Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Parsing with Large-Scale Unification Grammars

The efficiency problem in parsing with large-scale unification grammars, including implementations in the Head-driven Phrase Structure grammar (HPSG) framework, used to be a serious obstacle to their application in research and commercial settings. Over the past few years, however, significant progress in efficient processing has been achieved. Still, many of the proposed techniques were developed in isolation only, making comparison and the assessment of their combined potential difficult. Also, a number of techniques were never evaluated on large-scale grammars. This thesis sets out to improve this situation by reviewing, integrating, and evaluating a number of techniques for efficient unification-based parsing. A strong focus is set on efficient graph unification. I provide an overview of previous work in this area of research, including the foundational algorithm in the work of Wroblewski (1987), for which I identify a previously unnoticed flaw, and provide a solution. I introduce the PET platform, which has been developed with two goals: (i) to serve as a flexible basis for research in efficient processing techniques, allowing precise empirical study and comparison of different approaches, and (ii) to provide an efficient run-time processor that supports fruitful scientific and practical utilization of HPSG grammars. The design and implementation of PET is presented in detail, including a closer look at efficient semi-lattice computation in the preprocessor. A number of experiments with PET are discussed, using three existing large-scale HPSG grammars of English, Japanese, and German. I give precise empirical answers to some open research questions, most importantly the question of feature structure encoding (lists of feature-value pairs versus representations based on fixed arity), and show that this is a much less important factor than often assumed. I also address the question of predicting practical performance across grammars and processing platforms. Finally, I take a wider perspective and report on the overall improvement of processing performance for HPSG grammars (as exemplified by the LinGO grammar) that has been achieved over a period of four years by an international consortium of research groups.
Preprocedural N‐Terminal Pro‐Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT‐proBNP) Is Similar to the Mehran Contrast‐Induced Nephropathy (CIN) Score in Predicting CIN Following Elective Coronary Angiography

Background N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) has been associated with important risk factors for contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN). However, few studies have investigated the predictive value of NT‐proBNP itself. This study investigated whether levels of preprocedural NT‐proBNP could predict CIN after elective coronary angiography as effectively as the Mehran CIN score. Methods and Results We retrospectively observed 2248 patients who underwent elective coronary angiography. The predictive value of preprocedural NT‐proBNP for CIN was assessed by receiver operating characteristic and multivariable logistic regression analysis. The 50 patients (2.2%) who developed CIN had higher Mehran risk scores (9.5±5.1 versus 4.8±3.8), and higher preprocedural levels of NT‐proBNP (5320±7423 versus 1078±2548 pg/mL, P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that NT‐proBNP was not significantly different from the Mehran CIN score in predicting CIN (C=0.7657 versus C=0.7729, P=0.8431). An NT‐proBNP cutoff value of 682 pg/mL predicted CIN with 78% sensitivity and 70% specificity. Multivariable analysis suggested that, after adjustment for other risk factors, NT‐proBNP >682 pg/mL was significantly associated with CIN (odds ratio: 4.007, 95% CI: 1.950 to 8.234; P<0.001) and risk of death (hazard ratio: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.49 to 4.30; P=0.0006). Conclusions Preprocedural NT‐proBNP >682 pg/mL was significantly associated with the risk of CIN and death. NT‐proBNP, like the Mehran CIN score, may be another useful and rapid screening tool for CIN and death risk assessment, identifying subjects who need therapeutic measures to prevent CIN.
Learning Condensed Feature Representations from Large Unsupervised Data Sets for Supervised Learning

This paper proposes a novel approach for effectively utilizing unsupervised data in addition to supervised data for supervised learning. We use unsupervised data to generate informative 'condensed feature representations' from the original feature set used in supervised NLP systems. The main contribution of our method is that it can offer dense and low-dimensional feature spaces for NLP tasks while maintaining the state-of-the-art performance provided by the recently developed high-performance semi-supervised learning technique. Our method matches the results of current state-of-the-art systems with very few features, i.e., F-score 90.72 with 344 features for CoNLL-2003 NER data, and UAS 93.55 with 12.5K features for dependency parsing data derived from PTB-III.
Study of Recognition Method of leguminous Weed Seeds Image

This paper provides a sorting method for the identification of leguminous weed seeds by using clustering. The image processing methods are made use of threshold segmentation, smooth processing and edge detection etc, as well as the image processing algorithm is delivered. According to the stability and genetic characteristics describes in phytotaxonomy for leguminous weed seeds, the feature set includes the aspect ratio between the seed and the umbilical on: the major axis, surface area, perimeter, position and angle between the center points. Although the images are rotated, shifted or zoomed, the visual effect will keep invariance. A tentative auto-recognizing clustering method is adopted, the method may enhance the recognition ratio through learning. Experiments show that the method is effective.
A stereo camera-equipped quadrotor platform for vision based nonlinear control

The quadrotor is a useful platform to illustrate to the engineering students how the nonlinear controllers can be designed and implemented. Cameras can provide rich geometric and semantic information to assist the quadrotor in performing the tasks like hovering, trajectory/moving object tracking, and etc. In this paper, we introduce a stereo camera-equipped quadrotor platform, which is suitable for demonstrating to the engineering students how the vision based nonlinear controller can be theoretically designed and practically implemented. With this quadrotor platform, we propose a vision based trajectory tracking controller as a case study, by following the Position Based Visual Servoing (PBVS) paradigm. Most of the PBVS controllers, if not all, are implemented assuming that the quadrotor's position has been accurately recovered with an independent estimator. Therefore the rigorous stability cannot be promised due to the separation principle does not hold for the general nonlinear systems. Moreover, the dynamic model used in most, if not all, of the previous PBVS controllers is derived from the Newtonian/Lagrangian mechanics and the introduced quadrotor platform has the closed-loop linear velocity control which can be fully utilized to simplify the controller design. Accordingly, a new PBVS controller is proposed in this paper for the trajectory tracking of quadrotors with embedding a novel adaptive estimator into this new controller to estimate the position of the quadrotor online, and with adopting a novel data-based dynamic model in the controller design. It is proved by Lyapunov theory that the proposed adaptive dynamic PBVS controller gives rise to the asymptotic trajectory tracking and the convergence of the estimated position to the actual one. The detailed theoretical derivation and a related experiment are conducted to show the students how to apply the nonlinear control laws to a practical quadrotor platform.
Brain activations during bimodal dual tasks depend on the nature and combination of component tasks

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate brain activations during nine different dual tasks in which the participants were required to simultaneously attend to concurrent streams of spoken syllables and written letters. They performed a phonological, spatial or “simple” (speaker-gender or font-shade) discrimination task within each modality. We expected to find activations associated specifically with dual tasking especially in the frontal and parietal cortices. However, no brain areas showed systematic dual task enhancements common for all dual tasks. Further analysis revealed that dual tasks including component tasks that were according to Baddeley's model “modality atypical,” that is, the auditory spatial task or the visual phonological task, were not associated with enhanced frontal activity. In contrast, for other dual tasks, activity specifically associated with dual tasking was found in the left or bilateral frontal cortices. Enhanced activation in parietal areas, however, appeared not to be specifically associated with dual tasking per se, but rather with intermodal attention switching. We also expected effects of dual tasking in left frontal supramodal phonological processing areas when both component tasks required phonological processing and in right parietal supramodal spatial processing areas when both tasks required spatial processing. However, no such effects were found during these dual tasks compared with their component tasks performed separately. Taken together, the current results indicate that activations during dual tasks depend in a complex manner on specific demands of component tasks.
Evaluation Study of IEEE 1609.4 Performance for safety and non-safety messages dissemination

The IEEE 1609.4 was developed to support multi-channel operation and channel switching procedure in order to provide both safety and non-safety vehicular applications. However, this protocol has some drawback because it does not make efficient usage of channel bandwidth resources for single radio WAVE devices and suffer from high bounded delay and lost packet especially for large-scale networks in terms of the number of active nodes. This paper evaluates IEEE 1609.4 multi-channel protocol performance for safety and non-safety application and compare it with the IEEE 802.11p single channel protocol. Multi-channel and single- channel protocols are analyzed in different environments to investigate their performance. By relying on a realistic dataset and using OMNeT++ simulation tool as network simulator, SUMO as traffic simulator and coupling them by employing Veins framework. Performance evaluation results show that the delay of single- channel protocol IEEE 802.11p has been degraded 36% compared with multi-channel protocol.
The new Intel ® Xscale TM Microarchitecture

In embedded systems, performance and power consumption are the most important criteria to define a good processor chip. The new Intel® XscaleTM microarchitecture, an evolution from StrongARMTM microarchitecture, combines these two features, as will be detailed in this communication. We will also see the advanced techniques used by this microarchitecture core to achieve a high level of efficiency.
Evaluating the Effect of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Self-Management in Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Dialysis

Background. Type 2 diabetes is an increasingly common condition with several preventable microvascular complications such as kidney damage. Nephropathy is expensive to manage, especially as hospital dialysis treatment. Improving patients' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward their condition can achieve better control, delay complications, and improve their quality of life. This study evaluated the KAP and self-care behaviors of diabetic patients on dialysis and variables that affect it. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Shahid Beheshti academic hospitals of Tehran, Iran. Face-to-face interviews were held to fill five validated questionnaires: three evaluating KAP, one evaluating self-management, and one evaluating quality of life. Result. 117 diabetic patients on hemodialysis (42 females) with mean (SD) age of 68.70 ± 9.26 years were enrolled in the survey. The scores for patient's KAP, self-care, and quality of life were 59.90 ± 11.23, 44.27 ± 8.35, 45.06 ± 12.87, 46.21 ± 10.23, and 26.85 ± 13.23, respectively. There was significant negative correlation between patients' knowledge and attitude with their glycosylated hemoglobin level and their fasting blood sugar. There was significant correlation between patients' knowledge and practice with their self-care activities. Conclusion. The present study suggests that patients' KAP scores have a practical effect upon self-care behavior. This highlights the needs for effective diabetes education programs in developing countries like Iran.
On leveraging crowdsourced data for automatic perceived stress detection

Resorting to crowdsourcing platforms is a popular way to obtain annotations. Multiple potentially noisy answers can thus be aggregated to retrieve an underlying ground truth. However, it may be irrelevant to look for a unique ground truth when we ask crowd workers for opinions, notably when dealing with subjective phenomena such as stress. In this paper, we discuss how we can better use crowdsourced annotations with an application to automatic detection of perceived stress. Towards this aim, we first acquired video data from 44 subjects in a stressful situation and gathered answers to a binary question using a crowdsourcing platform. Then, we propose to integrate two measures derived from the set of gathered answers into the machine learning framework. First, we highlight that using the consensus level among crowd worker answers substantially increases classification accuracies. Then, we show that it is suitable to directly predict for each video the proportion of positive answers to the question from the different crowd workers. Hence, we propose a thorough study on how crowdsourced annotations can be used to enhance performance of classification and regression methods.
Emotion differentiation moderates the effects of rumination on depression: A longitudinal study.

Elevated trait rumination is associated with and predicts onset of major depressive disorder, but not all people with elevated trait rumination develop major depressive disorder. We hypothesize that certain emotional processes weaken the rumination-depression link, protecting against increases in depression. In this prospective longitudinal study, we examined one such process, emotion differentiation-the ability to discern specific emotions. Because higher negative emotion differentiation (NED) facilitates down-regulating negative emotions and the content of rumination tends to be negative, we predicted that NED, but not positive emotion differentiation (PED), would moderate the rumination-depression association, such that rumination would only predict increases in depression when negative emotions are less, not more, differentiated. Over 1 week of experience sampling, 65 community-dwelling adults (M = 38.4 years) repeatedly reported their emotions, from which we computed NED and PED. Participants completed self-report measures of rumination and depression at baseline and a measure of depression 6 months later. Regression analyses suggested that the combination of NED and PED, but not a unique contribution of either NED or PED, interacted with rumination to predict significant changes in depression, after controlling for mean emotion. Specifically, rumination predicted significant increases in depression when emotion differentiation was lower, but not higher. Findings demonstrate longitudinal benefits of emotion differentiation in adults and suggest emotion differentiation as a promising avenue for studying major depressive disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
The Influence of Ethical Leadership and Ethical Culture on Faculty Engagement

In this non-experimental correlational study, the researcher examined the combined influence of ethic leadership behavior and organizational ethical culture on employee engagement, where ethical behaviors acts as a mediating variable. The investigator extended the applicability of prior studies by examining a well-educated, professional working population, the faculty of colleges and universities in North and South Carolina. The study employed a survey methodology utilizing reliable and valid instruments developed by others in previous research. The findings demonstrate that ethical leadership behavior in managers acts to mediate the influence of organizational culture within the study population without regard to age, gender, or employment status (full or part-time). Although other factors, not part of the study, may influence employee engagement, the findings suggest that organizations can leverage the development of ethical leadership as a behavioral model (Yigit & Bozkurt, 2017). The study confirms that even among college and university faculty, managers who enact and uphold ethical values may have a greater likelihood to cultivate higher levels of job engagement and a greater employee connection and commitment to the organization.
Discussion—Earnings Surprises and the Cost of Equity Capital

Mikhail, Walther, and Willis (2004) (hereafter MWW) conclude that “firms with repeated large earnings surprises experience a higher cost of equity capital than firms without large earnings surprises. ” Unfortunately, this conclusion depends crucially on (1) the measures of cost of capital, (2) the measures of earnings surprise, and (3) the controls for other factors that may lead to differences in the cost of capital. ’ This discussion of MWW makes the following points: (1) estimates of the implied expected rate of return on equity capital (referred to as cost of capital in MWW) based on current prices and analysts’ forecasts cannot be relied on at the firm level because they are measured with so much error, (2) the so-called measures of earnings surprise are probably just capturing differences between earnings as reported by Compustat and Value Line “actual” earnings, and (3) the closely related extant literature suggests many factors not considered by MWW: these factors are likely explanations for the higher estimates of the implied expected rate of return on equity capital for the MWW sample of observations with large earnings surprises .
Bicluster Algorithm and Used in Market Analysis

The premise of the enterprise that implements the product family architecture is the analysis to the sailed products history data, carrying on accuracy demarcation of the customer sets and products sets. But, the traditional cluster methods consist in simultaneous one partitioning of the set of products or the set of customers. In this paper we review the most widely used and successful biclustering techniques and use bicluster consist in simultaneous partitioning of the set of products and the set of customers. The bicluster algorithm is discussed. The results of the improved bicluster algorithm used in the product family architecture analysis show that, compared with traditional cluster methods, the quality of clustering results is enhanced obviously, the mining expression models are better, and the data possess a strong consistency with fluctuation on the condition. Keywords-cluster; bicluster algorithm; market analysis
A Disrupt-Then-Reframe Technique of Social Influence

Several theories of change imply that disrupting a person's understanding of an event will facilitate a new representation of that event. The authors created a new influence technique involving a small disruption (stating the price of a package of note cards in pennies rather than dollars) and a direct reframing (saying, "It's a bargain"). Four studies showed that a disrupt-then-r eframe (DTR) technique was influential in getting household residents to purchase cards supporting a local charity. Studies 2 and 3 showed that the new technique required both the disruption and the new reframing in that sequence. Study 4 showed the effect when sellers learned 1 sales script and were blind to other scripts. These studies establish the DTR technique and demonstrate the subtlety of some social influence. The psychology of social influence has identified a series of seemingly small variations in a request that can produce great differences in compliance. These have acquired clever nicknames such as foot-in-the-d oor, door-in-the-face, and lowballing (Cialdini, 1993). In this research, we establish a new influence procedure, which we call the disrupt-then-reframe (DTR) technique. The DTR technique rests on the assumption that many everyday persuasive attempts create an approach-avoi dance conflict in the target. The target wants to help, wants to own, or wants to enjoy the offered product or service, but at the same time is resistant to the expense, to the effort, or to the commitment required to do so. Many influence techniques attempt to bolster the approach tendency, that is, to provide additional reasons or additional incentives for compliance. The DTR technique works instead with both the approach and the avoidance forces by disrupting the resistance so that the target can be made susceptible to a persuasive framing of the offer. In four studies, we sold note cards door-to-door for a worthy charity. We presumed that most residents would like to help the charity and would find some use for the note cards but that they would also feel resistant to door-to-door solicitations, spending money, or even complying with someone else's agenda. In this research we introduced a subtle disruption to the sales request. We stated the price in pennies: "The price of these note cards is 300 pennies. " The disruption was followed immediately by a reframing that provided additional reasons for purchasing the cards. The reframing we used was as simple and direct as we could make it: "It's a bargain. "
Preparation of a Candidate Primary Reference Material for the International Standardisation of HbA1c Determinations

Abstract We prepared a candidate primary reference material for the forthcoming international standardisation of β-N-terminal glycated hemoglobin A measurements. It consists of well-defined mixtures of purified β-N-terminal glycated hemoglobin A and non-glycated hemoglobin A. First, β-N-terminal glycated hemoglobin A and non-glycated hemoglobin A were isolated, purified to homogeneity, and characterised. The techniques used were cation exchange and affinity chromatography for the purification, and high performance liquid chromatography, capillary isoelectric focusing, electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry, and peptide mapping for the characterisation. Hemoglobins from blood of healthy, non-diabetic volunteers were obtained with a purity of >99.5% for non-glycated hemoglobin A and of >98.5% for β-N-terminal glycated hemoglobin A. However, results from peptide mapping indicate that the β-N-terminal glycated hemoglobin A preparations still contain some non-β-N-terminal glycated hemoglobins, co-eluting with β-N-terminal glycated hemoglobin A. The exact content of β-N-terminal glycated hemoglobin A in these preparations could be determined by a procedure consisting of standard addition, enzymatic cleavage and quantification of the resulting β-Nterminal peptides to be in the range from 95–97.5%. Since the β-N-terminal glycated hemoglobin A and non-glycated hemoglobin A content could be exactly determined in the materials prepared, mixtures of both components could be successfully used to calibrate the candidate reference methods.