation pathway does not require light, active photosynthesis, or state transitions but is prevented when respiration is impaired or under phototrophic conditions. We provide genetic and pharmacological evidence that NO production from intracellular nitrite governs this degradation pathway: Addition of a NO scavenger and of two distinct NO producers decrease and increase, respectively, the rate of cytochrome b6f degradation; NO-sensitive fluorescence probes, visualized by confocal microscopy, demonstrate that nitrogen-starved cells produce NO only when the cytochrome b6f degradation pathway is activated.
A Meta‐Analysis of FDI and Productivity Spillovers in Developing Countries

markdownabstractThis meta-analysis reviews the intrasector heterogeneity of productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) in 31 developing countries through a larger more comprehensive data set. We investigate how the inconsistencies in the reported spillover findings are affected by publication bias, characteristics of the data, estimation techniques, and empirical specification, analyzing 1450 spillover estimates from 69 empirical studies published in 1986–2013. Our findings suggest that reported FDI spillover estimates are affected by publication bias. In combination with model misspecification of the primary studies, the bias overstates the genuine underlying meta-effect, but the meta-effect remains economically and statistically significant. Our results emphasize that spillovers and their sign largely depend systematically on specification characteristics of the primary studies and publication bias. Publication bias is not caused by “best practice” choices. Future research needs to cover more developing countries and to investigate not only whether spillovers occur, but also to explore inside the black box of how spillovers actually emerge.
Preliminary study of non-invasive shock wave treatment of capsular contracture after breast implant: Animal model

The incidence rate of capsular contracture after breast implant is about 8% to 12%. Patients would feel extremely uncomfortable after scar formation. Administering oral medications (such as vitamin E and Zafirlukast tablets, etc.) or invasive breast capsulectomy surgery was commonly used for capsular contracture repair in clinical therapy. However, the therapeutic effect is still under investigation. Shock waves can be used to remove soft connective tissue in clinical applications. It has been widely used in orthopedics and rehabilitation. No related research paper about shock wave treatment of capsular contracture has been published yet. It might provide another choice for capsular contracture repair. In order to simulate breast implantation, two silica-gel bags filled with normal saline were implanted into New Zealand rabbit's thighs bilaterally as an animal model. Six weeks later, daily shock wave treatment on the right thigh was performed for six weeks after capsular contractures were formed, while the other thigh was used as a control. Then, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to compare the difference between treated and un-treated thighs. Afterwards, pathological sections were analyzed to confirm the findings. It has been demonstrated that shock wave treatments are capable of changing the structure and composition of capsular contractures. The structure of scar became myxoid changed or collagen deposition of scar decreased after shock wave treatment, hence, the formation of scars decreased. Increased myxoid and decreased collagen deposition has also been found.
Value Is in the Eye of the Beholder: Early Visual Cortex Codes Monetary Value of Objects during a Diverted Attention Task

A central concern in the study of learning and decision-making is the identification of neural signals associated with the values of choice alternatives. An important factor in understanding the neural correlates of value is the representation of the object itself, separate from the act of choosing. Is it the case that the representation of an object within visual areas will change if it is associated with a particular value? We used fMRI adaptation to measure the neural similarity of a set of novel objects before and after participants learned to associate monetary values with the objects. We used a range of both positive and negative values to allow us to distinguish effects of behavioral salience (i.e., large vs. small values) from effects of valence (i.e., positive vs. negative values). During the scanning session, participants made a perceptual judgment unrelated to value. Crucially, the similarity of the visual features of any pair of objects did not predict the similarity of their value, so we could distinguish adaptation effects due to each dimension of similarity. Within early visual areas, we found that value similarity modulated the neural response to the objects after training. These results show that an abstract dimension, in this case, monetary value, modulates neural response to an object in visual areas of the brain even when attention is diverted.
Fiber Nonlinearity Mitigation in 32-Gbaud 16QAM Nyquist-WDM Systems

Fiber nonlinearity distortion limits the achievable transmission distance and channel capacity of optical transmission systems. In this paper, we demonstrate an experiment of 1400-km standard single mode fiber transmission of 11 × 32 Gbaud 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation signals with an emphasis on nonlinearity mitigation. Based on the first-order perturbation theory, we present the nonlinearity mitigation principle of the conjugate data repetition (CDR) scheme in a polarization division multiplexed wavelength division multiplexed scenario. Then, we apply several nonlinearity mitigation methods such as CDR, phase-conjugated twin waves (PCTW), digital back propagation (DBP), and the recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm based filtering to the experiment, respectively. Optical Kerr effects of self-phase modulation, intra- and interchannel cross-phase modulation are considered. The experimental results show that CDR demonstrates similar performance to PCTW. By introducing the CDR scheme, the average bit error rate is reduced from 1.92 × 10-2 to 1.76 × 10-3 at the cost of halving the data rate. This corresponds to 3.2-dB Q2 factor promotion, including 1.5 dB improvement in nonlinearity mitigation. In contrast, 1.0-dB Q2 factor promotion is achieved by employing RLS-based filtering and DBP together without sacrificing the data rate.
A Convex Set Based Algorithm to Automatically Generate Haar-Like Features

Design of Haar-like features for pattern recognition is currently carried on fully empirically. Users of this kind of features can whether rely on a fix set of general purpose features, or they can design new ones that according to their own criteria could better capture the pattern to be detected. As a result of this approach, different programmers generate different features. In this paper, the authors introduce an algorithm based on convex set theory aimed at generating Haar-like features automatically. The algorithm generates Haar-like features by approximating close curves with rectangles up to some degree of precision defined by the user. The main input of the algorithm is a set of sample images already segmented, and the output is a set of Haar-like features templates ready to be applied. Although the idea is simple, it is sound, it provides good performance and most importantly, it constitutes a first step towards the automation of Haar-like features design. The authors validate experimentally the efficiency of their method by detecting the eye optical nerve in retinal images. Results of the experimental work suggest that it is possible to get a detection performance similar to that obtained by Viola and Jones using the typical Haar-like features, but with fewer and automatically generated features.
The 1.2 A structure of a novel quorum-sensing protein, Bacillus subtilis LuxS.

In bacteria, the regulation of gene expression in response to changes in cell density is called quorum sensing. The autoinducer-2 production protein LuxS, is involved in a novel quorum-sensing system and is thought to catalyse the degradation of S-ribosylhomocysteine to homocysteine and the autoinducer molecule 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentadione. The crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis LuxS has been determined at 1.2 A resolution, together with the binary complexes of LuxS with S-ribosylhomocysteine and homocysteine to 2.2 and 2.3 A resolution, respectively. These structures show that LuxS is a homodimer with an apparently novel fold based on an eight-stranded beta-barrel, flanked by six alpha-helices. Each active site contains a zinc ion coordinated by the conserved residues His54, His58 and Cys126, and includes residues from both subunits. S-ribosylhomocysteine binds in a deep pocket with the ribose moiety adjacent to the enzyme-bound zinc ion. Access to the active site appears to be restricted and possibly requires conformational changes in the protein involving the movement of residues 125-129 and those at the N terminus. The structure contains an oxidised cysteine residue in the active site whose role in the biological process of LuxS has not been determined. The autoinducer-2 signalling pathway has been linked to aspects of bacterial virulence and pathogenicity. The structural data on LuxS will provide opportunities for targeting this enzyme for the rational design of new antibiotics.
Mimicry and the evolution of premating isolation in Heliconius melpomene Linnaeus

Ecological divergence can cause speciation if adaptive traits have pleiotropic effects on mate choice. In Heliconius butterflies, mimetic patterns play a role in mate detection between sister species, as well as signalling to predators. Here we show that male butterflies from four recently diverged parapatric populations of Heliconius melpomene are more likely to approach and court their own colour patterns as compared with those of other races. A few exceptions, where males were more attracted to patterns other than their own, suggest that some mimetic patterns are sub‐optimal in mate choice. Genotype frequencies in hybrid zones between races of H. melpomene suggest that mating is random, so reinforcement is unlikely to have played a role in intra‐specific divergence. In summary, co‐evolved divergence of colour pattern and mate preference occurs rapidly and is likely the first step in Heliconius speciation.
Identification of Noisy Linear Systems with Discrete Random Input

We propose a new method for the blind deconvolution of a discrete linear system perturbed with additive noise. The method comes from a characterization of discrete variables when perturbed with additive noise with unknown variance together with a characterization of this variance through Hankel matrix. Based on this probabilistic description, an estimator is proposed for the inverse system and the variance of the noise. These estimators are shown to be consistent under weak assumptions, whatever the signal-to-noise ratio is. In particular, the input signal needs not be independently distributed. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, even when nonstationary signals are used as inputs.
A new biosensor detection system to overcome the Debye screening effect: dialysis-silicon nanowire field effect transistor

Background: A silicon nanowire field effect transistor biosensor has four advantages in the detection of small biomolecules. It is mark-free, immediately responsive, highly sensitive, and specific. However, because of environments with a high salt concentration, the Debye screening effect has been a major issue in biological detection. Objective: To overcome Debye screening effect, realize the clinical application of silicon nanowire field effect transistor and verify its specificity and sensitivity. Materials and methods: The test solution was desalted by miniature blood dialyzer, and then the tumor markers were detected by silicon nanowire field effect transistor. Results: Tumor markers in serum were detected successfully and their sensitivity and specificity were verified. Conclusion: This method was found to effectively promote the development of semiconductor materials in biological solution detection.
Mental Illness as a Barrier to Marriage Among Mothers With Out-of-Wedlock Births

This study explores how mental illness shapes transitions to marriage among unwed mothers using augmented data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study. We estimate proportional hazard models to assess the effects of mental illness on the likelihood of marriage over a five year period following a non-marital birth. Diagnosed mental illness was obtained from the survey respondents' prenatal medical records. We find that mothers with mental illness were about two thirds as likely as mothers without mental illness to marry, even after controlling for demographic characteristics, and that human capital, relationship quality, partner selection, and substance abuse explain only a small proportion of the effect of mental illness on marriage.
Importin [alpha] from Arabidopsis thaliana Is a Nuclear Import Receptor That Recognizes Three Classes of Import Signals

Protein import into the nucleus is a two-step process. In vitro import systems from vertebrate cell extracts have shown that several soluble factors are required. One of these factors is the receptor importin [alpha], which binds to nuclear localization signals (NLS) in vitro. We previously cloned an importin [alpha] homolog from Arabidopsis thaliana (At-IMP[alpha]) and demonstrated that this protein was not depleted from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) protoplasts after permeabilization of the plasma membrane (Hicks et al., 1996). To determine if At-IMP[alpha] is functional, we used an in vitro NLS-binding assay. We found that At-IMP[alpha] binding is specific, and the receptor is able to recognize three classes of NLS identified in plants. Purified antibodies to At-IMP[alpha] were used to determine the in vivo location of importin [alpha] in tobacco protoplasts. Importin [alpha] is found in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and it is most highly concentrated at the nuclear envelope. The biochemical properties of nuclear importin [alpha] and localization studies using purified nuclei demonstrate that importin [alpha] is tightly associated with the plant nucleus. Moreover, these results suggest that a fraction of nuclear importin [alpha] interacts with the nuclear pore complex.
Short-circuit contributions of full converter wind turbines

Full converter wind turbines respond differently than directly-connected machines to short circuits. In distinction with directly-connected machines, full-converter wind turbines have a controlled response to system short circuits. Consequently, they do not behave quite like a voltage behind a reactance, as conventional machines do. Also, they do not have a sequence representation in the negative and zero sequences, except as very large equivalent impedances. Modeling of these wind turbines may require modification of existing short circuit programs, which are based on the characteristics of synchronous machines, but the converters can be analyzed in similar manner.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF GLYCERYL TRINITRATE ON VENOUS AND ARTERIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE in vitro; RELEVANCE TO ANTIANGINAL ACTIVITY

1 A quantitative in vitro study has been made of the actions of glyceryl trinitrate and sodium nitrite on vascular smooth muscle (dog femoral artery and saphenous vein; rat portal vein); these have been compared with the actions of papaverine, isoprenaline, salbutamol, pentaerythritol tetranitrate and trimetazidine. 2 Glyceryl trinitrate was more active on the saphenous vein than on the femoral artery in inhibiting noradrenaline and potassium‐induced tone. 3 Unlike glyceryl trinitrate, sodium nitrite and isoprenaline, papaverine and diazoxide inhibited noradrenaline‐induced contractions of venous and arterial smooth muscle to the same extent. 4 The selective dilator effects of glyceryl trinitrate on venous smooth muscle may explain its action in alleviating the pain of angina pectoris. It is suggested that the use of these three vascular smooth muscle preparations (arterial, and veins with and without spontaneous myogenic activity) is a useful initial screening procedure for prospective antianginal drugs acting by venodilatation.