Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Enhanced IFC Label Model to meet Application Policy Requirements

In recent projects we have investigated the use of Information Flow Control (IFC) for distributed and cloud computing. As reported elsewhere, we designed and implemented an Operating System (OS) kernel-loadable module for Linux (FlowK) to enforce IFC, and enhanced our SBUS middleware to be IFC-compliant (SBUS-IFC). FlowK’s label model follows established practice for IFC in languages and OS, but unlike others and with cloud deployment in mind, FlowK’s implementation aims to minimise the reengineering necessary in order to use IFC. We present the original FlowK model, then discuss difficulties we found in expressing and enforcing policies for certain applications, making the use of IFC impracticable for them. We then present a novel, enhanced label model (FlowK2) which subsumes that of FlowK. FlowK2 enables more concise and accurate expression of policy, according to the Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP). We have implemented FlowK2 and have carried out a comparative evaluation, showing similar overhead to current IFC implementations.
M5 based EDGE architecture modeling

EDGE (Explicit Data Graph Execution) architectures, a class of architectures distinct from traditional RISC and CISC architectures, have advantages that align well with current technology trends such as power limitations and the need for adaptive exploitation of parallelism. To better understand the architectural and microarchitectural design spaces of EDGE architectures, we have developed a flexible M5-based simulator for EDGE architectures. m5_edge includes a general high-level timing model and ISA support of one specific EDGE ISA. The high-level timing model is not designed to target a specific implementation but common characteristics of EDGE architectures, permitting faster development of a range of microarchitectures. The M5 infrastructure was used because of its high functionality and performance fidelity. The specific EDGE ISA we support is the TRIPS ISA, due to its well-specified ISA and relatively mature compiler. m5_edge can execute binaries generated by the TRIPS toolchain and provides a high-level simulation template for EDGE architectures. Our experimental results show that the difference in execution cycles of m5_edge is within 11% on average, compared to the cycle-accurate simulator provided by the TRIPS group. Thus, m5_edge benefits from both the flexible infrastructure of M5 and acceptable model accuracy, while maintaining both reasonable simulation speed and the ability to quickly explore EDGE-based microarchitectural design spaces.
Variation-Aware Supply Voltage Assignment for Simultaneous Power and Aging Optimization

As technology scales, negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) has become a major reliability concern for circuit designers. And the growing process variations can no longer be ignored. Meanwhile, reducing power consumption remains to be one of the design goals. In this paper, a variation-aware supply voltage assignment (SVA) technique combining dual Vdd assignment and dynamic Vdd scaling is proposed on a statistical platform, to minimize circuit power under an aging-aware timing constraint. The experimental results show that our SVA technique can mitigate on average 62% of the NBTI-induced circuit delay degradation. Compared with guard-banding and single Vdd scaling approaches, our approach saves more energy.
Safe open-nested transactions through ownership

Researchers in transactional memory (TM) have proposed open nesting as a methodology for increasing the concurrency of transactional programs. The idea is to ignore ``low-level'' memory operations of an open-nested transaction when detecting conflicts for its parent transaction, and instead perform abstract concurrency control for the ``high-level'' operation that the nested transaction represents. To support this methodology, TM systems use an open-nested commit mechanism that commits all changes performed by an open-nested transaction directly to memory, thereby avoiding low-level conflicts. Unfortunately, because the TM runtime is unaware of the different levels of memory, unconstrained use of open-nested commits can lead to anomalous program behavior. We describe the framework of ownership-aware transactional memory which incorporates the notion of modules into the TM system and requires that transactions and data be associated with specific transactional modules or Xmodules. We propose a new ownership-aware commit mechanism, a hybrid between an open-nested and closed-nested commit which commits a piece of data differently depending on which Xmodule owns the data. Moreover, we provide a set of precise constraints on interactions and sharing of data among the Xmodules based on familiar notions of abstraction. The ownership-aware commit mechanism and these restrictions on Xmodules allow us to prove that ownership-aware TM has clean memory-level semantics. In particular, it guarantees serializability by modules, an adaptation of the definition of multilevel serializability from database systems. In addition, we describe how a programmer can specify Xmodules and ownership in a Java-like language. Our type system can enforce most of the constraints required by ownership-aware TM statically, and can enforce the remaining constraints dynamically. Finally, we prove that if transactions in the process of aborting obey restrictions on their memory footprint, then ownership-aware TM is free from semantic deadlock.
FPGA acceleration of Monte-Carlo based credit derivative pricing

In recent years the financial world has seen an increasing demand for faster risk simulations, driven by growth in client portfolios. Traditionally many financial models employ Monte-Carlo simulation, which can take excessively long to compute in software. This paper describes a hardware implementation for collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) pricing, using the one-factor Gaussian copula (OFGC) model. We explore the precision requirements and the resulting resource utilization for each number representation. Our results show that our hardware implementation mapped onto a Xilinx XC5VSX50T is over 63 times faster than a software implementation running on a 3.4 GHz Intel Xeon processor.
Transfer of twelve charges is needed to open skeletal muscle Na+ channels

Voltage-dependent Na+ channels are thought to sense membrane potential with fixed charges located within the membrane's electrical field. Measurement of open probability (Po) as a function of membrane potential gives a quantitative indication of the number of such charges that move through the field in opening the channel. We have used single- channel recording to measure skeletal muscle Na+ channel open probability at its most negative extreme, where channels may open as seldom as once per minute. To prevent fast inactivation from masking the voltage dependence of Po, we have generated a clone of the rat skeletal muscle Na+ channel that is lacking in fast inactivation (IFM1303QQQ). Using this mutant channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and the extra resolution afforded by single-channel analysis, we have extended the resolution of the hyperpolarized tail of the Po curve by four orders of magnitude. We show that previous measurements, which indicated a minimum of six effective gating charges, may have been made in a range of Po values that had not yet arrived at its limiting slope. In our preparation, a minimum of 12 charges must function in the activation gating of the channel. Our results will require reevaluation of kinetic models based on six charges, and they have major implications for the interpretation of S4 mutagenesis studies and structure/function models of the Na+ channel.
A Simulated Physiological/Cognitive "Double Agent"

This paper describes the cognitive capabilities of artificial intelligent agents in Maryland Virtual Patient (MVP), an environment that provides interactive, open-ended simulations of virtual patients for the training of medical personnel. The environment is implemented as an agent network that includes one human agent – the user – and a network of artificial agents. Some of the artificial agents have cognitive capabilities, like decision-making and the ability to communicate using natural language. It is on the virtual patient’s decision-making capabilities that this paper focuses.
Energy and workload management for data centers in renewable-integrated power grid

Recent advances such as high penetration of renewables, development of energy-efficient cooling facilities, and flexibility of distributed storage units, all call for a system-wide energy and workload management policy for future sustainable data centers. Leveraging stochastic optimization tools, a unified management approach is proposed allowing data centers to adaptively respond to renewable availability, cooling efficiency variation, workload shift, and energy price fluctuation under long-term quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. It is rigorously established that the proposed algorithm yields a feasible and near-optimal management strategy without knowing the distributions of random workload, renewable, and electricity price processes.
Tourism and sustainability: development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world 4th edition

Book file PDF easily for everyone and every device. You can download and read online Tourism and Sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the Third World file PDF Book only if you are registered here. And also you can download or read online all Book PDF file that related with Tourism and Sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the Third World book. Happy reading Tourism and Sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the Third World Bookeveryone. Download file Free Book PDF Tourism and Sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the Third World at Complete PDF Library. This Book have some digital formats such us :paperbook, ebook, kindle, epub, fb2 and another formats. Here is The Complete PDF Book Library. It's free to register here to get Book file PDF Tourism and Sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the Third World.
Anterograde Transport and Secretion of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor along Sensory Axons Promote Schwann Cell Myelination

The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) inhibits Schwann cell (SC) migration and promotes myelination via the p75 neurotrophin receptor (NTR). Despite these recent findings, the expression, localization, and mechanism of BDNF action has yet to be determined. Here we demonstrate that the sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are a major source of BDNF during postnatal development. The expression of BDNF is initially elevated before myelination and decreases dramatically after the onset of myelination. BDNF expression is controlled in part by transcriptional regulation and the increased expression of the truncated TrkB receptor on SCs. To investigate the possible mechanism of BDNF transport and release, multicompartment Campenot chambers were used. DRG neurons transported and secreted endogenous BDNF along the surface of axons in anterograde fashion. In an attempt to enhance myelination by SCs, DRG neurons were transduced with an adenovirus to overexpress BDNF. BDNF was transported and secreted along the axons and enhanced myelination when compared with control cocultures. Together, the events surrounding the expression, localization, and mechanism of BDNF action in DRG neurons may hint at potential therapeutic implications to efficiently promote remyelination.
Altered reward processing in adolescents with prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking.

IMPORTANCE Higher rates of substance use and dependence have been observed in the offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy. Animal studies indicate that prenatal exposure to nicotine alters the development of brain areas related to reward processing, which might be a risk factor for substance use and addiction later in life. However, no study has examined the effect of maternal smoking on the offspring's brain response during reward processing. OBJECTIVE To determine whether adolescents with prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking differ from their nonexposed peers in the response of the ventral striatum to the anticipation or the receipt of a reward. DESIGN An observational case-control study. SETTING Data were obtained from the IMAGEN Study, a European multicenter study of impulsivity, reinforcement sensitivity, and emotional reactivity in adolescents. The IMAGEN sample consists of 2078 healthy adolescents (age range, 13-15 years) recruited from March 1, 2008, through December 31, 2011, in local schools. PARTICIPANTS We assessed an IMAGEN subsample of 177 adolescents with prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and 177 nonexposed peers (age range, 13-15 years) matched by sex, maternal educational level, and imaging site. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE Response to reward in the ventral striatum measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS In prenatally exposed adolescents, we observed a weaker response in the ventral striatum during reward anticipation (left side, F = 14.98 [P < .001]; right side, F = 15.95 [P < .001]) compared with their nonexposed peers. No differences were found regarding the responsivity of the ventral striatum to the receipt of a reward (left side, F = 0.21 [P = .65]; right side, F = 0.47 [P = .49]). CONCLUSIONS The weaker responsivity of the ventral striatum to reward anticipation in prenatally exposed adolescents may represent a risk factor for substance use and development of addiction later in life. This result highlights the need for education and preventive measures to reduce smoking during pregnancy. Future analyses should assess whether prenatally exposed adolescents develop an increased risk for substance use and addiction and which role the reported neuronal differences during reward anticipation plays in this development.
MoocRec.com : Massive Open Online Courses Recommender System

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have recently gained a huge users’ attention on the Web. They are considered as a highly promising form of teaching from leading universities such as Stanford and Berkeley. MoocRec.com is a web site that recommends courses to users so that, they can acquire those skills, that are expected from their ideal job posting. MoocRec’s recommendation engine is based on Matrix Factorization (MF) model combined with Collaborative Filtering (CF) algorithm, which exploits information from external resources (i
Accuracy of Image Guidance Using Free-Breathing Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for Stereotactic Lung Radiotherapy

Movement of the target object during cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) leads to motion blurring artifacts. The accuracy of manual image matching in image-guided radiotherapy depends on the image quality. We aimed to assess the accuracy of target position localization using free-breathing CBCT during stereotactic lung radiotherapy. The Vero4DRT linear accelerator device was used for the examinations. Reference point discrepancies between the MV X-ray beam and the CBCT system were calculated using a phantom device with a centrally mounted steel ball. The precision of manual image matching between the CBCT and the averaged intensity (AI) images restructured from four-dimensional CT (4DCT) was estimated with a respiratory motion phantom, as determined in evaluations by five independent operators. Reference point discrepancies between the MV X-ray beam and the CBCT image-guidance systems, categorized as left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI), were 0.33 ± 0.09, 0.16 ± 0.07, and 0.05 ± 0.04 mm, respectively. The LR, AP, and SI values for residual errors from manual image matching were -0.03 ± 0.22, 0.07 ± 0.25, and -0.79 ± 0.68 mm, respectively. The accuracy of target position localization using the Vero4DRT system in our center was 1.07 ± 1.23 mm (2 SD). This study experimentally demonstrated the sufficient level of geometric accuracy using the free-breathing CBCT and the image-guidance system mounted on the Vero4DRT. However, the inter-observer variation and systematic localization error of image matching substantially affected the overall geometric accuracy. Therefore, when using the free-breathing CBCT images, careful consideration of image matching is especially important.
Mutated Pathways as a Guide to Adjuvant Therapy Treatments for Breast Cancer

Adjuvant therapy following breast cancer surgery generally consists of either a course of chemotherapy, if the cancer lacks hormone receptors, or a course of hormonal therapy, otherwise. Here, we report a correlation between adjuvant strategy and mutated pathway patterns. In particular, we find that for breast cancer patients, pathways enriched in nonsynonymous mutations in the chemotherapy group are distinct from those of the hormonal therapy group. We apply a recently developed method that identifies collaborative pathway groups for hormone and chemotherapy patients. A collaborative group of pathways is one in which each member is altered in the same—generally large—number of samples. In particular, we find the following: (i) a chemotherapy group consisting of three pathways and a hormone therapy group consisting of 20, the members of the two groups being mutually exclusive; (ii) each group is highly enriched in breast cancer drivers; and (iii) the pathway groups are correlates of subtype-based therapeutic recommendations. These results suggest that patient profiling using these pathway groups can potentially enable the development of personalized treatment plans that may be more accurate and specific than those currently available. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(1); 184–9. ©2015 AACR.
Molecular Determinants of the Response of Tumor Cells to Boswellic Acids

Frankincense (Boswellia serrata, B. carterii) is used as traditional remedy to treat inflammatory diseases. The molecular effects of the active ingredients, the boswellic acids, on the immune system have previously been studied and verified in several clinical studies. Boswellic acids also inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. The molecular basis of the cytotoxicity of boswellic acids is, however, not fully understood as yet. By mRNA-based microarray, COMPARE, and hierarchical cluster analyses, we identified a panel of genes from diverse functional groups, which were significantly associated with sensitivity or resistance of α- or β-boswellic acids, such as transcription factors, signal transducers, growth regulating genes, genes involved in RNA and protein metabolism and others. This indicates that boswellic acids exert profound cytotoxicity on cancer cells by a multiplicity of molecular mechanisms.
Stable vs. Unstable Markets: A Tale of Two States

One of the bedrocks of modern capital market theory is that market risk and related statistics are stable over the long run. Nobel prizes have been won for this insight, and it is taught in the best business schools. Regulations have also been written based upon this assumption. Yet, experience does not support this idea. We know that often markets have periods of relative stability, but they can also be followed by years where it seems that all is chaos (and not in the physics sense of the word). In academia, there are theories that compete with the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the main proponent of stable markets, but these competing theories are generally considered impractical since they don't lend themselves to easy solutions. The answers we often receive from the usable models, however, go horribly wrong when markets go south. Could it be that we're using those models simply because " the light is better here? " But how can we use the models that are " impractical? " In this paper, we show convincing evidence that there are actually two separate market states, each corresponding to these competing models. In essence, the CAPM and its critics are both right, but only part of the time. The implications from this for asset allocation and plan management are profound. There will be periods where using standard techniques for asset allocation or investment management will work well. When the environment changes, however, those processes may no longer work with reliability. This is particularly true of diversifi cation because assets that diversify one another in one state fail in the other state when they are truly needed. The rules change, and if investors hope to adapt successfully, they will need to know the new rules when the change occurs. This paper offers an explanation for that problem-two different market states causing assets to behave very differently. A subsequent paper will provide a roadmap to help asset owners anticipate and navigate deftly through the changes in market states. How do we distinguish these two market states? In one state, markets are statistically well behaved. They can be modeled using standard statistical analysis. Volatility is stable and low. Correlations are stable. Tail events (3 standard deviation or larger returns in either direction) are rare. The periods correspond to low volatility
Overwintering of Rabies Virus in Silver Haired Bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans)

Silver-haired bats, (Lasionycteris noctivagans) are semi-colonial, migratory tree bats that have infrequent contact with humans. Despite the species rarity, the L. noctivagans rabies variant is the most commonly reported rabies virus variant (RABV) in domestically acquired human rabies cases in the US. Unlike big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), L. noctivagans are not considered true hibernators. It is unknown if RABV can overwinter in hibernating L. noctivagans or is only maintained in members of this taxa that migrate to warmer climates. To better understand RABV overwintering in this species, L. noctivagans were inoculated intramuscularly with either a homologous RABV (L. noctivagans Virus 1) or one of two heterologous RABV (Eptesicus fuscus Virus 2 and Myotis lucifugus Virus 1). Five days following inoculation, L. noctivagans were placed in a hibernation chamber for 6 weeks. Our results demonstrate that rabies virus can overwinter in L. noctivagans yet the incubation period was extended 6 weeks when compared to bats maintained at ambient temperatures. Additionally, we found that the longer the incubation period, the greater the viral dissemination to the salivary glands. Similar to our previous studies, L. noctivagans were most susceptible to a homologous variant. In summary, we found that RABV incubation is extended following a subcutaneous exposure or maintenance in hibernation and longer incubation times increase dissemination and potential for transmission.
Indoor Localization System based on Artificial Landmarks and Monocular Vision

This paper presents a visual localization approach that is suitable for domestic and industrial environments as it enables accurate, reliable and robust pose estimation. The mobile robot is equipped with a single camera which update sits pose whenever a landmark is available on the field of view. The innovation presented by this research focuses on the artificial landmark system which has the ability to detect the presence of the robot, since both entities communicate with each other using an infrared signal protocol modulated in frequency. Besides this communication capability, each landmark has several high intensity light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that shine only for some instances according to the communication, which makes it possible for the camera shutter and the blinking of the LEDs to synchronize. This synchronization increases the system tolerance concerning changes in brightness in the ambient lights over time, independently of the landmarks location. Therefore, the environment’s ceiling is populated with several landmarks and an Extended Kalman Filter is used to combine the dead-reckoning and landmark information. This increases the flexibility of the system by reducing the number of landmarks required. The experimental evaluation was conducted in a real indoor environment with an autonomous wheelchair prototype.