Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tissue specific expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in mice following liposome--mediated gene transfer into blastocysts.

Summary A genomic fragment encoding the surface antigen of the Hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) was flanked by long terminal repeats (LTR) of the Moloney mouse sarcome virus and entrapped within REV-liposomes. The DNA-containing liposomes were injected into the blastocoele of preimplantation mouse embryos which were transfered to recipients immediately after micromanipulation. From 80 injected blastocysts 24 animals were born, 5 of which were transgenic. Both the antigen and antibodies were found in the blood serum of these animals. HBsAg-specific RNA was detected in immunopoietic organs only. Zusammenfassung Gewebespezifische Expression des Hepatitis B Oberflachen-Antigens in Mausen nach Gentransfer in Blastozysten mittels Liposomen Das genomische Fragment des Oberflachen-Antigens des Hepatitis B Virus wurde mit long terminal repeats (LTR) des Moloney Maus Sarkoma Virus versehen und in Liposomen eingehullt. Die DNA-enthaltenden Liposomen wurden in das Blastocoel von Mauseembryonen injiziert. Anschliesend wurden die Blastozysten in Empfangertiere transferiert. Von 80 injizierten Embryonen wurden 24 Tiere geboren, von denen 5 transgenisch waren. Sowohl HBs Antigene als auch Antikorper konnten im Serum nachgewiesen werden. HBsAg-spezifische RNA wurde nur in immunopoietischen Organen exprimiert. Resume Expression specifique tissulaire de l'antigene de surface de l'hepatite B chez des souris apres un transfert de gene dans des blastocytes au moyen de liposomes Le fragment de genome de l'antigene de surface du virus de l'hepatite B a ete juxtapose par de «long terminal repeats» (LTR) du virus du sarcome de Moloney de la souris et enveloppe dans des liposomes. Les liposomes contenant l'ADN ont ete injectes dans la blastocele des embryons de souris. Les blastocytes furent finalement transferes chez des animaux receptifs. 24 animaux sur 80 embryons injectes sont nes, dont 5 etaient transgeniques. Aussi bien des antigenes HBs que des anticorps ont pu etre mis en evidence dans le serum. HBsAg-specifique ARN fut exprime seulement dans des organes immunopoietiques. Resumen La expresion histica especifica del antigeno superficial hepatitis B en ratones tras traslado genico en blastoquistes mediante liposomas El fragmento genomico del antigeno superficial del virus hepatitis B fue provisto con repeticiones terminales largas (RTL) del virus sarcoma murino Moloney y fue envuelto dentro de liposomas REV. Los liposomas que contenian ADN fueron inyectados en el blastocele de embriones murinos preimplantados. Los blastoquistes se transfirieron a animales recipientes inmediatamente despues de efectuada la micromanipulacion. De 80 blastoquistes inyectados nacieron 24 animales, 5 de los cuales eran transgenicos. En el suero sanguineo se hallaron tanto antigenos como anticuerpos HB. ARN especifico de AgHB fue detectado solo en los organos inmunopoyeticos.
The value of non-anonymity on the NASDAQ

This paper examines why dealers select to quote non-anonymously when it is optional for them to do so. On a sample of 2004 and across the 500 most liquid stocks on the NASDAQ, I find that nonanonymous quotes are more likely to be at the inside of the market when information is greater and when the quoted spread is high. In contrast to the general view, results suggest that non-anonymous activity is associated by greater price impacts, despite the fact that anonymity is provided to dealers through a direct access from the book. Dealers appear to select the non-anonymity based on many factors including liquidity and the level of information asymmetry in the stocks. Results also suggest that non-anonymity is valuable to dealers on the NASDAQ by influencing market quality variables. I discuss the implications for market design and relate the findings to the current changes in today’s market settings.
Aging, encoding specificity, and memory change in the Double Memory Test

Abstract Aged and young adults were tested by category cued recall after learning with category cues (CCR) or with item cues (ICR). CCR was about twice ICR for both aged and young adults. The aged recalled less than the young and did not benefit as much from greater encoding specificity and deeper processing in CCR. ICR and CCR were correlated, so that expected CCR can be predicted from ICR. The regression of CCR on ICR was linear for young adults, but was piecewise linear for the aged, showing that the relationship between ICR and CCR was not uniform for the aged adults. Lower than expected CCR by a subset of aged without clinical dementia may be a sign of preclinical dementia. (JINS, 1995, I, 483–493.)
What do Fed Funds Futures tell us about Monetary Policy Uncertainty

The uncertainty around future changes to the Federal Reserve target rate varies over time. In our results, the main driver of uncertainty is a “path” factor signaling information about future policy actions, which is filtered from federal funds futures data. The uncertainty is highest when it signals a loosening cycle. The uncertainty raises the risk premium in a loosening cycle, reducing the transmission of target changes to longer maturities. Our results trace the information content of federal funds futures to hedging demand.
Antenna Sidelobes Level Control in Transmit Subaperturing MIMO Radar

This paper addresses the problem to design a transmit-subaperture multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar showing beam clusters with controlled sidelobe level both for the Tx–Rx pattern experienced from target and clutter and for the Rx-only pattern experienced by external interferences. A design strategy is proposed that provides a MIMO scheme with the desired characteristics, together with a low computational cost and a sensibly narrower main beam than the corresponding single-input-multiple-output scheme. An analysis of the accuracy achievable by the proposed scheme is presented by means of Cramér–Rao lower bound and Monte Carlo simulations. Moreover, an example application is shown using nonideal waveforms to show the practical effectiveness of this TS-MIMO scheme.
A Novel Evaluation Method for Morphological Segmentation

Unsupervised learning of morphological segmentation of words in a language, based only on a large corpus of words, is a challenging task. Evaluation of the learned segmentations is a challenge in itself, due to the inherent ambiguity of the segmentation task. There is no way to posit unique “correct” segmentation for a set of data in an objective way. Two models may arrive at different ways of segmenting the data, which may nonetheless both be valid. Several evaluation methods have been proposed to date, but they do not insist on consistency of the evaluated model. We introduce a new evaluation methodology, which enforces correctness of segmentation boundaries while also assuring consistency of segmentation decisions across the corpus.
Altering the Cellular Location of an Antigen Expressed by a DNA-Based Vaccine Modulates the Immune Response

ABSTRACT The potential for DNA vaccines encoding mutated versions of the same antigen to modulate immune responses in C3H/HeN mice was investigated. We created expression plasmids that encoded several versions of glycoprotein D (gD) from bovine herpesvirus 1, including authentic membrane-anchored glycoprotein (pSLRSV.AgD), a secreted glycoprotein (pSLRSV.SgD), and an intracellular protein (pSLRSV.CgD). Immunization of an inbred strain of mice with these plasmids resulted in highly efficacious and long-lasting humoral and cell-mediated immunity. We also demonstrated that the cell compartment in which plasmid-encoded gD was expressed caused a deviation in the serum immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype profile as well as the predominant cytokines secreted from the draining lymph node. Immunization of C3H/HeN mice with DNA vaccines encoding cell-associated forms of gD resulted in a predominance of serum IgG2a and gamma interferon-secreting cells within the spleens and draining lymph nodes. In contrast, mice immunized with a secreted form of this same antigen displayed immune responses characterized by greater levels of interleukin 4 in the draining lymph node and IgG1 as the predominant serum isotype. We also showed evidence of compartmentalization of distinct immune responses within different lymphoid organs.
Leukoaraiosis in stroke patients. The Copenhagen Stroke Study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study was undertaken to determine factors of importance for the development of leukoaraiosis and to evaluate whether leukoaraiosis influences stroke outcome. METHODS The study was prospective and consecutive and included 1084 unselected patients with acute stroke and transient ischemic attack admitted from the community of Bispebjerg (Copenhagen, Denmark) during a 25-month period from September 1, 1991, to September 30, 1993. All patients were treated in a stroke unit from the time of acute admission to completion of rehabilitation. Daily alcohol consumption and other putative risk factors were registered on admission, and patients were evaluated weekly to death or time of completed rehabilitation by means of neurological (Scandinavian Stroke Scale) and functional (Barthel Index) scores. Leukoaraiosis was diagnosed on computed tomographic scan. Multivariate analyses were applied to test relations independent of other influencing factors. RESULTS Leukoaraiosis was present in 15% of the patients. Age was the only factor that significantly increased the risk of leukoaraiosis (odds ratio [OR] per 10-year increase, 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8 to 3.1), whereas the presence of atrial fibrillation was adversely related to leukoaraiosis (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.52). Moderate daily alcohol consumption (1 to 5 drinks) reduced the risk of leukoaraiosis (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.87), whereas heavy daily alcohol consumption (> 5 drinks) tended to increase the risk (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.5 to 3.3). Leukoaraiosis was not related to the presence of hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, intermittent claudication, smoking, or sex. The presence of leukoaraiosis had no influence on neurological outcome (P = .20), functional outcome (P = .47), length of hospital stay (P = .75), or mortality (P = .31). CONCLUSIONS Moderate daily alcohol intake seems associated with a decreased risk of leukoaraiosis in stroke patients. The relation between alcohol intake and leukoaraiosis may even be U-shaped, like the relation between alcohol intake and coronary heart disease, alcohol intake and mortality, and alcohol intake and stroke. The presence of leukoaraiosis does not seem to influence the rehabilitation process or outcome of stroke.
University Technology Incubator: Technology Transfer of Early Stage Technologies in Cross-Border Collaboration with Industry

Academia has established various technology transfer channels to support the technology transformation process. However, since universities are not expected to directly approach the market, either the established industry partners have to become involved, or new enterprises have to be developed. The established industry should be prepared for an efficient, early-stage technology transfer with development alliances right across boundaries. This paper looks at the preparation and implementation of the UTI at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ) and aims to explore the specific strategic positioning and capabilities of a university technology incubator with focus on industry alliances. In a case study, the authors investigate technology screening, spin-off formation, and the alliance development phase as a collaborative innovation approach. The existing literature is reviewed and a university technology incubator method, as a “Broker of Technology”, is presented.
Customer Retention Through Prioritization: Integrating Time-Dependent Context of Relationship Dynamics

ABSTRACT Most marketing researchers and practitioners emphasize sustaining strong customer relationships for improving profitability. Profitably managing customer relationships is, therefore, an important foundational cornerstone of marketing. In contrast, the role of effectively prioritizing customers for increasing profitability has been challenged in marketing literature. While there are divergent views on the principle of customer prioritization, the role of differential use of marketing instruments in managing relationship marketing investments to effectively retain customers is yet to be substantiated. The current study proposes a conceptual framework explicating the key role of customer prioritization in accounting for the effectiveness of relationship investments and interaction frequency. The effect of customer prioritization on customer retention is contingent upon the length of the relationship. We test the proposed framework with a multimethod approach to help ascertain the value of customer prioritization in enabling firms to effectively use relationship investments for customer retention. The findings also establish the moderating role of the relationship phase on customer retention over the length of the relationship.
Mutation , RET / PTC 1 and PAX 8-PPAR Gamma Rearrangements in Follicular Epithelium Derived Thyroid Lesions-Institutional Experience and Literature Review

occurring endocrine malignancy worldwide. In Turkey, thyroid cancers are ranked 2nd on the incidence list in women, with a rate of 16.2%, but they are not included among the top 10 cancer types in men. Aims: To identify the contribution of the BRAFV600E mutation, and the RET/PTC1 and PAX8-PPARγ rearrangements in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of follicular epithelial-derived thyroid lesions. Study Design: Retrospective clinical and molecular genetic study. Methods: A total of 86 thyroid cases diagnosed between 2001 and 2012 at the Department of Pathology were included in the retrospective study group. Samples best representing the lesion and comprising capsules were chosen in the selection of paraffin blocks pertaining to the cases. The BRAFV600E mutation, and the RET/PTC1 and PAX8-PPARγ rearrangements were investigated in all cases. Results: The BRAFV600E mutation was observed in 12 out of 37 papillary carcinoma cases (32.4%), in 1 out of 15 follicular carcinoma cases (6.6%), and in 1 out of 7 undifferentiated carcinoma cases (14.3%). No mutation was detected in benign lesions. The RET/PTC1 rearrangement was detected in 2 out of 7 undifferentiated carcinoma cases (28.6%), and in 1 out of 15 follicular carcinoma cases (6.6%). No gene rearrangement was detected in benign lesions. The PAX8-PPARγ rearrangement was detected in 5 out of 15 follicular thyroid carcinoma cases (33.3%) and in 1 out of 15 follicular adenoma cases (6.6%). Conclusion: The BRAFV600E mutation and RET/PTC1 rearrangement were effective in distinguishing the follicular epithelium-derived benign and malignant lesions of the thyroid in the resection materials. The BRAFV600E mutation was rather specific to papillary carcinoma in the thyroid, and in cases where the BRAFV600E mutation was detected, multi-centricity, lymph node metastasis and capsular invasion findings were observed more frequently compared to cases in which no mutation was observed. The PAX8-PPARγ rearrangement was observed to be more effective in the differentiation of adenomas and carcinomas in follicular neoplasms of the thyroid, whereas the RET/PTC1 analysis contributed to the differential diagnosis of papillary carcinoma histogenesis at a frequency of 29% in undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas.
First Workshop on Incentives and Trust in E-Commerce (WIT-EC'12)

In variants of the Electronic Mail Game [11] where two or more players communicate via multiple channels, the multiple channels can facilitate collective action via redundancy, the sending of the same message along multiple paths or else repeatedly along the same path [2],[5]. This paper offers another explanation for how multiple channels may permit collective action: parties may be able to coordinate their actions when messages’ arrivals at their destinations are sufficiently correlated events. Correlation serves to fill in information gaps that arise when players are uncertain of the source of message failure, effectively strengthening messages from one player. This asymmetry in message strength in turn permits cutoff equilibria, where players take action after receiving a minimum number of confirmations.
Medical Application of GAN Synthesis of Gadolinium-enhanced MRI for Multiple Sclerosis patients using Generative Adversarial Network

Multile Sclerosis is detected by MRI using contrast agent Gadolinium (GAD). But this chemical agent has side effects on patients and many people are allergic to it. As a broader goal of this project, we aim to use Generative Adversarial Network to generate multiple possible gadolinium enhancements for the same patient. This will associate a measure of uncertainty to GAD activity. Actual GAD MRI would then only be used on patients with high level of uncertainty. As a first step towards this goal, in this project we have tried to generate 64 x 64 MRI images from low-resolution MRI images of same size.
International Conference on Sustainable Energy Information Technology ( SEIT-2014 ) Determining electric vehicle charging point locations considering drivers ’ daily activities

In this paper the daily temporal and spatial behavior of electric vehicles (EVs) is modelled using an activity-based (ActBM) microsimulation model for Flanders region (Belgium). Assuming that all EVs are completely charged at the beginning of the day, this mobility model is used to determine the percentage of Flemish vehicles that cannot cover their programmed daily trips and need to be recharged during the day. Assuming a variable electricity price, an optimization algorithm determines when and where EVs can be recharged at minimum cost for their owners. This optimization takes into account the individual mobility constraint for each vehicle, as they can only be charged when the car is stopped and the owner is performing an activity. From this information, the aggregated electric demand for Flanders is obtained, identifying the most overloaded areas at the critical hours. Finally it is also analyzed what activities EV owners are underway during their recharging period. From this analysis, different actions for public charging point deployment in different areas and for different activities are proposed. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Elhadi M. Shakshuki.
Adenosine A2A receptors are involved in physical dependence and place conditioning induced by THC

A2A adenosine and CB1 cannabinoid receptors are highly expressed in the central nervous system, where they modulate numerous physiological processes including adaptive responses to drugs of abuse. Both purinergic and cannabinoid systems interact with dopamine neurotransmission (through A2A and CB1 receptors, respectively). Changes in dopamine neurotransmission play an important role in addictive‐related behaviours. In this study, we investigated the contribution of A2A adenosine receptors in several behavioural responses of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) related to its addictive properties, including tolerance, physical dependence and motivational effects. For this purpose, we first investigated acute THC responses in mice lacking A2A adenosine receptors. Antinociception, hypolocomotion and hypothermia induced by acute THC administration remained unaffected in mutant mice. Chronic THC treatment developed similar tolerance to these acute effects in wild‐type and A2A‐knockout mice. However, differences in the body weight pattern were found between genotypes during such chronic treatment. Interestingly, the somatic manifestations of SR141716A‐precipitated THC withdrawal were significantly attenuated in mutant mice. The motivational responses of THC were also evaluated by using the place‐conditioning paradigm. A significant reduction of THC‐induced rewarding and aversive effects was found in mice lacking A2A adenosine receptors in comparison with wild‐type littermates. Binding studies revealed that these behavioural changes were not associated with any modification in the distribution and/or functional activity of CB1 receptors in knockout mice. Therefore, this study shows, for the first time, a specific involvement of A2A receptors in the addictive‐related properties of cannabinoids.
Public vs. Private: Characteristics of the Companies Backed by Listed Private Equity

Listed Private Equity (LPE) is growing as an alternative investment tool for those investors who would want exposure to private equity in their investment portfolios by purchasing public shares of LPEs that are invested in a group of private companies. We analyze the characteristics of the LPEs and the type of companies that LPEs tend to invest in. We show that the companies that LPE firms are investing in have different characteristics than the companies that receive funding from unlisted private equity firms. LPE firms tend to invest in these companies for a longer duration but there is no significant effect on the likelihood of taking these to public.
Alternative moment conditions and an efficient GMM estimator for dynamic panel data models

This paper proposes a set of moment conditions for the estimation of lineardynamic panel data models. In the spirit of Chamberlain's (1982, 1984)approach, these conditions arise from parameterizing the relationship betweencovariates and unobserved time invariant e ffects. A GMM framework is used toderive an optimal estimator, with no efficiency loss compared to classic alternativeslike Arellano and Bond (1991) and Ahn and Schmidt (1995, 1997). Still,Monte Carlo results suggest that the new procedure peforms better than thesealternatives when covariates are non-stationary. The framework also leads to avery simple test for unobserved eff ects.
Prevalence of HPV in cytomorphologically normal cervical smears, as determined by the polymerase chain reaction, is age‐dependent

The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in relation to age was investigated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in cytologically normal smears from 4 different groups of women. Group A consisted of young women from a district population, aged 15–34 years, using oral contraceptives and visiting general practitioners for a check‐up (n = 156); group B were asymptomatic women, aged 35–55, in a district population participating in a triennial screening program for cervical cancer (n = 1555); group C and D consisted of women, seen at the gynecological outpatient department for a wide spectrum of gynecological complaints or for control of their hormonal contraception, aged 15–34 years (n = 2320), and aged 35–55 years (n = 1826) respectively. An HPV (all types) prevalence of 14.1%, 4.1%, 13.9% and 6.6% and an HPV 16/18 prevalence of 3.8%, 0.9%, 3.3% and 1.5% were found in groups A, B, C and D respectively. Statistically significant differences (p value <0.001) in HPV prevalence were found between women aged 15–34 years and women aged 35–55 years in the district population and in the hospital population. No statistically significant differences in HPV 16/18 were observed after age‐matching between women in corresponding age‐classes of both populations. In a 5‐year interval analysis a strong age‐dependent relationship was demonstrated, with a maximum between 20 and 24 years. After the age of 35 a constant level of 1–2% HPV 16/18 was observed. These results indicate that genital HPV infections are age‐dependent and suggest that HPV infections at young age can be transient. The implications of these findings in the context of cervical cancer screening are discussed.