Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal Effects on Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Population Dynamics: A Field Experiment

Abstract Previous studies have postulated that the quality of resources that female gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.), allocate to their eggs may affect the growth, development, and population dynamics of larvae in subsequent generations. To test this hypothesis, we collected eggs from food stressed and unstressed populations and measured critical life history parameters (e.g., dispersal, growth rate, mortality, fecundity) of gypsy moth larvae with a combination of field and laboratory experiments. Larvae from stressed and unstressed source populations showed no differences in overall dispersal, mortality from pathogens and parasitoids, or developmental rate. In smaller laboratory and field rearing studies, there were no significant differences in the relative growth rates, female pupal weights, or fecundity between larvae from stressed and unstressed populations. However, we found that the proportion of males in egg masses from stressed populations were 11% higher than those from unstressed populations. In addition, there was a significant relationship between egg mass size and proportion of males in one of 2 yr of the study. We conclude that nutritionally mediated maternal effects have a relatively minor influence on the population dynamics of the gypsy moth.
Nurses’ and nurse assistants’ beliefs, attitudes and actions related to role and function in an inpatient stroke rehabilitation unit—A qualitative study

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore nurses' and nurse assistants' beliefs, attitudes and actions related to their function in an inpatient stroke rehabilitation unit. BACKGROUND Several attempts have been made to describe nurses' roles and functions in inpatient neurorehabilitation. However, current understandings of the contributions that nurses and nurse assistants make to neurorehabilitation remain sparse. DESIGN Descriptive, interpretive qualitative study. METHODS Participant observations were conducted during 1 month in a stroke rehabilitation unit at a university hospital in the Capital Region of Denmark. The observations were audiorecorded and field notes were taken on the spot. Semistructured interviews with nurses (N = 8) and nurse assistants (N = 6) were performed. The audiorecorded observations, field notes and interviews were transcribed for inductive and deductive content analysis. RESULTS Three main categories with underlying subcategories were identified: (i) the importance of professionalism, (ii) striving for visibility, (iii) the importance of structure. CONCLUSION This study contributes to present understandings of nurses' and nurse assistants' roles and functions in inpatient stroke rehabilitation. We obtained insights into nursing staff's beliefs and attitudes about rehabilitation-as well as their own role and function-and furthermore how the latter affects their actions in daily practice. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The nursing role and function are still not clearly defined. Further education is needed to strengthen the contribution of nursing staff to patients' rehabilitation. Furthermore, focus on developing a professional language and a framework that supports continuity within daily care and rehabilitation is needed.
Behavior genetic investigation of the relationship between spontaneous locomotor activity and the acquisition of morphine self‐administration behavior

There is a significant degree of individual variability in response to drugs of abuse. A goal of behavior genetic studies has been to determine the extent to which observed heterogeneity in drug use can be attributed to genetic and environmental factors and to identify the neurobiological factors involved in vulnerability. Recent hypotheses regarding the predictive value of spontaneous locomotor activity in the acquisition of drug-reinforced behavior are amenable to testing using a behavior genetics approach. Genetic differences in locomotor response to a novel environment were determined in naive and catheterized Lewis, F344, NBR and ACI rats. Operant drug-reinforced behavior was examined in a 23 h access paradigm in which each lever press by a rat produced a 1 mg/kg injection of morphine with a 30 s timeout period (FR 1:TO 30“). Acquisition (7 days), extinction (6 days) and reacquisition (7 days) of morphine self-administration behavior was investigated in all four inbred strains. Large genetic differences in the rate of acquisition and extinction of morphine self administration were found. Lewis rats responded at high rates beginning in the first two days, whereas F344 rats initially respouded at low rates and responding increased gradually over seven days. NBR and ACI rats responded at intermediate levels. When vehicle was substituted for drug there was a significant effect of genotype on the rats of extinction; F344 and ACI increased responding to greater than 175% of drug-response levels, whereas the Lewis response rate decreased gradually and NBR response rate decreased immediately during the first several days. When drug was available again, rates of reacquisition did not differ from original acquisition rates. Drug maintained significantly greater amounts of behavior than vehicle in the Lewis, F344 and NBR rats and was thus shown to serve as a positive reinforcer in these three strains under these conditions. There was a significant genetic correlation among strains between drug intake during the first five days of acquisition and spontaneous locomotor response to a novel environment in catheterized rats. Only the ACI rats showed a significant within-strain correlation. The positive relationship between rate of acquisition of self-administration behavior and loconiotor activity suggests that these two traits are influenced by common or closely linked genes. To this end, the neurobiological substrates that mediate spontaneous locomotor behavior under these environmental conditions may act, in part, as a template for determining the neurobiological substrates that mediate the relative rate of acquisition of morphine-taking behavior under these conditions.
Developing integrated classification system to provide systematic information of science and technology policy

To support evidence-based science and technology policy, it is important to provide information systematically through platforms such as a decision support system. This study suggests an integrated classification system for categorizing information as a way to provide it systematically. The integrated classification system was developed by analysis of relationship among keywords of R&D classification systems in Korea. To establish an integrated classification system, network analysis was performed to define clusters consisting of keywords which have high relationship. Dataset used for analysis was project data from Governmental R&D Survey, and the network was considered undirected weighted network whose nodes are defined as keywords of R&D classification systems. Finally, keywords representing the clusters within the network were defined as criteria of the integrated classification system. In addition, it was discussed that application for integrating and categorizing information to support evidence-based decision-making. Finally, this study is expected to contribute to the advancement of decision support system for evidence-based science and technology policy.
Research of Improved Phylogenetic Profiling Method

In the past few years, great efforts have been made on the improvement of phylogenetic profile method. Most of the researches focused on the selection of reference genome, and so far as we know, no published literature proposed a weight-based phylogenetic profile. In this study, we improved phylogenetic profile method in two aspects: one was to construct weight-based profiles for target proteins; the other was to combine hierarchical cluster method and K-means algorithm to analyze similarity among profiles. Our method make the construction of phylogenetic profile independent on the selection of reference genome, and the results indicated that our refined method performed a better performance.
The cellular source of interleukin-6 during Listeria infection

The cellular source of interleukin-6 (IL-6) during infection of mice with Listeria monocytogenes was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Peritoneal cells taken at intervals from infected mice and cultured in vitro without added stimulus produced high titers of IL-6 peaking 2 days postinfection in a time course similar to that observed in vivo. Adherent cells with the morphology of macrophages were a major source of this IL-6. Spleen cells similarly harvested at intervals and cultured with heat-killed Listeria or heat-killed Brucella organisms as specific and nonspecific stimuli, respectively, showed two distinct IL-6 responses: (i) an early-phase response up to 5 days after infection when IL-6 production was elicited by either a specific or nonspecific stimulus, and when depletion of T cells had no effect, and (ii) a later response 7 to 10 days after infection when very high levels of IL-6 were produced in response to a specific stimulus. This response was lost when T cells were depleted in vitro or in vivo or in spleen cell cultures from mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. However, studies in vivo failed to show an important role for T cells governing serum IL-6. We conclude that most of IL-6 detected in vivo is produced by nonlymphocytes. Whether IL-6 produced by T lymphocytes in local foci of infection has any role in resolution of that infection is unknown.
DETECTION OF THE TIME CONFLICTS FOR SMIL-BASED MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS

In this paper, the mechanism for detecting the time conflicts for SMIL-based multimedia presentations is proposed. The time conflict for SMIL, which is not the syntax error but the semantic error, is defined as the conflict of the attribute values in the SMIL synchronization elements. In addition to the examination of the syntax error, it will be helpful to provide the mechanism of detecting the time conflict in a SMIL presentation while authoring the multimedia presentation. In order to deal with the temporal relationship among the elements efficiently, the SMIL script is first converted to a synchronization model named RTSM (Real-time Synchronization Model). By traversing the RTSM, the firing time (active time) of each transition in the RTSM model could be determined. The case of inconsistency that the firing time of a transition is later than that of its following transition results in a time conflict. The corresponding elements for the pair of conflicting transitions that result in the time conflict are therefore identified.
TiBiD - Trust Building And Matchmaking Support For Virtual Enterprises

Virtual enterprises mostly renounce formal contractual guarantees as a coordination mechanism in order to ensure overall flexibility. However, when formal coordination mechanisms vanish, informal coordination immediately gains increasing importance. As a consequence, trust becomes a decisive issue for all kinds of loosely coupled organizations and especially virtual enterprises. This paper presents some of the results of the three year interdisciplinary research project TiBiD that explored the issues of trust and reputation in the initiation phase of virtual enterprises. The project brought together researchers from three different disciplines - psychology, management research and informatics – to design, explore and evaluate a field experiment on the key question of how trust is built and how trust-building can be supported in the early phase of cooperation processes between distributed and loosely coupled organizational units.
A compensatory counting system: academic skill training.

This article was acceptedjor publication April J2, J996 B asic counting skills are prerequisites to a variety of academic and vocational tasks as well as community survival skills (Baroody & Snyder, 1983; Spradlin, Corter, Stevens, & Friedman, 1974). Couming is often the only math skill required in jobs where persons with menral retardation seek employment (Chandler, 1978; Easterday, 1987). If persons with mental retardation can be taught some basic math skills, such as functional counring, they will have the competence necessary for wider job opportunities and greater independence in the community (Baroody, 1986b; Baroody & Snyder, 1983; ChanclJer, 1978; Spradlin et al., 1974). Sirlingron, Frank, and Carson (1992) found in their study of 142 young adults with mental retardation that one third to one half were competitively employed in the community in service and labor jobs after high school. In competitive employment, workers who cannot counr place hardship on their coworkers without disabilities; for example, the coworker without disability cannot ask, "How many. are there? "; "Could you bring me six of those "; or ''After you clean those three rooms, could you " The coworkers without disabilities have to adapt or complete the task themselves, thus increasing their workload. Occupational therapy practitioners can adapt th.e working environment, use adaptive equipment, and modifY th.e behavior of coworkers without disabilities to provide success for adults who have lower functioning. Occupational therapy practitioners can also use all these same adaptations in the school environmenr to teach Students with disabilities the academic skills they will need in the workplace. Education and transition individualized education programs should expand, not restrict, the range of occupational choices available to a student (Szymanski, 1994). Counting is a skill that enhances one's ability ro be useful and productive in any occupation. Counting typically requires the use of a series of symbols that depict abstractions that persons with mental retardation do not easily understand (Barena-Lorton, 1976). Object counring, as proposed by a number of authors (see review by McEvoy, 1989), is a complex process. It involves rote counring in correct sequence (i.e., one-roone correspondence between the number name and the counting object), recognizing that the last number named is the total, and remembering the objects that have been counted (Fazio, 1994). Developmenrally, it takes approximately 1 year from the time that a child begins to recognize number words to the time that he or she learns that number words refer to a meaningful counting concept (Wynn, 1992). Because counting is a complex process and demands
Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Skin Bleaching in Secondary School in Bohicon, Benin

Skin bleaching is a public health problem in West Africa most studied in general population. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to evaluate the prevalence of the phenomenon in secondary schools in central Benin. The prevalence of voluntary depigmentation (VD) was 36.6%. The sex ratio was 0.49. Gender was statistically associated with VD (p value < 0.000). Bleaching products used were often hydroquinone (42.2%), and corticosteroid (22.7%). The mean duration of the practice was 20 months. Products were applied over all body twice a day in most students. The main dermatological complications of the practice were discoloration (32.2%), stretch marks (20%), acne (18.5%), and fungal infections (13.1%). Parents funded and chose the bleaching products in most cases. This was the first survey conducted in secondary schools in West Africa targeted voluntary depigmentation. The high prevalence of the practice raises some questions, among them the core values of West African societies.
A Self‐Powered, Sub‐nanosecond‐Response Solution‐Processed Hybrid Perovskite Photodetector for Time‐Resolved Photoluminescence‐Lifetime Detection

A self-powered,solution-processed perovskite photodetector with sub-nanosecond response time is presented. Eliminating charge trapping and removing the constraints from the resistance-capacitance constant increases the response speed, which enables them to be applied in a homemade, time-resolved photoluminescence system that successfully resolves the decay process of typical fluorescence and phosphorescent materials with a recombination lifetime from several nanoseconds to microseconds.
Another piece of the puzzle: Firms' investment in training as optimization of skills inventory

By applying the inventory theory to hiring skilled workers under uncertainty, the authors explain how firms decide on their optimum investment in an "inventory of skills. " This paper investigates the conditions under which firms are willing to make investments in a skilled workforce themselves rather than relying on skills produced within the education system or by other companies. By applying inventory theory to investments into apprenticeship training, the authors explain how firms decide on producing an optimum "inventory of skills" today to meet future demand. The authors derive hypotheses on how much firms are willing to invest in having a larger inventory of skilled worker depending on different types of inventory costs (overage cost, underage costs, demand structure). The authors use data from the BIBB Cost-Benefit-Survey 2012/2013, which comprises detailed information on different costs and benefits of training investments from the firm's perspective. The study applies a negative binomial estimation model. Results are threefold: firms are willing to invest in a larger inventory of skilled workers, i.e., to train more apprentices, first, if the costs of producing and retaining an excessive number of skilled workers (overage costs) are lower, second, if the costs of being short of skilled workers (underage costs) are higher, and third, given an identical cost structure, if it is more likely that the demand for skilled worker may be high in the future. Even more important is the relationship of the three: the combination of a firm's critical ratio (underage costs in relation to overage costs) with its demand structure (industry volatility) is associated with a higher inventory of skills. The findings (particularly the relation of underage and overage costs, in combination with the demand structure) have important policy implications for firms' incentives to invest in apprenticeship training.
Reverse translational strategies for developing animal models of bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder (BD) affects a significant portion of the population of the world, yet there has been limited success in developing novel treatments for the disorder. One of the major reasons for this dearth is the absence of suitable animal models for BD. Traditionally, animal models of human phenomena have been evaluated based on similarity to the human syndrome, response to appropriately corresponding medications, and the degree to which a model supports a common mechanistic theory between the human disorder and the model itself. The following review emphasizes the use of ‘reverse translation’, drawing on patient-based findings to develop suitable animal models for BD. We highlight some examples of this strategy, emphasizing their construct validity as a starting point. These studies have produced informative models that have altered the expression of genes/pathways implicated in BD, including the point mutation D181A of mouse mitochondrial DNA polymerase (POLG), glutamate receptor 6 (GluR6), Clock, extracellular regulated kinase 1 (ERK1), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG-1). These studies demonstrate that this method is useful, viable and deserves attention in new efforts to generate animal models of BD.
Multiple Region-of-Interest Based H.264 Encoder with a Detection Architecture in Macroblock Level Pipelining

This paper proposes a region-of-interest (ROI) based H.264 encoder and the VLSI architecture of the ROI detection algorithm. In ROI based video coding system, pre-processing unit to detect ROI should only introduce low computational complexity overhead due to the low power requirement. The Macroblocks (MBs) in ROIs are detected sequentially in the same order of H.264 encoding to satisfy the MB level pipelining of ROI detector and H.264 encoder. ROI detection is performed in a novel estimation-and-verification process with an ROI contour template. Proposed architecture can be configured to detect either single ROI or multiple ROIs in each frame and the throughput of single detection mode is 5.5 times of multiple detection mode. 98.01% and 97.89% of MBs in ROIs can be detected in single and multiple detection modes respectively. Hardware cost of proposed architecture is only 4.68k gates. Detection speed is 753fps for CIF format video at the operation frequency of 200MHz in multiple detection mode with power consumption of 0.47mW. Compared with previous fast ROI detection algorithms for video coding application, the proposed architecture obtains more accurate and smaller ROI. Therefore, more efficient ROI based computation complexity and compression efficiency optimization can be implemented in H.264 encoder.
Transient tether between the SRP RNA and SRP receptor ensures efficient cargo delivery during cotranslational protein targeting

Kinetic control of macromolecular interactions plays key roles in biological regulation. An example of such control occurs in cotranslational protein targeting by the signal recognition particle (SRP), during which the SRP RNA and the cargo both accelerate complex assembly between the SRP and SRP receptor FtsY 102-fold. The molecular mechanism underlying these rate accelerations was unclear. Here we show that a highly conserved basic residue, Lys399, on the lateral surface of FtsY provides a novel RNA tetraloop receptor to mediate the SRP RNA- and cargo-induced acceleration of SRP–FtsY complex assembly. We propose that the SRP RNA, by using its tetraloop to interact with FtsY–Lys399, provides a transient tether to stabilize the early stage and transition state of complex formation; this accelerates the assembly of a stable SRP–FtsY complex and allows the loading of cargo to be efficiently coupled to its membrane delivery. The use of a transient tether to increase the lifetime of collisional intermediates and reduce the dimension of diffusional search represents a novel and effective mechanism to accelerate macromolecular interactions.