Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy control based APF with DG integration for power quality improvement in disribution system

Power quality is the major problem in the electrical distribution network, out of various power quality problems; harmonics problem is major in distribution network. Various FACTS controllers are proposed for mitigation of power quality problem in the distribution network for harmonic compensation Active power filter is proposed. Another major problem in the power system network is increasing load demand day by day to meet the increasing in load demands renewable energy sources (RES's) are inter connected to the distribution network. For integrating any type of renewable energy sources (RES's) we need a voltage source converter (VSC) one for power quality improvement, another for integration of DG. This work proposes a fuzzy controlled SRF theory based APF with DG integration In the proposed system the fuzzy control circuit will perform the function of harmonic elimination, so that the need for an APF (Active Power Filter). Implementation of a fuzzy logic controller by using voltage as feedback for significantly improving the dynamic performance of proposed APF module with good stability factor is to be achieved. The system of DG integration with APF controlled by Fuzzy is modeled using MATLAB\Simulink. The operating conditions are demonstrated to improve the power quality is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Past Time: Baseball as History

Few writers know more about baseball's role in American life than Jules Tygiel. In Baseball's Great Experiment: Jackie Robinson and His Legacy, Tygiel penned a classic work, a landmark book that towers above most writing about the sport. Now he ranges across the last century and a half in an intriguing look at baseball as history, and history as reflected in baseball. In Past Time, Tygiel gives us a seat behind home plate, where we catch the ongoing interplay of baseball and American society. We begin in New York in the 1850s, where pre-Civil War nationalism shaped the emergence of a "national pastime. " We witness the true birth of modern baseball with the development of its elaborate statistics-the brainchild of English-born reformer, Henry Chadwick. Chadwick, Tygiel writes, created the sport's "historical essence" and even imparted a moral dimension to the game with his concepts of "errors" and "unearned" runs. Tygiel offers equally insightful looks at the role of rags-to-riches player-owners in the formation of the upstart American League and he describes the complex struggle to establish African-American baseball in a segregated world. He also examines baseball during the Great Depression (when Branch Rickey and Larry MacPhail saved the game by perfecting the farm system, night baseball, and radio broadcasts), the ironies of Bobby Thomson's immortal "shot heard 'round the world," the rapid relocation of franchises in the 1950s and 1960s, and the emergence of rotisserie leagues and fantasy camps in the 1980s. In Past Time, Jules Tygiel provides baseball history with a difference. Instead of a pitch-by-pitch account of great games, in this groundbreaking book, the field is American history and baseball itself is the star.
Recovering a "Lost" Story Using Oral History: The United States Supreme Court's Historic Green v. New Kent County, Virginia, Decision

In 1965, New Kent County, located just east of Richmond, Virginia, became the setting for the one of the most important school desegregation cases since Brown v. Board of Education. Ten years after the U.S. Supreme Court declared "separate but equal" unconstitutional, both public schools in New Kent, the George W. Watkins School for blacks and the New Kent School for whites, remained segregated. In 1965, however, local blacks and the Virginia State NAACP initiated a legal challenge to segregated schools, hoping to initiate desegregation where the process had yet to begin and to accelerate the process in areas where token desegregation was the norm. In 1968, the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Charles C. Green v. the School Board of New Kent County forced New Kent County and localities across the state and nation to fulfill the promise of Brown. While the case has been part of the court records since it was decided in 1968, it has remained largely unknown to the general public and many scholars of the era. This article is an attempt to use the tool of oral history to present the people and the story behind Green v. New Kent County and to add another piece to the puzzle that was school desegregation in this country.
Salvaging their normal lives: a qualitative study of patients with recently diagnosed advanced colorectal cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe the experiences of patients living with newly diagnosed stage III or IV colorectal cancer. RESEARCH APPROACH Qualitative; inductive coding methods were used to identify open codes that were analyzed, compared, and grouped into categories. SETTING An urban ambulatory cancer center in the northeastern United States. PARTICIPANTS 14 patients newly diagnosed with stage III or stage IV colorectal cancer. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH Semistructured interviews were recorded on audiotape. Interviewers asked participants to describe their experiences with the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Content analysis with inductive coding was used to code the transcribed interview data. Categories were reviewed and organized into larger groupings, from which the core category was derived. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Experiences of living with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer, impact on daily living, quality of life, coping strategies used, level of preparedness, and impact on children. FINDINGS The coded interview data yielded six domains: feeling life is disrupted, experiencing physicians, feeling unprepared for everything, rethinking parenting, wondering "why me? ," and dealing with it. The core category that explained study participants' experiences with recently diagnosed colorectal cancer was "salvaging their normal lives. " CONCLUSIONS The dominant experience of the study participants focused on four aspects of their illness experience: (a) framing it in ways that enabled them to recreate a semblance of normalcy or of their preillness state, (b) trying to tell children about the illness in stabilizing ways, (c) generating or maintaining a positive outlook no matter what, and (d) concretely managing the distress of the illness and its symptoms. INTERPRETATION Targeted assessment is important in the six dimensions of the study domains. Clinicians who work with patients with cancer should offer support as patients search for meanings to explain this potentially devastating life event. Teaching active coping strategies as patients with advanced cancer struggle to come to terms with the demands of the disease while attempting to live their lives as fully and as normally as possible is important.
Associations among maternal depressive symptomatology, state of mind and parent and child behaviors: Implications for attachment-based interventions

Associations among maternal depressive symptomatology, maternal state of mind with regard to attachment, and mother and child behaviors were examined in the treatment groups of an attachment-oriented intervention for primiparous women at high risk for parenting difficulties. The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) was completed by 48 intervention and 62 control subjects when their children were 19 months old and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Inventory (CES-D) and parent-child laboratory tasks were completed by the same subjects when their children were 24 months old. In the control group, preoccupied tendencies were repeatedly associated with poor outcome; in theintervention group coherence of mind was associated with positive outcome. Maternal depression tended to be associated with hostility in the intervention group. Results suggest that maternal state of mind may exert powerful effects on parenting behavior and that an attachmentoriented intervention may influence these associations, particularly among preoccupied subjects. Results also demonstrated potential benefits of using AAI scales in addition to the traditional categories.
Neuropeptidergic control of the optic gland of Octopus vulgaris: FMRF‐amide and GnRH immunoreactivity

In cephalopods, the endocrine optic glands on the optic tract control the maturation of the gonads. The glands are innervated by the optic gland nerve, which originates in the central nervous system. To explore the involvement of neuropeptides in the nervous control of the optic gland of Octopus vulgaris, the presence and distribution of Phe‐Met‐Arg‐Phe‐NH2 (FMRF‐amide)‐like and gonadotropin releasing homone (GnRH)‐like peptides were examined in the central nervous system and optic gland by immunohistochemistry. For GnRH immunodetection, antibodies against four different forms of GnRH were used: cGnRH‐I, cGnRH‐II, sGnRH, and mGnRH. The optic gland nerve provides direct and indirect signals coming from the centres of integration of chemical, visual, and olfactive stimuli to modulate the glandular activity. In these centres, the subpedunculate area, the olfactory and optic lobes, and FMRF‐amide‐like and GnRH‐like immunoreactivities were detected. The subpedunculate area seems to be the source of the FMRF‐amide‐like peptide, whereas the posterior olfactory lobule is the source of the GnRH‐like peptide. The immunoreactive fibres for both neuropeptides leave their sources and directly enter the optic gland nerve. FMRF‐amide‐ and GnRH‐immunoreactive nerve endings are seen on the glandular cells. The evidence of a possible neuropeptidergic control of optic gland activity reinforces the analogies and the functional parallels in the octopus, insect, crustacean, and vertebrate hormonal systems. J. Comp. Neurol. 398:1–12, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neostigmine and pilocarpine attenuated tumour necrosis factor α expression and cardiac hypertrophy in the heart with pressure overload

The inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) is known to be a major factor contributing to cardiac remodelling and dysfunction. Parasympathetic nervous system cholinergic function can inhibit TNFα expression during systemic infection. In the present study, we tested the effects of a cholinesterase inhibitor, neostigmine, and a muscarinic cholinergic agonist, pilocarpine, on cardiac hypertrophy and TNFα levels during pressure overload. Rats with transverse aortic constriction exhibited elevated TNFα protein levels in the heart, increased heart weight to body weight ratios (an index of cardiac hypertrophy) and decreased left ventricular diastolic function. Two weeks of infusion with neostigmine (6 μg kg−1 day−1) or pilocarpine (0.3 mg kg−1 day−1) significantly reduced cardiac hypertrophy, reduced TNFα levels and elevated interleukin‐10 levels in heart tissues, and improved ventricular function in rats with transverse aortic constriction. Neither of these treatments significantly changed ventricular pressure load. Furthermore, in primary cultured neonatal cardiac cells, treatment with pilocarpine attenuated adrenergic agonist phenylephrine‐induced increased TNFα expression and [3H]leucine (a marker of protein synthesis) incorporation in the cells. Collectively, both cholinergic agents decreased TNFα levels and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy. Since both agents potentially enhanced cholinergic function, the anti‐inflammatory action may be involved in the cardioprotective effect of the treatments with these agents.
Decreased arterial elasticity in formerly early‐onset preeclamptic women

Objective. Preeclampsia is associated with cardiovascular atherosclerotic events later in life. Impaired arterial elasticity is considered to be a marker of vascular (endothelial) dysfunction and to be involved in the atherosclerotic process. We investigated whether previously preeclamptic women have lower arterial elasticity indices in comparison with controls. Design. Case‐control study. Setting. University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands. Sample. 14 non‐pregnant women with a history of early‐onset preeclampsia (cases) and 16 non‐pregnant women (controls) with an uncomplicated pregnancy in 2003–2004. Methods. Measurement of radial artery elasticity indices combined with the brachial blood pressure using pulse wave contour analysis. The assessment of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including body mass index, serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), serum insulin and plasma homocysteine. Mean outcome measures. Arterial elasticity indices and traditional risk factors for CVD in cases and controls. Results. Arterial elasticity was impaired in cases as compared with controls. Body mass index, blood pressure, pulse pressure, hsCRP and triglycerides were significantly higher in cases. Conclusion. Arterial elasticity indices are reduced in formerly preeclamptic women, indicating vascular dysfunction. This and the more established risk factors for CVD are likely to contribute to a higher risk of CVD in women with a history of early‐onset preeclampsia.
Intervertebral disk degeneration related to reduced vertebral marrow perfusion at dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to use dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to ascertain the relation between intervertebral disk degeneration and lumbar vertebral marrow blood perfusion. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We recruited 25 patients (50 vertebral bodies) who underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the lumbar spine. The peak signal enhancement of each vertebral body was calculated from the time signal after curve fitting of a pharmacokinetic model. We controlled for other variables that might have affected blood perfusion by assessing two vertebral bodies in each patient. The 25 patients were divided into three groups. In group 1, one of the vertebral bodies (L1 or L3) evaluated was between two adjacent normal disks and the other was between two adjacent degenerated disks. In group 2, each of the two vertebral bodies evaluated was between two normal disks. In group 3 each of the two vertebral bodies evaluated was between two degenerated disks. RESULTS Without normalization by minimization of other variables, there were no statistically significant differences in original peak enhancement values among groups 1, 2, and 3 (p = 0.179). After normalization, the peak enhancement in group 1 (0.846 +/- 0.060) was significantly lower than that in group 2 (0.988 +/- 0.047) (p = 0.003) or group 3 (0.973 +/- 0.081) (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION After normalization, lumbar vertebral marrow perfusion correlated well with intervertebral disk degeneration evaluated with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Blood perfusion was 14% less in the vertebral body marrow between two degenerated disks than in vertebral marrow between two normal disks.
Identification of a variant subgroup A strain of respiratory syncytial virus

During epidemiologic surveillance of children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in Huntington, W.Va. , we identified seven strains of a new variant subgroup A RSV (subgroup A-Var) by their reactions in an enzyme immunoassay with two anti-F monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for two epitopes, F1 and F4, generated against the subgroup B RSV. The prototype strain of subgroup A and all other subgroup A field strains from that epidemiologic year failed to react with these two subgroup B MAbs. Additional enzyme immunoassays with 18 subgroup B anti-F MAbs specific for 14 epitopes showed that subgroup A-Var strains also reacted with a MAb specific for the subgroup B F2 epitope. In a radioimmune precipitation assay, the molecular size of the subgroup A-Var F2 subunit of the fusion (F) protein clearly differed from those of both prototype strains of subgroup A and subgroup B RSV. The molecular size of the F2 subunit of subgroup A-Var (24 kDa) was intermediate between the size of the F2 subunit of subgroup A (25 kDa) and that of subgroup B (23 kDa). However, the molecular sizes of the F1 subunits of both subgroup A and subgroup A-Var were identical (54 kDa) and slightly larger than those of the F1 subunits of both subgroups B1 and B2 (53 kDa). These data suggest that subgroup A-Var may represent a distinct RSV A subgroup, analogous to subgroup B1 and B2 RSV, and it is the first-identified naturally occurring subgroup A RSV with an F protein different from that of the prototype A RSV.
A 14-nm 0.14-psrms Fractional-N Digital PLL With a 0.2-ps Resolution ADC-Assisted Coarse/Fine-Conversion Chopping TDC and TDC Nonlinearity Calibration

A digital fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL) is presented. It achieves 137- and 142-fs rms jitter integrating from 10 kHz to 10 MHz and from 1 kHz to 10 MHz, respectively. With a frequency multiplication ratio of 207.0019231 [digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) frequency is 50 kHz away from an integer multiple of the 26-MHz reference clock], a −78.6-dBc fractional spur is achieved for an output clock that runs at half of the DCO frequency. Time-to-digital converter (TDC) chopping technique, TDC fine conversion through successive approximation register analog-to-digital converters (SARADCs), and TDC nonlinearity calibration improve integrated phase noise and fractional spurs. This design meets the performance requirement of the 256-QAM $4 \times 4$ MIMO LTE standard in 5-GHz ISM band and also the 5G cellular 64-QAM standard in 28-GHz band. This work, implemented in a 14-nm fin-shaped field effect transistor (FinFET) CMOS process, is integrated to a cellular RF integrated circuit supporting advanced carrier aggregation operation. This PLL draws 13.4 mW and occupies 0.257 mm2.
Changes of the optical characteristics of radiochromic films in the transition from EBT3 to EBT-XD films

A new type of radiochromic film, the EBT-XD film, has been introduced with the aim to reduce the orientation effect and the lateral response artifact occurring in the use of radiochromic films together with flatbed scanners. The task of the present study is to quantify the changes of optical characteristics involved with the transition from the well-known EBT3 films to the new EBT-XD films, using the optical bench arrangement already applied by Schoenfeld et al ( Phys. Med. Biol. 59 3575–97). Largely reduced polarization effects and the almost complete loss of the anisotropy of the scattered light produced in a radiation-exposed film have been observed. The Rayleigh–Debye–Gans theory is used to understand these optical changes as arising from the reduced length-to-width ratio of the LiPCDA polymer crystals in the active layer of the EBT-XD film. The effect of these changes on the flatbed scanning artifacts will be shortly addressed, but treated in more detail in a further paper.
A Threshold-Based Authentication System Which Provides Attributes Using Secret Sharing

In identity federation, each service provider verifies the identity of a user based on authentication performed by an authentication server called an Identity Provider (IdP). When the IdP suffers from a trouble such that an unauthorized person has cracked into the IdP or the IdP is unreachable due to a network problem, all services in the federation may be stopped by the single trouble. Simple replication of servers for the IdP might cause privacy concern because plain attribute values of registered users are copied to multiple servers, including servers that may not necessarily be trusted. In order to maintain the function as an IdP even under such troubles, we propose a system in which servers of the IdP are distributed and cooperate using threshold-based authentication and secret sharing. Even when some of IdPs are not available, the proposed system can provide authentication and authorization to all services in the federation by performing authentication procedure with the rest IdPs. Since attribute values are distributed to IdPs using secret sharing, an attacker cannot know the attribute values even if he successfully usurps administrator-level privilege of an IdP. We also design and implement the proposed system. We measure the execution time and verify that the computation time is sufficiently small. Furthermore, we show that our system is robust with respect to both fault tolerance and security.
Exercise-Induced Hyponatremia in Ultradistance Triathletes Is Caused By Inappropriate Fluid Retention

ObjectiveTo study fluid and sodium balance during overnight recovery following an ultradistance triathlon in hyponatremic athletes compared with normonatremic controls. Case Control StudyProspective descriptive study. Setting1997 New Zealand Ironman Triathlon (3.8 Km swim, 180 Km cycle, 42.2 Km run). ParticipantsSeven athletes (“subjects”) hospitalized with hyponatremia (median sodium [Na] = 128 mmol L−1). Data were compared with measurements from 11 normonatremic race finishers (“controls”) (median sodium = 141 mmol L−1). InterventionsNone. Main Outcome MeasuresAthletes were weighed prior to, immediately after, and on the morning after, the race. Blood was drawn for sodium, hemoglobin, and hematocrit immediately after the race and the following morning. Plasma concentrations of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) were also measured post race. ResultsSubjects were significantly smaller than controls (62.5 vs. 72.0 Kg) and lost less weight during the race than controls (median −0.5% vs. −3.9%, p = 0.002) but more weight than controls during recovery (−4.4% vs. −0.8%, p = 0.002). Subjects excreted a median fluid excess during recovery (1,346 ml); controls had a median fluid deficit (521 ml) (p = 0.009). Estimated median sodium deficit was the same in subjects and controls (88 vs. 38 mmol L−1, p = 0.25). Median AVP was significantly lower in subjects than in controls. Plasma volume fell during recovery in subjects (−5.9%, p = 0.016) but rose in controls (0.76%, p = NS). ConclusionsTriathletes with symptomatic hyponatremia following very prolonged exercise have abnormal fluid retention including an increased extracellular volume, but without evidence for large sodium losses. Such fluid retention is not associated with elevated plasma AVP concentrations.