Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of inhaled monoethanolamine on bronchoconstriction

We previously reported a 65‐year‐old man who aspirated an alkaline detergent containing 3.3% w/v (weight of solute per volume of solution) monoethanolamine (MEA) into his lungs, causing asthma‐like symptoms. We presently describe the mechanism of MEA‐induced bronchoconstriction according to findings in guinea pigs. In anesthetized, artificially ventilated animals, changes in airway opening pressure (Pao) were measured as an index of bronchoconstriction. An aerosol of 3.3% MEA solution (0.1 ml kg−1) inhaled through a tracheal cannula induced significantly stronger bronchoconstriction than an aerosol of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution (0.1 ml kg−1) at the same pH. MEA‐induced bronchoconstriction was significantly suppressed by premedication with intravenously injected atropine sulfate (3 mg kg−1), a muscarinic receptor antagonist, or diphenhydramine hydrochloride (10 mg kg−1), a histamine‐H1 receptor antagonist. MEA‐induced bronchoconstriction was not enhanced by premedication with an intravenous injection of neostigmine (0.1 mg kg−1), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. When bronchoconstriction was induced by MEA, histamine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were not significantly greater than in BALF after KOH‐induced bronchoconstriction or in BALF after inhalation of physiologic saline. In vitro, contraction of trachea denuded of epithelium during superfusion with MEA (10 mm) was suppressed by premedication with pyrilamine maleate, a histamine‐H1 receptor antagonist, at 10 and 100 µm. Contraction of trachea denuded of epithelium during superfusion with MEA (10 mm) was suppressed by premedication with atropine sulfate at 10 and 100 µm. These results suggest that asthma‐like symptoms may result partly from agonistic MEA effects at histamine‐H1 receptors and muscarinic receptors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The gridding method for image reconstruction by Fourier transformation

The authors explore a computational method for reconstructing an n-dimensional signal f from a sampled version of its Fourier transform f;. The method involves a window function w; and proceeds in three steps. First, the convolution g;=w;*f; is computed numerically on a Cartesian grid, using the available samples of f;. Then, g=wf is computed via the inverse discrete Fourier transform, and finally f is obtained as g/w. Due to the smoothing effect of the convolution, evaluating w;*f; is much less error prone than merely interpolating f;. The method was originally devised for image reconstruction in radio astronomy, but is actually applicable to a broad range of reconstructive imaging methods, including magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. In particular, it provides a fast and accurate alternative to the filtered backprojection. The basic method has several variants with other applications, such as the equidistant resampling of arbitrarily sampled signals or the fast computation of the Radon (Hough) transform.
Full-thickness Skin Graft After Nail Complex Resection for Malignant Tumors

Melanoma in situ and early squamous cell carcinoma can be treated successfully with excision with narrow margins. However, as the extent of disease is known only after pathologic examination of the entire lesion, the appropriate initial surgical margin is a dilemma. Lesions that involve the nail complex present an additional challenge for surgeons—whether to excise the nail complex partially or completely. The ideal form of reconstruction is also in question. We elect to completely excise the nail complex with immediate reconstruction using a full-thickness skin graft, allowing complete tumor clearance and preserving the distal phalanx. We retrospectively reviewed records of patients who had undergone complete nail complex excision and immediate skin grafting. We assessed the need for additional procedures for positive resection margins, full-thickness skin graft take on the bare bone of the distal phalanx, and final aesthetic appearance. Our study included 9 patients who had surgery on a total of 10 digits. One patient underwent repeat resection with distal phalanx disarticulation after pathologic assessment revealed a positive margin for an invasive tumor No patients had a local recurrence. Two patients required a second procedure—one for excision of a nail remnant and another for excision of an epidermal inclusion cyst. All patients were satisfied with the results, with none wanting further nail reconstruction, and all returned to presurgery use of the hand. This technique is effective for managing melanoma in situ and early squamous cell carcinoma that affect the nail complex.
A Multi-Axis Annotation Scheme for Event Temporal Relations

Existing temporal relation (TempRel) annotation schemes often have low inter-annotator agreements (IAA) even between experts, suggesting that the current annotation task needs a better definition. This paper proposes a new multi-axis modeling to better capture the temporal structure of events. In addition, we identify that event end-points are a major source of confusion in annotation, so we also propose to annotate TempRels based on start-points only. A pilot expert annotation effort using the proposed scheme shows significant improvement in IAA from the conventional 60’s to 80’s (Cohen’s Kappa). This better-defined annotation scheme further enables the use of crowdsourcing to alleviate the labor intensity for each annotator. We hope that this work can foster more interesting studies towards event understanding.
Wearable abnormal gait behavior detection system for elderly based on Gabor atoms decomposition and cloud computing

To solve the problems of real-time detection, recognition and online push service of the abnormal gait behavior for the elderly, the intelligent mobile terminals with tri-axial acceleration sensor embedded are used to capture the motion information of human. The signal data are decomposed into a linear combination of Gabor atoms by using the method of MP (matching pursuit), and the Wigner-Ville time-frequency analysis method is also introduced to carry out joint time-frequency analysis from the aspect of time and the motion characteristics in 3D space. In order to solve problems of complicated computing in the process of time frequency analysis, and conducting data training, classification, recognition and message push online of abnormal behavior, a wearable abnormal behavior detection system is explored based on the mobile terminal APP, wireless network, and the cloud computing platform. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible and it can be applied to the aged care, emergency aid and many other related fields.
Novel View Specification and Synthesis

Given a set of real images, Novel View Synthesis (NVS) aims to produce views of a scene that would correspond to that of a virtual camera. There exist many approaches to solving this problem. We consider physically valid NVS methods, in particular those based on epipolar and trifocal transfer. We review a number of methods and place them into a common framework of view specification and mapping method. We present a new method for directly specifying the novel camera motion for epipolar transfer. We also develop a backward mapping scheme for trifocal transfer which overcomes the problems associated with standard forward mapping methods.
Medical Waste Disposal Method Selection Based on a Hierarchical Decision Model with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Relations

Although medical waste usually accounts for a small fraction of urban municipal waste, its proper disposal has been a challenging issue as it often contains infectious, radioactive, or hazardous waste. This article proposes a two-level hierarchical multicriteria decision model to address medical waste disposal method selection (MWDMS), where disposal methods are assessed against different criteria as intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations and criteria weights are furnished as real values. This paper first introduces new operations for a special class of intuitionistic fuzzy values, whose membership and non-membership information is cross ratio based ]0, 1[-values. New score and accuracy functions are defined in order to develop a comparison approach for ]0, 1[-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. A weighted geometric operator is then put forward to aggregate a collection of ]0, 1[-valued intuitionistic fuzzy values. Similar to Saaty’s 1–9 scale, this paper proposes a cross-ratio-based bipolar 0.1–0.9 scale to characterize pairwise comparison results. Subsequently, a two-level hierarchical structure is formulated to handle multicriteria decision problems with intuitionistic preference relations. Finally, the proposed decision framework is applied to MWDMS to illustrate its feasibility and effectiveness.
Bacteriophage T4-induced shut-off of host-specific translation

To study the mechanism by which bacteriophage T4 inhibits the synthesis of inducible host enzymes we measured the formation of beta-galactosidase from preformed lac mRNA. Beta-Galactosidase was induced with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside in the presence of 7-azatryptophan, a tryptophan analogue that is incorporated into proteins and renders the beta-galactosidase formed inactive. The accumulated las mRNA was measured by capacity to form active beta-galactosidase after a chase of the analogue with excess tryptophan. After T4 infection the ability to form beta-galactosidase from the preformed lac mRNA was rapidly lost even when T4 infection took place in the presence of rifampin. This restriction was dependent on the multiplicity of infection. At a multiplicity of infection of 8.6, 90% of the ability to express preformed lac mRNA was lost within 30 s. The kinetics of cessation of beta-galactosidase synthesis after T4 infection indicate that infection blocks initiation of lac mRNA translation.
Extending the lifetime of NVMs with compression

Emerging Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs) such as Phase Change Memory (PCM) and Resistive RAM (RRAM) are promising to replace traditional DRAM technology. However, they suffer from limited write endurance and high write energy consumption. Encoding methods such as Flip-N-Write, FlipMin and CAFO can reduce the bit flips of NVMs by exploiting additional capacity to store the tag bits of encoding methods. The effects of encoding methods are limited by the capacity overhead of the tag bits. In this paper, we propose COE to COmpress cacheline for Extending the lifetime of NVMs. COE exploits the space saved by compression to store the tag bits of data encoding methods. Through combining data compression techniques with data encoding methods, COE can reduce the bit flips with negligible capacity overhead. We further observe that the saved space size of each compressed cacheline varies, and different encoding methods have different tradeoffs between capacity overhead and effects. To fully exploit the space saved by compression for improving lifetime, we select the proper encoding methods according to the saved space size. Experimental results show that our scheme can reduce the bit flips by 14.2%, decrease the energy consumption by 11.8% and improve the lifetime by 27.5% with only 0.2% capacity overhead.
TAM Infiltration Differences in “Tumor-First” and “ZHENG-First” Models and the Underlying Inflammatory Molecular Mechanism in Pancreatic Cancer

Background: Syndrome (ZHENG in Chinese) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) refers to the intrinsic characteristics of a pathological process at a certain stage; these characteristics are influenced by internal and external environments and reveal the nature of a disease. Proper syndrome differentiation is the basic principle that guides clinical treatment. Objective: To have a good understanding of tumor progression and the different mechanisms related to ZHENG that have occurred before and after tumor development and to explore the valid evaluation criteria of different pancreatic cancer syndromes to improve the guiding role of TCM syndrome differentiation in pancreatic cancer treatment. Methods: In this study, we established mouse subcutaneous pancreatic cancer models, namely, Con (control), Pi-Xu (Spleen-Deficiency), Shi-Re (Dampness-Heat), and Xue-Yu (Blood-Stasis). Then, for the first time, we compared the different effects of “ZHENG-first” (referring to a different disease status that occurred before tumor occurrence) and “Tumor-first” (referring to the change in the tumor microenvironment and the resulting changes in the state of the body) conditions on tumor progression and evaluated the associated molecular mechanisms. Results: We found that tumor growth in the “ZHENG-first” and “Tumor-first” conditions was different. In the “Tumor-first” model, the tumor growth in the Pi-Xu group was faster than that in the other groups. However, in the “ZHENG-first” model, the tumor growth trend was most obvious in the Shi-Re group. There was a difference in tumor-associated macrophage infiltration between the 2 models. The expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and P-STAT3 were also differentially altered. Conclusion: The emergence of ZHENG conditions before or after tumor occurrence had different impacts on pancreatic cancer development, and these impacts may be related to differences in tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and the involved inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and P-STAT3. The study results uncovered the molecular basis of syndrome differentiation in pancreatic cancer progression, which might provide more specific guidance for TCM treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Structure-Based Bayesian Sparse Reconstruction

Sparse signal reconstruction algorithms have attracted research attention due to their wide applications in various fields. In this paper, we present a simple Bayesian approach that utilizes the sparsity constraint and a priori statistical information (Gaussian or otherwise) to obtain near optimal estimates. In addition, we make use of the rich structure of the sensing matrix encountered in many signal processing applications to develop a fast sparse recovery algorithm. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is very low compared with the widely used convex relaxation methods as well as greedy matching pursuit techniques, especially at high sparsity.
Developing Accessible and Usable Security (ACCUS) Heuristics

Currently, usable security and web accessibility design principles exist separately. Although literature at the intersect of accessibility and security is developing, it is limited in its understanding of how users with vision loss operate the web securely. In this paper, we propose heuristics that fuse the nuances of both fields. With these heuristics, we evaluate 10 websites and uncover several issues that can impede users' ability to abide by common security advice.
A recurrent EYA1 mutation causing alternative RNA splicing in branchio‐oto‐renal syndrome: Implications for molecular diagnostics and disease mechanism

Branchio‐oto‐renal syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, characterized by branchial arch abnormalities, hearing loss and renal abnormalities, with mutations in EYA1 reported in 30–70% of patients. We have applied a molecular testing strategy of sequencing of the complete coding region/flanking intronic regions and multiple ligation probe amplification analysis of EYA1 to a pediatric branchio‐oto‐renal proband cohort. EYA1 mutations were identified in 82% (14/17) of the probands. We also describe a novel recurrent EYA1 mutation c.867 + 5G > A found in five unrelated affected patients. RNA analysis showed that c.867 + 5G > A affects EYA1 splicing, producing an aberrant mRNA transcript lacking exon 8 and resulting in premature termination in exon 9. The aberrant transcript was present at approximately 50% level of wild‐type EYA1 mRNA in fibroblasts, and is predicted to encode an EYA1 protein retaining the amino terminal transcriptional coactivator region but lacking the conserved carboxy terminal Eya phosphatase domain. Patients with the c.867 + 5G > A mutation were found to have more severe renal abnormalities than probands with other mutations in this cohort. Analysis of the c.867 + 5G > A mutation suggests that certain transcripts of EYA1 escape nonsense‐mediated decay and encode truncated EYA proteins that may be capable of dominant‐negative interactions producing distinct phenotypic features within the branchio‐oto‐renal spectrum. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transmitting on actin: synaptic control of dendritic architecture

Excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system mainly takes place at dendritic spines, highly motile protrusions on the dendritic surface. Depending on the stimuli received, dendritic spines undergo rapid actin-based changes in their morphology. This plasticity appears to involve signaling through numerous proteins that control the organization of the actin cytoskeleton (actin regulators). At least in part, recruitment and activation of these depends on neurotransmitter receptors at the post-synapse, which directly link neurotransmission to changes in dendritic spine architecture. However, other, non-neurotransmitter-receptors present at dendritic spines also participate. It is likely that several receptor types can control the activity of a single actin-regulatory pathway and it is the complex integration of numerous signals that determines the overall architecture of a dendritic spine.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum MSP2(P44)-18 Predominates and Is Modified into Multiple Isoforms in Human Myeloid Cells

ABSTRACT Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the etiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis. MSP2(P44), the bacterium's major surface protein, is encoded by a paralogous gene family and has been implicated in a variety of pathobiological processes, including antigenic variation, host adaptation, adhesion, porin activity, and structural integrity. The consensus among several studies performed at the DNA and RNA levels is that a heterogeneous mix of a limited number of msp2(p44) transcripts is expressed by A. phagocytophilum during in vitro cultivation. Such analyses have yet to be extended to the protein level. In this study, we used proteomic and molecular approaches to determine that MSP2(P44)-18 is the predominant if not the only paralog expressed and is modified into multiple 42- to 44-kDa isoforms by A. phagocytophilum strain HGE1 during infection of HL-60 cells. The msp2(p44) expression profile was homogeneous for msp2(p44)-18. Thus, MSP2(P44)-18 may have a fitness advantage in HL-60 cell culture in the absence of selective immune pressure. Several novel 22- to 27-kDa MSP2 isoforms lacking most of the N-terminal conserved region were also identified. A. phagocytophilum MSP2(P44) orthologs expressed by other pathogens in the family Anaplasmataceae are glycosylated. Gas chromatography revealed that recombinant MSP2(P44)-18 is modified by glucose, galactose, xylose, mannose, and trace amounts of other glycosyl residues. These data are the first to confirm differential modification of any A. phagocytophilum MSP2(P44) paralog and the first to provide evidence for expression of truncated versions of such proteins.
Ricean $K$-Factors in Narrow-Band Fixed Wireless Channels: Theory, Experiments, and Statistical Models

Fixed wireless channels in suburban macrocells are subject to fading due to scattering by moving objects such as windblown trees and foliage in the environment. When, as is often the case, the fading follows a Ricean distribution, the first-order statistics of fading are completely described by the corresponding average path gain and Ricean K-factor. Because such fading has important implications for the design of both narrow-band and wideband multipoint communication systems that are deployed in such environments, it must be well characterized. We conducted a set of 1.9-GHz experiments in suburban macrocell environments to generate a collective database from which we could construct a simple model for the probability distribution of K as experienced by fixed wireless users. Specifically, we find K to be lognormal, with the median being a simple function of season, antenna height, antenna beamwidth, and distance and with a standard deviation of 8 dB. We also present plausible physical arguments to explain these observations, elaborate on the variability of K with time, frequency, and location, and show the strong influence of wind conditions on K.
Secondary Abdominal Pregnancy

not occur too soon for complications, because the majority survived for over two weeks. The clinical records in our Groups 2, 3, and 4, where pus was found in the mastoid after death, do not reveal that diarrhoea and vomiting were a feature of the illness, as might be expected if the association of mastoiditis and diarrhoea were that of cause and effect. Indeed, while the "parenteral" infection is well recognized as often being associated with vomiting and diarrhoea in infants, "gastro-enteritis" is not a common associate with, say, a pneumococcal empyema or a staphylococcal osteomyelitis, even when undrained. Why should the same infection in the mastoid cause such profound results? The shorter, wider, and more patent Eustachian tube is often evoked to explain how milk-infected mucus, etc., can find its way to the middle ear. It seems to us that the reverse holdsnamely, that " pent-up " pus 'is less likely to be present in the middle ear of infants than in older patients, because some drainage can take place through the tube into the pharynx. In fact, this is possibly one of the reasons why classical drum signs are often ab:ent in infants with acute otitis media. Infants have fairly well developed antral, ethmoid, and sphenoidal sinuses. While clinically recognizable " sinusitis " is not common in infants, it would seem logical to suspect these also as being the seat of "pent-up" infection. Ebbs (1937) has shown that pus can be found in one or more sinuses at necropsy in a by no means negligible number of patients. In the age group he investigated the findings were positive in 30.6% of 496 cases examined. We agree with Findlay (1932) that the climax of the " focal sepsis " theory was surely reached when Odeneal (1928) stated that the nasal accessory sinuses are infected in 50% of cases of gastro-enteritis, and that if myringotomy and mastoidectomy do not cause improvement in the infant's condition the sinuses should be opened and drained! The diversity of organisms found in our cases and in other investigations makes it difficult to believe that such a constant syndrome as infantile diarrhoea and vomiting can be the result of such infection. Finally, the highly infectious nature and the mode of spread of gastro-enteritis in infants' wards in hospital form, we think, one of the strongest points against latent nmastoid infection being the key to the aetiology of this condition. Summary In a series of 120 necropsies in infants and young children pus was found in the mastoid cavities of 71. Though the highest incidence was in patients with a clinical history of " diarrhoea and vomiting," it was found almost as often in a wide variety of conditions. Clinical, post-mortem, and bacteriological findings suggest that so-called " latent mastoiditis " is not an aetiological factor in the diarrhoea-and-vomiting symptom-complex.