Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Activity of a Nanoparticulate Formulation of the GlycineB Site Antagonist MRZ 2/576 in Transient Focal Ischaemia in Rats

Summary The objective of the present study was to characterise the neuroprotective activity of the novel glycineB site NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist MRZ 2/576 (8-chloro-4-hydroxy-1-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridazino[4,5-b]quinolin-5-oxide choline salt, CAS 202807-80-5) in a rodent model of focal cerebral ischaemia. Since the solubility of MRZ 2/576 at a physiological pH, is minimal and adequate concentrations can be achieved only at relatively high basic pH the in vivo use of the substance is substantially limited. Therefore, a special nanoparticle formulation was developed to provide means for lengthy i.v. administration of experimentally relevant doses within the physiological range of pH. Focal ischaemia of 75 min duration was induced in rats by a reversible occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo). MRZ 2/576 (18 mg/kg over 10 min followed by 18 mg/kg/h over 6 h) or placebo treatment was initiated immediately after onset of MCAo. Neurological deficit was evaluated daily for 3 consecutive days and then brain infarct analysis was performed. MRZ 2/576 significantly improved the neurological score at 24 h and 72 h post stroke (p < 0.05 vs. placebo). It also produced a 53.0 % reduction of total infarct size, 60.4 % of cortical and 42.3 % of striatal infarction (p < 0.05 vs. placebo). Temporary drug-induced hypothermia and ataxia were observed during infusions. This leads to the conclusion that prolonged administration of the glycineB site antagonist MRZ 2/576 in form of the nanoparticle suspension ameliorates ischaemic damage induced by the transient MCAo in rats. The results suggest that nanoparticles hold promise as an effective strategy e.g. for substances with physico-chemical characteristics that otherwise would preclude them from preclinical development and/or clinical application.
Mobile Robot Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance Techniques: A Review

Mobile robot is an autonomous agent capable of navigating intelligently anywhere using sensor-actuator control techniques. The applications of the autonomous mobile robot in many fields such as industry, space, defence and transportation, and other social sectors are growing day by day. The mobile robot performs many tasks such as rescue operation, patrolling, disaster relief, planetary exploration
Automatic Application of Last-Touch Instructions for Leakage Energy Reduction

Recently, energy dissipation in microprocessors is getting larger, which leads to a serious problem in terms of allowable temperature and performance improvement for future microprocessors. Cache memory is effective in bridging a growing speed gap between a processor and relatively slow external main memory, and has increased in its size. However, energy dissipation in the cache memory will approach or exceed 50% of the increasing total energy dissipation in processors. An important point to note is that, in the near future, static (leakage) energy will dominate the total energy consumption in deep sub-micron processes. This paper describes a code-generation technique that utilizes special instructions for energy reduction. The instructions perform self-invalidation in cache memories, which leads to efficient energy reduction. We developed a source-to-source-code compiler that implements the automatic code-generation. The simulation results of the generated codes show that our techniques can reduce a substantial amount of leakage energy without large performance degradation.
Run, skeleton, run: skeletal model in a physics-based simulation

In this paper, we present our approach to solve a physics-based reinforcement learning challenge "Learning to Run" with objective to train physiologically-based human model to navigate a complex obstacle course as quickly as possible. The environment is computationally expensive, has a high-dimensional continuous action space and is stochastic. We benchmark state of the art policy-gradient methods and test several improvements, such as layer normalization, parameter noise, action and state reflecting, to stabilize training and improve its sample-efficiency. We found that the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient method is the most efficient method for this environment and the improvements we have introduced help to stabilize training. Learned models are able to generalize to new physical scenarios, e.g. different obstacle courses.
Genetic Analysis of Human Norovirus Strains in Japan in 2016–2017

In the 2016/2017 winter season in Japan, HuNoV GII.P16-GII.2 strains (2016 strains) emerged and caused large outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. To better understand the outbreaks, we examined the molecular evolution of the VP1 gene and RdRp region in 2016 strains from patients by studying their time-scale evolutionary phylogeny, positive/negative selection, conformational epitopes, and phylodynamics. The time-scale phylogeny suggested that the common ancestors of the 2016 strains VP1 gene and RdRp region diverged in 2006 and 1999, respectively, and that the 2016 strain was the progeny of a pre-2016 GII.2. The evolutionary rates of the VP1 gene and RdRp region were around 10-3 substitutions/site/year. Amino acid substitutions (position 341) in an epitope in the P2 domain of 2016 strains were not found in pre-2016 GII.2 strains. Bayesian skyline plot analyses showed that the effective population size of the VP1 gene in GII.2 strains was almost constant for those 50 years, although the number of patients with NoV GII.2 increased in 2016. The 2016 strain may be involved in future outbreaks in Japan and elsewhere.
Enhanced photoresponsivity in graphene-silicon slow-light photonic crystal waveguides

We demonstrate the enhanced fast photoresponsivity in graphene hybrid structures by combining the ultrafast dynamics of graphene with improved light-matter interactions in slow-light photonic crystal waveguides. With a 200 μm interaction length, a 0.8 mA/W photoresponsivity is achieved in a graphene-silicon Schottky-like photodetector, with an operating bandwidth in excess of 5 GHz and wavelength range at least from 1480 nm to 1580 nm. Fourfold enhancement of the photocurrent is observed in the slow light region, compared to the wavelength far from the photonic crystal bandedge, for a chip-scale broadband fast photodetector.
Searchable attribute-based encryption scheme with attribute revocation in cloud storage

Attribute based encryption (ABE) is a good way to achieve flexible and secure access control to data, and attribute revocation is the extension of the attribute-based encryption, and the keyword search is an indispensable part for cloud storage. The combination of both has an important application in the cloud storage. In this paper, we construct a searchable attribute-based encryption scheme with attribute revocation in cloud storage, the keyword search in our scheme is attribute based with access control, when the search succeeds, the cloud server returns the corresponding cipher text to user and the user can decrypt the cipher text definitely. Besides, our scheme supports multiple keywords search, which makes the scheme more practical. Under the assumption of decisional bilinear Diffie-Hellman exponent (q-BDHE) and decisional Diffie-Hellman (DDH) in the selective security model, we prove that our scheme is secure.
Active oxygen species mediate asbestos fiber uptake by tracheal epithelial cells

To examine the mechanism whereby asbestos fibers penetrate tracheal epithelial cells, we exposed rat tracheal expiants to amosite asbestos alone, or with varying concentrations of substances that scavenge active oxygen species (catalase and superoxide dismutase) or prevent formation of active oxygen species (deferoxamine). All three agents decreased asbestos fiber uptake in a dose‐response fashion, but no agent provided complete protection against fiber penetration. We conclude that uptake of amosite asbestos fibers is mediated in part by active oxygen species (most likely OH·), but that other mechanisms of fiber uptake must also exist. —Hobson, J.; Wright, J. L. ; Churg, A. Active oxygen species mediate asbestos fiber uptake by tracheal epithelial cells. FASEB J. 4: 3135‐3139; 1990.
Event-Related Potentials in the Clinical High-Risk (CHR) State for Psychosis: A Systematic Review

There is emerging evidence that identification and treatment of individuals in the prodromal or clinical high-risk (CHR) state for psychosis can reduce the probability that they will develop a psychotic disorder. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) are a noninvasive neurophysiological technique that holds promise for improving our understanding of neurocognitive processes underlying the CHR state. We aimed to systematically review the current literature on cognitive ERP studies of the CHR population, in order to summarize and synthesize the results, and their implications for our understanding of the CHR state. Across studies, amplitudes of the auditory P300 and duration mismatch negativity (MMN) ERPs appear reliably reduced in CHR individuals, suggesting that underlying impairments in detecting changes in auditory stimuli are a sensitive early marker of the psychotic disease process. There are more limited data indicating that an earlier-latency auditory ERP response, the N100, is also reduced in amplitude, and in the degree to which it is modulated by stimulus characteristics, in the CHR population. There is also evidence that a number of auditory ERP measures (including P300, MMN and N100 amplitudes, and N100 gating in response to repeated stimuli) can further refine our ability to detect which CHR individuals are most at risk for developing psychosis. Thus, further research is warranted to optimize the predictive power of algorithms incorporating these measures, which could help efforts to target psychosis prevention interventions toward those most in need.
Galeazzi fractures.

A series of 27 Galeazzi fractures treated by open reduction and rigid internal fixation have been reviewed. The average followup was 32 months. Twenty-five patients obtained a satisfactory result. One patient developed a pseudarthrosis after a fracture through a screw hole, an unsatisfactory result. A second patient sustained a severe open fracture with considerable soft-tissue damage and this result also rated as unsatisfactory. There were no infections. The authors believe that open reduction and rigid internal fixation of the radial fracture is the treatment of choice for this injury.
The Text REtrieval Conference (TREC)

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Design of high-speed and area-efficient Montgomery modular multiplier for RSA algorithm

High-speed and area-efficient Montgomery modular multipliers for RSA algorithm has been developed for digital signature and user authentication in high-speed network and smart card systems. Multiplier-accumulator (MAC) in the developed Montgomery modular multiplier has non-identical multiplicand/multiplier word length. This organization eliminates the bottleneck in memory bandwidth, and enables to use single-port memory for area and power reductions. The developed MAC is faster than the common word length organization due to short critical path. 5,000 digital signature productions/sec is obtained with a three-stage pipelined architecture in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Effects of phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein on production of human chorionic gonadotropin in term trophoblast cells in vitro

Background. Phytoestrogens are a diverse group of non-steroidal compounds that occur naturally in many plants. Because they possess a ring system similar to estrogens they are able to bind to estrogen receptors in humans. In the present study we tested the effects of the phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein on the production of human chorionic gondaotropin (hCG) in isolated trophoblast cells of term placentas in vitro. Methods. Genistein and daidzein were incubated at different concentrations with trophoblast cells. Untreated cells were used as controls. At designated times aliquots were removed and tested for hCG production. Results. Production of the protein hormone hCG was influenced by the phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein in trophoblast cells. We found a significant decrease of hCG production in genistein- and daidzein-treated trophoblast cells that was concentration-dependent. Compared with daidzein, genistein seems to be a more efficient inhibitor of the production of hCG. Conclusion. The phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein can reduce hCG production in human term trophoblasts. Both phytoestrogens belong to the group of isoflavones, which are enriched in soy-containing foods and are widely consumed by humans for putative beneficial health effects. Because both phytoestrogens have inhibitory effects on hCG production during pregnancy, exposure to these estrogen-like compounds during sensitive periods of development may have the capacity to alter the function of the reproductive system and thereby influence fertility.
Neutron Investigation of the Magnetic Scattering in an Iron-based Ferromagnetic Superconductor

Neutron diffraction and small angle scattering experiments have been carried out on the double-isotopic polycrystalline sample $(^{7}\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{i}}_{0.82}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{0.18}\mathrm{OD})\mathrm{FeSe}$. Profile refinements of the diffraction data establish the composition and reveal an essentially single phase material with lattice parameters of $a=3.7827\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\AA{}$ and $c=9.1277\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\AA{}$ at 4 K, in the ferromagnetic-superconductor regime, with a bulk superconducting transition of ${T}_{C}=18\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Small angle neutron scattering measurements in zero applied field reveal the onset of ferromagnetic order below ${T}_{F}\ensuremath{\approx}12.5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}K$, with a wave vector and temperature dependence consistent with an inhomogeneous ferromagnet of spontaneous vortices or domains in a mixed state. No oscillatory long range ordered magnetic state is observed. Field-dependent measurements establish a separate component of magnetic scattering from the vortex lattice, which occurs at the expected wave vector. The temperature dependence of the vortex scattering does not indicate any contribution from the ferromagnetism, consistent with diffraction data that indicate that the ordered ferromagnetic moment is quite small.
Uncertainty degree of interval type-2 fuzzy sets and its application to thermal comfort modelling

Interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2 FSs) can model and cope with the uncertainties existing in the real-world applications. There exist several uncertainty measures for IT2 FSs, such as centroid, fuzziness, cardinality, variance and skewness. But, for most of such measures, there is no closed-form equations to compute them, which limits the application of these uncertainty measures in constructing IT2 FS models from uncertain interval end-points data. To tackle this problem, in this paper, we define a new concept - uncertainty degree to measure the IT2 FSs' ability to model the uncertainties. Closed-form equations of the uncertainty degree for different kinds of IT2 FSs are given. Based on the proposed concept, a new method for constructing IT2 FSs model of the thermal comfort is also presented. This application demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed concept on modelling the uncertainties contained in the uncertain survey data.
Correlation Between the Reduction in Lenticulostriate Arteries Caused by Hypertension and Changes in Brain Metabolism Detected With MRI.

OBJECTIVE Hypertension can alter the vascular structure, mechanics, and function of small arteries and arterioles. It remains unknown whether microvascular changes are associated with brain metabolism. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the reduction in small arteries and changes in brain metabolism in patients with hypertension. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study population comprised 50 patients with hypertension and 50 volunteers without hypertension. The two groups underwent 3-T 3D time-of-flight MR angiography, and the numbers of lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs) were determined for both groups. Single-voxel proton MR spectroscopic data on the basal ganglia regions were also acquired. The ratios of N-acetylaspartate to creatine (NAA/Cr), myo-inositol to creatine (Mi/Cr), and choline to creatine (Cho/Cr) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the differences between the two groups with respect to metabolite ratios. RESULTS The average total number of LSA stems on both sides in patients with hypertension was 5.12 ± 0.98 compared with 6.10 ± 0.95 in volunteers without hypertension (p < 0.0001). The NAA/Cr ratio decreased according to a reduction in the number of LSAs in the hypertension group, which was significantly reduced when the number of LSAs was 3 or fewer. CONCLUSION Hypertension can lead to a statistically significant reduction in NAA/Cr ratio in the basal ganglia regions when the number of LSAs decreases to a certain extent. Reduced numbers of LSAs correlated with brain metabolism changes caused by hypertension, which can provide important insights for understanding the pathophysiologic mechanism of hypertension and may be valuable in evaluating this disease.
Evaluation of accuracy of multiple dental implant impressions using various splinting materials.

PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy of casts obtained from nonsplinted and splinted direct impression techniques employing various splinting materials for multiple dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS A reference model with four Nobel Replace Select implant replicas in the anterior mandible was fabricated with denture base heat-curing acrylic resin. Impressions of the reference model were made using polyether impression material by direct nonsplinted and splinted techniques. Impressions were divided into four groups: group A: nonsplinted technique; group B: acrylic resin-splinted technique; group C: bite registration addition silicone-splinted technique; and group D: bite registration polyether-splinted technique. Four impressions were made for each group and casts were poured in type IV dental stone. Linear differences in interimplant distances in the x-, y-, and z-axes and differences in interimplant angulations in the z-axis were measured on the casts using a coordinate measuring machine. RESULTS The interimplant distance D1y showed significant variations in all four test groups (P = .043), while D3x values varied significantly between the acrylic resin-splinted and silicone-splinted groups. Casts obtained from the polyether-splinted group were the closest to the reference model in the x- and y-axes. In the z-axis, D2z values varied significantly among the three test groups (P = .009). Casts from the acrylic resin-splinted group were the closest to the reference model in the z-axis. Also, one of the three angles measured (angle 2) showed significant differences within three test groups (P = .009). Casts from the nonsplinted group exhibited the smallest angular differences. CONCLUSION Casts obtained from all four impression techniques exhibited differences from the reference model. Casts obtained using the bite registration polyether-splinted technique were the most accurate versus the reference model, followed by those obtained via the acrylic resin-splinted, nonsplinted, and bite registration addition silicone-splinted techniques.
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Complicated with Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Patient with Protein S Deficiency: A Case Report

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) has been reported as an uncommon complication of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Since this is a rare presentation, we report a patient with SIH complicated by CVT and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). A 43-year-old woman presented with a 2-day history of orthostatic headache and neck stiffness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain demonstrated typical findings of SIH with pituitary hyperemia and engorgement of the venous structures, as well as flattening of the pre-pontine space. Lumbar puncture confirmed low opening cerebrospinal pressure (10 mm H2O). Neurological examination on admission was normal, except for left optic nerve atrophy with associated blindness that was due to an old central retinal artery occlusion. However, on day 3 of admission, the patient developed acute left-sided hypesthesia and hemiparesis. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain revealed CVT related ICH. The headache failed to respond to conservative treatment, but resolved within an hour of applying an epidural blood patch to the lower cervical region. Thrombophilia screening was performed and showed protein S dysfunction (＜10 %). Warfarin was initiated as maintenance therapy and the patient did not experience any recurrent CVT event or orthostatic headache during the 1.5-year follow-up period.This report highlights that CVT with ICH is a potential complication of SIH. Any change of neurological status in a patient with SIH should raise the index of suspicion for CVT. A thorough investigation of the underlying cause is warranted and should include a thrombophilia screen.
Measuring the Speed of Light Using a Time-of-flight by Pulsing a HeNe Laser with an Acousto-Optical Modulator

Diego Aliaga, Chris Beard, Jacob Castilow, and M. J. Madsen Department of Physics, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 (Dated: December 7, 2009) This experiment consisted of measuring the speed of light by pulsing a continuous wave laser using a fast optical switch. An acousto-optical modulator (AOM) served as the pulsing switch, which allowed individual pulses to be split by a glass plate to travel two paths of different lengths. The flight time was plotted versus the pathlength difference to give a reading for the speed of light, c using the slope of best fit lines. The best fit line which had a negative y-intercept yielded a value of 2.558±0.014×108 m/s (95% CI), a value off from the accepted value by 62. 86σ, and the fit line with a forced zero intercept yielded 3.0254 ± . 0064 × 108 m/s, off from the accepted value by 8. 43σ. Analysis of both best fit lines, however, shows that the uncertainties were greatly underestimated.