Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘Leaves and Eats Shoots’: Direct Terrestrial Feeding Can Supplement Invasive Red Swamp Crayfish in Times of Need

We used stable isotope analyses to characterise the feeding dynamics of a population of red swamp crayfish in Lake Naivasha, Kenya, after the crash of submerged macrophytes and associated macroinvertebrates, and during a natural draw-down of the lake water level. We expected a heavy reliance upon a diet of detrital matter to sustain the population as a consequence, and indeed, for the majority of the crayfish population caught from the lake, we saw a concomitant shift in isotopic values reflecting a dietary change. However, we also caught individual crayfish that had occupied the footprints of hippopotamus and effectively extended their range beyond the lake up to 40 m into the riparian zone. Isotopic analysis confirmed limited nocturnal observations that these individuals were consuming living terrestrial plants in the vicinity of the footprints. These are the first empirical data to demonstrate direct use of terrestrial resources by an aquatic crayfish species and further highlight the traits that make red swamp crayfish such opportunistic and successful invaders.
Using phenomenology to improve information literacy curricular planning and design

This study took the form of a phenomenological qualitative study of the impressions of faculty experts in adult learning and knowledge management respectively of a conceptual framework for information literacy instructional (IL) design in Master of Business Administration (MBA) programs devised by the researcher. It sought to answer the research question: When devising frameworks to assist with information literacy curricular design, can getting input from faculty in related relevant fields outside of Library and Information Science (LIS) be of assistance in making them more robust? The perspectives of knowledge management and adult learning were examined because they were the two areas outside of the LIS field found to be relevant for their pertinence to the MBA curriculum in creating the conceptual framework. The individuals identified were also selected for their accessibility to the researcher as a means to test her hypothesis about receiving input from relevant non-LIS experts. Following the guidelines of Moustakis (1994) data was collected in the form of semi-structured interviews to gather respondents’ impressions and perceptions given their expertise. The data collected sought to explicate phenomena surrounding the research question proposed to gauge the usefulness of taking a broader view when conceiving IL instructional design. This research seeks to build on previous research (Boon, Johnston & Webber, 2007) by highlighting the usefulness of employing phenomenological methods in receiving input from faculty on information literacy instruction. It also tested out a new way of conducting this sort of research through reviewing experts’ reactions to a conceptual framework used as a prop to more deeply explore the phenomena of information literacy.
User behaviour based phishing websites detection

Phishing detection systems are principally based on the analysis of data moving from phishers to victims. In this paper we describe a novel approach to detect phishing websites based on analysis of userspsila online behaviours - i.e., the websites users have visited, and the data users have submitted to those websites. Such user behaviours can not be manipulated freely by attackers; detection based on those data can not only achieve high accuracy, but also is fundamentally resilient against changing deception methods.
Elastic Stream Computing with Clouds

Stream computing, also known as data stream processing, has emerged as a new processing paradigm that processes incoming data streams from tremendous numbers of sensors in a real-time fashion. Data stream applications must have low latency even when the incoming data rate fluctuates wildly. This is almost impossible with a local stream computing environment because its computational resources are finite. To address this kind of problem, we have devised a method and an architecture that transfers data stream processing to a Cloud environment as required in response to the changes of the data rate in the input data stream. Since a trade-off exists between application's latency and the economic costs when using the Cloud environment, we treat it as an optimization problem that minimizes the economic cost of using the Cloud. We implemented a prototype system using Amazon EC2 and an IBM System S stream computing system to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach. Our experimental results show that our approach reduces the costs by 80% while keeping the application's response latency low.
Inverse counting statistics for stochastic and open quantum systems: the characteristic polynomial approach

We consider stochastic and open quantum systems with a finite number of states, where a stochastic transition between two specific states is monitored by a detector. The long-time counting statistics of the observed realizations of the transition, parametrized by cumulants, is the only available information about the system. We present an analytical method for reconstructing generators of the time evolution of the system compatible with the observations. The practicality of the reconstruction method is demonstrated by the examples of a laser-driven atom and the kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Moreover, we propose cumulant-based criteria for testing the non-classicality and non-Markovianity of the time evolution, and lower bounds for the system dimension. Our analytical results rely on the close connection between the cumulants of the counting statistics and the characteristic polynomial of the generator, which takes the role of a cumulant generating function.
Optimum Contracts for Research Personnel, Research Employment, and the Establishment of "Rival" Enterprises

This paper considers the problem of hiring scientists for research and development projects when one takes explicit account of the fact that the scientist may be able to use the information acquired during the project in a rival enterprise. Management's problem is to determine an optimum labor policy for its project. The policy consists of an employment decision and a labor contract. Given optimum behavior, it is straightforward to analyze the effect of the potential for mobility of scientific personnel on project profitability and on research employment. We also formalize conditions under which one would expect to observe a scientist leaving his employer to set up or join a rival.
Dynamic properties of mammalian skeletal muscles.

Introduction. 129 Fiber Types. 130 Historical introduction. 130 Classification and terminology. 131 Contractile properties of different types of fiber. 134 Mechanical Properties. 138 Introduction . 138 Series-elastic component. 138 Length : tension relation of contractile material. 140 Force: velocity properties of contractile component. 145 Behavior of series-elastic and contractile components in isotonic and isometric contractions . 147 Active state, time course of isometric twitch, and posttetanic potentiation . 149 Ontogenetic Differentiation of Fast and Slow Muscles. 161 Growth . 161 Dynamic properties. 163 Other developmental changes. 166 Kelation Between Size and Speed of Contraction . 166 Speed of contraction of homologous muscles of different species. 166 Speed of contraction of different muscles of same animal. 169 Neural Control of Dynamic Properties. 170 Introductiorl . 170 Dynamic properties of normal and cross-innervated muscles . 172 Effects of nerve cross-union on properties of myosin. 175 Neural influences on noncontractile structures in muscle cells . 176 Correlations Between Dynamic and Chemical Properties of Contractile Material. 177 Introduction . 177 Structure of myosin. 177 Relation between ATPase activity of myosin and intrinsic speed of shortening . 181 Functional differences between fast and slow muscles. 182 Review of Some Major Problems . 183
Explaining Variance Rethinking Social Causation

Political scientists typically conceive of causation purely in “mean-centric” terms: the statement “X causes Y ” is taken to imply that, all else being equal, an increase in the value of X changes the mean of the distribution of Y . This article challenges that point of view. Many independent variables of interest to students of politics cause a change in the variance, not the mean, of the distribution of the dependent variable. This form of causation is alien to methodology textbooks and greatly underappreciated in empirical work. Thinking about the causes of changing variance opens up a theoretical dimension that has heretofore been neglected in the study of politics; understanding the causes of changing variance can provide a more fine-grained empirical description of the political world.
Role Prediction Using Electronic Medical Record System Audits

Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) provide convenient access to patient data for parties who should have it, but, unless managed properly, may also provide it to those who should not. Distinguishing the two is a core security challenge for EMRs. Strategies proposed to address these problems include Role Based Access Control (RBAC), which assigns collections of privileges called roles to users, and Experience Based Access Management (EBAM), which analyzes audit logs to determine access rights. In this paper, we integrate RBAC and EBAM through an algorithm, called Roll-Up, to manage roles effectively. In doing so, we introduce the concept of "role prediction" to identify roles from audit data. We apply the algorithm to three months of logs from Northwestern Memorial Hospital's Cerner system with approximately 8000 users and 140 roles. We demonstrate that existing roles can be predicted with 50% accuracy and intelligent grouping of roles through Roll-Up can facilitate 65% accuracy.
The fully informed particle swarm: simpler, maybe better

The canonical particle swarm algorithm is a new approach to optimization, drawing inspiration from group behavior and the establishment of social norms. It is gaining popularity, especially because of the speed of convergence and the fact that it is easy to use. However, we feel that each individual is not simply influenced by the best performer among his neighbors. We, thus, decided to make the individuals "fully informed. " The results are very promising, as informed individuals seem to find better solutions in all the benchmark functions.
Parallel Treebanks in Phrase-Based Statistical MachineTranslation

Given much recent discussion and the shift in focus of the field, it is becoming apparent that the incorporation of syntax is the way forward for the current state-of-the-art in machine translation (MT). Parallel treebanks are a relatively recent innovation and appear to be ideal candidates for MT training material. However, until recently there has been no other means to build them than by hand. In this paper, we describe how we make use of new tools to automatically build a large parallel treebank and extract a set of linguistically motivated phrase pairs from it. We show that adding these phrase pairs to the translation model of a baseline phrase-based statistical MT (PBSMT) system leads to significant improvements in translation quality. We describe further experiments on incorporating parallel treebank information into PBSMT, such as word alignments. We investigate the conditions under which the incorporation of parallel treebank data performs optimally. Finally, we discuss the potential of parallel treebanks in other paradigms of MT.
Software enabled wear-leveling for hybrid PCM main memory on embedded systems

Phase Change Memory (PCM) is a promising DRAM replacement in embedded systems due to its attractive characteristics. However, relatively low endurance has limited its practical applications. In this paper, in additional to existing hardware level optimizations, we propose software enabled wear-leveling techniques to further extend PCM's lifetime when it is adopted in embedded systems. A polynomial-time algorithm, the Software Wear-Leveling (SWL) algorithm, is proposed in this paper to achieve wear-leveling without hardware overhead. According to the experimental results, the proposed technique can reduce the number of writes on the most-written bits by more than 80% when compared with a greedy algorithm, and by around 60% when compared with the existing Optimal Data Allocation (ODA) algorithm with under 6% memory access overhead.
Ontologically Enhanced RosettaNet B2B Integration

RosettaNet is an industry-driven e-business process standard that defines common inter-company public processes and their associated business documents. RosettaNet is based on the Service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm and all business documents are expressed in DTD or XML Schema. Our “ontologically-enhanced RosettaNet” effort translates RosettaNet business documents into a Web ontology language, allowing business reasoning based on RosettaNet message exchanges. This chapter describes our extension to RosettaNet and shows how it can be used in business integrations for better interoperability. The usage of a Web ontology language in RosettaNet collaborations can help accommodate partner heterogeneity in the setup phase and can ease the back-end integration, enabling for example more competition in the purchasing processes. It provides also a building block to adopt a semantic SOA with richer discovery, selection and composition capabilities.
Fuzzy p-mode prototypes: A generalization of frequency-based cluster prototypes for clustering categorical objects

Frequency-based cluster prototypes were developed in [4,7,11] to cluster categorical objects, based on the simple matching dissimilarity measure. This paper describes a generalization of the frequency-based prototypes in the same framework of the Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm for the objects of mixed features. In the general Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm, a cluster prototype, called fuzzy p-mode prototype, at the categorical feature level is expressed as a list of p labels that have larger frequencies than others. The convergence of the general Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm under the optimization framework is proved. It is also explained through experiments over real object sets that sizes of fuzzy p-mode prototypes and fuzzification coefficients affect clustering performance.
Suppression of giant planet formation in stellar clusters

Photoevaporation driven by the ultraviolet radiation from massive stars severely limits the lifetime of protoplanetary discs around stars formed within stellar clusters. I investigate the resulting influence of clustered environments on the probability of giant planet formation, and show that for clusters as rich, or richer than, Orion, the time available for planet formation is likely to be limited to the length of any delay between low mass and high mass star formation. Under popular models for the formation of massive planets, the fraction of stars with giant planets in rich clusters is expected to be substantially suppressed as compared to less clustered star formation environments.
Machining Performance of Sputter-Deposited ( Al 0

(Al0.34Cr0.22Nb0.11Si0.11Ti0.22)50N50 high-entropy nitride coatings prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering have been proved to have high hardness and superior oxidation resistance. Their thermal stability, adhesion strength, and cutting performance were investigated in this study. Hardness of the coating is 36 GPa, which only decreases slightly to 33 GPa after 900 °C annealing either in air or in vacuum for 2 h. No significant change in phase and microstructure were detected after annealing at 1000 °C. Rockwell C indentation and scratch tests shows that Ti interlayer provides a good adhesion between the nitride film and WC/Co substrates. In various milling tests, inserts coated with (Al0.34Cr0.22Nb0.11Si0.11Ti0.22)50N50 have evidently smaller flank wear depth than commercial inserts coated with TiN and TiAlN, even with their smaller thickness. Therefore, the (Al0.34Cr0.22Nb0.11Si0.11Ti0.22)50N50 coating has great potential in hard coating applications.
Friedman's Theoretical Framework

Milton Friedman's contention that the crucial theoretical difference between Keynesians and monetarists is that Keynesians assume rigid prices is shown to be factually and logically wrong. Distinctively monetarist propositions and prescriptions depend not on price flexibility but on the assumed insensitivity of monetary velocity to interest rates. To avoid this assumption, Friedman's second "monetary theory of nominal income" takes interest rates as exogenous in the short run; but the model has strange inconsistencies and implications. Finally, Friedman's longrun quantity theory propositions are shown to apply only to economies where money is the sole exogenous nominal magnitude.
On the physics of cold MHD winds from oblique rotators

I show that the self-consistent solution of the prob- lem of MHD plasma flow in the magnetosphere of an oblique rotator with an initially split-monopole magnetic field is reduced to the solution of a similar problem for the axisymmetric rotator. All properties of the MHD cold plasma flows from the axisym- metric rotators with the initial split-monopole magnetic field are valid for the oblique rotators as well. Rotational losses of the oblique rotator do not depend on the inclination angle and there is no temporal evolution of this angle. Self - consistent analytical and numerical solutions for the axisymmetric plasma flows ob- tained earlier show that the rotators can be divided on both fast rotators (0=U 2 0 > 1) and slow rotators (0=U 2 0 < 1), where0 is the ratio of the Poynting flux over the matter energy flux in the flow at the equator on the surface of the star, U0 = 0v0=c, v0 and0 being the initial velocity and the Lorentz-factor of the plasma. The self-consistent approximate analytical solution for the plasma flow from the oblique rotator is obtained under the condition 0=U 2 0 1. Implications of these results for radio pulsars are discussed. In particular, I argue that all radio pulsars are apparently the slow rotators ejecting the Poynting dominated relativistic wind.
Counting Lattice Points in Polytopes via Riemann

This paper is a partial summary of the survey paper [1]. In particular, we are interested in telling the following story: given a lattice polytope, P , one would like to find an efficient way of counting the lattice points contained in P . One of the nicest ways to accomplish this is to use algebraic geometry in a clever and beautiful way. Namely, from P one can construct a toric variety, XP , together with a line bundle, LP , on XP . Then it turns out that the Euler characteristic χ(XP , LP ) is equal to the number of lattice points contained in P . Moreover, the Hirzebruch-Riemann-Roch theorem tells us how to calculate this Euler characteristic in terms of the Todd class of the toric variety XP . This yields an efficient method for counting the lattice points in P , because there is a polynomial time algorithm that computes the Todd class of XP given the polytope P .
On Modeling Trust in Social Media using Link Polarity

There is a growing interest in exploring the role of social networks to understand how communities and individuals spread influence. In a densely connected online world, social media and networks have a great potential in influencing our thoughts and actions. We describe techniques to model trust in social media and present experimental results on finding “like minded” blogs based on blog-to-blog link sentiment for a particular domain. Using simple sentiment detection techniques, we identify the polarity (positive, negative or neutral) of the text surrounding links that point from one blog post to another. We use a trust propagation model to spread this sentiment from a subset of connected blogs to other blogs and deduce like-minded blogs in the blog graph. We then extend the same technique to label main stream news sources as left- or right-leaning based on the links between blogs and news sources. Our results confirm that the simple heuristics to analyze the text surrounding links and our trust propagation model are highly applicable for domains having weak link structure. These techniques demonstrate the potential of using polar links for more generic problems such as detecting trustworthy nodes in web graphs.
IBR5 Modulates Temperature-Dependent, R Protein CHS3-Mediated Defense Responses in Arabidopsis

Plant responses to low temperature are tightly associated with defense responses. We previously characterized the chilling-sensitive mutant chs3-1 resulting from the activation of the Toll and interleukin 1 receptor-nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NB-LRR)-type resistance (R) protein harboring a C-terminal LIM (Lin-11, Isl-1 and Mec-3 domains) domain. Here we report the identification of a suppressor of chs3, ibr5-7 (indole-3-butyric acid response 5), which largely suppresses chilling-activated defense responses. IBR5 encodes a putative dual-specificity protein phosphatase. The accumulation of CHS3 protein at chilling temperatures is inhibited by the IBR5 mutation. Moreover, chs3-conferred defense phenotypes were synergistically suppressed by mutations in HSP90 and IBR5. Further analysis showed that IBR5, with holdase activity, physically associates with CHS3, HSP90 and SGT1b (Suppressor of the G2 allele of skp1) to form a complex that protects CHS3. In addition to the positive role of IBR5 in regulating CHS3, IBR5 is also involved in defense responses mediated by R genes, including SNC1 (Suppressor of npr1-1, Constitutive 1), RPS4 (Resistance to P. syringae 4) and RPM1 (Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola 1). Thus, the results of the present study reveal a role for IBR5 in the regulation of multiple R protein-mediated defense responses.
Overexpression of Small Heat Shock Protein LimHSP16.45 in Arabidopsis Enhances Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses

Small heat shock proteins (smHSPs) play important and extensive roles in plant defenses against abiotic stresses. We cloned a gene for a smHSP from the David Lily (Lilium davidii (E. H. Wilson) Raffill var. Willmottiae), which we named LimHSP16.45 based on its protein molecular weight. Its expression was induced by many kinds of abiotic stresses in both the lily and transgenic plants of Arabidopsis. Heterologous expression enhanced cell viability of the latter under high temperatures, high salt, and oxidative stress, and heat shock granules (HSGs) formed under heat or salinity treatment. Assays of enzymes showed that LimHSP16.45 overexpression was related to greater activity by superoxide dismutase and catalase in transgenic lines. Therefore, we conclude that heterologous expression can protect plants against abiotic stresses by preventing irreversible protein aggregation, and by scavenging cellular reactive oxygen species.
Derivation and presentation of an abstract program space for Ada

A visualisation concept called "layering" promises to deal with large software systems, but has to date been exclusively oriented towards the level of concrete code rather than more design level information. The first step in further progress is to derive with some degree of formalism a space of abstract program constructs that can be viewed by layers. Next, iconography for the elements of the space is derived with a similar formal spirit. Finally, the implementation not only allows simultaneous, linked views of concrete and abstract layers, but can also be extended to accommodate any number of subsequent higher level design views that may be envisaged.