Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliance on leaders and social institutions: An attachment perspective

Abstract The ramifications of attachment processes in adulthood at the societal level are explored, specifically, why and under what circumstances followers form attachment relationships with a leader, and how the variability in these relationships can reflect the followers' internal working models of attachment. It is argued that in crisis situations, individuals tend to form affectional bonds with (mostly charismatic) leaders that function in many respects like an attachment relationship between a child and a parent. Relations between individuals and various social institutions, such as community or state, are likewise portrayed as involving attachment dynamics. The provision of security and protection (the safe haven and the secure base functions) by social structures, institutions, and leaders is seen as needed because of the inherent perceived imperfection and fallibility of “regular” attachment figures in adulthood (e.g., parents, friends, and romantic partners). This reliance on leaders and social institutions is seen as reflecting the normative diversification in attachment dynamics that takes place with development. Cultural and individual variations in these processes are also considered.
Spectral-spatial hyperspectral image destriping using low-rank representation and Huber-Markov random fields

This paper presents a novel spectral-spatial destriping method for hyperspectral images. The ubiquitous striping noise in hyperspectral images might degrade the quality of the imagery and bring difficulties in hyperspectral data processing. Although numerous methods have been proposed for striping noise reduction recently, most of them fail to consider the spectral correlation and spatial information of the hyperspectral images simultaneously. In order to remedy this drawback, the proposed method integrates the spectral and spatial information to remove the striping noise in the hyperspectral images. To this end, firstly, the low-rank representation (LRR) is used to take advantage of the spectral information. Then, the spatial information is included using a Huber-Markov random field (MRF) prior model, which is convex and can well preserve the edge and texture information while removing the noise. The experimental results on simulated and real hyperspectral data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Capacitor-Swapping Cyclic A/D Conversion Techniques With Reduced Mismatch Sensitivity

This work proposes two capacitor-swapping techniques, random feedback-capacitor interchanging (RFCI) and averaging RFCI (ARFCI) techniques, for cyclic analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) to reduce the harmonic distortion caused by capacitor mismatch without trimming or calibration. The proposed RFCI and ARFCI techniques can be realized by simply rearranging the capacitor connections of the ADCs in different operation cycles. Hence, complicated circuits are not needed. The RFCI technique improves upon the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of conventional ADCs without sacrificing the signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR). The ARFCI technique has better SNDR characteristics but less SFDR improvement than RFCI. With RFCI and ARFCI, the capacitor matching requirement is relaxed for high SFDR and the capacitance can then be reduced to meet the SNDR requirement, reducing the driving capability of the opamps, and thus reducing the total power and area of the ADCs. The prior commutated feedback-capacitor switching (CFCS) technique (see Yu , 1996) has less effect on the SFDR of cyclic ADCs but improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This work proposes a reconfigurable cyclic ADC architecture that can be easily reconfigured to operate with one of the RFCI, ARFCI, and CFCS techniques by a simple timing control circuit. This reconfigurable topology provides three conversion characteristics with one item of intellectual property (IP), rather than three separate IPs and thus greatly enhances the capabilities of cyclic ADCs.
Hereditary dysphasic dementia and the Pick‐Alzheimer spectrum

Hereditary dysphasic dementia is described in terms of its clinicopathological, ultrastructural, and transmissibility characteristics. Its mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant, and its clinical manifestations of progressive dementia and severe dysphasic disturbances are expressed in late adulthood. Complete neuropathological examination of four patients reveals findings typical for Pick's disease (asymmetrical focal cerebral atrophy), Alzheimer's disease (profuse neuritic plaques), and paralysis agitans (neuronal depigmentation, depletion, and Lewy body formation in substantia nigra) in addition to a striking but nonspecific spongiform degeneration of superficial cortical layers. This unique combination of gross morphological and histopathological features qualifies hereditary dysphasic dementia as a distinct entity, but its precise relationship to the well‐recognized adult cortical dementias has been difficult to establish by conventional classification methods. This disorder and other unusual dementing illnesses may be best considered as part of a Pick‐Alzheimer spectrum of cortical neuronal degenerations.
Environmental Price of Game Animal Stocks

ABSTRACT Research has addressed the valuation of hunting and game species according to their extractive value, using both market and non-market methodologies. This study provides a new perspective to estimate environmental prices of game animals based on game hunting leases, population dynamics, the assumption of a steady state, and the use of the residual valuation method. This, in turn, allows the calculation of the contribution of game animal stock to total income from hunting and the value of game animal stock by species, sex, and age. These values are estimated in a manner that is consistent with the exchange value of national accounts, allowing improvement of game species valuation in ecosystem accounting.
Effect of water ingestion on endurance capacity during prolonged running.

This study examined the influence of water ingestion on endurance capacity during submaximal treadmill running. Four men and four women with a mean (+/-S.E.) age of 21.4 +/- 0.7 years, height of 169 +/- 2 cm, body mass of 63.1 +/- 2.9 kg and VO2 max of 51.1 +/- 1.8 ml kg-1 min-1, performed two randomly assigned treadmill runs at 70% VO2 max to exhaustion. No fluid was ingested during one trial (NF-trial), whereas a single water bolus of 3.0 ml kg-1 body mass was ingested immediately pre-exercise and serial feedings of 2.0 ml kg-1 body mass were ingested every 15 min during exercise in a fluid replacement trial (FR-trial). Run time for the NF-trial was 77.7 +/- 7.7 min, compared to 103 +/- 12.4 min for the FR-trial (P < 0.01). Body mass (corrected for water ingestion) decreased by 2.0 +/- 0.2% in the NF-trial and 2.7 +/- 0.2% in the FR-trial (P < 0.01), while plasma volume decreased by 1.1 +/- 1.1% and 3.5 +/- 1.1% in the two trials respectively (N.S.). However, these apparent differences in circulatory volume were not associated with differences in rectal temperature. Respiratory exchange ratios indicated increased carbohydrate metabolism (73% vs 64% of total energy expenditure) and suppressed fat metabolism after 75 min of exercise in the NF-trial compared with the FR-trial (NF-trial, 0.90 +/- 0.01; FR-trial, 0.86 +/- 0.03; P < 0.01). Blood glucose concentrations were similar in both trials, while blood lactate concentrations were higher in the NF-trial at the end of exercise (4.83 +/- 0.34 vs 4.18 +/- 0.38 mM; P < 0.05). In summary, water ingestion during prolonged running improved endurance capacity.
Hybrid Part of Speech tagger for Sinhala Language

This research presents a hybrid Part of Speech tagging approach which utilizes both rule based and stochastic tagging approaches for Sinhala Language. In the first phase, Hidden Markov Model based stochastic tagger is constructed which is based on bi-gram probabilities. A stemmer is used in the tagging process to enhance the accuracy of the tagger. An experiment on three POS tag set versions is carried out to come up with the best tag set which leads towards a meaningful and precise tagging process for Sinhala Language. Since Sinhala is a morphologically rich language, rules based on morphological features are used to predict the relevant tag for words which do not present in the training set. Further, an experiment is carried out to find out whether the implemented hybrid tagger can be used to enhance the size of the data set. The implemented hybrid tagger is successful in achieving an overall accuracy of 72% when the average unknown word percentage is 20%.
Between desire and rape – narratives about being intimate partners and becoming pregnant in a violent relationship

Background Women subjected to intimate partner violence (IPV) experience different forms of abuse. Sexual violence is often under-reported because physically abused women, in particular, might see forced sex as an obligatory part of the sexual interplay. Accordingly, abused women have less sexual autonomy and experience unplanned pregnancies more often than other women. Objective To describe and analyse nine Swedish women's retrospective stories about IPV with a focus on power and coping strategies as intimate partners, particularly regarding experiences of sex, contraception, and becoming pregnant. Design Nine qualitative interviews were carried out with women who had been subjected to very severe violence in their intimate relationships and during at least one pregnancy. The stories were analysed using ‘Narrative method’ with the emphasis on the women's lived experiences. Results Despite the violence and many contradictory and ambivalent feelings, two of the women described having sex as desirable, reciprocal and as a respite from the rest of the relationship. The other seven women gave a negative and totally different picture, and they viewed sex either as obligatory or as a necessity to prevent or soothe aggression or referred to it as rape and as something that was physically forced upon them. The women's descriptions of their pregnancies ranged from being carefully planned and mostly wanted to completely unwelcome and including flawed contraceptive efforts with subsequent abortions. Conclusions Women subjected to IPV have diverse and complex experiences that have effects on all parts of the relationship. Intimacy might for some turn into force and rape, but for others sex does not necessarily exclude pleasure and desire and can be a haven of rest from an otherwise violent relationship. Accordingly, women may tell stories that differ from the ones expected as ‘the typical abuse story’, and this complexity needs to be recognized and dealt with when women seek healthcare, especially concerning contraceptives, abortions, and pregnancies.
Mobile phones and the evolution of social behaviour

Today's mobile phone is a pervasive tool. It has become such an important aspect of a user's daily life that it has moved from being a mere 'technological object' to a key 'social object'. This paper explores the societal and human implications of advances in mobile technology, and notably the increasingly personalized nature of the mobile device. It argues that human and identity and social interaction have not been untouched by the mobile phenomenon.
Development of anonymous cDNA microarrays to study changes to the Senecio floral transcriptome during hybrid speciation

Interspecific hybridization is an important process through which abrupt speciation can occur. In recent years, genetic changes associated with hybrid speciation have been identified through a variety of techniques, including AFLP/SSR mapping, GISH/FISH and cDNA‐AFLP differential display. However, progress in using microarray technology to analyse whole genome/transcriptome changes associated with hybrid speciation has been limited due to the lack of extensive sequence data for many hybrid species and the difficulties in extrapolating results from commercially available microarrays for model species onto nonmodel hybrid taxa. Increasingly therefore researchers studying nonmodel systems are turning to the development of ‘anonymous’ cDNA microarrays, where the time and cost of producing microarrays is reduced by printing unsequenced cDNA clones, and sequencing only those clones that display interesting expression patterns. Here we describe the creation, testing and preliminary use of anonymous cDNA microarrays to study changes in floral transcriptome associated with allopolyploid speciation in the genus Senecio. We report a comparison of gene expression between the allohexaploid hybrid, Senecio cambrensis, its parental taxa Senecio squalidus (diploid) and Senecio vulgaris (tetraploid), and the intermediate triploid (sterile) hybrid Senecio×baxteri. Anonymous microarray analysis revealed dramatic differences in floral gene expression between these four taxa and demonstrates the power of this technique for studies of the genetic impact of hybridization in nonmodel flowering plants.
Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Development: Protocol for a 15-Year Longitudinal Follow-Up Study

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between physical activity as assessed by accelerometers and cognitive development across the human age ranges (from children and adolescents to adults). Additionally, this study seeks to explore whether physical activity contributes to cognitive development via modification of plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In the study, 500 preschool children (3.5–5.5 years old) are taking part in 6 triennial assessment waves over the span of 15 years. At each wave, participant measures included (a) 7-day physical activity monitoring using ActiGraph's GT3X accelerometers, (b) the evaluation of cognitive development, (c) anthropometric and physical fitness assessments, (d) plasma IGF-1 and BDNF concentrations, and (e) retrospective questionnaires. Linear regression models are used to examine the effect of physical activity on cognitive development; plasma IGF-1 and BDNF concentrations are considered as mediators into data analyses. The results of the study may help to inform future health interventions that utilize physical activity as a means to improve cognitive development in children, adolescents, and adults. Additionally, the study may assist in determining whether the putative effects occur via modification of plasma IGF-1 or BDNF concentrations.
Autophagy can promote but is not required for epithelial cell extrusion in the amnioserosa of the Drosophila embryo

During Drosophila embryogenesis the majority of the extra-embryonic epithelium known as the amnioserosa (AS) undergoes programmed cell death (PCD) following the completion of the morphogenetic process of dorsal closure. Approximately ten percent of AS cells, however, are eliminated during dorsal closure by extrusion from the epithelium. Using biosensors that report autophagy and caspase activity in vivo, we demonstrate that AS cell extrusion occurs in the context of elevated autophagy and caspase activation. Furthermore, we evaluate AS extrusion rates, autophagy, and caspase activation in embryos in which caspase activity or autophagy are altered by genetic manipulation. This includes using the GAL4/UAS system to drive expression of p35, reaper, dINRACT and Atg1 in the AS; we also analyze embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic expression of Atg1. Based on our results we suggest that autophagy can promote, but is not required for, epithelial extrusion and caspase activation in the amnioserosa.
Tag recommendation based on Paragraph Vector

With the rapid development of Q&A communities, the amount of questions present on Internet as “explosive” growth. Using tags to organize these questions is a reasonable and effective way. Most of traditional tag recommendations are based on bag-of-words as features. Despite their popularity, bag-of-words features ignore semantics and lose the ordering of the words. Paragraph Vector overcomes the weakness of bag-of-words model. Empirical results show that Paragraph Vector outperforms bag-of-words for tag recommendation.
Expected p-values in light of an ROC curve analysis applied to optimal multiple testing procedures

Many statistical studies report p-values for inferential purposes. In several scenarios, the stochastic aspect of p-values is neglected, which may contribute to drawing wrong conclusions in real data experiments. The stochastic nature of p-values makes their use to examine the performance of given testing procedures or associations between investigated factors to be difficult. We turn our focus on the modern statistical literature to address the expected p-value (EPV) as a measure of the performance of decision-making rules. During the course of our study, we prove that the EPV can be considered in the context of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a well-established biostatistical methodology. The ROC-based framework provides a new and efficient methodology for investigating and constructing statistical decision-making procedures, including: (1) evaluation and visualization of properties of the testing mechanisms, considering, e.g. partial EPVs; (2) developing optimal tests via the minimization of EPVs; (3) creation of novel methods for optimally combining multiple test statistics. We demonstrate that the proposed EPV-based approach allows us to maximize the integrated power of testing algorithms with respect to various significance levels. In an application, we use the proposed method to construct the optimal test and analyze a myocardial infarction disease dataset. We outline the usefulness of the “EPV/ROC” technique for evaluating different decision-making procedures, their constructions and properties with an eye towards practical applications.
Dynamic l-systems in GE

In this paper, I describe how to use Grammatical Evolution to implement a parameterized Lindenmayer System (L-System), where the number of production rules of the L-System is determined by the genome of the individual, rather than being determined by the user before hand. This leaves the number of production rules as a free parameter and allows the underlying topology of the system to be optimized by the evolutionary algorithm.
Review of support of ventilation in the anesthetized horse.

Anesthetized horses hypoventilate. Combined with changes in body position to lateral or dorsal recumbency, this hypoventilation can lead to hypoxemia and insufficient delivery of oxygen to tissues. Healthy horses tolerate respiratory embarrassment for short periods, but most benefit from increased inspired oxygen concentrations and support of ventilation, either manually or through the use of a ventilator. Author’s address: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L. Tharp Street, Columbus, Ohio 43210; e-mail: john.hubbell@cvm.osu. edu. © 2010 AAEP.
How to Systematically Conduct Crowdsourced Software Testing? Insights from an Action Research Project

Nowadays, traditional testing approaches become less feasible – both economically and practicably - for several reasons, such as an increasingly dynamic environment, shorter product lifecycles, cost pressure, as well as a fast growing and increasingly segmented hardware market. With the surge towards new modes of value creation, crowdsourced software testing (CST) seems to be a promising solution to effectively solve these problems and was already applied in various software testing contexts. However, literature so far mostly neglected the perspective of an organization intending to crowdsource tasks. In this study, we present an ongoing action research project with a consortium of six companies and present a preliminary model for crowdsourced software testing in organizations. The model unfolds necessary activities, process changes, and the accompanied roles for crowdsourced software testing to enable organizations to systematically conduct such initiatives and illustrates how test departments can use crowdsourcing as a new tool in their department.
Acceptability of High‐fibre Diets in Diabetic Patients

Twenty‐five diabetic patients were selected from Oxford Diabetic Clinics to assess their dietary compliance (Group A). All had been taught to follow diets rich in dietary fibre in which carbohydrate provided 50% of total energy. The results were compared with those obtained previously from a similar group of patients (Group B) all of whom had been instructed to follow a diet in which carbohydrate provided 40% of total energy. The patients of Group A had a significantly greater intake of carbohydrate (45.1% vs 34.7% of total energy) and dietary fibre (33.1 g vs 18.7 g) and a lower intake of fat (33.5% vs 42.1% of total energy) than the patients of Group B. The results of dietary assessment obtained from a third group of patients (Group C), who had been advised to follow a high‐fibre diet before the widespread availability of dietary teaching aids and recipe books, showed that carbohydrate and fat provided 37.5% and 41.0% of total energy, with a dietary fibre intake of 25.6 g. The results suggest that patients are willing and able to change their dietary habits towards a distribution of food constituents likely to improve diabetic control and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease when given enthusiastic instruction and support in diabetic clinics.
Meanings of food, eating and health among African Nova Scotians: ‘certain things aren't meant for Black folk'

Objective. Most research on food, ethnicity and health in Canada is focused on the dietary acculturation of first of second generation migrants. ‘Failure’ to adopt nutritional guidelines for healthy eating is generally understood as lack of education or persistence of cultural barriers. In this study we explore the meanings of food, health, and well-being embedded in the food practices of African Nova Scotians, a population with a 400-year history in Canada. Design Design. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 2 or 3 members of each of 13 families who identified as African Nova Scotian. Interviews asked about eating patterns; the influence of food preferences, health concerns, cost, and culture; perceptions of healthy eating and good eating; how food decisions were made; and changes over time. In addition, research assistants observed a ‘typical’ grocery shopping trip and one family meal. Results Results. Participants readily identified what they perceived to be distinctively ‘Black ways of eating. ’ Beyond mainstream nutrition discourses about reduction of chronic disease risk, participants identified three ways of thinking about food, health, and well-being: physical well-being, emphasizing stamina, energy and strength; family and community well-being; and cultural or racial well-being, emphasizing cultural identity maintenance, but also resistance to racism. Conclusion Conclusion. While culturally traditional eating patterns are often understood as costly in terms of health, it is equally important to understand that adopting healthy eating has costs in terms of family, community, and cultural identity. Dietary change unavoidably entails cultural loss, thus resisting healthy eating guidelines may signify resistance to racism or cultural dominance. Several suggestions are offered regarding how community strengths and beliefs, as well as cultural meanings of food and health, might inform effective healthy eating interventions.