Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multicore Chip Load Model for PDN Analysis Considering Voltage–Current-Timing Interdependency and Operation Mode Transitions

Power consumption and current fluctuation are continuously increasing in modern multicore systems. Such current flow may cause severe supply noise via off-chip and on-chip power delivery networks (PDN). Unexpected noise impacts the chip delay performance or even causes malfunction. In traditional practice, PDN designers assume a simple current source-based chip load, but it is often oversimplified, where the load current is modeled only for one or a few operation modes, and it is constant irrelevant to supply noise. In this paper, we propose a new chip load model that enables even off-chip PDN designers to assess the noise impact on circuit performance and use realistic current profile under supply voltage noise. We also integrate a control signal interface so that the model can switch the processor operation modes for finding unexpected noise behavior in design time and pursuing robust PDN design. Experimental results show that the proposed model mostly described by Verilog-A reproduces the current profile, current peak, and timing data well even while it achieves over $300\times $ run-time reduction compared to a transistor-level model. We also experimentally demonstrate that a land-side capacitor is helpful to improve processor timing performance in our test case.
3D Reconstruction Methods Based on Radial Basis Functions for Laser Scanned Data Point Sets

AbstractTwo new approaches of 3D implicit surfaces reconstruction with radial basis functions (RBFs) are proposed in this paper. With the first method, a point set is organized by a balanced binary tree. The cells are controlled to be mildly overlapped and to contain adequate number of points for efficiency and stability. In each subdomain, only one off-surface point in the quasi-normal direction which is estimated by an eigen analysis is used in RBF interpolation. Another method is least square RBFs. This method can overcome the problem of numerical ill-conditioning and over-fitting of traditional RBF reconstruction and it offers a methodology for reconstruction with less centers. These method are versatile and with topological flexibility and numerical efficiency.
Illumination Estimation Using a Multilinear Constraint on Dichromatic Planes

A new multilinear constraint on the color of the scene illuminant based on the dichromatic reflection model is proposed. The formulation a voids the problem, common to previous dichromatic methods, of having to fir st identify pixels corresponding to the same surface material. Once pixels from two or more materials have been identified, their corresponding di chromatic planes can be intersected to yield the illuminant color. However, it is not always easy to determine which pixels from an arbitrary region of an image belong to which dichromatic plane. The image region may cover an area of the scene encompassing several different materials and hence pixels from several different dichromatic planes. The new multilinear constraint accounts for this multiplicity of materials and provides a mechanism for choosing the most plausible illuminant from a finite set of candidate illumina nts. The performance of this new method is tested on a database of real images.
Response Preparation, Response Conflict, and the Effects of Irrelevant Flanker Stimuli

The present study explored how response preparation modulates the effects of response conflict as induced by irrelevant flanker stimuli. In Experiments 1 and 2, an unreliable response cue (i.e., valid in 75% of trials but invalid in 25% of trials) preceded the stimulus display containing a target stimulus and different types (i.e., identical, neutral, compatible, or incompatible) flanker stimuli. In Experiment 3, a fully reliable response cue (i.e., valid in 100% of trials) or a neutral cue preceded the stimulus display. There were two major findings. First, valid response cues always improved performance in terms of speed and accuracy when compared to invalid or neutral cues, indicating that the cues were used to selectively prepare the indicated response. Second, response preparation with unreliable response cues did not modulate flanker-induced response conflict in reaction times (RTs; and not consistently in error percentages), whereas response preparation with reliable cues eliminated flanker-induced response conflict. According to these results, only extreme levels of response preparation modulate (flanker-induced) response conflict. The results of computer simulations suggest some boundary conditions for our conclusion.
Recurrent Neural Machine Translation

The vanilla attention-based neural machine translation has achieved promising performance because of its capability in leveraging varying-length source annotations. However, this model still suffers from failures in long sentence translation, for its incapability in capturing long-term dependencies. In this paper, we propose a novel recurrent neural machine translation (RNMT), which not only preserves the ability to model varying-length source annotations but also better captures long-term dependencies. Instead of the conventional attention mechanism, RNMT employs a recurrent neural network to extract the context vector, where the target-side previous hidden state serves as its initial state, and the source annotations serve as its inputs. We refer to this new component as contexter. As the encoder, contexter and decoder in our model are all derivable recurrent neural networks, our model can still be trained end-to-end on large-scale corpus via stochastic algorithms. Experiments on Chinese-English translation tasks demonstrate the superiority of our model to attention-based neural machine translation, especially on long sentences. Besides, further analysis of the contexter revels that our model can implicitly reflect the alignment to source sentence.
Transepithelial Migration of Toxoplasma gondii Is Linked to Parasite Motility and Virulence

After oral ingestion, Toxoplasma gondii crosses the intestinal epithelium, disseminates into the deep tissues, and traverses biological barriers such as the placenta and the blood-brain barrier to reach sites where it causes severe pathology. To examine the cellular basis of these processes, migration of T. gondii was studied in vitro using polarized host cell monolayers and extracellular matrix. Transmigration required active parasite motility and the highly virulent type I strains consistently exhibited a superior migratory capacity than the nonvirulent type II and type III strains. Type I strain parasites also demonstrated a greater capacity for transmigration across mouse intestine ex vivo, and directly penetrated into the lamina propria and vascular endothelium. A subpopulation of virulent type I parasites exhibited a long distance migration (LDM) phenotype in vitro, that was not expressed by nonvirulent type II and type III strains. Cloning of parasites expressing the LDM phenotype resulted in substantial increase of migratory capacity in vitro and in vivo. The potential to up-regulate migratory capacity in T. gondii likely plays an important role in establishing new infections and in dissemination upon reactivation of chronic infections.
Forgive them for I have sinned: The relationship between guilt and forgiveness of others' transgressions.

Across four studies, guilt led to forgiveness of others’ transgressions. In Study 1, people prone to experience guilt (but not shame) were also prone to forgive others for past misdeeds. In Study 2, we manipulated harm- and inequity-based guilt; both increased forgiveness of others’ transgressions. Further, the effect of guilt on forgiveness was mediated by identification with the transgressor. In Study 3, we replicated the guilt-forgiveness relationship and examined three other plausible mediators: capability for similar wrongdoing, empathic understanding, and general identification; only identification with the transgressor satisfied the criteria for mediation. In Study 4, we induced guilt by asking participants to harm a friend or stranger. Guilt induced by harming a friend led to greater forgiveness of third-party transgressors, and again, identification with the transgressor mediated the effect. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding how the prosocial effects of guilt extend beyond the boundaries of a single interpersonal relationship.
A hospital outbreak of diarrhea due to an emerging epidemic strain of Clostridium difficile.

BACKGROUND Increased Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) in a hospital and an affiliated long-term care facility continued despite infection control measures. We investigated this outbreak to determine risk factors and transmission settings. METHODS The CDAD cases were compared according to where the disease was likely acquired based on health care exposure and characterization of isolates from case patients, asymptomatic carriers, and the environment. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, strain typing using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and toxinotyping were performed, and toxins A and B, binary toxin, and deletions in the tcdC gene were detected using polymerase chain reaction. Risk factors were examined in a case-control study, and overall antimicrobial use was compared at the hospital before and during the outbreak. RESULTS Significant increases were observed in hospital-acquired (0.19 vs 0.86; P < .001) and long-term care facility-acquired (0.04 vs 0.31; P = .004) CDAD cases per 100 admissions as a result of transmission of a toxinotype III strain at the hospital and a toxinotype 0 strain at the long-term care facility. The toxinotype III strain was positive for binary toxin, an 18-base pair deletion in tcdC, and increased resistance to fluoroquinolones. Independent risk factors for CDAD included use of fluoroquinolones (odds ratio [OR], 3.22; P = .04), cephalosporins (OR, 5.19; P = .006), and proton pump inhibitors (OR, 5.02; P = .02). A significant increase in fluoroquinolone use at the hospital took place during the outbreak (185.5 defined daily doses per 1000 patient-days vs 200.9 defined daily doses per 1000 patient-days; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The hospital outbreak of CDAD was caused by transmission of a more virulent, fluoroquinolone-resistant strain of C difficile. More selective fluoroquinolone and proton pump inhibitor use may be important in controlling and preventing such outbreaks.
Vowels and Consonants in the Brain: Evidence from Magnetoencephalographic Studies on the N1m in Normal-Hearing Listeners

Speech sound perception is one of the most fascinating tasks performed by the human brain. It involves a mapping from continuous acoustic waveforms onto the discrete phonological units computed to store words in the mental lexicon. In this article, we review the magnetoencephalographic studies that have explored the timing and morphology of the N1m component to investigate how vowels and consonants are computed and represented within the auditory cortex. The neurons that are involved in the N1m act to construct a sensory memory of the stimulus due to spatially and temporally distributed activation patterns within the auditory cortex. Indeed, localization of auditory fields maps in animals and humans suggested two levels of sound coding, a tonotopy dimension for spectral properties and a tonochrony dimension for temporal properties of sounds. When the stimulus is a complex speech sound, tonotopy and tonochrony data may give important information to assess whether the speech sound parsing and decoding are generated by pure bottom-up reflection of acoustic differences or whether they are additionally affected by top-down processes related to phonological categories. Hints supporting pure bottom-up processing coexist with hints supporting top-down abstract phoneme representation. Actually, N1m data (amplitude, latency, source generators, and hemispheric distribution) are limited and do not help to disentangle the issue. The nature of these limitations is discussed. Moreover, neurophysiological studies on animals and neuroimaging studies on humans have been taken into consideration. We compare also the N1m findings with the investigation of the magnetic mismatch negativity (MMNm) component and with the analogous electrical components, the N1 and the MMN. We conclude that N1 seems more sensitive to capture lateralization and hierarchical processes than N1m, although the data are very preliminary. Finally, we suggest that MEG data should be integrated with EEG data in the light of the neural oscillations framework and we propose some concerns that should be addressed by future investigations if we want to closely line up language research with issues at the core of the functional brain mechanisms.
The Research of S-Box Based on Reconstruction Design Method

In order to figure out the security problem in block cipher algorithm, the principle and the key steps of the reconstruction design are studied and analyzed, including the common models and research methods. After analysis and comparison, an S-box of the encryption algorithm based scheme is proposed and demonstrated, it combines the idea of reconstruction and the mathematical function. The simulation results show that the design improves the security of S-box effectively, and the avalanche effect is excellent as well as other properties. It could meet the needs of our application and work for the secure increase.
STABILITY OF PRODUCTION-INVENTORY CONTROL SYSTEMS CONSIDERING INVENTORY SHORTAGES

The modelling and analysis of the production-inventory control systems of manufacturing firms, is critical in understanding the dynamic behaviour of the firm in terms of fluctuations in inventory levels, production releases, stock-outs; and ultimately affecting the profit of the firm. The dynamic behaviour is said to arise from the interaction between the various system components over time (Sterman 2000). Mathematical programming techniques such as linear/non-linear/stochastic programming cannot adequately capture dynamic systems, characterized by delays, feedbacks and nonlinearities. A natural choice to examine the production and inventory dynamics is the application of system dynamics and control theoretic techniques. This often involves capturing of the production– inventory system using feedback-based structures (Forrester 1961, Towill 1982, Sterman 2000) and analysis of the system through the application of control theoretic tools such as block diagrams, and functional transformations (Disney et al. 2004). In this paper, stock-flow diagrams are employed to model the production-inventory system, which is then analyzed using z-transformation techniques. Regions of stability for the cases of infinite inventory coverage and limited inventory coverage are separately identified. The behaviour of the production-inventory system characterized by periods of excess inventory and periods of inventory shortages are analyzed and the results presented. The underlying model of the production ordering and inventory control system in this work is adapted from the generic stock management structure (Sterman 2000) and the Automated Pipeline Inventory and Order based Production Control System (APIOBPCS) family of models (Towill 1982, Disney et al. 2004). In this research, the above ordering rule is adapted to represent the production release ordering rules. However, the model developed in this research improves over the APIOBPCS model in the explicit inclusion of the order fulfilment non-linearity, i.e., the shipment is defined as a function of demand and inventory-on-hand to ensure that the shipment does not exceed the inventory on hand. The production & inventory management model is as shown in Figure 1, using stock-flow diagram. The sequence of operations in a given time period is as follows: Sales, Forecasting, Calculation of desired WIP and desired inventory, Determining the current period’s production release, Determining the production rate, Computing the current WIP and the current inventory levels. The underlying equations governing each function are as shown in Table 1 (Venkateswaran and Son, 2005). In Equation (1), the forecasted demand (FD) of the products is modelled as first order exponential smoothing of the customer sales rate (SALES), with a smoothing constant ρ. The shipment rate (SHIP) of the physical goods is determined as a function of the current demand and the inventory in stock, to ensure that the shipment does not exceed the inventory on hand (Equation (2)). WIP Inventory Production Order Rate (PREL) Production Rate (PRATE) Shipment Rate (SHIP)
Challenging the racialization of child sexual exploitation: Muslim men, racism and belonging in Rotherham

ABSTRACT This paper presents findings from original research exploring the impact on Muslim men of a child sexual exploitation scandal that attracted significant attention to the northern English town where they live and contributed to a sustained detrimental effect on local community relations. It foregrounds men’s accounts to reveal their agency and resilience in responding to racism that they identified as resulting from the scandal. It reveals how their accounts disrupt dominant discourses foregrounding Muslim self-segregation and lack of integration, demonstrating positive attachments and claims to localized space, and commitment to belonging. In doing so, it shows how men’s responses to racism challenge racialized forms of knowledge about Muslims. The paper draws attention to the significance of localized forms of belonging in facilitating the inclusion of Muslim minorities. It also highlights the importance of centring Muslim men as historically speaking subjects in accounts of issues involving them.
ARRAY ALGEBRA AUTOMATION OF 4-D IMAGING AND RANGE SENSING

Mathematical photogrammetry and geodesy pioneered some early applications of matrix and tensor calculus in the general theory of estimation and statistics. This theory together with fast transforms of signal processing was expanded since 1968 in author’s inventions of array algebra and loop inverses in Finland and Sweden, leading to 1975 employment with Duane Brown and other US pioneers of this field. Some 1975-83 R&D projects developed the fast finite element network adjustment for automated terrain edit, compression and progressive sampling of digital correlation and Least Squares Matching (LSM). This combined with fast strip and block adjustment techniques started some experimental 1984 array algebra work with GDE/BAE Systems and Helava Associates in San Diego during the softcopy transition period from analytical to digital. Automated edit of image, terrain and feature LSM registrations was integrated into several data-to-info conversion and fusion prototypes. Their theory and algorithms together with Least Squares Compression (LSC) predecessor of wavelet theory were reported in past ASPRS/ISPRS, SIAM and other conventions. This work resulted in nonlinear array algebra expansion of matrix, tensor, differential and integral calculus by late 1980’s. Its latest direct nonlinear solution technology of Fast Taylor Transform (FTT) tensor decomposing is enabling advanced 4-D imaging and range sensing concepts. The automated edit and fusion of these compressive registration and bundle adjustment techniques in array algebra are ideally completed in real-time as an integral part of future sensor design. This challenge requires various communities to adopt and continue the reported work.
Stochastic Representation of Conceptual Structure in the ATIS Task

We propose a model for a statistical representation of the conceptual structure in a restricted subset of spoken natural language. The model is used for segmenting a sentence into phrases and labeling them with concept relations (or cases). The model is trained using a corpus of annotated transcribed sentences. The performance of the model was assessed on two tasks, including DARPA ATIS class A sentences.
Overexpression of Cucumber Phospholipase D alpha Gene (CsPLDα) in Tobacco Enhanced Salinity Stress Tolerance by Regulating Na+–K+ Balance and Lipid Peroxidation

Plant phospholipase D (PLD), which can hydrolyze membrane phospholipids to produce phosphatidic acid (PA), a secondary signaling molecule, has been proposed to function in diverse plant stress responses. In this research, we characterized the roles of the cucumber phospholipase D alpha gene (PLDα, GenBank accession number EF363796) in growth and tolerance to short- and long-term salt stress in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Fresh and dry weights of roots, PLD activity and content, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene expression, Na+–K+ homeostasis, expression of genes encoding ion exchange, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and osmotic adjustment substances were investigated in wild type (WT) and CsPLDα-overexpression tobacco lines grown under short- and long-term high salt (250 mM) stress. Under short-term stress (5 h), in both overexpression lines, the PA content, and the expression levels of MAPK and several genes related to ion exchange (NtNHX1, NtNKT1, NtHAK1, NtNHA1, NtVAG1), were promoted by high PLD activity. Meanwhile, the Na+/K+ ratio decreased. Under long-term stress (16 days), ROS scavenging systems (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase activities) in leaves of transgenic lines were more active than those in WT plants. Meanwhile, the contents of proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein significantly increased. In contrast, the contents of O2•− and H2O2, the electrolytic leakage and the accumulation of malondialdehyde in leaves significantly decreased. The root fresh and dry weights of the overexpression lines increased significantly. Na+–K+ homeostasis had the same trend as under the short-term treatment. These findings suggested that CsPLDα-produced PA can activate the downstream signals’ adaptive response to alleviate the damage of salt stress, and the main strategies for adaptation to salt stress are the accumulation of osmoprotective compounds, maintaining Na+–K+ homeostasis and the scavenging of ROS, which function in the osmotic balancing and structural stabilization of membranes.
Compressed sensing and reconstruction with bernoulli matrices

Compressed sensing seeks to recover a sparse or compressible signal from a small number of linear and non-adaptive measurements. While most of the studies so far focus on the prominent Gaussian random measurements, we investigate the performances of matrices with Bernoulli distribution. As extensions of symmetric signs ensemble, random binary ensemble and semi-Hadamard ensemble are proposed as sensing matrices with simplex structures. Based on some results of symmetric signs ensemble and the concept of compressed sensing matrices, we obtain a theoretical result that signal compressed sensing using random binary matrices can be exactly reconstructed with high probability. In reconstruction processes, the fast and low-consumed orthogonal matching pursuit is adopted. Numerical results show that such matrices perform equally well to the Gaussian matrices.