Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Actions of a histaminergic/peptidergic projection neuron on rhythmic motor patterns in the stomatogastric nervous system of the crab Cancer borealis

Histamine is a neurotransmitter with actions throughout the nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates. Nevertheless, the actions of only a few identified histamine‐containing neurons have been characterized. Here, we present the actions of a histaminergic projection neuron on the rhythmically active pyloric and gastric mill circuits within the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the crab Cancer borealis. An antiserum generated against histamine labeled profiles throughout the C. borealis stomatogastric nervous system. Labeling occurred in several somata and neuropil within the paired commissural ganglia as well as in neuropil within the STG and at the junction of the superior oesophageal and stomatogastric nerves. The source of all histamine‐like immunolabeling in the STG neuropil was one pair of neuronal somata, the previously identified inferior ventricular (IV) neurons, located in the supraoesophageal ganglion. These neurons also exhibited FLRFamide‐like immunoreactivity. Activation of the IV neurons in the crab inhibited some pyloric and gastric mill neurons and, with inputs from the commissural ganglia eliminated, terminated both rhythms. Focal application of histamine had comparable effects. The actions of both applied histamine and IV neuron stimulation were blocked, reversibly, by the histamine type‐2 receptor antagonist cimetidine. With the commissural ganglia connected to the STG, IV neuron stimulation elicited a longer‐latency activation of commissural projection neurons which in turn modified the pyloric rhythm and activated the gastric mill rhythm. These results support the hypothesis that the histaminergic/peptidergic IV neurons are projection neurons with direct and indirect actions on the STG circuits of the crab C. borealis. J. Comp. Neurol. 469:153–169, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Centroid Based Classification Model for Location Distinction in Dynamic Wireless Network

Effective location distinction can help to detect the replication attack towards wireless stations. Instantaneous signal strength information can be used to identify different location information for one certain station. However, most of the previous solutions are under an assumption of a static network. In this paper, we propose a simple centroid based classification model to effectively classify the packets sent by masqueraders among all the packets received based on the aggregate signal strength vectors of packets from multiple access points. The simulation results indicate that the self-location recognition accuracies of our method for static and moving stations achieve 95% and 90%, respectively. Moreover, our method is shown to be very effective in attacker detection, in which attacker locations detection accuracy surpasses 80% even if the attacked targets are moving.
Generalizing the Nonlocal-Means to Super-Resolution Reconstruction

Super-resolution reconstruction proposes a fusion of several low-quality images into one higher quality result with better optical resolution. Classic super-resolution techniques strongly rely on the availability of accurate motion estimation for this fusion task. When the motion is estimated inaccurately, as often happens for nonglobal motion fields, annoying artifacts appear in the super-resolved outcome. Encouraged by recent developments on the video denoising problem, where state-of-the-art algorithms are formed with no explicit motion estimation, we seek a super-resolution algorithm of similar nature that will allow processing sequences with general motion patterns. In this paper, we base our solution on the Nonlocal-Means (NLM) algorithm. We show how this denoising method is generalized to become a relatively simple super-resolution algorithm with no explicit motion estimation. Results on several test movies show that the proposed method is very successful in providing super-resolution on general sequences.
Components of DNA Damage Checkpoint Pathway Regulate UV Exposure–Dependent Alterations of Gene Expression of FHIT and WWOX at Chromosome Fragile Sites

Common chromosome fragile sites are highly recombinogenic and susceptible to deletions during the development of environmental carcinogen–induced epithelial tumors. Previous studies showed that not only genetic but also epigenetic alterations in cancerous cells are involved in inactivation of the genes FHIT and WWOX at chromosome fragile sites, reported to be potential tumor suppressor genes. Here we investigated the effect of UV light on the gene expression. After exposure to UV, the mRNA and protein of the two genes in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) were unstable, apparently at the G1-S phase of the cell cycle, which was consistent with nuclear run-on assay. A study of MEFs synchronized via a double thymidine block indicated that, after the exposure, the expression of Fhit and Wwox was reduced in E2f-1–deficient cells and markedly in wild-type cells, whereas the reduction was partially inhibited in Trp53-deficient cells; cells at the S phase seemed to be sensitive to exogenous FHIT, suggesting a role of the checkpoint at the G1-S phase in the stability of gene expression and a possible involvement of FHIT function at the S phase. The transfection experiment showed that the UV-induced decrease in expression was partially inhibited by transfection of kinase-dead Atr (ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related), which is a sensor of UV-induced damage. Taken together, the present study showed that UV-induced alterations of the fragile site gene expression are involved at least partially in the checkpoint function, suggesting the role in the process of carcinogenesis after exposure to UV.
PLP-squared: autoregressive modeling of auditory-like 2-d spectro-temporal patterns

The temporal trajectories of the spectral energy in auditory critical bands over 250 ms segments are approximated by an all-pole model, the time-domain dual of conventional linear prediction. This quarter-second auditory spectro-temporal pattern is further smoothed by iterative alternation of spectral and temporal all-pole modeling. Just as Perceptual Linear Prediction (PLP) uses an autoregressive model in the frequency domain to estimate peaks in an auditory-like short-term spectral slice, PLP uses all-pole modeling in both time and frequency domains to estimate peaks of a two-dimensional spectrotemporal pattern, motivated by considerations of the auditory system.
Finite element code development for modeling detonation of HMX composites

In this work, we present a hydrodynamics code for modeling shock and detonation waves in HMX. A stable efficient solution strategy based on a Taylor-Galerkin finite element (FE) discretization was developed to solve the reactive Euler equations. In our code, well calibrated equations of state for the solid unreacted material and gaseous reaction products have been implemented, along with a chemical reaction scheme and a mixing rule to define the properties of partially reacted states. A linear Gruneisen equation of state was employed for the unreacted HMX calibrated from experiments. The JWL form was used to model the EOS of gaseous reaction products. It is assumed that the unreacted explosive and reaction products are in both pressure and temperature equilibrium. The overall specific volume and internal energy was computed using the rule of mixtures. Arrhenius kinetics scheme was integrated to model the chemical reactions. A locally controlled dissipation was introduced that induces a non-oscillatory sta.
Unilateral Transforaminal Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion

A prospective analysis of consecutive patients who had lumbar fusion using the unilateral transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion with pedicle screw fixation is presented to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion procedure and describe the technique and indication in the treatment of degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Forty patients treated with transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine (with anterior column deficiency) were followed up for a minimum of 3 years (mean, 3.4 years; range, 3–3.9 years). Radiographic assessment included plain and flexion and extension radiographs. Clinical outcome was based on pain relief, ability to do activities of daily living, and return to work. Thirty-six patients (90%) had solid fusions and at latest followup, segmental lordosis has increased in all patients. Eighty-five percent of patients had excellent or good clinical outcome(s). The unilateral transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion provides bilateral anterior column support through a unilateral approach. The patients had high fusion rates and patient satisfaction as reported with similar complications found in other methods commonly used for spinal decompression and stabilization.
Shaping Polyyne Rods by Using an Electric Field

Abstract When a homogenous electric field is applied to polyynes (C10 and C20) perpendicular to their long axis, they bend to form an arch. The height of the arch is proportional to the intensity of the electric field. The direction of the bend and its magnitude depend on the electronic nature (donor/acceptor) of the substituents at the termini of the polyyne. The driving force for the formation of the arch is the dipole moment produced in the system parallel to the electric field. This dipole moment stems from the substituents and from additional polarization by the field. The bend of the linear polyyne fits a parabolic distortion. According to mechanical engineering analysis, this results from a moment that operates at the two end zones of the polyynes, in accordance with the natural bond order (NBO) charge distribution. It is shown that solutions relevant to beam deflection due to a central load or a uniformly distributed load are not satisfactory. Various parameters, such as the dipole moment and the height of the arch, are better correlated with σ than with σ + or σ −. Application of the electric field to more complex systems enables the sculpting of interesting nanoshapes.
Drilling of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys

The machinability of NiTi based shape memory alloys has been examined by conducting drilling experiments. For this reason the cutting parameters cutting speed and feed were varied within a wide range. The machining process was evaluated in terms of tool wear, cutting forces and machining quality. The tool wear was analysed with a scanning electron microscope and the influence of machining on the subsurface zone was evaluated by micro hardness measurements.
Biomechanics of Ergometric Stress Test: regional and local effects on elastic, transitional and muscular human arteries

Ergometric exercise stress tests (EST) give important information about the cardiovascular (CV) response to increased demands. The expected EST-related changes in variables like blood pressure and heart rate are known, but those in the arterial biomechanics are controversial and incompletely characterized. In this context, this work aims were to characterize the regional and local arterial biomechanical behaviour in response to EST; to evaluate its temporal profile in the post-EST recovery phase; and to compare the biomechanical response of different to EST. Methods: In 16 non-trained healthy young subjects the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and the carotid, femoral and brachial arterial distensibility were non-invasively evaluated before (Rest) and after EST. Main results: The EST resulted in an early increase in the arterial stiffness, evidenced by both, regional and local parameters (pulse wave velocity increase and distensibility reduction). When analyzing conjunctly the different post-EST recovery stages there were quali-quantitative differences among the arterial local stiffness response to EST. The biomechanical changes could not be explained only by blood pressure variations.
Update of ecological risk limits of nickel in soil

Het RIVM doet een voorstel voor nieuwe Nederlandse risicogrenzen voor nikkel in de bodem. Deze grenzen geven aan bij welke concentraties nikkel negatieve effecten op het ecosysteem in de bodem kan veroorzaken. Het voorstel is gebaseerd op de meest recente data en inzichten in Europa. Met deze grenzen worden de risico's van een nikkelverontreiniging realistischer ingeschat. Als gevolg daarvan zullen de normen strenger zijn voor enkele typen bodems, zoals bodems waar meer nikkel uit vrijkomt. Voor het merendeel van de bodems zullen de normen soepeler uitvallen. Nieuw is dat bij deze normen rekening wordt gehouden met de mate waarin bodemorganismen worden blootgesteld aan de vervuilende stof, de zogeheten biobeschikbaarheid. Uit de bodem komt namelijk niet de totale concentratie vrij, omdat een deel aan bodemdeeltjes 'vast blijft zitten'. In welke mate dat gebeurt, is afhankelijk van de samenstelling van de bodem en verschilt daarom per bodemtype. In het onderzoek is ook een correctiemethode ontwikkeld waarmee de totale concentratie van een stof in de bodem kan worden omgerekend naar de concentratie die vrijkomt. e huidige bodemnormen voor nikkel dateren van 2001 en zijn gebaseerd op drie testgegevens met regenwormen. De laatste 15 jaar is er binnen de Europese Unie veel experimenteel onderzoek gedaan naar de mate waarin nikkel giftig is voor bodemorganismen. Het RIVM heeft op basis van deze 184 testresultaten, verdeeld over 43 verschillende soorten organismen of bodemprocessen, nieuwe maximaal toelaatbare risico- (MTR) en ernstige risicoconcentraties (ER) in de bodem afgeleid.
Angular correction related to excision of specific cords in fasciectomy for Dupuytren’s disease

Named cords were excised sequentially at fasciectomy for Dupuytren’s disease and the resultant correction in the joint angle was measured intra-operatively in 99 fingers. Eighty-two metacarpophalangeal and 59 proximal interphalangeal joints were affected. At the metacarpophalangeal joint, excision of the central cord resulted in 82% correction in 69 joints, and spiral/lateral cord excision resulted in an additional 12% correction in 10 joints. At the proximal interphalangeal joint, excision of the central cord resulted in 44% correction in 36 joints, spiral/lateral cord excision resulted in an additional 19% correction in 16 joints, and retrovascular cord excision resulted in a further 23% correction in 27 joints. Subsequent division of the accessory collateral ligament resulted in a further 14% correction in 14 joints. Larger pre-operative angles of the proximal interphalangeal joint were associated with a retrovascular cord, and larger combined angles were associated with an increasing number of pathological structures involved. The data explain the complexity of surgery at the proximal interphalangeal joint, where four structures are implicated in causing flexion deformity.
MOSILAB: Development of a Modelica based generic simulation tool supporting model structural dynamics

The current GENSIM project, which is being conducted by a consortium of six Fraunhofer Institutes, is developing the generic simulation tool MOSILAB for the analysis of mixed time-continuous / timediscrete (hybrid) models of heterogeneous technical systems. One major innovation here in terms of simulation technology is the mapping of statedependent changes in the model structure (model structural dynamics). This enables, for example, simulation experiments to be conducted with models of variable modelling depth. The modelling description language in the project MOSILA is based on Modelica, which was extended syntactically in terms of an adequate description of the model structural dynamics. The simulation tool is composed of a kernel and an integrated development environment and will be available in spring 2005 as a first prototypical implementation. The usability of the simulation tool is tested and evaluated in the GENSIM project by means of three use cases in the application areas fuel cell systems, hygrothermal building analysis and cutting tool systems.
A Non-cooperative Game Theoretic Approach to Energy-efficient Power Control in Wireless Sensor Networks

Aiming at the limited energy characteristics of wireless sensor networks, we apply game theory to solve the power control problem to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, a distributed power control algorithm based on non-cooperative game theory under incomplete information is proposed, which adopts Signal-to-Interference Noise Ratio (SINR) as utility function. The purpose of power control algorithm for noncooperative game is to achieve the largest utility by optimal power control strategy, thus improve the total network energy efficiency. Moreover, Bayesian Nash equilibrium theorem is introduced to study the existence and uniqueness proof of Nash equilibrium algorithm. Simulation results show that there exist points for each of the cost functions considered, which give the maximum net utility given the strategies taken by all other nodes as fixed. And the proposed algorithm is efficient and can achieve better performance.
RTOS Support for Parallel Execution of Hard Real-Time Applications on the MERASA Multi-core Processor

Multi-cores are the contemporary solution to satisfy high performance and low energy demands in general and embedded computing domains. However, currently available multi-cores are not feasible to be used in safety-critical environments with hard real-time constraints. Hard real-time tasks running on different cores must be executed in isolation or their interferences must be time-bounded. Thus, new requirements also arise for a real-time operating system (RTOS), in particular if the parallel execution of hard real-time applications should be supported. In this paper we focus on the MERASA system software as an RTOS developed on top of the MERASA multi-core processor. The MERASA system software fulfils the requirements for time-bounded execution of parallel hard real-time tasks. In particular we focus on thread control with synchronisation mechanisms, memory management and resource management requirements. Our evaluations show that all system software functions are time-bounded by a worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis.
Theoretical and Experimental Studies on Liquid Crystals- The Role of Position of Oxygen

The present article deals with the theoretical and experimental studies on novel liquid crystals. Theoretical studies on nematic liquid crystals viz. 4-octylphenyl-6-octyloxy-2-naphthoate (NAPHE1), and 6-octyloxy-2-naphthyl-4-octyloxybenzoate (NAPHE2) using the density functional theory (DFT) method has been carried out. The structural and electrochemical properties such as HOMO, LUMO energies, and energy gap (Eg) have been investigated. It has been observed that the energy gap is increased due to the substitution of oxygen. Further, the four Schiff’s base compounds are synthesized and characterized by using TM and DSC.
Preparation of zirconium pyrophosphate bonded silicon nitride porous ceramics

Abstract A new method for preparing high bending strength porous silicon nitride ceramics with controlled porosity was developed using a pressureless sintering technique, using zirconium pyrophosphate as a binder. The fabrication process was described in detail and the sintering mechanism of porous ceramics was analysed by an X-ray diffraction method. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the porous Si3N4 ceramics were investigated, as a function of the content of ZrP2O7. The resultant porous silicon nitride ceramics sintered at low temperature (1000 and 1100°C) showed fine micropore structure and a high bending strength. Porous silicon nitride ceramics with porosity of 34–47%, a bending strength of 40–114 MPa and a Young's modulus of 20–50 GPa were obtained.
APPLYING THE META-MODEL BASED APPROACH TO THE TRANSFORMATION OF ONTOLOGY AXIOMS INTO RULE MODEL

The possibility to perform correct and automatic model transformation during reasonable short time is vital in the development of software applications. We analyse transformation of ontology axioms into rule model, which is an important and integral part of each conceptual data model. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to adopt the appropriate model based transformation approach for the transformation of ontology axioms into a rule model.
Tularaemia in Europe: An Epidemiological Overview 1

Tularaemia exists endemically in most European countries. In some areas, such as Finland and Sweden, outbreaks comprising hundreds of cases are recorded at least once a decade. In other areas, outbreaks of such a magnitude occur only occasionally, except in times of war. Between outbreaks, the natural reservoir of the causative agent, Francisella tularensis, is unknown. The organism replicates intracellularly in protozoans. An association of tularaemia to natural water may be of significance in locating the reservoir. Epidemiological work has to date been slow, but is now facilitated by the development of new molecular methods. Due to a variation in numbers of short sequence-tandem repeats in the bacterial genome, individual strains of F. tularensis can today be distinguished.
Detecting Changes in Unlabeled Data Streams Using Martingale

The martingale framework for detecting changes in data stream, currently only applicable to labeled data, is extended here to unlabeled data using clustering concept. The one-pass incremental changedetection algorithm (i) does not require a sliding window on the data stream, (ii) does not require monitoring the performance of the clustering algorithm as data points are streaming, and (iii) works well for high-dimensional data streams. To enhance the performance of the martingale change detection method, the multiple martingale test method using multiple views is proposed. Experimental results show (i) the feasibility of the martingale method for detecting changes in unlabeled data streams, and (ii) the multiple-martingale test method compares favorably with alternative methods using the recall and precision measures for the video-shot change detection problem.
Phenotypic Consequences In vivo and In vitro of Rearranging the P Gene of RABV HEP-Flury

Phosphoprotein (P) of the Rabies virus (RABV) is critically required for viral replication and pathogenicity. Here we manipulated infectious cDNA clones of the RABV HEP-Flury to translocate the P gene from its wild-type position 2 to 1, 3, or 4 in gene order, using an approach which left the viral nucleotide sequence unaltered. The recovered viruses were evaluated for the levels of gene expression, growth kinetics in cell culture, lethality in suckling mice and protection of mice. The results showed that viral replication was affected by the absolute value of N protein which was regulated by P protein. Viral lethality in suckling mice was consistent with the ratio of P mRNA in one complete transcription. The protection of mice induced by viruses was related to the antibody titer 5 weeks post-infection which might be regulated by G protein. However, the ability to induce cell apoptosis and viral spread were not only related to the viral replication but also to the ratio of related gene which affected by the gene position. These findings might not only improve the understanding of phenotype of RABV and P gene rearrangement, but also help rabies vaccine candidate construction.