Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotions, Unconscious Processes, and the Right Hemisphere

Since the classical Babinski’s (1914) observation of lack of awareness (“anosognosia”) for a left-sided hemiplegia, the problem of the mechanisms underlying this surprising phenomenon has been raised. Most authors have stressed the links between right hemisphere and emotional processes, considering anosognosia as an abnormal emotional reaction, caused by disruption of the side of the brain crucially involved in emotional behavior. Theoretically motivated models of hemispheric asymmetries in emotional processing have proposed either a right-hemisphere dominance for specific components of emotions, or a different involvement of the right and left hemispheres in different levels of emotional processing. Following the last line of thought, we have proposed that the right hemisphere may subserve the lower “schematic” level (where emotions are automatically generated and experienced as “true emotions) and the left hemisphere the higher “conceptual” level (where emotions are consciously analyzed and submitted to an intentional control). In agreement with this model, recent empirical data strongly suggest that the right hemisphere might play a major role in the automatic, unconscious generation of emotions, whereas the left hemisphere could be mainly involved in the conscious analysis and control of emotional processes.
A mixed contact model for an immersed collision between two solid surfaces

Experimental evidence shows that the presence of an ambient liquid can greatly modify the collision process between two solid surfaces. Interactions between the solid surfaces and the surrounding liquid result in energy dissipation at the particle level, which leads to solid–liquid mixture rheology deviating from dry granular flow behaviour. The present work investigates how the surrounding liquid modifies the impact and rebound of solid spheres. Existing collision models use elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) theory to address the surface deformation under the developing lubrication pressure, thereby coupling the motion of the liquid and solid. With EHL theory, idealized smooth particles are made to rebound from a lubrication film. Modified EHL models, however, allow particles to rebound from mutual contacts of surface asperities, assuming negligible liquid effects. In this work, a new contact mechanism, ‘mixed contact’, is formulated, which considers the interplay between the asperities and the interstitial liquid as part of a hybrid rebound scheme. A recovery factor is further proposed to characterize the additional energy loss due to asperity–liquid interactions. The resulting collision model is evaluated through comparisons with experimental data, exhibiting a better performance than the existing models. In addition to the three non-dimensional numbers that result from the EHL analysis—the wet coefficient of restitution, the particle Stokes number and the elasticity parameter—a fourth parameter is introduced to correlate particle impact momentum to the EHL deformation impulse. This generalized collision model covers a wide range of impact conditions and could be employed in numerical codes to simulate the bulk motion of solid particles with non-negligible liquid effects.
A novel bi-level meta-analysis approach: applied to biological pathway analysis

MOTIVATION The accumulation of high-throughput data in public repositories creates a pressing need for integrative analysis of multiple datasets from independent experiments. However, study heterogeneity, study bias, outliers and the lack of power of available methods present real challenge in integrating genomic data. One practical drawback of many P-value-based meta-analysis methods, including Fisher's, Stouffer's, minP and maxP, is that they are sensitive to outliers. Another drawback is that, because they perform just one statistical test for each individual experiment, they may not fully exploit the potentially large number of samples within each study. RESULTS We propose a novel bi-level meta-analysis approach that employs the additive method and the Central Limit Theorem within each individual experiment and also across multiple experiments. We prove that the bi-level framework is robust against bias, less sensitive to outliers than other methods, and more sensitive to small changes in signal. For comparative analysis, we demonstrate that the intra-experiment analysis has more power than the equivalent statistical test performed on a single large experiment. For pathway analysis, we compare the proposed framework versus classical meta-analysis approaches (Fisher's, Stouffer's and the additive method) as well as against a dedicated pathway meta-analysis package (MetaPath), using 1252 samples from 21 datasets related to three human diseases, acute myeloid leukemia (9 datasets), type II diabetes (5 datasets) and Alzheimer's disease (7 datasets). Our framework outperforms its competitors to correctly identify pathways relevant to the phenotypes. The framework is sufficiently general to be applied to any type of statistical meta-analysis. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The R scripts are available on demand from the authors. CONTACT sorin@wayne.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Statistical Machine Learning in Brain State Classification using EEG Data

In this article, we discuss how to use a variety of machine learning methods, e.g. tree bagging, random forest, boost, support vector machine, and Gaussian mixture model, for building classifiers for electroencephalogram (EEG) data, which is collected from different brain states on different subjects. Also, we discuss how training data size influences misclassification rate. Moreover, the number of subjects that contributes to the training data affects misclassification rate. Furthermore, we discuss how sample entropy contributes to building a classifier. Our results show that classification based on sample entropy give the smallest misclassification rate. Moreover, two data sets were collected from one channel and seven channels respectively. The classification results of each data set show that the more channels we use, the less misclassification we have. Our results show that it is promising to build a self-adaptive classification system by using EEG data to distinguish idle from active state.
Automatic Detection of Outdated Information in Wikipedia Infoboxes

An infobox of a Wikipedia article generally contains key facts in the article and is organized as attribute-value pairs. Infoboxes not only allow read- ers to rapidly gather the most important information about some aspects of the articles in which they appear, but also provide a source for many knowledge ba- ses derived from Wikipedia. However, not all the values of infobox attributes are updated frequently and accurately. In this paper, we propose a method to au- tomatically detect outdated attribute values in Wikipedia infoboxes by using facts extracted from the general Web. Our method uses the pattern-based fact extraction approach. The patterns for fact extraction are automatically learned using a number of available seeds in related Wikipedia infoboxes. We have tested and evaluated our system on a set of 100 well-established com- panies in the NASDAQ-100 index on their employee numbers, presented by the num_employees attribute value in their Wikipedia article infoboxes. The achieved accuracy is 77% and our test result also reveals that 82% of the companies do not have their latest numbers of employees in their Wikipedia article infoboxes.
Qualitative projective techniques in political brand image research from the perspective of young adults

Purpose – This paper aimed to focus on political marketing and utilised a number of projective techniques to explore the UK Conservative Party’s “brand image” amongst young adults aged 18-24 years. There is little guidance in the extant literature regarding projective technique analysis. Furthermore, there are explicit calls for insight and more understanding into the analytical process. Responding to this identified gap in the literature, this paper provides an illustrative guide that can be used to analyse and interpret findings generated from qualitative projective techniques. Design/methodology/approach – This paper opted for an exploratory study using focus group discussions, combined with qualitative projective techniques. Eight two-hour focus group discussions were conducted with 46 young citizens aged 18-24 years from three locations in England. Focus groups were conducted prior to the 2010 UK General Election. The data from the projective techniques were thematically analysed by the researcher. F.
Linking formal and informal support in multiproblem low-income families: the role of the family manager.

Multiproblem low-income families face multiple long-term problems in contexts deprived of economic resources, and they use various forms of formal and informal support to overcome these problems. This study examines how families coordinate the diverse strategies. A sample of 150 multiproblem, low-income families was surveyed by means of an interview that comprised three open questions: Which problems do you feel exist in your family? What strategies does your family use to cope with each of these problems? How does your family bring together the different types of support? Main findings suggest that a member of the family (the family manager) coordinates and links informal and formal types of support. Families do not adopt a passive attitude toward problem solving because they activate and manage multiple formal and informal strategies. It is suggested that professionals could promote the coordination between formal and informal strategies without taking away autonomy from the families. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secure Continuous Biometric-Enhanced Authentication

Abstract : Biometrics have the potential to solidify person authentication by examining "unforgeable" features of individuals. This paper explores issues involved with effective integration of biometric-enhanced authentication into computer systems and design options for addressing them. Because biometrics are not secrets, systems must not use them like passwords; otherwise, biometric-based authentication will reduce security rather than increase it. A novel biometric-enhanced authentication system, based on a trusted camera that continuously uses face recognition to verify identity, is described and evaluated in the context of Linux. With cryptographically-signed messages and continuous authentication, the difficulty of bypassing desktop authentication can be significantly increased.
Towards reliable data feature retrieval and decision engine in host-based anomaly detection systems

Host-based anomaly detection systems (HADS) serves as the second line of defense after cyber attacks have penetrated the network level defense. The major components of reliable HADS includes enriched data source (DS), computational efficient data feature retrieval (DFR), accurate and fast decision engine (DE). ADFA-LD is a recently published data set which reflects the invisible threat environment of modern computer system. The existing HADS utilizing ADFA-LD as DS, exhibits high computational DFR and inferior performance of the DE at real-time. The major drawback is inability to acquire representative features from host activities. Confronting this drawback in this paper, at DFR a character data zero watermark inspired statistical based strategy is developed for integer data to extract hidden reliable or representative features from system calls of the trace. At DE, three supervised machine learning classifiers such as support vector machine (SVM) with linear and radial bases function (RBF) kernels and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) are evaluated across detection rate (DR), false alarm rate (FAR) and computational time. The numerical trials validates that the suggested statistical feature extraction strategy at DFR and KNN at DE can attain acceptable performance at real-time.
2 2 Ja n 20 04 SUBDIVISIONS OF TORIC COMPLEXES

We introduce toric complexes as polyhedral complexes consisting of rational cones together with a set of integral generators for each cone, and we define their associated face rings. Abstract simplicial complexes and rational fans can be considered as toric complexes, and the face ring for toric complexes extend Stanley and Reisner's face ring for abstract simplicial complexes [18] and Stanley's face ring for rational fans [19]. Given a toric complex with defining ideal I for the face ring we give a geometrical interpretation of the initial ideals of I with respect to weight orders in terms of subdivisions of the toric complex generalizing a theorem of Sturmfels in [21]. We apply our results to study edgewise subdivisions of abstract simplicial complexes.
Identification of etiological agents by LPA and PCR in childhood meningitis

Objectives: To determine the etiological agents by Latex Particle Agglutination (LPA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in patients admitted with Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) culture negative bacterial meningitis Methods: This descriptive case series was conducted at National Institute of Child Health, Karachi from January 2010 to December 2012. Patients meeting the WHO case definition of suspected meningitis from one month to 59 months of age were included in the study. CSF examination and culture was carried out on every patient and CSF culture negative patients were enrolled. Demographic data, clinical signs & symptoms and laboratory findings were entered into the proforma. Data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17. P-value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: A total of 166 patients were included. Male were 96 and female were 76 with the male to female ratio of 1.26. The mean age of patient was ± SD 14.6 ± 14.5 months. The etiological agents identified by LPA were in 26/166 (15.66%) cases and the organisms were H. influenzae type b 10 cases, streptococcus pneumoniae 15 cases and meningococcus only one case respectively. The organisms identified by PCR were in 65/166 (39.15%) cases and the isolates were H. influenzae type b 16 cases, streptococcus pneumoniae 48 cases and meningococcus 01 case respectively. Conclusion: LPA and PCR are superior and useful diagnostic tools in microbiology. They can be used for rapid etiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis for the early administration of proper antibiotic. Abbreviation: LPA = Latex Particle Agglutination, PCR = Polymerase Chain Reaction, CSF = Cerebrospinal Fluid, CNS = Central Nervous System.
Transmission power control techniques for the reverse link of OFDM-DS-CDMA system

A method of transmission power control (TPC) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing direct sequence code division multiple access (OFDM-DS-CDMA), in order to compensate for power attenuation at each subcarrier, is proposed. Instead of assigning the same power levels for all-subcarriers, different transmission power levels are assigned to different subcarriers, according to the attenuation of the subcarriers. System performance, in terms of bit error rate (BER), has been evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results presented significant improvement; the proposed system performed much better than the system without TPC. It is shown that the each-carrier TPC performed better than all-carrier TPC, hence each-carrier TPC is more suitable for OFDM-DS-CDMA systems.
Spatial logics with connectedness predicates

We consider quantifier-free spatial logics, designed for qualitative spatial representation and reasoning in AI, and extend them with the means to represent topological connectedness of regions and restrict the number of their connected components. We investigate the computational complexity of these logics and show that the connectedness constraints can increase complexity from NP to PSpace, ExpTime and, if component counting is allowed, to NExpTime.
Bimetallic interface: A periodic planar jellium approach.

The problem of the bimetallic interface is studied within the periodic planar jellium (PPJ) approximation. According to the PPJ approach, the positive charge of the crystal is considered uniformly distributed on the lattice planes parallel to the interface. As a result, the PPJ method, while it retains the simplicity of the one-dimensional character of the jellium approximation, additionally incorporates explicitly within a self-consistent calculational scheme effects due to crystal anisotropies and zeroth-order band-structure effects
Effects of Teacher Rewards on Recognition and Job Enrichment.

AbstractThis study tested potential implications of Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory for teacher reward programs by comparing changes in teachers’ job-enrichment opportunities and recognition after choosing one of two rewards (travel to professional training conferences or cash). Thirty-eight high-performing elementary and junior high school teachers (10 male and 28 female) from Tucson, Arizona, participated in the study. The results were consistent with the motivation-hygiene theory. Teachers choosing professional travel for training as a reward, when compared with teachers choosing cash as a reward, reported experiencing significantly more opportunities for job enrichment on two out of four criteria measures (conducting training workshops and redesigning curricula) and more recognition on one out of four criteria measures (advice seeking from peers). The policy implications for school boards and state and national legislatures include the need to be aware of the power and influences of intrinsic mot.
Assessing the Clinical Importance of Statistically Significant Improvement in Anti-Dementia Drug Trials

A strategy for assessing the clinical importance of statistically significant treatment benefits in recent dementia drug trials is proposed. Traditional criteria for the assessment of valid inferences are helpful: the more likely the treatment effects are valid, the greater the chance that they will be clinically important. The role of the Clinician’s Interview-Based Impression of Change is also of some importance. Progress in this area faces the special challenge that the ‘new’ disease entity of partial treatment of Alzheimer’s disease has not been well described. Large, systematic clinical studies of treated patients remain necessary to define reliable guides to successful treatment.
Solution Structures of Cytosolic RNA Sensor MDA5 and LGP2 C-terminal Domains

The RIG-I like receptor (RLR) comprises three homologues: RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I), MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5), and LGP2 (laboratory of genetics and physiology 2). Each RLR senses different viral infections by recognizing replicating viral RNA in the cytoplasm. The RLR contains a conserved C-terminal domain (CTD), which is responsible for the binding specificity to the viral RNAs, including double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and 5′-triphosphated single-stranded RNA (5′ppp-ssRNA). Here, the solution structures of the MDA5 and LGP2 CTD domains were solved by NMR and compared with those of RIG-I CTD. The CTD domains each have a similar fold and a similar basic surface but there is the distinct structural feature of a RNA binding loop; The LGP2 and RIG-I CTD domains have a large basic surface, one bank of which is formed by the RNA binding loop. MDA5 also has a large basic surface that is extensively flat due to open conformation of the RNA binding loop. The NMR chemical shift perturbation study showed that dsRNA and 5′ppp-ssRNA are bound to the basic surface of LGP2 CTD, whereas dsRNA is bound to the basic surface of MDA5 CTD but much more weakly, indicating that the conformation of the RNA binding loop is responsible for the sensitivity to dsRNA and 5′ppp-ssRNA. Mutation study of the basic surface and the RNA binding loop supports the conclusion from the structure studies. Thus, the CTD is responsible for the binding affinity to the viral RNAs.
Proposal and performance evaluation of an efficient multiple-access protocol for LEO satellite packet networks

This paper deals with a modified version of the packet reservation multiple-access (PRMA) protocol suitable for integration of real-time (voice) and best effort (data) traffic in low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems. The proposed scheme differs from previous alternatives on the method adopted to handle access requests for voice and data terminals, and to transmit data messages. An analytical approach is proposed and validated in the case of voice and classical (i.e., geometric distributed) data traffic in order to derive system performance in terms of mean data message delay and voice packet dropping probability. However, in order to better highlight the advantages of the proposed approach typical interactive and background traffics types have been also considered. Performance comparisons with previous proposed PRMA protocols for voice and data transmission in LEO satellite communication systems are also shown in order to highlight the better behavior of the proposed scheme. Finally, a brief discussion concerning the extension of the proposed S-PRMA protocol to the case of different satellite communication systems is also provided.
A Computer-based Diagnosis System for Early Glaucoma Screening

Glaucoma is a serious eye disease and the major cause of blindness worldwide. Glaucoma screening is a useful way in detecting the disease at an early stage. This paper presents a computer-based glaucoma screening system in which optic nerve defects detection, visual field examination, and expert system rules are combined to increase the sensitivity and specificity. Several fundus image processing methods are used and a histogram model is given especially for combed hair retinal nerve fiber layer defect. A visual field test performed on computer monitor is adopted to reduce the cost for other perimetry equipments. The assistant diagnostic module can give a primary diagnosis based on a set of fuzzy rules. The system is cost effective and suitable for detecting early stage glaucoma, especially for large-scale screening
Analyzing Web Service Contracts

Web services should be dependable, because businesses rely on them. For that purpose the service oriented architecture has standardized specifications at a syntactical level. In this paper, we demonstrate how such specifications are used to derive semantic models in the form of (timed) automata. These can be used to model check functional and behavioural properties of a given service. Since there might be several specifications dealing with different aspects, one must also check that these automata are consistent, where we propose to set up a suitable simulation relation. The proposed techniques are illustrated with a small case study.