Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cold season emissions dominate the Arctic tundra methane budget

Significance Arctic ecosystems are major global sources of methane. We report that emissions during the cold season (September to May) contribute ≥50% of annual sources of methane from Alaskan tundra, based on fluxes obtained from eddy covariance sites and from regional fluxes calculated from aircraft data. The largest emissions were observed at the driest site (<5% inundation). Emissions of methane in the cold season are linked to the extended “zero curtain” period, where soil temperatures are poised near 0 °C, indicating that total emissions are very sensitive to soil climate and related factors, such as snow depth. The dominance of late season emissions, sensitivity to soil conditions, and importance of dry tundra are not currently simulated in most global climate models. Arctic terrestrial ecosystems are major global sources of methane (CH4); hence, it is important to understand the seasonal and climatic controls on CH4 emissions from these systems. Here, we report year-round CH4 emissions from Alaskan Arctic tundra eddy flux sites and regional fluxes derived from aircraft data. We find that emissions during the cold season (September to May) account for ≥50% of the annual CH4 flux, with the highest emissions from noninundated upland tundra. A major fraction of cold season emissions occur during the “zero curtain” period, when subsurface soil temperatures are poised near 0 °C. The zero curtain may persist longer than the growing season, and CH4 emissions are enhanced when the duration is extended by a deep thawed layer as can occur with thick snow cover. Regional scale fluxes of CH4 derived from aircraft data demonstrate the large spatial extent of late season CH4 emissions. Scaled to the circumpolar Arctic, cold season fluxes from tundra total 12 ± 5 (95% confidence interval) Tg CH4 y−1, ∼25% of global emissions from extratropical wetlands, or ∼6% of total global wetland methane emissions. The dominance of late-season emissions, sensitivity to soil environmental conditions, and importance of dry tundra are not currently simulated in most global climate models. Because Arctic warming disproportionally impacts the cold season, our results suggest that higher cold-season CH4 emissions will result from observed and predicted increases in snow thickness, active layer depth, and soil temperature, representing important positive feedbacks on climate warming.
Secure Interrupt Handler Trace Subsystem Remote Debug Client Normal OS Application Application Secure Interrupt Debug Subsystem Normal Domain Secure Domain Application Ninja Exception Return Secure Serial Port ATF Target Executing Platform Remote Debugging Platform

Existing malware analysis platforms leave detectable fingerprints like uncommon string properties in QEMU, signatures in Android Java virtual machine, and artifacts in Linux kernel profiles. Since these fingerprints provide the malware a chance to split its behavior depending on whether the analysis system is present or not, existing analysis systems are not sufficient to analyze the sophisticated malware. In this paper, we propose NINJA, a transparent malware analysis framework on ARM platform with low artifacts. NINJA leverages a hardware-assisted isolated execution environment TrustZone to transparently trace and debug a target application with the help of Performance Monitor Unit and Embedded Trace Macrocell. These hardware features help NINJA to achieve transparency while avoiding heavy performance overhead. NINJA does not modify system software and is OS-agnostic on ARM platform. We implement a prototype of NINJA (i.e., tracing and debugging subsystems), and the experiment results show that NINJA is efficient and transparent for malware analysis. An improved fast system restoration mechanism is also designed to facilitate the continuous malware analysis.
Effects of balanced selection for intramuscular fat and abdominal fat percentage and estimates of genetic parameters

&NA; Intramuscular fat (IMF) content contributes to meat flavor and improves meat quality. Excessive abdominal fat, however, leads to a waste of feed resources. Here, an independent up‐selection for IMF was used as a control (Line C), and a balanced selection program, with up‐selection for IMF and down‐selection AFP (Line B), was studied in JingXing yellow chickens. The mean of IMF and AFP within a family was the phenotypic value upon which selection was based. The selective pressures of IMF in line B and line C were the same in each generation. At G5, the IMF was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that at G0 in both lines. For AFP, Line C was significantly higher at G5 (P < 0.05) than at G0, but the difference in Line B was not significant (P > 0.05). IMF increased by 11.4% and AFP decreased by 1.5% in Line B compared with the G0 generation. In contrast, the IMF increased by 17.6%, but was accompanied by an 18.7% increase in AFP, in control Line C. Of 10 other traits measured, body weight at 56 d age (BW56) and the percentages of eviscerated weight (EWP) showed a significant difference between the 2 lines (P < 0.05). The heritabilities for IMF and AFP, estimated by the DMU package, were 0.16 and 0.32, respectively. A moderate positive correlation existed between IMF and AFP (0.35). A balanced selection program for increasing IMF while controlling AFP (Line B) is shown here to be effective in practical chicken breeding.
FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OR THE SCREENING OF ANARBOVIRUS INFECTION

Method for the diagnosis or the screening of an arbovirus infection and preferably a flaviviridae infection and more preferably a flavivirus infection, reagents useful in said method and their applications. Said method comprises: (i) contacting a sample from the Subject or animal with a solid Support sensitized with an Ig binding protein which is directed against a specific class of Ig molecules of the Subject or animal species under consideration and (ii) incubating the immunocomplex formed in (i) with a detector molecule con sisting of a hybrid protein comprising at least an arboviral ED3 domain and an alkaline phosphatase (PhoA), the detec tion of said immunocomplex being the sign of the presence of an arbovirus in said sample.
Synthesis of Stable Nano Calcite

Synthesis of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles in the presence of a population of carbon dioxide (CO2) bubbles was investigated in the calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) solution, which is a natural stabilizer for CaCO3. Possible chemical speciation reactions were presented for an inorganic synthesis of hollow nanoCaCO3 particles. In the progress of CaCO3 synthesis, some of the particles started to dissolve at their edges and turned into hollow nano-CaCO3 particles. Some of the pores closed at the end of crystallization as a result of dissolution-recrystallization mechanism. Hollow nano-CaCO3 particles with sizes of about 300 nm were synthesized with a narrow size distribution. It was concluded that the hollow nano-CaCO3 particles could be advantageous due to lower weights and higher surface areas.
Crowdfunding and Non-Profit Charities: Crafting Legitimate Profiles

CROWDFUNDING AND NON-PROFIT CHARTIES: CRAFTING LEGITIMATE PROFILES Ashley Krysik, B.A. Marquette University, 2018 Crowdfunding has revolutionized non-profit charity fundraising strategies. The development of web-based, crowdfunding platforms has increased direct communication and transparency between non-profit charities and potential donors. The non-profit fundraising marketplace is highly competitive; therefore, organizations must demonstrate their legitimacy in order to raise and maximize fundraising dollars. In order to determine how organizations build legitimacy on crowdfunding platforms, a rhetorical analysis was conducted on 18 donor request profiles from Globalgiving.com, the largest web-based crowdfunding platform for non-profit charities. Non-profit charities soliciting donors through crowdfunding platforms focus their rhetorical strategy on building three legitimacy claims: cause, organization and platform.
The combined effects of Trigonella and Allium extracts in the regulation of hyperthyroidism in rats.

The combined effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativum extracts were evaluated for their ameliorative potential in the L-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidic rat model to contribute to an understanding of interaction between the two extracts. The investigation was carried out using two different doses. A comparison was made with the response of individual plant extracts at the previously studied effective dose in adult Wistar rats rendered hyperthyroidic by daily injections of L-thyroxine (300 microg/kg body wt., s.c.). Propylthiouracil (PTU), an antithyroid drug, was used as a reference compound. Alterations in serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), glucose, hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and oxygen consumption were studied as end parameters. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were examined to reveal any toxic effects of the drugs. The combined effects of Trigonella and Allium at 200 and 500 mg/kg body wt. respectively, were equipotent as compared to the individual extracts in lowering the serum concentrations of T3 and T4 in hyperthyroidic rats. Our findings reveal that some plant extracts in combination may not always prove to be synergistic. It is therefore suggested that Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativum extracts may be used individually and not together in the regulation of hyperthyroidism.
CNN Activity : Tumbling Complete Tumbling ? Yes

Detecting actions in untrimmed videos is an important yet challenging task. In this paper, we present the structured segment network (SSN), a novel framework which models the temporal structure of each action instance via a structured temporal pyramid. On top of the pyramid, we further introduce a decomposed discriminative model comprising two classifiers, respectively for classifying actions and determining completeness. This allows the framework to effectively distinguish positive proposals from background or incomplete ones, thus leading to both accurate recognition and localization. These components are integrated into a unified network that can be efficiently trained in an end-to-end fashion. Additionally, a simple yet effective temporal action proposal scheme, dubbed temporal actionness grouping (TAG) is devised to generate high quality action proposals. On two challenging benchmarks, THUMOS14 and ActivityNet, our method remarkably outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods, demonstrating superior accuracy and strong adaptivity in handling actions with various temporal structures. 1
A comparison between 4 and 6 implants in the maxillary posterior region to support an overdenture; 1-year results from a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE To compare the treatment outcome of 4 vs. 6 bar-connected implants in the posterior region of the maxilla to support an overdenture during a 1-year follow-up period. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-six edentulous patients with an insufficient amount of bone volume in the maxilla to place implants were asked to participate in this study. Randomization assigned patients to either 4 or 6 implants. In all patients, a maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure with bone from the iliac crest was performed, and after a 3-month healing period, 4 or 6 dental implants were inserted in the maxillary posterior region in a one-stage procedure. After 3 months of osseointegration, a bar-supported overdenture was constructed. Implant survival, overdenture survival, clinical scores, peri-implant bone height changes and patients' satisfaction were assessed. Study analysis was performed according a non-inferiority design. RESULTS All patients completed the one-year follow-up. After a functional period of 1-year, implant survival was 100% in the 4 implants group and 99.5% in the 6 implants group. Overdenture survival was 100% in both groups. Mean clinical scores were very low and did not significantly differ between groups. Mean marginal bone resorption was 0.35 ± 0.31 mm and 0.46 ± 0.34 mm in the 4 and 6 implants group, respectively. Patients' satisfaction improved significantly in both groups, but did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION A bar-supported overdenture on 4 implants in the posterior maxillary region is not inferior to an overdenture supported by 6 bar-connected dental implants.
Evolution Features of the F 2 OODBMS FALQUET , Gilles

Features specially devoted to schema evolution in the F2 object-oriented database system are presented in this paper. They include a meta-circular and reflective model where primitive operations (create, update, delete) on schema objects form a complete taxonomy of schema changes. All the schema objects of a database are updatable and the consequences of these changes on objects are handled either by the trigger mechanism or by the automatic enforcement of the model invariants. The non-traditional physical storage of objects is particularly well suited to efficiently support schema changes. FALQUET, Gilles, et al. Evolution Features of the F2 OODBMS. In: Ling, T. -W. & Masunaga, Y. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications DASFAA'95. Singapore : World Scientific Press, 1995. p. 284-291
Comparison of biochemical characteristics of Lactobacilli isolates from food and bovine rumen sources under low pH and bile salt stress conditions

Comparison of Biochemical Characteristics of Lactobacilli Isolates from Food and Bovine Rumen Sources under Low pH and Bile Salt Stress Conditions Neethu M. Jose, Craig R. Bunt, Malik A. Hussain* The Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand The Department of Agriculture Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand Malik.Hussain@lincoln.ac. nz
Tera-scale computation of Wave-Plasma Interactions in Multidimensional Fusion Plasmas

There is great potential for electromagnetic wave techniques to provide control of fusion plasmas by means of localized heating, current drive, flow drive and energetic particle production. With support from the Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computation (SciDAC) program, we have established a multiinstitutional partnership between plasma physicists and computational scientists, the overarching goal being to obtain quantitatively accurate predictive understanding of electromagnetic wave processes important for heating, current drive, stability and transport applications in fusion-relevant plasmas. Activities during the first year of the project have focused on massive parallelization and acceleration of computer-intensive full-wave rf field solver codes, extension of all-orders methods to twoand three-dimensional plasmas, increasing the physics detail contained in the rf conductivity operator, benchmarking and code comparison, and application to wave propagation problems in Alcator C-Mod, NSTX and LHD. 1. Advances in Solution of the Full-Wave Equation Full-wave models are needed, particularly in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies, because ray tracing does not optimally treat realistic antenna spectra, plasma cutoffs, or mode conversion layers, nor does it include large-scale coherent effects such as diffraction, interference, and wave focussing. Full-wave models such as PICES [1] and TORIC [2], use a superposition of Fourier modes in the poloidal direction to represent the wave field, thus reducing the parallel gradient operator to an algebraic quantity. These codes can accurately calculate electron and ion damping, but still rely on FLR expansions to express the plasma current as a differential operator. Recently, we have made great progress in improving the numerical performance of the fullwave spectral ICRF solver TORIC [1]. Implementation of a serial out-of-core algorithm for matrix inversion and adaptation of the code to a massively parallel platform (MPP) have made it possible to accurately study ion Bernstein wave (IBW) mode conversion scenarios in tokamaks where k⊥ ρi< 1. Improved numerical resolution is achieved in the poloidal mode number and manifests itself as a reduction in spurious absorption of the mode-converted wave at the (He) cyclotron resonance layer in a D (He) discharge. A dramatic example of this reduction in cyclotron absorption is shown in Fig. 1. Parameters typical of D (He) mode conversion in Alcator C-Mod were used [B0=7.9 T, 24% -( He), 5%-H, 47%-D, ne(0) = 2.4 × 10 m]. The spurious damping at 0.4 ≤ r/a ≤ 1.0 accounts for about 60% of the total power absorbed for Nm=63, whereas for Nm=511, this damping is almost completely eliminated. With improved resolution, the mode-converted wave power is then absorbed via electron
Concentration of poliovirus from tap water using positively charged microporous filters

Microporous filters that are more electropositive than the negatively charged filters currently used for virus concentrations from water by filter adsorption-elution methods were evaluated for poliovirus recovery from tap water. Zeta Plus filters composed of diatomaceous earth-cellulose-"charge-modified" resin mixtures and having a net positive charge of up to pH 5 to 6 efficiently adsorbed poliovirus from tap water at ambient pH levels 7.0 to 7.5 without added multivalent cation salts. The adsorbed virus were eluted with glycine-NaOH, pH 9.5 to 11.5. Electropositive asbestos-cellulose filters efficiently adsorbed poliovirus from tap water without added multivalent cation salts between pH 3.5 and 9.0, and the absorbed viruses could be eluted with 3% beef extract, pH 9, but not with pH 9.5 to 11.5 glycine-NaOH. Under water quality conditions in which poliovirus recoveries from large volumes of water were less than 5% with conventional negatively charged filters and standard methods, recoveries with Zeta Plus filters averaged 64 and 22.5% for one- and two-stage concentration procedures, respectively. Electropositive filters appear to offer distinct advantages over conventional negatively charged filters for concentrating enteric viruses from water, and their behavior tends to confirm the importance of electrostatic forces in virus recovery from water by microporous filter adsorption-elution methods.
PRODUCTION OF HIV-1 RETROVIRUS USING MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND FV SPECIFIC FOR CO2 ANTIGEN

(51) Int. Cl. " . C07K 16/28; CO7K 16/46; AO1N 1/02 (52) U.S. Cl. 530/390.1; 435/2; 530/387.1; 530/387.3; 530/388.1; 530/388.2; 530/388.22; 530/388.7; 530/388.73; 530/388.75 (58) Field of Search . 530/387.3,387.1, 530/388.2, 388.73; 388/22; 435/240.27, 172.2, 70.21, 454, 471; 424/85.8, 133.1, 135.1, 144.1, 130.1, 141.1, 112.1, 173.1
Renate Ortlieb,

Politicians and scholars alike praise the significant benefits associated with employee share ownership (ESO). However, little is known about the concrete motives of firms to provide ESO to their employees. In particular, it is unknown how these motives correlate with firms’ contexts. Drawing on an institutional theoretical framework, this article examines what aims firms pursue through the provision of ESO. The data originate from a survey of firms in Germany. The cluster analytic findings indicate distinctive patterns of relationships between aims and firm characteristics. Aims related to employee performance are most important to foreign-owned firms, financial aims are most important to non-public small and medium-sized firms and aims related to corporate image are most important to big firms and to firms that do not provide profit sharing. Aims related to employee attraction and retention are almost equally important to all kinds of firms.
Comparison of Post-Merger performance of Acquiring Firms (India) involved in Domestic and Cross-border acquisitions

Mergers and acquisitions are used for improving competitiveness of companies and gaining competitive advantage over other firms through gaining greater market share, broadening the portfolio to reduce business risk, entering new markets and geographies, and capitalising on economies of scale etc. India has emerged as one of the top countries with respect to merger and acquisition deals. Indian companies have been actively involved in mergers and acquisitions in India domestically as well as internationally. The value share of deals where India has been a target or an acquirer has risen sharply over the past decade, from $2.2 billion in 1998 to $62 billion in 2007. As India increases its participation in M&A deals, it is instructive to compare the domestic and cross-border acquisitions due to their distinctiveness. The distinction between them is a function of the change in market integration which changes the costs and benefit structure and also the difference in synergies – social, cultural and organisational. This research study was aimed to study the impact of mergers on the operating performance of acquiring firms by examining some pre- merger and post-merger financial ratios of these firms and to see the differences in the pre merger and post merger ratios of the firms that go for domestic acquisitions and the firms that go for the international/cross-border acquisitions. The results suggest that there are variations in terms of impact on performance following mergers, depending on the type of firm acquired – domestic or cross-border. In particular, mergers have had a positive effect on key financial ratios of firms acquiring domestic firms while a slightly negative impact on the firms acquiring cross-border firms.
Evaluating eHealth Scenarios for Adaptive Security in eHealth

We present a scenario and storyline that are part of a framework to evaluate adaptive security in the Internet of Things, also denoted as the IoT. The successful deployment of the IoT depends on ensuring security and privacy, which need to adapt to the processing capabilities and resource use of the IoT. We develop a scenario for the assessment and validation of context-aware adaptive security solutions for the IoT in eHealth. We first present the properties to be fulfilled by a scenario to assess the adaptive security solutions for eHealth. We then develop a home scenario for patients with chronic diseases using biomedical sensors. This scenario is then used to create a storyline for a chronic patient living at home. [tbd. : update] Keywords—Internet of Things; assessment scenarios; eHealth systems; adaptive security.
ADOPTED CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL HEALTH CARE NEEDS : CHARACTERISTICS , HEALTH , AND HEALTH CARE BY ADOPTION TYPE

This research brief presents information on adopted children with special health care needs, using data from the 2005-2006 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN). The analysis takes advantage of questions in the NS-CSHCN that allow adopted children in the sample to be grouped and compared by adoption type, that is, foster care adoptions, international adoptions, and domestic adoptions through sources other than the public child welfare system (for convenience discussed below as “private domestic adoptions”). Findings provide a descriptive profile of adopted children with special health care needs (CSHCN); explore ways in which adopted CSHCN are similar to and different from other CSHCN; and describe their health status, health conditions and health care access and utilization across adoption types. The analysis excludes adoptive families in which a biological parent also resides in the household, which are primarily stepparent adoptions. The data presented are nationally representative of adopted CSHCN. Because only CSHCN are included in the sample, however, results may not be generalized to adopted children overall.