Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The IRA Apology of 2002 and Forgiveness in Northern Ireland's Troubles: A Cross-National Study of Printed Media

This study provides a cross-national exploration of the media and public responses to the 2002 Irish Republican Army (IRA) statement of apology for the hundreds of non-combatant deaths caused by them over the past 30 years. The study explored responses to the statement in national, regional, and local news papers across the United States, England, and Northern Ireland. It was hypothesized that relational closeness to victims of the IRA campaign would affect attitudes toward the IRA apology, as would geographical closeness to the political violence in Northern Ireland; also within Northern Ireland there would be differences in attitudes toward the statement due to the ethnopolitical orientation of the newspapers' intended readership. The results broadly supported these hypotheses, with the U.S. print media being generally more positive and the English print media more negative in attitude toward the statement of apology. Also, among responses in England, those areas that had suffered directly from IRA violence tended to have the most negative reactions of all. In Northern Ireland, newspapers with a predominately Catholic readership responded to the IRA apology generally positively, whereas newspapers with a predominately Protestant readership responded generally negatively. The results illustrate difficulties facing peace processes in settings of ethnic violence and the complexity of responses to apology and forgiveness of relevant publics within and outside actual conflict areas.
The Role of Visuospatial Representation to Improve Student’s Conceptual Mastery based on Gender in Learning Human Urinary System

Study of this research investigates the role of visuospatial representation using Wimba model to improve student’s conceptual mastery based on gender in learning Human Urinary System. The method used in this research was experimental research with matching pretest-posttest comparison group design. The sample was taken based on gender classes consisting of boys class (n=21) and girls class (n=9) in one of Bilingual School in Bandung. The quantitative data of this research was investigated through the objective test, while the supportive qualitative data gathered through Likert-Scale. The conceptual mastery of both classes measured based on Bloom’s taxonomy cognitive domain through an objective test. Data processing was done by independent sample t-test. The result of this research shows that there are significant differences in conceptual mastery improvement between girl class and boy class by using visuospatial representation as a model. The research indicates that girl class is outperformed in conceptual mastery almost in each cognitive domain than boy class, and girl class also shows more positive responses toward learning using visuospatial representation than boy class.
Aping Newtonian physics but ignoring brute facts will not transform Skinnerian psychology into genuine science or useful technology

The proposal to add the behavioral momentum metaphor to Skinnerian psychology and the use of other borrowed physical explanatory concepts such as velocity and inertial mass has only superficial value. The basic problem is that, in contrast to Newtonian physics, the “laws” do not apply to a significant proportion of the phenomena to be explained, and these evidential discrepancies are ignored, rather than being used to modify the scientific explanations and improve technological applications that are based on those explanations.
Ergenler İçin Oyun Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlama Çalışması

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents which originally developed by Lemmens, Valkenburg and Peter (2009). The original form of the scale consists of 21 items and 7 factors. Initially, scale was translated by subject and language experts and a Turkish form of scale was developed. To examine the reliability and validity of the scale, data were collected from 265 people. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for the construct validity. The Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency of the scale was 0.92. According to the analysis, validity and reliability tests of the scale’s Turkish form were finalized
Characterisation of disordered auditory processing in adults who present to audiology with hearing difficulties in presence of normal hearing thresholds : correlation between auditory tests and symptoms

The diagnosis of auditory processing disorder (APD) remains controversial. Quantifying symptoms in individuals with APD by using validated questionnaires may help better understand the disorder and inform appropriate diagnostic evaluation. Aims: This study was aimed at characterising the symptoms in APD and correlating them with the results of auditory processing (AP) tests. Methods: Phase 1: Normative data of a speech-in-babble test, to be used as part of the APD test battery, were collected for 69 normal volunteers aged 20–57 years. Phase 2: Sixty adult subjects with hearing difficulties and normal audiogram and 38 healthy age-matched controls completed three validated questionnaires (Amsterdam Inventory for Auditory Disability; Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale; hyperacusis questionnaire) and underwent AP tests, including dichotic digits, frequency and duration pattern, gaps-in-noise, speech-in-babble and suppression of otoacoustic emissions by contralateral noise. The subjects were categorised into the clinical APD group or clinical non- APD group depending on whether they met the criterion of two failed tests. The questionnaire scores in the three groups were compared. Phase 3: The questionnaire scores were correlated with the APD test results in 58/60 clinical subjects and 38 of the normal subjects. Results: Phase 1: Normative data for the speech-in-babble test afforded an upper cut-off mean value of 4.4 dB for both ears Phase 2: Adults with APD presented with hearing difficulties in quiet and noise; difficulties in localising, recognising and detecting sounds and hyperacusis with significantly poorer scores compared to clinical non- APD subjects and normal controls. Phase 3: Weak to moderate correlations were noted among the scores of the three questionnaires and the APD tests. Correlations were the strongest for the gaps-in-noise, speech-in-babble, dichotic digit tests with all three questionnaires. Conclusions: The three validated questionnaires may help identify adults with normal hearing who need referral for APD assessment.
Reducing Juvenile Crime: Conferencing versus Court

With the commencement of the Young Offenders Act in April 1998, Youth Justice Conferencing was introduced across NSW as an alternative to a court appearance for young offenders. At a conference the young offender(s), family, victims and other supporters discuss the offending and its impact in order to encourage acceptance of responsibility by the offender, provide some form of restitution and help to reintegrate the offender back into his/her family and community. This study compares reoffending by young people who participated in a conference with reoffending by young people who attended court. The results indicate that conferencing produces a moderate reduction of up to 15 to 20 per cent in reoffending across different offence types and regardless of the gender, criminal history, age and Aboriginality of the offenders.
A semi-supervised temporal clustering method for facial emotion analysis

In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised temporal clustering method and apply it to the complex problem of facial emotion categorization. The proposed method, which uses a mechanism to add side information based on the semi-supervised kernel k-means framework, is an extension of the temporal clustering algorithm Aligned Cluster Analysis (ACA). We show that simply adding a small amount of soft constraints, in the form of must-link and cannot-link, improves the overall accuracy of the state-of-the-art method, ACA without adding any extra computational complexity. The results on the non-posed database VAM corpus for three different emotion primitives (valence, dominance, and activation) show improvements compared to the original approach.
What happens when things go wrong? Retail sales explanations and their effects

Not all marketplace interactions are initially successful, and often customer expectations are not met, resulting in dissatisfaction, which leads to complaint and redress-seeking behavior. In this process, the nature of the explanations and other aspects of the firm–customer interaction are critical. This study investigates the proposition that explanation adequacy plays a critical role in the resolution of unsatisfactory sales encounters. Data were collected from a sample of consumers and analyzed with the use of structural-equation modeling. The findings indicate that explanation adequacy is influenced by the style and content of the explanation and the timeliness of an organization's reaction. However, explanation adequacy appears to only influence the final perceptions (indirectly) of the severity of the incident and emotional reaction to it, and the perceptions of the extent of the justice of the resolution and the assignment of blame to external factors were found to be intervening variables. The results also indicated that the assignment of blame to internal factors was unrelated to the adequacy of an explanation, but did influence emotional reactions and the perceived severity of the incident. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scalable I-vector concatenation for PLDA based language identification system

Language identification systems combining i-vectors estimated from different acoustic feature spaces have recently been shown to be superior to i-vector systems based on a single acoustic feature space. Specifically, i-vectors estimated using MFCC and PLP front-ends were concatenated prior to using LDA to obtain a combined i-vector. In this work, we investigate the scalability of this i-vector concatenation based framework to incorporate a larger number of front-ends, in particular, phonotactic front-ends. A modification to the framework is also proposed in order to improve this scalability. The proposed framework is evaluated on the 30, 10 and 3 seconds test set of NIST 2007 LRE database.
Causal Models: How People Think about the World and Its Alternatives

1. Agency and the Role of Causation in Mental Life Part I. The Theory 2. The Information Is in the Invariants 3. What Is a Cause? 4. Causal Models 5. Observation Versus Action Part II. Evidence and Application 6. Reasoning About Causation 7. Decision Making via Causal Consequences 8. The Psychology of Judgment: Causality Is Pervasive 9. Causality and Conceptual Structure 10. Categorical Induction 11. Locating Causal Structure in Language 12. Causal Learning 13. Conclusion: Causation in the Mind Notes References Index
Are patients who have metabolic syndrome without diabetes at risk for developing chronic kidney disease? Evidence based on data from a large cohort screening population.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recently, metabolic syndrome (MS) was suggested to be an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study explored the relationship between MS and risk for development of CKD that is independent of diabetes. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS The study population consisted of 4607 adult (age >18 yr) individuals who did not have diabetes or CKD at baseline and were successfully followed for 3 yr in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, a prospective, population-based study of risk factors for atherosclerosis and diabetes. Individuals with and without MS at baseline were compared regarding development of new CKD. RESULTS A total of 1010 (21.9%) individuals met criteria for MS at baseline. During the follow-up, 38 (3.4%) individuals in MS group and 73 individuals (2.0%) of 3590 people in non-MS group developed CKD (OR = 1.88, 95% CI; 1.26-2.8). After exclusion of individuals with hypertension at baseline (n = 798), 406 people (10.7%) were defined as having MS. After follow-up, 62 (1.82%) people in the MS group and eight (1.98%) people in non-MS group developed CKD (OR = 0.925, 95% CI; 0.446-1.917; P = 0.844). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that MS is a cluster of multiple risk factors, and, as a cluster, it is a significant risk for CKD. The risk of MS for developing CKD is highly affected by the presence of diabetes and hypertension, and it seems that clustering of individual risk factors is more plausibly associated with risk for developing CKD than a unique biologic phenomenon.
Stress Effects on Morphology and Function of the Hippocampus a

The hippocampal formation, which contains high levels of adrenal steroid receptors, is vulnerable to insults such as stroke, seizures, and head trauma, and it is also sensitive and vulnerable to the effects of stress. We have discovered that the hippocampus of rodents and tree shrews shows atrophy of pyramidal neurons in the CA3 region. Psychosocial stress and restraint stress produce atrophy over approximately 3-4 weeks. Atrophy is blocked by inhibiting adrenal steroid formation and by blocking the actions of excitatory amino acids using Dilantin or NMDA receptor inhibitors. Glucocorticoid administration also blocks CA3 atrophy, but Dilantin administration blocks this as well, indicating that excitatory amino acid release mediates the atrophy, which likely involves disassembly of the dendritic cytoskeleton. Studies with in vivo microdialysis in several laboratories have shown that glutamate release in the hippocampus increases in stress and that stress-induced glutamate release is reduced by adrenalectomy. Recent electron microscopy of mossy fiber terminals on CA3 neurons has revealed a depletion of synaptic vesicles as a result of repeated stress. The mossy fiber terminals appear to be responsible for driving atrophy of CA3 neurons, which involves principally atrophy of the apical dendrites. These results are discussed in relation to data from MRI showing atrophy of the whole human hippocampus in Cushing's disease, recurrent depressive illness, PTSD, and normal aging as well as dementia.
A Biological Basis for Architecting Intelligent and Autonomous Software

Since Alan Turing in the 50's, there have been many biologically-inspired approaches to intelligence and autonomy for machines and software. Commonly, these approaches explored one particular level of organization of living species (e.g. cell, tissue, organ or organ systems) or one particular set of behaviors. Many have arrived at obtaining amazing results. They however experienced conceptual and implementation limitations. One major issue is that while the human-like higher level capabilities such as intelligence are desired for machine and software, there has been no similar foundation, structural and/or functional, that could be established between the complete range of human levels of organizations and those of a human-made system (machine, software or both). In our previous investigations, we have argued that there is a general parallelism between the concept of software continuum (from bits to business ecosystems) and that of the natural continuum (from particles to natural ecosystems). We claimed that the general parallelism suggests possible mappings between the two continua. The mappings in turn suggest that the processes or mechanisms that work in one continuum can be investigated for applicability to the other continuum. This paper introduces an architecture framework for the creation and development of biologically-inspired intelligent and autonomous software species. The development is bottom-up, i.e. in a fashion similar to the creation, growth and development of a human newborn to acquire intelligent and autonomous behaviors. The development of such as software species is needed for future applications with robust intelligence and robust autonomy in different domains such as business, medical, industrial, governmental and military.
Depth and Breadth Tactics in Support Seeking

Past support-seeking research has examined how much support people seek (strategic level) or the way they seek it (tactical level). However, there are questions that can only be answered by looking at both levels simultaneously. In this article, we investigated how the overall amount of support sought can be decomposed into two component tactics: the number of supporters one seeks (breadth) and the amount one seeks from each supporter (depth). In a 2-week diary study of support seeking, it was found that gender and attachment differences in overall support seeking were driven by the breadth rather than the depth of seeking. It was also found that breadth was associated with increases in perceived support availability, whereas both breadth and depth were associated with increases in self-esteem.
Toward an in vivo neurochemical profile: quantification of 18 metabolites in short-echo-time (1)H NMR spectra of the rat brain.

Localized in vivo (1)H NMR spectroscopy was performed with 2-ms echo time in the rat brain at 9.4 T. Frequency domain analysis with LCModel showed that the in vivo spectra can be explained by 18 metabolite model solution spectra and a highly structured background, which was attributed to resonances with fivefold shorter in vivo T(1) than metabolites. The high spectral resolution (full width at half maximum approximately 0.025 ppm) and sensitivity (signal-to-noise ratio approximately 45 from a 63-microL volume, 512 scans) was used for the simultaneous measurement of the concentrations of metabolites previously difficult to quantify in (1)H spectra. The strongly represented signals of N-acetylaspartate, glutamate, taurine, myo-inositol, creatine, phosphocreatine, glutamine, and lactate were quantified with Cramér-Rao lower bounds below 4%. Choline groups, phosphorylethanolamine, glucose, glutathione, gamma-aminobutyric acid, N-acetylaspartylglutamate, and alanine were below 13%, whereas aspartate and scyllo-inositol were below 22%. Intra-assay variation was assessed from a time series of 3-min spectra, and the coefficient of variation was similar to the calculated Cramér-Rao lower bounds. Interassay variation was determined from 31 pooled spectra, and the coefficient of variation for total creatine was 7%. Tissue concentrations were found to be in very good agreement with neurochemical data from the literature.
AQUEOS: A System for Question Answering over Semantic Data

This paper presents a methodology to automatically answer natural language questions by querying an underlying domain ontology. This methodology is made up of a three-phase process, where the ontological data is firstly read and indexed, the input question is then processed by means of lexical analysis and associated with a specific question type, and finally the corresponding SPARQL queries are generated and executed in order to return the answer to the original question. This process focuses on single-verb phrases in order to guarantee a highest level of precision in providing its answer, and deals with critical lexical aspects like comparatives and superlatives by relying upon language-specific lexicons, nonetheless, it is also able to take into account more complex questions with multiple verbs, provided they meet certain specific criteria. Such a methodology has been implemented in a research prototype and is being currently experimented upon by asking questions either in the English or the Italian language, and could be applied on a number of ontology-driven applications, including advanced help desk support systems, biomedical knowledge bases and intelligent e-learning solutions.
Usable technology? Challenges in designing a memory aid with current electronic devices

Abstract Electronic devices such as personal digital assistants have been used successfully as aids for people with memory problems. However, limitations of currently available technology can create difficulties in the day-to-day use of such devices, particularly for memory impaired and older users. These limitations are discussed in terms of both the software and hardware issues, and are set into the context of challenges raised in the current study, which is to design a new interactive memory aid. It is concluded that a specific, customisable software interface is needed to meet the dynamic requirements of the user groups. This would also go some way to compensate for the hardware limitations until available technology becomes more usable.
Low ionic strength solubility of myosin in sea urchin egg extracts is mediated by a myosin-binding protein

We identify a novel myosin-binding protein, designated 53K, which appears to mediate the low ionic strength solubility of myosin in extracts of unfertilized sea urchin eggs. The protein possesses a subunit molecular mass on SDS-PAGE of 53 kD, an S value of 7, may be organized into disulfide-linked oligomers, and is associated with myosin in egg extracts. Both myosin and 53K co-precipitate from extract upon the addition of nucleoside triphosphates and co-sediment with an S value of 24 by sedimentation velocity centrifugation. Myosin in extracts not associated with 53K has an S value of 10. Further, myosin can be immunoprecipitated from extract with antibody to 53K and the 53K in extracts binds to a myosin affinity column. When extract is depleted of 53K, a majority of the myosin precipitates out of extract in a nucleotide-independent manner. Whereas purified myosin precipitates in the absence of nucleotide when recombined with dialysis buffer or myosin-depleted extract, reconstituting 53K and myosin before addition to buffer or myosin-depleted extract partially restores the low ionic strength solubility demonstrated by myosin in fresh egg extracts. The 53-kD protein may represent a new class of authentic myosin-binding proteins that may regulate the supramolecular organization of myosin in nonmuscle cells.
The Social Impact of Sport: Cross-Cultural Perspectives

1. Introduction: The Social Impact of Sport: Diversities, Complexities and Contexts Ramon Spaaij Part 1: Sport development and social change: intended and unanticipated consequences 2. The Transnational View of Sport and Social Development: The Case of Dominican Baseball Alan Klein 3. The Glue that Holds the Community Together? Sport and Sustainability in Rural Australia Ramon Spaaij Part 2: Empowerment and personal change through sport 4. Sport as a Post-Disaster Psychosocial Intervention in Bam, Iran Valeria Kunz 5. Esther Phiri and the Moutawakel Effect in Zambia: An Analysis of the Use of Female Role Models in Sport-for-Development Marianne Meier and Martha Saavedra 6. Developing through Sport: Evidencing Sport Impacts on Young People Tess Kay Part 3: Sport participation, social inclusion and social change 7. Engaging Sport-for-Development for Social Impact in the South African Context Cora Burnett 8. Participation in Sport: Bonding and Bridging as Identity Work Jeroen Vermeulen and Paul Verweel 9. Race Relations, Indigenous Australia and the Social Impact of Professional Australian Football Chris Hallinan and Barry Judd Part 4: The impact of sport in society: historical and comparative perspectives 10. Social Functions of High School Athletics in the United States: A Historical and Comparative Analysis Ruud Stokvis 11. The social construction and impact of champions Joseph Maguire 12. Epilogue: Personal and Social Change in and through Sport: Cross-Cutting Themes Ramon Spaaij