Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pulsed battery discharge in communication devices

The overall objective of this work is to explore ways in which the energy efficiency of communications can be enhanced through the use of communication protocols that exploit the charge recovery mechanism inherent to many secondary storage batteries. In the first part of this paper, we summarize the behavior of electrochemical energy cells. We compile results that pertain to the capacity of a cell and its dependence on the intensity of the discharge current. The phenomenon of charge recovery that takes place under bursty or pulsed discharge conditions is identified as a mechanism that can be exploited to enhance the capacity of a cell. The bursty nature of many data trafllc sources suggests that there may be a natural fit between the two. In the second part of this manuscript, we explore thii synergy by developing a stochastic model that tracks charge recovery in conjunction with bursty discharges due to transmissions driven by Bernoulli arrivals. We derive the resulting capacity advantage relative to constant discharge as a function of the burstiness of the arrival for two discharge scenarios.
Quantum optics of electrons in graphene

The unique properties of graphene's band structure can lead to negative refraction of charge carriers incident on PN junctions. When coupled with an angular dependent transmission probability this can be utilised to form a novel split path interferometer. Many practical challenges are present and novel methods of fabrication are required to realise such a device. A large mean free path is required in order to achieve ballistic transport; a fundamental requirement of such a lensing device. Graphene on a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) substrate is used in order to remove as many scattering sites as possible to enable the devices to be modelled using ballistic transport. Bubbles between graphene and boron nitride flakes are found and a method for their removal explained. Equipment was modified to allow the use of the latest graphene flake dry transfer methods, which enable the fabrication of hBN-graphene-hBN sandwich devices with one dimensional edge contacts. Multiple device designs are proposed which would exhibit interesting physics and give evidence for negative refraction in graphene and for the angular transmission probability of Klein tunnelling. The possibility of using He ion carving to produce a very small quantum point contact was explored and a nanoribbon with a width of 8 nm was fabricated and measured.
A novel algorithm for SINS/CNS/GPS integrated navigation system

In this paper we present a novel algorithm for SINS(Strapdown Inertial Navigation)/CNS(Celestial Navigation System)/GPS(Global Positioning System) integrated navigation system. This novel algorithm is called as federated unscented particle filter(FUPF), and the SINS/CNS/GPS system models are nonlinear and non-Gaussian. This algorithm uses the UKF(Uscented Kalman Filter) to estimate the local filters, and the estimate results are employed to generate the importance proposal distributions of local filters. Then, the output of every local filter can be estimated from the importance proposal distributions by particle filter. Finally, this algorithm uses the federated filter method to fuse together the outputs from local UPF(Uscented Particle Filter) filters, and the final total estimation of the SINS/CNS/GPS system can be obtained. In this algorithm the particle filter incorporates the latest observations of local filters into a prior updating routine. In addition, the algorithm is not restricted by assumptions of linearity or Gaussian noise: it may be applied to any state transition or measurement model. Specifically, we apply the algorithm to maneuvering vehicles and simulation results show that the algorithm is more accurate than the federated UKF algorithm in the nonlinear and non-Gaussian models.
New-onset afebrile seizures in infants

Objective: To investigate the presenting characteristics of new-onset afebrile seizures in infants (age 1–24 months) and the yield of neuroimaging. Methods: Prospective data were obtained from a standardized evaluation and management plan mandated by a critical care pathway. A total of 317 infants presented with new-onset afebrile seizures between 2001 and 2007. EEG was performed on 90.3%, head CT was obtained on 94%, and MRI was obtained on 57.4%. Results: We found half of the infants had partial features to their seizures, yet evidence for primary generalized seizures was rare. The majority had more than 1 seizure upon presentation. Seizures in this age group tended to be brief, with 44% lasting less than 1 minute. EEG abnormalities were found in half. One-third of CTs were abnormal, with 9% of all CTs requiring acute medical management. Over half of MRIs were abnormal, with cerebral dysgenesis being the most common abnormality (p < 0.05). One-third of normal CTs had a subsequent abnormal MRI—only 1 resulted in altered medical management. Conclusions: Infantile seizures are usually brief, but commonly recurrent, and strong consideration should be made for inpatient observation. Acute imaging with CT can alter management in a small but important number of infants. Due to the superior yield, strong consideration for MRI should be given for all infants, as primary generalized seizures are rare, and there is a high rate of cerebral dysgenesis.
Shape Deposition Manufacturing

One challenge for solid freeform fabrication has been to develop the capability to directly create functional metal shapes which are dense, metallurgically bonded, geometrically accurate and with good surface appearance. Shape Deposition is a manufacturing paradigm which attempts to address these issues. It incorporates the advantages of several processes including solid freeform fabrication (complex geometries, rapidly planned), 5-axis CNC machining (accuracy, smooth surfaces), shot-peening (for stress relief) and 'microcasting' (a high-performance, weldbased material deposition process). These processes are integrated within a CAD/CAM system using robotic automation. This paper will present the current research in this effort.
Early use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute lung injury: A multicenter randomized controlled trial*

Objective: Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is beneficial for patients with acute respiratory failure. However, its possible benefit for patients with acute lung injury (200 mm Hg < PaO2/FIO2 ⩽300 mm Hg) remains unclear. Our aim was to assess the safety and efficacy of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for patients with acute lung injury and compare this with high-concentration oxygen therapy. Design: A multicentered randomized controlled trial. Setting: Ten multipurpose intensive care units. Patients: Forty patients who fulfilled the criteria for acute lung injury were included in this study. Interventions: Patients were randomly allocated to receive either noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (noninvasive positive pressure ventilation group) or high-concentration oxygen therapy through a Venturi mask (control group). Measurements and Main Results: Twenty-one patients were assigned to the noninvasive positive pressure ventilation group and 19 were in the control group. At study entry, the patients' characteristics in the two groups were similar. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation application decreased the respiratory rate and improved PaO2/FIO2 with time. The proportion of patients requiring intubation and the actual number of intubations in the noninvasive positive pressure ventilation group were significantly less than in the control group (one of 21 vs. seven of 19; p = .02, and one of 21 vs. four of 19; p = .04, respectively). Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation showed a trend for reducing inhospital mortality (one of 21 vs. five of 19; p = .09). The total number of organ failures in the noninvasive positive pressure ventilation group was significantly lower than in the control group (three vs. 14; p < .001). Conclusions: Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is safe for selected patients with acute lung injury. However, a larger randomized trial with need for intubation and mortality as the outcomes of interest is required.
Triggers of fear: perceptual cues versus conceptual information in spider phobia.

OBJECTIVE Fear reactions in spider-phobic patients can be activated by specific perceptual cues or by conceptual fear-related information. Matching perceptual fear cues and fear-related information were expected to result in maximal fear responses, perceptual fear cues alone in less fear, and information alone in the weakest responses. METHOD We used virtual reality to manipulate the available cues and information. Forty-eight phobic patients and 48 healthy participants were repeatedly exposed to either a perceptual cue, information, or a combination of both. RESULTS In conditions with a fear-relevant perceptual cue, phobic patients reported increased fear compared to the condition with information only. Across exposures trials, these reactions diminished. Skin conductance in phobic patients was significantly higher in the combined than in the cue or the information condition. CONCLUSIONS Perceptual cues are essential for phobic fear reactions in spider phobia. In combination with fear-relevant information, perceptual cues activate an intense and persistent fear reaction.
The Interrelated Roles of Mass Media and Social Media in Adolescents’ Development of an Objectified Self-Concept

Previous research has shown that mass media stimulate the development of an objectified self-concept. However, we know little about the role social networking sites (SNS) play in these relationships. The current longitudinal study (N = 1,041) aimed to fill this gap by studying adolescents’ frequency of SNS use in general and their use of SNS to monitor attractive peers in particular. The results showed that the use of sexualizing mass media was associated with considering the appearance ideals promoted in mass media as one’s own standards to pursue. This internalization of appearance ideals, in turn, was related to the tendency to monitor attractive peers on SNS. Both the use of SNS to monitor attractive peers and the use of sexualizing mass media stimulated self-objectification and body surveillance over time. The frequency of SNS use played a limited role in the relationship between mass media and an objectified self-concept.
Neutrophil apoptosis: A target for enhancing the resolution of inflammation

Neutrophils are essential for host defense and their programmed cell death and removal are critical for the optimal expression as well as for efficient resolution of inflammation. Delayed neutrophil apoptosis or impaired clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages contributes to the progression of chronic inflammation. Under most conditions, neutrophils are exposed to multiple factors and their fate would ultimately depend on the balance between pro‐survival and pro‐apoptotic signals. Life or death decisions are tightly controlled by a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways. Accumulating data indicate that receptors, such as the formyl peptide receptor 2/lipoxin receptor or β2‐integrins can generate contrasting cues in neutrophils in a ligand‐specific manner and suggest a hierarchy among these signals. In this article, we review recent advances on how pro‐apoptosis and pro‐survival signals interact to determine the fate of neutrophils and the inflammatory response, and highlight novel pharmacological strategies that could be used to enhance the resolution of inflammation by redirecting neutrophils to apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 1039–1046, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abnormally high serum ferritin levels among professional road cyclists

Background: An international, longitudinal medical follow up examination of male professional road cyclists revealed excessively elevated serum ferritin levels. Objective: To evaluate the importance of elevated ferritin values among professional cyclists, their relationship with age and nationality, and their evolution over 3 years. Methods: Over 1000 serum ferritin values were collected. Other parameters were included in order to exclude conditions which might have increased ferritin levels without changing body iron stores. Results: In 1999, over 45% of riders displayed ferritin values above 300 ng/ml and one fourth levels over 500 ng/ml. These percentages had decreased to 27% and 9%, respectively, 3 years later, while the overall average, which was above the normal limits in 1999, had decreased by 33% in 3 years. Older cyclists had higher ferritin values than younger cyclists. There was also a relationship between ferritin levels and the nationality of the cyclists. Analysis of 714 riders in 2000 and 2002 showed only a slight and insignificant decrease in the mean ferritin value although those with initially elevated iron stores had a much greater decrease. Conclusion: Professional road cyclists used excessive iron supplementation leading to high serum ferritin levels correlating with increased body iron stores. Although the situation progressively improved over 3 years, it remains worrying as increased body iron stores are related to health complications. Therefore, prevention in addition to the fight against doping should be a main goal of the UCI. Aggressive therapy for athletes with excessive ferritin values should be carried out at or before the end of their careers.
ActiRecognizer: Design and Implementation of a Real-Time Human Activity Recognition System

In our society, inadequate physical activity is one of severe problems issues for human health, which may increase the health risks of many diseases. Nowadays, smartphones are ubiquitous and widely used around the world, in which multi-functional sensors and wireless interfaces are embedded. Therefore, smartphone is viewed as an appropriate platform for real-time activity recognition to address these healthy problems by monitoring and detecting user's everyday activities. In this paper, unlike other wearable devices based applications (e.g., watches, bands, or clip-on devices), ActiRecognizer, a smartphone-based prototype of a real-time human activity recognition (HAR) is designed and implemented, in which a detailed activity report of individuals (i.e. a pie chart containing the proportion and duration of each activity) can be correspondingly generated based on the detected real-time activities. Specifically, ActiRecognizer adopts client/server (C/S) architecture. At client side, smartphone associated with each individual periodically uploads the accelerometer and gyroscope sensing data to server for activity recognition and monitoring. At serve side, HAR is composed of offline training phase and online activity recognition phase: in training phase, sensing data are collected to extract the desired features that can appropriately characterize behaviors, classification model is generated utilizing these features, and then the trained classification model is used to classify user activity in real time. Finally, detailed activity reports and statistics are available to the user via a secure web interface.
Study on mix proportion design of cement foam concrete

In this paper, the influence of four main factors on the compressive strength of cement-based foam concrete is studied by orthogonal test with L_9 (3 ^ 4) orthogonal table. They are the amount of foam agent, the amount of water reducing agent, the amount of foam stabilizer and the water cement ratio. The results show that the main factors affecting the 7-day compressive strength of cement-based foam concrete are: water cement ratio > foam agent content > water reducer content > foam stabilizer content. The best test mix is: water cement ratio 0.41, foam agent 0.66%, water reducer 0.20%, foam stabilizer 0.021%. Its 7-day compressive strength is 2.65 MPa, dry density is 444 kg/m^3, water absorption rate is 23%, in line with JG/T 266-2011 “foam concrete” and JGJ/T 341-2014 “foam concrete application technical specification” stipulated in the performance requirements.
Neurons and Neural Networks : Computational Models

Neural networks produce electrical activity that is generated by the biophysical properties of the constituent neurons and synapses. Mathematical equations can be used to describe the electrical activity of neurons and neural networks and the underlying biophysical properties. These equations give rise to computational models of neurons and networks that can be analysed using mathematical techniques or numerically simulated with computers.
Tumor necrosis factor-α driven inflammation in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: a new model of pathogenesis and treatment

ABSTRACT Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (AATD) has traditionally been thought of as a genetic disorder characterized by lung destruction and early emphysema in a low AAT, and high neutrophil elastase (NE) environment in the lungs of affected individuals. Recently, a growing body of evidence has emerged to support the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is essential in the pathogenesis of both genetic AATD and non-genetic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Reports have highlighted the importance of TNF-α driven immune cell dysfunction in the development of lung disease in AATD. The authors discuss the role of AAT as a key modulator of TNF-α signaling firstly in the setting of AATD and secondly in other conditions where AAT augmentation therapy has potential utility as a novel therapy.
Context-Dependent SMT Model using Bilingual Verb-Noun Collocation

In this paper, we propose a new context-dependent SMT model that is tightly coupled with a language model. It is designed to decrease the translation ambiguities and efficiently search for an optimal hypothesis by reducing the hypothesis search space. It works through reciprocal incorporation between source and target context: a source word is determined by the context of previous and corresponding target words and the next target word is predicted by the pair consisting of the previous target word and its corresponding source word. In order to alleviate the data sparseness in chunk-based translation, we take a stepwise back-off translation strategy. Moreover, in order to obtain more semantically plausible translation results, we use bilingual verb-noun collocations; these are automatically extracted by using chunk alignment and a monolingual dependency parser. As a case study, we experimented on the language pair of Japanese and Korean. As a result, we could not only reduce the search space but also improve the performance.
Some insights for the prediction of near-wall turbulence

Abstract In this paper, we revisit the eddy viscosity formulation to highlight a number of important issues that have direct implications for the prediction of near-wall turbulence. For steady wall-bounded turbulent flows, we make the equilibrium assumption between rates of production ( $P$ ) and dissipation ( $\epsilon $ ) of turbulent kinetic energy ( $k$ ) in the near-wall region to propose that the eddy viscosity should be given by ${\nu }_{t} \approx \epsilon / {S}^{2} $ , where $S$ is the mean shear rate. We then argue that the appropriate velocity scale is given by $\mathop{(S{T}_{L} )}\nolimits ^{- 1/ 2} {k}^{1/ 2} $ where ${T}_{L} = k/ \epsilon $ is the turbulence (decay) time scale. The difference between this velocity scale and the commonly assumed velocity scale of ${k}^{1/ 2} $ is subtle but the consequences are significant for near-wall effects. We then extend our discussion to show that the fundamental length and time scales that capture the near-wall behaviour in wall-bounded shear flows are the shear mixing length scale ${L}_{S} = \mathop{(\epsilon / {S}^{3} )}\nolimits ^{1/ 2} $ and the mean shear time scale $1/ S$ , respectively. With these appropriate length and time scales (or equivalently velocity and time scales), the eddy viscosity can be rewritten in the familiar form of the $k$ – $\epsilon $ model as ${\nu }_{t} = \mathop{(1/ S{T}_{L} )}\nolimits ^{2} {k}^{2} / \epsilon $ . We use the direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of turbulent channel flow of Hoyas & Jiménez (Phys. Fluids, vol. 18, 2006, 011702) and the turbulent boundary layer flow of Jiménez et al. (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 657, 2010, pp. 335–360) to perform ‘a priori’ tests to check the validity of the revised eddy viscosity formulation. The comparisons with the exact computations from the DNS data are remarkable and highlight how well the equilibrium assumption holds in the near-wall region. These findings could prove to be useful in near-wall modelling of turbulent flows.
Optical Traffic Grooming-Based Data Center Networks: Node Architecture and Comparison

With data center network traffic growing significantly, power-efficient optical and hybrid optical architectures are considered as an alternate to packet switching. Typically, hybrid optical architectures use fast optical switching elements to ensure any-to-any route reachability. In this paper, an optically groomed data center network (OGDCN) framework is proposed. The proposed framework supports any-to-any route reachability without using fast optical switching elements in the network. Different components can be combined to realize an OGDCN, as described in this paper. The framework is evaluated and compared to other architectures in terms of scalability and power consumption. A particular OGDCN realization is presented and is shown to be better than other architectures in terms of power consumption. The power consumption is lower by at least 47% than the next best existing architecture proposed in the literature.
Functional reactive programming from first principles

Functional Reactive Programming, or FRP, is a general framework for programming hybrid systems in a high-level, declarative manner. The key ideas in FRP are its notions of behaviors and events. Behaviors are time-varying, reactive values, while events are time-ordered sequences of discrete-time event occurrences. FRP is the essence of Fran, a domain-specific language embedded in Haskell for programming reactive animations, but FRP is now also being used in vision, robotics and other control systems applications. In this paper we explore the formal semantics of FRP and how itrelates to an implementation based on streams that represent (and therefore only approximate) continuous behaviors. We show that, in the limit as the sampling interval goes to zero, the implementation is faithful to the formal, continuous semantics, but only when certain constraints on behaviors are observed. We explore the nature of these constraints, which vary amongst the FRP primitives. Our results show both the power and limitations of this approach to language design and implementation. As an example of a limitation, we show that streams are incapable of representing instantaneous predicate events over behaviors.
A Narcissistic Personality Inventory

The immediate stimulus for developing a test of narcissism was the inclusion of a new category, the narcissistic personality disorder, in the diagnostic manual (DSM-111) being prepared by the American Psychiatric Association. The narcissistic personality disorder is defined by the following characteristics: ( 1 ) grandiose sense of one's self-irnportance; ( 2 ) preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, o r ideal love; ( 3 ) exhibitionism; ( 4 ) responds to criticism, indifference, or defeat either with cool indifference or with marked feelungs of rage, inferiority, shame, humiliation, o r emptiness; ( 5 ) entitlement, expecting spec~al favors without assuming reciprocal responsibilities; (6) exploitativeness; ( 7 ) relationships vacillate between the extremes of overidealization and devaluation; and ( 8 ) lack of empathy. W e made up 223 items which sampled the domain of the narcissistic personality as defined by the foregoing characteristics. Each item is a pair of statements, one narcissistic and the other nonnarcissistic. Subjects are required to check one of rhe two statements. This is an example.