Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Early Childhood Mathematics Education Revolution

Research Findings: We are in the midst of a revolution. Prior to the onset of the 21st century, mathematics education in the United States was deemphasized (Geary, 1996), and mathematics as an instructional subject has traditionally been considered above the preschool and kindergarten levels. However, the old regime—the knowledge and philosophies that governed mathematics and early childhood education theory in the last century—has been overthrown. Today, developmental psychologists have begun to map out the specific pathways of mathematical knowledge development from birth to age 8. We now know that prior to elementary school, young children engage in surprisingly complex intuitive mathematical thinking in the areas of number, geometry, measurement, algebraic thinking, and data analysis (for reviews, see T. C. Cross, T. A. Woods, & H. Schweingruber, 2009; J. Sarama & D. H. Clements, 2009). With increased recognition of the importance of early mathematics for later academic success, early childhood mathematics education is now a national priority. Practice or Policy: This article discusses the history, research, and political impetus for the shift in paradigm; the current status of the early childhood mathematics education movement; and the implications for young children and teachers in the United States.
A Secure and Verifiable Multi Secret Sharing Scheme for Encrypting Two Secret Images into Two Shares

Data, information and image security is very important in now days. Data and image encryption is a method for preventing misuse of attackers. Because encryption and decryption is important to securely protect data. Visual cryptography is a technique which is beneficial for defense and security. In the old technique; two secret images convert into halftone image and transmit these images using two shares and stacking these two shares revel the secret images. One drawback of this scheme is can’t verify the shares are original or fake. In this paper use the verifiable secret sharing using steganography technique to verify the shares. Proposed scheme can verify the share using steganography and then use XOR visual cryptography for share generation, by using this scheme preventing the misuse of adversaries.
A biophysical model of atrial fibrillation to simulate the Maze III ablation pattern

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. The Maze III ablation pattern consists of creating lines of conduction block in both atria to prevent multiple wavelets. In this work we simulated the Maze III pattern in a tridimensional (3D) model of human remodeling atria and evaluated its efficacy for termination of an AF episode. To carry out the study, an episode of AF was generated by ectopic activity in the left pulmonary veins. Unipolar pseudo-electrograms were computed. When we applied the Maze III ablation pattern, the AF was finished after 200 ms. The developed model can be implemented to improve ablation patterns in order to find an ideal pattern to allow ending the arrhythmia with the least number of lines of ablation.
OWL: a reliable online watcher for LTE control channel measurements

Reliable network measurements are a fundamental component of networking research as they enable network analysis, system debugging, performance evaluation and optimization. In particular, decoding the LTE control channel would give access to the full base station traffic at a 1 ms granularity, thus allowing for traffic profiling and accurate measurements. Although a few open-source implementations of LTE are available, they do not provide tools to reliably decoding the LTE control channel and, thus, accessing the scheduling information. In this paper, we present OWL, an Online Watcher for LTE that is able to decode all the resource blocks in more than 99% of the system frames, significantly outperforming existing non-commercial prior decoders. Compared to previous attempts, OWL grounds the decoding procedure on information obtained from the LTE random access mechanism. This makes it possible to run our software on inexpensive hardware coupled with almost any software defined radio capable of sampling the LTE signal with sufficient accuracy.
Surgical treatment of an intracranial epidermoid cyst in a dog.

OBJECTIVE To report challenges and complications associated with surgical intracranial epidermoid cyst removal from the fourth ventricle of a dog. STUDY DESIGN Clinical report. ANIMAL Labrador retriever (7 years old) with focal seizures. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an oval lesion in the fourth ventricle. This lesion was heterogeneously hyperintense on T2-weighted and fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) images and hypointense on T1-weighted images. Dilatation of the ventricular system was present. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) was placed and the fourth ventricle was approached by suboccipital craniectomy. An oval, white mass was identified in the fourth ventricle. Subtotal removal of the mass was performed. RESULTS On the day after surgery, neurologic deterioration was observed. The dog had severe cerebellar and brainstem dysfunction. Histopathologic examination of the removed tissue revealed an epidermoid cyst. The dog experienced gradual neurologic improvement; however, neurologic deterioration beginning at 6 months resulted in euthanasia 8 months after surgery. On necropsy, epidermoid cyst tissue was identified in the fourth ventricle. CONCLUSION Surgical removal of an intracranial epidermoid cyst may be complicated by adhesions between the cyst capsule and surrounding neurovascular structures, causing postoperative morbidity and eventual recurrence of clinical signs. These observations should be taken into account when considering surgical removal of an intracranial epidermoid cyst.
Characterization of cardiac- and respiratory-driven cerebrospinal fluid motions using correlation mapping with asynchronous 2-dimensional phase contrast technique

To investigate spatial distribution properties of the cardiac- and respiratory-driven cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) motions in the intracranial space, correlation mapping technique was conducted. Time series of CSF velocity were acquired in 7 healthy subjects of 26±5 years old under by asynchronous 2-dimensional phase contrast (2D-PC) method with 217-msec temporal resolution. The delay time and maximum correlation maps of the cardiac- and respiratory-driven CSF motions demonstrated clear differences in the propagation properties. When the reference region was set at anterior spinal subarachnoid space, the maximum correlation coefficients in the case of 6-sec respiratory period were 0.91±0.05 for cardiac-driven and 0.78±0.08 for respiratory-driven. They were 0.90±0.06 and 0.81±0.06 in the case of 10-sec period. The cardiac- and respiratory CSF motions differently distributed in intracranial space.
Transpeople, Hormones, and Health Risks in Southeast Asia: A Lao Study

ABSTRACT Cross-sex hormones, while often effective in producing some of the bodily changes desired by transpeople, may also involve harmful side-effect risks, especially when used against contraindications and precautions, and in the wrong dosages. Same-sex hormones blockers (interrupting the person's own sex hormone production) may also have potential side effects. Yet there is evidence from Southeast Asia that transpeople commonly use hormones of both types without any medical supervision, often unaware of the risks at which they put themselves. This report, employing a sample of Lao transwomen, examines the degree to which participants using hormones seek out medical advice regarding their use, as well as examining participants’ knowledge and experience of hormone effects and side effects. The results suggest that as few as one in eight of those using hormones consulted medical professionals about doing so, instead most often relying on friends for advice. Though all who took hormones were aware of the positive effects they were having on their bodies, only half knew of any possible side effects, with only one in ten able to list any of the more serious (potentially life-threatening) effects. Around a half who took hormones had stopped doing so within six years of first taking them, nine out of ten citing unwanted or unhealthy side effects. The implications for transgender health care are discussed.
Ensuring the integrity and interoperability of educational usage and social data through Caliper framework to support competency-assessment

The acquisition of knowledge is no longer enough to succeed in a society characterized by a constant change and high levels of uncertainty. Accordingly, universities have increasingly emphasized skills and competencies as central elements of students' development. However, the assessment of these competencies is not an easy task. The availability of data that learners generate in educational application offer great potential to study how learning takes place, and thus, to gather evidences for competency-assessment. The lack of interoperability and the decentralization of those educational applications poses a challenge to exploit those trace data. To face these problems we have designed and developed SCALA (Scalable Competence Assessment through a Learning Analytics approach), an analytics system that integrates usage (how the user interacts with resources and platforms) and social (how students and teachers interact among them) trace data to support competency assessment. In this paper, we are going to focus in how we have Extracted, Transformed and Loaded (ETL) those heterogeneous data sources in a single data model following the Caliper framework for ensuring the integrity and interoperability. Finally, we show some initial results of the graphs and learning analytics techniques to support the competency-based assessment.
Increasing Access to College: Extending Possibilities for All Students (review)

though this is an excellent meta-analysis of an enormous body of literature, I had a few issues for readers to consider. The main issue for readers to consider is Birnbaum’s conclusion. Part III reviews a host of costs related to management fads such as loss of employee commitment and oversimplification of problems. A few positive residuals are noted such as recognizing the importance of data or emphasizing alternative values. Birnbaum describes three negative trends that fads have contributed to: weakening colleges as institutions by focusing on instrumentality and managerialism; impairing academic management by focusing too much on rational processes that are usually not successful alone; and eroding the higher education narrative from being a vocation or calling and ideal of liberating education to a narrative of customers, economic goals, and cost-effective management. After reviewing the dire costs/consequences of management fads, the author reaches the conclusion that we must develop ways to constructively engage fads. I reached a very different conclusion: that management fads are more harm than help. Birnbaum had a great line buried in one of the last paragraphs of the book that summarizes the conclusion I reached: “higher education does not need more good management techniques; it needs more good managers” (p. 239). Although Birnbaum believes that each management fad represents a good idea, the book does not provide sufficient evidence for this assumption to convince the reader that there are reasons to engage fads. I wish Birnbaum had considered how various fads are reflections of power within society and organizations. Are fads merely a way that powerful people try to control and dominate the operations of particular organizations to suit their interests? At one point, he does refer to critics of TQM who suggest that it was a reflection of a conservative ideology. I would enjoy an analysis of these same fads through a more critical lens. Finally, there are some problematic assertions, some larger than others. For example, Birnbaum dismisses the notion that implementation of the fads is to blame for their failure. He sees this argument as being made by apologists for fads that have not worked. But failed implementation is a reasonable concern since change and innovations face serious barriers. He also suggests that fads did not work because of the nature of higher education institutions, but they did not work in business or government either. He does not explain why these other environments also proved inhospitable, so his assertion is not as convincing as it could have been. Still, this important book is full of insights. I recommend it to policymakers and academic managers as they consider advocating particular management approaches and to higher education students and researchers to better understand higher education organizations and management.
Comparing Alternatives to Measure the Impact of DDoS Attack Announcements on Target Stock Prices

The attack intensity of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks is increasing every year. Botnets based on internet of things (IOT) devices are now being used to conduct DDoS attacks. The estimation of direct and indirect economic damages caused by these attacks is a complex problem. One of the indirect damage of a DDoS attack can be on the market value of the victim firm. In this article we analyze the impact of 45 different DDoS attack announcements on victim's stock prices. We find that previous studies have a mixed conclusion on the impact of DDoS attack announcements on the victim's stock price. Hence, in this article we evaluate this impact using three different approaches and compare the results. In the first approach, we use the assume the cumulative abnormal returns to be normally distributed and test the hypothesis that a DDoS attack announcement has no impact on the victim's stock price. In the latter two methods, we do not assume a distribution and use the empirical distribution of cumulative abnormal returns to test the hypothesis. We find that the assumption of cumulative abnormal returns being normally distributed leads to overestimation/underestimation of the impact. Finally, we analyze the impact of DDoS attack announcement on victim's stock price in each of the 45 cases and present our results.
Vital Signs: Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Children — United States, 2003–2010

Background Eating more fruits and vegetables adds underconsumed nutrients to diets, reduces the risks for leading causes of illness and death, and helps manage body weight. This report describes trends in the contributions of fruits and vegetables to the diets of children aged 2–18 years. Methods CDC analyzed 1 day of 24-hour dietary recalls from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2003 to 2010 to estimate trends in children’s fruit and vegetable intake in cup-equivalents per 1,000 calories (CEPC) and trends by sex, age, race/ethnicity, family income to poverty ratio, and obesity status. Total fruit includes whole fruit (all fruit excluding juice) and fruit juice (from 100% juice, foods, and other beverages). Total vegetables include those encouraged in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 (i.e., dark green, orange, and red vegetables and legumes), white potatoes, and all other vegetables. Results Total fruit intake among children increased from 0.55 CEPC in 2003–2004 to 0.62 in 2009–2010 because of significant increases in whole fruit intake (0.24 to 0.40 CEPC). Over this period, fruit juice intake significantly decreased (0.31 to 0.22 CEPC). Total vegetable intake did not change (0.54 to 0.53 CEPC). No socio-demographic group met the Healthy People 2020 target of 1.1 CEPC vegetables, and only children aged 2–5 years met the target of 0.9 CEPC fruits. Conclusions Children’s total fruit intake increased because of increases in whole fruit consumption, but total vegetable intake remained unchanged. Implications for Public Health Practice Increased attention to the policies and food environments in multiple settings, including schools, early care and education, and homes might help continue the progress in fruit intake and improve vegetable intake.
Lymphedema, cardiac septal defects, and characteristic facies: Possible new case of Irons–Bianchi syndrome

We describe a Dutch girl with fetal hydrops, congenital lymphedema of the lower legs, complex congenital cardiac malformation, and a typical face with epicanthal folds. This particular combination of symptoms has been previously described by Irons and Bianchi in 1996. Our report confirms their observation and suggests that this particular constellation of symptoms may constitute a new syndrome. Molecular analysis confirms this statement by demonstrating absence of mutations in several genes known to be involved in syndromes with lymphedema. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Orwellian Language and the Politics of Tribal Termination (1953–1960)

From 1953 to 1960, the federal government terminated sovereign recognition for 109 American Indian nations. Termination was a haphazard policy of assimilation that had disastrous consequences for Indian land and culture. Nonetheless, termination cloaked latent motivations for Indian land within individual rights rhetoric that was at odds with Indian sovereignty. Termination highlights the rhetorical features of social control under capitalism portrayed in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), in which opposing principles are fused and inverted. This essay critiques termination's Orwellian language to show how ideographs of social liberation are refashioned by the state to subvert Indian sovereignty and popular dissent.
A Systemic Examination of Grandparents' Emotional Closeness With Their Custodial Grandchildren

In this article, we present the results of a qualitative analysis of grandparents' emotional closeness with their custodial grandchildren. Using attachment and systems theories as guides, in this study, we examined individual, relational, and contextual factors related to grandparents' perceptions of the emotional closeness of the grandparent–grandchild relationship. A total of 41 grandparents raising grandchildren participated in semistructured qualitative interviews. Findings indicated that disruptions in grandparents' emotional closeness to their grandchildren were related primarily to grandparents' perceptions that their grandchildren were experiencing emotional and behavioral problems. However, contextual factors such as financial limitations and the generation gap were also influential. Nonetheless, grandparents still reported close emotional bonds with their grandchildren that included sharing, demonstrations of affection, and mutual support. We discuss applications for future research.
On the relation between psychosocial work environment and musculoskeletal symptoms : A structural equation modeling approach

The institute’s prime objective and mission is to contribute actively to a working life that offers good conditions and development opportunities for women and men. We work to promote a healthy working environment that is adapted to people’s different physical and mental needs and capacity. This we do in collaboration with the social partners and professionals who are actively involved in issues concerning working life.
Multiuser transmit precoding based on outdated interference alignment

Downlink closed loop transmission schemes for multi user MIMO systems are usually sensitive to delays in the feedback of channel state information (CSI). We present a novel and simple transmit precoding scheme which exploits the delayed interference state information (INTSI) and the concept of interference alignment (IA). We design the precoding such that the inter-cell interference subspace from the previous transmission is aligned at the desired receiver with the intra-cell interference subspace of the current transmission. Although the alignment is not perfect for the current transmission, we show that with the help of proper receiver design, one can minimize the leakage interference caused by outdated information and still achieve good performance. We evaluate our scheme with the help of extensive system level simulations and provide a comparison with state of the art MU-MIMO transmit precoding schemes in terms of mean user rates. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme provides considerable gains over the other transmission schemes.
Reduced discomfort during high-definition transcutaneous stimulation using 6% benzocaine

Background: High-Definition transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS) allows for non-invasive neuromodulation using an array of compact (approximately 1 cm2 contact area) “High-Definition” (HD) electrodes, as compared to conventional tDCS (which uses two large pads that are approximately 35 cm2). In a previous transcutaneous study, we developed and validated designs for HD electrodes that reduce discomfort over >20 min session with 2 mA electrode current. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a chemical pretreatment with 6% benzocaine (topical numbing agent) to further reduce subjective discomfort during transcutaneous stimulation and to allow for better sham controlled studies. Methods: Pre-treatment with 6% benzocaine was compared with control (no pretreatment) for 22 min 2 mA of stimulation, with either CCNY-4 or Lectron II electroconductive gel, for both cathodal and anodal transcutaneous (forearm) stimulation (eight different combinations). Results: Results show that for all conditions and polarities tested, stimulation with HD electrodes is safe and well tolerated and that pretreatment further reduced subjective discomfort. Conclusion: Pretreatment with a mild analgesic reduces discomfort during HD-tDCS.
2 Does the improved modularity yield Real Benefits when engineering and Evolving Software ?

Metrics are an important technique in quantifying desirable software and software development characteristics of aspect oriented software development (AOSD). We give an overview on the necessary steps to validate definitions and applications of metrics. We also compare definitions for proposed metrics.In this paper, we emphasis that the OO software development quality metrics were significantly associated with aspect oriented software development and aspect oriented programming (AOP).
Novel Roles of the Picornaviral 3D Polymerase in Viral Pathogenesis

The RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase, 3Dpol, is an essential component in the picornavirus genome for the replication of single stranded RNA. However, transgenic expression of 3Dpol in mice has antiviral effects. Here, we discuss the structure and function of 3Dpol during picornavirus replication, we review the evidence and consequence of a host immune response to epitopes in 3Dpol after picornavirus infection, highlight data showing the antiviral effects of transgenic 3Dpol from Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), and discuss potential mechanisms by which 3Dpol is causing this antiviral effect in mice.
An alert correlation approach based on security operator's knowledge and preferences

One of the major problems of intrusion detection concerns the large amount of alerts that intrusion detection systems (IDS) produce. Security operator who analyzes alerts and takes decisions, is often submerged by the high number of alerts to analyze. In this paper, we present a new alert correlation approach based on knowledge and preferences of security operators. This approach, which is complementary to existing ones, allows to rank-order produced alerts on the basis of a security operator knowledge about the system, used IDS and his preferences about alerts that he wants to analyze or to ignore. Our approach is based on the development of a new non-classical logic for representing preferences, called FO-MQCL (First Order - Minimal Qualitative Choice Logic). Our logic extends a fragment of the first order logic by adding a new logical connective. The general idea is to present only alerts that fully fit security operator's preferences and knowledge. And if needed, less preferred alerts can also be presented.