Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The interaction of vision and audition in two-dimensional space

Using a mouse-driven visual pointer, 10 participants made repeated open-loop egocentric localizations of memorized visual, auditory, and combined visual-auditory targets projected randomly across the two-dimensional frontal field (2D). The results are reported in terms of variable error, constant error and local distortion. The results confirmed that auditory and visual maps of the egocentric space differ in their precision (variable error) and accuracy (constant error), both from one another and as a function of eccentricity and direction within a given modality. These differences were used, in turn, to make predictions about the precision and accuracy within which spatially and temporally congruent bimodal visual-auditory targets are localized. Overall, the improvement in precision for bimodal relative to the best unimodal target revealed the presence of optimal integration well-predicted by the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) model. Conversely, the hypothesis that accuracy in localizing the bimodal visual-auditory targets would represent a compromise between auditory and visual performance in favor of the most precise modality was rejected. Instead, the bimodal accuracy was found to be equivalent to or to exceed that of the best unimodal condition. Finally, we described how the different types of errors could be used to identify properties of the internal representations and coordinate transformations within the central nervous system (CNS). The results provide some insight into the structure of the underlying sensorimotor processes employed by the brain and confirm the usefulness of capitalizing on naturally occurring differences between vision and audition to better understand their interaction and their contribution to multimodal perception.
In Vivo Neutralization of Unfractionated Heparin and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin by a Novel Salicylamide Derivative

Unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used anticoagulants for surgical and interventional use. Currently, the anticoagulant and bleeding effects of heparin are neutralized by protamine sulfate. There are several problems associated with the use of protamine sulfate, including allergic reactions, cardiovascular effects, heparin rebound, and incomplete neutralization of LMWHs. The objective of this investigation is to characterize the effectiveness of a novel salicylamide-derived heparin antagonist, PMX 60056, in neutralizing the antithrombotic and bleeding effects of UFH and LMWHs. Animals were first anticoagulated using an intravenous injection of UFH or LMWH followed by protamine sulfate or PMX 60056. Established animal models of hemorrhage (rat-tail transection) and thrombosis (jugular vein clamping) were then performed. Blood samples were collected for ex vivo analysis using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), anti-Xa, and anti-IIa assays. We demonstrate that PMX 60056 neutralized the antithrombotic, anticoagulant, and bleeding effects of heparins as effectively as protamine sulfate and may be slightly more efficacious against LMWHs. These results suggest that PMX 60056 may provide an improved approach for the neutralization of UFH and LMWHs.
Developmental Phonological Disorders: Foundations of Clinical Practice

TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword by Ray D. Kent Acknowledgements Part I: Phonology from a Developmental Perspective Chapter 1: Describing Phonological Knowledge at Multiple Levels of Representation Chapter 2: Speech Perception Development Chapter 3: Development of Speech Motor Control Chapter 4: Phonological Development Part II: A Holistic Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment Planning Chapter 5: Assessment of Children with Developmental Phonological Disorders Chapter 6: Speech Sample Analysis Chapter 7: Nature of Developmental Phonological Disorders Chapter 8: Treatment Planning Part III: Intervention at Multiple Levels of Representation Chapter 9: Input-Oriented Approaches to Intervention Chapter 10: Output-Oriented Approaches to Intervention Chapter 11: Phonological Approaches to Intervention Index
Environmental (in)dependence of a hybrid zone: Insights from molecular markers and ecological niche modeling in a hybrid zone of Origanum (Lamiaceae) on the island of Crete

Abstract The role of environment and the relative significance of endogenous versus exogenous selection in shaping hybrid zones have been crucial issues in the studies of hybridization. Recent advances in ecological niche modeling (ENM) offer new methodological tools, especially in combination with the genotyping of individuals in the hybrid zone. Here, we study the hybrid zone between the widely known spices Origanum onites and Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum in Crete. We analyze the genetic structure of both parental taxa and their hybrid Origanum × intercendens using AFLP markers on 15 sympatric and 12 allopatric populations and employ ecological niche modeling and niche similarity tests to study their niche patterns. We complement these analyses with seed viability measurements. Our study revealed that the hybridizing taxa O. onites and O. vulgare ssp. hirtum and the resulting genotypic classes showed geographical and environmental niche similarities based on the predictions of ENMs and the subsequent similarity tests. The occurrence of the hybrid zone is not directly dependent on environmental factors which favor the fitness of the hybrid compared to the parental taxa, but rather on aspects such as historical factors and management practices, which may contribute to the localization and maintenance of the contact zone between parental species. Our results suggest that if a minimum required niche differentiation between genotypic classes is not achieved, environmental dependence might not have a prominent role on the outcome of the hybridization.
Can Dataflow Subsume Von Neumann Computing?

We explore the question: "What can a von Neumann processor borrow from dataflow to make it more suitable for a multiprocessor? " Starting with a simple, "RISC-like" instruction set, we show how to change the underlying processor organization to make it multithreaded. Then, we extend it with three instructions that give it a fine-grained, dataflow capability. We call the result P-RISC, for "Parallel RISC. " Finally, we discuss memory support for such multiprocessors. We compare our approach to existing MIMD machines and to other dataflow machines.
Viperid Envenomation Wound Exudate Contributes to Increased Vascular Permeability via a DAMPs/TLR-4 Mediated Pathway

Viperid snakebite envenomation is characterized by inflammatory events including increase in vascular permeability. A copious exudate is generated in tissue injected with venom, whose proteomics analysis has provided insights into the mechanisms of venom-induced tissue damage. Hereby it is reported that wound exudate itself has the ability to induce increase in vascular permeability in the skin of mice. Proteomics analysis of exudate revealed the presence of cytokines and chemokines, together with abundant damage associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) resulting from both proteolysis of extracellular matrix and cellular lysis. Moreover, significant differences in the amounts of cytokines/chemokines and DAMPs were detected between exudates collected 1 h and 24 h after envenomation, thus highlighting a complex temporal dynamic in the composition of exudate. Pretreatment of mice with Eritoran, an antagonist of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), significantly reduced the exudate-induced increase in vascular permeability, thus suggesting that DAMPs might be acting through this receptor. It is hypothesized that an “Envenomation-induced DAMPs cycle of tissue damage” may be operating in viperid snakebite envenomation through which venom-induced tissue damage generates a variety of DAMPs which may further expand tissue alterations.
Accelerating Complex Event Processing through GPUs

Complex Event Processing (CEP) is a well-known technology in real-time Big Data processing systems. Performance of CEP engines is expected to scale with ever-increasing data rates and complex use cases. CEP operators like stream join and event patterns involve high computational complexity, hence, have a considerable impact on the overall query processing performance. Distributed event processing and CPU-level parallel event processing algorithms are common approaches for improving the performance. We explore how commodity massively parallel architectures like modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) can be utilized to improve the performance of frequently used CEP operators. We demonstrate how CEP operators such as event filter, event window, and stream join can be redesigned and implemented on GPUs to gain an order of magnitude improvement in throughput compared to a CPU-based implementation. This work is demonstrated using NVIDIA CUDA based implementation of CEP operators for Siddhi CEP engine on low-end GPUs. Moreover, this approach reduces event queuing at the incoming event queue, even with a large number of event streams, high arrival rates, and several complex queries. Consequently, the average latency experienced by incoming events is also reduced.
AID expression levels determine the extent of cMyc oncogenic translocations and the incidence of B cell tumor development

Immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype switching is a recombination event that changes the constant domain of antibody genes and is catalyzed by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Upon recruitment to Ig genes, AID deaminates cytidines at switch (S) recombination sites, leading to the formation of DNA breaks. In addition to their role in isotype switching, AID-induced lesions promote Igh-cMyc chromosomal translocations and tumor development. However, cMyc translocations are also present in lymphocytes from healthy humans and mice, and thus, it remains unclear whether AID directly contributes to the dynamics of B cell transformation. Using a plasmacytoma mouse model, we show that AID+/− mice have reduced AID expression levels and display haploinsufficiency both in the context of isotype switching and plasmacytomagenesis. At the Ig loci, AID+/− lymphocytes show impaired intra- and inter-switch recombination, and a substantial decrease in the frequency of S mutations and chromosomal breaks. In AID+/− mice, these defects correlate with a marked decrease in the accumulation of B cell clones carrying Igh-cMyc translocations during tumor latency. These results thus provide a causality link between the extent of AID enzymatic activity, the number of emerging Igh-cMyc–translocated cells, and the incidence of B cell transformation.
A 40 nm 0.32 V 3.5 MHz 11T single-ended bit-interleaving subthreshold SRAM with data-aware write-assist

This paper presents a new bit-interleaving 11T subthreshold SRAM cell with Data-Aware Power-Cutoff (DAPC) Write-assist to mitigate the leakage and variation and improve the Write-ability in deep sub-100nm technology. Measurement results from a 4 Kb test chip implemented in 40 nm General Purpose (40GP) CMOS technology operates for VDD down to 0.32 V (~0.69X of threshold voltage) with VDDMIN limited by Read operation. The measured maximum operation frequency is 3.5 MHz (16.5 MHz) at 0.32 V (0.38 V) with total power consumption of 15.2 μW (27.2 μW) at 25 °C.
A Survey of Routing Protocols in Wireless Body Sensor Networks

Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSNs) constitute a subset of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) responsible for monitoring vital sign-related data of patients and accordingly route this data towards a sink. In routing sensed data towards sinks, WBSNs face some of the same routing challenges as general WSNs, but the unique requirements of WBSNs impose some more constraints that need to be addressed by the routing mechanisms. This paper identifies various issues and challenges in pursuit of effective routing in WBSNs. Furthermore, it provides a detailed literature review of the various existing routing protocols used in the WBSN domain by discussing their strengths and weaknesses.
Revisiting the invisible college : a case study of the intellectual structure and social process of singularity theory research in mathematics

This study revisits the invisible college concept i n order to respond to Lievrouw’s (1990) question about whether it is a structure of scholarship measurable from outside elements (i. e., published documents) or a social process rooted in informal communication behaviours, perce ivable only to the researchers who carry out these behavio urs. Focusing on the Singularity Theory community in Mathematics, the combined research tec niques of Author Co-Citation Analysis, Social Network Analysis, and Ethnography of Communication are used show that an invisible college constitutes both elements identified by Lievrouw. An invisible college is defined and observed as a multidimensional phenomenon where three factors — t he subject specialty, the scientist/scholars as social actors, and the information use environment (IUE) — play interrelated roles in its orientation and growth.
Energy efficient cellular networks in the presence of delay tolerant users

Traditionally cellular networks have been dimensioned for providing seamless coverage and meeting the user demand with little regard to their energy consumption. Recently, the focus has been moved to seeking ways to increase the energy efficiency by better adapting to the existing users behaviors. In this paper, we are going a step further in studying a new type of disruptive service by trying to answer the question “What are the potential energy efficiency gains if some of the users are willing to tolerate delays? ”. We present an analytical model of the energy usage of LTE base stations, which provides lower bounds of the possible energy gains under a decentralized, non-cooperative setup. The model is analyzed in six different scenarios (such as micro-macro cell interaction and coverage redundancy) for varying traffic and user-tolerable delays. We show that it is possible to reduce the power consumption by up to 30%.
Theory of Electron in Scale Relativity

The question of the physical nature of the electron, of the electromagnetic eld and of gauge invariance is revisited in the framework of the theory of scale relativity. Space-time is described as a non-derivable "manifold", which implies that its geometry is fractal (i.e., it is explicitly dependent on the resolution scale). The electromagnetic eld can then be re-interpreted as a eld of dilations induced by displacements, while the electric charge is the conservative quantity that originates from the scale symmetry. This means that gauge transformations are identied with scale transformations on the resolution variables (which are internal to the electron, i.e., relevant at scales smaller than its Compton length). In this general framework, the Lorentz force and the Maxwell equations are derived from rst principles, and the QED-covariant derivative naturally emerges instead of being merely postulated. Now, in the framework of special scale relativity, the Planck length-scale becomes a minimal, impassable scale, invariant under dilations (that replaces the zero point). As a consequence scale ratios are limited and therefore one demonstrates charge quantization and the existence of a relation between the mass and the charge of the electron. From this relation, the mass of the electron explicitly depends on the number of Higgs doublets : one nds that the theoretical expectation agrees with the experimental mass for one Higgs doublet.
Factors related to difficulties with employment in patients with multiple sclerosis: a review of 2002–2011 literature

We assess the knowledge available on the difficulties experienced by multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in work-related activities. A literature review was carried out using the keywords ‘multiple sclerosis’ and ‘employment’ or ‘work’ through PubMed and EMBASE. Papers reporting patient-derived data on difficulties at work as primary or secondary outcome measures and published in the period 2002–December 2011 were searched. A total of 26 papers were selected, for a total of 32 507 patients (mean age 46.2 years; 42.1% with relapsing-remitting MS). Most papers reported observational studies or cross-sectional surveys focused on health-related quality of life and MS costs. Symptoms more frequently addressed are fatigue, mobility and cognitive impairments. Limited research has been carried out on the working environment. We found a relatively small number of papers published in the last 10 years on the difficulties that patients with MS can experience at work, and this kind of information always appeared as a secondary outcome. In general, it is possible to affirm that MS has a strong impact on patients’ employment status, as the mean unemployment rate was 59%. Research on factors promoting maintenance of remunerative employment is required.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Not Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase, Regulates Activation of the Antioxidant-Responsive Element in IMR-32 Human Neuroblastoma Cells*

The antioxidant-responsive element (ARE) plays an important role in the induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes including NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). We report herein that activation of the human NQO1-ARE (hNQO1-ARE) bytert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) is mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2), in IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cells. Treatment with tBHQ significantly increased NQO1 protein without activation of Erk1/2. In addition, PD 98059 (a selective mitogen-activated kinase/Erk kinase inhibitor) did not inhibit hNQO1-ARE-luciferase expression or NQO1 protein induction by tBHQ. Pretreatment with LY 294002 (a selective PI3-kinase inhibitor), however, inhibited both hNQO1-ARE-luciferase expression and endogenous NQO1 protein induction. In support of a role for PI3-kinase in ARE activation we show that: 1) transfection of IMR-32 cells with constitutively active PI3-kinase selectively activated the ARE in a dose-dependent manner that was completely inhibited by treatment with LY 294002; 2) pretreatment of cells with the PI3-kinase inhibitors, LY 294002 and wortmannin, significantly decreased NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation induced by tBHQ; and 3) ARE activation by constitutively active PI3-kinase was blocked completely by dominant negative Nrf2. Taken together, these data clearly show that ARE activation by tBHQ depends on PI3-kinase, which lies upstream of Nrf2.
Early administration of abciximab bolus in the emergency department improves angiographic outcome after primary PCI as assessed by TIMI frame count: Results of the early ReoPro administration in myocardial infarction (ERAMI) trial

Objectives: We assessed the safety and efficacy of early administration of abciximab prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Background: Research suggests that platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors, e.g. abciximab, may improve myocardial perfusion. In particular, early administration in the emergency department, prior to PCI, may result in more effective reperfusion. Methods: Eighty AMI patients with planned PCI were randomized in a double‐blind fashion to receive a 0.25 mg/kg abciximab bolus either “early” in the emergency department or “late” in the catheterization laboratory after angiographic assessment. In total, 74 patients underwent PCI after diagnostic angiography, all of which then received an abciximab infusion of 0.125 μg/kg/min for 12 hr. Results: Prior to PCI, no significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding the angiographic endpoints or ST‐segment resolution. After PCI, thrombolysis in MI (TIMI) frame count (TFC) was significantly improved in patients treated early rather than in those treated late (23 ± 10 vs. 41 ± 35; P = 0.02). Consistent trends, also favoring early treatment, were observed for TIMI flow grade 3 (TFG 3), corrected TFC (CTFC), and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3 (TMPG 3). Nine deaths (4 early, 5 late) and six significant bleeds (4 early, 2 late) were observed at 30 days after randomization. Conclusions: Early administration of abciximab is both feasible and safe in patients planned for primary PCI, increasing coronary flow and myocardial reperfusion after PCI, as demonstrated by significantly decreased TFC scores and trends toward improvements in TFG, CTFC, and TMPG. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Conserved Phenylalanine as a Relay between the α5 Helix and the GDP Binding Region of Heterotrimeric Gi Protein α Subunit*

Background: GPCRs regulate heterotrimeric G protein activation. However, the intermediate steps regulating GDP release are still unknown. Results: Energy analysis pinpoints information flow through Gα-receptor interaction and GDP release. Conclusion: Hydrophobic interactions around α5 helix, β2-β3 strands, and α1 helix are key for GDP stability. Significance: G protein activation defines regulation of high affinity receptor interactions and plays a role defining different cellular responses. G protein activation by G protein-coupled receptors is one of the critical steps for many cellular signal transduction pathways. Previously, we and other groups reported that the α5 helix in the G protein α subunit plays a major role during this activation process. However, the precise signaling pathway between the α5 helix and the guanosine diphosphate (GDP) binding pocket remains elusive. Here, using structural, biochemical, and computational techniques, we probed different residues around the α5 helix for their role in signaling. Our data showed that perturbing the Phe-336 residue disturbs hydrophobic interactions with the β2-β3 strands and α1 helix, leading to high basal nucleotide exchange. However, mutations in β strands β5 and β6 do not perturb G protein activation. We have highlighted critical residues that leverage Phe-336 as a relay. Conformational changes are transmitted starting from Phe-336 via β2-β3/α1 to Switch I and the phosphate binding loop, decreasing the stability of the GDP binding pocket and triggering nucleotide release. When the α1 and α5 helices were cross-linked, inhibiting the receptor-mediated displacement of the C-terminal α5 helix, mutation of Phe-336 still leads to high basal exchange rates. This suggests that unlike receptor-mediated activation, helix 5 rotation and translocation are not necessary for GDP release from the α subunit. Rather, destabilization of the backdoor region of the Gα subunit is sufficient for triggering the activation process.