Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
hysiological impairment of adult sockeye salmon in fresh water after simulated apture-and-release across a range of temperatures arika

Sockeye salmon abundance in the Fraser River has declined precipitously over the past two decades, reducing fishing opportunities for this ecologically, culturally and economically valuable species. Release of non-target species that are captured incidentally is a growing conservation measure used in managing mixed species fisheries. Fraser River sockeye salmon are released from commercial, First Nations, and recreational fisheries, however little research exists investigating the fitness and fate of released sockeye salmon, and none examine how the effect of ecologically relevant temperature ranges interact with capture stressors. We exposed adult migrating summer-run sockeye in freshwater to simulated capture and release stressors, including exhaustive exercise and air exposure, at temperatures spanning the range of historic, current and predicted future migration conditions in the Fraser River (13 ◦C, 19 ◦C, and 21 ◦C) to understand the physiological consequences of these stressors acting in synergy. Three minutes of exhaustive exercise significantly raised the plasma lactate, chloride, sodium, and osmolality, and lowered the plasma potassium of these fish, and one minute of air exposure following exercise elevated glucose (females only) and exacerbated high lactate levels. The inability of all air-exposed fish in the warmest temperatures to maintain equilibrium upon return to the water is evidence of the effects of warm temperatures. Fewer than half of the air-exposed fish in the coolest temperature demonstrated this impairment. Further, air exposure resulted in a marked depression of ventilation rates in the warmest temperatures. This is the first experiment investigating the physiological disturbance of capture and release at various temperatures on adult Pacific salmon, and the results suggest a need for better understanding of the potential fitness consequences to improve the management of this important resource.
Microalbuminuria in NIDDM Is Caused by Increased Excretion of Unmodified Albumin

After an intravenous infusion of L-arginine to inhibit tubular reabsorption of albumin, glomerular clearance, renal clearance, and tubular reabsorption of unmodified albumin (UMA) and glycated albumin (GA) were determined in 72 patients with NIDDM without (NIDDM-I; n = 47) or with microalbuminuria (NIDDM-II; n = 25) and in 24 healthy control subjects. Samples of serum albumin and dialyzed urine obtained 60 min before and during L-arginine infusion were applied to an affinity column to separate GA from UMA, and their albumin contents were assayed. The serum level of GA in NIDDM patients was higher than that in control subjects (P < 0.0001). Both UMA and GA were excreted in excess in NIDDM-II as compared with the other two groups (P < 0.0001), and UMA comprised 80% of total albumin excretion. In NIDDM-II, the glomerular clearance of UMA (2.5 ± 0.16 > NIDDM-I [1.8 ± 0.1] > control subjects [1.3 ± 0.1 μl/min], P < 0.001) and of GA (1.7 ± 0.13 > NIDDM-I = control subjects [1.1 ± 0.1 μl/min], P < 0.001) were enhanced, as compared with the other two groups. Renal clearance of UMA (1.3 ± 0.13 μl/min) and GA (0.89 ± 0.09 μl/min) in NIDDM-II was greater than that in control subjects (0.27 ± 0.03, 0.19 ± 0.02 μl/min) or in NIDDM-I (0.30 ± 0.03, 0.11 ± 0.01 μl/min). Tubular reabsorption of UMA, as assessed by the difference between glomerular and renal clearances of albumin, in NIDDM-II (1.1 ± 0.1 μl/min) was less than in NIDDM-I (1.50 ± 0.09 μl/min), and that of GA in NIDDM-II was lower than that in the other two groups, despite exaggerated glomerular clearance of GA and UMA in NIDDM-II. In summary, microalbuminuria in NIDDM is caused by increased excretion of UMA resulting from the decompensated ability of tubular reabsorption, which is exceeded by increased glomerular clearance of UMA.
Reovirus-Induced Alterations in Gene Expression Related to Cell Cycle Regulation

ABSTRACT Mammalian reovirus infection results in perturbation of host cell cycle progression. Since reovirus infection is known to activate cellular transcription factors, we investigated alterations in cell cycle-related gene expression following HEK293 cell infection by using the Affymetrix U95A microarray. Serotype 3 reovirus infection results in differential expression of 10 genes classified as encoding proteins that function at the G1-to-S transition, 11 genes classified as encoding proteins that function at G2-to-M transition, and 4 genes classified as encoding proteins that function at the mitotic spindle checkpoint. Serotype 1 reovirus infection results in differential expression of four genes classified as encoding proteins that function at the G1-to-S transition and three genes classified as encoding proteins that function at G2-to-M transition but does not alter any genes classified as encoding proteins that function at the mitotic spindle checkpoint. We have previously shown that serotype 3, but not serotype 1, reovirus infection induces a G2-to-M transition arrest resulting from an inhibition of cdc2 kinase activity. Of the differentially expressed genes encoding proteins regulating the G2-to-M transition, chk1, wee1, and GADD45 are known to inhibit cdc2 kinase activity. A hypothetical model describing serotype 3 reovirus-induced inhibition of cdc2 kinase is presented, and reovirus-induced perturbations of the G1-to-S, G2-to-M, and mitotic spindle checkpoints are discussed.
Prevention of experimental choroidal neovascularization with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody fragment.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal injections of an antigen-binding fragment of a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody directed toward vascular endothelial growth factor (rhuFab VEGF) in a monkey model of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS In phase 1 of the study, each animal received intravitreal injections, 500 microg per eye, of rhuFab VEGF in one eye (prevention eye), while the contralateral eye received rhuFab VEGF vehicle (control eye) at 2-week intervals. On day 21, laser photocoagulation was performed to induce CNV. In phase 2, the vehicle-treated eye was crossed over and both eyes received 500 microg of rhuFab VEGF beginning 21 days following laser-induced injury at days 42 and 56. The eyes were monitored by ophthalmic examinations, color photographs, and fluorescein angiography. RESULTS rhuFab VEGF did not cause any ocular hemorrhages. All eyes treated with rhuFab VEGF developed acute anterior chamber inflammation within 24 hours of the first injection that resolved within 1 week, and this inflammation was less severe with subsequent injections. The incidence of CNV, defined angiographically, was significantly lower in the prevention eyes than the control eyes (P<.001). Subsequent treatments were associated with less leakage in eyes with established CNV that were crossed over from the control eyes to the treatment eyes (P =.001). CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal rhuFab VEGF injections prevented formation of clinically significant CNV in cynomolgus monkeys and decreased leakage of already formed CNV with no significant toxic effects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides the nonclinical proof of principle for ongoing clinical studies of intravitreally injected rhuFab VEGF in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Perivascular tissue inhibits rho‐kinase‐dependent smooth muscle Ca2+ sensitivity and endothelium‐dependent H2S signalling in rat coronary arteries

Local regulation of vascular resistance adjusts coronary blood flow to metabolic demand, although the mechanisms involved are not comprehensively understood We show that heart tissue surrounding rat coronary arteries releases diffusible factors that regulate vasoconstriction and relaxation Perivascular tissue reduces rho‐kinase‐dependent smooth muscle Ca2+ sensitivity and constriction of coronary arteries to serotonin, the thromboxane analogue U46619 and the α1‐adrenergic agonist phenylephrine Endothelium‐dependent relaxation of coronary arteries in response to cholinergic stimulation is inhibited by perivascular tissue as a result of reduced endothelial Ca2+ responses and attenuated H2S‐dependent signalling These results establish cellular mechanisms by which perivascular heart tissue can modify local vascular tone and coronary blood flow
Alpha/beta power decreases track the fidelity of stimulus-specific information

Massed synchronised neuronal firing is detrimental to information processing. When networks of task-irrelevant neurons fire in unison, they mask the signal generated by task-critical neurons. On a macroscopic level, mass synchronisation of these neurons can contribute to the ubiquitous alpha/beta (8-30Hz) oscillations. Reductions in the amplitude of these oscillations, therefore, may reflect a boost in the processing of high-fidelity information within the cortex. Here, we test this hypothesis. Twenty-one participants completed an associative memory task while undergoing simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings. Using representational similarity analysis, we quantified the amount of stimulus-specific information represented within the BOLD signal on every trial. When correlating this metric with concurrently-recorded alpha/beta power, we found a significant negative correlation which indicated that as alpha/beta power decreased, our metric of stimulus-specific information increased. This effect generalised across cognitive tasks, as the negative relationship could be observed during visual perception and episodic memory retrieval. Further analysis revealed that this effect could be better explained by alpha/beta power decreases providing favourable conditions for information processing, rather than directly representing stimulus-specific information. Together, these results indicate that alpha/beta power decreases parametrically track the fidelity of both externally-presented and internally-generated stimulus-specific information represented within the cortex.
Microbeam Radiation Therapy Alters Vascular Architecture and Tumor Oxygenation and is Enhanced by a Galectin-1 Targeted Anti-Angiogenic Peptide

In this study, we sought to determine the therapeutic potential of variably sized (50 μm or 500 μm wide, 14 mm tall) parallel microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) alone and in combination with a novel anti-angiogenic peptide, anginex, in mouse mammary carcinomas (4T1) – a moderately hypoxic and radioresistant tumor with propensity to metastasize. The fraction of total tumor volume that was directly irradiated was approximately 25% in each case, but the distance between segments irradiated by the planar microbeams (width of valley dose region) varied by an order of magnitude from 150-1500 μm corresponding to 200 μm and 2000 μm center-to-center inter-microbeam distances, respectively. We found that MRT administered in 50 μm beams at 150 Gy was most effective in delaying tumor growth. Furthermore, tumor growth delay induced by 50 μm beams at 150 Gy was virtually indistinguishable from the 500 μm beams at 150 Gy. Fifty-micrometer beams at the lower peak dose of 75 Gy induced growth delay intermediate between 150 Gy and untreated tumors, while 500 μm beams at 75 Gy were unable to alter tumor growth compared to untreated tumors. However, the addition of anginex treatment increased the relative tumor growth delay after 500 μm beams at 75 Gy most substantially out of the conditions tested. Anginex treatment of animals whose tumors received the 50 μm beams at 150 Gy also led to an improvement in growth delay from that induced by the comparable MRT alone. Immunohistochemical staining for CD31 (endothelial cells) and αSMA (smooth muscle pericyte-associated blood vessels as a measure of vessel normalization) indicated that vessel density was significantly decreased in all irradiated groups and pericyte staining was significantly increased in the irradiated groups on day 14 after irradiation. The addition of anginex treatment further decreased the mean vascular density in all combination treatment groups and further increased the amount of pericyte staining in these tumors. Finally, evidence of tumor hypoxia was found to decrease in tumors analyzed at 1–14 days after MRT in the groups receiving 150 Gy peak dose, but not 75 Gy peak dose. Our results suggest that tumor vascular damage induced by MRT at these potentially clinically acceptable peak entrance doses may provoke vascular normalization and may be exploited to improve tumor control using agents targeting angiogenesis.
Health and immigration.

In 2010 there were an estimated 214 million migrants worldwide (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2009). Migrants are persons moving to a geographical unit with the intention of settling indefinitely or temporarily in a place other than their place of origin (International Organization for Migration, 2011). Through World Health Assembly Resolution 61.17, Health of Migrants, the international community identifies migrant health as a priority and a human right and calls for member states of the World Health Organization (including Canada) to promote migrant-sensitive health policies and programs (World Health Organization [WHO], 2008). Nurse researchers have a key role to play in meeting this challenge, through their clinical knowledge of the needs of this population, their understanding of the social determinants of migrant health, and their expertise in a range of research methods that can be brought to bear to inform responsive policies and programs. A migrant is referred to as “immigrant” when the speaker positions himself or herself in the place where the migrant is settling; the term “immigrant” thus describes the move relative to the destination (Urquia & Gagnon, 2011), and it is from this perspective that the majority of health-care providers in the Western world view the migrants with whom they are in contact — as the “other,” moving in the direction of the Western world. However, the notion of unidirectional immigration is becoming obsolete. Movement trends now include secondary migration (i.e., to another place after the initial migration), serial migration (to more than two destination countries), and return migration (to the country of last residence) (Urquia & Gagnon, 2011). On the other hand, the notion of “immigration” is still relevant. Nation-states have the legal right to decide who may cross their borders, the conditions under which they may cross, and the benefits and responsibilities entailed in so doing. Immigrants are categorized by official immigration-regulating agencies of receiving countries based on criteria defined by these countries. Although there is no universally accepted classification system, the immigration classes applied in a number of CJNR 2011 Vol. 43 No 4, 9 –20
Efficient Computation of 1-D Periodic Layered Mixed Potentials for the Analysis of Leaky-Wave Antennas With Vertical Elements

An efficient mixed-potential integral equation formulation is proposed for the analysis of one-dimensional (1-D) periodic leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) based on planar stratified configurations with inclusions of arbitrarily oriented metallic or dielectric perturbations. Both the transverse and vertical components of the mixed-potential Green's functions due to a 1-D phased array of dipoles in a layered medium are accelerated using suitable homogeneous-medium asymptotic extractions from the standard spectral series of Floquet harmonics. A novel acceleration procedure is applied for the computation of the vertical potentials whose extracted terms can be expressed as potentials from a 1-D phased array of half-line sources in a homogeneous medium. Their numerical calculation requires a suitable modification of the Ewald method, thus resulting in new modified spectral and spatial series, having Gaussian convergence even in the case of complex modes and improper harmonics. Numerical comparisons for the 1-D periodic potentials, both in the case of bounded and unbounded (e.g., leaky) harmonics, validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed acceleration technique. The method is illustrated and verified by determining the dispersion behavior of both bound and leaky modes for several LWA test cases.
The Identification of Nucleic Acid-interacting Proteins Using a Simple Proteomics-based Approach That Directly Incorporates the Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay *

Proteins that interact with nucleic acids are central to numerous cellular processes, and their continuing characterization represents one of the foremost challenges in the postgenomic era. Here we describe a simple proteomics-based approach for the identification by mass spectrometry of proteins in crude extracts that interact with nucleic acids. It incorporates the electrophoretic mobility shift assay and is based on the finding that when a protein forms a complex with nucleic acid its electrophoretic mobility is affected as well as that of the nucleic acid. Our method should greatly reduce and in some cases may even eliminate the need for extensive protein purification and as such should contribute significantly to the functional annotation of the proteome. Furthermore it requires no prior knowledge of the molecular mass, quaternary structure, or pI of the interacting protein. Proof of principle is demonstrated using a recently discovered transcription factor; however, the approach should also have application in the identification of proteins that interact with RNA.
Recent Findings on Cardiomyoplasty Management and Mechanisms of Action : Implications for Patient Selection , and Postoperative Care

The use of skeletal muscle power to assist the failing heart in the clinical setting has been limited to the cardiomyoplasty procedure, apart from very preliminary clinical experience with skeletal muscle external aortic counterpulsation. Because of several drawbacks in patient selection, operative technique, and postoperative management, the patient outcome faced extremely variable results throughout the years. Most recent experiences have underlined the importance of refined patient inclusion criteria, appropriate strategy in surgical decision-making, and thorough patient follow-up to optimize postoperative results. The use of sophisticated techniques to evaluate cardiac performance disclosed subtle changes secondary to skeletal muscle support which are sheding new light on the understanding of mechanisms of action, and delineating the role of such a procedure in the therapeutic scenario of chronic heart failure. The present paper provides a useful overview on the recent advances in patient selection, the surgical technique, postoperative management, and probable mechanisms of action, based mainly on the personal experimental and clinical experiences.
Mitochondrial DNA Haplotypes Define Gene Expression Patterns in Pluripotent and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells

Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes are associated with various phenotypes, such as altered susceptibility to disease, environmental adaptations, and aging. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial DNA is essential for cell differentiation and the cell phenotype. However, the effects of different mitochondrial DNA haplotypes on differentiation and development remain to be determined. Using embryonic stem cell lines possessing the same Mus musculus chromosomes but harboring one of Mus musculus, Mus spretus, or Mus terricolor mitochondrial DNA haplotypes, we have determined the effects of different mitochondrial DNA haplotypes on chromosomal gene expression, differentiation, and mitochondrial metabolism. In undifferentiated and differentiating embryonic stem cells, we observed mitochondrial DNA haplotype‐specific expression of genes involved in pluripotency, differentiation, mitochondrial energy metabolism, and DNA methylation. These mitochondrial DNA haplotypes also influenced the potential of embryonic stem cells to produce spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes. The differences in gene expression patterns and cardiomyocyte production were independent of ATP content, oxygen consumption, and respiratory capacity, which until now have been considered to be the primary roles of mitochondrial DNA. Differentiation of embryonic stem cells harboring the different mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in a 3D environment significantly increased chromosomal gene expression for all haplotypes during differentiation. However, haplotype‐specific differences in gene expression patterns were maintained in this environment. Taken together, these results provide significant insight into the phenotypic consequences of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and demonstrate their influence on differentiation and development. We propose that mitochondrial DNA haplotypes play a pivotal role in the process of differentiation and mediate the fate of the cell. STEM CELLS 2013;31:703–716
PIG SPERM MEMBRANE INTEGRITY EVALUATED BY LECTIN LABELING

Sperm integrity is one of the most carefully examined characteristics for artificial insemination in humans and mammals. Techniques have been developed to assess the sperm plasma membrane integrity. Some of them need a well-trained evaluation for correctness, as is the case of the triple stain technique; others are time-consuming and need special equipment, varying from specially adapted microscopes to computer-based analyzers. The authors report the use of fluorescein-labeled peanut agglutinin plus a fluorescein extender that permits an easy evaluation for pig spermatozoa membrane integrity. Sperm integrity in pigs was evaluated before and after zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction in capacitated sperm. The sperm acrosome reaction was affected when the zona pellucida was reduced.
Unveiling the Architecture and Design of Android Applications - An Exploratory Study

This work presents an exploratory study whose goal was to investigate the architectural characteristics of Androidâ? s applications. We selected twelve popular and open-source applications available on the official Androidâ? s store for analysing. Then, we applied techniques of the reverse engineering to each target application in order to investigate three main aspects: (i) architecture of each application; use of the (ii) design patterns; and (iii) expecting handling policies. Support tools were used in order to identify dependencies between architectural components implemented in each target application, and to graphically present those dependencies. Then, based on this analysing, we present a qualitative analysis carried out on the extracted architectures. One of the outcomes consistently detected during this study was an overview of the main architectural choices that have been adopted by Android developers, resulting on formulation of a preliminary conceptual architecture for Android applications.