Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scattering theory on graphs: II. The Friedel sum rule

We consider the Friedel sum rule (FSR) in the context of the scattering theory for the Schrodinger operator -Dx2 + V(x) on graphs made of one-dimensional wires connected to external leads. We generalize the Smith formula for graphs. We give several examples of graphs where the state counting method given by the FSR does not work. The reason for the failure of the FSR to count the states is the existence of states localized in the graph and not coupled to the leads, which occurs if the spectrum is degenerate and the number of leads too small.
“I’m Thinking I Want to Live a Better Life”: Syrian Refugee Student Adjustment in New Brunswick

In this paper, the authors explore the re-adjustment experiences of seven refugee students from Syria and Iraq who enrolled in a large high school in New Brunswick. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, school and community documents, and field notes. Five themes were identified and are reported and discussed in this paper. Recommendations for future direction regarding how to successfully integrate Syrian refugee children into Canadian schools are provided.
Test configurations for K-stability and geodesic rays

Let $X$ be a compact complex manifold, $L\to X$ an ample line bundle over $X$, and ${\cal H}$ the space of all positively curved metrics on $L$. We show that a pair $(h_0,T)$ consisting of a point $h_0\in {\cal H}$ and a test configuration $T=({\cal L}\to {\cal X}\to {\bf C})$, canonically determines a weak geodesic ray $R(h_0,T)$ in ${\cal H}$ which emanates from $h_0$. Thus a test configuration behaves like a vector field on the space of K\"ahler potentials ${\cal H}$. We prove that $R$ is non-trivial if the ${\bf C}^\times$ action on $X_0$, the central fiber of $\cal X$, is non-trivial. The ray $R$ is obtained as limit of smooth geodesic rays $R_k\subset{\cal H}_k$, where ${\cal H}_k\subset{\cal H}$ is the subspace of Bergman metrics.
Institutional Forms and Organizational Structures: Homology, Trust and Reputational Capital in Professional Service Firms

This paper examines how professional service firms have used a combination of clan and bureaucratic control techniques to manage change over a 100-year period. Both sets of controls have been present throughout, but the mix between the two has altered to reflect changes in the broader institutional environment. These shifts create new contradictions that eventually undermine their very success. However, in the midst of these changes and shifts, the basic institutional features of homology, trust and reputational capital have continued to structure these professional arenas.
High expression of integrin β6 in association with the Rho–Rac pathway identifies a poor prognostic subgroup within HER2 amplified breast cancers

Integrin αvβ6 is involved in the transition from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. In addition, integrin β6 (ITGB6) is of prognostic value in invasive breast cancers, particularly in HER2+ subtype. However, pathways mediating the activity of integrin αvβ6 in clinical progression of invasive breast cancers need further elucidation. We have examined human breast cancer specimens (N = 460) for the expression of integrin β6 (ITGB6) mRNA by qPCR. In addition, we have examined a subset (N = 147) for the expression of αvβ6 integrin by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression levels of members of Rho–Rac pathway including downstream genes (ACTR2, ACTR3) and effector proteinases (MMP9, MMP15) were estimated by qPCR in the HER2+ subset (N = 59). There is a significant increase in the mean expression of ITGB6 in HER2+ tumors compared to HR+HER2‐ and triple negative (TNBC) subtypes (P = 0.00). HER2+ tumors with the highest levels (top quartile) of ITGB6 have significantly elevated levels of all the genes of the Rho–Rac pathway (P‐values from 0.01 to 0.0001). Patients in this group have a significantly shorter disease‐free survival compared to the group with lower ITGB6 levels (HR = 2.9 (0.9–8.9), P = 0.05). The mean level of ITGB6 expression is increased further in lymph node‐positive tumors. The increased regional and distant metastasis observed in HER2+ tumors with high levels of ITGB6 might be mediated by the canonical Rho–Rac pathway through increased expression of MMP9 and MMP15.
Phase space engineering in optical microcavities II. controlling the far-field

Optical microcavities support Whispering Gallery Modes (WGMs) with a very high quality factor Q. However, WGMs typically display a far-field isotropic emission profile and modifying this far-field profile without spoiling the associated high Q remains a challenge. Using a 2D annular cavity, we present a procedure capable to achieve these two apparently conflicting goals. With the correspondence between the classical and the wave picture, properties of the classical phase space shed some light on the characteristics of the wave dynamics. Specifically, the annular cavity has a well separated mixed phase space, a characteristic that proves to be of crucial importance in the emission properties of WGMs. While the onset of directionality in the far-field may be achieved through parametric deformation [1] of the distance cavity-hole centers, d, this contribution presents a method to control the emission profile via a second parameter, the hole radius r0. The influence of the classical dynamics to control and predict the field emission will be demonstrated.
Comments on "Robust stabilization of a class of time-delay nonlinear systems"

From the coordinates transformation, we can see that only after i 1 (ri 1 (t)) is obtained can hi (ri (t )) be obtained. After we obtain hi (ri (t )) ; ~ ij (rj (t )) can be determined from (6). In other words, ~ ij (rj (t )) can not be determined until i 1 (ri 1 (t)) is obtained. However, from the iterative procedure in the main result of [1], we can see that function i 1 (ri 1 (t)) is obtained by an iterative method similar to backstepping method. That is, we can obtain 1 (z1 (t)) is step 1 (15 in paper [1]), 2 (r2 (t)) in step 2 ([1, 27]), . , k (rk (t)) in step k; . So, from the procedure we can know that in step i, we can not obtain k (rk (t)) when k > i, that is, in step i, we cannot obtain hk (rk (t )), so ~ ki (ri (t )) also can not be obtained. However, in the proof of [1, Th. 3.1], the author used unknown ~ ki (ri (t )) to construct Lyapunov–Krasovskii function and obtained corresponding i (ri (t)) in step i (k > i). For example, in step 1, the Lyapunov–Krasovskii function was
Rural jordanian mothers' beliefs, knowledge and practices of postnatal care.

UNLABELLED In Jordan, despite being one of the most modern countries in the Middle East, postnatal care services are still under-utilized by rural Jordanian mothers. The purpose of this study is to explore, analyse and critique the postnatal cultural health beliefs, knowledge and practices of rural Jordanian mothers. DESIGN a critical ethnographic approach was used to critically investigate the cultural health issues of 13 rural Jordanian postpartum mothers from four rural areas in the Northeast governorate which is characterized rural populated governorate. The findings showed that rural Jordanian mothers depended on the cultural health beliefs and knowledge to perform the postnatal care practices. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS most of the rural Jordanian postpartum mothers depended on cultural beliefs and practices as a mode of health seeking behavior, in preference to available government health care services for care of their infants. Thus the rural Jordanian mothers are in need of supportive health educational services to increase their level of health knowledge and enhance the recommended health practices.
PRODUCTIVITY IN ROBOTICS SOFTWARE BY USING JAVA AND REAL-TIME JAVA

This paper presents a framework for designing, simulating, monitoring, and controlling a robot, which is aimed to the development of autonomous robots and is based on Java. By using this Java based framework it is possible to reuse a great amount of already done code when a new robotics systems is being developed, while still being able to use it in a great variety of platforms. On the other hand, the use of autonomous robots dramatically decreases the need for reprogramming the robot and modifying the environment. In the scope of this framework, the paper addresses the issues concerning the specification and satisfaction of timeliness constraints in order for the controlability of the robot can be improved. Copyright c © 2003 IFAC
Structural Credit Risk Model with Stochastic Volatility: A Particle-filter Approach

This paper extends Merton's structural credit risk model to account for the fact that the firm's asset volatility follows a stochastic process. With the presence of stochastic volatility, the transformed-data maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method of Duan (1994, 2000) can no longer be applied to estimate the model. We devise a particle filtering algorithm to solve this problem. This algorithm is based on the general non-linear and non-Gaussian filtering with sequential parameter learning, and a simulation study is conducted to ascertain its finite sample performance. Meanwhile, we implement this model on the real data of companies in Dow Jones industrial average and find that incorporating stochastic volatility into the structural model can largely improve the model performance.
miRNAs in Newt Lens Regeneration: Specific Control of Proliferation and Evidence for miRNA Networking

Background Lens regeneration in adult newts occurs via transdifferentiation of the pigment epithelial cells (PECs) of the dorsal iris. The same source of cells from the ventral iris is not able to undergo this process. In an attempt to understand this restriction we have studied in the past expression patterns of miRNAs. Among several miRNAs we have found that mir-148 shows an up-regulation in the ventral iris, while members of the let-7 family showed down-regulation in dorsal iris during dedifferentiation. Methodology/Principal Findings We have performed gain- and loss-of–function experiments of mir-148 and let-7b in an attempt to delineate their function. We find that up-regulation of mir-148 caused significant decrease in the proliferation rates of ventral PECs only, while up-regulation of let-7b affected proliferation of both dorsal and ventral PECs. Neither miRNA was able to affect lens morphogenesis or induction. To further understand how this effect of miRNA up-regulation is mediated we examined global expression of miRNAs after up-regulation of mir148 and let-7b. Interestingly, we identified a novel level of mirRNA regulation, which might indicate that miRNAs are regulated as a network. Conclusion/Significance The major conclusion is that different miRNAs can control proliferation in the dorsal or ventral iris possibly by a different mechanism. Of interest is that down-regulation of the let-7 family members has also been documented in other systems undergoing reprogramming, such as in stem cells or oocytes. This might indicate that reprogramming during newt regeneration shares common molecular signatures with reprogramming in stem or germ cells. On the other hand that miRNAs can regulate the levels of other miRNAs is a novel level of regulation, which might provide new insights on their function.
Hybrid Envelope Amplifier for envelope tracking power amplifier transmitters

This paper presents an envelope tracking (ET) Power Amplifier (PA) whose architecture includes an efficient Envelope Amplifier (EA) and a bandwidth reduction algorithm suitable for real time applications. The EA consists of a hybrid amplifier combining switched and linear amplification. A bandwidth and slew-rate reduction algorithm has been incorporated in order to allow wide-band envelope amplifications. Non-linearities introduced by the Hybrid EA (HEA) and the dynamic supply are compensated with Digital Pre-Distortion. The ET PA has been tested using 64-QAM signals and commercial devices. Results show that non-linearities produced by the HEA are compensable and that the architecture provides efficiency improvements compared to the conventional linear EA.
Decoding Humor Experiences from Brain Activity of People Viewing Comedy Movies

Humans naturally have a sense of humor. Experiencing humor not only encourages social interactions, but also produces positive physiological effects on the human body, such as lowering blood pressure. Recent neuro-imaging studies have shown evidence for distinct mental state changes at work in people experiencing humor. However, the temporal characteristics of these changes remain elusive. In this paper, we objectively measured humor-related mental states from single-trial functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data obtained while subjects viewed comedy TV programs. Measured fMRI data were labeled on the basis of the lag before or after the viewer’s perception of humor (humor onset) determined by the viewer-reported humor experiences during the fMRI scans. We trained multiple binary classifiers, or decoders, to distinguish between fMRI data obtained at each lag from ones obtained during a neutral state in which subjects were not experiencing humor. As a result, in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right temporal area, the decoders showed significant classification accuracies even at two seconds ahead of the humor onsets. Furthermore, given a time series of fMRI data obtained during movie viewing, we found that the decoders with significant performance were also able to predict the upcoming humor events on a volume-by-volume basis. Taking into account the hemodynamic delay, our results suggest that the upcoming humor events are encoded in specific brain areas up to about five seconds before the awareness of experiencing humor. Our results provide evidence that there exists a mental state lasting for a few seconds before actual humor perception, as if a viewer is expecting the future humorous events.
Efficient Toffoli Gates Using Qudits

The simplest decomposition of a Toffoli gate acting on three qubits requires five 2-qubit gates. If we restrict ourselves to controlled-sign (or controlled-NOT) gates this number climbs to six. We show that the number of controlled-sign gates required to implement a Toffoli gate can be reduced to just three if one of the three quantum systems has a third state that is accessible during the computation, i.e. is actually a qutrit. Such a requirement is not unreasonable or even atypical since we often artificially enforce a qubit structure on multilevel quantums systems (eg. atoms, photonic polarization and spatial modes). We explore the implementation of these techniques in optical quantum processing and show that linear optical circuits could operate with much higher probabilities of success.
Serum Leptin Levels in Treatment-Naive Patients with Clinically Isolated Syndrome or Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Several studies have investigated leptin levels in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with somewhat conflicting results. They have all focused on patients with established relapsing-remitting (RR) MS but have not specifically looked at patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of MS, in the early stages of disease. In this study, serum leptin levels were measured in 89 treatment-naïve patients with CIS (53 patients) or RRMS (36 patients) and 73 controls searching for differences between the groups and for associations with several disease parameters. The expected significant sexual dimorphism in leptin levels (higher levels in females) was observed in both MS patients and controls. Increased leptin levels were found in female patients with RRMS compared to female controls (P = .003) and female CIS patients (P = .001). Female CIS patients had comparable levels to controls. Leptin levels correlated positively to disease duration, but not to EDSS, in female patients with RRMS. The results of the present study do not indicate involvement of leptin in the early stages of MS. Normal leptin levels in patients with CIS suggest that leptin does not have a pathogenic role. The ratio leptin/BMI increases during disease course in female MS patients in a time-dependent and disability-independent manner.
A tool for comparing multirelational networks from biology

This work presents a particular type of interaction networks encounter in biological and medical domains. The networks allow more than one interaction (or one relationship) between two entities. These are multi-relational networks. The existing tools dealing with social networks nowadays usually transform a multi-relational network into a single relational one and use the existing algorithms to process it. This might sometimes conduct to loss of generality. In this work we present an implementation of multirelational networks and basic operations required to compare two or more such networks. We consider practical examples from medicine and we compare three gene-gene interaction networks of representative genes for three types of related women cancers: breast, ovarian, and endometrial.
University-community Partnerships: Demystifying the Process of Engagement

ABSTRACT The emergence of community engagement in higher education and the renewed emphasis on community involvement presents greater opportunities for strengthening university-community partnerships for the common good. These partnerships are nurtured through a range of processes that can be leveraged to address critical issues in local communities. A qualitative inquiry conducted at six universities nationally with academics, administrators and students suggest that there are certain key processes that underpin how universities engage with communities. A thematic analysis of data reveals that building partnerships, the co-production of knowledge and collaboration are some of the key processes that guide the way these universities engage with their communities.
Memory-based attentional biases survive spatial suppression driven by selection history

ABSTRACT Information in visual working memory that is only prospectively relevant can nevertheless guide attention towards memory matching visual input. Previous studies demonstrated that such memory-based attentional biases can be modulated by top-down processing strategies. Here we examined whether attentional capture by memory matching distractors is also modulated by more implicit biases stemming from selection history. Observers performed a visual search task while holding a colour in memory for a subsequent task. Crucially, a coloured distractor in the search display not only matched the memory content half of the time, it also appeared on one location more often than on all other locations. Consistent with statistical learning having a strong impact on attentional priorities, attentional capture by the distractor was attenuated at high probability distractor locations. The additional slowing by memory matching distractors, however, was the same at suppressed and non-suppressed locations. We interpret this finding as evidence that memory-based feature biases are independent from learned spatial biases.
Suicin 3908, a New Lantibiotic Produced by a Strain of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Isolated from a Healthy Carrier Pig

While Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is known to cause severe infections in pigs, it can also be isolated from the tonsils of healthy animals that do not develop infections. We hypothesized that S. suis strains in healthy carrier pigs may have the ability to produce bacteriocins, which may contribute to preventing infections by pathogenic S. suis strains. Two of ten S. suis serotype 2 strains isolated from healthy carrier pigs exhibited antibacterial activity against pathogenic S. suis isolates. The bacteriocin produced by S. suis 3908 was purified to homogeneity using a three-step procedure: ammonium sulfate precipitation, cationic exchange HPLC, and reversed-phase HPLC. The bacteriocin, called suicin 3908, had a low molecular mass; was resistant to heat, pH, and protease treatments; and possessed membrane permeabilization activity. Additive effects were obtained when suicin 3908 was used in combination with penicillin G or amoxicillin. The amino acid sequence of suicin 3908 suggested that it is lantibiotic-related and made it possible to identify a bacteriocin locus in the genome of S. suis D12. The putative gene cluster involved in suicin production by S. suis 3908 was amplified by PCR, and the sequence analysis revealed the presence of nine open reading frames (ORFs), including the structural gene and those required for the modification of amino acids, export, regulation, and immunity. Suicin 3908, which is encoded by the suiA gene, exhibited approximately 50% identity with bovicin HJ50 (Streptococcus bovis), thermophilin 1277 (Streptococcus thermophilus), and macedovicin (Streptococcus macedonicus). Given that S. suis 3908 cannot cause infections in animal models, that it is susceptible to conventional antibiotics, and that it produces a bacteriocin with antibacterial activity against all pathogenic S. suis strains tested, it could potentially be used to prevent infections and to reduce antibiotic use by the swine industry.
Exponential stabilization of infinitesimally rigid formations

In this paper, we explore exponential stability of infinitesimally rigid formations under the distance-based control approach. We convert the formation maintenance problem into stabilization problem of the error dynamics, and analyze the stability of the equilibrium point of the error dynamics. A basic assumption is that the desired formation shape is represented by an infinitesimally rigid framework. From the fact that any infinitesimally rigid framework contains a infinitesimally minimally rigid subframework, we view the error dynamics as a perturbed system with vanishing perturbation. Then the nominal system is derived from the infinitesimally minimally rigid subframework with guaranteed exponential stability. Then we apply the perturbed system theory to show the exponential stability of the original system.
IP network construction learning system utilizing virtual router

The purpose of this study is to give students a hands-on practical learning for IP network skills. It is important for students to operate network devices repeatedly to learn network skills. However, in practical learning with real network devices, students need a number of network devices. For this reason, it is not easy for students to prepare environment to be able to practice freely at any time. Therefore, we have developed a learning system to learn IP network skills on just one PC. Unlike existing network simulators, this system does not require students to learn scripting language to make scenarios. This system enables students to practice network skills freely and virtually on just one PC. We have implemented this system by applying the virtual Linux environment User Mode Linux. This system consists of virtual routers, virtual hosts, and operating functions. In this research, this system is primarily intended to practice operation of routing on virtual routers. To evaluate, this system was experimented. The results indicated that this system had sufficient performance for introductory network courses for undergraduate students.
Interference Modeling in CSMA Multi-Hop Wireless Networks

In analytical studies of multi-hop wireless networks, the spatial distribution of transmitters is typically modeled using a homogeneous Poisson point process. In this report, we show why such a modeling is inaccurate and leads to an inappropriate interference distribution in the case of CSMA/CA networks. We then study a more realistic model, the Matern point process, which still reveals some unexpected flaws such as an under-estimation of the transmitters density. To get round these limitations, we propose the use of an alternate model, referred to as the \emph{Simple Sequential Inhibition} (SSI) point process, which we assert being a valuable and more appropriate model for CSMA/CA networks. We present some analytical results on the Matern and the SSI model and study by simulation the interference distribution resulting from the different point processes.