Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two populations of cytoplasmic dynein contribute to spindle positioning in C. elegans embryos

The position of the mitotic spindle is tightly controlled in animal cells as it determines the plane and orientation of cell division. Contacts between cytoplasmic dynein and astral microtubules (MTs) at the cell cortex generate pulling forces that position the spindle. An evolutionarily conserved G&agr;-GPR-1/2Pins/LGN–LIN-5Mud/NuMA cortical complex interacts with dynein and is required for pulling force generation, but the dynamics of this process remain unclear. In this study, by fluorescently labeling endogenous proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, we show that dynein exists in two distinct cortical populations. One population directly depends on LIN-5, whereas the other is concentrated at MT plus ends and depends on end-binding (EB) proteins. Knockout mutants lacking all EBs are viable and fertile and display normal pulling forces and spindle positioning. However, EB protein–dependent dynein plus end tracking was found to contribute to force generation in embryos with a partially perturbed dynein function, indicating the existence of two mechanisms that together create a highly robust force-generating system.
Implementing views for light-weight Web ontologies

The Semantic Web aims at easy integration and usage of content by building on a semi-structured data model where data semantics are explicitly specified through ontologies. The use of ontologies in real-world applications such as community portals has shown that a new level of data independence is required for ontology-based applications. For example, the customization of information towards the needs of specific user communities is often needed. This paper extends previous work (2003) on this issue and presents a view language for the fundamental data models of the Semantic Web, viz. RDF and RDFS, and how it can be implemented. The basic novelty of the view language is the semantically appropriate classification of views into inheritance taxonomies based on query semantics. Additionally, the underlying distinction between unary predicates (classes) and binary predicates (properties) taken in RDF/S is maintained in the view language. So-called external ontologies allow the integration of multiple source databases, offer control over the publishing of data and enable the generation of views spanning across databases.
Autocatalytic maturation, physical/chemical properties, and crystal structure of group N HIV‐1 protease: Relevance to drug resistance

The mature protease from Group N human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV‐1) (PR1N) differs in 20 amino acids from the extensively studied Group M protease (PR1M) at positions corresponding to minor drug‐resistance mutations (DRMs). The first crystal structure (1.09 Å resolution) of PR1N with the clinical inhibitor darunavir (DRV) reveals the same overall structure as PR1M, but with a slightly larger inhibitor‐binding cavity. Changes in the 10s loop and the flap hinge propagate to shift one flap away from the inhibitor, whereas L89F and substitutions in the 60s loop perturb inhibitor‐binding residues 29–32. However, kinetic parameters of PR1N closely resemble those of PR1M, and calorimetric results are consistent with similar binding affinities for DRV and two other clinical PIs, suggesting that minor DRMs coevolve to compensate for the detrimental effects of drug‐specific major DRMs. A miniprecursor (TFR 1–61 ‐PR1N) comprising the transframe region (TFR) fused to the N‐terminus of PR1N undergoes autocatalytic cleavage at the TFR/PR1N site concomitant with the appearance of catalytic activity characteristic of the dimeric, mature enzyme. This cleavage is inhibited at an equimolar ratio of precursor to DRV (∼6 μM), which partially stabilizes the precursor dimer from a monomer. However, cleavage at L34/W35 within the TFR, which precedes the TFR 1–61 /PR1N cleavage at pH ≤ 5, is only partially inhibited. Favorable properties of PR1N relative to PR1M include its suitability for column fractionation by size under native conditions and >10‐fold higher dimer dissociation constant (150 nM). Exploiting these properties may facilitate testing of potential dimerization inhibitors that perturb early precursor processing steps.
Parameter Estimation of Photovoltaic Models via Cuckoo Search

Since conventional methods are incapable of estimating the parameters of Photovoltaic (PV) models with high accuracy, bioinspired algorithms have attracted significant attention in the last decade. Cuckoo Search (CS) is invented based on the inspiration of brood parasitic behavior of some cuckoo species in combination with the Levy flight behavior. In this paper, a CS-based parameter estimation method is proposed to extract the parameters of single-diode models for commercial PV generators. Simulation results and experimental data show that the CS algorithm is capable of obtaining all the parameters with extremely high accuracy, depicted by a low Root-Mean-Squared-Error (RMSE) value. The proposed method outperforms other algorithms applied in this study.
Hyperextended Cosmological Perturbation Theory: Predicting Nonlinear Clustering Amplitudes

We consider the long-standing problem of predicting the hierarchical clustering amplitudes Sp in the strongly nonlinear regime of gravitational evolution. N-body results for the nonlinear evolution of the bispectrum (the Fourier transform of the three-point density correlation function) suggest a physically motivated Ansatz that yields the strongly nonlinear behavior of the skewness, S3, starting from leading-order perturbation theory. When generalized to higher order (p > 3) polyspectra or correlation functions, this Ansatz leads to a good description of nonlinear amplitudes in the strongly nonlinear regime for both scale-free and cold dark matter models. Furthermore, these results allow us to provide a general fitting formula for the nonlinear evolution of the bispectrum that interpolates between the weakly and strongly nonlinear regimes, analogous to previous expressions for the power spectrum.
Max-margin metric learning for speaker recognition

Probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) is a popular normalization approach for the i-vector model, and has delivered state-of-the-art performance in speaker recognition. A potential problem of the PLDA model, however, is that it essentially assumes Gaussian distributions over speaker vectors, which is not always true in practice. Additionally, the objective function is not directly related to the goal of the task, e.g., discriminating true speakers and imposters. In this paper, we propose a max-margin metric learning approach to solve the problems. It learns a linear transform with a criterion that the margin between target and imposter trials are maximized. Experiments conducted on the SRE08 core test show that compared to PLDA, the new approach can obtain comparable or even better performance, though the scoring is simply a cosine computation.
THE OCCURRENCE DURING ACUTE INFECTIONS OF A PROTEIN NOT NORMALLY PRESENT IN THE BLOOD

A method is described for obtaining crystalline C-reactive protein from serous fluids in which the protein is associated with lipid. Most pathological fluids currently available as a source of this protein appear to fall in this category. Crystalline C-reactive protein has its isoelectric point at pH 4.82 as determined by free electrophoresis in McIlvaine's buffer. Its mobility in the electrophoresis cell, both alone and after addition to normal serum, coincides with that of the β-globulin fraction of the serum. In contrast to this finding, by the method of zone electrophoresis on a starch supporting medium the protein migrates with the γ1-globulin. The significance of this discrepancy is discussed. Studies in the ultracentrifuge indicate an s 20,w of 7.5.
Parent-of-origin effects of FAS and PDLIM1 in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that there may be a parent-of-origin effect for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) candidate genes. The objective of the present study was to investigate parent-of-origin effects using a genome-wide association analysis of the International Multicentre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study sample. METHODS Family-based association analysis for ADHD using 846 ADHD probands and their parents was performed using the PLINK program, and parent-of-origin effects were studied using a Z score for the difference in paternal versus maternal odds ratios. RESULTS We identified 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing parent-of-origin effects at a significance level of p < 0.001. The most significant SNP, rs7614907, is at position 3q13.33 in the CDGAP gene (p = 0.000064 for parent-of-origin effect). Furthermore, 2 genes (FAS and PDLIM1) showed moderate parent-of-origin effects (p = 0.00086 for rs9658691 and p = 0.00077 for rs11188249) and strong maternal transmission (p = 0.000059 for rs9658691 and p = 0.0000068 for rs11188249). In addition, ZNF775 showed a moderate parent-of-origin effect (p = 0.00036 for rs7790549) and strong paternal transmission (p = 0.000041 for rs7790549). LIMITATIONS We only had 1 sample available for analysis. CONCLUSION These results suggest several genes or regions with moderate parent-of-origin effects, and these findings will serve as a resource for replication in other populations to elucidate the potential role of these genetic variants in ADHD.
Personalized Recommender Systems in e-Commerce and m-Commerce: A Comparative Study

It is apparent that m-commerce and e-commerce have various similarities from operational and services perspectives. However, at the same time, m-commerce has its own a unique technology driven business opportunities with its own unique characteristics, functions, opportunities and challenges. One successful application in e-commerce is personalized recommendations services as results of recommender systems. Personalized recommender systems are emerging in m-commerce. This paper compares and contrasts ecommerce and m-commerce personalized recommender systems in B2C with the objective of finding what additional requirements are needed to adapt the models, methods and techniques developed and advanced in e-commerce for m-commerce. Various similarities and differences are identified and discussed along the dimensions user model, product and service model, recommender engine/algorithms, user interface (I/O and interaction), and confidence and uncertainty model, that make up a personalized recommender system. The two most prominent e-commerce and m-commerce personalized recommender systems of Amazon and MovieLens are discussed. The uncertainty and confidence measures in e-commerce and m-commerce personalized recommender systems are discussed further along with their potential for creating accurate mental model of the recommender system and its processes for the customers. Furthermore, the results from related research using fuzzy set and possibility theory for handling uncertainty in e-commerce showed a great potential for m-commerce. Two of the reasons for this potential are its high recommendation accuracy with a few numbers of recommendations; and its low latency.
Network Health and e-Science in Public Clouds

Commercial cloud providers are increasingly offering high performance and GPU-enabled resources capable of facilitating e-Science applications. However, the limitations of a public cloud's internal network performance are well documented and can lead to the decision to use dedicated infrastructure over cloud resources for scientific applications. This paper explores the potential for improvement in the performance of e-Science applications on public clouds through the examination of the network in more detail. We introduce health indicators and evaluate various tomographic techniques for their ability to infer information regarding the network connection between instances. We also propose and formulate a set of health markers and health metrics to efficiently assess the network over time in order to make informed deployment decisions. Finally, we evaluate our work through a real-world medical image reconstruction application.
Assessing the use of twin screw wet granulation in a multi stage manufacturing process for the continuous production of pharmaceutical products

James Holman Page 3 of 228 Abstract Traditionally pharmaceutical manufacture is conducted on a batch basis but significant resources are being invested into the use of intensified continuous processes. This dissertation evaluates the use of a combined twin screw and segmented fluid bed drying process to produce granules on a continuous basis. The experimental program was conducted using structured Design of Experiments in three stages.  Wet granulation only: Investigated the initial relationships between liquid/solid ratio and power required for wet granulation, as well as granule structure using SEM imaging.  Wet granulation and fluid bed drying: Concluded that the biggest control over the measured mean granule size (d50) produced from the combined system was still the ratio of water to dry powder in the wet granulation.  Wet granulation through to compression: The effects of changes in the granulation process were not statically relevant on the final tablet for the process set up. The study also used PEPT data to assess motion within the TSG. The studies showed:  The time spent in the kneading zone directly after the liquid addition in relation to the overall time spent in the granulation process appears independent of the process set up at 32% ± 2%.  As the barrel speed of the granulator increases the relative time spent in the final ‘breakage zone’ of the TSG increases, therefore increasing breakage. Using the findings from the literature, the results of the experimental program were used to define the mechanisms occurring within the TSG. The experimental findings were input into a model to predict the outcome of collisions between particles. The model predicts agglomeration of the smaller particles to the larger ones and by calculating changes in the viscosity of the binder the subsequent secondary agglomeration of these granules can also be shown using this model. The model is limited due to assumptions in deriving it. The model excludes capillary forces that if given sufficient time to form could have the same order of magnitude strength as other forces. Abstract University of SurreyUniversity of Surrey James Holman Page 4 of 228 Acknowledgements I would like to give special thanks to: Dr Frank Roche, GSK (Project Sponsor). Dr Jamie Cleaver, University of Surrey. Prof Rex Thorpe, University of Surrey. Dr Dave Seaward, 3 P Innovation. Mr Trevor Page, GEA Pharma systems. Mrs Dee Dee Holman. Mr and Mrs. W Holman For all the other countless people that have helped me along this long journey: “I can no other answer make, but, thanks, and thanks” William Shakespeare.
Polarization Dependent Azimuthal Scattering From Tilted Fibre Bragg Gratings

Polarization sensitive mode coupling characteristics of tilted fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) have been exploited to develop a number of useful devices including fibre polarimeters, gain flattening filters, spectrum analyzers, polarization dependent loss (PDL) compensators, reconfigurable optical add / drop multiplexers (ROADM), as well as interferometric, and surface plasmon based sensors. Recently it was demonstrated that a single grating structure could couple the light guided in a fibre to two azimuthally separated, polarization independent, radiated beams. However the reasons for such behaviour had not been fully explained, precluding the complete understanding, exploitation and optimization of this phenomenon. This thesis explains the mechanisms underlying such behaviour through a thorough analytical examination of an existing equation formulated with the Volume Current Method (VCM), quantifying the degree to which a tilted FBG's radiation field is directionally dependent on the phase matching characteristics of a grating's three-dimensional structure as well as the polarization dependent dipole response of the medium itself. Examination of the equation's parameter space, revealed the possibility of three-beam azimuthal responses as well, and resulted in some guidelines for the design and optimization of these devices. Experimental measurements of the out-tapped field are also provided, clearly confirming these theoretical findings and reporting the fabrication of a three-beam azimuthal response grating for the first time. Drawing upon these advances, an improved polarimeter design is proposed that samples more than four detected beams with only two tilted FBGs, theoretically resulting in average Stokes vector error reductions of roughly 20%, facilitating monitoring at lower signal to noise ratios (SNRs). Finally, this thesis undertakes an analysis and re-derivation of the VCM formulation itself, designed to expand its applicability to FBGs written with ultrafast pulsed lasers, address some of the potentially limiting assumptions identified by Li et al, and provide users with computationally efficient formulae that are as accurate as possible. Table of
Link perturbation in social network analysis through neighborhood randomization

Social network, as a new phenomenon, has opened new venues of research area in many sciences. Most studies on social networks require access to the data, which often contains sensitive information that needs to be anonymized before publication. One of such anonymized approaches is link privacy. A standard technique of link privacy is to probabilistically randomize the destination of a link in the local neighborhood of the source node of link, known as neighborhood randomization technique. In this paper, we propose an algorithm based on neighborhood randomization. Unlike previous studies, the proposed algorithm pays more attention to popular nodes in the social network structure. Given the low number of these nodes and the fact that the links of these nodes are more often threatened, they have been perturbed more than other nodes to preserve the privacy of popular nodes. The algorithm has been evaluated using real life social network data.
Central and peripheral circadian clocks and their role in Alzheimer's disease

ABSTRACT Molecular and cellular oscillations constitute an internal clock that tracks the time of day and permits organisms to optimize their behaviour and metabolism to suit the daily demands they face. The workings of this internal clock become impaired with age. In this review, we discuss whether such age-related impairments in the circadian clock interact with age-related neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Findings from mouse and fly models of Alzheimer's disease have accelerated our understanding of the interaction between neurodegeneration and circadian biology. These models show that neurodegeneration likely impairs circadian rhythms either by damaging the central clock or by blocking its communication with other brain areas and with peripheral tissues. The consequent sleep and metabolic deficits could enhance the susceptibility of the brain to further degenerative processes. Thus, circadian dysfunction might be both a cause and an effect of neurodegeneration. We also discuss the primary role of light in the entrainment of the central clock and describe important, alternative time signals, such as food, that play a role in entraining central and peripheral circadian clocks. Finally, we propose how these recent insights could inform efforts to develop novel therapeutic approaches to re-entrain arrhythmic individuals with neurodegenerative disease. Summary: This Review summarizes how studies in Drosophila and mouse models accelerate our understanding of the links between circadian rhythm dysfunctions and age-related neurodegenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease.
Feature Point Descriptors: Infrared and Visible Spectra

This manuscript evaluates the behavior of classical feature point descriptors when they are used in images from long-wave infrared spectral band and compare them with the results obtained in the visible spectrum. Robustness to changes in rotation, scaling, blur, and additive noise are analyzed using a state of the art framework. Experimental results using a cross-spectral outdoor image data set are presented and conclusions from these experiments are given.
Higher-Order Solutions of Coupled Systems Using the Parameter Expansion Method

We consider periodic solution for coupled systems of mass-spring. Three practical cases of these systems are explained and introduced. An analytical technique called Parameter Expansion Method (PEM) was applied to calculate approximations to the achieved nonlinear differential oscillation equations. Comparing with exact solutions, the first approximation to the frequency of oscillation produces tolerable error 3.14% as the maximum. By the second iteration the respective error became 1/5th, as it is 0.064%. So we conclude that the first approximation of PEM is so benefit when a quick answer is required, but the higher order approximation gives a convergent precise solution when an exact solution is required.
Basic Concepts of X-Ray Diffraction

Preface Introduction DIFFRACTION PHENOMENA IN OPTICS WAVE PROPAGATION IN PERIODIC MEDIA DYNAMICAL DIFFRACTION OF PARTICLES AND FIELDS: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS The Two-Beam Approximation Diffraction Profile: The Laue Scattering Geometry Diffraction Profile: The Bragg Scattering Geometry DYNAMICAL X-RAY DIFFRACTION: THE EWALD-LAUE APPROACH Dynamical X-Ray Diffraction: Two-Beam Approximation DYNAMICAL DIFFRACTION: THE DARWIN APPROACH Scattering by a Single Electron Atomic Scattering Factor Structure Factor Scattering Amplitude from an Individual Atomic Plane Diffraction Intensity inthe Bragg Scattering Geometry DYNAMICAL DIFFRACTION IN NONHOMOGENEOUS MEDIA. THE TAKAGI-TAUPIN APPROACH Takagi Equations Taupin Equation X-RAY ABSORPTION DYNAMICAL DIFFRACTION IN SINGLE-SCATTERING APPROXIMATION: SIMULATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION X-RAY DIFFRACTION IN HETEROSTRUCTURES AND MULTILAYERS Direct Wave Summation Method RECIPROCAL SPACE MAPPING AND STRAIN MEASUREMENTS IN HETEROSTRUCTURES X-RAY DIFFRACTION IN KINEMATIC APPROXIMATION X-Ray Polarization Factor Debye-Waller Factor X-RAY DIFFRACTION FROM POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS Ideal Mosaic Crystal Powder Diffraction APPLICATIONS TO MATERIALS SCIENCE: STRUCTURE ANALYSIS APPLICATIONS TO MATERIALS SCIENCE: PHASE ANALYSIS Internal Standard Method Rietveld Refinement APPLICATIONS TO MATERIALS SCIENCE: PREFERRED ORIENTATION (TEXTURE) ANALYSIS The March-Dollase Approach APPLICATIONS TO MATERIALS SCIENCE: LINE BROADENING ANALYSIS Line Broadening due to Finite Crystallite Size Line Broadening due to Microstrain Fluctuations Williamson-Hall Method The Convolution Approach Instrumental Broadening Relation between Grain Size-Induced and Microstrain-Induced Broadenings of X-Ray Diffraction Profiles APPLICATIONS TO MATERIALS SCIENCE: RESIDUAL STRAIN/STRESS MEASUREMENTS Strain Measurements in Single-Crystalline Systems Residual Stress Measurements in Polycrystalline Materials IMPACT OF LATTICE DEFECTS ON X-RAY DIFFRACTION X-RAY DIFFRACTION MEASUREMENTS IN POLYCRYSTALS WITH HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION The Theory of Energy-Variable Diffraction (EVD) INELASTIC SCATTERING Inelastic Neutron Scattering Inelastic X-Ray Scattering INTERACTION OF X-RAYS WITH ACOUSTIC WAVES Thermal Diffuse Scattering Coherent Scattering by Externally Excited Phonons TIME-RESOLVED X-RAY DIFFRACTION X-RAY SOURCES Synchrotron Radiation X-RAY FOCUSING OPTICS X-Ray Focusing: Geometrical Optics Approach X-Ray Focusing: Diffraction Optics Approach X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETERS High-Resolution Diffractometers Powder Diffractometers Index