Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UGroningen: Negation detection with Discourse Representation Structures

We use the NLP toolchain that is used to construct the Groningen Meaning Bank to address the task of detecting negation cue and scope, as defined in the shared task "Resolving the Scope and Focus of Negation". This toolchain applies the C&C tools for parsing, using the formalism of Combinatory Categorial Grammar, and applies Boxer to produce semantic representations in the form of Discourse Representation Structures (DRSs). For negation cue detection, the DRSs are converted to flat, non-recursive structures, called Discourse Representation Graphs (DRGs). DRGs simplify cue detection by means of edge labels representing relations. Scope detection is done by gathering the tokens that occur within the scope of a negated DRS. The result is a system that is fairly reliable for cue detection and scope detection. Furthermore, it provides a fairly robust algorithm for detecting the negated event or property within the scope.
The Perception of Octave Equivalence in Twelve-Tone Rows

It has often been noted that serialism does not seem to result in any perceptual order in the music where it forms the structural principle (e.g. Albersheim, 1964; Meyer, 1967; Pousseur, 1966). While attacking the perceptual validity of total serialism may, at this date, be equivalent to flogging a dead horse, there are perhaps many who still feel that the use of the techniques of "classical" (Schoenbergian) 12-tone theory will positively effect the perceptual coherence of a composition. The experiments presented here examine the effect of one of the basic tenets of 12-tone theory: that dealing with the question of octave equivalence on the perceptibility of 12-tone rows.
Interactions between secondhand smoke and genes that affect cystic fibrosis lung disease.

CONTEXT Disease variation can be substantial even in conditions with a single gene etiology such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Simultaneously studying the effects of genes and environment may provide insight into the causes of variation. OBJECTIVE To determine whether secondhand smoke exposure is associated with lung function and other outcomes in individuals with CF, whether socioeconomic status affects the relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and lung disease severity, and whether specific gene-environment interactions influence the effect of secondhand smoke exposure on lung function. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective assessment of lung function, stratified by environmental and genetic factors. Data were collected by the US Cystic Fibrosis Twin and Sibling Study with missing data supplemented by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Data Registry. All participants were diagnosed with CF, were recruited between October 2000 and October 2006, and were primarily from the United States. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Disease-specific cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of lung function. RESULTS Of 812 participants with data on secondhand smoke in the home, 188 (23.2%) were exposed. Of 780 participants with data on active maternal smoking during gestation, 129 (16.5%) were exposed. Secondhand smoke exposure in the home was associated with significantly lower cross-sectional (9.8 percentile point decrease; P < .001) and longitudinal lung function (6.1 percentile point decrease; P = .007) compared with those not exposed. Regression analysis demonstrated that socioeconomic status did not confound the adverse effect of secondhand smoke exposure on lung function. Interaction between gene variants and secondhand smoke exposure resulted in significant percentile point decreases in lung function, namely in CFTR non-DeltaF508 homozygotes (12.8 percentile point decrease; P = .001), TGFbeta1-509 TT homozygotes (22.7 percentile point decrease; P = .006), and TGFbeta1 codon 10 CC homozygotes (20.3 percentile point decrease; P = .005). CONCLUSIONS Any exposure to secondhand smoke adversely affects both cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of lung function in individuals with CF. Variations in the gene that causes CF (CFTR) and a CF-modifier gene (TGFbeta1) amplify the negative effects of secondhand smoke exposure.
Supply Chain: A Framework for Expanding the Human Resource Development Professional’s Role in Technology Implementations

The problem and the solution. Billions of dollars have been spent on technology for the purpose of improving business productivity. The “spend” includes technology applications for enterprise resource planning systems,business-to-business and business-to-consumer e-business solutions, e-marketplaces, advanced planning systems, warehouse management systems, scan-based trading, and online catalogs. The problem for business is that the return on investment (ROI) for technology is unpredictable and frequently impedes improved business performance for a period of time; costs go up, service goes down, and inventory gets out of control.The problem for many human resource development (HRD) professionals is that their role in the implementation of technology is either nonexistent or limited to only organizing the software-training schedule. The opportunity for both improved technology ROI and getting HRD to play a larger role in overall performance improvement requires business teams and HRD professionals to gain a deeper understanding of supply-chain processes.This chapter presents a supply-chain framework that has had helped improve business performance and directly supports technology ROI.
Constructing Our Pedagogical Canons

Analysis of required reading lists sheds light on the factors that underlie admission to pedagogical canons. These variables can serve as a springboard for collaborative faculty development of pedagogical literary canons. By constructing and enacting criteria-based pedagogical canons, professors will be better able to maintain their authority over curricular content.
Transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal tissue in two primate models of retinal degeneration

Significance We first confirmed the ability of human embryonic stem cell-derived retina (hESC-retina) to form structured mature photoreceptor layers after transplantation into nude rats. We then developed two monkey models of retinal degeneration and evaluated their utility as host models for transplantation studies. Finally, we performed a pilot study of hESC-retina transplantation in the developed models and conducted in vivo monitoring studies using clinical devices and subsequently confirmed structured graft maturation and the potential formation of synaptic contacts between graft and host cells. This study demonstrates the competency of hESC-retina as a graft source and the eligibility of two newly developed monkey models that may be useful in future, long-term, functional studies of retinal transplantation. Retinal transplantation therapy for retinitis pigmentosa is increasingly of interest due to accumulating evidence of transplantation efficacy from animal studies and development of techniques for the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells into retinal tissues or cells. In this study, we aimed to assess the potential clinical utility of hESC-derived retinal tissues (hESC-retina) using newly developed primate models of retinal degeneration to obtain preparatory information regarding the potential clinical utility of these hESC-retinas in transplantation therapy. hESC-retinas were first transplanted subretinally into nude rats with or without retinal degeneration to confirm their competency as a graft to mature to form highly specified outer segment structure and to integrate after transplantation. Two focal selective photoreceptor degeneration models were then developed in monkeys by subretinal injection of cobalt chloride or 577-nm optically pumped semiconductor laser photocoagulation. The utility of the developed models and a practicality of visual acuity test developed for monkeys were evaluated. Finally, feasibility of hESC-retina transplantation was assessed in the developed monkey models under practical surgical procedure and postoperational examinations. Grafted hESC-retina was observed differentiating into a range of retinal cell types, including rod and cone photoreceptors that developed structured outer nuclear layers after transplantation. Further, immunohistochemical analyses suggested the formation of host–graft synaptic connections. The findings of this study demonstrate the clinical feasibility of hESC-retina transplantation and provide the practical tools for the optimization of transplantation strategies for future clinical applications.
Collateral Casualties of Consumerism

Collateral victims of consumerism are the ‘flawed consumers’ - lacking resources that socially approved consumer activity requires. Collateral damages refer to the new frailty of inter-human bonds resulting from the transfer of consumerist patterns upon relations between humans. Collateral casualties of consumerism are all men and women affected by either of these and thereby confronted by a series of unfamiliar challenges difficult or impossible to cope with.
A Tale of Two Graphs: Property Graphs as RDF in Oracle

Databases are gaining popularity, owing to pervasiveness of graph data in social networks, physical sciences, networking, and web applications. A majority of these databases are based on the property graph model, which is characterized as key/value-based, directed, and multi-relational. In this paper, we consider the problem of supporting property graphs as RDF in Oracle Database. We introduce a property graph to RDF transformation scheme. The main challenge lies in representing the key/value properties of property graph edges in RDF. We propose three models: 1) named graph based, 2) subproperty based, and 3) (extended) reification based, all of which can be supported with RDF capabilities in Oracle Database. These models are evaluated with respect to ease of SPARQL query formulation, join complexities, skewness in generated RDF data, query performance, and storage overhead. An experimental study with a real-life Twitter social network dataset on Oracle Database 12c demonstrates the feasibility of representing property graphs as RDF and presents a quantitative performance comparison of the proposed models.
What makes a good counsellor? An analysis of ways in which counsellor trainers construe good and bad counselling trainees

As part of an investigation into criteria used by counsellor trainers to distinguish between good and bad students of counselling, experienced counsellor trainers were asked to complete a repertory grid. Each trainer was asked to list five good counsellor trainees and five not so good or bad counselling trainees they had worked with, as elements for the grid. Repertory grid forms were provided by the researcher with spaces for ten constructs which were elicited from the trainers in the standard triadic manner. For each elicited construct subjects were asked to rate each trainee on a five point scale. Twenty-seven correctly completed grids were collected. The 262 constructs elicited were conflated into 22 semantically similar categories by the researcher and independent raters. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Services (SPSS). Overall the constructs that were most frequently used in describing trainees were open-closed, personable/aloof, secure-insecure, professionally skilled-unskilled. The mean differences for scores of good and bad trainees for each of the 22 conflated constructs were calculated. The greatest mean difference related to professional competence. The 22 conflated constructs were subsumed into three categories, and the mean of the difference between ratings for good and bad trainees within each category was calculated. Counselling related competence showed the greatest mean difference. Implications for counselling course curricula and the selection and assessment of counsellor trainees are discussed.
Rational self-interest and other orientation in organizational behavior: a critical appraisal and extension of Meglino and Korsgaard (2004).

B. M. Meglino and M. A. Korsgaard (2004) argued that rational self-interest varies across individuals and negatively relates to other orientation (OO). OO moderates effects of job characteristics on attitudes, motivation, and helping. Viewing organizations as social dilemmas in which employees face a mixture of competitive and cooperative incentives, the author argues in this article that strength of self-interest links to self-concern (SC), which should be distinguished from OO. SC and OO are orthogonal and unipolar. Implications are that some propositions by Meglino and Korsgaard need to be rewritten in terms of SC or OO, and that SC is predicted to moderate effects of self-related variables (e.g., job characteristics), whereas OO might moderate effects of social variables (e.g., team climate) on satisfaction, motivation, and helping. This also implies that when both SC and OO are strong (weak), individual- and group-level constructs are both (in)valid predictors of satisfaction, motivation, and helping.
Simulation and analysis of business processes using GOLOG

This paper describes a novel approach to simulating and analyzing business processes using GOLOG, a high-level logic programming language suitable for defining complex behaviors and capable of simulating action execution. The language is based on an extended version of the situation calculus and incorporates a formal theory of action. Business processes can be viewed as actions (physical or perceptual) that affect the state of affairs or an agent's knowledge of this state. Using GOLOG, business processes can be specified, synthesized and tested for feasibility and consistency. The theoretical framework behind GOLOG includes a solution to the frame problem for perceptual and complex actions, as well as, a formal method for process analysis. The latter uses a solution to the ramification problem for proving the satisfaction or violation of constraints. In case this is not possible, the method proposes strengthenings to the processes' pre- and post-conditions, so that any implementation that meets the process specification, provably guarantees that constraints will not be violated. In this manner, business process reengineering can be assisted by a formal analysis and simulation tool for testing the consistency of the process model.
Support Vector Machines based Part of Speech Tagging for Nepali Text

Optimal part-of-speech tagging have great importance in various field of natural language processing such as machine translation, information extraction, word sense disambiguation, speech recognition and others. Due to the special nature of the Nepali language, Tagset used and Size of the corpus (training data), getting accurate part-of-speech tagger is one of the challenging task. This study is oriented to build an analytical machine learning model based on which it can be possible to determine the attainable accuracy. To complete this task, the support vector machine based part-ofspeech tagger has been developed and tested for various instances of input to verify the accuracy level. The SVM tagger construct the feature vectors for each word in input and classify the word into one of two classes (One Vs Rest).
Environmental orientation in going green: A qualitative approach to consumer psychology and sociocultural factors of green consumption

Green consumption culture is gaining momentum on the part of both individuals and communities, and also is reflected in marketing strategies. This research aims to examine consumer psychology and external factors that underlie green consumption. Focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted to gather data to analyze consumer psychology and behavior. Focus groups and in-depth interviews are examples of qualitative approaches which contribute to drawing out information and understanding the deeper psychology of consumers. It was discovered that psychological, sociocultural, and product-related factors were the factors driving consumers' desire to participate in the green consumption culture.
Psychological Commitment and Its Effects on Post-Decision Evaluation and Preference Stability among Voters

High psychological commitment to a vote decision produces halo effects in the subsequent evaluation of election outcomes and is associated with greater preference stability. Among low commitment voters, preferences are more unstable and subject to less cognitive mediation. Social motivation moderates the influence of social versus personal outcomes in post-decision evaluation for high but not for low commitment voters.
Zhang. Et.al: Image Cosegmentation via Multi-task Learning Image Cosegmentation via Multi-task Learning

Image segmentation has been studied in computer vision for many years and yet it remains a challenging task. One major difficulty arises from the diversity of the foreground , which often results in ambiguity of background-foreground separation, especially when prior knowledge is missing. To overcome this difficulty, cosegmentation methods were proposed, where a set of images sharing some common foreground objects are segmented simultaneously. Different models have been employed for exploring such a prior of common foreground. In this paper, we propose to formulate the image cosegmentaion problem using a multi-task learning framework, where segmentation of each image is viewed as one task and the prior of shared foreground is modeled via the intrinsic relatedness among the tasks. Compared with other existing methods, the proposed approach is able to simultaneously segment more than two images with relatively low computational cost. The proposed formulation, with three different embodiments, is evaluated on two benchmark datasets, the CMU iCoseg dataset and the MSRC dataset, with comparison to leading existing methods. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Calibration of WindSat polarimetric channels with a vicarious cold reference

Absolute calibration of WindSat's third and fourth Stokes brightness temperatures (T/sub 3/ and T/sub 4/) is needed at the tenth of Kelvin level in order to adequately resolve their dependence on wind direction. Previous aircraft based fully polarimetric microwave radiometers have generally relied on "circle flights", during which a single area of the ocean is observed at all azimuth angles, to estimate residual biases in the calibration of its polarimetric channels. WindSat, the first spaceborne fully polarimetric microwave radiometer, operates in low Earth orbit and thus cannot execute this traditional calibration technique. A new method is presented to estimate the residual biases that are present in WindSat's T/sub 3/ and T/sub 4/ estimates. The method uses a vicarious cold reference brightness temperature applied to measurements made by WindSat at /spl plusmn/45/spl deg/ slant linear (T/sub P/ and T/sub M/) and left- and right-hand circular (T/sub L/ and T/sub R/) polarization. WindSat derives the third and fourth Stokes brightness temperatures by the differences T/sub P/-T/sub M/ and T/sub L/-T/sub R/, respectively. The method is demonstrated by applying it to the 10.7-GHz WindSat observations. Calibration biases of 0.2-0.6 K are determined with a precision of 0.04 K.
To Medicate or Not to Medicate? The Decision‐making Process of Western Australian Parents Following Their Child’s Diagnosis with an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

This article examines the decision‐making processes that Western Australian parents utilise when deciding whether to medicate or not to medicate their child diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Thirty‐three parents (five fathers and 28 mothers) from a wide range of socio‐economic status suburbs in Perth, Western Australia were interviewed. A grounded theory of “doing right by my child” emerged from the data. In seeking to be doing right by their child, parents move through the three distinct stages of grieving, cynicism, and proactive parenting. During the grieving process, parents come to terms with their child’s diagnosis. The grieving process comprises seven sub‐stages—those of denying the diagnosis, seeking alternative treatments, venting anger, experiencing emotional turmoil, expressing remorse, feeling depressed, and reaching a guarded acceptance. Although their ease of traverse through each of these first six sub‐stages is largely dependent on the level of support they receive, the majority of parents eventually reach a guarded acceptance of their child’s diagnosis and confront the issue of whether or not to medicate their child. In Stage 2 parents express their cynicism about society’s dichotomous attitude towards ADHD and the use of medication as a treatment option, and in Stage 3 they adopt a proactive approach to their parenting.
Beyond anonymity and the every-day: celebrity and the capture of educational leadership

This conceptual paper traces the development of the culture and capture of celebrity in the field of educational leadership. Drawing on Rojek’s (Celebrity. London: Reaktion Books, 2001) typology of celebrity, we examine the emergence of celebrity of leadership that is activated via the current policy environment that compels schools and school leaders to be recognised and well-known. It is this well-knownness that subsequently contributes to the school as a marketable commodity that “people like us” desire. We highlight the complex convergence of these two phenomena in our reading of the independent school sector in Victoria (Australia).
The Complexity of Near-Optimal Graph Coloring

Graph coloring problems, in which one would like to color the vertices of a given graph with a small number of colors so that no two adjacent vertices receive the same color, arise in many applications, including various scheduling and partitioning problems. In this paper the complexity and performance of algorithms which construct such colorings are investigated. For a graph G, let &khgr;(G) denote the minimum possible number of colors required to color G and, for any graph coloring algorithm A, let A(G) denote the number of colors used by A when applied to G. Since the graph coloring problem is known to be “NP-complete,” it is considered unlikely that any efficient algorithm can guarantee A(G) = &khgr;(G) for all input graphs. In this paper it is proved that even coming close to khgr;(G) with a fast algorithm is hard. Specifically, it is shown that if for some constant r < 2 and constant d there exists a polynomial-time algorithm A which guarantees A(G) ≤ r·&khgr;(G) + d, then there also exists a polynomial-time algorithm A which guarantees A(G) = &khgr;(G).
A multicast-anycast based protocol for trackerless BitTorrent

We propose a new decentralized signaling protocol based on multicast and anycast communications, that substitutes the centralized tracker required by classic BitTorrent implementation. The proposed solution allows to fully exploit the decentralized data sharing among BitTorrent peers, by maintaining all its benefits, without the need of the centralized tracker, the main point of failure of the BitTorrent classic architecture.
Acclimation Effects and Separate Opinion Writing in the U.S. Courts of Appeals

This article investigates the existence of a freshman effect on separate opinion authorship on the U.S. Courts of Appeals. First, we evaluate the extent to which freshman judges demonstrate unique behavior with respect to writing concurring and dissenting opinions. Second, we examine the potential for background factors to condition any freshman effect. Copyright (c) 2003 by the Southwestern Social Science Association.