Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential energy–driven spin manipulation via a controllable hydrogen ligand

A hydrogen-functionalized scanning probe tip is used to reversibly switch the total spin of a cobalt hydride complex. Spin-bearing molecules can be stabilized on surfaces and in junctions with desirable properties, such as a net spin that can be adjusted by external stimuli. Using scanning probes, initial and final spin states can be deduced from topographic or spectroscopic data, but how the system transitions between these states is largely unknown. We address this question by manipulating the total spin of magnetic cobalt hydride complexes on a corrugated boron nitride surface with a hydrogen-functionalized scanning probe tip by simultaneously tracking force and conductance. When the additional hydrogen ligand is brought close to the cobalt monohydride, switching between a correlated S = 1/2 Kondo state, where host electrons screen the magnetic moment, and an S = 1 state with magnetocrystalline anisotropy is observed. We show that the total spin changes when the system is transferred onto a new potential energy surface that is defined by the position of the hydrogen in the junction. These results show how and why chemically functionalized tips are an effective tool to manipulate adatoms and molecules and a promising new method to selectively tune spin systems.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Long-Term Depression: Molecular Mechanisms

The ability to modify synaptic transmission between neurons is a fundamental process of the nervous system that is involved in development, learning, and disease. Thus, synaptic plasticity is the ability to bidirectionally modify transmission, where long-term potentiation and long-term depression (LTD) represent the best characterized forms of plasticity. In the hippocampus, two main forms of LTD coexist that are mediated by activation of either N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) or metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Compared with NMDAR-LTD, mGluR-LTD is less well understood, but recent advances have started to delineate the underlying mechanisms. mGluR-LTD at CA3:CA1 synapses in the hippocampus can be induced either by synaptic stimulation or by bath application of the group I selective agonist (R,S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine. Multiple signaling mechanisms have been implicated in mGluR-LTD, illustrating the complexity of this form of plasticity. This review provides an overview of recent studies investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying hippocampal mGluR-LTD. It highlights the role of key molecular components and signaling pathways that are involved in the induction and expression of mGluR-LTD and considers how the different signaling pathways may work together to elicit a persistent reduction in synaptic transmission.
Invasibility of Mediterranean-Climate Rivers by Non-Native Fish: The Importance of Environmental Drivers and Human Pressures

Invasive species are regarded as a biological pressure to natural aquatic communities. Understanding the factors promoting successful invasions is of great conceptual and practical importance. From a practical point of view, it should help to prevent future invasions and to mitigate the effects of recent invaders through early detection and prioritization of management measures. This study aims to identify the environmental determinants of fish invasions in Mediterranean-climate rivers and evaluate the relative importance of natural and human drivers. Fish communities were sampled in 182 undisturbed and 198 disturbed sites by human activities, belonging to 12 river types defined for continental Portugal within the implementation of the European Union's Water Framework Directive. Pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus (L.), and mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki (Girard), were the most abundant non-native species (NNS) in the southern river types whereas the Iberian gudgeon, Gobio lozanoi Doadrio and Madeira, was the dominant NNS in the north/centre. Small northern mountain streams showed null or low frequency of occurrence and abundance of NNS, while southern lowland river types with medium and large drainage areas presented the highest values. The occurrence of NNS was significantly lower in undisturbed sites and the highest density of NNS was associated with high human pressure. Results from variance partitioning showed that natural environmental factors determine the distribution of the most abundant NNS while the increase in their abundance and success is explained mainly by human-induced disturbance factors. This study stresses the high vulnerability of the warm water lowland river types to non-native fish invasions, which is amplified by human-induced degradation.
Association of new deletion/duplication region at chromosome 1p21 with intellectual disability, severe speech deficit and autism spectrum disorder-like behavior: an all-in approach to solving the DPYD enigma

Abstract We describe an as yet unreported neocentric small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 1p21.3p21. 2. It was present in 80% of the lymphocytes in a male patient with intellectual disability, severe speech deficit, mild dysmorphic features, and hyperactivity with elements of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several important neurodevelopmental genes are affected by the 3.56 Mb copy number gain of 1p21.3p21. 2, which may be considered reciprocal in gene content to the recently recognized 1p21.3 microdeletion syndrome. Both 1p21.3 deletions and the presented duplication display overlapping symptoms, fitting the same disorder category. Contribution of coding and non-coding genes to the phenotype is discussed in the light of cellular and intercellular homeostasis disequilibrium. In line with this the presented 1p21.3p21. 2 copy number gain correlated to 1p21.3 microdeletion syndrome verifies the hypothesis of a cumulative effect of the number of deregulated genes - homeostasis disequilibrium leading to overlapping phenotypes between microdeletion and microduplication syndromes. Although miR-137 appears to be the major player in the 1p21.3p21. 2 region, deregulation of the DPYD (dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase) gene may potentially affect neighboring genes underlying the overlapping symptoms present in both the copy number loss and copy number gain of 1p21. Namely, the all-in approach revealed that DPYD is a complex gene whose expression is epigenetically regulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) within the locus. Furthermore, the long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) L1MC1 transposon inserted in DPYD intronic transcript 1 (DPYD-IT1) lncRNA with its parasites, TcMAR-Tigger5b and pair of Alu repeats appears to be the “weakest link” within the DPYD gene liable to break. Identification of the precise mechanism through which DPYD is epigenetically regulated, and underlying reasons why exactly the break (FRA1E) happens, will consequently pave the way toward preventing severe toxicity to the antineoplastic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and development of the causative therapy for the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency.
CNN-LSTM-AE Based Predictive Maintenance Using STFT for Rotating Machinery

In modern manufacturing after the Fourth Industrial Revolution, fast and accurate production is essential, and it is important to maintain and improve process reliability and productivity. Beyond the traditional conservative maintenance method, it is important to monitor the condition of facilities and take preventive measures. This study aims to analyze vibration data of manufacturing equipment and predict rotor defects using deep learning technology. An anomaly detection model that distinguishes between normal and abnormal conditions of the equipment is trained, and proactive problem prediction through internal and external data (sensor data, operation logs, etc.) is emphasized. Vibration data is converted into two-dimensional image data through Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT), and feature extraction is performed through Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm. Then, an Autoencoder (AE) based time series anomaly detection technique is used to make efficient and accurate predictions. In order to strengthen the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry, a deep learning-based rotor defect prediction model was developed, which is expected to improve the stability and productivity of the manufacturing process.
Preparing Students for Success in Blended Learning Environments: Future Oriented Motivation and Self-Regulation

Blended learning (semi-virtual) environments provide an alternative format to pure onsite or online learning environments combining the advantages of both formats for optimal teaching and learning. An innovative method and for fostering and encouraging student success in learning environments using online formats is to incorporate aspects of student future orientation into instruction. Using social cognitive theory as a framework, this paper presents a program of research examining whether perceptions of student motivation, self-regulation, goal orientation, and future time perspective (FTP) can be positively influenced through future oriented instruction in a blended learning environment at a German university. This research contributes to the body of literature on FTP with its focus on the operation of FTP as a topic of instruction and through the longitudinal examination (2 semesters) of student self perceptions. Multiple analysis of variance and regression analysis were conducted on the three groups of first-year university students receiving future oriented, non-future oriented, or no (control measure) instruction. The findings support previous research regarding the relationship between perceived FTP and learning process factors such as motivation and self-regulation. Furthermore, the findings indicate that future oriented instruction benefits students in terms of goal-orientation, motivation and self-regulation, increasing the chances for successful participation in blended learning environments.
High-Gain SIW Antenna with Ridge Gap Waveguide Feed for W-Band Applications

A high-gain substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) for W-band applications is designed and analyzed in this paper. The proposed antenna utilizes a well-established approach by combining SIW technology with a microstrip-based ridge gap waveguide (GWG) feed for better gain and efficiency. The integration of a novel slot on the radiating aperture, along with the ridge-based GWG feed, minimizes losses and yields efficient transmission. The proposed antenna has a boresight gain of more than 9.5 dB and an impedance bandwidth of 85-95 GHz. The combination of SIW and ridge-based GWG results in a compact, multi-layered structure that offers wider bandwidth, minimized losses, and enhanced gain. The radiation performance of the proposed antenna is authenticated through simulations using CST EM simulation software, showing over 90% radiation efficiency. For actual operating scenarios, a wideband transition structure between rectangular waveguide (RWG) and GWG is also designed. The proposed antenna design holds potential for applications requiring high-gain, wideband, and efficient radiation in W-band or millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems.
Investigation of XML to Support an Application Framework for the Analysis of Structural NMR Data

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is used to study the three-dimensional structures of proteins. These studies require the use of numerous software tools to analyze and convert the raw data. CONNJUR is an application framework in development that promises to simplify the process of NMR analysis by creating a single point-of-entry graphical user interface (GUI) for the NMR analysis tools. This interface allows the scientist to launch the tools and save the relevant data that will allow him to recreate the experiment at any stage. Also, the data is saved to a relational database that allows detailed analysis that would have otherwise been very difficult to perform. This study will investigate the issues involved in the use of XML for data transfer between the tools and the database.
Readers' real-life narratives in selected contemporary Thai and UK women's magazines : a comparative study

The primary aim of my study is to examine how readers’ real-life narratives in selected women’s magazines from the UK and Thailand construct women in these two different cultural contexts. My research provides an understanding of the social construction of women’s gendered identity in women’s personal stories in particular women’s magazines. This study is based on 84 issues of four magazines covering the period November 2010 – November 2011. Two of the magazines are from the UK and two are from Thailand: Woman; Woman and Home (the UK and Thai editions); and Poo Ying. These magazines were selected because they aim at a similar readership, women in their 30s and over. My analysis shows that the readers’ narratives in these four magazines centre predominantly on the following four topics, presented in terms of how prevalent they were: 1) confidence-building, 2) employment, 3) romantic relationships and marriage, and 4) family. These topics form the core of my analysis chapters. Altogether they reveal that women are constructed somewhat differently in the Thai and UK magazines in question. In the UK magazines, women were constructed as imperfect but improvable. Readers’ narratives had the function to suggest to actual readers of these narratives how they themselves might deal with similar issues. By contrast, women in the Thai magazines were normally constructed as ‘ideal’ in terms of already having achieved success. The readers were thus meant to admire the women whose stories were narrated since the women’s stories were presented as examples of an already achieved ‘ideal’ life. But there was no indication how this ideal was achieved. It thus represented a state rather than a process. The magazines provided testimony to the difference between Thai and British public culture in terms of what could and could not be talked about.
A charge pump based receiver circuit for voltage scaled interconnect

This paper presents a charge-pump based low swing interconnect receiver circuit. The interconnect circuit is single ended and supports swings of 300mV or lower. A charge pump front end at the receiver boosts the arriving signal before restoring it to the full logic level, improving the performance of the interconnect. For a 10mm long interconnect wire in a 45nm CMOS process, the proposed scheme provides 3X energy reduction at constant speed and 3.5X delay improvement at constant energy relative to prior art. We deploy the interconnect scheme as the data bus between the L1-L2 caches of a 4-core Alpha processor. Over a set of Splash benchmarks, the proposed architecture reduces total energy consumption by 70% while maintaining the same performance.
Computational Thinking, the Notional Machine, Pre-service Teachers, and Research Opportunities

There is general consensus regarding the urgent and pressing need to develop school students' computational thinking abilities, and to help school teachers develop computational thinking pedagogies. One possible reason that teachers (and students) may struggle with computational thinking processes is because they have poorly developed mental models of how computers work, i.e., they have inadequate “notional machines”. Based on a pilot survey of 44 pre-service teachers this paper explores (mis)conceptions of computational thinking, and proposes a research agenda for investigating the use of notional machine activities as a way of developing preservice teacher computational thinking pedagogical capabilities.
On the Cognitive Efficacy of Euler Diagrams in Syllogistic Reasoning: A Relational Perspective

Although logic diagrams are widely used as methods for introducing students to elementary logical reasoning, it is still open to debate in cognitive psychology whether diagrams can aid untrained people to successfully conduct deductive reasoning. In our previous work, some empirical evidence was pro- vided for the effectiveness of a certain type of logic diagrams in the process of solving categorical syllogisms. However, the question of why certain diagrams but not others have such inferential efficacy in performing syllogism reasoning has not been fully answered. Based on a proof-theoretical analysis of categori- cal syllogisms and diagrammatic reasoning, we supplement our previous study of cognitive efficacy of diagrams and argue that the relational information under- lying quantified sentences plays a crucial role in understanding the efficacy of diagrams in syllogistic reasoning. The distinctive features of our conception of diagrammatic reasoning are made clear by comparing it with the model-theoretic conception of ordinary reasoning developed in the mental model theory.
Super-resolution imaging with small organic fluorophores.

Ensemble fluorescence studies . The switching characteristics of ATTO655 were analyzed at the ensemble level by using µM concentrated dye solutions containing 100 mM ß-mercaptoethylamine (MEA), dithiothreitol (DTT), or glutathione (GSH). The pH-value was adjusted with KOH. Standard glass cuvettes (Hellma) were irradiated at 658 nm (laser cube; Linos, Nano 250) with varying intensities. The fluorescence signal was recorded with a fiber optic spectrometer (Ocean Optics, USB2000). Absorption spectra were recorded with a standard absorption spectrometer (Perkin Elmer). plated in LabTek After 12–24 h, the cells were fixed using 3.7% paraformaldehyde in permeabilized in PBS v/v Triton X-100 (Sigma) for min. In to stain the microtubule network indirect immunochemistry i.e. with mouse monoclonal anti-ß-tubulin antibodies (Sigma) and dye labeled secondary antibodies, respectively, for 60 min. After each staining step three washing steps performed using PBS containing 0.1% v/v Tween (Sigma). Fluor and Fab (Alexa 532 fragment fragment
To avoid or not to avoid CSI leakage in physical layer secret communication systems

Physical layer secrecy has attracted much attention in recent years due to its ability to ensure communication secrecy with the use of channel coding and signal processing techniques (and without the explicit use of secret keys) in the physical layer. It serves as a promising technique for highly dynamic or ad hoc systems such as device-to-device and machine-type communication systems. However, the achievable secrecy performance depends highly on the level of CSI at the transmitter, the receiver, and the eavesdropper. In this article, we discuss how different levels of CSI resulting from conventional and unconventional ways of performing training and channel feedback may affect the confidentiality in terms of the information-theoretic (perfect) secrecy rate. The conventional approach refers to the emission of pilot signals from the transmitter and explicit channel feedback from the receiver. This approach is backward compatible with existing systems and allows the receiver to obtain accurate knowledge of the CSI, but may suffer from CSI leakage toward the eavesdropper. Unconventional approaches capitalize on reverse training to prevent CSI leakage and are shown to achieve significant improvements over conventional schemes in certain cases. For example, in a system with four transmit antennas and a single antenna at both the receiver and the eavesdropper, a secrecy rate gain of approximately 0.8 b/channel use at transmit SNR of 16 dB is observed over the full CSI case by providing CSI only to the transmitter (but not the receiver and the eavesdropper).
Enrichment of hepatic progenitor cells from adult mouse liver

Hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) have been characterized in several drug‐treated rodent models and in the fetal liver; however, their properties have not been fully clarified in the normal adult liver, presumably because of their relatively small population and the existence of mature hepatocytes. In an attempt to resolve this issue, we developed a new enrichment system for HPCs using their cell aggregate formation properties. Nonparenchymal cells (NPCs) derived from enzymatically digested liver cells in normal adult mouse liver were treated in a hypoxic 2‐hour suspension culture under constant shaking. This procedure resulted in cell aggregate formation and almost complete elimination of mature hepatocytes. Cell aggregates were formed only in Ca2+‐containing medium, suggesting cadherin‐dependent cell‐cell adhesion. In these cell aggregates, 95% consisted of vascular endothelial cells that expressed VE‐cadherin. The remaining 5% consisted of rapidly proliferating, small epithelial cells that expressed α‐fetoprotein (AFP), E‐cadherin, and albumin but not cytokeratin 19 (CK19), α‐smooth muscle actin, or VE‐cadherin. These results are consistent with an immature hepatic cell phenotype. When these immature hepatic cells were cultured with 10−7 mol/L dexamethasone and 1% dimethyl sulfoxide, the de novo expression of mature hepatocyte markers such as tryptophan‐2,3‐dioxygenase (TO) was induced concomitantly with the induction of morphologic characteristics such as mitochondria‐ and peroxisome‐rich cytoplasm and bile canaliculi formation. In conclusion, our methodology allows the enrichment of immature hepatic cells from the normal adult mouse. These cells are capable of growth and maturation along the hepatocyte lineage, indicating that these cells are HPCs.
Organizational Career Mobility: Promotion Chances in a Corporation During Periods of Growth and Contraction

This study analyzes the age distribution of upward mobility in a large corporation, examining changes in the age-promotion relationship for different levels in the organizational hierarchly, for different kinds of employess, and across time periods of increasing and creasing organizational growth. Analyzing the corporation's complete personnel records over three times periods, this paper test a precipitous-decline hypothesis derived from the organizational careers literature, an exponential-decline hypothesis derived from the Markov literature on career mobility, and an increase-decrease hipothesis derived from the economic literature on life-cycle earnings patterns. Analysis finds partial support for each hypothesis for different groups of employees. It also finds remarkable stability in these patterns across periods, particularly for the most and least favored groups; the changes which do occur tend to "spillover" to specific stadby age-education groups. The age-promotion curves and the spillover patterns are explained in terms of a new efficiency-motivation model of organizational mobility. Finally, analysis indicates that these age effects seem to persist after controlling for years of service. The implications of these findings for organizational selection systems and for career and life-cycle phenomena are considered.