Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
X-RAY SUBSTRUCTURE STUDIES OF FOUR GALAXY CLUSTERS USING XMM-NEWTON DATA

Mahdavi et al. find that the degree of agreement between weak lensing and X-ray mass measurements is a function of cluster radius. Numerical simulations also point out that X-ray mass proxies do not work equally well at all radii. The origin of the effect is thought to be associated with cluster mergers. Recent work presenting the cluster maps showed an ability of X-ray maps to reveal and study cluster mergers in detail. Here, we present a first attempt to use the study of substructure in assessing the systematics of the hydrostatic mass measurements using two-dimensional (2D) X-ray diagnostics. The temperature map is uniquely able to identify the substructure in an almost relaxed cluster which would be unnoticed in the intracluster medium electron number density and pressure maps. We describe the radial fluctuations in the 2D maps by a cumulative/differential scatter profile relative to the mean profile within/at a given radius. The amplitude indicates ∼10% fluctuations in the temperature, electron number density, and entropy maps, and ∼15% fluctuations in the pressure map. The amplitude of and the discontinuity in the scatter complement 2D substructure diagnostics, e.g., indicating the most disturbed radial range. There is a tantalizing link between the substructure identified using the scatter of the entropy and pressure fluctuations and the hydrostatic mass bias relative to the expected mass based on the M–YX and M–Mgas relations particularly at r500. XMM-Newton observations with ∼120,000 source photons from the cluster are sufficient to apply our substructure diagnostics via the spectrally measured 2D temperature, electron number density, entropy, and pressure maps.
De movimientos a partidos. La cristalización electoral de la protesta

El paso de movimientos sociales a formaciones politicas ha sido escasamente tratado en la literatura academica, aunque reune un interes creciente. En Espana, ciertas continuidades entre el 15-M y la emergencia de nuevos partidos pueden ser observadas. En este articulo, se plantean tres ideas sobre el paso de movimientos a partidos y se ponen en relacion con contribuciones que siguen en esta misma seccion. En primer lugar, el 15-M esta lejos de ser un bloque claramente delimitado, por lo que su extension hacia la politica representativa no puede ser tratada de manera unica; es preciso identificar distintas formas en las que este paso o extension a la dinamica de partidos tiene lugar. En segundo lugar, se explora la relacion existente entre tres procesos de cambio: la erosion del apoyo poli- tico desde 2008, el apoyo a las movilizaciones del 15-M en 2011 y la emergencia de nuevos partidos en 2014 y 2015. Por ultimo, se subraya la importancia de introducir el analisis de ‘la transversalidad con intensidades distintas’ que tiene lugar entre la opinion publica en estos tres procesos de cambio.
AZD7762, a novel checkpoint kinase inhibitor, drives checkpoint abrogation and potentiates DNA-targeted therapies

Insights from cell cycle research have led to the hypothesis that tumors may be selectively sensitized to DNA-damaging agents resulting in improved antitumor activity and a wider therapeutic margin. The theory relies on the observation that the majority of tumors are deficient in the G1-DNA damage checkpoint pathway resulting in reliance on S and G2 checkpoints for DNA repair and cell survival. The S and G2 checkpoints are regulated by checkpoint kinase 1, a serine/threonine kinase that is activated in response to DNA damage; thus, inhibition of checkpoint kinase 1 signaling impairs DNA repair and increases tumor cell death. Normal tissues, however, have a functioning G1 checkpoint signaling pathway allowing for DNA repair and cell survival. Here, we describe the preclinical profile of AZD7762, a potent ATP-competitive checkpoint kinase inhibitor in clinical trials. AZD7762 has been profiled extensively in vitro and in vivo in combination with DNA-damaging agents and has been shown to potentiate response in several different settings where inhibition of checkpoint kinase results in the abrogation of DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest. Dose-dependent potentiation of antitumor activity, when AZD7762 is administered in combination with DNA-damaging agents, has been observed in multiple xenograft models with several DNA-damaging agents, further supporting the potential of checkpoint kinase inhibitors to enhance the efficacy of both conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy and increase patient response rates in a variety of settings. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(9):2955–66]
Syntactic concordancing and multi-word expression detection

Concordancers are tools that display the contexts of a given word in a corpus. Also called key word in context (KWIC), these tools are nowadays indispensable in the work of lexicographers, linguists, and translators. We present an enhanced type of concordancer that integrates syntactic information on sentence structure as well as statistical information on word cooccurrence in order to detect and display those words from the context that are most strongly related to the word under investigation. This tool considerably alleviates the users' task, by highlighting syntactically well-formed word combinations that are likely to form complex lexical units, i.e., multi-word expressions. One of the key distinctive features of the tool is its multilingualism, as syntax-based multi-word expression detection is available for multiple languages and parallel concordancing enables users to consult the version of a source context in another language, when multilingual parallel corpora are available. In this article, we describe the underlying methodology and resources used by the system, its architecture, and its recently developed online version. We also provide relevant performance evaluation results for the main system components, focusing on the comparison between syntax-based and syntax-free approaches.
Design and performance evaluation of a low-power data-line SRAM sense amplifier

The SRAM which functions as the cache for system-on-chip is vital in the electronic industry. The heavy bit-and data-line capacitances are the major road blocks to its performance. A high-performance SRAM is proposed using a 1.8 V/0.18 µm CMOS standard process from Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing Ltd (CHRT). It incorporates a discharging mechanism that helps eliminating the waiting time during the read operation, hence offering a faster sensing speed and lower power consumption. Our post-layout simulation results have shown that it improves the sensing speed and power consumption by 51.4%, and 62.47%, respectively when compared with the best published design. The total Power-Delay-Product (PDP) is 81.79% better. Furthermore, it can operate at a supply voltage as low as 0.8 V with a high stability to the bit-line capacitances variation and mismatch.
A Novel Term Weighting Scheme for Automated Text Categorization

Term weighting is an important task for text classification. Inverse document frequency (IDF) is one of the most popular methods for this task; however, in some situations, such as supervised learning for text categorization, it doesn 't weight terms properly, because it neglects the category information and assumes that a term that occurs in smaller set of documents should get a higher weight. There have been several term weighting schemes that consider the category information. In this paper, we present a new term weighting scheme that considers more information provided by the term distribution among different categories. The experiments show that our method is more effective than three other popular schemes.
From non-cooperative to cooperative distributed MPC: A simplicial approximation perspective

The paper deals with the coordination of dynamical systems by distributed model predictive control.We consider a set-up in which the subsystems dynamics are decoupled, while the subsystems outputs are coupled by some constraint. Starting from a well established non-iterative and non-cooperative architecture, we provide a novel interpretation for this non-cooperative scheme as a simplicial approximation of a convex program. Thanks to this novel interpretation, we are able to show why the existing algorithm, while guaranteeing feasibility, fails to compute an optimal solution to the centralized problem. Furthermore, by exploiting the simplicial approximation structure, we are able to propose a novel algorithm. The proposed algorithm inherits all the properties of the existing one, namely little communication, and feasibility. Furthermore, increasing the communication among the subsystems between two control updates improves the performance of the algorithm, regaining in the limit optimality in a cooperative sense.
The Effectiveness of a Jawi Stemmer for Retrieving Relevant Malay Documents in Jawi Characters

The Malay language has two types of writing script, known as Rumi and Jawi. Most previous stemmer results have reported on Malay Rumi characters and only a few have tested Jawi characters. In this article, a new Jawi stemmer has been proposed and tested for document retrieval. A total of 36 queries and datasets from the transliterated Jawi Quran were used. The experiment shows that the mean average precision for a “stemmed Jawi” document is 8.43%. At the same time, the mean average precision for a “nonstemmed Jawi” document is 5.14%. The result from a paired sample t-test showed that the use of a “stemmed Jawi” document increased the precision in document retrieval. Further experiments were performed to examine the precision of the relevant documents that were retrieved at various cutoff points for all 36 queries. The results for the “stemmed Jawi” document showed a significantly different start, at a cutoff of 40, compared with the “nonstemmed Jawi” documents. This result shows the usefulness of a Jawi stemmer for retrieving relevant documents in the Jawi script.
Comparison of Intelligent Methods for Thermal Assessment of Power Cables Under Geometrical Parameter Variations

In this paper, the thermal field of underground power cable is solved using two intelligent techniques which are newly introduced for thermal assessment of power cables. A backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models were developed to predict the cable temperature under geometrical parameter variations. The effect of cable spacing and cable burial depth on cable ampacity is investigated. The two models are trained using an input-output pattern generated using finite element (FE) method, which is extensively used in this field. Furthermore, a portion of the FEgenerated output results, which have not been provided to the models – as input data - in the training phase, were utilized to compare the cable temperature of the three methods (FE, ANN and ANFIS). The results of the two intelligent methods show high agreement with the finite element solution, which confirms that introducing intelligent techniques provides a reliable and simple alternative approach for the thermal field evaluation by avoiding the numerous computational complexities of the numerical methods
A design rule for an ELC resonator

Metamaterials are artificially engineered structures which derive its property due to its cellular architecture and chemical composition. Their structure may be periodic or a periodic in nature leading to either negative permittivity or negative permeability or both, in a given range of frequency. In this paper an Electric-field-coupled (ELC) resonator is studied, its resonant frequency is theoretically calculated and compared with the simulated results. Finally, permittivity and permeability of the designed structure is extracted.
The impact of stock option incentives on investment and firm value

This paper analyzes the relations among firm-level stock option portfolio incentives, investment, and firm value based on a sample of Finnish firms during the time period 1987 – 2000. Utilizing exact and complete information regarding stock option portfolio characteristics, we find some evidence that firm investment is increasing in the incentives to increase stock price (delta) and risk (vega). Furthermore, we find strong evidence of a positive relation between both incentive effects and firm value (Tobin’s Q). In contrast, when we allow for stock option incentives, investment, and firm value to be simultaneously determined, we find no evidence that investment is increasing in incentives. However, even after controlling for endogeneity, we find that both incentive effects arising from stock option compensation display a positive and significant effect on firm value. Finally, in contradiction to earlier findings, we observe that neither Tobin’s Q nor investment drives incentives. JEL classification: G31, J33
Diffusion-Weighted MRI Reflects Proliferative Activity in Primary CNS Lymphoma

Purpose To investigate if apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values within primary central nervous system lymphoma correlate with cellularity and proliferative activity in corresponding histological samples. Materials and Methods Echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images obtained from 21 patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma were reviewed retrospectively. Regions of interest were drawn on ADC maps corresponding to the contrast enhancing parts of the tumors. Biopsies from all 21 patients were histologically analyzed. Nuclei count, total nuclei area and average nuclei area were measured. The proliferation index was estimated as Ki-67 positive nuclei divided by total number of nuclei. Correlations of ADC values and histopathologic parameters were determined statistically. Results Ki-67 staining revealed a statistically significant correlation with ADCmin (r = -0.454, p = 0.038), ADCmean (r = -0.546, p = 0.010) and ADCmax (r = -0.515, p = 0.017). Furthermore, ADCmean correlated in a statistically significant manner with total nucleic area (r = -0.500, p = 0.021). Conclusion Low ADCmin, ADCmean and ADCmax values reflect a high proliferative activity of primary cental nervous system lymphoma. Low ADCmean values—in concordance with several previously published studies—indicate an increased cellularity within the tumor.
Making up performance: the construction of “performance” in venture capital firms’ portfolios

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate performance measurement practices in venture capital firms. Specifically, the author examines how two organizations make complexity and uncertainty manageable by mobilizing performance measurement. This study draws on the framework of pragmatic constructivism (PC) (Norreklit et al., 2016; Norreklit et al., 2006, 2010), focusing on the integration between the four dimensions of PC, namely, facts, values, possibilities and communication. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts a comparative case study methodology. Findings The findings show that performance measurement practices are strongly influenced by values playing out via integration in actor-world relations, whereas Venture A mobilizes an actor-centric approach, leading to an open, holistic performance measurement system (PMS) which is based on non-financials, a close involvement in operational matters and actors’ judgement using accounting as “learning machines” (Burchell et al., 1980); and Venture B draws on an analytical approach emphasizing on the role of financial indicators and control enacting accounting as “answer machines” and as “tool for computation” (Burchell et al., 1980). These different approaches to PMS, actor-centric vs analytical, are guided by different values about actor-world relation(s). Originality/value The paper provides a context-sensitive account on the relationship between uncertainty and performance measurement practices. First, this paper contributes by providing evidence on how actors use accounting to manage uncertainty and complexity by differently integrating actor-world relation(s) (Norreklit, et al., 2016; Norreklit et al., 2006). Second, this study resonates with recent calls for more industry-specific and context-sensitive investigations (Messner, 2016). Finally, the author contributes to the literature asking for more research on the role accounting plays in managing uncertain conditions (Chenhall and Moers, 2015).
Inference for Multi-Dimensional High-Frequency Data: Equivalence of Methods, Central Limit Theorems, and an Application to Conditional Independence Testing

We find the asymptotic distribution of the multi-dimensional multi-scale and kernel estimators for high-frequency financial data with microstructure. Sampling times are allowed to be asynchronous. The central limit theorem is shown to have a feasible version. In the process, we show that the classes of multi-scale and kernel estimators for smoothing noise perturbation are asymptotically equivalent in the sense of having the same asymptotic distribution for corresponding kernel and weight functions. We also include the analysis for the Hayashi-Yoshida estimator in absence of microstructure. The theory leads to multi-dimensional stable central limit theorems for respective estimators and hence allows to draw statistical inference for a broad class of multivariate models and linear functions of the recorded components. This paves the way to tests and confidence intervals in risk measurement for arbitrary portfolios composed of high-frequently observed assets. As an application, we enhance the approach to cover more complex functions and in order to construct a test for investigating hypotheses that correlated assets are independent conditional on a common factor.
Multiobjectivization from two objectives to four objectives in evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms

Multiobjectivization is an interesting idea to solve a difficult single-objective optimization problem through its reformulation as a multiobjective problem. The reformulation is performed by introducing an additional objective function or decomposing the original objective function into multiple ones. Evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) algorithms are often used to solve the reformulated problem. Such an optimization approach, which is called multiobjectivization, has been used to solve difficult single-objective problems in many studies. In this paper, we discuss the use of multiobjectivization to solve two-objective problems. That is, we discuss the idea of solving a two-objective optimization problem by reformulating it as a four-objective one. In general, the increase in the number of objectives usually makes the problem more difficult for EMO algorithms. Thus the handling of two-objective problems as four-objective ones may simply lead to the deterioration in the quality of obtained non-dominated solutions. However, in this paper, we demonstrate through computational experiments that better results are obtained for some two-objective test problems by increasing the number of objectives from two to four.
Wiktionary as a source for automatic pronunciation extraction

In this paper, we analyze whether dictionaries from the World Wide Web which contain phonetic notations, may support the rapid creation of pronunciation dictionaries within the speech recognition and speech synthesis system building process. As a representative dictionary, we selected Wiktionary [1] since it is at hand in multiple languages and, in addition to the definitions of the words, many phonetic notations in terms of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are available. Given word lists in four languages English, French, German, and Spanish, we calculated the percentage of words with phonetic notations in Wiktionary. Furthermore, two quality checks were performed: First, we compared pronunciations from Wiktionary to pronunciations from dictionaries based on the GlobalPhone project, which had been created in a rule-based fashion and were manually cross-checked [2]. Second, we analyzed the impact of Wiktionary pronunciations on automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. French Wiktionary achieved the best pronunciation coverage, containing 92.58% phonetic notations for the French GlobalPhone word list as well as 76.12% and 30.16% for country and international city names. In our ASR systems evaluation, the Spanish system gained the most improvement from Wiktionary pronunciations with 7.22% relative word error rate reduction.
Modulation of H 2 histamine receptor-mediated cAMP generation and granulocytic differentiation by extracellular nucleotides via activation of protein kinase C

Extracellular ATP exerts a variety of biological actions through several kinds of P2 receptor in HL-60 promyelocytes. We show that stimulation of P2Y2 receptors with ATP and analogs resulted in the inhibition of a subsequently histamine-induced cAMP production and functional differentiation. Treatment of the cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate also blocked the histamine-mediated cAMP generation just as ATP did. Incubation of the cells with the protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide (GF109203X) abolished the inhibitory effects of extracellular nucleotides, suggesting that protein kinase C may act as an inter-regulator between two receptors. However, ATP did not affect the binding affinity or total binding of [H]histamine to membrane receptors; it also did not heterologously desensitize H2 receptors. The ATP treatment synergistically elevated the cAMP levels induced directly by forskolin or indirectly by G protein activation after cholera toxin treatment. This indicates that the site of the protein kinase C action is not the G protein or effector enzyme. Co-stimulation of the cells with nucleotides and histamine inhibited histaminemediated granulocytic differentiation, which was evaluated by looking at the extent of N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine responses. Taken together, the results demonstrate that extracellular nucleotides are negatively involved in the modulation of histamine signaling via activation of protein kinase C, probably by inhibiting coupling between receptor and G protein. J. Leukoc. Biol. 69: 169–176; 2001.
Influence Of Television Watching On The Moral Development Of Preschool Children In Lari Division, Kiambu County, Kenya

and ethical (Kohlberg 1971), The influence of television on moral development was noticed way back by Stein (1973). She noted that television, like all other mass media at that time, presented content and values that were often contrary to the predominant values of the society. For instance, television emphasized violence and illegal action and perpetuated a system in which groups of people are devalued because of sex, race, age, and other such criteria. She asserted that there was reason to believe that that type of television content influence children's moral behavior. This manifested through increased aggression, lowered self-control and greater likelihood of morally deviant behavior. She also noted that many positive moral values and behaviors can also be conveyed to children through television presentations. About four decades later, Cheung (2009) acknowledges that the television and other mass media in Hong Kong have molded the environment in which citizens now live. He acknowledges the impact of the Television watching on pupils in Hong Kong and the rest of the world. He noted that television exerts such a great influence on pupils. He stood for the use of the Television providing moral education.