Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibodies to GAD in Elderly Patients With Previously Diagnosed NIDDM

Clinical significance of seropositivity for antibodies to GAD (anti-GAD) has been extensively investigated in middle-aged patients with NIDDM (1,2). To our knowledge, however, there have been no studies on the prevalence and clinical significance of anti-GAD in elderly patients with NIDDM, despite the fact that the number of elderly diabetic patients is increasing. Thus, we examined anti-GAD by a radioimmunoprecipitation assay with recombinant human GAD65 (3) in 183 consecutive elderly patients (78 men and 105 women) ^65 years old (mean age, 72.3 ±6.1 years) with previously diagnosed NIDDM. The prevalence of anti-GAD in elderly patients with NIDDM was 5.5% (10 of 183). It was 9.2% (7 of 76) in insulinrequiring NIDDM and 2.8% (3 of 107) in NIDDM well controlled by diet and/or oral hypoglycemic agents. Impaired pancreatic P-cell function was a major clinical characteristic of insulin-requiring elderly patients with NIDDM who were positive for anti-GAD (anti-GAD) compared with those negative for anti-GAD (anti-GAD"") (fasting plasma C-peptide, 0.12 ± 0.10 vs. 0.56 ± 0.39 nmol/1, respectively; P < 0.01 by unpaired Students t test), as is observed in middle-aged anti-GAD NIDDM patients (4). Interestingly, seropositivity for anti-GAD alone was not predictive of the later development of insulin deficiency in elderly patients with NIDDM, but a genetic factor (HLA-DRB1) might also be a prognostic indicator in elderly anti-GAD NIDDM patients (Table 1). In brief, antiGAD elderly NIDDM patients with DRBl*0405 and/or DRBl*0901, alleles that are associated with susceptibility to IDDM (5), tended to develop insulin deficiency within a short period. Even insulinrequiring anti-GAD elderly NIDDM patients without those alleles developed insulin deficiency after a long period. In contrast, (3-cell function was preserved in two patients with the DRB 1*1502 allele, which protects against IDDM. In conclusion, anti-GAD appeared to be a useful marker for predicting later development of insulin deficiency in elderly NIDDM patients and for determining their appropriate treatment when insulin is required because of secondary failure of sulfonylurea agents, which occurs in elderly as well as younger patients.
Production Interference of Hydraulically Fractured Hydrocarbon Wells: New Tools for Optimization of Productivity and Economic Performance of Parent and Child Wells

The present study provides a comprehensive set of new analytical expressions to help understand and quantify well interference due to competition for flow space between the hydraulic fractures of parent and child wells. Determination of the optimum fracture spacing is a key factor to improve the economic performance of unconventional oil and gas resources developed with multi-well pads. Analytical and numerical model results are combined in our study to identify, analyze, and visualize the streamline patterns near hydraulic fractures, using physical parameters that control the flow process, such as matrix permeability, hydraulic fracture dimensions and assuming infinite fracture conductivity. The algorithms provided can quantify the effect of changes in fracture spacing on the production performance of both parent and child wells. All results are based on benchmarked analytical methods which allow for fast computation, making use of Excel-based spreadsheets and Matlab-coded scripts. Such practical tools can support petroleum engineers in the planning of field development operations. The theory is presented with examples of its practical application using field data from parent and child wells in the Eagle Ford shale (Brazos County, East Texas). Based on our improved understanding of the mechanism and intensity of production interference, the fracture spacing (this study) and inter-well spacing (companion study) of multi-fractured horizontal laterals can be optimized to effectively stimulate the reservoir volume to increase the overall recovery factor and improve the economic performance of unconventional oil and gas properties.
USING CORPORATE VENTURE CAPITAL TO SOURCE INNOVATION

Recent academic attention on corporate venture capital has focused on the investing firm’s learning benefits or financial returns. This paper suggests different characteristics of ventures that can provide either exploratory or exploitative learning. More important is that other strategic benefits may be more prevalent than learning. In particular, firms invest in ventures that are suppliers, perhaps to increase their bargaining power over a key resource provider. Still other investing firms seek to defer commitment under high uncertainty about the success of the technology. In each case, CVC is used as a tool to help the firm source innovation.
Prostate cancer localization with multispectral MRI based on Relevance Vector Machines

Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death for men. However, early detection before cancer spreads beyond the prostate can reduce the mortality. Therefore, invivo imaging techniques play an important role to localize the prostate cancer for treatment. Although Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been proposed to localize prostate cancer, the studies on automated localization with multispectral MRI have been limited. In this study we propose combining the pharmacokinetic parameters derived from DCE MRI with T2 MRI and DWI. We also propose to use Relevance Vector Machines (RVM) for automatic prostate cancer localization, compare its performance to Support Vector Machines (SVM) and show that RVM can produce more accurate and more efficient segmentation results than SVM for automated prostate cancer localization with multispectral MRI.
Injection locking in distributed feedback semiconductor lasers

Injection locking properties of distributed feedback semiconductor lasers are studied systematically. Due to the high side mode suppression, these devices show different locking properties when compared to lasers with Fabry-Perot structures. The main result is the identification of four regimes for different injection levels. In particular, a symmetrical locking band at low optical injection level is confirmed. The presence of this symmetrical band can be exploited in some applications. As examples, the measurement of the linewidth enhancement factor and the phase-shift-keying modulation capability are reported. >
Antitumor effect of sunitinib in human prostate cancer cells functions via autophagy

The aim of the present study was to explore sunitinib-induced autophagic effects and the specific molecular mechanisms involved, in vitro, using PC-3 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cell lines. Cells were exposed to escalating doses of sunitinib treatment and subsequent cell viability and cell cycle analyses were performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of sunitinib in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining of microtubule associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) puncta was employed to assess autophagy levels after sunitinib treatment. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate variations in the levels of LC3, sequestosome-1, extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and cleaved caspase-3 proteins. The present study revealed that sunitinib treatment inhibited cell growth and triggered autophagy in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines. In addition, sunitinib activated ERK1/2 and inhibited mTOR/p70S6K signaling. Sunitinib-induced autophagy was notably reversed by ERK1/2 kinase inhibitor, U0126. Furthermore, inhibition of sunitinib-induced autophagy by 3-methyladenine enhanced apoptosis and exhibited improved cell viability, which indicated that sunitinib induces not only apoptosis but also autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cell lines. These results may lead to an improved understanding of the mechanism of sunitinib's cytotoxic action and may provide evidence that combined sunitinib autophagy-regulating treatment may be of benefit to anti-prostate cancer therapy.
Isolating Metamemory Deficits in the Self-Regulated Learning of Adults With ADHD

ADHD in adulthood is associated with chronic academic impairments and problems with strategic memory encoding on standardized memory assessments, but little is known about self-regulated learning that might guide intervention. Objective: Examine the contribution of metamemory judgment accuracy and use of learning strategies to self-regulated learning in adults with ADHD, focusing on the use of self-testing. Method: A total of 34 adults with ADHD and 34 matched controls predicted their memory performance and regulated their learning of paired associates. Results: Adults with ADHD were as accurate as controls at predicting memory performance, despite remembering fewer words. By observation and self-report, they were less likely to use self-testing to learn the pairs. Conclusion: Across groups, self-testing was associated with significantly better recall and largely accounted for differences between diagnostic groups. Adults with ADHD often failed to employ a strategy that was associated with improved memory, identifying an intervention target that may improve self-regulated learning.
Emotion Science Needs to Account for the Social World

Emotions are complex processes that are constrained by biology, but not fully explained without taking into account the social context in which they develop. Mapping these contexts, and understanding how and under which conditions they shape emotions, is an essential task for the science of emotions; a task that—at least in psychology—has been neglected. The three commentaries each offer some interesting reflections on exactly this task.
EXPLORING DIFFERENT ACCOUNTS: DEPTH INTERVIEWS VERSUS SELF-ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRES IN STRATEGY AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH

Purpose – This paper reflects on how does the mode, in which we ask questions, affect the responses? It explores the differences between the responses to the same questions obtained through two different modes – depth interviews and self-administered questionnaires (SAQs). Approach – This paper is based on a series of serendipitous but enlightening insights that were obtained while conducting research that sought to examine the drivers of corporate environmentalism in firms based in Eastern and Western economies. The methodology adopted in the research project involved conducting depth interviews with senior-most managers in business organizations in India (Eastern) and New Zealand (Western). The insights that form the basis for this paper were gained when some managers treated the list of questions in the interview guide as a structured open-ended questionnaire and sent back detailed written responses. Findings – This paper reports that the written responses obtained through SAQs in this project were different both in form and content; they were staid, reserved, cliched and aimed at being politically correct. In contrast the responses to the same question asked in the interviews were open and candid admissions. Interview responses stood up to the triangulation tests, while the written responses did not. These differences were particularly evident in the eastern context. Research implications – While both SAQs and interviews are prone to social desirability bias, this paper suggests that there is a greater opportunity to reduce social desirability bias in interviews. This is especially true if a trained interviewer can convince the participants of the credibility, importance and legitimacy of the study. Originality/value – This paper contributes in two important ways:1.It addresses the issue of how responses to the same question differ across SAQs and depth interviews in strategy and management research.2. It also examines whether this effect differs across Eastern and Western organizational contexts.
GMM with Multiple Missing Variables

Summary We consider efficient estimation in moment conditions models with non-monotonically missing-at-random (MAR) variables. A version of MAR point-identifies the parameters of interest and gives a closed-form efficient influence function that can be used directly to obtain efficient semi-parametric generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators under standard regularity conditions. A small-scale Monte Carlo experiment with MAR instrumental variables demonstrates that the asymptotic superiority of these estimators over the standard methods carries over to finite samples. An illustrative empirical study of the relationship between a child's years of schooling and number of siblings indicates that these GMM estimators can generate results with substantive differences from standard methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity In Spatially Variable Fields Using Neural Network Ensembles

Modeling contaminant and water flow through soil requires accurate estimates of soil hydraulic properties in field scale. Although artificial neural networks (ANNs) based pedotransfer functions (PTFs) have been successfully adopted in modeling soil hydraulic properties at larger scales (national, continental, and intercontinental), the utility of ANNs in modeling saturated hydraulic conductivity (K s ) at a smaller (field) scale has rarely been reported. Hence, the objectives of this study are (i) to investigate the applicability of neural networks in estimating K s at field scales, (ii) to compare the performance of the field-scale PTFs with the published neural networks program Rosetta, and (iii) to compare the performance of two different ensemble methods, namely Bagging and Boosting in estimating K s . Datasets from two distinct sites are considered in the study. The performances of the models were evaluated when only sand, silt, and clay content (SSC) were used as inputs, and when SSC and bulk density ρ b (SSC+ ρ b ) were used as inputs. For both datasets, the field scale models performed better than Rosetta. The comparison of field-scale ANN models employing bagging and boosting algorithms indicates that the neural network model employing the boosting algorithm results in better generalization by reducing both the bias and variance of the neural network models.
Preschool teachers' beliefs about children's print literacy development

Beliefs have often been considered important because of their relation to practice. Little is known about the literacy beliefs of preschool teachers, particularly their print literacy beliefs, even though young children's experiences with print have implications for formal schooling. Therefore, this study explored the print literacy beliefs of preschool teachers in a large multicultural area of central Canada. Interviews were conducted with eight preschool teachers based on a previous study in Australia. There were five themes that emerged from this research: uncertainty and variation in beliefs about how and when children learn to read and to write; isolation from other preschools and limited access to professional literacy knowledge; the importance of parent involvement in children's literacy development and the need to inform; increased literacy knowledge required; and variation in practices for fostering print literacy development. This study has important implications for preschool teaching as well as for educators of preschool teachers.
Autocatalytic Replication of Polymers Revisited

A simple computational model for the emergence of autocatalytic sets as described in (Farmer et al., 1986) is reimplemented. Results are found to generally agree with the major theme in the original work: increasing the initial pol ymer variety in a toy chemical soup scenario increases the likelihood that a complex autocatalytic set will suddenly bootstrap itself into existence. Quantitatively, however, cri tical probabilities derived from this careful re-implementatio n are very much higher than those reported in the original work. A full resolution is not reached, but a theoretical argument supports the simulation results gained in this instance.
Nucleation Dynamics of Water Nanodroplets

Abstract The origin of the condensation of water begins at the nanoscale, a length-scale that is challenging to probe for liquids. In this work we directly image heterogeneous nucleation of water nanodroplets by in situ transmission electron microscopy. Using gold nanoparticles bound to a flat surface as heterogeneous nucleation sites, we observe nucleation and growth of water nanodroplets. The growth of nanodroplet radii follows the power law: R(t)~(t−t 0) β , where β~0.2−0.3.
Context Awareness via GSM Signal Strength Fluctuation ?

In this paper we demonstrate how a cell phone can infer contextual information such as mode of travel by monitoring the fluctuation of GSM signal strength levels and neighbouring cell information. We show that these signals are stable enough to reliably distinguish between various states of movement such as walking, travelling in a motor car and remaining still. We present preliminary results for a metropolitan environment.
Problematisierungsformen sozialpädagogischer Praxis: eine empirische Annährung an Einstellungen zu sozialen Problemen und ihrer Bearbeitung

Recent debates have focused on changes in the explanation and construction of social problems. These debates are obviously not only relevant for criminal justice institutions but also for institutions of social work that are addressing social problems. It is particularly important to examine attitudes of those who in the near future will construct and manage social problems. An empirical study of students of social work (social pedagogy) was conducted in order to probe their views on the causes of social problems. Five styles of problem-construction and four styles of intervention were found amongst this group. The results showed strong support for intervention s aimed at increasing social justice. However, considerable numbers of students also favoured perspectives that used more often individualising explanations of social problems, and preferred more punitive styles of interventions. Related to this attitudinal pattern is a critical attitude towards social welfare and systems of social security Dollinger/Raithel: Problematisierungsformen 93
In search of models in speech communication research

This paper first presents the author’s personal view on the importance of modeling in scientific research in general, and then describes two of his works toward modeling certain aspects of human speech communication. The first work is concerned with the physiological and physical mechanisms of controlling the voice fundamental frequency of speech, which is an important parameter for expressing information on tone, accent, and intonation. The second work is concerned with the cognitive processes involved in a discrimination test of speech stimuli, which gives rise to the phenomenon of so-called categorical perception. They are meant to illustrate the power of models based on deep understanding and precise formulation of the functions of the mechanisms/processes that underlie observed phenomena. Finally, it also presents the author’s view on some models that are yet to be developed.
Optimization of lipids production by Cryptococcus laurentii 11 using cheese whey with molasses

This study aimed the optimization of culture condition and composition for production of Cryptococcus laurentii 11 biomass and lipids in cheese whey medium supplemented with sugarcane molasses. The optimization of pH, fermentation time, and molasses concentration according to a full factorial statistical experimental design was followed by a Plackett-Burman experimental design, which was used to determine whether the supplementation of the culture medium by yeast extract and inorganic salts could provide a further enhancement of lipids production. The following conditions and composition of the culture medium were found to optimize biomass and lipids production: 360 h fermentation, 6.5 pH and supplementation of (g L−1): 50 molasses, 0.5 yeast extract, 4 KH2PO4, 1 Na2HPO4, 0.75 MgSO4·7H2O and 0.002 ZnSO4·H2O. Additional supplementation with inorganic salts and yeast extract was essential to optimize the production, in terms of product concentration and productivity, of neutral lipids by C. laurentii 11. Under this optimized condition, the production of total lipids increased by 133% in relation to control experiment (from 1.27 to 2.96 g L−1). The total lipids indicated a predominant (86%) presence of neutral lipids with high content of 16- and 18-carbon-chain saturated and monosaturated fatty acids. This class of lipids is considered especially suitable for the production of biodiesel.
Modelling Linkage Disequilibrium , And Identifying Recombination Hotspots Using SNP Data

We introduce a new statistical model for patterns of Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) among multiple SNPs in a population sample. The model overcomes limitations of existing approaches to understanding, summarizing, and interpreting LD by (i) relating patterns of LD directly to the underlying recombination process; (ii) considering all loci simultaneously, rather than pairwise; (iii) avoiding the assumption that LD necessarily has a “block-like” structure; and (iv) being computationally tractable for huge genomic regions (up to complete chromosomes). We examine in detail one natural application of the model: estimation of underlying recombination rates from population data. Using simulation, we show that in the case where recombination is assumed constant across the region of interest, recombination rate estimates based on our model are competitive with the very best of current available methods. More importantly, we demonstrate, on real and simulated data, the potential of the model to help identify and quantify fine-scale variation in recombination rate from population data. We also outline how the model could be useful in other contexts, such as in the development of more efficient haplotype-based methods for LD mapping.
Task Models for Intention-Aware Systems

Intention-aware systems integrate aspects of context-aware and attention- aware systems for the identification and support of intention. Focusing intention is justified by the impact of intention on awareness and interaction with the world. There- fore, proactive user support mechanisms can be improved by including a representation of intention. In this paper, the externalization of intention in task models is discussed: existing task models are reviewed and activity schemes are proposed as task model for intention-aware systems. A framework for intention-aware systems is presented and discussed in detail.
Defining and quantifying the social phenotype in autism.

OBJECTIVE Genetic and neurofunctional research in autism has highlighted the need for improved characterization of the core social disorder defining the broad spectrum of syndrome manifestations. METHOD This article reviews the advantages and limitations of current methods for the refinement and quantification of this highly heterogeneous social phenotype. RESULTS The study of social visual pursuit by use of eye-tracking technology is offered as a paradigm for novel tools incorporating these requirements and as a research effort that builds on the emerging synergy of different branches of social neuroscience. CONCLUSIONS Advances in the area will require increased consideration of processes underlying experimental results and a closer approximation of experimental methods to the naturalistic demands inherent in real-life social situations.