Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian analysis of sensible heat flux estimation: Quantifying uncertainty in meteorological forcing to improve model prediction

The influence of uncertainty in land surface temperature, air temperature, and wind speed on the estimation of sensible heat flux is analyzed using a Bayesian inference technique applied to the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) model. The Bayesian approach allows for an explicit quantification of the uncertainties in input variables: a source of error generally ignored in surface heat flux estimation. An application using field measurements from the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 is presented. The spatial variability of selected input meteorological variables in a multitower site is used to formulate the prior estimates for the sampling uncertainties, and the likelihood function is formulated assuming Gaussian errors in the SEBS model. Land surface temperature, air temperature, and wind speed were estimated by sampling their posterior distribution using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Results verify that Bayesian‐inferred air temperature and wind speed were generally consistent with those observed at the towers, suggesting that local observations of these variables were spatially representative. Uncertainties in the land surface temperature appear to have the strongest effect on the estimated sensible heat flux, with Bayesian‐inferred values differing by up to ±5°C from the observed data. These differences suggest that the footprint of the in situ measured land surface temperature is not representative of the larger‐scale variability. As such, these measurements should be used with caution in the calculation of surface heat fluxes and highlight the importance of capturing the spatial variability in the land surface temperature: particularly, for remote sensing retrieval algorithms that use this variable for flux estimation.
Schedulability of generalized multiframe task sets under static priority assignment

The multiframe task model has been proposed to effectively model a task whose execution times are periodically changed according to a specified pattern. Schedulability of task sets consisting of multiframe tasks or generalized multiframe tasks (GMF tasks) is now being investigated under various conditions. This paper discusses the necessary and sufficient condition of the schedulability of GMF task sets under a priority-based preemptive scheduling with static priority assignment. The critical instant theorem for GMF task sets is described and the necessary and sufficient condition of their schedulability is presented based on the theorem. We also introduce the maximum interference junction (MIF) and propose a polynomial-time feasibility decision algorithm using the MIF.
Influence of Acylation Sites of Influenza B Virus Hemagglutinin on Fusion Pore Formation and Dilation

ABSTRACT The cytoplasmic tail (CT) of hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza B virus (BHA) contains at positions 578 and 581 two highly conserved cysteine residues (Cys578 and Cys581) that are modified with palmitic acid (PA) through a thioester linkage. To investigate the role of PA in the fusion activity of BHA, site-specific mutagenesis was performed with influenza B virus B/Kanagawa/73 HA cDNA. All of the HA mutants were expressed on Cos cells by an expression vector. The membrane fusion ability of the HA mutants at a low pH was quantitatively examined with lipid (octadecyl rhodamine B chloride) and aqueous (calcein) dye transfer assays and with the syncytium formation assay. Two deacylation mutants lacking a CT or carrying serine residues substituting for Cys578 and Cys581 promoted full fusion. However, one of the single-acylation-site mutants, C6, in which Cys581 is replaced with serine, promoted hemifusion but not pore formation. In contrast, four other single-acylation-site mutants that have a sole cysteine residue in the CT at position 575, 577, 579, or 581 promoted full fusion. The impaired pore-forming ability of C6 was improved by amino acid substitution between residues 578 and 582 or by deletion of the carboxy-terminal leucine at position 582. Syncytium-forming ability, however, was not adequately restored by these mutations. These facts indicated that the acylation was not significant in membrane fusion by BHA but that pore formation and pore dilation were appreciably affected by the particular amino acid sequence of the CT and the existence of a single acylation site in CT residue 578.
Electroencephalogram analysis with extreme learning machine as a supporting tool for classifying acute ischemic stroke severity

Stroke is one of the highest causes of death in adults and disability in Indonesia, even in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose stroke in the early stage and give accurate prognosis assessment to improve stroke management. This study tried to automatically classify AIS severity based on EEG signals by using digital signal processing such as Wavelet transform and feedforward type of neural network with ELM algorithm. In this study, Delta Alpha Ratio (DAR), (Delta+Theta)/(Alpha+Beta) Ratio (DTABR) and Brain Symmetry Index (BSI)'s value were used as the ELM input feature score, which were obtained by using Wavelet transformation (Daubechies 4) and Welch's method to classify the acute ischemic stroke severity which refers to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). It had shown that the performance of system test accuracy, the sensitivity and specificity were above 72%. These results were useful for classifying AIS based on EEG signals.
The Prevalence of Resilience in Migrant Families

This study explores, identifies, and clarifies the role that familial capabilities, characteristics, and resources (resilience factors) play in cushioning the effect of migration on the family unit. A total of 68 White middle and upper socioeconomic South African families completed the questionnaires, which included an open-ended question. The results identified (i) traits and abilities of individual family members, (ii) the family system's internal resources and support, (iii) familial integration and stability, (iv) the family unit's utilization of its internal strengths and durability to manage problems outside of its boundaries, (v) social support, and (vi) a passive appraisal coping style in the midst of the crisis as important resilience-enhancing resources. The results could be used to develop effective intervention programmes that may prevent adaptation problems, promote family resilience, and affirm the reparative potential of families.
Laparoscopically-assisted intraoperative lymphatic mapping in endometrial cancer: preliminary results.

OBJECTIVE To analyse the results of a pilot study and determine the contribution of laparoscopically-assisted lymphatic mapping in patients with endometrial cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS In eight cases of early endometrial cancer, patent blue-V was injected laparoscopically into the uterine wall during a surgical staging procedure. RESULTS A deposition of the blue dye was found in at least one pelvic lymph node in five of eight cases. Blue-colored nodes were observed in a total of 11 lymph nodes. Locations of these nodes included obturator, internal and common iliac sites. Only one blue colored node was positive for disease. An average of 15 lymph nodes were removed in the study group (range, 12-22). Uterine lymphatic vessels with bilateral drainage to the broad and infundibulopelvic ligaments were seen in all cases within 30-60 seconds. CONCLUSION Our initial experience with laparoscopically-assisted lymphatic mapping confirmed that the use of a minimally invasive technique is feasible. Lymphatic channels in the pelvic areas were seen in every patient. A deposition of blue dye in laparoscopically identifiable lymph nodes was seen only in 62.5% of patients. However, we believe that the lymphatic mapping of the uterine corpus can improve the accuracy of surgical staging in patients with endometrial cancer.
The role of the Sámi in fur trading during the late Iron Age and Nordic medieval period in the light of the Sámi sacrificial sites in Lapland, Northern Sweden

Sami sacrificial sites that have been investigated in Lapland, northern Sweden, all show an increase in deposited metal objects, for example arrowheads, coins and pendants, in late Iron Age and early Medieval times (ca. 700 ‐ 1400 A.D.). The origins of these artefacts suggest there was an active gift exchange taking place between the Sami hunters and Finno‐Ugrian settlers to the east, in the context of the fur trade. The presence of wealth objects in sacrificial sites is interpreted as a form of “potlatch”, i.e. the result of decisions by local groups (sijdda) to preserve social stability by removing from the society the possibility for an accumulation of wealth and prestige. This interpretation is consistent with the archaeological evidence of settlement patterns, seasonal mobility and a lack of social hierarchy in the interior of northern Sweden. Rituals at sacrificial sites thus helped to maintain a Sami hunting society that was based on religious principles of animal ceremonialism, social principles o.
Identification of the catalytic subunit of brain adenylate cyclase: a calmodulin binding protein of 135 kDa.

The partial purification of the eukaryote adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6. 1.1] catalytic subunit has been achieved by a procedure based on the calmodulin (CaM) sensitivity of the enzyme. Small amounts of rat brain synaptosomal membranes depleted of CaM were solubilized with Lubrol and subjected to a three-step chromatographic procedure involving gel filtration, a CaM-Sepharose affinity step, and fast protein liquid chromatography. About 20% of the adenylate cyclase activity contained in the membranes was recovered in the final enriched fraction with a specific activity of 200 nmol X mg-1 X min-1. The alpha subunits of the adenylate cyclase stimulatory proteins NS were absent from this final fraction. The addition of CaM, of forskolin, or of preactivated NS-containing fractions to this preparation greatly increased the enzyme activity. A CaM-binding polypeptide of 135,000 Da copurified with the adenylate cyclase activity in each of the three steps. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the final fraction showed that this polypeptide represented 35% of the total protein. We propose that this polypeptide is likely to be the adenylate cyclase catalytic subunit. This enzyme would represent close to 0.5% of the synaptosomal membrane proteins. Its low turnover number would be due to the absence of the alpha subunits of the NS regulatory proteins and would correspond to the enzymic basal level.
Dual faced SERS nanoparticles equipped with tri-functions for target drug delivering into single cell

We reports an approach to fabricate dual-faced polystyrene beads (DFPSBs) with tri-functions of tumor cell recognition, drug delivery, and real-time Raman sensing. Onestep oxygen-plasma treatment process was used to etch commercially available fluorescent polystyrene beads into a corrugated upper hemisphere and simultaneously change the entire surface with carboxylic groups. After depositing gold onto the corrugated hemisphere for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) while leaving the other smooth and clean hemisphere for fluorescence detection, the DFPSBs are formed with dual-surfaces of plasmonic gold semishells on the top and fluorescent carboxylated polystyrene at the bottom. Sulfo-NHS-SS-biotin disulfide linkers and anti-CD44 antibodies can be modified and added onto the top gold surfaces and the bottom carboxyl groups through Au-S and peptide bonds, respectively. Then, the surface-modified DFPSB suspension can be employed to target overexpressive glycoproteins (CD44) on the surfaces of cancer cells and release their loads via the cleavage of disulfide bonds in the cytoplasm environment. These anti-CD44-modified DFPSBs exhibit a 12-fold cancer targeting ability on HeLa cells when compared to a normal chondrocyte cell.
DCE‐MRI analysis methods for predicting the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Pilot study findings

The purpose of this pilot study is to determine (1) if early changes in both semiquantitative and quantitative DCE‐MRI parameters, observed after the first cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients, show significant difference between responders and nonresponders and (2) if these parameters can be used as a prognostic indicator of the eventual response.
Multi-loop control of Z-source inverter for single-phase power conditioning systems

This paper presents a Z-source inverter as a power conditioning system, which has bucking and boosting feature, for a single-phase stand-alone ac system. The bucking as well as boosting feature is possible because of additional shoot through state introduced in zero state of the conventional inverter pulse width modulation. A small DG system requires power conditioning units with low cost, high efficiency and tolerance to wide range of input voltage variations and has to perform dc-ac conversion, output power quality and system control. In order to realize some of these goals, a two-loop control strategy is developed in this paper. Here the PID control loop regulates Z-source capacitor voltage, while the inductor current feedback loop performs sinusoidal current injection into grid. On account of PID control for Z-source capacitor voltage and inductor current feedback with voltage feed-forward for ac current control, the inverter system ensures good dynamic response and rejection of source and load disturbances effectively. Mathematical analysis is developed for the proposed concept and validated through simulation results.
Delay and dispersion effects in dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI: Simulations using singular value decomposition

Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI is now increasingly used for measuring perfusion in many different applications. The quantification of DSC data requires the measurement of the arterial input function (AIF) and the deconvolution of the tissue concentration time curve. One of the most accepted deconvolution methods is the use of singular value decomposition (SVD). Simulations were performed to evaluate the effects on DSC quantification of the presence of delay and dispersion in the estimated AIF. Both delay and dispersion were found to introduce significant underestimation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and overestimation of mean transit time (MTT). While the error introduced by the delay can be corrected by using the information of the arrival time of the bolus, the correction for the dispersion is less straightforward and requires a model for the vasculature. Magn Reson Med 44:466–473, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cupid's Arrow: The Course of Love through Time

Preface Part I. The Composition of Cupid's Arrow: What Is Love? : 1. A three-component view of love 2. Seven kinds of love 3. Many different triangles of love 4. Measuring the triangle of love Part II. Aiming Cupid's Arrow: Love over Many Lifetimes: 5. The prehistory of love 6. The history of love revealed through culture Robert J. Sternberg and Anne E. Beall 7. The history of love revealed through literature Robert J. Sternberg and Susan Hayden Part III. Firing Cupid's Arrow: Love in our Lifetime: Beginnings: 8. The role of childhood and adolescence 9. The role of adulthood Part IV. Cupid's Arrow in in Flight: Love in our Lifetime: Middles: 10. The role of reward 11. The course of relationships Part V. When Cupid's Arrow Falls: Love in our Lifetime: Endings: 12. Decay of relationships 13. Dissolution of and new beginnings for relationships Notes Index.
Road-safety education: spatial decentering and subjective or objective picture processing

The current study examined children's ability to analyse pictures of a risky situation, both in relation to the characteristics of the pictures and in relation to the centering/decentering process of cognitive development. Sixty children aged 6, 9 or 11 years were given an objective or subjective version of a story about a risky situation involving road crossing and were asked to reconstruct it by putting six pictures in chronological order. The type of picture series, objective or subjective, had a different effect on the children's understanding and performance, according to the age. The older children were better at ordering the pictures, but on the subjective version only. The picture-version effect on planning time decreased with age; only the younger children took more time to start touching the pictures. On one hand, it is concluded that for the youngest children, objective representations are essential to analysing pictures showing a risk, whereas the oldest children will profit more from a subjective view. On the other hand, subjective representations, which give a more realistic view, provide an excellent tool for testing children's abilities. Subjective representations can be used to detect potentially risky behaviour in virtual situations (static pictures, or multimedia tools), since it permits one to predict at-risk behaviour in the street and to assess the effectiveness of remedial measures.
Face Templates Creation for Surveillance Face Recognition System

This paper addresses the problem of face templates creation for facial recognition system. The application of a face recognition system in real-world conditions requires compact and representative face templates in order to maintain low error rate and low classification time. The paper presents four approaches to face templates creation. The influence of different face template creation approaches was assessed on PubFig and IFaViD database. The achieved results show that appropriate face template creation methods have a significant influence on face recognition system performance.
Detection of Atypical H-Type Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Discrimination of Bovine Prion Strains by Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion

ABSTRACT Prion diseases of cattle include the classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (C-BSE) and the atypical H-type BSE (H-BSE) and L-type BSE (L-BSE) strains. Although the C- and L-BSE strains can be detected and discriminated by ultrasensitive real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assays, no such test has yet been described for the detection of H-BSE or the discrimination of each of the major bovine prion strains. Here, we demonstrate an RT-QuIC assay for H-BSE that can detect as little as 10−9 dilutions of brain tissue and neat cerebrospinal fluid samples from clinically affected cattle. Moreover, comparisons of the reactivities with different recombinant prion protein substrates and/or immunoblot band profiles of proteinase K-treated RT-QuIC reaction products indicated that H-, L-, and C-BSE have distinctive prion seeding activities and can be discriminated by RT-QuIC on this basis.
Differences in stem respiration responses to temperature between balsam fir trees in thinned and unthinned stands.

The change in stem respiration rates with change of temperature was significantly lower in a recently thinned balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. ) stand than in an unthinned stand. A comparison of respiration measurements made in the morning with those made in the afternoon indicated that there was more variation among afternoon readings and greater responses to changes in temperature among morning readings. Lower respiration rates in the afternoon were more common in the thinned stand than in the unthinned stand.
A MULTIPLICITY THEOREM FOR A PERTURBED SECOND-ORDER NON-AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM

Abstract In this paper we establish a multiplicity result for a second-order non-autonomous system. Using a variational principle of Ricceri we prove that if the set of global minima of a certain function has at least $k$ connected components, then our problem has at least $k$ periodic solutions. Moreover, the existence of one more solution is investigated through a mountain-pass-like argument.
A Novel Regulator of p21-activated Kinases*

Proteins of the p21-activated kinase (Pak) family have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression, cytoskeletal architecture, and apoptosis. Although the ability of Cdc42 and Rac GTPases to activate Pak is well established, relatively little else is known about Pak regulation or the identity of Pak cellular targets. Here we report the identification of two closely related Pak3-binding proteins, possibly arising from alternative splicing, designated p50 and p85Cool-1 (cloned outof library). Both isoforms of Cool contain a Src homology 3 domain that directly mediates interaction with Pak3 and tandem Dbl homology and pleckstrin homology domains. Despite the presence of the Dbl homology-pleckstrin homology motif, a characteristic of Rho family activators, activation of Cdc42 or Rac by Cool is not detectable. Instead binding of p50Cool-1, but not p85Cool-1, to Pak3 represses its activation by upstream activators such as the Dbl oncoprotein, indicating a novel mechanism of regulation of Pak signaling.
Marker gene tethering by nucleoporins affects gene expression in plants

In non-plant systems, chromatin association with the nuclear periphery affects gene expression, where interactions with nuclear envelope proteins can repress and interactions with nucleoporins can enhance transcription. In plants, both hetero- and euchromatin can localize at the nuclear periphery, but the effect of proximity to the nuclear periphery on gene expression remains largely unknown. This study explores the putative function of Seh1 and Nup50a nucleoporins on gene expression by using the Lac Operator / Lac Repressor (LacI-LacO) system adapted to Arabidopsis thaliana. We used LacO fused to the luciferase reporter gene (LacO:Luc) to investigate whether binding of the LacO:Luc transgene to nucleoporin:LacI protein fusions alters luciferase expression. Two separate nucleoporin-LacI-YFP fusions were introduced into single insert, homozygous LacO:Luc Arabidopsis plants. Homozygous plants carrying LacO:Luc and a single insert of either Seh1-LacI-YFP or Nup50a-LacI-YFP were tested for luciferase activity and compared to plants containing LacO:Luc only. Seh1-LacI-YFP increased, while Nup50a-LacI-YFP decreased luciferase activity. Seh1-LacI-YFP accumulated at the nuclear periphery as expected, while Nup50a-LacI-YFP was nucleoplasmic and was not selected for further study. Protein and RNA levels of luciferase were quantified by western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively. Increased luciferase activity in LacO:Luc+Seh1-LacI-YFP plants was correlated with increased luciferase protein and RNA levels. This change of luciferase expression was abolished by disruption of LacI-LacO binding by treating with IPTG in young seedlings, rosette leaves and inflorescences. This study suggests that association with the nuclear periphery is involved in the regulation of gene expression in plants.
Novel System for Complete Removal of Secretions within the Endotracheal Tube: The Mucus Shaver

THE method normally used to clean endotracheal tubes (ETTs) in intubated patients is via a small, flexible, plastic suction catheter. The small-bore tube is inserted into the ETT and manipulated to remove mucus lodged within the ETT and this process is repeated as frequently as indicated. This may not remove all secretions. With residual secretions retained on the surface, the ETT provides a fertile ground for bacterial proliferation and biofilm formation. Bacteria-laden biofilm promotes bacterial colonization of the lower respiratory tract and development of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Moreover, any mucus accumulated within the ETT decreases its internal diameter, increasing resistance to airflow and work of breathing. To overcome this problem, we devised the Mucus Shaver (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland). ‡ In one sweep, the Mucus Shaver removes all mucus from the lumen of the ETT, restoring the appearance of the lumen to that of a new, unused ETT.