Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rab8 directs furrow ingression and membrane addition during epithelial formation in Drosophila melanogaster

One of the most fundamental changes in cell morphology is the ingression of a plasma membrane furrow. The Drosophila embryo undergoes several cycles of rapid furrow ingression during early development that culminate in the formation of an epithelial sheet. Previous studies have demonstrated the requirement for intracellular trafficking pathways in furrow ingression; however, the pathways that link compartmental behaviors with cortical furrow ingression events are unclear. Here, we show that Rab8 has striking dynamic behaviors in vivo. As furrows ingress, cytoplasmic Rab8 puncta are depleted and Rab8 accumulates at the plasma membrane in a location that coincides with known regions of directed membrane addition. We additionally use CRISPR/Cas9 technology to N-terminally tag Rab8, which is then used to address endogenous localization and function. Endogenous Rab8 displays partial coincidence with Rab11 and the Golgi, and this colocalization is enriched during the fast phase of cellularization. When Rab8 function is disrupted, furrow formation in the early embryo is completely abolished. We also demonstrate that Rab8 behaviors require the function of the exocyst complex subunit Sec5 as well as the recycling endosome protein Rab11. Active, GTP-locked Rab8 is primarily associated with dynamic membrane compartments and the plasma membrane, whereas GDP-locked Rab8 forms large cytoplasmic aggregates. These studies suggest a model in which active Rab8 populations direct furrow ingression by guiding the targeted delivery of cytoplasmic membrane stores to the cell surface through interactions with the exocyst tethering complex. Summary: During Drosophila cellularization, the GTPase Rab8 guides the targeting of cytoplasmic membrane stores to the cell surface through interactions with the exocyst complex.
Distributed access control: a privacy-conscious approach

With more and more information being exchanged or published on the Web or in peer-to-peer, and with the significant growth in numbers of distributed, heterogeneous data sources, issues like access control and data privacy are becoming increasingly complex and difficult to manage. Very often, when dealing with sensitive information in such settings, the specification of access control policies and their enforcement are no longer handled by the actual data sources, and are (partially) delegated to third-parties. Besides practical reasons, this is the case when decisions regarding access depend on factors which overpass the scope and knowledge of some of the entities involved. More specifically, policies may depend on private aspects concerning users (accessing data) or data owners. In this case, the only solution is to entrust some third-party authority with all the information needed to apply access policies. However, as the policies themselves depend on sensitive information, this outsourcing raises new privacy issues, that were not present in centralized environments. In particular, information leaks may occur during access control enforcement. In this paper, we consider these issues and, starting from non-conventional digital signatures, we take a first step towards an implementation solution for such settings where both data and access policies are distributed. Our approach involves rewriting user queries into forms which are authorized, and we illustrate this for both structured (relational) and semi-structured (XML) data and queries.
A SysML Extension for Security Analysis of Industrial Control Systems

The security of Industrial Control Systems (ICS) has become an important topic. Recent attacks have shown that inadequately protecting control systems could have disastrous consequences for society. This paper presents an extension for the Systems Modeling Language (SysML), allowing for the extraction of vulnerabilities from an industrial control system model. After a control system is modeled in SysML, the model is converted into input for a formal reasoning tool. This tool contains a logic theory which is used for the vulnerability extraction. The rules in this logic theory are inferred from the ICS-CERT vulnerability database and ICS security standards. Once the vulnerabilities have been extracted, they are included in the SysML diagrams of the model. The modeling approach allows the user to quickly see which changes to the system get rid of the reported vulnerabilities. It is also possible to mark certain components as compromised to see the consequences of attacks on these components for system security as a whole. The resulting analysis can be used to strengthen the security of the control system.
Multiculturalism in contemporary Britain: policy, law and theory

Abstract We start by surveying the different issues that fall under the umbrella of ‘multiculturalism’. We then sketch the trajectory of British multiculturalism since 1945, and examine its broader legal and philosophical contexts. This narrative highlights the empirical and theoretical connections between multiculturalism and decolonisation, and that the conceptualisation of multiculturalism in political theory is more wide-ranging than in law or policy. This helps foreground neglected aspects of British multiculturalism in policy and law, and suggests we should widen the philosophical scope of multiculturalism even further. We then summarise the papers and draw out the connections between them. We argue that a deeper understanding of contemporary British multiculturalism inexorably leads us back to fundamental philosophical and practical questions regarding the structure and purpose of the British polity, and conclude that this indicates the need for greater polycentricity in governance.
A geometric characterization of c-optimal designs for heteroscedastic regression

We consider the common nonlinear regression model where the variance as well as the mean is a parametric function of the explanatory variables. The c-optimal design problem is investigated in the case when the parameters of both the mean and the variance function are of interest. A geometric characterization of c-optimal designs in this context is presented, which generalizes the classical result of Elfving (1952) for c-optimal designs. As in Elfving’s famous characterization c-optimal designs can be described as representations of boundary points of a convex set. However, in the case where there appear parameters of interest in the variance, the structure of the Elfving set is dierent. Roughly speaking the Elfving set corresponding to a heteroscedastic regression model is the convex hull of a set of ellipsoids induced by the underlying model and indexed by the design space. The c-optimal designs are characterized as representations of the points where the line in direction of the vector c intersects the boundary of the new Elfving set. The theory is illustrated in several examples including pharmacokinetic models with random eects.
DomEx: Extraction of Sentiment Lexicons for Domains and Meta-Domains

In this paper we describe a DomEx sentiment lexicon extractor, where a new approach for domain-specific sentiment lexicon extraction is implemented. Sentiment lexicon extraction is based on the machine learning model comprising a set of statistical and linguistic features. The extraction model is trained in the movie domain and then can be utilized to other domains. The system can work with various domains and languages after part of speech tagging. Finally, the system gives possibility to combine the sentiment lexicons from similar domains to obtain one general lexicon for the corresponding meta-domain. TITLE AND ABSTRACT IN RUSSIAN
Functionally active virus-specific T cells that target CMV, adenovirus, and EBV can be expanded from naive T-cell populations in cord blood and will target a range of viral epitopes.

The naive phenotype of cord blood (CB) T cells may reduce graft-versus-host disease after umbilical cord blood transplantation, but this naivety and their low absolute numbers also delays immune reconstitution, producing higher infection-related mortality that is predominantly related to CMV, adenovirus (Adv), and EBV. Adoptive immunotherapy with peripheral blood-derived virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can effectively prevent viral disease after conventional stem cell transplantation, and we now describe the generation of single cultures of CTLs from CB that are specific for multiple viruses. Using EBV-infected B cells transduced with a clinical-grade Ad5f35CMVpp65 adenoviral vector as sources of EBV, Adv, and CMV antigens, we expanded virus-specific T cells even from CB T cells with a naive phenotype. After expansion, each CTL culture contained both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell subsets, predominantly of effector memory phenotype. Each CTL culture also had HLA-restricted virus-specific cytotoxic effector function against EBV, CMV, and Adv targets. The CB CTLs recognized multiple viral epitopes, including CD4-restricted Adv-hexon epitopes and immunosubdominant CD4- and CD8-restricted CMVpp65 epitopes. Notwithstanding their naive phenotype, it is therefore possible to generate trivirus-specific CTLs in a single culture of CB, which may be of value to prevent or treat viral disease in CB transplant recipients. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00078533.
Assisted Detection of Duplicate Bug Reports

Duplicate bug reports, reports which describe problems or enhancements for which there is already a report in a bug repository, consume time of bug triagers and software developers that might better be spent working on reports that describe unique requests. For many open source projects, the number of duplicate reports represents a significant percentage of the repository, numbering in the thousands of reports for many projects. In this thesis, we introduce an approach to suggest potential duplicate bug reports to a bug triager who is processing a new report. We tested our approach on four popular open source projects, achieving the best precision and recall rates of 29% and 50% respectively on reports from the popular Firefox open source project. We report on a user study in which we investigated whether our approach can help novice bug triagers process reports from the Firefox repository. Despite the relatively low precision and recall rates of our approach, we found that its use does increase the duplicate detection accuracy of novice bug triagers, while significantly reducing the number of searches they perform and slightly reducing the time they spend on each report.
Kurzweil integral representation of interacting Prandtl-Ishlinskii operators

We consider a system of operator equations involving play and Prandtl-Ishlinskii hysteresis operators. This system generalizes the classical mechanical models of elastoplasticity, friction and fatigue by introducing coupling between the operators. We show that under quite general assumptions the coupled system is equivalent to one effective Prandtl-Ishlinskii operator or, more precisely, to a discontinuous extension of the Prandtl-Ishlinskii operator based on the Kurzweil integral of the derivative of the state function. This effective operator is described constructively in terms of the parameters of the coupled system. Our result is based on a substitution formula which we prove for the Kurzweil integral of regulated functions integrated with respect to functions of bounded variation. This formula allows us to prove the composition rule for the generalized (discontinuous) Prandtl-Ishlinskii operators. The composition rule, which underpins the analysis of the coupled model, then establishes that a composition of generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii operators is also a generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii operator provided that a monotonicity condition is satisfied.
A Loss-of-Function Screen for Phosphatases that Regulate Neurite Outgrowth Identifies PTPN12 as a Negative Regulator of TrkB Tyrosine Phosphorylation

Alterations in function of the neurotrophin BDNF are associated with neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disorders. BDNF promotes axonal outgrowth and branching, regulates dendritic tree morphology and is important for axonal regeneration after injury, responses that largely result from activation of its tyrosine kinase receptor TrkB. Although intracellular neurotrophin (NT) signaling presumably reflects the combined action of kinases and phosphatases, little is known about the contributions of the latter to TrkB regulation. The issue is complicated by the fact that phosphatases belong to multiple independently evolved families, which are rarely studied together. We undertook a loss-of-function RNA-interference-based screen of virtually all known (254) human phosphatases to understand their function in BDNF/TrkB-mediated neurite outgrowth in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. This approach identified phosphatases from diverse families, which either positively or negatively modulate BDNF-TrkB-mediated neurite outgrowth, and most of which have little or no previously established function related to NT signaling. “Classical” protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) accounted for 13% of the candidate regulatory phosphatases. The top classical PTP identified as a negative regulator of BDNF-TrkB-mediated neurite outgrowth was PTPN12 (also called PTP-PEST). Validation and follow-up studies showed that endogenous PTPN12 antagonizes tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkB itself, and the downstream activation of ERK1/2. We also found PTPN12 to negatively regulate phosphorylation of p130cas and FAK, proteins with previously described functions related to cell motility and growth cone behavior. Our data provide the first comprehensive survey of phosphatase function in NT signaling and neurite outgrowth. They reveal the complexity of phosphatase control, with several evolutionarily unrelated phosphatase families cooperating to affect this biological response, and hence the relevance of considering all phosphatase families when mining for potentially druggable targets.
Enhanced Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) Connection Establishment

This document updates RFC 5043 and RFC 5044 by extending Marker Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Aligned Framing (MPA) negotiation for Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) connection establishment. The first enhancement extends RFC 5044, enabling peer-to-peer connection establishment over MPA / Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). The second enhancement extends both RFC 5043 and RFC 5044, by providing an option for standardized exchange of RDMA-layer connection configuration. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Motor and perceptual timing deficits among survivors of childhood leukemia.

OBJECTIVE There is growing evidence of cerebellar-frontal system change in children treated for leukemia with chemotherapy alone (Lesnik et al., 1998). METHODS We compared 22 long-term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), aged 8-18, to 22 age- and gender-matched controls on tasks emphasizing cerebellar-frontal functioning including judgment of time duration and motor timing. Groups were also compared on a judgment of pitch task, used as a control measure. Children with ALL were at least 5 years from diagnosis, treated with intrathecal chemotherapy (methotrexate in all, hydrocortisone and cytarabine in 20/22), but not radiation therapy, and free from recurrence of disease. RESULTS After controlling for IQ, the ALL group had poorer performance than controls on judgment of long duration and motor timing, but not judgment of pitch. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with intrathecal and infusional chemotherapy for childhood ALL may be associated with skill deficits comparable to those seen in individuals with cerebellar-frontal abnormalities.
Semi-global robust stabilization of a class of feedforward systems

This paper studies the robust stabilization of a class of nonlinear systems in feedforward form that is subject to both dynamic uncertainty and time-varying static uncertainty. For this purpose, a nonlinear small gain theorem with restrictions for time-varying nonlinear systems is established first. Then the small gain theorem is applied to achieve semi-global robust stabilization for the class of feedforward systems in the presence of both dynamic and static uncertainties
Doing Business in China: What is the Use of Having a Contract? The Rule of Law and Guanxi when Doing Business in China

Contracts in China do not appear to have the same binding effect as it does in the Western world. For example in China, when the economic situation underlying a contract changes, the Chinese party expects the terms of the contracts to be renegotiated. Furthermore, because of weak courts, enforcement of contractual terms is uncertain (Yao and Yueh, 2009). So, what is the use of having a contract in the first place? Is there no rule of law in China? This article sets out the proposition that there is rule of law in China. However, contracts and the laws in China must be interpreted from the Chinese perspective. That perspective is that relationship (otherwise known as “guanxi”) is paramount to the terms and conditions of contracts. Contracts merely formalize a relationship that presumptively is based on mutual respect and trust. So if the situation changes, contract terms should be modified out of mutual respect and trust for each other (Ambler, Witzel, and Xi, 2008). Furthermore, this article argues that guanxi is being institutionalized by way of concepts written into the laws of China and the manner in which the courts of China interpret those laws, so that guanxi must be understood in order to successfully do business in China. Nonetheless, it is recognized that as China becomes a global player in the world markets, she will be forced to adhere to generally accepted international standards for commercial dealings. This may cause an erosion of the role of guanxi in the application of law, but we believe guanxi will remain at the core of business practices in China.
A risk programming model based on Markov process in a virtual enterprise

Virtual enterprise is becoming a production form of project organization. Minimizing risk in VE and ensuring success are the key problems to overcome. In this paper, in view of different risk effects from stochastic completion time choices of sub-projects , a risk programming model based on Markov process is presented. A genetic algorithm (GA) for this problem with embedded program evaluation and review technique (PERT) is developed to solve this problem. The performance of this algorithm is demonstrated by a case and the experimental problems of different sizes. The results of this trial demonstrate the real life capability of the algorithm.
Cooperative Effects of FOXL2 with the Members of TGF-β Superfamily on FSH Receptor mRNA Expression and Granulosa Cell Proliferation from Hen Prehierarchical Follicles

Forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) is a member of the forkhead nuclear factor 3 gene family and plays an essential role in ovarian growth and maturation in mammals. However, its potential effects and regulative mechanism in development of chicken ovarian prehierarchical follicles remain unexplored. In this study, the cooperative effects of FOXL2 with activin A, growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9) and follistatin, three members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily that were previously suggested to exert a critical role in follicle development was investigated. We demonstrated herein, using in-situ hybridization, Northern blot and immunohistochemical analyses of oocytes and granulosa cells in various sizes of prehierarchical follicles that both FOXL2 transcripts and FOXL2 proteins are predominantly expressed in a highly similar expression pattern to that of GDF9 gene. In addition, the FOXL2 transcript was found at lower levels in theca cells in the absence of GDF9. Furthermore, culture of granulosa cells (GCs) from the prehierarchical follicles (6–8 mm) in conditioned medium revealed that in the pcDNA3.0-FOXL2 transfected GCs, there was a more dramatic increase in FSHR mRNA expression after treatment with activin A (10 ng/ml) or GDF9 (100 ng/ml) for 24 h which caused a stimulatory effect on the GC proliferation. In contrast, a significant decrease of FSHR mRNA was detected after treatment with follistatin (50 ng/ml) and resulted in an inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation. The results of this suggested that FOXL2 plays a bidirectional modulating role involved in the intracellular FSHR transcription and GC proliferation via an autocrine regulatory mechanism in a positive or negative manner through cooperation with activin A and/or GDF9, and follistatin in the hen follicle development. This cooperative action may be mediated by the examined Smad signals and simultaneously implicated in modulation of the StAR, CCND2, and CYP11A1 expression.
An Off-Grid Turbo Channel Estimation Algorithm for Millimeter Wave Communications

The bandwidth shortage has motivated the exploration of the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency spectrum for future communication networks. To compensate for the severe propagation attenuation in the mmWave band, massive antenna arrays can be adopted at both the transmitter and receiver to provide large array gains via directional beamforming. To achieve such array gains, channel estimation (CE) with high resolution and low latency is of great importance for mmWave communications. However, classic super-resolution subspace CE methods such as multiple signal classification (MUSIC) and estimation of signal parameters via rotation invariant technique (ESPRIT) cannot be applied here due to RF chain constraints. In this paper, an enhanced CE algorithm is developed for the off-grid problem when quantizing the angles of mmWave channel in the spatial domain where off-grid problem refers to the scenario that angles do not lie on the quantization grids with high probability, and it results in power leakage and severe reduction of the CE performance. A new model is first proposed to formulate the off-grid problem. The new model divides the continuously-distributed angle into a quantized discrete grid part, referred to as the integral grid angle, and an offset part, termed fractional off-grid angle. Accordingly, an iterative off-grid turbo CE (IOTCE) algorithm is proposed to renew and upgrade the CE between the integral grid part and the fractional off-grid part under the Turbo principle. By fully exploiting the sparse structure of mmWave channels, the integral grid part is estimated by a soft-decoding based compressed sensing (CS) method called improved turbo compressed channel sensing (ITCCS). It iteratively updates the soft information between the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimator and the sparsity combiner. Monte Carlo simulations are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, and the results show that it enhances the angle detection resolution greatly.
Multimodal Construction of a Rational Myth: Industrialization of the French Building Sector in the Period from 1945 to 1970

This chapter examines how proponents of industrialization used multiple modes of communication to socially construct the rational myth of industrialization in the French construction sector after World War II. We illuminate the respective roles of visual and verbal communication in this process. Our findings suggest that actors construct rational myths according to the following step-by-step method: first, they use visuals to suggest associations between new practices and valuable purposes; then they use verbal text to establish the technical rationality of certain practices; and lastly, they employ both verbal and visual communications to convey their mythical features.