Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transgender Language: What Makes Turkish Male Homosexual Language Distinctive?

Most gender-based linguistic studies in literature are related to men and women only, whereas the term gender is supposed to refer to transgender people as well. People whose sex and gender do not match (GLAAD, 2010) obviously use language in a different way from men and women in some aspects. This study aims to find out the acoustic and phonological differences of male homosexual language from those of men and women. Some male to female transgender people such as trans-sexuals and cross-dressers speak in a distinctive way, which usually becomes a criterion of judgment for stereotyping (Medhurst, 2002: pp. 314-315) and a matter of ridicule on the part of other people. The distinctiveness of this language use may result from acoustic, anatomical, hormonal, physiological and even philosophical differences (Pepiot, 2012). This study focuses on the acoustic and phonological aspects. To identify these aspects, voice recordings of male homosexuals were manipulated in the phonology laboratory and perception tests were conducted on a control group. The results of the study confirmed that one of the most important acoustic and phonological features that differentiate male homosexual speech from male and female heterosexual speech is pitch range, in other words intonation.
Age-Related Changes in Trabecular Meshwork Imaging

Purpose. To evaluate the normal aging effects on trabecular meshwork (TM) parameters using Fourier domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) images. Patients and Methods. One eye from 45 participants with open angles was imaged. Two independent readers measured TM area, TM length, and area and length of the TM interface shadow from 3 age groups (18–40, 41–60, and 61–80). Measurements were compared using stepwise regression analysis. Results. The average TM parameters were 0.0487 (±0.0092) mm2 for TM area, 0.5502 (±0.1033) mm for TM length, 0.1623 (±0.341) mm2 for TM interface shadow area, and 0.7755 (±0.1574) mm for TM interface shadow length. Interobserver reproducibility coefficients ranged from 0.45 (TM length) to 0.82 (TM area). TM area and length were not correlated with age. While the TM interface shadow length did not correlate with age, the TM interface shadow area increased with age. Race, sex, intraocular pressure, and gonioscopy score were not correlated with any TM parameters. Conclusion. Although the TM measurements were not correlated with age, the TM interface shadow area increased with age. Further study is required to determine whether there is any relationship between the age-related ASOCT findings of the TM interface shadow area and physiologic function.
Spiral via structure in a BGA package to mitigate discontinuities in multi-gigabit SERDES system

Multi-gigabit serial channel design has become more and more important since channel margins are becoming tighter as operating frequencies increase. Most engineers working on these channels have been plagued by several different types of signal integrity problems including impedance discontinuities, reflections, attenuation, undershoot and overshoot, and crosstalk. In reality, many signal integrity problems are caused by impedance discontinuities. These discontinuities can be caused by physical discontinuities, system parasitics, or design mistakes. We need to understand these discontinuity issues to improve full channel from package to PCB board. When most designers simulate a channel, they concatenate separate package and PCB models. Using these concatenated models they simulate the data path in a channel simulation test bench. This piecewise or concatenated channel model is incomplete because it does not carefully consider the interface between the BGA package and the PCB. The hidden factor which makes the concatenated channel model differ from real channel measurement will be disclosed in this paper. A more detailed solder ball analysis has also been done during this process. We learn from the above results that if the package is soldered down to the PCB and measured together, additional loss occurs due to the package to board transition. The combined channel is more capacitive than the concatenated channel in the package to board transition region. The excess capacitance due to BGA solder ball transition is due to the physics of the interface and can not be easily eliminated. It is shown that system performance degradation is very sensitive to the impedance discontinuity introduced at the BGA/PCB interface. This paper will introduce a spiral via structure which is shown to be a more effective way to compensate the transition discontinuity seen at the BGA/PCB interface. This paper also shows how the spiral via structure was implemented and optimized in the BGA package. The overall channel performance improvement by using spiral via structures in BGA package is proven by the simulation and measurement.
The Politics of Measurement: The Contested Count of the Disappeared in Argentina

Measurement is a critical first step in assessing human rights violations, comparing cases, and designing appropriate international and domestic policies. But measurement is not a neutral technical exercise; in public policy, information is contested terrain. Sensitive scholars of human rights have often discussed the political difficulties of collecting and interpreting data on human rights violations.2 These analysts focus on political obstacles to the academic production of data-but political factors also influence the policy consumption of data. Debates on the level and nature of human rights violations shape international and domestic public policy. Measure-
Please Scroll down for Article International Journal of Remote Sensing Nondestructive Estimation of Canopy Chlorophyll Content Using Hyperion and Landsat/tm Images Nondestructive Estimation of Canopy Chlorophyll Content Using Hyperion and Landsat/tm Images

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Remote sensing offers a nondestructive tool for the quick and precise estimation of canopy chlorophyll content that serves as an important indicator of the plant ecosystem. In this study, the canopy chlorophyll content of 26 samples in 2007 and 40 samples in 2008 of maize were nondestructively estimated by a set of Enhanced Vegetation Index, EVI) derived from the hyperspectral Hyperion and Thematic Mapper (TM) images. The PROSPECT model was used for sensitivity analysis among the indices and results indicated that CI green had a large linear correlation with chlorophyll content ranging from 100–1000 mg m-2. EVI showed a moderate ability in avoiding saturation and reached a saturation of chlorophyll content above 600 mg m-2. Both of the other two indices, MSAVI and NDVI, showed a clear saturation at chlorophyll content of 400 mg m-2 , which demonstrated they may be inappropriate for chlorophyll interpretation at high values. A validation study was also conducted with satellite observations (Hyperion and TM) and in-situ measurements of chlorophyll content in maize. Results indicated that canopy chlorophyll content can be remotely evaluated by VIs with r 2 ranging from the lowest of 0.73 for NDVI to the highest of 0.86 for CI green. EVI had a greater precision (r 2 ¼0.81) than MASVI (r 2 ¼0.75) in canopy chlorophyll content estimation. The results agreed well with the sensitivity study and will be helpful in developing future models for canopy chlorophyll evaluation.
The Income Standard for the Performing and Visual Arts in the Netherlands

In the past three to four decades, phenomena such as privatization, di­ minished levels of state support and increasingly intense accountability claims have been a red thread throughout arts policy in many European countries. A results­based management style has become the norm by which non-profit organizations in the arts are funded, to the extent that the systematic measurement of the performance of arts organizations in economic and managerial terms has become a characteristic of the state’s relationship with arts producers (EVANS 2000). Performance in­ dicators are the primary tools for measuring the compliance of organiza­ tions to government’s implicit demands and explicit requests. In this re­ gard, the International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies (IFACCA) even referred to a ‘cultural indicators agenda’ (IFACCA 2005). At the backdrop of New Public Management (NPM), arts policy has often been devised around regimes of monitoring and evaluation; frequently, this is because, in this manner, claims of the impact of the arts can be substantiated (BELFIORI 2002; JOHANSON et al. 2014). Regardless of their preoccupation with the economic and social value of the arts, or its value for money, central governments in many countries are preoc­ cupied with the financial performance of the recipients of public funds. Probably the most prevalent indicator of the financial performance of arts organizations is their ability to attract private funding. Substantial mixed financing has become a formal requirement of many governments for arts institutions and organizations:
Approximation of multiple switched flow systems for the purpose of control synthesis

Switched flow systems exhibit a continuous state evolving w.r. t. continuous time. However, a purely discrete interface to the environment is provided, acting on input events by switching between a finite number of flows and generating output events whenever the continuous state crosses certain boundaries. Here, a practically important task is the synthesis of a supervisory controller enforcing a specification in terms of input and output events to be met. A well known approach is so called approximation based synthesis, where the switched flow system is approximately realized by a finite automaton. In the situation of multiple switched flow systems the question arises first, how to approximate the individual systems, and second, how to compose the approximations in order to finally apply a synthesis scheme. It turns out that retaining clock time on the approximation level leads to a suitable overall procedure.
PolyAML: a polymorphic aspect-oriented functional programming language

This paper defines PolyAML, a typed functional, aspect-oriented programming language. The main contribution of Poly<SMALL>AML</SMALL> is the seamless integration of polymorphism, run-time type analysis and aspect-oriented programming language features. In particular, Poly<SMALL>AML</SMALL> allows programmers to define type-safe polymorphic advice using pointcuts constructed from a collection of polymorphic join points. Poly<SMALL>AML</SMALL> also comes equipped with a type inference algorithm that conservatively extends Hindley-Milner type inference. To support first-class polymorphic point-cut designators, a crucial feature for developing aspect-oriented profiling or logging libraries, the algorithm blends the conventional Hindley-Milner type inference algorithm with a simple form of local type inference.We give our language operational meaning via a type-directed translation into an expressive type-safe intermediate language. Many complexities of the source language are eliminated in this translation, leading to a modular specification of its semantics. One of the novelties of the intermediate language is the definition of polymorphic labels for marking control-flow points. These labels are organized in a tree structure such that a parent in the tree serves as a representative for all of its children. Type safety requires that the type of each child is less polymorphic than its parent type. Similarly, when a set of labels is assembled as a pointcut, the type of each label is an instance of the type of the pointcut.
Association of cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase and N-acetyl transferase 2 gene polymorphisms with incidence of acute myeloid leukemia

The objective of the paper was to study the association of polymorphisms of phases I and II xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme genes cytochrome P450 (CYP-4501A1*2A, *2B, *2C and *4 alleles, CYP-4502D6*4 allele), glutathione-S-transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes) and N-acetyl transferase 2 (NAT2*6B and *7A alleles) with the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in an eastern Indian population. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism of genomic DNA from peripheral blood cells were used to detect CYP-450 and NAT2 gene polymorphisms in 110 AML patients and 144 racially and geographically matched normal controls. Polymerase chain reaction was also applied to detect GST gene polymorphisms in both groups. A statistically significant difference between the AML group and the normal group was observed in the case of glutathione-S-transferase M1 null (odds ratio 3.25, 95% confidence interval 1.9–5.58, P<0.001) and N-acetyl transferase 2*6B (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 1.79–5.16, P<0.001) genotypes. Combined deficiency of N-acetyl transferase 2 and glutathione-S-transferase M1 genes produced an odds ratio of 11.91 (95% confidence interval 4.06–34.96, P<0.001). The effect of N-acetyl transferase 2*6B (P<0.001) is significant only at ages ≤40. In the population studied, persons with glutathione-S-transferase M1 null genotype and N-acetyl transferase 2*6B allele are at increased risk of developing AML, and the risk is considerably enhanced in persons with both glutathione-S-transferase M1 and N-acetyl transferase 2 deficiency.
Langmuir probe Diagnostic for local parameter measurement in Magnetized Plasma using LabVIEW

In recent years, plasma technology is used by Semiconductor, thin film industries for deposit layers, etching process and surface modification. So it is necessary to understanding internal plasma parameter. Langmuir probe is one of the simplest techniques which is used to measure wide range of plasma parameter like plasma potential, floating potential, electron temperature, electron energy distribution function (EEDF) etc. Langmuir current voltage characteristic is obtained by varying bias voltage of the probe. LabVIEW is most powerful Microsoft window compatible software which is used to immediate data acquisition and analysis. In this paper describes analysis of Langmuir data using LabVIEW software which automatically measure I-V Plasma probe Characteristics and obtain EEDF of plasma.
Repression of mitogen‐activated protein kinases ERK1/ERK2 activity by a protein tyrosine phosphatase in rat fibroblasts transformed by upstream oncoproteins

The observation that mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinases ERK1 and ERK2 are constitutively activated in a number of oncogene‐transformed cell lines has led to the hypothesis that prolonged activation of these enzymes is required for the transformation process. To investigate this question, we have examined the regulation of the ERK pathway in Rat1 fibroblasts transformed with activated c‐Raf‐1 (Raf22W), v‐Ha‐Ras, and v‐Src. Expression of these oncoproteins had no effect on the enzymatic activity of ERK1 and ERK2 in either serum‐starved or exponentially growing cells. Moreover, the stimulatory effect of serum on ERK1/ERK2 activity was substantially reduced or abrogated in these cells; this impairment was associated with a strong attenuation of c‐fos gene induction. In contrast, expression of Raf22w, v‐Ha‐Ras, or v‐Src resulted in the constitutive activation of the upstream kinases MEK1 and MEK2. Treatment of the cells with vanadate completely restored the activation of ERK1/ERK2 in oncogene‐transformed cells, suggesting the involvement of a vanadate‐sensitive tyrosine phosphatase. Northern blot analysis of VH1‐like dual‐specificity MAP kinase phosphatases did not reveal any significant difference in the mRNA expression pattern of these genes between parental and transformed Rat1 cells. Phosphoamino acid analysis indicated that ERK1 is phosphorylated on threonine, but not on tyrosine, in oncogene‐transformed cells and that vanadate treatment restores tyrosine phosphorylation. We conclude from these results that ERK1/ERK2 activity is repressed by a single‐specificity tyrosine phosphatase in oncogene‐transformed rat fibroblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 174:35–47, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visual Exploration of Big Spatio-Temporal Urban Data: A Study of New York City Taxi Trips

As increasing volumes of urban data are captured and become available, new opportunities arise for data-driven analysis that can lead to improvements in the lives of citizens through evidence-based decision making and policies. In this paper, we focus on a particularly important urban data set: taxi trips. Taxis are valuable sensors and information associated with taxi trips can provide unprecedented insight into many different aspects of city life, from economic activity and human behavior to mobility patterns. But analyzing these data presents many challenges. The data are complex, containing geographical and temporal components in addition to multiple variables associated with each trip. Consequently, it is hard to specify exploratory queries and to perform comparative analyses (e.g., compare different regions over time). This problem is compounded due to the size of the data-there are on average 500,000 taxi trips each day in NYC. We propose a new model that allows users to visually query taxi trips. Besides standard analytics queries, the model supports origin-destination queries that enable the study of mobility across the city. We show that this model is able to express a wide range of spatio-temporal queries, and it is also flexible in that not only can queries be composed but also different aggregations and visual representations can be applied, allowing users to explore and compare results. We have built a scalable system that implements this model which supports interactive response times; makes use of an adaptive level-of-detail rendering strategy to generate clutter-free visualization for large results; and shows hidden details to the users in a summary through the use of overlay heat maps. We present a series of case studies motivated by traffic engineers and economists that show how our model and system enable domain experts to perform tasks that were previously unattainable for them.
International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics Estimation of Goal Functional Error Arising from Iterative Solution of Euler Equations Estimation of Goal Functional Error Arising from Iterative Solution of Euler Equations

This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Estimation of the error arising in the cost (goal) functional due to stopping the iterative process is considered for a steady problem solved by temporal relaxation. The functional error is calculated using an iteration residual along with related adjoint parameters. Numerical tests demonstrate the applicability of this approach for the steady 2D Euler equations.
Supporting Business Workflows in Smart Grids: An Intelligent Nodes-Based Approach

This paper presents an application of business intelligence (BI) for electricity management systems in the context of the Smart Grid domain. Combining semantic Web technologies (SWT) and elements of grid computing (GC), we have designed a distributed architecture of intelligent nodes, which are called power grid distributed nodes (PGDINs). This distributed architecture supports the majority of the grid management activities in an intelligent and collaborative way by means of distributed processing of semantic data. A node collaborative scheme is defined based on logical states that each node presents according to the events occurring in the grid. A specific BPEL business-workflow is formally defined for each logical state, based on the node's knowledge base (an electrical model) and the distributed data. The introduced core workflows allow the potential grid behavior to be predefined when a business requirement is triggered. Thus, this approach supports the grid to react and reach over again a stable state, which is defined as a working state that facilitates the provision of the required business tasks. We have validated our approach with the simulation of a well-known use case, the energy balancing verification, fed with real data from the Spanish electrical grid.
Orthographic congruency effects in the suprasegmental domain: Evidence from Thai

The influence of orthographic knowledge on lexical tone processing was examined by manipulating the congruency between the tone and the tone marker of Thai monosyllabic words presented in three metalinguistic tasks. In tone monitoring (Experiment 1) and same–different tone judgement (Experiment 2)—that is, tasks that require an explicit analysis of tone information—an orthographic congruency effect was observed: Better performance was found when both tone and tone marker led to the same response than when they led to opposite, competing responses. In rhyme judgement (Experiment 3), a metaphonological task that allows tone to be processed in a more natural way since it does not require explicit analysis of tone, the orthographic effect emerged only when the interstimulus interval was lengthened from 30 to 1,200 ms. In addition to demonstrating the generalization of the orthographic congruency effect to the suprasegmental domain in Thai, the present data also suggest relatively late and task-dependent activation of orthographic representations of tone.
Review of developments in geometric modelling for high resolution satellite pushbroom sensors

The geometric modelling of satellite imaging sensors is a fundamental step in the photogrammetric processing chain, and becomes crucial in multi‐source data fusion and analysis. This paper seeks to report the main characteristics and developments of optical pushbroom sensors for photogrammetric and remote sensing applications, and to provide a critical review of approaches used for their geometric modelling.