Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DHCPv4 Lease Query by Relay Agent Remote ID

Some Relay Agents extract lease information from the DHCP messages exchanged between the client and DHCP server. This lease information is used by relay agents for various purposes like antispoofing and prevention of flooding. RFC 4388 [RFC4388] defines a mechanism for relay agents to retrieve the lease information from the DHCP server as and when this information is lost. The existing leasequery mechanism is data driven, which means that a relay agent can initiate the leasequery only when it starts receiving data from/to the clients. In certain scenarios, this model is not scalable. This document first looks at issues in existing mechanism and then proposes a new query type, query by remote ID, to address these issues.
Simultaneous EEG Monitoring During Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique that delivers weak electric currents through the scalp. This constant electric current induces shifts in neuronal membrane excitability, resulting in secondary changes in cortical activity. Although tDCS has most of its neuromodulatory effects on the underlying cortex, tDCS effects can also be observed in distant neural networks. Therefore, concomitant EEG monitoring of the effects of tDCS can provide valuable information on the mechanisms of tDCS. In addition, EEG findings can be an important surrogate marker for the effects of tDCS and thus can be used to optimize its parameters. This combined EEG-tDCS system can also be used for preventive treatment of neurological conditions characterized by abnormal peaks of cortical excitability, such as seizures. Such a system would be the basis of a non-invasive closed-loop device. In this article, we present a novel device that is capable of utilizing tDCS and EEG simultaneously. For that, we describe in a step-by-step fashion the main procedures of the application of this device using schematic figures, tables and video demonstrations. Additionally, we provide a literature review on clinical uses of tDCS and its cortical effects measured by EEG techniques.
P LAYING SNES IN THE R ETRO L EARNING E NVIRONMENT

Mastering a video game requires skill, tactics and strategy. While these attributes may be acquired naturally by human players, teaching them to a computer program is a far more challenging task. In recent years, extensive research was carried out in the field of reinforcement learning and numerous algorithms were introduced, aiming to learn how to perform human tasks such as playing video games. As a result, the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE) (Bellemare et al., 2013) has become a commonly used benchmark environment allowing algorithms to train on various Atari 2600 games. In many games the state-of-the-art algorithms outperform humans. In this paper we introduce a new learning environment, the Retro Learning Environment — RLE, that can run games on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES), Sega Genesis and several other gaming consoles. The environment is expandable, allowing for more video games and consoles to be easily added to the environment, while maintaining a simple unified interface. Moreover, RLE is compatible with Python and Torch. SNES games pose a significant challenge to current algorithms due to their higher level of complexity and versatility. A more extensive paper describing our work is available on arXiv1.
FF-DICE: An 8T soft-error tolerant cell using Independent Dual Gate SOI FinFETs

In this paper we present FF-DICE (Footless-FinFET-DICE), an 8T footless storage element that exhibits soft error resilience characteristics to Single Event Upsets. The proposed cell utilises IDG (Independent Dual Gate) FinFETs to merge the functions of a typical cell's NMOS drivers and NMOS access transistors, thereby saving 33% of the transistors required for a typical DICE cell. Given the IDG FinFET dual gate mutual coupling and excellent control over the transistor conductive channel, simulations show that the proposed cell can operate as a regular memory cell, with Static Voltage Noise Margin of 341mV, Static Current Noise Margin of 15uA and provides soft-error immunity to particle strikes on single nodes, as well as considerable area savings compared to similar designs.
Cutting Edge: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Blocks Ca2+ Signaling and Phagosome Maturation in Human Macrophages Via Specific Inhibition of Sphingosine Kinase1

One-third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and three million people die of tuberculosis each year. Following its ingestion by macrophages (MPs), Mtb inhibits the maturation of its phagosome, preventing progression to a bactericidal phagolysosome. Phagocytosis of Mtb is uncoupled from the elevation in MP cytosolic Ca2+ that normally accompanies microbial ingestion, resulting in inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion and increased intracellular viability. This study demonstrates that the mechanism responsible for this failure of Ca2+-dependent phagosome maturation involves mycobacterial inhibition of MP sphingosine kinase. Thus, inhibition of sphingosine kinase directly contributes to survival of Mtb within human MPs and represents a novel molecular mechanism of pathogenesis.
[Video-assisted and endoscopic parathyroidectomy and thyroidectomy].

Le développement de techniques d’imagerie performantes pour localiser les adénomes parathyroïdiens (scintigraphie au MIBI et échographie), la miniaturisation des instruments de chirurgie et l’utilisation du dosage peropératoire de la parathormone ont entraîné le développement de techniques mini-invasives pour la chirurgie de l’hyperparathyroïdie primaire. Ces techniques sont de plus en plus utilisées. Une étude [1] rapportait que parmi les chirurgiens de l’International Association of Endocrine Surgery, 59 % utilisent les techniques mini-invasives (92 % d’entre eux utilisent les abords locaux, 22 % une technique vidéo-assistée et 12 % une technique totalement endoscopique) pour la chirurgie des parathyroïdes. Ces techniques ont dans un deuxième temps été transposées à la chirurgie thyroïdienne. Nous n’aborderons ici que les techniques réalisées par voie cervicale et nécessitant une assistance vidéo pendant tout ou partie de l’opération. Sont donc exclus les abords axillaires, sous mammaires et les variantes utilisant un suspenseur de paroi [2].
Radiolabeled Peptides as Imaging Probes for Cancer Diagnosis

In this sense, nuclear medicine offers a possibility for early cancer diagnosis by means of radiotracer-based imaging either using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positronemission tomography (PET) [2]. These imaging techniques are based on physiological and biochemical changes of the organ or tissue in analyses, and are defined as visualization, characterization and measurement of biological processes at molecular and cellular level [3]. Actually, nuclear medicine contributes with two different strategies for cancer imaging, termed as ‘catch-all’ and ‘catch-one’ approaches. The former employs high sensitive but low specific radiotracers, such as methylene diphosphonate radiolabeled with technetium-99m ( 99m Tc
Dynamic storage allocation in the Atlas computer, including an automatic use of a backing store

interspersed with modification lines. The modification lines are binary encoded and represent a compromise between the expense of storing and handling a large code and the expense of interpretively performing the modifications. Parts of the ACSI-MATIC Programming System including parts of AMCaP have been coded for the MOBiDIC-A and Sylvania 9400 computers; some of the code has been debugged on the MOBiDIc-A. I t is expected that an initial system will be operating by the end of summer. Acknowledgment is given to the members of the Programming l~esearch Group of the Astro-Electronics Division of Radio Corporation of America for their support and in particular to Roy Heistand for his contributions to the design and implementation of A~cAP.
Incidence of childhood cancer among Mexican children registered under a public medical insurance program

Prior to 2005, 51% of children in Mexico diagnosed with cancer received no standardized optimal multidisciplinary medical care. A government‐subsidized national cancer treatment program was therefore created for these patients and a National Cooperative Childhood Cancer Treatment Group was consequently formed for these patients. Pediatric patients with a proven diagnosis of leukemia, lymphoma or solid tumor and who were registered in the Popular Medical Insurance (PMI) program from January 2007 to December 2010, are described in this report. These patients had been enrolled and registered in one of the 49 nationwide certified medical institutions in Mexico. The national incidence and frequency data for childhood cancers were analyzed for the whole program. At the end of a 4‐year study, the analysis revealed that 8,936 children from across Mexico had been diagnosed with cancer. The incidence rate for the PMI patients was 150.3/million/year (2010) for children of 0–18 years. The highest age incidence rate was 51.9 between 0 and 4 years and boys were the predominant group for all types of cancer. The leukemia incidence was 75.3/million/year (2010), and an average frequency of 50.75% throughout the 4 years. The overall mortality rate was measured at 5.4/100,000/year (2010). This study demonstrates a high frequency and incidence of childhood cancer and a beneficial impact of the PMI program over the quality of life in these children.
Rapid Fabrication of Non-Assembly Robotic Systems with Embedded Components

In this paper, the application of Rapid Prototyping in fabricating non-assembly robotic systems with inserts is presented. Previous work demonstrated the use of the Rapid Prototype Stereolithography and Selective Laser Sintering techniques to fabricate prototypes of mechanical mobile joints. As examples of their applicability, the joint designs were then used to fabricate complex multi-articulated, multi-link, multi-loop systems in one step, without requiring assembly while maintaining the joint desired mobility. Expanding upon this, current research explores methods of insertion of component parts during the rapid prototype process. The Rapidly Prototyped Mobile Observation Vehicle (RP MOVe), was fabricated to demonstrate this method and is presented here.
Regional Differences in Cerebral Vascular Response to Paco2 Changes in Humans Measured by Positron Emission Tomography

Hypercapnia and hypocapnia produce cerebral vasodilation and vasoconstriction, respectively. However, regional differences in the vascular response to changes in Paco2 in the human brain are not pronounced. In the current study, these regional differences were evaluated. In each of the 11 healthy subjects, cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured using 15O-water and positron emission tomography at rest and during hypercapnia and hypocapnia. All CBF images were globally normalized for CBF and transformed into the standard brain anatomy. t values between rest and hypercapnia or hypocapnia conditions were calculated on a pixel-by-pixel basis. In the pons, cerebellum, thalamus, and putamen, significant relative hyperperfusion during hypercapnia was observed, indicating a large capacity for vasodilatation. In the pons and putamen, a significant relative hypoperfusion during hypocapnia, that is, a large capacity for vasoconstriction, was also observed, indicating marked vascular responsiveness. In the temporal, temporo-occipital, and occipital cortices, significant relative hypoperfusion during hypercapnia and significant relative hypoperfusion during hypocapnia were observed, indicating that cerebral vascular tone at rest might incline toward vasodilatation. Such regional heterogeneity of the cerebral vascular response should be considered in the assessment of cerebral perfusion reserve by hypercapnia and in the correction of CBF measurements for variations in subjects' resting Paco2.
Suppression of multiple jammers with significantly different power levels

In many applications, software defined receivers (SDRs) can be victims of intentional and/or unintentional jamming. Often, multiple jamming signals (JSs) at their antennas have significantly different power levels. In this paper, suppression of JSs is considered for the most challenging case when some of the JSs are strong enough to desensitize or even damage the input circuits of victim SDRs. Two-stage spatial suppression of JSs is proposed to cope with such a situation. It is shown that this method is effective when the receiver antenna array has an adequate number of elements. Suppression of JSs always requires high dynamic range of victim SDRs. However, the requirements for the dynamic range become even higher when the two-stage spatial suppression of JSs is impossible. Implementation of a novel sampling technique based on a new interpretation of the sampling theorem is the most promising way to increase the dynamic range. If spatial suppression of JSs is impossible, or it is not sufficiently effective, other properties of JSs can be exploited. Adaptive combining of robust and Bayesian approaches is a beneficial anti-jam strategy.
Testing Parametric Conditional Distributions of Dynamic Models 1

This paper proposes a nonparametric test for parametric conditional distributions of dynamic models. The test is of the Kolmogorov type coupled with Khmaladze’s martingale transformation. The proposed test is asymptotically distribution free and has non-trivial power against root-n local alternatives. The method is applicable for various dynamic models, including autoregressive and moving average models (ARMA), generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH), integrated GARCH (IGARCH), and general nonlinear time series regressions. The method is also applicable for cross sectional models. Finally, we apply the procedure to testing conditional normality and conditional t-distribution in a GARCH model for the NYSE equal-weighted returns.
Voting for Democracy: Campaign Effects in Chile's Democratic Transition

Abstract In a global context in which authoritarian regimes often hold elections, defeating dictators at the polls can play a key role in transitions to democracy. When the opposition is allowed to campaign for votes in such elections, there are strong reasons to believe that its efforts will be more persuasive than those of the authoritarian incumbent. This article examines the effect of televised campaign advertising on vote choice in the 1988 plebiscite that inaugurated Chile's transition to democracy. Using matching to analyze postelectoral survey data, it shows that the advertising of the opposition's no campaign made Chileans more likely to vote against dictator Augusto Pinochet, whereas the advertising of the government's yes campaign had no discernible effect. These findings suggest that the no campaign played an important causal role in the change of political regime.
The mechanism of β‐glycerophosphate action in mineralizing chick limb‐bud mesenchymal cell cultures

Differentiating chick limb‐bud mesenchymal cells plated in micromass culture form a cartilage matrix that can be mineralized in the presence of 4 mM inorganic phosphate (Pi) and 1 mM calcium. Previous studies showed that when β‐glycerophosphate (βGP) is used in place of Pi, the mineral crystals formed are larger and differ in distribution. The present study shows that the difference in distribution is not associated with alterations in cell proliferation, protein synthesis, or with collagen, proteoglycan core protein, or alkaline phosphatase gene expression. Cultures with 2.5, 5, and 10 mM βGP did show different levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, and in the presence of low (0.3 mM) Ca had different Pi contents (4, 6, and 9 mM, respectively), indicating that the increase in CaxP product may in part be responsible for the altered pattern of mineralization. However, cultures with βGP in which alkaline phosphatase activity was inhibited with levamisole still had an altered mineral distribution as revealed by Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) microspectroscopy. The presence of a casein kinase II‐like activity in the mineralizing cultures, the ability of specific inhibitors of this enzyme to block mineralization, and the known ability of βGP to block phosphoprotein phosphatase activity suggests that altered patterns of matrix protein phosphorylation may influence mineral deposition in these cultures. (J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:1694‐1702)
High frame rate vector flow imaging of stenotic carotid bifurcation: Computational modeling and analysis

Analysis of the complex blood flow pattern in the carotid bifurcation is clinically important to the diagnosis of carotid stenoses. We hypothesize that the use of high frame rate imaging methods such as plane wave excitation, together with vector flow estimators like block matching, may potentially be a suitable imaging problem to this problem. This paper presents our team's initial efforts in developing a high frame rate vector flow imaging framework that is based on plane wave excitation principles and a high dynamic range block matching algorithm that incorporates least squares fitting principles. We have conducted a series of Field II simulations on straight tubes and carotid bifurcation to evaluate the estimation accuracy and imaging performance of our framework. Results indicate that high-frame-rate vector flow imaging is capable of visualizing complex blood flow. It has potential to be further developed into a new clinical technique for vascular diagnoses.
REFINE: Realistic Fault Injection via Compiler-based Instrumentation for Accuracy, Portability and Speed

Compiler-based fault injection (FI) has become a popular technique for resilience studies to understand the impact of soft errors in supercomputing systems. Compiler-based FI frameworks inject faults at a high intermediate-representation level. However, they are less accurate than machine code, binary-level FI because they lack access to all dynamic instructions, thus they fail to mimic certain fault manifestations. In this paper, we study the limitations of current practices in compiler-based FI and how they impact the interpretation of results in resilience studies. We propose REFINE, a novel framework that addresses these limitations, performing FI in a compiler backend. Our approach provides the portability and efficiency of compiler-based FI, while keeping accuracy comparable to binary-level FI methods. We demonstrate our approach in 14 HPC programs and show that, due to our unique design, its runtime overhead is significantly smaller than state-of the-art compiler-based FI frameworks, reducing the time for large FI experiments. CCS CONCEPTS • Computing methodologies → Simulation tools; Model verification and validation; • Software and its engineering → Compilers; • Hardware → Analysis and design of emerging devices and systems;
Expression of rab 11 a N 124 I in gastric parietal cells inhibits stimulatory recruitment of the H 1K 1-ATPase

Duman, Joseph G. , Kamala Tyagarajan, Michelle S. Kolsi, Hsiao-Ping H. Moore, and John G. Forte. Expression of rab11a N124I in gastric parietal cells inhibits stimulatory recruitment of the H1-K1-ATPase. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Cell Physiol. 46): C361–C372, 1999. —Stimulation of the gastric parietal cell results in a massive redistribution of H1-K1-ATPase from cytoplasmic tubulovesicles to the apical plasma membrane. Previous studies have implicated the small GTPase rab11 in this process. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry, we confirmed that rab11 is associated with H1-K1-ATPase-enriched gastric microsomes. A stoichiometry of one rab11 per six copies of H1-K1ATPase was estimated. Furthermore, rab11 exists in at least three forms on rabbit gastric microsomes: the two most prominent resemble rab11a, whereas the third resembles rab11b. Using an adenoviral expression system, we expressed the dominant negative mutant rab11a N124I in primary cultures of rabbit parietal cells under the control of the tetracycline transactivator protein (tTA). The mutant was well expressed with a distribution similar to that of the H1-K1-ATPase. Stimulation of these cultures with histamine and IBMX was assessed by measuring the aminopyrine (AP) uptake relative to resting cells (AP index). In experiments on six culture preparations, stimulated uninfected cells gave an AP index of 10.0 6 2.9, whereas parallel cultures expressing rab11a N124I were poorly responsive to stimulation, with a mean AP index of 3.2 6 0.9. Control cultures expressing tTA alone or tTA plus actin responded equally well to stimulation, giving AP index values of 9.0 6 3.1 and 9.6 6 0.9, respectively. Thus inhibition by rab11a N124I is not simply due to adenoviral infection. The AP uptake data were confirmed by immunocytochemistry. In uninfected cells, H1-K1-ATPase demonstrated a broad cytoplasmic distribution, but it was cleared from the cytoplasm and associated with apically derived membranes on stimulation. In cells expressing rab11a N124I, H1-K1-ATPase maintained its resting localization on stimulation. Furthermore, this effect could be alleviated by culturing infected cells in the presence of tetracycline, which prevents expression of the mutant rab11. We therefore conclude that rab11a is the prominent GTPase associated with gastric microsomes and that it plays a role in parietal cell activation.
Role of expectations in health

Purpose of review Considerable progress has been made in the neurobiological understanding of expectations in physiological and pathological processes. This article is aimed at presenting an overview of the role of expectations in producing health-related effects. We selected recent laboratory and clinical studies in the field of the placebo effect, with a particular focus on psychiatric disorders. Recent findings Recent scientific research indicates that expectations have the potential for relieving many symptoms. This research relies mostly on the study of placebo and nocebo phenomena which influence physiological and pathological functions. The findings from placebo and nocebo research have important implications for the design and interpretation of clinical trials and for clinical practice. Summary The studies of expectations in the field of psychiatry and in other fields of medicine suggest that placebo effects are likely to be an important aspect of any treatment. The application of research on health-related expectations has the potential for promoting wellness, improving health, and benefiting patient care.
Usefulness of 3D Printing to Manage Complex Tracheal Stenosis.

mens (29 lung, 12 midgut, 4 pancreas) of well-differentiated (G1) neuroendocrine carcinoid tumors, in strict compliance with the World Health Organization criteria, with a follow-up period >10 years. We have found that a “brisk” tumor lymphocytic infiltrate correlates to a good prognosis, being the expression of an immunologic reaction to the neoplastic cells, with subsequent tumor regression. Conversely, a “nonbrisk” or absent infiltrate represents a form of immunotolerance to the tumor, favoring its growth and metastatic spread.5,6 From our findings, the quantitative immune score can be considered a prognostic indicator in carcinoid tumors7; thus, incorporating the immune score as a prognostic factor and introducing it into routine diagnostic assessment is advocated in the not-to-distant future.