Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Test-based risk assessment and security certification proposal for the Internet of Things

This work provides a design of a certification methodology for IoT, paying attention to the test-based risk assessment phase to empower testers with the ability to assess security solutions for large-scale IoT deployments. The resulting approach is an instantiation of the Risk-based Security Assessment presented by ETSI based on the ISO 31000, and it is built on top of different technologies and approaches for security testing and risk assessment adapted to the IoT landscape. The proposed methodology is intended to be used for the different experiments that are proposed in the scope of the ARMOUR project for assessing the fulfilment of several security aspects. It is expected to be used as a baseline to build a new security certification and labelling approach for IoT devices.
The Response of Real Exchange Rates to Various Economic Shocks

Substantial fluctuations in real exchange rates, i.e., deviations from purchasing power parity (PPP), which closely mirror movements in nominal rates, have been one of the most notable international economic events since the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system. Dornbusch's disequilibrium theory [9], which presumes different speeds of adjustment in assets and goods markets, offers an explanation for temporary deviations from PPP only. Models assuming PPP as a long-run relationship have not been successful in interpreting the movements of the real exchange rates. Although, studies conducted for countries experiencing high or hyper-inflation provide evidence favoring PPP [42; 30; 29], the empirical evidence on PPP for industrialized, low inflation countries is not generally favorable.1 This is consistent with the view that PPP may hold better in high-inflation countries where the disturbances to their economies are mostly monetary in origin [31, 123-24], but PPP may not hold well when the real disturbances, which change equilibrium relative prices, dominate. Statistical evidence indicates that the real exchange rates of many countries are likely to be nonstationary or have long memory. That is, changes in the real values of many currencies tend to persist for very long period of time. This persistence implies that fluctuations in the real exchange rates are largely due to long-lasting effect of real disturbances. After revealing that "PPP does not hold as a long-run concept" for several exchange rates, Flynn and Boucher [12, 121] suggest that "One possible explanation . is that there are time-varying real factors that are omitted from the PPP relationship. " There are several well-established reasons why the real exchange rates may change in response to real disturbances. In the first place, permanent exogenous shocks to the tradable sector of the economy call for changes in competitiveness. For instance, a rise in the real price of oil will worsen the balance of trade position of a net oil-importing country and, therefore, call for a real depreciation of the currency of the country in order to improve its competitive position [32]. Second, when countries are growing at different rates, "productivity bias" will typically result in
Survey: Techniques Of Data Mining For Clinical Decision Support System

Clinical decision support system, which uses advanced data mining techniques access as well store data on server. The advantages of clinical decision support system include not only providing diagnosis accuracy but also minimize diagnosis time . Typically, with large amounts of clinical data generated every day, naive Bayesian classification can be utilized to formed valuable information to improve clinical decision support system. The Clinical Decision support system is very flourishing but it also having some critical problems. I propose a new privacy-preserving patient-centric clinical decision support system, which helps clinician complementary to diagnose the risk of patients’ disease in a privacy-preserving way. Also , the past patients’ historical data are stored in cloud and can be used to train the naive Bayesian classifier without leaking any individual patient medical data, and then the trained classifier can be applied to determine the disease risk for new coming patients and top-k disease names are also extracted from their according to the own preferences, which is provided for protecting the privacy of past patients’ historical data, a new cryptographic tool called additive homomorphism proxy aggregation scheme is designed. Moreover, to leverage the leakage of na¨ive Bayesian classifier, we introduce a privacy-preserving top-k disease names retrieval protocol in our system. The privacy analysis gives security t the patient information and will not be leaked out at the time of disease diagnosis phase. This can be concluding that our system can efficiently calculate patient’s disease risk with high accuracy in a privacy-preserving way.
Role of Raf in Vascular Protection from Distinct Apoptotic Stimuli

Raf kinases have been linked to endothelial cell survival. Here, we show that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) differentially activate Raf, resulting in protection from distinct pathways of apoptosis in human endothelial cells and chick embryo vasculature. bFGF activated Raf-1 via p21-activated protein kinase–1 (PAK-1) phosphorylation of serines 338 and 339, resulting in Raf-1 mitochondrial translocation and endothelial cell protection from the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, independent of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase–1 (MEK1). In contrast, VEGF activated Raf-1 via Src kinase, leading to phosphorylation of tyrosines 340 and 341 and MEK1-dependent protection from extrinsic-mediated apoptosis. These findings implicate Raf-1 as a pivotal regulator of endothelial cell survival during angiogenesis.
Leveraging attention focus for effective reinforcement learning in complex domains

IONS FOR REINFORCEMENT LEARNING Abstraction is one of the most common ways of scaling up reinforcement learning, along with function approximation and often overlapping with it. There is a rich and varied literature on the topic, going from state-space abstractions that clump similar states together to hierarchical approaches that define either temporally-extended actions or task subdivisions. This chapter reviews previous RL abstraction approaches so we can later position our attention focus algorithms with respect to the existing literature.ion is one of the most common ways of scaling up reinforcement learning, along with function approximation and often overlapping with it. There is a rich and varied literature on the topic, going from state-space abstractions that clump similar states together to hierarchical approaches that define either temporally-extended actions or task subdivisions. This chapter reviews previous RL abstraction approaches so we can later position our attention focus algorithms with respect to the existing literature. 4.1 Hierarchical Abstractions Hierarchical RL attacks a learning problem by dividing it into different levels of complexity. To this end, the MDP is partially or completely divided into different subtasks that are easier to solve, and a higher-level process controls which subtask should be carried out at each moment. For example, an autonomous indoor vacuum cleaner could define subtasks such as go to next room and clean current room, and each subtask would be defined in terms of primitive actions: move forward, turn, suck dirt, etc. MAXQ [17] is one of the best known hierarchical RL algorithms. In MAXQ, a system designer engineers a task hierarchy, and decomposes the reward to indicate which levels of the hierarchy are potentially responsible for the reward. MAXQ cannot find globally optimal policies, but hierarchically optimal ones, this is, the best policies that are consistent with the imposed hierarchy. However, it can speed up learning significantly by dramatically reducing the complexity of the policy that must be learned at each level of the hierarchy. HEXQ [31] extends MAXQ by using a heuristic,
Reduced oxidative function in gingival crevicular neutrophils in periodontal disease

Measurable amounts of viable and functional polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are recovered from pooled washings of the gingival crevice of healthy individuals. In the present study, we have assessed the ability of the PMNs removed from single healthy or diseased pocket sites to mount an oxidative burst when challenged with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and compared these activities with each other and with those obtained with autologous peripheral-blood PMNs. The oxidative burst after PMA stimulation was evaluated by using methods developed for the flow cytometer. The results showed that the PMNs collected from untreated disease sites were minimally responsive to PMA when compared with peripheral-blood PMNs collected at the same time from the same individual. Thus, whereas the peripheral-blood PMNs exhibited significantly lower resting oxidative product formation and a 500% increase when stimulated with PMA, all gingival-crevicular PMNs exhibited significantly higher resting formation of oxidized products but only a 150% increase after PMA stimulation. PMNs obtained from a consistently healthy site had significantly higher resting production of oxidized products and were able to mount the greatest absolute increase in oxidized products after PMA stimulation when compared with PMNs collected from diseases sites. Mechanical debridement of these diseased sites, which both reduced the bacterial numbers and restored clinical health, resulted in the recovery of gingival-crevicular PMNs that exhibited an oxidative burst more typical of that observed in PMNs obtained from healthy gingival sites and from the peripheral blood. This suggested that the PMNs collected from the diseased sites either had been exhausted by the large numbers of bacteria present in these sites or had been specifically inhibited by these bacteria.
Insight into the binding mode of a novel LSD1 inhibitor by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations

Abstract Lysine-specific demethylase (LSD1) is an important enzyme for histone lysine methylation. Downregulated LSD1 expression has been linked to cancer proliferation, migration and invasion, indicating that it is an important target for anti-cancer medication. In the present study, the binding modes of a recent reported new series of LSD1 inhibitor were analyzed by using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. A binding mode of these inhibitors was proposed based on the results. According to this binding mode, Thr628 can form two important hydrogen bonds with these inhibitors. Moreover, if the inhibitors can form an additional hydrogen bond with hydroxyl group of Ser289, the potency of the inhibitor can be greatly improved, such as the best inhibitor (compound 12d) in this series. Hydrophobic interactions between the inhibitors and LSD1 are also key contributor here, such as the interaction between the hydrophobic groups (benzene rings) of the inhibitors and the hydrophobic residues of LSD1 (including Val288, Val317, Val811, Ala814, Leu659, Trp751 and Tyr761). Based on the results and analysis, it may provide some useful information for future novel LSD1 inhibitor design.
Dietary Inflammatory Index and its Association with the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome, and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Findings from previous studies on the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the risk of chronic diseases and mortality have been inconsistent. We aimed to summarize studies on the association of the DII and the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and mortality in a systematic review and meta-analysis. We performed a systematic search in PubMed/Medline, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases for relevant studies written in English and published until 31 December 2017. Studies that reported the relative risk (RR), odd ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) for the most pro-inflammatory versus the most anti-inflammatory diets were included. Finally, 17 studies [CVD (n=6), MetS (n=5), mortality (n=6)] were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. Findings indicated a trend toward a positive relationship between the DII and the risk for CVD (pooled RR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.60; I2: 28.6%, p=0.21), all-cause mortality (pooled HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.35; I2: 72.6%, p=0.003), CVD mortality (pooled HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.57; I2: 74.0%, p=0.009) and cancer mortality (pooled HR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.53; I2: 62.5%, p=0.03). However, no significant association was found between the DII and the risk for MetS (pooled RR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.24; I2: 32.6%, p=0.20). Although in the current meta-analysis the most pro-inflammatory diet versus the most anti-inflammatory diet was not associated with the risk of MetS, we observed a substantial association between the DII and the risk for CVD and all types of mortality. However, further cohort studies in different populations are needed to clarify this association.
A Hebrew adaptation of the tinnitus handicap inventory

Abstract Objective: To establish a Hebrew version of the English THI. Design: The English THI (THI-E) was translated into Hebrew by two bilingual investigators, independently. A third investigator then constructed the final Hebrew THI version (THI-H) from the two translations. This version was administered to fifty consecutive patients at the tinnitus clinic. Participants also assessed tinnitus severity and loudness, and completed the Hebrew versions of the Beck's depression inventory and the state anxiety inventory. Study sample: The participants were fifty consecutive patients (older than 18 years of age, with a tinnitus lasting over three months) who were referred to a tinnitus clinic (none of them declared compensation seeking). Results: A very good internal consistency was found (α = 0.93), with significant correlation between the subscales of the THI-H and the Beck depression inventory score and the state anxiety inventory score. Conclusions: A valid and reliable THI-H questionnaire was constructed. Sumario Objetivo: Establecer una versión en Hebreo del THI en Inglés. Diseño: El THI en Inglés (THI-E) fue traducido al Hebreo por dos investigadores bilingües de manera independiente. Un tercer investigador elaboró después la versión final del THI en Hebreo (THI-H) a partir de las dos traducciones. Esta versión se administró a cincuenta pacientes consecutivos en la clínica de acufeno. Los participantes también evaluaron la severidad del acufeno y su intensidad subjetiva y completaron las versiones en Hebreo del Inventario de Depresión de Beck y el Inventario del Estado de Ansiedad. Muestra de Estudio: Los participantes fueron cincuenta pacientes consecutivos (mayores de 18 años con acufeno de duración mayor a 3 meses) que fueron referidos a la clínica de acufeno (ninguno de ellos declaró búsqueda de compensación). Resultados: Se encontró una muy buena consistencia interna (α = 0.93), con correlación significativa entre las subescalas del THI-H y las puntuaciones del Inventario de Depresión de Beck y del Inventario de Estado de Ansiedad. Conclusiones: Se elaboró un Cuestionario de THI-H válido y confiable.
Back to log phase: σS as a global regulator in the osmotic control of gene expression in Escherichia coli

It is now well established that the σS subunit of RNA polymerase is a master regulator in a complex regulatory network that governs the expression of many stationary‐phase‐inducible genes in Escherichiacoli. In this review, more recent findings will be summarized that demonstrate that σS also acts as a global regulator for the osmotic control of gene expression, and actually does so in exponentially growing cells. Thus, many σS‐dependent genes are induced during entry into stationary phase as well as in response to osmotic upshift. K+ glutamate, which accumulates in hyperosmotically stressed cells, seems to specifically stimulate the activity of σS‐containing RNA polymerase at σS‐dependent promoters. Moreover, osmotic upshift results in an elevated cellular σS level similar to that observed in stationary‐phase cells. This increase is the result of a stimulation of rpoS translation as well as an inhibition of the turnover of σS, which in exponentially growing non‐stressed cells is a highly unstable protein. Whereas the RNA‐binding protein HF‐I, previously known as a host factor for the replication of phage Qβ RNA, is essential for rpoS translation, the recently discovered response regulator RssB, and ClpXP protease, have been shown to be required for σS degradation. The finding that the histone‐like protein H‐NS is also involved in the control of rpoS translation and σS turnover, sheds new light on the function of this protein in osmoregulation. Finally, preliminary evidence suggests that additional stresses, such as heat shock and acid shock, also result in increased cellular σS levels in exponentially growing cells. Taken together, σS function is clearly not confined to stationary phase. Rather, σS may be regarded as a sigma factor associated with general stress conditions.
Xylans Provide the Structural Driving Force for Mucilage Adhesion to the Arabidopsis Seed Coat1

Arabidopsis seed mucilage contains a population of RG-I with xylan side branches that mediate the adsorption of mucilage to cellulose microfibrils in vitro. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells produce large amounts of mucilage that is released upon imbibition. This mucilage is structured into two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat. Both layers are composed primarily of pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), the inner layer also containing rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella. Perturbation in cellulosic ray formation has systematically been associated with a redistribution of pectic mucilage from the inner to the outer layer, in agreement with cellulose-pectin interactions, the nature of which remained unknown. Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. Biochemical and in vitro binding assay data demonstrated that xylan chains are attached to RG-I chains and mediate the adsorption of mucilage to cellulose microfibrils. mum5-1 mucilage exhibited very weak adsorption to cellulose. MUM5 was identified as a putative xylosyl transferase recently characterized as MUCI21. Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer.
Socio-economic consequences of labor migration in Uzbekistan

This paper attempts to look closely at socio-economic consequences of migration and remittance decisions of the Uzbek households. We first draw a portrait of a typical migrant worker, paying special attention to the motives for migration and the skills that the migrants possess. We trace the portrait of the typical migrant worker to see the changes in migration profile over time. We also investigate the impact of migration and remittances on livelihoods of migrant-sending families. Using a unique household survey conducted by the German Agency for International Development (GIZ) office in Tashkent, we show that remittances have significant effect on livelihoods of left-behind households. Our results indicate that financial constraints, especially on non-food and health expenditures, act as a push-factor for migration in Uzbekistan.
Dispensability and dynamics of caveolin‐1 during liver regeneration and in isolated hepatic cells

Caveolae participate in several cellular processes such as vesicular transport, cholesterol homeostasis, regulation of signal transduction, integrin signaling, and cell growth. The expression and functional role of caveolin (Cav), the most abundant protein of caveolae, has been reported in liver and in different hepatocyte cell lines, in human cirrhotic liver, and in hepatocellular carcinomas. The role of Cav‐1 in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) has been investigated as a model of liver proliferation in vivo. Our results show that Cav‐1 increases in liver after PH with a redistribution of the protein from the caveola‐enriched domain to the noncaveolar fraction. Moreover, the Cav‐1 located in the noncaveolar fraction is phosphorylated in tyrosine 14, even though the Cav‐1 gene is dispensable for liver regeneration after PH, as deduced from data obtained with commercially available animals lacking this gene. In addition to this, the proinflammatory stimulation of hepatocytes induces Cav‐1 translocation to a noncaveolar fraction and tyrosine 14 phosphorylation mainly through the activation of tyrosine kinases such as Src. Conclusion: These results support a dynamic role for Cav‐1 in liver proliferation both in vivo after PH and in vitro in cultured hepatic cell lines, but with minimal implications for the liver regeneration process. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Downregulation of the neonatal Fc receptor expression in non-small cell lung cancer tissue is associated with a poor prognosis

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although the recommended tumor, node and metastasis (TNM) classification and stage determination are important to select therapeutic options for patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), additional molecular markers are required to indicate the prognosis, in particular within a specific stage, and help with the management of patients. Because neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) has recently been involved in colon cancer immunosurveillance, we measured its expression in non-cancerous and NSCLC lung tissues and evaluated its prognostic value in overall survival for patient with NSCLC. FcRn expression was determined at both mRNA and protein levels on cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues from 80 NSCLC patients. In NSCLC, FcRn was mainly found in resident and tumor infiltrating immune cells. The corresponding mRNA and protein were significantly less abundant in lung tumor than non-cancerous tissue. Moreover, analysis of our cohort and datasets from the public data bases show that FCGRT mRNA down-regulation is a robust and independent, unfavorable predictive factor of NSCLC patient survival. We conclude that FCGRT mRNA expression may be a useful additional marker for immunoscoring, reflecting tumor immune system, and help in the decision-making process for NSCLC patients.