Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE DIFFUSIVE SPREAD OF ALLELES IN HETEROGENEOUS POPULATIONS

Abstract The spread of genes and individuals through space in populations is relevant in many biological contexts. I study, via systems of reaction-diffusion equations, the spatial spread of advantageous alleles through structured populations. The results show that the temporally asymptotic rate of spread of an advantageous allele, a kind of invasion speed, can be approximated for a class of linear partial differential equations via a relatively simple formula, c = 2rD̄, that is reminiscent of a classic formula attributed to R. A. Fisher. The parameters r and D̄ represent an asymptotic growth rate and an average diffusion rate, respectively, and can be interpreted in terms of eigenvalues and eigenvectors that depend on the population's demographic structure. The results can be applied, under certain conditions, to a wide class of nonlinear partial differential equations that are relevant to a variety of ecological and evolutionary scenarios in population biology. I illustrate the approach for computing invasion speed with three examples that allow for heterogeneous dispersal rates among different classes of individuals within model populations.
SDN-based distributed mobility management

A distributed mobility management (DMM) scheme has been proposed to solve problems of centralized mobility management such as dynamic routing and IP address allocation. However, centralized mobility management schemes cause many signaling message costs for supporting mobility management. Therefore, in this paper, we applied the software defined network (SDN) concept to DMM architecture to support efficient mobility management and to solve existing problems in centralized mobility schemes. In our proposed scheme, we define a new mobility management entity for reducing tunneling overhead supporting route optimization. To evaluate the proposed management scheme, we establish an analytical model and formulate signaling and packet-delivery costs.
Detection of qnr in Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli from Korea

ABSTRACT qnr was detected in 2 of 260 Escherichia coli clinical isolates collected from a Korean hospital during the period 2001 to 2003. The two strains were not clonally related. qnr was located in In4 family class 1 integrons of original structure, downstream of orf513 and upstream from another resistance gene (dfrA3b) and a gene of unknown function (orf105). Transfer of the qnr determinant by conjugation could be detected from only one strain.
A selective training way on EMC through graduation project

Though electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) education at the undergraduate level has been paid much attention than before. However, classroom-study of EMC is usually not enough to ensure students having the real capability of solving practical electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise problems, this paper offered an opportunity through a graduation project named "EMI noise diagnosing and noise suppressing system" based on our research in the past. The project here was just aimed at the basic understanding on how to diagnose EMI noise through a special EMC measurement instrument and how to suppress these noise effectively
Identification of Human Actions in Video Database

The Human activity detection is a more highly sought research as they are used for the Surveillance, Health care system, content based search, and interactive game applications. The Human activity recognition is carried out by three main stages namely object segmentation, feature extraction, their representation and human action detection using different algorithms. This paper is an attempt to identify the human activities such as running, jogging, clapping and hand waving in a video database using the method of bag of features which is the extension of bag of words. The Size Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) based bag of SIFTs is used for the local feature extraction from the images that are chosen for the human activity detection. After finding the SIFT features for both the database and the query video, the query video features are compared with each of the database video features, the distance is found using Euclidean Distance method and the K Nearest Neighbor classifier is used to find the classified category from the list of the video . Matlab based implementation is done with various activities identified and their efficiencies are compared.
Leucine incorporation and its potential as a measure of protein synthesis by bacteria in natural aquatic systems

Leucine incorporation was examined as a method for estimating rates of protein synthesis by bacterial assemblages in natural aquatic systems. The proportion of the total bacterial population that took up leucine in three marine environments was high (greater than 50%). Most of the leucine (greater than 90%) taken up was incorporated into protein, and little (less than 20%) was degraded to other amino acids, except in two oligotrophic marine environments. In samples from these two environments, ca. 50% of the leucine incorporated had been degraded to other amino acids, which were subsequently incorporated into protein. The degree of leucine degradation appears to depend on the organic carbon supply, as the proportion of 3H-radioactivity incorporated into protein that was recovered as [3H]leucine after acid hydrolysis increased with the addition of pyruvate to oligotrophic water samples. The addition of extracellular leucine inhibited total incorporation of [14C]pyruvate (a precursor for leucine biosynthesis) into protein. Furthermore, the proportion of [14C]pyruvate incorporation into protein that was recovered as [14C]leucine decreased with the addition of extracellular leucine. These results show that the addition of extracellular leucine inhibits leucine biosynthesis by marine bacterial assemblages. The molar fraction of leucine in a wide variety of proteins is constant, indicating that changes in leucine incorporation rates reflect changes in rates of protein synthesis rather than changes in the leucine content of proteins. The results demonstrate that the incorporation rate of [3H]leucine into a hot trichloroacetic acid-insoluble cell fraction can serve as an index of protein synthesis by bacterial assemblages in aquatic systems.
Systemic Immunosuppression in High-Risk Penetrating Keratoplasty: A Systematic Review

Cornea transplantation has a high success rate and typically only requires topical immunomodulation. However, in high-risk cases, systemic immunosuppression can be used. We conducted a systematic review on the efficacy and side effects of systemic immunosuppression for high-risk cornea transplantation. The study population was 18 years old or older with a high-risk transplant (two or more clock hours of cornea vascularization or a previous failed graft or a graft needed because of herpes simplex keratitis). A comprehensive search strategy was performed with the help of an information specialist and content experts from ophthalmology. All study designs were accepted for assessment. Level 1 and level 2 screening was performed by two reviewers followed by data abstraction. Forest plots were created whenever possible to synthesize treatment effects. Quality assessment was done with a Downs and Blacks score. From 1,150 articles, 29 were ultimately used for data abstraction. The odds ratios (ORs) for clear graft survival in cyclosporine and controls were 2.43 (95% CI: 1.00 - 5.88) and 3.64 (95% CI: 1.48 - 8.91) for rejection free episodes. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) significantly improved the rejection free graft survival rates at 1 year (OR: 4.05, 95% CI: 1.83 - 8.96). The overall results suggested that both systemic cyclosporine and MMF improved 1-year rejection free graft survival in high-risk keratoplasty. Cyclosporine also significantly improved clear graft survival rates at 1 year; however, there were insufficient data to analyze the same in the MMF group. Higher quality studies are needed to understand this issue better.
An Empirical Analysis of Market Formation, Pricing, and Revenue Sharing in Ride-Hailing Services

We empirically study the two-sided market for ride-hailing services and the effects of pricing policies and regulation on the value generated by these platforms. We first develop a discrete choice model for the formation of mutually dependent demand (consumer side) and supply (driver side) that jointly and endogenously determine pricing. Using this model and a comprehensive data set obtained from the largest mobile ride platform in China, we estimate consumer and driver price elasticities as well as other factors that affect market participation for the two main markets the company hosts, namely basic ride-hailing and taxi services, with a high level of model fit. Based on these estimation results and counterfactual analysis, we demonstrate that surge pricing improves consumer and driver welfare as well as platform revenues, while reducing taxi revenues on the platform. However, our analysis suggests that surge pricing can hurt consumer surplus and platform revenues during non-peak hours, and hence should be used selectively during the day. We show that platform revenues can be maximized by increasing drivers' revenue share from the current levels. We measure the effects of proposed regulations such as imposing ride-hail price hikes, and demonstrate that they would decrease consumer and driver surplus significantly. Finally, we estimate that the platform's basic ride-hailing services generated consumer value equivalent to more than 32 Billion USD in China in 2017.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Severe Epignathus in a Twin: Case Report and Review of the Literature

A prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of epignathus in a dichorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy is reported. A complex mass protruding from the fetal face was seen at week 19. Amniocentesis resulted in a 46,XX fetus with elevated alpha-fetoprotein (α-FP). An increase in tumor size and severe polyhydramnios ensued. Selective feticide performed at 22 weeks led to untreatable uterine contractions with iatrogenic abortion and early neonatal mortality of the healthy cotwin. Without development of polyhydramnios and tumor growth, weekly scan and transvaginal cervical assessment would have been carried out and cesarean section planned at around 32 weeks. Necroscopy and histology aided the ultrasound-based prenatal diagnosis.
Long-Range Twinkle Induction: An Achromatic Rebound Effect in the Magnocellular Processing System?

After viewing a blank region surrounded by a dynamic noise stimulus, viewers report the perception of prolonged dynamic twinkle in the unstimulated blank region. This twinkle aftereffect may be induced over long ranges in the visual field, up to 10° from the edge of the noise in central vision. Our previous studies of the properties of this aftereffect suggested mediation by the magnocellular processing system. We therefore evaluated the properties predicted by the magnocellular hypothesis by varying the coloring, the temporal and the spatial frequency of the stimulus. No aftereffect could be induced by an equiluminant color stimulus or by luminance noise below the temporal frequency of 5 Hz. The aftereffect obtained by luminance noise above 5 Hz was stronger for larger inducing elements. These results are consistent with known properties of the magnocellular processing system.
Multiscale Computational Modeling of Epileptic Seizures : from macro to microscopic dynamics

L’evaluation experimentale des mecanismes de l’initiation, de la propagation, et de la fin des crises d’epilepsie est un probleme complexe. Cette these consiste en le developpement d’un modele de reseau de neurones aux caracteristiques biologiques pertinentes a la comprehension des mecanismes de genese et de propagation de crises d’epilepsie. Nous demontrons que les decharges de type pointes ondes peuvent etre generees par les neurones inhibiteurs seuls, tandis que les decharges rapides sont dues en grande partie aux neurones excitateurs. Nous concluons que les variations lentes d’excitabilite globale du systeme, dues aux fluctuations du milieu extracellulaire, et les interactions electro-tonique par jonctions communicantes sont les facteurs favorisant la genese de crise localement, tandis qu’a plus large echelle spatiale les communications synaptiques excitatrices et le couplage extracellulaire qui participe davantage a la propagation des crises d’une region du cerveau a une autre.
SOME QUANTITATIVE USES OF DRUG ANTAGONISTS

Various applications of pAx measurements are discussed based on the hypothesis that drugs and drug antagonists compete for receptors according to the mass law. Examples are given illustrating the use of pAx measurements to identify agonists which act on the same receptors and to compare the receptors of different tissues. Tests of competitive and noncompetitive antagonism are considered in relation to the antagonisms acetylcholine‐atropine, histamine‐atropine and acetylcholine‐cinchonidine. A new measure, pAh, is introduced to express the activity of unsurmountable antagonists.
Extraction with Neural Sequence-to-Sequence Models

Cross-lingual information extraction is the task of distilling facts from foreign language (e.g. Chinese text) into representations in another language that is preferred by the user (e.g. English tuples). Conventional pipeline solutions decompose the task as machine translation followed by information extraction (or vice versa). We propose a joint solution with a neural sequence model, and show that it outperforms the pipeline in a cross-lingual open information extraction setting by 1-4 BLEU and 0.5-0.8 F1.
Preliminary Forensic Accounting Investigation of Economic and Financial Crimes in Nigeria: Experts’ Revelations

The objective of this was to understand the preliminary procedures of the forensic accounting investigation of the economic and financial crimes, in Nigeria. Economic and financial crimes, especially the public sector corruption have been of great concern in Nigeria over the years. This has necessitated the setting up of some notable agencies such as the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) to arrest this ugly situation. With the setting up of EFCC and the adoption of forensic accounting techniques to investigate the commission of all economic and financial crimes in the country, this study attempts to understand the preliminary procedures before fully commencing the full blown investigation. The essence is to ensure proper precautionary measures are taken before going for the investigation. The study employs qualitative research methodology to understand the phenomenon from the experts in EFCC who are placed in a better position to share their worldviews and experiences. Through qualitative interview with twenty-four experts drawn from EFCC, the findings reveal corruption risk assessment and petition review and study among the preliminary procedures carried out before the commencement of forensic accounting investigation by EFCC.
The effects of Supply Chain Management (SCM) activities and their impact upon festival management and the customer experience.

As the number of festivals and the need to provide more satisfying customer experiences continue to grow, the challenges faced by festival managers have become more complicated than ever. This means that festival organisers are becoming progressively more reliant on their inter-organisational/delivery partners to sustain and improve their on-going operational activity. Supply Chain Management (SCM) provides a new dimension to a traditional perspective on the management of festivals, as collective co-operation can lead to the provision of superior value to customers. Through data collected from multiple semi-structured interviews with directors and employees at UK-based music events and festival suppliers, this chapter offers insights into how the effective and efficient management of SCM carries additional benefits to festival delivery. Firstly, it illustrates the complexity and multiplicity of supply chains in the festival industry and highlights the reliance on trust, customer visibility and communication within the overall supply chain. Secondly, the chapter applies two models from the mainstream SCM literature, namely the Bullwhip Effect and the Kraljic’s Purchasing Portfolio Model, to reveal the complex interactions between individual organisations in the supply chain.
An OCR based on character shape codes and lexical information

We describe an OCR process which has as its principal attributes high speed of operation and tunability to the lexical content of the documents to which it is applied. This process relies on the transformation of the text image into character shape codes, a rapid and robust process, and on special lexica which contain information on the "shape" of words and the character ambiguities present within particular word shape classifications. We rely on the structure of English (in the current case) and the high percentage of singleton mappings between the shape codes and the characters in the words. Considerable ambiguity is removed by simple lookup in the specially tuned and structured lexicon and substitution on a character-by-character basis. Ambiguity is further reduced by template matching using exemplars derived from surrounding text, taking advantage of the local consistency of font, face and size as well as image quality.
A Novel Final Focus Design for Future Linear Colliders 22 May 2000

The length, complexity and cost of present Final Focus designs for linear colliders grow very fast with the beam energy. Because of the tight tolerances and delicate tuning required there are serious questions as to whether they could ever reach design performance. In the following paper, a novel final focus system is presented and compared with the one proposed for NLC \cite{ZDR}. This new design is much simpler, shorter and cheaper, with wider bandwidth, and comparable tolerances and tunability. Moreover, the scaling of the length with energy is slower than linear allowing a more flexible design that is applicable over a much larger energy range. A N o v e l F i n a l F o c u s D e s i g n f o r F u t u r e L i n e a r C o l l i d e r s Pantaleo Raimondi and Andrei Seryi Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94309 USA
Contribution à l'étude, au développement et à la réalisation d'oscillateurs à contrôle numérique en technologie silicium avancée

Les travaux presentes dans la these portent sur la conception et la realisation d'oscillateurs a commande numerique en technologie CMOS 65nm. Les applications visees sont les systemes de communication sans-fil WLAN 802.11a/b/g (2,5 et 5GHz) et WPAN 802.15. 3c (60GHz). Afin de repondre aux specifications fixees par ces standards, nous proposons d'utiliser la topologie d'oscillateur distribue. Cette derniere est particulierement bien adaptee aux hautes frequences. Deux realisations sont presentees : une premiere a 10GHz permet de valider l'oscillateur distribue a commande en tension; une seconde a 53GHz introduit la commande numerique sur une topologie d'oscillateur distribue.
Would You Like A Free Mammogram? Effectiveness of Utilizing WhatsApp As a Social Marketing Tool in Improving Uptake for a Free Mammography Service in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Background: Social media and messaging services are increasingly targeted by health providers as an avenue to spread health messages, increase awareness and also for social marketing. WhatsApp is a social media application which has wide penetration in Malaysia, with more than half the population relying on WhatsApp for news. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of WhatsApp as a social marketing tool to increase uptake for a free mammography service for underprivileged women. Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial conducted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Individuals from the National Cancer Society of Malaysia database were randomized into 1 of 3 arms receiving a WhatsApp message; i) a poster of a free mammography service for underprivileged women; ii) a poster of the free mammography service for underprivileged women with a personal message from the Director of the National Cancer Society of Malaysia; and iii) the poster, personal message from the director and a specific Saturday screening date with the exhortation that there were only 40 places available for that date on a first-come first-serve basis. The outcomes of the trial were i) number of women who returned a call or WhatsApp message to the designated numbers; ii) number of women who booked an appointment for the mammography service; and iii) numbers of women who attended the appointment. Results: The number of calls and inquiries to designated numbers increased by more than 200% as a result of the WhatsApp messages. There were statistically significant differences between the three delivery arms; with the highest percentages of women booking and attending their mammography appointments coming from the arm which had a designated screening date with limited availability. Conclusion: WhatsApp was highly effective at increasing community penetration and marketing a free mammography service for underprivileged women in Kuala Lumpur. Messages with an appeal from a personage and with a specific date of “expiry” were more effective at getting the targeted group to avail themselves of the service.
Challenges facing sugarcane supply to Mtibwa Factory: empirical evidence from Mtibwa Sugarcane Outgrowers Scheme, Morogoro, Tanzania

This study intended to assess challenges facing supply of outgrowers sugarcane to Mtibwa factory in Morogoro, Tanzania using a sample of 210 respondents. The main objective was to investigate problems leading to low supply of cane from outgrowers. Specifically the study aimed to (i) Investigate factors affecting farm level productivity,(ii) Analyze sugarcane outgrowers technical efficiency, (iii) Determine profitability of sugarcane production among outgrowers and (iv) Examine constraints facing sugarcane outgrowers. Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier with technical efficiency effect was used to estimate factors affecting sugarcane productivity, technical efficiency and factors affecting efficiency. Outgrowers profitability was estimated by Net Present Value (NPV) analysis. Stochastic production function estimates showed that; factor affecting sugarcane productivity were 0.02, 1.2e-3, and 0.78 for capital, labour and land respectively. Findings also showed that the mean technical efficiency was 53.75%. Furthermore; the results showed that the factors affecting efficiency levels positively were age, farming experience, non-farm activities, marital status and household size. Profitability analysis from calculated values of NPV was positive thus it can be concluded that the business was profitable. Major problems faced by outgrowers included late payments, low price, high service charges and lack of transparency in calculating rendement and sugarcane weight.
Organizations, Risk Translation, and the Ecology of Risks: The Discursive Construction of a Novel Risk

The contemporary ‘risk society’ is associated with the emergence of a wide range of risks characterised by uncertainty and unfamiliarity. These ‘novel’ risks pose a major challenge for organizations: their negative effects may be significant, but prevailing risk assessment techniques are limited in their ability to identify them. Building on our prior work on the chemical bisphenol A (BPA), this study examines how organizations deal with novel risks. It finds that organizations engage in ‘risk translation’ by translating equivocality associated with the novel risk into more familiar risks, which provide them with a clearer basis and guide for action. As organizations take actions to manage these translated risks, an ‘ecology of risks’ evolves which, over time, allows for the construction of a novel risk. The study contributes to research on organizing and risk by theorizing how organizations respond to novel risks, as well as by highlighting the role of translated organizational risks in constructing novel risks and shaping societal responses to grand challenges.