Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Image quality assessment based on the correlation coefficient and the 2-D discrete wavelet transform

Image quality assessment is a complex problem due to subjective nature of human visual perception. In this paper, a novel image quality assessment is proposed based on the discrete 2-D wavelet transform and the correlation coefficient. Firstly, the reference image and the distorted images are decomposed into several levels by means of the wavelet transform respectively. Secondly, the approximation and detail coefficients of the reference image are as the reference sequences and the approximation and detail coefficients of the distorted images are as the comparative sequences respectively. And the correlation coefficients are calculated between the reference sequences and the comparative sequences respectively. Moreover, the image quality assessment matrix of every distorted image can be constructed based on the correlation coefficients and the image quality can be assessed. The algorithm makes full use of perfect integral comparison mechanism of the correlation coefficient and the well matching of discrete wavelet transform with multichannel model of human visual system. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can not only evaluate the integral and detail quality of image fidelity accurately but also bears more consistency with the human visual system than the traditional method PSNR.
ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test.

This statement provides practical guidelines for the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Specifically, it reviews indications, details factors that influence results, presents a brief step-by-step protocol, outlines safety measures, describes proper patient preparation and procedures, and offers guidelines for clinical interpretation of results. These recommendations are not intended to limit the use of alternative protocols for research studies. We do not discuss the general topic of clinical exercise testing. As with other American Thoracic Society statements on pulmonary function testing, these guidelines come out of a consensus conference. Drafts were prepared by two members (P.L.E. and R.J.Z.) and were based on a comprehensive Medline literature search from 1970 through 2001, augmented by suggestions from other committee members. Each draft responded to comments from the working committee. The guidelines follow previously published methods as closely as possible and provide a rationale for each specific recommendation. The final recommendations represent a consensus of the committee. The committee recommends that these guidelines be reviewed in five years and in the meantime encourages further research in areas of controversy.
Quantum electrodynamics near a dispersive and absorbing dielectric

We build up a consistent theory of quantum electrodynamics in the presence of macroscopic polarizable media. We use the Huttner-Barnett model of a dispersive and absorbing dielectric medium and formulate the theory in terms of interacting quantum fields. We integrate out the damped polaritons by using diagrammatic techniques and find an exact expression for the displacement-field (photon) propagator in the presence of a dispersive and absorbing dielectric half-space. This offers a route to traceable perturbative calculations of the same kind as in free-space quantum electrodynamics. As a worked-through example, we consider the interaction of a neutral atom with a dispersive and absorbing dielectric half-space. For that, we use the multipolar coupling D of the atomic dipole moment to the electromagnetic displacement field. We apply this formalism to calculate the one-loop correction to the atomic electron propagator and to find the energy-level shift and changes in the spontaneous decay rates for a neutral atom close to an absorptive dielectric mirror.
Multi-Hypothesis Social Grouping and Tracking for Mobile Robots

Detecting and tracking people and groups of people is a key skill for robots in populated environments. In this paper, we address the problem of detecting and learning socio-spatial relations between individuals and to track their group formations. Opposed to related work, we track and reason about multiple social grouping hypotheses in a recursive way, assume a mobile sensor that perceives the scene from a first-person perspective, and achieve good tracking performance in real-time using only 2D range data. The method, that relies on an extended multi-hypothesis tracking approach, also improves person-level tracking in two ways: the social grouping information is fed back to predict human motion over learned intra-group constraints and to support data association by adapting track-specific occlusion probabilities. Both measures lead to an improved occlusion handling and a better trade-off between false negative and false positive tracks. In experiments with a mobile robot and on large-scale outdoor data sets, we demonstrate how the approach is able to model social grouping and to improve person tracking by a significant reduction of track identifier switches and false negative tracks.
Thermal thresholds of lipid restructuring and delta(9)-desaturase expression in the liver of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

Cold acclimation induces a transient enzymatic activation of the acyl CoA-(&Dgr;)(9)-desaturase in carp liver. We have determined thresholds for two underlying mechanisms; namely, the activation of latent enzyme and the induced synthesis of new desaturase. Carp were progressively cooled from 30 degrees C to 23, 17 and 10 degrees C, where they were held for up to 5 days. Endoplasmic reticulum phospholipids showed substantial changes in fatty acid composition, with linear decreases in the proportion of saturates with temperature over the full range of cooling (11.3 % in phosphatidylcholine and 15.8 % in phosphatidylethanolamine). In the phosphatidyl-ethanolamine fraction, this was linked to increased proportions of monoenes, particularly 20:1(n-9). Modest cooling to 23 degrees C on day 1 induced a 2.5-fold transient increase in delta(9)-desaturase activity without any change in the amount of desaturase protein or transcript. Further cooling to 17 degrees C induced a greater and more sustained increase in desaturase activity, reaching sevenfold on day 5, with a 10- to 20-fold increase in the amount of desaturase transcript. Extreme cooling to 10 degrees C led to a very large, but transient, 40- to 50-fold increase in desaturase transcript amounts, a modest 40-50 % increase in desaturase protein but no further increase in activity over that observed at 17 degrees C. These results distinguish at least three mechanisms involved in cold-induced lipid restructuring; the activation of latent desaturase observed with gentle cooling, the induction of desaturase gene transcription and, finally, a third unidentified lipid compensatory mechanism that occurs with extreme cooling. The complex nature of cold-induced lipid restructuring also involves changes in the activity of other biosynthetic enzymes, including elongase and positional- and phospholipid-specific acyltransferases.
Greening the Internet Using Multi-frequency Scaling Scheme

In this paper, we have designed a Multi-Frequency Scaling scheme for energy conservation of network devices, especially routers and switches. The frequency of components in a network device is scaled dynamically according to the real time workload. A Markov model is developed for performance analysis of this mechanism. We implement a prototype of this scheme in the data path of a general IPv4 router based on a real hardware platform - NetFPGA. Experimental results show excellent energy savings at the cost of a tolerable latency, under various ranges of traffic loads. Our work indicates the feasibility and possibility of deploying this mechanism into real network devices for energy saving.
Drug-Eluting Stents : Part II

Preclinical Data Unlike other antimitotic agents, paclitaxel shifts the cytoskeleton equilibrium toward assembly, leading to reduced vascular cell proliferation, migration, and signal transduction.2 Paclitaxel is highly lipophilic, resulting in a rapid cellular uptake and a long-lasting effect in the cell.3 NIR stents (Boston Scientific Corp) coated with poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) copolymer and paclitaxel (200 g/stent) were placed in porcine coronary arteries. Paclitaxel-eluting stents showed a marked reduction in neointimal and medial cell proliferation at all time points (7, 28, 56, and 180 days). 4 However, arteries treated with paclitaxel showed incomplete healing, late persistence of a large number of macrophages, and fibrin deposition. Similar findings were observed with a stent platform coated with cross-linked biodegradable polymer (chondroitin sulfate and gelatin) and 42.0, 20.2, 8.6, or 1.5 g of paclitaxel in rabbit iliac arteries.5 These studies indicate the need for a more controlled drug release of paclitaxel due to the narrow toxic-therapeutic window and high hydrophobic character of this compound.
Galaxy populations of double cluster RX J1053.7+5735 at z = 1.13

We present a study of the galaxy population in the cluster RX J1053.7+5735, one of the most distant X-ray selected clusters of galaxies and one which also shows an unusual double-lobed X-ray morphology, indicative of a possible equal-mass cluster merger. The cluster was discovered during the ROSAT deep pointings in the direction of the Lockman Hole. Using Keck-DEIMOS spectroscopic observations of galaxies in the 2. 0 × 1. 5 region surrounding RX J1053.7+5735, we secured redshifts for six galaxies in the range 1.129 < z < 1.139, with a mean redshiftz� = 1.134. This mean redshift agrees well with the cluster X-ray redshift previously estimated from the cluster X-ray Fe-K line, confirming the presence of a cluster at z ∼ 1.135. Galaxies with concordant redshifts are located in both eastern and western sub-clusters of the double cluster structure, which indicates that both sub-clusters are at similar redshifts. This result is also consistent with a previous claim that both eastern and western X-ray lobes have similar X-ray redshifts. Based on their separation of ∼250 kpc, these results support the interpretation that RX J1053.7+5735 is an equal-mass cluster merger taken place at z ∼ 1, although further direct evidence for a dynamical state of the cluster is needed to make a more definitive statement about the cluster merging state. The six galaxies have a line-of-sight velocity dispersion ∆v ∼ 650 km s −1 , and all six show clear absorption features of CaII H and K and several Balmer lines that are typical of early galaxies at the present epoch, in agreement with their I − K colors. A color-magnitude diagram, constructed from deep optical/NIR observations of the RX J1053.7+5735 field, shows a clear red color sequence. There is an indication that the red sequence in RX J1053.7+5735 lies ∼0.3 to the blue of the Coma line, qualitatively consistent with previous studies investigating other clusters at z ∼ 1.
Nowcasting World GDP and Trade Using Global Indicators

Global activity is a key driver of UK economic growth. Official estimates of world GDP and trade are only available with a lag, but more timely global indicators can give an early steer on growth. Global indicators have been useful in predicting large swings in world activity and have been particularly helpful since the onset of the financial crisis. A combination of these indicators has performed much better at tracking world GDP and trade growth since 2008 than a simple benchmark model. The global manufacturing PMI export orders index has been the single best indicator during this period.
Towards a Unified Model of Spatial Computing Corrected Version

In spatial computing, there is a fundamental tension between discrete and continuous models of computation: computational devices are generally discrete, yet it is often useful to program them in terms of the continuous environment through which they are embedded. Aggregate programming models for spatial computers have attempted to resolve this tension in a variety of different ways, generating a profusion of approaches that are difficult to compare or combine. Recently, however, two minimal models have been proposed: continuous space-time universality and a discrete field calculus. This paper unifies these two models by proving that field calculus is space-time universal, and thus provides the first formal connection between continuous and discrete approaches to spatial computing.
Cascadia : A Middleware for Specifying , Detecting and Managing Complex Location Events

After two decades of research, the commercial and cultural mainstream has its first taste of context-aware computing in the hundreds of mobile and real-time web applications that use primitive location context (e.g., “Fiona is at the park”, “There’s a café 2 blocks away”). Recent work has also led to systems that can infer complex, higher-level context (e.g., “Grandma is making coffee” [2], “Patient Wu has entered the post-op phase of treatment” [11]). With a market expected to exceed $12 billion as early as 2012 [4], context-aware computing will soon penetrate many aspects of business, government and healthcare as well as our personal and social lives. To succeed, however, these systems must cope with new and critical challenges presented by real-world deployments. They must extract high-level context from sporadic, low-level data that streams from sub-optimally distributed sensors. They must offer quick, low-cost solutions for deploying and tuning a system to extract context that meets the diverse and evolving information needs of a rapidly expanding user base. Moreover, it is critical that all context information be presented in a manner that users can easily understand, evaluate and control [1].
Impaired glucose-insulin metabolism in males with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the frequency of type‐2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in a large clinic-based male population presenting various degrees of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and to analyse the relationship between OSAS and glucose-insulin metabolism. Male patients (n=595) with suspected OSAS underwent both nocturnal polysomnography and a 2‐h oral glucose-tolerance test with measurements of fasting and postload blood glucose and plasma insulin. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the ratio of fasting glucose to fasting insulin. OSAS was diagnosed in 494 patients, while 101 patients were nonapnoeic snorers. Type‐2 diabetes was present in 30.1% of OSAS patients and 13.9% of nonapnoeic snorers. IGT was diagnosed in 20.0% of OSAS patients and 13.9% of nonapnoeic snorers. Fasting and postload blood glucose increased with severity of sleep apnoea. Insulin sensitivity decreased with increasing severity of sleep apnoea. In addition to body mass index and age, the apnoea/hypopnoea index independently influenced postload blood glucose and insulin sensitivity. The authors conclude that in a clinic-based sample of patients, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is associated with a high frequency of type‐2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. The relationship between sleep-disordered breathing and impaired glucose-insulin metabolism is independent of obesity and age.
An unstructured peer-to-peer approach to aggregate node selection

In distributed and high performance applications it it is necessary to discover the aggregate resource capabilities of the collaborating peers. Another requirement of these applications is to locate the resources meeting the given aggregate search criteria. In this paper we present an unstructured peer-to-peer approach to aggregate node selection for resource management. Our objective is to efficiently calculate the aggregate value and search the aggregate node whose attribute matches or falls in the proximity of this value. Our contribution also includes the inclusion of an explicit network for aggregate query routing. We evaluated our protocol for accuracy, efficiency and communication cost through detailed simulations.
Multiple-instrument polyphonic music transcription using a convolutive probabilistic model

In this paper, a method for automatic transcription of music signals using a convolutive probabilistic model is proposed, by extending the shift-invariant Probabilistic Latent Component Analysis method. Several note templates from multiple orchestral instruments are extracted from monophonic recordings and are used for training the transcription system. By incorporating shift-invariance into the model along with the constant-Q transform as a timefrequency representation, tuning changes and frequency modulations such as vibrato can be better supported. For postprocessing, Hidden Markov Models trained on MIDI data are employed, in order to favour temporal continuity. The system was tested on classical and jazz recordings from the RWC database, on recordings from a Disklavier piano, and a woodwind quintet recording. The proposed method, which can also be used for pitch content visualization, outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches for transcription, using a variety of error metrics.
Node Mobility in Unstructured P 2 P Networks

P2P networks research is mainly focused on techniques for efficiently finding files to download from the network. Problems like churn and robustness have been thoroughly analyzed. Mobility in P2P networks is still an open topic. In this paper, we address the problem of deciding what to do in the case of node mobility. A node which knows that it is going to move in another part of the network wants to take the best decision what to do with its documents in the interest of the overall network performance. This problem is particularly challenging in the special case of a node which is the primary source for its documents, because of update costs and privacy issues. In this paper we identify possible decisions and circumstances in which a particular decision becomes the “best decision” for the special case mentioned above. We also provide some experimental cases and results that compare the options with regard to different performance metrics.
ON THE VARIATION OF THE FRACTIONAL MEAN CURVATURE UNDER THE EFFECT OF C 1 ,α PERTURBATIONS

In this brief note we study how the fractional mean curvature of order s ∈ (0 , 1) varies with respect to C 1 ,α diﬀeomorphisms. We prove that, if α > s , then the variation under a C 1 ,α diﬀeomorphism Ψ of the s -mean curvature of a set E is controlled by the C 0 ,α norm of the Jacobian of Ψ. When α = 1 we discuss the stability of these estimates as s → 1 − and comment on the consistency of our result with the classical framework.
Annotate And Visualize A Video With Pose Recognition And Text Gloss Ssg

Good interfaces should help us to decide what next? Hence, Interface design issues pertinent to this project include the integration of media, annotation, use of metaphors, standards and the goals of the multimedia system. Without control over facial appearance, screening perspective, illumination circumstances, occlusions, background, expression, hairstyles, in the video quality is exaggerated and image contains noise pixels and Face data in different angle cannot be recognized. So recognize an unimpeded pose and visualizing a video in multimedia environment with authoring is, still a thorny way. In this paper we present a dual course of action, at first annotate a video with excellent pretense extraction using Fuzzy Local Information C-Means (FLICM) Clustering Algorithm. This approach is used to fuzzy local gray level quantify resemblance, aiming to assure noise insensitiveness and image detail preservation. Subsequently we can generate sketches using sobel operator which finds the sharp intensity variation of an image and it obtains the edges of the objects contained on the image. At the jiffy phase we propose a text gloss scene structured graph to authorize a video.
A pipelined microprocessor for logic programming languages

The architecture of a pipelined microprocessor for logic programming languages is presented. The microprocessor, called PU (processing unit), is also used as a key component of AI workstations. PU has the capability to execute two different logic programming languages, KL1 for PIM/m and ESP for the AI workstation. The microprocessor has very high performance, 833 KLIPS in KL1 append and 1282 KLIPS in ESP, owing to the pipelined data typing and dereference. For efficient implementation of both languages, data typing and dereference are important. For these operations, PU has mechanisms to manipulate tagged data. The hardware architecture of PU is described, focusing on its data typing and dereference mechanisms. <<ETX>>
Experimental determination of the evolvability of a transcription factor

Sequence-specific binding of a transcription factor to DNA is the central event in any transcriptional regulatory network. However, relatively little is known about the evolutionary plasticity of transcription factors. For example, the exact functional consequence of an amino acid substitution on the DNA-binding specificity of most transcription factors is currently not predictable. Furthermore, although the major structural families of transcription factors have been identified, the detailed DNA-binding repertoires within most families have not been characterized. We studied the sequence recognition code and evolvability of the basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor family by creating all possible 95 single-point mutations of five DNA-contacting residues of Max, a human helix–loop–helix transcription factor and measured the detailed DNA-binding repertoire of each mutant. Our results show that the sequence-specific repertoire of Max accessible through single-point mutations is extremely limited, and we are able to predict 92% of the naturally occurring diversity at these positions. All naturally occurring basic regions were also found to be accessible through functional intermediates. Finally, we observed a set of amino acids that are functional in vitro but are not found to be used naturally, indicating that functionality alone is not sufficient for selection.
Fast parallel fabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystals using the dynamic laser printing technique

Parallel femtosecond laser fabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystals using the dynamic laser printing technique is demonstrated. Combining a spatial light modulator with a versatile direct laser writing setup, the dynamic laser printing system is able to produce two-dimensional spot arrays in a single shot. High quality three-dimensional polymeric photonic crystals with 90% void uniformity and 60% suppression in transmission were generated. This technique dramatically reduces the fabrication time by two orders of magnitude, compared with the direct laser writing technique.
Detect Cross-Browser Issues for JavaScript-Based Web Applications Based on Record/Replay

With the advent of Web 2.0 application, and the increasing number of browsers and platforms on which the applications can be executed, cross-browser incompatibilities (XBIs) are becoming a serious problem for organizations to develop web-based software. Although some techniques and tools have been proposed to identify XBIs, a number of false positives and false negatives still exist as they cannot assure the same execution when the application runs across different browsers. To address this limitation, leveraging existing record/replay technique, we developed X-Check, a novel cross-browser testing technique and tool, which supports automated XBIs detection with high accuracy. Our empirical evaluation shows that X-Check is effective and improves the state of the art.