Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Eastern Arm of M83 Revisited: High-Resolution Mapping of 12CO 1-0 Emission

We have used the Owens Valley Millimeter Array to map 12CO (J=1-0) along a 3.5 kpc segment of the eastern spiral arm of M83 at resolutions of 6. ″5×3. ″5, 10'', and 16''. The CO emission in most of this segment lies along the sharp dust lane demarcating the inner edge of the spiral arm, but beyond a certain point along the arm the emission shifts downstream from the dust lane to become better aligned with the young stars seen in blue and Hβ images. This morphology resembles that of the western arm of M100. Three possibilities, none of which is wholly satisfactory, are considered to explain the deviation of the CO arm from the dust lane: heating of the CO by UV radiation from young stars, heating by low-energy cosmic rays, and a molecular medium consisting of two (diffuse and dense) components that react differently to the density wave. Regardless, the question of what CO emission traces along this spiral arm is a complicated one. Masses based on CO emission and the virial theorem for 10 emission features roughly agree and are in the range 1.5-16×106 M☉. These are lower than the masses of giant molecular associations in M51, but the discrepancy is probably due to the much higher linear resolution of these observations. Despite the uncertainty in what CO emission is tracing, we do not require a conversion factor of CO brightness to H2 column density much different from the standard Galactic value if these structures are bound. Surprisingly, for the two fields where we can compare with single-dish data, only 2%-5% of the single-dish flux is seen in our observations. A possible explanation is that M83 contains much smoothly distributed molecular gas that is resolved out by the interferometer. Strong tangential streaming is observed where the arm crosses the kinematic major axis of the galaxy, implying that the shear becomes locally prograde in the arms. The amplitude of the tangential streaming is used along with a low-resolution single-dish radial profile of CO emission to infer a very high gas surface density of about 230 M☉ pc−2 and an arm-interarm contrast greater than 2.3 in the part of the arm near the major axis. Using two different criteria, we find that the gas at this location is well above the threshold for gravitational instability—much more clearly so than in either M51 or M100. This finding is consistent with the unusually high Hα surface brightness and star formation efficiency in M83: star formation may be particularly active because of strong gravitational instabilities.
RNF8-Independent Lys63 Poly-Ubiquitylation Prevents Genomic Instability in Response to Replication-Associated DNA Damage

The cellular response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) involves the ordered assembly of repair proteins at or near sites of damage. This process is mediated through post-translational protein modifications that include both phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. Recent data have demonstrated that recruitment of the repair proteins BRCA1, 53BP1, and RAD18 to ionizing irradiation (IR) induced DSBs is dependent on formation of non-canonical K63-linked polyubiquitin chains by the RNF8 and RNF168 ubiquitin ligases. Here we report a novel role for K63-ubiquitylation in response to replication-associated DSBs that contributes to both cell survival and maintenance of genome stability. Suppression of K63-ubiquitylation markedly increases large-scale mutations and chromosomal aberrations in response to endogenous or exogenous replication-associated DSBs. These effects are associated with an S-phase specific defect in DNA repair as revealed by an increase in residual 53BP1 foci. Use of both knockdown and knockout cell lines indicates that unlike the case for IR-induced DSBs, the requirement for K63-ubiquitylation for the repair of replication associated DSBs was found to be RNF8-independent. Our findings reveal the existence of a novel K63-ubiquitylation dependent repair pathway that contributes to the maintenance of genome integrity in response to replication-associated DSBs.
Classifying abnormal activities in exam using multi-class Markov chain LDA based on MODEC features

In this paper, we apply MCMCLDA (Multi-class Markov Chain Latent Dirichlet Allocation) model to classify abnormal activity of students in an examination. Abnormal activity in exams is defined as a cheating activity. We compare the usage of Harris3D interest point detector and a human joints detector, MODEC (Multimodal Decomposable Models), as the feature detector. Experiment results show that using MODEC to detect arm joints and head location as interest point gives better performance in accuracy and computational time than Harris3D when classifying cheating activity. MODEC suffers low accuracy due to its inability to differentiate elbow and wrist when the object wears clothes with indistinguishable colors. Meanwhile, Harris3D detects too many irrelevant interest point to recognize cheating activity reliably.
Quantifying usability: an evaluation of a diabetes mHealth system on effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction metrics with associated user characteristics

Abstract Objective Mobile health (mHealth) systems are becoming more common for chronic disease management, but usability studies are still needed on patients’ perspectives and mHealth interaction performance. This deficiency is addressed by our quantitative usability study of a mHealth diabetes system evaluating patients’ task performance, satisfaction, and the relationship of these measures to user characteristics. Materials and Methods We used metrics in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9241-11 standard. After standardized training, 10 patients performed representative tasks and were assessed on individual task success, errors, efficiency (time on task), satisfaction (System Usability Scale [SUS]) and user characteristics. Results Tasks of exporting and correcting values proved the most difficult, had the most errors, the lowest task success rates, and consumed the longest times on task. The average SUS satisfaction score was 80.5, indicating good but not excellent system usability. Data trends showed males were more successful in task completion, and younger participants had higher performance scores. Educational level did not influence performance, but a more recent diabetes diagnosis did. Patients with more experience in information technology (IT) also had higher performance rates. Discussion Difficult task performance indicated areas for redesign. Our methods can assist others in identifying areas in need of improvement. Data about user background and IT skills also showed how user characteristics influence performance and can provide future considerations for targeted mHealth designs. Conclusion Using the ISO 9241-11 usability standard, the SUS instrument for satisfaction and measuring user characteristics provided objective measures of patients’ experienced usability. These could serve as an exemplar for standardized, quantitative methods for usability studies on mHealth systems.
An Algorithm Based on Energy Conservation in Wireless Sensor Network

An improved medium access control algorithm based on energy conservation is proposed in this paper because the energy is constrained in wireless sensor network. In this algorithm, each code can adjust its sleeping probability by its remaining energy, balance energy consumption of net codes, so the life time of whole network is enlarging. The simulating result shows that comparing with traditional algorithm, the max life time can be increased from 1.48×104 time-slot to 3.6×104 time-slot. At the same time, the transmitted data groups also can be improved more in life time with the same energy of each code.
The Cost of Crafting a Class: (In)Efficient Financial Aid Allocation at Two Private Colleges

In order to meet two key objectives, enrollment managers at colleges and universities make extensive use of single equation probability models. The first objective is to generate sufficient financial resources to educate the students enrolled. The more dependent the institution is on tuition revenues, the more important is this objective. The second objective is to distribute and monitor student subsidies according to need, merit, and the institution's diversity goals. This paper reviews the existing theoretical literature on the allocation of financial aid and proposes a more complete method of analyzing the matriculation process. Using proprietary data from two representative small colleges, we demonstrate that single equation estimates of enrollment probabilities can suffer from an endogeneity bias. We propose a simultaneous probit-tobit system that corrects for this bias. Our two major findings are: (1) contrary to the predictions of the theoretical model, institutions of higher education make larger financial aid awards to students with high enrollment propensities and (2) traditional single equation models therefore systematically overstate the true impact of financial aid on enrollment probabilities.
Capital market of Bulgaria: testing different CAPM corrections

The present study makes comparison in the usage and the level of accuracy of different methods for calculation of the expected return. The presented methods are based on CAPM, but with different corrections. We are going to test the traditional CAPM of Sharpe (1963) and Lintner (1964), the downside D-CAPM proposed by Estrada (2002), and three methods presented by the authors of this study. The first method uses combination of downside and upside beta to compute the risk in CAPM; the second uses the absolute deviation as a measure of risk; the third method integrates skewness in CAPM, but makes it by using different approach than familiar downside methods. The skewness is added as additional multiplier in the CAPM.
An Area-Efficient FPGA-Based Architecture for Fully-Parallel Stochastic LDPC Decoding

Stochastic decoding is a new alternative method for low complexity decoding of error-correcting codes. This paper presents the first hardware architecture for stochastic decoding of practical Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes on factor graphs. The proposed architecture makes fully-parallel decoding of (long) state-of-the-art LDPC codes viable on FP-GAs. Implementation results for a (1024, 512) fully-parallel LDPC decoder shows an area requirement of about 36% of a Xilinx Virtex-4 XC4VLX200 device and a throughput of 706 Mbps at a bit-error-rate of about 1-6 with performance loss0 of about 0.1 dB, with respect to the nearly ideal floating-point sum-product algorithm with 32 iterations.
Semiclassical analysis of low lying eigenvalues. I. Non-degenerate minima : asymptotic expansions

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Variational calculations for anisotropic solitons in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

We present variational calculations using a Gaussian trial function to calculate the ground state of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) and to describe the dynamics of the quasi-two-dimensional solitons in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Furthermore, we extend the ansatz to a linear superposition of Gaussians, improving the results for the ground state to exact agreement with numerical grid calculations using imaginary time and the split-operator method. We are able to give boundaries for the scattering length at which stable solitons may be observed in an experiment. By dynamic calculations with coupled Gaussians, we are able to describe the rather complex behavior of the thermally excited solitons. The discovery of dynamically stabilized solitons indicates the existence of such BECs at experimentally accessible temperatures.
When is the median voter paradigm a reasonable guide for policy choices in a representative democracy

The median voter paradigm (MVP) has been widely used to study the interactions between economic and political behavior. While this approach is easy to work with, it abstracts from institutional detail. This paper explores whether the MVP leads on average to the same policies that would be chosen in a two-party representative democracy (RD). When it does not, the paper fully characterizes the size and magnitude of the average divergence (or bias) between policy choices in MVP and in RD in terms of the degree of polarization between the parties, their relative electoral prospects, and the distribution of electoral uncertainty. The results are then applied to the influential Meltzer and Richard (1981) theory of the size of government.
An Iterative Substructuring Algorithm for Two-Dimensional Problems in H(curl)

A domain decomposition algorithm, similar to classical iterative substructuring algorithms, is presented for two-dimensional problems in the space $H_0(\mbox{curl};\Omega)$. It is defined in terms of a coarse space and local subspaces associated with individual edges of the subdomains into which the domain of the problem has been subdivided. The algorithm differs from others in three basic respects. First, it can be implemented in an algebraic manner that does not require access to individual subdomain matrices or a coarse discretization of the domain; this is in contrast to algorithms of the BDDC, FETI–DP, and classical two-level overlapping Schwarz families. Second, favorable condition number bounds can be established over a broader range of subdomain material properties than in previous studies. Third, we are able to develop theory for quite irregular subdomains and bounds for the condition number of our preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm, which depend only on a few geometric parameters. The c.
The Perceived Attributes of Wi-Fi Technology Among University Faculty Members in the United States

The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate and understand the perceived attributes of Wi-Fi technology among university faculty members. Rogers' diffusion theory provides the theoretical framework to guide the qualitative study. Multiple sources of information were used to collect data: in-depth semi-structured interviews, observations, and documentation analysis. Qualitative data analysis techniques were used to analyze data. The participants were 16 faculty members from six colleges at a large Midwestern state university. Findings from this study show that that there are differences between early adopters and non-adopters (the mainstream). They are different in these aspects: knowledge and skill of technology, teaching practices, teaching philosophy, and technology needs. They have different perceptions toward the Wi-Fi technology and they are at different diffusion stages. Therefore, these differences lead to a diffusion "gap" between early adopters and the mainstream. This diffusion gap implies that a different support infrastructure is needed for mainstream faculty to integrate technology for teaching and learning.
A Buffer Management Scheme for Mobile Computers with Hybrid Main Memory and Flash Memory Storages

Recently DRAM and PRAM hybrid main memory organization has been studied in order to address the high levels of energy dissipation in DRAM based main memory. It is expected that this new memory architecture will be used soon in mobile computers which use NAND Flash memory based storages. In such computers, legacy operating system functionalities like file system and memory system should be modified in order efficiently to manage heterogeneous memory organization. In this paper, we study a new buffer cache scheme which considers DRAM/PRAM hybrid main memory and flash memory based storages. The goal of proposed buffer cache scheme is to minimize the number of write operations on PRAM and the number of erase operations on flash memory while maintaining the cache hit ratio. In order to evaluate proposed scheme, we performed trace-driven simulation.
Role of Positive Selection in Functional Divergence of Mammalian Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitor Proteins during Evolution

Neuronal apoptosis inhibitor proteins (NAIPs) are members of Nod-like receptor (NLR) protein family. Recent research demostrated that some NAIP genes were strongly associated with both innate immunity and many inflammatory diseases in humans. However, no similar phenomena have been reported in other mammals. Furthermore, some NAIP genes have undergone pseudogenization or have been lost during the evolution of some higher mammals. We therefore aimed to determine if functional divergence had occurred, and if natural selection had played an important role in the evolution of these genes. The results showed that NAIP genes have undergone pseudogenization and functional divergence, driven by positive selection. Positive selection has also influenced NAIP protein structure, resulting in further functional divergence.
Skill of compliance with controlled charging/discharging of kinetic energy

Use of compliance in muscle is the inherent skill of a human. By using the potential energy charged in the compliant members, we can skillfully equalize the characteristics of muscles and body. Integrating the skill of compliance will provide robots with higher mobility, dexterity and safety and extends the fields of applications. The main research issues of the skill of compliance are tuning passive compliance, planning compliant motion and designing control law. To achieve the skill, we focus on the planning compliant motion considering the kinetic energy. In this paper, we propose to design a compliant motion through iterative model identification and motion design. A humanoid robot with passive compliance is used to integrate the skill of compliance and shows fast swing charging and discharging the kinetic energy.
The Restriction of Zoonotic PERV Transmission by Human APOBEC3G

The human APOBEC3G protein is an innate anti-viral factor that can dominantly inhibit the replication of some endogenous and exogenous retroviruses. The prospects of purposefully harnessing such an anti-viral defense are under investigation. Here, long-term co-culture experiments were used to show that porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) transmission from pig to human cells is reduced to nearly undetectable levels by expressing human APOBEC3G in virus-producing pig kidney cells. Inhibition occurred by a deamination-independent mechanism, likely after particle production but before the virus could immortalize by integration into human genomic DNA. PERV inhibition did not require the DNA cytosine deaminase activity of APOBEC3G and, correspondingly, APOBEC3G-attributable hypermutations were not detected. In contrast, over-expression of the sole endogenous APOBEC3 protein of pigs failed to interfere significantly with PERV transmission. Together, these data constitute the first proof-of-principle demonstration that APOBEC3 proteins can be used to fortify the innate anti-viral defenses of cells to prevent the zoonotic transmission of an endogenous retrovirus. These studies suggest that human APOBEC3G-transgenic pigs will provide safer, PERV-less xenotransplantation resources and that analogous cross-species APOBEC3-dependent restriction strategies may be useful for thwarting other endogenous as well as exogenous retrovirus infections.
Reducing Buffer Requirements in Core Routers Using Dynamic Buffering

Earlier studies have exploited statistical multiplexing of flows in the core of the Internet to reduce the buffer requirement in routers. Reducing the memory requirement of routers is important as it enables an improvement in performance and at the same time a decrease in the cost. In this paper, we observe that the links in the core of the Internet are typically over-provisioned and this can be exploited to reduce the buffering requirement in routers. The small on-chip memory of a network processor (NP) can be effectively used to buffer packets during most regimes of traffic. We propose a dynamic buffering strategy which buffers packets in the receive and transmit buffers of a NP when the memory requirement is low. When the buffer requirement increases due to bursts in the traffic, memory is allocated to packets in the off-chip DRAM. This scheme effectively mitigates the DRAM access bottleneck, as only a part of the traffic is stored in the DRAM. We build a Petri net model and evaluate the proposed scheme with core Internet like traffic. At 77% link utilization, the dynamic buffering scheme has a drop rate of just 0.65%, whereas the traditional DRAM buffering has 4.64% packet drop rate. Even with a high link utilization of 90%, which rarely happens in the core, our dynamic buffering results in a packet drop rate of only 2.17%, while supporting a throughput of 7.39 Gbps. We study the proposed scheme under different conditions to understand the provisioning of processing threads and to determine the queue length at which packets must be buffered in the DRAM. We show that the proposed dynamic buffering strategy drastically reduces the buffering requirement while still maintaining low packet drop rates.
Bandwidth Enhancement for Microstrip Patch Antenna with Microstrip Line Feed

A new compact, wideband micro strip patch antenna with a micro strip line feed is presented in this paper. This antenna structure is realized on a glass epoxy substrate with dielectric constant 4.2, with thickness of 1.6 mm and finite ground plane. Using IE3D software package of Zeland, according to the set size, the antenna is simulated. This antenna is composed of a c-shape patch and is fed by a 50 ? micro strip line. The antenna size is very compact (40 mm x 60 mm x 1.6 mm) and covers 1.73 GHz to 2.23 GHz. The computer simulation results show that the antenna can realize wide band characters. With adjusted parameters, it exhibits a broad impedance bandwidth (VSWR = 2) of about 25%.
Resolution analysis for imaging with noise

We analyze the resolution of imaging functionals that migrate the cross-correlation matrices of passive sensor arrays. These matrices are obtained by cross-correlating signals emitted by ambient noise sources and recorded by the passive sensor array. They contain information about reflectors in the surrounding medium. Therefore, travel time or Kirchhoff migration of the cross-correlations can, under favorable circumstances, produce images of such reflectors. However, migration should be carried out appropriately depending on the type of illumination provided by the ambient noise sources. We present here a detailed resolution analysis of these functionals in a homogeneous medium. Resolution depends on the sensor array diameter, the distance from the array to the reflector and the central frequency, as is the case in active array imaging. When imaging with passive sensor arrays and ambient noise, resolution also depends on the space and time coherence of the noise sources because it determines an effective noise bandwidth.
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps application for Webmining

This work examines and proposes a new method for web mining inference based on Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. The web mining inference and knowledge extraction consists of two phases. At the first phase the a priori algorithm is used for web mining and a collection of Association rules is inferred. In the second phase, the set of Association Rules is transformed into a Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM). It investigates a new methodology for developing Fuzzy Cognitive Maps so that they can be suitable for web mining inference.