Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Production of Ethanol between Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation and Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation Using Unpretreated Cassava Pulp and Enzyme Cocktail

The processes of separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) were employed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of ethanol from cassava pulp without any pretreatment. A combination of amylase, cellulase, cellobiase, and glucoamylase produced the highest levels of ethanol production in both the SHF and the SSF method. A temperature of 37 °C, a pH of 5.0, and an inoculum size of 6% were the optimum conditions for SSF. For the batch process at a pulp concentration of 20%, ethanol production levels from SHF and SSF were the highest, at 23.51 and 34.67 g L−1 respectively, but in the fed-batch process, the levels of ethanol production from SHF and SSF rose to 29.39 and 43.25 g L−1 respectively, which were 25% and 24.7% higher than those of the batch process. Thus SSF using the fed-batch provided a more efficient method for the utilization of cassava pulp.
Tracing Field‐Coherent Quad Layouts

Given a cross field over a triangulated surface we present a practical and robust method to compute a field aligned coarse quad layout over the surface. The method works directly on a triangle mesh without requiring any parametrization and it is based on a new technique for tracing field‐coherent geodesic paths directly on a triangle mesh, and on a new relaxed formulation of a binary LP problem, which allows us to extract both conforming quad layouts and coarser layouts containing t‐junctions. Our method is easy to implement, very robust, and, being directly based on the input cross field, it is able to generate better aligned layouts, even with complicated fields containing many singularities. We show results on a number of datasets and comparisons with state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Understanding key factors affecting young people's WeChat usage: an empirical study from uses and gratifications perspective

WeChat, a newly fashionable mobile app, has been widely used by young adults in China in recent years. However, it remains unclear why and how young people adopt it. The present study attempts to fill the current knowledge gap by investigating young people's motivations in the light of the well-grounded uses and gratifications framework. Data are collected from online questionnaires based on 170 survey samples of young people in the age of 18 to 30. A principal components factor analysis identified four types of motives for using WeChat: pastime, affection, sociability and fashion. The remarkable finding is that, pastime and affection are predictive constructs for predicting WeChat usage behaviours through applying the regression analysis. Although female users tend to use WeChat more often and spend more time on each session than male users, the latter are more enthusiastic about using WeChat as a mean of interpersonal communication and following fashion. This research is expected to obtain a better understanding of the powerful influence of the fastest-growing social media on the young adult cohort.
HumMod explorer: a multi-scale time-varying human modeling navigator

HumMod [Hester et al. 2011] models interactions between the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, neural, endocrine, skeletal muscle, and metabolic physiologies. One of the difficulties which must be overcome with HumMod is the fact that the number of parameters is prohibitive in developing a clear and comprehensive view of the interactions between parameters. Currently the HumMod model contains more than 5000 variables. Therefore, good visualization techniques are needed to discern non-obvious relationships between variables. We present HumMod Navigator, a multiple-scale physiology data browser for exploring casual relationships of time-varying human modeling data. The visualization makes use of a circular layout and hierarchical relations to effectively visualize interactions between model parameters in an attempt to obtain both a local and comprehensive view of the physiological modeling environment.
The influence of cage farming on infection of the corvine fish Plagioscion squamosissimus (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) with metacercariae of Austrodiplostomum compactum (Digenea: Diplostomidae) from the Chavantes reservoir, São Paulo State, Brazil

Abstract The development of cage fish farms has been associated with an increase in parasitic diseases. Organic matter resulting from feed waste and faeces attracts animals such as birds and invertebrates that can act as hosts for parasites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cage farming on Austrodiplostomum compactum metacercariae infections of Plagioscion squamosissimus collected close to a cage farm in the Chavantes reservoir (Paranapanema River). Thirty-seven fish were collected in an area close to cages (CF), and 28 in an area not influenced by cages (CT). All specimens were weighed, measured and the eyes removed for morphological analyses of metacercariae. The prevalence, mean intensity of infection, mean abundance and condition factor were calculated. The prevalence (CF = 86.4%, CT = 57.1%), mean infection intensity (CF = 20.31 ± 1.13, CT = 4.29 ± 7.14) and mean abundance (CF = 17.70 ± 6.27, CT = 2.35 ± 0.77) were higher in the CF (P< 0.05) group. There were no significant correlations (P> 0.05) between the mean abundance and standard length or the total weight and condition factor in either group (P> 0.05). Fish farms may interfere with the life cycle of A. compactum, leading to more infections with P. squamosissimus. This could be due to an increase in the number of host animals that are attracted by the availability of food resources derived from fish farms.
Percutaneous coronary interventions in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: shifting paradigms and future perspectives.

Acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability worldwide. For the past years, the management of patients with STEMI has considerably evolved in terms of reperfusion strategies, adjunctive antithrombotic therapy, technical approaches, and development of coordination systems of care. This effort has not only led to a marked reduction in clinical event rates, but also resulted in continuous paradigm shift on our approach to treating these patients. The rapidity with which new information from pivotal trials and registries becomes available makes it a challenge for clinical guidelines to stay current because these documents inevitably lag behind the most recent reported findings in the field. This also presents a challenge for physicians because it is not always clear on how such emerging evidence should be embraced in clinical practice without endorsement from our professional societies. In this Editorial viewpoint, we put into perspective some of the recent pivotal data that have emerged and influences our clinical practice in the percutaneous management of patients with STEMI.1–3 In particular, areas that have evolved in percutaneous management of patients with STEMI include appropriate device use, revascularization strategies in the catheterization laboratory, and setting up optimal benchmarks and systems of care. In the device arena, current guidelines give a class IIa (level of evidence B) recommendation to the use of manual aspiration thrombectomy in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 4,5 This recommendation has been primarily derived from the findings of the Thrombus Aspiration during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction Study (TAPAS) trial, showing that in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI (n=1071), manual aspiration was not only associated with better reperfusion, but also improved long-term outcomes, including mortality.6 This has fueled …
Antibacterial activity of extract and fractions from branches of Protium spruceanum and cytotoxicity on fibroblasts

Abstract The crude ethanol extract (CEE) and fractions from branches of Protium spruceanum were subjected to antibacterial and cytotoxicity assays. Compounds of the most active fraction were identified by GC-MS and LC-MS. CEE was active against 19 bacteria and the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed the lowest minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC 0.3–80.0 mg/mL). Through time-kill assay was observed that EAF induced rapid bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The cytotoxicity tests against L929 fibroblasts showed great potential of EAF on the treatment of infections caused by five bacteria (MBC < IC50). The results provide in vitro scientific support to the possible application of branches of P. spruceanum as antimicrobial agent that may contribute for treatment of infections.
Protein tyrosine nitration in mouse peritoneal macrophages activated in vitro and in vivo: evidence against an essential role of peroxynitrite

Tyrosine nitration is considered a key reaction of peroxynitrite‐triggered tissue injury in inflammatory diseases. We investigated the potential involvement of peroxynitrite in protein tyrosine nitration in isolated murine peritoneal macrophages activated either in vitro with interferon‐γ/lipopolysaccharide or in vivo by priming mice with Corynebacterium parvum (10 mg×kg‐1). Both protocols led to release of NO and accumulation of nitrite accompanied by formation of protein‐bound 3‐nitrotyrosine. Oxidation of dihydror‐hodamine 123, a measure of peroxynitrite release, remained close to basal levels upon in vitro activation of the macrophages but was increased ~twofold in vivo. Tyrosine nitration in macrophages activated in vitro was inhibited by catalase and the time course of nitration correlated with nitrite accumulation, whereas superoxide (O2•–) and H2O2 release occurred at much earlier times. To address the contribution of O2*‐ and peroxynitrite to in vivo nitration, aO2•– scavenger (MnTBAP;1 mg×kg‐1) was given to C. parvum‐primed mice. MnTBAP led to almost complete inhibition of C. parvum‐triggered O2•– and peroxynitrite release, whereas nitrite accumulation and formation of 3‐nitro‐tyrosine were less affected (~50% of controls). These results argue against an essential role of peroxynitrite in protein tyrosine nitration in vivo. —Pfeiffer, S. , Lass, A. , Schmidt, K. , Mayer, B. Protein tyrosine nitration in mouse peritoneal macrophages activated in vitro and in vivo: evidence against an essential role of peroxynitrite. FASEB J. 15, 2355–2364 (2001)
Mining Large Multi-Aspect Data : Algorithms and Applications

Given a Knowledge Base that records millions of relations of the form Barack Obama is the president of USA, how can we automatically learn new synonyms and enhance the Knowledge Base? Imagine now measuring the brain activity of a person while reading words that appear in this Knowledge Base; how can we relate information processing in the brain, and information found on the World Wide Web? Can we use both pieces of data in order to enhance knowledge extraction in both scenarios? On a third, seemingly unrelated, application, consider having diﬀerent views of a social network, e.g. observing who is calling whom, who sends e-mails to whom, and who texts whom; can we use this rich information towards community and anomaly detection? What if we also have demographic information about the people of the network? Can we further enhance our analysis? The key underlying theme behind all the above applications is the multi-aspect nature of the data, with the ultimate question being: how can we take advantage of all diﬀerent aspects? And if so, can we analyze sets of multi-aspect data jointly? Finally, can we automatically, and in a mostly unsupervised setting, ﬁlter out aspects of the data which are redundant or not beneﬁcial for the task at hand, and at the same time, being able to assess the quality of our analysis despite the lack of ground truth data? In this talk, we discuss fast, scalable, and interpretable algorithms (with speciﬁc emphasis on Tensor Analysis), and their application to a wide variety of multi-aspect data problems.
Comparative analysis of Synchronization Algorithms based on PLL, RDFT and Kalman Filter

This paper discusses the main characteristics and presents a comparative analysis of three synchronization algorithms based respectively, on a phase-locked loop, a Kalman filter and a discrete Fourier transform. It will be described the single and three-phase models of the first two methods and the single-phase model of the third one. Details on how to modify the filtering properties or dynamic response of each algorithm will be discussed in terms of their design parameters. In order to compare the different algorithms, these parameters will be set for maximum filter capability. Then, the dynamic response, during input amplitude and frequency deviations will be observed, as well as during the initialization procedure. So, advantages and disadvantages of all considered algorithms will be discussed.
Two exact algorithms for the distance-constrained vehicle routing problem

This paper considers a version of the vehicle routing problem in which all vehicles are identical and where the distance travelled by any vehicle may not exceed A prespecified upper bound. The problem is first formulated as an integer program which is solved by means of a constraint relaxation procedure. Two exact algorithms are developed: one based on Gomory cutting planes and one on branch and bound. Numerical results are reported. (Author/TRRL)
Active Clamping Circuit to Suppress Switching Stress on a MOS-Gate-Structure-Based Power Semiconductor for Pulsed-Power Applications

Metal-oxide-silicon (MOS)-gate-structure-based power semiconductors, such as MOS field-effect transistors, insulated-gate bipolar transistors, and MOS controlled thyristors, are widely used as high-voltage switch and power modulator components in pulsed-power applications. The power semiconductors are generally connected in series and in parallel in order to increase their maximum switching voltage and current, respectively. It is important to suppress overvoltage or switching stress on power semiconductors connected in series and parallel during an extremely short switching time and at fast operating frequency. Generally, gate drive control techniques and methods for the suppression of high voltage are required. To suppress overvoltage and switching stress, this paper proposes a simple and effective active clamping method rather than the use of a snubber circuit with free switching condition modulation. Based on comparative switching experiments, the active clamping method is expected to suppress switching stress and overvoltage while load and switching conditions are changed without modification of the high-side auxiliary circuit for pulsed-power applications.
Repression of tonB transcription during anaerobic growth requires Fur binding at the promoter and a second factor binding upstream

Although iron is an essential nutrient, its toxicity at high levels necessitates regulated transport. In Gram‐negative bacteria a central target for regulation is the TonB protein, an energy transducer that couples the cytoplasmic membrane proton motive force to active transport of (FeIII)‐siderophore complexes across the outer membrane. We have previously demonstrated the threefold repression of tonB transcription by excess iron in the presence of Fur repressor protein under aerobic conditions. In this report, we examine tonB regulation under anaerobic conditions where the solubility of iron is not a limiting factor and, presumably, siderophore‐mediated transport is not required. Under these conditions, tonB transcription is repressed at least 10‐foid by excess iron in the presence of Fur, but can be fully derepressed in the absence of Fur. Based on several lines of evidence, this anaerobic repression is not due to increased negative supercoiling as previously postulated. Our results rule out both supercoiling mediated decreased promoter function and increased Fur binding as mediators of anaerobic repression. Under iron‐limiting anaerobic conditions tonB expression is as high or higher than under iron‐limiting aerobic conditions, suggesting that promoter function has not decreased anaerobically. Furthermore, under anaerobic conditions in tonB+ strains, tonB promoter function is insensitive to the gyrase inhibitor novobiocin and to changes in medium osmolarity and temperature, three conditions known to change levels of supercoiling. We also rule out effects of mutations in arcA or fnr as mediators of anaerobic repression. Results from in vivo dimethyl sulphate protection foot‐printing indicate that Fur binds to an operator site between the ‐10 and ‐35 regions of the promoter but not to a less homologous operator site centered at +26. The binding is, if anything, weaker under anaerobic conditions, indicating that anaerobic repression is not mediated through Fur. Additional changes in the in vivo footprint upstream from the promoter implicate a second factor in tonB anaerobic repression. Together, these results suggest that the mechanism responsible for this regulation (and, by analogy, that of other anaerobically repressed, iron‐regulated genes such as cir, exbB, and fhuA) is a novel one.
Reinforcement Learning Algorithm Selection

This paper formalises the problem of online algorithm selection in the context of Reinforcement Learning. The setup is as follows: given an episodic task and a finite number of off-policy RL algorithms, a meta-algorithm has to decide which RL algorithm is in control during the next episode so as to maximize the expected return. The article presents a novel meta-algorithm, called Epochal Stochastic Bandit Algorithm Selection (ESBAS). Its principle is to freeze the policy updates at each epoch, and to leave a rebooted stochastic bandit in charge of the algorithm selection. Under some assumptions, a thorough theoretical analysis demonstrates its near-optimality considering the structural sampling budget limitations. ESBAS is first empirically evaluated on a dialogue task where it is shown to outperform each individual algorithm in most configurations. ESBAS is then adapted to a true online setting where algorithms update their policies after each transition, which we call SSBAS. SSBAS is evaluated on a fruit collection task where it is shown to adapt the stepsize parameter more efficiently than the classical hyperbolic decay, and on an Atari game, where it improves the performance by a wide margin.
Mapping sequence differences between thimet oligopeptidase and neurolysin implicates key residues in substrate recognition

The highly homologous endopeptidases thimet oligopeptidase and neurolysin are both restricted to short peptide substrates and share many of the same cleavage sites on bioactive and synthetic peptides. They sometimes target different sites on the same peptide, however, and defining the determinants of differential recognition will help us to understand how both enzymes specifically target a wide variety of cleavage site sequences. We have mapped the positions of the 224 surface residues that differ in sequence between the two enzymes onto the surface of the neurolysin crystal structure. Although the deep active site channel accounts for about one quarter of the total surface area, only 11% of the residue differences map to this region. Four isolated sequence changes (R470/E469, R491/M490, N496/H495, and T499/R498; neurolysin residues given first) are well positioned to affect recognition of substrate peptides, and differences in cleavage site specificity can be largely rationalized on the basis of these changes. We also mapped the positions of three cysteine residues believed to be responsible for multimerization of thimet oligopeptidase, a process that inactivates the enzyme. These residues are clustered on the outside of one channel wall, where multimerization via disulfide formation is unlikely to block the substrate‐binding site. Finally, we mapped the regulatory phosphorylation site in thimet oligopeptidase to a location on the outside of the molecule well away from the active site, which indicates this modification has an indirect effect on activity.
Study of the Phase Shift Plus PWM Control Strategy Based on a Resonant Bridge Modular Switched-Capacitor Converter

Bridge modular switched-capacitor converter (BMSCC) has been reported with symmetric and modular structure, and featured less output voltage ripple, less components cost, and convenient voltage extension but weak output voltage regulation. This paper presents a phase shift plus pulse width modulation (PWM) control strategy for the novel resonant BMSCC. With this control method, output voltage regulation and the limitation of the loop peak current to a proper range are implemented. Also, output voltage ripple could be effectively controlled as well through the voltage ripple characteristics analysis in different cases. Detailed analyses of the relationships between the switching phases of MOSFETs and the output voltage, the switching-phases of MOSFETs and the loop peak current are performed. Meanwhile, through optimal switching sequence, the proposed control method ensures that almost all switching devices maintain zero current switching or zero voltage switching operation, which results in high system efficiency. Using simulation software of the saber and hardware platform, the soft switching, output voltage, and peak current characteristics are verified.
Probabilistic Radar Scan Matching for Robot Teach and Repeat

—Teach and repeat is a robotics paradigm in which a robot is to repeatedly traverse a predeﬁned, taught route. A central component of teach and repeat robotics is the localisation of a robot with respect to a locally consistent map rather than a globally consistent one as is many SLAM applications. This localisation is dependent on the ability to match sensor scans to determine motion. In this paper we investigate the use of a microwave radar sensor coupled with a probabilistic scan matching method for a teach and repeat application with a mobile robot. The use of microwave radar is motivated by it’s resilience to adverse weather conditions, which provides an advantage over many currently used sensors such as LIDAR. The use of a probabilistic framework for scan matching is motivated by issues such as initialisation errors associated with commonly used optimisation based scan matchers. This work demonstrates efﬁcacy in the use of radar with a probabilistic scan matcher for the localisation in a teach and repeat setting.
Analysis and Design of Wide-Band Millimeter-Wave Transformer-Based VCO and ILFDs

Several transformer-based techniques are proposed to enhance the frequency tuning range of mm-wave voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) and the frequency locking range of injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs). Firstly, a switched-transformer VCO (ST-VCO) based on dual-band topology is proposed to increase the frequency tuning range. Secondly, transformer-distribution ILFDs (TD-ILFDs) are demonstrated to achieve much improved frequency locking range with compact chip area and low power consumption. Thirdly, the injection-saturation problem of ILFDs is identified, analyzed, and solved in this work. A VCO and three different TD-ILFDs are designed and fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process. The proposed ST-VCO measures wide tuning range of 22.3% from 62.1 GHz to 78.3 GHz with phase noise of -112 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset while consuming 7.7 mW, corresponding to FoM and FoMT of -180.4 dBc/Hz and -187.4 dBc/Hz, respectively. The proposed 60-GHz TD-ILFDs measure locking range of 19.6 GHz (29.6%), 19.8 GHz (29.2%), and 3.8 GHz (6.1%) while consuming 1.44 mW, 1.44 mW, and 0.44 mW.