Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Segment Optimization and Data-Driven Thresholding for Knowledge-Based Landslide Detection by Object-Based Image Analysis

To detect landslides by object-based image analysis using criteria based on shape, color, texture, and, in particular, contextual information and process knowledge, candidate segments must be delineated properly. This has proved challenging in the past, since segments are mainly created using spectral and size criteria that are not consistent for landslides. This paper presents an approach to select objectively parameters for a region growing segmentation technique to outline landslides as individual segments and also addresses the scale dependence of landslides and false positives occurring in a natural landscape. Multiple scale parameters were determined using a plateau objective function derived from the spatial autocorrelation and intrasegment variance analysis, allowing for differently sized features to be identified. While a high-resolution Resourcesat-1 Linear Imaging and Self Scanning Sensor IV (5.8 m) multispectral image was used to create segments for landslide recognition, terrain curvature derived from a digital terrain model based on Cartosat-1 (2.5 m) data was used to create segments for subsequent landslide classification. Here, optimal segments were used in a knowledge-based classification approach with the thresholds of diagnostic parameters derived from If-means cluster analysis, to detect landslides of five different types, with an overall recognition accuracy of 76.9%. The approach, when tested in a geomorphologically dissimilar area, recognized landslides with an overall accuracy of 77.7%, without modification to the methodology. The multiscale classification-based segment optimization procedure was also able to reduce the error of commission significantly in comparison to a single-optimal-scale approach.
Modeling the relation of goal orientations to achievement-related affect in physical education: Does perceived ability matter?

This study investigated likely determinants of achievement-related affect in physical education. In particular, interrelationships were examined between achievement goal orientations, success perceptions, personally controllable attributions, and achievement-related affect based on data collected from 1,070 British students aged 11-16 years. A positive association emerged between task orientation and success perception, but not between ego orientation and success perception. In addition, perceived success positively influenced personally controllable attributions and positive affect, but had no effect on negative emotion. Furthermore, personally controllable attributions augmented positive emotion and minimized negative affect. Perceived ability moderated the relation between ego orientation and personally controllable attributions. Hence, under the low perceived ability condition, ego orientation was associated with personally uncontrollable attributions, but the opposite was true for the high perceived .
Replication characteristics of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) recombinants in 3 types of tissue cultures

A complication in the analysis of the role of ICP34.5 gene in the herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) lifecycle is the presence of overlapping antisense gene, open reading frame P (ORF P), which is also deleted in HSV-1 ICP34.5 negative mutants. A HSV-1 wild type strain (17 + ) ICP34.5/ORF P deletion mutant (1716) is totally avirulent in animal models and impaired in a number of in vitro functions: replication in 3T6 cells; and replication and shutoff of cellular protein synthesis in SK-N-SH cells. To attribute characteristics of 1716 to each of these two genes (ICP34.5 or ORF P), a number of HSV-1 recombinant viruses that express ICP34.5 and ORF P independently were constructed, purified and characterized. The parent of these recombinants is 1716 and they are (so called): 1622, expressing ICP34.5; 1624/24.5, expressing ORF P; and 1625, expressing both ICP34.5 and ORF P in separate loci. Using homologous recombination in cell culture, the recombinants were constructed and their DNA were analyzed by Southern-blotting. Expression of ICP34.5 and ORF P from the recombinants was checked by Western-blotting. Using cell culture, titration and plaque assay techniques, replication kinetics of the recombinants were compared with 17 + and 1716 in 3 cell lines, BHK, 3T6, and SK-NSH. The results showed that (i) ICP34.5 restored the ability to replicate and prevent host shutoff similar to wild type in SK-N-SH cells; (ii) ICP34.5 restored the replication phenotype to near wild type levels in 3T6 cells; and (iii) ORF P expression had no effect on the replication of these mutants. The characteristics of 1716 is obviously due to the lack of ICP34.5 and ORF P has no role in the characteristics studied. Thus, the function of ORF P still has to be determined. Iran. Biomed. J. 9 (3): 95101, 2005
Construction and screening of a genomic library specific for mouse chromosome 16.

We have established a protocol for producing libraries of specific mouse chromosomes. The mouse DNA-containing clones from a genomic library of a hamster-mouse somatic cell hybrid containing only one mouse chromosome are identified by screening with radiolabeled mouse repetitive sequences after specifically blocking hamster repetitive sequences; 95% of the mouse DNA-containing clones are identified. We have applied this protocol in producing a library of mouse chromosome 16, consisting of 14,200 clones or two "chromosome equivalents. " Each clone occupies an individual well in a microtiter tray, allowing the entire library to be repeatedly and reproducibly plated and analyzed by hybridization. Further, we have established a protocol for making cDNA probes specifically depleted of highly repetitive sequences for probing libraries of genomic clones. By screening the chromosome 16 library with cDNA probes from mouse liver and brain, we demonstrate the feasibility of identifying expressed sequences and characterizing their patterns of expression. Such chromosome-specific libraries can facilitate the isolation of defined genetic loci as well as form the basis for the production of integrated transcriptional, genetic, and physical maps of entire chromosomes.
Simple Fast Algorithms for the Editing Distance Between Trees and Related Problems

Ordered labeled trees are trees in which the left-to-right order among siblings is significant. The distance between two ordered trees is considered to be the weighted number of edit operations (insert, delete, and modify) to transform one tree to another. The problem of approximate tree matching is also considered. Specifically, algorithms are designed to answer the following kinds of questions:1. What is the distance between two trees? 2. What is the minimum distance between $T_1 $ and $T_2 $ when zero or more subtrees can be removed from $T_2 $? 3. Let the pruning of a tree at node n mean removing all the descendants of node n. The analogous question for prunings as for subtrees is answered.A dynamic programming algorithm is presented to solve the three questions in sequential time $O(|T_1 | \times |T_2 | \times \min ({\textit{depth}}(T_1 ),{\textit{leaves}}(T_1 )) \times \min ({\textit{depth}}(T_2 ),{\textit{leaves}}(T_2 )))$ and space $O(|T_1 | \times |T_2 |)$ compared with $O(|T_1 | \times |T_2 | \t.
Characterization of the 23S and 5S rRNA genes of Coxiella burnetii and identification of an intervening sequence within the 23S rRNA gene

Characterization of the rRNA operon from the obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii has determined the order of the rRNA genes to be 16S-23S-5S. A 444-bp intervening sequence (IVS) was identified to interrupt the 23S rRNA gene beginning at position 1176. The IVS is predicted to form a stem-loop structure formed by flanking inverted repeats, and the absence of intact 23S rRNA molecules suggests that the loop is removed. An open reading frame in the IVS has been identified that shows 70% similarity at the amino acid level to IVS open reading frames characterized from four species of Leptospira.
Self-Reported Psychological Well-Being and Disease-Related Strains among Adults with Diabetes

The study was designed to describe self-reported psychological well-being among adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and to explore associations of psychological well-being with disease-related strains, such as self-reported long-term complications, frequency of hypoglycaemia and disablement or sick-leave. A sample comprising 534 Norwegian adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes aged 25-70 years participated in the study. Psychological well-being was assessed using three different scales; the WHO (Ten) Well-Being Index, the Short Zung Depression Rating Scale and four items from the anxiety sub-scale of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Findings indicate that adults with both types of diabetes reported relatively poor psychological well-being. There was a tendency for younger persons to report the worst psychological well-being. For symptoms of anxiety this tendency was most evident among people with Type 2 diabetes. People being disabled due to diabetes reported relatively markedly impaired psychological well-being, whereas self-reported diabetes-related complications and the number of episodes with hypoglycaemia were weakly associated with psychological well-being. Findings may indicate that healthcare practitioners should pay more attention to the psychological needs of people with diabetes. This applies especially to younger people with Type 2 diabetes.
Tuberculosis prevention must integrate technological and basic care innovation

P.H. Mason and colleagues highlight the fact that “new technology alone cannot solve the [tuberculosis] epidemic” and that integrated and community-driven solutions are needed to meet tuberculosis (TB) care and treatment goals. The authors highlight an example of community-wide screening using portable radiography in the pre-antibiotic treatment era, with patients being prescribed rest, diet, exercise and fresh air, leading to a reduction in TB prevalence in the intervention area. We concur with the authors' view that a focus purely on introducing new technologies, be they diagnostics, drugs or vaccines, will not have the desired impact on patient outcomes or public health. In our article, we put forward the proposition that a holistic solution is needed to ensure adequate impact of new diagnostics on patient-important outcomes [1]. For TB patients, especially those with multidrug-resistant disease, who require extremely long and arduous treatment regimens, social support, adequate diet and management of other pre-existing conditions, are essential components of a patient's care, without which patients are unlikely to be successfully treated. Complementary innovations in patient support and technology solutions are needed to end TB http://ow.ly/aUrC304opl8
A Genealogy of Distant Reading

It has recently become common to describe all empirical approaches to literature as subfields of digital humanities. This essay argues that distant reading has a largely distinct genealogy stretching back many decades before the advent of the internet – a genealogy that is not for the most part centrally concerned with computers. It would be better to understand this field as a conversation between literary studies and social science, inititated by scholars like Raymond Williams and Janice Radway, and moving slowly toward an explicitly experimental method. Candor about the social-scientific dimension of distant reading is needed now, in order to refocus a research agenda that can drift into diffuse exploration of digital tools. Clarity on this topic might also reduce miscommunication between distant readers and digital humanists.
Fast normal random number generators on vector processors

We consider pseudo-random number generators suitable for vector processors. In particular, we describe vectorised implementations of the Box-Muller and Polar methods, and show that they give good performance on the Fujitsu VP2200. We also consider some other popular methods, e.g. the Ratio method and the method of Von Neumann and Forsythe, and show why they are unlikely to be competitive with the Polar method on vector processors.
Applying Cognitive Processes to Robotics (TIN 2006-14939)

The main aim of this project is the use of cognitive processes to provide intelligent behaviour to robots, so that they can: reason about what they are identifying while they are navigating, build maps where the most relevant information is included, learn in an intuitive way as human beings do, get useful information from the high amount of data obtained from sensors and to interpret them emotionally, among other things. This report summarizes the most relevant results of our project and discusses the relevance and usefulness of them regarding scientific contribution, technology transfer, personnel training and collaborations with other groups.
Lexical Cohesion Computed by Thesaural relations as an indicator of the structure of text

In text, lexical cohesion is the result of chains of related words that contribute to the continuity of lexical meaning. These lexical chains are a direct result of units of text being "about the same thing," and finding text structure involves finding units of text that are about the same thing. Hence, computing the chains is useful, since they will have a correspondence to the structure of the text. Determining the structure of text is an essential step in determining the deep meaning of the text. In this paper, a thesaurus is used as the major knowledge base for computing lexical chains. Correspondences between lexical chains and structural elements are shown to exist. Since the lexical chains are computable, and exist in non-domain-specific text, they provide a valuable indicator of text structure. The lexical chains also provide a semantic context for interpreting words, concepts, and sentences.
ConAMi: Collaboration Based Content Adaptation Middleware for Pervasive Computing Environment

In this paper, we propose ConAMi, a collaboration - based content adaptation middleware, for a dynamic pervasive computing environment such as a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). ConAMi allows co-located devices to perform content adaptation in collaboration. A content adaptation is done by composing available services in the vicinity. To compose services efficiently, we propose an algorithm that arranges services in a colored tree.
Infliximab Improves Quality of Life in Patients with Crohn's Disease

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of infliximab on quality of life in patients with active Crohn's disease (CD) inadequately responsive to concomitant therapies. MethodsWe examined responses to the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) from patients enrolled in a previously reported, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Patients with active CD received a single intravenous infusion of either placebo or infliximab 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg. Most patients received stable doses of mesalamine, corticosteroids, azathioprine, or 6-mercaptopurine throughout the study. Changes from baseline in overall IBDQ score and individual dimensions at 4 weeks postinfusion were compared. ResultsPatients treated with infliximab had a significantly larger improvement in overall IBDQ score than those treated with placebo at 4 weeks (p < 0.001). Infliximab-treated patients also had larger improvements in all IBDQ dimensions: bowel (p = 0.007), social (p = 0.002), emotional (p < 0.001), and systemic (p < 0.001). A significantly larger proportion of infliximab-treated patients reported having normal or near-normal frequency of bowel movements in the past week (p < 0.001), full or a lot of energy (p = 0.019), and no or hardly any difficulty doing leisure or sports activities (p = 0.011), and being extremely or very satisfied with their personal life (p = 0.046). They also significantly differed in responses regarding fatigue, frustration, ability to work, general well-being, depression, anxiety, and anger resulting from bowel problems. ConclusionsThese results indicate that infliximab significantly improved quality of life in patients with active CD, increasing their ability to work and participate in leisure activities, and decreasing feelings of fatigue, depression, and anger.
Retaliation Against Supervisory Mistreatment: Negative Emotion, Group Membership, and Cross-Cultural Difference.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether negative emotions mediate the relationship between supervisor rudeness and subordinates' retaliatory reactions and how the reactions to supervisor rudeness differ between US Americans and Koreans and between in-group and out-group supervisors. Design/Methodology/Approach – A survey involving 197 employees from USA and South Korea. MANCOVA was used to analyze the data. Findings – Employees who were rudely (rather than politely) treated when receiving explanations for organizational decisions were more likely to engage in retaliation. The latter tendency was partially mediated by the negative emotions that the employees felt about their rude treatment. In addition, the rudeness-retaliation effects became stronger when the supervisor was dissimilar (rather than similar) to them, and the latter two-way interaction effect was even stronger to those who highly value vertical collectivism. Surprisingly, however, Koreans were more likely to retaliate against their supervisor rather than US Americans. Research Limitations/Implications – Previous scenario-based studies contrasting Koreans and US Americans have yielded findings suggesting that Koreans and US American employees may differ in their responses to supervisory rudeness. Additionally, the tendency of people to be more attracted to similar rather than dissimilar others (consistent with the similarity-attraction paradigm) suggests that the (dis)similarity of a supervisor is likely to influence the rudeness-retaliation effect. Future research needs to examine when, how, and why employees retaliate against supervisory rudeness to better understand the retaliation dynamics in organizations. Originality/Value – This is the only study that has examined how, in the context of receiving rude treatment from a supervisor, retaliatory reactions by US American versus Korean employees may differ and why (i.e. via emotional mediating variables), and whether US American-Korean differences in retaliation under these circumstances are influenced by the supervisor's perceived (dis)similarity.
Stromal Genes Add Prognostic Information to Proliferation and Histoclinical Markers: A Basis for the Next Generation of Breast Cancer Gene Signatures

Background First-generation gene signatures that identify breast cancer patients at risk of recurrence are confined to estrogen-positive cases and are driven by genes involved in the cell cycle and proliferation. Previously we induced sets of stromal genes that are prognostic for both estrogen-positive and estrogen-negative samples. Creating risk-management tools that incorporate these stromal signatures, along with existing proliferation-based signatures and established clinicopathological measures such as lymph node status and tumor size, should better identify women at greatest risk for metastasis and death. Methodology/Principal Findings To investigate the strength and independence of the stromal and proliferation factors in estrogen-positive and estrogen-negative patients we constructed multivariate Cox proportional hazards models along with tree-based partitions of cancer cases for four breast cancer cohorts. Two sets of stromal genes, one consisting of DCN and FBLN1, and the other containing LAMA2, add substantial prognostic value to the proliferation signal and to clinical measures. For estrogen receptor-positive patients, the stromal-decorin set adds prognostic value independent of proliferation for three of the four datasets. For estrogen receptor-negative patients, the stromal-laminin set significantly adds prognostic value in two datasets, and marginally in a third. The stromal sets are most prognostic for the unselected population studies and may depend on the age distribution of the cohorts. Conclusion The addition of stromal genes would measurably improve the performance of proliferation-based first-generation gene signatures, especially for older women. Incorporating indicators of the state of stromal cell types would mark a conceptual shift from epithelial-centric risk assessment to assessment based on the multiple cell types in the cancer-altered tissue.
Disrupting Rituals of Debate in the Indian Parliament

Disruptions to debate in India's national parliament by members have generated concern among critics, who have associated disruptions with a larger narrative of the decline of India's political institutions. The violation of debate through disruption is perceived by parliament as a threat to its prestige, legitimacy, and therefore its institutional reproduction. This article discusses institutional responses, which have, however, avoided formally disciplining members and have instead followed a more accommodative, informal approach to managing disruptions. It employs a framework which posits debate as a parliamentary ritual imbued with symbolic significance for both participants (including MPs) and audiences (including citizens, voters, media) and argues that disruption can be viewed as a crucial aspect of the performance of deliberation and representation in parliamentary debates.
Adaptive quaternion control of a miniature tailsitter UAV

The miniature tailsitter is a unique aircraft with inherent advantages over typical unmanned aerial vehicles. With the capabilities of both hover and level flight, these small, portable systems can produce efficient maneuvers for enhanced surveillance and autonomy with little threat to surroundings and the system itself. Such vehicles create control challenges due to the two different flight regimes. These challenges are addressed with a computationally efficient adaptive quaternion control algorithm. A backstepping method for model cancellation and consistent tracking of reference model attitude dynamics is derived. This is used in conjunction with a regularized data-weighting recursive least-squares algorithm for the on-line identification of system parameters. Simulation and hardware results are presented as validation of the technique.