Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined Heat and Power Dispatch Considering Pipeline Energy Storage of District Heating Network

The regional integration of variable wind power could be restricted by a strong coupling of electric power generation dispatch and heat supply of combined heat-and-power (CHP) units. The coupling in cold seasons precludes CHPs from providing the necessary flexibility for managing the wind power dispatch. The lack of flexibility problem can be tackled by exploiting the energy storage capability of a district heating network (DHN) which decouples the strong linkage of electric power and heat supplies. In this paper, a combined heat and power dispatch (CHPD) is formulated to coordinate the operation of electric power system (EPS) and district heating system (DHS). The proposed CHPD model which is solved by an iterative method considers the temperature dynamics of DHN for exploiting energy storage as an option for managing the variability of wind energy. The simulation results are discussed for several test systems to demonstrate the potential benefits of the proposed method in terms of operation economics, wind power utilization, as well as the potential benefits for real systems.
The Effects of Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE The aim of this article was to analyze the horizontal, vertical, and histological effects of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) versus the ones of unassisted socket healing, in the format of an up-to-date review and meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive electronic search in the electronic databases of the National Library of Medicine was conducted for articles published up to June 2014 to identify literature presenting data on the topic of ARP. Only randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, and prospective trials were included for meta-analysis. RESULTS After screening 903 abstracts from the electronic database, we included 64 studies in qualitative and 18 in quantitative synthesis. Quality assessment characterized a medium risk of bias for the included literature. The meta-analysis showed a mean difference between test and control groups of approximately 1.31 to 1.54 mm in bucco-oral bone width and 0.91 to 1.12 mm in bone height. Additionally, the intergroup difference in percentage of vital bone was assessed to be inconclusive across the included studies. Implants could be inserted into the determined position without further augmentation in 90.1% of the experimental sites, while this was the case in only 79.2% of the control sockets. CONCLUSIONS Resorption of the alveolar ridge cannot be totally stopped by ARP, while it still can be prevented compared with unassisted healing. No reliable predictions on the histological effects could be made due to limited data. Further on, no recommendation for a specific technique of ARP could be made. In conclusion, there is still need for ongoing research on the topic, even though the lower percentage of implant sites that needed additional augmentation in test sockets seemed to bring a patient benefit.
Seasonal and Ontogenetic Variation in Subcutaneous Adipose Of the Bowhead Whale (Balaena mysticetus)

Cetacean evolution was shaped by an extraordinary land‐to‐sea transition in which the ancestors of whales became fully aquatic. As part of this transition, these mammals evolved unusually thick blubber which acts as a metabolic reservoir as well as an insulator and provides buoyancy and streamlining. This study describes blubber stratification and correlates it to seasonal variation, feeding patterns, and ontogeny in an arctic‐adapted mysticete, the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus). Bowheads are unique among mammals for possessing the largest known blubber stores. We found that adipocyte numbers in bowheads, like other mammals, do not vary with season or feeding pattern but that adipocyte size and structural fiber densities do vary with blubber depth. Anat Rec, 298:1416–1423, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Iterated register coalescing

An important function of any register allocator is to target registers so as to eliminate copy instructions. Graph-coloring register allocation is an elegant approach to this problem. If the source and destination of a move instruction do not interfere, then their nodes can be coalesced in the interference graph. Chaitin's coalescing heuristic could make a graph uncolorable (i.e., introduce spills); Briggs et al. demonstrated a conservative coalescing heuristic that preserves colorability. But Briggs's algorithm is too conservative and leaves too many move instructions in our programs. We show how to interleave coloring reductions with Briggs's coalescing heuristic, leading to an algorithm that is safe but much more aggressive.
Auto-Generation of Test Cases for Infinite States Reactive Systems Based on Symbolic Execution and Formula Rewriting

It is an attractive research topic to use model checking technique to automatically generate test cases in the research community of formal method and software testing, and recent years has witnessed many work. For infinite states systems with input/output domains defined on unbounded and abstract types, in many contexts, explicit finite state models are not attained easily with the reasonable cost, therefore, testing with traditional model checking is often considered. This paper presents the idea of auto-generation of test cases based on symbolic execution and temporal formula rewriting method. The method proceeds with building the symbolic representation of program execution model, such that it can avoid explicitly building the model of infinite states systems with the enumeration of value of input and output or state explosion problem; Then temporal formula (test purposes) rewriting is applied to the symbolic execution model of program to generate complex constraint requirements according to the counterexample patterns related to test purposes and the suitable SMT(Satisfiability Modulo Theory) solver is called for generating test cases. Notablely, the procedures of model building and formula rewriting(the light-weighted model checking) are independent, in other word, the counterexamples are derived without system knowledge. The prototype tool is developed, including main data structures and algorithms. Some case studies are conducted though they are simple.
Endothelin Type A Receptor Blockade Attenuates the Hypertension in Response to Chronic Reductions in Uterine Perfusion Pressure

A chronic reduction in uterine perfusion pressure in pregnant rats is associated with a significant elevation in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and reduction in kidney function. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of endothelin in mediating the hypertension in response to chronic reductions in uterine perfusion pressure in conscious, chronically instrumented, pregnant rats. MAP in pregnant rats with chronic reductions in uterine perfusion pressure (123.0±1.8 mm Hg) was significantly higher than that in control pregnant rats (101.3±4.0 mm Hg). Renal expression of preproendothelin mRNA as determined by ribonuclease protection assay was also significantly elevated in the medulla (>45%, P <0.05) and in the cortex (>22%, P <0.05) of the pregnant rats with chronic reductions in uterine perfusion pressure compared with control pregnant rats. Chronic administration of the selective endothelin type A receptor antagonist (ABT-627, 5 mg/kg per day for 10 days) markedly attenuated the increase in MAP observed in the pregnant rats with chronic reductions in uterine perfusion pressure (103.3±5.6 mm Hg, plus endothelin antagonist;P <0.05). However, endothelin type A receptor blockade had no significant effect on blood pressure in the normal pregnant animals (96.0±2.7 mm Hg, plus endothelin antagonist). These findings suggest that endothelin plays a major role in mediating the hypertension produced by chronic reductions in uterine perfusion pressure in pregnant rats.
Long-term affective and cognitive outcome in depressed older adults.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this naturalistic study was to examine the long-term (15 months and 4 years) cognitive and affective outcome following treatment with either cyclic antidepressants or ECT in depressed older adults. METHOD Fifty-five patients meeting criteria for major depression were rated as to cognitive impairment and were treated as clinically indicated with either a cyclic antidepressant or ECT. Long-term outcome was determined through psychometric retesting 15 months (N = 47) and approximately 4 years (N = 44) after treatment. RESULTS Analysis of 15-month and 4-year outcome evaluations revealed that the majority of patients improved over time with respect to their depression, regardless of whether they exhibited pretreatment cognitive impairment or were treated with cyclic antidepressants or ECT. Fifteen months and 4 years after treatment, 72.3% and 83.7% of patients, respectively, exhibited clinically meaningful improvement. However, patients given both cyclic antidepressants and ECT demonstrated a relatively high rate of rehospitalization (50%) over the course of the 4 years. Except for patients who developed dementia, cognitive functioning remained stable or improved for the majority of patients. In patients who received ECT, those with normal pretreatment cognition had stable cognitive functioning over time and those who had pretreatment cognitive dysfunction showed improvement over the 4-year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study indicate that the long-term prognosis of depression in older adults is generally favorable, although they may be prone to relapse and recurrence, which points to the need for rigorous monitoring and follow-up care.
Parameterized Property Testing of Functions

We investigate the parameters in terms of which the complexity of sublinear-time algorithms should be expressed. Our goal is to find input parameters that are tailored to the combinatorics of the specific problem being studied and design algorithms that run faster when these parameters are small. This direction enables us to surpass the (worst-case) lower bounds, expressed in terms of the input size, for several problems. Our aim is to develop a similar level of understanding of the complexity of sublinear-time algorithms to the one that was enabled by research in parameterized complexity for classical algorithms. Specifically, we focus on testing properties of functions. By parameterizing the query complexity in terms of the size r of the image of the input function, we obtain testers for monotonicity and convexity of functions of the form f:[n]→ R with query complexity O (log r), with no dependence on n. The result for monotonicity circumvents the Ω (log n) lower bound by Fischer (Inf. Comput. 2004) for this problem. We present several other parameterized testers, providing compelling evidence that expressing the query complexity of property testers in terms of the input size is not always the best choice.
Claudin-1 and -2: Novel Integral Membrane Proteins Localizing at Tight Junctions with No Sequence Similarity to Occludin

Occludin is the only known integral membrane protein localizing at tight junctions (TJ), but recent targeted disruption analysis of the occludin gene indicated the existence of as yet unidentified integral membrane proteins in TJ. We therefore re-examined the isolated junction fraction from chicken liver, from which occludin was first identified. Among numerous components of this fraction, only a broad silver-stained band ∼22 kD was detected with the occludin band through 4 M guanidine-HCl extraction as well as sonication followed by stepwise sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Two distinct peptide sequences were obtained from the lower and upper halves of the broad band, and similarity searches of databases allowed us to isolate two full-length cDNAs encoding related mouse 22-kD proteins consisting of 211 and 230 amino acids, respectively. Hydrophilicity analysis suggested that both bore four transmembrane domains, although they did not show any sequence similarity to occludin. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that both proteins tagged with FLAG or GFP were targeted to and incorporated into the TJ strand itself. We designated them as “claudin-1” and “claudin-2”, respectively. Although the precise structure/function relationship of the claudins to TJ still remains elusive, these findings indicated that multiple integral membrane proteins with four putative transmembrane domains, occludin and claudins, constitute TJ strands.
How Can the Peer Leader Help Students in Workshop Trust their Partner's Knowledge?

I became interested in assisting the students in workshop to be more cooperative as a team by using the pair problem-solving method. This method helped the students communicate openly with each other by breaking the barriers of not being afraid or intimidated. Working in small groups students were able to discuss the workshop tasks and as a result, they built trust by performing better in Math 1175 (Fundamentals of Mathematics). Observations My group consisted of six students in MAT1175 (Fundamentals of Mathematics, covering Algebra and Geometry). The first workshop started with an ice-breaker. Firstly, the students were encouraged to form a circle and then to introduce themselves by saying their names and their majors. Getting to know other students in the first day of the workshop was intimidating for a couple of the students but for the majority of the group it was fun and a relaxing activity. This ice-breaking method created a positive atmosphere and also stimulated cooperation and participation among the students. Therefore, this procedure was an initial and important step so that the students can interact with each other and break down social barriers. The Peer Leader explained the Pair Problem-Solving method (Narode, 2012). Students were separated into three groups and a series of problems were assigned. Each pair had a specific role. Each pair had a Problem-Solver and a Listener. In this introductory method explained by the peer leader, the problemsolver explains and analyzes the problem by solving it, while the listener collaborates with the problem-solver by asking questions to solve the task gradually and to find the solution of the problem. The listener must ensure that the problem-solver follows the right procedure to complete the task correctly. Pair ProblemSolving is an active way of learning that helps and improves the student’s skills to solve a task. Two different types of students were observed during the Pair Problem-Solving method: two pairs worked well, participating in the pair-problem solving method. The students were active and collaborated with each other. There was an open discussion and students were willing to share ideas. Students showed an interest in learning and felt comfortable among each other. They built trust and were confident while learning new information. Students shared their thoughts and opinions in how to solve the task and they felt certain in their answers. One pair did not work well: Student who did not interact with the other student. One student was inactive and avoided participation. There was no exchange of ideas between the two students. The student worked individually. The inactive student worked alone continuously and did not expect to achieve any
Microbial community dynamics and function associated with rhizosphere over periods of rice growth

A field experiment was conducted to illustrate the different degree and dynamics of microbial community struc ture and function in the rhizosphere across four growing stages (before plantation and three growth stages) using a combination of biochemical (enzyme assay and microbial biomass carbon) and molecular approaches of qPCR and PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). Rice plant cultivation promoted higher enzyme activities (invertase and urease), microbial biomass carbon (C mic ), bacterial (16S rRNA) and fungal (ITS rRNA) genes abundances in the rhizosphere compared to unplanted soil. Principal component analyses of PCR-DGGE profile also revealed that structures of bacterial and fungal communities of rice planted soil were well distinct from unplanted soil. Moreover, enzyme activities showed a significant positive correlation with the total microbial biomass in the rhizosphere throughout growth stages of rice plant. Relative fungal: bacterial ratios were significantly higher in rice planted soil compared to unplanted soil, suggesting rice plantation enhanced the fungal community in the rice rhizosphere environment. These results further suggest a significant linkage between the mi crobial community dynamics and function in the rhizosphere associated with rice plant over time.
Distribution Systems High-Impedance Fault Location: A Parameter Estimation Approach

High-impedance fault location has always been a challenge for protection engineering. On the other hand, if this task is successfully realized, maintenance action could be performed in order to avoid potential injuries. For an effective protection scheme, high-impedance fault location should be performed, but a lack of research on this area is noted. This paper proposes a new analytical formulation for high-impedance fault location in power systems. The approach is developed in the time domain, considering a high-impedance fault model consisting of two antiparallel diodes. Using this model, the fault distance and parameters are estimated as a minimization problem. First, a linear least square-based estimator is applied without consideration of line capacitance. Second, a steepest descent-based estimator is proposed in order to consider the line capacitance. Studies were carried out with the IEEE 13 bus modeled in the Alternate Transients Program. Encouraging test results are found indicating the method's potential for real-life applications.
Carbohydrate structure database merged from bacterial, archaeal, plant and fungal parts

The Carbohydrate Structure Databases (CSDBs, http://csdb.glycoscience.ru) store structural, bibliographic, taxonomic, NMR spectroscopic, and other data on natural carbohydrates and their derivatives published in the scientific literature. The CSDB project was launched in 2005 for bacterial saccharides (as BCSDB). Currently, it includes two parts, the Bacterial CSDB and the Plant&Fungal CSDB. In March 2015, these databases were merged to the single CSDB. The combined CSDB includes information on bacterial and archaeal glycans and derivatives (the coverage is close to complete), as well as on plant and fungal glycans and glycoconjugates (almost all structures published up to 1998). CSDB is regularly updated via manual expert annotation of original publications. Both newly annotated data and data imported from other databases are manually curated. The CSDB data are exportable in a number of modern formats, such as GlycoRDF. CSDB provides additional services for simulation of 1H, 13C and 2D NMR spectra of saccharides, NMR-based structure prediction, glycan-based taxon clustering and other.
Detecting Stress in Spoken English using Decision Trees and Support Vector Machines

This paper describes an approach to the detection of stress in spoken New Zealand English. After identifying the vowel segments of the speech signal, the approach extracts two different sets of features - prosodic features and vowel quality features - from the vowel segments. These features are then normalised and scaled to obtain speaker independent feature values that can be used to classify each vowel segment as stressed or unstressed. We used Decision Trees (C4.5) and Support Vector Machines (LIBSVM) to learn stress-detecting classifiers with various combinations of the features. The approach was evaluated on 60 adult female utterances with 703 vowels and a maximum accuracy of 84.72% was achieved. The results showed that a combination of features derived from duration and amplitude achieved the best performance but the vowel quality features also achieved quite reasonable results.
Emergence of Naming in Preschoolers: A Comparison of Multiple and Single Exemplar Instruction

Several reports have demonstrated the emergence of the Naming capability as a function of multiple exemplar instructions (MEI). We compared singular exemplar instruction (SEI) and (MEI) on emergence of untaught listener and speaker responses (Naming) by preschool children who were missing Naming using combined experimental-control group and nested single-case multiple probe designs. We taught training sets of pictures using MEI to 4-participants and the same sets using SEI to another 4-participants with numbers of instructional presentations for SEI participants matched to the MEI participants. Naming emerged for the MEI group but did not for the SEI group. Subsequently, the SEI participants received MEI and Naming emerged. Instructional histories that involve the rotation of speaker listener responding appear to predict the emergence of Naming. We discuss the findings in terms of the relation of the MEI as the source of Naming as a higher order operant and whether or not Naming is a relational frame.
Long‐distance seed dispersal in a metapopulation of Banksia hookeriana inferred from a population allocation analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphism data

There is currently a poor understanding of the nature and extent of long‐distance seed dispersal, largely due to the inherent difficulty of detection. New statistical approaches and molecular markers offer the potential to accurately address this issue. A log‐likelihood population allocation test (aflpop) was applied to a plant metapopulation to characterize interpopulation seed dispersal. Banksia hookeriana is a fire‐killed shrub, restricted to sandy dune crests in fire‐prone shrublands of the Eneabba sandplain, southwest Australia. Population genetic variation was assessed for 221 individuals sampled from 21 adjacent dune‐crest populations of B. hookeriana using amplified fragment length polymorphism. Genetic diversity was high, with 175 of 183 (96%) amplified fragment length polymorphism markers polymorphic. Of the total genetic diversity, 8% was partitioned among populations by amova and FST. There was no relationship between genetic diversity within populations and population demographic parameters such as population size and sample size. A population allocation test on these data unambiguously assigned 177 of 221 (80.1%) individuals to a single population. Of these, 171 (77.4% of total) were assigned to the population from which they were sampled and 6 (2.7% of total) were assigned to a known population other than the one from which they were sampled. A further 9 (4.1% of total) were assigned to outside the sampled metapopulation area, and 35 individuals (15.8%) could not be assigned unambiguously to any particular population. These results suggest that both the extent [15 of 221 (6.8%) individuals originating from a population other than the one in which they occur] and distance (1.6 to > 2.5 km), of seed dispersal between dune‐crest populations is greater than expected from previous studies. The extent of long‐distance interpopulation seed dispersal observed provides a basis for explaining the survival of populations of the fire‐killed B. hookeriana in a landscape experiencing frequent fire, where local extinctions and recolonizations may be a regular occurrence.