Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barriers to oral health care utilization in Ibadan, South West Nigeria.

BACKGROUND Barriers to oral health utilization are many, but those that are significant for our environment are not yet clear. The current study was designed to identify and graduate the barriers to receipt of oral health care among a cross-section of patients attending our centre. We also investigated the influence of socio demographic factors on the highly rated barriers. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting UCH, Ibadan using a self-administered questionnaire. Socio-demographic variables and oral health care seeking behaviour were requested and in addition, the respondents were asked to rank 11 listed barriers to receipt of oral health care and any other barriers they may think of in order of strength. Factor analysis was employed in order to identify four factors with the highest loading. The mean scores were compared using t-test and one-way ANOVA and the level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS Only 400 questionnaires were properly filled (84.9%) out of the 471 that were administered. The mean age of these participants was 37.85±15.38 years. Most of the respondents (55.8%) consulted the dentists only when there was pain while 109(27.3%) had never visited the dentist. Fear of dental injection, cost of treatment, feeling of insecurity when the dentist is operating and disturbing noise from dental drill were the major barriers. There was a statistically significant association between age groups and feeling of insecurity (p=006). CONCLUSION The major barriers to oral health care utilization among our patients were fear related.
Adolescents in foster care: exploring their involvement in foster placement success

Young people in foster care are at an increased risk of placement breakdown (Selwyn & Quinton, 2004; Ward & Skuse, 2001), which can have a significant effect on their psychological well-being (Oosterman, Schuengel, Wim Slot, Bullens, & Doreleijers, 2007). Research within this area has focused upon what causes placement breakdown to the detriment of identifying factors that may contribute to promoting placement success. This study uses a positive psychology approach to explore the variables that predict placement success for young people aged 12 to 18 growing up in foster care. Fifty-one young people consented to take part. The research focused specifically on their attachment relationship with foster carers and peers, their level of resilience, self-esteem and pro-social behaviours. Placement success was measured by achievement of health and well-being targets set out by the Every Child Matters outcome framework. A correlation analysis found that a significant positive relationship between a young person’s self-esteem and placement success. Relationships between other variables were observed and reported. Limitations of the study are discussed, together with recommendations for future research and clinical practice within the Looked After Child field.
A safety assessment system for sidewalks at night utilizing smartphones' light sensors

Along with the popularization of smartphones, which have various sensors such as accelerometers and GPS, location based services are also growing in popularity. Additionally, with the growth demand of in security awareness, pedestrian navigation systems are required to provide safety information. Thus, we propose and develop an illuminance inferring method utilizing smartphone's light sensors for assessing a safety level of sidewalks at night.
BioNetGen: software for rule-based modeling of signal transduction based on the interactions of molecular domains

BioNetGen allows a user to create a computational model that characterizes the dynamics of a signal transduction system, and that accounts comprehensively and precisely for specified enzymatic activities, potential post-translational modifications and interactions of the domains of signaling molecules. The output defines and parameterizes the network of molecular species that can arise during signaling and provides functions that relate model variables to experimental readouts of interest. Models that can be generated are relevant for rational drug discovery, analysis of proteomic data and mechanistic studies of signal transduction.
Learning Articulated Motions From Visual Demonstration

Many functional elements of human homes and workplaces consist of rigid components which are connected through one or more sliding or rotating linkages. Examples include doors and drawers of cabinets and appliances; laptops; and swivel office chairs. A robotic mobile manipulator would benefit from the ability to acquire kinematic models of such objects from observation. This paper describes a method by which a robot can acquire an object model by capturing depth imagery of the object as a human moves it through its range of motion. We envision that in future, a machine newly introduced to an environment could be shown by its human user the articulated objects particular to that environment, inferring from these "visual demonstrations" enough information to actuate each object independently of the user. Our method employs sparse (markerless) feature tracking, motion segmentation, component pose estimation, and articulation learning; it does not require prior object models. Using the method, a robot can observe an object being exercised, infer a kinematic model incorporating rigid, prismatic and revolute joints, then use the model to predict the object's motion from a novel vantage point. We evaluate the method's performance, and compare it to that of a previously published technique, for a variety of household objects.
Individual placement and support illustrated in the Swedish welfare system: A case study

Individual Placement and Support (IPS) results in more people with severe mental illness obtaining employment in comparison to traditional vocational rehabilitation approaches. The implementation challenges of IPS vary across countries and contexts. However, the implications for IPS delivery and thus the IPS principles have not been studied in Sweden, which this embedded case study aims to investigate. The study was bounded by a single case, which was equivalent to the implementation of IPS in a Swedish city over 18 months. Data was collected from multiple units of information and consisted of interviews, documents and audio materials. A content analysis was used. The results showed that the first four IPS principles were challenged by the welfare system. Work capacity, in terms of amount of working hours per week, was evaluated differently in IPS and in the welfare system's prevocational services. In addition, the type of welfare benefit was decisive for IPS delivery and could be withdrawn if the IPS participant did not enter the prevocational rehabilitation situated within the welfare service. The differences of vocational approaches as experienced by professionals led to frustration, but also positive statements regarding how to increase integration between the welfare services and IPS. The authors discuss the tangible result and suggestive recommendations are made.
The lateral mobility of the (Na+,K+)-dependent ATPase in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells

Fluorescence microphotolysis (recovery after photobleaching) was used to determine the lateral mobility of the (Na+,K+)ATPase and a fluorescent lipid analogue in the plasma membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells at different stages of development. Fluorescein- conjugated Fab' fragments prepared from rabbit anti-dog (Na+,K+)ATPase antibodies (IgG) and 5-(N-hexadecanoyl)aminofluorescein (HEDAF) were used to label the plasma membrane of confluent and subconfluent cultures of MDCK cells. Fractional fluorescence recovery was 50% and 80- 90% for the protein and lipid probes, respectively, and was independent of developmental stage. The estimated diffusion constants of the mobile fraction were approximately 5 X 10(-10) cm2/s for the (Na+,K+)ATPase and approximately 2 X 10(-9) cm2/s for HEDAF. Only HEDAF diffusion showed dependency on developmental stage in that D for confluent cells was approximately twice that for subconfluent cells. These results indicate that (Na+,K+)ATPase is 50% immobilized in all developmental stages, whereas lipids in confluent MDCK cells are more mobile than in subconfluent cells. They suggest, furthermore, that the degree of immobilization of the (Na+,K+)ATPase is insufficient to explain its polar distribution, and they support restricted mobility of the ATPase through the tight junctions as the likely mechanism for preventing the diffusion of this protein into the apical domain of the plasma membrane in confluent cell cultures.
Detecting affective covert user states with passive brain-computer interfaces

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) provide insight into ongoing cognitive and affective processes and are commonly used for direct control of human-machine systems [16]. Recently, a different type of BCI has emerged [4, 17], which instead focuses solely on the non-intrusive recognition of mental state elicited by a given primary human-machine interaction. These so-called passive BCIs (pBCIs) do, by their nature, not disturb the primary interaction, and thus allow for enhancement of human-machine systems with relatively low usage cost [12,18], especially in conjunction with gel-free sensors. Here, we apply pBCIs to detect cognitive processes containing covert user states, which are difficult to access with conventional exogenous measures. We present two variants of a task inspired by an erroneously adapting human-machine system, a scenario important in automated adaptation. In this context, we derive two related, yet complementary, applications of pBCIs. First, we show that pBCIs are capable of detecting a covert user state related to the perception of loss of control over a system. The detection is realized by exploiting non-stationarities induced by the loss of control. Second, we show that pBCIs can be used to detect a covert user state directly correlated to the user's interpretation of erroneous actions of the machine. We then demonstrate the use of this information to enhance the interaction between the user and the machine, in an experiment outside the laboratory.
Optimal expression evaluation and term matching on the Boolean hypercube and on hypercubic networks

An optimal tree contraction algorithm for the Boolean hypercube and constant degree hypercubic networks, such as the shuffle exchange or the butterfly network, is presented. The algorithm is based on a recursive approach, uses novel routing techniques, and, for certain small subtrees, simulates optimal PRAM algorithms. For trees of size n, stored in-order on a p processor hypercube, the running time of the algorithm is O/spl lsqb/(n/p)log p/spl rsqb/, which can be shown to be optimal on the hypercube by a corresponding lower bound. Tree contraction can be used to evaluate algebraic expressions consisting of operators +,/spl minus/,/spl middot/,/ and rational operands, as well as for the membership problem for certain subclasses of languages in DCFL. The same algorithmic ingredients can also be used to solve the term matching problem, one of the fundamental problems in logic programming. <<ETX>>
Political Opportunity and Nested Institutions

Scholars use the concept of 'political opportunity structure' to explain how the political context affects the differential development and influence of ostensibly similar movements. Although the concept promises to become an important analytical tool for comparative studies, to date it is underspecified and undertheorized. It also faces new challenges in this era of increased transnational activism and more extensive scholarly recognition of activist ties across borders. In this paper I argue that assessing opportunity by looking exclusively at national political structures neglects the important role that international factors, such as alliances and transnational movements, play in constraining both states and their challengers. I begin by reviewing the literature on opportunity and drawing a synthesis between it and the literature on domestic influences of international politics. I argue that political institutions are nested in a larger international context, and that the tightness or looseness of that nesting affects the range of possible alliances and policy options available within states. I examine this framework by looking at New Zealand's decision in 1984 to prohibit port visits by nuclear-powered ships or ships that might be carrying nuclear weapons. I conclude by calling for more research that recognizes the interplay of national opportunities and international structures.
LOTUS-BN: A Thai broadcast news corpus and its research applications

This paper describes the design and construction of the LOTUS-BN corpus, a Thai television broadcast news corpus. In addition to audio recordings and their transcription, this corpus also includes a detailed annotation of many interesting characteristics of broadcast news data such as acoustic condition, overlapping speech, news topic and named entity. The LOTUS-BN is still an ongoing project with the goal of collecting 100 hours of speech. We report initial statistics analyzed from 60 hours of speech which show that the LOTUS-BN corpus has a rich vocabulary of approximately 26,000 words with one third of them are named entities. Thus, this corpus is a good resource for developing an LVCSR system and investigating on named entity detection and recognition in addition to broadcast news related applications. Research applications on these topics are also discussed.
Position Uncertainty Reduction of Mobile Robot Based on DINDs in Intelligent Space

This paper proposes a localization of mobile robot using the images by distributed intelligent networked devices (DINDs) in intelligent space (ISpace). This scheme combines data from the observed position using dead-reckoning sensors and the estimated position using images of moving object, such as those of a walking human, used to determine the moving location of a mobile robot. The moving object is assumed to be a point-object and projected onto an image plane to form a geometrical constraint equation that provides position data of the object based on the kinematics of the intelligent space. Using the a-priori known path of a moving object and a perspective camera model, the geometric constraint equations that represent the relation between image frame coordinates of a moving object and the estimated position of the robot are derived. The proposed approach is applied for a mobile robot in ISpace to show the reduction of uncertainty in the determining of the location of the mobile robot.
The relationship between rural status, individual characteristics, and self-rated health in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

PURPOSE To examine rural status and social factors as predictors of self-rated health in community-dwelling adults in the United States. METHODS This study uses multinomial logistic and cumulative logistic models to evaluate the associations of interest in the 2006 U.S. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a cross-sectional survey of 347,709 noninstitutionalized adults. FINDINGS Self-rated health was poorer among rural residents, compared to urban residents (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.54, 1.90). However, underlying risk factors such as obesity, low income, and low educational attainment were found to vary by rural status and account for the observed increased risk (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.12). There was little evidence of effect modification by rural status, though the association between obesity and self-rated health was stronger among urban residents (OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 2.38, 2.64) than among rural residents (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 2.03, 2.34). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that differences in self-rated health by rural status were attributable to differential distributions of participant characteristics and not due to differential effects of those characteristics.
Positron-emission tomography of brain regions activated by recognition of familiar music.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We can easily recognize familiar music by listening to only one or 2 of its opening bars, but the brain regions that participate in this cognitive processing remain undetermined. We used positron-emission tomography (PET) to study changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) that occur during listening to familiar music. METHODS We used a PET subtraction technique to elucidate the brain regions associated with the recognition of familiar melodies such as well-known nursery tunes. Nonmusicians performed 2 kinds of musical tasks: judging the familiarity of musical pieces (familiarity task) and detecting deliberately altered notes in the pieces (alteration-detecting task). RESULTS During the familiarity task, bilateral anterior portions of bilateral temporal lobes, superior temporal regions, and parahippocampal gyri were activated. The alteration-detecting task bilaterally activated regions in the precunei, superior/inferior parietal lobules, and lateral surface of frontal lobes, which seemed to show a correlation with the analysis of music. CONCLUSION We hypothesize that during the familiarity task, activated brain regions participate in retrieval from long-term memory and verbal and emotional processing of familiar melodies. Our results reinforced the hypothesis reported in the literature as a result of group and case studies, that temporal lobe regions participate in the recognition of familiar melodies.
A Novel Reproductive Response of a Planktonic Herbivore to Temperature Stress

Global climate change, natural disasters and anthropogenic modifications of waterways may all lead to changing water temperature patterns in aquatic systems. We assessed the effects of different water temperatures on the reproductive rates of Daphnia pulex, a common primary consumer in aquatic ecosystems. Life table experiments were conducted using animals acclimatized to 10 ¡C and 20 ¡C water temperatures. Our findings at intermediate temperatures support findings from previous studies: Daphnia tend to show high reproductive rates at temperatures around 20 ¡C. (Bottrell, 1975; Lennon et al., 2001). We also observed unexpectedly high reproductive rates for 10 ¡C acclimatized clones in 30 ¡C treatments. These findings suggest the presence of a previously unrecognized coping mechanism present in this species for dealing with rapid, large temperature fluctuations.
Modifier Interaction and Mixed-Alkali Effect in Bond Constraint Theory Applied to Ternary Alkali Metaphosphate Glasses

Introducing an interaction parameter γ, we implement modifier interaction and the mixed-alkali effect into bond constraint theory, and apply this extension for simplistic property prediction on ternary phosphate glasses. The severity of the mixed alkali effect results from the interplay of two simultaneous contributions: Bond constraints on the modifier species soften or stiffen with decreasing or increasing γ, respectively. When the modifier size is not too dissimilar the decrease in γ reflects that the alkali ions can easily migrate between different sites, forcing the network to continuously re-accommodate for any subsequent distortions. With increasing size difference, migration becomes increasingly difficult without considerable network deformation. This holds even for smaller ions, where the sluggish dynamics of the larger constituent result in blocking of the fast ion movement, leading to the subsequent increase in γ. Beyond a certain size difference in the modifier pair, a value of γ exceeding unity may indicate the presence of steric hindrance due to the large surrounding modifiers impeding the phosphate network to re-accommodate deformation.
Combining Evidence from Multiple Searches

At Virginia Tech and PRC Inc. investigations with TREC data have focused on developing and comparing mechanims for combining evidence related to a number of search schemes. Our work with the first CD-ROM has included various indexing, weighting, retrieval, combination, evaluation, and failure analysis efforts. Related work reported elsewhere in the proceedings by Paul Thompson discusses extensions undertaken by PRC Inc. and an evaluation of those results. Futur's work will develop our ideas further, try them out with additional data, and hoefully be evaluated in connection with other work on TREC and TIPSTER
Sodium dietary restriction, knowledge, beliefs, and decision‐making behavior of older females

PurposeThe purposes of this qualitative/descriptive study were to (a) explore experiences and decision-making behaviors associated with adoption of a sodium-restricted diet (SRD) among older women with hypertension or heart failure and (b) identify healthcare system and contextual factors that facilitate or impede adherence to SRD. Data sourcesParticipants were 33 single older women, aged 65–98 years, residing in three congregate living facilities in the high-risk “coronary valley” area of the United States. A semistructured interview format was employed with three focus groups. The audio-taped transcribed data were content analyzed for themes by the researchers with the assistance of ATLAS.Ti computer software. ConclusionsPredominant themes were lack of SRD education by healthcare providers, a desire for more information about sodium, including the use of alternative herbal seasonings, and large-print informational materials. Eating alone with no motivation to cook and share meals was a contextual barrier to healthy nutrition. Implications for practiceTo prevent costly hospitalizations and rehospitalization from nonadherence to SRD, clinicians need to provide more structured SRD education supplemented with printed brochures. Exploring the client's nutritional social setting may improve SRD adherence.
Using Search Paradigms and Architecture Information Components to Consume Linked Data

The success of the Linked Open Data Initiative has increased the amount of information available on the Web. However, the Web content published under this initiative cannot be consumed by users who are unfamiliar with Semantic Web technologies (RDF, SPARQL, Ontologies, etc.), because they need to understand the structure, provenance and the way in which data are queried, and this can be complex for non-techusers. In this paper the process development of a Web application is described, which uses components borrowed from Information Architecture and search paradigms applied to the task of consuming Linked Data by non-tech-users. These data are available via a SPARQL endpoint (it is a SPARQL protocol service that enables users to query a knowledge base known as RDF triples database or triplestore), which can be queried through a HTTP protocol from a Web browser. This proposal allows full-text search over a bibliographic dataset and faceted search, based on representative concepts of it (facets). Using these paradigms allows us to consume Linked Data in an intuitive and friendly way, which reduces the technical barrier that limits users in this process. In addition this proposal has been tested through a complexity analysis study. This study calculates complexity metrics, by measuring usability dimensions based on user experience for executing search tasks.