Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Modeling of Internet tra¢c: Linear versus nonlinear canonical correlation analysis of HTTP versus FTP tra¢c

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) are both application-level protocols layered over the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). HTTP is a request/response protocol used for the data transfer over the Internet. The primary function of FTP, on the other hand, is de.ned as transferring . les e¢ciently and reliably among hosts. We study the statistical and dynamical properties of both HTTP and FTP tra¢c. We use Network Simulator (NS) to generate synthesized data for HTTP and FTP traf.c. We use the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) as our statistical analysis tool. Both Linear Canonical Correlation Analysis (LCCA) and Nonlinear Canonical Correlation Analysis (NLCCA) are used to investigate deterministic, “chaotic,” and stochastic features of the signals. Comparison of linear predictor models and nonlinear predictor models suggests that the tra¢c signals possesses nonlinear features. Finally, NLCCA is implemented in a speci.c way, referred to as Alternating Conditional Expectation (ACE).
Minocycline modulates chemokine receptors but not interleukin‐10 mRNA expression in hypoxic‐ischemic neonatal rat brain

Hypoxic‐ischemic (HI) brain injury in the perinatal period causes significant morbidity. Minocycline (MN) is a tetracycline derivative that has reduced brain injury in various animal models of neurodegeneration, including perinatal ischemia. To determine whether MN can modulate the expression of chemokine receptors and interleukin‐10 (IL10) in a model of neonatal brain injury, we produced an HI insult to the right cerebral hemisphere (ipsilateral) of the 7‐day‐old rat (PD7) by right common carotid artery ligation and 2.25 hr of hypoxia in 8% oxygen. MN (45 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (PBS) was injected twice: 2 days and immediately before the HI insult. At 0, 1, 3, and 24 hr and 14 days after HI, total RNA from the ipsilateral and contralateral (exposed to hypoxia only) hemispheres was extracted, reverse transcribed, and amplified with gene‐specific primers using a semiquantitative RT‐PCR for macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α), interferon‐inducible protein (IP‐10), C‐C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5; MIP‐1α receptor), C‐X‐C chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3; IP‐10 receptor), and IL10. We found that, in the ipsilateral hemisphere, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in MIP‐1α, IP‐10, CCR5, and CXCR3 mRNA levels was observed. MN treatment decreased mRNA levels for CCR5 and CXCR3. In contrast, the levels of antiinflammatory cytokine IL10 were markedly decreased as a result of HI insult. Treatment with MN, however, had no effect on IL10. We conclude that MN decreased proinflammatory chemokine receptor expression but had little or no influence on the expression of antiinflammatory cytokine IL10. These effects confirm the antiinflammatory effect of MN in neonatal HI brain injury. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occlusion prediction algorithms for multi-camera network

The mode of object tracking has evolved from single camera tracking to multi-camera tracking over the last few years. Even though multi-camera model overcomes limitations present in single camera system, it introduces complexities of handling network of multiple cameras. In this paper, we propose a novel real time occlusion prediction method for multi-camera network thus reducing complexities and cost of tracking in multi-camera model without losing track of the subject. The proposed method constitutes sequential phases as (a) estimation of direction of relative motion in real plane based on change in bounding pixel positions of tracked subject, (b) constructing algorithms for occlusion prediction, and (c) mitigation of occlusion by awaking a minimal subset of cameras in network. The method uses the pattern of change in the dimensions of bounding box with respect to frame number, obtained by applying background subtraction to the video of mutual motion of the subjects. On the basis of estimated direction of motion it uses proposed algorithms to decide the possibility and proximity of occlusion and thus awaking the minimal set of camera in the network that does not encounter occlusion. The proposed approach has been verified using various video samples and is observed that the proposed method successfully predicts the occurrence of occlusion.
Structural Biology by NMR: Structure, Dynamics, and Interactions

The function of bio-macromolecules is determined by both their 3D structure and conformational dynamics. These molecules are inherently flexible systems displaying a broad range of dynamics on time-scales from picoseconds to seconds. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has emerged as the method of choice for studying both protein structure and dynamics in solution. Typically, NMR experiments are sensitive both to structural features and to dynamics, and hence the measured data contain information on both. Despite major progress in both experimental approaches and computational methods, obtaining a consistent view of structure and dynamics from experimental NMR data remains a challenge. Molecular dynamics simulations have emerged as an indispensable tool in the analysis of NMR data.
L1 Adaptive Control for a Class of Nonaffine-In-Control Nonlinear Systems

Abstract This paper presents an L 1 adaptive controller for a class of nonlinear systems, nonaffine in control. As compared to previous L 1 architectures for nonaffine-in-control systems, the solution discussed in this paper admits a broader class of nonlinear systems by relaxing some of the (restrictive) assumptions previously made. We also consider a more general filtering structure with which we are able to improve performance and robustness of the closed-loop system, compared to prior results of L 1 adaptive control for nonaffine-in-control systems.
Simulation of quenching treatments on bearing components∗

Abstract Current trends towards ‘downsizing’ of rolling bearings result in higher demands on the product properties with respect to higher load carrying capacity and resistance to rolling contact fatigue. The objective to further improve the product performance is a challenge, especially considering the high quality standard of modern bearing steels. Heat treatment and specifically quenching are important for producing the desired product properties and therefore further development of these processes is considered relevant for future generation products. To minimize the amount of testing, computer simulations of the effects from heat treatment processes on the resulting product properties are increasingly used as a development tool. This presentation describes work performed to simulate two different quenching cycles, quenching in oil and quenching in salt, applied during through hardening treatments of SAE 52100 bearing steel, in order to understand and predict the hardening process with respect to phase transformations and residual stress generation.
Effects of Chronic Severe Pulmonary Regurgitation and Percutaneous Valve Repair on Right Ventricular Geometry and Contractility Assessed by Tissue Doppler Echocardiography

Introduction: Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) following repair of right ventricular (RV) outflow obstruction is related to slowly progressive RV dilatation and heart failure and will eventually require surgical intervention, but optimal timing of pulmonary valve replacement is challenging. Tissue Doppler based quantification of RV contractility may offer additional information in the management of these patients. Methods: In a porcine animal model free PR was induced by percutaneous stenting of the pulmonary valve orifice (N = 23). After 1, 2, or 3 months of free PR percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement (PPVR) was performed. Tissue Doppler derived measures of global and regional myocardial contractility were obtained by transthoracic echocardiography, and compared to a sham‐operated control group (N = 9). Results: Free PR is associated with RV dilatation (RV end‐diastolic area increased from 15 ± 3 to 23 ± 7 cm2/m2, P < 0.0001) and a decrease in RV fractional area change from 62 ± 10% to 57 ± 12%, P = 0.08, with no impact of duration of free PR. The isovolumic acceleration, regional strain, and strain rate were unchanged after free PR and after PPVR. No consistent relation of echocardiographic measures of contractility and response to PPVR could be identified. Conclusion: Echocardiographic measures of RV contractility remained unchanged, despite significant RV remodeling following chronic PR and PPVR persistently induced significant recovery in the majority of the animals. These results may imply that Tissue Doppler based measures of RV contractility may not be sufficiently sensitive to be a suitable adjunct to conventional echocardiography in the follow‐up of patients with free PR in order to optimize timing of valve replacement. (Echocardiography 2010;27:854‐863)
Research Paper No . 2008 / 28 Export Productivity and Specialization in China , Brazil , India and South Africa

This paper analyses the patterns of export productivity and trade specialization profiles in the China, Brazil, India and South Africa, and in other regional groupings. In doing so, the investigation calculates a time varying export productivity measure using highly disaggregated product categories. The findings indicate that export productivity is mainly determined by real income and human capital endowments. Importantly, the study reveals significant differences in the export productivity and specialization patterns of countries with comparable per capita income levels. For instance, China’s export productivity and implied export sophistication is in line with that of countries with higher per capita incomes, including some OECD industrial economies.
Contractile responses at the surface of an amphibian egg.

During the course of experiments involving the application of polyelectrolytes to amoebae (Gingell, 1967 a ) it became apparent that highly charged cations are capable of affecting cellular motility. In some circumstances localized applications apparently result in contraction of the cell surface. Korohoda, Forrester, Moreman & Ambrose (1968) subsequently described a reversible charge-dependent response at the surface of isolated amoeba nuclei, which they attributed to nuclear membrane contraction and expansion. Dr Korohoda suggested to me that the surface of Xenopus laevis eggs might be expected to provide a conveniently large experimental system since any contraction would be readily visible. The localized application of cationic polyamino acid solutions close to the cell surface had a remarkable effect: the treated region coalesced into a dense black spot, blackening being due to pigment granule accumulation (Gingell, 1967 a ).
Gutenberg School of Management and Economics Dynamic Programming for the Minimum Tour Duration Problem Discussion Paper Number 1408 Dynamic Programming for the Minimum Tour Duration Problem

The minimum tour duration problem (MTDP) is the variant of the traveling salesman problem with time windows, which consists of finding a time window-feasible Hamiltonian path minimizing the tour duration. We present a new effective dynamic programming (DP)-based approach for the MTDP. When solving the traveling salesman problem with time windows with DP, two independent resources are propagated along partial paths, one for costs and one for earliest arrival times. For dealing with tour duration minimization, we provide a new DP formulation with three resources for which effective dominance and bounding procedures are applicable. This is a non-trivial task because in the MTDP at least two resources depend on each other in a non-additive and non-linear way. In particular, we define consistent resource extension functions (REF) so that dominance is straightforward using componentwise comparison for the respective resource vectors. Moreover, one of the main advantages of the new REF definition is that the DP can be reversed consistently such that the forward DP or any of its relaxations provides bounds for the backward DP, and vice versa. Computational test confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Algebraic Relations and Triangulation of Unlabeled Image Points

In multiview geometry when correspondences among multiple views are unknown the image points can be understood as being unlabeled. This is a common problem in computer vision. We give a novel approach to handle such a situation by regarding unlabeled point configurations as points on the Chow variety $\text{Sym}_m(\mathbb{P}^2)$. For two unlabeled points we design an algorithm that solves the triangulation problem with unknown correspondences. Further the unlabeled multiview variety $\text{Sym}_m(V_A)$ is studied.
Genotype at the P554L Variant of the Hexose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene Is Associated with Carotid Intima-Medial Thickness

Objective The combined thickness of the intima and media of the carotid artery (carotid intima-medial thickness, CIMT) is associated with cardiovascular disease and stroke. Previous studies indicate that carotid intima-medial thickness is a significantly heritable phenotype, but the responsible genes are largely unknown. Hexose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH) is a microsomal enzyme whose activity regulates corticosteroid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue; variability in measures of corticosteroid metabolism within the normal range have been associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We performed a genetic association study in 854 members of 224 families to assess the relationship between polymorphisms in the gene coding for hexose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD) and carotid intima-medial thickness. Methods Families were ascertained via a hypertensive proband. CIMT was measured using B-mode ultrasound. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging common variation in the H6PD gene were genotyped. Association was assessed following adjustment for significant covariates including “classical” cardiovascular risk factors. Functional studies to determine the effect of particular SNPs on H6PDH were performed. Results There was evidence of association between the single nucleotide polymorphism rs17368528 in exon five of the H6PD gene, which encodes an amino-acid change from proline to leucine in the H6PDH protein, and mean carotid intima-medial thickness (p = 0.00065). Genotype was associated with a 5% (or 0.04 mm) higher mean carotid intima-medial thickness measurement per allele, and determined 2% of the population variability in the phenotype. Conclusions Our results suggest a novel role for the H6PD gene in atherosclerosis susceptibility.
Dual Roles for Glucokinase in Glucose Homeostasis as Determined by Liver and Pancreatic β Cell-specific Gene Knock-outs Using Cre Recombinase*

Glucokinase (GK) gene mutations cause diabetes mellitus in both humans and mouse models, but the pathophysiological basis is only partially defined. We have used cre-loxPtechnology in combination with gene targeting to perform global, β cell-, and hepatocyte-specific gene knock-outs of this enzyme in mice. Gene targeting was used to create a triple-loxed gk allele, which was converted by partial or total Cre-mediated recombination to a conditional allele lacking neomycin resistance, or to a null allele, respectively. β cell- and hepatocyte-specific expression of Cre was achieved using transgenes that contain either insulin or albumin promoter/enhancer sequences. By intercrossing the transgenic mice that express Cre in a cell-specific manner with mice containing a conditional gk allele, we obtained animals with either a β cell or hepatocyte-specific knock-out of GK. Animals either globally deficient in GK, or lacking GK just in β cells, die within a few days of birth from severe diabetes. Mice that are heterozygous null for GK, either globally or just in the β cell, survive but are moderately hyperglycemic. Mice that lack GK only in the liver are only mildly hyperglycemic but display pronounced defects in both glycogen synthesis and glucose turnover rates during a hyperglycemic clamp. Interestingly, hepatic GK knock-out mice also have impaired insulin secretion in response to glucose. These studies indicate that deficiencies in both β cell and hepatic GK contribute to the hyperglycemia of MODY-2.
Perceiving Bimodally Specified Events in Infancy

Four-month-old infants can perceive bimodally specified events. They respond to relationships between the optic and acoustic stimulation that carries information about an object. Infants can do this by detecting the temporal synchrony of an object's sounds and its optically specified impacts. They are sensitive both to the common tempo and to the simultaneity of such sounds and visible impacts. These findings support the view that intermodal perception depends at least in part on the detection of invariant relationships in patterns of light and sound.
Caregiver word reading literacy and health outcomes among children treated in a pediatric nephrology practice

Background Caregivers play a major role in the healthcare of pediatric patients, particularly during childhood and adolescence. This study examined the impact of caregivers' functional literacy on the health outcomes of adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Methods Caregiver–child dyads in a Southeastern US pediatric nephrology clinic participated in this cross-sectional study. We collected demographic information, data on caregivers' functional literacy skills (Wechsler Individual Achievement Test Word Reading Subtest) and child health outcomes (healthcare utilization and adherence). Negative binomial regression analyses were used to test the relationships. Results A total of 98 pediatric patients and their caregivers participated. Caregivers' word reading literacy was associated with their children's healthcare utilization. Patients whose caregivers had lower word reading literacy skills (<7th grade) had greater incidence of emergency room (ER) visits (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 2.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.007, 4.177, P < 0.05) after adjusting for major demographic factors. Patients' hospitalization rates and adherence to medication/diet/appointments were comparable in the two groups. Conclusions Low caregiver functional word reading literacy was negatively related to health outcomes of adolescents with CKD/ESKD as reflected by greater ER visits. Educational materials and teaching strategies (dialysis training protocols, patient education materials) adjusted for low literacy levels may contribute to better outcomes.
Myocardial Infarct Size and Mortality Depend on the Time of Day—A Large Multicenter Study

Background Different studies have shown circadian variation of ischemic burden among patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), but with controversial results. The aim of this study was to analyze circadian variation of myocardial infarction size and in-hospital mortality in a large multicenter registry. Methods This retrospective, registry-based study was based on data from AMIS Plus, a large multicenter Swiss registry of patients who suffered myocardial infarction between 1999 and 2013. Peak creatine kinase (CK) was used as a proxy measure for myocardial infarction size. Associations between peak CK, in-hospital mortality, and the time of day at symptom onset were modelled using polynomial-harmonic regression methods. Results 6,223 STEMI patients were admitted to 82 acute-care hospitals in Switzerland and treated with primary angioplasty within six hours of symptom onset. Only the 24-hour harmonic was significantly associated with peak CK (p = 0.0001). The maximum average peak CK value (2,315 U/L) was for patients with symptom onset at 23:00, whereas the minimum average (2,017 U/L) was for onset at 11:00. The amplitude of variation was 298 U/L. In addition, no correlation was observed between ischemic time and circadian peak CK variation. Of the 6,223 patients, 223 (3.58%) died during index hospitalization. Remarkably, only the 24-hour harmonic was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. The risk of death from STEMI was highest for patients with symptom onset at 00:00 and lowest for those with onset at 12:00. Discussion As a part of this first large study of STEMI patients treated with primary angioplasty in Swiss hospitals, investigations confirmed a circadian pattern to both peak CK and in-hospital mortality which were independent of total ischemic time. Accordingly, this study proposes that symptom onset time be incorporated as a prognosis factor in patients with myocardial infarction.
Spectrum sensing based on STBC higher order statistics for cognitive radio systems

In this paper, we treat the orthogonal space-time block coded signals. Those codes present a redundancy that can be exploited for the enhancement of the detection. We first study the classical energy detector based STBC and prove the benefits of spatial diversity in enhancing the capability of signal detection. Taking advantage of the Alamouti code structure, we propose two statistical metric tests based on high order moments and we evaluate their performances. Simulations results show that the proposed algorithms intend to offer better performance compared to the classical energy detector. Indeed, the first proposed metric test improves the performance in terms of the accuracy of the detection. In fact, the detection probability is improved by almost 18% at 1% false alarm. In the other hand, the second proposed metric offers better performance in terms of robustness to the noise uncertainty, 80% compared to the classical energy detector for an uncertainty level equal to 1 and 2dB.
Opposite roles of myocardin and atrogin‐1 in L6 myoblast differentiation

L6 rat myoblasts undergo differentiation and myotube formation when cultured in medium containing a low‐concentration of serum, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. The role of atrogin‐1, an E3 ligase with well‐characterized roles in muscle atrophy, has not been defined in muscle differentiation. Myocardin is a coactivator of serum response factor (SRF), which together promotes smooth muscle differentiation. Myocardin is transiently expressed in skeletal muscle progenitor cells with inhibitory effects on the expression of myogenin and muscle differentiation. It remains unknown whether myocardin, which undergoes ubiquitination degradation, plays a role in L6 cell differentiation. The current study aimed to investigate the potential roles of myocardin and atrogin‐1 in differentiation of L6 cells. As reported by many others, shifting to medium containing 2% serum induced myotube formation of L6 cells. Differentiation was accompanied by up‐regulation of atrogin‐1 and down‐regulation of myocardin, suggesting that both may be involved in muscle differentiation. As expected, over‐expression of atrogin‐1 stimulated the expression of troponin T and myogenin and differentiation of the L6 myoblasts. Co‐expression of myocardin with atrogin‐1 inhibited atrogin‐1‐induced myogenin expression. Over‐expression of atrogin‐1 decreased myocardin protein level, albeit without affecting its mRNA level. Small‐interfering RNA‐mediated knockdown of atrogin‐1 increased myocardin protein. Consistently, ectopic expression of myocardin inhibited myogenic differentiation. Unexpectedly, myocardin decreased the expression of atrogin‐1 without involving Foxo1. Taken together, our results have demonstrated that atrogin‐1 plays a positive role in skeletal muscle differentiation through down‐regulation of myocardin. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1989–1995, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.