Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LEGAL AND SOCIAL CHANGES AFFECTING UK RETAILERS′ RESPONSE TO CONSUMER THEFT

In difficult retail trading conditions, and as price‐led strategies become more common, cost control is a very high priority for retailers. The problem faced by UK retailers is that many of the factors influencing the rising trend of consumer theft are outside their control. Identifies some of the social and political factors involved. Based on interviews with retailers a general security strategy of containing consumer theft and actively driving down other “unaccounted” stock losses emerged. However, within this general strategy each retailer adapted it to their particular needs and capabilities.
Market Expectations for First-Time Going-Concern Recipients

Prior research on market reaction to going-concern modifications indicates that unanticipated modifications cause a negative market reaction, whereas anticipated modifications produce no similar reaction. This paper uses previously proposed measures of market expectations and a naive model—actual subsequent viability status—to assess market reaction to going-concern report recipients. Our results indicate that a naive measure of market expectations provides information to the market that is incremental to previously developed measures when using market reaction as an indication of changed expectations. Multiple regression analyses controlling for firm size, going-concern expectation, bankruptcy probability, changes in financial condition, default status, and delisting support our finding of differential abnormal returns based on subsequent viability, and indicate a need for improved models of market expectations.
How SOEs succeed in privatization: net political benefits and learning in networks

Purpose - Drawing on population ecology and net political theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of representative institutions (net political benefits (NPB)) on the success rates of privatization adopted by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and their learning curve during the process. Design/methodology/approach - The author focuses on the privatization of SOEs listed in China and employs the social network with event-history analysis (survival analysis). Findings - The results demonstrate that the determinants of NPB increase the success rates of privatization, while SOEs learn from two perspectives: private firms and other privatizing SOEs within the same population. In particular, I suggest that the outdegree market location network centrality before privatization, as well as the indegree centrality after privatization, both positively moderate the relationship between learning processes and the success rate of SOEs' privatization. Practical implications - More precisely, institutions are factors that not only determine the choice of SOEs to privatization, but also the success of this strategy. The finding will encourage government administrations, both central and local, to promote the development of institutions in order to facilitate market transactions. Implications for firms might be the learning mechanisms discovered in this research. When firms adopted the strategy of privatization, they could choose two sources of learning: private firms within the same industry and others who were implementing the same strategy. Originality/value - The contribution of the paper is, its synthesis of institutional and ecological perspectives and research on privatization in emerging markets and organization learning in networking. Theoretically, the author extends the privatization literature into a worldly context with a combination of institution and organization learning theory. Empirically, with the application of network perspective and survival analysis, the author uncovered and carefully examined the learning mechanism in the process of privatization.
PTOV1 Expression Predicts Prostate Cancer in Men with Isolated High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Needle Biopsy

Purpose: To analyze the expression of PTOV1 in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-PIN) and to explore its usefulness to predict prostate cancer in patients with isolated HG-PIN in needle biopsy (prostate needle biopsy). Experimental Design: PTOV1 expression in HG-PIN lesions from 140 patients was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a semiquantitative manner (Histo-score). HG-PIN derived from 79 radical prostatectomies for prostate cancer and from 11 cistoprostatectomies for bladder cancer without prostate cancer were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Fifty patients with HG-PIN without concomitant cancer at their first prostate needle biopsy were chosen as the study group. Patients were followed by a mean of 2.5 repeated prostate needle biopsies (1-5), during a mean period of 12.4 months (1-39). Results: PTOV1 expression in HG-PIN from radical prostatectomies showed a significantly higher Histo-score (162.6) compared with specimens from cistoprostatectomies (67.0). In the study group, PTOV1 expression was significantly higher in samples with cancer in the follow-up (11 patients, 22%) compared with samples in which cancer was not detected (151.4 versus 94.6). PTOV1 expression was the only independent predictor of cancer in the multivariate analysis and the area under the curve was 0.803 (95% confidence interval, 0.728-0.878). A threshold of 100 for PTOV1 expression provided 90.9% sensitivity, 51.3% specificity, 34.5% positive predictive value, and 95.2% negative predictive value. Conclusions: PTOV1 is overexpressed in HG-PIN associated with cancer and is a potential marker for studying the carcinogenesis and progression of prostate cancer. Prostate needle biopsy with PTOV1 expression in HG-PIN above a threshold of 100 should be repeated immediately for the likely presence of undiagnosed cancer.
Convolution neutral network enhanced binary sensor network for human activity recognition

This paper presents binary sensor network for human activity recognition, specifically, whose performance is enhanced by using convolution neutral networks (CNNs). The goal of this research is to develop a sensing system based on CNNs that can recognize various human daily activities with minimum data acquisition. The whole system consists of pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensor arrays, feature extractor, and a classifier. All the sensory data are converted into binary numbers to preserve the geometry and motion information of targets. In this work, we compare the feature selection and classification methods of CNNs, which can extract feature automatically, with another method. The experiment results have demonstrated that the proposed system can recognize human activity recognition only with a few bits of sensory data. Besides, the CNNs can achieve the best recognition performance despite their high computational complexity.
Approximate aggregation revisited: higher moments do matter

This article addresses the ‘approximate aggregation’ result by Krusell and Smith (1998) who show that in a heterogeneous-agent model it is possible to obtain near-perfect forecasts disregarding distributional information. While this fact is generally interpreted causally, the forecasting model is misspecified and thus unfit for inference. Approximate aggregation does not hold in the baseline economy of Krusell and Smith (1998) when inferences are drawn from an econometric model showing no evidence of misspecification: the higher moments of the wealth distribution are important for the aggregate dynamics.
Climate change: some insights from mean surface temperature statistics

The actual way to tackle with climate change – the setting of a 2°C limit for the increase of the global mean surface temperature (MST) value – is rather unsafe as, at planet scale, the warming is far from uniform. The latitude zones are characterized not only by different climates, but also by different rates of climate parameters modification. Computer analysis of statistical data for more than 100 years shows that the warming rates of the MST and current temperature anomalies are approximately double when one compares the land/ocean areas or the 64N–90N band to the ones near the equator line. Therefore, the zone differences should be taken into consideration as a useful environment indicator for the setting of sustainability targets. The most intense rise of the surface temperature is present and will continue at increased rate in the zone comprising the Arctic area. Statistical treatment also shows a negative feedback of the planet, opposing the global warming process. The polar zones are the ones with lesser abatement tendency. The other areas, despite differences in heating rates, present almost similar values for the attenuation index.
Matched and mismatched unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation for juvenile chronic myeloid leukaemia

Juvenile chronic myeloid leukaemia (JCML) is a rare haematological condition of childhood curable only by bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We report our experience using matched and mismatched unrelated donor BMT for JCML in five patients. Although the procedure is hazardous in terms of toxicity and relapse, two patients are alive and disease‐free 28 and 49 months post BMT.
Rethinking a National Innovation System: The Small Country as 'SME'

Most debates and discussions regarding trends towards globalization and localization, occur in the over-arching context of the knowledge economy, and focus on the impact of these trends on innovation and competitiveness in the 'Triad' of Europe, Japan and the USA. However, in the knowledge economy, competitiveness is increasingly based upon access to knowledge, in the form of skills and capabilities, wherever it is located in the world including the smaller industrialized countries. This paper extends the discussion of the impacts of globalization and localization to encompass other nations and their 'national innovation systems'. Policy underpinning national systems to encourage innovation is increasingly being called into question by the general move towards globalization and localization. Multi-national enterprises (MNEs) and localized clusters in the emerging technologies determine and control technological paths beyond and through national borders. Small industrialized nations which have neither a br.
Cellular Organization in Rat Somatosensory Cortex: Effects of Sex and Laterality

Layer IV of rodent somatosensory cortex contains distinct arrangements of cells characterized as barrels. When barrels first form in rats, each barrel consists of a cell-dense "wall" and a cell-sparse "hollow. " With age, the distinction of the boundary between barrel walls and hollows diminishes. Cellular arrangements within barrels were quantified to test whether the barrels are influenced by sex and laterality during cortical development. A computer-assisted method was developed to measure cell densities in relation to barrel boundaries. The boundaries between barrel walls and hollows were determined in tissue double-stained for Nissl substance and cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. The distinction between barrel walls and hollows revealed by Nissl stains differed significantly between anterior and posterior barrels. This distinction declined significantly in anterior barrels from Postnatal Day 10 (P10) to P30. The area of cortex containing barrels was estimated from composites of Nissl-stained sections. At P20 the detectable barrel cortex area was larger on the right in females and on the left in males resulting in a significant sex difference in barrel cortex asymmetry. This sex difference in barrel cortex laterality was detected only in Nissl-stained tissue; there were no differences attributable to sex or side in barrel cortex area analyzed for cytochrome oxidase reactivity. We hypothesize that sex-dependent differences in barrel cortex structure result from lateralized differences in cellular organization.
Market Wages and Youth Crime

To study the problem of widespread youth crime, I analyze a time‐allocation model in which consumers face parametric wages and diminishing marginal returns to crime. The theory motivates an econometric model that I estimate using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. My estimates suggest that youth behavior is responsive to price incentives and that falling real wages may have been an important determinant of rising youth crime during the 1970s and 1980s. Moreover, wage differentials explain a substantial component of both the racial differential in criminal participation and the age distribution of crime.
Characteristics of medication errors and adverse drug events in hospitals participating in the California Pediatric Patient Safety Initiative.

PURPOSE The characteristics of medication errors and adverse drug events (ADEs) in hospitals participating in the California Pediatric Patient Safety Initiative (CaPPSI) were studied to identify opportunities for improvement. METHODS Data were collected to identify pharmacy intervention medication errors (PIMEs) with significant harm potential and ADEs identified by a validated pediatric trigger method (TADEs) and by voluntary incident reports (VADEs) from November 2003 through April 2004. Electronic trigger identification was used. The primary outcomes measured were PIMEs, TADEs, and VADEs and the characteristics of these medication errors and ADEs. A secondary outcome measure was the positive predictive value of the trigger tool. RESULTS The rates of PIMEs, TADEs, and VADEs were 2.67, 22.3, and 1.7 per 1000 patient days, respectively. PIMEs and ADEs occurred mostly among patients age one year or older during days 0 and 1 of admission and involved the following medication categories: antiinfectives and antibiotics, analgesics and antipyretics, and electrolytic-, caloric-, and water balance-replacement preparations. Most PIMEs involved an incorrect dosage or the wrong drug. Primary diagnoses differed between those with PIMEs and VADEs and those with TADEs. All medication processes were in need of improvement except dispensing. The trigger tool identified more ADEs than did voluntary incident reports by a factor of 11 and had a positive predictive value of 16.8%. CONCLUSION Baseline rates of PIMEs, TADEs, and VADEs for pediatric hospitals in California were determined through collaborative efforts of CaPPSI facilities. Identification of ADEs was more effective when a trigger tool was used than when incidents were voluntarily reported.
Educational Production in Europe

Available data and recently developed estimation methods make it possible to assess school performance in terms of a production process, where ’inputs’ of students, teachers, and resources are combined to create a very important ’output’: the cognitive skills of students. This paper estimates the education production function using representative samples of middle-school students in 15 West European countries. The size of teaching classes is a particularly important feature of the educational production process because it can be relatively easily manipulated by policy makers. However, no statistically and economically significant class-size effect is detected by any of the evidence considered in this paper. The results suggest that, at least in the context of the resources and organizational structure of West European lower secondary education systems, expensive across-the-board reduction of class sizes is extremely unlikely to foster student learning.
Analisis Pengaruh Cash Ratio, Return On Assets, Growth, Firm Size, Debt to Equity Ratio Terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio : ( Studi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2008-2011)

Manufacturing firm is processing industry company go through raw material into a goods. There are phenomenon in 2009 which showed that variable cash ratio, Return On Assets, size increased but it is not followed by increase Dividend Payout Ratio.This research aims to analyze the effect mechanism of liquidity, profitability, growth, firm size and financial leverage against the dividend payout ratio at manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange (IDX) for the period 2008-2011. The mechanism of liquidity determined by variable cash ratio, the mechanism of profitability described by variable return on assets, while financial leverage in this research described by variable debt to equity ratio. The sample used in this study 29 companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange (IDX) for the period 2008-2011. Method of samples conducted by using purposive sampling. This research using multiple regression analysis including descriptive statistic test, classic assumptions test, and goodness of fit test. The result of this research showed that cash ratio had positive and not significant influence to dividend payout ratio, return on assets and size simultaneously had positive and significantly influence to dividend payout ratio, Growth was negative and not significant influence to Dividend Payout Ratio, meanwhile Debt to Equity Ratio had positive and significant influence to the Dividend Payout Ratio. Based on the coefficient of determination ( R2 ), having results of 0,224. It means independent variable influences the Cash Ratio, ROA, Growth, Size of the dependent variables, DER DPR can be described by this equation of 22,4%. While the rest of 77.6% is explained by other factors that are not included in the regression model.
Does Keynesian Theory Explain Indian Government Bond Yields?

John Maynard Keynes held that the central bank's actions determine long-term interest rates through short-term interest rates and various monetary policy measures. His conjectures about the determinants of long-term interest rates were made in the context of advanced capitalist economies, and were based on his views on ontological uncertainty and the formation of investors' expectations. Are these conjectures valid in emerging markets, such as India? This paper empirically investigates the determinants of changes in Indian government bonds' nominal yields. Changes in short-term interest rates, after controlling for other crucial variables such as changes in the rates of inflation and economic activity, take a lead role in driving changes in the nominal yields of Indian government bonds. This vindicates Keynes's theories, and suggests that his views on long-term interest rates are also applicable to emerging markets. Higher fiscal deficits do not appear to raise government bond yields in India. It is further argued that Keynes's conjectures about investors' outlooks, views, and expectations are fairly robust in a world of ontological uncertainty.
An innovative educational clinical experience promoting geriatric exercise

ABSTRACT Formal educational training in physical activity promotion is relatively sparse throughout the medical education system. The authors describe an innovative clinical experience in physical activity directed at medical clinicians on a geriatrics rotation. The experience consists of a single 2 1/2 hour session, in which learners are partnered with geriatric patients engaged in a formal supervised exercise program. The learners are guided through an evidence-based exercise regimen tailored to functional status. This experience provides learners with an opportunity to interact with geriatric patients outside the hospital environment to counterbalance the typical geriatric rotation in which geriatric patients are often seen in clinics or hospitals. In this experience, learners are exposed to fit and engaged geriatric patients successfully living in the community despite chronic or disabling conditions. A survey of 105 learners highlighted positive responses to the experience, with 96% of survey respondents indicating that the experience increased their confidence in their ability to serve as advocates for physical activity for older adults, and 89.5% of responders to a follow-up survey indicating that the experience changed their perception of geriatric patients. Modifications to the experience, implemented at partnering facilities are described. The positive feedback from this experience warrants consideration for implementation in other settings.
Formation of leader-follower quadrotors in cluttered environment

This paper presents a constructive design of a formation controller for leader-follower quadrotors in cluttered environment. To avoid collision in the formation and with obstacles, a path planning and collision avoidance function based on visibility graph, Dijkstra algorithm and smooth step function are embedded in the controller. An attitude extraction algorithm which uses the conversion between quaternions and Euler angles to achieve the global results is also employed. The external disturbance are eliminated by estimation update laws. Simulations illustrate the results.
Binocular Pattern Stabilization by Afterimage Technique: Reliability of Children's Time-Dependent Judgments of Chromatic Features

To investigate visual afterimage technique as a means of producing retinally stabilized pattern, children's judgments of time-dependent shifts in chromatic appearance of random-dot configurations were twice examined within a 3-wk. interval. 13 subjects, aged 7 to 12 yr. , were very consistent (r = .93) in their test-retest response times. This supports the belief that afterimage procedures can be developed as a reliable means of studying developmental aspects of stabilized pattern perception.
Are Real Moods Required to Reveal Mood-Congruent and Mood-Dependent Memory?

While simulating, or acting as if, they were either happy or sad, university students recounted emotionally positive, neutral, or negative events from their personal past. Two days later, subjects were asked to freely recall the gist of all of these events, and they did so while simulating a mood that either did or did not match the one they had feigned before. By comparing the present results with those of a previous study, in which affectively realistic and subjectively convincing states of happiness and sadness had been engendered experimentally, we searched for—and found—striking differences between simulated and actual moods in their impact on autobiographical memory. In particular, it appears that the mood-congruent effects elicited by simulated moods are qualitatively different from those evoked by induced moods, and that only authentic affects have the power to produce mood-dependent effects.
RGBD image segmentation using deep edge

In the past a few decades, many schemes have been proposed for segmenting a color image into meaningful regions. However, the newly availability of depth data provides opportunities to explore and improve the image segmentation performance. In addition, the new image processing tools based on deep learning technology are aggressively developed recently. This paper proposes a method of combining color and depth data to segment an image. As an initial stage, we partition a color image into regions using the DeepEdge tool, an image edge detection scheme developed based on the CNN (Convolutional Neural Net) technique. Then, we use the RANSAC tool to identify and merge regions with similar planar geometry (based on the depth information). At the final stage, guided by the DeepEdge information, a region merging method is employed to fine-tune the merged regions based on the color and depth similarity. Comparing to our previous results, the DeepEdge method together with the depth information helps in improving the segmentation result in most cases.