Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acetonitrile{3-[bis(2-pyridylmethyl-κN)amino-κN]propanol-κO}(perchlorato-κO)copper(II) perchlorate

In the title compound, [Cu(ClO(4))(C(2)H(3)N)(C(15)H(19)N(3)O)]ClO(4), the Cu(II) ion is coordinated by three N atoms and a hydroxyl-O atom of the tetra-dentate ligand, an O atom of a perchlorate ion and an N atom of an acetonitrile ligand giving a tetra-gonally distorted octa-hedral environment around the copper(II) atom. There is an offset inter-complex face-to-face π-π inter-action [centroid-centroid distance = 3.718 (2) Å] involving one of the pyridine rings of the ligand as well as an intra-complex O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-action between the coordinated hydroxyl group of the ligand and the perchlorate counter-ion.
Critical Mass of a Distributed End-System Monitoring Service

The Peer-to-Peer paradigm to utilize resources at the edge of a network offers a wide area of application scenarios based on services like file sharing and GRID computing. In this paper, we employ the P2P paradigm to provide a monitoring service for network statistics to end-users, network operators or interested applications. The basic principle is that end-user devices monitor local observable data e.g. bandwidth consumption and packet loss. This data is then organized in a P2P-based distributed directory. In this paper we estimate the potential of such a service by applying it to a simple topology discovery problem. The question we answer is the number of peers and connections needed to discover a certain percentage of network topology and how long this will take. To answer that question, a simulator was implemented that is composed of different abstraction layers. It allows estimating a critical mass of peers that is necessary to cover a given percentage of random network topologies.
Revealing the secrets of neuronal circuits with recombinant rabies virus technology

An understanding of how the brain processes information requires knowledge of the architecture of its underlying neuronal circuits, as well as insights into the relationship between architecture and physiological function. A range of sophisticated tools is needed to acquire this knowledge, and recombinant rabies virus (RABV) is becoming an increasingly important part of this essential toolbox. RABV has been recognized for years for its properties as a synapse-specific trans-neuronal tracer. A novel genetically modified variant now enables the investigation of specific monosynaptic connections. This technology, in combination with other genetic, physiological, optical, and computational tools, has enormous potential for the visualization of neuronal circuits, and for monitoring and manipulating their activity. Here we will summarize the latest developments in this fast moving field and provide a perspective for the use of this technology for the dissection of neuronal circuit structure and function in the normal and diseased brain.
Do Clarity Scores for Queries Correlate with User Performance?

Recently the concept of a clarity score was introduced in order to measure the ambiguity of a query in relation to the collection in which the query issuer is seeking information [Cronen-Townsend et al. Proc. ACM SIGIR2002, Tampere Finland, August 2002]. If the query is expressed in the "same language" as the whole collection then it has a low clarity score, otherwise it has a high score, where the similarity is the relative entropy of the query and collection models. Cronen-Townsend et al. show that clarity scores correlate directly with average precision, hence a query with a high clarity score is likely to produce relevant documents high in a list of resulting documents. Other authors, however, have shown that high precision does not necessarily correlate with increased user performance. In this paper we examine the correlation between user performance and clarity score. Using log files from user experiments conducted within the framework of the TREC Interactive Track, we measure the clarity score of all user queries, and their actual performance on the searching task. Our results show that there is no correlation between the clarity of a query and user performance. The results also demonstrate that users were able to slightly improve their queries, so that subsequent queries had slightly higher clarity scores than initial queries, but this was not dependent on the quality of the system they used, nor the user's searching experience.
Automatic Knowledge Acquisition and Maintenance for Semantic Query Optimization

The authors present an approach to acquiring knowledge from previously processed queries. By using newly acquired knowledge together with given semantic knowledge, it is possible to make the query processor and/or optimizer more intelligent so that future queries can b processed more efficiently. The acquired knowledge is in the form of constraints. While some constraints are to be enforced for all database states, others are known to be valid for the current state of the database. The former constraints are statistic integrity constraints, while the latter are called dynamic integrity constraints. Some situations in which certain dynamic semantic constraints can be automatically extracted are identified. This automatic tool for knowledge acquisition can also be used as an interactive tool for identifying potential static integrity constraints. The concept of minimal knowledge base is introduced, and a method to maintain the knowledge base is presented. An algorithm to compute the restriction (selection) closure, i.e. all deductible restrictions, from a given set of restrictions, join predicates (as given in a query), and constraints is given. >
Enhancement of Lexical Concepts Using Cross-lingual Web Mining

Sets of lexical items sharing a significant aspect of their meaning (concepts) are fundamental in linguistics and NLP. Manual concept compilation is labor intensive, error prone and subjective. We present a web-based concept extension algorithm. Given a set of terms specifying a concept in some language, we translate them to a wide range of intermediate languages, disambiguate the translations using web counts, and discover additional concept terms using symmetric patterns. We then translate the discovered terms back into the original language, score them, and extend the original concept by adding back-translations having high scores. We evaluate our method in 3 source languages and 45 intermediate languages, using both human judgments and WordNet. In all cases, our cross-lingual algorithm significantly improves high quality concept extension.
Comparison of Flooding Techniques for Safety Applications in VANETs

In this paper, we study safety applications in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). More specifically we concentrate on emergency situations after a car crash in a platoon of vehicles which have wireless transmission capabilities. In order to avoid multiple collisions, vehicles should exchange emergency information as quickly as possible. To extend the area in which the emergency information is sent, they must relay it. In this article, we study various techniques to disseminate emergency data within a platoon of cars. We examine three different techniques : the pure flooding, the multipoint relay (MPR) diffusion mechanism of OLSR [1] and a geographic aware flooding technique as described in [2]. Different realistic scenarios are considered; we scrutinize various parameters such as vehicle density, and background traffic load.
Creative Motor Actions As Emerging from Movement Variability

In cognitive science, creative ideas are defined as original and feasible solutions in response to problems. A common proposal is that creative ideas are generated across dedicated cognitive pathways. Only after creative ideas have emerged, they can be enacted to solve the problem. We present an alternative viewpoint, based upon the dynamic systems approach to perception and action, that creative solutions emerge in the act rather than before. Creative actions, thus, are as much a product of individual constraints as they are of the task and environment constraints. Accordingly, we understand creative motor actions as functional movement patterns that are new to the individual and/or group and adapted to satisfy the constraints on the motor problem at hand. We argue that creative motor actions are promoted by practice interventions that promote exploration by manipulating constraints. Exploration enhances variability of functional movement patterns in terms of either coordination or control solutions. At both levels, creative motor actions can emerge from finding new and degenerate adaptive motor solutions. Generally speaking, we anticipate that in most cases, when exposed to variation in constraints, people are not looking for creative motor actions, but discover them while doing an effort to satisfy constraints. For future research, this paper achieves two important aspects: it delineates how adaptive (movement) variability is at the heart of (motor) creativity, and it sets out methodologies toward stimulating adaptive variability.
Parametric strong gravitational lensing analysis of Abell 1689

We have derived the mass distribution of galaxy cluster Abell 1689 within 0.3 h -1 70 Mpc of the cluster centre using its strong lensing (SL) effect on 32 background galaxies, which are mapped in altogether 107 multiple images. The multiple images are based on some from the literature with modifications to both include new and exclude some of the original image systems. The cluster profile is explored further out to ∼2.5 h -1 70 Mpc with weak lensing (WL) shear measurements from the literature. The masses of ∼200 cluster galaxies are measured with the Fundamental Plane (FP) in order to model accurately the small-scale mass structure in the cluster. The cluster galaxies are modelled as elliptical truncated isothermal spheres. The scalings of the truncation radii with the velocity dispersions of galaxies are assumed to match those of: (i) field galaxies; and (ii) theoretical expectations for galaxies in dense environments. The dark matter (DM) component of the cluster is described by either non-singular isothermal ellipsoids (NSIE) or elliptical versions of the universal DM profile (elliptical Navarro, Frenk & White, ENFW). To account for substructure in the DM we allow for two DM haloes. The fitting of a non-singular isothermal sphere (NSIS) to the smooth DM component results in a velocity dispersion of 1450 +39 -31 km s -1 and a core radius of 77 +10 -8 h -1 70 kpc, while a Navarro, Frenk & White (NFW) profile has an r 200 of 2.86 ± 0.16 h -1 70 Mpc (M 200 = 3.2 x 10 15 M ⊙ h 70 ) and a concentration of 4.7 +0.6 -0.5 . The total mass profile is well described by either a NSIS profile with σ = 1514 +18 -17 km s -1 and a core radius of r c = 71 ± 5 h -1 70 kpc, or an NFW profile with C = 6.0 ± 0.5 and r 200 = 2.82 ± 0.11 h -1 70 Mpc (M 200 = 3.0 x 10 15 M ⊙ h 70 ). The errors are assumed to be due to the error in assigning masses to the individual galaxies in the galaxy component. Their small size is due to the very strong constraints imposed by multiple images and the ability of the smooth DM component to adjust to uncertainties in the galaxy masses. The agreement in the total mass profile between this work and that of the literature is better than 1σ at all radii, despite the considerable differences in the methodology used. Using the same image configuration as used in the literature, we obtain a SL model that is superior to some in the literature (rms of 2.7 compared to 3.2 arcsec). This is very surprising considering the larger freedom in the surface mass profile in their grid modelling. The difference is most likely a result of the careful inclusion of the cluster galaxies. Using also WL shear measurements from the literature, we can constrain the profile further out to r ∼2.5 h -1 70 Mpc. The best-fitting parameters change to a = 1499 ± 15 km s -1 and r c = 66 ± 5 h -1 70 kpc for the NSIS profile and C = 7.6 ± 0.5 and r 200 = 2.55 ± 0.07 h -1 70 Mpc (M 200 = 2.3 x 10 15 M ⊙ h 70 ) for the NFW profile.
A comparison of time-motion analysis methods for field based sports.

PURPOSE To assess the validity of a digitizing time-motion-analysis method for field-based sports and compare this with a notational-analysis method using rugby-union match play. METHOD Five calibrated video cameras were located around a rugby pitch, and 1 subject completed prescribed movements within each camera's view. Running speeds were measured using photocell timing gates. Two experienced operators digitized video data (operator 1 on 2 occasions) to allow 2-dimensional reconstruction of the prescribed movements. RESULTS Accuracy for total distance calculated was within 2.1% of the measured distance. For intraoperator and interoperator reliability, calculated distances were within 0.5% and 0.9%, respectively. Calculated speed was within 8.0% of measured photocell speed with intraoperator and interoperator reliability of 3.4% and 6.0%, respectively. For the method comparison, two 20-minute periods of rugby match play were analyzed for 5 players using the digitizing method and a notational time-motion method. For the 20-minute periods, overall mean absolute differences between methods for percentage time spent and distances covered performing different activities were 3.5% and 198.1 +/- 138.1 m, respectively. Total number of changes in activity per 20 minutes were 184 +/- 24 versus 458 +/- 48, and work-to-rest ratios, 10.0%:90.0% and 7.3%:92.7% for notational and digitizing methods, respectively. CONCLUSION The digitizing method is accurate and reliable for gaining detailed information on work profiles of field-sport participants and provides applied researchers richer data output than the conventional notational method.
Neuroendocrine-immune relationships between emotion regulation and health in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES Emotion regulation is hypothesized to be related to health through neuroendocrine-immune changes. This study examined the role of the neuroendocrine variables 24-h urinary cortisol and noradrenaline, and the immune variable serum interleukin 6 as mediators between emotion regulation styles and health (perceived health and disease activity: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and Thompson joint score). METHODS Sixty patients with rheumatoid arthritis (mean age 59.0+/-11.2 yr; 38 female) participated. RESULTS Emotion regulation was not associated with immune functioning or disease activity, but it was somewhat related to neuroendocrine functioning: one of the emotion regulation styles, ambiguity, was related to noradrenaline in women (r = 0.39) but not in men. The indicators of neuroendocrine functioning (cortisol and noradrenaline) were correlated (r = 0.40), as were indicators of immune functioning (interleukin 6) and inflammatory activity (ESR; r = 0.53), but analyses did not indicate a role of these physiological variables in mediating between emotion regulation and health: neuroendocrine variables were not related to interleukin 6 or ESR, and none of the physiological parameters was correlated with joint score or perceived health. CONCLUSIONS To examine whether the proposed mediational processes apply to individual patients, a longitudinal within-subjects design is needed. In our cross-sectional study, emotion regulation was somewhat related to neuroendocrine functioning, but our study did not uncover a potential mediational role of cortisol, noradrenaline or interleukin 6 in the relationship between emotion regulation and health in rheumatoid arthritis.
The making of a middlerace: The social politics surrounding Black-White interracial marriages and Black White biracial identity

In an attempt to uncover the social politics surrounding Black-White interracial marriages and Black-White biracial identity, this thesis investigates outsiders' and insiders' perspectives on the issues. Black and White participants of the study reported positive attitudes toward Black-White interracial marriage, while they reported negative attitudes toward Black-White biracial individuals. No statistically significant differences were found between Blacks and Whites in attitudes toward Black-White interracial marriages and Black-White biracial identity. No statistically significant differences were found between men and women, either. The insiders' reports, however, contradicted these findings. Both Black-White interracial couple and Black-White biracial adult participants of this study reported that society's (Blacks' and Whites') attitudes toward them were negative. Findings are discussed and ideas for future studies forwarded.
Combining an Angle Criterion with Voxelization and the Flying Voxel Method in Reconstructing Building Models from LiDAR Data

Abstract: Traditional documentation capabilities of laser scanning technology can be further exploited for urban modeling through the transformation of resulting point clouds into solid models compatible for computational analysis. This article introduces such a technique through the combination of an angle criterion and voxelization. As part of that, a k‐nearest neighbor (kNN) searching algorithm is implemented using a predefined number of kNN points combined with a maximum radius of the neighborhood, something not previously implemented. From this sample, points are categorized as boundary or interior points based on an angle criterion. Façade features are determined based on underlying vertical and horizontal grid voxels of the feature boundaries by a grid clustering technique. The complete building model involving all full voxels is generated by employing the Flying Voxel method to relabel voxels that are inside openings or outside the façade as empty voxels. Experimental results on three different buildings, using four distinct sampling densities showed successful detection of all openings, reconstruction of all building façades, and automatic filling of all improper holes. The maximum nodal displacement divergence was 1.6% compared to manually generated meshes from measured drawings. This fully automated approach rivals processing times of other techniques with the distinct advantage of extracting more boundary points, especially in less dense data sets (<175 points/m2), which may enable its more rapid exploitation of aerial laser scanning data and ultimately preclude needing a priori knowledge.
Regulation of Muscarinic Agonist‐Induced Activation of Phosphoinositidase C in Electrically Permeabilized SH‐SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells by Guanine Nucleotides

myo‐[3H]Inositol‐labelled SH‐SY5Y cells were permeabilized with electrical discharges. 3H‐Inositol phosphate formation in cells shown to be fully permeable was stimulated by the muscarinic agonist carbachol, by guanosine 5′‐(γ‐thio)triphosphate [GTP(S)], and by guanosine 5′‐(β‐thio)diphosphate (GppNHp). Synergism was observed on coincubation of these GTP analogues with carbachol. GTP was also stimulatory and guanosine 5′‐(β‐thio)diphosphate was inhibitory in the presence of agonist. Atropine blocked the effects of carbachol. Stimulation by GTP(S) (0.1 mM) occurred after a 1‐2‐min lag, whereas Ca2+ (0.5 mM), carbachol (1 mM), and carbachol plus GTP(S) stimulated without delay. The effects of carbachol plus GTP(S) but not those of Ca2+ were inhibited by spermine (4 mM). Accumulation of 3H‐inositol phosphates was enhanced by Li+ (4 mM) only in intact cells. In intact or permeabilized cells, the “partial” agonist arecoline was maximally 40–50% as efficacious as carbachol. In permeabilized cells, the maximal effects of carbachol and arecoline were enhanced 2.8‐ and 5.3‐fold, respectively, by 0.1 mM GTP(S), but only the EC50 for carbachol was substantially reduced. The binding affinity of carbachol but not that of arecoline in permeabilized cells was significantly reduced by 0.1 mM GppNHp. These data indicate that a guanine nucleotide‐binding regulatory protein is involved in coupling muscarinic receptors to phosphoinositidase C in SH‐SY5Y cells and that the activity of this protein influences the relationship between receptor occupation and phosphoinositide response.
Face detection using Local Hybrid Patterns

This paper examines a novel binary feature referred to as the Local Hybrid Patterns (LHP) that is generated by mixing highly discriminative bits of the binary local pattern features (BLPFs) such as the Local Binary Patterns (LBP), Local Gradient Patterns (LGP), and Mean LBP (MLBP). Starting with the most discriminative BLPF selected, the LHP generating algorithm iteratively updates the bits of the selected BLPF by replacing the least discriminative bit with the most discriminative bit of all the candidate BLPFs. At the expense of a small increase in computation, the LHP is guaranteed to give smaller or equal empirical error compared to any BLPFs considered in the pool. Experimental comparison of different sets of features consistently shows that the LHP leads to better performance than previously proposed methods under the AdaBoost face detection framework on MIT+CMU and FDDB benchmark datasets.
Non-cognitive symptoms in mild cognitive impairment subjects

The term mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is used to identify individuals with worse cognitive performance than those with normal aging, and who are at risk of dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although the MCI concept is based on the presence of specific cognitive deficits, several studies have shown that these subjects can develop depression, disruptive behaviors (e.g., agitation, aggression), and psychosis. In this study, we examined the baseline psychiatric characteristics of 228 MCI (Mean age: 71.2, Mini-mental State Examination [MMSE] score: 25.9) and 427 mildly demented Probable AD (Mean age: 73.2; Mean MMSE score: 23.5) subjects from a referral dementia clinic. The psychiatric assessment was conducted by geriatric psychiatrists using semi-structured interviews. The proportion of subjects with major depression (MCI: 7.5% vs. Probable AD: 8%) and aggression (MCI: 10% vs. Probable AD: 12.5%) was similar in the two groups. There were more Probable AD patients with psychomotor agitation (52% vs. 38%), delusions (29% vs.14%), and hallucinations (9% vs. 4%) than MCI subjects. Within MCI groups, we did not observe any differences between MCI subjects with amnesic syndrome versus MCI subjects with a much broader cognitive deficit. These results showed that the MCI syndrome is not circumscribed to a neuropsychological definition, but occurs with a wide range of psychiatric syndromes. Furthermore, it is possible that the development of disruptive behaviors and psychosis, in MCI subjects with no previous history of psychiatric illness, constitutes a strong indication that there is an underlying neurodegenerative disorder. This study was supported by grants AG03705, AG05133, AG16976, and AG20098 from the National Institute on Aging. JTB is recipient of a Research Scientist Development Award (Level II) (KO2-MH01077)