Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigations into emotion regulation difficulties among adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder: A qualitative study

ABSTRACT Background Emotion regulation difficulties have been associated with depression and anxiety in typically developing individuals. However, until recently, the impact of emotion regulation difficulties for adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has received little attention. We investigated emotion regulation difficulties from the perspective of those who would experience the sequelae. This included parents, teachers, and psychologists. Method Seven focus groups with parents, teachers, and psychologists, and 7 interviews with adolescents and young adults with ASD were conducted. Results Across the groups, participants discussed their triggers of distressing emotions, difficulties with emotional awareness, emotion regulation strategies, and the consequences of their distressing emotions. Both depression and anxiety were perceived as the most experienced distressing issues with the greatest consequences. Conclusions The implications of the themes revealed in the interviews and focus groups are discussed in light in previous literature and may help to inform future interventions.
Expression of alternative oxidase in Drosophila ameliorates diverse phenotypes due to cytochrome oxidase deficiency

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a significant factor in human disease, ranging from systemic disorders of childhood to cardiomyopathy, ischaemia and neurodegeneration. Cytochrome oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is a frequent target. Lower eukaryotes possess alternative respiratory-chain enzymes that provide non-proton-translocating bypasses for respiratory complexes I (single-subunit reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenases, e.g. Ndi1 from yeast) or III + IV [alternative oxidase (AOX)], under conditions of respiratory stress or overload. In previous studies, it was shown that transfer of yeast Ndi1 or Ciona intestinalis AOX to Drosophila was able to overcome the lethality produced by toxins or partial knockdown of complex I or IV. Here, we show that AOX can provide a complete or substantial rescue of a range of phenotypes induced by global or tissue-specific knockdown of different cIV subunits, including integral subunits required for catalysis, as well as peripheral subunits required for multimerization and assembly. AOX was also able to overcome the pupal lethality produced by muscle-specific knockdown of subunit CoVb, although the rescued flies were short lived and had a motility defect. cIV knockdown in neurons was not lethal during development but produced a rapidly progressing locomotor and seizure-sensitivity phenotype, which was substantially alleviated by AOX. Expression of Ndi1 exacerbated the neuronal phenotype produced by cIV knockdown. Ndi1 expressed in place of essential cI subunits produced a distinct residual phenotype of delayed development, bang sensitivity and male sterility. These findings confirm the potential utility of alternative respiratory chain enzymes as tools to combat mitochondrial disease, while indicating important limitations thereof.
Preliminary Performance Evaluation of Admission Control in Load Control Pre-Congestion Notification ( LC-PCN )

The Differentiated Service (DS) framework has been developed by the Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF) to provide Quality of Service (QoS) on the Internet. Load Control Pre-Congestion Notification (LC-PCN) is a measurement based DiffServ implementation that uses Admission Control and Flow Termination to control the load in a domain. In this paper a preliminary performance evaluation of Admission Control in LC-PCN is presented. The Admission Control algorithm performs well. It is accurate and prevents packet loss in admitted flows.
The presence of lateral photophores correlates with increased speciation in deep-sea bioluminescent sharks

The vast majority of species within the lanternshark genus Etmopterus harbour complex luminescent markings on their flanks, whose functional significance has long remained obscure. Recent studies, however, suggest these enigmatic photophore aggregations to play a role in intraspecific communication. Using visual modelling based on in vivo luminescence measurements from a common lanternshark species, we show that etmopterid flank markings can potentially work as a medium range signal for intraspecific detection/recognition. In addition, using molecular phylogenetic analyses, we demonstrate that the Etmopterus clade exhibits a greater than expected species richness given its age. This is not the case for other bioluminescent shark clades with no (or only few) species with flank markings. Our results therefore suggest that etmopterid flank markings may provide a way for reproductive isolation and hence may have facilitated speciation in the deep-sea.
Adaptive Message Update for Fast Affinity Propagation

Affinity Propagation is a clustering algorithm used in many applications. It iteratively updates messages between data points until convergence. The message updating process enables Affinity Propagation to have higher clustering quality compared with other approaches. However, its computation cost is high; it is quadratic in the number of data points. This is because it updates the messages of all data point pairs. This paper proposes an efficient algorithm that guarantees the same clustering results as the original algorithm. Our approach, F-AP, is based on two ideas: (1) it computes upper and lower estimates to limit the messages to be updated in each iteration, and (2) it dynamically detects converged messages to efficiently skip unneeded updates. Experiments show that F-AP is much faster than previous approaches with no loss in clustering performance.
Optimized DVFS Policies for Multi-Core Real-Time Embedded Systems

Energy consumption reduction is central to the design of modern embedded systems. Consequently, modern processors are equipped with software controlled mechanisms such as DVFS to allow the operating system to reduce the power consumption while meeting the required performance. This work presents two new policies for DVFS configuration which take into account the limited core DVFS range. Based on these policies we develop an OS scheduling algorithm for single and multiple simultaneous multi-threading (SMT) cores based embedded systems employing periodic real-time application. For a single SMT core, our new DVFS policies and corresponding scheduling algorithms consume 10%-50% less energy than current common algorithms. For CMP, we show that the optimal number of active cores can be derived by our analysis. The resulted scheduling algorithm can reduce the energy consumption by at least 10% when applied for realtime applications.
Calibration and comparison of schema matchers

Schemas used in various environments become more and more numerous, though they do not comply to a universal standard. That is why the task of schema matching has emerged and its main objective is to find means to map a schema into another. Several initiations have occurred and algorithms have been proposed to solve the problem. They muster highly enticing solutions, though they have several flaws. We have reviewed the available algorithms and implemented some of them. We found that the accuracy of these solutions is strongly dependent on some well definable matcher characteristics, so if we calibrate the matchers they perform a lot better. Taking into account this fact we cannot compare matchers until after the necessary calibration. We propose matcher independent procedures and mathematical formulas to perform the highly desirable pre-run configuration of candidate solutions. The necessity of calibration implies that the unbiased comparison of solutions is not possible until the configuration is performed. We also introduce the technique of multiple thresholding which promises a better view of the result list returned by the individual matchers.
Mixed raster content (MRC) model for compound image compression

This paper will describe the Mixed Raster Content (MRC) method for compressing compound images, containing both binary test and continuous-tone images. A single compression algorithm that simultaneously meets the requirements for both text and image compression has been elusive. MRC takes a different approach. Rather than using a single algorithm, MRC uses a multi-layered imaging model for representing the results of multiple compression algorithms, including ones developed specifically for text and for images. As a result, MRC can combine the best of existing or new compression algorithms and offer different quality-compression ratio tradeoffs. The algorithms used by MRC set the lower bound on its compression performance. Compared to existing algorithms, MRC has some image-processing overhead to manage multiple algorithms and the imaging model. This paper will develop the rationale for the MRC approach by describing the multi-layered imaging model in light of a rate-distortion trade-off. Results will be presented comparing images compressed using MRC, JPEG and state-of-the-art wavelet algorithms such as SPIHT. MRC has been approved or proposed as an architectural model for several standards, including ITU Color Fax, IETF Internet Fax, and JPEG 2000.
Fast and Realistic 3D Face Reconstruction from a Set of Views for Multimedia Applications

Acquisition and real-time reconstruction of a detailed 3D model of a face raises a great deal of interest due to modern multimedia applications: Advanced tasks, like video-conferences set in a virtual round table, biometrical recognition systems, multi-player video-games, etc. etc. requires affordable systems to extract the 3D facial information from the environment and for its processing. The approach that we propose here is derived from classical depth-map estimation algorithms based on multi-camera acquisition but the redefinition of typical energy terms makes minimization procedure much more fast and accurate. Traditionally these approaches are, time consuming, particularly when the accuracy is an issue. For this reason we adapted a classical approach for depth-maps reconstruction to obtain faithful facial models very quickly with millimetric precision. In particular our revisited approach is based on a global energy minimizer derived from graph-cuts algorithms that can be used to speed up the image-based modeling process while guaranteeing an accurate reconstruction. The final result is a detailed 3D texture-mapped VRML model of the acquired face, which can be easily integrated into other applications.
Identifying Focus , Techniques and Domain of Scientific Papers

The dynamics of a research community can be studied by extracting information from its publications. We propose a system for extracting detailed information, such as main contribution, techniques used and the problems addressed, from scientific papers. Such information cannot be extracted using approaches that assume that words are independent of each other in a document. We use dependency trees, which give rich information about structure of a sentence, and extract relevant information from them by matching semantic patterns. We then study how the computational linguistics community and its sub-fields are changing over the years w.r. t. their focus, methods used and domain problems described in the papers. We get sub-fields of the community by using the topics obtained by applying Latent Dirichlet Allocation to text of the papers. We also find “innovative” phrases in each category for each year.
A Performance Study of Data Mining Techniques: Multiple Linear Regression vs. Factor Analysis

The growing volume of data usually creates an interesting challenge for the need of data analysis tools that discover regularities in these data. Data mining has emerged as disciplines that contribute tools for data analysis, discovery of hidden knowledge, and autonomous decision making in many application domains. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of two data mining techniques viz., factor analysis and multiple linear regression for different sample sizes on three unique sets of data. The performance of the two data mining techniques is compared on following parameters like mean square error (MSE), R-square, R-Square adjusted, condition number, root mean square error(RMSE), number of variables included in the prediction model, modified coefficient of efficiency, F-value, and test of normality. These parameters have been computed using various data mining tools like SPSS, XLstat, Stata, and MS-Excel. It is seen that for all the given dataset, factor analysis outperform multiple linear regression. But the absolute value of prediction accuracy varied between the three datasets indicating that the data distribution and data characteristics play a major role in choosing the correct prediction technique.
Control of programmed cyclin destruction in a cell-free system

To ask what controls the periodic accumulation and destruction of the mitotic across the cell cycle, we have developed a cell-free system from clam embryos that reproduces several aspects of cyclin behavior. One or more rounds of cyclin proteolysis and resynthesis occur in vitro, and the destruction of the cyclins is highly specific. The onset, duration, and extent of cyclin destruction and the appropriately stagered disappearance of cyclin A and cyclin B are correctly regulated during the first cycle in the cell-free system. Just as in intact cells, lysates made from early interphase cells require further protein synthesis to reach the cyclin destruction point, and lysates made from later stages do not. Using the cell-free system we show that cyclin disappearance requires ATP and Mg2+. By combining lysates from different cell cycle stages, we show that (a) interphase lysates do not contain a dominant inhibitor of cyclin destruction and (b) the timing of cyclin destruction is determined by the cell cycle stage of the cytoplasm rather than the cell cycle stage of the substrate cyclins themselves. Among a large variety of agents tested, only a few affect cyclin destruction. Tosyl-lysine chlormethyl ketone (TLCK, a protease inhibitor), 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP, a kinase inhibitor), certain sulfhydryl-blocking agents, ZnCl2 and EDTA (but not EGTA) completely block cyclin destruction in vitro. Addition of 1 mM Ca2+ to the cell- free system has no effect on cyclin stability, but 5 mM Ca2+ leads to the rapid destruction of cyclins and a small number of other proteins.
Next generation filtering: Offline filtering enhanced proxy architecture for web content filtering

Most of available web filters especially parental controls work inline meaning that all outgoing and incoming packets are passed through a filter driver. This approach widely used in parental control applications because they mostly use blacklist, whitelist approach and defense of the applications to bypass the filter easily. Online content filtering along with its own benefits has a big flaw; filtering process affects data transfer throughput. Also this method suffers from being poor to analyze HTTP/HTTPS traffic like html reconstruction, HTML encoding, object analysis, text classifying, image analysis, analyzing HTTPS. Online content filtering is not effective if network traffic is encrypted and cannot be decrypted by the online content filter or more generally, if the traffic is in a form that the online content filter cannot interpret correctly. One of the other disadvantages identified in this work was: packet filter doesnpsilat analyze the contents of a packet; it decides whether to pass it based on the packets addressing information. Accelerating content filtering by only examining Web content is major method used. This architecture proposed in this work use offline filtering and proxy as a synergistic approach. By this way filtering process and data transfer acts independently. This work presents a simple, but effective framework to accelerate the filtering process by examining only part of the Web content. The framework can make the filtering decision, either to block or to pass the Web content. The proposed framework can be used as a gateway, as an agent based content filter or a parental control framework.
Development and initial testing of a measure of person-directed care.

PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to empirically test items of a new measure designed to assess person-directed care (PDC) practices in long-term care. DESIGN AND METHODS After reviewing the literature, we identified five areas related to PDC: personhood, comfort care, autonomy, knowing the person, and support for relationships. We also identified an additional component of environmental support. We developed items to reflect the constructs, and then a series of lay and professional experts in the field reviewed the items for face validity. We distributed the resulting 64-item PDC and Environmental Support for PDC measure to direct care workers and nursing, administrative, and other staff from a range of long-term settings across Oregon, culminating in a sample size of 430 participants from eight sites. We employed exploratory factor analyses to reveal the underlying structure of the measure. RESULTS After we dropped 14 items from the measure, it attained good simple structure, revealing five PDC constructs as previously theorized and three Environmental Support constructs: Support for Work With Residents; Person-Directed Environment for Residents, and Management/Structural Support. All constructs were conceptually distinct and internally consistent, and, as expected, all were positively correlated. IMPLICATIONS The PDC measurement tool developed through the Better Jobs Better Care demonstration program funded by the Atlantic Philanthropies and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation is an important step toward operationalizing the philosophies inherent in the concepts of PDC and is expected to be a useful tool in evaluating successes in meeting PDC goals and in prompting further research regarding PDC and its consequences for resident and client outcomes.
A dynamic Bayesian Markov model for phasing and characterizing haplotypes in next-generation sequencing

MOTIVATION Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have enabled whole-genome discovery and analysis of genetic variants in many species of interest. Individuals are often sequenced at low coverage for detecting novel variants, phasing haplotypes and inferring population structures. Although several tools have been developed for SNP and genotype calling in NGS data, haplotype phasing is often done separately on the called genotypes. RESULTS We propose a dynamic Bayesian Markov model (DBM) for simultaneous genotype calling and haplotype phasing in low-coverage NGS data of unrelated individuals. Our method is fully probabilistic that produces consistent inference of genotypes, haplotypes and recombination probabilities. Using data from the 1000 Genomes Project, we demonstrate that DBM not only yields more accurate results than some popular methods, but also provides novel characterization of haplotype structures at the individual level for visualization, interpretation and comparison in downstream analysis. DBM is a powerful and flexible tool that can be applied to many sequencing studies. Its statistical framework can also be extended to accommodate broader scopes of data. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION http://stat.psu. edu/∼yuzhang/software/dbm.tar. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Unique developmental patterns of GABAergic neurons in rat spinal cord

γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons have been postulated to compose an important component of local circuits in the adult spinal cord, yet their identity and axonal projections have not been well defined. We have found that, during early embryonic ages (E12–E16), both glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) and GABA were expressed in cell bodies and growing axons, whereas at older ages (E17–P28), they were localized primarily in terminal‐like structures. To determine whether these developmental changes in GAD65 and GABA were due to an intracellular shift in the distribution pattern of GAD proteins, we used a spinal cord slice model. Initial experiments demonstrated that the pattern of GABAergic neurons within organotypic cultures mimicked the expression pattern seen in embryos. Sixteen‐day‐old embryonic slices grown 1 day in vitro contained many GAD65‐ and GAD67‐labeled somata, whereas those grown 4 days in vitro contained primarily terminal‐like varicosities. When isolated E14–E16 slices were grown for 4 days in vitro, the width of the GAD65‐labeled ventral marginal zone decreased by 40–50%, a finding that suggests these GABAergic axons originated from sources both intrinsic and extrinsic to the slices. Finally, when axonal transport was blocked in vitro, the developmental subcellular localization of GAD65 and GAD67 was reversed, so that GABAergic cell bodies were detected at all ages examined. These data indicate that an intracellular redistribution of both forms of GAD underlie the developmental changes observed in GABAergic spinal cord neurons. Taken together, our findings suggest a rapid translocation of GAD proteins from cell bodies to synaptic terminals following axonal outgrowth and synaptogenesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 456:112–126, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trimodal cloudiness and tropical stable layers in simulations of radiative convective equilibrium

In this paper, we examine the tropical environment at radiative convective equilibrium using a large‐domain cloud system resolving numerical model. As in observed studies of convectively active periods over warm tropical oceans (in particular the tropical western Pacific), we find a trimodal cloud structure that is closely associated with the presence of three distinct stable layers, including a prominent stable layer located near the zero‐degree Celsius level. In addition, the simulation exhibits three separate large scale zonal overturning circulations, with two of these circulations located above the trade wind inversion and separated by the freezing level stable layer. At equilibrium, latent heat release associated with freezing and melting processes is dwarfed by that of vapor transitions, and simulation results suggest that this stable layer can be maintained by subsidence in the presence of longwave radiative cooling above the zero‐degree level.
A Conceptual Modelling Pattern for Roles

A pattern identifies a problem and provides the specification of a generic solution to that problem. Conceptual modelling patterns are aimed at representing a specific structure of knowledge that appears in different domains. Roles are meant to capture dynamic and temporal aspects of realworld objects. This paper identifies common semantics of different role models found in the literature. Moreover, it presents a conceptual modelling pattern for the role concept that includes both the static and dynamic aspects of roles. In particular, we adapt the pattern to the UML. The use of this pattern eases the definition of roles in conceptual schemas. We also discuss the advantages of our approach over previous ones.