Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large Scale Hierarchical Text Classification

Large Scale Hierarchical Text Classification methods using the hierarchy have largely been unsuccessful. Most of the methods have used flat classification methods for the same. Our work primarily focusses on using k-nearest neighbour class of algorithms for this task. We use a modified implementation of the algorithm proposed by [1] to do the classification. Introduction Today, there is a huge dependence on online sources of informations such as Wikipedia, Quora etc. However, the assignment of categories to documents on Wikipedia, as well as the assignment of question tags on Quora remains a largely manual process. The Large Scale Hierarchical Text Classification (LSHTC [2]) problem is an attempt at automation of this process. A real-life application of the LSHTC problem can involve assigning one or more categories from amongst order of 10 categories to a specific document. Given that we have such a large number of categories to choose from, the training set would also be large, typically of the order of 10. Given the large number of categories as well as the large training set, the running time becomes almost as important a consideration as the accuracy. Related Work Large Scale Hierarchical Text Classification Challenges are held at [2] to accelerate research in this area. Papers on methods and techniques used by top-performers in the previous competitions were published. The current competition is hosted on Kaggle [3]. [4], [1], [5] are papers on different optimizations k-NN algorithm to classify the test documents(flat-classification strategies). Other approaches could be top-down approaches where classification of the test document is done at each internal node using an SVM(like in [6]) . Problem Instance The dataset available at [3] consists of 2.3 million documents for training. Each document is of the form label1, label2, label3 . ,labelc feature1 : value1 feature2 : value2 featuren : valuen Basically, each document is preprocessed and given to us in a vector form. The categories assigned to the document are label1, label2, . , labelc. The features in the feature vector of the document are feature1, feature2, . ,featuren. The values associated with each feature is the term frequency(TF) of the word/feature in the document. It can be seen that the classification is multi-label and multi-class.
VideoBrush/sup TM/: experiences with consumer video mosaicing

We present technical advances that were made in creating consumer level video mosaicing applications with inputs from hand held inexpensive cameras, and with near-real time response. In developing the VideoBrush/sup TM/ technologies, the goal was to give easily usable but robust video mosaicing capabilities in the hands of lay users. We highlight a number of problems that needed to be solved to enable this: 2D & 1D modes of scene scanning and alignment, progressive complexity of alignment models to provide real-time response to the user and multi-resolution blending for high quality mosaic output. The solution to these key technical challenges has led us to video mosaic technologies that can "scan" scenes as diverse as natural panoramic scenes to white boards and documents.
A Survey for Exploring Personality Traits of Excessive Online Game Users in Japan

For the aim at exploring differences on personality traits between excessive online game users and non-excessive users in Japan, an online survey was conducted using psychological scales measuring addictive tendencies for online gaming, depressive tendencies, aggression, and selfconcealment. The results revealed that that excessive online game users having addictive tendencies in Japan had lack of self-esteem as one of depressive tendencies, high aggressive tendencies, and low tendency of self-disclosure, in contrast with non-excessive users. Moreover, it was suggested that these users had a confidence in the society based on contributive behaviors in multi-player groups of online gaming.
FAST at MACH 20: clinical ultrasound aboard the International Space Station.

BACKGROUND Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) examination has been proved accurate for diagnosing trauma when performed by nonradiologist physicians. Recent reports have suggested that nonphysicians also may be able to perform the FAST examination reliably. A multipurpose ultrasound system is installed on the International Space Station as a component of the Human Research Facility. Nonphysician crew members aboard the International Space Station receive modest training in hardware operation, sonographic techniques, and remotely guided scanning. This report documents the first FAST examination conducted in space, as part of the sustained effort to maintain the highest possible level of available medical care during long-duration space flight. METHODS An International Space Station crew member with minimal sonography training was remotely guided through a FAST examination by an ultrasound imaging expert from Mission Control Center using private real-time two-way audio and a private space-to-ground video downlink (7.5 frames/second). There was a 2-second satellite delay for both video and audio. To facilitate the real-time telemedical ultrasound examination, identical reference cards showing topologic reference points and hardware controls were available to both the crew member and the ground-based expert. RESULTS A FAST examination, including four standard abdominal windows, was completed in approximately 5.5 minutes. Following commands from the Mission Control Center-based expert, the crew member acquired all target images without difficulty. The anatomic content and fidelity of the ultrasound video were excellent and would allow clinical decision making. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to conduct a remotely guided FAST examination with excellent clinical results and speed, even with a significantly reduced video frame rate and a 2-second communication latency. A wider application of trauma ultrasound applications for remote medicine on earth appears to be possible and warranted.
A programmable cascaded LPF based PLL scheme for single-phase grid-connected inverters

Phase angle, frequency and amplitude of the utility voltage are a critical piece of information for the operation of the grid-connected inverters. In such applications, an accurate and fast tracking of this information is essential to ensure the correct operation of the control system. This paper presents a novel phase-locked-loop (PLL) algorithm suitable for single-phase grid connected systems. The proposed algorithm generates the orthogonal voltage component using a structure based on a programmable cascaded low-pass filter (PCLPF), which possesses the following advantages: simple digital implementation and, therefore, low computational burden; - high filtering capability allowing a satisfactory harmonic distortion rejection- besides, the proposed structure is not affected by the frequency changes. The performance of the proposed PCLPFPLL algorithm is evaluated by extensive experimental tests, with various utility grid disturbances, such as voltage harmonics, voltage sag, phase jumps and frequency variations to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Polypharmacy among psychiatric patients

The purpose of the present study is to determine the frequency of polypharmacy among psychiatric patients in Helsinki, and to ascertain whether this practice is supported by clinical trials. The drugs prescribed in 1 day to a sample of patients (n= 694) in mental hospitals and outpatient clinics in Helsinki were studied. 69 % of patients received more than one psychotropic drug in 1 day (61 % received “proper” psychotropic drugs). On the average there were 2.1 different psychotropic drugs per patient, and the maximum was 6. A review of controlled clinical trials on the simultaneous use of more than one proper psychotropic drug in psychiatric diseases (excluding fixed combinations) revealed 14 trials. In only thee trials was the combination better than its single components or placebo. Thus, there seems to be no evidence from clinical trials defending the frequent polypharmacy. A radical reduction in the number of psychotropic drugs prescribed for psychiatric patients is apparently desirable.
The effect of interference on the capacity of multihop wireless networks

The effect of interference on the achievable rate region in multihop wireless networks under three increasingly constraining interference models network throughput characterization namely primary conflict avoidance, receiver conflict avoidance and transmitter-receiver conflict avoidance is studied in this paper. The necessary conditions for achievability in the three models as linear constraints, and the structure of these constraints to develop efficient fully polynomial time approximation algorithms that route end-to-end flows between multiple source destination pairs are exploited. The techniques developed in this paper are applicable to a wide range of problems, including capacity problems, arising in multihop networks with interference constraints.
Effect of FK-506 on Inflammation and Behavioral Outcome Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rat

Beginning 15 min after induction of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) by intrastriatal administration of collagenase, rats were treated intramuscularly with FK-506 (3 mg/kg) or with vehicle. Treatment was repeated daily for 7 days. MR imaging 1, 7, and 28 days post-ICH showed that treatment did not affect hematoma size or its subsequent resolution. Two days post-ICH, neutrophil infiltration around the hematoma was decreased in the FK-506-treated rats, as was the number of TUNEL-positive cells at the edge of the hematoma and in the peripheral region. The decreased inflammatory response was accompanied by functional improvement in the treated rats. The neurological deficit induced by the ICH (beam walking ability, postural reflex, spontaneous circling) was significantly decreased from 3 to 21 days post-ICH by treatment with FK-506. Skilled use of the forelimb ipsilateral to the ICH was improved and sensory neglect of the same limb was decreased 8-9 weeks post-ICH in rats treated with FK-506. However, neuronal loss assessed 9 weeks post-ICH was not different in the treated and untreated rats.
Age dependent changes of insulin receptors in rat tissues.

Aging is associated with insulin resistance but the exact molecular mechanism is still unknown. Tissue insulin resistance can be evoked by the decreased sensitivity to insulin, the decreased responsiveness to hormone or both. As the first step in insulin action is its binding to alfa subunits of the receptor we, therefore, studied the insulin binding kinetics in plasma membranes of the liver, heart and skeletal muscle in order to establish whether their ability to bind the hormone is altered with aging. Plasma membranes were prepared and purified according to Havrankowa and binding assay was performed using (125I)-iodoinsulin. The kinetic parameters of the hormone-receptor interaction were analysed by the method of Scatchard using the LIGAND-Pc v.3. 1. computer program. The binding potency of insulin was calculated as IC50 using ALLFIT-Pc v.2. 7. computer program. We have shown that there are striking differences in insulin binding kinetics in newborn and old rats, depending on kind of tissue tested. The liver plasma membranes ability for insulin binding, number of high (HAIR) and low (LAIR) affinity insulin receptors, values of the dissociation constants and products of association constants and number of insulin receptors, were almost the same, being not dependent on age of the rats. By contrast, there is less high affinity insulin receptors in skeletal muscle of the old animals. The most dramatic changes in insulin binding occur in the heart where both high and low affinity insulin receptors are greatly affected by aging. Our results indicate that the response of the three tissues tested to hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, observed in the old rats, has not been identical and probably can be accounted for by the different distribution of insulin receptor isoforms in the liver, heart and skeletal muscles as shown recently by Vidal et al.
Comparison of the E Test to agar dilution, broth microdilution, and agar diffusion susceptibility testing techniques by using a special challenge set of bacteria

The E Test (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden) is a new method for performing antimicrobial susceptibility tests. It consists of an impervious carrier (5- by 50-mm strip) with a predefined antimicrobic gradient which is placed on an inoculated agar plate and processed like a disk diffusion test. Results are generated directly as MICs from a continuous concentration gradient covering 15 twofold dilutions, and MICs are read where the edge of the inhibition zone intersects the strip. We compared the E Test with disk diffusion, broth microdilution, and agar dilution tests by using a challenge set of 195 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for 14 antimicrobial agents. Also, disk diffusion, broth microdilution, and agar dilution tests were compared with each other. All test method comparisons gave greater than 94% agreement for the category of susceptibility. The E Test category agreement with disk diffusion and broth microdilution was 95.1%, and with agar dilution it was 95.2%. The E Test results were as reliable as the results obtained by the standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods.
Systematic Review of Discriminating Power of Outcome Measures Used in Clinical Trials of Fibromyalgia

Objective Fibromyalgia (FM) comprises many symptoms and features. Consequently, studies on the condition have used a wide variety of outcome measures and assessment instruments. We investigated those outcome measures and instruments in association with the OMERACT (Outcome measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials) FM Workshop initiative to define core outcome measures that should be used to assess FM. Methods A systematic literature review up to December 2007 was carried out using the keywords “fibromyalgia,” “treatment” or “management,” and “trial. ” Data were extracted on outcome measures and assessment instruments used and the pre and post mean and standard deviation to calculate effect sizes (ES). Further sensitivity analysis was carried out according to treatment type, blinding status, and study outcome. Results The outcome domains identified fell largely within those defined by OMERACT. Morning stiffness was frequently assessed and therefore has been included here. The number of assessment instruments used was wide-ranging, so sensitivity analysis was only carried out on the top 5 within each domain. ES ranged from 0.54 to 3.77 for the key OMERACT domains. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was the only exception that had no instrument with moderate sensitivity. Of the secondary domains, dyscognition was lacking any sensitive instrument, as were fatigue and anxiety in pharmacological trials. Conclusion Each of the key OMERACT domains has an instrument that appears to be sensitive to change, with the exception of HRQOL, which requires further research. Dyscognition, fatigue, and anxiety would all benefit from more research into their assessment instruments.
User modeling for exploratory search on the Social Web: exploiting social bookmarking systems for user model extraction, evaluation and integration

Exploratory search is an information seeking strategy that extends be- yond the query-and-response paradigm of traditional Information Retrieval models. Users browse through information to discover novel content and to learn more about the newly discovered things. Social bookmarking systems integrate well with exploratory search, because they allow one to search, browse, and filter social bookmarks. Our contribution is an exploratory tag search engine that merges social bookmarking with exploratory search. For this purpose, we have applied collaborative filtering to recommend tags to users. User models are an im- portant prerequisite for recommender systems. We have produced a method to algorithmically extract user models from folksonomies, and an evaluation method to measure the viability of these user models for exploratory search. According to our evaluation web-scale user modeling, which integrates user models from various services across the Social Web, can improve exploratory search. Within this thesis we also provide a method for user model integra- tion. Our exploratory tag search engine implements the findings of our user model extraction, evaluation, and integration methods. It facilitates ex- ploratory search on social bookmarks from Delicious and Connotea and pub- lishes extracted user models as Linked Data.
Colonization and demographic expansion of freshwater fauna across the Hawaiian archipelago

It is widely accepted that insular terrestrial biodiversity progresses with island age because colonization and diversification proceed over time. Here, we assessed whether this principle extends to oceanic island streams. We examined rangewide mtDNA sequence variation in four stream‐dwelling species across the Hawaiian archipelago to characterize the relationship between colonization and demographic expansion, and to determine whether either factor reflects island age. We found that colonization and demographic expansion are not related and that neither corresponds to island age. The snail Neritina granosa exhibited the oldest colonization time (~2.713 mya) and time since demographic expansion (~282 kya), likely reflecting a preference for lotic habitats most prevalent on young islands. Conversely, gobioid fishes (Awaous stamineus, Eleotris sandwicensis and Sicyopterus stimpsoni) colonized the archipelago only ~0.411–0.935 mya, suggesting ecological opportunities for colonization in this group were temporally constrained. These findings indicate that stream communities form across colonization windows, underscoring the importance of ecological opportunities in shaping island freshwater diversity.
Design of RapidBase-an active measurement database system

In data-intensive industrial on-line applications utilizing live process data, one faces an unusual set of database requirements. The process measurement data need to be acquired at great speed, organized in time series and made available for time-based retrieval. Active capabilities and functional extensibility are needed to implement a flexible data-driven processing paradigm. An efficient transaction logging and recovery mechanism is needed in order not to impede the data acquisition flow. RapidBase is a system that meets these requirements. It utilizes a main-memory database, a unique temporal-relational data model for handling time series, and an elaborate trigger subsystem. It is implemented as a server program equipped with interfaces of high power of expression.
ClassMATE: Enabling Ambient Intelligence in the Classroom

Ambient Intelligence (AmI) environments bring significant potential to exploit sophisticated computer technology in everyday life. In particular, the educational domain could be significantly enhanced through AmI, as personalized and adapted learning could be transformed from paper concepts and prototypes to real-life scenarios. In this paper, an integrated framework is presented, named ClassMATE, supporting ubiquitous computing and communication in a school classroom. The main objective of ClassMATE is to enable pervasive interaction and context aware education in the technologically augmented classroom of the future.
Clinical lewy body dementia and the impact of vascular components

To study the prevalence of patients fulfilling the clinical consensus criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) in a dementia population followed up with postmortem examination. To compare the clinical and neuropathological findings in the clinical Lewy body dementia (LBD) group with findings in a clinically defined group with Alzheimer's disease (AD).
A Case Study of Using IEEE P1687 (IJTAG) for High-Speed Serial I/O Characterization and Testing

The performance of high-speed serial data links, along with the architectures of the transmitter and receiver circuitry used on either end, has led to increasing difficulty in applying traditional test and measurement techniques to characterize these channels. One solution, explored in this work, utilizes stimulus generation and response analysis circuitry embedded in the devices driving and receiving the links to perform a variety of tests and measurements that match and even exceed those possible with traditional instruments, as actual silicon results demonstrate. The access to this embedded measurement circuitry is provided via the IEEE std. 1149.1 test access port by use of a possible prototype for the draft IEEE P1687 (IJTAG) standard. This access mechanism is explained and its wider applications for test and debug are explored
Inductance calibration in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 1 MHz at PTB

Inductance calibrations at PTB are carried out with a Maxwell-Wien bridge. This bridge has the advantage that the first order bridge equation is independent of frequency which means that the bridge has the potential to be operated in a large frequency range. However, the actual frequency range, from power frequencies up to 1 MHz, requires an investigation of higher order effects.
IMPROVEMENT OF AN ONLINE MUSIC ALIGNMENT BASED ON ONSET INFORMATION

Music alignment is the association of events in a musical score with points in the time frames of an audio signal. So it is also called audio-score alignment. Until now, most polyphonic audio-score alignment methods are offline algorithms, and alignment accuracy drops significantly when using online algorithms. But most applications based on alignment need real-time results, such as Automatically Accompaniment System or Music Tutor. So we aim at improving the alignment result of an online alignment algorithm. In general online methods, a polyphonic music audio is segmented into time frames and they are fed to the score follower in sequence. Then the algorithm outputs a score position for each frame right after it is processed. In this paper, we find that not all audio frames give us the same level of reliability within the evolution of one note, especially in staccato performing or decay of piano sound when real sound will last shorter compared with our expectation from the score. Then the online follower in previous algorithm will get lost. So in this paper, we propose to utilize note onsets information to find the “faithful” frames as observation to do the alignment. A weighting function is introduced to assign different weights to the frames as the measure of their reliability. The function value is dropping within evolution of one note and score position tends to move forward evenly excluding observations from audio, while when a new onset is detected and weight returns high, it will be dragged to right position quickly due to high trust of observation. Experiments show that proposed improvements can get better alignment results than previous online methods, especially in piano music.