Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relation Extraction Using Label Propagation Based Semi-Supervised Learning

Shortage of manually labeled data is an obstacle to supervised relation extraction methods. In this paper we investigate a graph based semi-supervised learning algorithm, a label propagation (LP) algorithm, for relation extraction. It represents labeled and unlabeled examples and their distances as the nodes and the weights of edges of a graph, and tries to obtain a labeling function to satisfy two constraints: 1) it should be fixed on the labeled nodes, 2) it should be smooth on the whole graph. Experiment results on the ACE corpus showed that this LP algorithm achieves better performance than SVM when only very few labeled examples are available, and it also performs better than bootstrapping for the relation extraction task.
Profiling and Grouping Users to Edge Resources According to User Interest Similarity

Cloud computing provides a shared pool of resources for large-scale distributed applications. Recent trends such as fog computing and edge computing spread the workload of clouds closer towards the edge of the network and the users. Exploiting the edge resources efficiently requires managing the resources and directing user traffic to the correct edge servers. In this paper we propose to profile and group users according to their interest profiles. We consider edge caching as an example and through our evaluation show the potential benefits of directing users from the same group to the same caches. We investigate a range of workloads and parameters and the same conclusions apply. Our results highlight the importance of grouping users and demonstrate the potential benefits of this approach.
Simple max-min ant systems and the optimization of linear pseudo-boolean functions

With this paper, we contribute to the understanding of ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms by formally analyzing their runtime behavior. We study simple MAX-MIN ant systems on the class of linear pseudo-Boolean functions defined on binary strings of length n. Our investigations point out how the progress according to function values is stored in the pheromones. We provide a general upper bound of O((n3 log n)ρ) on the running time for two ACO variants on all linear functions, where ρ determines the pheromone update strength. Furthermore, we show improved bounds for two well-known linear pseudo-Boolean functions called ONEMAX and BINVAL and give additional insights using an experimental study.
ROCK and mDia1 antagonize in Rho-dependent Rac activation in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts

The small GTPase Rho acts on two effectors, ROCK and mDia1, and induces stress fibers and focal adhesions. However, how ROCK and mDia1 individually regulate signals and dynamics of these structures remains unknown. We stimulated serum-starved Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts with LPA and compared the effects of C3 exoenzyme, a Rho inhibitor, with those of Y-27632, a ROCK inhibitor. Y-27632 treatment suppressed LPA-induced formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions as did C3 exoenzyme but induced membrane ruffles and focal complexes, which were absent in the C3 exoenzyme-treated cells. This phenotype was suppressed by expression of N17Rac. Consistently, the amount of GTP-Rac increased significantly by Y-27632 in LPA-stimulated cells. Biochemically, Y-27632 suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase and not that of Cas. Inhibition of Cas phosphorylation with PP1 or expression of a dominant negative Cas mutant inhibited Y-27632–induced membrane ruffle formation. Moreover, Crk-II mutants lacking in binding to either phosphorylated Cas or DOCK180 suppressed the Y-27632–induced membrane ruffle formation. Finally, expression of a dominant negative mDia1 mutant also inhibited the membrane ruffle formation by Y-27632. Thus, these results have revealed the Rho-dependent Rac activation signaling that is mediated by mDia1 through Cas phosphorylation and antagonized by the action of ROCK.
Fromconstraint to sufficiency: Thedecoupling of energy and carbon fromhumanneeds, 1975–2005

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Sustainable development Low–carbon development pathways IPAT Human Development Index Energy threshold for human needs Goldemberg corner We investigate the relationship between human needs, energy consumption and carbon emissions for several indicators of human development: life expectancy, literacy, income and the Human Development Index. We find that high human development can be achieved at moderate energy and carbon levels; increasing energy and carbon past this level does not necessarily contribute to higher living standards. By conducting a novel longitudinal analysis from 1975 to 2005, we observe a previously undetected decoupling of the per capita energy and carbon required for human needs. If resources were equally distributed, current energy and carbon levels would be more than sufficient to satisfy global human needs at high levels of human development. By projecting current trends to 2030, we demonstrate that the global energy consumption and carbon emissions required to satisfy human needs will decrease with time, despite growth in population. What levels of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions are required in order for nations to attain high levels of human development? The devastating impacts of anthropogenic climate change and the irreversible depletion of fossil resources motivate the urgency of determining whether adequate human development can occur with significantly less energy use and carbon emissions. Most previous research focuses on technical improvements and how these affect the GDP generated per unit energy input or carbon output, with economic growth projections forming the backbone of IPCC scenarios (Nakicenovic and Swart, 2000). However, more researchers are questioning the necessity and adequacy of economic growth for ameliorating the human condition (Latouche, 2007; Jackson, 2009), and human well-being is arguably a more central measure of social progress than economic growth. In this article, we examine the evolving relationships between energy, carbon and indicators of human development. By conducting a novel longitudinal analysis, we find evidence of previously undescribed secular trends; we project these trends to 2030 and consider their implications. We find that high human development (as defined by the United Nations' Human Development Index combining life expectancy, literacy and income) can be achieved at moderate energy and carbon levels. Increasing energy and carbon past this level does not necessarily contribute to higher living standards. This research goes beyond previous studies by conducting a novel longitudinal analysis from 1975 to 2005, which reveals when and how this …
Predictors of seeking emergency medical help during overdose events in a provincial naloxone distribution programme: a retrospective analysis

Objectives This study sought to identify factors that may be associated with help-seeking by witnesses during overdoses where naloxone is administered. Setting Overdose events occurred in and were reported from the five regional health authorities across British Columbia, Canada. Naloxone administration forms completed following overdose events were submitted to the British Columbia Take Home Naloxone programme. Participants All 182 reported naloxone administration events, reported by adult men and women and occurring between 31 August 2012 and 31 March 2015, were considered for inclusion in the analysis. Of these, 18 were excluded: 10 events which were reported by the person who overdosed, and 8 events for which completed forms did not indicate whether or not emergency medical help was sought. Primary and secondary outcome measures Seeking emergency medical help (calling 911), as reported by participants, was the sole outcome measure of this analysis. Results Medical help was sought (emergency services—911 called) in 89 (54.3%) of 164 overdoses where naloxone was administered. The majority of administration events occurred in private residences (50.6%) and on the street (23.4%), where reported rates of calling 911 were 27.5% and 81.1%, respectively. Overdoses occurring on the street (compared to private residence) were significantly associated with higher odds of calling 911 in multivariate analysis (OR=10.68; 95% CI 2.83 to 51.87; p<0.01), after adjusting for other variables. Conclusions Overdoses occurring on the street were associated with higher odds of seeking emergency medical help by responders. Further research is needed to determine if sex and stimulant use by the person who overdosed are associated with seeking emergency medical help. The results of this study will inform interventions within the British Columbia Take Home Naloxone programme and other jurisdictions to encourage seeking emergency medical help.
MTOR inhibition enhances NVP-AUY922-induced autophagy-mediated KIT degradation and cytotoxicity in imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Our previous study demonstrated NVP-AUY922, a HSP90AA1 inhibitor, could enhance mutant KIT degradation in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cells through both proteasome- and autophagy-mediated pathways. Herein, we showed rapamycin, a MTOR inhibitor and autophagy inducer, could reduce total and phospho-KIT expression levels and enhance apoptosis in imatinib-resistant GIST cells. The involvement of autophagy in rapamycin-induced KIT downregulation was further confirmed by co-localization of KIT and autophagosome, and partial recovery of KIT expression level by either siRNA-mediated BECN1 and ATG5 silencing or autophagy inhibitors after rapamycin. Rapamycin and NVP-AUY922 synergistically inhibited GIST cells growth in vitro. The combination of low-dose NVP-AUY922 with rapamycin had comparable effects on reducing KIT expression, increasing MAP1LC3B puncta and tumor necrosis, and inhibiting tumor growth as high-dose NVP-AUY922 did in GIST430 xenograft model. Our results suggest the addition of a MTOR inhibitor may reduce NVP-AUY922 dose requirement and potentially improve its therapeutic index in mutant KIT-expressing GISTs.
The Sound of One Eye Clapping

As eye-controlled interfaces becomes increasingly viable, there is a need to better understand fundamental human-machine interaction capabilities between a human and a computer via an eye tracking device. Prior research has explored the maximum rate of input from a human to a computer, such as key-entry rates in eye-typing tasks, but there has been little or no work to determine capabilities and limitations with regards to delivering gaze-mediated commands at precise moments in time. This paper evaluates four different methods for converting real-time eye movement data into control signals—two fixation-based methods and two saccade-based methods. An experiment compares musicians’ ability to use each method to trigger the playing of sounds at precise times, and examines how quickly musicians are able to move their eyes to trigger correctly-timed, evenly-paced rhythms. The results indicate that fixation-based eye-control algorithms provide better timing control than saccade-based algorithms, and that people have a fundamental performance limitation for tapping out eye-controlled rhythms that lies somewhere between two and four beats per second.
Multifractal network generator

We introduce a new approach to constructing networks with realistic features. Our method, in spite of its conceptual simplicity (it has only two parameters) is capable of generating a wide variety of network types with prescribed statistical properties, e.g., with degree or clustering coefficient distributions of various, very different forms. In turn, these graphs can be used to test hypotheses or as models of actual data. The method is based on a mapping between suitably chosen singular measures defined on the unit square and sparse infinite networks. Such a mapping has the great potential of allowing for graph theoretical results for a variety of network topologies. The main idea of our approach is to go to the infinite limit of the singular measure and the size of the corresponding graph simultaneously. A very unique feature of this construction is that with the increasing system size the generated graphs become topologically more structured. We present analytic expressions derived from the parameters of the—to be iterated—initial generating measure for such major characteristics of graphs as their degree, clustering coefficient, and assortativity coefficient distributions. The optimal parameters of the generating measure are determined from a simple simulated annealing process. Thus, the present work provides a tool for researchers from a variety of fields (such as biology, computer science, biology, or complex systems) enabling them to create a versatile model of their network data.
Graph partitioning for scalable distributed graph computations

Inter-node communication time constitutes a significant fraction of the execution time of graph algorithms on distributed-memory systems. Global computations on large-scale sparse graphs with skewed degree distributions are particularly challenging to optimize for, as prior work shows that it is difficult to obtain balanced partitions with low edge cuts for these graphs. In this work, we attempt to determine the optimal partitioning and distribution of such graphs, for load-balanced parallel execution of communication-intensive graph algorithms. We use breadth-first search (BFS) as a representative example, and derive upper bounds on the communication costs incurred with a two-dimensional partitioning of the graph. We present empirical results for communication costs with various graph partitioning strategies, and also obtain parallel BFS execution times for several large-scale DIMACS Challenge instances on a supercomputing platform. Our performance results indicate that for several graph instances, reducing work and communication imbalance among partitions is more important than minimizing the total edge cut.
Cultural Orientation: Classifying Subjective Documents by Cociation Analysis

This paper introduces a simple method for estimating cultural orientation, the affiliations of hypertext documents in a polarized field of discourse. Using a probabilistic model based on cocitation information, two experiments are reported. The first experiment tests the modeli? ½s ability to discriminate between left- and right-wing documents about politics. In this context the model is tested on two sets of data, 695 partisan web documents, and 162 political weblogs. Accuracy above 90% is obtained from the cocitation model, outperforming lexically based classifiers at statistically significant levels. In the second experiment, the proposed method is used to classify the home pages of musical artists with respect to their mainstream or “alternative” appeal. For musical artists the model is tested on a set of 515 artist home pages, achieving 88% accuracy.
Conflicting Role of Sarcopenia and Obesity in Male Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Objective To determine the impact of sarcopenia and obesity on pulmonary function and quality of life (QOL) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Research Design and Methods Data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including data from health interviews, health examinations, nutritional questionnaires, and laboratory findings. Laboratory data included pulmonary function assessment and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry results. Sarcopenia was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and obesity was defined by body mass index. Male COPD patients were then classified into 4 groups according to the presence of sarcopenia and obesity. Results In male patients with COPD, the prevalence of sarcopenia was found to be 29.3%, and that of sarcopenic obesity was 14.2%. Furthermore, 22.5% of the patients observed in this study had impaired QOL. Following multivariable statistical analysis, both sarcopenia and obesity were independent risk factors for worsening lung function. Adjusted values of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second were the lowest in the sarcopenic obesity group. Sarcopenia was also associated with more subjective activity limitation and poorer QOL; however obesity was related to less subjective limitation and better QOL after multivariable analysis. Adjusted value of QOL was the lowest in sarcopenic subjects without obesity, and the highest in obese subject without sarcopenia. Conclusions Both sarcopenia and obesity were found to be associated with worsening lung function in male COPD patients. However, obesity was positively correlated with improved QOL while sarcopenia was negatively correlated with QQL.
Tool use disorders after left brain damage

In this paper we review studies that investigated tool use disorders in left-brain damaged (LBD) patients over the last 30 years. Four tasks are classically used in the field of apraxia: Pantomime of tool use, single tool use, real tool use and mechanical problem solving. Our aim was to address two issues, namely, (1) the role of mechanical knowledge in real tool use and (2) the cognitive mechanisms underlying pantomime of tool use, a task widely employed by clinicians and researchers. To do so, we extracted data from 36 papers and computed the difference between healthy subjects and LBD patients. On the whole, pantomime of tool use is the most difficult task and real tool use is the easiest one. Moreover, associations seem to appear between pantomime of tool use, real tool use and mechanical problem solving. These results suggest that the loss of mechanical knowledge is critical in LBD patients, even if all of those tasks (and particularly pantomime of tool use) might put differential demands on semantic memory and working memory.
Performance of Weighted Nonbinary Repeat-Accumulate Codes over GF(q) with q-ary Orthogonal Modulation

An approximate upper bound is derived to the maximum likelihood decoding threshold of weighted nonbinary repeat-accumulate (WNRA) codes over GF(q) with q-ary orthogonal modulation and coherent detection over the additive white Gaussian noise channel. As with binary RA codes, WNRA codes show the potential for achieving the channel capacity with decreasing code rate for large enough q.
57‐1: Invited Paper: Ink‐Jet‐Printed OLED Displays

We report the performance of inkjet printed red, green and blue OLEDs, with focus on transition from evaporated blue common layer to printed blue panel design. Printed OLED device efficiencies and colors are reported, and we demonstrate that in these metrics, printed red, green and blue OLEDs are now comparable to state-of-the-art vapor-processed devices.
Fluorescence microscopy: Established and emerging methods, experimental strategies, and applications in immunology

Cutting‐edge biophysical technologies including total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, single molecule fluorescence, single channel opening events, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, high‐speed exposures, two‐photon imaging, fluorescence lifetime imaging, and other tools are becoming increasingly important in immunology as they link molecular events to cellular physiology, a key goal of modern immunology. The primary concern in all forms of microscopy is the generation of contrast; for fluorescence microscopy contrast can be thought of as the difference in intensity between the cell and background, the signal‐to‐noise ratio. High information‐content images can be formed by enhancing the signal, suppressing the noise, or both. As improved tools, such as ICCD and EMCCD cameras, become available for fluorescence imaging in molecular and cellular immunology, it is important to optimize other aspects of the imaging system. Numerous practical strategies to enhance fluorescence microscopy experiments are reviewed. The use of instrumentation such as light traps, cameras, objectives, improved fluorescent labels, and image filtration routines applicable to low light level experiments are discussed. New methodologies providing resolution well beyond that given by the Rayleigh criterion are outlined. Ongoing and future developments in fluorescence microscopy instrumentation and technique are reviewed. This review is intended to address situations where the signal is weak, which is important for emerging techniques stressing super‐resolution or live cell dynamics, but is less important for conventional applications such as indirect immunofluorescence. This review provides a broad integrative discussion of fluorescence microscopy with selected applications in immunology. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermomechanical analysis of composite structures using Opensees

The OpenSees framework has been extended to deal with steel-concrete composite structures under fire conditions. The single section and rigid link methods can be used to model composite beams and slabs in OpenSees. The former models the composite beam by defining a single beam section including steel beam and concrete slab and the latter is to define them separately interconnected by rigid link element. The equivalence of these two methods is verified by mechanical tests and fire tests on simply supported composite beams. Good agreements achieved between OpenSees predictions and experimental measurements shows the robustness of the developed OpenSees.
Mean-Field Games for Distributed Caching in Ultra-Dense Small Cell Networks

In this paper, the problem of distributed caching in dense wireless small cell networks (SCNs) is studied using mean field games (MFGs). In the considered SCN, small base stations (SBSs) are equipped with data storage units and cooperate to serve users' requests either from files cached in the storage or directly from the capacity-limited backhaul. The aim of the SBSs is to define a caching policy that reduces the load on the capacity-limited backhaul links. This cache control problem is formulated as a stochastic differential game (SDG). In this game, each SBS takes into consideration the storage state of the other SBSs to decide on the fraction of content it should cache. To solve this problem, the formulated SDG is reduced to an MFG by considering an ultra-dense network of SBSs in which the existence and uniqueness of the mean-field equilibrium is shown to be guaranteed. Simulation results show that this framework allows an efficient use of the available storage space at the SBSs while properly tracking the files' popularity. The results also show that, compared to a baseline model in which SBSs are not aware of the instantaneous system state, the proposed framework increases the number of served files from the SBSs by more than 69%.
A Preliminary Study on Factors Affecting Software Testing Team Performance

With the growth of the software testing industry, many in-house testing groups and outsourcing testing companies have been established. Underlying the success of these testing groups and companies are team(s) of testers. This research investigates the importance of different factors, diversity and experience on building a successful testing team. We collected the opinions of testing practitioners on these factors via a survey. The outcome strongly indicates the relative importance of different factors and that diversity is helpful for a testing team. The results also support the importance of suitable team experience.