Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Consideration of Transparent Metal Structures for Subwavelength Diffraction Management

We considered theoretically and experimentally one-dimensional multilayered metallodielectric nanofilms with nanometric thickness for imaging below the diffraction limit. We investigated their behavior in the ultraviolet and visible spectrum from the point of view of near field optics, but also considered some of their properties in the far field. We designed our structures using the transfer matrix method and utilized RF sputtering to fabricate them. We consider some possible approaches to extract optical information from such multilayers
Language and Conceptualization

1. Overview: on the relationship between language and conceptualization Eric Pederson and Jan Nuyts 2. From outer to inner space: linguistic categories and non-linguistic thinking Stephen C. Levinson 3. Spatial operations in deixis, cognition and culture: where to orient oneself in Behlare Balthasar Bickel 4. Remote worlds: the conceptual representation of linguistic world Paul Werth 5. Role and individual interpretations of change predicates Eve Sweetser 6. Changing place in English and German: language-specific preferences in the conceptualisation of spatial relations Mary Carroll 7. Mapping conceptual representations into linguistic representations: the role of attention in grammar Russell S. Tomlin 8. Growth points cross-linguistically David McNeill 9. On the modularity of sentence processing: semantical generality and the language of thought Jay David Atlas 10. The contextual basis of cognitive semantics Ronald W. Langacker 11. The cognitive foundations of pragmatic principles: implications for theories of linguistic and cognitive representation Edward A. Robinson.
MCMC METHODS FOR BAYESIAN MODEL COMPARISON WITH CENSORED MULTIVARIATE DATA

Model comparison and selection are among the most common problems of statistical practice, with numerous procedures for choosing “the best” among a class models proposed in the literature (see Kadane and Lazar (2001) for a recent review). However, comparing and selecting among richly parameterized Bayesian hierarchical models challenge standard procedures. Formal Bayesian methods for model selection or model averaging via posterior model probabilities (Hoeting, Madigan, Raftery, and Volinsky 1999) present notorious computational difficulties exacerbated by richly parameterized models. As noted by Han and Carlin (2001), both direct approximations to marginal densities and model space searches require significant effort to implement, and in many cases may remain indeterminate. Moreover, hierarchical models may confound approximate model selection criteria such as AIC and BIC (Kass and Raftery 1995) because hierarchical prior structures can leave the appropriate measure of model complexity ambiguous (Hodges and Sargent 2001; Spiegelhalter, Best, and Carlin 1998). These factors make cross validation (Mosteller and Tukey 1977) and other informal predictive evaluations (Han and Carlin 2001; Laud and Ibrahim 1995) attractive alternatives. Unfortunately, however, traditional cross validation criteria – most notably sums of squared deviations from observed to predicted values – are not appropriate for complicated data structures. An example of such data is multivariate contaminant concentration data subject to differential component-wise censoring. This argues for a more flexible cross-validation criteria; the one considered in this study is the predictive density. Cross-validation predictive densities compromise between formal Bayes factor calculations and approximate criteria not applicable to complicated data and model structures. However, their calculation requires special considerations when data are not fully observed, especially when the effective size of the parameter space is large. This paper discusses MCMC methods for efficiently calculating cross-validation predictive densities when data are subject to censoring. It unifies the treatment of censored observations in a predictive versus fitting context, showing how the proposed methods for calculating the predictive densities are essentially identical to data augmentation (Tanner and Wong 1987) routines used to fit the model. It focuses on multivariate Gaussian data in an arbitrary parametric model structure because of the importance of this widely applicable case, but the principles of the methods can be extended to more general structures. Moreover, because of the close ties between predictive densities and Bayes factors, the methods may also be useful to structuring effective Bayes factor calculations.
Maintaining a Consistent Representation of Self across Multiple Social Networking Sites -- A Data-centric Perspective

The rising pervasiveness and use of sensitive data on Social Networking Sites (SNS) requires careful consideration of one's privacy while using such sites. Also, users faced with a multitude of online contacts from various areas of life feel the need to create multiple representations of self and keeping them consistent. The difficulty of this task is compounded by the use of multiple SNS. We argue that for maintaining a consistent representation of self across multiple SNS, it needs to be carefully analyzed how personal attributes, which make up the online identity, are implemented and stored on each site. In this paper, we analyze criteria to classify how attributes and their values are implemented at SNS. Then, we present a structured approach to transform attribute values for use on multiple SNS. We evaluate the approach by applying it to selected attributes of major SNS.
Accurate Synchronization of Gesture and Speech for Conversational Agents using Motion Graphs

Multimodal representation of conversational agents requires accurate synchronization of gesture and speech. For this purpose, we investigate the important issues in synchronization as a practical guideline for our algorithm design through a precedent case study and propose a two-step synchronization approach. Our case study reveals that two issues (i.e. duration and timing) play an important role in the manual synchronizing of gesture with speech. Considering the synchronization problem as a motion synthesis problem instead of a behavior scheduling problem used in the conventional methods, we use a motion graph technique with constraints on gesture structure for coarse synchronization in a first step and refine this further by shifting and scaling the motion in a second step. This approach can successfully synchronize gesture and speech with respect to both duration and timing. We have confirmed that our system makes the creation of attractive content easier than manual creation of equal quality. In addition, subjective evaluation has demonstrated that the proposed approach achieves more accurate synchronization and higher motion quality than the state-of-the-art method.
Viroporin activity of the JC polyomavirus is regulated by interactions with the adaptor protein complex 3

Significance Viroporins are small, hydrophobic viral proteins that form pores on host cell membranes, and their expression can increase the production of progeny virus particles. Recently, we have shown that human JC polyomavirus agnoprotein acts as a viroporin. We have investigated the role of host cellular proteins in the viroporin activity of the agnoprotein. We demonstrated that an interaction of the agnoprotein with the δ subunit of AP-3 prevents AP-3–mediated vesicular trafficking and blocks the targeted transport of the agnoprotein for lysosomal degradation. These findings demonstrate a previously undescribed paradigm in virus–host interactions regulating virus replication and suggest that viroporins of other viruses may also be regulated by specific interactions with host cellular proteins. Viroporins, which are encoded by a wide range of animal viruses, oligomerize in host cell membranes and form hydrophilic pores that can disrupt a number of physiological properties of the cell. Little is known about the relationship between host cell proteins and viroporin activity. The human JC polyomavirus (JCV) is the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The JCV-encoded agnoprotein, which is essential for viral replication, has been shown to act as a viroporin. Here we demonstrate that the JCV agnoprotein specifically interacts with adaptor protein complex 3 through its δ subunit. This interaction interrupts adaptor protein complex 3–mediated vesicular trafficking with suppression of the targeting of the protein to the lysosomal degradation pathway and instead permits the transport of agnoprotein to the cell surface with resulting membrane permeabilization. The findings demonstrate a previously undescribed paradigm in virus–host interactions allowing the host to regulate viroporin activity and suggest that the viroporins of other viruses may also be highly regulated by specific interactions with host cell proteins.
Overhead imagery research data set — an annotated data library & tools to aid in the development of computer vision algorithms

When failures occur in machine object recognition algorithms, researchers may have limited information on the root causes of the failure. For example, did the algorithm fail to detect a target due to occlusion, shadow, contrast, or some other known computer vision shortcoming? The Overhead Imagery Research Data Set (OIRDS) project will help advance the state of the art in image processing and computer vision by providing an open-access, annotated overhead imagery library that will allow researchers to break down algorithm performance by image and target attributes. The OIRDS project has produced a data set with almost 1,000 labeled images suitable for developing automated vehicle detection algorithms. These images contain approximately 1,800 labeled targets. For each target, the OIRDS provides over 30 annotations and over 60 statistics that describe the target within the context of the image.
More Than Just Talk on the Move: Uses and Gratifications of the Cellular Phone

Mobility, immediacy, and instrumentality are found the strongest instrumental motives in predicting the use of cellular phones, followed by intrinsic factors such as affection/sociability. Subscription to functionally enhanced services such as call transfers and caller ID appears to be important predictors for overall cellular phone use, especially for those who are on the go. As expected, the use of cellular phones on buses, cars, and trains or in malls and restaurants is strongly linked to mobility and immediate access gratifications. Further, young and less educated women tend to talk longer on each call. Finally, talking to co-workers and business partners via cellular phones appears to be for instrumental reasons, while talking to immediate family members is for mobility and showing affection.
Localisation and interactions of the Vipp1 protein in cyanobacteria

The Vipp1 protein is essential in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts for the maintenance of photosynthetic function and thylakoid membrane architecture. To investigate its mode of action we generated strains of the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 in which Vipp1 was tagged with green fluorescent protein at the C‐terminus and expressed from the native chromosomal locus. There was little perturbation of function. Live‐cell fluorescence imaging shows dramatic relocalisation of Vipp1 under high light. Under low light, Vipp1 is predominantly dispersed in the cytoplasm with occasional concentrations at the outer periphery of the thylakoid membranes. High light induces Vipp1 coalescence into localised puncta within minutes, with net relocation of Vipp1 to the vicinity of the cytoplasmic membrane and the thylakoid membranes. Pull‐downs and mass spectrometry identify an extensive collection of proteins that are directly or indirectly associated with Vipp1 only after high‐light exposure. These include not only photosynthetic and stress‐related proteins but also RNA‐processing, translation and protein assembly factors. This suggests that the Vipp1 puncta could be involved in protein assembly. One possibility is that Vipp1 is involved in the formation of stress‐induced localised protein assembly centres, enabling enhanced protein synthesis and delivery to membranes under stress conditions.
Just-in-time data structures: towards declarative swap rules

Just-in-Time Data Structures are an attempt to vulgarise the idea that changing the representation (i.e., implementation) of a data structure at runtime can improve the performance of a program compared to its counter part that relies on a single representation. In previous work, we developed a language to develop such Just-in-Time Data Structures. To express ``when'' to change between representations, a dedicated language construct was introduced: the swap rule. A swap rule analyses the state and usage of a just-in-time data structure and reacts as defined by a developer. Opposed to what the name suggest, swap rules are currently implemented as imperative statements woven into the codebase. Their intend, however, is declarative and therefore we think that swap rules should become real declarative rules. This extended abstract presents Just-in-Time Data Structures as a case for applying state-of-the-art in low overhead dynamic analysis. Changing from an imperative to a declarative implementation of swap rules will allow for more efficient execution of our programs by reducing the overhead of continuous analysis.
NAITRE study on the impact of conditional cash transfer on poor pregnancy outcomes in underprivileged women: protocol for a nationwide pragmatic cluster-randomised superiority clinical trial in France

Introduction Prenatal care is recommended during pregnancy to improve neonatal and maternal outcomes. Women of lower socioeconomic status (SES) are less compliant to recommended prenatal care and suffer a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Several attempts to encourage optimal pregnancy follow-up have shown controversial results, particularly in high-income countries. Few studies have assessed financial incentives to encourage prenatal care, and none reported materno-fetal events as the primary outcome. Our study aims to determine whether financial incentives could improve pregnancy outcomes in women with low SES in a high-income country. Methods and analysis This pragmatic cluster-randomised clinical trial includes pregnant women with the following criteria: (1) age above 18 years, (2) first pregnancy visit before 26 weeks of gestation and (3) belonging to a socioeconomically disadvantaged group. The intervention consists in offering financial incentives conditional on attending scheduled pregnancy follow-up consultations. Clusters are 2-month periods with random turnover across centres. A composite outcome of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality is the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints include maternal or neonatal outcomes assessed separately, qualitative assessment of the perception of the intervention and cost-effectiveness analysis for which children will be followed to the end of their first year through the French health insurance database. The study started in June 2016, and based on an expected decrease in the primary endpoint from 18% to 14% in the intervention group, we plan to include 2000 women in each group. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was first gained on 28 September 2014. An independent data security and monitoring committee has been established. Results of the main trial and each of the secondary analyses will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number NCT02402855; pre-results.
Investigating Multilingual Dependency Parsing

In this paper, we describe a system for the CoNLL-X shared task of multilingual dependency parsing. It uses a baseline Nivre's parser (Nivre, 2003) that first identifies the parse actions and then labels the dependency arcs. These two steps are implemented as SVM classifiers using LIBSVM. Features take into account the static context as well as relations dynamically built during parsing. We experimented two main additions to our implementation of Nivre's parser: N-best search and bidirectional parsing. We trained the parser in both left-right and right-left directions and we combined the results. To construct a single-head, rooted, and cycle-free tree, we applied the Chu-Liu/Edmonds optimization algorithm. We ran the same algorithm with the same parameters on all the languages.
Packing 2×2 unit squares into grid polygons is NP-complete

In a packing problem, the goal is to put some small objects disjointly into a large container, while optimizing some objective function. The packing problem is very general, and a rich variety of objects and containers are possible. One major split in the taxonomy of packing concerns whether the objects to be packed are allowed to be different or are all identical. In the case of identical packing, probably the simplest non-trivial variant is the following problem, which we call the 2 × 2 packing problem: How many axis-aligned 2× 2 squares can be packed inside a polygon P with n edges drawn on a unit grid, where the squares must be packed such that each occupies exactly four grid locations (i.e. rotation or fractional placement is forbidden)? Whether the problem when P is restricted to be simple (the 2× 2 simple packing problem) is polynomial or NP -complete appears on the open problem project [1] as problem 56. There they cite [3] as proving the 2× 2 packing problem NP complete (where P must be allowed to have holes). This is not true, as in [3] they do prove NP -completeness, but only when all possible locations where the squares could be packed are explicitly provided in the input. Since the size of a normal representation of a grid polygon using binary integers can differ exponentially from the number of possible packing locations inside the polygon (e.g. a k×k square requires Θ(log k) bits to represent but has Θ(k) packing locations), it does not follow from their result that the 2 × 2 packing problem is in NP if the input is simply a polygon. The result of [3] does prove NP -hardness for 2 × 2 packing problem. This paper is devoted to proving the 2 × 2 packing problem is in NP , and thus, combined with the work of [3] proves NP -completeness for the first time. Whether the 2× 2 simple packing problem is polynomial or NP -complete remains an important open question, and remains open quite surprisingly even if P is restricted to be orthogonally convex. A simple greedy algorithm works for Manhattan Skyline polygons [2], the most complex class of polygons for which a polynomial algorithm is known.
The linguistic maturity of 11-year-olds: some analysis of the written compositions of children in the National Child Development Study

ABSTRACT The written compositions of 11-year-olds in the National Child Development Study were analysed using the T-unit length (Hunt 1965) as a measure of syntactic maturity, and composition length as a measure of productivity. Only a weak association was found between mean T-unit length (MTUL) and composition length. There were no statistically significant regional differences in either composition length or MTUL. There were statistically significant sex and social class differences in composition length but not in MTUL. Composition length was associated with Reading Comprehension, General Ability test scores, and teachers' ratings of certain scholastic aptitudes. MTUL was associated only slightly or not at all with these measures. The results are discussed in relation to cognitive and linguistic development.
An approach to implementing dynamic adaptation in C++

This paper describes TRAP/C++, a software tool that enables new adaptable behavior to be added to existing C++ programs in a transparent fashion. In previous investigations, we used an aspect-oriented approach to manually define aspects for adaptation infrastructure, which were woven into the original application code at compile time. In follow-on work, we developed TRAP, a transparent shaping technique for automatically generating adaptation aspects, where TRAP/J is a specific instantiation of TRAP. This paper presents our work into building TRAP/C++, which was intended to be a port of TRAP/J into C++. Designing TRAP/C++ required us to overcome two major hurdles: lack of reflection in C++ and the incompatibility between the management of objects in C++ and the aspect weaving technique used in TRAP/J. We used generative programming methods to produce two tools, TrapGen and TrapCC, that work together to produce the desired TRAP/C++ functionality. Details of the TRAP/C++ architecture and operation are presented, which we illustrate with a description of a case study that adds dynamic auditing capabilities to an existing distributed C++ application.
Efficacy of UV-irradiated larval vaccine of Ancylostoma ceylanicum (Looss, 1911) in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)

ABSTRACT A vaccination trial in golden hamsters with UV-irradiated infective larvae of Ancylostoma ceylanicum was attempted. One oral vaccination of hamsters with 100 infective larvae irradiated by means of UV-tube (390 nm) at different time intervals induced the development of resistance. As the time exposure of irradiation was increased, there was a corresponding decrease in the subsequent worm establishment. A high level of protection afforded by larvae irradiated for 15min UV-exposure was recorded giving 99·0% and 95·0% worm reduction against the challenge doses of 100 and 1000 normal larvae respectively. There was no marked difference in worm establishment in hamsters vaccinated either orally or subcutaneously, followed by oral challenge. In the vaccinated hamsters, the manifestations of resistance at 15 min UV-exposure were shown by marked reduction in worm establishment and highly reduced epg in pellets with significantly higher blood haemoglobin levels compared with those given normal larvae as vaccine and challenge controls.
Theoretical capacity of tripole array MIMO systems within a fixed area

This work investigates the theoretical capacity achievement of tripole array multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems in wide angular spread environment using the correlation channel model for Rayleigh fading channels. Preliminary Monte Carlo simulation results show high capacity achievement for azimuth angular spread environment for a tripole dipole array with the tripole elements located uniformly within a fixed small square area. The idea of using tripole array antennas is useful to benefit from both polarization and space diversities in a compact-size array.
A theory of abstraction.

The ATLAS SOCIETY OF “A Theory of Abstraction” was originally published in Cognition and Brain Theor y, 1984, 7 (3 & 4), pp. 329–357. Copyright © 1984 by David Kelley All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher . Information or permission requests should be addressed to The ATLAS SOCIETY, 1001 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 830, Washington, DC 20036. Printed in the United S tates of America. Reprinted 2010.
Predictors and Moderators of Employee Responses to Employee Participation Programs

This paper explores mechanisms that help account for the relationship between individual involvement in employee participation programs and variations in affective responses to such programs. Proximity to and duration of members' involvement in participation programs are investigated, as are two potential moderating factors: organizational citizenship propensity, and individual discontent with the extent of worker participation in decision making. Proximity and duration both are associated with increased liking of employee participation programs in this study. The positive association is enhanced for those low in organizational citizenship or high in discontent. Implications of these findings for the creation and management of employee participation programs are discussed. Directions for future research are also suggested.