Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Web Content Extraction based on Webpage Layout Analysis

for web content extraction task, researchers have proposed many different methods, such as wrapper-based method, DOM tree rule-based method, machine learning-based method and so on. To some extent, all these methods ignore the layout information of the webpage, although the layout information such as the spatial and visual cues often plays a very important role in the process of locating the main content of the webpage when browsing. As a consequence, these methods often throw part of the main content away when extracting content from the webpage. In this paper, we present a method which combines webpage layout analysis with DOM tree rule-base method, it can make full use of the advantages of the two methods. It uses the layout information to guide the extraction work with a global view and can gain a better performance than the traditional methods.
Can Computer-based Training Enhance Adolescents ’ Resilience ? Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

It seems counter-intuitive that adolescents could gain resiliency through a computer program. A longitudinal, repeated measures, randomized controlled trial of a computerized, social-emotional learning intervention tested whether under real-world school conditions, self-regulated use of the intervention would result in higher scores for four key resiliency assets, and positively impact school outcomes. One hundred and fiftyfour sixth graders from diverse backgrounds participated. Treatment group students completed 42 multimedia tutorials (about 12 contact hours), over seven weeks. Control group students received live instruction-as-usual. Resiliency assets were measured at pre, post, and five-month follow-up, using scales from the previously validated California Healthy Kids Survey. Attrition was low to moderate and dosage was uniformly high. The treatment group showed significantly higher mean scores from preto poston two of four resiliency assets: empathy and problem-solving. The control group had significantly higher mean scores on connectedness. No effect was detected on autonomy. Treatment students had significantly more excused absences from preto follow-up. There were no other significant changes in mean scores for either group from post-testing to five-month follow-up. There were not significant differences in grades or discipline referrals. Principals reported the whole cohort had improved behavior. Social contagion may have been a factor in several outcomes.
Enhanced Quantile Normalization of Microarray Data to Reduce Loss of Information in Gene Expression Profiles

Summary In microarray experiments, removal of systematic variations resulting from array preparation or sample hybridization conditions is crucial to ensure sensible results from the ensuing data analysis. For example, quantile normalization is routinely used in the treatment of both oligonucleotide and cDNA microarray data, even though there might be some loss of information in the normalization process. We recognize that the ideal normalization, if it ever exists, would aim to keep the maximal amount of gene profile information with the lowest possible noise. With this objective in mind, we propose a valuable enhancement to quantile normalization, and demonstrate through three Affymetrix experiments that the enhanced normalization can result in better performance in detecting and ranking differentially expressed genes across experimental conditions.
Characterization of pPCP1 Plasmids in Yersinia pestis Strains Isolated from the Former Soviet Union

Complete sequences of 9.5-kb pPCP1 plasmids in three Yersinia pestis strains from the former Soviet Union (FSU) were determined and compared with those of pPCP1 plasmids in three well-characterized, non-FSU Y. pestis strains (KIM, CO92, and 91001). Two of the FSU plasmids were from strains C2614 and C2944, isolated from plague foci in Russia, and one plasmid was from strain C790 from Kyrgyzstan. Sequence analyses identified four sequence types among the six plasmids. The pPCP1 plasmids in the FSU strains were most genetically related to the pPCP1 plasmid in the KIM strain and least related to the pPCP1 plasmid in Y. pestis 91001. The FSU strains generally had larger pPCP1 plasmid copy numbers compared to strain CO92. Expression of the plasmid's pla gene was significantly (P ≤ .05) higher in strain C2944 than in strain CO92. Given pla's role in Y. pestis virulence, this difference may have important implications for the strain's virulence.
The RWTH 2009 quaero ASR evaluation system for English and German

In this work, the RWTH automatic speech recognition systems for English and German for the second Quaero evaluation campaign 2009 are presented. The systems are designed to transcribe web data, European parliament plenary sessions and broadcast news data. Another challenge in the 2009 evaluation is that almost no in-domain training data is provided and the test data contains a large variety of speech types. The RWTH participates for the English and German languages with the best results for German and competitive results for the English. Contributing to the enhancements are the systematic use of hierarchical neural network based posterior features, system combination, speaker adaptation, cross speaker adaptation, domain dependent modeling and the usage of additional training data. Index Terms: speech recognition, probablistic features, system combination, LVCSR
Developing swiss paraplegic research: Building a research institution from the comprehensive perspective

Purpose. To illustrate the conceptualization and development of a research institution from the comprehensive perspective based on the integrative model of functioning provided by the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The newly founded research institution Swiss Paraplegic Research which focuses on the comprehensive study of spinal cord injury (SCI) serves as an example. Method. Description of organizational development and structure. Results. The creation of specialized research institutions which develop their core competence from the comprehensive perspective poses unique challenges. It is depicted how these challenges can be met through several approaches. These encompass the identification and specification of a common mission and research goals, the organization of research along distinct scientific fields, the set-up of a respective core competence, and the design of research structures suited to conduct studies of high methodological and organizational complexity. Finally, they comprise the development of a transdisciplinary workforce and the integration into a research landscape which is organized along scientific disciplines and not along interdisciplinary themes. Conclusion. The ideas and approaches described in this paper may serve as an example for creating integrative research institutions dedicated to human functioning and rehabilitation research from the comprehensive perspective.
Enhancement of Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging by Dual Excitation of Er3+, Yb3+-Doped Rare-Earth Microparticles

Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) has been successfully utilized in various fields of preclinical studies; however, CLI is challenging due to its weak luminescent intensity and insufficient penetration capability. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a type of rare-earth microparticles (REMPs), which can be dually excited by Cerenkov luminescence (CL) resulting from the decay of radionuclides to enhance CLI in terms of intensity and penetration. Methods: Yb3+- and Er3+- codoped hexagonal NaYF4 hollow microtubes were synthesized via a hydrothermal route. The phase, morphology, and emission spectrum were confirmed for these REMPs by power X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and spectrophotometry, respectively. A commercial CCD camera equipped with a series of optical filters was employed to quantify the intensity and spectrum of CLI from radionuclides. The enhancement of penetration was investigated by imaging studies of nylon phantoms and nude mouse pseudotumor models. Results: the REMPs could be dually excited by CL at the wavelengths of 520 and 980 nm, and the emission peaks overlaid at 660 nm. This strategy approximately doubled the overall detectable intensity of CLI and extended its maximum penetration in nylon phantoms from 5 to 15 mm. The penetration study in living animals yielded similar results. Conclusions: this study demonstrated that CL can dually excite REMPs and that the overlaid emissions in the range of 660 nm could significantly enhance the penetration and intensity of CL. The proposed enhanced CLI strategy may have promising applications in the future.
Activity-Aware Energy-Efficient Automation of Smart Buildings

This paper introduces the idea of activity-aware cyber-physical systems (CPS). Activity-aware systems allow smart city services to adapt to the needs of individual residents by being sensitive to their daily tasks. The paper first defines activity recognition and activity prediction algorithms that form the foundation of activity-aware CPS and implement a prototype activity-aware building automation system, called CASAS activity aware resource learning (CARL). Evaluation of CARL on real sensor data shows not only an accurate ability to sense and predict activities but an effective means of automation buildings that reduces energy consumption while being sensitive to user activities in the building. Our ideas are demonstrated in the context of a smart home but can be utilized in a variety of smart city settings including smart offices, smart hospitals, and smart communities.
Tropical Pacific/Atlantic Ocean interactions at multi‐decadal time scales

Analysis of sea surface temperature (SST) observations suggests a pan‐oceanic interaction between the tropical Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean at multi‐decadal time scales, such that periods of anomalously high SSTs in the tropical Pacific are followed by a basin‐wide SST dipole in the Atlantic Ocean with a time delay of a few decades. The SST anomaly structure in the Atlantic Ocean is reminscent of variations in the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. The two ocean basins are linked through an “atmospheric bridge” involving anomalous fresh water fluxes. Based on the observational findings, the Atlantic thermohaline circulation may strengthen during the next decades in response to the strong decades‐long increase in tropical Pacific SST, which will have strong impacts on the climates of North America and Europe through changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).
Functional connectivity in mild traumatic brain injury

Objectives: Research suggests that the majority of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients exhibit both cognitive and emotional dysfunction within the first weeks of injury, followed by symptom resolution 3–6 months postinjury. The neuronal correlates of said dysfunction are difficult to detect with standard clinical neuroimaging, complicating differential diagnosis and early identification of patients who may not recover. This study examined whether resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides objective markers of injury and predicts cognitive, emotional, and somatic complaints in mTBI patients semiacutely (<3 weeks postinjury) and in late recovery (3–5 month) phases. Methods: Twenty‐seven semiacute mTBI patients and 26 gender, age, and education‐matched controls were studied. Fifteen of 27 patients returned for a follow‐up visit 3–5 months postinjury. The main dependent variables were spontaneous fluctuations (temporal correlation) in the default‐mode (DMN) and fronto‐parietal task‐related networks as measured by fMRI. Results: Significant differences in self‐reported cognitive, emotional, and somatic complaints were observed (all P < 0.05), despite normal clinical (T1 and T2) imaging and neuropsychological testing results. Mild TBI patients demonstrated decreased functional connectivity within the DMN and hyper‐connectivity between the DMN and lateral prefrontal cortex. Measures of functional connectivity exhibited high levels of sensitivity and specificity for patient classification and predicted cognitive complaints in the semi‐acute injury stage. However, no changes in functional connectivity were observed across a 4‐month recovery period. Conclusions: Abnormal connectivity between the DMN and frontal cortex may provide objective biomarkers of mTBI and underlie cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trophic Strategies of a Non-Native and a Native Amphibian Species in Shared Ponds

One of the critical factors for understanding the establishment, success and potential impact on native species of an introduced species is a thorough knowledge of how these species manage trophic resources. Two main trophic strategies for resource acquisition have been described: competition and opportunism. In the present study our objective was to identify the main trophic strategies of the non-native amphibian Discoglossus pictus and its potential trophic impact on the native amphibian Bufo calamita. We determine whether D. pictus exploits similar trophic resources to those exploited by the native B. calamita (competition hypothesis) or alternative resources (opportunistic hypothesis). To this end, we analyzed the stable isotope values of nitrogen and carbon in larvae of both species, in natural ponds and in controlled laboratory conditions. The similarity of the δ15N and δ13C values in the two species coupled with isotopic signal variation according to pond conditions and niche partitioning when they co-occurred indicated dietary competition. Additionally, the non-native species was located at higher levels of trophic niches than the native species and B. calamita suffered an increase in its standard ellipse area when it shared ponds with D. pictus. These results suggest niche displacement of B. calamita to non-preferred resources and greater competitive capacity of D. pictus in field conditions. Moreover, D. pictus showed a broader niche than the native species in all conditions, indicating increased capacity to exploit the diversity of resources; this may indirectly favor its invasiveness. Despite the limitations of this study (derived from potential variability in pond isotopic signals), the results support previous experimental studies. All the studies indicate that D. pictus competes with B. calamita for trophic resources with potential negative effects on the fitness of the latter.
An Agile Scoping Process for Software Product Lines

The constant changes and the search for new benefits in the software industry make possible the emergence of new research areas. In this context, a trend that has presented important benefits is the area of agile software product lines. Software Product Lines (SPL) and Agile Methods (AM) both search to satisfy the customer, increase quality and decrease timeto-market and costs. The integration between SPL and AM is a challenge, but can increase the benefits that these approaches offer. In this sense, this paper proposes an agile scoping process for SPL.
Capacitive voltage transformer: transient overreach concerns and solutions for distance relaying

Capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs) are common in high-voltage transmission line applications. These same applications require fast, yet secure protection. However, as the requirement for faster protective relays grows, so does the concern over the poor transient response of some CVTs for certain system conditions. Solid-state and microprocessor relays can respond to a CVT transient due to their high operating speed and increased sensitivity. This paper discusses CVT models whose purpose is to identify which major CVT components contribute to the CVT transient. Some surprises include a recommendation for CVT burden and the type of ferroresonant-suppression circuit that gives the least CVT transient. This paper also reviews how the source impedance ratio (SIR) affects the CVT transient response. The higher the SIR, the worse the CVT transient for a given CVT. Finally, this paper discusses improvements in relaying logic. The new method of detecting CVT transients is more precise than past detection methods and does not penalize distance protection speed for close-in faults.
Effects of cadmium and monensin on renal and cardiac functions of mice subjected to subacute cadmium intoxication

ABSTRACT Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known nephrotoxic agent. Cd-induced renal dysfunction has been considered as one of the causes leading to the development of hypertension. The correlation between Cd concentration in blood and urine and cardiovascular diseases has been discussed in many epidemiological studies. A therapy with chelating agents is utilized for the treatment of toxic metal intoxication. Herein we present novel information indicating that monensin (applied as tetraethylammonium salt) is a promising chelating agent for the treatment of Cd-induced renal and cardiac dysfunction. The study was performed using the ICR mouse model. Adult ICR male mice were divided into three groups with six animals in each group: control (received distilled water and food ad libitum for 28 days); Cd-intoxicated (treated orally with 20 mg/kg b.w. Cd(II) acetate from day 1 to day 14 of the experimental protocol), and monensin treated group (intoxicated with Cd(II) acetate as described for the Cd-intoxicated group followed by oral treatment with 16 mg/kg b.w. tetraethylammonium salt of monensic acid for 2 weeks). Cd intoxication of the animals resulted in an increase of the organ weight/body weight indexes. Cd elevated significantly creatinine and glucose level in serum. Monensin treatment improved the organ weight/body weight ratios. The therapy of the Cd-intoxicated animals with monensin ameliorated the creatinine and glucose level in serum and decreased the concentration of the toxic metal ions in the heart and kidneys by 54 % and 64 %, respectively
Prosodic cues enhance rule learning by changing speech segmentation mechanisms

Prosody has been claimed to have a critical role in the acquisition of grammatical information from speech. The exact mechanisms by which prosodic cues enhance learning are fully unknown. Rules from language often require the extraction of non-adjacent dependencies (e.g., he plays, he sings, he speaks). It has been proposed that pauses enhance learning because they allow computing non-adjacent relations helping word segmentation by removing the need to compute adjacent computations. So far only indirect evidence from behavioral and electrophysiological measures comparing learning effects after exposure to speech with and without pauses support this claim. By recording event-related potentials during the acquisition process of artificial languages with and without pauses between words with embedded non-adjacent rules we provide direct evidence on how the presence of pauses modifies the way speech is processed during learning to enhance segmentation and rule generalization. The electrophysiological results indicate that pauses as short as 25 ms attenuated the N1 component irrespective of whether learning was possible or not. In addition, a P2 enhancement was present only when learning of non-adjacent dependencies was possible. The overall results support the claim that the simple presence of subtle pauses changed the segmentation mechanism used reflected in an exogenously driven N1 component attenuation and improving segmentation at the behavioral level. This effect can be dissociated from the endogenous P2 enhancement that is observed irrespective of the presence of pauses whenever non-adjacent dependencies are learned.
Space-Frequency Coded BS-CDMA for Broadband Mobile Communication Systems

Space-time coded block spread CDMA (STC BS-CDMA) was previously proposed to enhance the advantages offered by CDMA system with block processing. However, STC BS-CDMA suffers from long decoding delay and large single block transmission time which makes it unsuitable for communication systems delivering delay-critical applications and poor performance in systems with high mobility conditions. This paper proposes space-frequency coded BS-CDMA (SFC BS-CDMA) which performs space-frequency coding instead of space-time encoding. This reduces the decoding delay significantly and transmission time of a single block, making it an attractive alternative in delay-critical communication systems. This paper also compares the two MIMO BS-CDMA systems and provides extensive simulation results.
ChemMapper: a versatile web server for exploring pharmacology and chemical structure association based on molecular 3D similarity method

SUMMARY ChemMapper is an online platform to predict polypharmacology effect and mode of action for small molecules based on 3D similarity computation. ChemMapper collects >350 000 chemical structures with bioactivities and associated target annotations (as well as >3 000 000 non-annotated compounds for virtual screening). Taking the user-provided chemical structure as the query, the top most similar compounds in terms of 3D similarity are returned with associated pharmacology annotations. ChemMapper is designed to provide versatile services in a variety of chemogenomics, drug repurposing, polypharmacology, novel bioactive compounds identification and scaffold hopping studies. AVAILABILITY http://lilab.ecust.edu.cn/chemmapper/. CONTACT xfliu@ecust.edu.cn or hlli@ecust.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Quantum contributions to cosmological correlations

The 'in-in' formalism is reviewed and extended, and applied to the calculation of higher-order Gaussian and non-Gaussian correlations in cosmology. Previous calculations of these correlations amounted to the evaluation of tree graphs in the in-in formalism; here we also consider loop graphs. It turns out that for some though not all theories, the contributions of loop graphs as well as tree graphs depend only on the behavior of the inflaton potential near the time of horizon exit. A sample one-loop calculation is presented.
Unsupervised learning of maritime traffic patterns for anomaly detection

Maritime anomaly detection requires an efficient representation and consistent knowledge of vessel behaviour. Automatic Identification System (AIS) data provides ships state vector and identity information that is here used to automatically derive knowledge of maritime traffic in an unsupervised way. The proposed approach only utilises AIS data, historical or real-time, and is aimed at incrementally learning motion patterns without any specific a priori contextual description. This can be applied to a single AIS terrestrial receiver, to regional networks or to global scale tracking. The maritime traffic representation underpins low- likelihood behaviour detection and supports enhanced Maritime Situational Awareness by providing a characterisation of vessels traffic.