Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A complex of Arabidopsis DRB proteins can impair dsRNA processing

Small RNAs play an important role in regulating gene expression through transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing. Biogenesis of small RNAs from longer double-stranded (ds) RNA requires the activity of dicer-like ribonucleases (DCLs), which in plants are aided by dsRNA binding proteins (DRBs). To gain insight into this pathway in the model plant Arabidopsis, we searched for interactors of DRB4 by immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry-based fingerprinting and discovered DRB7.1. This interaction, verified by reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation, colocalizes with markers of cytoplasmic siRNA bodies and nuclear dicing bodies. In vitro experiments using tobacco BY-2 cell lysate (BYL) revealed that the complex of DRB7.1/DRB4 impairs cleavage of diverse dsRNA substrates into 24-nucleotide (nt) small interfering (si) RNAs, an action performed by DCL3. DRB7.1 also negates the action of DRB4 in enhancing accumulation of 21-nt siRNAs produced by DCL4. Overexpression of DRB7.1 in Arabidopsis altered accumulation of siRNAs in a manner reminiscent of drb4 mutant plants, suggesting that DRB7.1 can antagonize the function of DRB4 in siRNA accumulation in vivo as well as in vitro. Specifically, enhanced accumulation of siRNAs from an endogenous inverted repeat correlated with enhanced DNA methylation, suggesting a biological impact for DRB7.1 in regulating epigenetic marks. We further demonstrate that RNase three-like (RTL) proteins RTL1 and RTL2 cleave dsRNA when expressed in BYL, and that this activity is impaired by DRB7.1/DRB4. Investigating the DRB7.1–DRB4 interaction thus revealed that a complex of DRB proteins can antagonize, rather than promote, RNase III activity and production of siRNAs in plants.
PSBS: Practical Size-Based Scheduling

Size-based schedulers have very desirable performance properties: optimal or near-optimal response time can be coupled with strong fairness. Despite this, however, such systems are rarely implemented in practical settings, because they require knowing a priori the amount of work needed to complete jobs: this assumption is difficult to satisfy in concrete systems. It is definitely more likely to inform the system with an estimate of the job sizes, but existing studies point to somewhat pessimistic results if size-based policies use imprecise job size estimations. We take the goal of designing scheduling policies that explicitly deal with inexact job sizes. First, we prove that, in the absence of errors, it is always possible to improve any scheduling policy by designing a size-based one that dominates it: in the new policy, no jobs will complete later than in the original one. Unfortunately, size-based schedulers can perform badly with inexact job size information when job sizes are heavily skewed; we show that this issue, and the pessimistic results shown in the literature, are due to problematic behavior when large jobs are underestimated. Once the problem is identified, it is possible to amend size-based schedulers to solve the issue. We generalize FSP-a fair and efficient size-based scheduling policy-to solve the problem highlighted above; in addition, our solution deals with different job weights (that can be assigned to a job independently from its size). We provide an efficient implementation of the resulting protocol, which we call Practical Size-Based Scheduler (PSBS). Through simulations evaluated on synthetic and real workloads, we show that PSBS has near-optimal performance in a large variety of cases with inaccurate size information, that it performs fairly and that it handles job weights correctly. We believe that this work shows that PSBS is indeed pratical, and we maintain that it could inspire the design of schedulers in a wide array of real-world use cases.
Fault Tolerant Learning for Neural Networks: Survey, Framework and Future Work

While conventional learning theory focus on training a neural network to attain good generalization, fault tolerant learning aims at training a neural network to attain acceptable generalization even if network fault might appear in the future. This paper presents an extensive survey on the previous work done on fault tolerant learning. Those analytical works that have been reported in the literature and those algorithms that have been proposed to deal with weight noise or node fault will be elucidated. Furthermore, an objective function based framework for fault tolerant learning is proposed. Future work along the direction is presented.
Illness perceptions in depersonalization disorder: testing an illness attribution model

Depersonalization disorder (DPD) remains poorly understood and controversial in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Little is known about the cognitive representation of this disorder. In this study, 80 participants with DPD were assessed using the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire to determine the nature of their perceptions, causal attributions and whether these correlate with levels of depersonalization and affect. Illness perceptions were generally negative; the nature of symptoms was described as mainly psychological but causal attributions were equally divided between psychological and physical. Over half of the sample believed that symptoms were due to physical changes in the brain. A strong illness identity, psychological illness attributions and high levels of depression were associated with greater depersonalization disorder severity. High levels of anxiety were also prevalent but the relationship between anxiety and depersonalization was unclear. The findings offer some support for a cognitive model of understanding depersonalization disorder, namely that attribution processes are linked to perceived symptom severity and a wide range of experiences come to be seen as part of the disorder.
Poly[[hexaaquabis(μ3-pyrimidine-4,6-dicarboxylato)dicalcium] dihydrate]

The polymeric structure of the title compound, {[Ca2(C6H2N2O4)2(H2O)6]·2H2O}n, is built up of molecular layers composed of CaII ions bridged by both ligand N and O atoms with one of the O atoms being bis-monodentate. Two adjacent CaII ions are bridged by these O atoms, forming a centrosymmetric dimer which is the building unit of the structure. The dimers are nodes of a cross-linked molecular layer parallel to (101). The CaII ion is coordinated by two bidentate ligands, one monodentate ligand and three water molecules in the form of a distorted polyhedron with a coordination number of eight. Solvate water molecules located between adjacent layers participate as donors and acceptors in a system of hydrogen bonds in which coordinating water molecules also act as donors and non-coordinating carboxylate O atoms act as acceptors.
"How-to" Questions Answering Using Relations-based Summarization

The problem considered in this paper relates to searching for "How-to" question answers and identifying the main semantic part in the answers found. We propose a "bag-of-relations" method for document summarization. This approach consists in identifying sentences that correspond to the key relations the most. Rating of each relation in the training set of question answering documents is evaluated on the basis of its frequency, as well as on the basis of semantic closeness to other relations included in the set. We propose a method allowing automatic selection of documents for the training set and for refining the results of a full-text search. We also suggest a method of evaluating the quality of the document containing an answer to a "How- to" question, as well as a method of identifying main objects required to perform the actions described in the document found.
Requirement for a Negative Charge at Threonine 60 of the FcRγ for Complete Activation of Syk*

Aggregation of FcεRI on mast cells results in the phosphorylation of the FcεRIγ chain on tyrosine and threonine residues within the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. In the present study we sought to identify the site of threonine phosphorylation in FcεRIγ and investigate its functional importance. We found that threonine 60 was phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo. Expression of a mutated FcεRIγ (T60A), in either FcεRIγ-deficient or γ-null mast cells, resulted in a delay of FcεRI endocytosis, inhibition of TNF-α mRNA production, and inhibition of degranulation but did not affect FcεRI-induced cell adhesion. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the T60A mutant γ chain was normal, but Syk phosphorylation was dramatically reduced in these transfectants. This correlated with reduced co-immunoprecipitation of FcεRIγ with Syk. Substitution of an aspartic residue for threonine 60 of the FcεRIγ reconstituted complete activation of Syk and co-immunoprecipitation of FcεRIγ with Syk. We conclude that the negative charge provided by phosphorylation of threonine 60 of the FcεRIγ is required for the appropriate interaction and activation of Syk. This is a likely requirement for immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs involved in Syk activation.
After High School: The Status of Youth with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

ANNUAL REPORTS TO CONGRESS (U.S. Department of Education, 1990; 1991; 1992; 1993; 1994) indicate that students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) graduate from high school at the rate of approximately 31 % and drop out at the rate of 40%, with a dramatic increase in dropout rates after the age of 14 (U.S. Department of Education, 1993). These students reportedly fail in classes at the rate of 44.6% (U.S. Department of Education, 1990). The American dream of satisfactory employment and responsible citizenship is likely to be elusive for students who have not developed the skills necessary to be successful while in school. Individuals with EBD restrict their lives because of their behavior. Further, peers and adults
Networked Learning International Conference 2006: Subjectification and Surveillance within Distributed Work-based Learning

This paper will focus on the formative stages of the development of several communities of practice with what I thought was a common interest in work-based learning (WBL). Work based learning involves learning at higher education level derived from paid or unpaid work (Garnett, 1997). This definition not only gives some sense of the possible breadth of activities that WBL covers but also the diverse communities of practice that might be involved. Although initially confined within the institution the eventual aim is to extend the communities beyond institutional boundaries facilitated by computer mediated communication. Experiences of scoping WBL and exploring how it is conceptualised by colleagues from a variety of subject disciplines, through face-to-face and online interaction, has drawn attention to issues of identification and positionality. These issues are explored through a conceptual framework of subjectification and surveillance that paradoxically might be argued has generative potential for a community of practice.
Reduction of eddy‐current‐induced distortion in diffusion MRI using a twice‐refocused spin echo

Image distortion due to field gradient eddy currents can create image artifacts in diffusion‐weighted MR images. These images, acquired by measuring the attenuation of NMR signal due to directionally dependent diffusion, have recently been shown to be useful in the diagnosis and assessment of acute stroke and in mapping of tissue structure. This work presents an improvement on the spin‐echo (SE) diffusion sequence that displays less distortion and consequently improves image quality. Adding a second refocusing pulse provides better image quality with less distortion at no cost in scanning efficiency or effectiveness, and allows more flexible diffusion gradient timing. By adjusting the timing of the diffusion gradients, eddy currents with a single exponential decay constant can be nulled, and eddy currents with similar decay constants can be greatly reduced. This new sequence is demonstrated in phantom measurements and in diffusion anisotropy images of normal human brain. Magn Reson Med 49:177–182, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DistFlow Extensions for AC Transmission Systems

Convex relaxations of the power flow equations and, in particular, the Semi-Definite Programming (SDP), Second-Order Cone (SOC), and Convex DistFlow (CDF) relaxations, have attracted significant interest in recent years. Thus far, studies of the CDF model and its connection to the other relaxations have been limited to power distribution systems, which omit several parameters necessary for modeling transmission systems. To increase the applicability of the CDF relaxation, this paper develops an extended CDF model that is suitable for transmission systems by incorporating bus shunts, line charging, and transformers. Additionally, a theoretical result shows that the established equivalence of the SOC and CDF models for distribution systems also holds in this transmission system extension.
Pinocytosis in mouse L-fibroblasts: ultrastructural evidence for a direct membrane shuttle between the plasma membrane and the lysosomal compartment

Mouse L-fibroblasts internalized large amounts of cationized ferritin (CF) by pinocytosis. Initially (60-90 s after addition of CF to cell monolayers at 37 degrees C), CF was found in vesicles measuring 100-400 nm (sectioned diameter) and as small clusters adhering to the inner aspect of the limiting membrane of a few large (greater than 600 nm) vacuoles. After 5-30 min, CF labeling of large vacuoles was pronounced and continuous. Moreover, 70-80% of all labeled structures were tiny (less than 100 nm) vesicles. However, the absolute frequency of tiny vesicles increased more than twofold from 5 min to 30 min. When the cells were incubated with CF for 30 min, then washed and further incubated for 3 h without CF, almost all CF was present in dense bodies (100-500 nm). When L-cells were first incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), then washed and incubated with CF, double-labeled vacuoles were observed. Tiny vesicles also contained HRP-CF, and small HRP-CF patches were localized on the cell surface. Distinct labeling of stacked Golgi cisterns was not observed in any experiment. These observations suggest that the numerous tiny vesicles are not endocytic but rather pinch off from the large vacuoles and move towards the cell surface to fuse with the plasma membrane. Thus, ultrastructural evidence is provided in favor of a direct membrane shuttle between the plasma membrane and the lysosomal compartment.
Consumer Response to Product-Integrated Energy Feedback: Behavior, Goal Level Shifts, and Energy Conservation

Results of recent experiments suggest that interactive control panels of individual appliances can be used to stimulate energy saving behavior by offering the means for consumers to set a goal and receive immediate energy use feedback. The underlying source of the behavioral response, however, remains unclear. The present study compares the effects of a foot-in-the-door intervention, designed to activate a general conservation goal, and a specific task-related goal-setting procedure on the basis of feedback intervention theory (FIT). FIT predicts that any intervention that results in activating a goal at any other hierarchical level of specificity than that needed to perform a task in an energy-saving way will distract attention from the conservation action and attenuate performance. Results lend support to this interpretation. The roles of attention, goal parameters, and goal prioritization are discussed in terms of the present and future research.
Bodily expression of emotion

The question whether body movements and body postures are indicative of specific emotions is a matter of debate. While some studies have found evidence for specific body movements accompanying specific emotions, others indicate that movement behavior (aside from facial expression) may be only indicative of the quantity (intensity) of emotion, but not of its quality. The study reported here is an attempt to demonstrate that body movements and postures to some degree are specific for certain emotions. A sample of 224 video takes, in which actors and actresses portrayed the emotions of elated joy, happiness, sadness, despair, fear, terror, cold anger, hot anger, disgust, contempt, shame, guilt, pride, and boredom via a scenario approach, was analyzed using coding schemata for the analysis of body movements and postures. Results indicate that some emotion-specific movement and posture characteristics seem to exist, but that for body movements differences between emotions can be partly explained by the dimension of activation. While encoder (actor) differences are rather pronounced with respect to specific movement and posture habits, these differences are largely independent from the emotion-specific differences found. The results are discussed with respect to emotion-specific discrete expression models in contrast to dimensional models of emotion encoding. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Cysteine Residue in the Carboxyl‐Terminal Domain of the m2 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Is Not Required for Receptor‐Mediated Inhibition of Adenylate Cyclase

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) share with many other receptors of the guanine nucleotide‐binding protein‐coupled receptor family a highly conserved cysteine residue in the putative cytoplasmic carboxyl‐terminal region of the protein. Because elimination of this cysteine in the β2‐adrenergic receptor has been reported to decrease functional responsiveness, we determined if this cysteine residue is essential for mAChR‐effector coupling by replacing Cys457 of the m2 mAChR with glycine and expressing wild‐type and mutant receptor in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The mutant and wild‐type receptors exhibited similar affinities for binding of muscarinic ligands. In addition, the mutation did not affect cell surface localization or receptor‐mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase. These results indicate that the cysteine residue in the carboxyl‐terminal domain of the m2 mAChR is not required for ligand binding or mAChR‐mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase in CHO cells.
There Is Enough Time

This paper draws upon an explanation of the proleptic, an understanding of time as being socially constructed within specific contexts, to interpret a series of dramatic sequences enacted in ethnodramatic pedagogy. The authors present two major arguments: (1) teachers can help students analyze the processes that influence and shape their identities by adopting a proleptic framework; (2) ethnodrama, a dramatic and dialogic approach to interpreting texts, creates an opportunity for students to evaluate the social forces that shape identity construction as they situate and reflect on texts within multiple contexts. The authors delineate the ways in which teachers can use ethnodrama to help students revise their understandings of the personal and cultural implications of texts by situating these understandings in different configurations of place, space, and time.
Athletic or Antisocial? The Female Sport Experience

The purpose of this study was to examine relations between women's involvment in sports and three psychological constructs: role conflict, sex-role identification, and multidimensional self-concepts. The three groups comprised female powerlifters competing in a national championship (n = 30), high school female athletes (n = 46), and high school female nonathletes (n = 46). Role conflict was not substantial except for a few specific areas related to conflicting expectations of appropriate female and athlete behavior. Both athletic groups scored substantially higher on masculinity (M) and on self-concept of physical ability than the nonathletic group, but there were no group differences on femininity (F) and few substantial differences in other areas of self-concept. Hence the results provide further support for the construct validity of androgyny and for the multidimensionality of self-concept. The major findings, that female athletes can be more M without being less F, and that female athletic involvemen.
Business-cycle consumption risk and asset prices

We show that a business-cycle component of consumption growth (dubbed business-cycle consumption) with cycles between 2 and 4 years is effective in explaining the differences in risk premia across alternative test assets, including recently-proposed anomaly portfolios. We formalize the mapping between component-wise factor loadings and factor loadings obtained upon aggregation of returns and consumption growth over suitable horizons. Consistent with our formalization, we show that the factor loadings associated with consumption growth aggregated over a 2-year horizon have similar pricing ability as those associated with business-cycle consumption.
HiBOp: a History Based Routing Protocol for Opportunistic Networks

In opportunistic networks the existence of a simultaneous path between a sender and a receiver is not assumed. This model (which fits well to pervasive networking environments) completely breaks the main assumptions on which MANET routing protocols are built. Routing in opportunistic networks is usually based on some form of controlled flooding. But often this results in very high resource consumption and network congestion. In this paper we advocate context-based routing for opportunistic networks. We provide a general framework for managing and using context for taking forwarding decisions. We propose a context-based protocol (HiBOp), and compare it with popular solutions, i.e., Epidemic Routing and PROPHET. Results show that HiBOp is able to drastically reduce resource consumption. At the same time, it significantly reduces the message loss rate, and preserves the performance in terms of message delay.
Pedestrian Detection Algorithm Based on Local Color Parallel Similarity Features

Abstract HOG Feature is the mainstream feature applied in the field of pedestrian detection . HOG combined with CSS has good effects on pedestrian detection. Because of the large amount calculation of HOG and CSS, HOG and CSS has poor real-time performance, we propose LCSSF (Local Color Self Similarity Feature) avoiding calculating the global color similarity distribution of CSS. The tested results of the Inria and the street pedestrian database show that the accuracy of the HOG with LCSSF has better detection performance and better real-time performance than HOG and CSS.