Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Reassessment of the Low Molecular Weight Phospholipase A2 Gene Family in Mammals*

Phospholipase activity was first described in pancreatic juice and cobra venom at about the turn of the century. Phospholipase A2s (PLA2s) 1 are those phospholipases that hydrolyze the sn-2 fatty acid acyl ester bond of phosphoglycerides to free fatty acid and lysophospholipids. PLA2s have been divided into several groups based on molecular weight, amino acid sequence and homology (e.g. position of Cys residues in the low molecular weight enzymes), calcium dependence, and cellular localization (see below). Two groups of ;14-kDa snake venom PLA2s, Group I from cobras and kraits and Group II from rattlesnakes and vipers, are well known. Until 1989, however, the only well characterized mammalian PLA2 was the ;14-kDa enzyme from pancreatic juice, which was classified as a Group IB enzyme (for reviews see Refs. 1 and 2). In 1989 two groups each described the gene for a ;14-kDa enzyme from synovial fluid and platelets, which is distinct from the pancreatic enzyme and was assigned to Group IIA. These publications engendered a relatively large literature on what is thought to be Group IIA PLA2, primarily because it is believed to be elevated in serum and exudates in certain inflammatory diseases, suggesting its involvement in the production of lipid mediators of inflammation (see below). Also, despite conflicting data concerning its physiologic substrate, it was recognized that Group IIA PLA2 has the potential to release arachidonic acid from membranes, which then may serve as the precursor of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and prostacyclins via the cyclooxygenase pathway or leukotrienes and lipoxins via the lipoxygenase pathway (for review see Ref. 3). In 1994, our group described the cloning of genes and expression of cDNAs for two new mammalian ;14-kDa PLA2s (4–6). This brought the number of well described mammalian low molecular weight PLA2 genes and enzymes to four. This review summarizes what is now known about mammalian ;14-kDa PLA2s, particularly those that have been most recently described. The focus is on possible biological functions of each of the ;14-kDa PLA2s and functional relationships to the structurally unrelated, 85-kDa group IV cytosolic PLA2. I also review new data that force a reevaluation of a significant fraction of the large literature describing tissue distribution and metabolic functions of the mammalian Group IIA PLA2.
Structure and stability of silicene on Ag(111) reconstructions from grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and density functional theory

Using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and density functional theory (DFT), we have studied the silicene reconstructions on Ag(111). We propose a comprehensive discussion of all nonequivalent configurations for the) 4 4 ( ,   30) 3 2 3 2 (R ,   9. 13) 13 13 (R-type I and   9. 13) 13 13 (R-type II reconstructions, putting in evidence their relative stability. We show that assuming a p3 symmetry leads to a total of 12 inequivalent reconstructions, that can be labeled according to an original notation, which specifies the occupation of the p3-symmetry Wyckoff positions by the Si atoms of the silicene unit cell and by the Ag atoms of the first three substrate layers. The DFT calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results, and report that the structures energetically most favorable are those which best reproduce the measured scanning tunneling microscopy images and the GIXD structure factors. These configurations are also those inducing the highest deformation in the substrate, suggesting that the interaction between silicene and Ag can be held to be responsible for the unexpected stability of the 2D silicon layer. 2
Is bitcoin becoming an alternative investment option for Turkey A comparative econometric investigation of the interaction between cryptocurrencies

Purpose- The main objective of this study is to examine the mutual interaction between crypto money (coins) types. For this purpose, we investigated the sensitivity existence of any crypto money to changes in other crypto types. Methodology- In this study, to find out whether the interaction (relationship) exists between cryptocurrencies VAR model will be used through daily closing prices of each crypt money. Under the VAR analysis, variance decomposition, impact-response functions analysis will be done and finally, Granger Causality Test will be performed. Findings- According to the results of VAR analysis based on Variance Decomposition, BITCOIN, BT CASH and Tether are largely external variables and their prices are not significantly affected by other crypto currencies. In contrast, the values of Etherum, Lite Coin and QTUM are significantly affected by the changes in the values of other crypto coins. Conclusion- In accordance with findings obtained from analysis, we observed that Tether is moving towards becoming an alternative investment tool for all the crypto moneys. Other crypto coins tend to move in the same direction.
The acid-sulfate zone and the mineral alteration styles of the Roman Puteolis (Neapolitan area, Italy): clues on fluid fracturing progression at the Campi Flegrei volcano

Abstract. Active fumarolic solfataric zones represent important structures of dormant volcanoes, but unlike emitted fluids, their mineralization are omitted in the usual monitoring activity. This is the case for the Campi Flegrei caldera in Italy, among the most hazardous and best-monitored explosive volcanoes in the World, where the landscape of Puteolis is characterized by acid sulfate alteration that is active at least since Roman time. This paper provides temperature, mineralogical, textural, compositional and stable isotope data for those solfataric terrains sampled at the crater and Pisciarelli slope of the Solfatara volcano between 2012 and 2019. Temperatures vary between 40° and 95 °C. Minerals include alunite with grain sizes generally larger than 20 µm, alunogen, native sulfur, well-ordered kaolinite, and, common at Pisciarelli, pyrite and NH4-sulfates. Sulfate terrains have higher contents of Ti, Ba, Au, As Hg and Tl relative to their parent substrate. The Pisciarelli slope is anomalous in terms of the presence of NH4. δ34S values for sulfides and native S range between −3.00 and 0.49 ‰ and from −4.42 to 0.80 ‰, respectively. Sulfates show δ34S and δ18O values in the range of −3.35 to 3.80 ‰ and between 0.3 and 31.33 ‰, respectively. The style of mineralization and the stable isotope geochemistry do produce complex and not completely consistent classifications and genetic information. We merge our data with volcanological information, data from exploration drillings and geophysical results. With the conceptual model we suggest a series of shallow and deep aquifers interconnected like communicating vessels through a main fault system that downthrows Solfatara with respect to Pisciarelli. Fluid outflow from the different discrete aquifers hosted in sediments – and possibly bearing biological imprints – is the main dataset that allows determination of the steam-heated environment with a supergene settings superimposed. Supergene conditions and high-sulfidation relicts, together with the narrow sulfate alteration zone buried under the youngest volcanic deposits, point to the existence of a paleo-conduit. The data will contribute to monitor and evaluate the volcanic hazards.
COMEDI: Combinatorial Election of Diagnostic Vectors From Detection Test Sets for Logic Circuits

Although the modern automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) tools can efficiently produce near-optimal test sets with high fault-coverage for a circuit-under-test, a diagnostic test set (DTS), which is needed for fault localization, is much more challenging to construct. The DTS is used to analyze the responses of failing chips during manufacturing test for the purpose of identifying the root cause of observed errors. In this paper, a novel technique for selecting a powerful DTS for stuck-at faults from a pool of ATPG detection vectors is proposed. Unlike existing methods, this technique does not use any diagnostic test generation, circuit modification, or miter-based approach. It constructs a combinatorial cover of the pool to determine a test set with high diagnostic coverage (DC). Two variants of the covering algorithm are proposed based on this technique. The experimental results on several combinational and scan-based benchmark circuits demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in terms of the size of the DTS, DC, and CPU time.
Replacement mutagenesis of the human cytomegalovirus genome: US10 and US11 gene products are nonessential

The US6 gene family, located within the unique short region (US) of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome, contains six open reading frames (US6 through US11) which may encode glycoproteins, such as gcII (D. Gretch, B. Kari, R. Gehrz, and M. Stinski, J. Virol. 62:1956-1962, 1988). By homologous recombination, several different recombinant HCMV were created which contain a marker gene, beta-glucuronidase, inserted within this gene family. It was demonstrated that beta-glucuronidase has utility as a marker gene for the identification of recombinants in this herpesvirus system, without the occurrence of deletions in other regions of the viral genome. DNA and RNA blot analyses attested to the fidelity of the recombination. Immunoprecipitation experiments using monospecific polyclonal antisera indicated that the US10 and/or US11 gene products were not expressed in the recombinants, as predicted. These results, along with single-cycle growth analyses, indicated that the US10 and US11 gene products are nonessential for virus replication and growth in tissue culture. HCMV recombinants expressing beta-glucuronidase seemed to be genetically stable.
The IBM Systems for English Entity Discovery and Linking and Spanish Entity Linking at TAC 2014

This paper describes the IBM systems for English Entity Discovery and Linking (EDL) and Spanish Entity Linking (EL) for the TAC 2014 Knowledge-Base Population track. We submitted two runs for both the EDL and Spanish EL tracks. The linking component of the EDL system achieved an F1 score of 85.0 on the benchmark MSNBC dataset while the Spanish system achieved a B 3 + F 1 score of 73.6 on the TAC 2013 evaluation dataset outperforming the previous state-of-the-art for both types of systems. In the ofﬁcial 2014 evaluation, our Spanish EL system achieved the best performance by outper-forming the next best system by almost 14 points and our the EDL system came close to the median performance. Our experimental results also show that the linking component of the EDL system achieves a B 3 + F 1 score of 82.4 which is higher than the best performing system on the diagnostic task where the gold-standard mentions and their offsets are provided.
$\text{S}^{3}\text{A}$: Smart Station Search Assistance for Electric Vehicle—A Step Toward Smart City

The transition of transportation sector from Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) to Electric Vehicles (EVs) has raised many concerns about their users which mainly include locating a suitable charging station for such vehicles. Presently, human intelligence-based methods are being used for the purpose. However, the development of Smart Station Search Assistance (S$^{3}$A) system is an innovative step in this direction as it provides an optimal solution to locate a charging station as per user requirement subject to vehicle constraints. The use of optimization model in S$^{3}$A for recommending an optimal charging station service has been justified. The main challenges which can affect the performance of the system have also been discussed.
Deforestation in Michoacan, Mexico, From CYCLOPES-LAI Time Series (2000–2006)

Annual land maps (2000-2006) of the Mexican state of Michoacan were built from the leaf area index series of the Carbon cycle and change in land observational products from an ensemble of satellites project, using a reference map and considering general vegetation types: evergreen forest, deciduous forest, crops, and grassland shrublands. This was done by calculating 11 phenological variables for each year, and analyzing the principal components. For each pixel, we calculated the distances between the values of the first five principal components and the values of first five principal components of all the pixels in the reference map. Each pixel was assigned the most common type of land cover between the 20 smallest distances. The annual maps were compared year by year to estimate deforestation, namely the pixels corresponding to evergreen forests that changed to another type of cover and stayed that way. We estimate that 35 641 ha of evergreen forest were deforested, of which 19 120 ha became deciduous forest and 16 428 ha became crops. In addition, 458 599 ha suffered nonpermanent changes, mainly at the edge of forests, corresponding to mixed pixels. The results were validated using high-resolution images, with 71% of success in changed pixels, and 81% in unchanged pixels.
Maintaining intimacy at a distance: an exploration of human–computer interaction's approach to mediating intimacy

An analysis of information and communication technology designed to support communication between intimates at a geographic distance is carried out via a framework that consists of five themes. This framework was developed by considering what has emerged from human–computer interaction's (HCI) research on supporting mediated intimacy. Themes are: (1) drawing on existing practices, (2) a focus on the capability of technology, (3) increasing levels of contact, (4) idealising intimacy, and (5) prescribing what constitutes intimacy. The HCI research on intimacy is explored thematically in light of the social psychology of intimate relationships. The tensions that are reported in HCI research on intimacy can be interpreted as emanating from a tendency to fragment what is necessarily a holistic experience. Intimate relationships are complex and delicately balanced, thus a reductionist approach to mediating intimacy may be undermining HCI's potential to address the challenge of supporting intimates living at a geographic distance. While a fragmentation of the experience of intimacy can be methodologically productive for HCI, a more holistic approach to intimate relationships may enhance technological support for communication between geographically distant intimates.
Crystal Phases in III--V Nanowires: From Random Toward Engineered Polytypism

III-V nanowires (NWs) are promising for a wide range of applications, ranging from optics to electronics, energy, and biological sensing. The structural quality of NWs is of paramount importance for the performance of such future NW-based devices. Random structural defects and polytypism occur naturally in semiconductor NWs, but progress both on the theoretical understanding and experimental control have been achieved recently. Here, we review progress towards the realization of perfect wurtzite and zinc-blende phases in III-V NWs, eventually leading to true phase engineering in single NWs.
Processing Time Optimization for Robot Applications

This research work includes the use of heuristic algorithms to automatically generate processing time optimized robot programs for manufacturing processes in the automotive industry. For this, we've implemented a genetic algorithm with multi-parent recombination and adjacency-based crossover. A reallocation mutation is also introduced to optimize the load balancing by classifying tasks into common and fixed tasks depending on their location relative to the robots' workspace. The heuristic is compared to an exact solver by applying it to a test problem. Lastly, the methodology is also applied to a real business problem in the area of vehicle sealing.
Construction of a general model for estimating blood pressure using independent components of facial skin temperature in consideration of the mechanism of variation

The objective of this study was to construct a general model for estimating blood pressure (BP) using independent components of facial skin temperature in consideration of its mechanism of variation. In our previous study, we constructed models for estimating cardiac-dominant BP variation by applying an independent component analysis, which was a blind source separation algorithm, to facial skin temperature. However, these models were constructed using individual independent components of facial skin temperature, and a general model for estimating BP, which is a simplex model for estimating BP from facial skin temperatures in general population is necessary for practical use. In contrast, the mechanism of variation in BP is roughly classified into cardiac and vascular-dominant patterns, and revealed that the facial skin temperature distribution was different between the mechanisms of variation in BP. In this study, a general model using facial skin temperature during cardiac and vascular-dominant patterns, and both mechanisms of variation in BP was constructed and evaluated. As a result, the general models in both mechanisms of variation in BP could be estimated with the highest accuracy in each general model. Hence, a general model for estimating BP in consideration of its mechanism of variation could be constructed.
A comparative study of clustering methods using word embeddings

Grouping large amounts of data is critical for various tasks, including the identification of content on a specific topic of interest (such as terrorism-related content) within a collection of material gathered from online sources. Various existing approaches typically extract relevant features using topic distributions and/or embedding methods, and subsequently apply clustering techniques in the derived representation space. In this work, we present a comparative study using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), Paragraph-Vector Distributed Bag-of-Words (PV-DBOW), and Paragraph-Vector Distributed Memory (PV-DM) models as representation methods, in conjunction with five traditional clustering algorithms, namely k-means, spherical k-means, possibilistic fuzzy c-means, agglomerative clustering and NMF, on two publicly available and one proprietary datasets. Fifteen combinations are formed which are assessed using external clustering validity measures, such as Adjusted Mutual Information (AMI) and Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) against available ground-truth. Our results indicate that using PV-DBOW leads in general to better clustering performance in all datasets.
Explosive force production during isometric squats correlates with athletic performance in rugby union players

Abstract This study investigated the association between explosive force production during isometric squats and athletic performance (sprint time and countermovement jump height). Sprint time (5 and 20 m) and jump height were recorded in 18 male elite-standard varsity rugby union players. Participants also completed a series of maximal- and explosive-isometric squats to measure maximal force and explosive force at 50-ms intervals up to 250 ms from force onset. Sprint performance was related to early phase (≤100 ms) explosive force normalised to maximal force (5 m, r = −0.63, P = 0.005; and 20 m, r = −0.54, P = 0.020), but jump height was related to later phase (>100 ms) absolute explosive force (0.51 < r < 0.61; 0.006 < P < 0.035). When participants were separated for 5-m sprint time (< or ≥ 1s), the faster group had greater normalised explosive force in the first 150 ms of explosive-isometric squats (33–67%; 0.001 < P < 0.017). The results suggest that explosive force production during isometric squats was associated with athletic performance. Specifically, sprint performance was most strongly related to the proportion of maximal force achieved in the initial phase of explosive-isometric squats, whilst jump height was most strongly related to absolute force in the later phase of the explosive-isometric squats.
An Experimental Study of Posterior Interpositus Involvement in the Genesis and Control of Conditioned Eyelid Responses

The participation of the rostral-dorsal part of the posterior interpositus nucleus in the genesis of classically-conditioned eyelid responses in alert cats was studied. Cats were prepared for the recording of left eyelid movements with the search-coil-in-a-magnetic-field technique and of the electromyographic activity of the orbicularis oculi muscle. A stimulating electrode was implanted in the contralateral red nucleus and a guide cannula in the ipsilateral interpositus. The cannula allowed unitary recordings, electrical microstimulation, drug injection, and push-pull perfusion of the selected interpositus site. Perfusate was used for amino acid analysis with an HPLC-EC method. Animals were conditioned with a delay (CS: tone, US: air puff) paradigm. Antidromically identified interpositus neurons fired during eyelid conditioned responses (CRs) with a variable delay to CR start. Some neurons (type A) increased and other (type B) decreased their firing during CR performance. Electrical microstimulation of posterior interpositus was able to increase CR amplitude when applied during CS presentation. Muscimol decreased CR amplitude in well-trained animals. The analysis of push-pull perfusate showed a significant increase in glutamate, glycine, and taurine, but not GABA levels, during conditioning in comparison with habituation and extinction periods. Results indicate an involvement of the rostral-dorsal part of the posterior interpositus nucleus in the genesis of eyelid conditioned responses, playing an enhancing or controlling role in CR performance, rather than being its initiator.
Gremlin-mediated decrease in bone morphogenetic protein signaling promotes pulmonary fibrosis.

RATIONALE Members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily, including TGF-betas and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), are essential for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and regeneration after injury. We have observed that the BMP antagonist, gremlin, is highly up-regulated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of gremlin in the regulation of BMP signaling in pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Progressive asbestos-induced fibrosis in the mouse was used as a model of human IPF. TGF-beta and BMP expression and signaling activities were measured from murine and human fibrotic lungs. The mechanism of gremlin induction was analyzed in cultured lung epithelial cells. In addition, the possible therapeutic role of gremlin inhibition was tested by administration of BMP-7 to mice after asbestos exposure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Gremlin mRNA levels were up-regulated in the asbestos-exposed mouse lungs, which is in agreement with the human IPF biopsy data. Down-regulation of BMP signaling was demonstrated by reduced levels of Smad1/5/8 and enhanced Smad2 phosphorylation in asbestos-treated lungs. Accordingly, analyses of cultured human bronchial epithelial cells indicated that asbestos-induced gremlin expression could be prevented by inhibitors of the TGF-beta receptor and also by inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathways. BMP-7 treatment significantly reduced hydroxyproline contents in the asbestos-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS The TGF-beta and BMP signaling balance is important for lung regenerative events and is significantly perturbed in pulmonary fibrosis. Rescue of BMP signaling activity may represent a potential beneficial strategy for treating human pulmonary fibrosis.