Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Macrophage deactivation by interleukin 10

Recombinant mouse interleukin 10 (IL-10) was exceedingly potent at suppressing the ability of mouse peritoneal macrophages (m phi) to release tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). The IC50 of IL-10 for the suppression of TNF-alpha release induced by 0.5 microgram/ml lipopolysaccharide was 0.04 +/- 0.03 U/ml, with as little as 1 U/ml suppressing TNF-alpha production by a factor of 21.4 +/- 2.5. At 10 U/ml, IL-10 markedly suppressed m phi release of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) (IC50 3.7 +/- 1.8 U/ml), but only weakly inhibited m phi release of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI). Since TNF-alpha is a T cell growth and differentiation factor, whereas ROI and RNI are known to inhibit lymphocyte function, it is possible that m phi exposed to low concentrations of IL-10 suppress lymphocytes. m phi deactivated by higher concentrations of IL-10 might be permissive for the growth of microbial pathogens and tumor cells, as TNF-alpha, ROI, and RNI are major antimicrobial and tumoricidal products of m phi. IL-10's effects on m phi overlap with but are distinct from the effects of the two previously described cytokines that suppress the function of mouse m phi, transforming growth factor beta and macrophage deactivation factor. Based on results with neutralizing antibodies, all three m phi suppressor factors appear to act independently.
ACTION: Breaking the Privacy Barrier for RFID Systems

In order to protect privacy, radio frequency identification (RFID) systems employ privacy-preserving authentication (PPA) to allow valid readers to explicitly authenticate their dominated tags without leaking private information. Typically, an RF tag sends an encrypted message to the reader, then the reader searches for the key that can decrypt the cipher to identify the tag. Due to the large-scale deployment of today's RFID systems, the key search scheme for any PPA requires a short response time. Previous designs construct balance-tree based key management structures to accelerate the search speed to 0(logN), where N is the number of tags. Being efficient, such approaches are vulnerable to compromising attacks. By capturing a small number of tags, compromising attackers are able to identify other tags that have not been corrupted. To address this issue, we propose an Anti- Compromising authenticaTION protocol, ACTION, which employs a novel sparse tree architecture, such that the key of every tag is independent from one another. The advantages of this design include: 1) resilience to the compromising attack, 2) reduction of key storage for tags from 0(logN) to 0(1), which is significant for resource critical tag devices, and 3) high search efficiency, which is 0(logN), as good as the best in the previous designs.
Objective Assessment of the Nasal Airway in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate—A Long-Term Study

Objective To objectively evaluate the nasal function in adults operated on for unilateral cleft lip and palate with one-stage or two-stage palate closure. Design The population consists of all unilateral cleft lip and palate patients born from 1960 to 1987 and treated at the Cleft Lip and Palate Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. The patients were treated according to the same protocol except for palate closure, which was performed in one stage until 1977 and in two stages thereafter. Eighty-three patients participated. Mean follow-up time after primary surgery was 32 years. An age-matched control group underwent the same examinations. Main Outcome Measures Nasal minimum cross-sectional area (cm2) and volume (cm3) were assessed (acoustic rhinometry). Airflow resistance (Pa s/cm3) (rhinomanometry), peak inspiratory flow (L/min) (peak nasal inspiratory flow), and number of identified odors (Scandinavian Odor Identification Test) were determined. Results The cleft side of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients had significantly lower values for all parameters compared with controls (p < .001). No difference was found between one-stage and two-stage procedures in values for the cleft side. However, the nasal area and volume of the noncleft side were significantly larger in patients who underwent one-stage as compared with two-stage procedures (p < .05). Conclusion The nasal airway of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients demonstrates a wide range of impairments that can be quantified by objective measurements. However, the measurements used did not differentiate between patients operated on with the one-stage and two-stage procedures except for values of the noncleft side.
Factors associated with milk urea concentrations in Ontario dairy cows.

All DHI test-day data, including milk urea concentrations measured by infrared test method, were collected from 60 commercial Ontario Holstein dairy herds for a 13-mo period between December 1, 1995, and December 31, 1996. The objectives of this study were to describe the relationships between milk urea concentrations and seasonal factors, sampling factors, cow factors, and test-day production of milk, milk fat, protein, and SCC. Milk urea was associated with month and season; concentrations were the highest from July to September. Milk urea was generally lower in first-lactation cows. Milk urea was lowest during the first 60 d of lactation, higher between 60 and 150 d in milk, and lower after approximately 150 d in milk. In herds on an alternating a.m./p.m. test schedule, milk urea was generally lower in a.m. than p.m. tests. There was a positive nonlinear association between milk urea and milk yield, fat-corrected milk, and energy-corrected milk. There was a negative nonlinear association between milk urea and both milk fat and total protein percentages. While there was a negative nonlinear association between cow-level milk urea and linear score, the study found no association between herd average milk urea and herd average linear score. The associations described in this study using Dairy Herd Improvement test-day samples from commercial dairy herds and using an infrared test to measure milk urea are generally consistent with results from studies that used individual animals housed under research conditions and chemical methods to measure milk urea. Because milk urea varies by season, month, parity group, stage of lactation, and sample type, studies should control for these variables. Because of the apparent effect of a.m. and p.m. sampling on urea concentration, producers on an alternating a.m./p.m. test schedule should test routinely to establish a herd pattern for urea and submit the same sampling time consistently or both.
Organizational Learning: Bringing the Forces of Production Back In

Under the influence of the ‘communities of practice’ perspective, research on organizational learning has lost sight of the role of science and technology. As a result, theory development in this field too often takes archaic work forms as its starting point. Based on a structural and materialist interpretation of Marx, this paper proposes an alternative approach that theorizes organizational learning as an outcome of contradictory processes in which the productive forces are progressively socialized, albeit unevenly. This approach leads to a very different perspective on tacit/explicit knowledge, work formalization, identify formation and the roles of managers and engineers. This structural-Marxist theory of organizational learning offers a more fruitful account of learning in technologically advanced, competitive sectors such as the manufacturing and process industries. Increasingly, it also applies to private and public service provision.
Soft Errors in Electronic Memory – A White Paper

In the ear ly days of computers, “ glitches” were an accepted w ay of life. Since then, as computers have become more reliable (a nd more relied upon), glitches are no lo nger accep table – yet they still occur. One of the most intractable s ources of glitches has been the transient “bit-flip”, or soft memo ry error: a random event that corrupts the value stored in a memo ry cell without damaging the cell itself. Soft errors in electronic memor y were first traced to alpha particle * missions from chip packa ging materials. Since then, memory manufacturers have eliminated most alpha particle sources from the ir materials, cha nged their designs to make t hem less susceptible (e .g., moved ball-grid bumps farther aw y from memory cells), and even ad ded shielding (usual ly internal die coati ngs). Tests and standards have been developed to meas ure and improve t he resistance of memory chips to alpha particles – but soft errors have not disappeared.
Spectral study of the Galactic ridge X-ray emission with Suzaku: Comparison of the spectral shape with point sources

The Galactic ridge X-ray emission (GRXE) is unresolved X-ray emission located on the Galactic plane, and whether the GRXE comes from truly diffuse plasma or unresolved point sources is still debatable. We present results of spectral analysis of the GRXE with Suzaku. In order to examine the point source origin, we fitted the GRXE spectra in the 1.2–10 keV energy band with a point source model, which is a mixture of active binary stars (ABs) and non-magnetic cataclysmic variables (non-mCVs), and found that the model cannot represent the GRXE spectral shape as long as the standard metal abundances of these species are assumed. In particular, the standard abundance model cannot account for the observed intensities of Si, S, and Ar lines as well as the previously reported Fe line. Assuming spatial densities in the solar neighborhood, integration of the ABs and non-mCVs accounts for only 30% of the observed GRXE flux. Other species of the point sources or diffuse emission with stronger Si, S, Ar, and Fe emission lines shall explain the rest.
Personality, organizational orientations and self‐reported learning outcomes

Purpose – To identify competencies connecting personality, organizational orientations and self‐reported learning outcomes (as measured by concise Likert‐type scales), for individuals who are learning for their organizations.Design/methodology/approach – Five concise factor scales were constructed to represent aspects of personality. Three further concise factor scales were constructed to represent orientation towards managers' roles and behaviour, orientation towards employees' roles and behaviours and self‐reported learning outcomes. The eight‐factor sub‐scales were combined in a 47‐item Likert‐type instrument. A total of 170 individuals, in ten separate groups, provided factor scores that were analysed using principal components analysis.Findings – Analysis revealed four competencies related to the eight factor scales in the mindset of individuals. They are: aptness, art, adherence, and adventure.Research limitations/implications – The study was conducted mainly with university respondents from the UK .
Equivalent-Input-Disturbance Approach—Analysis and Application to Disturbance Rejection in Dual-Stage Feed Drive Control System

This paper deals with the high-precision positioning control of a dual-stage feed drive. The design of the control system is based on the equivalent input-disturbance (EID) approach to improve the disturbance rejection performance. An analysis of the EID approach reveals the mechanism of disturbance rejection. The design procedure is illustrated by a numerical example. Simulation results show that the EID control system not only rejects disturbances, but also suppresses uncertainties and nonlinearities in the plant. Design and simulation results for the example are also employed to compare our method with the disturbance observer method, and to demonstrate the validity of our method.
Eliciting Stated Preferences: An Application to Willingness to Pay for Longevity

The economic analysis of many health policies requires evaluation of the benefits of programs that may prolong human lives. This article contributes to the development of credible values for longevity, demonstrating the feasibility of applying stated-preference market-research techniques to a new area of preference revelation and framing the problem as extending longevity under realistic health states associated with advanced age. Respondents to the authors' stated-preference survey clearly indicated that quality of life affects the value of quantity of life. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of life-extension values to specific health and activity-limitation conditions. The article also discusses problems that remain to be solved before valid and reliable longevity values can be obtained.
Reduction of Nitroarenes into Aryl Amines and N-Aryl hydroxylamines via Activation of NaBH4 and Ammonia-Borane Complexes by Ag/TiO2 Catalyst

In this study, we report the fabrication of mesoporous assemblies of silver and TiO2 nanoparticles (Ag/MTA) and demonstrate their catalytic efficiency for the selective reduction of nitroarenes. The Ag/TiO2 assemblies, which show large surface areas (119–128 m2·g−1) and narrow-sized mesopores (ca. 7.1–7.4 nm), perform as highly active catalysts for the reduction of nitroarenes, giving the corresponding aryl amines and N-aryl hydroxylamines with NaBH4 and ammonia-borane (NH3BH3), respectively, in moderate to high yields, even in large scale reactions (up to 5 mmol). Kinetic studies indicate that nitroarenes substituted with electron-withdrawing groups reduced faster than those with electron-donating groups. The measured positive ρ values from the formal Hammett-type kinetic analysis of X-substituted nitroarenes are consistent with the proposed mechanism that include the formation of possible [Ag]-H hybrid species, which are responsible for the reduction process. Because of the high observed chemo selectivities and the clean reaction processes, the present catalytic systems, i.e., Ag/MTA-NaBH4 and Ag/MTA-NH3BH3, show promise for the efficient synthesis of aryl amines and N-aryl hydroxylamines at industrial levels.
Annotation and Disambiguation of English Compound Units in the English DeepBank

The aim of this paper is twofold. We focus, on the one hand, on the task of dynamically annotating English compound nouns, and on the other hand we propose disambiguation methods and techniques which facilitate the annotation task. These annotations are very rich linguistically, since apart from syntax they also incorporate semantics, which does not only ensure that the treebank is guaranteed to be a truly sharable, re-usable and multi-functional linguistic resource, but also calls for the necessity of a better disambiguation of the internal (syntactic) structure of larger units of words, such as compound units, since this has an impact on the representation of their meaning, which is of utmost interest if the linguistic annotation of a given corpus is to be further understood as the practice of adding interpretative linguistic information of the highest quality in order to give “added value” to the corpus.
A Review of Data Security Issues in Cloud Environment

computing technology is becoming as the next generation architecture of IT industry. It offered many services over the internet. So it is novel pattern of computing where resources are provided on demand via internet. Being pay-as-you-go model, cloud users lease the required resource and pay for their usages only. Today cloud computing is an attractive topic in field of Research and Development. It has many potential advantage and many enterprise applications and data are moving to public or hybrid cloud. But yet many numbers of business-critical applications, organizations, large enterprise wouldn't move them to cloud because of security issues. So from the users' perspective, cloud security concerns, data security and privacy protection issues, remain them primary problem for using cloud computing. In this paper we analyzed security and privacy issues associated with cloud computing and describes some reason for why all IT company are not used cloud and give solution of some issues. Also discuss various attacks against Cloud architecture. Keywordscomputing, security, Data integrity and privacy.
Learning correspondences between letters and phonemes without explicit instruction

Abstract Three studies examined the sources of learning by which children, very early in learning to read, formed correspondences between letters and phonemes when these were not explicitly taught in the whole language instruction they received. There were three classes of predicted knowledge sources: (a) induced sublexical relations (i.e., induction of orthographic–phonological relations from the experience of print words), (b) acrophones from letter names, and (c) transfer from spelling experience. The results of Study 1 indicated that children used both sources (a) and (b). Study 2 results showed that source (a) dominated when the letters were initial components of pseudowords rather than isolated items. The transfer from phoneme-to-grapheme correspondences of the children's spelling was examined in Study 3. The results were not consistent with the use of source (c). The findings of these studies have implications for the question of how early in learning to read children are able to use knowledge from their experience of print words as a source for phonological recoding.
Validation of a Cantonese version of the Preschool Language Assessment Instrument

AbstractThe Preschool Language Assessment Instrument was translated into Cantonese for administration in Hong Kong. It was proposed that Blank and colleagues' model of classroom discourse would be very suited to Hong Kong, as a high proportion of Hong Kong preschool children attend some kind of preschool or kindergarten. In this context, measuring comprehension ability across dimensions other than just syntactic or semantic complexity becomes important. The translated test was found to be an effective tool for assessing language comprehension in three-, four-, and five-year-old children, and was strongly correlated with the Reynell Developmental Language Scales. Modifications to the PLAI are recommended. The test should be a useful tool for teachers and speech-language pathologists in determining the types of adult input that are facilitative for individual children in the classroom.
Increasing Incidence of Colorectal Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults Aged 15–39 Years in Western Australia 1982–2007: Examination of Colonoscopy History

Aims To examine trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and colonoscopy history in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15–39 years in Western Australia (WA) from 1982 to 2007. Design Descriptive cohort study using population-based linked hospital and cancer registry data. Method Five-year age-standardized and age-specific incidence rates of CRC were calculated for all AYAs and by sex. Temporal trends in CRC incidence were investigated using Joinpoint regression analysis. The annual percentage change (APC) in CRC incidence was calculated to identify significant time trends. Colonoscopy history relative to incident CRC diagnosis was examined and age and tumor grade at diagnosis compared for AYAs with and without pre-diagnosis colonoscopy. CRC-related mortality within 5 and 10 years of incident diagnosis were compared for AYAs with and without pre-diagnosis colonoscopy using mortality rate ratios (MRRs) derived from negative binomial regression. Results Age-standardized CRC incidence among AYAs significantly increased in WA between 1982 and 2007, APC = 3.0 (95% CI 0.7–5.5). Pre-diagnosis colonoscopy was uncommon among AYAs (6.0%, 33/483) and 71% of AYAs were diagnosed after index (first ever) colonoscopy. AYAs with pre-diagnosis colonoscopy were older at CRC diagnosis (mean 36.7 ± 0.7 years) compared to those with no prior colonoscopy (32.6 ± 0.2 years), p < 0.001. At CRC diagnosis, a significantly greater proportion of AYAs with pre-diagnosis colonoscopy had well-differentiated tumors (21.2%) compared to those without (5.6%), p = 0.001. CRC-related mortality was significantly lower for AYAs with pre-diagnosis colonoscopy compared to those without, for both 5-year [MRR = 0.44 (95% CI 0.27–0.75), p = 0.045] and 10-year morality [MRR = 0.43 (95% CI 0.24–0.83), p = 0.043]. Conclusion CRC incidence among AYAs in WA has significantly increased over the 25-year study period. Pre-diagnosis colonoscopy is associated with lower tumor grade at CRC diagnosis as well as significant reduction in both 5- and 10-year CRC-related mortality rates. These findings warrant further research into the balance in benefits and harms of targeted screening for AYA at highest risk.
EOF analysis of three records of sea‐ice concentration spanning the last 30 years

Several continuous observational datasets of Artic sea‐ice concentration are currently available that cover the period since the advent of routine satellite observations. We report on a comparison of three sea‐ice concentration datasets. These are the National Ice Center charts, and two passive microwave radiometer datasets derived using different approaches: the NASA team and Bootstrap algorithms. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses were employed to compare modes of variability and their consistency between the datasets. The analysis was motivated by the need for a reliable, realistic sea ice climatology for use in climate model simulations, for which both the variability and absolute values of extent and concentration are important. We found that, while there are significant discrepancies in absolute concentrations, the major modes of variability derived from all records were essentially the same.
Complexity Reduction for Direction of Arrival Estimation with Massive MIMO

This paper presents a novel algorithm to reduce the complexity for Direction of Arrival estimation in an outdoor multipath scenario. The proposed Adaptive Search Space Quantization (ASSQ) algorithm is able to decrease the number of beamforming vectors compared to state of the art and thus matrix multiplications, achieving the same estimation accuracy. The idea of the algorithm is to adaptively decrease the search space and to increase the quantization level in multiple steps. We present numerical results from exhaustive and limited search using a three dimensional channel model, achieving an estimation accuracy of less than 1 m with a probability of 98%.
Le Festin: Shop sign recognition assisted food recommendation system

As the popularity of smart phone, Web 2.0 data, and 3G mobile networks, people are getting used to search for information from the Internet anytime and everywhere. However, typing text query on mobile device and digesting a large number of retrieved user-generated data are both inconvenient for users. To overcome these troubles, we develop a wearable system, Le Festin, which is a shop sign recognition assisted food recommendation system. In Le Festin, food recommendation list and restaurant-related information can be easily obtained by just snapping restaurant signboard. The system is composed of two main techniques: Chinese character recognition (CCR) and blog mining. We integrate a powerful CCR algorithm which has the accuracy about 90% and propose a new blog mining method which is combined with food name extraction and sentiment analysis. By merging the above two functions, a convenient system is built.