Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel salient inner stator Partitioned Stator Switched Flux PM machine

A novel salient inner stator Partitioned Stator Switched Flux PM machine is proposed in this paper. The proposed machine combines the operation principles of the partitioned stators and the outer-rotor switched flux permanent magnet machine. It employs the rotor and stator of a partitioned stator switched flux machine as a rotor and an outer stator respectively and the stator of outer-rotor switched flux PM machine as a salient inner stator. Applying this design, the iron core material of the inner stator can be reduced to half, while the average output torque and electromagnetic performances are not changed. As a consequence the machine is lighter, higher in torque density, and more cost effective.
MdWRKY9 overexpression confers intensive dwarfing in the M26 rootstock of apple by directly inhibiting brassinosteroid synthetase MdDWF4 expression.

Dwarfing rootstocks enable high-density planting and are therefore highly desirable in modern apple (Malus domestica) production. M26 is a semi-dwarfing rootstock that is used worldwide, but identifying intensive dwarfing rootstock is a major goal of apple breeding programs. Herein, we show that MdWRKY9 mediates dwarfing by directly inhibiting the transcription of the brassinosteroid (BR) rate-limiting synthetase MdDWF4 and reducing BR production. We found that the transcriptional factor MdWRKY9 is highly expressed in all tested dwarfing rootstocks. Transgenic lines of M26 rootstock overexpressing MdWRKY9 exhibit further dwarfing, which resulted from the reduced BR levels and was reversed via exogenous brassinolide treatment. Both an in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis and an in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) indicated that MdWRKY9 binds to the promoter of MdDWF4. Furthermore, MdWRKY9 repressed MdDWF4 expression in stable transgenic apple plants as determined by quantitative PCR. In addition, RNA-interfered expression of MdWRKY9 in transiently transformed apple calli led to a significant increase of MdDWF4, suggesting MdWRKY9 plays a critical role in regulating the expression of MdDWF4. We report a novel dwarfing mechanism in perennial woody plants that involves WRKY-controlled BR production, and present a new dwarfing M26 rootstock for potential applications in apple production.
Two MATE Transporters with Different Subcellular Localization are Involved in Al Tolerance in Buckwheat

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) shows high tolerance to aluminum (Al) toxicity, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for this high Al tolerance are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the involvement of two MATE (multi-drug and toxic compound extrusion) genes in Al tolerance. Both FeMATE1 and FeMATE2 showed efflux transport activity for citrate, but not for oxalate when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. A transient assay with buckwheat leaf protoplasts using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion showed that FeMATE1 was mainly localized to the plasma membrane, whereas FeMATE2 was localized to the trans-Golgi and Golgi. The expression of FeMATE1 was induced by Al only in the roots, but that of FeMATE2 was up-regulated in both the roots and leaves. Furthermore, the expression of both genes only responded to Al toxicity, but not to other stresses including low pH, cadmium (Cd) and lanthanum (La). Heterologous expression of FeMATE1 or FeMATE2 in the Arabidopsis mutant atmate partially rescued its Al tolerance. Expression of FeMATE1 also partially recovered the Al-induced secretion of citrate in the transgenic lines, whereas expression of FeMATE2 did not complement the citrate secretion. Further physiological analysis showed that buckwheat roots also secreted citrate in addition to oxalate in response to Al in a dose-responsive manner. Taken together, our results indicate that FeMATE1 is involved in the Al-activated citrate secretion in the roots, while FeMATE2 is probably responsible for transporting citrate into the Golgi system for the internal detoxification of Al in the roots and leaves of buckwheat.
How did you find your physician

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate what sources of information consumers are utilizing when they are selecting physicians, and if there are any differences in the types of sources they evaluate when searching for information for themselves versus searching for someone else (e.g. loved ones). Design/methodology/approach – Focus groups and personal interviews were conducted based on a convenience sampling approach.Findings – Consumers no longer depend on subjective sources such as word of mouth (WOM), but also look at objective internet sources. When searching for information for somebody else, consumers refer to more sources and prefer objective sources of information, such as the internet. When searching for loved ones, consumers spend more time and effort as they want to give the best possible advice.Research limitations/implications – The study focused only on baby‐boomers. Hence, the results may not be extended to other segments. Hospitals and other not‐for‐profit groups providing health care info.
Changes in the Cannabinoid Receptor Binding, G Protein Coupling, and Cyclic AMP Cascade in the CNS of Rats Tolerant to and Dependent on the Synthetic Cannabinoid Compound CP55,940

Abstract: Chronic exposure to CP55,940 produced a significant down‐regulation of cannabinoid receptors in the striatum, cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of rat brain. At 24 h after SR141716‐precipitated withdrawal, we observed a tendency to return to basal levels in the striatum and cortex, whereas the specific binding remained lower in the hippocampus and cerebellum. When we surveyed cannabinoid receptor‐activated G proteins, in chronic CP55,940‐treated rats the guanosine 5′‐O‐(3‐[35S]thiotriphosphate) ([35S]GTPγS) binding assay revealed a decrease of activated G proteins in the striatum, cortex, and hippocampus, whereas no significant changes were seen in the cerebellum. At 24 h after the SR141716‐precipitated withdrawal, [35S]GTPγS binding increased compared with that of rats chronically exposed to CP55,940, attaining the control level except for cerebellum, where we observed a trend to overcome the control amounts. Concerning the cyclic AMP (cAMP) cascade, which represents the major intracellular signaling pathway activated by cannabinoid receptors, in the cerebral areas from rats chronically exposed to CP55,940 we found alteration in neither cAMP levels nor protein kinase A activity. In the brain regions taken from CP55,940‐withdrawn rats, we only observed a significant up‐regulation in the cerebellum. Our findings suggest that receptor desensitization and down‐regulation are strictly involved in the development of cannabinoid tolerance, whereas alterations in the cAMP cascade in the cerebellum could be relevant in the mediation of the motor component of cannabinoid abstinence.
A new intrinsic parameter extraction approach for small-signal model of AlGaN/GaN devices

In this paper, a new intrinsic parameter extraction approach for small-signal model of AlGaN/GaN device is presented. This approach applies approximation and iteration to extract intrinsic parameters. This improved approach is reliable and accurate, and the simulation of the determined small-signal equitable circuit fits the measurement perfectly up to 40 GHz.
Stage-specific DNA methylation in a fungal plant pathogen

Significantly more 5-methylcytosine residues were found in the DNA from the dormant sclerotia of Phymatotrichum omnivorum than in the DNA from the metabolically active mycelia of the fungus, as shown by high-pressure liquid chromatography of acid-hydrolyzed DNA digests and by restriction of the DNA with the isoschizomers MspI and HpaII. N6-Methyladenine was not detected in GATC sequences in the DNA isolated from either stage.
Disparities in Access to Care and Satisfaction among U.S. Children: The Roles of Race/Ethnicity and Poverty Status

Objectives. The study assessed the progress made toward reducing racial and ethnic disparities in access to health care among U.S. children between 1996 and 2000. Methods. Data are from the Household Component of the 1996 and 2000 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Bivariate associations of combinations of race/ethnicity and poverty status groups were examined with four measures of access to health care and a single measure of satisfaction. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of race/ethnicity with access, controlling for sociodemographic factors associated with access to care. To highlight the role of income, we present models with and without controlling for poverty status. Results. Racial and ethnic minority children experience significant deficits in accessing medical care compared with whites. Asians, Hispanics, and blacks were less likely than whites to have a usual source of care, health professional or doctor visit, and dental visit in the past year. Asians were more likely than whites to be dissatisfied with the quality of medical care in 2000 (but not 1996), while blacks and Hispanics were more likely than whites to be dissatisfied with the quality of medical care in 1996 (but not in 2000). Both before and after controlling for health insurance coverage, poverty status, health status, and several other factors associated with access to care, these disparities in access to care persisted between 1996 and 2000. Conclusions. Continued monitoring of racial and ethnic differences is necessary in light of the persistence of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in access to care. Given national goals to achieve equity in health care and eliminate racial/ethnic disparities in health, greater attention needs to be paid to the interplay of race/ethnicity factors and poverty status in influencing access.
Extraction of Separated Source and Drain Resistances in Amorphous Indium–Gallium–Zinc Oxide TFTs Through $C$– $V$ Characterization

Considering asymmetry caused by layout, process, and device degradation, separate extraction of the source and drain resistances, i.e., <i>RS</i> and <i>RD</i>, respectively, from the total resistance <i>R</i><sub>TOT</sub> is very important in the design, modeling, and characterization of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). Due to the insulated gate structure, however, separate extraction is difficult through direct-current <i>I</i>-<i>V</i> characterization. In this letter, we propose a simple and useful technique for separate extraction of <i>RS</i> from <i>RD</i> in a-IGZO TFTs through a two-terminal parallel-mode <i>C</i> -<i>V</i> technique. We experimentally verified the validity of the proposed technique by comparing the result with the source-to-drain resistance from the <i>I</i>-<i>V</i> characteristics.
Parallel Implementation of Decision-Aided Maximum-Likelihood Phase Estimation in Coherent $M$ -ary Phase-Shift Keying Systems

To make decision-aided (DA) maximum-likelihood (ML) phase estimation suitable for real-time processing, a parallel implementation is proposed. The variance of the phase error using the parallel DA ML is analytically examined. The bit-error-rate performance is also analytically investigated in different M-ary phase-shift keying (PSK) systems. The results show that parallel DA ML can outperform block Mth-power in binary PSK format, while suffering performance penalty originating from parallelism and pipelining in high-order PSK formats.
A Juvenile form of Postsynaptic Hippocampal Long‐Term Potentiation in Mice Deficient for the AMPA Receptor Subunit GluR‐A

In adult mice, long‐term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission at CA3‐to‐CA1 synapses induced by tetanic stimulation requires l‐α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptors containing GluR‐A subunits. Here, we report a GluR‐A‐independent form of LTP, which is comparable in size to LTP in wild‐type mice at postnatal day 14 (P14) but diminishes between P14 and P42 in brain slices of GluR‐A‐deficient mice. The GluR‐A‐independent form of LTP is sensitive to d(−)‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoic acid (d‐AP5), but lacks short‐term potentiation (STP) and can also be observed in the pairing induction protocol. As judged by unaltered paired‐pulse facilitation, this LTP form is postsynaptically expressed despite depleted extrasynaptic AMPA receptor pools with reduced levels of GluR‐B, which accumulates in somata and synapses of CA1 pyramidal neurons in GluR‐A‐deficient mice. Our results show that in the developing hippocampus synaptic plasticity can be expressed by AMPA receptors lacking the GluR‐A subunit.
Expression of cyclin A, B1 and D1 after induction of cell cycle arrest in the Jurkat cell line exposed to doxorubicin

Jurkat human lymphoblastoid cells were incubated in increasing concentrations of doxorubicin (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 μM) to induce cell death, and their expression of cyclin A, B1 and D1 was evaluated by flow cytometry (cell cycle progression, Annexin V assay, percentages and levels of each of the cyclins), transmission electron microscopy (ultrastructure) and confocal fluorescence microscopy (expression and intracellular localization of cyclins). After low‐dose doxorubicin treatment, Jurkat cells responded mainly by G2/M arrest, which was related to increased cyclin B1, A and D1 levels, a low level of apoptosis and/or mitotic catastrophe. The influence of doxorubicin on levels and/or localization of selected cyclins was confirmed, which may in turn contribute to the G2/M arrest induced by the drug.
Incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Conservation of fatty‐acyl saturation in phosphatidylinositol

Saccharomyces cerevisiae was grown anaerobically in media supplemented with myritoleic 14:1(9c), palmitoleic 16:1(9c), oleic 18:1(9c), linoleic 18:2(9,12c), γ‐linolenic 18:3(9,12,15c) or eicosenoic 20:1(11c) acid. Cells from exponential‐phase cultures contained approximately the same proportions of the major phospholipid classes, namely phosphatidycholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine, the greatest differences being detected in cells grown in the presence of 14:1(9c) or 20:1(11c) acids. The extent to which phospholipids from cells were enriched with residues of the exogenously supplied acid varied from 52% in cells grown in the presence of 14:1(9c) acid to 13% in cells grown in media supplemented with 20:1(11c) acid. Analysis of the fatty‐acyl composition of the four major phospholipid classes revealed that the degree of unsaturation varied considerably in three of the classes, while phosphatidylinositol conserved a high degree of saturation. The possible significance of the latter finding in relation to the physiological role of phosphatidylinositol in the plasma membrane is discussed.
A Distinct Class of Internal Ribosomal Entry Site in Members of the Kobuvirus and Proposed Salivirus and Paraturdivirus Genera of the Picornaviridae

ABSTRACT The 5′-untranslated regions (5′ UTRs) of picornavirus genomes contain an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) that promotes the end-independent initiation of translation. Picornavirus IRESs are classified into four structurally distinct groups, each with different initiation factor requirements. Here, we identify a fifth IRES class in members of Kobuvirus, Salivirus, and Paraturdivirus genera of Picornaviridae: Aichi virus (AV), bovine kobuvirus (BKV), canine kobuvirus (CKoV), mouse kobuvirus (MKoV), sheep kobuvirus (SKV), salivirus A (SV-A), turdivirus 2 (TV2), and TV3. The 410-nucleotide (nt)-long AV IRES comprises four domains (I to L), including a hairpin (L) that overlaps a Yn-Xm-AUG (pyrimidine tract/spacer/initiation codon) motif. SV-A, CKoV, and MKoV also contain these four domains, whereas BKV, SKV, and TV2/TV3 5′ UTRs contain domains that are related to domain I and equivalent to domains J and K but lack an AV-like domain L. These IRESs are located at different relative positions between a conserved 5′-terminal origin of replication and divergent coding sequences. Elements in these IRESs also occur elsewhere: domain J's apical subdomain, which contains a GNRA tetraloop, matches an element in type 1 IRESs, and eIF4G-binding motifs in domain K and in type 2 IRESs are identical. Other elements are unique, and their presence leads to unique initiation factor requirements. In vitro reconstitution experiments showed that like AV, but in contrast to other currently characterized IRESs, SV-A requires the DExH-box protein DHX29 during initiation, which likely ensures that the initiation codon sequestered in domain L is properly accommodated in the ribosomal mRNA-binding cleft.
Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 Receptor Messenger RNA Expression in Corneal Cells

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hot-blotting methods were used to identify fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor- 1-specific messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) sequences in cDNA samples prepared from human corneal endothelial cell cultures with proliferative and senescent morphology, an ex vivo corneal epithelium sample, two primary corneal epithelial cell cultures, two third-passage corneal epithelial cell cultures, and two stromal fibroblast cultures. The PCR primers used in this study distinguished mRNAs coding for three aminoterminal motifs (alpha, beta, and gamma) of the FGF receptor- 1 that are derived by alternative splicing from a single genomic sequence. Messenger RNA molecules coding for FGF receptor-1 amino-terminal motif were detected in corneal endothelial and epithelial cells. The alpha and beta amino-terminal motif, but not the gamma amino-terminal motif, mRNAs were detected in stromal fibroblasts. The gamma motif lacks a known signal sequence for membrane translocation and is thought to represent an intracellular form of the FGF receptor-1. Identification of mRNA coding for FGF receptor-1 along with the previous identification of basic FGF mRNA and protein in corneal endothelial, epithelial, and stromal fibroblast cells suggests an autocrine and/or paracrine role for basic FGF in the physiology of the cornea.
K+ channels and cardiac electrophysiology

This special issue of The Journal of Physiology includes two reviews (or white papers), seven original research papers, and corresponding perspectives, and focuses on the theme of cardiac K+ channels and cardiacc electrophysiology. Heart diseases including arrhythmias and heart failure (HF) are major cause of mortality and morbidity for both men and women in the developed world. In the heart, K+ channels are largely responsible for stabilizing the resting membrane potential and repolarization of the action potential (AP). A variety of K+ channel types with differential voltage-gating and regulation characteristics work in concert to fine-tune the normal AP. Abnormalities in K+ currents can alter AP duration and profile (i.e. long QT, short QT, early afterdepolariztion), leading to cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, understanding the detailed inner workings of these K+ channels is critically important for developing both a solid quantitative understanding of cardiac electrophysiology and more effective therapies to prevent and treat heart diseases.
2.5-Gb/s modulated widely tunable laser using an electroabsorption modulated DFB array and MEMS selection

A widely tunable 2.5-Gb/s modulated source using a distributed feedback (DFB) array and electroabsorption (EA) modulators is demonstrated. In order to overcome the optical bandwidth limitation of a single modulator, a 12 element array of modulators with varying bandgaps is integrated with a corresponding DFB array at different wavelengths. Selective area growth enables the bandgap of the modulators to be finely adjusted at a 10-/spl mu/m pitch. A microelectromechanical system mirror selects the output of a particular EA and couples the light into fiber. Uniform high-speed modulation could be obtained in a butterfly package over a 36-nm tuning range.
Partitioned-based Fuzzy Clustering to Learn Documents' Triadic Similarity

With the development of the Web and the high availability of storage spaces, more and more documents become accessible. For that reason, similarity learning suffers from a scalability problem in both memory use and computational time when a data set is large. This paper provides a fuzzy triadic similarity measure to calculate memberships in a context of document co-clustering. It allows computing simultaneously fuzzy co-similarity matrices between documents/sentences and sentences/words. Each one is built on the basis of the others. The proposed model is extended to tackle the problem of large data sets by a splitting architecture which deals with a new fuzzy triadic similarity to parallelize both memory use and computation on distributed computers. This architecture is based on fuzzy clustering for partitioning data sets into similar groups (or clusters) in order to create more coherent sub-sets.
Spectral Imaging Using Basis Lights

Antony Lam1 http://research.nii. ac.jp/~antony Art Subpa-Asa2 art@set.or. th Imari Sato1 http://research.nii. ac.jp/~imarik Takahiro Okabe3 http://www.pluto. ai.kyutech. ac.jp/~okabe Yoichi Sato4 http://www.hci. iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~ysato 1 National Institute of Informatics Tokyo, Japan 2 The Stock Exchange of Thailand Bangkok, Thailand 3 Kyushu Institute of Technology Fukuoka, Japan 4 The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
Technology adoption as a multi-stage process

This study proposes that technology adoption be considered as a multi-stage process constituting several distinct stages. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), Ettlie’s adoption stages and by employing data gathered from 162 owners of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), our findings show that the determinants of the intention to adopt packaged software fluctuate significantly across adoption stages.
Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Clinical Applications

The ability of organic electrochemical transistors is explored to record human electrophysiological signals of clinical relevance. An organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) that shows a high (>1 mS) transconductance at zero applied gate voltage is used, necessitating only one power supply to bias the drain, while the gate circuit is driven by cutaneous electrical potentials. The OECT is successful in recording cardiac rhythm, eye movement, and brain activity of a human volunteer. These results pave the way for applications of OECTs as an amplifying transducer for human electrophysiology.
Watershed‐ng: an extensible distributed stream processing framework

Most high‐performance data processing (a.k.a. big data) systems allow users to express their computation using abstractions (like MapReduce), which simplify the extraction of parallelism from applications. Most frameworks, however, do not allow users to specify how communication must take place: That element is deeply embedded into the run‐time system abstractions, making changes hard to implement. In this work, we describe Wathershed‐ng, our re‐engineering of the Watershed system, a framework based on the filter–stream paradigm and originally focused on continuous stream processing. Like other big‐data environments, Watershed provided object‐oriented abstractions to express computation (filters), but the implementation of streams was a run‐time system element. By isolating stream functionality into appropriate classes, combination of communication patterns and reuse of common message handling functions (like compression and blocking) become possible. The new architecture even allows the design of new communication patterns, for example, allowing users to choose MPI, TCP, or shared memory implementations of communication channels as their problem demands. Applications designed for the new interface showed reductions in code size on the order of 50% and above in some cases. The performance results also showed significant improvements, because some implementation bottlenecks were removed in the re‐engineering process. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.