Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HCF243 Encodes a Chloroplast-Localized Protein Involved in the D1 Protein Stability of the Arabidopsis Photosystem II Complex1[W][OA]

Numerous auxiliary nuclear factors have been identified to be involved in the dynamics of the photosystem II (PSII) complex. In this study, we characterized the high chlorophyll fluorescence243 (hcf243) mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which shows higher chlorophyll fluorescence and is severely deficient in the accumulation of PSII supercomplexes compared with the wild type. The amount of core subunits was greatly decreased, while the outer antenna subunits and other subunits were hardly affected in hcf243. In vivo protein-labeling experiments indicated that the synthesis rate of both D1 and D2 proteins decreased severely in hcf243, whereas no change was found in the rate of other plastid-encoded proteins. Furthermore, the degradation rate of the PSII core subunit D1 protein is higher in hcf243 than in the wild type, and the assembly of PSII is retarded significantly in the hcf243 mutant. HCF243, a nuclear gene, encodes a chloroplast protein that interacts with the D1 protein. HCF243 homologs were identified in angiosperms with one or two copies but were not found in lower plants and prokaryotes. These results suggest that HCF243, which arose after the origin of the higher plants, may act as a cofactor to maintain the stability of D1 protein and to promote the subsequent assembly of the PSII complex.
Chromosome‐based method for rapid computer simulation in human genetic linkage analysis

Computer‐based simulation has been an important method in human linkage analysis for a long time. Typically, such analyses have been performed by simulating a set of linked markers according to the intermarker recombination fractions, under the assumption of no genetic interference. A novel approach is proposed in which such simulations can be performed using chromosome‐based methods, rather than traditional recombination fraction‐based methods. We propose simulating pedigree data using a crossover formation (CF) process to generate the number of crossovers and their locations in Morgans along the entire length of a chromosome. By this method, one can generate simulated multilocus data for any number of loci on a chromosome much more efficiently than with the currently available methods like those used in the SLINK or SIMLINK programs. Further, interference can be incorporated directly in this method, which is not possible with existing packages. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Rural/Urban Differences in the Distribution of Eating Disorder Symptoms among Adolescents from Community Samples

Objective: Rural/urban differences in the prevalence of mental disorders have often been reported in the last 30 years, among others in the distribution of eating disorder symptoms and suicide rates. The role of sex, age and socioeconomic status in the differences by place of residence has often been neglected in past studies. Method: Two independent community samples of students (mean age=17.4 years, SD=1.4), taken from among those attending high school in an urban district (Cagliari; n=817) and in a rural one (Carbonia; n=507) of south Sardinia, Italy, were invited to fill in the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), the Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh (BITE), the Body Attitudes Test (BAT) and the revised Hopkins Symptom checklist (SCL-90-R). Results: Female students scored higher than male students on all inventories. In male participants, the scores on the EAT were higher in the urban than in the rural sample. Conversely, in both male and female students the rural sample reported higher scores on the BITE symptoms subscale. When the comparison was confined to the fraction of those who scored higher than the suggested cut-off on the EAT and the BITE, students in the urban sample outnumbered those in the rural sample. No other differences were found. Socioeconomic status and age did not influence the differences in the reporting of eating disorder symptoms by place of residence. Conclusions: Although caution is required when reading the findings drawn from self-report instruments, it is evident that the factors influencing the distribution of eating disorder symptoms and their psychological correlates by place of residence are far more complex than currently thought.
Specific Enzymic Methylation of an Arginine in the Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis Protein from Human Myelin

A cytoplasmic enzyme from guinea pig brain was shown to transfer methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine to only one of 19 arginine residues in the basic protein from human brain. The products were ω-N-monomethylarginine and ω-N,N'-dimethylarginine. These methylated arginines are adjacent to the main encephalitogenic determinant in the protein. Methylation may aid in the transfer of this region of the protein into the nonpolar environment within myelin and in maintaining the integrity of myelin.
Electronic Medical Record (EMR) technology acceptance by healthcare professionals in South Africa

South Africa is in the process of implementing a multi-billion Rand National Healthcare Insurance (NHI) strategy, the objective of which is cost effective healthcare service delivery to all South Africans. An electronic health record (EHR) system will form a vital component of the infrastructure that needs to be put into place for managing healthcare services. A brief review of the literature reveals that in the healthcare sector, even though high-end technology and detailed planning were incorporated during Electronic Medical Record (EMR) roll-out at the healthcare hospitals and clinics, it is impossible to predict whether the system would be optimally utilised or not. The primary reason is that there exists some kind of resistance amongst healthcare professional towards the use of the EMR systems. Thus, managing the transformation from a paper-based to an electronic system is a complex process and it highlights the importance of understanding the human aspect associated with the technology rollout and system utilisation. Since the South African health care sector is in the preliminary stage of introducing EMR technology, it is deemed essential to gain an understanding of the human factors that will contribute to the successful adoption of the EMR system countrywide. With this in mind, this research study aimed at gaining an understanding of the perceptions of EMR technology implementation and use among healthcare personnel. It focuses on aspects related to the type of technological system deployed, user skills and organisational compatibility. It also aims to find possible solutions that will directly influence the healthcare professionals in either accepting or rejecting the technology.
Corn salad (Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr.) growth in a water-saving floating system as affected by iron and sulfate availability.

BACKGROUND Unbalanced nutrient availability causes disequilibrated plant growth, which can result in a worsening of harvested product quality, such as high nitrate content in edible tissues. To cope with this problem, improved knowledge of the mechanisms involved in nutrient acquisition and regulation is necessary. For this purpose the responses of acquisition mechanisms of N, Fe and S were studied as a function of Fe and S availability using two corn salad cultivars grown hydroponically, considering also aspects related to N metabolism. RESULTS The results showed that an increase in Fe or S availability enhanced nitrate uptake and assimilation, which in turn increased biomass production of leaves with lower nitrate content. In particular, high S availability exerted a positive effect (gene expression and functionality) both on the uptake and metabolism of N and on Fe acquisition mechanisms. CONCLUSION The data presented here show close interactions between N, S and Fe, highlighting that relevant improvements in yield and quality from soilless culture might also be obtained through appropriate adjustments of nutrient availability. In this respect, concerning the role of S in the acquisition mechanisms of N and Fe and in N metabolism, its level of availability should be taken into high consideration for equilibrated plant growth.
Clustered table-based macromodels for RTL power estimation

Macromodeling is considered the most effective approach to RTL power estimation. Among the macromodels presented in the literature, table-based ones have overcome some of the limitations of conventional, equation-based solutions. In this paper we propose some enhancements to the basic implementation of table-based macromodels that improve the estimation accuracy while preserving the intrinsic robustness.
Active transport of Fe59 by everted segments of rat duodenum.

Everted gut sacs prepared from segments of the proximal small intestine of rats transport Fe59 from the mucosal to the serosal surfaces against concentration gradients in vitro . The active transport mechanism is dependent upon oxidative metabolism and the generation of phosphate-bond energy, and is limited in capacity. The active transport process is maximal in the region of the small intestine immediately distal to the pylorus and diminishes with more distal segments of the gut. Addition of ascorbic acid to the incubation medium markedly increases the active transport of Fe59 in vitro .
Chapter 2 Understanding of Noncovalent Interactions Involving Organic Fluorine

Due to the unpredictable nature of organic fluorine in its participation in the formation of different supramolecular motifs which concomitantly influences the physicochemical properties of the compounds of interest, the study of noncovalent interactions involving organic fluorine will always be an expanding area of research amongst the scientific community. The participation of organic fluorine in the formation of intermolecular interactions has always been questioned. In this book chapter, we provide insights into new structural features, nature, and energetics associated with intermolecular interactions, namely C–H···F–C, C–F···F–C, C–F···X (N, O, S, halogen) from researchers across the world. The studies show that interactions involving fluorine are ubiquitous and play a central role in the existence of diversified solid state properties, namely polymorphism, crystal engineering, and cocrystallization.
Endogenous factors derived from embryonic cortex regulate proliferation and neuronal differentiation of postnatal subventricular zone cell cultures

In rodents, the subventricular zone (SVZ) harbours neural stem cells that proliferate and produce neurons throughout life. Previous studies showed that factors released by the developing cortex promote neurogenesis in the embryonic ventricular zone. In the present report, we studied in the rat the possible involvement of endogenous factors derived from the embryonic cortex in the regulation of the development of postnatal SVZ cells. To this end, SVZ neurospheres were maintained with explants or conditioned media (CM) prepared from embryonic day (E) 13, E16 or early postnatal cortex. We demonstrate that early postnatal cortex‐derived factors have no significant effect on SVZ cell proliferation or differentiation. In contrast, E13 and E16 cortex release diffusible, heat‐labile factors that promote SVZ cell expansion through increased proliferation and reduced cell death. In addition, E16 cortex‐derived factors stimulate neuronal differentiation in both early postnatal and adult SVZ cultures. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐2‐ but not epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐immunodepletion drastically reduces the mitogenic effect of E16 cortex CM, hence suggesting a major role of endogenous FGF‐2 released by E16 cortex in the stimulation of SVZ cell proliferation. The evidence we provide here for the regulation of SVZ cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation by endogenous factors released from embryonic cortex may be of major importance for brain repair research.
Nucleic Acids Research

The spatial arrangement of nucleosomes in rat liver chromatin has been examined using the electric birefringence technique. All chromatin subunits studied (up to 9 consecutive nucleosomes) contain their full complement of the five histone types associated with about 200 base pairs repeat length DNA. From the relaxation times and the orientation mechanisms, the nucleosome may be assimilated to an oblate ellipsoid of dimensions about 140 x 140 x 70 A and the DNA superhelical axis is parallel to its shorter axis. The most important result is a sharp transition in the electro-optical properties of subunits when the number of nucleosomes in the chain is greater than 6 : the initial negative birefringence, as for DNA, becomes positive and the relaxation time is multiplied by ten. The hexanucleosome, which presents no birefringence, has an helical symmetrical structure without preferential orientation axis. This structure is approximatively spherical of about 250 A diameter and the chromatin appears as a periodic array of such a structure.
Linear Function Computation in Networks: Duality and Constant Gap Results

In linear function computation, multiple source nodes communicate across a relay network to a single destination whose goal is to recover linear functions of the original source data. When the relay network is a linear deterministic network, a duality relation is established between function computation and broadcast with common messages. Using this relation, a compact sufficient condition is found describing those cases where the cut-set bound is tight. These insights are used to develop results for the case where the relay network contains Gaussian multiple-access channels. The proposed scheme decouples the physical and network layers. Using lattice codes for both source quantization and computation in the physical layer, the original Gaussian sources are converted into discrete sources and the Gaussian network into a linear deterministic network. Network codes for computing functions of discrete sources across the deterministic network are then found by applying the duality relation. The distortion for computing the sum of an arbitrary number of independent Gaussian sources over the Gaussian network is proven to be within a constant factor of the optimal performance. Furthermore, the constant factor results are extended to include asymmetric functions for the case of two sources.
Determinants of Recent Trade Flows in OECD Countries: Evidence from Gravity Panel Data Models

This paper aims to identify the main causes of recent trade flows in OECD countries. The specific features of the study include the explicit introduction of R&D and FDI as the two important explanatory variables, unit root tests in the panel data framework and careful treatment of endogeneity. The main findings are that the levels and similarities of market size, domestic R&D stock and inward FDI stock are positively related to the volume of bilateral trade, while the distance between trading countries has a negative impact. These findings lend support to new trade, FDI and economic growth theories.
Optimal Investment in Age-Structured Goodwill

Segmentation is a core strategy in modern marketing, and age-specific segmentation based on the age of the consumers is very common in practice. Age-specific segmentation enables the change of the segments composition during time and can be studied only by means of dynamic advertising models. Here we assume that a firm wants to optimally promote and sell a single product in an age-segmented market and we model the awareness of this product using an infinite dimensional Nerlove-Arrow goodwill as a state variable. Assuming an infinite time horizon, we use some dynamic programming techniques in infinite dimension to characterize both the optimal advertising effort and the optimal goodwill path in the long run. An interesting feature of the optimal advertising effort is an anticipation effect with respect to the segments considered in the target market, due to time evolution of the segmentation. We analyze this effect in two different scenarios: in the first, the decision makers can choose the advertising flow directed to different age segments at different times, while in the second they can only decide the activation level of an advertising medium with a given age-spectrum.
Three Dimensional Volume Measurement of Mouse Abdominal Fat in Magnetic Resonance Images

Obesity adversely affects the health of people. Therapeutics against obesity could be validated by measuring the change of body fat tissues repeatedly in magnetic resonance (MR) images. In this study, an accurate method for three dimensional (3D) volume measurement of abdominal fat tissue has been developed for mouse MR images. The MR image was acquired by gradient echo technique and preprocessed by low pass filtering. 3D images were segmented by three-level adaptive thresholding based on the intensity histogram. Small objects were removed by erosion followed by binary reconstruction. Fat tissues were separated by ultimate erosion and individual labeling in 3D, followed by conditional dilation. Abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat tissues were interactively classified and compared to manually obtained ground truth images. Measurement accuracy was greater than 83.4% for total body fat and 81.9% for abdominal visceral fat, showing the feasibility of routinely measuring the specific component of body fats in mice.
Increased Hepatic Cell Proliferation and Lung Abnormalities in Mice Deficient in CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein α*

CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) is a transcription factor that has been implicated in the regulation of cell-specific gene expression mainly in hepatocytes and adipocytes but also in several other terminally differentiated cells. It has been previously demonstrated that the C/EBPα protein is functionally indispensable, as inactivation of the C/EBPα gene by homologous recombination in mice results in the death of animals homozygous for the mutation shortly after birth (Wang, N., Finegold, M. J., Bradley, A., Ou, C. N., Abdelsayed, S. V., Wilde, M. D., Taylor, L. R., Wilson, D. R., and Darlington, G. J. (1995) Science 269, 1108-1112). Here we show that C/EBPα −1−mice have defects in the control of hepatic growth and lung development. The liver architecture is disturbed, with acinar formation, in a pattern suggestive of either regenerating liver or pseudoglandular hepatocellular carcinoma. Pulmonary histology shows hyperproliferation of type II pneumocytes and disturbed alveolar architecture. At the molecular level, accumulation of glycogen and lipids in the liver and adipose tissues is impaired, and the mutant animals are severely hypoglycemic. Levels of c-myc and c-jun RNA are specifically induced by several fold in the livers of the C/EBPα −/− animals, indicating an active proliferative stage. Furthermore, immunohistologic detection with an antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen/cyclin shows a 5-10 times higher frequency of positively stained hepatocytes in C/EBPα −/− liver. These results suggest a critical role for C/EBPα in vivo for the acquisition of terminally differentiated functions in liver including the maintenance of physiologic energy homeostasis.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus pumilus BA06, a Producer of Alkaline Serine Protease with Leather-Dehairing Function

ABSTRACT Bacillus pumilus BA06 was isolated from the proteinaceous soil and produced an extracellular alkaline protease with leather-dehairing function. The genome of BA06 was sequenced. The comparative genome analysis indicated that strain BA06 is different in genome from the other B. pumilus strains, with limited insertions, deletions, and rearrangements.
Smart grid distribution prediction and control using computational intelligence

Smart-grid systems (SGS) may comprise distributed generation, automated demand response, mega-watt scale batteries, and a variety of other utility energy resources and programs. Their physical characteristics and operating flexibility within the distribution grid introduce new challenges to solving the power economic dispatch (PED) problem. Good operation of an SGS requires efficient use of available assets over both the short and long-term. Ideally resources will be scheduled and dispatched to equal loads (demand) in an optimal way, i.e., at the lowest cost, taking into account the differing operating constraints of assets and the changing conditions of the system and its environment. An experimental intelligent controller has been developed as part of the Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration (PNWSGD) project to address SGS demand-dependent non-linear cost functions, microgrid reliability zone constraints, and dynamic availability states. The controller is embedded within an existing utility control system that provides real time, historical, and forecast data used to predict energy demand for the next 72 hours and to create a near-optimal dispatch schedule for the next 24 hours. Both demand forecasts and schedules are updated every 5 minutes. The modularity of the controller architecture allows for a variety of load forecast and dispatch optimization tools and methods to be used; the current version uses computational intelligence, specifically neural networks. Its generality and versatility provides guidance for development of intelligent controllers adaptable and scalable to a variety of SGS applications.
Guideline for the Treatment of Breakthrough and the Prevention of Refractory Chemotherapy‐Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Children With Cancer

This clinical practice guideline provides an approach to the treatment of breakthrough chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and the prevention of refractory CINV in children. It was developed by an international, interprofessional panel and is based on systematic literature reviews. Evidence‐based interventions for the treatment of breakthrough and prophylaxis of refractory CINV are recommended. Gaps in the evidence used to support the recommendations made in this clinical practice guideline were identified. The contribution of these recommendations to breakthrough and refractory CINV control in children requires prospective evaluation.
Mothers’ Implicit and Explicit Attitudes and Attributions in Relation to Self-Reported Parenting Behavior

SYNOPSIS Objective. Parenting behavior is presumed to be related to the thoughts about child behavior that parents report in a controlled and explicit manner and to more implicit parent cognitions that occur outside of conscious awareness and are less accessible to verbal report. Design. We examined mothers’ attitudes toward their children as correlates of self-reported parenting behavior. We used a combination of a self-report questionnaire and a reaction-time method (the Implicit Association Test) to assess explicit and implicit attitudes, respectively. We also assessed mothers’ implicit and explicit attributions for child misbehavior in relation to parenting, using a questionnaire measure of attributions completed under high-cognitive load (implicit attributions) or under low-cognitive load (explicit attributions). Mothers of 124, 6- to 10-year-olds (52% male) participated. Results. Attitudes assessed by self-report questionnaire and the Implicit Association Test were uniquely associated with negative parenting. The cognitive load manipulation moderated associations between attributions and parenting, such that child-blaming attributions were inversely associated with positive parenting only under conditions of high-cognitive load. Conclusions. Compared to traditional self-report questionnaires, methods such as the Implicit Association Test or cognitive load manipulations may more effectively assess implicit parent cognitions.