Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topological fluid dynamics for fluid dynamicists

These notes are preliminary and informal. My aim is to provide an introduction to some of the basic ideas that have emerged in recent decades in the fluids literature that have a fundamentally topological character. That is, rather than focusing on details such as velocity profile or pressure field, this material deals with persistent invariant properties of a flow field, features which often have a geometric interpretation. A basic reference is the book of Arnold and Khesin [1]. Other references will be given below. My interpretation of TFD will omit many technical details, but will I hope serve its purpose of translating some of the important ideas into the language of classical fluid mechanics. Topological ideas arise very naturally in fluid dynamics through the geometry of the vorticity field, and early work by Lord Kelvin and others explored knottedness of vortex tubes, for example. However the bringing together of inherently topological ideas from fluid dynamics into a coherent theory has been a fairly recent endeavor, associated with the work of Moffatt among fluid dynamicists, and Arnold and Freedman among mathematicians. An early example of topological thinking in fluid dynamics is the idea of a simply-connected domain and the role of multiply-connected domains in the analysis of lift by an airfoil in two-dimensional flow. A simple material curve which encircles a “hole” in the domain is fundamentally distinct from one which does not, and this property is an invariant of the flow field. There is no reference here to dynamics, so this is the essence of the topological viewpoint. Similarly, by calculating the circulation on such a curve the lift of a foil may be identified with a “topological invariant”. In three dimensions, the knottedness of material curves provide immediate examples of topological invariants. Perhaps the simplest example of such invariants can be seen in the advection of a scalar field c(x,y,t): ∂c
"Just Watching It Again Now Still Gives Me Goose Bumps!": Examining The Mental Postcards of Sport Spectators

In a highly mediated world, iconic sporting moments are repeatedly relived, with their significance reinforced by a series of media montages. These narratives form the basis of a series of collective, shared memories within a society. Despite the power that collective memories may have, iconic sporting moments may also have private significance for an individual. In this paper, we examine these, what might be termed “mental postcards. ” The study was conducted within the West Midlands of the UK, with participants asked to identify their most memorable moment as a spectator of sport. Though respondents’ accounts were idiosyncratic, highly individualized, and covered a range of sports, thematic coding revealed four specific themes: “What a Hero,” “Never Say Die,” “Being There,” and “We Won. ”
Using meta-data technique for component based black box testing

Component Based Software development is used for making the software applications quickly and rapidly. In Component Based Development, the software product is build by gathering different components of existing software from different vendors. By using this process cost and time of the software product is reduced. But in testing phase there arises many difficulties for a tester because he has a very limited access to the source code of the reusable component of the product. The component meta-data can be used to attach additional information with the components to facilitate testing. Black box testing is used where code of the component is not available. Usually, a component has a hidden interface and a tester cannot input the values in it unless its interface is not completed. In this paper, the issues in component based testing using metadata approach for black box testing will be discussed when component's interface not available. We present the methodology that how metadata can be used in black box testing. We have also proposed an application (tool) which can be used in automated black box testing of a <. dll> component.
Identification of Unanticipated and Novel N-Acyl L-Homoserine Lactones (AHLs) Using a Sensitive Non-Targeted LC-MS/MS Method

N-acyl L-homoserine lactones (AHLs) constitute a predominant class of quorum-sensing signaling molecules used by Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we report a sensitive and non-targeted HPLC-MS/MS method based on parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) to identify and quantitate known, unanticipated, and novel AHLs in microbial samples. Using a hybrid quadrupole-high resolution mass analyzer, this method integrates MS scans and all-ion fragmentation MS/MS scans to allow simultaneous detection of AHL parent-ion masses and generation of full mass spectra at high resolution and high mass accuracy in a single chromatographic run. We applied this method to screen for AHL production in a variety of Gram-negative bacteria (i.e. B. cepacia, E. tarda, E. carotovora, E. herbicola, P. stewartii, P. aeruginosa, P. aureofaciens, and R. sphaeroides) and discovered that nearly all of them produce a larger set of AHLs than previously reported. Furthermore, we identified production of an uncommon AHL (i.e. 3-oxo-C7-HL) in E. carotovora and P. stewartii, whose production has only been previously observed within the genera Serratia and Yersinia. Finally, we used our method to quantitate AHL degradation in B. cepacia, E. carotovora, E. herbicola, P. stewartii, P. aeruginosa, P. aureofaciens, the non-AHL producer E. coli, and the Gram-positive bacterium B. subtilis. We found that AHL degradation ability varies widely across these microbes, of which B. subtilis and E. carotovora are the best degraders, and observed that there is a general trend for AHLs containing long acyl chains (≥10 carbons) to be degraded at faster rates than AHLs with short acyl chains (≤6 carbons).
Security and Privacy-Enhancing Multicloud Architectures

Security challenges are still among the biggest obstacles when considering the adoption of cloud services. This triggered a lot of research activities, resulting in a quantity of proposals targeting the various cloud security threats. Alongside with these security issues, the cloud paradigm comes with a new set of unique features, which open the path toward novel security approaches, techniques, and architectures. This paper provides a survey on the achievable security merits by making use of multiple distinct clouds simultaneously. Various distinct architectures are introduced and discussed according to their security and privacy capabilities and prospects.
Brome Mosaic Virus Protein 1a Recruits Viral RNA2 to RNA Replication through a 5′ Proximal RNA2 Signal

ABSTRACT Brome mosaic virus (BMV), a positive-strand RNA virus in the alphavirus-like superfamily, encodes two RNA replication factors. Membrane-associated 1a protein contains a helicase-like domain and RNA capping functions. 2a, which is targeted to membranes by 1a, contains a central polymerase-like domain. In the absence of 2a and RNA replication, 1a acts through an intergenic replication signal in BMV genomic RNA3 to stabilize RNA3 and induce RNA3 to associate with cellular membrane. Multiple results imply that 1a-induced RNA3 stabilization reflects interactions involved in recruiting RNA3 templates into replication. To determine if 1a had similar effects on another BMV RNA replication template, we constructed a plasmid expressing BMV genomic RNA2 in vivo. In vivo-expressed RNA2 templates were replicated upon expression of 1a and 2a. In the absence of 2a, 1a stabilized RNA2 and induced RNA2 to associate with membrane. Deletion analysis demonstrated that 1a-induced membrane association of RNA2 was mediated by sequences in the 5′-proximal third of RNA2. The RNA2 5′ untranslated region was sufficient to confer 1a-induced membrane association on a nonviral RNA. However, sequences in the N-terminal region of the 2a open reading frame enhanced 1a responsiveness of RNA2 and a chimeric RNA. A 5′-terminal RNA2 stem-loop important for RNA2 replication was essential for 1a-induced membrane association of RNA2 and, like the 1a-responsive RNA3 intergenic region, contained a required box B motif corresponding to the TΨC stem-loop of host tRNAs. The level of 1a-induced membrane association of various RNA2 mutants correlated well with their abilities to serve as replication templates. These results support and expand the conclusion that 1a-induced BMV RNA stabilization and membrane association reflect early, 1a-mediated steps in viral RNA replication.
Patterns of Linguistic Communication in Teaching and Learning Science: A case study of Korean middle school science classes

The purpose of this study is to investigate patterns of linguistic communication in learning and teaching science and to find out how the formation of each pattern was related with the classroom, particularly in Korean middle school context. For this, we observed science classes in three middle schools in Seoul and collected data during lessons through audiotape and videotape recording. From the analysis of the data in three cases, nine patterns of spoken or written communication in learning and teaching science were found, and the features of each pattern and the context were discussed in detail. These results provided us with rich information of linguistic communication dealing with scientific topics appearing in Korean school science classes. We argue that those patterns appear to implicitly reflect the unique contexts of science classes in Korea. ‘The optimization in teacher behaviour’, which refers to the conceptualization of teachers’ efforts to take advantage of the given classroom context, is suggested as one of the main causes that made each pattern occur.
Relationships beliefs and relationship quality across cultures: Country as a moderator of dysfunctional beliefs and relationship quality in three former Communist societies

Research on the correlation between relationship beliefs and quality has rarely considered the impact of culture. In this study, 206 manual workers, students, and entrepreneurs from Georgia, Hungary, and Russia completed a modified Relationship Beliefs Inventory (Eidelson & Epstein, 1982, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 715) and the Abbreviated Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Sharpley & Rogers, 1984, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 44, 1045). Results indicated a significant pan-cultural correlation between dysfunctional beliefs and relationship quality but a moderating effect for country, with dysfunctional beliefs in Hungary explaining more than four times of the variance in relationship quality than in the other countries. Findings are interpreted in light of major value and ecological differences between the three countries.
Stick-breaking Construction for the Indian Buffet Process

The Indian buffet process (IBP) is a Bayesian nonparametric distribution whereby objects are modelled using an unbounded number of latent features. In this paper we derive a stick-breaking representation for the IBP. Based on this new representation, we develop slice samplers for the IBP that are efficient, easy to implement and are more generally applicable than the currently available Gibbs sampler. This representation, along with the work of Thibaux and Jordan [17], also illuminates interesting theoretical connections between the IBP, Chinese restaurant processes, Beta processes and Dirichlet processes.
deDacota: toward preventing server-side XSS via automatic code and data separation

Web applications are constantly under attack. They are popular, typically accessible from anywhere on the Internet, and they can be abused as malware delivery systems. Cross-site scripting flaws are one of the most common types of vulnerabilities that are leveraged to compromise a web application and its users. A large set of cross-site scripting vulnerabilities originates from the browser's confusion between data and code. That is, untrusted data input to the web application is sent to the clients' browser, where it is then interpreted as code and executed. While new applications can be designed with code and data separated from the start, legacy web applications do not have that luxury. This paper presents a novel approach to securing legacy web applications by automatically and statically rewriting an application so that the code and data are clearly separated in its web pages. This transformation protects the application and its users from a large range of server-side cross-site scripting attacks. Moreover, the code and data separation can be efficiently enforced at run time via the Content Security Policy enforcement mechanism available in modern browsers. We implemented our approach in a tool, called deDacota, that operates on binary ASP.NET applications. We demonstrate on six real-world applications that our tool is able to automatically separate code and data, while keeping the application's semantics unchanged.
Analyzing and Visualizing Relationship Networks

This project is designed to detect the hidden relationships between risks, model them and visualize them. The technique is based on a mixture of text clustering and text classification. Firstly, the raw risks are preprocessed and transformed into the desired format. Then Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is applied to the risks as a cluster technique to discover the hidden thematic topics that can be used to group risks. After obtaining the topic structure, new risks can be classified into these topics using techniques like Naïve Bayes (NB). The approach is able to not only model the relationships between existing risks, but also model the relationships between “new” risks and “old” risks. In addition, a JavaScript library called D3 has been utilized to visualize the relationship network.
Utterance-final conjunctive particles and implicature in Japanese conversation

According to the received view, connective particles are characterised as “bound grammatical markers” that connect two clauses into a ‘sentence’ (Matsumoto, Yo 1988: 345). As Fukushima (2005) points out though, these conjunctions have other functions that go beyond intra-sentential usage. Utterance-final conjunctive particles have been analysed thus far, for the most part, as a type of (clausal) ellipsis or as particles that give rise to various pragmatic effects. In this paper, it is suggested that an approach to utterance-final conjunctive particles that is grounded in the notion of implicature may offer a complementary perspective on this phenomenon. The notions of “(im)politeness implicature” and “interactional implicature” are utilised in order to discuss how utterance-final conjunctive particles may trigger inferences leading to various interpersonal and interactional effects. By carefully analysing the projection and uptake of these implicatures apparent in the sequential development of interpretings conjointly co-constituted in Japanese conversation, it is argued that the analysts’ and participants’ perspectives can be better reconciled to avoid the imposition of an analysis by the researcher which is not contingently relevant to those participants. It is argued that through such an analysis the manner in which linguistic and communicative perspectives on implicature can complement one another can be explored more fully.
Full-time wearable headphone-type gaze detector

A headphone-type gaze detector for a full-time wearable interface is proposed. It uses a Kalman filter to analyze multiple channels of EOG signals measured at the locations of headphone cushions to estimate gaze direction. Evaluations show that the average estimation error is 4.4® (horizontal) and 8.3® (vertical), and that the drift is suppressed to the same level as in ordinary EOG. The method is especially robust against signal anomalies. Selecting a real object from among many surrounding ones is one possible application of this headphone gaze detector.
Field-assisted titanium-glass bonding

This paper reports the evaluation and characterization of titanium-glass field-assisted bonding which is suitable for microsystem packaging, especially biocompatible ones. The influence of surface roughness, bonding voltage and temperature on bonding quality was investigated. Using a point contact anode, 1 inch titanium substrates of 200 μm-thick were successfully bonded to the soda lime glass at 400 °C applying a voltage of 400V. With good repeatability, over 70% of the surface was joined, and the bonding strength and the the fracture strength of glass pertained to the same order of magnitude.
Associations between youth’s diurnal cortisol and physical and mental health outcomes: Importance of time since onset, severity and chronicity

Previous investigations of the association between cortisol and physical and mental health outcomes have yielded inconsistent results. Examining how long the individual has experienced the problem may help clarify these divergent findings. Four questions were examined including (1) Do the associations between diurnal cortisol and internalizing behaviours differ depending on how long youth have experienced the behaviours? (2) Do the associations between diurnal cortisol and externalizing behaviours differ depending on how long youth have experienced the behaviours? (3) Do associations persist if behaviours are examined at a later point in time (i.e. mid-adolescence)? (4) Do the associations between diurnal cortisol and physical health problems in early adolescence differ depending on the chronicity of the health problem? Data from the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Project were employed to examine these associations. In general, results suggest that the association between cortisol and health outcomes differ depending on how long the problem has been experienced. When examined concurrently in adolescence, youth with more internalizing behaviours had higher morning cortisol; however, when examined longitudinally, youth with more internalizing behaviours in childhood had lower morning cortisol levels as adolescents. Youth with more externalizing behaviours in childhood had flattened diurnal cortisol rhythms as adolescents, and this finding persisted when examined in adolescence. Similarly, blunted patterns of adrenocortical activity in early adolescence were also related to more internalizing and externalizing behaviours in mid-adolescence. Furthermore, this notion seems to hold true for physical health problems such that acute health problems (i.e. infections) were associated with elevated levels of cortisol whereas more chronic health problems (i.e. asthma and allergies) were associated with blunted patterns of diurnal cortisol. The findings suggest that both hyper- and hypocortisolism may be evident within the same sample and this is related to how long the problem had been experienced. Future research should consider sampling cortisol at more than one time point to more thoroughly examine the possibility of blunted hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in prospective, longitudinal studies.
The Life Cycle of Government Ownership

Government ownership may dominate private ownership under government failure. Such dom- inance disappears as product markets grow mature, giving rise to the need for privatization. Buyers' limited wealth imposes a constraint on how and when privatization takes place. In particular, firms may be underpriced during privatization, and privatization may take place at a sub-optimal timing which results in firm performances to deteriorate in the short run, and to improve only in the long run. Partial privatization may alleviate the constraint in some cases but exacerbates the e? ciency loss in others. When the government is lesser an interventionist or when the product market grows mature very rapidly, privatization is likely to take place at a sub-optimal timing. The analysis is applied to the dynamics of the Chinese non-state sector.
Proteomics and phosphoproteomics in precision medicine: applications and challenges

Abstract Recent advances in proteomics allow the accurate measurement of abundances for thousands of proteins and phosphoproteins from multiple samples in parallel. Therefore, for the first time, we have the opportunity to measure the proteomic profiles of thousands of patient samples or disease model cell lines in a systematic way, to identify the precise underlying molecular mechanism and discover personalized biomarkers, networks and treatments. Here, we review examples of successful use of proteomics and phosphoproteomics data sets in as well as their integration other omics data sets with the aim of precision medicine. We will discuss the bioinformatics challenges posed by the generation, analysis and integration of such large data sets and present potential reasons why proteomics profiling and biomarkers are not currently widely used in the clinical setting. We will finally discuss ways to contribute to the better use of proteomics data in precision medicine and the clinical setting.
Species Delimitation: A Decade After the Renaissance

A decade ago Sites and Marshall [1] described the empirical practice of species delimitation as “a Renaissance issue in systematic biology”. At the time there was an odd disconnect be‐ tween the two frequently stated empirical goals systematic biology: the discovery of: (1) monophyletic groups (clades) and relationships within these at all hierarchical levels above species; and (2) lineages (species); compared to the actual practice of the discipline. While much of systematic biology had been devoted to the first goal, the second goal had until re‐ cently been largely ignored [2], despite the fact that species are routinely used as the basic units of analysis in biogeography, ecology, evolutionary biology, and conservation biology [3,4]. However, Sites and Marshall [1] noted “signs of a Renaissance” at the time of their re‐ view, which was precipitated in part by others emphasizing the need to distinguish between a non-operational, ontological definition of species, versus the empirical (operational) data needed to test their reality [5-7]. De Queiroz [7] (p. 60) noted that “All modern species defi‐ nitions either explicitly or implicitly equate species with segments of population level evolu‐ tionary lineages. ” De Queiroz also noted that this was a revised version of Simpson’s “evolutionary species concept”, which defines a species as “a lineage (an ancestraldescend‐ ent sequence of populations) evolving separately from others and with its own evolutionary role and tendencies” ([8], p. 153), and called this a General Lineage Concept (GLC) of species ([7], p. 65). De Queiroz [9] further emphasized that the multiple empirical criteria simply re‐ flect the many contingent properties (differences in genetic or morphological features, adap‐ tive zones or ecological niches, mate-recognition systems, reproductive compatibility, monophyly, etc.) of diverging populations associated with different evolutionary processes operating in various geographic contexts [10,11]. Sites and Marshall [1] noted that the emerging consensus among systematists and evolutionary biologists was based on the utili‐ ty of this distinction (ontological definition vs. empirical species delimitation [SDL] meth‐
Robot Learning with State-Dependent Exploration

Policy gradient algorithms are among the few learning methods successfully applied to demanding real-world problems including those found in the field of robotics. While Likelihood Ratio (LR) methods are typically used to estimate the gradient, they suffer from high variance due to random exploration at each timestep during the rollout. We therefore evaluate several policy gradient methods with state-dependent exploration (SDE), a recently introduced alternative to random exploration, which deterministically returns the same action for a given state during one episode. We apply SDE to a simulated robotics task with realistically modelled physics, and compare it to random exploration within several different learning schemes. Our experiments show that SDE outperforms traditional random exploration in almost every case.