Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of external anal sphincter contraction on the ischiocavernosus muscle and its suggested role in the sexual act.

Whereas the bulbocavernosus muscle shares its contractile activity with the external anal sphincter (EAS), the response of the ischiocavernosus muscle (ICM) to EAS contraction could not be traced in the literature. We investigated the hypothesis that the ICM contracts reflexly upon EAS contraction. The response of the ICM to EAS squeeze and stimulation was recorded in 21 healthy volunteers (13 men, 8 women, age 36.8 +/- 10.7 [SD] years). An electromyographic (EMG) needle (stimulating) electrode was introduced into the EAS and another (recording) one was inserted into the ICM. The test was repeated after individual anesthetization of the EAS and ICM and after muscle infiltration with normal saline instead of lidocaine. EAS electrostimulation (10 stimuli, 200 micros duration, 0.2 Hz frequency, 0-100 mA intensity) produced an increase of ICM EMG activity to a mean of 267.8 +/- 42.7 microV, whereas anal squeeze effected an increase to a mean of 224.5 +/- 45.3 microV. The ICM did not respond to stimulation of the EAS after individual anesthetization of the ICM and EAS, but it did after saline infiltration. The results were reproducible. ICM contracted upon EAS contraction. This effect seems to be mediated through a reflex that we call "anocavernosal excitatory reflex. " The ICM lever action is suggested to share in the erectile mechanism by elevating the penile shaft to above the horizontal level. The reflex may prove of diagnostic significance in sexual function disorders, a point that needs further study.
Les consonnes tendues du Berbère et leur notation

En berbere, toute consonne peut se presenter comme simple ou comme epaisse, opposition exploitee par la morphologie et par le lexique. On veut montrer ici que le trait phonologiquement pertinent des consonnes epaisses n'est pas la gemination, comme on le dit traditionnellement, mais la tension, tandis que la duree (ou la longueur) peut jouer un role secondaire. Puisque les geminees, strictement definies, chevauchent une limite de syllabe, la tension peut seule rendre compte de la presence de consonnes epaisses (meme occlusives) en position initiale ou finale. De plus, elle permet d'expliquer pourquoi les consonnes epaisses correspondant a des sonores et/ou a des fricatives sont souvent sourdes et/ou occlusives. L'article discute ensuite le probleme de l'ecriture des tendues et insiste sur la difference entre une notation phonologique et une notation morphologique
Photonic integration for millimetre-wave and THz systems

Photonic technologies have a large potential to become the key enabler for millimetre-wave and THz application. Despite a number of advantages such as tune ability, high speed modulation and high coherence across the range, a number of issues still remain to be solved in terms of efficiency at emission and detection and power. We propose that photonics integration is key to help solving these problems. We will first present the key advantages of using photonic integration for this particular application, then discuss the different technologies that could be envisaged. Finally we will present recent integration results and discuss the achievements in regard of a few potential millimetre-wave and THz applications.
On the classification of mapping class actions on Thurston's asymmetric metric

Abstract We study the action of the elements of the mapping class group of a surface of finite type on the Teichmüller space of that surface equipped with Thurston's asymmetric metric. We classify such actions as elliptic, parabolic, hyperbolic and pseudo-hyperbolic, depending on whether the translation distance of such an element is zero or positive and whether the value of this translation distance is attained or not, and we relate these four types to Thurston's classification of mapping class elements. The study is parallel to the one made by Bers in the setting of Teichmüller space equipped with Teichmüller's metric, and to the one made by Daskalopoulos and Wentworth in the setting of Teichmüller space equipped with the Weil–Petersson metric.
Semiautomated method for noise reduction and background phase error correction in MR phase velocity data

Background phase distortion and random noise can adversely affect the quality of magnetic resonance (MR) phase velocity measurements. A semiauto‐mated method has been developed that substantially reduces both effects. To remove the background phase distortion, the following steps were taken: The time standard deviations of the phase velocity images over a cardiac cycle were calculated. Static regions were identified as those in which the standard deviation was low. A flat surface representing an approximation to the background distortion was fitted to the static regions and subtracted from the phase velocity images to give corrected phase images. Random noise was removed by setting to zero those regions in which the standard deviation was high. The technique is demonstrated with a sample set of data in which the in‐plane velocities have been measured in an imaging section showing the left ventricular outflow tract of a human left ventricle. The results are presented in vector and contour form, superimposed on the conventional MR angiographic images.
Research on structure dynamic neural networks

A model of structure dynamic neural network, which simulates the learning skills such as human beings and animals, is proposed in this paper. This model contains two main steps: 1) the structure learning phase possesses the ability of online generation and ensures the number of the neural nodes of the neural network; 2) the parameter learning phase adjusts the interconnection weights of neural network to achieve favourable approximation performance. The structure learning algorithm consists of growing and pruning methods, and then, the Lyapunov stability theory is used to analyse the stability of this new algorithm. Finally, this new dynamic neural network is used to track the non-linear functions; simulation results show that this new algorithm can achieve favourable performance.
The Developmental Remodeling of Eye‐Specific Afferents in the Ferret Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Eye‐specific projections to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) serve as a model for exploring how precise patterns of circuitry form during development in the mammalian central nervous system. Using a combination of dual‐label anterograde retinogeniculate tracing and Nissl‐staining, we studied the patterns of eye‐specific afferents and cellular laminae in the dLGN of the pigmented sable ferret at eight developmental timepoints between birth and adulthood. Each time point was investigated in the three standard orthogonal planes of section, allowing us to generate a complete anatomical map of eye‐specific development in this species. We find that eye‐specific retinal ganglion cell axon segregation varies according to location in the dLGN, with the principle contralateral (A) and ipsilateral layers (A1) maturing first, followed by the contralateral and ipsilateral C laminae. Cytoarchitectural lamination lags behind eye‐specific segregation, except in the C laminae where underlying cellular layers never develop to accompany eye‐specific afferent domains. The emergence of On/Off sublaminae occurs following eye‐specific segregation in this species. On the basis of these findings, we constructed a three‐dimensional map of eye‐specific channels in the developing and mature ferret dLGN. Anat Rec, 293:1–24, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Depression and Other Mental Health Diagnoses After Stroke Increase Inpatient and Outpatient Medical Utilization Three Years Poststroke

Objective:Poststroke depression (PSD) has been linked to negative outcomes, including mortality and decreased functioning. However, the effect of PSD and other mental health conditions on inpatient and outpatient healthcare utilization after stroke has not been examined. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PSD and healthcare utilization after stroke. The secondary objective was to evaluate the relationship between other mental health diagnoses and medical utilization after stroke. Method:We examined 3 years of poststroke healthcare utilization data in a national cohort of veterans with ischemic stroke. Mental health diagnoses were identified with inpatient International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare patient characteristics and multivariate linear regression to model utilization in: 1) patients with PSD, 2) patients diagnosed with other mental health conditions poststroke, and 3) patients with no mental health diagnosis. Results:Of 51,119 veterans identified, 2405 (5%) received a PSD diagnosis and 2257 (4%) received a diagnosis of another mental health condition after their stroke. Patients with PSD had significantly more inpatient hospitalization days and outpatient visits than those without any mental health diagnosis, even after adjusting for the number of mental health clinic visits. Likewise, patients diagnosed with other mental health diagnoses had greater medical utilization than patients without any mental health diagnosis. Both PSD and other mental health diagnoses independently predicted medical utilization. Conclusion:Mental health diagnosis after stroke increases inpatient and outpatient healthcare utilization in the first 3 years poststroke. Additional biologic and psychosocial factors should be investigated.
Knowledge discovery in biological big data using near unsupervised learning: Keynote presentation

Unsupervised learning is used for analysing and clustering data when the expected cluster labels are completely absent. When a little knowledge about the data labels, i.e., class labels are scarce, but available for a small amount of data, it is still challenging to make conclusions, although this may be the case for many real world data mining problems. This type of learning algorithms useful in this scenario as Near Unsupervised Learning (NUL). The concept and the algorithm development is discuss in NUL and the application in various biological data mining problems.
The Linker Region Plays a Regulatory Role in Assembly and Activity of the Vps4 AAA ATPase*

Background: Vps4 functions in eukaryotic cells in membrane fission reactions. Results: Mutational analysis suggests that the long linker region of Vps4 is not essential but regulates this ATPase. Conclusion: The binding to the substrate ESCRT-III drives formation of the active Vps4 complex. Significance: Understanding the mechanism of Vps4 function gives insights into protein trafficking, cytokinesis, and virus formation. The AAA-type ATPase Vps4 functions with components of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery in membrane fission events that are essential for endosomal maturation, cytokinesis, and the formation of retroviruses. A key step in these events is the assembly of monomeric Vps4 into the active ATPase complex, which is aided in part by binding of Vps4 via its N-terminal MIT (microtubule interacting and trafficking) domain to its substrate ESCRT-III. We found that the 40-amino acid linker region between the MIT and the ATPase domain of Vps4 is not required for proper function but plays a role in regulating Vps4 assembly and ATPase activity. Deletion of the linker is expected to bring the MIT domains into close proximity to the central pore of the Vps4 complex. We propose that this localization of the MIT domain in linker-deleted Vps4 mimics a repositioning of the MIT domain normally caused by binding of Vps4 to ESCRT-III. This structure would allow the Vps4 complex to engage ESCRT-III subunits with both the pore and the MIT domain simultaneously, which might be essential for the ATP-driven disassembly of ESCRT-III.
Behavioral Intention to Avoid Drug Abuse Works as Protective Factor among Adolescent.

BACKGROUND Young people engage in risky behaviors unintentionally and these behaviors might be reduced or inhibited by preventative behaviors. Although adolescents' risky behaviors are known as unplanned or unintentional, preventative behaviors are intentional. The aim of the present study was to assess students' behavior intentions to avoid drug abuse. METHODS This study was a cross sectional design that male high school students (n= 176) in Tehran, Iran completed a questionnaire assessing behavior intentions to avoid drug abuse, self-control, selfefficacy, perceived susceptibility, and negative attitudes toward drug abuse, peer resistance skills and substance abuse related behaviors. RESULTS Peer resistance skills, negative attitude toward drugs, perceived self- efficacy, and high selfcontrol were four predictors on intention against drug abuse. Moreover, students' educational status, interested in school and truancy and spending with friends were other predictors for intention against drug abuse. CONCLUSION Healthy behaviors are intentional. As a result improving behavior intentions to avoid drug abuse would act as a protective factor for preventing drug abuse among adolescents as well as preventing high-risk behaviors.
Modeling and control of the stanford/JPL hand

Improved dexterity is an area of current research in robotics. At Sandia National Laboratories and the University of New Mexico we are pursuing research in this area with the aid of a Stanford/JPL hand from Salisbury Robotics. In this paper we present some of the issues raised in studying the characteristics and control of a single finger of the dexterous hand. The issues we present are dynamic modeling, friction based hysteresis, and identification of the finger system. We also discuss our present method for sensing and control.
3-D Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Using an MEMS-Based Miniature Dual-Axis Confocal Microscope

We demonstrate a fast miniature microelectro-mechanical-system-based near-infrared fluorescence dual-axis confocal microscope in a 10-mm-diameter package for 3-D imaging in both ex vivo and in vivo samples. The miniature microscope, while in contact with the targeted tissue, can reveal subsurface structure or anatomy as deep as 300 mum. The lateral and axial resolutions are 5 and 7 mum, respectively. Real-time en face mosaicing image of in vivo human skin is demonstrated to enlarge the overall FOV to be over 3 mm at acquisition frame rate of 5 frames/s.
The Folate Hydrolase 1561C>T Polymorphism Is Associated With Depressive Symptoms in Puerto Rican Adults

Objective: To examine the associations between variants of genes involved in the uptake, retention, and metabolism of folate and depressive symptoms and to analyze whether such associations are direct or through mediation by folate or homocysteine. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from 976 Puerto Rican adults, aged 45 to 75 years, residing in the greater Boston area, Massachusetts. Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in folate uptake, retention, and metabolism were investigated. These include FOLH1 (folate hydrolase), FPGS (folate polyglutamate synthase), GGH (&ggr;-glutamyl hydrolase), MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase), MTR (methionine synthase), PCFT (proton-coupled folate transporter), and RFC1 (reduced folate carrier 1). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depressive symptoms. Results: The FOLH1 rs61886492 C>T (or 1561C>T) polymorphism was significantly associated with lower CES-D score (p = .0025) after adjusting for age, sex, population admixture, smoking, and educational attainment. Individuals with the TT and TC genotypes were 49% less likely (odds ratio = 0.51, 95% confidence interval = 0.29-0.89) to report mild depressive symptoms (CES-D score ≥16 and ≤26) and 64% less likely (odds ratio = 0.36, 95% confidence interval = 0.18-0.69) to report moderate to severe depressive symptoms (CES-D score >26), compared with those with the CC genotype. No significant mediation effects by plasma folate or homocysteine on the associations between this single nucleotide polymorphism and CES-D score were observed. Conclusions: The FOLH1 1561C>T polymorphism may be associated with the risk of depressive symptoms.Abbreviations: MTHFR = methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; SNP = single nucleotide polymorphism; FOLH1 = folate hydrolase; PCFT = proton-coupled folate transporter; RFC1 = reduced folate carrier 1; FOLR1 = folate receptor 1; FPGS = folate polyglutamate synthase; GGH = &ggr;-glutamyl hydrolase; MTR = methionine synthase; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; BMI = body mass index; PLP = pyridoxal-5&vprime;-phosphate; LD = linkage disequilibrium; GCPII = glutamate carboxypeptidase II
Design for an accelerated harris feature point extraction system base on all programmable system on chip

This paper proposes an embedded solution of Harris feature point extraction system, which is accelerated base on All Programmable System on Chip (AP-SoC). The custom Harris feature point extraction module is implemented in FPGA of Zedboard, which is a low-cost development board with a processor ARM inside the FPGA. The custom module effectively accelerates the Harris feature point algorithm. Our solution has two such custom modules with separate control and data paths. We take advantage of high-performance data ports to exchange data between memory and modules through DMA in order to complete the mission of image feature point extraction coordinately under the ARM controlling. The system designed in this paper takes 1.983ms to extract points from a grayscale image sized 512 by 512 in standalone mode. It accelerates 32 percent faster than the single module system in [1]. Compared with a software program in Matlab, the speed-up ratio reaches 1900 times. In addition, this system can flexibly implement the embedded computer vision application base on the accelerated Harris feature point extraction only by modifying the top application program.
Anahtar kelimeler: Oral Liken Planus, Tacrolimus, Tedavi, Lokal Uygulama SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF ORAL LICHEN PLANUS WITH TOPICAL TACROLIMUS ORAL LİKEN PLANUSUN TOPİKAL TAKROLİMUS UYGULAMASI İLE BAŞARILI TEDAVİSİ

Tacrolimus is a new, non-steroidal immunosuppressive macrolide which modulate the immunological mechanism by blocking T-cell activation. The topical form of tacrolimus constitutes a promising new treatment for recalcitrant inflammatory skin and mucosal disorders. In this report we present the successful treatment of two specific oral lichen planus cases with tacrolimus. Case I is a 68-year-old female patient suffering perpetually from lichen planus lesions involving gingiva for 10 years. She had painful, erythematous lichen planus lesions especially on the gum of maxillary incisors region. She wore fullmouth fixtures on both jaws. The patient was allergic to dental materials which caused the lichen planus lesions to be more recalcitrant. Case ll is a 34-year-old female who had recalcitrant lichen planus lesions on oral and vaginal mucosa. The oral lesions on the buccal mucosa and gingivae were in reticular form. In both cases the lesions were unresponsive to different types of topical steroid agents which are applied for one month. After the steroid therapy, although there was a relative relief of the pain complaint, the appearance of lesions disclosed no change. Following these therapies, the patients were administered % 0.1 tacrolimus ointment per twice a day. On the third week of the therapy we achieved to control the symptoms and to clear the lesions. In conclusion, topical tacrolimus forms a new option for the treatment of oral lichen planus.
Joint K-Means quantization for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search

Recently, Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) Search has become a very popular approach for similarity search on large-scale datasets. In this paper, we propose a novel vector quantization method for ANN, which introduces a joint multi-layer K-Means clustering solution for determination of the codebooks. The performance of the proposed method is improved further by a joint encoding scheme. Experimental results verify the success of the proposed algorithm as it outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Visible Imaging of Global MHD on MAST

Eulerian video magnification is a video processing technique for amplifying subtle temporal oscillations in video footage. Applying this technique to footage of an H-mode plasma shot on the mega-ampere spherical tokamak, a global magnetohydrodynamic mode is amplified, and its spatial structure is made readily visible. This technique has broad applicability across plasma physics.
Competition of virtualized ext4, xfs and btrfs filesystems under type-2 hypervisor

This paper focuses to the performance analysis of three different 64-bit guest Linux FSs, ext4, xfs and btrfs, under hypervisor type-2 virtualization. Postmark and Bonnie++ benchmarks are used for generation of the testing environment. The emphasis is on the read and writes throughputs measured for different workload conditions. The experiments have indicated that ext4 file system provides the best performances in majority of the tests.
Measuring cognitive abilities and resting-state neuromagnetic signals in children

Resting-state study is a useful tool to investigate the brain activity related to cognitive abilities in children because it may be difficult for children to perform some experimental tasks. In the present study, we report a preliminary examination to associate the resting-state neuromagnetic signals from magnetoencephalogram (MEG) with cognitive abilities in children. We applied a non-linear time-series analysis for 90-s resting-state neuromagnetic signals and estimated interdependency of two channels of MEG signals. Then we examined the relation between the magnitudes of interdependency and the cognitive abilities and ages. Although we found some indications of age differences in the lateralization of interdependency, the results highlighted several limiting factors in measuring cognitive abilities and resting-state neuromegnetic signals in children and suggested that further elaboration of devices, procedures, and analysis would be warranted.
Learning impairment following acute administration of the calcium channel antagonist nimodipine in mice

The effects of acute systemic administration of the Ca2+ channel antagonist nimodipine were examined on learning capacities of adult Swiss mice. Tests included spontaneous alternation behaviour, for spatial working memory; and step-down passive avoidance and place learning in a water maze, for long-term memory. Nimodipine markedly impaired spontaneous alternation at doses of 0.3− 1 mg/kg i.p., and passive avoidance at doses of 0.3–3 mg/kg i.p., sis compared to the vehicle-treated animals. At 0.3 mg/kg i.p., the drug did not alter motility in an open field, but significantly decreased performances in training trials and retention in the water maze. Subchronic nimodipine (0.3 and 1 mg/kg once a day i.p. for 10 days) did not affect performances in the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests. These results show that acute nimodipine administration alters learning in adult mice, and argue for an involvement of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, in learning.