Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliable and flexible communications for power systems: Fault-tolerant multicast with SDN/OpenFlow

Our work evaluates the use of software-defined networking (SDN) for reliable communication. Reliable communication has become an important topic in many areas, including energy communication networks or, more generally, automation control networks. Electrical grids are developing into smart grids, which depend heavily on reliability, robustness and optimized resource usage. On the other side, the separation of communication and network control proposed by SDN opens new possibilities for reliable and flexible networks. In this work, we show how OpenFlow, the leading SDN framework, could be used to solve the problem of robust multicast better than existing technologies used by substations. Our solution uses the fast-failover groups feature of OpenFlow to provide one-link fault tolerance with little packet loss and can provide routes that use resources efficiently and are less likely to fail. Robust shortest path routing and minimum spanning tree broadcast routing come as special cases. We also show how this solution can be extended to handle more link failures (even an arbitrary number of them) or to provide more efficient routes.
On Obstacle Numbers

The obstacle number is a new graph parameter introduced by Alpert, Koch, and Laison (2010). Mukkamala etal (2012) show that there exist graphs with n vertices having obstacle number in Omega(n/\log n). In this note, we up this lower bound to Omega(n/(\log\log n)^2. Our proof makes use of an upper bound of Mukkamala etal on the number of graphs having obstacle number at most h in such a way that any subsequent improvements to their upper bound will improve our lower bound.
Weir(d) Sex: Representation of Gender-Environment Relations in Peter Weir's Picnic at Hanging Rock and Gallipoli

Soft images of pubescent women scaling the dizzy heights of a massive phallic rock in turn-of-the-century rural Victoria, and young men matching physical prowess in the indomitable Western Australian desert as World War I rages in Europe, provide foci for two of Peter Weir's most successful early films, Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975) and Gallipoli (1981). In both these films the physical landscape is simultaneously integrated with and contrasted to the passions of young men and women. The result is an aesthetic that takes the viewer beyond the immediate narrative to a place where masculinity and femininity find expression. In this paper, transactional and psychoanalytic perspectives are used to interrogate the gender images which are portrayed in both these movies, linking them to some concepts which find currency in ecofeminism. The concern is with the individual struggle between the powerful, complex, and yet less-than-rational forces that are integral to the nature of our individual beings and the rational nature of prevailing societal values that supposedly provide us with guidance. A dynamic theory of contemporary film is implicit in our discussion of “images in motion over time through space with sequence”. These elements—along with an overlay of shape, size, scale, color, sound, and light—arc the cues that provide meaning for Weir's portrayal of wo/man-in-environmcnt relations. Suggested in this paper is a broader narrative which speaks to a postmodern sexual order and its representations in social theory and contemporary cinema. Crucial questions are raised regarding the ways that cultural identity is grounded in class and gender.
Keyword-aware Optimal Route Search

Identifying a preferable route is an important problem that finds applications in map services. When a user plans a trip within a city, the user may want to find "a most popular route such that it passes by shopping mall, restaurant, and pub, and the travel time to and from his hotel is within 4 hours. " However, none of the algorithms in the existing work on route planning can be used to answer such queries. Motivated by this, we define the problem of keyword-aware optimal route query, denoted by KOR, which is to find an optimal route such that it covers a set of user-specified keywords, a specified budget constraint is satisfied, and an objective score of the route is optimal. The problem of answering KOR queries is NP-hard. We devise an approximation algorithm OSScaling with provable approximation bounds. Based on this algorithm, another more efficient approximation algorithm BucketBound is proposed. We also design a greedy approximation algorithm. Results of empirical studies show that all the proposed algorithms are capable of answering KOR queries efficiently, while the BucketBound and Greedy algorithms run faster. The empirical studies also offer insight into the accuracy of the proposed algorithms.
Finding Experts on Facebook Communities: Who Knows More?

Online communities have become important places for users to share information. In this context, the work described in this article aims to analyze computational methods that could allow us to identify users with the highest expertise levels on a specific knowledge domain in an online community. In this study the authots extracted data from a Java discussion group from an online community-Facebook, captured some important information and represented the community as a graph. Then, the authors compared the Bow-tie structure of this community with the ones from the Web and from a forum that are described in the literature. In addition, the authors tested some graph metrics and algorithms in order to analyze if they could provide a method to find the experts in this online community. The results show that four of the tested metrics can indicate if a user is an expert or not.
The Development of Text-Mining Tools and Algorithms

This paper describes the first version of the TextMOLE (Text Mining Operations Library and Environment) system for textual data mining. Currently TextMOLE acts much like an advanced search engine: it parses a data set, extracts relevant terms, and allows the user to run queries against the data. The system design is open-ended, robust, and flexible. The tool is designed as a utility for quickly analyzing a corpus of documents and determining which parameters will provide maximal retrieval performance. Thus an instructor can use the tool to demonstrate artificial intelligence concepts in the classroom, or use the tool to encourage hands on exploration of the concepts often covered in an introductory course in information retrieval or artificial intelligence. Reseachers will find the tool useful when a ’quick and dirty’ analysis of a unfamiliar collection is required. In addition to discussion of TextMOLE, this paper describes an algorithm that uses TextMOLE as a platform for testing and implementing. The most common retrieval systems run queries independently of one another — no data about the queries is retained from query to query. This paper describes an unsupervised learning algorithm that uses information about previous queries to prune new query results. The algorithm has two distinct phases. The first trains on a batch of queries; in doing so, it learns about the collection and the relationship between its documents. It stores this information in a document-bydocument matrix. The second phase uses the accumulated knowledge to prune query results. Documents are removed from query results based on their learned relationship to documents at the top of the results list. The algorithm can be fine-tuned to be very aggressive or more conservative in its pruning. This algorithm produced increased relevancy of the results and significantly reduces the size of the results list.
Association Between Extracellular Matrix Expansion Quantified by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Short-Term Mortality

Background— Extracellular matrix expansion may be a fundamental feature of adverse myocardial remodeling, it appears to be treatable, and its measurement may improve risk stratification. Yet, the relationship between mortality and extracellular matrix is not clear because of difficulties with its measurement. To assess its relationship with outcomes, we used novel, validated cardiovascular magnetic resonance techniques to quantify the full spectrum of extracellular matrix expansion not readily detectable by conventional cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Methods and Results— We recruited 793 consecutive patients at the time of cardiovascular magnetic resonance without amyloidosis or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as well as 9 healthy volunteers (ages 20–50 years). We measured the extracellular volume fraction (ECV) to quantify the extracellular matrix expansion in myocardium without myocardial infarction. ECV uses gadolinium contrast as an extracellular space marker based on T1 measures of blood and myocardium pre— and post–gadolinium contrast and hematocrit measurement. In volunteers, ECV ranged from 21.7% to 26.2%, but in patients it ranged from 21.0% to 45.8%, indicating considerable burden. There were 39 deaths over a median follow-up of 0.8 years (interquartile range 0.5–1.2 years), and 43 individuals who experienced the composite end point of death/cardiac transplant/left ventricular assist device implantation. In Cox regression models, ECV related to all-cause mortality and the composite end point (hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–1.88 and hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.23–1.78, respectively, for every 3% increase in ECV), adjusting for age, left ventricular ejection fraction, and myocardial infarction size. Conclusions— ECV measures of extracellular matrix expansion may predict mortality as well as other composite end points (death/cardiac transplant/left ventricular assist device implantation).
Production of intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters

The discovery of numerous non-nuclear X-ray point sources with luminosities L>1039 erg s−1 in several starburst galaxies has stimulated speculation about their nature and origin. The strong variability seen in several sources points to massive black holes as the central engines. If the flux is isotropic, the luminosities range up to ≈1041 erg s−1, implying masses of M≳103 M⊙ if the luminosity is sub-Eddington. Here we explore a model for these sources. We suggest that in some tens of per cent of globular clusters a very massive black hole, M≳50 M⊙, is formed. This black hole sinks in ≲106 yr to the centre of the cluster, where in the ∼1010 yr lifetime of the cluster it accretes ∼103 M⊙, primarily in the form of lighter black holes. Unlike less-massive black holes in binaries, which are flung from clusters by recoil before they can merge gravitationally, a ≳50 M⊙ black hole has enough inertia that it remains bound to the cluster. We suggest that ∼103 M⊙ black holes may be common in the centres of dense globular clusters, and may therefore exist in some tens of per cent of current globulars. If the cluster later merges with its host galaxy, accretion from young star clusters in molecular clouds by the black hole can generate luminosity consistent with that observed. We also consider the detectability of massive black holes in globular clusters with gravitational wave detectors, and speculate on future observations that may test our predictions.
Characteristics and Properties of Cellulose Nanofibers Prepared by TEMPO Oxidation of Corn Husk

This paper describes preparation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) mediated oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNs) from corn husk. The process adopted for this work included alkaline treatment, TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO-mediated oxidation, and homogenization. The morphological investigation of TOCNs was performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chemical composition and structure of the material obtained after each stage of the treatments was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The thermal stability of the samples was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The obtained TOCNs possessed a narrow width, ranging from 8 to 10 nm, and a high aspect ratio (> 300). The crystallinity type of TOCNs was found to be cellulose-Iβ. Compared with the original fibers, the crystallinity of TOCNs gradually increased because of the removal of hemicellulose and lignin, while the thermal stability decreased.
Global civil society or ‘networked globality’: beyond the territorialist and societalist paradigm

The concept of global civil society (GCS) is central to treatments of globalization and to depictions of a contested globality. This article offers a novel critique of the concept and its value for a critical social science of globalization. It argues that received notions of GCS are rooted in territorialist and societalist paradigms of the social and should not be used to subvent an account of globalization located in the dynamics of trans and even post-societal and post-national connections and the kind of world they intimate. GCS and variants such as cosmopolitanism are examined to evaluate whether they can provide a way of bridging the gap between territorialist and societalist assumptions about the organization of the social and the increasingly post-societal and post-territorial nature of the world. The aim is to avoid the inviting, but ultimately misleading sleight of hand through which GCS is revealed as the boundary-less equivalent of civil society, but with all the normative and aesthetic baggag.
Effects of interferon-gamma on bone remodeling during experimental tooth movement.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly categorized into five groups. IFN-gamma was administered in three different doses (0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 microg/20 microL) and the remaining two groups served as control. Mandibular first molars were moved mesially by means of Ni-Ti closed coil springs in all groups. The results were evaluated histomorphometrically, and parameters of trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular bone number (Tr.N), and trabecular separation (Tr.Sep) were observed at the interradicular bone area of the mandibular first molars. RESULTS Increases in BV/TV and Tr.N and decreases in Tr.Sep revealed the antiosteoclastic activity of IFN-gamma. CONCLUSION IFN-gamma administration may be useful clinically for anchorage control.
Lens Antennas – Analysis and Synthesis at mm-waves

In this paper short introduction in dielectric lens antennas at mm-waves will be given. Dielectric lens antennas become more popular as applications start to migrate to higher frequencies where lens dimensions and weight become small enough and allow easy integration. Typically used feeds and lens shapes will be discussed together with global optimization techniques and analyzing kernels employed for lens antenna optimizations and synthesis with special emphasis to methods used by the author. Finally some remarks regarding lens production
Varenicline to stop long-term nicotine replacement use: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the effect of varenicline in combination with counseling to assist long-term nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) users to quit NRT. METHODS This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of varenicline or placebo for 12 weeks, with 52-week follow-up, performed in 1 hospital-based smoking cessation specialist clinic. At the first visit, 139 ex-smokers and long-term NRT users were allocated to treatment according to a computer-generated list with random numbers. Visits were scheduled at Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 52. At each visit, nurse-led counseling was delivered, carbon monoxide in expired air, plasma cotinine, and body weight were assessed, and subjects were asked about craving, nausea, and dreams. The primary outcome was 12-week point prevalence quit rate (PPR) of nicotine replacement therapy use. RESULTS At all time points, the PPR was superior for varenicline versus placebo, although the difference was only statistically significant at 12 and 36 weeks. The PPR was 64.3% (varenicline) versus 40.6% (placebo) at 12 weeks (p = .006), and 42.9% (varenicline) versus 36.2% (placebo) at 52 weeks (NS). The continuous abstinence rate from Week 9 to Week 12 was 48.6 % (varenicline) versus 30.4 % (placebo) (p = .03). Withdrawal symptoms were statistically significantly lower in the varenicline group than the placebo group. CONCLUSION Varenicline for 12 weeks combined with supportive visits was superior to placebo to get long-term NRT users to quit NRT. A larger study is needed to evaluate long-term efficacy.
Assessing Ethnicity

The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which indicators on the language and literacy and mathematical thinking domains of a curriculum-embedded performance assessment functioned differently for urban, African American and White male students. A sample of 852 first-grade male students in a large urban school district, located in the southeastern part of the United States, was included in the study. An ordinal logistic regression procedure was used to investigate differential item functioning for indicators on the domains. Results showed differences in the average ratings of African American and White male students on 25 of the 26 indicators. However, the indicators did not function differently for the ethnicity groups when students were matched on ability level.
Genotype–phenotype correlation between the polymorphic UGT2B17 gene deletion and NNAL glucuronidation activities in human liver microsomes

The nicotine-derived tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), is one of the most potent and abundant procarcinogens found in tobacco and tobacco smoke, and glucuronidation of its major metabolite, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), is an important mechanism for NNK detoxification. In cigarette smokers and tobacco chewers, there is a wide variation in the urinary levels of the ratio of NNAL to NNAL glucuronide (NNAL-Gluc). To determine whether genetic variation plays a potential role in this inter-individual variability, NNAL-glucuronidating activities were analysed in a series of human liver microsomal specimens and compared with UGT2B17 deletion genotypes in the same subjects. Assays performed in vitro demonstrated that over-expressed UGT2B17 exhibits high O-glucuronidating activity against NNAL. When stratifying subjects by UGT2B17 genotype, a significant or near-significant decrease in NNAL-O-Gluc formation was observed in liver microsomes from individuals who were either heterozygous [(+/0), P=0.07] or homozygous [(0/0), P=0.016] for the UGT2B17 deletion compared to liver microsomes from individuals with intact UGT2B17 alleles [(+/+)]. There was a significant (P<0.01) association between the level of liver microsomal NNAL-O-glucuronide formation and increasing numbers of the UGT2B17 null alleles in the liver microsomal specimens examined in this study, and a significant decrease in NNAL-O-Gluc formation was observed when comparing liver microsomes from individuals who had at least one UGT2B17 allele deleted [(+/0)+(0/0)] versus microsomes from UGT2B17 (+/+) subjects (P=0.004). When stratifying by the median value of NNAL-O-Gluc formation activity, a significantly (P=0.015) higher number of subjects with liver microsomes having low NNAL-O-Gluc formation activity contained the UGT2B17 null genotype compared to subjects with liver microsomes exhibiting high NNAL-O-Gluc formation activity. When stratifying by UGT2B7/UGT2B17 haplotypes, the association between the level of liver microsomal NNAL-O-glucuronide formation and increasing numbers of the UGT2B17 null allele was at the level of statistical significance for subjects with the UGT2B7 (*1/*2) (P=0.05) or UGT2B7 (*2/*2) (P<0.02) genotypes. These data suggest that the UGT2B17 deletion polymorphism is associated with a reduced rate of NNAL detoxification in vivo and may increase individual susceptibility to tobacco-related cancers.
Small Volume-Fraction Limit of the Diblock Copolymer Problem: II. Diffuse-Interface Functional

We present the second of two articles on the small volume fraction limit of a nonlocal Cahn-Hilliard functional introduced to model microphase separation of diblock copolymers. After having established the results for the sharp-interface version of the functional ([8]), we consider here the full diffuse-interface functional and address the limit in which e and the volume fraction tend to zero but the number of minority phases (called particles) remains O(1). Using the language of G-convergence, we focus on two levels of this convergence, and derive first- and second-order effective energies, whose energy landscapes are simpler and more transparent. These limiting energies are only finite on weighted sums of delta functions, corresponding to the concentration of mass into 'point particles'. At the highest level, the effective energy is entirely local and contains information about the size of each particle but no information about their spatial distribution. At the next level we encounter a Coulomb-like interaction between the particles, which is responsible for the pattern formation. We present the results in three dimensions and comment on their two-dimensional analogues.
Genital Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 in Women from Natal, Brazil

Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in pregnant and nonpregnant women, testing the correlation between DNA of the viruses with colposcopic and/or cytological changes, and evaluate association with sociodemographic characteristics and sexual activity. Methods. Included in this study were 106 pregnant and 130 nonpregnant women treated at primary health care units of Natal, Brazil, in the period 2010-2011. The patients were examined by colposcopy, and two cervical specimens were collected: one for cytology examination and another for analysis by PCR for detection of HSV-1 and HSV-2. Results. HSV-1 alone was detected in 16.0% of pregnant and 30.0% of nonpregnant women. For HSV-2, these rates were 12.3% and 15.5%, respectively. HSV-2 had a higher correlation with cytology and/or colposcopy changes than HSV-1 did. Genital HSV-1 infection was not associated with any of the variables tested, whereas HSV-2 infection was associated with ethnicity, marital status, and number of sexual partners. Conclusions. The prevalence of HSV-1 was higher than that observed for HSV-2 in both pregnant and nonpregnant women. The genital infection by HSV-2 was higher in women with changed colposcopy and/or cytology, and it was associated with ethnicity, marital status, and number of sexual partners.