Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Between- and Within-Person Analysis of Parenting and Time Spent in Criminogenic Settings During Adolescence: The Role of Self-Control and Delinquent Attitudes

Although spending time in criminogenic settings is increasingly recognized as an explanation for adolescent delinquency, little is known about its determinants. The current study aims to examine the extent to which (change in) self-control and (change in) delinquent attitudes relate to (change in) time spent in criminogenic settings, and the extent to which they mediate the effects of (change in) parenting. Time spent in criminogenic settings was measured comprehensively, by including social and physical characteristics of micro settings (200 × 200 meters). Multilevel structural equation models on two waves of panel data on 603 adolescents (aged 12-19) showed that self-control and delinquent attitudes contributed to between-person differences in time spent in criminogenic settings. Within-person increases in time spent in such settings were predicted by increased delinquent attitudes. For indirect effects, self-control partially mediated between-person effects of parenting, whereas delinquent attitudes partially mediated both between- and within-person effects.
Graphical histories of information foraging

During information foraging, knowledge workers iteratively seek, filter, read, and extract information. When using multiple information sources and different applications for information processing, re-examination of activities for validation of previous decisions or re-discovery of previously used information sources is challenging. In this paper, we present a novel representation of cross-application histories to support recall of past operations and re-discovery of information resources. Our graphical history consists of a cross-scale visualization combining an overview node-link diagram of used desktop resources with nested (animated) snapshot sequences, based on a recording of the visual screen output during the users' desktop work. This representation makes key elements of the users' tasks visually stand out, while exploiting the power of visual memory to recover subtle details of their activities. In a preliminary study, users found our graphical history helpful to recall details of an information foraging task and commented positively on the ability to expand overview nodes into snapshot and video sequences.
Choosing a Benchtop Sequencing Machine to Characterise Helicobacter pylori Genomes

The fully annotated genome sequence of the European strain, 26695 was first published in 1997 and, in 1999, it was directly compared to the USA isolate J99, promoting two standard laboratory isolates for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) research. With the genomic scaffolds available from these important genomes and the advent of benchtop high-throughput sequencing technology, a bacterial genome can now be sequenced within a few days. We sequenced and analysed strains J99 and 26695 using the benchtop-sequencing machines Ion Torrent PGM and the Illumina MiSeq Nextera and Nextera XT methodologies. Using publically available algorithms, we analysed the raw data and interrogated both genomes by mapping the data and by de novo assembly. We compared the accuracy of the coding sequence assemblies to the originally published sequences. With the Ion Torrent PGM, we found an inherently high-error rate in the raw sequence data. Using the Illumina MiSeq, we found significantly more non-covered nucleotides when using the less expensive Illumina Nextera XT compared with the Illumina Nextera library creation method. We found the most accurate de novo assemblies using the Nextera technology, however, extracting an accurate multi-locus sequence type was inconsistent compared to the Ion Torrent PGM. We found the cagPAI failed to assemble onto a single contig in all technologies but was more accurate using the Nextera. Our results indicate the Illumina MiSeq Nextera method is the most accurate for de novo whole genome sequencing of H. pylori.
An Architecture for Robust Sensor Network Communications

Node clustering in sensor networks increases scalability, robustness, and energy-efficiency. In hostile environments, unexpected failures or attacks on cluster heads (through which communication takes place) may partition the network or degrade application performance. We propose REED (Robust Energy-Efficient Distributed clustering), for clustering sensors deployed in hostile environments in an interleaved manner with low complexity. Our primary objective is to construct a k-fault-tolerant (i.e., k-connected) clustered network, where k is a constant determined by the application. Fault tolerance is achieved by selecting k independent sets of cluster heads (i.e., cluster head overlays) on top of the physical network, so that each node can quickly switch to other cluster heads in case of failures. The independent cluster head overlays also give multiple vertex-disjoint routing paths for load balancing and security. Network lifetime is prolonged by selecting cluster heads with high residual energy and low communication cost, and periodically re-clustering the network. We prove that REED asymptotically achieves k-connectivity if certain conditions on node density are met. We also discuss inter-cluster routing and MAC layer considerations, and investigate REED clustering properties via extensive simulations.
The evolution of sex-specific grandparental harm

Recent empirical studies indicate that grandparents favour some categories of grandchildren over others. Here, we expand the previous theoretical foundation for this finding and show that grandchild-harming phenotypes are predicted to evolve by ‘sexually antagonistic zygotic drive (SA-zygotic drive) of the sex chromosomes’. We use the logic of Hamilton's rule to develop a new ‘no-cost-to-self nepotism rule’ that greatly simplifies the determination of the invasion criteria for mutations that cause grandparents to harm grandchildren. We use this theory to generate predictions that distinguish SA-zygotic drive from theory based solely on paternity assurance. The major diagnostic prediction is that grandmothers, and to a lesser degree grandfathers, will evolve grandson-harming phenotypes that reduce the level of sib competition experienced by their more closely related granddaughters, especially in their sons' families. This prediction is supported by data from recent studies showing (i) grandmothers invest more in granddaughters than grandsons, and counterintuitively, (ii) paternal grandmothers reduce the survival of their grandsons. We conclude that SA-zygotic drive is plausibly operating in humans via sexually antagonistic grandparental care.
Prologue: Introduction to Coarse Grained Simulation

Mixing of materials by small scale turbulent motion is a critical element of many flow systems of interest in engineering, geophysics, and astrophysics. Numerical simulation plays a crucial role and turbulent mixing predictability is a major concern. Small scale resolution requirements focus typically on those of continuum fluid mechanics described by Navier–Stokes (NS) equations; different requirements are involved depending on the regime considered and on the relative importance of coupled physics such as multispecies diffusion and combustion as determined by Reynolds number (Re), Knudsen, Schmidt, Damköhler, and other characteristic nondimensional numbers. Direct numerical simulation (DNS), resolving all relevant physical space/time scales, is prohibitively expensive in the foreseeable future for most practical flows and regimes of interest at moderate-to-high Re. On the other end of the simulation spectrum are the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approaches, which focus on statistical moments for an ensemble of realizations and model the turbulent effects. Small scale turbulent flow dynamics is traditionally viewed as universal and enslaved to that of larger scales (Fig. P.1). In coarse grained simulation (CGS) large energy containing structures are resolved, smaller structures are spatially filtered out, and unresolved subgrid scale (SGS) effects are modeled. CGS includes classical large eddy simulation (LES) strategies [1] focusing on explicit SGS models, implicit LES (ILES) [2] relying on SGS modeling and filtering provided by physics capturing numerical algorithms, and more general LES using suitably mixed explicit/implicit SGS modeling. Transition to turbulence involves unsteady large scale dynamics, which can be captured by CGS but not by single-point closures typical in RANS [3]. Our fundamental views of the so-called “spectral gap” between large and small scales have significantly evolved over the past decade to provide a solid basis for the ideas of enslavement in turbulence as they relate to CGS [4]. The CGS strategy of separating resolved/unresolved physics constitutes a viable intermediate approach between DNS and RANS to address practical geometries and multiphysics. As complex turbulent flow applications typically involve underresolved simulations, robustness of CGS predictions becomes the unsettled issue. If the information contained in the filtered-out smaller and SGS spatial scales can significantly alter the evolution of the larger scales of motion and practical integral measures, then the utility of CGS is questionable. The validity of the scale separation assumptions in CGS needs to be carefully tested when potentially important SGS flow physics is involved, specifically,
Guideline of guidelines: urinary incontinence

The objective of the article is to review key guidelines on the management of urinary incontinence (UI) to guide clinical management in a practical way. Guidelines produced by the European Association of Urology (updated in 2014), the Canadian Urological Association (updated in 2012), the International Consultation on Incontinence (updated in 2012), and the National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (updated in 2013) were examined and their recommendations compared. In addition, specialised guidelines produced by the collaboration between the American Urological Association and the Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine and Urogenital Reconstruction on overactive bladder and the use of urodynamics were reviewed. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE) instrument was used to evaluate the quality of these guidelines. There is general agreement between the groups on the recommended initial evaluation and the use of conservative therapies for first‐line treatment, with a limited role for imaging or invasive testing in the uncomplicated patient. These groups have greater variability in their recommendations for invasive procedures; however, generally the mid‐urethral sling is recommended for uncomplicated stress UI, with different recommendations on the approach, as well as the comparability to other treatments, such as the autologous fascial sling. This ‘Guideline of Guidelines’ provides a summary of the salient similarities and differences between prominent groups on the management of UI.
The Cramer-Rao bounds of RSS location estimation for 3D wireless Sensor Networks

Location information is of paramount importance for wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The design of WSNs has always been focused on an specific point of networks in a two-dimensional (2D) space. Nowadays this design is not enough and the study of the three dimension is needed. In this article, we focus on 3D location accuracy in WSNs. We quantify the estimation accuracy for the RSS measurements by deriving the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB), and discuss the performance in two application scenarios, 2D WSN and 3D WSN. Matlab simulation indicates that the 3D location accuracy is superior to the 2D location accuracy for WSNs with reference devices and blindfolded devices being deployed randomly.
Improved purification and further characterization of Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin.

The procedure for the purification of Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin was simplified, and the purity of the toxin was improved. Hydrolysis of the toxin by the p-toluenesulfonic acid procedure yielded 18 common amino acids. Among these, aspartic acid, serine, leucine, and glutamic acid were the predominant components. The sedimentation coefficient (s°20, w) was 2.8 Svedberg units. The molecular weights determined by the Archibald technique, sedimentation equilibrium, and amino acid analysis were 40 000, 36 000, and 33 000, respectively.
Company-Oriented Extractive Summarization of Financial News

The paper presents a multi-document summarization system which builds company-specific summaries from a collection of financial news such that the extracted sentences contain novel and relevant information about the corresponding organization. The user's familiarity with the company's profile is assumed. The goal of such summaries is to provide information useful for the short-term trading of the corresponding company, i.e., to facilitate the inference from news to stock price movement in the next day. We introduce a novel query (i.e., company name) expansion method and a simple unsupervized algorithm for sentence ranking. The system shows promising results in comparison with a competitive baseline.
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster unfolds the secrets of innate immunity

In 2011, the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine was rewarded, in part, for research on the Drosophila immune response. The research described the role of the Drosophila Toll receptor in antifungal resistance, and the subsequent characterization of Toll‐like receptors in mammals reshaped our understanding of the immune system. This review summarizes the potential of the Drosophila model and describes the path that has lead Drosophila to become an important model to study immunity.
Art+Interpretation: Introducing the IEEE VIS 2014 Arts Program

This paper introduces VISAP'14, the IEEE VIS 2014 Arts Program. We discuss the motivations leading to the choice of this year's theme, Art+Interpretation, and provide an overview of the work presented in the Arts Program papers track and art show. We describe our process of creating an effective interdisciplinary peer review system where artists and researchers decided jointly on installations and papers that were of the interest to the various communities present at IEEE VIS. We conclude with further ideas for improving future incarnations of VISAP, which may also be of interest to organizers of other interdisciplinary arts conferences.
Organization-Public “Friendship”? Exploring User-Based Engagement in Social Media

In the hubbub of scholarship and industry focus on social media, the focus has been on the strategies and benefits of social media engagement for organizations, leaving the meanings, worldviews, and activities of publics on social media under-examined. The purpose of this study is to understand the public-level insights on organizational engagement via social media, and considerations of an organization as a “friend” online. Results suggest that organizations serve a facilitator role, as individuals engage brands online to improve their own personal and social lives. Results also show the possibility of a multi-dimensional and personal relational connection between an organization and its publics through communication integration.
Performance Assessment and Feasibility Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4m Wireless Sensor Networks in TV Grayspaces

In this article, we assess the viability of underlay sensor networks in frequencies used by an incumbent digital TV broadcasting system, that is, in the so-called TV grayspaces (TVGS). Grayspace operations are particularly interesting when other unlicensed bands are overcrowded, for example, due to high-volume WiFi operations. We simulate the operational characteristics of the recent IEEE 802.15. 4m standard for low-rate wireless personal area networks to evaluate the performance degradation of an incumbent Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial (DVB-T) system if a secondary network of low-power low-rate devices are co-deployed in the same frequency bands. Our results show that short sensor messages will not disrupt the DVB-T service due to the existing error-correction capabilities. Furthermore, if sufficient separation distances to primary transmitters are maintained, transmit powers are sufficient to achieve reasonable connectivity levels of the secondary network. In order to obtain realistic figures on the predicted feasibility of grayspace sensor networks, we study the deployment constraints of a hypothetical secondary network co-located with the TV broadcasting network of Germany. Our analysis shows that if we aim to support a minimum sensor-sensor distance, no universal coverage can be maintained in this country. While our quantitative results are specific to Germany, we deem them indicative for the expected results also in other potential deployments. We found that while a secondary wireless sensor network in TVGS is technically possible, the necessary constraints on operational parameters and service levels for TVGS co-existence will significantly limit its practical viability.
Generalized turbo signal recovery for nonlinear measurements and orthogonal sensing matrices

In this study, we propose a generalized turbo signal recovery algorithm to estimate a signal from quantized measurements, in which the sensing matrix is a row-orthogonal matrix, such as the partial discrete Fourier transform matrix. The state evolution of the proposed algorithm is derived and is shown to be consistent with that obtained with the replica method. Numerical experiments illustrate the excellent agreement of the proposed algorithm with theoretical state evolution.
FLOWER: optimal test suite reduction as a network maximum flow

A trend in software testing is reducing the size of a test suite while preserving its overall quality. Given a test suite and a set of requirements covered by the suite, test suite reduction aims at selecting a subset of test cases that cover the same set of requirements. Even though this problem has received considerable attention, finding the smallest subset of test cases is still challenging and commonly-used approaches address this problem only with approximated solutions. When executing a single test case requires much manual effort (e.g., hours of preparation), finding the minimal subset is needed to reduce the testing costs. In this paper, we introduce a radically new approach to test suite reduction, called FLOWER, based on a search among network maximum flows. From a given test suite and the requirements covered by the suite, FLOWER forms a flow network (with specific constraints) that is then traversed to find its maximum flows. FLOWER leverages the Ford-Fulkerson method to compute maximum flows and Constraint Programming techniques to search among optimal flows. FLOWER is an exact method that computes a minimum-sized test suite, preserving the coverage of requirements. The experimental results show that FLOWER outperforms a non-optimized implementation of the Integer Linear Programming approach by 15-3000 times in terms of the time needed to find an optimal solution, and a simple greedy approach by 5-15% in terms of the size of reduced test suite.
Development and validation of a simulator for wireless data acquisition in gas turbine engine testing

Owing to its cable-free deployment, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have drawn great attention as a new technique for industrial data acquisition. However, the harsh environment of the gas turbine engine provides a number of challenges to deployment of wireless sensors. A definitive study of the impact of harsh environments on WSNs is currently lacking, which represents an obstacle to WSN's deployment in safety-critical industrial instrumentation and automation. In this study, the authors report the test results of applying WSNs to data acquisition in gas turbine engine testing and the development of a realistic software simulator with the purpose of de-risking the wireless data transmission technology in a project called WIDAGATE (wireless data acquisition in gas turbine engine testing). This study provides an overview of the simulation platform developed and investigates how small-scale tests of a WSN deployed on a real engine were used to validate and improve the simulator platform. This work proposes realistic modelling of the physical layer (radio channel) when subject to interference in harsh industry environment during aero-engine testing. Based on the validated, realistic physical layer model, different medium access control protocols are simulated to demonstrate how this improved simulator can be used to select an appropriate protocol.
Fast GMM computation for speaker verification using scalar quantization and discrete densities

Most of current state-of-the-art speaker verification (SV) systems use Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to represent the universal background model (UBM) and the speaker models (SM). For an SV system that employs log-likelihood ratio between SM and UBM to make the decision, its computational efficiency is largely determined by the GMM computation. This paper attempts to speedup GMM computation by converting a continuous-density GMM to a single or a mixture of discrete densities using scalar quantization. We investigated a spectrum of such discrete models: from high-density discrete models to discrete mixture models, and their combination called highdensity discrete-mixture models. For the NIST 2002 SV task, we obtained an overall speedup by a factor of 2–100 with little loss in EER performance.
Performance analysis for two-user Alamouti coded MIMO system with the PIC group decoding

Currently the research of multi-user MIMO system mainly focuses on the analysis of channel capacity. Low complexity is also attractive to the implementation of a receiver, and thus interference cancellation decoding is often adopted in practice. Partial Interference Cancellation (PIC) group decoding is one effective decoding algorithm for point-to-point MIMO systems which addressing the complexity and rate tradeoff very well. Since the decoding complexity of multi-user MIMO systems with the Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding is very hign, PIC group decoding is a good choice for it. To clarify the performance of PIC group decoding when used in multi-user cases, this paper first derives the diversity order of two-user Alamouti coded MIMO systems with this decoding. For a two-user Alamouti coded MIMO system with N antennas at the receiver, the diversity order is 2 (N − 1) with the PIC group decoding. The conclusion can be easily extended to K-user cases, and achieve the diversity order of 2 (N − K + 1). Simulation results confirms the analytical derivation.
Policy Negotiation for Co-owned Resources in Relationship-Based Access Control

The collaborative nature of content development has given rise to the novel problem of multiple ownership in access control, such that a shared resource is administrated simultaneously by co-owners who may have conflicting privacy preferences and/or sharing needs. Prior work has focused on the design of unsupervised conflict resolution mechanisms. Driven by the need for human consent in organizational settings, this paper explores interactive policy negotiation, an approach complementary to that of prior work. Specifically, we propose an extension of Relationship-Based Access Control (ReBAC) to support multiple ownership, in which a policy negotiation protocol is in place for co-owners to come up with and give consent to an access control policy in a structured manner. During negotiation, the draft policy is assessed by formally defined availability criteria: to the second level of the polynomial hierarchy. We devised two algorithms for verifying policy satisfiability, both employing a modern SAT solver for solving subproblems. The performance is found to be adequate for mid-sized organizations.