Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Presidential debate questions and the public agenda

Presidential debates have become an institutionalized component of presidential campaigns. Debates have been shown to create learning in voters and are capable of influencing vote choices. Although candidates have some control over their utterances, questions, usually asked by journalists, have a strong influence on the topics candidates can address. It is fashionable to criticize the questions posed by journalists in these “joint press conferences. ” This study adds a new twist to media agenda‐setting, providing empirical evidence on the question of whether voters’ issue interests influence the topics of journalists’ questions. Results show that the questions asked by journalists in debates do not reflect the public interest. We recommend that future debates eschew the use of journalists as sources of questions for presidential debates.
On Line Validation Exercise (OLIVE): A Web Based Service for the Validation of Medium Resolution Land Products. Application to FAPAR Products

The OLIVE (On Line Interactive Validation Exercise) platform is dedicated to the validation of global biophysical products such as LAI (Leaf Area Index) and FAPAR (Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation). It was developed under the framework of the CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites) Land Product Validation (LPV) sub-group. OLIVE has three main objectives: (i) to provide a consistent and centralized information on the definition of the biophysical variables, as well as a description of the main available products and their performances (ii) to provide transparency and traceability by an online validation procedure compliant with the CEOS LPV and QA4EO (Quality Assurance for Earth Observation) recommendations (iii) and finally, to provide a tool to benchmark new products, update product validation results and host new ground measurement sites for accuracy assessment. The functionalities and algorithms of OLIVE are described to provide full transparency of its procedures to the community. The validation process and typical results are illustrated for three FAPAR products: GEOV1 (VEGETATION sensor), MGVIo (MERIS sensor) and MODIS collection 5 FPAR. OLIVE is available on the European Space Agency CAL/VAL portal), including full documentation, validation exercise results, and product extracts.
Dynamic fully forward-secure group signatures

Enhancing user privacy while allowing the use of digital credentials in network-wide applications is a very active area. Group signatures are primary privacy-preserving credentials that enable both, non-repudiation and abuser-tracing. When embedding cryptographic tools in actual computing systems, it is important to ensure physical layer protection to cryptographic keys. A simple risk analysis shows that taking advantage of system (i.e., hardware, software, network) vulnerabilities is usually much easier than cryptanalyzing the cryptographic primitives themselves. Forward-secure cryptosystems, in turn, are one of the suggested protective measures, where private keys periodically evolve in such a way that, if a break-in occurs, past uses of those keys in earlier periods are protected. At CCS 2001, Song argued why key exposures may cause even more important concerns in the context of group signatures (namely, under the mask of anonymity within a group of other key holders). She then gave two examples of forward-secure group signatures, and argued their ad hoc properties based on the state of understanding of group signature security properties at that time (proper security models had not been formalized yet). These implementations are fruitful initial efforts, but still suffer from certain imperfections. In the first scheme for instance, forward security is only guaranteed to signers as long as the group manager's private key is safe. Another scheme recently described by Nakanishi et al. for static groups also fails to maintain security when the group manager is compromised. In this paper, we reconsider the subject and first formalize the notion of "fully forward-secure group signature" (FS-GS) in dynamic groups. We carefully define the correctness and security properties that such a scheme ought to have. We then give a realization of the primitive with quite attractive features: constant-size signatures, constant cost of signing/verifying, and at most polylog complexity of other metrics. The scheme is further proven secure in the standard model (no random oracle idealization is used).
Officer Race Versus Macro-Level Context

It has been proposed that hiring more Black police officers is an effective way to alleviate long-standing tensions between police and African Americans because Black officers will connect with Black citizens and treat them well. This hypothesis, however, fails to account for the macro-level context of the troubled locations in which African Americans disproportionately reside and wherein police–minority citizen problems are deep seated. The present study examines two competing hypotheses concerning the influence ofofficer race relative to that of ecological context in shaping African Americans’ experiences with and perceptions of local police. These hypotheses are testedusing in-depth interview data with Black residents of a majority-Black, high-crime, economically troubled city. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
Improving donor lung evaluation: a new approach to increase organ supply for lung transplantation

12 Unfortunately up to 50% of patients identified as suitable candidates to undergo lung transplantation will die from their underlying lung disease before an organ becomes available. 34 The severe shortage of donor lungs is now the major limitation to the use of the procedure as a widely available therapeutic option. The current method of donor lung evaluation excludes the vast majority of potential lung donors. New objective indices of donor lung injury may help to rationalise the selection process. This would enable many of the previously excluded organs to be accepted, addressing the current problem of organ shortage. Donor lungs originate from ventilated brain dead patients whose relatives have given consent for organ donation. Multiple strategies have been adopted by the transplant community to increase the number of donor organs for all types of solid organ transplantation. Attempts at raising awareness in medical staV to identify potential brain dead donors and in the general public to encourage consent when approached have failed to dramatically increase the number of organs available for transplantation. Despite 25% of the public carrying a donor card, both emotional and cultural reasons within families have prevented this leading to a significant increase in donors. In other countries legislation requiring medical staV to approach all potential donor families and the introduction of opt-out rather than opt-in systems of donation have not resulted in a major increase in the donor pool. 5 To date the attempts at increasing numbers of potential donors have been disappointing and transplant teams have turned to other possible ways of addressing the shortage of donor lungs. Lung transplantation using lobes from living family members has proved a useful procedure in selected cases, especially in teenagers, 6
Psychological Distress in Sexual Minorities: Examining the Roles of Self-Concealment and Psychological Inflexibility

The present cross-sectional study investigated whether self-concealment and psychological inflexibility were associated with a range of psychological distress in sexual minorities and whether the associations between self-concealment and distress were established, in part, though psychological inflexibility. Participants were 100 college students (nfemale = 74) who self-identified their sexual orientations as “homosexual” or “bisexual. ” Both self-concealment and psychological inflexibility were significantly and positively associated with general psychological distress, somatization, depression, and anxiety. Furthermore, results revealed that self-concealment is associated with these four distress variables at least partly through psychological inflexibility.
Safety-critical medical device development using the UPP2SF model translation tool

Software-based control of life-critical embedded systems has become increasingly complex, and to a large extent has come to determine the safety of the human being. For example, implantable cardiac pacemakers have over 80,000 lines of code which are responsible for maintaining the heart within safe operating limits. As firmware-related recalls accounted for over 41% of the 600,000 devices recalled in the last decade, there is a need for rigorous model-driven design tools to generate verified code from verified software models. To this effect, we have developed the UPP2SF model-translation tool, which facilitates automatic conversion of verified models (in UPPAAL) to models that may be simulated and tested (in Simulink/Stateflow). We describe the translation rules that ensure correct model conversion, applicable to a large class of models. We demonstrate how UPP2SF is used in the model-driven design of a pacemaker whose model is (a) designed and verified in UPPAAL (using timed automata), (b) automatically translated to Stateflow for simulation-based testing, and then (c) automatically generated into modular code for hardware-level integration testing of timing-related errors. In addition, we show how UPP2SF may be used for worst-case execution time estimation early in the design stage. Using UPP2SF, we demonstrate the value of integrated end-to-end modeling, verification, code-generation and testing process for complex software-controlled embedded systems.
XcerptRDF: A Pattern-based Answer to the Versatile Web Challenge

We propose Xcerpt, an extension of the rule based XML query language Xcerpt with language constructs explicitly geared at comfortable querying RDF data, including convenient access to collections, containers, reified statements, and “concise bounded descriptions” for blank nodes. Simulation unification, the formal basis for evaluating Xcerpt queries, is extended to cover the new language constructs and thus to give a formal semantics for Xcerpt queries. In contrast to previous integration approaches such as XSPARQL or GRDDL that combine an XML query language such as XSLT or XQuery with an RDF query language such as SPARQL, Xcerpt requires the user to learn only a single language: most language constructs are sufficiently generic to be applied to both RDF and XML data. Xcerpt is thus a possible solution to the challenge of versatile data access on the Web which has emerged due to the plethora of data formats already online.
Orthogonal non-bandlimited wavelets on the sphere

This paper introduces orthogonal non{bandlimited wavelets on the sphere with respect to a certain Sobolev space topology. The construction of those kernels is based on a clustering of the index set N = f(n; k) 2 N0 Zj n k ng associated to the system of spherical harmonics fYn;kg(n;k)2N . The wavelets presented here form reproducing kernels of the spans of the clustered harmonics. More explicitly, the horizontal partition Mn = f(n; k) 2 Ng, n 2 N0 yields the usual Shannon wavelets, which are bandlimited, whereas non-bandlimited kernels can be obtained from a vertical clustering Bk = f(n; k); (n; k) 2 Ng, k 2 N0 . For this case a particular kernel is investigated in detail, and a wavelet representation is derived explicitly. AMS classi cation: Primary: 42C40, 65T60. Secondary: 86-08.
Optimizing collaborative sparse dictionary for compressive light field photography

Compressive light field photography has gained a significant research interest during the past years. One important problem in light field images is the effective representation of the structures. In this paper, based on collaborative projection and sparse dictionary, we propose a light field reconstruction optimization scheme for compressive light field photography. By utilizing the special structural feature of high correlations among light field views, an optimized structured dictionary is proposed, which is more memory and time efficient compared with general sparse dictionary. Furthermore, we propose the corresponding structured dictionary learning model and efficient algorithm to train the optimized dictionary with fixed projection. Simulation results on light field data set demonstrate the effectiveness of our optimizing scheme in terms of reconstruction quality compared with general sparse dictionary.
Distributed Inference to Detect a Network Attack

We consider the problem of identifying a network attack that provides evidence of its existence through the presence of weak, distributed information. One example of weak distributed information, discussed by Jung et al. [2004] and Weaver et al. [2004], occurs during a scanning worm’s reconnaissance phase, where several hosts in a network may be able to pick up a signal which alone does not look alarming, but in concert with other detections throughout the network might be reason for alarm. Another example occurs in the early stages of a “stealth” epidemic infection of a network where several (infected) nodes throughout the network might start to behave in a slightly abnormal fashion. Although, a few anomalies are not worthy of attention, several taken together might be cause for concern. The challenge in both of these examples is that evidence of attack is weak since it is distributed, possibly over both space and time. Our goal is to design a detector that can aggregate weak, general evidence of malicious behavior rather than identifying specific known attack signatures and so has a better chance of succeeding over “day-zero” attacks.
Co-Evolution of Model-Based Tests for Industrial Automotive Software

Model-based software is evolving at an increasing rate, and this has an impact on model-based test suites, often causing unnecessary regeneration of tests. Our work proposes that by examining evolution patterns of Simulink automotive models and their associated test models we can identify the direct impacts of evolution on the tests. Using these evolution patterns, we propose the design of a process to ensure that as a Simulink model evolves its associated test models are automatically adapted, requiring minimal computation. This will lead to the development of a prototype tool capable of performing this model- based test co-evolution of tests alongside source models and presenting results to test engineers.
Gene Expression Dosage Regulation in an Allopolyploid Fish

How allopolyploids are able not only to cope but profit from their condition is a question that remains elusive, but is of great importance within the context of successful allopolyploid evolution. One outstanding example of successful allopolyploidy is the endemic Iberian cyprinid Squalius alburnoides. Previously, based on the evaluation of a few genes, it was reported that the transcription levels between diploid and triploid S. alburnoides were similar. If this phenomenon occurs on a full genomic scale, a wide functional ‘‘diploidization’’ could be related to the success of these polyploids. We generated RNA-seq data from whole juvenile fish and from adult livers, to perform the first comparative quantitative transcriptomic analysis between diploid and triploid individuals of a vertebrate allopolyploid. Together with an assay to estimate relative expression per cell, it was possible to infer the relative sizes of transcriptomes. This showed that diploid and triploid S. alburnoides hybrids have similar liver transcriptome sizes. This in turn made it valid to directly compare the S. alburnoides RNA-seq transcript data sets and obtain a profile of dosage responses across the S. alburnoides transcriptome. We found that 64% of transcripts in juveniles’ samples and 44% in liver samples differed less than twofold between diploid and triploid hybrids (similar expression). Yet, respectively 29% and 15% of transcripts presented accurate dosage compensation (PAA/PA expression ratio of 1 instead of 1.5). Therefore, an exact functional diploidization of the triploid genome does not occur, but a significant down regulation of gene expression in triploids was observed. However, for those genes with similar expression levels between diploids and triploids, expression is not globally strictly proportional to gene dosage nor is it set to a perfect diploid level. This quantitative expression flexibility may be a strong contributor to overcome the genomic shock, and be an immediate evolutionary advantage of allopolyploids.
Promotion of Emotional Wellbeing in Oncology Inpatients Using VR

INTRODUCTION In Psycho-oncology, VR has been utilized mainly to manage pain and distress associated to medical procedures and chemotherapy, with very few applications aimed at promotion of wellbeing in hospitalized patients. Considering this, it was implemented a psychological intervention that uses VR to induce positive emotions on adult oncology inpatients with the purpose of evaluating its utility to improve emotional wellbeing in this population. METHOD Sample was composed of 33 patients (69.7% men, aged from 41 to 85 years old; X=62.1; SD=10.77). Intervention lasted 4 sessions of 30 minutes, along one week. In these sessions, two virtual environments designed to induce joy or relaxation were used. Symptoms of depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS) and level of happiness (Fordyce Scale) were assessed before and after the VR intervention. Also, Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) were used to assess emotional state and physical discomfort before and after each session. RESULTS There were significant improvements in distress and level of happiness after the VR intervention. Also, it was detected an increment in positive emotions and a decrease in negative emotions after sessions. CONCLUSIONS Results emphasize the potential of VR as a positive technology that can be used to promote wellbeing during hospitalization, especially considering the shortness of the intervention and the advanced state of disease of the participants. Despite the encouraging of these results, it is necessary to confirm them in studies with larger samples and control groups.
Dimensions of self-concept and sports engagement in early adolescence

The aim of this paper is to examine the differences in particular dimensions of selfconcept in female and male adolescents depending on sports engagement, as well as to determine which domain-specific self-perceptions provide the highest contributions to global self-worth in female and male adolescents engaged in sport and those not engaged in it. This research included 400 subjects at early adolescent age, of both genders (235 females and 164 males) further divided to sub-samples of athletes and non-athletes. An adapted version of a scale Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (Harter, 1988) was applied, which consists of nine subscales. The obtained results indicate that sport-engaged adolescents of both genders provide more favourable perception of themselves in most tested aspects of self-concept than those not engaged in an organized sports activity. Engagement in sport has special effect on selfconcept of male adolescents. Results of multiple regression analysis point out unambiguously the significance of self-perception of physical appearance in global self-worth of adolescents of both genders, irrespective of whether they are involved in sports activity or not.
Multivariable output feedback robust adaptive tracking control design for a class of delayed systems

In this paper, we develop a model reference adaptive control scheme for a class of multi-input multi-output nonlinearly perturbed dynamic systems with unknown time-varying state delays which is also robust with respect to an external disturbance with unknown bounds. The output feedback adaptive control scheme uses feedback actions only, and thus does not require a direct measurement of the command or disturbance signals. A suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii type functional is introduced to design the adaptation algorithms and to prove stability.
Coherence Marking, Prior Knowledge, and Comprehension of Informative and Persuasive Texts: Sorting Things Out

Coherence plays a central role when readers construct meaning from a text. Previous research has shown how coherence marking affects text processing and representation. However, this effect seems to depend on reader's prior knowledge of the text content: Low knowledge readers benefit from coherence marking, whereas high knowledge readers benefit from a more implicit text (McNamara & Kintsch, 1996). Because this interaction was not consistently found in previous research, this article takes a closer look at the operationalization of the experimental variables: coherence marking, prior knowledge, and text comprehension. Also, this article compares the effect on both informative and persuasive texts. Results indicate that linguistic marking of coherence indeed interacts with prior knowledge in the informative genre, but not in the persuasive genre.
Sheet resistance measurement for process monitoring of 400 °C PureB deposition on Si

Sheet-resistance test-structures to determine conductance along the interface formed by 400°C pure boron (PureB) deposition on silicon are presented. The structures are straightforward to fabricate and measure for monitoring either directly after deposition or end-of-line. This provides valuable information on the perfection of the deposition and the series resistance of PureB (photo)diodes.
Synthesis and Phase Behavior of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-Poly(L-Lysine Hydrochloride) and Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide-co-Acrylamide)-b-Poly(L-Lysine Hydrochloride)

The synthesis of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(L-lysine) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide)-b-poly(L-lysine) copolymers was accomplished by combining atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and ring opening polymerization (ROP). For this purpose, a di-functional initiator with protected amino group was successfully synthetized. The ATRP of N-isopropylacrylamide yielded narrowly dispersed polymers with consistent high yields (~80%). Lower yields (~50%) were observed when narrowly dispersed random copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylamide where synthesized. Amino-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) were successfully used as macroinitiators for ROP of N6-carbobenzoxy-L-lysine N-carboxyanhydride. The thermal behavior of the homopolymers and copolymers in aqueous solutions was studied by turbidimetry, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR).