Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network in the loop using HLA, distributed OPNET simulations, and 3D visualizations

Networks are playing an ever-increasing role in our world. Network size and capacity continues to increase, and consequently, become more complicated. They become so large, in fact, that the only viable test method is to use a modeling and simulation approach to analyze the effects that various inputs have on network performance, e.g., network traffic, weather effects, etc. While this may work well, it is still only an approximation to the true performance. Only a real network, with real hardware will provide real results. General Dynamics C4 Systems has been working collaboratively with the U.S. Army's CERDEC on a network in the loop architecture to combine a real network with a simulated one. This will allow a real network to be fully integrated with a simulated network such that any and all simulated nodes will pass a Turing test with respect to the real nodes. The proposed network in the loop implementation, while effective, is only proof-of-concept, handling only ICMP messages. Using OPNET Modeler 10.5, a successful implementation is demonstrated by means of passing a Turing test. This allows for multiple simulation subnets to interact with a real network. HLA 1.3 is used as a means for converting between IP traffic and simulated IP traffic. Furthermore, a 3D visualization of the entire network has been developed representing both real and simulated nodes, including effects on their communications. Future improvements may include streaming data between real and simulated nodes, full TCP and UDP traffic, and multiple routing protocol interaction
Testing embedded cores using partial isolation rings

Intellectual property cores pose a significant test challenge. The core supplier may not give any information about the internal logic of the core, but simply provide a set of test vectors for the core which guarantees a particular fault coverage. If the core is embedded within a larger design, then the problem is how to apply the specified test vectors to the core and how to test the user-defined logic around the core. A simple and fast solution is to place a full isolation ring (i.e., boundary scan) around the core, however, the area and performance overhead for this may not be acceptable in many applications. This paper presents a systematic method for designing a partial isolation ring that provides the same fault coverage as a full isolation ring, but avoids adding MUXes on critical timing paths and reduces area overhead. Efficient ATPG techniques are used to analyze the user-defined logic surrounding the core and identify a maximal set of core inputs and outputs (that includes the critical timing paths) that do not need to be included in the partial isolation ring. Several different partial isolation ring selection strategies that vary in computational complexity are described. Experimental results are shown comparing the different strategies.
Words Make a Difference: The Effects of Greco-Latinate and Anglo-Saxon Lexical variation on College Writing Instructors

This study examined several questions. What effect does lexicon have on instructors' assessments of student writing? Do composition instructors favor writing with highly Latinate or highly Germanic vocabularies, or a blend of the two, and why? Part of the composing process involves choosing between synonymic pairs, one drawn from Greco-Latin sources, the other from Anglo-Saxon. On that basis, one might ask, does a teacher assign a higher grade to the student who writes "protrude" rather than "stick out"? The study involved 90 post-secondary writing instructors and their rankings of 9 student essays. The essays were varied to create 3 versions: a highly GrecoLatinate, a highly Anglo-Saxon, and a blended version. The rankings yielded 20 instructors who were particularly sensitive to vocabulary when assessing writing. Although a majority of the 20 vocabulary-sensitive instructors gave their highest rankings to blended texts, a goodly number favored the extremes. The instructors in this smaller group who favored the Anglo-Saxon texts were veteran teachers of writing, averaging 23 A years' experience. In contrast, the instructors who favored the GrecoLatinate texts were novices at teaching writing, averaging just nine months' experience. Moreover, interviews revealed that word choice is complex and idiosyncratic, resting on at least one of five lexical principles: 1) precision, 2) economy, 3) familiarity, 4) poetics, or 5) prestige. The study's results raise questions about assessment practices, teaching methods, and possible effects on students who are exposed to teachers who variously favor a Greco-Latinate or an Anglo-Saxon vocabulary in essay writing. Vocabulary has for the most part been overlooked as an area of composition research at the post-secondary level. Even Hillocks' (1986) thoroughgoing meta-analysis of composition research, as Stotsky (1988) pointed out, neglects all mention of lexical studies, not even listing "vocabulary," "lexicon," or even "word" as index entries. This neglect seems strange when one considers the history of the English lexicon. Affected by the Norman Conquest and the Renaissance, the lexicon of English became a hybrid of two codes, often distinguished today as two
Miniaturized broadband planar feeding systems for circularly polarized antennas

This article focuses on the design of miniaturized broadband planar feeding systems for circularly polarized antennas. Four probe antenna geometries have been selected to achieve high bandwidth and axial ratio beamwidth (AR &#60; 3 dB). The required feeding circuits include one input and four outputs having equal magnitude and 90° phase difference. The performance of the planar circuits as well as the overall antenna systems is presented. Bandwidths in the range of 30% to 50% are demonstrated.
Chicken Type Genes within a Subregion of the Motif , C-Type Lectin , and Ig Superfamily Extended Gene Map Reveals Tripartite

MHC haplotypes have a remarkable inﬂuence on whether tumors form following infection of chickens with oncogenic Marek’s disease herpesvirus. Although resistance to tumor formation has been mapped to a subregion of the chicken MHC-B region, the gene or genes responsible have not been identiﬁed. A full gene map of the subregion has been lacking. We have expanded the MHC-B region gene map beyond the 92-kb core previously reported for another haplotype revealing the presence of 46 genes within 242 kb in the Red Jungle Fowl haplotype. Even though MHC-B is structured differently, many of the newly revealed genes are related to loci typical of the MHC in other species. Other MHC-B loci are homologs of genes found within MHC paralogous regions (regions thought to be derived from ancient duplications of a primordial immune defense complex where genes have undergone differential silencing over evolutionary time) on other chromosomes. Still others are similar to genes that deﬁne the NK complex in mammals. Many of the newly mapped genes display allelic variability and fall within the MHC-B subregion previously shown to affect the formation of Marek’s disease tumors and hence are candidates for genes conferring resistance. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 178: 7162–7172.
The Galaxy and its stellar halo - insights from a hybrid cosmological approach

Abstract We use a series of high-resolution N-body simulations of a ‘Milky-Way’ halo, coupled to semi-analytic techniques, to study the formation of our own Galaxy and of its stellar halo. Our model Milky Way galaxy is a relatively young system whose physical properties are in quite good agreement with observational determinations. In our model, the stellar halo is mainly formed from a few massive satellites accreted early on during the galaxy's lifetime. The stars in the halo do not exhibit any metallicity gradient, but higher metallicity stars are more centrally concentrated than stars with lower abundances. This is due to the fact that the most massive satellites contributing to the stellar halo are also more metal rich, and dynamical friction drags them closer to the inner regions of the host halo.
Mid-Infrared and Submillimeter Observations of the Illuminating Source of MCNeil’s Variable Nebula

We present post-outburst observations of the mid-infrared spectrum and submillimeter continuum of the illuminating source of the newly discovered McNeil's Nebula in the L1630 region of Orion. The 12 μm flux of this source has increased by a factor of ~25 after the outburst, whereas the submillimeter continuum remains at its pre-outburst level. The bolometric luminosity has increased by at least an order of magnitude, to ~34 L☉, and is likely less than 90 L☉. The mid-infrared spectrum exhibits a strong and red continuum with no emission or absorption features. The infrared slope of the spectral energy distribution identifies the illuminating source as a flat-spectrum protostar, in both its active and quiescent states. New CO spectral line observations show no evidence of a molecular outflow.
RON12, a novel Plasmodium-specific rhoptry neck protein important for parasite proliferation

Apicomplexan parasites invade host cells by a conserved mechanism: parasite proteins are secreted from apical organelles, anchored in the host cell plasma membrane, and then interact with integral membrane proteins on the zoite surface to form the moving junction (MJ). The junction moves from the anterior to the posterior of the parasite resulting in parasite internalization into the host cell within a parasitophorous vacuole (PV). Conserved as well as coccidia‐unique rhoptry neck proteins (RONs) have been described, some of which associate with the MJ. Here we report a novel RON, which we call RON12. RON12 is found only in Plasmodium and is highly conserved across the genus. RON12 lacks a membrane anchor and is a major soluble component of the nascent PV. The bulk of RON12 secretion happens late during invasion (after parasite internalization) allowing accumulation in the fully formed PV with a small proportion of RON12 also apparent occasionally in structures resembling the MJ. RON12, unlike most other RONs is not essential, but deletion of the gene does affect parasite proliferation. The data suggest that although the overall mechanism of invasion by Apicomplexanparasites is conserved, additional components depending on the parasite–host cell combination are required.
Visual scene analysis using relaxation labeling and Embedded Hidden Markov Models for map-based robot navigation

A scheme for extracting environment features and performing their interpretation from visual data for mobile robot navigation is presented. Each frame of the low rate image stream acquired by the robot is processed as a separate image. Segmentation of the image is done using a graph-based approach in order to select the regions of interest (ROIs) of the visual scene. ROIs are processed to extract the edges of the objects using relaxation labeling. The obtained image is analyzed using a machine learning approach based on embedded HMMs. Experimental results are presented for an office environment.
Complex regional pain syndrome

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) presents with clinical symptoms that can no longer be explained by the initial trauma, including pain, sensory, motor, and trophic symptoms, and impairment of autonomic control of the limb. These symptoms spread distally and go beyond single nerve innervation territories. Typically, the symptoms change through the course of CRPS as a result of the varying pathophysiology. Diagnosis is made clinically after the rigorous elimination of other possible causes, and 3-phase bone scintigraphy can be a useful tool for confirming CRPS. In acute stages, inflammatory symptoms prevail and should be treated with anti-inflammatory agents (steroids), bisphosphonates, or topical application of dimethyl sulfoxide. In chronic stages, many symptoms are related to so-called central neuroplasticity; these include hyperalgesia, sensory loss, motor symptoms, body perception disturbance, autonomic symptoms, and learned incorrect behavior such as nonuse. At this stage, the only medical treatment that is effective against pain without improving the function is ketamine infusions, but this has side effects. Physical therapy, graded motor imagery, and pain exposure/graded exposure in vivo therapy can help to overcome central reorganization. If a relevant mental comorbidity is present, the patient should be referred for psychotherapeutic treatment. Invasive treatment should be restricted to special cases and only offered after psychosomatic assessment. If these recommendations are followed, CRPS prognosis is not as poor as commonly assumed. Whether the patients can return to their previous life depends on particular individual factors.
Reprints Available Directly from the Publisher Photocopying Permitted by License Only Euro-collins Solution versus Uw-solution for Long-term Liver Preservation in the Isolated Rat-liver Perfusion Model

To compare UW-solution (UW) and Euro-Collins (EC) for long-term liver preservation we investigated the morphology and metabolic capacity of rat liver after 18 and 42-hours cold-storage in either UW or EC. After harvesting the rat liver was transferred to a perfusion chamber where it was perfused for 10 min with UW or EC at 4C. Thereafter livers were stored at 4C in UW or EC for 18 hours (both groups n 6) or for 42 hours (both groups n 8). After 18-hr or 42-hr cold-storage a 2-hr warm perfusion (37C) was started with Krebs-Ringer solution with carbogen to which 125Iodine-triiodothyronine (T3) was added. Control livers (n 8) were immediately perfused with Krebs-Ringer without cold-storage. The following parameters were assessed: ASAT-levels in the perfusate, T3-metabolites in the bile and the perfusate, the perfusion pressure, the volume of bile secreted and light-microscopical morphology at the end of the warm perfusion period. After cold storage in UW-solution the ASAT-levels in the perfusate were lower than after storage in EC as well as the perfusion pressures. These livers demonstrated a better T3-metabolism and secreted more bile than EC-stored livers. Histological examination showed more tissue damage in the EC-stored livers than in the UW stored livers. We conclude that cold-storage of rat liver in UW-solution resulted in a better morphology and metabolic capacity as compared with EC-solution.
Energy harvesting for wireless sensor networks: applications and challenges in smart grid

The electric power grid is experiencing a transformation to the smart grid. One crucial step for this evolution is to establish a nationwide digital communication system which enables pervasive control and real-time monitoring of the power grid. Considering the large geographically spread characteristics of the power grid, a wireless sensor network is an ideal candidate for distributed monitoring and control. However, battery-powered sensors have a limited lifetime and the maintenance is expensive due to battery replacement. Thus, energy harvesting from different sources offers an alternative solution. This paper provides a detailed survey of recent energy harvesting technologies in wireless sensor networks. Various energy sources and their harvesting methods are reviewed. This paper also addresses the applications and challenges caused by energy harvesting in the smart grid environment. Our study shows that electromagnetic field-based harvesting approaches and other ambient energy are potential solutions to powering the sensors in smart grid.
Indications for biopsy and the current status of focal therapy for renal tumours

The increased detection of small renal masses (SRMs) has focused attention on their uncertain natural history. The development of treatment alternatives and the discovery of biologically targeted drugs have also raised interest. Renal mass biopsies (RMBs) have a crucial role as they provide the pathological, molecular and genetic information needed to classify these lesions and guide clinical management. The improved accuracy has improved our knowledge of the behaviour of different tumour histologies and opened the potential for risk-adapted individualized treatment approaches. To date, studies have demonstrated that percutaneous ablation is an effective therapy with acceptable outcomes and low risk in the appropriate clinical setting. Although partial nephrectomy (PN) is still considered the standard treatment for SRM, percutaneous ablation is increasingly being performed and if long-term efficacy is sustained, it may have a wider application for SRMs after biopsy characterization.
Blood Pressure Response to Strength Training May Be Influenced by Angiotensinogen A–20C and Angiotensin II Type I Receptor A1166C Genotypes in Older Men and Women

Objectives: To determine the influence of angiotensinogen (AGT) A–20C, M235 T, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) A1166C genotypes on resting blood pressure (BP) response to strength training (ST) in older men and women.
Energy Optimization in Dense OFDM Networks

Network densification is a promising technology to increase 5G system capacity. Energy saving and resource utility are the key issues for the densified OFDM systems. In contrast with the conventional energy optimization problem for MIMO-OFDM system, we use a more realistic model for SINR by considering the load factor of OFDM systems, which makes the energy optimization problem very difficult to solve. First, we show that for single-antenna scenario, this problem can be transformed into a convex problem, which can be solved more efficiently comparing with the existing methods. Next, for the more complex multiple-antenna scenario, we derive a successively convex program method to obtain the KKT point of this problem. Simulation shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis

The levels of antibodies to cardiolipin and β2-glycoprotein I and polymorphic variants G1691A of Factor V (factor V Leiden, FVL) and G20210A of prothrombin gene (G20210A) were studied in 16 patients with upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT). Most of patients with this syndrome have elevated values of these antibodies. Two of these patients are heterozygous carriers for G20210A and 1 – for FVL. Three patients with UEDVT and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are positive for ANA and two others (one of them with Raynaud syndrome) have border line titre 1: 80 for ANA. All 3 patients with SLE are women and the interval between the development of the UEDVT and the onset of SLE was 1-4 years. We would like to suggest that: 1) UEDVT could be the first clinical symptom of Antiphospholipid syndrome, and 2) UEDVT may be the first clinical manifestation of SLE preceding the development of the systemic autoimmune disease by several years.
Effects of multipath fading on BER statistics in cellular CDMA networks with fast power control

An analytical approach for the calculation of the bit error rate statistics in a cellular code-division multiple access system with imperfect fast power control is presented. Usually, imperfections in power control after despreading are modeled as a lognormal random variable. It has been shown that, in a fading channel, the standard deviation of this variable is a function of whether or not the mobile is communicating with the base station where the power is measured. We show that when this fact is not taken into account the results obtained are too optimistic.
Urea kinetics of a carnivore, Felis silvestris catus

The effect of two levels of dietary protein energy, moderate (20 %; MP) and high (70 %; HP), on urea kinetics in eleven domestic cats was studied. After a 3-week prefeed, a single dose of [15N15N]urea was administered, and urine and faeces collected over the subsequent 5 d. For each 24 h period, total urea and enrichment of [15N15N]- and [15N14N]urea in urine were determined, and a model applied to calculate urea production, entry into the gastrointestinal tract, recycling to urine or faeces and, by difference, retention by the body and potentially available for anabolism. Urea production and excretion increased with dietary protein level (P<0·05). Most of the urea produced was excreted, with only a small proportion entering the gut, and with the pattern of urea disposal not significantly different between the HP and MP diets. Thus, the percentages of urea production available to the gut were 15 % (MP) and 12 % (HP), of which 57 % (MP) and 59 % (HP) was recycled in the ornithine cycle, 40 % (MP and HP) was potentially available for anabolism and the rest lost as faecal N. As a percentage of urea produced the amount potentially available for anabolism was very low at 6·41 % (MP diet) and 4·79 % (HP diet). In absolute terms urea entering the gut, being recycled in the ornithine cycle and potentially available for anabolism was significantly higher on the HP diet (P<0·05). These results show that cats operate urea turnover, but at a lower rate, and with less nutritional sensitivity than has been reported for other species.
Distinct regions of the cerebellum show gray matter decreases in autism, ADHD, and developmental dyslexia

Differences in cerebellar structure have been identified in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and developmental dyslexia. However, it is not clear if different cerebellar regions are involved in each disorder, and thus whether cerebellar anatomical differences reflect a generic developmental vulnerability or disorder-specific characteristics. To clarify this, we conducted an anatomic likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis on voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies which compared ASD (17 studies), ADHD (10 studies), and dyslexic (10 studies) participants with age-matched typically-developing (TD) controls. A second ALE analysis included studies in which the cerebellum was a region of interest (ROI). There were no regions of significantly increased gray matter (GM) in the cerebellum in ASD, ADHD, or dyslexia. Data from ASD studies revealed reduced GM in the inferior cerebellar vermis (lobule IX), left lobule VIIIB, and right Crus I. In ADHD, significantly decreased GM was found bilaterally in lobule IX, whereas participants with developmental dyslexia showed GM decreases in left lobule VI. There was no overlap between the cerebellar clusters identified in each disorder. We evaluated the functional significance of the regions revealed in both whole-brain and cerebellar ROI ALE analyses using Buckner and colleagues' 7-network functional connectivity map available in the SUIT cerebellar atlas. The cerebellar regions identified in ASD showed functional connectivity with frontoparietal, default mode, somatomotor, and limbic networks; in ADHD, the clusters were part of dorsal and ventral attention networks; and in dyslexia, the clusters involved ventral attention, frontoparietal, and default mode networks. The results suggest that different cerebellar regions are affected in ASD, ADHD, and dyslexia, and these cerebellar regions participate in functional networks that are consistent with the characteristic symptoms of each disorder.
Scale detection for a priori gesture recognition

Gesture-based interfaces provide expert users with an efficient form of interaction but they require a learning effort for novice users. To address this problem, some on-line guiding techniques display all available gestures in response to partial input. However, partial input recognition algorithms are scale dependent while most gesture recognizers support scale independence (i.e., the same shape at different scales actually invokes the same command). We propose an algorithm for estimating the scale of any partial input in the context of a gesture recognition system and illustrate how it can be used to improve users' experience with gesture-based systems.