Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A practical perspective on reducing ASIC NTFs

As chip, board and system technologies scale towards higher speeds and greater logic density, the effect of defects becomes more subtle, but more pervasive. As hardware designers push technologies to the limit, system DPM rates continue to increase, yet it becomes increasingly difficult to determine the nature of the failures. More and more often, components/ASICs which fail at board and system test are sent to suppliers, only to have them returned "NTF" (no trouble found). This paper presents some of the issues that Cisco Systems has experienced with respect to NTFs, and how some of those issues were resolved. These issues span from chip to system and from process to test to debug. The paper discusses the importance of a process to deal with NTFs and the importance of accurate data to determine and fix unwanted trends. Ultimately, most problems were resolved once the trend data and the offending logic were completely understood. Not all NTFs resulted from test escapes. It was clear, however, that some sort of "correlation" between the ASIC test and the system test needed to be in place to resolve/prevent NTF issues. In its conclusion, this paper advocates for much better correlation between the ASIC test on the component tester and the functional test in the system chassis
The SBASE protein domain library, release 7.0: a collection of annotated protein sequence segments

SBASE 7.0 is the seventh release of the SBASE protein domain library sequences that contains 237 937 annotated structural, functional, ligand-binding and topogenic segments of proteins, cross-referenced to all major sequence databases and sequence pattern collections. The entries are clustered into over 1811 groups and are provided with two WWW-based search facilities for on-line use. SBASE 7.0 is freely available by anonymous 'ftp' file transfer from ftp.icgeb. trieste.it. Automated searching of SBASE with BLAST can be carried out with the WWW servers http://www.icgeb. trieste.it/sbase/and http://sbase.abc. hu/sbase/
Thickening of the carotid wall. A marker for atherosclerosis in the elderly? Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated the relationships between prevalent coronary heart disease (CHD), clinically manifest atherosclerotic disease (ASD), and major established risk factors for atherosclerosis and intima-media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid arteries (CCA) and internal carotid arteries (ICA) separately and in combination in older adults. We wished to determine whether a noninvasive measurement can serve as an indicator of clinically manifest atherosclerotic disease and to determine which of the two variables, CCA IMT or ICA IMT, is a better correlate. METHODS IMT of the CCA and ICA was measured with duplex ultrasound in 5117 of 5201 individuals enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a study of the risk factors and the natural history of cardiovascular disease in adults aged 65 years or more. Histories of CHD, peripheral arterial disease, and cerebrovascular disease were obtained during baseline examination. Risk factors included cholesterol levels, cigarette smoking, elevated blood pressure, diabetes, age, and sex. Relationships between risk factors and IMT were studied by multiple regression analysis and canonical variate analysis. Prediction of prevalent CHD and ASD by IMT measurements in CCAs and ICAs were made by logistic regression, adjusting for age and sex. RESULTS IMT measurements of the CCAs and ICAs were greater in persons with CHD and ASD than those without, even after controlling for sex (P < .001). IMT measurements in the ICA were greater than those in the CCA. Risk factors for ASD accounted for 17% and 18% of the variability in IMT in the CCA and ICA, respectively. These same risk factors accounted for 25% of the variability of a composite measurement consisting of the sum of the ICA IMT and CCA IMT. The ability to predict CHD and ASD was greater for ICA IMT (odds ratio [confidence interval]: 1.36 [1.31 to 1.41] and 1.35 [1.25 to 1.44], respectively) than for CCA IMT (1.09 [1.05 to 1.13] and 1.17 [1.09 to 1.25]). CONCLUSIONS Whereas CCA IMT is associated with major risk factors for atherosclerosis and existing CHD and ASD in older adults, this association is not as strong as that for ICA IMT. The combination of these measures relates more strongly to existing CHD and ASD and cerebrovascular disease risk factors than either taken alone.
earts and minds : Coordination of neurocognitive and cardiovascular regulation n children and adolescents

Emotional reactions involve changes in both cognitive and bodily processes. Therefore, effective emotion regulation may also involve modulation of responses in both of these systems. The present study investigated the relationship between regulation of cognition and regulation of the heart in children and adolescents, using a go/nogo task in combination with the induction of negative emotions. Behavioral, temperamental and event-related brain potential (ERP) indicators of inhibitory cognitive control were espiratory sinus arrhythmia ardiac vagal control motion motion regulation evelopmental psychology collected, as was a measure of parasympathetic control of the heart (respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA). Independently of age, RSA was correlated with nogo N2 magnitudes during the emotion-induction procedure. RSA during the task was also correlated with N2 latencies and with behavioral accuracy before, during and after the emotion induction. Resting RSA was correlated with individual differences in the capacity for effortful cognitive control, as measured by questionnaire. These results suggest that emoingly evelo vent-related brain potential tional responses in seem fashion throughout the d
Methyl 5-iodo-2-methoxybenzoate

In the title compound, C9H9IO3, the molecules are close to planar [maximum deviation from benzene ring plane = 0.229 (5) Å for the methyl carboxylate C atom] with the methyl groups oriented away from each other. In the crystal, molecules form stacked layers parallel to the ab plane, where every layer has either the iodine or methoxy/methyl carboxylate substituents pointing towards each other in an alternating fashion.
Hepatic recruitment of the inflammatory Gr1+ monocyte subset upon liver injury promotes hepatic fibrosis

In addition to liver‐resident Kupffer cells, infiltrating immune cells have recently been linked to the development of liver fibrosis. Blood monocytes are circulating precursors of tissue macrophages and can be divided into two functionally distinct subpopulations in mice: Gr1hi (Ly6Chi) and Gr1lo (Ly6Clo) monocytes. The role of these monocyte subsets in hepatic fibrosis and the mechanisms of their differential recruitment into the injured liver are unknown. We therefore characterized subpopulations of infiltrating monocytes in acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver injury in mice using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Inflammatory Gr1hi but not Gr1lo monocytes are massively recruited into the liver upon toxic injury constituting an up to 10‐fold increase in CD11b+F4/80+ intrahepatic macrophages. Comparing wild‐type with C‐C chemokine receptor (CCR2)‐deficient and CCR2/CCR6–deficient mice revealed that CCR2 critically controls intrahepatic Gr1hi monocyte accumulation by mediating their egress from bone marrow. During chronic liver damage, intrahepatic CD11b+F4/80+Gr1+ monocyte‐derived cells differentiate preferentially into inducible nitric oxide synthase–producing macrophages exerting proinflammatory and profibrogenic actions, such as promoting hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, T helper 1–T cell differentiation and transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) release. Impaired monocyte subset recruitment in Ccr2−/− and Ccr2−/−Ccr6−/− mice results in reduced HSC activation and diminished liver fibrosis. Moreover, adoptively transferred Gr1hi monocytes traffic into the injured liver and promote fibrosis progression in wild‐type and Ccr2−/−Ccr6−/− mice, which are otherwise protected from hepatic fibrosis. Intrahepatic CD11b+F4/80+Gr1+ monocyte‐derived macrophages purified from CCl4‐treated animals, but not naïve bone marrow monocytes or control lymphocytes, directly activate HSCs in a TGF‐β–dependent manner in vitro. Conclusion: Inflammatory Gr1+ monocytes, recruited into the injured liver via CCR2‐dependent bone marrow egress, promote the progression of liver fibrosis. Thus, they may represent an interesting novel target for antifibrotic strategies. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;50:261–274.)
Far‐red light promotes biofilm formation in the cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina

Light quantity and quality promotes ecological-niche differentiation of photosynthetic organisms. The existence of cyanobacteria capable of performing photosynthesis using red-shifted chlorophylls, chlorophyll d and f, reduces competition between species in light-limiting environments, and permits them to thrive in niches enriched in far-red light. We examined global transcriptome changes due to changing the culture light conditions in Acaryochloris marina, a chlorophyll d-containing cyanobacterium. We identified the functional category of 'photosynthesis' as the most down-regulated and the category of 'cell wall/membrane biogenesis' as the most up-regulated through a functional enrichment analysis of genes differentially expressed. Within the category of 'cell wall/membrane biogenesis', genes encoding glycosysltransferases accumulated the most in response to far-red light. Further experimental results confirmed that cells grown under far-red light form biofilms with a significantly increased adherence compared to cells grown under white light. Taken together, these results indicate that Acaryochloris marina shifts its lifestyle from a planktonic state under white light to an immobilized state under far-red light.
SH3 Domain–Based Phototrapping in Living Cells Reveals Rho Family GAP Signaling Complexes

Domain-based proteomics analysis identifies binding partners and potential functions for a family of GTPase-activating proteins that regulate the cytoskeleton. A GAP in the Network The activity of Rho family small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), which play prominent roles in regulating such processes as cytoskeletal organization, is regulated by their associated GAPs (GTPase activating proteins) and GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors). Many Rho GAPs contain SH3 domains, enabling them to undergo transient interactions with various binding partners, which in turn can influence their subcellular location and the specific signaling pathways with which they interact. Okada et al. used a domain-based proteomics approach to identify possible binding partners for nine Rho GAPs and combined their data with information culled from the literature to construct networks of associated proteins, providing insight into potential functions of the different GAPs. Further characterization of the predicted function of one GAP, WRP, enabled the authors to identify a role for this GAP in determining the structure of inhibitory GABAergic synapses. Rho family GAPs [guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activating proteins] negatively regulate Rho family GTPase activity and therefore modulate signaling events that control cytoskeletal dynamics. The spatial distribution of these GAPs and their specificity toward individual GTPases are controlled by their interactions with various proteins within signaling complexes. These interactions are likely mediated through the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain, which is abundant in the Rho family GAP proteome and exhibits a micromolar binding affinity, enabling the Rho family GAPs to participate in transient interactions with multiple binding partners. To capture these elusive GAP signaling complexes in situ, we developed a domain-based proteomics approach, starting with in vivo phototrapping of SH3 domain–binding proteins and the mass spectrometry identification of associated proteins for nine representative Rho family GAPs. After the selection of candidate binding proteins by cluster analysis, we performed peptide array–based high-throughput in vitro binding assays to confirm the direct interactions and map the SH3 domain–binding sequences. We thereby identified 54 SH3-mediated binding interactions (including 51 previously unidentified ones) for nine Rho family GAPs. We constructed Rho family GAP interactomes that provided insight into the functions of these GAPs. We further characterized one of the predicted functions for the Rac-specific GAP WRP and identified a role for WRP in mediating clustering of the postsynaptic scaffolding protein gephyrin and the GABAA (γ-aminobutyric acid type A) receptor at inhibitory synapses.
Effect of the MTP –493 G/T polymorphism on the lipid profiles of the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations

There are 56 nationalities in China. Han is the largest and Zhuang the second largest. Geographically and linguistically, Zhuang can be classified into 43 ethnic subgroups, in which Hei Yi (meaning black-worship and black-dressing) Zhuang is proved to be the most conservative group according to its unique culture and custom. Information on the genetic influence on the lipid profile is limited in this population. To obtain some of this information, a cross-sectional survey of hyperlipidemia was carried out in 500 people of Hei Yi Zhuang and 500 people of Han in the same area. The genotypes and alleles of the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein (MTP –493 G/T) were also determined, by polymerase chain reaction combined with an allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization method, and then confirmed by direct sequencing. The frequencies of the G and T alleles were 0.74 and 0.26, respectively, in Hei Yi Zhuang, and 0.73 and 0.27 (p >0.05) in Han. The frequencies of the GG, GT and TT genotypes were 0.58, 0.33 and 0.09, respectively, in Hei Yi Zhuang, and 0.56, 0.34 and 0.09 (p >0.05) in Han. In the combined population of both Hei Yi Zhuang and Han, the levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B in the TT genotype were significantly higher than those in the GT (p 0.05). The levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 were not significantly different among the three genotypes (p >0.05).
Design of the Control System of TRISTAN

We summarize here the outline of our system. (1) Distributed computer control scheme is adopted. (2) Twenty-five 16-bit mini-computers are connected by 10 Mbps optical fiber cables to form an N-to-N ring network. (3) NODAL interpreter and compiler are used throughout the program development of the system. (4) CAMAC serial highways are used as the means of communication between the mini-computers and the devices. (5) TRISTAN system is controlled from a single control center.
Modelling enteric methane emissions from milking dairy cows with Bayesian networks

As one of the potent greenhouse gases, methane emission from ruminants has been intensively studied over the past decades. Various regression-based models have been applied to examine factors affecting enteric methane emission. Based on Bayesian networks, this paper proposes an alternative network-based approach to model the relationship among factors affecting enteric methane emissions from milking cows. It was evaluated on the dataset consisting of 934 milking dairy cows collected at Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Northern Ireland. The preliminary results demonstrated that the proposed model has a great potential to capture the complex relationship among factors and establish causal influence among predictors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use Bayesian networks to model causal influence among factors associated with enteric methane emission from milking cows.
What Do We Know about Test-Driven Development?

What if someone argued that one of your basic conceptions about how to develop software was misguided? What would it take to change your mind? That's essentially the dilemma faced by advocates of test-driven development (TDD). The TDD paradigm argues that the basic cycle of developing code and then testing it to make sure it does what it's supposed to do-something drilled into most of us from the time we began learning software development- isn't the most effective approach. TDD replaces the traditional "code then test" cycle. First, you develop test cases for a small increment of functionality; then you write code that makes those tests run correctly. After each increment, you refactor the code to maintain code quality.
Statistical prediction of NBTI-induced circuit aging

Accurate prediction of circuit aging and its variability is essential to reliable design and analysis. Such a capability further helps reduce the load in statistical reliability test. Based on the physical understanding of circuit aging effects, we develop a predictive short term and long term model to characterize NBTI-induced threshold voltage degradation (¿Vth) at transistor level. Due to process variations, we further develop analytical solutions that efficiently predict the statistics of circuit timing under temporal stress and process variations. These solutions prove that circuit aging and its variance can be fully predicted from the characteristics of transistor degradation and circuit performance sensitivity to aged parameters, independent on the type and the amount of process variations. The results are systematically validated by simulation and measurement data from an industrial 65 nm technology, enhancing the predictability and efficiency of statistical reliability analysis.
MDCT assessment of right ventricular systolic function.

OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to validate using MDCT for the assessment of right ventricular (RV) function. MDCT with retrospective ECG gating was performed in 15 patients being evaluated for suspected cardiovascular disease. Echocardiography was performed for comparison. The MDCT images were reconstructed at 20 phase points over the cardiac cycle. The end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes of both ventricles were measured. Stroke volumes and ejection fractions were calculated from these data. CONCLUSION RV volumes can be accurately assessed using MDCT.
Intraspecific mitochondrial variations between Rhinogobio typus from the Yellow River and Yangtze River

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of the first individual Rhinogobio typus collected from the Yellow River were sequenced and compared with the previously reported complete mitochondrial sequence of Rhinogobio typus from the Yangtze River. The length of their circular mitochondrial genome was determined to be 16 599 and 16 608 bp respectively. The comparison of two mitochondrial genomes revealed 237 base pair substitutions and 17 insertions or deletions (indels), including 182 base pair substitutions and 2 indels in protein-coding region. Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on complete mitogenomes of the two populations and closely related 13 teleost species to assess their phylogenic relationship and evolution.
Meaningful Method Names

We build computer programs by creating named abstractions, aggregations of behaviour that can be invoked by referring to the name alone. Abstractions can be nested, meaning we can construct new, more powerful abstractions that use more primitive abstractions. Thus we can start from tiny blocks of behaviour and build arbitrarily complex systems. For this to work, however, the abstractions must be sound — in other words, the names must suit the behaviour they represent. Otherwise our tower of abstractions will collapse. Hence we see the crucial importance of naming in programming. Despite this importance, programmers almost completely lack tools to assist them. The computer treats names as arbitrary, allowing for sloppy and inconsistent naming. Tool support for good naming would be beneficial for many reasons. Most obviously, it would help create programs that are easier to understand, and hence easier to maintain. A secondary, but equally important, effect is that good naming and good design go together. In other words, good naming strengthens the tower of abstractions. In this thesis, we show that the method names used in Java programs are far from arbitrary. They are meaningful in a sense that relates to the behaviour they represent. By analysing the implementation of methods in real-world Java programs, we can approximate the meaning of names and gain a deeper understanding of key aspects of naming in Java. For instance, we show that it is feasible to create a tool to discover naming bugs in Java programs — methods that have been improperly named. Our analyses are completely mechanical, meaning that they require no human supervision.
Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression as a sensor for fusion activity.

Membrane fusion is an indispensable biological process that still needs additional study at the molecular level. Fusogenic viral envelope proteins that mediate viral entry into host cells are a useful tool to study the molecular biology of this process, and precise quantification of fusion events is needed for this purpose. A classical method, with limited precision, however, is to monitor formation of polycaryons as a result of cell-cell fusion by light microscopy (11). More sensitive are gene activation assays, and several modifications of this approach have been developed, most of them using β-galactosidase as a reporter (1,2,7,9). As an alternative approach, we describe here a new simplified assay using induction of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (CAT) as a sensitive indicator of cellular fusion events. In this system, two stably transfected human astrocytoma cell lines are used; both cell lines were derived from U373 MG (ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA). One cell line encodes a chimeric protein of the GAL4 DNA binding and herpes simplex virus (HSV) VP16 activation domains (including a GAL4 nuclear localization sequence) under the control of the simian virus 40 (SV40) early promotor. The other encodes five consensus GAL4 binding sites and the adenoviral E1b promotor upstream of the CAT gene. Fusion between these cell lines leads to transactivation of the reporter gene and is quantified by determination of CAT activity. Cell lines were established following liposome-mediated co-transfection (Life Technologies, Karlsruhe, Germany) of subconfluent U373 MG cells 24 h after seeding (9 cm petri dishes), using 10 μg of constructs pM3-VP16 or pG5CAT (both from CLONTECH Laboratories, Heidelberg, Germany) and 2 μg of pIG-1 (8), a plasmid coding for neomycin resistance. Two days after transfection, selection was initiated with geneticin (G418) at 800 μg/mL. Resistant clones emerging after 2–3 weeks were isolated and, in the case of U373 MG, transfected with the GAL4/ VP16 gene (U373-VP16). Expression was tested by western blotting with specific Polyclonal Antibody (CLONTECH Laboratories). Clones stably transfected with the CAT gene (U373CAT) were identified by cocultivation with U373-VP16 cells followed by polyethylene glycol (PEG)or virusmediated fusion. For this purpose, trypsinized cells were mixed at a ratio of 1:1 and seeded into 35-mm-diameter, 6-well petri plates to obtain a subconfluent monolayer the next day (106 cells). For PEG-mediated fusion, the Benchmarks