Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
53 DICHOTOMIES AND SCALES

The following paper is based on the assumption that an increased interest in natural language manifestations, supported by the ethnography of communication in general and discourse analysis (or conversational analysis) in particular, has brought into the focus of linguists’ attention not only a preference for a descriptive (rather than a prescriptive) approach to language-in-action data but also the finding that the analyst cannot be immune to various manifestations of fuzziness endowed in a natural language with specific communicative functions. For such purposes, the classical categorization of language devices, based on sets and subsets of discrete units, is a good starting point – but, in order to grasp the fuzzier semantics of human interaction, the descriptive apparatus should also be sensitive to a certain amount of vagueness, allowing for scales, which do not force the analyst into unambiguous decisions, simplifications, or exclusion of “problematic cases” (cf. Daneš, 1966: 11). As Enkvist (1994:43) puts it, “problems of categorization are still very much with us”. Pragmatically, dichotomies are more transparent than scales, and in our cognitive shaping of extra-linguistic reality, the two-valued categorization is supported by various life situations, in which we are faced with either/or decisions (e.g. library catalogues, questionnaires, test tasks, etc; cf. also Enkvist’s (1994:43) argument about computers which “in their present-day form are indeed epistemic tyrants insisting on clear, discrete classification”). In linguistics, the Aristotelian tradition of binarism has left deep imprints, amplified in the Prague School framework by the Jakobsonian conception of grammar as a “real ars obligatoria” that “imposes upon the speaker its yes-or-no decisions” (Jakobson, 1959: 141, cited from Enkvist, 1994:44), and “the heuristically motivated emphasis on contrast as a basic criterion in classical phonemics and morphemics” (Enkvist, op. cit. p. 44). There has, however, always been a dimension in the Prague School theoretical framework, sensitive to fuzziness and functional vagueness, typical of natural language ACTA UNIVERSITATIS PALACKIANAE OLOMUCENSIS FACULTAS PHILOSOPHICA PHILOSOPHICA 73 – 2000
3-D Source Seeking for Underactuated Vehicles Without Position Measurement

Our past work introduced source seeking methods for GPS-denied autonomous vehicles using only local signal measurement and operating in two dimensions. In this paper, we extend these results to three dimensions. The 3D extensions introduce many interesting challenges, including the choice of vehicle models in 3D, sensor placement to allow probing-based gradient estimation of an unknown signal field in 3D, the question of what type of pattern of vehicle motion can be produced in an underactuated 3D vehicle to allow tuning by single-loop or multiloop extremum seeking, and the shape of attractors, which become very complex in 3D. We present two control schemes that address these questions. The first scheme focuses on vehicles with a constant forward velocity and the ability to actuate pitch and yaw velocities. The second scheme employs vehicles with constant forward and pitch velocities and actuate only the roll velocity. Our results include convergence analysis and simulation results.
Hepatitis B Virus Infection Does Not Significantly Influence Plasmodium Parasite Density in Asymptomatic Infections in Ghanaian Transfusion Recipients

Background Areas endemic for malaria and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection largely overlap geographically. A recent study has suggested the existence of an interaction between the two pathogens in symptomatic co-infected individuals on the South-American continent. We examined this issue in a hyperendemic area for both pathogens in sub-Saharan Africa. Methodology and Findings Pre-transfusion samples from a retrospective cohort of 154 blood transfusion recipients were screened for both serological and molecular markers of HBV and Plasmodium genomes using species-specific nested PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. Thirty-seven individuals met exclusion criteria and were subsequently eliminated from further analysis. Of 117 participants, 90% of recipients exhibited evidence of exposure to HBV, 42% with HBsAg and/or HBV DNA and 48% anti-HBc reactive without detectable HBV DNA. Plasmodium genome prevalence by NAT was 50%. Parasitemic individuals were significantly younger than non-parasitemic individuals (P = 0.04). Parasitemia level was not significantly lower in individuals with HBV DNA positive infections compared to those with HBV DNA negative exposures. HBV DNA load was not significantly different in parasitemic and non-parasitemic individuals. Conclusion The data presented suggests that, in sub-Saharan Africa, asymptomatic co-infections with these two ubiquitous pathogens do not appear to significantly affect each other and evolve independently.
New method of contact detection in experimental granular shear flow

Different assemblies of granular materials are generated with varying solid fractions and are sheared in the 2D experimental shear flow apparatus with the objective of developing efficient contact detection methodology. The flow is recorded by high speed video camera, and the spatial positions of particle centers are obtained through image processing techniques. The experimental setup was managed to inspect the collision, collision time and collision partners while the experiment is on. Important observations of preand postcollision phenomena were made in order to find the precise criteria for distinguishing contacts. Based on these observations together with simple rules of physics, new contact detection algorithm is proposed. The results obtained from proposed method are compared with the visual observations in the digital video of the physical experiment with the help of motion analytical and particle tracking PTV software. It is revealed that the proposed method could detect the contacts with more than 90 percent accuracy in an average and is considerably accurate than the existing methods of contact detection in the physical experiments.
Comparative Study for Analysis the Prognostic in Hepatitis Data : Data Mining Approach

Data mining techniques are widely used in classification and prediction in the field of bioinformatics to analyze biomedical data. The purpose of the study is to investigate and compare (7) different classification algorithms namely, Naive Bayes, Naive Bayes updatable, FT Tree, KStar, J48, LMT, and Neural network for analyzing Hepatitis prognostic data. The results of the classification are accuracy and time. The study concludes that the Naive Bayes classification performance is better than other classification techniques for hepatitis dataset.
Are open-domain question answering technologies useful for information access dialogues?---an empirical study and a proposal of a novel challenge

There are strong expectations for the use of question answering technologies in information access dialogues, such as for information gathering and browsing. In this paper, we empirically examine what kinds of abilities are needed for question answering systems in such situations, and propose a challenge for evaluating those abilities objectively and quantitatively. We also show that existing technologies have the potential to address this challenge. From the empirical study, we found that questions that have values and names as answers account for a majority in realistic information-gathering situations and that those sequences of questions contain a wide range of reference expressions and are sometimes complicated by the inclusion of subdialogues and focus shifts. The challenge proposed is not only novel as an evaluation of the handling of information access dialogues, but also includes several valuable ideas such as categorization and characterization of information access dialogues, and introduces three measures to evaluate various aspects in addressing list-type questions and reference test sets for evaluating context-processing ability in isolation.
High-speed generator — Converter set for auxiliary power units

Common and significant features of power source for auxiliary power unit with variable highspeed generator-converter set are shown in this paper. Power electronics is one of the fastest developing technologies and this paper introduces the basic concepts in power conversion systems with highspeed generator. Main feature of these generators is surveyed too. Three different configurations of power converter are considered. The natural question arises: Does the high-speed concept change anything in the investigation? The efficiency of the overall system is here investigated and an optimal topology is discussed. Because switching of power electronics is a source of EMI, therefore, in this paper the attention is briefly focused also on electromagnetic interface.
Thermal-driven Circuit Partitioning and Floorplanning with Power Optimization

In this paper, we present methodology to distribute the temperature of gates evenly on a chip while simultaneously reducing the power consumption by using newly designed partitioning and floorplanning algorithms. This new partitioning algorithm is designed to partition blocks with well-balanced temperatures by altering the FM algorithm to include thermal constraints. Then, the suggested floorplanning algorithm can assign specific geometric locations to the blocks to refine the quality of the thermal distribution and to reduce power consumption. The combination of these two new algorithms, called TPO, is compared with the results of a conventional design procedure. As a result, power is reduced by up to 19% on average and a well-distributed thermal condition is achieved.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 6-[18p]fluoro-l-dopa Metabolism in Living Human Brain: a Comparison of Six Analytical Methods

In 11 normal volunteers and six patients with Parkinson's disease, we compared six different analyses of dopaminergic fu nction with L-3, 4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]fluorophenylalanine (FDOPA) and positron emission tomography (PET). The caudate nucleus, putamen, and several reference regions were identified in PET images, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The six analy­ ses included two direct determinations of DOPA decar­ boxylase activity (kr;, kj), the slope-intercept plot based on plasma concentration (K), two slope-intercept plots based on tissue content (k�, k�), and the striato-occipital ratio [R(n]. For all analyses, the difference between two groups of subjects (normal volunteers and patients with Parkinson's disease) was larger in the putamen than in the caudate. For the caudate nucleus, the DOPA decarbox­ The tracer L-3,4-dihydroxy-6-esF]fluorophenyl­ alanine (FDOPA) has been used widely to evaluate striatal dopaminergic functions in humans by posi­ tron emission tomography (PET). The enzyme aro­ matic amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD), or L-DOPA decarboxylase, is responsible for the re-57 kD, and striato-occipital ratio [R(n] analyses signifi­ cantly discriminated between the normal volunteers and the patients with Parkinson's disease (p < 0.005) [with least significance for kj (p < 0.05)], while the plasma slope-intercept plot (K) failed to do so. For the putamen, unteers were significantly higher than those of patients (p < 0.005) [with least significance for K (p < 0.025)]. Linear correlations were significant between kf and k�; � and �; kr; and R(n; and kr; and kj, in this order of signifi­ cance. We fo und no correlation between kr; and K values in the caudate nucleus. Key Words: Dopamine-DOPA
A Learning Technique to Determine Criteria for Multiple Document Summarization

In this paper we describe a new method of automatic summarization based on a learning step to identify criteria that maximize the correlation between human summary and peer extract. The proposed method uses a genetic algorithm to produce extracts from a collection of source documents describing the same event. Theses extracts are compared to human summaries using “Rouge measure” in order to identify the correlation between statistical and linguistic criteria and “Rouge score”. The experiment Results are presented for a document set extracted from the DUC’06 evaluation conference.
Malaria Journal Evaluation of Light Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Test for the Detection of Malaria under Operational Field Conditions: a Household Survey in Ethiopia

Background: In most resource-poor settings, malaria is usually diagnosed based on clinical signs and symptoms and not by detection of parasites in the blood using microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests (RDT). In population-based malaria surveys, accurate diagnosis is important: microscopy provides the gold standard, whilst RDTs allow immediate findings and treatment. The concordance between RDTs and microscopy in low or unstable transmission areas has not been evaluated.
User-driven dynamic traffic prioritization for home networks

Network contention in a multi-user home setting can degrade performance for all participants. To maximize user experience, we propose that traffic be prioritized based on the specific activity of the user: the more a user interacts with an application and its associated traffic flows, the higher the priority that the application's traffic should receive. We introduce a client-side application that resides on the user's machine that monitors user activity and interaction with the application. This application sends information to the home router about user activity associated with different traffic flows; the home router then prioritizes traffic for flows that correspond to interactive traffic over those that are not. Finally, we introduce a protocol that allows the router and application to communicate. We show that the collective system improves the user experience for interactive applications by providing better performance for traffic associated with applications that a user is interacting with directly.
IPhraxtor: A Linguistically Informed System for Extraction of Term Candidates

In this paper a method and a flexible tool for performing monolingual term extraction is presented, based on the use of syntactic analysis where information on parts-of-speech, syntactic functions and surface syntax tags can be utilised. The standard approaches to evaluating term extraction, namely by manual evaluation of the top n term candidates or by comparing to a gold standard consisting of a list of terms from a specific domain can have its advantages, but in this paper we try to realise a proposal by Bernier-Colborne (2012) where extracted terms are compared to a gold standard consisting of a test corpus where terms have been annotated in context. Apart from applying this evaluation to different configurations of the tool, practical experiences from using the tool for real world situations are described.
Efficient on-line identification of hot data for flash-memory management

Hot-data identification for flash-memory storage systems not only imposes great impacts on flash-memory garbage collection but also strongly affects the performance of flashmemory access and its life time (due to wear-levelling). In this research, we propose a highly efficient method for online hot-data identification with limited space requirements. Different from the past work, multiple independent hash functions are adopted to reduce the chance of false identification of hot data and provide predictable and excellent performance for hot-data identification. We not only propose an efficient implementation of the proposed framework but also conduct a series of experiments to verify the performance of the proposed method, in which very encouraging results are presented.
Operationalising performance management in local government: The use of the balanced scorecard

Orientation: Local government forms that part of the public sector closest to citizens and therefore indispensable in its role of providing essential goods and services and developing the local area. Local government has the authority and functions necessary to provide services for the maintenance and promotion of the well-being of all people within their area and should provide access to basic services such as water, electricity and health care.Research purpose: This study examines performance management as a tool in local government effective provision service delivery. The critical question addressed in this paper was how the balanced scorecard (BSC) can be used to improve performance in the context of local government and assist in eradicating the current challenges of lack of quality services, poverty and infrastructure development.Motivation for the study: The need for continuous improvement in service delivery at local government compounded by high levels of service delivery protest requires regular review of performance management system.Research approach: To understand the current context and challenges facing local government, the applicable legislative framework including the Constitution, white paper and the National Development Plans were perused to better understand the legal environment in which local government operates. A literature review was undertaken to evaluate theory on organisational effectiveness. Semi-structured interviews were used to solicit expert opinions.Main findings/managerial implications: The BSC approach emerged as the preferred tool because the method offered the authors the opportunity to review non-financial and financial factors to arrive at a balanced conclusion. A BSC tool was developed and applied to the Joe Gqabi District Municipality as a case study.Practical implications: The BSC as a performance management tool enables organisations to clarify their vision and strategy and translate them into goal or actions.Contribution/value-add: The research findings conclude that there was acknowledgement of the importance of performance measurement instruments in the municipality, yet the municipality still experienced challenges caused by the performance review process not being transparent and not communicated to all stakeholders.
A cluster-assisted global optimization method for high resolution medical image registration

Optimization is a key component of image registration. Due to the non-convexity and high computation cost of the objective function, a common tactic is to set an initial guess and then use multi-resolution or local optimization methods to find a local optimum of the objective function. For almost all local optimization methods, the initial location in the search space plays a critical role in the accuracy of the registration. Initial guesses are often obtained through data-specific methods. The paper offers a new hybrid optimization method assisted by a density-based clustering algorithm. The new method is less data-specific and more suitable for semi-automatic or automatic image registration. Global optimization does not guarantee timely convergence. A genetic algorithm is a component of our hybrid method; however, our method usually converges within a reasonable time. This new method has been applied to registering high resolution brain images.
Directly characterizing cross core interference through contention synthesis

In this paper, we present a direct methodology and framework for the measurement and characterization of an application's cross-core interference sensitivity on multicore microarchitectures. While prior works use indirect indicators, such as last level cache miss rate, to infer an application's cross-core interference sensitivity, our approach is direct, in that it characterizes the application's cross-core interference sensitivity using the performance impact due to actual contention. Our methodology and framework, the Cross-core interference Profiling Environment, or CiPE, is composed of a lightweight runtime environment on which a host application runs, along with a carefully designed contention synthesis engine that executes on a neighboring core. CiPE manipulates the co-running contention synthesis engine, while monitoring and analyzing the resulting dynamic impact on the host application. CiPE is able to characterize the cross-core interference sensitivity of the entire application, its individual phases, or source level code regions. To demonstrate the effectiveness of CiPE, we use CiPE characterizations to address two pressing problems. First, we use CiPE characterizations to perform contention conscious batch scheduling that minimizes cross-core interference, resulting in a 12% performance improvment on average when applied to the SPEC2006 benchmark suite, and beyond 20% in the case of mcf and omnetpp. Second, we use CiPE to design a performance analysis tool that is capable identifying contentious bottlenecks in application code.
A New Method to Analyze Failure Effects in Pervasive Computing Environment

Module based development take the dominant position in modern pervasive computing system design. Different models and methods have been proposed to estimate effects of module failure on system dependability given the information about system architecture and the interaction mechanism among modules. Most research work put their focuses on stochastic data error which is expected and proved to create unpredictable failures while functional failures are being overlooked. This paper presents a new method based on fault injection to analyze effects of functional module failure on the holistic system. In contrast to failures caused by data error which indicates that transient fault occurs, functional failures are more coincident with engineering practice as a consequence of the complicated interactions among system components. The method has a practical significance especially for pervasive computing systems those are often implemented as embedded systems and have relatively simple architecture diagrams. We demonstrate the analysis process with a case study and its application can extend to real systems.
Demographic change , immigration , and the labour market : A European perspective 1

After a long period of high unemployment, the EU is about to face a significant change in the demographic structure of its labour force, due to a reduction in fertility rates in the past, and increasing immigration flows. There is a long standing literature of empirical studies aiming at measuring the effects of cohort sizes and of immigration flows on employment and unemployment rates and on the wage profiles of several population groups. And there are some reasons to think that these effects depend on the institutions determining the functioning of the labour market. This paper argues that population ageing may produce a reduction of employment rates in the EU15 over the next two decades, as the share of the older workers in the labour force increase. Then it discusses the reasons why, despite this direct composition effects, there may be another indirect effects of changing composition of the labour supply on population specific employment and unemployment rates. Finally, it uses crosscountry data to find how the interaction between the age composition of the labour force and the share of foreign workers in the labour force, on the one hand, and labour market institutions, on the other hand, contribute to explaining international differences in age and gender-specific employment and unemployment rates.