Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Model for Circumsolar Irradiance Calculation as an Extended Light Source and Spectral Implications for High-Concentration Photovoltaic Devices

With concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) technology soon to enter a phase of further development in the USA Sunbelt region, it is imperative to update the predictive tools associated with the technology. This involves modeling the Sun as an extended light source with particular attention to circumsolar irradiance. An improvement to the standard extended light source solar profile model is presented based on an improved parameterization of the circumsolar irradiance. A case study for a solar profile pertaining to a circumsolar ratio (CSR) of 0.3 shows incident direct normal irradiance collection overestimations in the standard model of 0.5%-1.5%. The model presented here mitigates these errors and corrects for a misrepresentation of CSR in the standard model. For an input CSR resolution of 0.01, the mean and standard deviation of normalized output CSR are improved from 0.937 and 0.107 to 1.000 and 0.005. Furthermore, a model extension is presented, incorporating the spectral distribution differences in the central solar and circumsolar regions. A banded spectral analysis of CSR and air mass variation effects are presented, corresponding to the subcells of the multijunction cell architecture. Significant differences are found in the trends of each subcell regarding the relationship between these variables and usable input irradiance.
Adverse maternal and neonatal outcome of prolonged course of magnesium sulfate tocolysis

Background. Magnesium sulfate continues to be widely used as a tocolytic agent despite a paucity of evidence supporting its use. Many practitioners use prolonged courses of magnesium sulfate, sometimes for months. This study was conducted to determine maternal and neonatal outcome of patients exposed to prolonged tocolytic magnesium sulfate. Methods. A retrospective review of maternal and neonatal charts (1995–2003) of pregnancies that received tocolytic magnesium sulfate. Cases who received magnesium sulfate >48 h (n=78) were compared to controls who received it ≤48 h (n=77) for maternal side effects and neonatal outcome. Results. Cases were more likely to be nulliparous (55.1% versus 37.7%, p=0.044), multiple gestations (33.3% versus 10.4%, p=0.001), and of lower gestational age (29.0±3.9 versus 30.5±3.8 weeks, p=0.017) compared to controls. The median magnesium sulfate infused was 154 (78–5,500) versus 54 (8–86) g (p<0.001) and the highest maternal magnesium level was 6.5±1.7 versus 5.6±1.9 mg/dl (p=0.002) in cases and controls, respectively. Cases were more likely to have ≥1 adverse side effect (30.8% versus 15.6%, p=0.045). The median neonatal magnesium level was significantly higher in cases (3.3 (1.4–7.2) versus 2.6 (1.1–5.2) mg/dl, p=0.016); however, neonatal mortality and other neonatal morbidity rates were similar in both groups. Abnormal bone mineralization was encountered in 3 neonates (cases). Conclusions. Maternal morbidity rate is higher with prolonged intake of tocolytic magnesium sulfate compared to ≤48‐h regimen. Despite similar neonatal morbidity and mortality rates, bone demineralization in the neonates may be encountered.
A Novel PQCR-L Circuit for Inductive Sensing and Its Application in Displacement Detection

A novel circuit for inductive sensing that was constructed using a quartz crystal resonator and an inductance element in series was proposed. Resonant frequency expression of equivalent model of the circuit was derived. The experimental results of the resonant frequency responses versus inductance changes of the circuit were coincident with the theoretical derivation, which proved that resonant frequency of the circuit could be tuned by inductance element. A quartz crystal inductive displacement sensor utilizing a planar spiral inductor was developed based on the earlier theories. The measurement results of the displacement sensor exhibited a highly sensitive response of 1 Hz/μm in the wide distance range 0-2000 μm and a good stability with 0.043-Hz standard deviation of the output frequency. Furthermore, the fundamental frequency dependence of quartz crystal inductive displacement sensor was also discussed. The experimental results showed that the maximum sensing range of the sensor with 10-MHz fundamental frequency was 18 mm. The best advantage of the proposed method in this paper was the convenient implementation of a high-sensitivity inductive sensor with stable digital frequency output.
Text Categorization and Sorting of Web Search Results

With the Internet facing the growing problem of information overload, the large volumes, weak structure and noisiness of Web data make it amenable to the application of machine learning techniques. After providing an overview of several topics in text categorization, including document representation, feature selection, and a choice of classifiers, the paper presents experimental results concerning the performance and effects of different transformations of the bag-of-words document representation and feature selection, on texts extracted from the dmoz Open Di- rectory of Web pages. Finally, the paper describes the primary motivation for the experiments: a new meta-search engine CatS which utilizes text categorization to enhance the presentation of search results obtained from a major Web search engine.
A Proposed Model for Measuring Performance of the University-Industry Collaboration in Open Innovation

The article aims to presents the scientific approach of creating, testing and validation of a proposed model for measuring the performance for university-industry collaboration. The core idea of the design process is to valorize existing success factors, facilitators and opportunities (motivation factors, the channels of the knowledge transfer and the identified benefits) of the collaboration, and to diminish or to avoid the potential threats and barriers that could interfere to collaboration (supported by solutions for overcoming disadvantages or partnership problems). The adopted methodology has been differentiated from two perspectives: (1) a business model that reflects the university perspective together with an inventory of KPIs; (2) a performance measuring model (including criteria and KPIs), and an associated methodology that could support companies to increase collaboration in open innovation with universities. In addition, to operationalize the proposed model (facilitate the practical implementation), a tool has been created to identify potential sources of innovation and to suggest measures for their exploitation. The main contributions of the research refers to the extension of the knowledge in the field of university-industry collaboration in open innovation and to the practical usefulness of the performance measuring model and tool (tested and validated through a case study).
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SEXUAL SELECTION AND QUANTITATIVE GENETICS OF MALE TRAITS IN GUPPIES (POECILIA RETICULATA)

Abstract The ornamentation and displays on which sexual attractiveness and thus mating success are based may be complex and comprise several traits. Predicting the outcome of sexual selection on such complex phenotypes requires an understanding of both the direct operation of selection on each trait and the indirect consequences of selection operating directly on genetically correlated traits. Here we report the results of a quantitative genetic analysis of the ornamentation, sexual attractiveness, and mating success of male guppies (Poecilia reticulata). We analyze male ornamentation both from the point of view of single ornamental traits (e.g., the area of each color) and of composite measures of the way the entire pattern is likely to be perceived by females (e.g., the mean and contrast in chroma). We demonstrate that there is substantial additive genetic variation in almost all measures of male ornamentation and that much of this variation may be Y linked. Attractiveness and mating success are positively correlated at the phenotypic and genetic level. Orange area and chroma, the area of a male's tail, and the color contrast of his pattern overall are positively correlated with attractiveness and/or mating success at the phenotypic and genetic levels. Using attractiveness and mating success as measures of fitness, we estimate gradients of linear directional sexual selection operating on each male trait and use equations of multivariate evolutionary change to predict the response of male ornamentation to this sexual selection. From these analyses, we predict that indirect selection may have important effects on the evolution of male guppy color patterns. Corresponding Editor: C. López-Fanjul
A procaryotic regulatory factor with a histone H1-like carboxy-terminal domain: clonal variation of repeats within algP, a gene involved in regulation of mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A novel procaryotic transcriptional regulatory element, AlgP, with a histone H1-like carboxy-terminal domain was identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AlgP is required for transcription of the key biosynthetic gene algD, which is necessary for production of the exopolysaccharide alginate causing mucoidy in P. aeruginosa. Mucoidy is a critical virulence determinant of P. aeruginosa invariably associated with the respiratory infections causing high mortality in cystic fibrosis. Here we show that AlgP and histones H1 both have repeated units of the Lys-Pro-Ala-Ala motif (KPAA) and its variations within their long (over 100 amino acids) carboxy-terminal domains. This region of histone H1 tails has been shown to bind to the linker DNA in eucaryotic chromatin fibers. A synthetic 50-mer peptide consisting of repeats from the AlgP carboxy-terminal domain was found to bind DNA in a mobility shift DNA-binding assay. AlgP is encoded by a gene that contains multiple direct repeats organized as tandem, head-to-tail, 12-base-pair (bp) units overlapping with six highly conserved 75-bp units. The repetitive structure of the algP gene appears to participate in the processes underlying the metastable character of mucoidy in P. aeruginosa. Relatively large DNA rearrangements spanning the region with tandem direct repeats encoding the carboxy-terminal histone H1-like structure of AlgP were detected in several strains upon conversion from the mucoid to the nonmucoid phenotype. The frequency of the detectable algP rearrangements associated with the transition into the nonmucoid state varied from strain to strain and ranged from 0 to 50%. The nonmucoid derivatives with the clearly rearranged chromosomal copy of algP were complemented to mucoidy with plasmids containing algP from P. aeruginosa PAO. When a random collection of mucoid strains, isolated from different cystic fibrosis patients, was analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction, an additional level of strain-dependent sequence variation in algP was observed. Variations in the number of the 12-bp repeats were found; however, they did not appear to influence the mucoid status of the strains examined. Thus, the repeated region of algP appears to be a hot spot for DNA rearrangements and strain-dependent variability.
The serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region is associated with the behavioral response to repeated stress exposure in infant rhesus macaques

Abstract The short allele of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) moderates the effects of stress on vulnerability to mood and anxiety disorders. The mechanism by which this occurs may relate to differential sensitivity to stressful life events. Here we explored whether 5-HTTLPR and sex affected behavioral responses to repeated maternal separation in infant rhesus macaques. Behaviors were collected during the acute (Day 1) and the chronic (Days 2–4) phases of the separation, and the effects of duration of separation (acute vs. chronic), genotype (long/long vs. short allele), and sex (male vs. female) on behavioral responses were analyzed across four successive separations. Males increased their levels of locomotion with repeated maternal separation, whereas females exhibited an increase in frequency of self-directed behavior, a measure of “depression-like” behavior. The short-allele predicted increased environmental exploration, particularly during the chronic phase of social separation, indicative of higher arousal. In addition, the short-allele carriers were more likely to increase their levels of self-directed behavior during the chronic phase of separation, as a function of repeated exposures. These findings suggest that the short allele may increase reactivity to repeated, chronic stressors, leaving them more vulnerable to affective psychopathology, with females particularly vulnerable.
Stroke unit care in clinical practice: an observational study in the Florence center of the European Registers of Stroke (EROS) Project

Background: Randomized trials and meta‐analyses indicate positive effects of stroke unit (SU) care on survival and dependency of patients with stroke. However, data on the advantages of SU in ‘real‐world’ settings are limited. We prospectively assessed, in a large University Hospital, the effect of SU versus other conventional wards (OCW) care on all‐cause mortality, death or dependency, death or institutionalization.
A population-based twin study in women of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence

Background. The development of drug dependence requires prior initiation. What is the relationship between the risk factors for initiation and dependence? Methods. Using smoking as a model addiction, we assessed smoking initiation (SI) and nicotine dependence (ND) by personal interview in 1898 female twins from the population-based Virginia Twin Registry. We developed a twin structural equation model that estimates the correlation between the liability to SI and the liability to ND, given SI. Results. The liabilities to SI and ND were substantially correlated but not identical. Heritable factors played an important aetiological role in SI and in ND. While the majority of genetic risk factors for ND were shared with SI, a distinct set of familial factors, which were probably partly genetic, solely influenced the risk for ND. SI was associated with low levels of education and religiosity, high levels of neuroticism and extroversion and a history of a wide range of psychiatric disorders. ND was associated with low levels of education, extroversion, mastery, and self-esteem, high levels of neuroticism and dependency and a history of mood and alcohol use disorders. Conclusions. The aetiological factors that influence SI and ND, while overlapping, are not perfectly correlated. One set of genetic factors plays a significant aetiological role in both SI and ND, while another set of familial factors, probably in part genetic, solely influences ND. Some risk factors for SI and ND impact similarly on both stages, some act at only one stage and others impact differently and even in opposite directions at the two stages. The pathway to substance dependence is complex and involves multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.
Cloning and Characterization of Four Anopheles gambiae Serpin Isoforms, Differentially Induced in the Midgut by Plasmodium berghei Invasion*

The genomic locus SRPN10 of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae codes for four alternatively spliced serine protease inhibitors of the serpin superfamily. The four 40- to 42-kDa isoforms differ only at their C terminus, which bears the reactive site loop, and exhibit protein sequence similarity with other insect serpins and mammalian serpins of the ovalbumin family. Inhibition experiments with recombinant purified SRPN10 serpins reveal distinct and specific inhibitory activity of three isoforms toward different proteases. All isoforms are mainly expressed in the midgut but also in pericardial cells and hemocytes of the mosquito. The cellular localization of SRPN10 serpins is nucleocytoplasmic in pericardial cells, in hemocytes and in a hemocyte-like mosquito cell line, but in the gut the proteins are mostly localized in the nucleus. Although the transcript levels of all SRPN10 isoforms are marginally affected by bacterial challenge, the transcripts of two isoforms (KRAL and RCM) are induced in female mosquitoes in response to midgut invasion by Plasmodium berghei ookinetes. The KRAL and RCM SRPN10 isoforms represent new potential markers to study the ookinete midgut invasion process in anopheline mosquitoes.
Behavioural Finance: Beginnings and Applications

The essay traces the beginning of behavioural finance by examining the development of expected utility model. Expected utility model is based on the assumptions of time consistent preferences of utility. However, experimental results in psychology regarding choice under risk and uncertainty shows well-defined deviations from the predictions of expected utility model. It was found that there were systematic biases and heuristics that economic decision makers use to make choices. In the next section, the essay describes some of these heuristics and how they modify the assumptions of utility model. Applications of behavioural understanding in finance is briefly discussed to show the widespread prevalence of behavioural heuristics in and beyond finance. The essay concludes by arguing that accommodating the behavioural variable is necessary to make neoclassical model more relevant to the real world.
Nonresponse and Dropout Rates in Outcome Studies on PTSD: Review and Methodological Considerations

Abstract Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) represents a frequent consequence of a variety of extreme psychological stressors. Lists of empirically supported treatments for PTSD usually include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), but nonresponse and dropout rates in these treatments often are high. We review the treatment dropout and nonresponse rates in 55 studies of empirically supported treatments for PTSD, review the literature for predictors of dropout and nonresponse, discuss methodological inconsistencies in the literature that make comparisons across studies difficult, and outline future directions for research. Dropout rates ranged widely and may have depended, at least in part, on the nature of the study population. It was not uncommon to find nonresponse rates as high as 50%. Standard methods of reporting dropout and nonresponse rates are needed for reporting outcomes. We suggest guidelines for collecting data to help identify characteristics and predictors of dropouts and nonresponders.
An all-n-type dynamic adder for ultra-low-leakage IoT devices

Ultra-low leakage is demanded for low-duty-cycled IoT applications. An NP-type dynamic ripple-carry adder (NP-RCA) was shown outperforming the static design in terms of energy based on pre-layout simulations. We will show that the NP-RCA suffers from serious parasitic RC effects. We then propose an all-N-type RCA (All-N-RCA) in this work to reduce the influence of parasitic effects to achieve a much higher speed with a much lower leakage current. All the designs are evaluated according to post-layout simulation results in 28 nm CMOS. For an IoT application with a 0.02% duty cycle, the 32b All-N-RCA achieves a 57% energy reduction compared to the static counterpart at the typical process corner.
Perception and Needs in Health Education Curriculum Among School Nurses as Health Teachers in Korea

The study investigated perceived effectiveness and perceived barriers to health education curriculum targeting school nurses as health teachers in Korea. A total of 741 health teachers participated. The questionnaire included perceived effectiveness and perceived barriers to health education curriculum, future roles of health teachers, and needs for in-service training programs. The most frequently selected perceived barrier was a lack of personnel to serve in the health clinic when the nurse was teaching, although 60.9–61.7% wanted to continue both duties of health education and school health services. Perceived effectiveness of health education was positively associated with duration of teaching career (p < .05). Elementary school health teachers had higher perceived effectiveness than those in middle and high schools, while those with bachelor’s degrees had lower perceived effectiveness than those with master’s degrees (p < .05). In-service training and efforts to decrease the perceived barriers would help to offer effective health education.
Switching performance comparison of the SiC JFET and the SiC JFET/Si MOSFET cascode configuration

Silicon Carbide (SiC) devices are becoming increasingly available in the market due to the fact that its manufacturing process is more mature. Many are their advantages with respect to the silicon (Si) devices as, for example, higher blocking capability, lower conduction voltage drop and faster transitions, which makes them more suitable for high-power and high-frequency converters. The purpose of this paper is to study the switching behavior of the two configurations more-widely studied in the literature using SiC devices: the normally-on SiC JFET and the cascode using a normally-on SiC JFET and a low-voltage Si MOSFET. A comparison regarding the turn-on and turn-off losses of both configurations is detailed and the results are verified with the experimental efficiency results obtained in a boost converter operating in both Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) and Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM). Furthermore, a special attention will be focused on the switching behavior of the cascode configuration and the effect of its low-voltage MOSFET is analyzed and different Si devices are compared. The study carried out will confirm that the overall switching losses of the JFET are lower, making it more suitable to operate in CCM in terms of the global efficiency of the converter. Nevertheless, the lowest turn-off losses of the cascode highlight this device as the most appropriate one for DCM when ZVS is achieved at the turn-on of the main switch. Finally, all theoretical results have been verified by an experimental 600W boost converter.
A New Method of Current Switching for Linear Wide-Range Measurement Systems

This new and general method here called overflow current switching allows a fast, continuous, and smooth transition between scales in wide-range current measurement systems, like electrometers. This is achieved, using a hydraulic analogy, by diverting only the overflow current, such that no slow element is forced to change its state during the switching. As a result, this approach practically eliminates the long dead time in low-current (picoamperes) switching. Similar to a logarithmic scale, a composition of n adjacent linear scales, like a segmented ruler, measures the current. The use of a linear wide-range system based on this technique assures fast and continuous measurement in the entire range, without blind regions during transitions and still holding suitable accuracy for many applications. A full mathematical development of the method is given. Several computer realistic simulations demonstrated the viability of the technique.
Two Escherichia coli chromosomal cistrons, sfrA and sfrB, which are needed for expression of F factor tra functions

Twelve mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 have been isolated which carry chromosomal mutations that exhibit pleiotropic effects on the expression of F factor tra cistrons. F pilus synthesis, deoxyribonucleic acid transfer, and surface exclusion are all inhibited. Six of the mutants carry sfrA mutations, and six carry sfrB mutations. sfrA and sfrB are cistrons mapping near thr and metE, respectively. Several F-like plasmids are dependent on sfrA and on sfrB for expression of tra cistrons. Plasmids of incompatibility groups C and S are only dependent on sfrB,and other conjugative plasmids are dependent on neither. sfrB mutations also result in changes in certain cell envelope properties, including change sensitivity to certain bacteriophages which use lipopolysaccharide as a receptor, synthesis of nonfunctional flagella, and altered sensitivity to antibiotics.