Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic levitation of single cells

Significance Cells consist of micro- and nanoscale components and materials that contribute to their fundamental magnetic and density signatures. Previous studies have claimed that magnetic levitation can only be used to measure density signatures of nonliving materials. Here, we demonstrate that both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells can be levitated and that each cell has a unique levitation profile. Furthermore, our levitation platform uniquely enables ultrasensitive density measurements, imaging, and profiling of cells in real-time at single-cell resolution. This method has broad applications, such as the label-free identification and monitoring of heterogeneous biological changes under various physiological conditions, including drug screening in personalized medicine. Several cellular events cause permanent or transient changes in inherent magnetic and density properties of cells. Characterizing these changes in cell populations is crucial to understand cellular heterogeneity in cancer, immune response, infectious diseases, drug resistance, and evolution. Although magnetic levitation has previously been used for macroscale objects, its use in life sciences has been hindered by the inability to levitate microscale objects and by the toxicity of metal salts previously applied for levitation. Here, we use magnetic levitation principles for biological characterization and monitoring of cells and cellular events. We demonstrate that each cell type (i.e., cancer, blood, bacteria, and yeast) has a characteristic levitation profile, which we distinguish at an unprecedented resolution of 1 × 10−4 g⋅mL−1. We have identified unique differences in levitation and density blueprints between breast, esophageal, colorectal, and nonsmall cell lung cancer cell lines, as well as heterogeneity within these seemingly homogenous cell populations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that changes in cellular density and levitation profiles can be monitored in real time at single-cell resolution, allowing quantification of heterogeneous temporal responses of each cell to environmental stressors. These data establish density as a powerful biomarker for investigating living systems and their responses. Thereby, our method enables rapid, density-based imaging and profiling of single cells with intriguing applications, such as label-free identification and monitoring of heterogeneous biological changes under various physiological conditions, including antibiotic or cancer treatment in personalized medicine.
A Low-Power 0.5–6.6 Gb/s Wireline Transceiver Embedded in Low-Cost 28 nm FPGAs

This paper describes the design of a 0.5-6.6 Gb/s fully-adaptive low-power quad transceiver embedded in low-leakage 28 nm CMOS FPGAs. Integration techniques enable the utilization of the transceiver in FPGAs with both wire-bond and flip-chip packages and resolve significant challenges with receiver input and transmitter output insertion loss, power integrity, ESD, and reliability. The transceiver clocking network provides continuous operation range up to the maximum speed and incorporates two wide-range ring-based PLLs for enhanced clocking flexibility. The receiver front-end utilizes a 3-stage CTLE with wide input common-mode to remove the post-cursor ISI. The CTLE is fully adaptive using an LMS algorithm and edge-based equalization. The transmitter utilizes a 3-tap FIR. The transceiver achieves BER 10-15 at 6.6 Gb/s over a 20 dB loss channel. Power consumption is 129 mW from 1.2 V and 1 V supplies.
[Effects of sodium tanshinone II-A sulfonate and propranolol on coronary collaterals in acutely infarcted dogs (author's transl)].

In 22 mongrel dogs acute myocardial ischemia was made by severing the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Effects of sodium tanshinone II-A sulfonate (DS-201) and propranolol on epicardial S-T segment elevation, hemodynamic parameters in the acute stage, and myocardial collateral anastomosis were assessed by vinyl casts of coronary arteries after 5 h. In 7 control dogs, the epicardial S-T segment showed a significant elevation, but heart rate, left atrial pressure and mean blood pressure showed only minimal changes after LAD occusion. All 7 coronary vascular casts revealed huge clear-cut deficit areas corresponding to the venterolateral portion of left ventricle and no visible collaterals were found in the boundary regions between nonischemic and ischemic areas except in 1 cast in which a small anastomosis was seen above the occluded level. DS-201 (8 mg/kg iv) exerted no significant effects on the hemodynamic parameters but reduced significantly the S-T elevations in 10 dogs. In these hearts the vascular deficit areas were markedly diminished or abolished by retrograde filling of vinyl material via the bridgelike collaterals with inner diameters of 100-150 microm. This result suggests that the salutary effects of DS-201 on ischemic hearts both experimentally and clinically may possibly be related to its acceleration of the opening of coronary collaterals. In 5 dogs propranolol (1 mg/kg iv) protected the S-T elevation, exerted a negative chronotropic effect, and raised the left atrial pressure. In 3 casts the vascular deficit areas were reduced to some extent, and collaterals from left circumflex or posterior coronary arteries were observed. This hints the possibility of blood redistribution from nonischemic to ischemic myocardium after propranolol therapy.
ASIC Implementation of High Throughput Low Power DNA Protein Sequence Computation using FSM

It is always very difficult to identify cancer diseases at initial stages. In recent years DNA Protein comparison is getting popular and it is rapidly outpacing the rate at which it has to be processed to match correlation between different species genetic patterns in order to find various genetic diseases and also diseases like cancers. Traditional software implication based sequence alignment methods can’t meet the actual data rate requirements. Hardware based approach will give high scalability and one can process parallel task with a large number of new databases. In this paper, we explain FSM (Finite State Machine) based core processing element to classify the protein sequence. In addition, we analyze the performance of bit based sequence alignment algorithms and present the inner stage pipelined digital architecture for sequence alignment implementations. Synchronized controllers are used to carry parallel sequence alignment. The complete architecture is designed to carry out parallel processing in hardware, with FSM based bit wised pattern comparison with scalability as well as with a minimum number of computations. Finally, the data rate of 12.8 Gbps is achieved and well proved using ASIC advanced design compiler tool.
Effects of policy instruments on farm investments and production decisions in the Spanish COP sector

Our article assesses the impacts regarding on-farm investment and production decisions resulting from the Partially Decoupled (PD) payment scheme implemented during the 1990s and first half of the 2000s within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The Spanish Cereal, Oilseed and Protein (COP) sector is taken as a case study regarding this effect due to its economic and political relevance in Spain. The empirical analysis is applied to farm-level data from 2000 to 2004 using the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). We use a reduced-form application of the dual model of investment under uncertainty and estimate a system of censored and uncensored equations. PD payments are found to increase short-run production and generate a statically significant increase in the investment in farm assets. Results also show the importance of assessing the effects of PD payments in a dynamic framework as applied in this article.
Inhibition of myocardial glucose uptake by cGMP

CHRISTOPHE DEPRE1,2, VINCIANE GAUSSIN1, SYLVIE PONCHAUT1, YVAN FISCHER3, JEAN-LOUIS VANOVERSCHELDE2, AND LOUIS HUE1 1Hormone and Metabolic Research Unit, International Institute of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, 2Division of Cardiology, Louvain University Medical School, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; and 3Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, D-52057 Aachen, Germany
Chirped-pulse Raman amplification for two-color, high-intensity laser experiments

We report generation of millijoule-level Stokes (873, 961 nm) and anti-Stokes (738, 685, 639 nm) sidebands of 800 nm terawatt pulses by inserting a multistage Ba(NO3)2 Raman shifter-amplifier into a conventional Ti:sapphire chirped-pulse amplification system. The Raman subsystem requires no additional pump lasers and does not compromise the energy, duration, or beam quality of the main 800 nm pulses. The chirped first Stokes (870 nm) beam is compressed to transform limit (~100 fs) with several millijoules of energy and has high beam quality and is free of filamentation. Synchronized 800 nm and Raman sideband pulses are useful for a variety of two-color, high-intensity laser experiments.
Don't-care identification on specific bits of test patterns

Given a test set for stuck-at faults, a primary input value may be changed to the opposite logic value without losing fault coverage. One can regard such a value as a don't-care (X). The don't care values can be filled appropriately to achieve test compaction, test data compression, or power reduction during testing. However, these uses are better served if the don't cares can be placed in desired/specific bit positions of the test patterns. In this paper, we present a method for maximally fixing Xs on specific bits of given test vectors. Experimental results on ISCAS benchmark circuits show how the proposed method can increase the number of Xs on specific bits compared with an earlier proposed method.
IN-SILICO APPROACH FOR PREDICTION OF VACCINE POTENTIAL ANTIGENIC PEPTIDES FROM 23-kDa TRANSMEMBRANE ANTIGEN PROTEIN OF Schistosoma haematobium

Urogenital schistosomiasis is frequently occurring parasitic disease in tropical countries, S. haematobium is main causative agent responcible for urogenital schistosomiasis; till date no effective invention made to against urogenital schistosomiasis. In this analy- sis we a have predicted suitable antigenic peptides from Schistosoma haematobium 23-kDa transmembrane protein for peptide vaccine design against urogenital schistosomiasis based on cross protection phenomenon as, an ample immune response can be generated with a single protein subunit. We found MHC class II binding peptides of S. haematobium 23-kDa are important determinant against the dis- eased condition. The analysis shows S. haematobium 23-kDa transmembrane protein having 218 amino acids, which shows 210 nonam- ers. In this assay, we have predicted MHC-I binding peptides for 8mer_H2_Db allele (optimal score is 14.128), 9mer_H2_Db allele (optimal score is 20.065), 10mer_H2_Db allele (optimal score is 13.776), 11mer_H2_Db allele (optimal score is 31.213). We also predict- ed the SVM based MHCII-IAb peptide regions, 152-DYGPNIPAS, 51-WQAAPIAII, 50-VWQAAPIAI, 142-FHCCGAKGP, 97-AELAAAIVA (optimal score is 14.911); MHCII-IAd peptide regions, 100-AAAIVAVVY, 71-LGCCGAIKE, 192-FGVCFFQLL, 186-IVACVAFGV (optimal score is 13.112); and MHCII-IAg7 peptide regions 42-QYGDNLHKV, 101-AAIVAVVYK, 28-VLIGAGAYV, 103-IVAVVYKDR, 203- VIACCLGRQ (optimal score is 11.605) which shows potential binders from S. haematobium 23-kDa transmembrane protein. The method integrates prediction of MHC class I binding proteasomal C- terminal cleavage peptides and Six potential antigenic peptides at average propensity 1.094 having highest local hydrophilicity. Thus a small antigen fragment can induce immune response against whole antigen. This approach can be applied for designing subunit and synthetic peptide vaccines.
Modular representations of odorants in the glomerular layer of the rat olfactory bulb and the effects of stimulus concentration

To study the mechanism whereby odorants are encoded in the nervous system, we studied the glomerular‐layer activity patterns in the rat olfactory bulb evoked by closely related odorants from different chemical families. These odorants had a common straight‐chain hydrocarbon structure, but differed systematically in their functional groups. Neural activity was mapped across the entire glomerular layer by using the [14C]2‐deoxyglucose method. Group responses were averaged and compared by using data matrices. The glomerular activity patterns that resulted from this analysis were comprised of modules. Unique combinations of modules were activated by each odorant, demonstrating what may be part of the neural code for odorants. Most of the modules were clustered together in the bulb, perhaps providing for enhanced contrast between related chemicals by means of lateral inhibition. We also determined whether changes in odorant concentration would affect spatial patterns of glomerular activity. Two odorants, pentanal and 2‐hexanone, evoked different patterns at increased concentrations, with additional glomeruli being recruited at a great distance from glomeruli in which activity was evoked at lower concentrations. Humans report that both of these odorants change in perceived odor with increasing concentration. Three other odorants (pentanoic acid, methyl pentanoate, and pentanol) did not recruit new areas of glomerular activation with increasing concentration, and humans do not report a changed odor across concentrations of these odorants. The results suggest that changes in modular glomerular activity patterns could underlie altered odor perception across odorant concentrations, and they provide additional support for a combinatorial, spatially based code in the olfactory system. J. Comp. Neurol. 422:496–509, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibrinogen Triggers Astrocyte Scar Formation by Promoting the Availability of Active TGF-β after Vascular Damage

Scar formation in the nervous system begins within hours after traumatic injury and is characterized primarily by reactive astrocytes depositing proteoglycans that inhibit regeneration. A fundamental question in CNS repair has been the identity of the initial molecular mediator that triggers glial scar formation. Here we show that the blood protein fibrinogen, which leaks into the CNS immediately after blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption or vascular damage, serves as an early signal for the induction of glial scar formation via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Our studies revealed that fibrinogen is a carrier of latent TGF-β and induces phosphorylation of Smad2 in astrocytes that leads to inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Consistent with these findings, genetic or pharmacologic depletion of fibrinogen in mice reduces active TGF-β, Smad2 phosphorylation, glial cell activation, and neurocan deposition after cortical injury. Furthermore, stereotactic injection of fibrinogen into the mouse cortex is sufficient to induce astrogliosis. Inhibition of the TGF-β receptor pathway abolishes the fibrinogen-induced effects on glial scar formation in vivo and in vitro. These results identify fibrinogen as a primary astrocyte activation signal, provide evidence that deposition of inhibitory proteoglycans is induced by a blood protein that leaks in the CNS after vasculature rupture, and point to TGF-β as a molecular link between vascular permeability and scar formation.
Understanding & controlling user privacy in social media via exposure

The recent popularity of Online Social Media sites (OSM) like Facebook and Twitter have led to a renewed discussion about user privacy. In fact, numerous recent news reports and research studies on user privacy stress the OSM users’ urgent need for better privacy control mechanisms. Thus, today, a key research question is: how do we provide improved privacy protection to OSM users for their social content? In this thesis, we propose a systematic approach to address this question. We start with the access control model, the dominant privacy model in OSMs today. We show that, while useful, the access control model does not capture many theoretical and practical aspects of privacy. Thus, we propose a new model, which we term the exposure control model. We define exposure for a piece of content as the set of people who actually view the content. We demonstrate that our model is a significant improvement over access control to capture users’ privacy requirements. Next, we investigate the effectiveness of our model to protect users’ privacy in three real world scenarios: (1) Understanding and controlling exposure using social access control lists (SACLs) (2) Controlling exposure by limiting large-scale social data aggregators and (3) Understanding and controlling longitudinal exposure in OSMs, i.e., how users control exposure of their old OSM content. We show that, in each of these cases, the exposure control-based approach helps us to design improved privacy control mechanisms.
Determination of the Effective Dose of the Live Mycoplasma synoviae Vaccine, Vaxsafe MS (Strain MS-H) by Protection Against Experimental Challenge

Abstract The minimum effective dose of the Mycoplasma synoviae-H (MS-H) vaccine was determined through protection against experimental challenge. Chickens were vaccinated by eyedrop with the following doses of a vaccine: 1.2 × 105, 2.4 × 105, 4.8 × 105, 9.6 × 105, 1.92 × 106, and 3.84 × 106 color change units (CCU), then challenged 6 wk after vaccination. Rapid serum agglutination results indicated that 100% of birds receiving an MS-H dose of ≥4.8 × 105 CCU had antibodies to MS and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that 60% of birds receiving a dose of 4.8 × 105 or 9.6 × 105 CCU and 100% of birds receiving a dose of 1.92 × 106 or 3.84 × 106 had antibodies to MS. At postmortem after challenge, the following parameters were significantly lower in birds vaccinated with an MS-H dose of ≥4.8 × 105 CCU: air sac (AS) lesion severity; incidence of AS lesions; mucosal thicknesses in the upper trachea, middle trachea, and lower trachea (LT); and MS colonization of the LT and AS. It was concluded that an MS-H dose of 4.8 × 105 CCU was sufficient to elicit an antibody response in birds, prevent MS colonization in the LT and AS, and protect against AS lesions caused by an experimental MS and infectious bronchitis virus challenge.
Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to Appendiceal Mucosal Erosion

Acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with the appendix is rare. We report on a 42-year-old male patient who presented with hematochezia from solitary appendiceal bleeding. The patient was admitted to our hospital with rectal bleeding, and abdominal computed tomography identified active contrast leakage in the distal portion of the appendix. During a subsequent urgent colonoscopy, active bleeding in the appendiceal orifice was identified. The patient was successfully treated with a laparoscopic appendectomy and hematochezia did not recur postoperatively. Microscopic examination revealed an eroded appendiceal mucosa, focal inflammatory infiltrates, and a normal submucosal vessel without evidence of vascular malformation.
Testing for Son Preference in South Africa

Evidence from most developing countries suggest that parents have a preference for sons over daughters. This is know as son preference. This paper uses individual level unit record data to test the son preference hypothesis in South Africa. We use an accelerated hazard model to estimate the duration between successive births and our results indicate that son preference exists only for the Indian community in South Africa. Indian households prefer to have a higher duration between children following the birth of a son, irrespective of the number of children they already have. For the rest of the population, there is either no son preference or in some cases a weak preference for daughters. Our results appear to refute the usual arguments for son preference (including support for elderly parents and contribution to household income) and instead suggest the importance of religious beliefs and social customs (dowry system, lineage, familial and kinship ties etc.) in directing parental preferences.
Three-Dimensionality Perception Evaluation in Stereoscopic Virtual Environments: A Systematic Review

The three-dimensionality perception in visual scenes is provided by the representation of objects in different dimensions and distortion, both related to perspective. However, the feeling of being in a virtual environment can be provided by the use of stereoscopic techniques. Although there are several studies on users three-dimensionality perception in stereoscopic systems, there are no systematic reviews in the literature aimed at categorizing evaluation methods about this perception in experimental studies. This article presents a systematic review that identifies effects, parameters and evaluation methods regarding the three-dimensionality perception in virtual environments with stereoscopy.
Observer Perceptions of Moral Obligations in Groups With a History of Victimization

The authors investigated when observers assign contemporary group members moral obligations based on their group’s victimization history. In Experiment 1, Americans perceived Israelis as obligated to help Sudanese genocide victims and as guiltworthy for not helping if reminded of the Holocaust and its descendants were linked to this history. In Experiment 2, participants perceived Israelis as more obligated to help and guiltworthy for not helping when the Holocaust was presented as a unique victimization event compared with when genocide was presented as pervasive. Experiments 3 and 4 replicated the effects of Experiment 1 with Cambodians as the victimized group. Experiment 5 demonstrated that participants perceived Cambodians as having more obligations under high just world threat compared with low just world threat. Perceiving victimized groups as incurring obligations is one just world restoration method of providing meaning to collective injustice.
Universal conductivity at the quantum Hall liquid to insulator transition.

The neighborhood of a zero temperature phase transition in two-dimensional electron systems (2DES’s) is often characterized by critical behavior of transport properties. Such behavior has been observed in 2DES at high magnetic fields (B) [1,2] and in thin films near the superconductor to insulator transition [3]. Wei, Tsui, and Pruisken [1] investigated the critical behavior at the transition regions separating adjacent integer quantum Hall effect (IQHE) plateaus in semiconductor heterostructures and found that their width (DB) increases with temperature (T ) and follows DB , T , with k independent of the Landau level and sample. Subsequently, Engel et al. [2] showed that this universality is not restricted to the IQHE. They obtained a similar value of k for the transition region separating the n ­ 2y5 and 1y3 fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) states, where n ­ n 3 hyeB is the Landau level filling factor and n is the electron density. Two recent discoveries shifted the attention from the inter–quantum Hall effect (QHE), plateau to plateau transitions to the transitions between the QHE incompressible liquid states and an insulating phase. The first was the observation, by Jiang et al. [4], of a reentrant transition to an insulating phase near the n ­ 1y5 FQHE liquid in the highest quality samples available. The possibility that this insulator was the electron solid expected in these nearly ideal samples generated a large amount of effort aimed at understanding the nature and origin of this unique insulating phase [5]. The second discovery was made on samples that are in the opposite extreme of the quality range in which the QHE can be observed [6–8]. These samples of very strongly disordered 2DES are insulating at B ­ 0 and undergo a B driven transition to the n ­ 2 IQHE state. At still higher B, they become insulating again and, surprisingly, the n ­ 1 state is absent. This new class of samples was investigated from a more general viewpoint, concentrating on the interplay and transitions between the various phases, rather than on their specific properties. The work presented here bridges the gap between these two extreme cases. The samples investigated in this study