Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The tao of parallelism in algorithms

For more than thirty years, the parallel programming community has used the dependence graph as the main abstraction for reasoning about and exploiting parallelism in "regular" algorithms that use dense arrays, such as finite-differences and FFTs. In this paper, we argue that the dependence graph is not a suitable abstraction for algorithms in new application areas like machine learning and network analysis in which the key data structures are "irregular" data structures like graphs, trees, and sets. To address the need for better abstractions, we introduce a data-centric formulation of algorithms called the operator formulation in which an algorithm is expressed in terms of its action on data structures. This formulation is the basis for a structural analysis of algorithms that we call tao-analysis. Tao-analysis can be viewed as an abstraction of algorithms that distills out algorithmic properties important for parallelization. It reveals that a generalized form of data-parallelism called amorphous data-parallelism is ubiquitous in algorithms, and that, depending on the tao-structure of the algorithm, this parallelism may be exploited by compile-time, inspector-executor or optimistic parallelization, thereby unifying these seemingly unrelated parallelization techniques. Regular algorithms emerge as a special case of irregular algorithms, and many application-specific optimization techniques can be generalized to a broader context. These results suggest that the operator formulation and tao-analysis of algorithms can be the foundation of a systematic approach to parallel programming.
Self-Reported Mental Health-Related Quality of Life and Mortality in Men and Women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk): A Prospective Population Study

Objective: To explore the relationship between self-reported mental functional health and mortality. Methods: Participants included 17,777 men and women aged 40 to 79 years at baseline who lived in Norfolk, UK, and had no known cardiovascular disease or cancer, and completed the anglicized Short Form 36-item questionnaire (UK SF-36) during 1996 to 2000 in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk prospective population study. We examined the relationship between mental functional health derived from the mental component summary scores of the SF-36 and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other causes during an average 6.5-year follow-up. Results: There were 1065 deaths during a total of 115,550 person-years of follow-up. Impaired mental health-related quality of life was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in men and women. A decrease of 1 SD (10 points) in SF-36 mental component summary scores was associated with a 14% increase in all-cause mortality (hazards ratio = 1.14; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.07, 1.21) after controlling for age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, alcohol consumption, diabetes, smoking, social class, and physical functional health. Conclusion: Poor self-reported mental functional health is related to increased risk of all-cause mortality in men and women. Interpretation of this association requires further investigation. UK SF-36 = Anglicized version of short form 36-item questionnaire; HRQL = health-related quality of life; MCS = mental component summary; EPIC-Norfolk = European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk; BMI = body mass index; HLEQ = Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire; HR = hazards ratio; ICD-9 = Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases; ICD-10 = Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases; PCS = Physical Component Summary.
Analysis of patients with erythrocytosis in a single center : comparison between polycythemia vera and non-polycythemia vera

We analyzed the clinical features and complications of patients with erythrocytosis, to find differences according to subtypes. The data of patients with erythrocytosis, who were diagnosed at Hallym Medical Center between January 2007 and March 2014, were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 89 erythrocytosis patients, 38 with polycythemia vera (PV) and 51 with non-PV, were enrolled. There were significant differences between the groups in terms of disease prevalence, age, sex, smoking history, body mass index, cell counts, LAP score, erythropoietin, and total cholesterol. Among 38 patients who were diagnosed as PV, both bone marrow examinations and JAK2 mutation analysis were performed in 32 patients. The remaining PV patients were evaluated with a genetic analysis only (n=3) or marrow examinations only (n=3). Treatments for erythrocytosis were chosen in the following order: phlebotomy, hydroxyurea, anti-platelet agents, and anti-coagulants. The erythrocytosis was less controlled in non-PV patients, despite the absence of a significant difference in complications between the 2 groups. In conclusion, a thorough clinical and laboratory work-up is essential for diagnosing erythrocytosis and for the selection of appropriate further exams and treatment option.
Corpus Callosum and Word Reading in Adult Survivors of Childhood Posterior Fossa Tumors

Adult survivors of childhood posterior fossa tumors can experience reading difficulties related to white matter integrity. Previously, reading was shown to be related to cortical white matter tracts, however information transfer across the corpus callosum (CC) may also play a role in reading. The current study used both macroand microstructural measures of the WM structure of the corpus callosum. The current study examined how white matter volume and fractional anisotropy (FA) in five divisions of the CC was related to degree of neurological risk and reading skill, and tested two mediation models predicting reading. Participants included 20 adult survivors of childhood posterior fossa tumor and 23 healthy controls. Volume and FA were measured in five divisions of the mid-sagittal corpus callosum. Total intracranial vault was used as a covariate in volume analyses. FA was reduced in CC1 and volume was reduced in each subregion in survivors. Volume but not FA was related to degree of neurological risk. Results identified that reduced volume in CC1 and CC5, and FA in CC5 appear to be specifically related to reading skill in line with the cortical reading regions that connect in these subregions of the CC. Mediation models indicate that processing speed is the mechanism by which volume is related to reading skill. These findings have implications for addressing processing speed in reading interventions in survivors and provide insight into the interhemispheric connections in the reading network. INDEX WORDS: Pediatric, Brain tumor, White matter, DTI, Volume, Processing speed CORPUS CALLOSUM AND WORD READING IN ADULT SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD POSTERIOR FOSSA TUMORS
An exploratory case study of fathers who massaged their infants

ABSTRACT In the past, the majority of infant caregiving has been done by mothers or other female care-givers (Bailey, 1994; Hossain, Field, Pickens, Malphurs, & Del Valle, 1997). Yet, most fathers (91%) were involved with the mother at the time of the babies' birth (Gottman, Gottman & Shapiro, 2010). Fathers who had "close physical contact" interacted more with their infants (Park & Swain, 1977). In addition, fathers who saw infant caregiving activities demonstrated mirrored these behaviors with their own infants (Parke, Hymel, Power, & Tinsely, 1980; Harrison et al., 1996). Fathers who were present and active in the lives of their children provided support contributing to the emotional development of their children by being emotionally and physically available and engaged (Parke, 1996; Parke & Brott, 1999). Infant massage increased parental competency, frequency, and quality of caregiving activities by fathers with their infants (Cullen et al., 2000; Scholz & Samuels, 1992). This study aimed to explore the experiences, attitudes, and perspectives of fathers massaging their infants. Five fathers and five infants participated in an exploratory pilot case study to determine what, if any, perceived benefits existed or accrued for fathers who massaged their infants. In this three week study fathers provided infant massage to their infants every night before bedtime and recorded their activities in diaries. Initial and final interviews and videorecordings captured the fathers massaging their infants, their attitudes and perceptions of their experiences. This data was analyzed using Atlas.ti and qualitative process coding. The findings were that father's enjoyed massaging their infants and believed that their infants enjoyed being massaged. Fathers reported: they desired opportunities to spend time with their infants; feelings of contributing to their infants' comfort; competence and confidence in their interactions with their infants; and provided the mothers temporary relief from their child care activities. Additionally, the data demonstrated the attachment constructs of awareness, emotional expression, engagement cues, motivation, relationship, sensitivity supporting attachment theory as an appropriate theoretical framework to study the father child dyad. %%%%A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Family and Child Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. %%%%Fall Semester, 2013. %%%%September 16, 2013. %%%%Atlas.ti, Attachment theory, Father, Fathering, Infant Massage, Qualitative%%%%Marsha Rehm, Professor Directing Dissertation; Mary Frances Hanline, University Representative; Wayne Denton, Committee Member; Ming Cui, Committee Member.
Structure and style in use cases for user interface design

Although widely employed in both object-oriented software engineering and user interface design, use cases are not well-defined. Relatively little attention has been paid to the various styles for writing the narratives that define use cases and their consequences for user interface design and software usability. Common narrative styles are presented with examples and discussions of their relative advantages and disadvantages. Essential use cases, a variant employed within usage -centered design, are contrasted with conventional use cases and scenarios. For the most efficient support of user interface design and particularly for large, complex projects, a highly -structured form of use case has evolved. New narrative elements and relationships among use cases are introduced. These include means for expressing partial or flexible ordering of interaction, relationships with business rules, as well as a clarification of the often misunderstood concept of extension that recognizes two distinct forms: synchronous and asynchronous extensions.
The Effects of Home Country, Gender, and Position on Listening Behaviors

Regardless of national culture, often listening is mentioned as an important component for effective business operations. In addition, understanding how individuals of different national cultures perceive and process listening is fundamental to our global world of work. The present study used Glenn and Pood (1989) Listening Self-Inventory to examine the distracted and attentive listening behaviors of male and female managers and non-managers who worked full time in the countries of India, Malaysia, and the United States of America (USA). Findings in this study suggest USA females and males, in general, are less likely to be attentive listeners than the Indian and Malaysian respondents are. USA and Malaysian managers are less prone to be attentive listeners than non-managers while Indian managers are more likely to be attentive listeners. Regarding distracted listening behaviors, males are more prone to engage in distracted listening than females while managers are less likely to engage in distracted listening than non-managers. USA managers are more distracted in their listening than non-managers while Indian and Malaysian managers are less distracted listeners than the non-managers are. This study indicates differing national cultures, organizational position and gender can affect listening in the workplace.
Are all species necessary to reveal ecologically important patterns?

While studying ecological patterns at large scales, ecologists are often unable to identify all collections, forcing them to either omit these unidentified records entirely, without knowing the effect of this, or pursue very costly and time-consuming efforts for identifying them. These “indets” may be of critical importance, but as yet, their impact on the reliability of ecological analyses is poorly known. We investigated the consequence of omitting the unidentified records and provide an explanation for the results. We used three large-scale independent datasets, (Guyana/ Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador) each consisting of records having been identified to a valid species name (identified morpho-species – IMS) and a number of unidentified records (unidentified morpho-species – UMS). A subset was created for each dataset containing only the IMS, which was compared with the complete dataset containing all morpho-species (AMS: = IMS + UMS) for the following analyses: species diversity (Fisher's alpha), similarity of species composition, Mantel test and ordination (NMDS). In addition, we also simulated an even larger number of unidentified records for all three datasets and analyzed the agreement between similarities again with these simulated datasets. For all analyses, results were extremely similar when using the complete datasets or the truncated subsets. IMS predicted ≥91% of the variation in AMS in all tests/analyses. Even when simulating a larger fraction of UMS, IMS predicted the results for AMS rather well. Using only IMS also out-performed using higher taxon data (genus-level identification) for similarity analyses. Finding a high congruence for all analyses when using IMS rather than AMS suggests that patterns of similarity and composition are very robust. In other words, having a large number of unidentified species in a dataset may not affect our conclusions as much as is often thought.
Short PCPs with Polylog Query Complexity

We give constructions of probabilistically checkable proofs (PCPs) of length $n \cdot polylog n$ proving satisfiability of circuits of size $n$ that can be verified by querying $polylog n$ bits of the proof. We also give analogous constructions of locally testable codes (LTCs) mapping $n$ information bits to $n\cdot polylog n$ bit long codewords that are testable with $polylog n$ queries. Our constructions rely on new techniques revolving around properties of codes based on relatively high-degree polynomials in one variable, i.e., Reed-Solomon codes. In contrast, previous constructions of short PCPs, beginning with [L. Babai, L. Fortnow, L. Levin, and M. Szegedy, Checking computations in polylogarithmic time, in Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM, New York, 1991, pp. 21-31] and until the recent [E. Ben-Sasson, O. Goldreich, P. Harsha, M. Sudan, and S. Vadhan, Robust PCPs of proximity, shorter PCPs, and applications to coding, in Proceedings of the 36th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM, New York, 2004, pp. 13-15], relied extensively on properties of low-degree polynomials in many variables. We show how to convert the problem of verifying the satisfaction of a circuit by a given assignment to the task of verifying that a given function is close to being a Reed-Solomon codeword, i.e., a univariate polynomial of specified degree. This reduction also gives an alternative to using the “sumcheck protocol” [C. Lund, L. Fortnow, H. Karloff, and N. Nisan, J. ACM, 39 (1992), pp. 859-868]. We then give a new PCP for the special task of proving that a function is close to being a Reed-Solomon codeword. The resulting PCPs are not only shorter than previous ones but also arguably simpler. In fact, our constructions are also more natural in that they yield locally testable codes first, which are then converted to PCPs. In contrast, most recent constructions go in the opposite direction of getting locally testable codes from PCPs.
Joint base station selection and beamforming in uplink SIMO networks with per-user power constraints

Consider an uplink SIMO network consisting of multiple base stations (BSs) and multiple users, where each user has an individual transmit power constraint, and the BSs are allowed to cooperate in data receiving. To guarantee fairness among users and avoid heavy burden of backhaul data exchange, we maximize the minimum S-INR based on joint BS selection and beamforming. We formulate this problem from the perspective of sparse beamforming. However, the scaling ambiguity of the receive beamformers will make the sparse constraints trivial. Inspired by the observation that the transmit beamformer is immune to the scaling ambiguity, we apply the duality theorem to the uplink max-min problem under per-user power constraints, and reformulate it as an equivalent downlink problem. An iterative two-stage algorithm is then developed to solve the sparse beamforming problem efficiently. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by numerical simulations.
Challenging workplace bullying: the role of social work leadership integrity

ABSTRACT This research paper explores ethical and moral outrage provoked by the phenomenon of workplace bullying in social work agencies. Its aim is to identify formal and organic actions, motivated by leadership integrity, designed to implement organisational social justice. The paper presents two case studies which illustrate contrasting approaches to the phenomenon. The first depicts management collusion with intimidatory behaviour in which the burden of evidence was placed on the victim even while still interacting with the perpetrator. In the second, a self-efficacious team leader proactively confronted bullying by asking questions. Failure of leadership to address bullying is evaluated in the context of the International Federation of Social Work's recognition of management in 2004 as 1 of 13 core purposes of the profession [Sewpaul, Vishanthie, and David Jones. 2005. “Global Standards for the Education and Training of the Social Work Profession. ” International Journal of Social Welfare 14 (3): 218–230]. The 12 remaining purposes express social work's commitment to social justice as the profession's defining value [Ife, Jim. 2010. “Human Rights and Social Justice. ” In Ethics and Value Perspectives in Social Work, edited by M. Gray and S. A. Webb, Chap. 13, 148–159. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan]. This paper argues that the prime function of social work leadership is to implement organisational social justice, and concludes that socially just leadership is eminently practicable.
A Latent‐Class Mixture Model for Incomplete Longitudinal Gaussian Data

Summary In the analyses of incomplete longitudinal clinical trial data, there has been a shift, away from simple methods that are valid only if the data are missing completely at random, to more principled ignorable analyses, which are valid under the less restrictive missing at random assumption. The availability of the necessary standard statistical software nowadays allows for such analyses in practice. While the possibility of data missing not at random (MNAR) cannot be ruled out, it is argued that analyses valid under MNAR are not well suited for the primary analysis in clinical trials. Rather than either forgetting about or blindly shifting to an MNAR framework, the optimal place for MNAR analyses is within a sensitivity‐analysis context. One such route for sensitivity analysis is to consider, next to selection models, pattern‐mixture models or shared‐parameter models. The latter can also be extended to a latent‐class mixture model, the approach taken in this article. The performance of the so‐obtained flexible model is assessed through simulations and the model is applied to data from a depression trial.
A Hypertext System for Integrating Heterogeneous, Autonomous Software Repositories

Hypertext is a simple concept for or ganizing information into a graph structure of linked container objects This paper ex amines issues involved in applying hyper text concepts to the integration of hetero geneous autonomous software repositories and presents a solution called the Distributed Hypertext System DHT Based on a hy pertext data model and client server archi tecture DHT features powerful modeling ca pabilities integration of heterogeneous pre existing repositories update with concur rency control and full local autonomy
The Formation and Evolution of Faultlines in Large-Scale, Multi-Party Information Systems Development

Abstract Information systems development (ISD) projects are becoming more complex, larger in scale and scope, more distributed, and span a more diverse user base crossing multiple organizational boundaries. Findings from prior ISD research may not generalize well to this setting. Our research-in-progress addresses this gap by examining the participation of diverse stakeholders in a large-scale, multi-party government-academic-industrial ISD project over a four-year timeframe. We apply the theoretical lens of faultlines to understand how the participants work together during the project. Faultlines are hypothetical attributes (such as gender or expertise) that divide groups, and can cause conflict. Using network analysis we identify faultlines between the participants in the ISD project, and examine the faultlines over the course of the project. Our findings suggest the strong presence of faultlines early in the project; however, at least for the core group of participants, the faultlines dissipate over time as the group becomes more inclusive.
The Origins of Random Telegraph Noise in Highly Scaled SiON nMOSFETs

Random telegraph noise (RTN) has recently become an important issue in advanced circuit performance. It has also recently been used as a tool for gate dielectric defect profiling. In this work, we show that the widely accepted model thought to govern RTN behavior cannot be used to describe our experimental observations. The basis of this model (charge exchange between inversion layer and bulk oxide defects via tunneling) is inconsistent with our RTN observations on advanced SiON nMOSFETs with 1.4 nm physical gate oxide thickness. Alternatively, we show that RTN is qualitatively consistent with the capture and emission of inversion charge by interface states. Our results suggest that a large body of the low-frequency noise literature very likely needs to be re-interpreted.
A fictitious reference iterative tuning (FRIT) in the two-degree of freedom control scheme and its a

Abstract This paper provides a new and powerful tuning method of controllers in the two-degree of freedom control scheme in the sense of that we require only one-shot experimental data of the closed loop. The key concept of our method is to use the fictitious reference (From this reason, we refer to our method as fictitious reference iterative tuning (FRIT)). Moreover, by using this tuning method, we also provide a new and powerful identification method in the sense of that we require only one-shot closed experimental data. Finally, we give an experimental result in order to show the validity of the proposed method in this paper.