Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Edition 1.1 of the PARSEME Shared Task on Automatic Identification of Verbal Multiword Expressions

This paper describes the PARSEME Shared Task 1.1 on automatic identification of verbal multiword expressions. We present the annotation methodology, focusing on changes from last year’s shared task. Novel aspects include enhanced annotation guidelines, additional annotated data for most languages, corpora for some new languages, and new evaluation settings. Corpora were created for 20 languages, which are also briefly discussed. We report organizational principles behind the shared task and the evaluation metrics employed for ranking. The 17 participating systems, their methods and obtained results are also presented and analysed.
The Sch9 protein kinase regulates Hsp90 chaperone complex signal transduction activity in vivo

Basal and stress‐induced synthesis of the components of the highly conserved heat shock protein Hsp90 chaperone complex require the heat shock transcription factor (HSF); Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing the HSF allele HSF(1‐583) reversibly arrest growth at 37°C in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle due to diminished expression of these components. A suppressor mutant capable of restoring high‐temperature growth to HSF(1‐583) cells was identified, harboring a disruption of the SCH9 protein kinase gene, homologous to the protein kinase A and protein kinase B/Akt families of mammalian growth control kinases. Loss of Sch9 in HSF(1‐583) cells derepresses Hsp90 signal transduction functions as demonstrated by restoration of transcriptional activity by the mammalian glucocorticoid receptor and the heme‐dependent transcription factor Hap1, and by enhanced pheromone‐dependent signaling through the Ste11 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). Moreover, Sch9‐deficient cells with normal levels of Hsp90 chaperone complex components display hyperactivation of the pheromone response MAPK pathway in the absence of pheromone. These results demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved function of the Hsp90 chaperone complex as a signal transduction facilitator is modulated by a growth regulatory kinase.
Couples Counseling for Aboriginal Clients Following Intimate Partner Violence

Interventions for family violence in Aboriginal communities should take a culture-based approach and focus on healing for the whole family. The purpose of this research was to identify risk issues from the perspective of service providers for couples counseling with Aboriginal clients following intimate partner violence. A total of 25 service providers participated in over the phone interviews concerning risk with Aboriginal men in couple counseling. Five concepts emerged including (a) collaterals, (b) commitment to change, (c) violence, (d) mind-set, and (e) mental health. It was concluded that culturally competent interventions should involve the entire community and have a restorative approach. The concepts were compared and contrasted with the available literature.
TheMathematicalWork of the 2006 FieldsMedalists

The Notices solicited the following articles about the works of the four individuals to whom Fields Medals were awarded at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Madrid, Spain, in August 2006. (Grigory Perelman was awarded the medal but declined to accept it.) The International Mathematical Union also issued news releases about the medalists’work, and these appeared in the October 2006 Notices . —Allyn Jackson
Atmospheric organochlorine pesticides in the western Canadian Arctic: Evidence of transpacific transport

Concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), chlordane, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were measured in ambient air samples on a weekly basis between December 1992 and January 1995 at Tagish Yukon, Canada. In winter, unusually high air concentrations of HCHs, DDT, and chlordanes at Tagish were predominantly influenced by transpacific long-range atmospheric transport from eastern Asia that generally occurred within 5 days. HCH and heptachlor epoxide concentrations were correlated with the time that air spent over eastern Asia prior to arrival at Tagish. Chlordane and DDT, which also increase with transpacific transport, do not show a correlation with the time the upwind airshed included Asia as the composition of these pesticides in the atmosphere is affected by differences in usage patterns, application methods, variable composition of parent pesticides and metabolites in the soil, and rates of volatilization. Air masses originating from North America had the highest concentrations of HCHs and chlordanes when the 5-day upwind airshed included the western United States. Concentrations of HCHs may also be influenced by lindane usage in Canada.
Stomatal Density as an Indicator of Atmospheric CO2 Concentration

Examining the response of stomatal densities to changing atmospheric CO2 concentrations is an important element in understanding whole plant responses because it effects both water use efficiency and rate of carbon uptake. These two physiological processes have a major influence on the productivity of vegetation. Methods and sources of material that may be used for making stomatal counts are reviewed. The response of stomatal density to changing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 are considered from four types of investigation: 1) field studies on living plants growing at different altitudes; 2) studies on plants grown in controlled environments; 3) historical trends detected from herbarium material and 4) comparisons of historical records with modern material. The results suggest conflicting responses which could, to some extent, be due to methodological differences between workers. The more fundamental questions about the variability of stomatal density within and between species, the action of CO2 in controlling stomatal development, and whether observed responses represent acclimation or genetic adaptation are also discussed.
Distribution and Trends of Discordant Ages of the Plutonic Rocks of Northeastern Washington and Northern Idaho

K-Ar dating of granitic rocks in northeastern Washington and northern Idaho indicates four distinct periods of intrusion at about 200+ m.y. , 170 m.y. , 93 to 101 m.y. , and 45 to 51 m.y. The two oldest events are each represented by only one pluton in the region. Plutons of the 93- to 101-m.y. event are numerous in the eastern and western parts of the region and may have occupied much of the intervening area before the youngest event. Except for a group of unrooted plutons in the upper plate of a thrust fault, no plutonic rocks between the west edge of the Pend Oreille River valley and the Purcell Trench south of lat 48° 15′ N. yielded an age outside the 45- to 51-m.y. bracket. Westward from the Pend Oreille River valley, the plutonic rocks yield successively older ages over a zone 8 to 25 km wide. All coexisting mineral pairs from rocks within this zone yield discordant ages. West of the zone, mineral pairs yield concordant ages in the 93- to 101-m.y. range. The apparent ages were contoured over about 15,000 km 2 , and the position and trend of discordant ages have been delineated. East of the Purcell Trench, a partly preserved mirror image of the Pend Oreille River zone of discordance is disrupted by faults in the trench and in places appears to have been removed. In the vicinity of the Purcell Trench, the apparent ages suggest a complex thermal history probably complicated by faults concealed in the trench. The apparent ages can be contoured at least two different ways, one interpretation assuming that the contours are disrupted by a large fault or fault system in the trench, the other assuming either that no faults exist or that the faults predate the 45 to 51 m.y. intrusions. The contours can also be drawn either being offset by the Hope fault or crossing the fault without interruption. The distribution of granitic rock outcrops around the Purcell Trench and Hope fault is such that a unique solution cannot be determined for either area.
Establishment of three-dimensional geodetic control by interferometry with the global positioning system

We consider the theoretical and the practical aspects of using radiointerferometric observations of the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites to establish a three-dimensional, multistation, geodetic control network. We discuss various ways of processing GPS data and try them with observations from a 35-station network in Germany. We examine the reproducibility of interferometric determinations of individual baseline vectors and the three-dimensional vector closure of subnetworks and the whole network. We compare these measures of precision with corresponding predictions based on statistics of interferometric phase residuals. We conclude that the relative positions of stations in the network were determined by GPS interferometry within about 1 part per million (ppm) in both horizontal coordinates and about 1.6 ppm in the vertical. As an external test of horizontal accuracy, we compare baseline lengths with electro-optical distance measurements. The vertical accuracy is tested against determinations, by means of spirit leveling and gravimetry, of the height differences between stations. The differences between the interferometric and the independent determinations are consistent with the uncertainties of the latter. Interferometry with GPS is by far the most efficient method of establishing geodetic control on local and regional scales. This is already true, even though the constellation of satellites is incomplete. The accuracy of regional control by GPS should improve to about 0.1 ppm when interferometry is also used to determine the satellite orbits.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Modify Human Cortical Visual Processing—A Double-Blind, Crossover Study

While cardiovascular and mood benefits of dietary omega-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are manifest, direct neurophysiological evidence of their effects on cortical activity is still limited. Hence we chose to examine the effects of two proprietary fish oil products with different EPA∶DHA ratios (EPA-rich, high EPA∶DHA; DHA-rich) on mental processing speed and visual evoked brain activity. We proposed that nonlinear multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) would be sensitive to any alteration of the neural function induced by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, because the higher order kernel responses directly measure the degree of recovery of the neural system as a function of time following stimulation. Twenty-two healthy participants aged 18–34, with no known neurological or psychiatric disorder and not currently taking any nutritional supplementation, were recruited. A double-blind, crossover design was utilized, including a 30-day washout period, between two 30-day supplementation periods of the EPA-rich and DHA-rich diets (with order of diet randomized). Psychophysical choice reaction times and multi-focal nonlinear visual evoked potential (VEP) testing were performed at baseline (No Diet), and after each supplementation period. Following the EPA-rich supplementation, for stimulation at high luminance contrast, a significant reduction in the amplitude of the first slice of the second order VEP kernel response, previously related to activation in the magnocellular pathway, was observed. The correlations between the amplitude changes of short latency second and first order components were significantly different for the two supplementations. Significantly faster choice reaction times were observed psychophysically (compared with baseline performance) under the EPA-rich (but not DHA-rich) supplementation, while simple reaction times were not affected. The reduced nonlinearities observed under the EPA-rich diet suggest a mechanism involving more efficient neural recovery of magnocellular-like visual responses following cortical activation.
Malachite green‐conjugated microtubules as mobile bioprobes selective for malachite green aptamers with capturing/releasing ability

We have developed a novel mobile bioprobe using a conjugate of a kinesin‐driven microtubule (MT) and malachite green (MG) as a platform for capturing MG RNA aptamers. The fluorescence of MG increases when it is bound to an MG aptamer, allowing MT–MG conjugates to work as sensors of RNA transcripts containing the MG aptamer sequence. Kinesin motor proteins provide an effective driving force to create mobile bioprobes without any manipulation. Although the fluorescence of a small number of MG‐binding aptamers is low, the self‐organization of tubulins into MTs enables the microscopic observation of the bound aptamers by collecting them on MTs. We demonstrate that MT–MG conjugates can select target aptamers from a transcription mixture and transport them without losing their inherent motility. Because the MG aptamer binds MG in a reversible manner, MT–MG conjugates can conditionally load and unload the target aptamers. This is one advantage of this system over the molecular probes developed previously in which reversible unloading is impossible due to high‐affinity binding, such as between avidin and biotin. Furthermore, an MT–MG conjugate can be used as a platform for other MG aptameric sensors with recognition regions for various target analytes optimized by further selection procedures. This is the first step to applying living systems to in vitro devices. This technique could provide a new paradigm of mobile bioprobes establishing high‐throughput in vitro selection systems using microfluidic devices operating in parallel. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
When Migrants Rule: The Legacy of Mass Migration on Economic Development in the United States

This article examines the extent to which the settlement pattern of migrants arriving in the United States during the major migration waves of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries left a legacy on the economic development of the counties where newcomers settled and whether this legacy endures today. Using data from the 1880, 1900, and 1910 censuses, we first look at the geography of migration by county in the forty-eight continental states. We then link this settlement pattern to current levels of local development—proxied by per-capita gross domestic product at the county level in 2005—while controlling for a number of factors that could have influenced both the location of migrants at the time of migration and the economic development of the county today. The results of the analysis underline that the earlier migration waves have left an indelible trace on territories that still determines local economic performance. U.S. counties that attracted large numbers of migrants more than a century ago remain more dynamic today than counties that did not. The results also show that the territorial imprint of migration has become more pervasive than all other local characteristics that would have shaped the economic performance of U.S. counties in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Discrete-Time Control Systems Approach for Optimal Smoothing Splines

We consider the problem of designing optimal smoothing spline curves by employing an approach based on linear control systems. First, the problem is formulated using continuous-time, time-invariant systems with piecewise constant inputs. Then by introducing discrete time-varying systems, the solutions for optimal splines including periodic splines are derived. The existence conditions for unique optimal solutions are established, where the concepts of controllability and observability play central roles. The computational procedures for the optimal splines are straightforward. The design method for periodic splines is applied to a shape synthesizing problem using jellyfish as the example.
An Assessment of Learned Score Features for Modeling Expressive Dynamics in Music

The study of musical expression is an ongoing and increasingly data-intensive endeavor, in which machine learning techniques can play an important role. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the utility of unsupervised feature learning in the context of modeling expressive dynamics, in particular note intensities of performed music. We use a note centric representation of musical contexts, which avoids shortcomings of existing musical representations. With that representation, we perform experiments in which learned features are used to predict note intensities. The experiments are done using a data set comprising professional performances of Chopin's complete piano repertoire. For feature learning we use Restricted Boltzmann machines, and contrast this with features learned using matrix decomposition methods. We evaluate the results both quantitatively and qualitatively, identifying salient learned features, and discussing their musical relevance.
Current status of the Asthma and Allergy Database

The database provides an online resource for access to data on the genetics of asthma and allergy. This report describes the present status of the site. Currently, a detailed description of 88 linkage studies (7164 linkage positions) and 72 mutation studies are available. The results can be accessed in table form or graphically. The database also contains mouse asthma studies and human homology relationships, gene expression studies and links to relevant patents. Technical details about the server architecture, database installation, database construction, database structure and the user interface are explained elsewhere [Wjst and Immervoll (1998) Bioinformatics, 14, 827-828]. The URL is http://cooke.gsf. de
Forecasting counts of user visits for online display advertising with probabilistic latent class models

Display advertising is a multi-billion dollar industry where advertisers promote their products to users by having publishers display their advertisements on popular Web pages. An important problem in online advertising is how to forecast the number of user visits for a Web page during a particular period of time. Prior research addressed the problem by using traditional time-series forecasting techniques on historical data of user visits; (e.g., via a single regression model built for forecasting based on historical data for all Web pages) and did not fully explore the fact that different types of Web pages have different patterns of user visits. In this paper we propose a probabilistic latent class model to automatically learn the underlying user visit patterns among multiple Web pages. Experiments carried out on real-world data demonstrate the advantage of using latent classes in forecasting online user visits.
Performance Improvement of Dimmable VLC System with Variable Pulse Amplitude and Position Modulation Control Scheme

Dimming support is one of the main challenges for visible light communication (VLC). In this paper, we propose a multilevel combined modulation scheme to provide both information transmission and dimming control functions. This dimming control scheme is done by the combination of M-2-PAPM (pulse amplitude position modulation) with pulse width modulation, and is called variable pulse amplitude and position modulation (VPAPM). To investigate its performance, we compare it with other modulation schemes for dimmable VLC system in terms of power and bandwidth efficiencies. In addition, we establish a system model to analyze its BER performance. The results show that the proposed scheme has higher bandwidth efficiency than other schemes, and also can provide good power efficiency, which make it an alternative modulation scheme for VLC.
Search-based system testing: high coverage, no false alarms

Modern test case generation techniques can automatically achieve high code coverage. If they operate on the unit level, they run the risk of generating inputs infeasible in reality, which, when causing failures, are painful to identify and eliminate. Running a unit test generator on five open source Java programs, we found that all of the 181 reported failures were false failures—that is, indicating a problem in the generated test case rather than the program. By generating test cases at the GUI level, our EXSYST prototype can avoid such false alarms by construction. In our evaluation, it achieves higher coverage than search-based test generators at the unit level; yet, every failure can be shown to be caused by a real sequence of input events. Whenever a system interface is available, we recommend considering search-based system testing as an alternative to avoid false failures.
Application of artificial neural engineering and regression models for forecasting shelf life of instant coffee drink

Coffee as beverage is prepared from the roasted seeds (beans) of the coffee plant. Coffee is the second most important product in the international market in terms of volume trade and the most important in terms of value. Artificial neural engineering and regression models were developed to predict shelf life of instant coffee drink. Colour and appearance, flavour, viscosity and sediment were used as input parameters. Overall acceptability was used as output parameter. The dataset consisted of experimentally developed 50 observations. The dataset was divided into two disjoint subsets, namely, training set containing 40 observations (80% of total observations) and test set comprising of 10 obs ervations (20% of total observations). The network was trained with 500 epochs. Neural network toolbox under Matlab 7.0 software was used for training the models. From the investigation it was revealed that multiple linear regression model was superior over radial basis model for forecasting shelf life of instant coffee drink.
GaussSense: attachable stylus sensing using magnetic sensor grid

This work presents GaussSense, which is a back-of-device sensing technique for enabling input on an arbitrary surface using stylus by exploiting magnetism. A 2mm-thick Hall sensor grid is developed to sense magnets that are embedded in the stylus. Our system can sense the magnetic field that is emitted from the stylus when it is within 2cm of any non-ferromagnetic surface. Attaching the sensor behind an arbitrary thin surface enables the stylus input to be recognized by analyzing the distribution of the applied magnetic field. Attaching the sensor grid to the back of a touchscreen device and incorporating magnets into the corresponding stylus enable the system 1) to distinguish touch events that are caused by a finger from those caused by the stylus, 2) to sense the tilt angle of the stylus and the pressure with which it is applied, and 3) to detect where the stylus hovers over the screen. A pilot study reveals that people were satisfied with the novel sketching experiences based on this system.
Considerations in the Design of Hydra: A Multiprocessor-on-a-Chip Microarchitecture

As more transistors are integrated onto larger dies, single-chip multiprocessors integrated with large amounts of cache memory will soon become a feasible alternative to the large, monolithic uniprocessors that dominate today''s microprocessor marketplace. Hydra offers a promising way to build a small-scale MP-on-a-chip using a fairly simple design that still maintains excellent performance on a wide variety of applications. This report examines key parts of the Hydra design -- the memory hierarchy, the on-chip buses, and the control and arbitration mechanisms -- and explains the rationale for some of the decisions made in the course of finalizing the design of this memory system, with particular emphasis given to applications that stress the memory system with numerous memory accesses. With the balance between complexity and performance that we obtain, we feel Hydra offers a promising model for future MP-on-a-chip designs.