Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The star formation main sequence and stellar mass assembly of galaxies in the Illustris simulation

Understanding the physical processes that drive star formation is a key challenge for galaxy formation models. In this paper, we study the tight correlation between the star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass of galaxies at a given redshift, how halo growth influences star formation, and star formation histories of individual galaxies. We study these topics using Illustris, a state-of-the-art cosmological hydrodynamical simulation of galaxy formation. Illustris reproduces the observed relation (the star formation main sequence, SFMS) between SFR and stellar mass at redshifts z = 0 and 4, but at intermediate redshifts of z ≃ 1–2, the simulated SFMS has a significantly lower normalization than reported by observations. The scatter in the relation is consistent with the observed scatter. However, the fraction of outliers above the SFR–stellar mass relation in Illustris is less than that observed. Galaxies with halo masses of ∼10^12 M_⊙ dominate the SFR density of the Universe, in agreement with the results of abundance matching. Furthermore, more-massive galaxies tend to form the bulk of their stars at high redshift, which indicates that ‘downsizing’ occurs in Illustris. We also studied the star formation histories of individual galaxies, including the use of a principal component analysis decomposition. We find that for fixed stellar mass, galaxies that form earlier have more-massive black holes at z = 0, indicating that star formation and black hole growth are tightly linked processes in Illustris. While many of the properties of normal star-forming galaxies are well reproduced in the Illustris simulation, forming a realistic population of starbursts will likely require higher resolution and probably a more sophisticated treatment of star formation and feedback from stars and black holes.
Handling Missing Data in a Tree Species Catalog Proposed for Reforesting Mexico City

In this paper we present an application of handling missing attribute values for some data about urban forest in Mexico City. The missing attribute values are about pollution tolerance of the trees, around 42% of our observations are incomplete. Classical methods are non applicable without introducing noise. Our proposal is to use successive steps of multiple correspondance analysis. The estimations values are validated with a clustering approach. The complete data can be used for a variety of future applications.
When There is No Place to Hide - Correlation Risk and the Cross-Section of Hedge Fund Returns

Using a novel data set on correlation swaps, we study the relation between correlation risk, hedge fund characteristics, and their risk-return profile. We find that the ability of hedge funds to create market-neutral returns is often associated with a significant exposure to correlation risk, which helps to explain the large abnormal returns found in previous models. We also estimate a significant negative market price of correlation risk, which accounts for the cross-section of hedge fund excess returns. Finally, we detect a pronounced nonlinear relation between correlation risk exposure and the tail risk of hedge fund returns.
Childhood Sexual Abuse and Later Alcohol-Related Problems: Investigating the Roles of Revictimization, PTSD, and Drinking Motivations Among College Women

The current study sought to examine whether symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), adolescent sexual assault (ASA), and drinking motivations (e.g., drinking to regulate emotional experiences) mediate the relationship between a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and subsequent alcohol-related problems among college women. Participants were 579 female students at a Midwestern university. Participants were recruited as part of a larger longitudinal study that investigated risk and resiliency factors related to sexual revictimization. Using a serial mediation model, the current study found that the proposed constructs mediated the relationship between CSA and subsequent alcohol-related problems via two separate paths. In one path, CSA was associated with PTSD, which in turn predicted drinking to regulate emotional experiences, which then was related to alcohol-related problems in adulthood. In the second path, CSA was related to ASA, which in turn predicted drinking to regulate emotional experiences, which then was related to alcohol-related problems in adulthood. These results suggest that individuals with a history of CSA are more likely to experience both revictimization in adolescence and PTSD symptoms in adulthood, which may lead to alcohol-related problems via drinking to regulate emotional experiences. These findings suggest the importance of incorporating skills training in adaptive emotion regulation strategies into treatment for individuals with a history of CSA and ASA.
Innovating and Exploiting Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Smart Cities: Evidence from Germany

Smart City initiatives are considered a vehicle for achieving sustainable development of urban growth. This paper explores the conditions and factors that affect innovation in Smart Cities from an entrepreneurial vantage point. Data was obtained through a series of interviews with German entrepreneurs active in Smart Cities. Beyond examining the importance of a set of factors that originate from the extant literature, our findings suggest that entrepreneurs believe that Smart City initiatives need a clear vision to drive their development and growth and that government has a key role to play in bringing the necessary resources and stakeholders together.
Protecting Against Untrusted Relays: An Information Self-encrypted Approach

The reliability and transmission distance are generally limited for the wireless communications due to the severe channel fading. As an effective way to resist the channel fading, cooperative relaying is usually adopted in wireless networks where neighbouring nodes act as relays to help the transmission between the source and the destination. Most research works simply regard these cooperative nodes trustworthy, which may be not practical in some cases especially when transmitting confidential information. In this paper, we consider the issue of untrusted relays in cooperative communications and propose an information self-encrypted approach to protect against these relays. Specifically, the original packets of the information are used to encrypt each other as the secret keys such that the information cannot be recovered before all of the encrypted packets have been received. The information is intercepted only when the relays obtain all of these encrypted packets. It is proved that the intercept probability is reduced to zero exponentially with the number of the original packets. However, the security performance is still not satisfactory for a large number of relays. Therefore, the combination of destination-based jamming is further adopted to confuse the relays, which makes the security performance acceptable even for a large number of relays. Finally, the simulation results are provided to confirm the theoretical analysis and the superiority of the proposed scheme.
Microsatellite loci for two East African tree species, Leptonychia usambarensis (Sterculiaceae) and Sorindeia madagascariensis (Anacardiaceae)

We isolated 20 trinucleotide microsatellites from two African tree species: Sorindeia madagascariensis (nine microsatellites) and Leptonychia usambarensis (11 microsatellites). Number of alleles ranged from three to seven in Sorindeia and two to 10 in Leptonychia. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.025 to 0.829 for Sorindeia and from 0.226 to 0.933 for Leptonychia. Two loci from each species departed from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These microsatellite markers will be used to study how forest fragmentation affects pollination and seed dispersal processes of these tree species.
A distributed incentive compatible pricing mechanism for P2P networks

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems are currently receiving considerable interest. However, as experience with P2P networks shows, the selfish behaviors of peers may lead to serious problems of P2P network, such as free-riding and white-washing. In order to solve these problems, there are increasing considerations on reputation system design in the study of P2P networks. Most of the existing works is concerning probabilistic estimation or social networks to evaluate the trustworthiness for a peer to others. However, these models can not be efficient all the time. In this paper, our aim is to provide a general mechanism that can maximize P2P networks social welfare in a way of Vickrey-Clarke-Groves family, while assuming every peer in P2P networks is rational and selfish, which means they only concern about their own outcome. This mechanism has some desirable properties using an O(n) algorithm: (1) incentive compatibility, every peer truly report its connection type; (2) individually rationality; and (3) fully decentralized, we design a multiple-principal multiple-agent model, concerning about the service provider and service requester individually.
An Expert System Approach to Medical Region Selection for a New Hospital Using Data Envelopment Analysis

An appropriate medical region must be selected before establishing a new hospital. Once established, a hospital may bring many medical doctors and facilities to the area. Not only can the distribution of medical resources in that area be influenced, but also competition among different hospitals can be enhanced. The government needs to consider the issue of medical resource distribution; therefore, medical region selection has important policy implications. This study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to establish the effective indicators, and also uses an expert system on the equality of medical resource distribution to identify medical areas lacking medical resources and where there is relatively less competition. As a result, this study can provide the necessary information to facilitate the choice of region for a new hospital. This method not only avoids assigning a hospital to a medical region where there are surplus resources, but it can also reduce the risk of excessive competition.
Amplification of oncogenes in human cancer cells

Gene amplification refers to a genomic change that results in an increased dosage of the gene(s) affected. Amplification represents one of the major molecular pathways through which the oncogenic potential of proto‐oncogenes is activated during tumorigenesis. The architecture of amplified genomic structures is simple in some tumor types, involving in the vast majority of cases only one gene, such as MYCN in neuroblastomas. On the other hand, it can be complex and discontinuous, involving several syntenic co‐amplified genes, such as in the 11q13 amplification in breast cancer, although in many of these cases there may be a single target gene. The presence of different nonsyntenic amplified genes raises the possibility that cells of certain tumors are susceptible to independent amplification events. In general, the amplified genes do not undergo additional damage by mutations. The data indicate that it is the enhanced level of a wild‐type protein that contributes to tumorigenesis. BioEssays 20:473–479, 1998. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Highs and Lows of the Minimum Wage Effect: A Time‐Series Cross‐Section Study of the Canadian Law

We examine the effects of minimum wage legislation in Canada over the period 1975–93. For teenagers we find that a 10% increase in the minimum wage is associated with roughly a 2.5% decrease in employment. We also find that this result is driven by low frequency variation in the data. At high frequencies the elasticity is positive and insignificant. The difference in the elasticity across the bandwidth has implications for the interpretation of employment dynamics as a result of minimum wage policy and experimental design in minimum wage studies. It also provides a simple reconciliation of the “new minimum wage research,” which reports very small negative, or positive, elasticities.
Earnings Management, Managerial Optimism, and IPO Valuation

We postulate that both managerial overoptimism and earnings management using accruals to boost accounting numbers effect on initial public offering (IPO) valuation. Referring to Purnandam and Swaminathan [2004], we gauge the IPO intrinsic values with respect to the offer price and the initial price. The portion that real offer (initial) price is above the intrinsic offer (initial) price is defined as offer premium (overreaction). Using 287 Taiwan's IPOs in sampling period 2004–2008, we find that most IPO firms were overpriced rather than underpriced. The offer premium is neither affected by earnings management nor managerial optimism, which is probably due to the greater scrutiny by the associated underwriters who are less gullible to managerial optimism or earnings management. In contrast, in initial market price valuation investors are cautious to take the face value of earnings management when IPO managers are perceived of moderate optimism. However, investors directly discipline overoptimistic managers with a lower initial valuation. Managerial overoptimism is the dominant factor in explaining long-run underperformance. We find that offer premium is positively associated with overreaction. Moreover, earnings management, albeit unrelated to overoptimism and offer premium, is positively related with initial overreaction and long-run underperformance.
The Carbon Footprint of Norwegian Seafood Products on the Global Seafood Market

Greenhouse gas emissions caused by food production are receiving increased attention worldwide. A problem with many studies is that they only consider one product; methodological differences also make it difficult to compare results across studies. Using a consistent methodology to ensure comparability, we quantified the carbon footprint of more than 20 Norwegian seafood products, including fresh and frozen, processed and unprocessed cod, haddock, saithe, herring, mackerel, farmed salmon, and farmed blue mussels. The previous finding that fuel use in fishing and feed production in aquaculture are key inputs was confirmed. Additional key aspects identified were refrigerants used on fishing vessels, product yield, and by‐product use. Results also include that product form (fresh or frozen) only matters when freezing makes slower transportation possible. Processing before export was favorable due to the greater potential to use by‐products and the reduced need for transportation. The most efficient seafood product was herring shipped frozen in bulk to Moscow at 0.7 kilograms CO2 equivalents per kilogram (kg CO2‐eq/kg) edible product. At the other end we found fresh gutted salmon airfreighted to Tokyo at 14 kg CO2‐eq/kg edible product. This wide range points to major differences between seafood products and room for considerable improvement within supply chains and in product choices. In fisheries, we found considerable variability between fishing methods used to land the same species, which indicates the importance of fisheries management favoring the most resource‐efficient ways of fishing. Both production and consumption patterns matter, and a range of improvements could benefit the carbon performance of Norwegian seafood products.
Multiple-Bounded Uncertainty Choice Data as Probabilistic Intentions

The multiple-bounded uncertainty choice (MBUC) value elicitation method allows respondents to indicate qualitative levels of uncertainty, as opposed to a simple yes or no, across a range of prices. We argue that MBUC responses convey subjective probabilities. We examine the decision process of the researcher faced with estimating population parameters from MBUC sample responses. We develop her optimal decision rule based on a specified loss function. The resulting estimator accommodates uncertainty on the part of the respondent and the researcher. We illustrate the proposed estimation method using MBUC responses from the first field application of this elicitation format. The resulting framework produces stable estimates and nests alternative methods of modeling MBUC responses. (JEL Q26)
Criteria Used by Venture Capitalists: A Cross Cultural Analysis

DR. RUSSELL M. KNIGHT IS WITH THE University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. This paper describes a cross-cultural survey of international venture capitalists to investigate the criteria they use to evaluate venture proposals. The data were taken from a United States survey of venture capital firms and the results are compared and contrasted with the original US responses. The study was done in Canada, Europe and Asia Pacific region and the responses are compared with study differences and similarities between responses from various regions. The similarities are apparent, such as the difference in emphasis on high technology around the world. High technology investments are not nearly as popular with venture capitalists in other parts of the world as in the US and high technology is even viewed as a negative criterion in many countries.
Overcoming coil misalignment using magnetic fields of induced currents in wireless power transmission

Coil Misalignment in wireless power transfer links that use inductive coupling has limited the wireless power transfer efficiency considerably. Motion artifacts leading to coil misalignments also results in intermittent power outage at the receiving coil. In this paper, we address these issues using the concept of flux sharing between three coils. By using magnetic fields of induced currents in an intermediate coil, the flux linkage between a traditional two coil inductive power links can be improved. We present the analysis of inductive power links with intermediate coils and compare their improved performance with the conventional wireless power links. The mitigation of detrimental effects of motion artifacts is also discussed. All the theoretical results augur well with the measured results.
Seasonal Fractional Integration in the Spanish Tourism Quarterly Time Series

Seasonal fractional models are shown in this article to be alternative credible ways of modeling the seasonal component in the Spanish tourism time series. The authors use a testing procedure, due to Robinson, that permits them to consider unit and fractional orders of integration in raw time series. This method is applied to the number of foreigners and the number of foreign guest nights in Spain, the results showing that the orders of integration in both series are higher than 0 but smaller than 1, implying seasonal long memory behavior.
District Magnitude and Home Styles of Representation in European Democracies

How political representatives interact with constituents is contingent on the conditions under which they compete for re-election. It has been the assumption that intra-party competition shapes legislators’ incentive to cultivate a personal reputation and thereby the incentive to engage in any constituency-oriented action that reputation may be built on. Using data from the PARTIREP cross-national survey among regional and national legislators in 12 European democracies, the assumption is proven to be inaccurate: focusing on more than one action at a time, it becomes clear that district magnitude increases the time representatives spend on some constituency-oriented actions and decreases the time they spend on others (even when the electoral incentive to nurture a personal reputation is strong). The article demonstrates that representatives’ choice to engage in four constituency-oriented actions is related to the nature of these home styles and their electoral utility in a given context.
Protection by Atorvastatin Pretreatment in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Is Associated With the Lower Levels Of Oxygen Free Radicals

Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of atorvastatin pretreatment on the oxygen free radicals and its protective role on the myocardial cell during the ischemic reperfusion injury. Methods: One hundred fifty-six patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions, aged from 29 to 85 years, were selected. Eighty patients were randomly assigned to placebo group and 76 to statin treatment (80-mg loading dose given a mean of 1.5 hours before percutaneous coronary intervention). The nitrogen monoxidum, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assayed before and after reperfusion. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade and corrected TIMI frame count were measured after reperfusion. The creatine kinase-MB and troponin T peak levels after myocardial infarction were recorded. Results: There was no significant difference in the nitrogen monoxidum, malondialdehyde, and SOD levels (P > 0.05) between the 2 groups before intervention. After the reperfusion, significantly lower creatine kinase-MB (289.9 ± 180.8 U/L vs. 360.5 ± 206.4 U/L, P = 0.025) and troponin T (4.60 ± 3.13 ng/mL vs. 6.01 ± 4.98 ng/mL, P = 0.035) peak levels can be observed in the statin versus the placebo group, and the SOD level of the statin group is higher than that of the placebo group (34.14 ± 15.07 U/mL vs. 29.06 ± 12.76 U/mL, P = 0.024). Conclusions: Atorvastatin can reduce oxygen free radicals developed in reperfusion, imposing protective effect on the myocardial cell during ischemic reperfusion injury.
Asymmetric real exchange rate pass-through and poverty in China: evidence from a nonlinear model

This article provides evidence on asymmetric real exchange rate pass-through to poverty for the Chinese economy by using the nonlinear auto-regressive distributed lag model spanning the period 1981–2012. The results corroborate the asymmetric pass-through predictions, with depreciations having a stronger impact on poverty. They also survive an alternative measure of poverty.
Capital mobility and foreign debt sustainabilty: some evidence from Turkey

This paper address the extent of capital mobility and foreign debt sustainability in Turkey over the 1962–2003 period by examining the relationship between saving and investment, and imports and exports, respectively. The empirical investment is based on cointegration, error correction models, and threshold and momentum threshold autoregressive models. Our findings are consistent with the existence of capital mobility and the ‘Strong’ form of foreign debt sustainability.
Functional Analysis of Burkholderia cepacia Genes bceD and bceF, Encoding a Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase and a Tyrosine Autokinase, Respectively: Role in Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis and Biofilm Formation

ABSTRACT The biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) cepacian by Burkholderia cepacia complex strains requires the 16.2-kb bce cluster of genes. Two of the clustered genes, bceD and bceF, code for two proteins homologous to phosphotyrosine phosphatases and tyrosine kinases, respectively. We show experimental evidence indicating that BceF is phosphorylated on tyrosine and that the conserved lysine residue present at position 563 in the Walker A ATP-binding motif is required for this autophosphorylation. It was also proved that BceD is capable of dephosphorylating the phosphorylated BceF. Using the artificial substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP), BceD exhibited a Vmax of 8.8 μmol of PNPP min−1 mg−1 and a Km of 3.7 mM PNPP at 30°C. The disruption of bceF resulted in the abolishment of cepacian accumulation in the culture medium, but 75% of the parental strain's EPS production yield was still registered for the bceD mutant. The exopolysaccharide produced by the bceD mutant led to less viscous solutions and exhibited the same degree of acetylation as the wild-type cepacian, suggesting a lower molecular mass for this mutant biopolymer. The size of the biofilm produced in vitro by bceD and bceF mutant strains is smaller than the size of the biofilm formed by the parental strain, and this phenotype was confirmed by complementation assays, indicating that BceD and BceF play a role in the establishment of biofilms of maximal size.