Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender and Role in Conflict Management: Female and Male Managers as Third Parties

This study tested hypotheses drawn from the literature on gender, leadership, and conflict management about the outcomes facilitated by men and women in third party roles in dispute resolution in organizations. Data collected in association with an MBA teambuilding exercise showed that when women played third party roles in which they lacked authority over disputants, they were able to facilitate an outcome that was both acceptable to disputants and met organizational interests, more than men in these roles or than men and women in third party roles with authority. Behavioral data suggested that this effect was due to women in the third party peer role eschewing and men in the third party role displaying agentic behavior. The study contributes to the literature on gender, leadership, and conflict management by showing women's traditional leadership strengths of collaboration and participation can result in unique outcomes when they have less rather than more authority over disputants.
The Nature and Origin of Rational Errors in Arithmetic Thinking: Induction from Examples and Prior Knowledge

Students systematically and deliberately apply rule-based but erroneous algorithms to solving unfamiliar arithmetic problems. These algorithms result in erroneous solutions termed rational errors. Computationally, students' erroneous algorithms can be represented by perturbations or bugs in otherwise correct arithmetic algorithms (Brown & VanLehn, 1980; Langley & Ohilson, 1984; VanLehn, 1983, 1986, 1990; Young S O'Sheo, 1981). Bugs are useful for describing how rational errors occur but bugs are not sufficient for explaining their origin. A possible explanation for this is that rational errors are the result of incorrect induction from examples. This prediction is termed the “induction hypothesis” (VanLehn, 1986). The purpose of the present study was to: (a) expand on post formulations of the induction hypothesis, and (b) use a new methodology to test the induction hypothesis more carefully than has been done previously. The first step involved teaching participants a new number system called NewAbacus, a written modification of the abacus system. The second step consisted of dividing them into different groups, where each individual received an example of only one port of the NewAbacus addition algorithm. During the third and final step, participants were instructed to solve both familiar and unfamiliar types of addition problems in NewAbacus. The induction hypothesis was supported by using both empirical and computational investigations.
The Dimeric Versus Monomeric Status of 14-3-3ζ Is Controlled by Phosphorylation of Ser58 at the Dimer Interface*

The 14-3-3 proteins play a central role in the regulation of cell growth, cycling, and apoptosis by modulating the functional activities of key signaling proteins. Through binding to a phosphoserine motif, 14-3-3 alters target proteins activities by sequestering them, relocalizing them, conformationally altering their functional activity, or by promoting interaction with other proteins. These functions of 14-3-3 are facilitated by, if not dependent on, its dimeric structure. We now show that the dimeric status of 14-3-3 is regulated by site-specific serine phosphorylation. We found that a sphingosine-dependent kinase phosphorylates 14-3-3 in vitro and in vivo on a serine residue (Ser58) located within the dimer interface. Furthermore, by developing an antibody that specifically recognizes 14-3-3ζ phosphorylated on Ser58 and employing native-PAGE and cross-linking techniques, we found that 14-3-3 phosphorylated on Ser58 is monomeric both in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylated 14-3-3 was detected solely as a monomer, indicating that phosphorylation of a single monomer within a dimer is sufficient to disrupt the dimeric structure. Significantly, phosphorylation-induced monomerization did not prevent 14-3-3 binding to a phosphopeptide target. We propose that this regulated monomerization of 14-3-3 controls its ability to modulate the activity of target proteins and thus may have significant implications for 14-3-3 function and the regulation of many cellular processes.
Secure parallel Outsourcing Scheme for Large-scale Matrix Multiplication on Distributed Cloud Servers

Large-scale matrix multiplication is a computational bottleneck in various applications including artificial intelligence and machine learning. Given the time complexity of O(n3) for matrix multiplication, large matrix computation is exceedingly time-consuming for the client-side user. By outsourcing this task to cloud servers with substantial computational resources, we can significantly reduce the client-side computational time. This paper presents a parallel matrix multiplication outsourcing scheme based on Cannon’s algorithm. By distributing the matrix across multiple cloud servers for parallel computation, we can get a significant efficiency speedup. Our scheme employs multiple cloud servers to perform parallel matrix computation, reducing the computational load by 89-97% when utilizing 4-16 servers as opposed to using a single server. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the scheme’s correctness, security, and verifiability, substantiating the benefits of our approach through the experimental data.
Modular Battery Balancing and Power Flow Management Using Isolated Multi-Port DC-DC Converter with Active Power Sharing Control

This paper describes a Modular Multiport Converter (MMC), including an active charge balancing unit with isolated power converters while achieving the desired power exchange between the multi-ports of a common AC-link hybrid converter. The MMC includes multiple battery modules connected to individual H-bridges and interfaced to the common high-frequency AC link. The AC link consists of a multi-winding high-frequency transformer with multiple primary windings for the battery module H-bridges and a secondary winding for in-terfacing Electric Vehicle (EV) loads through another secondary H-bridge converter. The MMC control strategy includes a hybrid control approach, where active charge balance is achieved amongst the battery modules based on their State-of-Charge (SOC) using a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control. The individual duty ratios of the input-side H-bridges are selected for the active charge balancing based on their respective SOC levels. The hybrid control approach includes a single-phase shift control for achieving bi-directional power exchange between the input-side H-bridges and the secondary H-bridge while maintaining the EV terminal voltage. The effectiveness of the topology is validated using the PLECS simulation tool by analysing different battery packs and varying load and charging conditions with the proposed closed-loop control.
The Rich Get Richer? Limited Learning in Charitable Giving on donorschoose.org

Crowdfunding websites allow anyone to raise money through many financial contributions from the ‘crowd. ’ One commonly cited social benefit of crowdfunding is the democratization of access to capital. The degree of the democratization depends on how much ordinary people, who may not have financial access before crowdfunding, receive funding. Since many crowdfunders start out as a non-professional, learning is a critical factor for them to be successful. However, it is not clear that initially unsuccessful crowdfunders learn enough to prevent the rich get richer phenomenon. By analyzing a large dataset from donorschoose.org, we found that successful crowdfunders appear to learn more while unsuccessful crowdfunders frequently give up on crowdfunding. This result calls for design solutions that help crowdfunders learn from failure better.
North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch-test results, 1998 to 2000.

BACKGROUND Patch testing is the most worthwhile diagnostic tool for the evaluation of patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE This study reports patch-testing results from July 1, 1998, to December 31, 2000, by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group. METHODS Patients were tested with the same screening series of allergens, using a standardized patch-testing technique. The data from these patients were recorded on a standard computer entry form and analyzed. RESULTS Fifty allergens were tested on over 5,800 patients. Amidoamine, benzophenone-3, and iodopropynyl butylcarbamate were the new allergens. The top 10 allergens in frequency of positive reactions were identical to those of our 1996-to 1998-study period. The incidence of allergic nickel reactions continues to go up, leading all the test substances by 16.2%. CONCLUSION Our findings reinforce the need for a more comprehensive group of diagnostic allergens than is found in the T.R. U.E. TEST, which is sold in the United States.
Environment-Dependent Genotype-Phenotype Associations in Avian Breeding Time

Understanding how genes shape phenotypes is essential to assess the evolutionary potential of a trait. Identifying the genes underlying quantitative behavioral or life-history traits has, however, proven to be a major challenge. The majority of these traits are phenotypically plastic and different parts of the genome can be involved in shaping the trait under different environmental conditions. These variable genotype-phenotype associations could be one explanation for the limited success of genome-wide association studies in such traits. We here use avian seasonal timing of breeding, a trait that is highly plastic in response to spring temperature, to explore effects of such genotype-by-environment interactions in genome-wide association studies. We genotyped 2045 great tit females for 384081 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and recorded their egg-laying dates in the wild. When testing for associations between SNPs and egg-laying dates, no SNP reached genome-wide significance. We then explored whether SNP effects were modified by annual spring temperature by formally testing for an interaction between SNP effect and temperature. The models including the SNP∗temperature interaction performed consistently better although no SNP reached genome-wide significance. Our results suggest that the effects of genes shaping seasonal timing depended on annual spring temperature. Such environment-dependent effects are expected for any phenotypically plastic trait. Taking these effects into account will thus improve the success of detecting genes involved in phenotypically plastic traits, thereby leading to a better understanding of their evolutionary potential.
High-flow nasal cannulae in very preterm infants after extubation.

BACKGROUND The use of high-flow nasal cannulae is an increasingly popular alternative to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for noninvasive respiratory support of very preterm infants (gestational age, <32 weeks) after extubation. However, data on the efficacy or safety of such cannulae in this population are lacking. METHODS In this multicenter, randomized, noninferiority trial, we assigned 303 very preterm infants to receive treatment with either high-flow nasal cannulae (5 to 6 liters per minute) or nasal CPAP (7 cm of water) after extubation. The primary outcome was treatment failure within 7 days. Noninferiority was determined by calculating the absolute difference in the risk of the primary outcome; the margin of noninferiority was 20 percentage points. Infants in whom treatment with high-flow nasal cannulae failed could be treated with nasal CPAP; infants in whom nasal CPAP failed were reintubated. RESULTS The use of high-flow nasal cannulae was noninferior to the use of nasal CPAP, with treatment failure occurring in 52 of 152 infants (34.2%) in the nasal-cannulae group and in 39 of 151 infants (25.8%) in the CPAP group (risk difference, 8.4 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, -1.9 to 18.7). Almost half the infants in whom treatment with high-flow nasal cannulae failed were successfully treated with CPAP without reintubation. The incidence of nasal trauma was significantly lower in the nasal-cannulae group than in the CPAP group (P=0.01), but there were no significant differences in rates of serious adverse events or other complications. CONCLUSIONS Although the result for the primary outcome was close to the margin of noninferiority, the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannulae was similar to that of CPAP as respiratory support for very preterm infants after extubation. (Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Network number, ACTRN12610000166077.).
Development Theory: An Analytical Framework and Selected Applications

THE HUMAN and social sciences have now divided into a large number of academic disciplines, many of which have made important contributions to development theory. But the rapid accumulation of knowledge such specialization makes possible is not without its problems. Differences in terminology and methodology and insufficient interdisciplinary cooperation create misunderstandings and apparent or real conflicts between disciplines. In this note, I suggest a framework for a concise interpretation of contending theories of development and for description of a variety of development processes. In doing so, my aim is to stimulate interdisciplinary discussion of development problems. I begin by suggesting a distinction between a number of broadly defined "structures," which are relevant for development theory. I am aware that some researchers define structures as static, but since development of human groups and societies is a dynamic process, I propose to deal with
Shifting “Tough on Crime” to Keeping Kids Out of Jail

The proliferation of zero tolerance policies and “tough on crime” laws has lead to 2.11 million youth arrested and 75% adjudicated through juvenile courts in 2008. Many arrested youth have mental illness diagnosis resulting in further barriers including fragmented services, institutions with conflicting missions and incompatible approaches, and a dearth of community resources (Shufelt & Cocozza, 2006). Yet, for the boom years of mass incarceration since 1990s, the Agency1 studied for this project shifted from institutionalization of these youth to community-based treatments by shifting from problem-based medical focus to a strengths-based approach. In this study, qualitative data collection occurred over a 6-month period for the purposes of analyzing how a community-based program has sustained itself in an era that emphasizes a tough approach to crime. This Agency’s success partially stems from shifting the conversation about juvenile justice away from punishment by effectively viewing the youth’s family as the expert and a valuable resource in treatment. This shift, enhanced by diversification of services and fiscal controls, also illustrates that a strengths-based approach to juvenile justice is also cost-effective.
N-Acetyl-Serotonin Protects HepG2 Cells from Oxidative Stress Injury Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. N-Acetyl-serotonin (NAS) has been reported to protect against oxidative damage, though the mechanisms by which NAS protects hepatocytes from oxidative stress remain unknown. To determine whether pretreatment with NAS could reduce hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, we investigated the H2O2-induced oxidative damage to HepG2 cells with or without NAS using MTT, Hoechst 33342, rhodamine 123, Terminal dUTP Nick End Labeling Assay (TUNEL), dihydrodichlorofluorescein (H2DCF), Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) double staining, immunocytochemistry, and western blot. H2O2 produced dramatic injuries in HepG2 cells, represented by classical morphological changes of apoptosis, increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increased activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3, release of cytochrome c (Cyt-C) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria, and loss of membrane potential (ΔΨm). NAS significantly inhibited H2O2-induced changes, indicating that it protected against H2O2-induced oxidative damage by reducing MDA levels and increasing SOD activity and that it protected the HepG2 cells from apoptosis through regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, involving inhibition of mitochondrial hyperpolarization, release of mitochondrial apoptogenic factors, and caspase activity.
Exploring the boundary between school science and everyday knowledge in primary school pedagogic practices

This paper explores the different ways that primary school teachers in Uganda navigate the boundary between school science and everyday knowledge in the context of a centrally mandated curriculum innovation. The paper is based on a study of the pedagogic practices of 16 teachers in eight Ugandan primary schools that were selected on the basis of having a track record of either high or low academic achievement in the public primary school‐leaving examination. The official primary school curriculum in Uganda prescribes that science be taught in an integrated form, including integration between science subject knowledge and everyday knowledge. The strategies that teachers in the study adopted in relating science to everyday knowledge was a key feature that differentiated between pedagogic practices in the high‐performing and low‐performing schools. In high‐performing schools, teachers recruited everyday knowledge as a resource for learning science as a specialised discourse; whereas in the low‐performing schools, acquiring everyday knowledge was viewed as an end in itself. The paper, then, considers the implications of differences in teachers' pedagogic strategies for the kinds of knowledge to which learners are given access.
Market Power Analysis in Deregulated Electricity Markets using AC Power Flow Models

Market power assessment is a prime concern when designing a deregulated electricity market. In this paper, we propose a new functional market power measure, termed transmission constrained network flow TCNF , that takes into account an AC model of the network. The measure unifies three large classes of long-term transmission constrained market power indices in the literature: residual supply based, network flow based, and minimal generation based. Furthermore it is built upon the recent advances in semidefinite relaxations of AC power flow equations to model the underlying power network. Previously, market power measure that took into account the network did so via DC approximations of power flow models. Our results highlight that using the more accurate AC model can yield fundamentally different conclusions both about whether market power exists and about which generators can exploit market power.
Vitamin D Supplementation Enhances the Fixation of Titanium Implants in Chronic Kidney Disease Mice

Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency is a common condition in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients that negatively affects bone regeneration and fracture healing. Previous study has shown that timely healing of titanium implants is impaired in CKD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Vit D supplementation on implant osseointegration in CKD mice. Uremia was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy in C57BL mice. Eight weeks after the second renal surgery, animals were given 1,25(OH)2D3 three times a week intraperitoneally for four weeks. Experimental titanium implants were inserted into the distal end of femurs two weeks later. Serum measurements confirmed decreased 1,25(OH)2D levels in CKD mice, which could be successfully corrected by Vit D injections. Moreover, the hyperparathyroidism observed in CKD mice was also corrected. X-ray examination and histological sections showed successful osseointegration in these mice. Histomorphometrical analysis revealed that the bone-implant contact (BIC) ratio and bone volume (BV/TV) around the implant were significantly increased in the Vit D-supplementation group. In addition, resistance of the implant, as measured by a push-in method, was significantly improved compared to that in the vehicle group. These results demonstrate that Vit D supplementation is an effective approach to improve the fixation of titanium implants in CKD.
Spatially resolved IR microspectroscopy of single cells.

Fourier transform IR (FTIR) microspectroscopy at a spatial resolution of 18 microm was used to study skin fibroblasts and giant sarcoma cells. Both cell lines were derived from the same patient; they were metabolically active and in the exponentially growing phase. The IR spectra were acquired for the nuclei and cytosol of untreated cells, cells washed with ethanol, and cells treated with RNase or DNase. A comparison of the spectra of the two cell lines yielded only insignificant spectral differences, indicating that IR spectroscopy monitors the overall cell activity rather than specific signs of cancer.
Community Involvement In Schools

This article reviews the current theoretical and empirical literature on community involvement in schools to foster greater understanding of the key concepts, themes, and issues in the field. The article describes differing rationales for community involvement. It also discusses four major forms of school-community partnerships and factors that influence their implementation and results. The article concludes with suggestions to increase the capacity of community involvement in schools to positively affect students, professional educators, families, and communities.
A Lookup Index for Semantic Web Resources

Developers of Semantic Web applications face a challenge with respect to the decentralised publication model: where to find statements about encountered resources. The “linked data” approach, which mandates that resource URIs should be de-referenced and yield metadata about the resource, helps but is only a partial solution and not followed widely. We present a simple lookup index that crawls and indexes resources on the Semantic Web. Our index allows applications to automatically retrieve sources with information about a certain resource. In contrast to more feature-rich Semantic Web search engines, our index is limited in scope and functionality and is therefore simple, small, and
Adenovirus-Facilitated Nuclear Translocation of Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2

ABSTRACT We examined cytoplasmic trafficking and nuclear translocation of adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) by using Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated wild-type AAV, A20 monoclonal antibody immunocytochemistry, and subcellular fractionation techniques followed by DNA hybridization. Our results indicated that in the absence of adenovirus (Ad), AAV enters the cell rapidly and escapes from early endosomes with a t 1/2 of about 10 min postinfection. Cytoplasmically distributed AAV accumulated around the nucleus and persisted perinuclearly for 16 to 24 h. Viral uncoating occurred before or during nuclear entry beginning about 12 h postinfection, when viral protein and DNA were readily detected in the nucleus. Few, if any, intact AAV capsids were found in the nucleus. In the presence of Ad, however, cytoplasmic AAV quickly translocated into the nucleus as intact particles as early as 40 min after coinfection, and this facilitated nuclear translocation of AAV was not blocked by the nuclear pore complex inhibitor thapsigargan. The rapid nuclear translocation of intact AAV capsids in the presence of Ad suggested that one or more Ad capsid proteins might be altering trafficking. Indeed, coinfection with empty Ad capsids also resulted in the appearance of AAV DNA in nuclei within 40 min. Escape from early endosomes did not seem to be affected by Ad coinfection.