Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Combined Experimental and Computational Investigation on the Synthesis of Acetaldehyde [CH3CHO(X 1A')] in Interstellar Ices

The synthetic routes to form acetaldehyde [CH3CHO(X 1A')] in extraterrestrial ices were investigated experimentally in a contamination-free ultrahigh vacuum scattering machine. Binary ice mixtures of carbon monoxide [CO(X 1Σ+)] and methane [CH4(X 1A1)] were condensed at 10 K onto a silver monocrystal and irradiated with 5 keV electrons to mimic the electronic energy transfer processes initiated by MeV cosmic-ray particle-induced δ-electrons in the "ultratrack" of MeV ion trajectories; the carbon monoxide-methane ices served as model compounds to simulate neighboring CO–CH4 molecules in astrophysical ices, as present in cold molecular clouds and in cometary matter. Upon completion of the high-energy processing, the ice samples sublimed during the heating phase to 293 K, thus releasing the remaining reactants as well as the newly formed molecules into the gas phase. The experiment was monitored on line and in situ via a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer in absorption-reflection-absorption mode (solid state) and a quadrupole mass spectrometer (gas phase). Our investigations were combined with electronic structure calculations. At 10 K, the primary reaction step involved the cleavage of the carbon-hydrogen bond of the methane molecule via an electronic energy transfer process from the impinging electron to the methane molecule to form a methyl radical [CH3(X 2A)] plus a hydrogen atom [H(2S1/2)]. The H atom contains the excess energy in the form of translational motion; suprathermal hydrogen atoms can add to the carbon-oxygen triple bond of the carbon monoxide molecule, overcoming the entrance barrier, to yield the formyl radical [HCO(X 2A')]. Depending on the reactant geometry inside the matrix cage, the formyl radical recombined barrierlessly with the neighboring methyl radical inside the ices at 10 K. Upon warming of the ice sample, the acetaldehyde molecules sublime into the gas phase. This process mimics the sublimation of molecules from the grain mantles into the gas phase upon the transition of the molecular cloud to the hot molecular core phase. This mechanism to form acetaldehyde inside interstellar ices (cold molecular clouds; 10 K) upon high-energy processing, followed by a radical-radical recombination and sublimation in the hot core phase (molecular cores; few 100 K), presents a compelling route to account for high fractional abundances of acetaldehyde of a few times 10-9 toward star-forming regions, as compared to abundances of only some 10-10 in the cold cloud TMC-1, where solely gas-phase reactions are supposed to synthesize acetaldehyde.
Rethinking First Response: Effects of the Clean Up and Recovery Effort on Workers at the World Trade Center Disaster Site

Objective: We sought to describe the physical and mental health effects of the cleanup and recovery effort on workers at the World Trade Center disaster site. Methods: A mailed survey was sent to truck drivers, heavy equipment operators, laborers, and carpenters. It assessed work-related exposures and somatic and mental health symptoms. In one open-ended question, respondents shared any aspect of their experiences they wished; these 332 narrative responses were analyzed using qualitative techniques. Results: Respondents reported suffering debilitating consequences of their work, including depression, drug use, and posttraumatic stress disorder. They felt poorly prepared to work in a disaster, lacked protective equipment and training, and felt overwhelmed by the devastation they faced. Conclusions: These workers’ experiences were qualitatively similar to the experiences of the first responders. To protect workers in the future, the focus on preparing “first” responders should be reconsidered more broadly.
The ROXY1 C-Terminal L**LL Motif Is Essential for the Interaction with TGA Transcription Factors1[C][W]

Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are small, ubiquitous, glutathione-dependent oxidoreductases that participate in redox-regulated processes associated with stress responses. Recently, GRXs have been shown to exert crucial functions during flower developmental processes. GRXs modulate their target protein activities by the reduction of protein disulfide bonds or deglutathionylation reactions. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GRX ROXY1 participates in petal primordia initiation and further petal morphogenesis. ROXY1 belongs to a land plant-specific class of GRXs with a CC-type active site motif, deviating from the ubiquitously occurring CPYC and CGFS GRX classes. ROXY1 was previously shown to interact with floral TGA transcription factors in the nucleus, and this interaction is a prerequisite for ROXY1 to exert its activity required for Arabidopsis petal development. Deletion analysis further identified the importance of the ROXY1 C terminus for the ROXY1/TGA protein interactions and for the ROXY1 function in petal development. Here, by dissecting the ROXY1 C terminus, an α-helical L**LL motif immediately adjacent to the ROXY1 C-terminal eight amino acids was identified that is essential for the interaction with TGA transcription factors and crucial for the ROXY1 function in planta. Similar to the α-helical L**LL motifs binding to transcriptional coactivators with liganded nuclear receptors in animals, a hydrophobic face formed by the conserved leucines in the L**LL motif of ROXY1 possibly mediates the interaction with TGA transcription factors. Thus, the α-helical L**LL sequence is a conserved protein-protein interaction motif in both animals and plants. Furthermore, two separate TGA domains were identified by deletion experiments as being essential for mediating TGA protein interactions with ROXYs.
BUMDes dan Kepemilikan Warga: Membangun Skema Organisasi Partisipatoris

Abstract : BUMDes was established to move and accelerate rural economy. It aims to put together all the rural resources under the management of villagers itself in order to increase rural real income and reach self-sustainability. And yet, BUMDes which originally designed as a spearhead of rural economy mostly become inactive and underdeveloped due to the lack of public participation. BUMDes need to learn from the failures of practices of the previous rural economic institutions. Policy architecture that rests on top-down management has been proven impotent in rising rural economy. Instead, it becomes a new medium of capitalization for some rural elites over its resources. To be able to achieve sustainability and autonomy it will take material requirement in term of participation which supported by ownership. Rural people/villagers are entitled to own their rural resources. Therefore, building BUMDes needs to consider a widened ownership. This purpose can be institutionalized by building BUMDes inclusively. By adapting cooperatives model, villagers or rural people will be able to become member or owner of BUMDes. Keywords : BUMDes, Rural area, Cooperative, Public Participation Abstrak: BUMDes dibangun dengan tujuan untuk menggerakan dan mengakselerasi perekenomian desa. Harapannya segala sumber daya yang dimiliki desa bisa dikelola oleh warga desa sendiri untuk meningkatkan pendapatan asli desa, sehingga desa bisa mandiri. Namun BUMDes yang dirancang sebagai ujung tombak ekonomi desa banyak yang mati sebelum berkembang karena minimnya partisipasi warga. BUMDes perlu belajar dari gagalnya praktik institusi-institusi ekonomi desa sebelumnya. Arsitektur kebijakan yang berpola top-down terbukti tidak mampu meningkatkan ekonomi desa. Justru malah menjadi medan kapitalisasi elite desa atas sumber daya yang dimilki desa. Untuk menuju kemandirian, perlu syarat material berupa partisipasi yang ditopang oleh kepemilikan. Warga desa memiliki hak untuk menjadi pemilik atas sumber daya desanya. Oleh karenanya membangun BUMDes perlu mempertimbangkan kepemilikan yang diperluas. Maka tujuan tersebut bisa dilembagakan dengan langkah membangun BUMDes secara inklusif. Mengadaptasi model koperasi, warga desa bisa menjadi member /pemilik dari BUMDes. Kata Kunci : BUMDes, Desa, Koperasi, Partisipasi Warga
Fro ight forces the pace : optical manipulation for iophotonics

ishan Dholakia niversity of St Andrews cottish Universities Physics Alliance chool of Physics and Astronomy orth Haugh, Fife, KY16 9SS United Kingdom Abstract. The biomedical sciences have benefited immensely from photonics technologies in the last 50 years. This includes the application of minute forces that enable the trapping and manipulation of cells and single molecules. In terms of the area of biophotonics, optical manipulation has made a seminal contribution to our understanding of the dynamics of single molecules and the microrheology of cells. Here we present a review of optical manipulation, emphasizing its impact on the areas of single-molecule studies and single-cell biology, and indicating some of the key experiments in the fields. © 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. DOI: 10.1117/1.3475958
US or CT for Diagnosis of Appendicitis in Children and Adults? A Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE To perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of appendicitis in pediatric and adult populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical literature (from 1986 to 2004) was searched for articles on studies that used US, CT, or both as diagnostic tests for appendicitis in children (26 studies, 9356 patients) or adults (31 studies, 4341 patients). Prospective and retrospective studies were included if they separately reported the rate of true-positive, true-negative, false-positive, and false-negative diagnoses of appendicitis from US and CT findings compared with the positive and negative rates of appendicitis at surgery or follow-up. Clinical variables, technical factors, and test performance were extracted. Three readers assessed the quality of studies. RESULTS Pooled sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of appendicitis in children were 88% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 86%, 90%) and 94% (95% CI: 92%, 95%), respectively, for US studies and 94% (95% CI: 92%, 97%) and 95% (95% CI: 94%, 97%), respectively, for CT studies. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis in adults were 83% (95% CI: 78%, 87%) and 93% (95% CI: 90%, 96%), respectively, for US studies and 94% (95% CI: 92%, 95%) and 94% (95% CI: 94%, 96%), respectively, for CT studies. CONCLUSION From the diagnostic performance perspective, CT had a significantly higher sensitivity than did US in studies of children and adults; from the safety perspective, however, one should consider the radiation associated with CT, especially in children.
The development and validation of a brief Quality of Sexual Experience (QSE) scale: results from a nationally representative sample of men and women in the United States.

INTRODUCTION Much scientific research focuses on assessing and understanding individuals' perceptions of sexual pleasure, enjoyment and satisfaction. Many existing measures of pleasure and satisfaction provide valuable information but are limited in their ability to assess event-level quality. AIMS To develop a scale for measuring the event-level quality of a sexual experience that could be used regardless of the age, gender, sexual orientation, and relationship status of the individual and across sexual activity types. METHODS Interviews about the measurement of sexual quality and pleasure were conducted with 15 experts in the field of sexual health and informed the development of an event-level scale to measure the quality of sexual experiences. Scale items were administered to a cross-sectional nationally representative probability survey of Americans ages 18 to 60. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Socio-demographic items; Quality of Sexual Experience (QSE) scale items; event-level items related to overall sexual quality ("Quality item"), comparison to other sexual events ("Comparison item"), and orgasm ("Orgasm item"). RESULTS QSE scores were significantly correlated with responses to the Quality Item (r=0.901, P<0.001 for both women and men). Better experiences were associated with significantly higher QSE scores than were worse experiences; significant linear relationships were found for both women (GLM F[4,1461]=129.46, P<0.001) and men (GLM F[4,864]=71.84, P<0.001). QSE scores were significantly related to responses on the Orgasm Item for women [F[3,1430]=246.53, P<0.001] and men [F[3,858]=117.24, P<0.001]. CONCLUSIONS The QSE scale is a valid and reliable event-level measure of the quality of a sexual experience in both women and men with outstanding psychometric properties. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
A 0.022mm2 970µW dual-loop injection-locked PLL with −243dB FOM using synthesizable all-digital PVT calibration circuits

For modern SoC systems, stringent requirements on on-chip clock generators include low area, low power consumption, environmental insensitivity, and the lowest possible jitter performance. Multiplying Delay-Locked Loop (MDLL) [1-2], subharmonically injection-locked techniques [3], and sub-sampling techniques [4-5] can significantly improve the random jitter characteristics of a clock generator. However, in order to guarantee their correct operation and optimal performance over process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations, each method requires additional calibration circuits, which impose difficult-to-meet timing constraints. In the case of an injection-locked PLL (IL-PLL), a free-running frequency calibration is required. However, the output of an injection-locked oscillator is always fixed at the desired frequency, so a shift in the free-running frequency (e.g. caused by temperature and voltage variations) cannot be simply compensated for by using a frequency-locked loop (FLL). Therefore, we propose the use of a dual-loop topology with one free-running voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) as a replica VCO placed inside a FLL for tracking temperature and voltage drift. The other VCO (the main VCO) is injection locked for producing a low-jitter clock, while the free-running frequency shift can be compensated for by the replica loop. The method provides robust output over temperature and voltage variations.
Secondary Data in Research – Uses and Opportunities

We wrote this editorial – in both the Iberoamerican Journal of Strategic Management and Podium – thinking about future opportunities for research, especially in a topic that still has room for further development: the use of secondary data. Sports management research in Brazil, which is the key focus of Podium, has gained wide acceptance within the management research academia in Brazil. Along with this maturation process, this now reinforced area needs to step up its game (pun intended) in terms of methodological approaches. This means that both the qualitative and quantitative sides of the equation must now become more focused in improving results. In strategic management, on the other hand, the use of secondary data is now common and widespread, but not as much in Iberoamerican countries. In this editorial, we will focus more specifically on the use and opportunities in employing secondary data.
Hacia la integración de técnicas de pruebas en metodologías dirigidas por modelos para SOA

Resumen Las arquitecturas orientadas a servicios prometen una mayor interoperabilidad, flexibilidad y aprovechamiento de la informacion. Sin embargo, implantar un sistema que consiga estas ventajas conlleva una complejidad considerable. Existe en la actualidad un abanico de metodoloǵias destinadas a facilitar este proceso. Muchas establecen modelos de alto nivel de la organizacion y sus procesos de negocio, que concretan hasta un nivel lo suficientemente cercano a la implementacion. Estas metodoloǵias se suelen centrar en definir la informacion intercambiada y la funcionalidad a ofrecer. En este trabajo se defiende la importancia de establecer ciertas garantias de que los servicios ofrecidos se comporten de la forma debida, en vistas de la dependencia que supone su mayor grado de reutilizacion. Para ello, se propone la integracion de modelos de pruebas en esta clase de metodoloǵias, y se sugieren varias extensiones sobre una de ellas.
A Comparitive Study on M / M / 1 and M / M / C Queueing Models Using Monte Carlo Simulation

This paper explored the future behavior of railway system, using Monte Carlo Simulation techniques, where find out and to reduce the customer waiting time and also ensure to provide the better service to the customers . Hence this studies revealed and fulfilled the customer needs and expectations and also maintaining the customer satisfaction level. This study based on the arrival and service patterns and purely on time dependent.
High Permittivity Dielectric Pads Improve High Spatial Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Inner Ear at 7 T

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the use of dielectric pads for improving high spatial resolution imaging of the inner ear at 7 T. Materials and MethodsTwo sets of dielectric pads were designed using electromagnetic simulations and implemented using a deuterated suspension of barium titanate. Their effect on transmit efficiency, contrast homogeneity, and diagnostic image quality was evaluated in vivo (N = 10). In addition, their effect on the specific absorption rate was evaluated numerically. ResultsStatistically significant improvements (P < 0.001) in several measures of the image quality were obtained by using dielectric pads. The dielectric pads lead to an increase in the transmit efficiency and uniformity at the location of the inner ear, which is reflected in both an increased contrast homogeneity and an increased diagnostic value. Simulations show that the dielectric pads do not increase the peak local specific absorption rate. ConclusionsUsing geometrically tailored dielectric pads enables high spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the human inner ear at 7 T. The high spatial resolution improves the depiction of the fine inner ear structures, showing the benefit of magnetic resonance imaging at ultrahigh fields.
Prospects for gene therapy of haemophilia

Summary. That gene therapy offers the promise of a cure for haemophilia was apparent more than a decade ago. After years of failure, substantial progress in the efficiency of gene transfer technology has recently resulted in impressive success in animal models with haemophilia. However, fears of the risks intrinsic to such therapy have been raised by the fate of two children cured of immune deficiency by gene transfer who have, however, subsequently developed leukaemia as a result of insertional mutagenesis. The purpose of this review is to outline the current status of gene therapy in light of recent successes and tragedies and to consider the prospects for curing haemophilia in the short‐to‐medium term.
A Study of the Potential of the Pig as a Model for the Vaginal Irritancy of Benzalkonium Chloride in Comparison to the Nonirritant Microbicide PHI-443 and the Spermicide Vanadocene Dithiocarbamate

A porcine model was established to test the mucosal toxicity potential of a thiophene thiourea (PHI-443)-based anti-HIV microbicide and a vanadocene-based spermicide, vanadocene dithiocarbamate (VDDTC) in comparison to benzalkonium chloride (BZK). Nine domestic pigs (Duroc) in nonestrus stage received a single intravaginal application of 2% BZK, 2% PHI-443, or 0.1% VDDTC-containing gel. At various times after gel application, cell differentials and levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid were monitored by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Eight pigs were exposed intravaginally to a gel with and without BZK or VDDTC for 4 consecutive days and vaginal tissues were scored histologically for inflammation using a new scoring system. Only CVL fluid from pigs exposed to BZK showed a significant increase of IL-1β, IL-8, and also IL-18 production when compared to the controls, PHI-443 or VDDTC-treated groups. Maximum levels of BZK-induced IL-1β (100-fold), IL-8 (2,500-fold), IL-18 (80-fold), and IFN-γ(10-fold) were found at 24 hours. In the in vivo porcine vaginal irritation model, increased levels of vaginal IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-18 were associated with histological changes consistent with vaginal inflammation. These results demonstrate that key cervicovaginal inflammatory cytokines are useful in vivo biomarkers for predicting the mucosal toxicity potential of vaginal products in the physiologically relevant and sensitive porcine model.
Analytical study of training program factors to develop the competency of regional operating officer (ROO) in the virtual service provider office (VSPO) in Thailand

Purpose Virtual regional service provider is a key management mechanism created to realize the health service system development plans and a mechanism established to bring about integration of all elements of the health system. However, a virtual service provider office (VSPO) to support the work of the executive has not yet been formally established, and there are no operations practitioners deployed yet, who are necessary to develop the competency of regional operating officer (ROO) in each province. The purpose of this paper is to analyze training program factors to develop the competency of ROO in the VSPO in Thailand. Design/methodology/approach This is a descriptive research that used structural equation model. The research sample consisted of 274 executives and 664 practitioners in the Vice Chief of the provincial health office under the 12 regions; executives’ questionnaire and a VSPO questionnaire were used as tools for this study; data were statistically analyzed by three methods, namely, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), second-order confirmatory factor analysis (second-order CFA), and path analysis (PA). Findings The variable model was composed of ten factors, selected from 40 variables, which are as follows: service plan and personal administration, summary to present for administrators in the VSPO, network management and team building, summary to adjust strategies, key performance indicator (KPI) and action plan, new management skills, system thinking, analytical thinking, synthesis thinking, conflict management style, and leadership; presentation of methods and data for monitoring, presentation skill, conference management skill; researching, learning skill, communication skill exercise, action plan workshop, preparation to study in the fields workshop; fiscal and monetary, internal control and risk management; project management, monitoring, and data definition; and positive thinking, conflict management process, negotiation skill contingency management. Originality/value Ten factors of the variable model of training program factors to develop the competency of ROO in the VSPO in Thailand had high construct validity and they were analyzed using three methods, i.e. EFA, second-order CFA and PA, that were appropriate to be used for developing a training program.