Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attention-based Belief or Disbelief Feature Extraction for Dependency Parsing

Existing neural dependency parsers usually encode each word in a sentence with bi-directional LSTMs, and estimate the score of an arc from the LSTM representations of the head and the modifier, possibly missing relevant context information for the arc being considered. In this study, we propose a neural feature extraction method that learns to extract arc-specific features. We apply a neural network-based attention method to collect evidences for and against each possible head-modifier pair, with which our model computes certainty scores of belief and disbelief, and determines the final arc score by subtracting the score of disbelief from the one of belief. By explicitly introducing two kinds of evidences, the arc candidates can compete against each other based on more relevant information, especially for the cases where they share the same head or modifier. It makes possible to better discriminate two or more competing arcs by presenting their rivals (disbelief evidence). Experiments on various datasets show that our arc-specific feature extraction mechanism significantly improves the performance of bi-directional LSTM-based models by explicitly modeling long-distance dependencies. For both English and Chinese, the proposed model achieve a higher accuracy on dependency parsing task than most existing neural attention-based models.
Microcirculatory alteration in low‐grade gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoma by Helicobacter heilmannii infection: Its relation to vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase‐2

Background: There are clinical reports that Helicobacter heilmannii, as well as Helicobacter pylori, has been clinically reported to cause gastric low‐grade mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue‐type (MALT) lymphoma, although its precise mechanism remains to be clarified. Thus, the present study was undertaken to elucidate the alteration of the microcirculatory structure and the relation to angiogenetic factors in mice infected with H. heilmannii for 3 and 6 months.
Intangibles and national economic wealth a new perspective on how they are linked

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine to what extent national intangible capital (NIC) explains GDP growth and to assess its impact on GDP formation in different countries. The paper brings a new perspective to explaining hidden economic drivers. Design/methodology/approach – The paper introduces a new theoretically and computationally justified method, so-called ELSS model that is based on expansion and augmentation of the Cobb-Douglas production function with a wide range of NIC indicators. The method is applied by using the database that contains NIC indices for 48 countries covering the period from 2001 to 2011. Findings – The results show that intangible capital accounts for 45 per cent of world GDP. The figure for the USA is 70.3 per cent and for the European Union 51.6 per cent. The Nordic countries stand out with a higher figure at 64.7 per cent, with NIC contributing to 72.5 per cent of GDP in Sweden, 69.7 per cent in Finland and 67.6 per cent in Denmark. Research limitations/implicat.
An inpainting method for face images

The digital inpainting process is a process of filling the unknown region of an image and its aim is to inpaint the damaged image and make the observer not aware of that this image has been damaged off and has been inpainted. In this paper, Criminisi algorithm has been studied and improved. In the improved method the gradient term is taken into account together with confidence term and data term in calculating the priority. Thus more information of known pixels is considered in the improved algorithm. Then an inpainting method for face images is proposed based on the improved algorithm. It does not need to spend too much time analyzing the facial features, and can achieve reasonable results.
SAR Automatic Target Recognition Using a Roto-Translational Invariant Wavelet-Scattering Convolution Network

The algorithm of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for automatic target recognition consists of two stages: feature extraction and classification. The quality of extracted features has significant impacts on the final classification performance. This paper presents a SAR automatic target classification method based on the wavelet-scattering convolution network. By introducing a deep scattering convolution network with complex wavelet filters over spatial and angular variables, robust feature representations can be extracted across various scales and angles without training data. Conventional dimension reduction and a support vector machine classifier are followed to complete the classification task. The proposed method is then tested on the moving and stationary target acquisition and recognition (MSTAR) benchmark data set and achieves an average accuracy of 97.63% on the classification of ten-class targets without data augmentation.
An Estimation of Economic Models with Recursive Preferences

This paper presents estimates of key preference parameters of the Epstein and Zin (1989, 1991) and Weil (1989) (EZW) recursive utility model, evaluates the model’s ability to fit asset return data relative to other asset pricing models, and investigates the implications of such estimates for the unobservable aggregate wealth return. Our empirical results indicate that the estimated relative risk aversion parameter is high, ranging from 17-60, with higher values for aggregate consumption than for stockholder consumption, while the estimated elasticity of intertemporal substitution is above one. In addition, the estimated model-implied aggregate wealth return is found to be weakly correlated with the CRSP value-weighted stock market return, suggesting that the return to human wealth is negatively correlated with the aggregate stock market return. In quarterly data from 1952 to 2005, we find that an SMD estimated EZW recursive utility model can explain a cross-section of size and book-market sorted portfolio equity returns better than the standard consumption-based model based on power utility and better than the Lettau and Ludvigson (2001b) cay-scaled consumption CAPM model, but not as well as the Fama and French (1993) three-factor model with financial returns as risk factors.
Improving the perceptual quality of ideal binary masked speech

It is known that applying a time-frequency binary mask to very noisy speech can improve its intelligibility but results in poor perceptual quality. In this paper we propose a new approach to applying a binary mask that combines the intelligibility gains of conventional binary masking with the perceptual quality gains of a classical speech enhancer. The binary mask is not applied directly as a time-frequency gain as in most previous studies. Instead, the mask is used to supply prior information to a classical speech enhancer about the probability of speech presence in different time-frequency regions. Using an oracle ideal binary mask, we show that the proposed method results in a higher predicted quality than other methods of applying a binary mask whilst preserving the improvements in predicted intelligibility.
A new four-side abuttable ASIC for high-resolution multi-energy CT imaging detector arrays

We have developed a new readout ASIC for multienergy CT applications, which can be flip-chip bonded directly to a two-dimensional solid-state pixel detector. Its initial intended use is in CT breast imaging. This chip has an array of 80 × 96 readout channels with a pitch of 0.2 mm × 0.2 mm. The design uses through-silicon vias for the ASIC's power, bias and digital 1/0 connections to allow for a fully abuttable layout with a die size of 19.1 mm × 16.3 mm. Each channel has a charge-sensitive amplifier with individually adjustable parameters such as gain and baseline offset. The amplifiers are designed for count rates up to 1.25 × 108 photons per second per square millimeter (5 × 106 photons per second per pixel). The amplifier signals are discriminated by four comparators and counted in 12-bit pulse counters. The readout dead time is kept at negligible levels by copying each counter's data to its own dedicated readout register at the end of each count period, for readout during the following period. Reading the more than 30,000 registers can be accomplished in less than 0.5 ms, allowing for a frame rate of 2000 frames per second.
Tobin's q and the Structure-Performance Relationship: Comment

The exchange of comments between William Shepherd and Michael Smirlock, Thomas Gilligan, and William Marshall (this Review, December 1986) raised two key points that remain unresolved. The first point is whether Tobin's q ratio, a firm's financial market value divided by replacement cost of its assets, is a better measure of firm performance than accounting rates of return. The second point of contention is whether superior performance, however measured, can be attributed to efficiency rather than market power. This paper offers further clarification on both of these points. In Section I the performance measure choice is shown to be influenced by fundamental differences between finance and economics. In Section II, the structure-performance model employed by Smirlock, Gilligan, and Marshall (hereafter, SGM) and Shepherd is shown to be a special case of a more general model allowing for a dependence of the market-share-performance relationship on the concentration ratio. The same data from the original study by SGM (1984) are used in Section III to provide a comparison of SGM's findings with empirical results from an alternative specification of the structure-performance model. This comparison suggests that attributing superior firm performance exclusively to efficiency is not well founded. Concluding remarks are found in Section IV.
Saphenous Nerve Somatosensory Evoked Potentials: A Novel Technique to Monitor the Femoral Nerve During Transpoas Lumbar Lateral Interbody Fusion

Study Design. A retrospective analysis of a case series was performed. Objective. To describe a novel technique to monitor femoral nerve function by analyzing the saphenous nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) during transpsoas surgical exposures of the lumbar spine. Summary of Background Data. During transpsoas direct lateral approaches to the lumbar spine, electromyography monitoring is frequently advocated; however, sensory and motor neurological complications are still being reported. Femoral nerve injury remains a feared complication at the L3–L4 and L4–L5 levels. The current neurophysiological monitoring modalities are not specific or sensitive enough to predict these injuries after the retractors are placed. The authors have developed a technique that is hypothesized to reduce femoral nerve injuries caused by retractor compression by adding saphenous nerve SSEPs to their neurophysiological monitoring paradigm. Methods. Institutional review board approval was granted for this study and the medical records along with the intraoperative monitoring reports from 41 consecutive transpsoas lateral interbody fusion procedures were analyzed. The presence or absence of intraoperative changes to the saphenous nerve SSEP was noted and the postoperative symptoms and physical examination findings were noted. Results. SSEP changes were noted in 5 of the 41 surgical procedures, with 3 of the patients waking up with a femoral nerve deficit. None of the patients with stable SSEP's developed sensory or motor deficits postoperatively. No patient in this series demonstrated intraoperative electromyography changes indicative of an intraoperative nerve injury. Conclusion. Saphenous nerve SSEP monitoring may be a beneficial tool to detect femoral nerve injury related to transpsoas direct lateral approaches to the lumbar spine. Level of Evidence: 4
Study on back to back capacitive current switching of 36kV vacuum circuit breaker

Back-to-back capacitive bank switching is the most severe duty among capacitive current switching duties because the amplitude of the inrush current with high frequency is very large. In this paper, 36kV back-to-back capacitive current switching tests of test duty 2(BC2) were carried out with vacuum circuit breaker. And the tests were performed with a series of separate making tests of 120 operations followed by a series of CO tests of 120 operations due to limitations of the test plant according to IEC standards 62271-100. The two types of VCB were tested with single phase and the test results were compared in terms of pre-arcing time, break down voltage distribution, contact surface after tests, contacting area, and field enhancement factor.
The Effect of Moods on Auditors' Inventory Valuation Decisions

SUMMARY: This paper investigates the effect of different mood states—specifically positive, neutral, and negative mood—on inventory valuation decisions. Psychological research suggests that different mood states can lead to different professional judgments in the performance of an ambiguous task. Compared with neutral- and negative-mood individuals, positive-mood individuals have the lowest consensus and make the least conservative judgment (i.e., the highest inventory valuation), and negative-mood individuals have the highest consensus and make the most conservative judgment (i.e., the lowest inventory valuation). An experiment conducted with 102 Australian audit professionals found that, consistent with the literature, mood states affect the dispersion and extent of conservatism in the inventory valuation judgment. A follow-up experiment conducted with 170 final-year Australian auditing students suggests that the effect of moods on judgment may be due to the mood-congruent retrieval of information by th.
Do institutions matter for technological change in transition economies? The case of the Russia's 89 regions and republics

We explore the impact of institutions on technological change in a transition economy. We use regional panel data for Russia's 89 regions and republics during the period of recovery and growth from 1998 to 2004 to show the impact of large variation in institutional development, ranging from full enforcement of property rights in the Northwest to red belt Communist regimes in the southeast. We find an unambiguous relationship between strong and sustained institutional development and technological change. We provide one model proxying the quality of institutions by the investment risk rating compiled by the rating agency ExpertRA Regions.
Bovine papillomavirus E2 repressor mutant displays a high-copy-number phenotype and enhanced transforming activity

The methionine codon at bovine papillomavirus type 1 nucleotide 3091 was mutated to determine whether it may serve as an initiation codon for an E2 transcriptional repressor protein and to determine the role of the repressor in the biological activities of the virus. A series of transient expression experiments with CV1 cells documented that the mutation reduced expression of repressor activity from the viral genome and resulted in increased expression of the E5 transforming gene. Viral genomes containing the mutation displayed enhanced transforming activity in several assays in mouse C127 cells, including focus formation, colony formation in agarose, and tumorigenicity. In transformed cells, the mutant viral DNA was maintained as a plasmid with approximately 500 genomes per cell, whereas the wild-type copy number was approximately 75. These results indicate that the wild-type bovine papillomavirus type 1 genome encodes an E2 repressor protein that moderates the viral transforming activity and allows maintenance of the viral DNA at a relatively low copy number.
The UK and Emu: Lessons from Europe

Her Majesty's Treasury is due to report in June 2003 on the economic case for the UK adopting the Euro. One criterion concerns the extent of economic convergence between the UK and the European Union countries. Differences in financial, credit and housing institutions between countries present one important subset of constraints to sustained convergence (Maclennan et al, 1998) - largely neglected in the economic literature on common currency areas. These types of differences create tension within the Eurozone. Empirical evidence supporting these concerns has emerged in signs of overheating in the Netherlands, UK and some of the fringe economies, and in the relative stagnation of Germany and Italy. The UK's buoyancy, however, is accompanied by serious economic imbalances, with consequent risks of instability. These would be exacerbated should the UK be prematurely locked into an exchange rate and interest rate regime unresponsive to domestic conditions. There is much to learn from European experience: from Germany and Italy, on the consequences of illiberal economic structures; from The Netherlands, on some of the risks of liberal credit markets; and from Denmark, with a liberal credit market but rational property taxation. In this paper, John Muellbauer argues that convergence does not have to be fully achieved, if there is a counterbalancing policy instrument to mitigate some of the effects of these slow-to-dissipate differences. Specifically in the UK, a reformed system of property taxation would contribute greatly to long-term stability and the preservation of economic balance.
The Cost of Caring: Emotion, Burnout, and Psychological Distress in Critical Care Clinicians

The Cost of Caring: Emotion, Burnout, and Psychological Distress in Critical Care Clinicians Deena Kelly Costa and Marc Moss Department of Systems, Populations, and Leadership, School of Nursing, and Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
An Offline Evaluation Method for Individual Treatment Rules and How to Find Heterogeneous Treatment Effect

Heterogeneous treatment effects occur when the treatment affects different subgroups of population differently. In this work, we conducted a large scale simulation study to identify the characteristics of treatments that are more likely to have heterogeneous treatment effects, and to estimate how effective the individual treatment rules are compared to the better conditions. We found that heterogeneous treatment effects are rare. When the overall treatment effect is close to zero, we found that individual treatment rule is very likely to be effective. With large positive or negative overall treatment effect, the heterogeneous treatment effect is less likely to occur, and the individual treatment rules are more likely to be ineffective.
Are some more equal than others? Social comparison in self-management skills training for long-term conditions

Background: Social comparisons influence self-evaluation and social and psychological adjustment to illness but are under-explored in relation to self-skills training group situations. Methods: A longitudinal qualitative study embedded within an RCT of a national programme of lay led self-care support in England (Department of Health, 2001). In-depth interviews were undertaken with a purposeful maximum variation sample of recruits. Data were analysed thematically. Three key themes emerged highlighting (1) the experience of group participation and interaction, (2) the process and (3) function of social comparison. Results: Data highlight the salience of social comparison as an underlying feature of the group dynamics of self-care skills training. The nature, dimensions and scope of social comparisons extend beyond the cognitive states and dimensions traditionally forming the focus of social—psychological approaches to social comparison to include wider dimensions including entitlement to resources. The results confirm the tendency to make positive comparisons that result in beneficial self-evaluations. However, positive comparisons allow respondents to present themselves as socially and morally worthy, which may act to mask the identification of appropriate need and inequalities. Conclusion: Social comparisons function both as an accurate representation of internal cognitive states but also constitutes identity work involving competing values and moral requirements. We show that even those who report significant needs will sometimes portray themselves in a way that suggests positive social comparisons, which fit with a rationed and morally prescriptive and acceptable view of entitlement to NHS services. Such insights suggest that social comparisons in initiatives such as the EPP may be beneficial for some but exacerbate rather than alleviate health inequalities in long-term condition management for others.
Characterization of an Equine Arteritis Virus Replicase Mutant Defective in Subgenomic mRNA Synthesis

ABSTRACT Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus that synthesizes a 5′- and 3′-coterminal nested set of six subgenomic mRNAs. These mRNAs all contain a common leader sequence which is derived from the 5′ end of the genome. Subgenomic mRNA transcription and genome replication are directed by the viral replicase, which is expressed in the form of two polyproteins and subsequently processed into smaller nonstructural proteins (nsps). During the recent construction of an EAV infectious cDNA clone (pEAV030 [L. C. van Dinten, J. A. den Boon, A. L. M. Wassenaar, W. J. M. Spaan, and E. J. Snijder, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:991–996, 1997]), a mutant cDNA clone (pEAV030F) which carries a single replicase point mutation was obtained. This substitution (Ser-2429→Pro) is located in the nsp10 subunit and renders the EAV030F virus deficient in subgenomic mRNA synthesis. To obtain more insight into the role of nsp10 in transcription and the nature of the transcriptional defect, we have now analyzed the EAV030F mutant in considerable detail. The Ser-2429→Pro mutation does not affect the proteolytic processing of the replicase but apparently affects the function of nsp10 in transcription. Furthermore, our study showed that EAV030F still produces subgenomic positive and negative strands, albeit at a very low level. Both subgenomic positive-strand synthesis and negative-strand synthesis are equally affected by the Ser-2429→Pro mutation, suggesting that nsp10 plays an important role in an early step of EAV mRNA transcription.