Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recalled test anxiety in relation to achievement, in the context of general academic self-concept, study habits, parental involvement and socio-economic status among Grade 6 Ethiopian students

The study investigated the predictive nature of test anxiety on achievement in the presence of perceived general academic self-concept, study habits, parental involvement in children's learning and socio-economic status. From a population of 2482 Grade 6 students from seven government primary schools of a sub-city in Addis Ababa, 497 participants were randomly selected, namely 248 boys and 249 girls. The mean age of the participants was 12.98 years. An adapted version of Sarason's Test Anxiety Scale (28 items), plus the General Academic Self-Concept Scale (18 items), and Parental Involvement (10 items), Study Habits (10 items) and Socio-Economic Status (10 items) scales developed by the authors were the instruments of the study. The findings of the study indicated: (a) test anxiety correlated with achievement with a weak correlation of −0.186; and (b) perceived general academic self-concept and study habits were positively and significantly related to achievement. Stepwise multiple regression on achievement resulted in the selection of general academic self-concept, study habits and parental involvement as significant contributors to achievement in that order. Test anxiety was found to be a non-predictor of achievement in the presence of other variables.
Log20: Fully Automated Optimal Placement of Log Printing Statements under Specified Overhead Threshold

When systems fail in production environments, log data is often the only information available to programmers for postmortem debugging. Consequently, programmers' decision on where to place a log printing statement is of crucial importance, as it directly affects how effective and efficient postmortem debugging can be. This paper presents Log20, a tool that determines a near optimal placement of log printing statements under the constraint of adding less than a specified amount of performance overhead. Log20 does this in an automated way without any human involvement. Guided by information theory, the core of our algorithm measures how effective each log printing statement is in disambiguating code paths. To do so, it uses the frequencies of different execution paths that are collected from a production environment by a low-overhead tracing library. We evaluated Log20 on HDFS, HBase, Cassandra, and ZooKeeper, and observed that Log20 is substantially more efficient in code path disambiguation compared to the developers' manually placed log printing statements. Log20 can also output a curve showing the trade-off between the informativeness of the logs and the performance slowdown, so that a developer can choose the right balance.
Assembly and Interrogation of Alzheimer’s Disease Genetic Networks Reveal Novel Regulators of Progression

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex multifactorial disorder with poorly characterized pathogenesis. Our understanding of this disease would thus benefit from an approach that addresses this complexity by elucidating the regulatory networks that are dysregulated in the neural compartment of AD patients, across distinct brain regions. Here, we use a Systems Biology (SB) approach, which has been highly successful in the dissection of cancer related phenotypes, to reverse engineer the transcriptional regulation layer of human neuronal cells and interrogate it to infer candidate Master Regulators (MRs) responsible for disease progression. Analysis of gene expression profiles from laser-captured neurons from AD and controls subjects, using the Algorithm for the Reconstruction of Accurate Cellular Networks (ARACNe), yielded an interactome consisting of 488,353 transcription-factor/target interactions. Interrogation of this interactome, using the Master Regulator INference algorithm (MARINa), identified an unbiased set of candidate MRs causally responsible for regulating the transcriptional signature of AD progression. Experimental assays in autopsy-derived human brain tissue showed that three of the top candidate MRs (YY1, p300 and ZMYM3) are indeed biochemically and histopathologically dysregulated in AD brains compared to controls. Our results additionally implicate p53 and loss of acetylation homeostasis in the neurodegenerative process. This study suggests that an integrative, SB approach can be applied to AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, and provide significant novel insight on the disease progression.
Objectivizing the Subjective: Measuring Subjective Wellbeing

Wellbeing has always eluded definition, and the elusive definition, in turn, has denuded the concept of an objective measure. Attempts at an objective measure have brought out two basic methodological alternatives. The first, objective, measure has come out as the famous Physical Quality of Life Index, developed by the sociologist Morris David Morris in the 1970s, based on the indicators of basic literacy, infant mortality, and life expectancy, and supplanted now by the Human Development Index. The second one, dealing with subjective wellbeing, focuses upon self-reported levels of happiness, pleasure, fulfillment etc. The present paper, in five sections, seeks to review the available objective measures of subjective wellbeing. In particular, section 2 discusses some of the important attempts at measuring wellbeing, especially objective wellbeing in terms of objective indicators. Section 3 details the subjective approach to wellbeing in terms of life satisfaction, represented by measures of global life-satisfaction, affect balance, average domain satisfaction and income. Section 4 presents a list of variables which are correlated with global reports of life satisfaction and happiness, such as smiling frequency, sociability and extraversion, sleep quality, high income, and high income rank in a reference group, active involvement in religion, self-reported health, age, sex, education, etc. Section 5 then reports on the surveys of subjective wellbeing, such as the World Values Survey, the General Social Survey, the Eurobarometer Survey, the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale, and the Gallup World Poll, and seeks to interpret the scores received. The next section turns to a major concern of researchers in the field, which is whether self-report instruments are valid, whether there are cases wherein people might report that they are happy yet not truly experience high subjective well-being. The section also discusses briefly the recent attempts to mesaure individual welfare in terms of moment-to-moment affect in such approaches as Experience Sampling or the Day Reconstruction Method.
GIANT: geo-informative attributes for location recognition and exploration

This paper considers the problem of automatically discovering geo-informative attributes for location recognition and exploration. The attribute is expected to be both discriminative and representative, which corresponds to a distinctive visual pattern and associates with semantic interpretation. For solution, we analyze the attribute at region level. Each segmented region in the training set is assigned a binary latent variable indicating its discriminative capability. A latent learning framework is proposed for discriminative region detection and geo-informative attribute discovery. Moreover, we use user-generated content to obtain the semantic interpretation for the discovered visual attribute. The proposed approach are evaluated on one challenging dataset including GoogleStreetView and Flickr photos. Experimental results show that: (1) geo-informative attribute are discriminative and useful for location recognition; (2) the discovered semantic interpretation is meaningful and can be exploited for further explorations.
Reduced Cisplatin Sensitivity of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines Correlates with Mutations Affecting the COOH-Terminal Nuclear Localization Signal of p53

Purpose: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are the most frequent malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract. Cisplatin resistance is a major problem in the treatment of a large number of HNSCC cancer patients. In this study, nine randomly selected HNSCC cell lines were investigated regarding expression, presence of mutations, nucleocytoplasmic distribution of p53, and sensitivity to cisplatin. Experimental Design: Protein expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis. The whole open reading frame of p53 was determined by reverse transcription-PCR sequencing. Nucleocytoplasmic distribution was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide viability assay was used to test for cisplatin sensitivity. Results: p53 mutations were found in all nine investigated HNSCC cell lines. Nuclear p53 signal was detected in six cell lines, whereas three cell lines exhibited total loss of nuclear p53 signal. Nuclear signal depended on the presence or absence of the COOH-terminal nuclear localization signal in p53. Cisplatin sensitivity was highly reduced in the group with loss of nuclear p53 signal compared with those with detectable nuclear signal. Transfection of wild-type and mutant p53 into a rat embryonic cell system showed highly reduced activity of the nuclear localization signal mutant p53 protein. Conclusion: Taken together, these data suggest that “loss of nuclear p53 signal” correlates with cisplatin resistance in HNSCC. If these results can be validated on a larger number of tumor samples, including fresh tumor tissues, it potentially could help in sparing a subgroup of HNSCC patients the side effects associated with unnecessary chemotherapy by identifying cisplatin nonresponders before chemotherapy induction.
Action Spectrum for the Suppression of Arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase Activity in the Two‐spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae

An action spectrum was obtained for the suppression of arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (NAT) activity in the two‐spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae by irradiating the mite with monochromatic lights of various wavelengths using the Okazaki Large Spectrograph at the National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan. Fluence–response curves were obtained for wavelengths between 300 and 650 nm by irradiating the mite for 4 h day−1. The samples were frozen after the third exposure. A negative correlation between the logarithmic fluence rate and NAT activity was detected in the range of 0.01–1 μmol m−2 s−1 for wavelengths between 300 and 500 nm and in the range of 0.1–10 μmol m−2 s−1 for wavelengths between 550 and 650 nm. The constructed action spectrum indicated that the photoreceptors mediating the circadian and/or photoperiodic systems might be UV‐A‐ and blue‐type photoreceptors with absorption peaks at 350 and 450 nm.
Bmc International Health and Human Rights an Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort: a Unique Resource for a Life Course Study of an Indigenous Population. a Study Protocol

Background: The global rise of Type 2 diabetes and its complications has drawn attention to the burden of non-communicable diseases on populations undergoing epidemiological transition. The life course approach of a birth cohort has the potential to increase our understanding of the development of these chronic diseases. In 1987 we sought to establish an Australian Indigenous birth cohort to be used as a resource for descriptive and analytical studies with particular attention on non-communicable diseases. The focus of this report is the methodology of recruiting and following-up an Aboriginal birth cohort of mobile subjects belonging to diverse cultural and language groups living in a large sparsely populated area in the Top End of the Northern Territory of Australia.
Active network management using distributed constraint optimisation

A fully distributed intelligence and control philosophy is needed for future flexible grids to facilitate the low carbon transition and the adoption of emerging network technologies. Future grids need scalable network management solutions in order to cope with the increase in uncertainty and complexity. Fundamental research in intelligent systems and network control will deliver the next generation of intelligent electricity network. This paper presents a network management function formalised as a Distributed Constraint Optimization (DCOP) problem, in particular power flow management. DCOP is an approach to negotiation and arbitration within decentralised control systems where conflicting control decisions arise. Furthermore, the problem will be visualized and decomposed as a factor graph which is a graphical presentation of factorization of a global function into a product of local functions. Additionally, a message passing algorithm, the max-sum algorithm, will be applied which can provide almost optimal results for decentralised coordination problems and limits the computation and communication problems.
Test-Taking Motivation and Personality Test Validity

In this study we assessed whether the predictive validity of personality scores is stronger when respondent test-taking motivation (TTM) is higher rather than lower. Results from a field sample comprising 269 employees provided evidence for this moderation effect for one trait, Steadfastness. However, for Conscientiousness, valid criterion prediction was only obtained at low levels of TTM. Thus, it appears that TTM relates to the criterion validity of personality testing differently depending on the personality trait assessed. Overall, these and additional findings regarding the nomological net of TTM suggest that it is a unique construct that may have significant implications when personality assessment is used in personnel selection.
Analysis of the DNA sequence of a 15,500 bp fragment near the left telomere of chromosome XV from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals a putative sugar transporter, a carboxypeptidase homologue and two new open reading frames

We report the sequence of a 15·5 kb DNA segment located near the left telomere of chromosome XV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sequence contains nine open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp. Three of them are internal to other ones. One corresponds to the gene LGT3 that encodes a putative sugar transporter. Three adjacent ORFs were separated by two stop codons in frame. These ORFs presented homology with the gene CPS1 that encodes carboxypeptidase S. The stop codons were not found in the same sequence derived from another yeast strain. Two other ORFs without significant homology in databases were also found. One of them, O0420, is very rich in serine and threonine and presents a series of repeated or similar amino acid stretches along the sequence. The nucleotide sequence has been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession Number X89715.
Epac1 mediates protein kinase A–independent mechanism of forskolin-activated intestinal chloride secretion

Intestinal Cl− secretion is stimulated by cyclic AMP (cAMP) and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). Recent studies show that protein kinase A (PKA) and the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) are downstream targets of cAMP. Therefore, we tested whether both PKA and Epac are involved in forskolin (FSK)/cAMP-stimulated Cl− secretion. Human intestinal T84 cells and mouse small intestine were used for short circuit current (Isc) measurement in response to agonist-stimulated Cl− secretion. FSK-stimulated Cl− secretion was completely inhibited by the additive effects of the PKA inhibitor, H89 (1 µM), and the [Ca2+]i chelator, 1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid, tetraacetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM; 25 µM). Both FSK and the Epac activator 8-pCPT-2’-O-Me-cAMP (50 µM) elevated [Ca2+]i, activated Ras-related protein 2, and induced Cl− secretion in intact or basolateral membrane–permeabilized T84 cells and mouse ileal sheets. The effects of 8-pCPT-2’-O-Me-cAMP were completely abolished by BAPTA-AM, but not by H89. In contrast, T84 cells with silenced Epac1 had a reduced Isc response to FSK, and this response was completely inhibited by H89, but not by the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 or BAPTA-AM. The stimulatory effect of 8-pCPT-2’-O-Me-cAMP on Cl− secretion was not abolished by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance (CFTR) inhibitor 172 or glibenclamide, suggesting that CFTR channels are not involved. This was confirmed by lack of effect of 8-pCPT-2’-O-Me-cAMP on whole cell patch clamp recordings of CFTR currents in Chinese hamster ovary cells transiently expressing the human CFTR channel. Furthermore, biophysical characterization of the Epac1-dependent Cl− conductance of T84 cells mounted in Ussing chambers suggested that this conductance was hyperpolarization activated, inwardly rectifying, and displayed a Cl−>Br−>I− permeability sequence. These results led us to conclude that the Epac-Rap-PLC-[Ca2+]i signaling pathway is involved in cAMP-stimulated Cl− secretion, which is carried by a novel, previously undescribed Cl− channel.
Environmental risk factors and children’s literacy skills during the transition to elementary school

This study examined the effects of the accumulation of family risk factors on children’s literacy skills, both in preschool and in first grade. Children’s (N = 106) vocabulary, conventions of print, phonological awareness, knowledge of letters, reading decoding, and reading comprehension were assessed. Family risk factors, consisting of household composition, years of maternal education, job situation of the mother, and income level of the family, were combined to create a cumulative risk index. Canonical correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed. Results revealed the negative impact of cumulative risk index on both the preschool and first-grade literacy skills. In addition, the number of risk factors present in the family context negatively predicted the majority of the firstgrade literacy skills, after taking preschool skills into account. The results provide further evidence of the negative impact of the accumulation of family risks on child literacy development and call attention to the importance of early experiences for later academic achievement.
Predictors of study success from a teacher’s perspective of the quality of the built environment

The article aims to find predictors of study success from a teacher’s perspective that relate to the built environment. The research is based on a national online survey among 1752 teachers at 18 Dutch Universities of Applied Sciences. Multivariate data analyses were used to test the hypothesis that the quality of spatial and functional aspects at educational institutions is positively related to study success. The results show there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the perceived quality of cleanliness, classrooms, classroom conditions, front office and ICT with study success. Closed environments like offices and meeting rooms, but foremost the size of the education institution, relate negatively to study success. Based on the research findings it is clear that a prime consideration in educational built environment design is to facilitate social interaction, and to create meaningful, clean, self-contained and small-scale physical settings for users within large institutions.
Unraveling the Meaning of Family

Abstract The definition of “family” has taken on multiple meanings in the larger social context in recent years. This qualitative study of 36 divorced nonresidential parents explores how their definition and meaning of family is affected post-divorce. Systems-level influences and past and present individual experiences appear to shape nonresidential parents' definition of family. A dialectical tension over the definition of family and boundaries surrounding family is created for nonresidential parents leaving some to question traditional definitions as they are faced with the reality of their current family configuration.
A novel member of the glycosyltransferase family, β3Gn‐T2, highly downregulated in invasive human bladder transitional cell carcinomas

Differential display reverse transcription (DDRT)–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to compare the transcriptomes of invasive and noninvasive fresh human bladder transitional cell carcinomas. A differentially expressed novel gene sharing structural similarity with the human β3‐galactosyltransferase family, β‐1,3‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase‐T2 (β3Gn‐T2), was identified. The full‐length β3Gn‐T2 cDNA, containing a complete open reading frame of 1193 bp, was cloned and sequenced. β3Gn‐T2 exhibited 29–41% homology to the multigene β3‐galactosyltransferase family. Expression of the full‐length β3Gn‐T2 cDNA in an in vitro coupled transcription/translation assay yielded a primary translation product with an apparent Mr of 46 kDa, which is in agreement with the predicted 397‐amino‐acid protein encoded by β3Gn‐T2. Multiple peptide alignment showed several sequence motifs corresponding to putative catalytic domains that are conserved throughout all members of the β3‐galactosyltransferase family, namely, a type II transmembrane domain, a conserved DxD motif, an N‐glycosylation site, and five conserved cysteins. By RT‐PCR strong downregulation of β3Gn‐T2 expression was noted in invasive human bladder transitional cell carcinomas (16 fresh biopsy samples: grade III, T2–T4) compared with their noninvasive counterparts (15 fresh biopsies: grade II, Ta), suggesting that β3Gn‐T2 may be involved in cancer progression. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Site‐directed mutagenesis of the human D antigen: definition of D epitopes on the sixth external domain of the D protein expressed on K562 cells

BACKGROUND: The antigens of the human Rh system are of great clinical significance in transfusion medicine and pregnancy. Of the Rh system antigens, D is clinically the most important, being one of the most immunogenic structures arising from human cells. The human D antigen represents a collection of epitopes expressed on a red cell membrane protein that is predicted to have 12 membrane‐spanning segments giving rise to six exofacial domains.
Genetic alterations of JAK/STAT cascade and histone modification in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma nasal type

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma nasal type (ENKL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that more frequently occurs in East Asia and Latin America. Even though its molecular background has been discussed in the last few years, the current knowledge does not explain the disease pathogenesis in most cases of ENKL. Here, we performed multiple types of next-generation sequencing on 34 ENKL samples, including whole-exome sequencing (9 cancer tissues and 4 cancer cell lines), targeted sequencing (21 cancer tissues), and RNA sequencing (3 cancer tissues and 4 cancer cell lines). Mutations were found most frequently in 3 genes, STAT3, BCOR, and MLL2 (which were present in 9, 7, and 6 cancer samples, respectively), whereas there were only 2 cases of JAK3 mutation. In total, JAK/STAT pathway- and histone modification-related genes accounted for 55.9% and 38.2% of cancer samples, respectively, and their involvement in ENKL pathogenesis was also supported by gene expression analysis. In addition, we provided 177 genes upregulated only in cancer tissues, which appear to be linked with angiocentric and angiodestructive growth of ENKL. In this study, we propose several novel driver genes of ENKL, and show that these genes and their functional groups may be future therapeutic targets of this disease.