Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methyl 1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate

The title molecule, C5H7N3O2, has an almost planar conformation, with a maximum deviation of 0.043 (3) Å, except for the methyl H atoms. In the crystal structure, intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into layers parallel to the bc plane. Intermolecular π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.685 (2) and 3.697 (2) Å] are observed between the parallel triazole rings.
Unsupervised Text Segmentation for Automated Error Reduction

Challenging the assumption that traditional whitespace/punctuation-based tokenisation is the best solution for any NLP application, I propose an alternative approach to segmenting text into processable units. The proposed approach is nearly knowledge-free, in that it does not rely on language-dependent, man-made resources. The text segmentation approach is applied to the task of automated error reduction in texts with high noise. The results are compared to conventional tokenisation.
F‐actin in guinea pig spermatozoa: Its role in calmodulin translocation during acrosome reaction

The presence of actin has been determined in mammalian spermatozoa. However, its function in these cells is still almost unknown. Only in boar spermatozoa has evidence for F‐actin and a possible function for it been presented. In this work, actin distribution and F‐actin were determined in uncapacitated, capacitated, and acrosomal‐reacted guinea pig spermatozoa, by means of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, and by the use of rhodamine‐phalloidin. With the last probe we found filamentous actin in these cells. By both techniques, actin was detected in the acrosome and in the entire tail. In some cells with acrosomal reaction, actin was also detected in the equatorial and in the postacrosomal regions. SDS‐PAGE and Western blots immunostained with monoclonal and polyclonal anti‐actin antibodies confirmed the presence of actin in extracts of guinea pig spermatozoa. Actin was also detected in preparations of Percoll‐purified spermatozoa. We have communicated that guinea pig spermatozoa show a change on calmodulin location during the acrosome reaction. They present it first in the equatorial region and later in the postacrosomal region. To determine if F‐actin participates in this calmodulin translocation, we studied the effect of cytochalasin D. It was found that the number of cells with calmodulin in the equatorial region increased in the presence of cytochalasin D while the number of cells with calmodulin in the postacrosomal region decreased. We also found that after cytochalasin D treatment acrosome loss was increased and sperm motility was slightly inhibited. Our results suggest that actin participate in calmodulin translocation to the postacrosomal region during acrosome reaction, in maintaining the acrosome structure, and perhaps also in sperm motility. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Attitudes established by classical conditioning.

OSGOOD and Tannenbaum have stated, ". The meaning of a concept is its location in a space denned by some number of factors or dimensions, and attitude toward a concept is its projection onto one of these dimensions defined as 'evaluative' " (9, p. 42). Thus, attitudes evoked by concepts are considered part of the total meaning of the concepts. A number of psychologists, such as Cofer and Foley (1), Mowrer (5), and Osgood (6, 7), to mention a few, view meaning as a response—an implicit response with cue functions which may mediate other responses. A very similar analysis has been made of the concept of attitudes by Doob, who states, " 'An attitude is an implicit response . which is considered socially significant in the individual's society' " (2, p. 144). Doob further emphasizes the learned character of attitudes and states, "The learning process, therefore, is crucial to an understanding of the behavior of attitudes" (2, p. 138). If attitudes are to be considered responses, then the learning process should be the same as for other responses. As an example, the principles of classical conditioning should apply to attitudes. The present authors (12), in three experiments, recently conditioned the evaluative, potency, and activity components of word meaning found by Osgood and Suci (8) to contiguously presented nonsense syllables. The results supported the conception that meaning is a response and, further, indicated that word meaning is composed of components which can be separately conditioned. The present study extends the original experiments by studying the formation of attitudes (evaluative meaning) to socially significant verbal stimuli through classical conditioning. The socially significant verbal stimuli were national names and familiar masculine names. Both of these types of
Ubiquilin-1 Is a Molecular Chaperone for the Amyloid Precursor Protein*

Background: Ubiquilin-1 may contribute to the development of Alzheimer disease; however, the mechanisms are unclear. Results: Ubiquilin-1 functions as a molecular chaperone, binding to and preventing the aggregation of amyloid precursor protein. Conclusion: The molecular chaperone function of ubiquilin-1 contributes to amyloid precursor protein biosynthesis and processing. Significance: Decreased quality control of amyloid precursor protein by ubiquilin-1 may contribute to late onset Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with extracellular deposition of proteolytic fragments of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Although mutations in APP and proteases that mediate its processing are known to result in familial, early onset forms of AD, the mechanisms underlying the more common sporadic, yet genetically complex forms of the disease are still unclear. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the ubiquilin-1 gene have been shown to be genetically associated with AD, implicating its gene product in the pathogenesis of late onset AD. However, genetic linkage between ubiquilin-1 and AD has not been confirmed in studies examining different populations. Here we show that regardless of genotype, ubiquilin-1 protein levels are significantly decreased in late onset AD patient brains, suggesting that diminished ubiquilin function may be a common denominator in AD progression. Our interrogation of putative ubiquilin-1 activities based on sequence similarities to proteins involved in cellular quality control showed that ubiquilin-1 can be biochemically defined as a bona fide molecular chaperone and that this activity is capable of preventing the aggregation of amyloid precursor protein both in vitro and in live neurons. Furthermore, we show that reduced activity of ubiquilin-1 results in augmented production of pathogenic amyloid precursor protein fragments as well as increased neuronal death. Our results support the notion that ubiquilin-1 chaperone activity is necessary to regulate the production of APP and its fragments and that diminished ubiquilin-1 levels may contribute to AD pathogenesis.
Within and Beyond Communities of Practice: Making Sense of Learning Through Participation, Identity and Practice

Situated learning theory offers a radical critique of cognitivist theories of learning, emphasizing the relational aspects of learning within communities of practice in contrast to the individualist assumptions of conventional theories. However, although many researchers have embraced the theoretical strength of situated learning theory, conceptual issues remain undeveloped in the literature. Roberts, for example, argues in this issue that the notion of 'communities of practice' - a core concept in situated learning theory - is itself problematic. To complement her discussion, this paper explores the communities of practice concept from several perspectives. Firstly, we consider the perspective of the individual learner, and examine the processes which constitute 'situated learning'. Secondly, we consider the broader socio-cultural context in which communities of practice are embedded. We argue that the cultural richness of this broader context generates a fluidity and heterogeneity within and beyond communities. Finally, we argue that it is sometimes difficult to distinguish conceptually between the terms 'participation' and 'practice' because of occasional duplication of meaning. We propose, instead, a refinement of the definition to allow for greater conceptual clarity.
Genome Sequence of Lactococcus garvieae IPLA 31405, a Bacteriocin-Producing, Tetracycline-Resistant Strain Isolated from a Raw-Milk Cheese

ABSTRACT This work describes the draft genome sequence of Lactococcus garvieae IPLA 31405, isolated from a traditional Spanish cheese. The genome contains a lactose-galactose operon, a bacteriocin locus, two integrated phages, a transposon harboring an active tet(M) gene, and two theta-type plasmid replicons. Genes encoding virulence factors were not recorded.
A one-dimensional AgI coordination polymer: catena-poly[[[[N′-(4-cyanobenzylidene)nicotinohydrazide]silver(I)]-μ-N′-(4-cyanobenzylidene)nicotinohydrazide] trifluoromethanesulfonate]

In the title compound, {[Ag(C14H10N4O)2]CF3SO3}n, the unique AgI ion is coordinated by two N atoms from two pyridine rings of two independent N′-(4-cyanobenzylidene)nicotinohydrazide ligands and one N atom of a carbonitrile group of a symmetry-related N′-(4-cyanobenzylidene)nicotinohydrazide ligand, forming a distorted T-shaped coordination environment. One of the independent ligands acts as a bridge connecting AgI ions, forming chains along the a axis. In the crystal structure, two neighbouring antiparallel chains are connected through N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In addition, there are relatively short Ag⋯O contacts of 2.723 (3) Å, which connect the chains into a three-dimensional structure.
Refractive index & physical thickness distributions measurement and consideration of dependence of measurement accuracy on scanning interval using low-coherence digital holography

The measurement method of a refractive index distribution and a physical thickness distribution using digital holography with a low-coherent light source is proposed. The introduction of a datum plane enables the simultaneous measurement of a refractive index and a physical thickness distributions. By the optical experiments, the potential of the proposed method is confirmed. For the reduction of measurement time, the relation between stepping intervals of a reference mirror and measurement results are also discussed.
Classical and quantum-inspired Tabu search for solving 0/1 knapsack problem

In this paper, we propose a novel quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm, called quantum-inspired Tabu search (QTS). QTS is based on the classical Tabu search and the characteristic of quantum computation, such as superposition. We will present how we implement QTS to solve 0/1 knapsack problem. Furthermore, the results of experiment are also compared with the original Quantum-inspired Evolutionary Algorithm (QEA)' and the other heuristic algorithms' experimental results. The final outcomes shows that QTS performs much better than the others on 0/1 knapsack problem, without premature convergence and more efficiency.
Smooth operator: Control using the smooth robustness of temporal logic

Modern control systems, like controllers for swarms of quadrotors, must satisfy complex control objectives while withstanding a wide range of disturbances, from bugs in their software to attacks on their sensors and changes in their environments. These requirements go beyond stability and tracking, and involve temporal and sequencing constraints on system response to various events. This work formalizes the requirements as formulas in Metric Temporal Logic (MTL), and designs a controller that maximizes the robustness of the MTL formula. Formally, if the system satisfies the formula with robustness r, then any disturbance of size less than r cannot cause it to violate the formula. Because robustness is not differentiable, this work provides arbitrarily precise, infinitely differentiable, approximations of it, thus enabling the use of powerful gradient descent optimizers. Experiments on a temperature control example and a two-quadrotor system demonstrate that this approach to controller design outperforms existing approaches to robustness maximization based on Mixed Integer Linear Programming and stochastic heuristics. Moreover, it is not constrained to linear systems.
Antennas and Propagation of Implanted RFIDs for Pervasive Healthcare Applications

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a growing technology, with the potential for reducing medical errors and improving the quality of healthcare in hospitals. The benefits include more secure and safe access in the healthcare environment (with the possibility, for example, to track patients, personnel, and equipment), as well as providing the means to easily identify patients and their medications with low risk of error. In this paper, we present an overview of the challenges faced in antenna design, electromagnetic modeling and wave propagation for RFID implants. The performance of ultra-high-frequency (UHF) subcutaneous tag antennas was investigated numerically and validated with measurements. Furthermore, the wave propagation between an off-body reader and an implanted tag was analyzed, in both free space and a scattered indoor environment. Results demonstrated that a passive tag solution allows a very limited communication range, due to the body losses, the electrically small size of the antenna, and nulls in the radiation pattern. In comparison, a maximum communication range of 10 m was predicted as achievable for an active tag operating indoors with a limited power (-20 dBm).
Response to Re: Index cholecystectomy in grade II and III acute calculous cholecystitis is feasible and safe

We read with interest the article by Kamalapurkar et al. extolling the benefits of index cholecystectomy in patients with grade II or III acute calculous cholecystitis. This retrospective study graded the severity of cholecystitis according to the Tokyo Guidelines definition in 229 consecutive patients. Eighty-eight per cent of patients with either grade II or grade III cholecystitis underwent operative intervention during the index admission, and the procedure was completed laparoscopically in 98 and 76%, respectively. However, 27% of patients with grade III cholecystitis had to be converted to an open operation and there was a 9% bile leak rate in this group. The authors alluded to the difficulty of determining operative findings in a retrospective study and concluded that classifying patients with grade II cholecystitis was not reliable. How many of their patients had detailed operative findings recorded in the notes, and did these findings correlate with the grading assigned? This would be helpful to determine whether some of the patients in the ‘grade II’ category were operated on for uncomplicated biliary colic rather than acute cholecystitis. The high conversion rate and subsequent post-operative bile leak rate in this study demonstrates the operative difficulties when dealing with genuine severe acute cholecystitis. The conclusion by Kamalapurkar et al. that emergency cholecystectomy in the setting of severe cholecystitis is safe and technically feasible is not warranted given the data presented. Instead more accurate preoperative assessment tools to triage patients with likely difficult operative pathology are needed. We implore surgeons to systematically document the operative findings during cholecystectomy, ideally using a grading system. This will allow scientific validation of preoperative assessment tools such as the Tokyo Guidelines that might triage patients for safe emergency cholecystectomy.
Identifying and Visualizing the Malicious Insider Threat Using Bipartite Graphs

Government agencies and organizations are just beginning to harness the powerful capabilities of visualization to aid in the prevention, detection, and mitigation of security threats. Most advances in this area have focused on protecting an agency or organization from malicious outsiders. While not a new threat, the malicious insider has recently earned increased focus. This paper investigates methods of classifying and visualizing insider behavior to establish a pattern of acceptable actions based on workgroup role classifications. It then discusses actions as related to identified precursors of malicious activities and provides a simplified example of how visualization can be used to help detect this threat. When visualized using bipartite mappings, behaviors outside the norm can be easily identified and provide an important step in the process of highlighting areas and individuals for further investigation.
Compact ultra-wideband balun filter and its quasi-Yagi antenna application

In this paper, a compact quasi-Yagi antenna with ultra-wideband balun filter is presented. The proposed balun filter is constructed with composite microstrip and slotline resonators. With the excited three resonant modes of slotline resonator and two additional resonant modes of microstrip lines, the balun filter with ultra-wideband response can be realized. Thus, with this proposed ultra-wideband balun filter, the designed quasi-Yagi antenna presents an impedance bandwidth from 5.95 to 10.63 GHz with return loss |S11|> 10 dB, and the antenna gain about 1.8-6.2 dBi of the interested passband can be achieved.
As-index based Collaborative Filtering recommendation algorithm

Most recommendation systems employ Collaborative Filtering (CF) for formulating suggestions of items relevant to users' interests, which commonly uses k-nearest neighbors searching algorithm (kNN) and recommends an item to a user based on the users' rating table. With the users' number increasing, it meets the real-time problem and the scalable problem. In this paper, we propose the original AS-INDEX based CF (ASCF). ASCF firstly proposes the index structure (AS-INDEX) based on angular similarity, which refers to the axis and a reference-line to organize the rating table into some shell-hyper-cones, and linearly stores them. Then it determines the storage location for the active user, making a hyper-cone which takes the line connecting the origin point and the user vector as the axis, and searches the hyper-cone for k-nearest neighbors of the user to do the recommendation. ASCF can improve the performance and solve those current shortcomings. We finally demonstrate that our method outperforms the existing methods through experiments using the Jester's dataset.
Electrical enhancement of biocide efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms

When applied within a low-strength electric field (+/- 12 V/cm) with a low current density (+/- 2.1 mA/cm2), several industrial biocides exhibited enhanced killing action against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown on stainless steel studs. Biocide concentrations lower than those necessary to kill planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa (1, 5, and 10 ppm of the active ingredients of kathon, glutaraldehyde, and quaternary ammonium compound, respectively) were bactericidal within 24 h when applied within our electrified device.
Integrating Fuzzy Delphi with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process for Multiple Criteria Inventory Classification

A systematic approach to the inventory control and classification may have a significant influence on company competitiveness. In practice, all inventories cannot be controlled with equal attention. In order to efficiently control the inventory items and to determine the suitable ordering policies for them, multiple criteria inventory classification is used. In this paper, a systematic and logical approach is structured for multiple criteria inventory classification through integrating Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). Fuzzy Delphi method used to identify the most important and significant criteria and, Fuzzy AHP is used to determine the relative weights of the attributes or criteria, and to classify inventories into different categories. To accredit the proposed model, it is implemented for the 351 raw materials of switch gear section of Energypac Engineering Limited (EEL), a large power engineering company of Bangladesh. Implementation results show that the proposed method can be used in inventory classification.
Which Test Artifacts Testing Service Providers Should Reuse and How? Experiences from a Case Study in the Chinese ICT Sourcing Market

Software testing service providers are facing new requirements to shorten service times, lower costs, and increase service customization and quality. Reuse of test artifacts is a possible solution that can help providers to meet the requirements because reuse can improve software quality and productivity. However, the extant literature does not explain in depth which test artifacts should be reused and how. This paper focuses on ICT-enabled sourcing of software testing services in the Chinese market to identify the most important reusable test artifacts. There are two reasons for this research. First, most Chinese service providers are small or medium-sized and have to overcome obstacles such as the lack of advanced core technologies before they can play important roles in the global sourcing market. Second, testing is one of the best ICT services small- and medium-sized providers can provide to develop domain and technological knowledge required to overcome most obstacles.
Traveling Wave Magnetic Particle Imaging

Most 3-D magnetic particle imaging (MPI) scanners currently use permanent magnets to create the strong gradient field required for high resolution MPI. However, using permanent magnets limits the field of view (FOV) due to the large amount of energy required to move the field free point (FFP) from the center of the scanner. To address this issue, an alternative approach called “Traveling Wave MPI” is here presented. This approach employs a novel gradient system, the dynamic linear gradient array, to cover a large FOV while dynamically creating a strong magnetic gradient. The proposed design also enables the use of a so-called line-scanning mode, which simplifies the FFP trajectory to a linear path through the 3-D volume. This results in simplified mathematics, which facilitates the image reconstruction.
Experimental validation of a modelling approach to predict sound absorption for porous asphalt roads

Tyre-road noise is a serious problem. One of the parameters to reduce the noise radiation is the sound absorption coefficient of the road, which is (partly) determined by properties such as the porosity of the road, the size and shape of the stones. In this study, a novel `hybrid' (analytical/numerical) model is used to predict the three-dimensional sound field in and above porous structures -- modelled as rigid granular structures -- and to predict the absorption coefficient for oblique incident sound waves. In this modelling approach, the air inside the pores of the structure is considered, including viscothermal effects in the pores and scattering of the sound waves due to the, assumed, rigid granular structure, representing the pavement. In this paper, the validation of the hybrid (analytical/numerical) modelling approach with impedance tube measurements for normal incident sound waves is described for two three-dimensional configurations. It is concluded that this novel hybrid modelling approach has been validated with good results for normal incident plane waves.
Rules Versus Evidence in Memory and Non-Memory Decision-Making

Recent research using functional magnetic resonance imaging has revealed that memory retrieval often places considerable demands on the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a region known to underpin complex decision-making. Regional dissociations within PFC suggest that memory retrieval recruits several decision processes shared with complex decision making in non-memory domains. Here we briefly review data highlighting the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during memory and non-memory judgments, which suggest that dlPFC is sensitive to decision complexity during memory retrieval. As decision complexity increases, decision-makers may be more susceptible to stress and/or fatigue with consequent failures of memory judgment.