Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genotype-Speci fi c Abnormalities in Mitochondrial Function Associate with Distinct Pro fi les of Energy Metabolism and Catecholamine Content in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

Purpose: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PGL) are neuroendocrine tumors of sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia. This study investigated the relationships between genotype-specific differences in mitochondrial function and catecholamine content in PGL tumors. Experimental Design: Respiratory chain enzyme assays and H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy at 500MHz were conducted on homogenates of 35 sporadic PGLs and 59 PGLs from patients with hereditary mutations in succinate dehydrogenase subunits B and D (SDHB, SDHD), succinate dehydrogenase assembly factor 2, von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), rearranged during transfection (RET), neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and myc-associated factor X. Results: In SDHx-related PGLs, a significant decrease in complex II activity (P < 0.0001) and a significant increase in complex I, III, and IV enzyme activities were observedwhen compared to sporadic, RET, andNF1 tumors. Also, a significant increase in citrate synthase (P < 0.0001) enzyme activity was observed in SDHxrelated PGLs when compared to sporadic-, VHL-, RET-, and NF1-related tumors. An increase in succinate accumulation (P < 0.001) and decrease in ATP/ADP/AMP accumulation (P < 0.001) was observed when compared to sporadic PGLs and PGLs of other genotypes. Positive correlations (P < 0.01) were observed between respiratory chain complex II activity and total catecholamine content and ATP/ADP/AMP and total catecholamine contents in tumor tissues. Conclusions: This study for the first time establishes a relationship between determinants of energy metabolism, like activity of respiratory chain enzyme complex II, ATP/ADP/AMP content, and catecholamine content in PGL tumors. Also, this study for the first time successfully usesNMR spectroscopy to detect catecholamines in PGL tumors and provides ex vivo evidence for the accumulation of succinate in PGL tumors with an SDHx mutation. Clin Cancer Res; 19(14); 3787–95. 2013 AACR.
Extended RAS mutations and anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody survival benefit in metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.

BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) prolong survival in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) exon 2 wild-type tumors. Recent evidence has suggested that other RAS mutations (in exons 3 and 4 of KRAS and exons 2, 3 and 4 of a related gene, NRAS) may also be predictive of resistance. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating anti-EGFR mAbs that have assessed tumors for new RAS mutations. Tumors with the new RAS mutations were compared with both tumors without any RAS mutations and tumors with KRAS exon 2 mutations with respect to anti-EGFR treatment progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) benefit. RESULTS Nine RCTs comprising a total of 5948 participants evaluated for both KRAS exon 2 and new RAS mutations met the inclusion criteria. Approximately 20% of KRAS exon 2 wild-type tumors harbored one of the new RAS mutations. Tumors without any RAS mutations (either KRAS exon 2 or new RAS mutations) were found to have significantly superior anti-EGFR mAb PFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P = 0.008) treatment effect compared with tumors with any of the new RAS mutations. No difference in PFS or OS benefit was evident between tumors with KRAS exon 2 mutations and tumors with the new RAS mutations. Results were consistent between different anti-EGFR agents, lines of therapy and chemotherapy partners. Anti-EGFR mAb therapy significantly improved both PFS {hazard ratio 0.62 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50-0.76]} and OS [hazard ratio 0.87 (95% CI 0.77-0.99)] for tumors without any RAS mutations. No PFS or OS benefit was evident with use of anti-EGFR mAbs for tumors harboring any RAS mutation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Tumors harboring one of the new RAS mutations are unlikely to significantly benefit from anti-EGFR mAb therapy in mCRC.
Alendronate‐induced atypical bone fracture: evidence that the drug inhibits osteogenesis

Alendronate (ALN) is used for the treatment of post‐menopausal osteoporosis. By reducing bone turnover, it increases bone mineral density. However, recent reports suggest an increased risk of atypical bone fractures after long‐term ALN administration. Despite its well‐known anti‐osteoclastic activity, it is unclear whether ALN also suppresses human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC)‐mediated osteogenesis, thus possibly resulting in atypical bone fragility. We hypothesized that ALN does this and we look at its in vitro effects on osteogenesis.
Defense-related proteins in higher plants.

1. 1 ntrodllction . 2. Activation of Defense Responses . 3. Classes of Defense-Related Proteins . Core enzymes of phenylpropanoid metabolism . " . "" . 4. Proteins that Change the Properties of the Extracellular Matrix , Extensins: hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins . Glycine-rich proteins . Peroxidases . Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase . Callose synthetase . 5. Proteins Associated with Deterrence and Antimicrobial Activif)l . Endohydrolases . "'" Thionins . ������a;! : li fn�r:;;���;��. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Late enzymes of phytoalexin biosynthesis . 6. Additional Defense-Related Proteins " . Pathogenesis-related proteins . " . Proteins encoded by wun 1 and wun 2 . Proteins encoded by win 1 and win 2 . ELl products . Elicitor-induced products . 7. Coordination of Defense Responses """""""" . , 8. Concluding Remarks. ".
Theory and Optimization of 1.3- $\mu \text{m}$  Metamorphic Quantum Well Lasers

The use of InGaAs metamorphic buffer layers (MBLs) to facilitate the growth of lattice-mismatched heterostructures constitutes a novel approach to developing GaAs-based long-wavelength semiconductor lasers. Such devices are attractive since they approach the improved electronic and optical confinement associated with GaAs-based materials. As a result, GaAs-based metamorphic devices can be expected to have improved high-temperature performance compared with equivalent InP-based devices, due to the improved carrier confinement in the quantum wells (QWs). We present a theoretical study of GaAs-based 1.3-μm AlInGaAs QW lasers grown on InGaAs MBLs. We demonstrate that an optimized single or double QW 1.3-μm metamorphic device offers low threshold current density and high differential gain, both of which compare favorably with InP-based devices. Overall, our analysis confirms and quantifies the potential of 1.3-μm metamorphic QW lasers for the development of GaAs-based long-wavelength semiconductor lasers, and also provides guidelines for the design of optimized devices.
Responses of Single Motor Units in Human Masseter to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Either Hemisphere

The corticobulbar inputs to single masseter motoneurons from the contra‐ and ipsilateral motor cortex were examined using focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with a figure‐of‐eight stimulating coil. Fine‐wire electrodes were inserted into the masseter muscle of six subjects, and the responses of 30 motor units were examined. All were tested with contralateral TMS, and 87 % showed a short‐latency excitation in the peristimulus time histogram at 7.0 ± 0.3 ms. The response was a single peak of 1.5 ± 0.2 ms duration, consistent with monosynaptic excitation via a single D‐ or I1‐wave volley elicited by the stimulus. Increased TMS intensity produced a higher response probability (n= 13, paired t test, P < 0.05) but did not affect response latency. Of the remaining motor units tested with contralateral TMS, 7 % did not respond at intensities tested, and 7 % had reduced firing probability without any preceding excitation. Sixteen of these motor units were also tested with ipsilateral TMS and four (25 %) showed short‐latency excitation at 6.7 ± 0.6 ms, with a duration of 1.5 ± 0.3 ms. Latency and duration of excitatory peaks for these four motor units did not differ significantly with ipsilateral vs. contralateral TMS (paired t tests, P > 0.05). Of the motor units tested with ipsilateral TMS, 56 % responded with a reduced firing probability without a preceding excitation, and 19 % did not respond. These data suggest that masseter motoneurons receive monosynaptic input from the motor cortex that is asymmetrical from each hemisphere, with most low threshold motoneurons receiving short‐latency excitatory input from the contralateral hemisphere only.
Reeducación cognitiva - emotiva en caso de ansiedad ante los exámenes

La prevalencia de la ansiedad en los estudiantes universitarios va en aumento, esto debido a diversos factores familiares, sociales, culturales y de desempeno academico. Cada vez son mas los casos reportados con trastorno de ansiedad ante los examenes. Existen diversos estudios en el campo de la psicologia que se han realizado, aportando test y constructos explicativos. En este articulo nos proponemos abordar la ansiedad ante los examenes a traves de un caso desde el enfoque de la Terapia Racional-Emotiva Conductual (TREC) de Albert Ellis. Primero, mostramos la relacion que existe entre fracaso escolar y ansiedad; segundo, describimos como la TREC conceptualiza el trastorno de ansiedad; y tercero, ofrecemos un estudio de caso, desde el diagnostico hasta el modelo de intervencion; concluyendo con dimensionar la efectividad de la TREC en el tratamiento de la ansiedad ante los examenes.
Filamentous Actin Regulates Insulin Exocytosis through Direct Interaction with Syntaxin 4*

Glucose-induced insulin exocytosis is coupled to associations between F-actin and SNARE proteins, although the nature and function of these interactions remains unknown. Toward this end we show here that both Syntaxin 1A and Syntaxin 4 associated with F-actin in MIN6 cells and that each interaction was rapidly and transiently diminished by stimulation of cells with d-glucose. Of the two isoforms, only Syntaxin 4 was capable of interacting directly with F-actin in an in vitro sedimentation assay, conferred by the N-terminal 39-112 residues of Syntaxin 4. The 39-112 fragment was capable of selective competitive inhibitory action, disrupting endogenous F-actin-Syntaxin 4 binding in MIN6 cells. Disruption of F-actin-Syntaxin 4 binding correlated with enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, mediated by increased granule accumulation at the plasma membrane and increased Syntaxin 4 accessibility under basal conditions. However, no increase in basal level Syntaxin 4-VAMP2 association occurred with either latrunculin treatment or expression of the 39-112 fragment. Taken together, these data disclose a new underlying mechanism by which F-actin negatively regulates exocytosis via binding and blocking Syntaxin 4 accessibility, but they also reveal the existence of additional signals and/or steps required to trigger the subsequent docking and fusion steps of exocytosis.
Prenatal development of the cerebellar system in the rat. I. Cytogenesis and histogenesis of the deep nuclei and the cortex of the cerebellum

Prenatal cerebellar development was investigated with three approaches. In normal embryos sectioned in three planes morphological and cytological changes were determined at daily intervals beginning on embryonic day 13 (E13). A similar series of X‐irradiated embryos was used to study changes in neuroepithelial organization and in the location of primitive (radiosensitive) or differentiated cells. Finally, to quantify the time of origin of different classes of cerebellar neurons with the progressively delayed labelling procedure, we used autoradiograms from adult rats whose mothers were injected with two successive daily doses of 3H‐thymidine on overlapping days from day E13 on.
Parallel and distributed computing for an adaptive visual object retrieval system

Computer vision and image processing has always been an active research domain that requires an enormous computational effort. In this paper we present the architecture of a modular object retrieval system. It is based on a dataflow concept which allows flexible adaptations to different tasks. This concept facilitates parallel processing as well as distributed computing. We also present a dynamic load balancing service for heterogeneous environments that has been integrated to improve system performance. First experiments show that the developed balancer performs better than standard balancing techniques in this environment.
New global observations of the terrestrial carbon cycle from GOSAT: Patterns of plant fluorescence with gross primary productivity

Our ability to close the Earth's carbon budget and predict feedbacks in a warming climate depends critically on knowing where, when and how carbon dioxide is exchanged between the land and atmosphere. Terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) constitutes the largest flux component in the global carbon budget, however significant uncertainties remain in GPP estimates and its seasonality. Empirically, we show that global spaceborne observations of solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence – occurring during photosynthesis – exhibit a strong linear correlation with GPP. We found that the fluorescence emission even without any additional climatic or model information has the same or better predictive skill in estimating GPP as those derived from traditional remotely‐sensed vegetation indices using ancillary data and model assumptions. In boreal summer the generally strong linear correlation between fluorescence and GPP models weakens, attributable to discrepancies in savannas/croplands (18–48% higher fluorescence‐based GPP derived by simple linear scaling), and high‐latitude needleleaf forests (28–32% lower fluorescence). Our results demonstrate that retrievals of chlorophyll fluorescence provide direct global observational constraints for GPP and open an entirely new viewpoint on the global carbon cycle. We anticipate that global fluorescence data in combination with consolidated plant physiological fluorescence models will be a step‐change in carbon cycle research and enable an unprecedented robustness in the understanding of the current and future carbon cycle.
On the policy improvement algorithm in continuous time

We develop a general approach to the Policy Improvement Algorithm (PIA) for stochastic control problems for continuous-time processes. The main results assume only that the controls lie in a compact metric space and give general sufficient conditions for the PIA to be well-defined and converge in continuous time (i.e. without time discretization). the PIA in continuous time is applicable in the context of weak stochastic control. We give simple explicit examples of control problems demonstrating the need for the weak formulation as well as diffusion-based classes of problems where the PIA in continuous time is applicable.
Development of National Characteristic Tourism Products with AMT

This article described the application process of advanced manufacturing technology using in the national tourism industry from the digital development, exhibition and cultural heritage protection aspects of ethnic characteristic tourism products, and introduced specific ways of computer-aided design, reverse engineering, rapid prototyping manufacturing technology and information network technology in the national tourism product development. It has a far-reaching significance to improve the efficiency of product development and the development of national characteristic tourism industry.
Using Multilevel Modeling in the Evaluation of Community-Based Treatment Programs

Health and social intervention programs targeted at neighborhoods, cities, and counties are becoming increasingly common (cf. Winick & Larson, 1997) and there is a concomitant need for systematic evaluation (Connell, Kubisch, Schorr & Weiss, 1995; O’Connor, 1995). Interventions across multiple sites require a different – multilevel – approach to testing hypotheses. Although multilevel models are increasingly being utilized (cf. Rindskopf & Saxe, 1998), actual application of such models to program assessment is complex and there are few examples. The goal of this article is to describe the application of multilevel statistical models to the evaluation of a multi-site community-based intervention and to explicate key issues in the design, analysis, and presentation of results. Since 1994, we have conducted the evaluation of Fighting Back (see Saxe, Reber, Hallfors, Kadushin, Jones, Rindskopf & Beveridge, 1997), a national demonstration program designed to test the feasibility of reducing substance abuse through coordination and expansion of community efforts (Jellinek & Hearn, 1991; Spickard, Dixon, & Sarver, 1994). Funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Fighting Back has been implemented in 14 communities in 11 states. Although the program concept is shared in common across these communities, each Fighting Back program reflects the history and organizational structure unique to that site. The flexibility provided by
Prototypage et analyse de performances d'un système de ranging pour une localisation par UWB

Durant cette derniere decennie, les reseaux de capteurs sans fil (WSN) et plus generalement les liens de collecte dans l'Internet des Objets et les reseaux pour les systemes ambiants, ont suscite une forte attention dans le monde industriel et celui de la recherche. Une de leurs applications est la localisation indoor des noeuds communicants. Le mecanisme d'evaluation de la distance entre les noeuds (ranging) est necessaire pour les noeuds afin de determiner leur position de facon precise. Les travaux de recherche presentes dans cet article s'inscrivent dans cette thematique et visent a utiliser les liens radio de type Ultra Wide Band (UWB), proposes par l'amendement de l'annee 2007 de la norme IEEE 802.15. 4, egalement utilisee par Zigbee et 6LoWPAN. Les transmissions UWB permettent d'obtenir un ranging performant par mesure de temps de vol (Time of Flight, ToF) qui permet d'alimenter des algorithmes et des protocoles de localisation des noeuds, sans materiel dedie (GPS, accelerometre, .). Pour que cette capacite de localisation soit reellement interessante sur le plan applicatif, les messages de ranging doivent etre integres dans les messages usuels du reseau (donnees, beacons, acquittements, etc.). Or, parce que le ranging repose sur des messages contraints temporellement, cette integration pose probleme, notamment a cause de la derive des horloges qui n'est plus negligeable si les echanges sont etales dans le temps. On aboutit alors a une grande imprecision de mesure de ToF et donc, de distance. Pour corriger ces erreurs, nous avons introduit des techniques originales de corrections algorithmiques dynamiques afin d'eliminer ces imprecisions. Une solution protocolaire de mesure est proposee et evaluee par un prototypage reel. Les resultats montrent une precision d'une vingtaine de centimetres, ce qui est bien meilleur que les solutions precedentes etudiees et qui laisse envisager la proposition future d'une inclusion du trafic de ranging dans le trafic usuel du reseau.
The Effect of Ficin on the Reaction Between Anti‐D and Red Cells

The reaction between a 7S incomplete anti‐D and ficin‐treated red cells was investigated using 131I‐labelled anti‐D. Ficin‐treatment brought about an increase in the value of the rate constant for association, and hence an increase in the value of the intrinsic binding constant. There was no evidence from the data that ficin treatment exposes additional antigen sites.
Integrating grey and green infrastructure to improve the health and well-being of urban populations

One of the enduring lessons of cities is the essential relationship between grey infrastructure (e.g., streets and buildings) and green infrastructure (e.g., parks and open spaces). The design and management of natural resources to enhance human health and well-being may be traced back thousands of years to the earliest urban civilizations. From the irrigation projects of the Indus Valley and the aqueducts of the Roman Empire to integrated systems of landscaped urban parks and street trees in contemporary times, humans have sought to harness the capacity of nature to advance city life. This article presents a systems science framework that delineates critical relationships between grey and green elements of cities and human health and well-being by modeling the complex, dynamic problem of asthma in socioeconomically disadvantaged city neighborhoods. By understanding the underlying structure of urban spaces and the importance of social interactions, urban planners, public health officials, and community members may capitalize on opportunities to leverage resources to improve the health and well-being of urban populations and promote social justice and health equity.
Impact of the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program on Surgical Readmissions Among Medicare Beneficiaries

Objective: To understand the impact of the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program on both future targeted and nontargeted surgical procedures. Background: The Hospital Readmission Reduction Program, established under the Affordable Care Act in March of 2010, placed financial penalties on hospitals with higher than expected rates of readmission beginning in 2012 for targeted medical conditions. Multiple studies have suggested a “spill-over” effect into other conditions, but the extent of that effect for specific surgical procedures is unknown. Methods: A retrospective review 5,122,240 Medicare beneficiaries who underwent future targeted procedures (total hip replacement, total knee replacements) or nontargeted procedures (colectomy, lung resection, abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, coronary artery bypass graft, aortic valve replacement, mitral valve repair) using an interrupted time series model to assess the rates of readmission before the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program was announced (2008–2010), whereas the program was being implemented (2010–2012) and after penalties were initiated (2012–2014). We also explored if the change in readmission rates were correlated with changes in index length of stay, use of observation status, or discharge to a skilled nursing facility. Results: From 2008 to 2014 rates of readmission declined for both target conditions (6.8%–4.8%; slope change −0.07 to −0.10, P < 0.001) and nontarget conditions (17.1%–13.4%; slope change −0.04 to −0.11, P < 0.001). The rate of reduction was most prominent after announcement of the program between 2010 and 2012 for both targeted and nontargeted conditions. During the same time period, mean hospital length of stay decreased; nontargeted conditions (10.4–8.4 days) and targeted conditions (3.6–2.8 days). There was no correlation between hospital reduction in readmissions and use of observation-only admissions (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.01) or discharge to a skilled nursing facility (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.05). Conclusions: Trends in readmissions after inpatient surgery are consistent with hospitals responding to financial incentives announced in the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program. There appears to be both an anticipatory effect (future targeted procedures reducing readmission before payments implemented) and a spillover effect (nontargeted procedures also reducing readmissions).