Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The equation of state of a molten komatiite: 1 Shock wave compression to 36 GPa

The equation of state (EOS) of an initially molten (1550°C) komatiite (27 wt % MgO) was determined in the 5–36 GPa pressure range via shock wave compression. Shock wave velocity U_s and particle velocity U_p (kilometers/second) follow the linear relationship U_s = 3.13(±0.03) + 1.47(±0.03) U_p . Based on a calculated density at 1550°C, 0 bar of 2.745±0.005 g/cm^3, this U_s -U_p relationship gives the isentropic bulk modulus K_s = 27.0 ± 0.6 GPa, and its first and second isentropic pressure derivatives, K′_s = 4.9 ±0.1 and K″_s = −0.109 ± 0.003 GPa^(−1). The calculated liquidus compression curve agrees within error with the static compression results of Agee and Walker (1988) to 6 GPa but is less dense than their extrapolated values at higher pressures. We determine that olivine (FO_(94)) will be neutrally buoyant in komatiitic melt of the composition that we studied near 8.2 GPa. Clinopyroxene would also be neutrally buoyant near this pressure. Liquidus garnet-majorite may be less dense than this komatiitic liquid in the 20–24 GPa interval; however, pyropic-garnet and perovskite phases are denser than this komatiitic liquid in their respective liquidus pressure intervals to 36 GPa. Liquidus perovskite may be neutrally buoyant near 70 GPa. At 40 GPa, the density of shock-compressed molten komatiite would be approximately equal to the calculated density of an equivalent mixture of dense solid oxide components. This observation supports the model of Rigden et al. (1989) for compressibilities of liquid oxide components. Using their theoretical EOS for liquid forsterite and fayalite, we calculate the densities of a spectrum of melts from basaltic through peridotitic that are related to the experimentally studied komatiitic liquid by addition or subtraction of olivine. At low pressure, olivine fractionation lowers the density of basic magmas, but above 13–14 GPa this trend is reversed. All of these basic to ultrabasic liquids are predicted to have similar densities at 13–14 GPa, and this density is approximately equal to the density of the bulk (preliminary reference Earth model) mantle in this pressure range. This suggests that melts derived from a peridotitic mantle may be inhibited from ascending from depths greater than 400 km.
Efficient Unsupervised Band Selection Through Spectral Rhythms

The main goal of remote sensing image classification is to associate land cover classes to each pixel in the monitored area. In this sense, hyperspectral images play a key role by providing detailed spectral information per pixel. On the other hand, although the huge amount of spectral bands enables the creation of more accurate thematic maps, they can compromise the quality of results due to data redundancy, high-dimensionality problems and noisy bands. Many dimensionality reduction techniques have been proposed in order to better use the available information. An effective strategy is to perform a band selection, which aims at selecting the best bands for classification. This process decreases the dimensionality without degrading information, i.e., it keeps the physical properties acquired by the sensors. As a drawback, the dimensionality reduction process can take a lot of time to be performed. In this paper, we propose a new unsupervised band selection method based on the dissimilarity among neighboring bands by exploiting an intermediary representation called spectral rhythm. Our approach can take advantage of a pixel sampling strategy to improve its efficiency without significant reduction on the quality of selected bands. Experimental results reveal that our method can efficiently select suitable bands to represent the whole data by producing accuracy results as good as the baselines in the classification problem.
Understanding Verbs based on Overlapping Verbs Senses

Natural language can be easily understood by everyone irrespective of their differences in age or region or qualification. The existence of a conceptual base that underlies all natural languages is an accepted claim as pointed out by Schank in his Conceptual Dependency (CD) theory. Inspired by the CD theory and theories in Indian grammatical tradition, we propose a new set of meaning primitives in this paper. We claim that this new set of primitives captures the meaning inherent in verbs and help in forming an inter-lingual and computable ontological classification of verbs. We have identified seven primitive overlapping verb senses which substantiate our claim. The percentage of coverage of these primitives is 100% for all verbs in Sanskrit and Hindi and 3750 verbs in English.
DISCURSIVE INCONVENIENCE: THE DIS/APPEARING RHETORIC OF LGBT RIGHTS IN POST-SECONDARY INTERNATIONALIZATION TEXTS

This paper outlines a preliminary document analysis of the intersection of two prominent discourses in the Western public academy: equity and internationalization. Particular dilemmas arise for people who self-identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT). These dilemmas, I propose, exemplify impacts of the neoliberal compulsion to let financial costs and benefits drive change. After explaining the globalizing discourses of LGBT rights and internationalization, I use texts from my home university to illustrate the implications of their convergence for post-secondary institutions and the LGBT people who work and study within them.
USING SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS TO UNDERSTAND THE MADE SURFACES WITH PROTEINS AND CELLS INTERACTIONS OF MAN -

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed on the adsorption of longchain alkanethiols to the surface of gold or alkylsilanes to hydroxylated surfaces are well-ordered organic surfaces that permit control over the properties of the interface at the molecular scale. The abililty to present molecules, peptides, and proteins at the interface make SAMs especially useful for fundamental studies of protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Microcontact printing is a simple technique that can pattern the formation of SAMs in the plane of the monolayer with dimensions on the micron scale. The convenience and broad application offered by SAMs and microcontact printing make this combination of techniques useful for studying a variety of fundamental phenomena in biointerfacial sci-
Virtual Reality Cue Reactivity Assessment

Objectives: The cue-reactivity paradigm has been widely used to assess craving among cigarette smokers. Seeking to replicate and expand on previous virtual reality (VR) nicotine cue-reactivity research on nontreatment-seeking smokers, the current study compared subjective reports of craving for cigarettes when exposed to smoking (proximal and contextual) and neutral cues using VR in treatment-seeking and nontreatment-seeking cigarette smokers. Methods: Data from two previously published studies in nontreatment seekers from our group (Bordnick et al., 2004; Bordnick, Graap, Copp, Brooks, & Ferrer, 2005) were compared to results with 82 newly enrolled treatment-seeking smokers. Results: Overall, VR cues produced similar levels of craving for both treatment seekers and nontreatment seekers across the different cue environments. Specifically, craving was greater for both groups in smoking environments (paraphernalia and party) than those in the neutral environments. Conclusions: These findings provide strong evidence that VR is a useful tool that may be used by social workers and other clinical professionals to present smoking (proximal and contextual) cues for assessment and treatment and illustrate the utility of standardizing VR procedures to compare craving between different groups.
The Impact of Contracts and Competition on Upstream Innovation in a Supply Chain

We consider a supply chain with an upstream supplier who invests in innovation and a downstream manufacturer who sells to consumers. We study the impact of supply chain contracts with endogenous upstream innovation, focusing on three different contract scenarios: (i) a wholesale price contract, (ii) a quality‐dependent wholesale price contract, and (iii) a revenue‐sharing contract. We confirm that the revenue‐sharing contract can coordinate supply chain decisions including the innovation investment, whereas the other two contracts may result in underinvestment in innovation. However, the downstream manufacturer does not always prefer the revenue‐sharing contract; the manufacturer's profit can be higher with a quality‐dependent wholesale price contract than with a revenue‐sharing contract, specifically when the upstream supplier's innovation cost is low. We then extend our model to incorporate upstream competition between suppliers. By inviting upstream competition, with the wholesale price contract, the manufacturer can increase his profit substantially. Furthermore, under upstream competition, the revenue‐sharing contract coordinates the supply chain, and results in an optimal contract form for the manufacturer when suppliers are symmetric. We also analyze the case of complementary components suppliers, and show that most of our results are robust.
Argininosuccinate Synthetase Overexpression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Potentiates Immunostimulant-induced NO Production*

Immunostimulants trigger vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to express both the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) and argininosuccinate synthetase (AS). With constitutively expressed argininosuccinate lyase (AL), AS confers cells with an Arg/Cit cycle that can sustain NO production via continuous regeneration of the NOS substrate, l-arginine (Arg), from the NOS coproduct, l-citrulline (Cit). To assess whether NO synthesis can be rate-limited by Arg recycling, we tested whether AS-overexpressing cells have an enhanced capacity for immununostimulant-induced NO synthesis. Rat VSMC were stably transfected with human AS cDNA in a eukaryotic cell expression vector, driven by a strong viral promoter. AS activity in transfected VSMC exceeded that induced in untransfected cells treated for 24 h with a combination of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ (LPS/IFN). AS activity was predominantly associated with membranes but was also found in cytosol. Recombinant AS was purified from cytosol and possessed a specific activity exceeding that reported for native AS. Western blotting verified the basal expression of AS antigen in membranes from untreated AS-transfected VSMC and from untransfected VSMC after 24 h exposure to LPS/IFN. Epifluorescence histochemistry revealed a punctate distribution of AS antigen in transfected cells, consistent with a predominant membrane localization. Remarkably, on a per cell basis, LPS/IFN-induced NO production was 3–4-fold greater in AS-transfected cells than untransfected VSMC. In untransfected VSMC, maximal NO production during 48 h required millimolar Arg; notably, Cit was needed at ≈3-fold higher concentrations than Arg for a comparable NO synthesis rate. In contrast, AS-transfected VSMC utilized Arg and Cit equi-effectively and at much lower concentrations; 100 μm of either precursor supported a maximal rate of NO synthesis for 48 h. The enhanced ability of AS-transfected cells to produce NO, compared with untransfected cells, could not be ascribed to differences in iNOS protein content or LPS/IFN potency for immunoactivation. We conclude that transfection with AS provides a continuous flux of Arg which drives NO synthesis in immunoactivated VSMC. Arg regeneration by AS is rate-limiting to NO synthesis and apparently provides iNOS with a preferred cellular source of Arg. In accord with the reported “channeling” of substrates by urea cycle enzymes, we hypothesize that the Arg/Cit cycle sequesters a discrete pool of recyclable substrate that sustains high-output NO synthesis.
An Analysis of Synchronous Interaction and its Influence on EFL Writers’ Revisions

This study investigated the effects of synchronous online peer feedback on the revision changes made in the subsequent drafts. The researchers conducted a close analysis of the discourse functions found in the chat scripts of fourteen pairs of students enrolled in an intermediate English composition class at a large university in Korea. After the participants wrote an explanatory essay, they exchanged feedback through synchronous online peer response sessions. Then, based on the feedback, they wrote the subsequent revisions. Various types of discourse functions were identified, and the total number of discourse functions showed diverse pair dynamics. Moreover, total messages were counted in order to find out whether the participants had focused on discussing their essay problems. Findings indicate that most of the participants concentrated on exchanging their thoughts and opinions on the essays. A statistical analysis also showed that significant differences were found in the subsequent revisions. Pedagogical implications and suggestions for the further studies were discussed.
Joint analysis of fiber shape and cortical folding patterns

Quantitative descriptions of white matter (WM) fiber shape and cortical folding patterns are important for neuroscience research. This paper presents a novel computational method for WM fiber shape pattern analysis, that is, WM fibers are clustered into five primitive shape patterns: closed ‘U’, ‘M’, curved line, open ‘U’ and straight line, based on the automatic clustering of their shape features. We study the correlation between the fiber shape patterns and the folding patterns of cortical regions that the fibers connect, and find that these patterns are highly correlated. Also, we investigate the shape patterns of the WM fibers that connect different brain regions such as cortical lobes and subcortical regions, and find that the shape patterns of the fibers connecting different brain regions are quite specific. These results might provide insights into the structural and functional architecture of the human brain.
Design of a high sensitive non-faradaic impedimetric sensor

An electrochemical approach towards identifying antigen - antibody binding interactions is studied by using a non-faradaic impedimetric sensor fabricated on a printed circuit board (PCB) chip. An electrical methodology for detecting protein interactions at ultra-low concentrations (in the femtogram/mL) regime has been demonstrated. Nanoporous alumina with pore diameter of 200nm and pore depth of 250 nm was used as the signal amplifying medium. Cardiac biomarker, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was used as the study marker in characterizing the sensor's sensitivity. A sensitivity of 10 femtogram/mL was determined based on the impedimetric signal response. Sensitivity was determined through Nyquist plot analysis for the non-faradaic interactions of the protein biomolecules. This paper is the first demonstration of clinically relevant limit of detection with the BNP biomarker.
Phase Behavior of Rod‐Like Viruses and Virus–Sphere Mixtures

An overview is given of the experimental work on the liquid crystalline phase behavior of semi-flexible viruses in an aqueous solution. We start by briefly summarizing the theoretical work of Onsager which describes the isotropicnematic phase transitions of perfectly rigid rods. Extensions of the Onsager theory to the case of semi-flexible and charged rods are presented. In the first part of the review we focus on the phase behavior of a pure solution of semiflexible virus fd. With increasing concentration fd form isotropic, cholesteric and smectic phase. In the limit of high ionic strength the agreement between the Onsager theory and experiments on the isotropic-nematic phase of fd virus is quantitative. The discrepancies at low ionic strength strongly hint at a need to rigorously incorporate electrostatic interactions into phase behavior of rigid rods. In the second part of the review we focus on the phase behavior of mixtures of rods with either hard spheres or flexible polymers. Amongst others we described a number of novel phases observed in these mixtures such as a lamellar phase, columnar phase, colloidal membranes and surface induced smectic phase. These structures are still very poorly understood and there is a clear need for the theoretical work explaining their stability.
Child Mortality and Socioeconomic Status: An Examination of Differentials by Migration Status in South Africa 1

This study examines child mortality and socioeconomic status among migrants and nonmigrants. It also examines child mortality by migration status in all quintiles of socioeconomic status, comparing immigrants to the native-born and internal migrants to nonmigrants. The results show that among migrants, child mortality decreased faster as socioeconomic status increased than among nonmigrants. The results also show a crossover in the likelihood of child mortality by immigration status as socioeconomic status increased. In the poorest socioeconomic quintiles immigrants had a greater likelihood of child mortality than the native-born while in the wealthiest quintiles child mortality was greater among the native-born.
Predicting user participation in social networking sites

Social networking sites provide a convenient way for users to participate in discussion groups and communicate with others. While users situate in and enjoy such a social environment, it is important for various security related applications to understand, model and analyze participating users' behavior. In this paper, we make an attempt to model and predict user participation behavior in discussion groups of social networking sites. Our work employs a feature-based approach, which considers four types of features: thread features, content similarity, user behavior and social features. We conduct an empirical study on a popular social networking site in China, Douban.com. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach.
An efficient cooperation of on-demand and proactive modes in Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol

Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) in IEEE 802.11s provides two routing modes, on-demand and proactive, for WLAN mesh networks. Although the on-demand routing mode always provides the optimum routing paths for data transmission, the initial latency can be very high when communicating with a destination in an external network. On the other hand, the proactive routing mode shows low initial latency when communicating with a destination in an external network, but the data transmission throughput can decrease when communicating with a destination in the same mesh network. This paper proposes an efficient cooperation method of two routing modes, taking advantage of the merits of each routing mode to overcome their faults. To evaluate the performance of the proposed cooperation method, we implemented HWMP on a testbed and performed experiments. The experimental results showed that the proposed cooperation method overcomes the faults of each routing mode and searches for the optimum routing paths quickly and efficiently; it always has the lower initial latency and higher data transmission throughput compared with the on-demand and proactive routing modes.
Predatory Stress as an Experimental Strategy to Measure Fear and Anxiety-related Behaviors in Non-human Primates

Natural defense-inducing stimuli are being increasingly exploited as a means to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying normal and pathological anxiety, as well as for the screening of new compounds with potential therapeutic use in human anxiety disorders. Such an approach, frequently used in rodents, has recently been employed in the Marmoset Predator Confrontation Test (MPCT). In this method, marmoset monkeys are individually confronted with a taxidermized predator (wild oncilla cat) in a previously habituated maze environment, while several easily discernable fear/anxiety-related behaviors are measured. Confrontation with the cat stimulus significantly altered ongoing behaviors, each habituating distinctively during repeated exposures; e.g. complete rapid habituation (alarm call), complete slow habituation (exploration, vigilance) or only partial habituation (proximity avoidance). Pharmacological validating studies with diazepam and buspirone induced a significant dose-dependent reversal of the fear-induced proximic avoidance and scratching/scent-marking behaviors, while exploration (smell/lick the maze, leg stand) was found to increase. The neuropeptide substance P and the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY100635 resulted in a similar anxiolytic-like profile. The response pattern observed was not influenced by social isolation, handling/manual restraint, novel environment exposure or habituation to the stimulus or its location. Persistent defensive behavior and response pattern to diazepam was observed when naive versus MPCT-experienced marmosets were tested following a recent predatory stress. Taken together, the results indicate that the MPCT is a valuable experimental procedure to measure fear and anxiety-related behaviors in nonhuman primates.
Towards a visual programming environment generator for algebraic specifications

In the visual languages community there has been a growing consensus that visual languages will be most successful in the case of special purpose languages. Furthermore, their success will largely depend on the programming environment which is provided for them. Programming environment generators, generate programming environments for formally specified languages. We discuss specification of visual languages and the generation of visual environments. We focus on a picture definition language, VODL, which serves as the basis for defining the syntax of visual languages. We present the language definition and an example showing how VODL is used in defining language syntax and thereafter generating visual editors. Finally, we discuss how to extend this approach in creating a visual specification formalism and a supporting environment for specifying the syntax and semantics of visual languages.
Sentiment lexicons for health-related opinion mining

Opinion mining consists in extracting from a text opinions expressed by its author and their polarity. Lexical resources, such as polarized lexicons, are needed for this task. Opinion mining in the medical domain has not been well explored, partly because little credence is given to patients and their opinions (although more and more of them are using social media). We are interested in opinion mining of user-generated content on drugs/medication. We present in this paper the creation of our lexical resources and their adaptation to the medical domain. We first describe the creation of a general lexicon, containing opinion words from the general domain and their polarity. Then we present the creation of a medical opinion lexicon, based on a corpus of drug reviews. We show that some words have a different polarity in the general domain and in the medical one. Some words considered generally as neutral are opinionated in medical texts. We finally evaluate the lexicons and show with a simple algorithm that using our general lexicon gives better results than other well-known ones on our corpus and that adding the domain lexicon improves them as well.
Frequency domain blind MIMO system identification based on second and higher order statistics

We present a novel frequency-domain framework for the identification of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system driven by white, mutually independent, unobservable inputs. The system frequency response is obtained based on singular value decomposition (SVD) of a matrix constructed based on the power-spectrum and slices of polyspectra of the system output. By appropriately selecting the polyspectra slices, we can create a set of such matrices, each of which could independently yield the solution, of they could all be combined in a joint diagonalization scheme to yield a solution with improved statistical performance. The freedom to select the polyspectra slices allows us to bypass the frequency-dependent permutation ambiguity that is usually associated with frequency domain SVD, while at the same time allows us compute and cancel the phase ambiguity. An asymptotic consistency analysis of the system magnitude response estimate is performed.