Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The association between common mental disorders and violence: to what extent is it influenced by prior victimization, negative life events and low levels of social support?

Background Few studies have been published on the association between mental disorders and violence based on general population studies. Here we focus on different types of violence, adjusting for violent victimization and taking account of the limitations of previous population studies. Method Data were used from the first two waves of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2), a nationally representative face-to-face survey of the general population aged 18–64 years (n = 6646). Violence was differentiated into physical and psychological violence against intimate partner(s), children or any person(s) in general. DSM-IV diagnoses were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0). Results Psychological violence occurs considerably more frequently than physical violence, but both showed almost identical associations with mental disorders. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, most of the main categories of common mental disorders were associated with violence. The strongest associations were found for externalizing disorders (substance use, impulse-control, antisocial personality disorder). After additional adjustment for violent victimization, negative life events and social support, most diagnostic correlates lost their significance whereas substance use (in particular alcohol) disorders were still associated with most types of violence. Conclusions The increased risk of violent offending among people with common mental disorders, other than substance use disorders, can be attributed to factors other than their mental illness.
Berberine : response surface methodology for optimization of ultrasound assisted dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction

A hydrophobic surface modified iron oxide magnetic nano-sorbent was successfully synthesized, characterized and utilized for highly effective removal and recovery of Berberine (Brb) by Ultrasound Assisted Dispersive Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction (UADM-SPE). Fabrication of p-Naphtholbenzein-coated magnetic nanoparticles (PNBMNPs) was certified by characteristic analyses such as: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characterized PNB-MNPs were utilized to develop a UADM-SPE method for Brb, a well-known isoquinoline alkaloid with a highlighted chemical skeleton for designing selective and powerful bioactive molecules. Affecting parameters on the extraction of Brb were optimized through an orthogonal rotatable central composite design (CCD). The optimum condition is obtained when the variables are set to: pH= 4, amount of MNPs = 20 mg, sample volume = 30 mL, sonication time = 1 min at room temperature, and desorbing solvent = 500 μL of methanol. Under the mentioned condition, an extraction recovery of 98.2%, with relative standard deviation of 3.7%, was obtained via five replicated measurements on a 0.1 mg L -1 Brb standard solution. Finally, the method was successfully applied for determination of Brb in human plasma and urine
A Test of Multidimensional Anxiety Theory with Male Wheelchair Basketball Players

The purpose of the present field study was to examine the predictions of Multidimensional Anxiety Theory (MAT; Martens et al., 1990) with elite male wheelchair basketball players. Thirty-seven elite male wheelchair basketball players completed the CSAI-II prior to each of three tournament games. Results were analyzed using the intraindividual procedures recommended by Sonstroem and Bernado (1982), and separate polynomial trend analyses were used to test the predictions of MAT. Results did not provide statistical support for MAT in that there were no reliable trends between cognitive state anxiety, somatic state anxiety, state self-confidence, and basketball performance. Avenues for future research are suggested.
Aripiprazole is associated with early onset of Tardive Dyskinesia like presentation in a patient with ABI and psychosis

Purpose: This report describes the early onset Tardive Dyskinesia like presentation during treatment with Aripiprazole. Case study: The patient, who had a history of acquired brain injury, was receiving treatment for his psychotic illness characterized by persecutory delusions, second person auditory hallucinations, self-neglect and challenging behaviours. Tardive Dyskinesia is not a well reported side-effect of Aripiprazole. Conclusions: This report demonstrates onset of this side-effect upon commencement of Aripiprazole and cessation of this side-effect upon termination of this medication. This case report highlights the need for careful monitoring of neurological side-effects in patients with acquired brain injury requiring treatment with anti-psychotic medication.
System architecture for mobile communications systems beyond IMT-2000

This paper presents a system architecture for mobile communications systems beyond IMT-2000 (4G system). Considering the growth of data communications through mobile networks, the 4G system should offer higher bit rate channels and accommodate a significantly larger amount of traffic. To meet these requirements, the 4G system may use higher frequency bands. This paper first considers objectives of the 4G system and it proposes a system architecture that meets the objectives. The architecture proposed in this paper comprises core networks that will accommodate multiple types of radio access networks (RAN). The 4G RAN is constructed by distributed controlled base stations that are connected to each other by a multi-hop wireless network.
Family Complexity in Europe

E European country has experienced changes in partnership behavior—increased divorce, delayed and avoided marriage, cohabitation that is even less stable than marriage, and the formation of new partnerships (Sobotka and toulemon 2008; Perelli-harris et al. 2010; thomson et al. 2014). these changes are also experienced by a significant proportion of children, who then live with single parents or alternately with both of their separated parents, become stepchildren, and often acquire half siblings. the transitions that occur in the lives of adults and their children produce families and households that are complex. Each of the transitions mentioned has been well studied, as have some of the consequences. What may not be appreciated is how the accumulation of events in the life course has produced an increasing complexity in family life for communities, societies, and the families themselves. In this article, I review variation across Europe in the demographic processes that produce family complexity and, to the extent that the data allow, I demonstrate that several processes continue to increase or have leveled off at relatively high levels. Some
Psychological Effects of the “Open Classroom”

Since the first descriptive reports of the progressive teaching approach in English primary schools appeared in the American press in the mid-1960's, there has been a vast outpouring of literature on what has come to be called "open education," or the "open classroom. " Many of the early reports provided rich and vivid descriptions of what was going on in the English schools and stressed how much more humane and more sensitive to realities of child development this approach to teaching seemed to be. Other writings analyzed the open education movement in the context of its historical precedents and psychological/philosophical underpinnings and compared the development of the approach in England and the United States. Still others, with a more practical orientation, provided specific advice on how to implement open education in American schools. As interest in open education increased, so did demands for systematic evaluative research on its effects, to the point where there now exists a fairly sizable body of work on academic and psychological effects of open classroom teaching. In 1975, I reviewed the relevant literature and located over 100 such studies, which I summarized in a monograph published the next year by the North Dakota Study Group on Evaluation (Horwitz, 1976). In late 1977, in preparation for this paper, I searched the literature again and located nearly 100 additional studies which had either appeared in the intervening two years or been inadvertently overlooked in my previous review. The outpouring of research continues, but for all the amassing of data, there is still by no means a clear answer to the question of whether or
Revealing the hidden rationality of user browsing behaviour

In this paper, we analyse web log data from user trials of the WHURLE-LS adaptive educational hypermedia (AEH) system from a behavioural perspective. This system allows users to switch from one presentational mode to another (visual, verbal or neutral), and this paper investigates users' choice of mode as they interacted with the system. We present the main findings of the browsing behaviours within the framework of rational choice theory, and discuss why and when switching might have occurred.
Loneliness in Australia

Further to previous theoretical work on loneliness and the condition of contemporary social bonds in ‘liquid modernity’, this paper reports on a new nationally representative survey, carried out in 2007, which examined loneliness in contemporary Australia. The paper identifies loneliness to be a potentially very serious and widespread problem with profound implications but it also highlights the most ‘at risk’ groups and the pattern of loneliness across the life course. It strongly suggests that loneliness has reached unprecedented levels and that it may have as much to do with reduced social connectivity and networks as the quality of the social bonds themselves.
A Turban Effect, Too: Selection Biases Against Women Wearing Muslim Headscarves

Traditional Muslim headscarves are called hijabs. The authors show that hijabs and headscarves are closely associated with people’s mental representation of “typical” Muslim women in Germany. They then investigate the influence of wearing such hijabs on acceptance rates in a human resources selection procedure. In this paradigm, the authors demonstrate a selection bias against women wearing hijabs: Although factual information about academic achievements had the largest effect on participants' decisions, decisions on all achievement levels were biased against women wearing hijabs. This pattern was substantiated by participants' response latencies; women wearing hijabs were more quickly rejected and more slowly accepted compared to women not wearing hijabs. The authors discuss these results' implications for public referendums (e.g., in Switzerland, 2009) and policy making (e.g., in France, 2004; in Germany, 2005) regarding Islamic culture.
Design of a dedicated processor for AC motor control implemented in a low cost FPGA

Motor control for small series sometimes requires specialized control logic, requiring rewiring if new logic needs to be added. This paper describes a different approach to hardware and software co-design, namely designing a softcore processor with an instruction set to fit the purpose of control of drives. Furthermore the softcore processor is designed with a system for plug in of external logic. Doing so shortens development time, since functionality is simply added to or removed from the softcore. The designer can then choose between resource usage on the FPGA and execution speed in more degrees. The approach is tested for two different motor types, synchronous and hybrid switched reluctance motors, using a Spartan 3E FPGA. The impact of having ADC-communication in VHDL versus in assembler is also presented.
Micro-Nano-Bio Diagnostic System for Food Pathogen Detection Revolutionizes Food Safety Management & Protects Consumers Health

The development of integrated, fast and affordable platforms for pathogen detection is an emerging area where a multidisciplinary approach is necessary for designing microsystems employing miniaturized devices; these new technologies promise a significant advancement of the current state of analytical testing leading to improved healthcare. In this work, the development of a lab-on-chip microsystem platform for the genetic analysis of Salmonella in milk samples is presented. The heart of the platform is an acoustic detection biochip, integrated with a microfluidic module. This detection platform is combined with a micro-processor, which, alongside with magnetic beads technology and a DNA micro-amplification module, are responsible for performing sample pre-treatment, bacteria lysis, nucleic acid purification and amplification. Automated, multiscale manipulation of fluids in complex microchannel networks is combined with novel sensing principles developed by some of the partners. This system is expected to have a significant impact in food-pathogen detection by providing for the first time an integrated detection test for Salmonella screening in a very short time. Finally, thanks to the low cost and compact technologies involved, the proposed set-up is expected to provide a competitive analytical platform for direct application in field settings.
Does time heal all wounds? A longitudinal study of the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms in parents of survivors of childhood cancer and bereaved parents

A lack of longitudinal studies has hampered the understanding of the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in parents of children diagnosed with cancer. This study examines level of PTSS and prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from shortly after diagnosis up to 5 years after end of treatment or child's death, in mothers and fathers.
MicroCT for developmental biology: A versatile tool for high‐contrast 3D imaging at histological resolutions

Understanding developmental processes requires accurate visualization and parameterization of three‐dimensional embryos. Tomographic imaging methods offer automatically aligned and calibrated volumetric images, but the usefulness of X‐ray CT imaging for developmental biology has been limited by the low inherent contrast of embryonic tissues. Here, I demonstrate simple staining methods that allow high‐contrast imaging of embryonic tissues at histological resolutions using a commercial microCT system. Quantitative comparisons of images of chick embryos treated with different contrast agents show that three very simple methods using inorganic iodine and phosphotungstic acid produce overall contrast and differential tissue contrast for X‐ray imaging at least as high as that obtained with osmium. The stains can be used after any common fixation and after storage in aqueous or alcoholic media, and on a wide variety of species. These methods establish microCT imaging as a useful tool for comparative developmental studies, embryo phenotyping, and quantitative modeling of development. Developmental Dynamics 238:632–640, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit III

N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR), a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic retinoid, induces apoptosis in various types of cells. Currently, oxidative mitochondrial damage is thought to cause 4HPR-induced apoptosis, although the exact mechanism has not yet been clarified. 4HPR effectively induces apoptosis in hepatoma cells although the susceptibility differs in a cell-specific manner. Hep-3B and PLC/PRF/5 cells were more susceptible to 4HPR than were Hep-G2 and SK-HEP-1 cells, and the resistance to 4HPR seems to be related to growth inhibition (G1 arrest). We further observed that 4HPR specifically down-regulates cytochrome coxidase subunit III (CO III) transcript levels through destabilization of its mRNA and thus decreases the activity of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV). To explore the mechanism whereby the CO III transcript was decreased by 4HPR, we used adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) ligands, which modulate mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) without altering CO III transcription. Intriguingly, bongkrekic acid, a specific ANT inhibitor, enhanced 4HPR-induced ΔΨm disruption, which in turn decreased the level ofCO III transcripts, which was accompanied by increases in the generation of reactive oxygen species and in apoptosis. In contrast, atractyloside, an activator of ANT, inhibited those 4HPR-induced effects. Taken together, these results indicate that down-regulation of CO III, a molecular marker of oxidative stress, may result from upstream ΔΨm disruption and that ligands of ANT may be capable of modulating 4HPR-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis.
Analysis on Mental Stress/Workload Using Heart Rate Variability and Galvanic Skin Response during Design Process

Mental stress/workload is now considered as an important element that affects design creativity. Many physiological measures such as Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electromyogram (EMG), Blood Pressure (BP), Skin Temperature (ST), Blood Volume Pulse (BVP), respiration rate (RIP) and Electroencephalogram (EEG) are used to identify mental stress level (Karthikeyan, Murugappan, & Yaacob, 2011; Lee, Jo, & Lee, 2011; Michon, 1966; Roscoe, 1992; Ryu & Myung, 2005; Wilson, 2002). This thesis aims to explore the relation between mental stress/workload and physiological measures and using those measures to identify the correlation between mental stress and design activities. One measure is Heart Rate Variability (HRV). The LF/HF ratio derived from HRV was used as an indicator of mental stress. The average value of LF/HF of different activities during a design experiment was computed and then clustered into seven levels which represent different levels of mental stress. The result showed that, during a cognitive design experiment, most of the activities in a design process were performed under low levels of mental stress and there was no correlation between types of design activities and levels of mental stress. Another measure is Galvanic Skin Response (GSR). Mean GSR of several design activities under different stress levels during a design experiment was calculated to investigate if it can be used as a reliable measure of mental workload. The result showed that mean GSR is significantly lower in baseline compared to working state and GSR in the pre-test resting state is significantly lower than GSR in the post-test resting state.
Differentiating Tier 2 Social Behavioral Interventions According to Function of Behavior

Schools implementing tiered supports for social behavior need to be systematic and thoughtful about moving to the next tier. However, schools often apply resources they have in a blanket fashion for children who demonstrate behavior problems. This practice is problematic, and there is a need for increased efforts to plan and be more careful about choosing specific interventions for children who do not respond to universal supports. This article aims to discuss the importance of determining the function for behavior problems prior to intervention selection. The authors discuss problems with the current practices in schools. Data from a study on the use of the Check In Check Out intervention are presented to further illustrate the importance of determining function for behavior and implementing interventions with integrity. Without this important step, children who are at risk may not be appropriately supported and valuable resources are expended without successful outcomes. Implications for practitioners are provided.
Developing awareness and understanding amongst mental health nursing students of the lived experience of dementia with the aid of selected first-person media resources

This study examines the influence that first-person media products (film, television, internet, books and newspapers) have upon promoting empathic understanding of the dementia experience amongst mental health nursing students. A designated mental health nursing learning group (n=36) was provided with a series of media products where personal dementia narratives were expressed. A grounded theory approach was used with focus group interviews conducted following each of the five designated media activities. This generated a variety of themes and concepts which were analysed in conjunction with responses from a subsequently distributed questionnaire and module evaluation. The first-person narratives were viewed as having a strong emotive impact upon students as well as promoting a broader understanding of how dementia impacts upon a person’s day-to-day life and the experience of family and carers. This facilitated the reframing of behaviours commonly considered ‘challenging’ with more of a person’s internal experience being recognised. A common concern, despite the stated value of these resources regarded the potential in becoming overwhelmed by informational and emotional content. This study highlighted the need for facilitators to carefully select first-person products with consideration shown to the expressiveness of narrators and the range and type of experience recounted. It also indicated the importance of adequately preparing students for what they were accessing and subsequently assisting them in processing the lived dementia experience. Whilst only accessing a small sample of narratives, all students expressed feeling better prepared for practice and having a more questioning and reflective approach towards the internal experience of those they were engaged with. This approach has much to offer from an attitudinal perspective and could form the base for training packages involved with dementia learning, especially given the current drive towards person-centred, compassionate and ‘caring’ practice. Further study in this area is required.
From the Margins to the Mainstream? Disaster Research at the Crossroads

The sociology of disasters has developed in ways that have weakened its ties with mainstream sociology. It has remained remarkably resistant to changes in the broader sociological landscape, and its strong applied focus has been a barrier to theoretical innovation. This situation is changing, as indicated by critiques of traditional ways of conceptualizing and explaining disasters; greater acceptance of constructivist formulations; willingness to acknowledge that disasters are accompanied by both social solidarity and social conflict; and recognition of the significance of the interaction of disasters and risk with gender, class, and other axes of inequality. However, the field is unlikely to overcome its marginal status without significant efforts to link the sociology of disasters with the related fields of risk and environmental sociology and, more broadly, to focus on core sociological concerns, such as social inequality, diversity, and social change.