Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scalp and Intracranial EEG-fMRI in Epilepsy

The choice of treatment for epilepsy patients relies on the identification and characterization of epileptic discharges and the type of epilepsy. The continued lack of a universally applied gold standard in presurgical evaluation has opened the ways to the investigation of new localizing and mapping tools in difficult cases including simultaneous EEG-fMRI, which can be used to map interictal and ictal discharges-related haemodynamic networks. The rapid increase in the literature on EEG-fMRI attests to its promised contribution in understanding of epilepsy-related and physiological networks of the brain. Its applications to investigate epileptic networks in humans have evolved since the mid 1990’s, and has yielded a better knowledge of the generation, propagation and particularly localisation of epileptic discharges, as well their interaction with the physiological and pathological brain networks. Here, we review the published literature to raise the awareness of different concepts pertaining to the applications of simultaneous EEGfMRI in epilepsy and discuss their potential impact on our understanding of epilepsy and its clinical management. We also describe our perspectives regarding possible future roles of the technique in epilepsy.a
Documentation for safety critical software

The authors review some of the fundamental difficulties presented by the design and the validation of software for safety critical applications. They suggest that software formal documentation techniques ameliorate the problems described. The principles behind a method of documenting both requirements and software design are presented. The methods have been used by the Atomic Energy Control Board of Canada in its safety assessment of the shutdown software of the Darlington generating station (D.L. Parnas et al., 1991). The method is illustrated by applying it to a small portion of the safety feature actuation system of a PWR nuclear reactor. <<ETX>>
Expression of MUC1 and MUC2 in Ampullary Cancer

Background. Mucins are high-molecular-weight glycoproteins that play important roles in carcinogenesis or tumor invasion. The authors investigated the expression of mucins in ampullary cancer. Methods. MUC1 and MUC2 expressions were examined using immunohistochemistry. Tissue samples were obtained from 32 patients with ampullary cancer who underwent resection at Yamagata University Hospital, Japan. The authors classified the cases with ampullary cancer into 2 subtypes—pancreatobiliary type (PB type) and intestinal type (I type)—using H&E, MUC1, and MUC2 staining. Then, the authors made a comparison of the clinicopathologic data of the 2 subtypes. Results. Fourteen patients (44%) were classified as PB type and 18 patients (56%) as I type. The PB-type group had significantly worse histopathologic characteristics than the I-type group in nodal involvement (PB type 57% vs I type 22%; P = .04), perineural invasion (PB type 50% vs I type 17%; P = .04), duodenal invasion (PB type 100% vs I type 33%; P = .01), and pancreatic invasion (PB type 71% vs I type 33%; P = .03). The PB-type group had significantly worse outcome than the I-type group (5-year survival: PB type 40% vs I type 72%; P = .03). Conclusion. PB-type ampullary cancers were more aggressive than I-type carcinomas. MUC1 and MUC2 expression was useful for classification as PB or I type.
Crowdsourcing Synchronous Spectator Support: (go on, go on, you're the best)n-1

Many studies have shown that crowd-support, such as cheering during sport events, can have a positive impact on athletes' performance. However, up until recently this support was only possible if the supporters and the athletes were geographically co-located. Can cheering be done remotely and would this be effective? In this paper we investigate the effect and possibilities of live remote cheering on co-located athletes and online supporting crowds that have a weak social tie and no social tie with the athlete. We recruit 140 online spectators and 5 athletes for an ad-hoc 5km road race. Results indicate that crowds socially closer to the athletes are significantly more engaged in the support. The athletes were excited by live remote cheering from friendsourced spectators and cheering from unknown crowdsourced participants indicating that remote friends and outsourced spectators could be an important source of support.
Effect of bandaging on postoperative swelling after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy

Summary Objective: To compare the effects of bandaging on immediate postoperative swelling using a modified Robert-Jones bandage after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs. Study design: Prospective case series. Methods: Dogs undergoing a TPLO were randomly placed into two groups. Group 1 received a modified Robert-Jones bandage postoperatively for a 24 hour period and Group 2 was not bandaged. Hindlimb circumference was measured at the level of the mid-patella, the distal aspect of the tibial crest, the midpoint of the tibial diaphysis and the hock. Measurements were recorded and compared in each group preoperatively and at 24 hours and 48 hours post-operatively. Interobserver variability was compared between the two observers. Results: There was no significant difference in postoperative swelling, as measured by the percentage change in circumference, between bandaged and unbandaged operated limbs after the TPLO at 24 and 48 hours at any site. Some significant differences in measurement at particular sites were observed between the two different observers, but there was a significant linear correlation at all sites between observers. The observer with the least experience consistently had slightly higher measurements at these sites. Clinical relevance: The use of a modified Robert-Jones bandage after TPLO did not prevent statistically significant postoperative swelling, and thus may not be indicated for this purpose. Postoperative bandages placed to control swelling after other small animal orthopaedic procedures should be evaluated individually for efficacy.
The Effect of Situational Perceptions and Anger on a Consumer's Communication Activeness

In this study, we consider the integration of cognitive components and emotion to account for communication behaviors and activism on a consumer advocacy website. The challenge of integrating situational theory and anger activism model was empirically explored utilizing an online survey with the members of the virtual community, which was designed to raise issues and to protest against the product defects of a product. Our findings indicated that along with the cognitive perception in the situational theory, anger as a negative emotion was the most significant predictor strongly associated with communication behaviors and activism on the organization. More interestingly, the model that integrates anger with cognitive components significantly improves its explanatory power compared with one including only cognitive components as explanatory variables.
ID-based cryptographic schemes using a non-interactive public-key distribution system

Shamir (1984) proposed the idea of a cryptographic system based on identification information and presented an identity-based signature scheme. He also presented as an open problem to find an ID-based public-key cryptosystem or public-key distribution system. In the past, many ID-based public-key distribution systems have been proposed. However, none of these is an ID-based system in Shamir's sense because each user's public key is not only the identity of the entity but also some additional random numbers. Maurer and Yacobi (1991) developed a non-interactive ID-based public-key distribution system. In their scheme, except for the identity of the entity, there were no public keys, certificates for public keys or other information required to be exchanged. However, they did not construct an ID-based signature scheme, user identification scheme or conference key distribution system. In this paper, we provide a slight improvement of the Maurer and Yacobi's scheme in that the trusted authority only adds one public value over the original scheme. Based on this, we provide not only a non-interactive public-key distribution system, but also a directed signature scheme, a user identification scheme and a conference key distribution system. Thus, a non-interactive public-key system will be more practical and complete for various kinds of applications. The security for the proposed schemes is based on the one-way hash function assumption and the difficulty of computing the discrete logarithm for a composite modulus.
An On-Sensor Bit-Serial Column-Parallel Processing Architecture for High-Speed Discrete Fourier Transform

This brief presents a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processor based on a bit-serial column-parallel processing architecture suitable for integrating it on CMOS image sensors. Using a column-parallel A/D converter (ADC) array, column-line sensor outputs of the two-dimensional image array are digitized. The ADC outputs are sliced to one bit and are given to the bit-serial column-parallel DFT processor from the MSB to the LSB. A high-speed and cost-effective implementation can be expected. In the case of 256times256-point DFT for 8-b image data, the processing time is estimated to be 2 ms at a clock frequency of 100 MHz, which corresponds to the 500-frames/s real-time processing
Exploring Milk and Yogurt Selection in an Urban Universal School Breakfast Program.

Purpose/Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore milk and yogurt selection among students participating in a School Breakfast Program. Methods Researchers observed breakfast selection of milk, juice and yogurt in six elementary and four secondary schools. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression to predict factors influencing yogurt selection. Results Secondary school females were more likely to choose yogurt than males (OR = 1.931, p = 0.0033). Elementary students who chose no milk were more likely to choose yogurt than students who chose either white milk (OR = 3.592, p = < .0001) or chocolate milk (OR = 2.273, p = 0.0005). Secondary students who chose no milk were more likely to choose yogurt than students who chose white milk (OR = 3.494, p = 0.0060).
Estimating the number of H6V transmissions through reused syringes and needles in the Mbeya Region, Tanzania

ObjectiveHIV infection attributable to medical injections is suspected to be low, although case-control studies have not provided definite results. This study aims to determine the number of HIV infections caused by the reuse of syringes and needles in the Mbeya Region, Tanzania. MethodsThe direct identification or detection of HIV in syringes and needles under field conditions was not appropriate, therefore a surrogate marker consisting of two components for possible HIV transmission was used: insufficient sterilization, and blood remaining from a previous patient. The assumption was that HIV infection can only occur if both markers are positive. Samples were collected in nine health-care facilities. All syringes and needles prepared for use in these facilities were collected without prior notification. The samples were rinsed and the resulting fluid was cultured for bacteria. Traces of blood were detected by urine stick test for haemoglobin volumes >0.0015 μl. ResultsBacterial contamination was found in 32.8% of the total 1219 syringes and needles; 67% was caused by improper handling of the equipment after sterilization. Blood was detected in 12.5% of the samples. In the following three sampling strata, both contamination criteria were positive either on the syringe or the needle: wards/outpatient departments (OPD), 1.39%; laboratories, 7.45%; expanded programme on immunization (EPI), <0.1%. We calculated that from 1.1 million patients injected in wards/OPD in any 1 year, fewer than 13 become infected, in laboratories fewer than 12 (160 000 blood-taking procedures), and less than one child in the EPI (850 000 vaccinations). ConclusionWith an established AIDS intervention programme supporting the health system, less than 0.4% of the total annual incidence of 4500–8500 is attributable to medical injections in the Mbeya Region.
Confidence Bound Algorithms in Game Trees Effective Monte Carlo Tree Search through Bernstein ’ s Inequality and the Law of the Iterated Logarithm

Game trees have been utilized as a formal representation of adversarial planning scenarios such as two-player zero-sum games like chess [1, 2]. When using stochastic leaf values based on Bernoulli trials to model noisy game trees, a challenging task is to solve the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) problem of identifying a best move under uncertainty. Confidence bound algorithms are investigated as one solution, with focus on the FindTopWinner algorithm by Teraoka, Hatano, and Takimoto [3], which uses (a) the minimax rule to evaluate the game tree by alternately minimizing and maximizing over the values associated with each move, (b) Hoeffding’s Inequality to estimate sample size requirements by fixing precision and error probability, and (c) an epoch-wise pruning regime to reduce investment on suboptimal nodes. We experimented on this algorithm by equipping it with methods that are based on (i) Bernstein’s Inequality to create a tighter confidence bound [4], (ii) the Law of the Iterated Logarithm (LIL) to sample in single-sample steps, allowing for exact pruning and stopping [5, 6], and (iii) a combination of both. An empirically-derived Hoeffding-based Iterated-Logarithm confidence bound will be proposed in a fully refurbished FindTopWinner algorithm, which achieved much better performance in terms of samples required to find a best move, whereas the Bernstein-based approaches did not fare better than the original by Teraoka et al. [3]. Possible reasons such as limited, more asymptotic advantages for Bernstein-based algorithms will be discussed and the recommended parameter space for the empirically-derived Hoeffding-based confidence bound will be provided.
How to generate realistic images using gated MRF ’ s

Probabilistic models of natural images are usually evaluated by measuring performance on rather indirect tasks, such as denoising and inpainting. A better way to evaluate a generative model is to draw samples from it and to check whether statistical properties of the samples match the statistics of natural images. This method is seldom used with high-resolution images, because current models produce samples that are very different from natural images, as assessed by even simple visual inspection. We investigate the reasons for this failure and we show that by augmenting existing models so that there are two sets of latent variables, one set modelling pixel intensities and the other set modelling image-specific pixel covariances, we are able to generate high-resolution images that look much more realistic than before. The overall model can be interpreted as a gated MRF where both pair-wise dependencies and mean intensities of pixels are modulated by the states of latent variables. Finally, we confirm that if we disallow weight-sharing between receptive fields that overlap each other, the gated MRF learns more efficient internal representations, as demonstrated in several recognition tasks.
Serum insulin‐like system alterations in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) constitute a group of autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders with no current treatment. The insulin/insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) system (IIS) has been shown to play a role in the neurological dysfunction of SCAs and other polyglutamine disorders. We aimed to study the biomarker profile of serum IIS components in SCA3. We performed a case–control study with 46 SCA3 patients and 42 healthy individuals evaluating the peripheral IIS profile (insulin, IGF‐1, IGFBP1 and 3) and the correlation with clinical, molecular, and neuroimaging findings. SCA3 patients presented lower insulin and IGFBP3 levels and higher insulin sensitivity (HOMA2), free IGF‐I, and IGFBP1 levels when compared with controls. IGFBP‐1 levels were directly associated with CAG expanded repeat length; IGF‐1 was associated with the volumetries of specific brainstem regions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Insulin levels and sensitivity were related to age at onset of symptoms. Our findings indicate an involvement of IIS components in SCA3 neurobiology and IGFBP‐1 as a potential biomarker of the disease. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Chip Equalization Using Subband Adaptive Decomposition in Downlink MIMO DS-UWB

An adaptive subband chip-equalizer is investigated for downlink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) direct-sequence (DS) ultra-wideband (UWB) systems to cope with the inter-symbol interference (ISI) and the multiple-access interference (MAI) in multipath fading channels. The subband decomposition technique is employed to improve substantially the downlink reception of mobile-terminal receivers without compromising the overall computational complexity. A reduced-complexity chip-equalization scheme is proposed by making use of the architecture of the reduced-rank (RR) multistage matrix Wiener filter (MMWF) in subbands. Simulations are conducted to provide a comparative evaluation of the proposed subband chip-equalizer with other existing full-band and subband chip equalizers.
RESEARCH Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology High-throughput screening identiﬁes microRNAs that target Nox2 and improve function after acute myocardial infarction

High-throughput screening identiﬁes microRNAs that target Nox2 and improve function after acute myocardial infarction. 00685.2016. —Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of heart failure. Excessive production of ROS plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling after MI. NADPH with NADPH oxidase (Nox)2 as the catalytic subunit is a major source of superoxide production, and expression is signiﬁcantly increased in the infarcted myocardium, especially by inﬁltrating macrophages. While microRNAs (miRNAs) are potent regulators of gene expression and play an important role in heart disease, there still lacks efﬁcient ways to identify miRNAs that target important pathological genes for treating MI. Thus, the overall objective was to establish a miRNA screening and delivery system for improving heart function after MI using Nox2 as a critical target. With the use of the miRNA-target screening system composed of a self-assembled cell microarray (SAMcell), three miRNAs, miR-106b, miR-148b, and miR-204, were identiﬁed that could regulate Nox2 expression and its downstream products in both human and mouse macrophages. Each of these miRNAs were encapsulated into polyketal (PK3) nanoparticles that could effectively deliver miRNAs into macrophages. Both in vitro and in vivo studies in mice conﬁrmed that PK3-miRNAs particles could inhibit Nox2 expression and activity and signiﬁcantly improve infarct size and acute cardiac function after MI. In conclusion, our results show that miR-106b, miR-148b, and miR-204 were able to improve heart function after myocardial infarction in mice by targeting Nox2 and possibly altering inﬂammatory cytokine production. This screening system and delivery method could have broader implications for miRNA-mediated therapeutics for cardiovascular and other diseases. cardiovascular disease, but there are no speciﬁc inhibitors. Finding endogenous signals that can target Nox2 and other inﬂammatory molecules is of great interest. In this study, we used high-throughput screening to identify microRNAs that target Nox2 and improve cardiac function after infarction. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazo- lium (TTC) Statistics. For statistical analysis, two-sided Student’s t -tests were used for in vitro studies, whereas one-way ANOVA tests were used for in vivo studies. P (cid:8) 0.05 was considered statistically signiﬁcant (* P (cid:8) 0.05; ** P (cid:8) 0.01; *** P 0.001). Error bars SD at least three independent
Jpmax: Learning to Recognize Moving Objects as a Model--tting Problem 1 Learning Coherent Classifications

Unsupervised learning procedures have been successful at low-level feature extraction and preprocessing of raw sensor data. So far, however, they have had limited success in learning higher-order representations, e.g., of objects in visual images. A promising approach is to maximize some measure of agreement between the outputs of two groups of units which receive inputs physically sep-Using the same approach, a much simpler learning procedure is proposed here which discovers features in a single-layer network consisting of several populations of units, and can be applied to multi-layer networks trained one layer at a time. When trained with this algorithm on image sequences of moving geometric objects a two-layer network can learn to perform accurate position-invariant object classiication. A powerful constraint in sensory data is coherence over time, in space, and across diierent sensory modalities. An unsupervised learning procedure which can capitalize on these constraints may be able to explain much of perceptual self-organization in the mammalian brain. The problem is to derive an appropriate cost function for unsupervised learning which will capture coherence constraints in sensory signals; we would also like it to be applicable to multi-layer nets to train hidden as well
Determination of Alpha Thalassaemia Phenotypes by Messenger RNA Analysis

Summary. The possibility of using α/β globin messenger RNA (mRNA) ratios to distinguish between the carrier states for different forms of a thalassaemia has been explored, α/β globin mRNA ratios were determined in the red cells of a series of normal individuals and in members of four Cypriot families, one Thai and one Chinese family in which at least one person has haemoglobin H disease. It was found that there was a clear distinction in the ratios between normals, α thalassaemia 1 carriers, α thalassaemia 2 carriers, and those with haemoglobin H disease. This method should be a valuable addition to haematological analysis, haemoglobin synthesis and restriction mapping of DNA for the further elucidation of the genetics of α thalassaemia.
High-Speed Architectures for Multiplication Using Reordered Normal Basis

Normal basis has been widely used for the representation of binary field elements mainly due to its low-cost squaring operation. Optimal normal basis type II is a special class of normal basis exhibiting very low multiplication complexity and is considered as a safe choice for hardware implementation of cryptographic applications. In this paper, high-speed architectures for binary field multiplication using reordered normal basis are proposed, where reordered normal basis is referred to as a certain permutation of optimal normal basis type II. Complexity comparison shows that the proposed architectures are faster compared to previously presented architectures in the open literature using either an optimal normal basis type II or a reordered normal basis. One advantage of the new word-level architectures is that the critical path delay is a constant (not a function of word size). This enables the multipliers to operate at very high clock rates regardless of the field size or the number of words. Hardware implementation of some practical size multipliers for elliptic curve cryptography is also included.