Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional Constrained Chaos and Time in Innovation: An analysis of industrial revolution cycles

Many issues in cycles and fluctuations cannot be explained without multiple state variables. Time needed for innovation is one such issue. This study uncovers, and provides a new characterization for, ergodic chaos with two state variables and builds a model of innovation highlighting time in innovation and intellectual property protection. We demonstrate that the explosive industrial takeoffs and Kondratieff's long waves over the past two centuries and a half may be explained as a single equilibrium phenomenon. Time in innovation tends to stabilize chaotic innovation dynamics. Intellectual property protection is a necessary condition for chaotic takeoffs from the no-innovation phase.
Tinjauan Wawasan Kaum Milineal Menghadapi Pelaksanaan Pesta Demokrasi

Abstrak Terselenggarannya pesta demokrasi di Negara Indonesia, merupakan bentuk program dan kewajiban dalam memilih pemimpin kepala daerah atau negara serta calon perwakilan rakyat yang akan mendapatkan amanah dari masyarkat untuk memajukan dan mensejahterakan Negaranya. Perlu diketehui bahwa pelaksanaan pesta demokrasi tidak lepas dari semua golongan, lapisan atau komponen unsur negara, yaitu masyrakat. Berjalannya pesta demokrasi, ditentukan dari suara pemilih yang tidak bisa dianggap remeh, salah satunya adalah dari golongan atau generasi millenial yaitu; para remaja, pemuda-pemudi, dari jenjang pelajar, mahasiswa yang dinyatakan sudah mendapatkan hak pilih suara untuk memberikan sumbangsih dalam penentu bakal calon pemimpin atau perwakilan dalam praktek pelaksanaan pemilihan umum. Perlu digaris bawahi juga, bahwa permasalahan yang sering terjadi pada jalannya pelaksanaan pesta demokrasi di negara hukum Indonesia saat ini, tentunya sudah menjadi hal yang sangat perlu dikhawatirkan. Untuk itulah dilakukan penelitian yang diambil dari survey kepada para generasi millenial akan wawasan pengetehuan dan intelektual yang mereka ketahui terhadap pelaksanaan pemilihan umum yang tidak jauh dari pendidikan politik untuk para generasi yang nantinya juga akan ikut menjadi bagian dari penerus kemajuan bangsa ini. Pendekatan sosiologis dalam penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang diharapkan sehingga, generasi millenial dapat menjadikan wawasan dan pengetahuan yang positif untuk ikut serta mensukseskan jalannya pesta demokrasi dengan memberikan hak konstituen yang tepat serta benar agar kemajuan dan berkembangnya negara ini sesuai dengan harapan yang termaktub dalam Mukadimah UUD 1945 Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Kata Kunci : Generasi, Millenial, Pesta Demokrasi, Negara
Identification of plasmid-encoded mannose-resistant hemagglutinin and HEp-2 and HeLa cell adherence factors of two diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains belonging to an enteropathogenic serogroup

Two Escherichia coli strains (B/M 369 and C-35) belonging to enteropathogenic serogroup O86 were isolated from patients with infantile diarrhea and studied with respect to their cellular adherence properties. Both strains exhibited adherence (Ad+) to HEp-2 and HeLa cell monolayers in vitro and expressed mannose-resistant hemagglutinating (MRHA+) activity towards human, chicken, and sheep (but not mouse, rabbit, or guinea pig) erythrocytes. Cellular adherence properties of both strains could be substantially reduced by pronase treatment and by heat treatment (100 degrees C for 5 min) of bacteria. Electron microscopic examination failed to reveal fimbria- or pilus-like structures on the bacterial cell surface. Conjugation experiments conducted with these strains suggested that both MRHA and HEp-2 and HeLa cell adherence factors were encoded by the same plasmid, with a size of 55 to 57 megadaltons (MDa). Further biochemical studies indicated that the cellular adherence factors were associated with cell surface structures of bacteria that were proteinaceous in nature. An antiserum, rendered specific for the 57-MDa plasmid (pRP201) products of B/M 369 by adsorption, reacted with both MRHA+ Ad+ strains, B/M 369 and C-35, but not with their 57- or 55-MDa plasmidless MRHA- Ad- transconjugants or with other MRHA- Ad- E. coli strains. Immunological studies showed that the absorbed antiserum recognized two proteins with subunit molecular sizes of 18 and 14.5 kDa that were present on the cell surfaces of both strains. Furthermore, the absorbed antiserum at subagglutinating dilutions did inhibit, although only partially, the MRHA and HEp-2 and HeLa cell adherence activities of both E. coli strains. All these results would indicate that some of the E. coli strains belonging to enteropathogenic serogroups express their adherence potential through factors that were hitherto unrecognized.
Readability and Research Impact

Abstract I ask whether the writing quality affects a research paper’s impact. Using papers published in the American Economic Review between 2000 and 2009 I apply a standardized readability metric to score the quality of the writing of the introduction section of each paper. Using citation counts to measure research’s impact, I show a statistically significant relationship between the two. The hardest to read papers suffer a reduction in citations by up to 1 5 of a standard deviation.
[Standardization and issues of rheumatoid factor measurement].

OBJECTIVES To disclose the current situation of rheumatoid factor (RF) measurement in Japan. METHOD A small-scale survey was performed among members of the committee for the improvement of RF measurement in 2003 using manufacturers' RF reference materials valued based on WHO RF reference and pooled sera. A nationwide questionnaire survey was also performed. Questionnaires were sent to 356 educational institutes certified by the Japan College of Rheumatology in December 2004. RESULTS The small-scale survey showed inter-laboratory differences of measured RF values, especially using RF references, and less in pooled sera. In the questionnaire survey (187 responses, recovery, 53%), qualitative or semi-quantitative RF measurement methods were used in a small number of institutes and quantitative methods were used in large numbers of institutes, the latex immunoassay (turbidimetric or nepherometric) was predominantly employed. The measuring instruments were various. The upper limit of the reference interval was distributed widely from 5 IU/ml to 40 IU/ml, indicating obvious inter-laboratory differences in RF measurement. Many institutes used the reference intervals recommended by the manufacturers. CONCLUSION There are remarkable inter-laboratory differences in RF measurement. Clearly, one of the major issues is the lack of reference materials. We therefore need to establish a reference material of RF, even if it is a temporary one. Scientific societies (Japan College of Rheumatology and Japanese Society of Laboratory Medicine) and manufacturers providing RF measurement reagents should work together for the improvement of RF measurement.
Impact of each camera on multiple camera visual speech recognizer using ANOVA: A brief study

Multiple camera fusion technique is an imperative part of multi-camera computer vision applications. Visual modality plays a vital role in computer vision systems when the acoustic modality is corrupted by the background noise. Multiple camera protocol allows the user to move freely and can provide complementary information to each other. This study shows the influence of each camera on visual speech recognizer using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). We choose a real world four cameras audio-visual corpus “AVICAR” for this study. ANOVA is applied to the each pair of the camera to explore the effect of different viewing angle. This ANOVA test shows the influence of side and central faced camera on AVICAR visual speech recognizer (VSR). Based on the ANOVA F-statistics test multiple camera streams are fused into one visual feature vector. Dynamic visual speech information is captured using Motion History Images (MHI). Zernike Moments (ZM) are used as the visual feature to carry out the study. Four camera visual features show ample improvement over single camera visual features across all driving condition.
Finding ReMO (Related Memory Object): A Simple Neural Architecture for Text based Reasoning

Memory Network based models have shown a remarkable progress on the task of relational reasoning. Recently, a simpler yet powerful neural network module called Relation Network (RN) has been introduced. Despite its architectural simplicity, the time complexity of relation network grows quadratically with data, hence limiting its application to tasks with a large-scaled memory. We introduce Related Memory Network, an end-to-end neural network architecture exploiting both memory network and relation network structures. We follow memory network's four components while each component operates similar to the relation network without taking a pair of objects. As a result, our model is as simple as RN but the computational complexity is reduced to linear time. It achieves the state-of-the-art results in jointly trained bAbI-10k story-based question answering and bAbI dialog dataset.
The IBM HeadTracking Pointer: Improvements in vision-based pointer control

Vision-based head trackers have been around for some years and are even beginning to be commercialized, but problems remain with respect to usability. Users without the ability to use traditional pointing devices – the intended audience of such systems – have no alternative if the automatic bootstrapping process fails. There is room for improvement in face tracking, and the pointer movement dynamics do not support accurate and efficient pointing. This paper describes the IBM HeadTracking Pointer, a system which attempts to directly address some of these issues. Head gestures are used to provide the end user a greater level of autonomous control over the system. A novel face-tracking algorithm reduces drift under variable lighting conditions, allowing the use of absolute, rather than relative, pointer positioning. Most importantly, the pointer dynamics have been designed to take into account the constraints of head-based pointing, with a non-linear gain which allows stability in fine pointer movement, high speed on long transitions and adjustability to support users with different movement dynamics. User studies have identified some difficulties with training the system and some characteristics of the pointer motion that take time to get used to, but also good user feedback and very promising performance results.
A Scandinavian ‘high-tax, high-spend’ model for regions? The impact of enhanced regional fiscal autonomy

ABSTRACT The fiscal powers of the Scottish government have increased significantly, resulting in the first (modest) regional differences in income tax rates within the UK. In fact, the current degree of fiscal autonomy would permit a radical shift towards a high-tax, high-spend ‘Scandinavian model’. It is found that the impact of such a change on the Scottish economy is likely to be positive only if the public value the increased public spending and are willing, and able, to accept a corresponding reduction in their take-home pay. It is concluded that the current bargaining system is unlikely to deliver such an outcome.
“Working Hard With It”: Self‐management of Type 2 Diabetes by Rural African Americans

The specific aims of this study were to describe the experience of self-managing type 2 diabetes among rural dwelling African Americans, to identify facilitators and barriers to self-management, to describe the use of prescribed and alternative therapies, and to elicit recommendations for programs of diabetes care. Ten focus groups were held in 3 rural communities. Men and women were in separate groups with facilitators matched by race and gender. Seventy-three participants attended the focus groups to discuss the management of diabetes. Group sessions were tape-recorded and transcribed; field notes were also taken. Data were analyzed using Folio Views software and were reviewed by the multidisciplinary team. Results indicate both unique and common themes from this population.
Building up and breaking down: mechanisms controlling recombination during replication

Abstract The complete and faithful duplication of the genome is an essential prerequisite for proliferating cells to maintain genome integrity. This objective is greatly challenged by DNA damage encountered during replication, which causes fork stalling and in certain cases, fork breakage. DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathways mitigate the effects on fork stability induced by replication fork stalling by mediating damage-bypass and replication fork restart. These DDT mechanisms, largely relying on homologous recombination (HR) and specialized polymerases, can however contribute to genome rearrangements and mutagenesis. There is a profound connection between replication and recombination: recombination proteins protect replication forks from nuclease-mediated degradation of the nascent DNA strands and facilitate replication completion in cells challenged by DNA damage. Moreover, in case of fork collapse and formation of double strand breaks (DSBs), the recombination factors present or recruited to the fork facilitate HR-mediated DSB repair, which is primarily error-free. Disruption of HR is inexorably linked to genome instability, but the premature activation of HR during replication often leads to genome rearrangements. Faithful replication necessitates the downregulation of HR and disruption of active RAD51 filaments at replication forks, but upon persistent fork stalling, building up of HR is critical for the reorganization of the replication fork and for filling-in of the gaps associated with discontinuous replication induced by DNA lesions. Here we summarize and reflect on our understanding of the mechanisms that either suppress recombination or locally enhance it during replication, and the principles that underlie this regulation.
Quantitation of the Effect of Hydroxylamine on Rhodopsin Palmitylation †

Rhodopsin (the photosensitive rod visual pigment) has been a model for photobiologic studies of the opsins as well as a structural model for G‐protein‐coupled receptors. The two palmitate groups attached to cysteines 322 and 323 are thought to serve as membrane anchors for the rhodopsin C‐terminus, but the absence of the palmitates does not alter membrane localization. However, removal of the palmitates affects rhodopsin function. Therefore, it is important to quantitate the stability of rhodopsin palmitates to hydroxylamine, which is a widely utilized reagent in biochemical preparations of the apoprotein. We have developed a mass spectrometric method to quantitate the resulting opsin palmitylation. Our data show that both of the bovine rhodopsin palmitates are labile to hydroxylamine, with significant depalmitylation occurring at concentrations of ≥100 mm, with an EC50 of 220 mm L−1. The palmitate at position 322 is the more stable to hydroxylamine. Samples prepared in the presence of >50 mm should therefore be considered to be at least partially depalmitylated and the results interpreted accordingly.
Closing the dura: dural hitching versus surgicel and tisseel overlay graft in craniocervicaldecompression for Chiari 1 malformation

Abstract Background: This study compares dural hitching to surgicel and tisseel overlay graft following craniocervical decompression and C1 laminectomy with simple durotomy for Chiari I malformation. Outcome measures were syrinx decompression, headache resolution and complication rates. Methods: A retrospective analysis of case notes was conducted. Patients who had undergone craniocervical decompression (CCD) were grouped by method of dural closure. Outcomes compared were rates of syrinx decompression, headache resolution, and post-operative complications. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS v20. Results: We identified 32 adult patients for inclusion in this study. 53.1% (n = 17) had asyrinx, and 78.1% (n = 25) had a pre-operative headache. All were treated with suboccipital craniectomy, C1 laminectomy (with or without C2 laminectomy), and durotomy. The dura was either left open by dural hitching (n = 23) or closed with surgicel and tisseel overlay graft (n = 9). We found a statistically significant association between the method of dural closure and the rate of syrinx resolution. Resolution occurred in 91.7% (n = 11) of the hitching group, compared to 20.0% (n = 1) of the overlay graft group: Χ2(1) = 5.6, p = . 018. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the rates of headache resolution or other complications. Conclusions: In patients with symptomatic Chiari I malformation and associated syringomyelia, syrinx resolution is more likely if the dura is hitched open rather than closed bysurgicel and tisseel overlay graft after durotomy.
India in 2018

Like the previous year, 2018 was marked by a series of vigilante attacks and gruesome acts of violence against women. The Supreme Court passed important gender-related progressive judgements, yet the institution and other public bodies witnessed unprecedented infighting, scandal, and politicization. The Indian economy showed increased growth. The year witnessed the first major electoral setback since 2014 for the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party, and foreshadowed what will likely be a hotly contested general election in 2019.
The Brazilian Twin Registry

The Brazilian Twin Registry (BTR) was established in 2013 and has impelled twin research in South America. The main aim of the initiative was to create a resource that would be accessible to the Brazilian scientific community as well as international researchers interested in the investigation of the contribution of genetic and environmental factors in the development of common diseases, phenotypes, and human behavior traits. The BTR is a joint effort between academic and governmental institutions from Brazil and Australia. The collaboration includes the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) in Brazil, the University of Sydney and University of Melbourne in Australia, the Australian Twin Registry, as well as the research foundations CNPq and CAPES in Brazil. The BTR is a member of the International Network of Twin Registries. Recruitment strategies used to register twins have been through participation in a longitudinal study investigating genetic and environmental factors for low back pain occurrence, and from a variety of sources including media campaigns and social networking. Currently, 291 twins are registered in the BTR, with data on demographics, zygosity, anthropometrics, and health history having been collected from 151 twins using a standardized self-reported questionnaire. Future BTR plans include the registration of thousands of Brazilian twins identified from different sources and collaborate nationally and internationally with other research groups interested on twin studies.
Bribery in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Mediating Effects of Institutional Development and Trust

The issue of bribery raises questions about the implications of institutional development and trust in the raw material industry. This paper uses theories of institutionalism and trust to explore path dependence arguments seeking to explain the resource curse puzzle. Institutional development and trust are examined as potential mediators linking mineral extraction/processing to bribery in sub-Saharan African countries. The model suggests potential factors linking raw material industries to institutional development and institutional development to the degradation of interpersonal and generalized trust. The proposed model is tested with data on a sample of sub-Saharan African countries using multilevel logistic regression with promising results.
FNS: an event-driven spiking neural network simulator based on the LIFL neuron model

Limitations in processing capabilities and memory of today's computers make spiking neuron-based (human) whole-brain simulations inevitably characterized by a compromise between bio-plausibility and computational cost. It translates into brain models composed of a reduced number of neurons and a simplified neuron's mathematical model, leading to the search for new simulation strategies. Taking advantage of the sparse character of brain-like computation, the event-driven technique could represent a way to carry out efficient simulation of large-scale Spiking Neural Networks (SNN). The recent Leaky Integrate-and-Fire with Latency (LIFL) spiking neuron model is event-driven compatible and exhibits some realistic neuronal features, opening new avenues for brain modelling. In this paper we introduce FNS, the first LIFL-based spiking neural network framework, which combines spiking/synaptic neural modelling with the event-driven approach, allowing us to define heterogeneous neuron modules and multi-scale connectivity with delayed connections and plastic synapses. In order to allow multi-thread implementations a novel parallelization strategy is also introduced. This paper presents mathematical models, software implementation and simulation routines on which FNS is based. Finally, a brain subnetwork is modeled on the basis of real brain structural data, and the resulting simulated activity is compared with associated brain functional (source-space MEG) data, demonstrating a good matching between the activity of the model and that of the experimetal data. This work aims to lay the groundwork for future event-driven based personalised brain models.
Heterochrony in the regulation of the developing marsupial limb

Background: At birth, marsupial neonates have precociously developed forelimbs. The development of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) hindlimbs lags significantly behind that of the forelimbs. This differs from the grey short‐tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica, which has relatively similar fore‐ and hindlimbs at birth. This study examines the expression of the key patterning genes TBX4, TBX5, PITX1, FGF8, and SHH in developing limb buds in the tammar wallaby. Results: All genes examined were highly conserved with orthologues from opossum and mouse. TBX4 expression appeared earlier in development than in the mouse, but later than in the opossum. SHH expression is restricted to the zone of polarising activity, while TBX5 (forelimb) and PITX1 (hindlimb) showed diffuse mRNA expression. FGF8 is specifically localised to the apical ectodermal ridge, which is more prominent than in the opossum. Conclusions: The most marked divergence in limb size in marsupials occurs in the kangaroos and wallabies. The faster development of the fore limb compared to that of the hind limb correlates with the early timing of the expression of the key patterning genes in these limbs. Developmental Dynamics 243:324–338, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Semantic Retrieval in DNA‐Based Memories with Gibbs Energy Models

At least three types of associative memories based on DNA‐affinity have been proposed. Previously, we have quantified the quality of retrieval of genomic and abiotic information in simulation by comparison to state‐of‐the‐art symbolic methods available, such as LSA (Latent Semantic Analysis). Their performance is poor when the evaluation criterion for DNA‐affinity is a simple approximation of the Gibbs energy that governs duplex formation for retrievals. Here, we use a more realistic approximation of the Gibbs energy to improve semantic retrievals in DNA memories. Their performance is much closer to that of LSA, according to human expert ratings. With more realistic approximations of DNA affinity, performance is expected to improve for other, more adaptive associative memories with compaction in silico, and even more so with actual DNA molecules in vitro.