Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing online identity and diverse social networks on Facebook

This paper reports research that examined use of Facebook to (consciously or unconsciously) create an online identity. An online survey (N=752) was conducted during Phase 1 of the research. Results of Phase 1 informed Phase 2 where 18 active Facebook users (aged 21-57) engaged in interviews and verbal protocols. The qualitative component is reported here to give voice to active Facebook users and provide insights into the decisions that underpin their use of the Facebook site. The tools used by participants to create an online identity (or make judgments about others) are explored and include status updates, posting photographs and joining groups/pages. Data revealed adult users successfully manage their online identity and provide effective models for adolescents, particularly in relation to the management of diverse social networks where social, family and professional lives merge online.
Is Riker Right? - Explaining Preferences for Common Defence

Survey results show a broad support for a common European defence policy. The causes for this observation, however, are ambiguous. Therfore, two competing hypotheses are tested: the preferences for common defence can be explained either i. ) by public demand for security or ii. ) by ideological factors. Using multilevel modelling, no empirical evidence is found that the Europeanisation of defence is driven by voters' quest for security. Instead, public opinion on common defence can be explained quite well by Europhilia and anti-Americanism.
Airline Passenger Loyalty

The current study contributes to the extant literature by illustrating that airlines can enhance passenger (customer) satisfaction and loyalty by focusing on the enhancement of those aspects of the pre-flight and in-flight service experience over which they have direct control. The results indicate that airline passenger perceived pre-flight service quality and perceived in-flight service quality are distinct aspects of airline service quality that have independent and positive direct effects on airline passenger satisfaction. Moreover, perceived pre-flight service quality had a substantive, positive impact on airline passenger loyalty. Our findings illustrate the importance of airline pre-flight service quality and highlight the focal role that customer perceptions of pre-experience service quality (e.g., pre-experience communication, procedures, and interactions) play in the enhancement of customer satisfaction and fostering customer loyalty.
What Is the Significance of a Significant TDT?

This note summarizes the development of the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT). The initial purpose of the TDT procedure was to test for linkage between a genetic marker and a disease susceptibility locus when an association had been found between the two. An association between disease and marker had sometimes been taken to imply linkage. An association could, however, be due to population stratification even in the absence of linkage. In contrast, the outcome of the TDT is not affected by such stratification. Furthermore, when linkage is not in doubt, the TDT can, in some cases, also provide a test of association between marker and disease. We discuss these various matters in this paper.
The Madden‐Julian Oscillation's Impact on the Makassar Strait Surface Layer Transport

The Indonesian Through ﬂ ow (ITF) surface layer dynamics within the Makassar Strait, responsible for ~77% of the ITF, are investigated using in situ and satellite ‐ derived observations from January 2004 to August 2011 and August 2013 to December 2016. Surface layer southward transport attains its minima during boreal winter in response to atmospheric and oceanic processes attributed to Australian ‐ Indonesian monsoon as well as the Madden ‐ Julian Oscillation (MJO). While the monsoon's impact on seasonal variability of the ITF transport has been well documented, the MJO's role to modulate the variability of the ITF transport is less studied. Eleven MJO events traversed from Indian Ocean to Western Paci ﬁ c during boreal winter months over the course of the Makassar Strait time series. Intensi ﬁ ed along ‐ strait wind stress, reduced outgoing longwave radiation, increased sea surface height in the southern Makassar Strait, and a reduction in the surface layer ITF transport by up to 4 Sv marked the impact of the active phase of the MJO. Analysis of the momentum budget in the surface layer indicates that the excess of northward momentum due to the along ‐ channel pressure gradient over northward momentum attributed to the vertical divergence of Reynold stress governs the northward acceleration of the surface layer during the MJO active phase.
Metaheuristic-based simulation optimization approach to network revenue management with an improved self-adjusting bid price function

ABSTRACT Making accurate accept/reject decisions on dynamically arriving customer requests for different combinations of resources is a challenging task under uncertainty of competitors' pricing strategies. Because customer demand may be affected by a competitor's pricing action, changes in customer interarrival times should also be considered in capacity control procedures. In this article, a simulation model is developed for a bid price–based capacity control problem of an airline network revenue management system by considering the uncertain nature of booking cancellations and competitors' pricing strategy. An improved bid price function is proposed by considering competitors' different pricing scenarios that occur with different probabilities and their effects on the customers' demands. The classical deterministic linear program (DLP) is reformulated to determine the initial base bid prices that are utilized as control parameters in the proposed self-adjusting bid price function. Furthermore, a simulation optimization approach is applied in order to determine the appropriate values of the coefficients in the bid price function. Different evolutionary computation techniques such as differential evolution (DE), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and seeker optimization algorithm (SOA), are utilized to determine these coefficients along with comparisons. The computational experiments show that promising results can be obtained by making use of the proposed metaheuristic-based simulation optimization approach.
Clinical scales for the assessment of spasticity, associated phenomena, and function: a systematic review of the literature

Purpose: To characterise clinical assessment methods for spasticity and/or its functional consequences in clinical patient populations at risk to suffer from spasticity. Method: Systematic literature search and manual-based two-step review process of psychometric properties of clinical assessment scales for spasticity and associated phenomena, as well as of functional scales with an association with spasticity. Reviewed psychometric properties included internal consistency, interrater, intrarater as well as retest reliability, construct validity, ecological validity, and responsiveness. Results: Until May 2003 electronic database searches established a reference pool of 4151 references of which 90 references contributed to the review objectives. An additional 20 references were identified by an informal reference search. Twenty-four clinical scales that assess spasticity and/or related phenomena as well as 10 scales for 'active function' and three scales for 'passive function' with an association with spasticity could be identified. Some evidence signals that a high interrater reliability of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth scales can be achieved, however not in all circumstances. For many scales, reliability data is, however, missing. This is especially true for test retest reliability. Information about construct validity can promote our understanding of what individual scales are likely to assess. Many scales have been able to document changes after therapeutic intervention. Conclusions: The collated evidence can guide our clinical decision about when to use which scale and can promote evidence-based assessment of spasticity and related clinical phenomena.
Improving online access to medical information for low-income countries.

Over the past two years, the World Health Organization (WHO) has worked with publishing partners (including the Journal) to improve online access to scientific resources as a way of supporting health professionals, medical researchers, and academics in developing countries. WHO helped to create the Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI, http://www.healthinternetwork.org), which offers health and medical institutions in 69 of the world's lowest-income countries free online access to a large library of important international journals. This initiative has been expanded to include an additional 44 countries that qualify for access to the journals at a very low price.
Improved filter method for urine sediment detection of urothelial carcinoma by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

CONTEXT Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of voided urine sediment is a sensitive and specific test for the detection of urothelial carcinoma. The time required for slide preparation using the conventional cytospin method is lengthy. OBJECTIVE To present an alternative to the conventional cytospin method. DESIGN We compared the results of an improved filter monolayer method with published results of the conventional cytospin method. A total of 624 patients with cytology and FISH analyses were followed with cystoscopy and/or bladder biopsy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was performed on 624 cases using fluorescence-labeled probes to the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 3, 7, and 17 and band 9p21; cytology was also performed in all cases. RESULTS A total of 217 (34.7%) of 624 patients had follow-up bladder biopsies, and 170 of these (78.3%) had urothelial carcinoma. The sensitivity for cancer detection was higher for FISH than for urine cytology (92.9% [158/ 170] for FISH vs 72.9% [124/170] for urine cytology, P = <5%). The specificity was equivalent for FISH and urine cytology (97.5% [443/454] for FISH vs 92.2% [419/454] for cytology). The sensitivity for FISH was better (92.9% vs 81%), and there was no significant difference in specificity (97.5% vs 96%) between the filter method and the conventional cytospin method. Unlike the conventional cytospin method, the filter method did not require multiple centrifugation and decantation steps or investment in dedicated equipment. CONCLUSIONS The improved filter method was faster, easier, and less expensive than published results with the conventional cytospin method with better sensitivity and equivalent specificity.
The Evidence on Police Contributions to Crime Reduction: What Do We Know and What Does the Ottawa Police Service Do About It?

There are two main objectives of this thesis. First, to review the social science evidence on the extent to which different police practices have been proven to reduce crime, or not reduce crime, as well as those cases where the evidence is not clear. This thesis synthesizes crime reduction strategies to short-list those practices that are proven to reduce crime. Second, it uses the evidence collected to facilitate an exploratory case study with three key informants from the Ottawa Police Service (OPS). The case study examines the current use and perceived future role of the police in evidence-based crime prevention efforts. Overall, the research study seeks to answer the following four research questions: 1. What sources of literature provide well-researched and reliable data on effectiveness of policing in crime reduction? 2. In this literature, what policing strategies/practices are shown to reduce crime, not reduce crime or are promising in reducing crime? 3. To what extent is the OPS using evidence-based knowledge to guide their policing strategy/practices? 4. To what extent is the OPS open to using evidence-based knowledge to guide their policing strategy/practices in the future?
SIMULATION STUDIES ON ELECTROPHORETICALLY DETECTABLE GENETIC VARIABILITY IN A FINITE POPULATION1

Using a new model of isoalleles, extensive Monte Carlo experiments were performed to examine the pattern of allelic distribution in a finite population. In this model it was assumed that the set of allelic states is represented by discrete points on a one-dimensional lattice and that change of state by mutation occurs in such a way that an allele moves either one step in the positive direction or one step in the negative direction on the lattice. Such a model was considered to be appropriate for estimating theoretically the number of electrophoretically detectable alleles within a population. The evenness of allelic distribution was measured by the ratio of the effective to the actual number of alleles (n,/n,) . The results of the Monte Carlo experiments have shown that this ratio is generally larger under the new model of isoalleles than under the conventional KIMURA-CROW model of neutral isoalleles. In other words, the distribution of allelic frequencies within a population is expected to be more uniform in the new model. By comparing the Monte Carlo results with actual observations, it was concluded that the observed deviation from what is predicted under the new model with selective neutrality is not in the direction of conforming to the overdominance hypothesis but is, in fact, in the opposite direction.
An overview of thymidine

This review summarizes a body of information suggesting that proper metabolic modulation with certain metabolites can sensitize tumor cells to antimetabolites, and others can de‐sensitize (i .e . protect) normal cells from the toxicity of antimetabolites. This new approach offers the possibility of increasing the selectivity of drug therapy, with the promise of a real advance in cancer chemotherapy. The metabolite thymidine (TdR), long used as a cell synchronizing agent, is known to exert this effect in vitro by metabolic modulation of a number of enzymes in the salvage pathway to DNA synthesis. Against this biochemical background, in vivo effects of TdR employed as an agent for cancer therapy are reviewed as follows: 1) TdR alone, and in combination with, 2) Methotrexate (MTX), or 3) 5‐Fluorouracil (FU), or 4) Cytosine arabinoside (ara‐C). TdR is shown in all instances either to protect against host toxicity (eg. MTX), or to potentiate the anti‐tumor effect (eg. FU and ara‐C). Findings are also presented that a sequential schedule of MTX prior to TdR prior to FU is important for the optimal therapeutic activity of these drugs. The biochemical basis for the MTX → FU augmentation is reportedly due to increased activation of FU by MTX (acting indirectly). On the basis of this biochemical insight, a completely different chemotherapeutic agent methyl‐mercaptopurine rihoside (MMPR) was substituted for MTX, resulting in a dramatic potentiation of anticancer activity. Metabolic modulation with still other metabolites (UR) and a hormone (testosterone) was demonstrated to protect from host toxicity due to certain anti‐cancer agents without offsetting anti‐tumor activity. The ability to prevent leukopenia by these means was particularly impressive. Clinical trials have been initiated with TdR alone, TdR + MTX, and TdR + FU; the available clinical data are summarized.
The International Normalized Ratio calibrated for rivaroxaban has the potential to normalize prothrombin time results for rivaroxaban‐treated patients: results of an in vitro study

PSGL-1 in thrombus formation. Trends Mol Med 2004; 10: 171–8. 3 del Conde I, Shrimpton CN, Thiagarajan P, López JA. Tissue-factorbearing microvesicles arise from lipid rafts and fuse with activated platelets to initiate coagulation. Blood 2005; 106: 1604–11. 4 Lee AY, Levine MN. Venous thromboembolism and cancer: risks and outcomes. Circulation 2003; 107: 17–21. 5 FalangaA,MarchettiM. Venous thromboembolism in the hematologic malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 4848–57. 6 Thomas GM, Panicot-Dubois L, Lacroix R, Dignat-George F, Lombardo D, Dubois C. Cancer cell-derived microparticles bearing P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 accelerate thrombus formation in vivo. J Exp Med 2009; 206: 1913–27. 7 Tesselaar ME, Osanto S. Risk of venous thromboembolism in lung cancer. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2007; 13: 362–7. 8 Trappenburg MC, van Schilfgaarde M, Marchetti M, Spronk HM, ten Cate H, Leyte A, Terpstra WE, Falanga A. Elevated procoagulant microparticles expressing endothelial and platelet markers in essential thrombocythemia. Haematologica 2009; 94: 911–8. 9 Tesselaar ME, Romijn FP, van der Linden IK, Prins FA, Bertina RM, Osanto S. Microparticle-associated tissue factor activity: a link between cancer and Thrombosis? J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5: 520–7.
GENOTYPE-BIOSTIMULATIONS INTERACTIONS IN SOME HIGH QUALITY ACTIVE PRINCIPLES APPEARANCE FOR ALFALFA

The target of this paper was to demonstrate the biostimulators influence on chemical composition of Alfalfa Alfalfa is appreciated because of its use as animal feed, having a very good production capacity and perennity. It is also resistant to frost and drying, but response promptly at irrigation. Alfalfa has high capacity of poisoning and in exceptional crop conditions it can be harvest 5 to 6 time in a year (MOISUC A and DUKIC D., 2002). Alfalfa can be used as green fodder, hay, silage (in combination with graminaceae), hay flour, granules, or for preparation of combined feed. Also, Alfalfa is a principal component of temporary grassland used after mowed. In the biological crop system, Alfalfa flour has essential role in bovine feeding. Medicago sativa is one of the ameliorator plants of soil because of its high content in nitrogen that remain in the soil, and thus improve the physical state of soil. Alfalfa is a very good source for good protein quality, with appreciable content of high biological value amino acids. Researchers try to find the secrets of genotip-biostimulators interactions, having the results increasing fodder yield and quality of Alfalfa plants. Quality of a crop used as animal feed has in view the increasing of total protein content, the digestibility, amino acids content and profile, beta-carotene content and composition in other vitamins, and also to decrease the quantity of hemolytic saponins content (BABINEC et al., 2003; OLESZEK and MARSTON, 2000). In this paper, from different crops of Alfalfa treated with various biostimulators, we analyzed some vitamins concentration, such as: liposoluble vitamins - vitamin A, and vitamin E; and water soluble vitamins - vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12 and vitamin C. The methods for quantitative analysis were specified for every vitamin. The results of our study demonstrate that biostimulators can positively influence the content of vitamins - especially liposoluble vitamins, in case of using Magafol as lucerne crop biostimulator. Alfalfa, usually used as feed, is used for a long time in traditional medicine for it's therapeutically effects. Also, the Alfalfa leafs contains high quantities of vitamins (liposoluble vitamins A, D, E, K; and hydrosoluble vitamins B, C).
Human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells produce macrophage colony‐stimulating factor: enhancement of c‐fms expression by interleukin‐10

Human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (DC) generated with granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and IL‐4 express c‐fms (CD115), the receptor for macrophage‐CSF (M‐CSF). Expression of c‐fms on monocyte‐derived DC has been interpreted as the susceptibility of these cells to M‐CSF‐induced macrophage development. We show here that homogenous cultures of CD14− DC constitutively produced large amounts of M‐CSF. However, presence of M‐CSF neither induced macrophage development nor did it prevent terminal maturation into CD83+ DC. M‐CSF production by DC was driven by GM‐CSF and inhibited by the specific phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase inhibitor wortmannin. M‐CSF synthesis was rapidly induced during the first 24 h of DC culture and then declined during the 5‐day culture period. Replating of the cells, which was associated by a transient adherence, always induced a strong up‐regulation of M‐CSF synthesis. Addition of recombinant IL‐10 to DC cultures enhanced c‐fms expression and induced macrophage development as measured by the strong up‐regulation of CD14 expression as well as by enhanced expression of the Fcγ receptors I, II, and III (CD64, CD32, CD16). Our data demonstrate that immature monocyte‐derived DC produce M‐CSF which does not induce macrophage development, despite the surface expression of c‐fms on DC. IL‐10 appears to induce macrophage development by up‐regulating c‐fms and, thereby, enhancing the sensitivity of the cells to endogenously produced M‐CSF.
Extensive personal human gut microbiota culture collections characterized and manipulated in gnotobiotic mice

The proportion of the human gut bacterial community that is recalcitrant to culture remains poorly defined. In this report, we combine high-throughput anaerobic culturing techniques with gnotobiotic animal husbandry and metagenomics to show that the human fecal microbiota consists largely of taxa and predicted functions that are represented in its readily cultured members. When transplanted into gnotobiotic mice, complete and cultured communities exhibit similar colonization dynamics, biogeographical distribution, and responses to dietary perturbations. Moreover, gnotobiotic mice can be used to shape these personalized culture collections to enrich for taxa suited to specific diets. We also demonstrate that thousands of isolates from a single donor can be clonally archived and taxonomically mapped in multiwell format to create personalized microbiota collections. Retrieving components of a microbiota that have coexisted in single donors who have physiologic or disease phenotypes of interest and reuniting them in various combinations in gnotobiotic mice should facilitate preclinical studies designed to determine the degree to which tractable bacterial taxa are able to transmit donor traits or influence host biology.
LANGUAGE PRIMITIVES AND TYPE DISCIPLINE FOR STRUCTURED COMMUNICATION-BASED PROGRAMMING

We introduce basic language constructs and a type discipline as a foundation of structured communication-based concurrent programming. The constructs, which are easily translatable into the summation-less asynchronous π-calculus, allow programmers to organise programs as a combination of multiple flows of (possibly unbounded) reciprocal interactions in a simple and elegant way, subsuming the preceding communication primitives such as method invocation and rendez-vous. The resulting syntactic structure is exploited by a type discipline à la ML, which offers a high-level type abstraction of interactive behaviours of programs as well as guaranteeing the compatibility of interaction patterns between processes in a well-typed program. After presenting the formal semantics, the use of language constructs is illustrated through examples, and the basic syntactic results of the type discipline are established. Implementation concerns are also addressed.
The β-Lacta Test for Direct Detection of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Urine

ABSTRACT With the β-Lacta test, production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) was assayed in 200 urine samples showing Gram-negative bacilli during direct microscopic examination. While 168 samples tested negative, all samples yielding ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae after culture gave positive (n = 30) or uninterpretable (n = 2) results. The sensitivity and specificity of ESBL detection were 94% and 100%, respectively.