Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Analysis of a Bioactive Polysaccharide, PISP1, from the Medicinal Mushroom Phellinus igniarius

PISP1, a heteropolysaccharide isolated from fruiting bodies of Phellinus igniarius by hot aqueous extraction and purified by DEAE-Sepharose anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography, is composed of fucose, galactose, mannose, and 3-O-Me-galactose in a ratio of 1:2:1:2. Methylation, monosaccharide analysis, and NMR studies (1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY-45°, TOCSY, ROESY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed that PISP1 had a backbone consisting of 1,6-disubstituted-3-O-Me-α-D-galactopyranosyl residue, 1,3,6-trisubstituted-α-D-manopyranosyl residue, 1,4-disubstituted-α-D-galactopyranosyl residue, and 1,2-disubstituted-α-D-galactopyranosyl residue, and had a 1-substituted-α-L-fucopyranosyl terminal attached to O-3 of a manopyranosyl residue. Preliminary bioactivity tests conducted in vitro revealed that PISP1 stimulated the proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes.
Trace Elements (Copper, Zinc, Manganese, and Selenium) in Plasma and Erythrocytes in Relation to Dietary Intake During Infancy

All determinations of copper, zinc, manganese, and selenium were performed with a flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Seventy-three full-term infants aged 1 to 52 weeks were divided into three age groups. Each age group contained two subgroups, breast-fed and formula-fed. No statistically significant differences between formula-fed and breast-fed subgroups were found in regard to the levels of copper and zinc in plasma and erythrocytes. At 1 to 5 weeks of age, the manganese concentration of erythrocytes was higher in formula-fed than in breast-fed infants (p < 0.001). This might be due to the high dietary intake of this element in the formula-fed subgroup. On the other hand, plasma selenium concentrations were significantly higher in breastfed than in formula-fed infants of all ages (p < 0.01 at 1 to 5 weeks and p < 0.05 at 6 to 52 weeks). This suggests that selenium compounds are biologically more available for infant nutrition in breast milk than in formula.
ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF THE DEBRIS DISK AROUND THE YOUNG SOLAR ANALOG HD 107146

We present the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) continuum observations at a wavelength of 1.25 mm of the debris disk surrounding the ∼100 Myr old solar analog HD 107146. The continuum emission extends from about 30 to 150 AU from the central star with a decrease in the surface brightness at intermediate radii. We analyze the ALMA interferometric visibilities using debris disk models with radial profiles for the dust surface density parameterized as (1) a single power law, (2) a single power law with a gap, and (3) a double power law. We find that models with a gap of radial width ∼8 AU at a distance of ∼80 AU from the central star, as well as double power-law models with a dip in the dust surface density at ∼70 AU provide significantly better fits to the ALMA data than single power-law models. We discuss possible scenarios for the origin of the HD 107146 debris disk using models of planetesimal belts in which the formation of Pluto-sized objects trigger disruptive collisions of large bodies, as well as models that consider the interaction of a planetary system with a planetesimal belt and spatial variation of the dust opacity across the disk. If future observations with higher angular resolution and sensitivity confirm the fully depleted gap structure discussed here, a planet with a mass of approximately a few Earth masses in a nearly circular orbit at ∼80 AU from the central star would be a possible explanation for the presence of the gap.
Heat shock factor 1 mediates the longevity conferred by inhibition of TOR and insulin/IGF‐1 signaling pathways in C. elegans

Target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling is an evolutionarily well‐conserved pathway that regulates various physiologic processes, including aging and metabolism. One of the key downstream components of TOR signaling is ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) whose inhibition extends the lifespan of yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, and mice. Here, we demonstrate that the activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF‐1), a crucial longevity transcription factor known to act downstream of the insulin/IGF‐1 signaling (IIS) pathway, mediates the prolonged lifespan conferred by mutations in C. elegans S6K (rsks‐1). We found that hsf‐1 is required for the longevity caused by down‐regulation of components in TOR signaling pathways, including TOR and S6K. The induction of a small heat‐shock protein hsp‐16, a transcriptional target of HSF‐1, mediates the long lifespan of rsks‐1 mutants. Moreover, we show that synergistic activation of HSF‐1 is required for the further enhanced longevity caused by simultaneous down‐regulation of TOR and IIS pathways. Our findings suggest that HSF‐1 acts as an essential longevity factor that intersects both IIS and TOR signaling pathways.
RMIT University at TREC 2008: Enterprise Track

Abstract : The Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) in Australia participated in the 2008 Enterprise Track document search task. Their experiments investigated the use of local outdegree, and whether this can improve the ranking quality of a search result list. Unlike global outdegree, which counts the number of out-links of a page that point to any other pages in a collection, local outdegree only counts the out-links that point to pages contained in a search result list. Intuitively, restricting the outdegree to the result set of a query transforms this source of evidence from something general into a topically focused source of information, and may help to reduce the problem of topic shift. For their experiments, they used the Zettair search engine to index and search the CSIRO collection used for the 2008 Enterprise Track. This collection is a crawl of the public-facing web of the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) in 2007 (Bailey et al., 2007). Document weights were calculated using the Okapi BM25 similarity function (Sparck Jones et al., 2000), with query words being terms from the query fields of the track topics. During indexing and search, words were stemmed and stopped.
A Novel Approach for Monocular 3 D Object Tracking in Cluttered Environment 853 Monocular Video Sequences

Machine perception is an essential feature for an autonomous system. For the computer vision researcher perception of scene is an important aspect. Smart surveillance system can be able to sense the environments and understand it in a smartly. Location and behavior of objects in a space is helpful in detection and tracking of it in dynamic scenes. Detection and Tracking of objects is really a difficult task if it is to be estimated in 3D. This paper presents novel and robust approach for 3D object detection and tracking using monocular scene. Our statistical approach takes geometric information of the 3D scene. So our proposed algorithm is capable to track rigid objects in 3D using Monocular camera and it can also handle non static background and partial occlusions. The performance evaluation will shows the significant amount of improvements, robustness and the efficiency of our proposed algorithm.
Rescue of rinderpest virus from cloned cDNA

Rinderpest virus is a morbillivirus and is the causative agent of a widespread and important disease of cattle. The viral genome is a single strand of RNA in the negative sense. We have constructed plasmids containing cDNA copies of the 5' and 3' termini of the virus separated by a reporter gene and have shown that antigenome-sense RNA transcripts of these model genomes can be replicated, transcribed, and packaged by helper virus, both rinderpest virus and the related measles virus. Further, these genome analogs can be replicated and transcribed by viral proteins expressed from cDNA clones by using a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing T7 RNA polymerase (MVA-T7). Using this latter system, we have rescued live rinderpest virus from a full-length cDNA copy of the genome of the RBOK vaccine strain. The recombinant virus appears to grow in tissue culture identically to the original virus.
Microsatellite analysis indicates genetic differentiation of the neo-sex chromosomes in Drosophila americana americana

The neo-sex chromosomes of Drosophila americana americana were formed by a centric fusion between the autosomal element B and the X chromosome. Previous work has shown that the neo-Y chromosome is not degenerated genetically and that there is no evidence for genetic differentiation between neo-X and neo-Y chromosomes at the sequence level. To further address the genetic differentiation between the neo-sex chromosomes, microsatellites mapping to the neo-sex chromosome of D. a. americana were isolated. Microsatellite analysis indicated a highly significant differentiation between D. a. americana and D. a. texana as well as between the neo-X and neo-Y chromosomes in D. a. americana. Nevertheless, levels of variability were similar among the neo-sex chromosomes, indicating a very recent origin.
The end of the hepatitis C burden: Really?

Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and its complications, including cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and death. Approximately 170 million individuals are infected worldwide. The development of new HCV direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs paved the way to the approval of all-oral, interferon (IFN)alpha-free combination regimens that proved safe and highly efficacious in both large-scale clinical trials and in the real world, with an over 95% cure of infection rate when used according to international liver society guidelines. Although better therapies are anticipated for certain groups of patients (e.g., those with genotype 3 infection, advanced chronic kidney disease, decompensated cirrhosis, HCC, etc.), tools exist that could theoretically eradicate HCV from the earth. In the current issue of HEPATOLOGY, Chhatwal et al. used a validated model and assumptions based on the current HCV treatment situation in the United States to project the effect of DAA-based therapies on the burden of HCV infection up to 2030. Their conclusion is that the HCV-associated disease burden will still remain substantial in the era of oral DAAs, unless HCV screening and treatment capacity are dramatically increased. Definitive eradication of a highly prevalent chronic viral infection that took centuries to adapt and spread over human populations is unlikely to occur. Controlling the infection, that is, making chronic hepatitis C a rare disease with limited morbidity and mortality, is possible with the current available tools. Four conditions must be met to achieve this ambitious goal: (1) Infected patients must be identified; (2) patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HCV infection must have access to a convenient cascade of care; (3) treatment must be simple; and (4) treatment must be affordable.
Community engagement: outcomes for occupational therapy students, faculty and clients.

Students in health care professions, including occupational therapy, are required to develop knowledge, skills and attitudes in mental health and research. Persons diagnosed with a mental illness, a learning disability or an autism-spectrum disorder desire to achieve goals in higher education and employment. Faculty in health care programmes strives to meet professional goals and accreditation and institution requirements for teaching, service and scholarship. The Bridge Program, a programme based on principles of community engagement, was developed to meet the needs of these three stakeholders. The objective of this paper is to provide programme description and outcomes of the effectiveness of the Bridge Program for all three stakeholders. This uses mixed methods research design including descriptive and quantitative and qualitative one-group pre-test-post-test designs. Instruments consisted of the Occupational Therapy Student and Mental Health Population Scale and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Quantitative results support that graduate occupational therapy students gained research and clinical skills (n = 100; p = .000); clients increased performance and satisfaction toward goals (n = 113; p = .000) and faculty (n = 1) achieved goals related to teaching, service and scholarship. Programmes based on principles of community engagement can address the needs of the community, can provide outcomes that advance knowledge about community practice and can result in benefits for all stakeholders. This paper is limited to generalization and instrumentation and recommends an ongoing evaluation of other community engagement programmes involving all stakeholders in the future research.
Multitask Spectral Learning of Weighted Automata

We consider the problem of estimating multiple related functions computed by weighted automata~(WFA). We first present a natural notion of relatedness between WFAs by considering to which extent several WFAs can share a common underlying representation. We then introduce the model of vector-valued WFA which conveniently helps us formalize this notion of relatedness. Finally, we propose a spectral learning algorithm for vector-valued WFAs to tackle the multitask learning problem. By jointly learning multiple tasks in the form of a vector-valued WFA, our algorithm enforces the discovery of a representation space shared between tasks. The benefits of the proposed multitask approach are theoretically motivated and showcased through experiments on both synthetic and real world datasets.
Uptane : Securing Software Updates for Automobiles

Software update systems for automobiles can deliver significant benefits, but, if not implemented carefully, they could potentially incur serious security vulnerabilities. Previous solutions for securing software updates consider standard attacks and deploy widely understood security mechanisms, such as digital signatures for the software updates, and hardware security modules (HSM) to sign software updates. However, no existing solution considers more advanced security objectives, such as resilience against a repository compromise, or freeze attacks to the vehicle’s update mechanism, or a compromise at a supplier’s site. Solutions developed for the PC world do not generalize to automobiles for two reasons: first, they do not solve problems that are unique to the automotive industry (e.g., that there are many different types of computers to be updated on a vehicle), and second, they do not address security attacks that can cause a vehicle to fail (e.g. a man-in-themiddle attack without compromising any signing key) or that can cause a vehicle to become unsafe. In this paper, we present Uptane, the first software update framework for automobiles that counters a comprehensive array of security attacks, and is resilient to partial compromises. Uptane adds strategic features to the state-of-the-art software update framework, TUF, in order to address automotivespecific vulnerabilities and limitations. Uptane is flexible and easy to adopt, and its design details were developed together with the main automotive industry stakeholders in the USA.
The macrophage heterogeneity: Difference between mouse peritoneal exudate and splenic F4/80+ macrophages

Macrophages isolated from various tissues manifest differences in cell shape, the expression of surface markers, as well as metabolic and functional activities. However, the heterogeneity of macrophages expressing the same marker in different tissues has not been fully addressed. In the present study, mouse F4/80+ peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEMs) and splenic macrophages (SPMs) appeared similar in most respects. But the percentages of cells expressing CD80, CD40, MHC‐II, TLR2, or TLR4, but not CD11c, CD54, or CD23, in freshly isolated F4/80+ SPMs were significantly higher than those in PEMs, whereas the levels of CD86+ cells in F4/80+ SPMs were markedly lower than those in PEMs. After lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, F4/80+ SPMs expressed significantly higher levels of CD86, CD40, or MHC‐II than F4/80+ PEMs, but not CD11c, CD80, CD54, or CD23. F4/80+ SPMs had remarkably lower non‐opsonic phagocytotic capacity against chicken RBCs or allo‐T cells than PEMs as determined by two‐photon microscopes and flow cytometry. SPMs produced markedly more NO than PEMs when cultured with LPS or allo‐T cells. Furthermore, SPMs exhibited stronger immunogenicity than PEMs, as determined by the ability to stimulate T cell proliferation, delayed type hypersensitivity, and IFN‐γ production. The data showed the differences between SPMs and PEMs with regard to the phenotypes, phagocytosis, and immunogenicity, which may offer important information for us to better understand the distinguished immune responses of macrophages in spleens and the peritoneal cavity. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 341–352, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing

We present AOMDV, an on-demand multipath distance vector protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. AOMDV is based on a prominent on-demand single path protocol called AODV. AOMDV establishes multiple loop-free and link-disjoint paths. Performance comparison of AOMDV with AODV using ns-2 simulations under varying node speeds shows that AOMDV provides a factor of two improvement in delay and about 20% reduction in routing overhead, while having similar packet delivery fraction.
Coevolution of hosts and parasites

The coevolution of parasites and their hosts has both general biological interest and practical implications in agricultural, veterinary and medical fields. Surprisingly, most medical, parasitological and ecological texts dismiss the subject with unsupported statements to the effect that ‘successful’ parasite species evolve to be harmless to their hosts. Recently, however, several people have explored theoretical aspects of the population genetics of host-parasite associations; these authors conclude that such associations may be responsible for much of the genetic diversity found within natural populations, from blood group polymorphisms (Haldane, 1949) to protein polymorphisms in general (Clarke, 1975, 1976) and to histocompatibility systems (Duncan, Wakeland & Klein, 1980). It has also been argued that pathogens may constitute the selective force responsible for the evolution and maintenance of sexual reproduction in animal and plant species (Jaenike, 1978; Hamilton, 1980, 1981, 1982; Bremermann, 1980).
A robust two-stage super-resolution algorithm

Super-Resolution is the process of constructing a high resolution image when a set of one or more low resolution input images is given. Traditionally, there are two methods exploited widely for enhancing the image via Super-Resolution viz. Single-Frame or Single-Based approach and Multi-Frame or Sequence-Based approach. Because the low resolution images have less information because of lower pixel density than their high resolution counterparts, the enhancement process requires missing image data to be calculated. In this paper, we have proposed a novel method that exploits the advantages of both these traditional methods. In the first phase, we improve a set of low resolution images via learning dictionary single frame method and in second phase we combine these by projecting these images onto convex sets thereby enhancing the image by information procured from multiple images. Experimental results show that our method works considerably better than state-of-the art Super Resolution enhancement methods.
Intonational correlates of subject and object realisation in Mawng (Australian)

A range of intonational devices can be used in the grammar of information and corrective focus marking in languages with relatively free word order. In this paper we explore whether nouns in the Australian Indigenous language Mawng are realised differently depending on syntactic function and focus. Results show that the pitch level associated with Subjects is higher in conditions of corrective focus compared to other utterance contexts and there is a strong correlation between focus and utterance position. Placing a word in a corrective focus context does not appear to have an effect on word duration in this corpus confirming that pitch register variation and intonational phrasing are the major prosodic cues associated with corrective focus in Mawng.
An Improved XML Document Clustering Using Path Feature

Extensible markup language (XML) documents clustering is useful to XML application such as XML search engine. The element tags and their position in the document's hierarchy provide valuable information to clustering XML documents. XML path can represent both element tags and their position information. Since common Xpath represents only parts of the XML structural, using common Xpath as XML structural representation is not always efficient to XML clustering, especially when those documents are with dissimilar structure. In this paper, we use all paths less than or equal to length L as feature vectors for XML documents. Since the feature vector matrix is usually sparse, we use bipartite graph to express association relation among XML documents and path features. Based on this idea, we improved the path-based XML clustering algorithm. Experiments are described to demonstrate its efficiency.
Phorbol Ester-induced Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species Is Protein Kinase Cβ-dependent and Required for SAPK Activation*

Treatment of human U-937 myeloid leukemia cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is associated with protein kinase C (PKC) βII-mediated activation of the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) pathway. The present studies demonstrate that the TPA response of U-937 cells includes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By contrast, the TPA-resistant U-937 cell variant (TUR), which is deficient in PKCβII expression, failed to respond to TPA with the induction of ROS. Moreover, we show that TPA-induced ROS production is restored in TUR cells stably transfected to express PKCβII. The results also demonstrate that TPA-induced ROS production is required for activation of the MEK kinase-1 (MEKK-1)→ SAPK pathway. In concert with this observation, treatment of U-937 with H2O2as a source of ROS is associated with activation of the MEKK-1→SAPK cascade. These findings indicate that PKCβII is required for TPA-induced ROS production and that the MEKK-1→SAPK pathway is activated by a ROS-mediated mechanism.
NBTI-aware statistical timing analysis framework

Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) has become a major factor of reliability. In this paper, we proposed a simple analytical model to predict the degraded delay distribution due to NBTI and process variation. Using our NBTI and variation-aware timing analysis framework, accurate degraded gate delay is computed without tedious simulation. Moreover, conventional variation-aware design techniques can apply to develop a reliable circuit design using our model.
The Simulation of Three-Phase Voltage Source PWM Rectifier

Three-phase PWM voltage rectifier (VSR) applies Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology, it can overcomes the drawbacks of the conventional rectifiers, and has higher power factor, lower harmonic current and rapid dynamic respond, so VSR used widespread. In this paper a dual-channel closed-loop control strategy with current-inner-loop and voltage-outer-loop is adopted for VSR, which makes the DC-side voltage remain steady and the system will run in unit factor. A simulation model of VSR is established, proper parameters are selected, and the control result is fine.