Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A principal mechanism for the cancer chemopreventive activity of phenethyl isothiocyanate is modulation of carcinogen metabolism

Abstract Isothiocyanates are small molecules characterized by high chemical reactivity that allows them to interact readily with cellular constituents eliciting a plethora of biological activities. They are present exclusively in cruciferous vegetables, as glucosinolates, the intake of which has been associated with cancer chemoprevention. When the physical structure of these vegetables is disturbed, e.g. during mastication, the enzyme myrosinase is released and converts the glucosinolates to isothiocyanates (R–N=C=S), where R can be aliphatic or aromatic. Although sulforaphane, an aliphatic isothiocyanate, has received most attention worldwide, the most extensively studied aromatic isothiocyanate is phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), and there are substantial differences in biological activity between the two sub-classes. In animal cancer models, PEITC effectively antagonized the carcinogenicity of chemicals, especially nitrosocompounds. A principal mechanism of their action is to protect the integrity of DNA by decreasing the levels of the genotoxic metabolites of chemical carcinogens. Extensive studies established that PEITC modulates the metabolism of the tobacco-specific carcinogenic nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) by inhibiting its cytochrome P450-mediated bioactivation. Moreover, PEITC is a potent inducer of detoxification enzymes such as quinone reductase, glutathione S-transferase and glucuronosyl transferase. PEITC is rapidly absorbed and is characterized by a large bioavailability; Cmax concentrations achieved in plasma after dietary intake are sufficient to modulate carcinogen metabolism. PEITC is primarily metabolized by glutathione conjugation and is excreted in the urine and bile as the mercapturate. The ability of PEITC to perturb carcinogen metabolism through modulation of cytochrome P450 and phase II detoxification enzymes is comprehensively and critically reviewed.
Current control for single-phase grid-connected inverters by splitting the elements of LLCL filter

In this paper, a control strategy is applied on an LLCL filter based single-phase grid-connected voltage source inverter (VSI). This strategy includes splitting the capacitor or both capacitor and inductor on the L-C series branch of the LLCL filter into two parts and using the current flowing between the two parts as a feedback to stabilize the system. By this means, the system is simplified to a first-order one. The model of the LLCL filter based inverter is proposed and simulations of inverter with an LLCL filter based on this control strategy are conducted respectively to verify the effectiveness of the method.
Structural characterization reveals a novel bilobed architecture for the ectodomains of insect stage expressed Trypanosoma brucei PSSA‐2 and Trypanosoma congolense ISA

African trypanosomiasis, caused by parasites of the genus Trypanosoma, is a complex of devastating vector‐borne diseases of humans and livestock in sub‐Saharan Africa. Central to the pathogenesis of African trypanosomes is their transmission by the arthropod vector, Glossina spp. (tsetse fly). Intriguingly, the efficiency of parasite transmission through the vector is reduced following depletion of Trypanosoma brucei Procyclic‐Specific Surface Antigen‐2 (TbPSSA‐2). To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of TbPSSA‐2, we determined the crystal structures of its ectodomain and that of its homolog T. congolense Insect Stage Antigen (TcISA) to resolutions of 1.65 Å and 2.45 Å, respectively using single wavelength anomalous dispersion. Both proteins adopt a novel bilobed architecture with the individual lobes displaying rotational flexibility around the central tether that suggest a potential mechanism for coordinating a binding partner. In support of this hypothesis, electron density consistent with a bound peptide was observed in the inter‐lob cleft of a TcISA monomer. These first reported structures of insect stage transmembrane proteins expressed by African trypanosomes provide potentially valuable insight into the interface between parasite and tsetse vector.
CSGS: Adapting a Short Answer Scoring System for Multiple-choice Reading Comprehension Exercises

This paper describes our system submission to the CLEF Question Answering Track 2014 Entrance Exam shared task competi- tion, where the task is to correctly answer multiple choice reading com- prehension exercises. Our system is a straightforward adaptation of a model originally designed for scoring short answers given by language learners to reading comprehension questions. Our model implements a two step procedure, where both steps use the same set of metrics for evaluating similarity between pairs of input sentences/questions. In the rst step, we automatically select the sentence of the reading text that best matches the question. In the second step, the selected sentence is compared to each of the four answers, and the answer with the highest similarity score is chosen as the correct answer. Although the model has not been tuned to this specic task, we obtain scores that are compet- itive with other top-performing systems in the challenge. Additionally, we make no use of the training material but rather treat the task as one of general determination of semantic similarity between text sentences and provided answers.
Occult intraosseous fracture: Magnetic resonance appearance versus age of injury

Twenty-two cases of occult intraosseous fracture in the region of the knee are presented. Occult intraos seous fractures have been incidentally detected in the magnetic resonance (MR) evaluation of the knee in the setting of a recent physical injury and normal radio graphic studies. There is no unique mechanism of in jury, but occult intraosseous fracture presumably re sults from direct impaction or axial overloading. MR shows speckled or band-like areas of low signal in the intramedullary space of the epiphyses, and occasion ally, the adjacent metaphyses. In most cases, T2- weighted images show high signal in corresponding regions of variable size. The relative extent of high signal findings is shown to vary significantly with the age of injury. Individual variability within groups, how ever, precludes the actual prediction of lesion age on the basis of the MR appearance. Our observations provide indirect evidence that the findings on T2- weighted images resolve earlier than the corresponding findings on T1-weighted or proton density images. The primary differential diagnosis in cases of occult intraos seous fracture is stress fracture. The diagnosis of oc cult intraosseous fracture may be important in explain ing persistent pain after injury in otherwise normal knees.
Resolvase‐catalysed reactions between res sites differing in the central dinucleotide of subsite I.

The resolvase‐catalysed reaction between two res sites in a circular DNA substrate normally gives two circular recombination products linked in a two‐noded catenane. Homology between the two res sites at the central overlap dinucleotide of subsite I is important for recombination. Reactions between res sites differing at one position in the central dinucleotide (AC X AT) gave a low yield of recombinants containing mismatched base‐pairs, but gave large amounts of a non‐recombinant four‐noded knot. This result was predicted by a ‘simple rotation’ model for strand exchange. The mismatch is evidently recognized only after commitment to an initial 180 degrees rotation of the resolvase‐linked DNA ends, and it induces a second 180 degrees rotation which restores correct base‐pairing at the overlap, giving the four‐noded product. Correct base‐pairing is not essential for religation, but may be important for release of the products. Characteristic patterns of 4, 6, 8 and 10 node knots, or 4, 8, 12 and 16 node knots were obtained, depending on the reaction conditions and the resolvase. Two pathways for multiple rounds of rotation in 360 degrees steps are inferred. The results support a model for strand exchange by supercoil‐directed subunit rotation within a resolvase tetramer.
New Trends on Content-Based Recommender Systems

Recommender systems are now a familiar part of the digital landscape helping us to choose which movies to watch and books to read. They guide us about where to stay and eat when we travel. They help us to keep in touch with friends and may even influence our choice of a mate. To do this recommender systems require data. Lots of data. In the early years this data came in the form of our online transactions and item ratings. More recently recommendations have been influenced by our social networks, the connections that link us, and the things that we share with others. Today there is a new form of data that has the potential to drive recommender systems of the future: user-generated reviews. Reviews are now a routine part of how we make decisions, large and small. Most of us wouldn’t dream of booking a hotel without first checking out its reviews and companies like TripAdvisor and Yelp have build billion dollar enterprises on the opinions of millions of people. In this talk we will discuss the role of user generated reviews in a new generation of recommender systems and some of the ways that opinions can be leveraged to better understand users and generate new forms of recommendations. We will focus on how opinion mining techniques can be used to extract features and sentiment from unstructured review text and ways to use this information in recommendation ranking and explanation.
A model for the interaction of learning and evolution

We present a simple model in order to discuss the interaction of the genetic and behavioral systems throughout evolution. This considers a set of adaptive perceptrons in which some of their synapses can be updated through a learning process. This framework provides an extension of the well-known Hinton and Nowlan model by blending together some learning capability and other (rigid) genetic effects that contribute to the fitness. We find a halting effect in the evolutionary dynamics, in which the transcription of environmental data into genetic information is hindered by learning, instead of stimulated as is usually understood by the so-called Baldwin effect. The present results are discussed and compared with those reported in the literature. An interpretation is provided of the halting effect.
Follow-Me Cloud: When Cloud Services Follow Mobile Users

The trend towards the cloudification of the 3GPP LTE mobile network architecture and the emergence of federated cloud infrastructures call for alternative service delivery strategies for improved user experience and efficient resource utilization. We propose Follow-Me Cloud (FMC), a design tailored to this environment, but with a broader applicability, which allows mobile users to always be connected via the optimal data anchor and mobility gateways, while cloud-based services follow them and are delivered via the optimal service point inside the cloud infrastructure. Follow-Me Cloud applies a Markov-decision-process-based algorithm for cost-effective performance-optimized service migration decisions, while two alternative schemes to ensure service continuity and disruption-free operation are proposed, based on either software defined networking technologies or the locator/identifier separation protocol. Numerical results from our analytic model for follow-me cloud, as well as testbed experiments with the two alternative follow-me cloud implementations we have developed, demonstrate quantitatively and qualitatively the advantages it can bring about.
A new inbred Wistar-Kyoto rat substrain exhibiting apparent salt sensitivity and borderline hypertension.

The normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat strain is a traditional control for the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). We found trait differences between two inbred normotensive WKY strains, derived originally from different vendors, and compared these two strains from La Jolla-Taconic Farms (WKY/lj-tf) and La Jolla-Charles River (WKY/lj-cr) with the inbred SHR/lj-cr for cardiovascular, diurnal, and activity traits under normal and high (8%) NaCl diets. Marked genetic diversity was found between the two vendor-derived WKY. By using an extended study design and radiotelemetry, we compared WKY/lj-cr, WKY/lj-tf, and SHR/lj-cr with the following results: systolic pressure (120 +/- 1, 133 +/- 1, 168 +/- 3 mmHg, respectively); diurnal variation in heart rate (DeltaHR: 46 +/- 3, 71 +/- 4, 57 +/- 2 beats/min, respectively); and salt sensitivity of arterial pressure (Deltasystolic: 10 +/- 1, 21 +/- 1, 20 +/- 1 mmHg, respectively). The WKY/lj-tf genotype apparently results in compromised control of arterial pressure and heart rate, especially during high NaCl intake, and greater susceptibility to high pressure (i.e., high NaCl-induced secondary changes). WKY/lj-tf thus constitutes a new inbred borderline hypertensive WKY substrain offering unique opportunities for genomic studies into the development of genetic hypertension.
BRAF, KRAS and PIK3CA Mutation and Sensitivity to Trastuzumab in Breast Cancer Cell Line Model

Studies show that approximately 20% of all breast cancer patients have a breast tumor that tests positive for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2, otherwise known as the HER2 gene. As such, treatments for breast cancer usually include drugs that target HER2. The drug Trastuzumab is a recombinant antibody that has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of these HER2 positive breast cancers. However, researchers have found that mutations in associated genes, PIK3CA and KRAS, can cause the tumor to become resistant to Trastuzumab. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the sensitivity of the cancer cell lines to the drug Trastuzumab and investigate how this sensitivity is compromised by the PIK3CA, KRAS and BRAF gene mutations. Trastuzumab responsiveness was evaluated in breast cancer cell lines by treating the lines with an optimal concentration of the drug followed by a proliferation assay of the cell lines in the presence of monoclonal antibodies. We determined the optimum concentration of Trastuzumab to be 7 μg/well. The BRAF and KRAS mutated cell line, MDA-MB-231, showed the least sensitivity after being treated with trastuzumab when compared to the sensitivity of the PIK3CA mutated cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-361, and the KRAS/ BRAF/ PIK3CA cell line, MDA-MB-453. Clinical observations show that mutations in BRAF and KRAS genes in breast cancer cells do lower the responsiveness of Trastuzumab drug treatments.
Inspecting the performance of packet schedulers over a large-scale OpenFlow-based network

Owing to the demand of high performance computing applications, network throughput becomes a critical bottleneck when data are stored in high I/O performance storage devices, such as non-volatile memory, solid-state disk, and RAM-based disk. To increase network throughput, a brand new technology called Software-defined networking (SDN) has been proposed for high bandwidth applications. Many data centers therefore upgrade their network infrastructures to support the SDN technology. However, the best performance of the SDN technology only can be gained when the SDN system employs an appropriate packet-flow scheduler to serve the applications in the SDN environment. Finding the best settings of the packet-flow scheduler in the SDN environment, this study constructs a large-scale test-bed to simulate the packet flow in the SDN environment. In the test-bed, we investigate the capability of a packet-flow scheduler in the SDN controller while the scheduler employs different scheduling algorithms under different network workloads. The experimental results suggest what kind of scheduling algorithms should be utilized under the network workloads.
Application of parallel distributed genetics-based machine learning to imbalanced data sets

Real world data sets are often imbalanced with respect to the class distribution. Classifier design from those data sets is relatively new challenge. The main problem is the lack of positive class patterns in the data sets. To deal with this problem, there are two main approaches. One is to additionally sample minority class patterns (i.e., over-sampling). The other is to sample a part of majority class patterns (i.e., under-sampling). In our previous research, we have proposed a parallel distributed genetics-based machine learning for large data sets. In our method, not only a population but also a training data set is divided into subgroups, respectively. A pair of a sub-population and a training data subset is assigned to an individual CPU core in order to reduce the computation time. In this paper, our parallel distributed approach is applied to imbalanced data sets. The training data subsets are constructed by a composition of subsets divided majority class patterns with the entire set of non-divided minority class patterns. Through computational experiments, we show the effectiveness of our parallel distributed approach with the proposed data subdivision schemes for imbalanced data sets.
Modellbasierte Anforderungserfassung für softwarebasierte Regelungen

Regelungstechnik und Softwaretechnik haben sich uber lange Zeit getrennt voneinander entwickelt. Aber immer haufiger werden heute Reglerfunktionen, etwa im Fahrzeug, in Software realisiert. Im Projekt ZAMOMO wird versucht, die immer noch getrennten Entwicklungsprozesse besser miteinander zu verzahnen. In diesem Beitrag wird dazu ein zielorientiertes Rahmenwerk zur Erfassung von Anforderungen aus der Softwaretechnik, i*, auf seine Eignung fur die Erfassung regelungstechnischer Probleme untersucht. Des Weiteren werden resultierende Herausforderungen fur die Werkzeugunterstutzung diskutiert. Insgesamt ermoglicht der Ansatz, die bereits weitreichend modellbasierte Reglerentwicklung auch in der Anforderungserfassung modellbasiert zu unterstutzen und zugleich den Weg fur eine gemeinsame Betrachtung regelungstechnischer und softwaretechnischer Anforderungen zu ebnen.
Lead distributions and risks in New Orleans following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita

During the last four years, significant effort has been devoted to understanding the effects that Hurricanes Katrina and Rita had on contaminant distribution and redistribution in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, and the surrounding Gulf Coast area. Elevated concentrations were found for inorganic contaminants (including As, Fe, Pb, and V), several organic pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and volatiles) and high concentration of bioaerosols, particularly Aeromonas and Vibrio. Data from different research groups confirm that some contaminant concentrations are elevated, that existing concentrations are similar to historical data, and that contaminants such as Pb and As may pose human health risks. Two data sets have been compiled in this article to serve as the foundation for preliminary risk assessments within greater New Orleans. Research from the present study suggests that children in highly contaminated areas of New Orleans may experience Pb exposure from soil ranging from 1.37 µg/d to 102 µg/d. These data are critical in the evaluation of children's health. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1429–1437. © 2010 SETAC
Context Forest for Object Class Detection

We present Context Forest (ConF) — a technique for predicting properties of the objects in an image based on its global appearance. Compared to standard nearest-neighbour techniques, ConF is more accurate, fast and memory efﬁcient. We demonstrate ConF by predicting three properties: aspects of appearance, location in the image, and class membership. In extensive experiments we show that (i) ConF can automatically select which components of a multi-component detector to run on a given test image, obtaining a considerable speed-up for detectors trained from large sets (10 × for EE-SVMs [36] and 2 × for DPM [21]); (ii) ConF can improve object detection performance by removing false positive detections at unlikely locations (+2% mAP), and by (iii) removing false positives produced by classes unlikely to be present in the image (+5% mAP on a 200-class dataset [2]).
Volumetric estimates of ancient water on Mount Sharp based on boxwork deposits, Gale Crater, Mars

While the presence of water on the surface of early Mars is now well known, the volume, distribution, duration, and timing of the liquid water have proven difficult to determine. This study makes use of a distinctive boxwork‐rich sedimentary layer on Mount Sharp to map fluid‐based cementation from orbital imagery and estimate the minimum volume of water present when this sedimentary interval was formed. The boxwork structures on Mount Sharp are decameter‐scale light‐toned polygonal ridges that are unique compared to previous observations of Martian fractured terrain because they are parallel‐sided ridges with dark central linear depressions. This texture and the sedimentary setting strongly imply that the ridges are early diagenetic features formed in the subsurface phreatic groundwater zone. High‐resolution orbital imagery was used to map the volume of light‐toned cemented ridges. Based on the cemented volume, a minimum of 5.25 × 105 m3 of cement was deposited within the fractures. Using a brine composition based on observations of other Martian cements and modeling the degree of evaporation, each volume of cement requires 800–6700 pore volumes of water, so the mapped boxwork ridge cements require a minimum of 0.43 km3 of water. This is a significant amount of groundwater that must have been present at the −3620 m level, 1050 m above the current floor of Gale Crater, providing both a new constraint on the possible origins of Mount Sharp and a possible future science target for the Curiosity rover where large volumes of water were present, and early mineralization could have preserved a once‐habitable environment.
Functional Requirement of Noncoding Y RNAs for Human Chromosomal DNA Replication

ABSTRACT Noncoding RNAs are recognized increasingly as important regulators of fundamental biological processes, such as gene expression and development, in eukaryotes. We report here the identification and functional characterization of the small noncoding human Y RNAs (hY RNAs) as novel factors for chromosomal DNA replication in a human cell-free system. In addition to protein fractions, hY RNAs are essential for the establishment of active chromosomal DNA replication forks in template nuclei isolated from late-G1-phase human cells. Specific degradation of hY RNAs leads to the inhibition of semiconservative DNA replication in late-G1-phase template nuclei. This inhibition is negated by resupplementation of hY RNAs. All four hY RNAs (hY1, hY3, hY4, and hY5) can functionally substitute for each other in this system. Mutagenesis of hY1 RNA showed that the binding site for Ro60 protein, which is required for Ro RNP assembly, is not essential for DNA replication. Degradation of hY1 RNA in asynchronously proliferating HeLa cells by RNA interference reduced the percentages of cells incorporating bromodeoxyuridine in vivo. These experiments implicate a functional role for hY RNAs in human chromosomal DNA replication.