Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of 1970-1995 Trends in Tropospheric Ozone at Northern Hemisphere Midlatitudes with the GEOS-CHEM Model

[1] The causes of trends in tropospheric ozone at Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes from 1970 to 1995 are investigated with the GEOS-CHEM model, a global three-dimensional model of the troposphere driven by assimilated meteorological observations from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS). This model is used to investigate the sensitivity of tropospheric ozone with respect to (1) changes in the anthropogenic emission of nitrogen oxides and nonmethane hydrocarbons, (2) increases in methane concentrations, (3) variations in the stratospheric source of ozone, (4) changes in solar radiation resulting from stratospheric ozone depletion, and (5) increases in tropospheric temperatures. Model results indicate that local increases in NOx emissions have caused most of the increases seen in lower tropospheric ozone over Europe and Japan. Increases in methane are responsible for roughly one fifth of the anthropogenically induced increase in tropospheric ozone at northern midlatitudes. However, changes in ozone precursors do not adequately explain either the spatial differences in observed ozone trends across midlatitudes or the observed decreases in ozone over Canada throughout the troposphere. We argue that ozone depletion in the lowermost stratosphere is likely to have reduced the stratospheric source by as much as 30% from the early 1970s to the mid 1990s. Model simulations that account for such a reduction along with reported changes in anthropogenic emissions show steep declines of ozone in the upper troposphere and variable increases in the lower troposphere that are more consistent with observations. Differential temperature trends in summer between North America and Europe may account for at least some of the remaining spatial variation in tropospheric ozone trends. Increases in ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to stratospheric ozone depletion do not appear to significantly reduce tropospheric ozone, except at midlatitudes in the Southern Hemisphere following the breakup of the ozone hole.
Gas in simulations of high-redshift galaxies and minihaloes

We study the gas content of haloes in the early universe using high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations. We extract from the simulations and also predict, based on linear theory, the halo mass for which the enclosed baryon fraction equals half of the mean cosmic fraction. We find a rough agreement between the simulations and the predictions, which suggests that during the high-redshift era before stellar heating, the minimum mass needed for a minihalo to keep most of its baryons throughout its formation was ∼3 × 10^4 M_⊙ . We also carry out a detailed resolution analysis and show that in order to determine a halo's gas fraction even to 20 per cent accuracy, the halo must be resolved into at least 500 dark matter particles.
Applying a Participatory Design Approach to Define Objectives and Properties of a “Data Profiling” Tool for Electronic Health Data

We applied a participatory design approach to define the objectives, characteristics, and features of a “data profiling” tool for primary care Electronic Health Data (EHD). Through three participatory design workshops, we collected input from potential tool users who had experience working with EHD. We present 15 recommended features and characteristics for the data profiling tool. From these recommendations we derived three overarching objectives and five properties for the tool. A data profiling tool, in Biomedical Informatics, is a visual, clear, usable, interactive, and smart tool that is designed to inform clinical and biomedical researchers of data utility and let them explore the data, while conveniently orienting the users to the tool’s functionalities. We suggest that developing scalable data profiling tools will provide new capacities to disseminate knowledge about clinical data that will foster translational research and accelerate new discoveries.
Identification of a Specific Vimentin Isoform That Induces an Antibody Response in Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis, in part due to lack of early detection. The identification of circulating tumor antigens or their related autoantibodies provides a means for early cancer diagnosis. We have used a proteomic approach to identify proteins that commonly induce a humoral response in pancreatic cancer. Proteins from a pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line (Panc-1) were subjected to two-dimensional PAGE, followed by Western blot analysis in which individual sera were tested for autoantibodies. Sera from 36 newly diagnosed patients with pancreatic cancer, 18 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 15 healthy subjects were analyzed. Autoantibodies were detected against a protein identified by mass spectrometry as vimentin, in sera from 16/36 patients with pancreatic cancer (44.4%). Only one of 18 chronic pancreatitis patients and none of the healthy controls exhibited reactivity against this vimentin isoform. Interestingly, none of several other isoforms of vimentin detectable in 2-D gels exhibited reactivity with patient sera. Vimentin protein expression levels were investigated by comparing the integrated intensity of spots visualized in 2-D PAGE gels of various cancers. Pancreatic tumor tissues showed greater than a 3-fold higher expression of total vimentin protein than did the lung, colon, and ovarian tumors that were analyzed. The specific antigenic isoform was found at 5–10 fold higher levels. The detection of autoantibodies to this specific isoform of vimentin may have utility for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
The Genome of the Self-Fertilizing Mangrove Rivulus Fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus: A Model for Studying Phenotypic Plasticity and Adaptations to Extreme Environments

The mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus) is one of two preferentially self-fertilizing hermaphroditic vertebrates. This mode of reproduction makes mangrove rivulus an important model for evolutionary and biomedical studies because long periods of self-fertilization result in naturally homozygous genotypes that can produce isogenic lineages without significant limitations associated with inbreeding depression. Over 400 isogenic lineages currently held in laboratories across the globe show considerable among-lineage variation in physiology, behavior, and life history traits that is maintained under common garden conditions. Temperature mediates the development of primary males and also sex change between hermaphrodites and secondary males, which makes the system ideal for the study of sex determination and sexual plasticity. Mangrove rivulus also exhibit remarkable adaptations to living in extreme environments, and the system has great promise to shed light on the evolution of terrestrial locomotion, aerial respiration, and broad tolerances to hypoxia, salinity, temperature, and environmental pollutants. Genome assembly of the mangrove rivulus allows the study of genes and gene families associated with the traits described above. Here we present a de novo assembled reference genome for the mangrove rivulus, with an approximately 900 Mb genome, including 27,328 annotated, predicted, protein-coding genes. Moreover, we are able to place more than 50% of the assembled genome onto a recently published linkage map. The genome provides an important addition to the linkage map and transcriptomic tools recently developed for this species that together provide critical resources for epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses. Moreover, the genome will serve as the foundation for addressing key questions in behavior, physiology, toxicology, and evolutionary biology.
Experimental Estimates of Low-Cost Bus Tracking System Using Area-Trace Algorithm

This paper proposes a conceptual framework and experimental analysis of low-cost bus tracking system. This system eases every user with a simple basic functionality mobile phone to get the information of the bus. The main advantage of the system is that it neither requires a GPS nor an internet connection. The user has to simply send a sms from his mobile phone in a specified format to a standard toll-free number and the system would be in return sending the user with current location of the bus, vacant seats in the bus, its expected arrival time , etc This paper is an extended work of my previous work "Low-Cost Bus Tracking System Using Area-Trace Algorithm" [1]. This paper shows the experimental results of the previous work and thus confirms onto the low-cost solution proposed.
A Time-Triggered Ethernet (TTE) Switch

This paper presents the design of a time-triggered Ethernet (TTE) switch, which is one of the core units of the time-triggered Ethernet system. Time-triggered Ethernet is a communication architecture intended to support event-triggered and time-triggered traffic in a single communication system. The TTE switch distinguishes between two classes of traffic. The event-triggered (ET) traffic is handled in conformance with the existing Ethernet standard, while the time-triggered (TT) traffic is transmitted with temporal guarantees. A TTE switch is used in the time-triggered Ethernet system for exchanging time-triggered messages in a time-predictable way while continuing the support of standard Ethernet traffic in order to use existing networking protocols such as IP, UDP or IPX without any modifications. In this paper we present the mechanisms the TTE switch uses to guarantee a constant transmission delay for time-triggered traffic. Also an experimental validation of these mechanisms is given
WIKIPEDIA’S INEQUALITIES

We hypothesize that articles on Wikipedia have “parents” who contribute a significant portion of their edits. We establish a notion of inequality based on the Gini Co -efficient for articles on Wikipedia and find support for the existence of this phenomenon of parenting. We base our study on data collected from the Tagalog and Croatian Wikipedias. Ultimately we claim that our research has significant implications for policy for both Corporate Wikis as also for Wikipedia. We state these implications and also suggest directions for future research.
Partisipasi Stakeholder Eksternal dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan di Sekolah Dasar

Elementary schools are designed to provide students with foundations of intelligence, knowledge, personality, and life skills as well as to prepare them to pursue higher education. The involvement of society in school development in important since education is an inseparable part of the society . The articals in order to be self-supporting andcontinue to the next level of education. Social involvement indeveloping schools is a proper thing due to education is a part of the social life essence. The society is not only concerned in education, but also tried to improve quality in order to create social roles through participations in educationa inschool developmentl institution. This research used qualitative approach and to collect the data used deep interview, partisipant observation and documentation. The present research was conductedto investigate the role of the society in two islamic primary schools and islamic elementary school in Blitar Regency, each of which had different characteristics. The research focused on investigating (a) the role of external stakeholder in developing education, school committee, class associations,busness world and industry, ex study and other agency (b) the role of external stakeholder in developing school equipment, help power, thought and ingredients. (c) the role of the stakeholder eksternal in improving the quality of education, non academic through supervisor and evaluation.
Main-path analysis and path-dependent transitions in HistCiteTM-based historiograms

With the program HistCite(TM) it is possible to generate and visualize the most relevant papers in a set of documents retrieved from the Science Citation Index. Historical reconstructions of scientific developments can be represented chronologically as developments in networks of citation relations extracted from scientific literature. This study aims to go beyond the historical reconstruction of scientific knowledge, enriching the output of HistCite(TM) with algorithms from social network analysis and information theory.
Usc Fbe Macroeconomics and International Finance Workshop Presented

In the period 1974-1990 Argentina’s income per capita fell by 25%. A Solow growth decomposition shows that at most one quarter of this fall can be explained by a reduction in the capital/labor ratio. A study of labor reallocation shows that between 1973 and 1993 employment expanded the most in sectors with a declining output per worker and this reallocation of labor explains 44% of the fall in output per worker. We argue that policies that increase the cost of capital may explain these observations. Consider a two sector model where capital/labor substitution is low in the tradable goods sector and high in the non-traded goods one. If the steady state capital stocks falls, labor flows from the tradable goods sector to the non-traded goods one, leading to a reduction in income per capita, productivity and wages. Thus, policies that increase the cost of capital have a direct effect on output through the fall in the capital stock and an indirect effect that operates through a reallocation of labor induced by the fall in investment. : Argentina, Growth Great Depressions, Irreversible Investment : E32, F43, N16, O4, O54
Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 Gene Expression in Neurons Contributes to Ischemic Brain Damage

Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme for prostanoid synthesis, is induced during inflammation and participates in inflammation-mediated cytotoxicity. Cerebral ischemia is followed by an inflammatory reaction that plays a role in the evolution of the tissue damage. We studied whether COX-2 is induced after cerebral ischemia and if so, whether such expression contributes to ischemic brain damage. The middle cerebral artery was occluded in rats, and the ischemic area was sampled for analysis 3–96 hr later. COX-2 mRNA was determined by the competitive reverse-transcription PCR. COX-2 mRNA was upregulated in the ischemic hemisphere, but not contralaterally, beginning 6 hr after ischemia. The upregulation reached a maximum at 12 hr, at which time a fivefold induction of the message occurred. Twenty-four hours after ischemia, the concentration of prostaglandin E2 was elevated in the injured brain by 292 ± 57% (n = 6). COX-2 immunoreactivity was observed in neurons at the medial edge of the ischemic area. Administration of the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 attenuated the elevation in prostaglandin E2 in the postischemic brain and reduced the volume of the infarct by 29 ± 6% (p < 0.05). Thus, cerebral ischemia leads to upregulation of COX-2 message, protein, and reaction products in the injured hemisphere. The data implicate COX-2 in the mechanisms of delayed neuronal death at the infarct border and provide the rationale for neuroprotective strategies employing COX-2 inhibitors.
The Comparison of RBS and TDP for the Sensor Networks Synchronization

Sensor networks have emerged as an interesting and important research area in the last few years. These networks require that time be synchronized more precisely than in traditional Internet applications. In this paper, we compared and analyzed the performance of the RBS and TDP mechanisms in the view of the number of generated messages and the synchronization accuracy. The reason that we chose be RBS ad the TDP mechanism to be compared is because the RES is an innovative method to achieve the high accurate synchronization. And TDP is a new method taking over the NTP method which has been used widely in the Internet. We simulated the performance of two methods assuming the IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA MAC. As for the number of nodes in the sensor networks, two situations of 25 (for the small size network) and 100 (for the large size network) nodes are used. In the aspect of the number of messages generated for the synchronization, TDP is far better than RBS. But, the synchronization accuracy of RBS is far higher than that of TDP. We cm conclude that in a small size sensor networks requiring very high accuracy, such as an application of very high speed objects tracking in a confined space, the RBS is more proper than TDP even though the RBS may generate more traffic than TDP. But, in a wide range sensor networks with a large number of nodes, TDP is more realistic though the accuracy is somewhat worse than RBS because RBS may make so many synchronization messages, and then consume more energies at each node. So, two mechanisms may be used selectively according to the required environments, without saying that the one method is always better than the other.
Unsupervised Segmentation of Bilingual Text

This paper presents a system for segmenting bilingual text. A Naive Bayes classifier using n-gram counts is trained on an unlabeled corpus using the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. We show that the performance can be improved when a small set of labeled documents is available: the classifier is first trained using the available labeled do cuments and then the EM technique of iterating (until convergence) between probabilistically labeling the unlabel ed documents and re-estimating the model’s parameters is applied. While the accuracy of this semi-supervised classifie r is higher than the one of the unsupervised classifier, the accuracy degrades with each iteration of EM. In the second part Deterministic Annealing (DA) is applied instead of EM and is shown to converge to a better local maximum, thus achieving better segmentation results. But again the use of unlabeled data only decreases the quality of the classifier.
Achievement goal orientations profile in people with physical disability

Introduction: Achievement goals assumes that govern achievement beliefs guide subsequent decision making and behavior in achievement contexts. The purpose of the study was to analyze the goal perspectives (task and ego orientation) based on personal and disability-related characteristics. Material and methods: The participants in this study were 140 people with physical disabilities (n=107 men, and n=33 women. Their age ranged from 14 to 67 years (M=35.31, SD=10.67). The participants filled the Task and Ego Orientation in Sports Questionnaire (TEOSQ). In addition following factors were put into analysis: gender, age, family status, education, occupational status, disability [congenital versus acquired], type of disability [spinal cord injury, brain palsy, amputation, poliomyelitis, muscular dystrophy and other type], type of activity [sport activities – competitive versus recreational – and any activity], type of sport [team versus individual sports], type of experience [resistance, strength and skills], and type of games [Paralympic, European, National and Sectional]). Results: Results showed that people with physical disabilities who mainly take part in physical activities manifest a high disposition of task orientation (M=3.96, SD=0.67) and moderate ego orientation (M=2.61, SD=0.82) in physical activities settings. In addition, the results revealed that personal characteristics, type of activity, and athletic experience play a small role in the existence of individual differences in goal perspectives. Conclusions: The people with physical disabilities, mainly athletes, show a predisposition towards task orientation on achievement settings in physical activities, and the personal characteristics as exercise form (competitive, recreation, no exercise), and athletic experiences effect in the existence of individual differences in goal perspectives.
The Forensics Edge Management System: A Concept and Design

This paper describes the design of the Forensics Edge Management System (FEMS), a system that autonomously provides security and forensic services within the home Internet of Things (IoT) or smart home context. Within smart homes, users are increasingly being allowed the flexibility to manage and maintain all the solutions that entail. This is evident from the growing number of commercial smart home IoT solutions which are being designed to be manageable by end users. This IoT requirement for user-manageable solutions (without direct or indirect input from vendors beyond the provision of robust systems and solutions) presents a challenge to the traditional concept of Digital Forensics (DF) which is currently an expert-led domain. The FEMS design aims to meet these requirements for autonomy and independence, it is a system that can be integrated into a home-IoT network to conduct preliminary forensic investigations and to provide basic security services.
Computer Vision Methods for Improved Mobile Robot State Estimation in Challenging Terrains

External perception based on vision plays a critical role in developing improved and robust localization algorithms, as well as gaining important information about the vehicle and the terrain it is traversing. This paper presents two novel methods for rough terrain-mobile robots, using visual input. The first method consists of a stereovision algorithm for real-time 6DoF ego-motion estimation. It integrates image intensity information and 3D stereo data in the well-known Iterative Closest Point (ICP) scheme. Neither a-priori knowledge of the motion nor inputs from other sensors are required, while the only assumption is that the scene always contains visually distinctive features which can be tracked over subsequent stereo pairs. This generates what is usually referred to as visual odometry. The second method aims at estimating the wheel sinkage of a mobile robot on sandy soil, based on edge detection strategy. A semi-empirical model of wheel sinkage is also presented referring to the classical terramechanics theory. Experimental results obtained with an all-terrain mobile robot and with a wheel sinkage test bed are presented to validate our approach. It is shown that the proposed techniques can be integrated in control and planning algorithms to improve the performance of ground vehicles operating in uncharted environments.
Weakly Submodular Functions

Submodular functions are well-studied in combinatorial optimization, game theory and economics. The natural diminishing returns property makes them suitable for many applications. We study an extension of monotone submodular functions, which we call {\em weakly submodular functions}. Our extension includes some (mildly) supermodular functions. We show that several natural functions belong to this class and relate our class to some other recent submodular function extensions. We consider the optimization problem of maximizing a weakly submodular function subject to uniform and general matroid constraints. For a uniform matroid constraint, the "standard greedy algorithm" achieves a constant approximation ratio where the constant (experimentally) converges to 5.95 as the cardinality constraint increases. For a general matroid constraint, a simple local search algorithm achieves a constant approximation ratio where the constant (analytically) converges to 10.22 as the rank of the matroid increases.