Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metodología para la estimación de indicadores armonizados a partir de los inventarios forestales nacionales europeos con especial énfasis en la biodiversidad forestal

ix CAPÍTULO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN . 1 1.1. Las necesidades de información forestal. Requerimientos nacionales e internacionales . 3 1.2. Los Inventarios Forestales Nacionales. 6 1.3. Necesidades de armonización de los inventarios forestales nacionales . 12 1.4. Biodiversidad forestal . 16 1.5. La estimación de la biodiversidad forestal en el Inventario Forestal Nacional español . 17 1.6. Referencias bibliográficas . 19 CAPÍTULO 2. OBJETIVOS . 25 2.1. Objetivos principales y objetivos específicos . 27 2.2. Justificación . 28 CAPÍTULO 3. METODOLOGÍA PARA LA ESTIMACIÓN DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD FORESTAL EN EL INVENTARIO FORESTAL NACIONAL . 31 3.1. Resumen . 33 3.2. Introducción. 34 3.3. Estimación de la biodiversidad en el IFN-3. Metodología, variables e indicadores seleccionados . 39 3.4. Aplicación de la metodología a Álava y análisis comparativo de los indicadores del IFN3 . 48 3.4. 1. Resultados de la aplicación de la metodología de estimación de la biodiversidad a la provincia de Álava . 49 3.4. 2. Análisis comparativo de los indicadores . 57
The Job Self-Efficacy and Job Involvement of Clinical Nursing Teachers

&NA; This paper explored the present status of self-efficacy and job involvement of clinical nursing teachers and investigated the predictive power of teachers' personal background variables on such, as well as the relationship between self-efficacy and job involvement. A total of 419 participants in the survey sample were chosen among clinical nursing teachers at 19 public and private institutes of technology and junior colleges in Taiwan in 2004. The self-developed structural questionnaire was categorized into three sections, including personal background data, job self-efficacy related to the clinical teaching inventory and job involvement related to clinical teaching inventory. Of the total 419 questionnaires distributed for this cross-sectional survey, 266 valid copies were registered, at a recovery rate of 63%. Findings indicated that both the job self-efficacy and job involvement of clinical nursing teachers are at a medium to high level and that significant differences exist in job self-efficacy and job involvement based on differences in age, marital status, teaching seniority, teacher qualifications, and job satisfaction. Second, samples have significantly different performance in self-efficacy due to differences in education level attained and the medical institution to which nursing teachers had been assigned. Self-efficacy and job involvement are significantly positively correlated. These results can serve as a reference for the cultivation of nursing teachers and reform of clinical nursing education in the future.
Molecular analysis and characterization of the Cochliobolus heterostrophus bb -tubulin gene and its possible role in conferring resistance to benomyl

the -tubulin gene, Cochliobolus heterostrophus Tub1 described here is the ﬁrst bb -tubulin gene characterized from a naturally occurring benomyl-resistant ascomycete plant pathogen. The gene encodes a protein of 447 amino acids. The coding region of Tub1 is interrupted by three introns, of 116, 55, and 56 nt, sit-uated after codons 4, 12, and 53, respectively. As a result of the preference for pyrimidines in the third position of the codons when a choice exists between purines and pyrimidines, codon usage in the Tub1 gene is biased. Tub1 shows high homology with bb -tubulin genes of other ascomycete species. However, Tub1 is exceptional in having Tyr 167 , compared with Phe 167 , possessed by bb -tubu-lin genes of other ascomycetes sequenced thus far. The Tyr 167 residue has been associated with benomyl resistance in other organisms. In contrast, all other benomyl-implicated residues of Tub1 correspond to sensitivity. Based on these results, we suggest that benomyl resistance in the fungus probably is attributed to Tyr
Discovery of Kolmogorov Scaling in the Natural Language

We consider the rate R and variance σ 2 of Shannon information in snippets of text based on word frequencies in the natural language. We empirically identify Kolmogorov’s scaling law in σ 2 ∝ k - 1 . 66 ± 0 . 12 (95% c.l.) as a function of k = 1 / N measured by word count N. This result highlights a potential association of information flow in snippets, analogous to energy cascade in turbulent eddies in fluids at high Reynolds numbers. We propose R and σ 2 as robust utility functions for objective ranking of concordances in efficient search for maximal information seamlessly across different languages and as a starting point for artificial attention.
Design considerations for proteomic reference materials

In order to improve the repeatability, comparability, and accuracy of MS‐based proteomic measurements, there has been considerable international effort to develop appropriate reference materials. Although the majority of reference materials are developed to support measurement quality of routine assays, the development of reference materials for a diverse and changing research field such as proteomics represents unique challenges. In order to define common measurement components and common features of typical proteomic samples, the metrology underpinning proteomics must be considered due to the diversity and changing nature of the field. Reference materials can then be designed around common aspects in order to produce reference materials with the broadest applicability. Reference materials are needed to support both qualitative and quantitative proteomic measurements, involving different design considerations. Consensus and validated statistical approaches to describe the confidence in qualitative measurement, such as protein identification, needs to be established. Common sources of measurement bias also need to be considered in proteomic reference material design.
Energy Efficient Composite Event Detection along with Sleep-Awake Policy in WSN

In WSN, for composite event detection some protocol sends all the sensed data to the sink for further processing which causes huge data exchange, unnecessary network traffic and energy consumption. This reduces the energy level of the battery powered sensor nodes and it is often very difficult to change or recharge batteries for these nodes. In most of event monitoring scenarios, users only want to know the event of interest rather than all the events sensed by the sensors. So the sensor should forward a single decision packet corresponding to event of interest rather than forwarding for all. Thus reduced data volume minimizes overall energy consumption of the nodes in the wireless sensor network. To handle these issues, this composite event detection protocol take decision cooperatively among the sensor nodes and only one decision packet is forwarded to sink with sleep-awake policy. This reduces power consumption of the nodes. Further the decision packet is routed such that the node which has maximum battery power and which is closest to sink will be selected as the next hop. This minimizes the rate of failure of link due to node failure thus improved life time of the network and efficient use of energy is achieved. General Terms – Algorithm, sleep-awake policy.
Highly conserved nucleotide phosphatase essential for membrane lipid homeostasis in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Proteins belonging to the DHH family, a member of the phosphoesterase superfamily, are produced by most bacterial species. While some of these proteins are well studied in Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, their functions in Streptococcus pneumoniae remain unclear. Recently, the highly conserved DHH subfamily 1 protein PapP (SP1298) has been reported to play an important role in virulence. Here, we provide a plausible explanation for the attenuated virulence of the papP mutant. Recombinant PapP specifically hydrolyzed nucleotides 3′‐phosphoadenosine‐5′‐phosphate (pAp) and 5′‐phosphoadenylyl‐(3′−>5′)‐adenosine (pApA). Deletion of papP, potentially leading to pAp/pApA accumulation, resulted in morphological defects and mis‐localization of several cell division proteins. Incubation with both polar solvent and detergent led to robust killing of the papP mutant, indicating that membrane integrity is strongly affected. This is in line with previous studies showing that pAp inhibits the ACP synthase, an essential enzyme involved in lipid precursor production. Remarkably, partial inactivation of the lipid biosynthesis pathway, by inhibition of FabF or depletion of FabH, phenocopied the papP mutant. We conclude that pAp and pApA phosphatase activity of PapP is required for maintenance of membrane lipid homeostasis providing an explanation how inactivation of this protein may attenuate pneumococcal virulence.
Novel UWB Transceiver for WBAN Networks: A Study on AWGN Channels

A novel ultra‐wideband (UWB) transceiver structure is presented to be used in wireless body area networks (WBANs). In the proposed structure, a data channel and a control channel are combined into a single transmission signal. In the signal, a modulation method mixing pulse position modulation and pulse amplitude modulation is proposed. A mathematical framework calculating the power spectrum density of the proposed pulse‐based signal evaluates its coexistence with conventional radio systems. The transceiver structure is discussed, and the receiving performance is investigated in the additive white Gaussian noise channel. It is demonstrated that the proposed scheme is easier to match to the UWB emission mask than conventional UWB systems. The proposed scheme achieves the data rate requirement of WBAN; the logical control channel achieves better receiving performance than the logical data channel, which is useful for controlling and maintaining networks. The proposed scheme is also easy to implement.
A Role for Auditory Corticothalamic Feedback in the Perception of Complex Sounds

Feedback signals from the primary auditory cortex (A1) can shape the receptive field properties of neurons in the ventral division of the medial geniculate body (MGBv). However, the behavioral significance of corticothalamic modulation is unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of this descending pathway in the perception of complex sounds. We tested the ability of adult female ferrets to detect the presence of a mistuned harmonic in a complex tone using a positive conditioned go/no-go behavioral paradigm before and after the input from layer VI in A1 to MGBv was bilaterally and selectively eliminated using chromophore-targeted laser photolysis. MGBv neurons were identified by their short latencies and sharp tuning curves. They responded robustly to harmonic complex tones and exhibited an increase in firing rate and temporal pattern changes when one frequency component in the complex tone was mistuned. Injections of fluorescent microbeads conjugated with a light-sensitive chromophore were made in MGBv, and, following retrograde transport to the cortical cell bodies, apoptosis was induced by infrared laser illumination of A1. This resulted in a selective loss of ∼60% of layer VI A1-MGBv neurons. After the lesion, mistuning detection was impaired, as indicated by decreased d′ values, a shift of the psychometric curves toward higher mistuning values, and increased thresholds, whereas discrimination performance was unaffected when level cues were also available. Our results suggest that A1-MGBv corticothalamic feedback contributes to the detection of harmonicity, one of the most important grouping cues in the perception of complex sounds. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Perception of a complex auditory scene is based on the ability of the brain to group those sound components that belong to the same source and to segregate them from those belonging to different sources. Because two people talking simultaneously may differ in their voice pitch, perceiving the harmonic structure of sounds is very important for auditory scene analysis. Here we demonstrate mistuning sensitivity in the thalamus and that feedback from the primary auditory cortex is required for the normal ability of ferrets to detect a mistuned harmonic within a complex sound. These results provide novel insight into the function of descending sensory pathways in the brain and suggest that this corticothalamic circuit plays an important role in scene analysis.
A multilevel study of smoking among youths in school at Buriram Province.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine status of smoking among youths in school and to identify both student-level and school-level factors on smoking. MATERIAL AND METHOD A stratified two stage cluster sampling was employed to recruit 2,557 students in grades 10-12 and 30 teachers from 30 high schools in academic years 2010 in Buriram province, using a multilevel logistic analysis. RESULTS The current smoking status was 9.0% overall, 19.0% and 1.3% for male and female respectively. The results from multilevel logistic analysis revealed that only 10.5% of variation in smoking was associated with difference in school characteristics. The following student-level factors entered into the multilevel logistic regression model according to their importance were self-efficacy-with the moderate and low self-efficacy having a higher risk of smoking compared with high (OR 8.76, 5.80)-alcohol drinking (OR 5.42). Males were more likely to smoke than females (OR 4.56), perceived benefit on non-smoking-with the moderate and low perception having a greater chance of smoking compared with the higher level of perception (OR 2.31, 1.93). School-level factors including type of school, health promoting school policy, student-teacher ratio, proportion of teachers who smoked and availability of cigarettes near the school were also taken into account, but were not related to the status of smoking among the students. CONCLUSION The present study confirmed that school factors had no significant relationship to smoking among youths. Strict smoke-free policy at school is recommended. School program should focus more on self-efficacy Social marketing campaign/ education should focus on friends and family as non-smoking role models.
Analysing Research Collaboration On The Micro Level - The Perspective Of Individual Scholars In The IS Discipline

Virtual organisation of work is not unproblematic. An extensive body of research exists on topics like virtual teams in enterprise contexts. Similarly, in a scientific context many studies analyse collaboration among scholars. However, most studies here focus on the macro level (e.g. policy issues and the organisation of research projects). The role of the individual scholar in this is vastly ignored. I present observations from a qualitative study investigating research collaboration in taking the perspective of individual scholars in the IS discipline. I explore the different contexts of interaction in which scholars execute collaboration, and also the emergence of scholars’ individual social networks. Further I analyse tool usage, specifically focusing on Social Software, which, comparable to enterprise contexts, is gaining increasing attention in the academic context. Based on my observations I present two sets of propositions aiming at the emergence of a scholar’s professional social network and an adequate usage of tools for supporting collaboration.
The 3rd dimension of CHI (3DCHI): touching and designing 3D user interfaces

In recent years 3D has gained increasing amount of attention - interactive visualization of 3D data has become increasingly important and widespread due to the requirements of several application areas, and entertainment industry has brought 3D experience to the reach of wide audiences through games, 3D movies and stereoscopic displays. However, current user interfaces (UIs) often lack adequate support for 3D interactions: 2D metaphors still dominate in GUI design, 2D desktop systems are often limited in cases where natural interaction with 3D content is required, and sophisticated 3D user interfaces consisting of stereoscopic projections and tracked input devices are rarely adopted by ordinary users. In the future, novel interaction design solutions are needed to better support the natural interaction and utilize the special features of 3D technologies. In this workshop we address the research and industrial challenges involved in exploring the space where the flat digital world of surface computing meets the physical, spatially complex, 3D space in which we live. The workshop will provide a common forum for researchers to share their visions of the future and recent results in the area of improving 3D interaction and UI design.
Cost–effectiveness of varicella vaccination programs: an update of the literature

Varicella is one of the most common infectious diseases in childhood, caused by the varicella zoster virus. Although vaccines are available, there are only a few countries with an early-childhood vaccination program. Most countries mainly focus on vaccination of high-risk groups, such as susceptible healthcare workers. One of the main concerns with a routine early-childhood vaccination program is a potential (temporal) increase of the incidence of herpes zoster among elderly adults. In this review, we focus on the cost–effectiveness of varicella vaccination and on the methodology used in the health–economic studies. In particular, we focus on the perspective adopted, type of model used, the modeled effect on herpes zoster, the vaccine efficacy and price, and on the value of time lost by infection. The vast majority of studies show vaccination of high-risk groups – including susceptible adolescents – to be cost saving. Routine early-childhood vaccination programs are always cost saving if indirect costs of production losses are included, or cost effective, as long as the potential negative effects on zoster are not taken into account. We note that most studies included in the review used old vaccine prices and a single dose of the varicella vaccine, whereas multiple doses are now becoming the standard. Despite that, those aspects limit the timeliness of our review and we believe that the current work does provide useful insights in the cost–effectiveness of varicella vaccination.
Effects of various cryopreservation media and freezing–thawing on the morphology of rat testicular biopsies

Summary. Currently, testicular sperm extraction is successfully combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection into the oocyte (ICSI). Several pieces of a testicular biopsy can be frozen and thawed until the ICSI attempt. In this study, the effects of freezing–thawing on the morphology of rat testicular biopsies stored in different cryopreservation media were analysed. Each cryopreservation medium contained glycerol and/or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as cryoprotectants. In general, both glycerol and DMSO, when applied at moderate concentrations (6–25%), preserved the structure of the seminiferous epithelium. The freezing–thawing procedure had no significant effect on tubular diameter; however, it caused a ‘folding’ of the lamina propria and notable damage to Sertoli cells, spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Round and elongated spermatids and spermatozoa displayed occasional nuclear damage, vacuolization, and shrinkage/swelling of the cytoplasm. However, the vast majority of these cells maintained their normal structure in nearly all the applied cryomedia. It is concluded that freezing–thawing of testicular biopsies, and the cryopreservation medium, have a significant impact on the structure of the seminiferous epithelium, particularly on its basal compartment.
Design of planar varactors based on ferroelectric thick-films

This paper analyzes design routines for their suitability in the design of tunable capacitances (varactors) based on the Barium-Strontium-Titanate (BST) thick-film technology, concerning their static and dynamic description of the component's properties. After a short introduction of the thickfilm process the design rules for planar varactors are discussed in detail. Especially, a guideline for maximizing the tunability of the component is discussed by choosing the right geometry parameters.
Autonomous vehicle based in cooperative GPS and inertial systems

SUMMARY A system including Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and digital cartography is a good solution to carry out vehicle's guidance. However, it has inconveniences like high sensibility to multipath and interference when the GPS signal is blocked by external agents. Another system is mandatory to avoid this error. This paper presents a cooperative system based on GPS and Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) for automated vehicle position. The control system includes a decision unit to choose which value is the correct. In case GPS is working at top precision, it takes the control. On the other part, GPS signal can be lost and inertial control system guides the car in this occasion. A third possibility is contemplated: we receive the signal from GPS but the accuracy is over one meter. Now, position value is obtained by means of both systems. Experimental results analyze two situations: guidance in an urban area where GPS signal can be occluded by buildings or trees during short time intervals and the possibility of loss of the signal in long time to simulate the circulation in tunnels. Good results have been observed in tests and it demonstrates how a cooperative system improves the automated vehicle guidance.
Clinician Screening and Treatment of Alcohol, Drug, and Mental Problems in Primary Care: Results From Healthcare for Communities

Objective:We sought to estimate national rates of screening and treatment of alcohol, drug, and mental (ADM) problems in primary care. Design:This was a cross-sectional survey administered from 1997 to 1998. Participants:Our study included a nationally representative household probability sample of 7301 primary care patients. Measurement:We used patient self-reports from a telephone survey to estimate rates of screening and treatment of common ADM problems, to examine the types of screening and treatment received, and to investigate adherence with treatment recommendations. Covariates included measures of ADM conditions, physical health, and sociodemographic indicators. Results:Among adult primary care patients, 38.6% (95% confidence intervals [CI] 37.2–40.0) reported clinician screening for an ADM problem. Alcohol or drug screening occurred more frequently (28.3%; 95% CI 27.0–29.6) than screening for depression and anxiety (21.2%; 95% CI 20.1–22.2). Among those screened, 30.1% (95% CI; 27.8–32.4) reported ADM treatment in primary care. Medications (16.4%; 95% CI 14.3–18.5) and counseling (18.2%; 95% CI 16.1–20.3) were the most common treatments. Rates of screening were higher among individuals with ADM disorders, the young and middle aged, and the college educated. Treatment rates were higher among individuals with ADM disorders. Conclusions:Substantial effort is expended screening and treating common ADM problems in primary care, and these efforts are targeted towards those with ADM disorders. However, only about half of individuals with an ADM disorder report being screened, and among this group, about 60% report receiving any treatment.