Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FPGA based time domain Passivity Observer and Passivity Controller

In this paper, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based time domain Passivity Observer and Passivity Controller is proposed to improve the stability range of haptic interfaces. A simplified PO/PC algorithm is implemented on FPGA for improving the control efficiency. Thanks to the fast sampling rate and the parallel processing ability of the FPGA, the PO/PC can be updated irregularly only when encoder pulse happen instead of updating every single msec. Reference current calculated from virtual wall was used for the energy calculation instead of measured motor current to avoid signal noise. The simplified FPGA based PO/PC approach is compared with the software based approach. The experimental results show that the noise behavior during low velocity contact is dramatically reduced.
Nucleolar Cycle in the Light Microscope

The behavior of the nucleolus during mitosis was studied by electron microscopy in neuroblast cells of the grasshopper embryo, Chortophaga viridifasdata. Living neuroblast cells were observed in the light microscope, and their mitotic stages were identified and recorded. The cells were fixed and embedded; alternate thick and thin sections were made for light and electron microscopy. The interphase nucleolus consists of two fine structural componcnts arranged in separate zones. Concentrations of 150 A granules form a dense peripheral zone, while the central regions are composed of a homogeneous background substance. Observations show that nucleolar dissolution in prophase occurs in two steps with a preliminary loss of the background substance followed by a dispersal of the granules. Nucleolar material reappears at anaphase as small clumps or layers at the chromosome surfaces. These later form into definite bodies, which disappear as the nucleolus grows in telophase. Evidence suggests both a collecting and a synthesizing role for the nucleolus-associated chromatin. ] he final, mature nucleolar form is produced by a rearrangement of the fine structural components and an increase in their mass. I N T R O D U C T I O N The nucleolus and its role in cellular functions have recently been the focus of widespread attention (see reviews in references 4, 36, and 39). Along with the problems posed concerning nucleolar participation in cellular RNA synthesis and metabolism, there exist several unanswered and relevant cytological questions, one of the more prominent of which is the cyclical behavior of the nucleolus during mitosis. The disappearance of the nucleoli at the end of prophase and their re-formation in the daughter nuclei during telophase are nearly universal events in somatic cell division. However, the observations and accumulated records made of mitotic cells have not led to any generally accepted description and interpretation of nucleolar dissolution and formation during mitosis. Moreover, specific studies on behavior of the nucleolus during mitosis have been carried out chiefly on plant cells (20, 21, 32, 39), and few descriptions are available for animal cells (15, 17). The site of nucleolar formation in telophase at a specific chromosome position, the nucleolus organizing body, has been well established by earlier studies (14, 22, 25). The origin of the nucleolar material is less precisely fixed. Numerous authors (e.g., 1, 8, 25, 42) state that at telophase, nucleolar material is accumulated at the nucleolar organizer from several sites on the chromosomal complex. Cytological information on the form, location, and 349 on May 1, 2019 jcb.rupress. org Downloaded from http://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.24. 3.349 Published Online: 1 March, 1965 | Supp Info:
Sketching 3D Animations

We are interested in providing animators with a general‐purpose tool allowing them to create animations using straight‐ahead actions as well as pose‐to‐pose techniques. Our approach seeks to bring the expressiveness of real‐time motion capture systems into a general‐purpose multi‐track system running on a graphics workstation. We emphasize the use of high‐bandwidth interaction with 3D objects together with specific data reduction techniques for the automatic construction of editable representations of interactively sketched continuous parameter evolution. In this paper, we concentrate on providing a solution to the problem of applying data reduction techniques in an animation context. The requirements that must be fulfilled by the data reduction algorithm are analyzed. From the Lyche and Mørken knot removal strategy, we derive an incremental algorithm that computes a B‐spline approximation to the original curve by considering only a small piece of the total curve at any time. This algorithm allows the processing of the user's captured motion in parallel with its specification, and guarantees constant latency time and memory needs for input motions composed of any number of samples. After showing the results obtained by applying our incremental algorithm to 3D animation paths, we describe an integrated environment to visually construct 3D animations, where all interaction is done directly in three dimensions. By recording the effects of user's manipulations and taking into account the temporal aspect of the interaction, straight‐ahead animations can be defined. Our algorithm is automatically applied to continuous parameter evolution in order to obtain editable representations. The paper concludes with a presentation offuture work.
Introducing the SuperGT Network-on-Chip; SuperGT QoS: more than just GT

Predictability of multi-processor systems-on-chip communication is critical and needs to be addressed by providing the right mix of soft and hard real-time guarantees. To this end, state-of-the-art packet-switched networks-on-chip (NoC) provide different levels of quality-of-service (QoS) such as best effort (BE) and guaranteed throughput (GT). Unfortunately, GT resources have to be reserved for the worst-case, resulting in over-allocated resources. We introduce the SuperGT NoC, a packet-switched NoC that, besides BE and GT, supports a new SuperGT QoS. A SuperGT connection combines guaranteed and non guaranteed traffic while maintaining in-order packet delivery. Time-slots are allocated to provide guarantees and extra BE resources are claimed by injecting data during free slots. Simulation results demonstrate the advantages of SuperGT over GT. Synthesis results of the SuperGT virtual channel manager show that the SuperGT router is an inexpensive enhancement to state-of-the-art packet-switched NoCs.
Adaptive Intrusion Detection Based on Machine Learning : Feature Extraction , Classifier Construction and Sequential Pattern Prediction

* Corresponding author. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 60303012 Abstract: In recent years, intrusion detection has emerged as an important technique for network security. Due to the large volumes of security audit data as well as complex and dynamic properties of intrusion behaviors, to optimize the performance of intrusion detection systems (IDSs) becomes an important open problem. In this paper, a general framework of adaptive intrusion detection based on machine learning is presented. In the framework, three perspectives of challenging problems are explored, which include feature extraction, classifier construction and pattern prediction for sequential data. It is illustrated that the three perspectives of research challenges are mainly suitable for machine learning methods using unsupervised, supervised and reinforcement learning algorithms, respectively. Several recently developed machine learning algorithms, including a multi-class support vector machine with principal component analysis (PCA) for feature reduction and a reinforcement learning algorithm for sequential prediction, are applied and evaluated both on network-based traffic data and on host-based program behaviors. Experiments on the KDD99 intrusion detection data set and the system call data from University of New Mexico show very promising results for the machine learning approaches to adaptive intrusion detection. Some directions for future research works are also discussed.
Variable stiffness actuators: The user’s point of view

Since their introduction in the early years of this century, variable stiffness actuators (VSA) witnessed a sustained growth of interest in the research community, as shown by the growing number of publications. While many consider VSA very interesting for applications, one of the factors hindering their further diffusion is the relatively new conceptual structure of this technology. When choosing a VSA for their application, educated practitioners, who are used to choosing robot actuators based on standardized procedures and uniformly presented data, would be confronted with an inhomogeneous and rather disorganized mass of information coming mostly from scientific publications. In this paper, the authors consider how the design procedures and data presentation of a generic VSA could be organized so as to minimize the engineer’s effort in choosing the actuator type and size that would best fit the application needs. The reader is led through the list of the most important parameters that will determine the ultimate performance of their VSA robot, and influence both the mechanical design and the controller shape. This set of parameters extends the description of a traditional electric actuator with quantities describing the capability of the VSA to change its output stiffness. As an instrument for the end-user, the VSA datasheet is intended to be a compact, self-contained description of an actuator that summarizes all of the salient characteristics that the user must be aware of when choosing a device for their application. At the end some examples of compiled VSA datasheets are reported, as well as a few examples of actuator selection procedures.
Invalidating the Full Scale IQ Score in the Presence of Significant Factor Score Variability: Clinical Acumen or Clinical Illusion?

Within the professional literature, it is frequently suggested that significant variability in lower-level factor and index scores on IQ tests renders the resulting FSIQ an inappropriate focus for clinical interpretation and diagnostic decision-making. To investigate the tenability of this popular interpretive heuristic, the present study examined the structural and predictive validity of the KABC-II for participants in the normative sample who were observed to have significant variability in their factor scores. Participants were children and adolescents, ages 7-18, (N = 2,025) drawn from the KABC-II/KTEA-II standardization sample. The sample was nationally stratified and proportional to U.S. census estimates for sex, ethnicity, geographic region, and parent education level. Using exploratory factor analysis and multiple factor extraction criteria, support for a five-factor extraction was obtained consistent with publisher theory. As recommended by Carroll (1993; 1995) hierarchical structure was explicated by sequentially partitioning variance appropriately to higher- and lower-order dimensions. Results showed the largest portions of total and common variance were accounted for by the second-order general factor with meaningful residual variance accounted for by Short-Term Memory at ages 7-12 and 13-18. As a result, the Fluid-Crystallized Index (FCI) accounted for large predictive effects across measures of academic achievement whereas the five first-order CHC factor scores consistently accounted for trivial proportions of incremental predictive variance beyond the FCI. Implications for clinical practice and the correct interpretation of the KABC-II and other related measurement instruments in the presence of significant scatter are discussed.
Chimeric piggyBac transposases for genomic targeting in human cells

Integrating vectors such as viruses and transposons insert transgenes semi-randomly and can potentially disrupt or deregulate genes. For these techniques to be of therapeutic value, a method for controlling the precise location of insertion is required. The piggyBac (PB) transposase is an efficient gene transfer vector active in a variety of cell types and proven to be amenable to modification. Here we present the design and validation of chimeric PB proteins fused to the Gal4 DNA binding domain with the ability to target transgenes to pre-determined sites. Upstream activating sequence (UAS) Gal4 recognition sites harbored on recipient plasmids were preferentially targeted by the chimeric Gal4–PB transposase in human cells. To analyze the ability of these PB fusion proteins to target chromosomal locations, UAS sites were randomly integrated throughout the genome using the Sleeping Beauty transposon. Both N- and C-terminal Gal4-PB fusion proteins but not native PB were capable of targeting transposition nearby these introduced sites. A genome-wide integration analysis revealed the ability of our fusion constructs to bias 24% of integrations near endogenous Gal4 recognition sequences. This work provides a powerful approach to enhance the properties of the PB system for applications such as genetic engineering and gene therapy.
Human Calcium-sensing Receptor Gene

The calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), expressed in parathyroid chief cells, thyroid C-cells, and cells of the kidney tubule, is essential for maintenance of calcium homeostasis. Here we show parathyroid, thyroid, and kidney CASR mRNA levels increased 2-fold at 15 h after intraperitoneal injection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25(OH)2D3) in rats. Human thyroid C-cell (TT) and kidney proximal tubule cell (HKC) CASR gene transcription increased ∼2-fold at 8 and 12 h after 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. The human CASR gene has two promoters yielding alternative transcripts containing either exon 1A or exon 1B 5′-untranslated region sequences that splice to exon 2 some 242 bp before the ATG translation start site. Transcriptional start sites were identified in parathyroid gland and TT cells; that for promoter P1 lies 27 bp downstream of a TATA box, whereas that for promoter P2, which lacks a TATA box, lies in a GC-rich region. In HKC cells, transcriptional activity of a P1 reporter gene construct was 11-fold and of P2 was 33-fold above basal levels. 10−8 m 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulated P1 activity 2-fold and P2 activity 2.5-fold. Vitamin D response elements (VDREs), in which half-sites (6 bp) are separated by three nucleotides, were identified in both promoters and shown to confer 1,25(OH)2D3 responsiveness to a heterologous promoter. This responsiveness was lost when the VDREs were mutated. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays with either in vitrotranscribed/translated vitamin D receptor and retinoid X receptor-α, or HKC nuclear extract, specific protein-DNA complexes were formed in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3 on oligonucleotides representing the P1 and P2 VDREs. In summary, functional VDREs have been identified in the CASR gene and provide the mechanism whereby 1,25(OH)2D up-regulates parathyroid, thyroid C-cell, and kidney CASR expression.
MoDisSENSE: A distributed platform for social networking services over mobile devices

In this work we present MoDisSENSE, a distributed analytics platform for social networking services over mobile devices. MoDisSENSE collects and stores various types of data from heterogeneous sources, such as GPS traces from cell phones, user profile information and comments from social networks connected to the platform. These are combined through spatio-temporal and textual analysis, performed in a distributed fashion, in order to extract knowledge, make smart suggestions and leverage user experience. The datastore follows a hybrid approach to handle both raw and processed data, simultaneously covering the need for scalability and fast query processing. Thus, the platform is able to resolve complex, multi-parameter, socially charged queries over Points of Interest in the order of milliseconds even under heavy load.
Antimicrobial resistance in pathogens causing urinary tract infections in a rural community of Odisha, India

BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance of urinary tract pathogens has increased worldwide. Empiric treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) is determined by antimicrobial resistance patterns of uropathogens in a population of specific geographical location. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of CA-UTI in rural Odisha, India, and the effect of gender and age on its prevalence as well as etiologic agents and the resistance profile of the bacterial isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive clean-catch mid-stream urine samples were collected from 1670 adult patients. The urine samples were processed and microbial isolates were identified by conventional methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on all bacterial isolates by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. RESULTS The prevalence of UTI was significantly higher in females compared with males (females 45.2%, males 18.4%, OR = 2.041, 95% CI = 1.64-2.52, P ≤ 0.0001). Young females within the age group of 18-37 years and elderly males (≥68 years) showed high prevalence of UTI. Escherichia coli (68.8%) was the most prevalent isolate followed by Enterococcus spp. (9.7%). Amikacin and nitrofurantoin were the most active antimicrobial agents which showed low resistance rate of 5.8% and 9.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study revealed E. coli as the pre-dominant bacterial pathogen. Nitrofurantoin should be used as empirical therapy for uncomplicated CA-UTIs. In the Indian setting, routine urine cultures may be advisable, since treatment failure is likely to occur with commonly used antimicrobials. Therefore, development of regional surveillance programs is necessary for implementation of national CA-UTI guidelines.
Familiarization, Reliability, and Evaluation of a Multiple Sprint Running Test Using Self-Selected Recovery Periods

Glaister, M, Witmer, C, Clarke, DW, Guers, JJ, Heller, JL, and Moir, GL. Familiarization, reliability, and evaluation of a multiple sprint running test using self-selected recovery periods. J Strength Cond Res 24(12): 3296-3301, 2010-The aims of the present study were to investigate the process of self-selected recovery in a multiple sprint test with a view to using self-selected recovery time as a means of reliably quantifying an individual's ability to resist fatigue in this type of exercise. Twenty physically active exercise science students (means ± SD for age, height, body mass, body fat, and &OV0312;O2max of the subjects were 21 ± 2 yr, 1.79 ± 0.09 m, 83.7 ± 10.8 kg, 16.6 ± 3.9%, and 52.7 ± 7.2 ml·kg−1·min−1, respectively) completed 4 trials of a 12 × 30 m multiple sprint running test under the instruction that they should allow sufficient recovery time between sprints to enable maximal sprint performance to be maintained throughout each trial. Mean recovery times across the 4 trials were 73.9 ± 24.7, 82.3 ± 23.8, 77.6 ± 19.1, and 77.5 ± 13.9 seconds, respectively, with variability across the first 3 trials considered evidence of learning effects. Test-retest reliability across trials 3 to 4 revealed a good level of reliability as evidenced by a coefficient of variation of 11.1% (95% likely range: 8.0-18.1%) and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.76 (95% likely range: 0.40-0.91). Despite no change in sprint performance throughout the trials, ratings of perceived exertion increased progressively and significantly (p < 0.001) from a value of 10 ± 2 after sprint 3 to 14 ± 2 after sprint 12. The correlation between relative &OV0312;O2max and mean recovery time was 0.14 (95% likely range: −0.37-0.58). The results of the present study show that after the completion of 2 familiarization trials, the ability to maintain sprinting performance in a series of repeated sprints can be self-regulated by an athlete to a high degree of accuracy without the need for external timepieces.
On the periodic behavior of real-time schedulers on identical multiprocessor platforms

This paper is proposing a general periodicity result concerning any deterministic and memoryless scheduling algorithm (including non-work-conserving algorithms), for any context, on identical multiprocessor platforms. By context we mean the hardware architecture (uniprocessor, multicore), as well as task constraints like critical sections, precedence constraints, self-suspension, etc. Since the result is based only on the releases and deadlines, it is independent from any other parameter. Note that we do not claim that the given interval is minimal, but it is an upper bound for any cycle of any feasible schedule provided by any deterministic and memoryless scheduler.
Swift observations of the very intense flaring activity of Mrk 421 during 2006. I. Phenomenological picture of electron acceleration and predictions for MeV/GeV emission

Aims. We present the results of a deep spectral analysis of all Swift observations of Mrk 421 between April 2006 and July 2006, when it reached its highest X-ray flux recorded until the end of 2006. The peak flux was about 85 milli-Crab in the 2.0–10.0 keV band, and the peak energy (Ep) of the spectral energy distribution (SED) was often at energies higher than 10 keV. We study trends between the spectral parameters, and the physical insights the parameters provide into the underlying acceleration and emission mechanisms. Methods. We performed a spectral analysis of Swift observations to investigate trends between the spectral parameters. We searched for acceleration and energetic features phenomenologically linked to the SSC model parameters, by predicting their effects in the γ-ray band, and in particular, the spectral shape expected in the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope-LAT band. Results. We confirm that the X-ray spectrum is described well by a log-parabolic distribution close to Ep, that the peak flux of the SED (S p) is correlated with Ep ,a nd thatEp is anti-correlated with the curvature parameter (b). The spectral evolution in the Hardness-ratio-flux plane shows both clockwise and counter-clockwise patterns. During the most energetic flares, the UV-to-soft-X-ray spectral shape requires an electron distribution spectral index of s � 2.3. Conclusions. We demonstrate that the UV-to-X-ray emission from Mrk 421 is probably generated by a population of electrons that is actually curved, and has a low energy power-law tail. The observed spectral curvature is consistent with both stochastic acceleration or energy-dependent acceleration probability mechanisms, whereas the power-law slope of XRT-UVOT data is close to that inferred from the GRBs X-ray afterglow and in agreement with the universal first-order relativistic shock acceleration models. This scenario implies that magnetic turbulence may play a twofold role: spatial diffusion relevant to the first order process and momentum diffusion relevant to the second order process.