Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive validity index for clustering

Cluster validity indices are used for both estimating the quality of a clustering algorithm and for determining the correct number of clusters in data. Even though several indices exist in the literature, most of them are only relevant for data sets that contain at least two clusters. This paper introduces a new bounded index for cluster validity called the score function (SF), a double exponential expression that is based on a ratio of standard cluster parameters. Several artificial and real-life data sets are used to evaluate the performance of the score function. These data sets contain a range of features and patterns such as unbalanced, overlapped and noisy clusters. In addition, cases involving sub-clusters and perfect clusters are tested. The score function is tested against six previously proposed validity indices. In the case of hyper-spheroidal clusters, the index proposed in this paper is found to be always as good or better than these indices. In addition, it is shown to work well on multidimensional and noisy data sets. One of its advantages is the ability to handle single cluster case and sub-cluster hierarchies.
Local Activity-tuned Image Filtering for Noise Removal and Image Smoothing

In this paper, two local activity-tuned filtering frameworks are proposed for noise removal and image smoothing, where the local activity measurement is given by the clipped and normalized local variance or standard deviation. The first framework is a modified anisotropic diffusion for noise removal of piece-wise smooth image. The second framework is a local activity-tuned Relative Total Variation (LAT-RTV) method for image smoothing. Both frameworks employ the division of gradient and the local activity measurement to achieve noise removal. In addition, to better capture local information, the proposed LAT-RTV uses the product of gradient and local activity measurement to boost the performance of image smoothing. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods on various applications, including depth image filtering, clip-art compression artifact removal, image smoothing, and image denoising.
Physics beyond the Standard Model from hydrogen spectroscopy

Abstract Spectroscopy of hydrogen can be used for a search into physics beyond the Standard Model. Differences between the absorption spectra of the Lyman and Werner bands of H2 as observed at high redshift and those measured in the laboratory can be interpreted in terms of possible variations of the proton–electron mass ratio μ = m p / m e over cosmological history. Investigation of ten such absorbers in the redshift range z = 2.0 –4.2 yields a constraint of | Δ μ / μ | 5 × 10 - 6 at 3σ. Observation of H2 from the photospheres of white dwarf stars inside our Galaxy delivers a constraint of similar magnitude on a dependence of μ on a gravitational potential 10 4 times as strong as on the Earth’s surface. While such astronomical studies aim at finding quintessence in an indirect manner, laboratory precision measurements target such additional quantum fields in a direct manner. Laser-based precision measurements of dissociation energies, vibrational splittings and rotational level energies in H2 molecules and their deuterated isotopomers HD and D2 produce values for the rovibrational binding energies fully consistent with quantum ab initio calculations including relativistic and quantum electrodynamical (QED) effects. Similarly, precision measurements of high-overtone vibrational transitions of HD+ ions, captured in ion traps and sympathetically cooled to mK temperatures, also result in transition frequencies fully consistent with calculations including QED corrections. Precision measurements of inter-Rydberg transitions in H2 can be extrapolated to yield accurate values for level splittings in the H 2 + -ion. These comprehensive results of laboratory precision measurements on neutral and ionic hydrogen molecules can be interpreted to set bounds on the existence of possible fifth forces and of higher dimensions, phenomena describing physics beyond the Standard Model.
(μ-6-Oxido-4-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylato-κ4 O 5,O 6:O 2,N 3)bis[aquabis(4-oxido-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-3-ium-5-carboxylato-κ2 O 4,O 5)(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)neodymium(III)] hexahydrate

The water-coordinated neodymium(III) atom in the centrosymmetric title compound, [Nd2(C5H2N2O4)(C5H3N2O4)4(C12H8N2)2(H2O)2]·6H2O is chelated by a 1,10-phenanthroline heterocycle and two 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxylate dianions. Two tris-chelated water-coordinated units are bridged by a 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxylate dianion, which is disordered about a center of inversion. The metal center has a monocapped square-antiprismatic coordination.
Metabolite profiling and pathway analysis of acute hepatitis rats by UPLC‐ESI MS combined with pattern recognition methods

Metabolomics is comprehensive analysis of low‐molecular‐weight endogenous metabolites in a biological sample. It could enable mapping of perturbations of early biochemical changes in diseases and hence provide an opportunity to develop predictive biomarkers that could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of diseases. The aim of this study was to elucidate the changes in endogenous metabolites and to phenotype the metabolic profiling of d‐galactosamine (GalN)‐inducing acute hepatitis in rats by UPLC‐ESI MS.
Euripides’ Corinthian Princess in the Aeneid

s he begins his commentary on the fourth book of the Aeneid, Servius declares the entire book to be derived from Apollonius’ depiction of Medea in love in the third book of the Argonautica: Apollonius Argonautica scripsit et in tertio inducit amantem Medeam: inde totus hic liber translatus est.1 While the makeup of Dido’s character is one of the most complex in the poem (it alludes to, among others, Nausicaa, Ariadne, and Cleopatra2), Medea may be the most powerful and sustained presence. Two Medeas are evoked in Vergil’s depiction of his heroine. Encouraged by Venus and Juno to fall in love with the handsome stranger who needs her help to continue on his quest, Dido is likened to the young Medea of Apollonius. In the bitter exchange of speeches with Aeneas, and her turn to magic in despair, she is linked to the older, aggrieved Medea of Euripides.3 But there are echoes in the poem that point to another young princess, similar in many ways to the young Medea of Apollonius, but tragically connected to the destructive Medea of Euripides.4 My goal is to explore Dido’s relationship to the Corinthian princess who burns and melts by Medea’s design in Euripides’ play. I will argue that this additional Euripidean connection complicates the allusions to Medea and sheds new light on two important episodes, the gift-giving scene in Book 1 and Dido’s suicide in Book 4.5 I will also show that, once initiated through the character of Dido, the presence of the princess contributes to the allusive makeup of other characters, especially Creusa and Lavinia, who are connected to each other and to Dido within the poem through their relationship to Aeneas.
The regulation of cellular transcription by Simian virus 40 large T-antigen

The transforming protein of Simian virus 40 (SV40), large T-antigen, regulates transcription both positively and negatively during the productive infection cycle. We have isolated a number of cellular genes which are expressed at elevated levels in SV40-transformed cells and have used these to study the mechanism or mechanisms by which the viral transforming protein regulates cellular gene expression. Small RNAs homologous to the mouse B2 repetitive sequence family are found at higher levels in transformed cells than in normal cells and we have shown that pure large T-antigen stimulates transcription of such repeats by RNA polymerase III. A class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene is also activated as a result of SV40 transformation and we have used DNA-mediated gene transfer to study how this gene is regulated by large T-antigen.
Cloning of the cDNA for the serine protease homolog CAP37/azurocidin, a microbicidal and chemotactic protein from human granulocytes.

Human cationic antimicrobial protein (CAP37) is a neutrophil granule protein with monocyte chemotactic and antibacterial activity. A CAP37 cDNA clone of 899 bp was isolated from an HL-60 cDNA library using degenerate oligonucleotide probes based on partial N-terminal sequence of the CAP37 protein. The cDNA sequence predicts an open reading frame of 753 bp encoding a protein of 251 amino acids. A 26-residue eukaryotic signal peptide and a potential 7 amino acid pro-peptide are present at the N-terminus of the protein. The cDNA sequence also predicts three N-linked glycosylation attachment sites and eight intramolecular cysteines. The deduced amino acid sequence of CAP37 shows 44, 42, and 32% homology at the amino acid level to neutrophil elastase, myeloblastin, and cathepsin G, respectively, suggesting that CAP37 is a member of the serine protease gene family. CAP37 does not possess serine protease activity probably due to mutations in two of three residues in the catalytic triad of the "charge relay system. " Whereas CAP37 is expressed in undifferentiated HL-60 cells no message is detected in mature neutrophils.
Sliding mode control design principles and applications to electric drives

The basic concepts, mathematics, and design aspects of variable-structure systems as well as those with sliding modes as a principle operation mode are treated. The main arguments in favor of sliding-mode control are order reduction, decoupling design procedure, disturbance rejection, insensitivity to parameter variations, and simple implementation by means of power converters. The control algorithms and data processing used in variable structure systems are analyzed. The potential of sliding mode control methodology is demonstrated for versatility of electric drives and functional goals of control. >
Coherence And Chaos In A Quantum Optical System

The quantum behavior of periodically kicked, nonlinear Hamiltonian systems can reflect the classical dynamics be it regular or chaotic. Early work focused on the change in quasienergy statistics of the quantum problem as the corresponding classical realization moved into the chaotic regime. ' More recently, it has been shown that the classical transition to chaos is reflected in the appearance of irregular collapses and revivals in the time evolution of certain moments, 2 as opposed to a regular collapse and revival sequence in the nonchaotic case. However, in many ways it is becoming clear that classically chaotic behavior is drastically modified if not eliminated by quantization. This is very evident in the quantum suppression of energy diffusion, for example in the kicked rotor, due to complicated interference effects reminiscent of Anderson localization. 5 In this phenomenon we see the signature of the most characteristic feature of quantum mechanics, coherent superposition states, a feature at the heart of the less intuitive aspects of the theory. The quantum suppression of chaotic diffusion is the one aspect of quantum chaos which has been subjected to experimental test. 6 The microwave ionization of hydrogen can be closely modeled by the combined eff'ects of the Coulomb field and an oscillating electric field. Numerical results indicate that the observed threshold for ionization follows the classical threshold for the appearance of a chaotic instability in a suitable parameter range. Bayfield et al. have recently presented results which clearly indicate the localization phenomenon discussed above. The search is now on for other systems which may enable yet more direct tests of the unusual quantum dynamics of nonintegrable systems. Most recently Prange and Fishman' have suggested that the nonlinear behavior of fields in optical fibers may provide simple realizations of the dynamics of kicked nonlinear systems. In their proposal, the field is not quantized but the nonlinear wave interactions in the fiber are analogous to a quantum kicked system. In this Rapid Communication I wish to present a relatively simple, fully quantum model, which may enable a direct experimental test of a kicked nonlinear system. Consider a single-mode field propagating in a medium with an intensity-dependent refractive index. This could be an optical fiber or a nonlinear material placed in a cavity. The single-mode field is well described in terms of the dynamics of a simple harmonic oscillator. The effect of the nonlinearity is then to induce an energy-dependent a —i@a aa (2)
Engagement with Artificial Intelligence through Natural Interaction Models

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems become more ubiquitous, what user experience design paradigms will be used by humans to impart their needs and intents to an AI system, in order to engage in a more social interaction? In our work, we look mainly at expression and creativity based systems, where the AI both attempts to model or understand/assist in processes of human expression and creativity. We therefore have designed and implemented a prototype system with more natural interaction modes for engagement with AI as well as other human computer interaction (HCI) where a more open natural communication stream is beneficial. Our proposed conversational agent system makes use of the affective signals from the gestural behaviour of the user and the semantic information from the speech input in order to generate a personalised, human-like conversation that is expressed in the visual and conversational output of the 3D virtual avatar system. We describe our system and two application spaces we are using it in - a care advisor / assistant for the elderly and an interactive creative assistant for uses to produce art forms.
Production of glycolipid biosurfactants by basidiomycetous yeasts

BSs (biosurfactants) produced by various micro‐organisms show unique properties (e.g. mild production conditions, lower toxicity, higher biodegradability and environmental compatibility) compared with chemically synthesized surfactants. The numerous advantages of BSs have prompted applications not only in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries but also in environmental protection and energy‐saving technology. Among BSs, glycolipid types are the most promising, owing to their high productivity from renewable resources and versatile biochemical properties. MELs (mannosylerythritol lipids), which are glycolipid BSs abundantly produced by basidiomycetous yeasts such as strains of Pseudozyma, exhibit not only excellent interfacial properties, but also remarkable differentiation‐inducing activities against human leukaemia cells. MELs also show high binding affinity towards different immunoglobulins and lectins. Recently, a cationic liposome bearing MEL has been demonstrated to increase dramatically the efficiency of gene transfection into mammalian cells. These features of BSs should broaden their application in new advanced technologies. In the present review the current status of research and development on glycolipid BSs, especially their production by Pseudozyma yeasts, is described.
Clinical trials of PUFAs in depression: State of the art

Omega fatty acid treatment of depression is an unusual story in psychopharmacology in that the use and study of these compounds were advanced in cardiovascular disease before becoming of interest in psychiatry. Given the absence of an easily patentable derivative it is a tribute to the field that enough studies have accumulated for a reasonable review of omega-3 treatment of depression at this time. On the other hand, it is clearly not possible to compare the number of studies, variety of studies and the number of participants in each study with Federal Drug Administration style registration trials of patented antidepressant drugs. Most of the available studies of omega-3 in depression have been investigator initiated and use add-on design. This paper reviews 12 published and as yet unpublished clinical trials (all but one double-blind placebo-controlled) of polyunsaturated fatty acids in unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, and special populations with affective/depressive disorders. While overall results up to this point are encouraging, they are not unanimously positive. Outstanding issues that have not as yet been resolved include the dose of omega-3 necessary and the length of time required for significant response. Moreover, the complex issue of the relationship between two possible active ingredients, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, remains unresolved.
CORONARY Predictors , Trends , and Outcomes ( AmongOlder Patients $ 65 Years of Age ) AssociatedWithBeta-BlockerUseinPatients With Stable Angina Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Insights From the NCDR Registry

OBJECTIVES This study sought to examine predictors, trends, and outcomes associated with b-blocker prescriptions at discharge in patients with stable angina without prior history of myocardial infarction (MI) or systolic heart failure (HF) undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND The benefits of b-blockers in patients with MI and/or systolic HF are well established. However, whether b-blockers affect outcomes in patients with stable angina, especially after PCI, remains uncertain. METHODS We included patients with stable angina without prior history of MI, left ventricular systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction <40%) or systolic HF undergoing elective PCI between January 2005 and March 2013 from the hospitals enrolled in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR) CathPCI registry. These patients were retrospectively analyzed for predictors and trends of b-blocker prescriptions at discharge. All-cause mortality (primary endpoint), revascularization, or hospitalization related to MI, HF, or stroke at 30-day and 3-year follow-up were analyzed among patients $65 years of age. RESULTS A total of 755,215 patients from 1,443 sites were studied, and 71.4% population of our cohort was discharged on b-blockers. At 3-year follow-up among patients $65 years of age with CMS data linkage (16.3% of the studied population), there was no difference in adjusted mortality rate (14.0% vs. 13.3%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96 to 1.03; p 1⁄4 0.84), MI (4.2% vs. 3.9%; adjusted HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.93 to 1.07; p 1⁄4 0.92), stroke (2.3% vs. 2.0%; adjusted HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.18; p 1⁄4 0.14) or revascularization (18.2% vs. 17.8%; adjusted HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.01; p 1⁄4 0.10) with b-blocker prescription. However, discharge on b-blockers was associated with more HF readmissions at 3-year follow-up (8.0% vs. 6.1%; adjusted HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.25; p < 0.001). Results at 30-day follow-up were broadly consistent as well. During the period between 2005 and 2013, there was a gradual increase in prescription of b-blockers at the index discharge in our cohort (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among patients $65 years of age with history of stable angina without prior MI, systolic HF or left ventricular ejection fraction <40% undergoing elective PCI, b-blocker use at discharge was not associated with any reduction in cardiovascular morbidity or mortality at 30-day and at 3-year follow-up. Over time, b-blockers use at discharge in this population has continued to increase. (J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2016;9:1639–48) © 2016 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. ABBR EV I A T I ON S
ZnO nanowire-based nano-floating gate memory with Pt nanocrystals embedded in Al2O3 gate oxides

The memory characteristics of ZnO nanowire-based nano-floating gate memory (NFGM) with Pt nanocrystals acting as the floating gate nodes were investigated in this work. Pt nanocrystals were embedded between Al2O3 tunneling and control oxide layers deposited on ZnO nanowire channels. For a representative ZnO nanowire-based NFGM with embedded Pt nanocrystals, a threshold voltage shift of 3.8 V was observed in its drain current versus gate voltage (IDS–VGS) measurements for a double sweep of the gate voltage, revealing that the deep effective potential wells built into the nanocrystals provide our NFGM with a large charge storage capacity. Details of the charge storage effect observed in this memory device are discussed in this paper.
Correlations for Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence for Iranian Children

This study focused on the relationship between the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised (WISC—R) and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) given to 40 6-yr. -old Iranian children. Pearson correlations between the WISC—R and the WPPSI IQs and between scaled scores on the corresponding subtests were significant. The comparison of mean IQs and scaled scores indicates that the WISC—R yielded a significantly higher Verbal IQ and higher scores on Information, Vocabulary, Comprehension, and Picture Completion than the WPPSI. The mean difference between corresponding Verbal and Full Scale IQs was not significant. These results suggest that scores on the two instruments correlated well for these 6-yr. -old Iranian children and the content on which IQs for the recently restandardized WISC—R and WPPSI are based are related.
T Cell Response to Human Papillomavirus 16 E7 in Mice: Comparison of Cr Release Assay, Intracellular IFN-γ Production, ELISPOT and Tetramer Staining

Successful vaccination against infections by high-risk papillomaviruses aiming at the prevention of cervical cancer most likely requires the induction of neutralizing antibodies and human papillomavirus (HPV)-specific T cells directed against early viral proteins such as E7. Whereas the technology for detection of antibodies is well established, measurement of T cells is more cumbersome and standardization of assays is difficult. By using chromium release assay, ELISPOT, tetramer staining and intracellular IFN-γ assay, we compared the levels of HPV 16 E7-specific T cells obtained after immunization of C57BL/6 mice with different DNA expression vectors. We found that all four assays gave highly comparable results. ELISPOT can be recommended for future studies as it indicates the presence of activated (i.e. IFN-γ-secreting) T cells in a quantitative manner and combines high sensitivity with relatively low T cell demand.
A Representation Learning and Pairwise Ranking for Implicit Feedback in Recommendation Systems

Sumit Sidana, LIG CNRS University of Grenoble Alpes Mikhail Trofimov, Dorodnitsyn Computing Center of Russian Academy of Sciences Oleg Horodnitskii, CES, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Charlotte Laclau, LIG CNRS University of Grenoble Alpes Yury Maximov, CES, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Theoretical Division T-4 & Center for Non-Linear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory Massih-Reza Amini, LIG CNRS University of Grenoble Alpes