Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing human and machine vowel classification

In this study we compare human ability to identify vowels with a machine learning approach. A perception experiment for 14 Hungarian vowels in isolation and embedded in a carrier word was accomplished, and a C4.5 decision tree was trained on the same material. A comparison between the identification results of the subjects and the classifier showed that in three of four conditions (isolated vowel quantity and identity, embedded vowel identity) the performance of the classifier was superior and in one condition (embedded vowel quantity) equal to the subjects’ performance. This outcome can be explained by perceptual limits of the subjects and by stimulus properties. The classifier’s performance was significantly weakened by replacing the continuous spectral information by binary 3-Bark thresholds as proposed in phonetic literature [8]. Parts of the resulting decision trees can be interpreted phonetically, which could qualify this classifier as a tool for phonetic research.
Adaptive fuzzy formation control for a nonholonomic robotic swarm

In this paper, artificial potential functions are used to design the formation control input for kinematic model of the robots and matrix manipulations are used to transform nonholonomic model of a differentially driven vehicle into equivalent holonomic one. The advantages of the proposed controller can be listed as robustness to input nonlinearity, external disturbances, model uncertainties and measurement noises. Simulation results are demonstrated for a swarm formation problem of a group of six unicycles, illustrating the effective attenuation of approximation error.
Adaptive hysteresis current controlled Shunt Active Power Filter for power quality enhancement

Wide spread use of power electronic devices in the present scenario has led to severe harmonic pollution, affecting the quality of power. The main focus of this article is to investigate the effects of adaptive control on the switching frequency and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the Grid Interactive Inverter in a Shunt Active Power Filter. Reference current generation is done using synchronous reference frame based algorithm. Drawback of variable switching frequency in conventional hysteresis controller is overcome by adaptive control which maintains the instantaneous switching frequency low and nearly constant. Adaptive control optimizes the switching frequency of the inverter and the Total Harmonic Distortion of source current maintaining it within the limits specified by the standards. This facilitates reduction in switching losses which would have increased if high switching frequencies were used for the inverter of the shunt active power filter.
VNM: A Novel Method to Reduce the Overhead of Program Instrumentation

In this paper, an improved method of Super Block Method (SBM) is presented for software testing. The primary idea of the method, called virtual node method (VNM), is to add virtual nodes to the control flow before the SBM is used. The same with the SBM, the VNM can help testers use minimal test cases to cover 100% blocks or achieve a desired coverage. Moreover, it can be used to reduce the overhead of program instrumentation for coverage testing by reducing the redundancies in the SBM. Essentially, the total overhead of program instrumentation is reduced not only by inserting fewer probes, which is realized by the SBM, but also by inserting the probes among the codes that are less likely to be executed. The experimental results show that the overhead of program instrumentation is further reduced by the VNM compared with the SBM.
Multi-Step Switching Methods for SAR ADCs

This paper presents multi-step capacitor switching methods for SAR ADCs based on precharge with floating capacitors and charge sharing. The proposed switching methods further reduce the transient power of the split monotonic switching method (an improved version of the monotonic switching method). Compared to the split monotonic switching, adding charge sharing achieves around 50% reduction in switching power. Using precharge with floating capacitors and charge sharing simultaneously, the switching power reduces around 75%. The proposed switching methods do not require additional intermediate reference voltages.
How to Make Best Use of Evolutionary Learning

Evolutionary learning has been developing rapidly in the last decade. It is a powerful and general learning approach which has been used successfully in both symbolic systems, artiicial neural networks. However , most evolutionary learning systems have paid little attention to the fact that they are population-based learning. The common practice is to select the best individual in the last generation as the nal learned system. Such practice in essence treats these learning systems as optimisation ones. This paper emphasises the diierence between a learning system and an optimisation one, and shows that such diierence requires a diierent approach to population-based learning and that the current practice of selecting the best individual as the learned system is not the best choice. The paper then argues that a population contains more information than the best individual and thus should be used as the nal learned system. Two examples are presented in this paper to show that even some simple methods which make full use of a population can improve the performance of a learned system greatly. The rst example is in the subsymbolic domain of artiicial neural networks. The second example is in the symbolic domain of rule-based systems.
Rate-Delay Enhanced Multipath Transmission Scheme via Network Coding in Multihop Networks

Distinct from the existing rate-reliability results, a novel multipath transmission scheme is proposed to enhance the rate-delay performance in multihop networks by employing network coding at the source. This scheme provides new rate-delay tradeoffs with fine granularity for rate maximization and is adaptive to quality-of-service (QoS) requirements.
Technology use within meetings: a generational perspective

Purpose This paper aims to examine generational formative referents as factors that influence meeting attendees’ adoption and technology use within virtual and hybrid meetings, and test the applicability of the technology acceptance model (TAM) as presented by Davis (1986). This study investigates how attendees’ experiences from their respective formative years (i.e. generational formative referents), the basis of the Generational Cohort Theory (GCT), influence the TAM model constructs. Design/methodology/approach A partial least squares analysis test is utilized to determine technology acceptance within meetings across three generations: Baby Boomers (1946-1964), Generation X (1965-1978) and Generation Y (1979-2000). Findings The multi-group comparison determined all three generations responded similarly with regard to the paths being tested, indicating each of the three generational cohorts within this study are influenced by the experiences of their formative years, which are different for each generation. Research limitations/implications The findings add to the limited foundation for scholars wanting to further analyze technology use within meetings, and for those interested in generational influences. Practical implications This study provides useful information for marketers and planners to increase meeting attendance, enhance attendee satisfaction, and further explore meeting engagement opportunities. Originality/value Underpinning the GCT, this study is the first within hospitality and tourism studies to investigate a theoretical model on generational technology use within meetings.
New Globally Asymptotic Stability Criteria for Delayed Cellular Neural Networks

This brief is concerned with the stability analysis for cellular neural networks with time-varying delays. First, an appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is introduced to form some new delay-dependent stability conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Quite differently, these stability criteria are derived by using the convex combination property, which equivalently converts the original LMI containing a convex combination on the time-varying delay into two boundary LMIs. Second, this newly proposed approach is then extended to a class of uncertain neural networks with time-varying delays, from which new delay-dependent robust stability criteria are formulated. Finally, two numerical examples are given to show that the proposed criteria are of much less conservatism than the existing ones in the literature.
Isolated handwriting recognition via multi-stage Support Vector Machines

Since isolated letter handwriting recognition is an essential step for online hand writing recognition, we present in this paper an efficient and writer independent isolated letter handwriting recognition system using pen trajectory modeling for feature extraction and a multi-stage Support Vector Machines (SVM) for classification. Inheriting the good discriminating ability of SVM while modeling sequential data, this hierarchical approach shows using 4 fold validation an average accuracy of 91.8% on the UJIpenchars database that consists of a collection of 1144 isolated letters written by 11 different writers. To the best of our knowledge, the best recognition rate achieved on this database is 89.15% using Dynamic Time Wrapping and 3 nearest neighbor classifier.
Irreducible representations of diperiodic groups

The irreducible representations of all of the 80 diperiodic groups, being the symmetries of the systems translationally periodical in two directions, are calculated. To this end, each of these groups is factorized as the product of a generalized translational group and an axial point group. The results are presented in the form of the tables, containing the matrices of the irreducible representations of the generators of the groups. General properties and some physical applications (degeneracy and topology of the energy bands, selection rules, etc) are discussed.
Cylindrospermopsin Biodegradation Abilities of Aeromonas sp. Isolated from Rusałka Lake

The occurrence of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) in freshwater reservoirs is a common phenomenon. However, the biodegradation of this toxin in environmental samples has been observed only occasionally. In this work the biodegradation ability of cylindrospermopsin was investigated based on isolates from lakes with previous cyanotoxin history. Bacterial strains were identified based on the 16S rDNA and rpoD gene comparison. CYN biodegradation was monitored using the HPLC method. The R6 strain identified as Aeromonas sp. was documented as being capable of CYN removal. This biodegradation was dependent on the pH and temperature. Additionally, the stimulation of the growth of the R6 strain in the presence of CYN was indicated. Our discovery supports the hypothesis that (in analogy to the well-known phenomenon of microcystin biodegradation) in lakes dominated by potential CYN-producing cyanobacteria, the processes of microbial utilization of this toxin may occur.
Two aspects in lossy compression of hypespectral aviris images

Hyperspectral images formed by AVIRIS imager are often compressed for data transmission and storage. For this purpose, both lossless and lossy compression methods can be used, but the latter are able to provide considerably larger compression ratios. Lossy compression can be done effectively in automatic manner with grouping of sub-bands and setting the quantization step depending upon estimates of noise variance for sub-band images. In this paper we show how to select this quantization step for each group of sub-bands with providing a proper trade-off between losses (distortions) introduced and attainable compression ratio for simple and more realistic models of noise.
Rotated and scaled alamouti coding

Repetition-based retransmission is used in Alamouti-modulation [1998] for 2 times 2 MIMO systems. We propose to use instead of ordinary repetition so-called dasiascaled repetitionpsila together with rotation. It is shown that the rotated and scaled Alamouti code has a hard-decision performance which is only slightly worse than that of the Golden code [2005], the best known 2 times 2 space-time code. Decoding the Golden code requires an exhaustive search over all the codewords (or sphere decoding for higher spectral efficiencies), while our rotated and scaled Alamouti code can be decoded with an acceptable complexity.
Introduction Lack of associations between XPC polymorphisms and colorectal cancer : a meta-analysis

(Lys939Gln and Ala499Val) and the susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) have been studied by several researchers, but the results were inconclusive. To get a more precise estimation of the relationships, we conducted this meta-analysis. Methods: A total of 9 case-control studies, including 3679 cases and 33551 controls for Lys939Gln and 1327 cases and 30438 controls for Ala499Val, were selected. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association in the additive, dominant and recessive models. Results: When all the studies were pooled into the meta-analysis, no evidence showing a significant association between XPC polymorphisms and CRC risk was noticed. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity and study design, no significant association was also found.
Future abrupt reductions in the summer Arctic sea ice

We examine the trajectory of Arctic summer sea ice in seven projections from the Community Climate System Model and find that abrupt reductions are a common feature of these 21st century simulations. These events have decreasing September ice extent trends that are typically 4 times larger than comparable observed trends. One event exhibits a decrease from 6 million km2 to 2 million km2 in a decade, reaching near ice‐free September conditions by 2040. In the simulations, ice retreat accelerates as thinning increases the open water formation efficiency for a given melt rate and the ice‐albedo feedback increases shortwave absorption. The retreat is abrupt when ocean heat transport to the Arctic is rapidly increasing. Analysis from multiple climate models and three forcing scenarios indicates that abrupt reductions occur in simulations from over 50% of the models and suggests that reductions in future greenhouse gas emissions moderate the likelihood of these events.
Study on objective quality measurement for medical ultrasonic echo image compression

the purpose of this paper is to find an objective criterion that can correlate well with subjective assessment. Then, this criterion can train young ultrasonographers for practical diagnosis. Subjective assessment was proposed to medical experts, the comparison of objective quality is referred into diagnosis of twelve ultrasonographers[4]. A number of objective quality measurements are evaluated for medical ultrasonic echo image compression. It is shown that although some numerical measurement correlates with observers' response, they are not reliable for all testing images. For female breast image, it is difficult to select the measurement, becuase the relationship between objective quality and ultrasonographers is fluctuation. Hence, determination of the consistency is need, the results show that contrast comparison measurement can correlate with ultrasonographers. Therefore, this measurement is high potential to evaluate image quality for medical ultrasonic echo image compression.
Estimation of Normal Mixtures in a Nested Error Model with an Application to Small Area Estimation of Poverty and Inequality

This paper proposes a method for estimating distribution functions that are associated with the nested errors in linear mixed models. The estimator incorporates Empirical Bayes prediction while making minimal assumptions about the shape of the error distributions. The application presented in this paper is the small area estimation of poverty and inequality, although this denotes by no means the only application. Monte-Carlo simulations show that estimates of poverty and inequality can be severely biased when the non-normality of the errors is ignored. The bias can be as high as 2 to 3 percent on a poverty rate of 20 to 30 percent. Most of this bias is resolved when using the proposed estimator. The approach is applicable to both survey-to-census and survey-to-survey prediction.
Root-surface colonization of black mangrove seedlings by Azospirillum halopraeferens and Azospirillu

Inoculation of axenic black mangrove seedlings in seawater for 8 days with either the terrestrial halotolerant plant growthpromoting bacterium Azospirillum halopraeferens or with Azospirillum brasilense produced heavy colonization of the root surface. The colonization pattern was different for the two strains. A. halopraeferens yielded mainly single cells embedded in a thick sheath, whereas A. brasilense produced primarily microaggregates. A. brasilense cells were anchored to the root surfaces and to themselves by a network of fibrillar material. Both bacterial strains survived in seawater (approximately 10 4 colony forming units per ml) for more than 30 days, for 70 days in saline water (A. brasilense) and colonized mangrove roots at a very high population density. A. halopraeferens was a better root surface colonizer, whereas the A. brasilense population was greater in the entire root. This work is the initial stage of studies designed to assess the feasibility of using terrestrial plant growthpromoting bacteria for the inoculation of marine plants. fl 1999 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Lower bounds for linear satisfiability problems

We prove an Ω(ndr/2e) lower bound for the following problem: For some fixed linear equation in r variables, given n real numbers, do any r of them satisfy the equation? Our lower bound holds in a restricted linear decision tree model, in which each decision is based on the sign of an arbitrary linear combination of r or fewer inputs. In this model, our lower bound is as large as possible. Previously, this lower bound was known only for a few special cases and only in more specialized models of computation. Our lower bound follows from an adversary argument. We show that for any algorithm, there is a input that contains Ω(ndr/2e) “critical” r-tuples, which have the following important property. None of the critical tuples satisfies the equation; however, if the algorithm does not directly test each critical tuple, then the adversary can modify the input, in a way that is undetectable to the algorithm, so that some untested tuple does satisfy the equation. A key step in the proof is the introduction of formal infinitesimals into the adversary input. A theorem of Tarski implies that if we can construct a single input containing infinitesimals that is hard for every algorithm, then for every decision tree algorithm there exists a corresponding real-valued input which is hard for that algorithm. An extended abstract of this paper can be found in [Eri95].
PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF ALCOHOLICS DROPPING OUT OF TREATMENT

SUMMARY Twenty seven male alcoholics were prospectively studied to find out the characteristics of those who drop out soon after discharge from the hospital. Seven persons, failed to make a single visit over a six-month period, and were termed ‘dropouts’. On admission, after detoxification, all 27 patients were individually administered, the following tests: (1) Bhatia's Performance Test of Intelligence (2) Multiphasic Questionnaire (3) Internal–External Locus of Control Scale and (4) 16 P. F. Questionnaire (Form C). Dropouts did not differ from the completers on any of the socio-demographic or clinical variables. Two personality characteristics significantly differentiated the dropouts from the completers.
Direct observation of the ice rule in an artificial kagome spin ice

Recently, significant interest has emerged in fabricated systems that mimic the behavior of geometrically frustrated materials. We present the full realization of such an artificial spin ice system on a two-dimensional kagome lattice and we demonstrate rigid adherence to the local ice rule by directly counting individual pseudospins. The resulting spin configurations show not only local ice rules and long-range disorder, but also correlations consistent with spin ice Monte Carlo calculations. Our results suggest that dipolar corrections are significant in this system, as in pyrochlore spin ice, and that they open a door to further studies of frustration in general.
Gauge theory RG flows from a warped resolved orbifold

We study gauge-string duality of D3-branes localized at a point on the resolution of the ALE orbifold 3/3. By explicitly solving for the warp factor, we demonstrate the holographic RG flow from AdS5 × S5/3 (far away from the resolution) to the usual AdS5 × S5 (close to the stack). On the gauge theory side, this maps to the flow between the quiver gauge theory and = 4 super Yang-Mills. We present two possible scenarios for this RG flow depending on the choice of the VEVs. In particular, one of the scenarios proceeds by two steps involving both Higgsing and confinement.
Millimagnitude Photometry for Transiting Extrasolar Planetary Candidates. IV. Solution to the Puzzle of the Extremely Red OGLE-TR-82 Primary

We present precise new V-, I-, and Ks-band photometry for the planetary-transit candidate star OGLE-TR-82. V-band images acquired in good seeing with the VIMOS instrument at the Very Large Telescope allowed us to measure V = 20.61 ± 0.03 mag for this star despite the presence of a brighter neighbor about 1'' away. This faint magnitude answers the question why it has not been possible to measure radial velocities for this object. One transit of this star has been observed with the GMOS-S instrument on Gemini South in the i and g bands, which allowed us to verify that this is not a false positive, to confirm the transit amplitude measured by OGLE, and to improve the ephemeris. The transit is better defined in the i-band light curve (with a depth of Ai = 0.034 mag), than in the g band (Ag = 0.1 mag), in which the star is significantly fainter. Near-IR photometry obtained with the SOFI array at the ESO New Technology Telescope yields K = 12.20 ± 0.10 and V-K = 8.40 ± 0.10, so red that it is unlike any transit candidate studied before. With the new data, we consider two possible configurations for the system: (1) a nearby M7 V star or (2) a blend with a very reddened, distant red giant. The first hypothesis would give a radius for the companion of Rp = 0.3 ± 0.1 RJ, i.e., the size of Neptune. Quantitative analysis of near-IR spectroscopy finally shows that OGLE-TR-82 is a distant, reddened, metal-poor early K giant, confirmed by direct comparison with stellar templates, which gives as a best match a K3 III star. Therefore, we rule out a planetary nature for the companion, and conclude that this system is a main-sequence binary blended with a background red giant. As a case study, a system that can so mimic a planetary transit presents a lesson for future transit surveys.