Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Organization, Embodiment, and Biologically Inspired Robotics

Robotics researchers increasingly agree that ideas from biology and self-organization can strongly benefit the design of autonomous robots. Biological organisms have evolved to perform and survive in a world characterized by rapid changes, high uncertainty, indefinite richness, and limited availability of information. Industrial robots, in contrast, operate in highly controlled environments with no or very little uncertainty. Although many challenges remain, concepts from biologically inspired (bio-inspired) robotics will eventually enable researchers to engineer machines for the real world that possess at least some of the desirable properties of biological organisms, such as adaptivity, robustness, versatility, and agility.
The Contribution of Genetic Recombination to CRISPR Array Evolution

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a microbial immune system against foreign DNA. Recognition sequences (spacers) encoded within the CRISPR array mediate the immune reaction in a sequence-specific manner. The known mechanisms for the evolution of CRISPR arrays include spacer acquisition from foreign DNA elements at the time of invasion and array erosion through spacer deletion. Here, we consider the contribution of genetic recombination between homologous CRISPR arrays to the evolution of spacer repertoire. Acquisition of spacers from exogenic arrays via recombination may confer the recipient with immunity against unencountered antagonists. For this purpose, we develop a novel method for the detection of recombination in CRISPR arrays by modeling the spacer order in arrays from multiple strains from the same species. Because the evolutionary signal of spacer recombination may be similar to that of pervasive spacer deletions or independent spacer acquisition, our method entails a robustness analysis of the recombination inference by a statistical comparison to resampled and perturbed data sets. We analyze CRISPR data sets from four bacterial species: two Gammaproteobacteria species harboring CRISPR type I and two Streptococcus species harboring CRISPR type II loci. We find that CRISPR array evolution in Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae can be explained solely by vertical inheritance and differential spacer deletion. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we find an excess of single spacers potentially incorporated into the CRISPR locus during independent acquisition events. In Streptococcus thermophilus, evidence for spacer acquisition by recombination is present in 5 out of 70 strains. Genetic recombination has been proposed to accelerate adaptation by combining beneficial mutations that arose in independent lineages. However, for most species under study, we find that CRISPR evolution is shaped mainly by spacer acquisition and loss rather than recombination. Since the evolution of spacer content is characterized by a rapid turnover, it is likely that recombination is not beneficial for improving phage resistance in the strains under study, or that it cannot be detected in the resolution of intraspecies comparisons.
The Influential Factor Analysis of Classification Partition Management Mode on the Emergency Triage

Background: The aim of the study was to discuss on the influential factors of the mode of classification of partition management in the emergency triage. Method: Retrospectively analyzing the effects of emergency triage of 156 cases who adopted the classification partition management mode during Oct 2014 to Oct 2015 in Xuzhou Central Hospital (Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China). They were divided into triage success group of 108 cases and triage failure group of 48 cases. Comparing the single factor analysis and multi-factor analysis, and selecting possible influential factors. Result: According to the single factor analysis, for the patients who came to the doctor in the daytime and working days, the higher education degree and compliance they had, the faster the back-show time of emergency inspect and check came back, the more comprehensive the body examination and disease history taking were done, the simpler the disease condition was, the higher triage success rate they received. Compared to the emergency observation time between two groups, the difference was not statistically significant. According to the multi-factor analysis, the emergency check and examination back-show time, the comprehensive degree of body examination and disease history taking and the complexity degree of disease could be the independent risk factors for triage success. Conclusion: Simplify the examination procedure, improve the efficiency of back-show and acquire detail disease information are important methods for the improvement of triage success.
Gender dimensions in women’s networking for social innovation

Even if the number of research studies on social innovation has increased the last years, due to its perceived potential to address complex societal challenges, there still remains several relevant aspects to be explored, such as the impact of gendered norms and patterns on the transition from social inclusion to social exclusion strived for in social innovation processes. In order to further expand the dawning scientific field of social innovation, this article presents a case study of a Swedish network promoting women’s employment, entrepreneurship and innovation, exploring the complex and multiple gender aspects of social innovation. The potentials and delimitations of the network to address gender on various levels of social innovation is scrutinized by means of previous research on social and gender dimensions of innovation and organizational/societal change, exposing that further development of social innovation as a scientific field requires a comprehensive approach to the identification and analysis of the gendered norms, subordination and empowerment that affect the aspired transition from social exclusion to social inclusion in social innovation processes.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy predict chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease

Commentary on: Wang IK, Muo CH, Chang YC, et al. Association between hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and end-stage renal disease: a population-based study. CMAJ 2013;185:207–13. [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. Data from Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the USA suggests that 11% of the US population has CKD.1 CKD is associated with high risk of cardiovascular mortality, morbidity and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Prevention of ESRD is best affected by the early detection of CKD and the institution of effective therapy to prevent progression, such as blood pressure control and inhibition … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DCMAJ%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1503%252Fcmaj.120230%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23339156%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink? linkType=ABST&journalCode=cmaj&resid=185/3/207&atom=%2Febmed%2F18%2F6%2Fe54.atom
Computer Aided System for Detection and Classification of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most important causes of death among all type of cancers for grown-up and older women, mainly in developed countries, and its rate is rising. Since the cause of this disease is not yet known, early detection is the best way to decrease the breast cancer mortality. At present, early detection of breast cancer is attained by means of mammography. An intelligent computer-aided diagnosis system can be very helpful for radiologist in detecting and diagnosing cancerous cell patterns earlier and faster than typical screening programs. This paper proposes a computer aided system for automatic detection and classification of breast cancer in mammogram images. Intuitionistic Fuzzy C-Means clustering technique has been used to identify the suspicious region or the Region of Interest automatically. Then, the feature data base is designed using histogram features, Gray Level Concurrence wavelet features and wavelet energy features. Finally, the feature database is submitted to self-adaptive resource allocation network classifier for classification of mammogram image as normal, benign or malignant. The proposed system is verified with 322 mammograms from the Mammographic Image Analysis Society Database. The results show that the proposed system produces better results.
How Hybrid Should a Hybrid Model Be

We present a perspective on the nature of hybridness withinhybrid symbolic/connectionistmodels of cognition. We discuss the qualities that differentiate apparently hybrid models from those which truly accrue properties of the complementary types of technology, and argue that the latter type of model is constituted by a stringent set of mappings between the component systems, mappings which preserve the semantic content of representations and algorithmic relations over them, as well as critical functional properties of the underlying technology. These mappings are exemplified in the techniques of skeletonisation and implementation, but are absent from cluster-analytic techniques and from hybrid models arising from the juxtaposition of separate connectionist and symbolic physical systems. The development of additional constraints for defining appropriate mappings between hybrid models and the resultant types of hybrid models remain areas for future research.
A Scale for Measuring Attitude Toward the Movies

The purpose of this paper is to present a scale for measuring attitude toward the "movies" and to describe the method of its construction. This study was undertaken as one of the projects of the Payne Fund of New York. The research program is directed by Professor W. W. Charters of Ohio State University. The original collection of opinions about the movies consisted of two hundred and fifty-eight statements. These opinions, each of which reflects an attitude toward the movies, vary from statements decidedly in favor of the movies through neutral statements to those very much opposed to the movies. They were obtained from literature on the sub ject, from conversation, and from direct questioning of subjects whose education and experience varied from that of seventh grade children to that of graduate students in the University. Each statement was then typewritten on a separate card. As a preliminary method of eliminating the most unsatisfactory and retain ing the best statements, as well as to get an approximate idea of the scale values of the statements, the method of equal-appearing intervals1 was used with a small group of sorters. Twenty-five people, who had some understanding of the method being used and who were carefully chosen to make sure that the directions would be thoroughly under stood and complied with, sorted the cards into eleven piles according to the following instructions: " These cards contain statements about the value of the movies. Please arrange these cards in eleven piles so that those expressing atti tudes most strongly in favor of the movies are in pile one, those which are neutral are in pile six, and those which are most strongly against th? movies are in the eleventh pile. The intermediate piles should rep resent equal steps in appreciation or depreciation of the movies. ' ' Do not try to get the same number of cards in each pile. They are not evenly distributed.
PSR-deterministic search range penalization method on kernelized correlation filter tracker

In visual object tracking, exploiting correlation filters to track the target of interest has been flourished, and, by adopting a circulant form of an image or feature descriptors jointed with the convolution theorem, these correlation filter trackers surpass many of the previous state-of-the-art trackers in both tracking speed and stability. Nevertheless, when the appearance of the target object abruptly changes due to occlusion, background cluttering, or viewpoint variation, even the aforementioned correlation filter trackers still tend to fail to compute a reliable correlation output. Concerned with this problem, we propose a method that observes the locational drift of the correlation peak from the desired location. Utilizing this information, we restrict the searching range of the correlation peak to increase the accuracy of the tracker. We verify the performance of the proposed tracker by using 2014 Visual Object Tracking Challenge benchmark dataset.
The Submodular Welfare Problem with Demand Queries

We consider the Submodular Welfare Problem where we have m items and n players with given utility functions wi : 2 (m) ! R+. The utility functions are assumed to be monotone and submodular. We want to find an allocation of disjoint sets S1; S2;:::; Sn of items maximizing Âi wi(Si). A (1 1=e)-approximation for this problem in the demand oracle model has been given by Dobzinski and Schapira (5). We improve this algorithm by presenting a (1 1=e+e)-approximation for some small fixed e > 0. We also show that the Submodular Welfare Problem is NP -hard to approximate within a ratio better than some r < 1. Moreover, this holds even when for each player there are only a constant number of items that have nonzero utility. The constant size restriction on utility functions makes it easy for players to efficiently answer any "reasonable" query about their utility functions. In contrast, for classes of instances that were used for previous hardness of approximation results, we present an incentive compatible (in expectation) mechanism based on fair division queries that achieves an optimal solution.
Failure to Recognize Previous Hypotheses during Concept Learning

In order to examine what a person stores in short-term memory while solving a concept identification problem, we used recognition probes for hypothesis, stimulus, classification-response, and feedback information from the immediately preceding trial. In Experiment 1, the number of stimulus dimensions that were irrelevant to the definition of the concept to be learned was varied (two vs. four). In Experiment 2, we manipulated (a) the percentage of trials on which hypotheses were requested from the subject (75 vs. 25) and (b) the percentage of trials on which recognition probes were included (75 vs. 25). In these experiments, feedback and response recognition were nearly perfect, whereas stimulus and hypothesis recognition were relatively poor. Surprisingly, from the perspective of hypothesis theory, subjects often failed to recognize previously stated hypotheses even when they led to correct classifications. In Experiment 3, subjects gave hypotheses and answered recognition probes on all trials, with one condition receiving all four types of probes alternately and another receiving only hypothesis probes. Subjects in these conditions showed nearly perfect hypothesis recognition. We concluded that experimental conditions varied in the degree of emphasis placed on hypothesis testing and, as a consequence, short-term retention of hypotheses varied.
Team-Based Testing Improves Individual Learning

In two experiments, 90 undergraduates took six tests as part of an educational psychology course. Using a crossover design, students took three tests individually without feedback and then took the same test again, following the process of team-based testing (TBT), in teams in which the members reached consensus for each question and answered until they were correct. Students took the other three tests individually with feedback. All students were individually tested over a portion of this content two weeks later and again after two months. Independent samples t tests revealed that TBT students scored higher when retested two months later than those who took the test individually. Finally, three-fourths of the students reported that they enjoyed TBT more than individual testing. Although TBT requires more class time to administer, it appears to be beneficial for long-term student learning.
Reduced‐impact Logging has Little Effect on Temporal Activity of Frugivorous Bats (Chiroptera) in Lowland Amazonia

Reduced‐impact logging (RIL) represents a viable option for sustainable use of Neotropical lowland forests while minimizing negative effects on local biodiversity. Many Neotropical bats of the family Phyllostomidae provide ecosystem services associated with pollination and seed dispersal that promote the regeneration of disturbed areas; therefore, effects of RIL on these species is of particular concern. We determined patterns of temporal activity, degree of temporal overlap of activity, and dispersion in peaks of activity for seven abundant species of frugivorous bat in Tapajós National Forest, Pará, Brazil. In addition, we evaluated the effects of RIL at a harvest level of 18.7 m3/ha and habitat physiognomy on temporal patterns of activity for these species. Bats were surveyed for four nights at each of 96 sites for a total sampling effort of 64,512 net‐m‐h. Sites were distributed among four experimental blocks, two blocks of unlogged forest and two blocks of forest subjected to RIL. Half of the sites in each management type were in forest gaps and half were in closed‐canopy forest. In general, species exhibited similar patterns of activity, and greater than expected temporal overlap in activity among species. RIL and forest physiognomy had little effect on activity patterns of species. RIL in Amazonia removes fewer trees than do naturally occurring treefalls and such changes in habitat structure do not alter activity patterns of frugivorous bats. Evidence suggests that RIL does not have an appreciable adverse effect on frugivorous bats in Amazonia.
Inducible expression of a cloned heat shock fusion gene in sea urchin embryos.

A fusion gene construct, in which the coding sequence for bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT; acetyl-CoA: chloramphenicol 3-O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.28) was placed under the control of the regulatory region of the Drosophila gene encoding the 70-kilodalton heat shock protein [Di Nocera, P.P. & Dawid, I.B. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 7095-7098], was microinjected into the cytoplasm of unfertilized sea urchin eggs. Pluteus-stage embryos developing from the injected eggs were exposed to high temperature conditions that we found would elicit an endogenous sea urchin heat shock response. These embryos express the gene for CAT and, after heat treatment, display 8-10 times more CAT enzyme activity than do extracts from control embryos cultured at normal temperatures. The injected DNA is present in high molecular weight concatenates and, during development, is amplified about 100-fold. Amplified sequences are responsible for all or most of the induced CAT enzyme activity.
Molecular interactions of the Gbeta binding domain of the Ste20p/PAK family of protein kinases. An isolated but fully functional Gbeta binding domain from Ste20p is only partially folded as shown by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy.

The transmission of the mating signal of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires Ste20p, a member of the serine/threonine protein kinases of the Ste20p/PAK family, to link the Gbeta subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein to the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. The binding site of Ste20p to the Gbeta subunit was mapped to a consensus sequence of SSLphiPLI/VXphiphibeta (X for any residue; phi for A, I, L, S or T; beta for basic residues), which was shown to be a novel Gbeta binding (GBB) motif present only in the noncatalytic C-terminal domains of the Ste20p/PAK family of protein kinases (Leeuw, T., Wu, C., Schrag, J. D., Whiteway, M., Thomas, D. Y., and Leberer, E. (1998) Nature 391, 191-195; Leberer, E. , Dignard, D. , Thomas, D. Y. , and Leeuw, T. (2000) Biol. Chem. 381, 427-431). Here, we report the results of an NMR study on two GBB motif peptides and the entire C-terminal domain derived from Ste20p. The NMR data show that the two peptide fragments are not uniquely structured in aqueous solution, but in the presence of 40% trifluoroethanol, the longer 37-residue peptide exhibited two well defined, but flexibly linked helical structure elements. Heteronuclear NMR data indicate that the fully functional 86-residue C-terminal domain of Ste20p is again unfolded in aqueous solution but has helical secondary structure preferences similar to those of the two peptide fragments. The NMR results on the two GBB peptides and the entire GBB domain all indicate that the two important binding residues, Ser(879) and Ser(880), are located at the junction between two helical segments. These experimental observations with the prototype GBB domain of a novel family of Gbeta-controlled effectors may have important implications in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the signal transduction from the heterotrimeric G protein to the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade.
Chain replication in theory and in practice

When implementing a distributed storage system, using an algorithm with a formal definition and proof is a wise idea. However, translating any algorithm into effective code can be difficult because the implementation must be both correct and fast. This paper is a case study of the implementation of the chain replication protocol in a distributed key-value store called Hibari. In theory, the chain replication algorithm is quite simple and should be straightforward to implement correctly. In practice, however, there were many implementation details that had effects both profound and subtle. The Erlang community, as well as distributed systems implementors in general, can use the lessons learned with Hibari (specifically in areas of performance enhancements and failure detection) to avoid many dangers that lurk at the interface between theory and real-world computing.
Protein structure refinement with adaptively restrained homologous replicas

A novel protein refinement protocol is presented which utilizes molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of an ensemble of adaptively restrained homologous replicas. This approach adds evolutionary information to the force field and reduces random conformational fluctuations by coupling of several replicas. It is shown that this protocol refines the majority of models from the CASP11 refinement category and that larger conformational changes of the starting structure are possible than with current state of the art methods. The performance of this protocol in the CASP11 experiment is discussed. We found that the quality of the refined model is correlated with the structural variance of the coupled replicas, which therefore provides a good estimator of model quality. Furthermore, some remarkable refinement results are discussed in detail. Proteins 2016; 84(Suppl 1):302–313. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An intelligent adaptive filter for fast tracking and elimination of power line interference from ECG signal

The ECG (Electrocardiogram) signal reflects the electrical activity of the heart. Since amplitude of ECG signal is of order of few mV, it is susceptible to many types of noises and amongst which the most disturbing is power line interference (PLI). Variations in frequency of PLI further complicate the problem which can be taken care by implementation of adaptive notch filter (ANF). ANF normally requires a reference input which is not possible in all cases. In this paper, we have proposed an intelligent adaptive filter which does not require a reference input. Proposed method first detects the frequency of PLI noise then adaptively tracks and eliminates PLI from ECG signal.