Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vectorization in PyPy's Tracing Just-In-Time Compiler

PyPy is a widely known virtual machine for the Python programming language. PyPy itself is implemented in the statically typed subset of Python called RPython. RPython includes a tracing Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler and is capable of generating the compiler for a language from the specification of the interpreter for that language. In PyPy 4.0. 0 we extended the tracing JIT compiler to support vectorization of loops and emit code for the SSE4 vector operations of the x86 instruction set. This article presents the details of the new vectorizer of PyPy. The vectorizer uses a loop unrolling approach to vectorization. It has been designed for efficient compilation as the compilation is done during the execution of the application. The scientific library NumPy introduced arrays which are homogeneous, primitive typed and contiguous in memory. These kind of arrays are used to avoid the problems with dynamic typing. Our contribution to PyPy's new vectorizer supports scalar and constant expansion, accumulator splitting for reductions, guard strengthening and array bounds check removal. The empirical evaluation shows that the vectorizer can gain speedups close to the theoretical optimum of the SSE4 instruction set.
Cardiovascular Disease Among Survivors of Adult-Onset Cancer: A Community-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.

PURPOSE Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including ischemic heart disease, stroke, and heart failure, are well-established late effects of therapy in survivors of childhood and young adult (< 40 years at diagnosis) cancers; less is known regarding CVD in long-term survivors of adult-onset (≥ 40 years) cancer. METHODS A retrospective cohort study design was used to describe the magnitude of CVD risk in 36,232 ≥ 2-year survivors of adult-onset cancer compared with matched (age, sex, and residential ZIP code) noncancer controls (n = 73,545) within a large integrated managed care organization. Multivariable regression was used to examine the impact of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs; hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia) on long-term CVD risk in cancer survivors. RESULTS Survivors of multiple myeloma (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.70; P < .01), carcinoma of the lung/bronchus (IRR, 1.58; P < .01), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (IRR, 1.41; P < .01), and breast cancer (IRR, 1.13; P < .01) had significantly higher CVD risk when compared with noncancer controls. Conversely, prostate cancer survivors had a lower CVD risk (IRR, 0.89; P < .01) compared with controls. Cancer survivors with two or more CVRFs had the highest risk of CVD when compared with noncancer controls with less than two CVRFs (IRR, 1.83 to 2.59; P < .01). Eight-year overall survival was significantly worse among cancer survivors who developed CVD (60%) when compared with cancer survivors without CVD (81%; P < .01). CONCLUSION The magnitude of subsequent CVD risk varies according to cancer subtype and by the presence of CVRFs. Overall survival in survivors who develop CVD is poor, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention strategies for individuals at highest risk of developing CVD.
SHAPE DISTRIBUTION FEATURES FOR POINT CLOUD ANALYSIS - A GEOMETRIC HISTOGRAM APPROACH ON MULTIPLE SCALES

Due to ever more efficient and accurate laser scanning technologies, the analysis of 3D point clouds has become an important task in modern photogrammetry and remote sensing. To exploit the full potential of such data for structural analysis and object detection, reliable geometric features are of crucial importance. Since multiscale approaches have proved very successful for image-based applications, efforts are currently made to apply similar approaches on 3D point clouds. In this paper we analyse common geometric covariance features, pinpointing some severe limitations regarding their performance on varying scales. Instead, we propose a different feature type based on shape distributions known from object recognition. These novel features show a very reliable performance on a wide scale range and their results in classification outnumber covariance features in all tested cases.
Downstream Warming and Headwater Acidity May Diminish Coldwater Habitat in Southern Appalachian Mountain Streams

Stream-dwelling species in the U.S. southern Appalachian Mountains region are particularly vulnerable to climate change and acidification. The objectives of this study were to quantify the spatial extent of contemporary suitable habitat for acid- and thermally sensitive aquatic species and to forecast future habitat loss resulting from expected temperature increases on national forest lands in the southern Appalachian Mountain region. The goal of this study was to help watershed managers identify and assess stream reaches that are potentially vulnerable to warming, acidification, or both. To our knowledge, these results represent the first regional assessment of aquatic habitat suitability with respect to the combined effects of stream water temperature and acid-base status in the United States. Statistical models were developed to predict July mean daily maximum water temperatures and air-water temperature relations to determine potential changes in future stream water temperatures. The length of stream considered suitable habitat for acid- and thermally sensitive species, based on temperature and acid neutralizing capacity thresholds of 20°C and 50 μeq/L, was variable throughout the national forests considered. Stream length displaying temperature above 20°C was generally more than five times greater than the length predicted to have acid neutralizing capacity below 50 μeq/L. It was uncommon for these two stressors to occur within the same stream segment. Results suggested that species’ distributional shifts to colder, higher elevation habitats under a warming climate can be constrained by acidification of headwater streams. The approach used in this study can be applied to evaluate climate change impacts to stream water resources in other regions.
Improved Constant-Time Approximation Algorithms for Maximum Matchings and Other Optimization Problems

We study constant-time approximation algorithms for bounded-degree graphs, which run in time independent of the number of vertices $n$. We present an algorithm that decides whether a vertex is contained in a some fixed maximal independent set with expected query complexity $O(d^2)$, where $d$ is the degree bound. Using this algorithm, we show constant-time approximation algorithms with certain multiplicative error and additive error $\epsilon n$ for many other problems, e.g., the maximum matching problem, the minimum vertex cover problem, and the minimum set cover problem, that run exponentially faster than existing algorithms with respect to $d$ and $\frac{1}{\epsilon}$. Our approximation algorithm for the maximum matching problem can be transformed to a two-sided error tester for the property of having a perfect matching. On the contrary, we show that every one-sided error tester for the property requires at least $\Omega(n)$ queries.
Physical Triggers of Anxiety in African Americans

Understanding the primary triggers of anxiety for African Americans, and the cultural factors associated with these triggers, can enhance our knowledge of emotional responding in African Americans and can ultimately influence how we assess and treat anxiety disorders in this population. In the current study, we investigated the experience of anxiety for African Americans following physical stressors, with an emphasis on cardiovascular arousal. Specifically, anxious responding, following cardiovascular arousal, other physical stressors, and a control task, was evaluated among African American (n = 23) and European American (n = 23) groups on affective, cognitive, and physiological measures of anxiety. Findings suggest physical stressors in general (as opposed to cardiovascular arousal specifically) may be a prominent trigger of anxiety for African Americans. Discussion centers on the idea that the observed relationship between anxiety and physical stressors for African Americans may stem from a cultural sense of vulnerability regarding physical disease.
The Influence of Goal‐Directed and Experiential Activities on Online Flow Experiences

Recently, it has been proposed that creating compelling experiences in the distinctive consumption environment defined by the Internet depends on facilitating a state of flow. Although it has been established that consumers do, in fact, experience flow while using the Web, consumer researchers do not as yet have a comprehensive understanding of the specific activities during which consumers actually have these experiences. One fruitful focus of research on online consumer experience has been on two distinct categories of consumption behavior— goal directed and experiential consumption behavior. Drawing distinctions between these behaviors for the Web may be particularly important because the experiential process is, for many individuals, as or even more important than the final instrumental result. However, the general and broad nature of flow measurement to date has precluded a precise investigation of flow during goal-directed versus experiential activities. In this article, we explore this issue, investigating whether flow occurs during both experiential and goal-directed activities, if experiential and goal-directed flow states differ in terms of underlying constructs, and what the key characteristics are—based on prior theory—that define “types” of flow experiences reported on the Web. Our approach is to perform a series of quantitative analyses of qualitative descriptions of flow experiences provided by Web users collected in conjunction with the 10th GVU WWW User Survey. In contrast with previous research that suggests flow would be more likely to occur during recreational activities than task-oriented activities, we found more evidence of flow for task-oriented rather than experiential activities, although there is evidence flow occurs under both scenarios. As a final note, we argue that the role that goal-directed and experiential activities may play in facilitating the creation of compelling online environments may also be important in a broader consumer policy context.
Kidnapping by Terrorist Groups, 1970-2010

This article examines whether a terrorist group’s ideology has a meaningful impact on its involvement in kidnapping. On a global level, incident data (1970-2010) indicate that in the past decade the number of kidnappings by terrorist groups has increased, while Muslim extremists have replaced left-wing/Marxist revolutionaries as the world’s leading kidnappers. However, when we incorporate data about the attributes of terrorist organizations and their operating environments, this analysis indicates that ideology does not play an important role in determining the likelihood of a group’s involvement in kidnapping. The article concludes with implications and suggested topics for further study.
A Multi-Aware Cluster Head Maintenance for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), resources are limited and valuable. Battery power is a sensitive resource, it is limited due to the relatively small size of the mobile nodes. Managing this limited resource with the current battery manufacturing techniques is a key challenge in MANET environment. In order to achieve scalability in MANET, hierarchical solutions are adopted like the cluster-based concept. In such techniques, electing the cluster heads and maintaining them throughout the progress of the network lifetime are vital and critical functions. This paper proposes a multi-aware approach namely, Multi-Aware Cluster Head Maintenance (MACHM) to elect the cluster heads based on a weighted formula. The weighted formula includes load balancing, geographical, mobility, and energy considerations. Also, a mechanism to handle the elected cluster heads depending on their energy levels has been proposed. Simulation results show that MACHM outperforms the Weighted Clustering Algorithm (WCA) regarding different performance metrics. Keywords-MANET routing protocols; power-aware routing protocols; cluster-based routing protocols; multi-aware cluster head maintenance; cluster heads election and re-election;
Sexuality and holiday choices: conversations with gay and lesbian tourists

This paper is an exploratory investigation of the travel motivations of gay and lesbian tourists. Based on in-depth interviews and focus groups, it investigates the interrelationships between sexuality, tourism behaviour and tourism spaces. Given that public space is controlled and heterosexualized, the paper suggests that whilst gay and lesbian people are motivated to travel for a range of reasons, such is the power of the dominant heterosexual milieu that their sexuality has a critical impact on their tourism choices. The need for safety, to feel comfortable with like-minded people, and to escape from heterosexism – often to specifically gay spaces – emerge as key influences on their choice of holiday.
Social Cognition and Interpersonal Impairments in Trauma Survivors with PTSD

Trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often experience psychosocial problems. This article reviews interpersonal factors such as social support, social acknowledgment, and interpersonal impairment that are relevant to the development and maintenance of PTSD. Furthermore, it considers the possible impact of social cognition on PTSD. The capacity to empathize (empathy) and the existence of an individual “theory of mind” are fundamental to human social interaction. We raise the question of whether traumatic experiences may lead to changes in the social cognition of traumatized individuals. The possible effects of perceived social exclusion as a maintenance factor for PTSD are also discussed.
Neuroanatomic basis for traction-free preservation of the neural hammock during athermal robotic radical prostatectomy

Purpose of review Much of the progress achieved in the past two decades in improving potency outcomes after radical prostatectomy has resulted from an improved appreciation of the anatomic basis of the nerves responsible for erection. We review the current literature evaluating the neuroanatomy of prostate and operative strategies for better preservation of sexual function. Recent findings Recent studies suggest an alternative and more complex course of nerves than previously described. Periprostatic nerves can be divided into three broad surgically identifiable zones: the proximal neurovascular plate, the predominant neurovascular bundle, and the accessory neural pathways. Better appreciation of the variable and often invisible anatomical course of the cavernosal nerves continues to engender innovations in surgical technique to optimize their preservation. Summary Improved anatomic understanding has optimized surgical technique in order to improve potency outcomes following radical prostatectomy.
Direct and Fe(II)-Mediated Reduction of Technetium by Fe(III)-Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT The dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens reduced and precipitated Tc(VII) by two mechanisms. Washed cell suspensions coupled the oxidation of hydrogen to enzymatic reduction of Tc(VII) to Tc(IV), leading to the precipitation of TcO2 at the periphery of the cell. An indirect, Fe(II)-mediated mechanism was also identified. Acetate, although not utilized efficiently as an electron donor for direct cell-mediated reduction of technetium, supported the reduction of Fe(III), and the Fe(II) formed was able to transfer electrons abiotically to Tc(VII). Tc(VII) reduction was comparatively inefficient via this indirect mechanism when soluble Fe(III) citrate was supplied to the cultures but was enhanced in the presence of solid Fe(III) oxide. The rate of Tc(VII) reduction was optimal, however, when Fe(III) oxide reduction was stimulated by the addition of the humic analog and electron shuttle anthaquinone-2,6-disulfonate, leading to the rapid formation of the Fe(II)-bearing mineral magnetite. Under these conditions, Tc(VII) was reduced and precipitated abiotically on the nanocrystals of biogenic magnetite as TcO2 and was removed from solution to concentrations below the limit of detection by scintillation counting. Cultures of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria enriched from radionuclide-contaminated sediment using Fe(III) oxide as an electron acceptor in the presence of 25 μM Tc(VII) contained a singleGeobacter sp. detected by 16S ribosomal DNA analysis and were also able to reduce and precipitate the radionuclide via biogenic magnetite. Fe(III) reduction was stimulated in aquifer material, resulting in the formation of Fe(II)-containing minerals that were able to reduce and precipitate Tc(VII). These results suggest that Fe(III)-reducing bacteria may play an important role in immobilizing technetium in sediments via direct and indirect mechanisms.
Geometry representations with unsupervised feature learning

Geometry data in massive amounts can be generated thanks to the modern capture devices and mature geometry modeling tools. It is essential to develop the tools to analyze and utilize this big data. In this paper, we present an exploration of analyzing geometries via learning local geometry features. After extracting local geometry patches, we parameterize each patch geometry by a radial basis function based interpolation. We use the resulting coefficients as discrete representations of the patches. These are then fed into feature learning algorithms to extract the dominant components explaining the overall patch database. This simple approach allows us to handle general representations such as point clouds or meshes with noise, outliers, and missing data. We present features learned on several patch databases to illustrate the utility of such an analysis for geometry processing applications.
An examination of the factor structure of the family environment scale

Abstract The present study examines the underlying factor structure of a widely used family assessment tool, the Family Environment Scale. In a factor analysis of data from college students and employees of a New England university (n=828), the presence of 10 unique clusters representing the 10 subscales of the FES was not confirmed. This is the second factor analysis that failed to support empirically the existence of the 10 subscales. Concerns regarding the continued use of the FES to tap independent dimensions of the family environment by family researchers and clinicians are discussed.
Developing Mathematical Vocabulary

Abstract The article discusses the importance of mathematical vocabulary, difficulties students encounter in learning this vocabulary, and some strategies for teachers to use in instruction. Two general methods for teaching vocabulary are discussed: context and explicit vocabulary instruction. The article summarizes these two methods as they apply to mathematical vocabulary instruction and describes one example of a combined approach.
Strengthening Families

Research suggests that family camp experiences can enhance family relationships. Families often participate in family camp experiences for a vacation, as part of a therapeutic and/or intervention strategy, or to gain general enrichment or engagement. To better understand the impacts of family camp experiences on family functioning, a mixed-methods study was conducted with 60 families across 18 camps. Respondents shared that family camp experiences benefit families because of the positive impacts of the camp staff, parenting reinforcement, and enhancement of family relationships, with 60% of respondents indicating that family camp experiences reinforced good parenting and 86% of respondents indicating that the family camp experience reinforced family relationships. Recommendations for future research and practice are provided.
Server selection mechanism for VoIP system in wireless mesh networks

With the rapid development of wireless communication technology and mobile devices, network traffic on smart mobile devices has increased gradually. VoIP is a well-known and mature technology and communication anywhere is emerging as an important application that requires an entirely different way of thinking about communications. In practice VoIP system one kind of issue that vitally impacts the communication is known as service unavailable when loss of Internet connection. In this study we propose a VoIP system architecture that involves the implementation of SIP server and client on a smart mobile device. Every user can play the roles of both SIP server and client, and users can form a self-organized group in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) to solve the problem of the unavailability of VoIP in specific area with limited Internet connection. Moreover, this study also proposes a Server Selection Mechanism (SSM) that evaluates the capacity of each smart mobile device to select the most appropriate one to act as the SIP server. The Server Selection Mechanism enhanced the period of whole group connectivity and provided better service for group users. A comparison reveals that the Server Selection Mechanism increase the period of group connectivity to 63% and 28% over those achieved using the non-regular select and random select mechanisms respectively.
A survey on clustering based routing protocols in Mobile ad hoc networks

In current trends without preexisting infrastructures, Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are a specific kind of wireless sensor networks which are quickly adopted. Collaborative, medical, military or embedded applications are some of the different types used here. Large number of nodes is used at the large scale of network when MANETs provides new challenges where many clustering algorithms are mitigated. Clusters are the group of entities which allow the clustering algorithm for structuring of network creates a hierarchical structure. Identity, mobility, degree, density, weight, etc., are some of the specific or combination of metrics where each cluster contains a particular node called cluster head. The characteristics of the transmission medium are sharing, low bandwidth, and the routing protocols (information diffusion, path finding, etc.) are the two drawbacks for MANETs. Resource management and net-work performance (routing delay, bandwidth consumption and throughput) are improved to play a vital role for clustering in mobile ad hoc networks. Identifier Neighbor based clustering, Energy based clustering, Mobility based clustering, Topology based clustering, and Weight based clustering are studied and analyzed for existing clustering approaches of MANETs in this article. Then the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques include clustering definition with the clustering approach based on the observation.
MALDI-TOF MS Analysis of Native and Permethylated or Benzimidazole-Derivatized Polysaccharides

MALDI-TOF MS provides rapid and sensitive analyses of larger biomolecules. However, MS analyses of polysaccharide have been reported to have lower sensitivity compared to peptides and proteins. Here, we investigated some polysaccharides chemically derivatized by permethylation and ortho-phenylene diamine (OPD) tagging. Methylated glycan is obviously able to improve the sensitivity for mass spectrometry detection. Oxidative condensation by UV-activation tagging to saccharides by OPD and peptide-OPD also improve the sensitivity of MALDI-TOF MS analyses. Polysaccharides including dextran, glucomannan, arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan and beta-1,3-glucan, isolated from nutritional supplements of Ganoderma lucidum and Saccharomyces pastorianus were measured using MALDI-TOF MS with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHB) as the matrix. These glycans were also derivatized to methylated and benzimidazole-tagged glycans by chemical transformation for molecular weight analysis. The derivatized polysaccharides showed excellent MALDI-TOF MS signal enhancement in the molecular weight range from 1 to 5 kDa. Here, we demonstrate an efficient method to give glycan-benzimidazole (glycan-BIM) derivatives for polysaccharide determination in MALDI-TOF MS. Therefore, permethylated or benzimidazole-derivatized polysaccharides provide a new option for polysaccharide analysis using MALDI-TOF MS.