Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Psychology of Study Success in Universities

Universities around the world are under increasing pressure to maintain high levels of graduation and to make study processes as efficient as possible, with teachers and students struggling to meet the expectations placed upon them as a result. The Psychology of Study Success in Universities asks whether it is possible to meet these demands at the same time as protecting the well-being of students. Drawing on an extensive and detailed analysis of study success in universities in Finland, the authors of this thought-provoking work argue that universities should be more concerned with students’ satisfaction and place greater weight on students’ perceptions of the elements that enhance or hinder their success. The book provides a multidimensional picture of the studentand teachingrelated factors that promote study success. Giving voice to graduate students, including those enrolled a PhD program, the authors look at the resources that students have at their disposal to establish what inspires and motivates the students, what slows them down, and what kinds of experiences students have of successful studies. Määttä and Uusiautti present a wealth of high-quality research showing that good teaching and successful study processes can be secured by immediate and caring interaction, flexible and student-centred teaching and supervision, and interdisciplinary collaboration between teachers. The Psychology of Study Success in Universities is essential reading for academics, researchers, and postgraduate students in the fields of education and psychology, as well as for those interested in positive psychology, student well-being, and pedagogical studies.
Etanercept for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease: A single center experience

Background Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is an important complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). High dose glucocorticosteroids, are currently recommended as first-line treatment for grade II-IV aGVHD resulting in overall complete responses (CR) in 40%-50% of patients. No standard second-line regimen has been established. Different options have been reported, including anti-TNFα antibodies. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of 15 patients with steroid-refractory (SR) aGVHD treated with etanercept at our institution. Patients were transplanted for a hematological malignancy and received either a myeloablative or a non-myeloablative conditioning regimen. Prophylaxis of GVHD consisted of cyclosporin A and mycophenolic acid. Results Acute GVHD was diagnosed at a median of 61 days post-transplantation. All patients had grade III aGVHD of the gut. Second-line treatment with etanercept was started at a median of 13 days after initiation of first-line therapy. Overall response rate was 53%, with CR in 3 patients and PR in 5 patients. Median overall survival after initiation of treatment with etanercept was 66 days (range 5–267) for the entire group. Median overall survival was 99 days (range 47–267 days) for responders and 17 days (range 5–66 days) for non-responders (p<0.01). Nevertheless, all patients died. Causes of death were progressive GVHD in 7 patients (47%), infection in 6 patients (40%), cardiac death in 1 patient (6.7%) and relapse in 1 patient (6,7%). Conclusion Second-line treatment with etanercept does induce responses in SR-aGVHD of the gut but appears to be associated with poor long-term survival even in responding patients.
Mapping lineage progression of somatic progenitor cells in the mouse fetal testis

Testis morphogenesis is a highly orchestrated process involving lineage determination of male germ cells and somatic cell types. Although the origin and differentiation of germ cells are known, the developmental course specific for each somatic cell lineage has not been clearly defined. Here, we construct a comprehensive map of somatic cell lineage progression in the mouse testis. Both supporting and interstitial cell lineages arise from WT1+ somatic progenitor pools in the gonadal primordium. A subpopulation of WT1+ progenitor cells acquire SOX9 expression and become Sertoli cells that form testis cords, whereas the remaining WT1+ cells contribute to progenitor cells in the testis interstitium. Interstitial progenitor cells diversify through the acquisition of HES1, an indication of Notch activation, at the onset of sex determination. HES1+ interstitial progenitors, through the action of Sertoli cell-derived Hedgehog signals, become positive for GLI1. The GLI1+ interstitial cells eventually develop into two cell lineages: steroid-producing fetal Leydig cells and non-steroidogenic cells. The fetal Leydig cell population is restricted by Notch2 signaling from the neighboring somatic cells. The non-steroidogenic progenitor cells retain their undifferentiated state during fetal stage and become adult Leydig cells in post-pubertal testis. These results provide the first lineage progression map that illustrates the sequential establishment of somatic cell populations during testis morphogenesis. Highlighted Article: Somatic progenitor cell populations in the mouse testis are defined by progressive lineage-specific acquirement of WT1, HES1, SOX9 and GLI1 beginning at the time of sex determination.
Cyclophilin A/Cluster of Differentiation 147 Interactions Participate in Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

Objectives:Cyclophilin A has been found to be involved in many inflammatory diseases via its receptor, cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147). This study was designed to estimate the potential role of cyclophilin A/CD147 in subarachnoid hemorrhage–induced early brain injury. Design:Controlled in vivo laboratory study. Setting:Animal research laboratory. Subjects:Two hundred ninety adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300–350 g. Interventions:A prechiasmatic cistern single-injection model was used to produce experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in Sprague-Dawley rats. The expressions of cyclophilin A and CD147, the interaction between cyclophilin A and CD147, and the secretion of cyclophilin A were assessed using immunofluorescence staining, Western blot analysis, and coimmunoprecipitation analysis. Down-regulation of cyclophilin A expression by small interfering RNA was performed, and recombinant human cyclophilin A and monoclonal antibody of CD147 were exploited to study the role of cyclophilin A/CD147 in subarachnoid hemorrhage–induced early brain injury. Measurements and Main Results:The expressions of cyclophilin A and CD147 in neurons were higher than that of the sham group and peaked at 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Compared with sham group, subarachnoid hemorrhage was found to increase the secretion of cyclophilin A and the interaction between cyclophilin A and CD147. Cyclophilin A small interfering RNA and anti-CD147 treatments were found to ameliorate subarachnoid hemorrhage–induced early brain injury, including cortical apoptosis and necrosis, brain edema, blood-brain barrier damage, and neurobehavioral deficits. Cyclophilin A small interfering RNA and anti-CD147 treatments also decreased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2, the protein levels of p53 and caspase-3, and the level of active nuclear factor-&kgr;B. Finally, recombinant human cyclophilin A treatment resulted in an opposite effect, which was inhibited by anti-CD147 treatment. Conclusions:Cyclophilin A/CD147 interactions may participate in subarachnoid hemorrhage–induced early brain injury via increasing neuronal apoptosis pathway, at least partly through the ERK1/2-nuclear factor-&kgr;B pathway. Cyclophilin A/CD147 may be a suitable therapeutic target for subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Diagnosis of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia by detection and identification of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae by PCR and restriction enzyme analysis

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), one of the most serious and dramatic diseases of goats, is caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (M. capripneumoniae). This organism is very difficult to isolate and to correctly identify. In a previous report we described a method for the rapid detection and identification of M. capripneumoniae. This method is based on a PCR system by which a segment of the 16S rRNA gene from all mycoplasmas of the M. mycoides cluster can be amplified. The PCR product is then analyzed by restriction enzyme cleavage for the identification of M. capripneumoniae DNA. This system has now been further evaluated with respect to specificity and diagnostic efficacy for the identification and direct detection of the organism in clinical material. Identification by restriction enzyme analysis of amplified DNA from mycoplasmas of the M. mycoides cluster was verified for 55 strains, among which were 15 strains of M. capripneumoniae. The PCR was applied to clinical samples from the nose, ear, pharynx, pleural fluid, and lung tissue containing M. capripneumoniae or other mycoplasmas. As expected, mycoplasmas belonging to the M. mycoides cluster could be detected by the PCR. Restriction enzyme analysis of the PCR products could then be applied for the identification of M. capripneumoniae. Clinical samples and cultures containing M. capripneumoniae were dried on filter paper, to try an easier sample transport method, and were tested by PCR. M. capripneumoniae DNA could be detected in the dried specimens, but the sensitivity of the PCR test was reduced.
CMX001 (1-O-Hexadecyloxypropyl-Cidofovir) Inhibits Polyomavirus JC Replication in Human Brain Progenitor-Derived Astrocytes

ABSTRACT Polyomavirus JC (JCV) replication causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a frequently fatal brain disease in immunodeficient patients, yet antiviral drugs are lacking. We characterized the lipid conjugate 1-O-hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (CMX001) regarding JCV (Mad-4) replication in human brain progenitor-derived astrocytes (PDA) and the simian virus 40 (SV40) large-T-antigen-expressing COS-7 cells up to 7 days postinfection (dpi). We examined JCV loads by PCR, the infection rate by immunofluorescence, and host cell toxicity by WST-1 and BrdU incorporation assays. Supernatants from CMX001-treated PDA demonstrated a drug concentration-dependent decrease in JCV loads and infectivity. CMX001 had only a modest effect on host cell metabolism but reduced overall BrdU incorporation. In PDA at 7 dpi, the CMX001 50% effective concentration (EC50) was 5.55 nM, the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was 184.6 nM, and the 50% selectivity index (SI50) was 33.3. The EC90 was 19.7 nM, the CC90 was 5,054 nM, and the SI90 was 256.1. In COS-7 cells, JCV replication was faster and the EC50 and EC90 were 18- and 37-fold higher than those in PDA, i.e., 0.1 μM and 0.74 μM (CC50, 0.67 μM; SI50, 6.7; CC90, 12.2 μM; SI90, 16.5) at 5 dpi. We conclude that CMX001 inhibits JCV replication at concentrations in vitro that can be attained by oral administration without significant side effects in clinical studies.
Relative preservation of natural killer cell cytotoxicity and number in healthy AIDS patients with low CD4 cell counts

ObjectiveThis study examines whether there may be an immune component that protects a relatively rare group of HIV-infected people with very low CD4 cell counts (⩽ 50 × 106/l) who have prolonged asymptomatic periods. Design/methodsThree groups were recruited in Miami: (i) healthy low CD4 cell count patients (HLC; n = 30) who, for 9 months had < 50 × 106 CD4 cells/l, were asymptomatic and were not on protease inhibitors during that time; (ii) HIV comparison group (Comp; n = 60) who had CD4 cell counts predominantly 150 × 106 to 400 × 106/l and never had AIDS Category C symptoms; this group was also followed for CD4 cell count and viral load change over 6 months; and (iii) healthy community controls (n = 33). The study was replicated at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) with HLC (n = 31) versus HIV-negative laboratory controls (n = 28). ResultsThe HLC patients were significantly higher than the Comp group on natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) and natural killer cell number (NK#) despite their lower CD4 cell numbers and higher viral loads. In fact, there was no difference between the HLC group and the healthy community control group in NK# or NKCC. The NK findings were replicated at UCLA. A retrospective analysis showing that higher NKCC was related to fewer prior symptoms in the HLC group, and prospective analysis in the Comp group showing that NK# predicted a lower increase in viral load over 6 months further supported the importance of NK# and NKCC. ConclusionsNon-specific cellular immunity may be a factor protecting the health of HIV sero-positive individuals with very low CD4 cell counts.
The Effects of Alcohol on Suicide Rate in Russia

High suicide rate in Russia and its profound fluctuations over the past decades have attracted considerable interest. Purpose: To estimate the aggregate level effect of alcohol on the suicide rate in Russia. Method: Trends in age-adjusted, sex-specific suicide and alcoholism mortality rate (as a proxy for alcohol consumption) from 1956 to 2005 in Russia were analyzed employing an ARIMA analysis in order to asses bivariate relationship between the two time series. Results: The results of the time series analysis indicates the presence of a statistically significant association between the two time series at zero lag for male (r=0.61; SE=0.142), and for female (r=0.44; SE=0.142). Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study replicates previous findings suggesting close aggregate level association between alcohol and suicide mortality in Russia. The outcome of this study provides indirect support for the hypothesis that alcohol played a crucial role in the fluctuation in suicide mortality rate in Russia during recent decades.
The Benefits of Walking Your Talk: Aggregate Effects of Behavioral Integrity on Guest Satisfaction, Turnover, and Hotel Profitability

Extending theory on behavioral integrity to department and business unit levels of analysis, we examined a chain of relationships culminating in operational and financial performance measures. Specifically, we analyzed survey data from 6,800 workers from 76 same-branded US hotels and integrated it with operational and financial data. Latent variables structural equation modeling and path analyses showed strong associations between manager behavioral integrity and worker turnover, customer satisfaction, and hotel profitability. In fact, behavioral integrity accounted for 13% of the variance in profitability across hotels. This relationship was partially mediated by trust in managers, affective commitment, and discretionary service behavior.
DISPOSITION EFFECT TERHADAP HUBUNGAN ANTARA NILAI FUNDAMENTAL DAN HARGA SAHAM PADA PERIODE KRISIS FINANSIAL

Stock price was positively affected by a change of company fundamental value which included profitability,growth, and dividend factors. Excess volatility hypothesis, on the other hand, indicated that stock price wastoo volatile correlated to its fundamental value. This study empirically investigated the moderating impact ofdisposition effect - the tendency to sell stocks that had appreciated in price (winners) too soon and to hold stocksthat trade price below the purchase price (losers) too long - on the relationship between fundamental values andstock prices. Fifty-three stocks of Indonesian Stock Exchange were chosen as the research sample based onsampling criteria for the periods before, during, and after the 2008 financial crisis. By using multiple regressionsanalyses, this study revealed that during these periods, disposition effect weakened the positive relationshipbetween earning per share and stock prices as well as between book value per share and stock prices. Thehigher the proportion of disposition investors, the less sensitive the stock price to the changes in fundamentalvariables. Unlike previous studies that investigated the direct impact of disposition effects on stock prices, thisstudy investigated the indirect impact of disposition effect on stock prices. Thus, this study contributed to theexisting behavioral finance literature by providing some useful insights into understanding why stock priceswere less sensitive to the changes in fundamental variables in the presence of disposition effect.
CCR7, CCR8, CCR9 and CCR10 in the mouse hippocampal CA1 area and the dentate gyrus during and after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus

The present study showed CCR7, CCR8, CCR9 and CCR10 in the normal Swiss mouse hippocampus at both protein and mRNA levels. CCR7, CCR9 and CCR10 were mainly localized in hippocampal principal cells and some interneurons. CCR9 was also found in the mossy fibres and/or terminals, suggesting an axonal or presynaptic localization, and CCR10 in apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 area. CCR8 was observed in interneurons. Double‐labelling immunocytochemistry revealed that most of calbindin (CB)‐, calretinin (CR)‐ and parvalbumin (PV)‐immunopositive neurons expressed CCR7–10, except CR‐immunopositive cells in which only 10 to 12% expressed CCR8. During and after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus, progressive changes of each of CCR7, CCR8, CCR9 and CCR10 proteins occurred in different patterns at various time points. Sensitive real‐time PCR showed similar change patterns at mRNA level. At the chronic stage, i.e. at 2 months after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus, significant reduction of CCR7–10 expression in CB‐, CR‐ and PV‐immunpositive interneurons may suggest the phenotype change of surviving interneurons. Double labelling of CCR7, CCR8 and CCR9 with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) at the chronic stage may suggest an induced expression in reactive astrocytes. The present study may, therefore, for the first time, provide evidence that CCR7–10 may be involved in normal hippocampal activity. The demonstration of the progressive changes of CCR7–10 during and after status epilepticus may open a new area to reveal the mechanism of neuronal loss after status epilepticus and of epileptogenesis.
Curricula in Teacher Education for Diversity in the University of Namibia

Namibia’s classroom compositions are diverse. Its policies on diversity reflect international practices of achieving Education for All. It advocates for teacher education that is responsive to the country’s needs. What is unknown is what a socio-cultural curriculum means in Namibian teacher education. This article focuses on the nature of the UNAM’s B.Ed. curriculum and how students learn its contents. I argue that teacher education for diversity should go beyond traditional teacher education programmes. Its curricula should adopt a socio-cultural view. Coursework and teaching practice should reflect the needs of learners and society. Data collection consisted of documents, and interviews. Content analysis was used. Findings revealed that teaching practice lacked dedication in regard to diversity teaching. Consequently, the B.Ed. Programme partially equipped students with competencies to teach diverse learners because coursework alone cannot suffice. The study contributes to knowledge of what a socio-cultural curriculum means in Namibian teacher education.
Transcriptional Activation of the Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene Mediated by Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate*

Transcriptional activation of human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA induced by a phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), was examined to identify the responsive transcriptional regulator. The effect of various deletions and mutations within the 5′-flanking region of the human MnSOD gene promoter was evaluated using the luciferase reporter system in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Deletion of a region between −1292 and −1202 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site abolished TPA-responsive induction, whereas deletion of the putative binding sequence for NF-κB or AP-1 did not. The region between −1292 and −1202 contains a cAMP-responsive element-like sequence, TGACGTCT, which we identified as the manganese superoxide dismutase TPA-responsive element, MSTRE. Site-specific mutation of the MSTRE abolished the TPA-responsive induction, validating the critical role of this sequence. We detected specific MSTRE activity from nuclear extracts and demonstrated by antibody supershift assay that this activity is closely related to CREB-1/ATF-1. TPA treatment rapidly induced phosphorylation of the CREB-1/ATF-1-like factor via the protein kinase C pathway. These results led us to conclude that the human MnSOD gene having the promoter construct used in this study is induced by TPA via activation of a CREB-1/ATF-1-like factor and not via either NF-κB or AP-1. In addition, we found that this induction was blocked by inhibitors of flavoproteins and NADPH oxidases, indicating involvement of enhanced generation of superoxide radical anion as an upstream signal.
[Cognitive reserve questionnaire. Scores obtained in a healthy elderly population and in one with Alzheimer's disease].

INTRODUCTION The term cognitive reserve describes the capacity of the adult brain to minimise the clinical manifestation of a neurodegenerative process. The acquisition of cognitive reserve has been linked to the performance of certain intellectual and cognitive activities throughout the whole of the individual's life. AIMS To create a new cognitive reserve questionnaire (CRQ), to establish its relation with the cognitive functions and to obtain the standard values in the cognitively healthy elderly Spanish population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 55 cognitively healthy controls and 53 patients with Alzheimer's disease. All the subjects were asked to complete the CRQ, which consists of eight items with several different possible answers, together with a brief neuropsychological battery. RESULTS Age had no significant influence on the score obtained on the CRQ in either of the groups, yet the number of years of schooling did exert a significant effect. In both groups significant correlations were found between the score on the CRQ and performance in neuropsychological tests that measure executive functioning. CONCLUSIONS The CRQ is a useful questionnaire for assessing the degree of cognitive reserve in healthy controls and in patients in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. The CRQ is associated with the cognitive performance of executive functioning.
Network reconstruction based on grouped sparse nonlinear graphical granger causality

The ability to reconstruct complex networks plays an important role in our understanding of how nodes interact with each other and how information flows coordinate node's dynamic behaviors. Many similarity-based methods usually prefer steady-state data to time-series and perform poorly with the latter, such as pearson correlation and mutual information. Meanwhile, these similarity-based methods result in networks of non-directional structure. Moreover, various methods have been proposed based on linear dynamic models. One of the most representative methods is graphical granger causality. In this paper,we consider the problem of discovering network structure from time-series and introduce a novel method for reconstructing nonlinear causal interactions among nodes in complex networks, termed as grouped sparse nonlinear graphical granger causality, which is particularly fit for directionality and nonlinearity of real network systems. The performance of our proposed method is evaluated on synthetic datasets and the benchmark datasets of Dream3 Challenge4. Both the result of them demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms other methods.