Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SMT Helps Bitext Dependency Parsing

We propose a method to improve the accuracy of parsing bilingual texts (bitexts) with the help of statistical machine translation (SMT) systems. Previous bitext parsing methods use human-annotated bilingual treebanks that are hard to obtain. Instead, our approach uses an auto-generated bilingual treebank to produce bilingual constraints. However, because the auto-generated bilingual treebank contains errors, the bilingual constraints are noisy. To overcome this problem, we use large-scale unannotated data to verify the constraints and design a set of effective bilingual features for parsing models based on the verified results. The experimental results show that our new parsers significantly outperform state-of-the-art baselines. Moreover, our approach is still able to provide improvement when we use a larger monolingual treebank that results in a much stronger baseline. Especially notable is that our approach can be used in a purely monolingual setting with the help of SMT.
Nanosecond pHEMT switches

In today's world of rapidly changing technology, systems are being designed with speed in mind. From sensors to processors, every designer wants to avoid delay of all kinds. To maintain very high bandwidth and linearity performance while simultaneously minimizing consumed power, many engineers choose Gallium Arsenide pHEMT switch products for their designs. With the increasing pressure for systems to do things faster, device lag times have become critical parameters. To meet this need, a unique proprietary pHEMT technology to ensure rapid settling has been developed enabling the state-of-the-art to be advanced from a previous level of almost 300 microseconds to less than 20 nanoseconds as demonstrated by the efforts reported in this paper.
Terminology Evolution in Web Archiving: Open Issues

The correspondence between the terminology used for querying and the one used in content objects to be retrieved, is a crucial prerequisite for eﬀective retrieval technology. However, as terminology is evolving over time, a growing gap opens up between older documents in (long-term) archives and the active language used for querying such archives. Thus, technologies for detecting and systematically handling terminology evolution are required to ensure “semantic” accessibility of (Web) archive content on the long run. As a starting point for dealing with terminology evolution this paper formalizes the problem and discusses issues, ﬁrst ideas and relevant technologies
Income and Peer Quality Sorting in Public and Private Schools

Any system of primary and secondary schools involves explicit or implicit mechanisms that ration not only financial but also nonfinancial inputs into education production. This chapter focuses primarily on such mechanisms as they relate to the sorting of parents and children into schools and classrooms. Three primary mechanisms are reviewed: (1) sorting that emerges through residential location choices within housing markets that are linked to schools; (2) sorting that arises from parental choices to send children to private rather than public schools; and (3) sorting within schools that results from explicit tracking policies. The equilibrium level of sorting (along parental income and child peer quality dimensions) then depends on both the specifics of how education production works and the overall characteristics of the general equilibrium environment within which schools operate. We review the theoretical as well as the related simulation-based literature in this area and suggest that much potential exists for increasing empirical relevance of the emerging models for policy analysis, particularly as a related empirical literature comes to better terms with the nature of peer effects in education production.
The role of the anterior lateral eyes in the vision-based behaviour of jumping spiders

SUMMARY Jumping spiders, or salticids, sample their environment using a combination of two types of eyes. The forward-facing pair of ‘principal’ eyes have narrow fields of view, but exceptional spatial resolution, while the two or three pairs of ‘secondary’ eyes have wide fields of view and function especially well as motion analysers. Motion detected by the secondary eyes may elicit an orienting response, whereupon the object of interest is examined further using the high-acuity principal eyes. The anterior lateral (AL) eyes are particularly interesting, as they are the only forward-facing pair of secondary eyes. In this study, we aimed to determine characteristics of stimuli that elicit orienting responses mediated by the AL eyes. After covering all eyes except the AL eyes, we measured orienting responses to dot stimuli that varied in size and contrast, and moved at different speeds. We found that all stimulus parameters had significant effects on orientation propensity. When tethered flies were used as prey, we found that visual information from the AL eyes alone was sufficient to elicit stalking behaviour. These results suggest that, in terms of overall visual processing, the relevance of spatial vision in the AL eyes has been underestimated in the literature. Our results also show that female spiders are significantly more responsive than males. We found that hunger caused similar increases in orientation propensity in the two sexes, but females responded more often than males both when sated and when hungry. A higher propensity by females to orient toward moving objects may be related to females tending to experience higher nutritional demands than males.
A DIFFERENTIAL K-BAND UWB TRANSMITTER FOR SHORT RANGE RADAR APPLICATION WITH CONTINUOUS RUNNING LOCAL OSCILLATOR

The design of a difierential K-band UWB (Ultra Wideband) Short Range Radar (SRR) transmitter in 90nm bulk CMOS is presented. Implementation of SRRs in deep submicron CMOS technology is attractive, in terms of cost and monolithic integration of RF font-end with signal base- band processor. The transmitted pulse bandwidth limits the range resolution of the radar system. Due to the wide bandwidth and high frequency of CMOS implementation, UWB transmitters in the K-band are challenging to make and critical for the system performance. The design presented is based on frequency up conversion using a double balanced mixer. The difierential output is combined and matched with the antenna using an on-chip balun. To mitigate local oscillator (LO) leakage of UWB difierential transmitters we propose a new Pulse Generator (PG) design. A switching technique is used to minimize the LO leakage enabling continuous wave operation with very wideband pulses. Measurements of the proposed transmitter achieves a i10dB bandwidth (BW) of 5GHz. Using a Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) of 100MHz the peak average power is i40dBm. Compared to measured transmitter performance of a single balanced mixer design, the LO leakage of this dual balanced mixer is decreased with more than 20dB, and is lower than the peak average power of the pulse. It consumes 11mW from a 1.2V supply where 6mW is from the LO.
How Children Learn the Meaning of Words and How LSA Does It (Too)

For long psycholinguistics has tried to answer the question “how children learn the meaning of words? ” Paul Bloom answers the question in his book with the same title. He argues that the mind does not have a module for language acquisition. Instead, children learn the meaning of words by a set of general cognitive abilities, including the ability to infer intentions, to perceive the world in terms of objects and events, and the ability to understand syntactic structures. As discourse psychologists we have to emphasize that children likely do not learn the meaning of words through learning words. Instead, it seems more likely that the meaning of words is acquired through discourse. Discourse can take the form of conversations by oneself, with others or by others, situated in time and space. In fact, one could argue that children learn—at least in part—words solely by understanding their relation in context. This is how some computational techniques approximate the meaning of words, sentences, paragraphs and texts. One such common technique is Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). LSA is a statistical, corpus-based, technique for representing world knowledge. It computes similarity comparisons for terms and documents by taking advantage of the fact that particular words occur in particular documents. LSA takes quantitative information about co-occurrences of words in documents (paragraphs and sentences) and translates this into an multidimensional space. In short, the input of LSA is a large coTHE JOURNAL OF THE LEARNING SCIENCES, 14(2), 301–309 Copyright © 2005, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Thermal characteristics of an advanced bMPI-based 1T-DRAM cell

In this paper, we study the thermal characteristics of the bMPI-based 1T-DRAM cell. For a bMPI-FET, it can not only improve the thermal stability about 38% compared with the bPDSOI-FET due to the S/D-tied scheme, but also maintain the desired short-channel characteristics due to the block oxide structure.
Critical Making: Conceptual and Material Studies in Technology and Social Life

This article provides an overview of a series of experiments in what the author calls critical making, a mode of materially productive engagement that is intended to bridge the gap between creative physical and conceptual exploration. Although they share much in common with forms of design and art practice, the goal of these events is primarily focused on using material production—making things—as part of an explicit practice of concept elaboration within the social study of technology.
Mechanisms of genomic instability in human cancer: Insights from studies with human papillomavirus oncoproteins

Genomic instability is a hallmark of most human cancers including high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated anogenital neoplasia. The two HPV‐encoded oncoproteins, E6 and E7, can independently induce chromosomal abnormalities. We summarize the current state of knowledge concerning HPV‐induced genomic instability and discuss its significance in the context of human carcinogenesis. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raising Expectations in GDA Agents Acting in Dynamic Environments

Goal-driven autonomy (GDA) agents reason about goals while introspectively examining if their course of action matches their expectations. Many GDA agents adopt a hierarchical planning model to generate plans but limit reasoning with expectations to individual actions or projecting the expected state. In this paper we present a relaxation of this limitation. Taking advantage of hierarchical planning principles, our GDA agent elicits expectations that not only validate the next action but the overall plan trajectory without requiring validation against the complete state. We report on (1) a formalization of GDA's expectations that covers trajectories, (2) an implementation of these ideas and (3) benchmarking on two domains used in the GDA literature.
Meta-parameterisation of power semiconductor devices for studies of efficiency and power density in high power converters

This paper presents a meta-parameterised approach for evaluation of power switch modules (PSMs) in high power converters (HPCs). General models and parameters for evaluation of power losses and volume of PSMs are presented. Then, meta-parameterisation is performed for the High Power Semiconductor Devices (HPSDs) that are commonly used in HPCs, considering two types of package, press-pack and module type, and including IGBT, IGCT and IEGT chip technologies. A comparative analysis based on current capability and its dependency with the frequency in voltage source converters is introduced for the considered HPSD technologies. Press-pack IGBT technology shows the higher current capability and power dissipation performance, so it can be good choice for increase the operative frequency in HPCs.
Automated awareness and visualization of online presence

We propose a novel framework for facilitating awareness of people's contactability in a networked environment. Image analysis on periodically captured photo bursts estimates a user's presence and activity levels. A graphical mapping combines these two parameters to represent how contactable the user is. A Visualization conveys the contactability of multiple users to their contacts on the network. An interaction strategy combines the above with the ability to actively seek for awareness of contactability. We describe the current status of implementing this framework, and report intermediate results.
Superexchange Coupling and Spin Susceptibility Spectral Weight in Undoped Monolayer Cuprates

A systematic inelastic neutron scattering study of the superexchange interaction in three different undoped monolayer cuprates (La{sub 2}CuO {sub 4} , Nd{sub 2}CuO {sub 4} , and Pr{sub 2}CuO {sub 4} ) has been performed using conventional triple axis technique. We deduce the in-plane antiferromagnetic (AF) superexchange coupling J which actually presents no simple relation versus crystallographic parameters. The absolute spectral weight of the spin susceptibility has been obtained and it is found to be smaller than expected even when quantum corrections of the AF ground state are taken into account. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA BERBASIS STUDENT TEAMS-ACHIEVEMENT DIVISIONS

Pengembangan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa sangat diperlukan agar siswa bisa menyampaikan konsep yang telah dipelajari kepada teman secara sistematis. Keterbatasan sumber belajar yang memfasilitasi siswa untuk mengembangkan kemampuan komunikasi mengakibatkan pencapaian pemahaman terhambat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika berupa lembar kerja siswa untuk meningkatkan komunikasi matematis pada siswa. Jenis penelitian ini berupa penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP kelas IX. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa pedoman observasi dan pedoman wawancara. Pedoman observasi digunakan untuk mengamati model pembelajaran dan sumber belajar yang digunakan oleh guru. Pedoman wawancara digunakan untuk mengetahui informasi kegiatan belajar di kelas. Analisa data terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami konsep matematika dan mengkomunikasikannya, bahan ajar belum dapat membantu siswa dalam mengembangkan kemampuan komunikasinya, metode pembelajaran kooperatif berbasis student teams-achievement divisions merupakan model pembelajaran yang dapat menigkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa, dan baik guru maupun siswa membutuhkan bahan ajar yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis.
Transient Relativistically Shifted Lines as a Probe of Black Hole Systems

X-ray spectra of Seyfert galaxies have revealed a new type of X-ray spectral feature, one that appears to offer important new insight into the black hole system. XMM revealed several narrow emission lines redward of Fe Kα in NGC 3516. Since that discovery the phenomenon has been observed in other Seyfert galaxies, e.g., NGC 7314 and ESO 198-G24. We present new evidence for a redshifted Fe line in XMM spectra of Mrk 766. These data reveal the first evidence for a significant shift in the energy of such a line, occurring over a few tens of kiloseconds. This shift may be interpreted as deceleration of an ejected blob of gas traveling close to the escape velocity.
String Topology

Consider two families of closed oriented curves in a d-manifold. At each point of intersecction of a curve of one family with a curve of the other family, form a new closed curve by going around the first curve and then going around the second. Typically, an i-dimensional family and a j-dimensional family will produce an (i+j-d+2)-dimensional family. Our purpose is to describe mathematical structure behind such interactions.
Predictive Contention Window-Based Broadcast Collision Mitigation Strategy for VANET

In vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET), safety applications require the dissemination of safety information and vehicular states to all nearby vehicles through broadcasting. However, due to the tremendous information, broadcast channel will be confronted with great pressure. Therefore, vehicles should adjust their contention window to avoid intense competition on channel. In this paper, we propose a new contention window adjustment mechanism based on classification strategy and prediction scheme. The classification strategy availably classifies vehicular states into attribute sets by taking account of multiple factors. With this processing, we can obtain contention window corresponding to the attribute sets by BPR (Bayesian Personalized Ranking) algorithm. Subsequently, we adopt the prediction scheme to obtain vehicular states at next moment which map directly to the attribute sets. Finally, the prediction result is employed to explore the contention window at next moment according to retrieving attribute sets. The simulation and analysis show that our scheme provides outstanding performance compared with other classical single factor schemes in term of reducing collision probability and transmission delay.
Ethical dilemmas faced by presidents of small, private colleges during organizational recovery from financial distress

i Acknowledgements . iii List of Tables . ix Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Background . 1 Statement of the Problem . 3 Research Design and Questions . 4 Significance of this Study . 5 Definition of Terms . 6 Delimitations . 7 Limitations . 7 Organization of the Study . 8 Chapter 2: Review of the Literature . 10 Organizational Change . 10 Organizational Change as a Function of Financial Distress . 16 Ethical Dimensions of Leadership . 27 Conclusion . 34 Chapter 3: Methods. 36 Purpose Statement . 36 Target Population and Sample . 37 Research Questions . 37 Research Design and Instrumentation . 38
An approach to identification of a class of Switched Reluctance Motors

The purpose of the paper is to point out an approach that ensures a mathematical description of different switched reluctance motors (SRM) with central geometrical symmetry of active poles, such as SRM6-4, SRM8-6, SRM12-8 etc. The SRM becomes popular nowadays because of the rapid development of control electronics and simulation facilities. In order to build up a proper SRM drive, it is necessary to create convenient simulation model of the motor. But the identification of this motor is rather sophisticated due to the fact that the stator inductance depends on both, position of the rotor and the stator current. This fact extremely complicates the mathematical model of the SRM, describing it by partial differential equations. To make the things easier, neural network descriptions are suggested. They simplify the process of identification using Matlab Simulink. These descriptions also reflect the high nonlinearity of the magnetic circuit and the influence of the air gap.
Lecture 1 : A local algorithm for low conductance clusters using the Lovasz-Simonovits Theorem

Clustering is the task of grouping vertices of a graph which are more tightly knit than others. In the age of the internet and large social networks, these networks tend to be prohibitively large to run algorithms of time complexity larger than Õ(n) . In some cases, like the internet for example, it would be impossible to access all of the nodes even once. This calls for more near-linear and local approaches.
Demo: Mobile Wireless Charging and Sensing by Drones

Wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSN) are promising platforms for a wide range of applications. Although sensors in a WRSN can be replenished by mobile wireless chargers over distance, challenging issues remain in many aspects. For example, stable wireless charging is hardly achievable in remote locations, and harvested energy on sensor nodes is usually insufficient to establish an ad hoc network with multi-hop communications. We propose DSENSE, a mobile wireless charging and sensing platform using drones to alleviate the pain of energy delivery and data gathering in WRSN. The drone in DSENSE is equipped with a wireless charger which can power nodes in remote locations (e.g., embedded in walls, in soil), retrieve and forward sensor data packets to the cloud. This mobile charging and sensing method executed by drones is demonstrated to be effective and efficient – DSENSE successfully drives WRSN-based monitoring services in both a high-rise building and a large farmland.
Copying overlapping terms

In this paper we discuss techniques to copy overlapping terms. Starting from the classical Cheney-style copying algorithm, we present several refinements that exploit compact terms where a structure’s last argument overlaps with the following structure. Finally, a two pass algorithm is presented that uses less auxiliary space and that exploits all possible overlaps for finite terms. In spite of its using two passes, this algorithm is comparable in speed to single pass algorithms. The presented algorithms have been used and compared within BinProlog.
Role of residence hall staff in offering early warning academic intervention

s, 12(28), 4. Campbell, M. H. (1998). The impact of residential environment on psychological adjustment of college students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville. Carlson, L. (2000, October 2). Early alert programs. Message posted to First Year Experience Listserve, at fye-listserve@vm.sc. edu.
The Effect of Biomolecular Gradients on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis under Shear Stress

Tissue engineering is viewed as a promising option for long-term repair of cartilage lesions, but current engineered cartilage constructs fail to match the mechanical properties of native tissue. The extracellular matrix of adult human articular cartilage contains highly organized collagen fibrils that enhance the mechanical properties of the tissue. Unlike articular cartilage, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based tissue engineered cartilage constructs lack this oriented microstructure and therefore display much lower mechanical strength. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of biomolecular gradients and shear stress on MSCs undergoing chondrogenesis within a microfluidic device. Via poly(dimethyl siloxane) soft-lithography, microfluidic devices containing a gradient generator were created. Human MSCs were seeded within these chambers and exposed to flow-based transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) gradients. When the MSCs were both confluent and exposed to shear stress, the cells aligned along the flow direction. Exposure to TGF-β1 gradients led to chondrogenesis of MSCs, indicated by positive type II collagen staining. These results, together with a previous study that showed that aligned MSCs produce aligned collagen, suggest that oriented cartilage tissue structures with superior mechanical properties can be obtained by aligning MSCs along the flow direction and exposing MSCs to chondrogenic gradients.