Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network Security Situation Assessment Based on Data Fusion

Network security situation assessment can project the next behavior of the network by describing the current state. Security events from IDS, firewall, and other security tools are currently growing at a rapid pace. However, most intrusion event researches focus on IDS alerts, overlooking other intrusion evidence from other security tools, or they make simple integration of various security tools not inflecting the whole network state. In this paper, we described network security from the view of system. First, network situation elements are analyzed. Second, we research their correlations and present system architecture of network security situation. Third, multi-sensor correlation algorithms are analyzed that colored Petri net is used for describing the changing of system state after arrival of new events and D-S theory of evidence is used for combining the different evidence. Then, we report the experimental results on the DARPA 2000 DDoS attack scenarios and analyze them. At last, we conclude our work and present next research goal.
Online Abelian Pattern Matching

An abelian pattern describes the set of strings that comprise of the same combination of characters. Given an abelian pattern P and a text T [Epsilon] [Sigma]^n, the task is to find all occurrences of P in T, i.e. all substrings S = T_i. T_j such that the frequency of each character in S matches the specified frequency of that character in P. In this report we present simple online algorithms for abelian pattern matching, and give a lower bound for online algorithms which is [Omega](n).
Methodological Considerations in Estimation of Phenotype Heritability Using Genome-Wide SNP Data, Illustrated by an Analysis of the Heritability of Height in a Large Sample of African Ancestry Adults

Height has an extremely polygenic pattern of inheritance. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed hundreds of common variants that are associated with human height at genome-wide levels of significance. However, only a small fraction of phenotypic variation can be explained by the aggregate of these common variants. In a large study of African-American men and women (n = 14,419), we genotyped and analyzed 966,578 autosomal SNPs across the entire genome using a linear mixed model variance components approach implemented in the program GCTA (Yang et al Nat Genet 2010), and estimated an additive heritability of 44.7% (se: 3.7%) for this phenotype in a sample of evidently unrelated individuals. While this estimated value is similar to that given by Yang et al in their analyses, we remain concerned about two related issues: (1) whether in the complete absence of hidden relatedness, variance components methods have adequate power to estimate heritability when a very large number of SNPs are used in the analysis; and (2) whether estimation of heritability may be biased, in real studies, by low levels of residual hidden relatedness. We addressed the first question in a semi-analytic fashion by directly simulating the distribution of the score statistic for a test of zero heritability with and without low levels of relatedness. The second question was addressed by a very careful comparison of the behavior of estimated heritability for both observed (self-reported) height and simulated phenotypes compared to imputation R2 as a function of the number of SNPs used in the analysis. These simulations help to address the important question about whether today's GWAS SNPs will remain useful for imputing causal variants that are discovered using very large sample sizes in future studies of height, or whether the causal variants themselves will need to be genotyped de novo in order to build a prediction model that ultimately captures a large fraction of the variability of height, and by implication other complex phenotypes. Our overall conclusions are that when study sizes are quite large (5,000 or so) the additive heritability estimate for height is not apparently biased upwards using the linear mixed model; however there is evidence in our simulation that a very large number of causal variants (many thousands) each with very small effect on phenotypic variance will need to be discovered to fill the gap between the heritability explained by known versus unknown causal variants. We conclude that today's GWAS data will remain useful in the future for causal variant prediction, but that finding the causal variants that need to be predicted may be extremely laborious.
Archaeology and landscape ethics

Abstract Landscape has emerged as a significant site for archaeological practice: for our explorations of the past, our contributions to heritage conservation, management and planning and our interventions in the lives of others. Given this, it is imperative that we – archaeological researchers and practitioners, heritage managers and professionals – engage in an ongoing ethical discourse concerning our landscape work. In this article, I aim to contribute to that process. I present a thematic review of developments in theory, ethics and practice across the landscape disciplines and provide a selective analysis of archaeological positions on these matters. From there, and drawing in particular on work in the recently emerged field of ‘landscape ethics’, I develop principles for a relational ethics of archaeological landscape practice. I suggest that these principles provide an explicit ethical platform for engaging with the circumstances of archaeological practice as they are emerging in the twenty-first century, not least as defined by widely relevant supranational landscape policies. More than that, these principles provide a basis for archaeologists to contribute, through their work, to the attainment of landscape justice, i.e. fairness and due reward in relation to landscape matters.
Effect of Carbohydrate Sources and Levels of Cotton Seed Meal in Concentrate on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Protein Synthesis in Young Dairy Bulls

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of levels of cottonseed meal with various carbohydrate sources in concentrate on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in dairy bulls. Four, 6 months old dairy bulls were randomly assigned to receive four dietary treatments according to a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a 4×4 Latin square design. Factor A was carbohydrate source; cassava chip (CC) and cassava chip+rice bran in the ratio of 3:1 (CR3:1), and factor B was cotton seed meal levels in the concentrate; 109 g CP/kg (LCM) and 328 g CP/kg (HCM) at similar overall CP levels (490 g CP/kg). Bulls received urea-lime treated rice straw ad libitum and were supplemented with 10 g of concentrate/kg BW. It was found that carbohydrate source and level of cotton seed meal did not have significant effects on ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration, microbial protein synthesis or feed intake. Animals which received CC showed significantly higher BUN concentration, ruminal propionic acid and butyric acid proportions, while dry matter, organic matter digestibility, populations of total viable bacteria and proteolytic bacteria were lower than those in the CR3:1 treatment. The concentration of total volatile fatty acids was higher in HCM than LCM treatments, while the concentration of butyric acid was higher in LCM than HCM treatments. The population of proteolytic bacteria with the LCM treatments was higher than the HCM treatments; however other bacteria groups were similar among the different levels of cotton seed meal. Bulls which received LCM had higher protein digestibility than those receiving HCM. Therefore, using high levels of cassava chip and cotton seed meal might positively impact on energy and nitrogen balance for the microbial population in the rumen of the young dairy bull.
Revisiting Gay Men's Body Image Issues: Exposing the Fault Lines

For over 25 years the varying idealizations of gay men's bodies and the behaviors associated with achieving such bodies has been the focus of an increasingly large body of research. What first constituted an idealized body in this research, in the 1980s, was a thin and youthful image, which evolved into a muscular ideal in the 2000s with thinness translated into lean muscle mass and a small waist. To account for the emergence of both body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders, researchers in both paradigms have tended to either pathologize gay men or speculate about the contribution of a range of social-cultural and psychological factors. These include the role of the gay community, being effeminate or less masculine, and internalized homophobia. HIV and the “wasted” body is claimed to have also influenced the purported recent emergence of the muscular ideal. The underlying driver for both paradigms is the proposition that gay men are universally fixated on their appearance and presenting an idealized body to other men. This critical review examines the fault lines in both paradigms that can be found within prevalence studies, the methodology, data analysis, and the contradictory and problematic theorizing that arise as a result. It concludes that the prevalence and the truth of gay men's body image issues are overstated.
Resource Allocation Schemes for D2D Communication Used in VANETs

Many researchers have recently proposed using LTE to support traffic safety and transportation efficiency applications in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The deviceto- device (D2D) communication technique underlay LTE network has been considered as an effective way to potentially conduct vehicle-to- vehicle (V2V) communications. Since the vehicular communication environment has different characteristics compared with conventional cellular systems, efficient resource allocation strategies for D2D communications in VANETs are demanded. In this paper, we propose two such algorithms aiming at minimizing the consumption of cellular radio resources. We divide the vehicles on a road into multiple clusters, each of which utilizes a single cellular user's resource. One of the proposed algorithms is constructed based on the dynamic programming technique to search the optimal clustering solution. The other seeks to solve the resource allocation problem with low computing complexity. The performances of the algorithms are exhibited through simulations under practical traffic environments.
Correlates of suiCide risk among seCondary sChool students in Cape town

The aim of this study was to assess correlates of suicide risk in a South African school-based population ( N = 1,157) from three secondary schools in Cape Town. Results indicated that using the Suicide Risk Screen (SRS; Eggert, Herting, & Thompson, 1995) a high rate of learners screened in at possible suicide risk (31.6%). Anger control problems, low self-esteem, perceived stress and unmet school goals were identified as predictors for suicide risk, while gender, age, drug involvement (alcohol and drug use, drug control problems and adverse consequences from alcohol and drug abuse), parental alcohol and/or drug abuse problems, perceived school performance, serious conflicts and tension with parents and unmet family goals were not associated with suicide risk.
An Efficient Algorithm for Mining Frequent Patterns over High Speed Data Streams

The existing algorithms for mining frequent patterns usually divide into two steps. One is calculating the frequency of itemsets while monitoring each arrival of data stream. The other is to output the frequent itemsets. Due to the large number of item combinations, calculating frequency spends a lot of time. Therefore, for high speed long transaction data streams, there may be not enough time to process every transaction arriving. Proposed in this paper is an highly effective algorithm for mining frequent patterns over high speed data streams. The algorithm delays calculation of the frequency to the 2nd step. The 1st step only stores necessary information for each transaction, which can avoid missing any transaction arriving. Because the 1st step and the 2nd step are relatively independent, therefore the two steps may process synchronization. Experiments show that the algorithm exceed the existing algorithms, LossyCounting and FDPM, especially for long transaction data streams.
An improved Otsu image segmentation algorithm for path mark detection under variable illumination

Variable illumination is a difficult problem for path mark detection of high-speed vision-based vehicle. It is vitally important to adopt an effective real-time method to solve the problem. In this paper a new grayscale image automatic thresholding algorithm is presented to segment the path mark from the image under different illumination conditions. The new method aims at enhancing its real-time performance which derives from Otsu automatic thresholding algorithm The experimental results show that the new improved algorithm dramatically reduces the operating time in image segmentation while ensures the final image segmentation quality.
The performativity of codeswitching

Many problems in codeswitching theory point to a lack of fit between linguistic data and a sufficiently elaborated theory of social life. In this paper, codeswitching will be viewed as one type of socioculturally informed discourse mediating speakers' responses to social, cultural, economic and symbolic capital. The conversational data for this study comprise an informal meeting between women comerciantes in postcolonial Mozambique, a community characterized by weak state organization, a plenitude of informal markets and divisive social conflicts manifested in heteroglossic speech practices. The data is analyzed in relation to Judith Butler's performativity theory, and seen as part of the reflexive constitution of power and agency in local sites formed by the productivity of economic failure. By way of conclusion, some implications for common concepts of
A look-ahead unicast routing algorithm in MANETs

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an autonomous system of mobile hosts that are connected via wireless links without prior planning or needs of any existing network infrastructure. The mobile hosts communicate to each other not only as mobile source and mobile destination but also as mobile router in the wireless network. Mobile routers are free to move randomly, thus, incur the risk of frequent communication failures. This causes routing information kept by the nodes to get outdated easily. These problems become more complex in wireless networks, where bandwidth is limited. An efficient and robust routing protocol to address this, therefore, is required. A look-ahead unicast routing (LAUR) routing protocol based on source routing was proposed. LAUR has a route discovery feature that when a source needs to find a routing path to a destination, it does not flood the network with control packets, which is an approach widely used in most of the ad hoc routing algorithms. Instead, the source selects one of its neighbors to send out a route request packet by using the prior information the source acquires from its neighbors to determine an appropriate route that could lead to the destination. Using such information helps the source to prevent selecting a node whose queue is already congested, especially when the network is loaded. The operations in the algorithm are designed to generate a small number of control packets. The proposed LAUR is implemented using GLOMOSIM. Through simulations, we study the performance of the network using the proposed LAUR, and compare with the well known routing protocol, dynamic source routing (DSR) and AODV.
On Dark Matter, Spiral Galaxies, and the Axioms of General Relativity

Beginning with a geometric motivation for dark matter going back to the axioms of general relativity, we show how scalar field dark matter, which naturally forms dark matter density waves due to its wave nature, may cause the observed barred spiral pattern density waves in many disk galaxies and triaxial shapes with plausible brightness profiles in many elliptical galaxies. If correct, this would provide a unified explanation for spirals and bars in spiral galaxies and for the brightness profiles of elliptical galaxies. We compare the results of preliminary computer simulations with photos of actual galaxies.
Secure Ad-hoc Pairing with Biometrics: SAfE

The pairing problem is to enable two devices, which share no prior context with each other, to agree upon a security association that they can use to protect their subsequent communication. Secure pairing should o®er guarantees of the association partner's identity and it should be resistant to eavesdropping or to a man-in the middle attack. We propose a user friendly solution to this problem. Keys extracted from images of the participants are used for authentication. Details of the SAfE pairing system are presented along with a discussion of the security features and a usability analysis.
Phylogenomic Data Support a Seventh Order of Methylotrophic Methanogens and Provide Insights into the Evolution of Methanogenesis

Increasing evidence from sequence data from various environments, including the human gut, suggests the existence of a previously unknown putative seventh order of methanogens. The first genomic data from members of this lineage, Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis and “Candidatus Methanomethylophilus alvus,” provide insights into its evolutionary history and metabolic features. Phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal proteins robustly indicates a monophyletic group independent of any previously known methanogenic order, which shares ancestry with the Marine Benthic Group D, the Marine Group II, the DHVE2 group, and the Thermoplasmatales. This phylogenetic position, along with the analysis of enzymes involved in core methanogenesis, strengthens a single ancient origin of methanogenesis in the Euryarchaeota and indicates further multiple independent losses of this metabolism in nonmethanogenic lineages than previously suggested. Genomic analysis revealed an unprecedented loss of the genes coding for the first six steps of methanogenesis from H2/CO2 and the oxidative part of methylotrophic methanogenesis, consistent with the fact that M. luminyensis and “Ca. M. alvus” are obligate H2-dependent methylotrophic methanogens. Genomic data also suggest that these methanogens may use a large panel of methylated compounds. Phylogenetic analysis including homologs retrieved from environmental samples indicates that methylotrophic methanogenesis (regardless of dependency on H2) is not restricted to gut representatives but may be an ancestral characteristic of the whole order, and possibly also of ancient origin in the Euryarchaeota. 16S rRNA and McrA trees show that this new order of methanogens is very diverse and occupies environments highly relevant for methane production, therefore representing a key lineage to fully understand the diversity and evolution of methanogenesis.
A mobile-display-driver IC embedding a capacitive-touch-screen controller system

Touch-screen technologies, which are at the forefront of a design revolution in user interfaces, are coming into the spotlight. Lately, capacitive-type touch-screens have been widely adopted in high-end mobile applications mainly because they offer multi- and soft-touch features together with higher durability and superior light transmittance over resistive-type touch-screens. Meanwhile, manufacturing costs have slowed down the adoption of this technology in low-end applications. Many display-module makers are trying to reduce system cost by merging the touch-screen panel (TSP) with the display panel [1]. At the same time, there is a desire for small-form-factor modules, which is driving an effort to reduce the number of components [2]. Hence in this paper we integrate 2 separate functions: a touch screen controller (TSC) and display driver IC (DDI), into a single chip.
Phytosphingosine-1-phosphate is a signaling molecule 1 involved in miconazole resistance in sessile Candida albicans 2 cells 3 Running title : Sphingolipids play a role in miconazole resistance

Running title: Sphingolipids play a role in miconazole resistance 4 5 6 Davy Vandenbosch, Anna Bink, Gilmer Govaert, Bruno P. A. Cammue, Hans J. Nelis, 7 Karin Thevissen and Tom Coenye* 8 9 Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, 10 Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium 11 Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, 12 Heverlee, Belgium 13 14 15
Assimilation of Geosat altimeter data for the Agulhas current using the ensemble Kalman filter with

Abstract The ring-shedding process in the Agulhas Current is studied using the ensemble Kalman filter to assimilate Geosat altimeter data into a two-layer quasigeostrophic ocean model. The properties of the ensemble Kalman filter are further explored with focus on the analysis scheme and the use of gridded data. The Geosat data consist of 10 fields of gridded sea surface height anomalies separated 10 days apart that are added to a climatic mean field. This corresponds to a huge number of data values, and a data reduction scheme must be applied to increase the efficiency of the analysis procedure. Further, it is illustrated how one can resolve the rank problem occurring when a too large dataset or a small ensemble is used.
Rapid isotropic diffusion mapping without susceptibility artifacts: Whole brain studies using diffusion‐weighted single‐shot STEAM MR imaging

A subsecond magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for isotropic diffusion mapping is described which, in contrast to echo‐planar imaging (EPI), is insensitive to resonance offsets, i.e., tissue susceptibility differences, magnetic field inhomogeneities, and chemical shifts. It combines a diffusion‐weighted (DW) spin‐echo preparation period and a high‐speed stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) MRI sequence and yields single‐shot images within measuring times of 559 msec (80 echoes). Here, diffusion encoding involved one scan without DW, three DW scans with b = 490 sec mm−2, and three DW scans with b = 1000 sec mm−2 (orthogonal gradient orientations). An automated on‐line evaluation resulted in isotropic DW images as well as ADC maps (trace of the diffusion tensor). Experiments at 2.0 T covered the brain of healthy subjects in 20 contiguous sections of 6 mm thickness and 2.0 × 2.0 mm2 in‐plane resolution within a total measuring time of 78 sec. High‐resolution studies at 1.0 × 1.0 mm2 (interpolated from 2.0 × 1.0 mm2 acquisitions) were obtained within 5 min 13 sec using four averages. In comparison with EPI, DW single‐shot STEAM MRI exhibits only about half the SNR, but completely avoids regional signal losses, high intensity artifacts, and geometric distortions. Magn Reson Med 44:731–736, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.