Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia/HIF1α induces lapatinib resistance in ERBB2-positive breast cancer cells via regulation of DUSP2

ERBB2/HER2 belongs to the EGFR-family of receptor tyrosine kinases and its overexpression can promote tumor progression. Breast cancer patients with ERBB2 amplifications are currently treated with lapatinib, a small-molecule kinase inhibitor that specifically blocks EGFR/ERBB2 signaling. Here, we show that hypoxia, via HIF-1, induces resistance to lapatinib-mediated effects in ERBB2-expressing mammary epithelial and ERBB2-positive breast cancer cells. Lapatinib-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis in three-dimensional (3D) cultures are decreased under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia can maintain activation of signaling pathways downstream from ERBB2 including AKT and ERK in the presence of lapatinib. HIF-1 is both required and sufficient to induce lapatinib resistance as overexpression of stable HIF-1 in ERBB2-expressing cells blocks lapatinib-mediated effects and maintains ERBB2-downstream signaling under normoxic conditions. Under hypoxia, activation of ERK signaling is required for lapatinib resistance as treatment with MEK inhibitor trametinib reverses hypoxia-mediated lapatinib resistance. HIF-1 can bypass the lapatinib-treated inhibition of the ERK pathway via inhibition of the dual-specificity phosphatase 2 (DUSP2). Indeed, overexpression of DUSP2 in ErbB2-positve breast cancer cells reverses hypoxia-mediated lapatinib resistance. Thus, our results provide rationale for therapeutic evaluation of the treatment of hypoxic ERBB2 expressing breast tumors with a combination of lapatinib and MEK inhibitors.
Finite Differential Method based Diode and IGBT model in PSPICE

Other than the conventional Fourier model, the carrier diffusion equation which retains the distributed nature of charge dynamics in power bipolar devices can be solved by a fast Finite Differential Method in PSPICE. The paper presents the physical basis and the practical consideration of the new modeling approach of PiN Diode and IGBT. The models are also verified by simulations and experiments.
Budgeted stream-based active learning via adaptive submodular maximization

Active learning enables us to reduce the annotation cost by adaptively selecting unlabeled instances to be labeled. For pool-based active learning, several effective methods with theoretical guarantees have been developed through maximizing some utility function satisfying adaptive submodularity. In contrast, there have been few methods for stream-based active learning based on adaptive submodularity. In this paper, we propose a new class of utility functions, policy-adaptive submodular functions, and prove this class includes many existing adaptive submodular functions appearing in real world problems. We provide a general framework based on policy-adaptive submodularity that makes it possible to convert existing pool-based methods to stream-based methods and give theoretical guarantees on their performance. In addition we empirically demonstrate their effectiveness comparing with existing heuristics on common benchmark datasets.
Numerical proportions of different cells in mouse epidermis during early methylcholanthrene carcinogenesis.

1. The purpose of this investigation was to study the numerical proportions of different cells in mouse epidermis during methylcholanthrene carcinogenesis, for the purpose of obtaining some information on structural alterations that may condition the reported chemical changes. 2. Groups of Swiss albino mice were shaved and painted with methylcholanthrene in benzene with suitable controls and sacrificed at intervals up to 60 days. Counts were made of the proportions of basal, spinous, granular, dividing, and degenerating cells in the epidermis. 3. Methylcholanthrene induced a high degree of hyperplasia, an increased mitotic rate, and distinct cytological alterations. Basal and spinous cells were transformed to an altered type of spinous cells; granular cells also underwent a change to an altered type.
Flowering as the Most Highly Sensitive Period of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv Mourvèdre) to the Botryosphaeria Dieback Agents Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia seriata Infection

Botryosphaeria dieback is a fungal grapevine trunk disease that currently represents a threat for viticulture worldwide because of the important economical losses due to reduced yield of affected plants and their premature death. Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia seriata are among the causal agents. Vine green stems were artificially infected with N. parvum or D. seriata at the onset of three different phenological stages (G stage (separated clusters), flowering and veraison). Highest mean lesion lengths were recorded at flowering. Major proteome changes associated to artificial infections during the three different phenological stages were also reported using two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D)-based analysis. Twenty (G stage), 15 (flowering) and 13 (veraison) differentially expressed protein spots were subjected to nanoLC-MS/MS and a total of 247, 54 and 25 proteins were respectively identified. At flowering, a weaker response to the infection was likely activated as compared to the other stages, and some defense-related proteins were even down regulated (e.g., superoxide dismutase, major latex-like protein, and pathogenesis related protein 10). Globally, the flowering period seemed to represent the period of highest sensitivity of grapevine to Botryosphaeria dieback agent infection, possibly being related to the high metabolic activity in the inflorescences.
Support Vector Machine Applied to Compress Medical Image

This article presents the constitution of compressed image after learning by support vector machines applied to medical images. Medical images are a valuable means of decision support. However, they provide a large number of images per examination. Compression is used to reduce the size of medical images for storage and transmission. This work uses Support Vector Machines for compression to reduce the pixels of microscopic images. The compression rates are satisfactory. However, we have a loss of visual information because the compressed image has only support vectors especially when using radial function.
MC1R Genotype and Plumage Colouration in the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata): Population Structure Generates Artefactual Associations

Polymorphisms at the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene have been linked to coloration in many vertebrate species. However, the potentially confounding influence of population structure has rarely been controlled for. We explored the role of the MC1R in a model avian system by sequencing the coding region in 162 zebra finches comprising 79 wild type and 83 white individuals from five stocks. Allelic counts differed significantly between the two plumage morphs at multiple segregating sites, but these were mostly synonymous. To provide a control, the birds were genotyped at eight microsatellites and subjected to Bayesian cluster analysis, revealing two distinct groups. We therefore crossed wild type with white individuals and backcrossed the F1s with white birds. No significant associations were detected in the resulting offspring, suggesting that our original findings were a byproduct of genome-wide divergence. Our results are consistent with a previous study that found no association between MC1R polymorphism and plumage coloration in leaf warblers. They also contribute towards a growing body of evidence suggesting that care should be taken to quantify, and where necessary control for, population structure in association studies.
Occupational Respiratory Cancer in Korea

Malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer are representative examples of occupational cancer. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, and the incidence of malignant mesothelioma is expected to increase sharply in the near future. Although information about lung carcinogen exposure is limited, it is estimated that the number of workers exposed to carcinogens has declined. The first official case of occupational cancer was malignant mesothelioma caused by asbestos exposure in the asbestos textile industry in 1992. Since then, compensation for occupational respiratory cancer has increased. The majority of compensated lung cancer was due to underlying pneumoconiosis. Other main causative agents of occupational lung cancer included asbestos, hexavalent chromium, and crystalline silica. Related jobs included welders, foundry workers, platers, plumbers, and vehicle maintenance workers. Compensated malignant mesotheliomas were associated with asbestos exposure. Epidemiologic studies conducted in Korea have indicated an elevated risk of lung cancer in pneumoconiosis patients, foundry workers, and asbestos textile workers. Occupational respiratory cancer has increased during the last 10 to 20 yr though carcinogen-exposed population has declined in the same period. More efforts to advance the systems for the investigation, prevention and management of occupational respiratory cancer are needed.
Mining Hyperclique Patterns with Confidence Pruning

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Trait Aggressiveness Modulates Neurophysiological Correlates of Laboratory-induced Reactive Aggression in Humans

Reactive aggression following provocation is a frequent form of human social behavior. The neural basis of reactive aggression, especially its control, remains poorly understood, however. We conducted an event-related potential (ERP) study using a competitive reaction time task that elicits aggression through provocation. Participants were selected from a larger sample because of extreme scores in trait aggressiveness, yielding high and low trait aggressive groups. As each trial in the task is separated into a decision phase, during which the punishment level for the opponent is set, and an outcome phase, during which the punishment is applied or received, we were able to disentangle provocation-related and evaluation-related modulations of the ERPs during the aggressive interaction. Specifically, we observed an enhanced frontal negativity during the decision phase under high provocation that was positively correlated with the participants' ability to refrain from retaliation. This held true for high trait aggressive participants only, pointing to a higher need for inhibitory and control processes in these people when provoked. During the outcome phase, we detected a mediofrontal negativity in loss compared to win trials, resembling previous ERP findings to negative feedback stimuli, which have been linked to the evaluation of an outcome's valence. This mediofrontal negativity was differentially pronounced in aggressive and nonaggressive participants: Nonaggressive participants showed only a slightly smaller mediofrontal negativity in win than in loss trials, suggesting that for them punishing the opponent had a similar negative valence as being punished.
Bidirectional regulation of synaptic plasticity in the basolateral amygdala induced by the D1‐like family of dopamine receptors and group II metabotropic glutamate receptors

Synaptic plasticity [long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression (LTD) /depotentiation] in principal neurons of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) may underlie the acquisition, consolidation and extinction of fear memories, respectively. Dopamine‐dependent LTP and group II metabotropic glutamate (mGluR2/3) receptor‐induced synaptic depotentiation in principal neurons of the BLA are thought to facilitate and attenuate fear memory formation, respectively. Here, we report that synaptic plasticity in BLA principal neurons is frequency‐dependent, with the transition from LTD to LTP occurring at stimulation frequencies at, or around, 10 Hz. Low frequency paired‐pulse stimulation (PP‐LFS) of afferents to the BLA elicits mGluR2/3 receptor‐dependent LTD, whereas high frequency stimulation elicits D1 receptor‐dependent LTP. At intermediate frequencies, synaptic strength is stable due to co‐activation of both mGluR2/3 and D1 signalling cascades. The temporal relationship of mGluR2/3 and D1 signalling is highly relevant for synaptic plasticity, with pre‐application of D1 agonists blocking mGluR2/3 receptor‐dependent synaptic depression and depotentiation. Characterization of the functional interactions between these two systems may not only provide important clues to link the hypothesized aberrant dopamine‐mediated molecular mechanisms and mGluR2‐related treatment to the pathophysiology of these psychiatric disorders, but also represent novel targets for anxiolytic pharmacotherapy in amygdala.
Design Optimization of a TIA for High Speed Data Applications using g m / I D Based Methodology

paper presents the design optimization of a low power, low noise, broadband transimpedance amplifier (TIA) that finds application as a front-end stage in a fiber optic data receiver. The TIA achieves a gain of 65.5 dBΩ, a bandwidth of 2.44 GHz and an input referred current noise of 11.91 pA/Hz 1/2. The design is implemented in a standard 0. 18µm digital CMOS process and dissipates 18.32mW from a 1.8V supply.
Mfn2 deficiency links age‐related sarcopenia and impaired autophagy to activation of an adaptive mitophagy pathway

Mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of damaged mitochondria are considered major contributors to aging. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these mitochondrial alterations remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) plays a key role in the control of muscle mitochondrial damage. We show that aging is characterized by a progressive reduction in Mfn2 in mouse skeletal muscle and that skeletal muscle Mfn2 ablation in mice generates a gene signature linked to aging. Furthermore, analysis of muscle Mfn2‐deficient mice revealed that aging‐induced Mfn2 decrease underlies the age‐related alterations in metabolic homeostasis and sarcopenia. Mfn2 deficiency reduced autophagy and impaired mitochondrial quality, which contributed to an exacerbated age‐related mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, aging‐induced Mfn2 deficiency triggers a ROS‐dependent adaptive signaling pathway through induction of HIF1α transcription factor and BNIP3. This pathway compensates for the loss of mitochondrial autophagy and minimizes mitochondrial damage. Our findings reveal that Mfn2 repression in muscle during aging is a determinant for the inhibition of mitophagy and accumulation of damaged mitochondria and triggers the induction of a mitochondrial quality control pathway.
The OpAL System at NTCIR 8 MOAT

present is marked by the availability of large volumes of heterogeneous data, whose management is extremely complex. While the treatment of factual data has been widely studied, the processing of subjective information still poses important challenges. This is especially true in tasks that combine Opinion Analysis with other challenges, such as the ones related to Question Answering. In this paper, we describe the different approaches we employed in the NTCIR 8 MOAT monolingual English (opinionatedness, relevance, answerness and polarity) and cross-lingual English-Chinese tasks, implemented in our OpAL system. The results obtained when using different settings of the system, as well as the error analysis performed after the competition, offered us some clear insights on the best combination of techniques, that balance between precision and recall. Contrary to our initial intuitions, we have also seen that the inclusion of specialized Natural Language Processing tools dealing with Temporality or Anaphora Resolution lowers the system performance, while the use of topic detection techniques using faceted search with Wikipedia and Latent Semantic Analysis leads to satisfactory system performance, both for the monolingual setting, as well as in a multilingual one.
Actions are louder than words in social media

We study the relationship between the level of chatter on a social medium (like TWitter) and the level of the observed actions related to the chatter. For example, in a disaster, how does relief-donation chatter on Twitter correlate with the dollar amount received? One hypothesis is that a fraction of those who act will also tweet about it, which implies linear scaling, action ∝ chatter. On the other hand, if there is a contagion effect (those who tweet about donation incite others to donate) and these incited donors tend to be "quiet" and not broadcast their actions, then we expect superlinear scaling action ∝ chatterγ where γ > 1. We show, using a simple model, that the degree sequence of the social media "follower" network plays a key role in determining the scaling exponent γ. For random graphs and power-law graphs, the scaling exponent is at or near 2 (quadratic amplification). We empirically validate the model's predictions using location-paired donation and social media data from U.S. states after Hurricane Sandy. Understanding the scaling behavior that relates social-media chatter to real physical actions is an important step for estimating the extent of a response and for determining social-media strategies to affect the response.
Assessment of Preprocessing on Classifiers Used in the P300 Speller Paradigm

Artifact removal is an essential part in electroencephalogram (EEG) recording and the raw EEG signals require preprocessing before feature extraction. In this work, we implemented three filtering methods and demonstrated their effects on the performance of different classifiers. Bandpass digital filtering, median filtering and facet method are three preprocessing approaches investigated in this paper. We used data set lib from the BCI competition 2003 for training and testing phase. Our accuracy varied between 80% and 96%. In our work, we demonstrated that the problems of choosing the classifier and preprocessing methods are not independent of each other. Two of our approaches could achieve the 96% accuracy i.e. 31 of 32 characters were predicted correctly. These two approaches have different classifier and different preprocessing method. It means that the performance of each classifier can be enhanced with a specific preprocessing method. In our approach, we used only three electrodes of 64 applied electrodes. Therefore it can noticeably reduce the time and cost of EEG measurement
The Relationship of Somatosensory Perception and Fine-Force Control in the Adult Human Orofacial System

OF DISSERTATION THE RELATIONSHIP OF SOMATOSENSORY PERCEPTION AND FINEFORCE CONTROL IN ADULT HUMAN OROFACIAL SYSTEM The orofacial area stands apart from other body systems in that it possesses a unique performance anatomy whereby oral musculature inserts directly into the underlying cutaneous skin, allowing for the generation of complex three-dimensional deformations of the orofacial system. This anatomical substrate provides for the tight temporal synchrony between self-generated cutaneous somatosensation and oromotor control during functional behaviors in this region and provides the necessary feedback needed to learn and maintain skilled orofacial behaviors. The Directions into Velocity of Articulators (DIVA) model highlights the importance of the bidirectional relationship between sensation and production in the orofacial region in children learning speech. This relationship has not been as well-established in the adult orofacial system. The purpose of this observational study was to begin assessing the perception-action relationship in healthy adults and to describe how this relationship may be altered as a function of healthy aging. This study was designed to determine the correspondence between orofacial cutaneous perception using vibrotactile detection thresholds (VDT) and low-level static and dynamic force control tasks in three representative age cohorts. Correlational relationships among measures of somatosensory capacity and low-level skilled orofacial force control were determined for 60 adults (19-84 years). Significant correlational relationships were identified using non-parametric Spearman’s correlations with an alpha at 0.1 between the 5 Hz test probe and several 0.5 N low-level force control assessments in the static and slow rampand-hold condition. These findings indicate that as vibrotactile detection thresholds increase (labial sensation decreases), ability to maintain a low-level force endpoint decreases. Group data was analyzed using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests and identified significant differences between the 5 Hz test frequency probe and various 0.5 N skilled force assessments for group variables
Comparison of stereo-optical and dual-band InSAR DEMs in Papua New Guinea

This paper describes comparison of digital elevation data derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and stereo optical imagery used to understand temporal changes of tropical forest and to estimate tree height in tropical regions. Tree height information is important for forest management and global carbon cycle studies. An intereferometric SAR (InSAR) potentially unhampered by tropical cloud cover. InSAR heights depend on the microwave frequency: low frequency P-band penetrates to the forest floor and ground-volume scattering yields a height close to terrain height, high frequency X-band displays only shallow canopy penetration, and may yield heights several metres below the canopy surface. The exact behaviours depend on the nature of both terrain and forest. A stereo-optical sensor may be used to derive digital elevation data using photogrammetry. Several recent satellite-based stereo-optical instruments operate with fine spatial resolution however optical imagery is affected by clouds. The forest height derived from optical images is essentially the top of the canopy. This research investigates whether it is possible to understand forest changes in tropical regions by comparing digital elevations from dual-frequency, single-pass airborne InSAR with satellite-based stereo-optical data in Papua New Guinea. The results indicate the possibility of forest change and tree height estimation using this combination of data.