Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
JACOB: just a content-based query system for video databases

The increasing development of advanced multimedia applications requires new technologies for organizing and retrieving by content databases of still digital images or digital video sequences. The authors describe JACOB, a prototypal system allowing content-based browsing and querying in video databases. The JACOB system automatically splits a video into a sequence of shots, extracts a few representative frames (said r-frames) from each shot and computes r-frame descriptors based on features like color and texture. No user action is required during the database population step. Queries exploit this image content description and may be direct or by example.
Evolution of early TIMI 2 flow after thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. GUSTO-1 Angiographic Investigators.

BACKGROUND Patients with early Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 2 flow after thrombolysis appear to have outcomes similar to thrombolytic failures. To evaluate the origin and evolution of early TIMI 2 flow, we examined early and late angiographic and ventriculographic data from the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Arteries (GUSTO-1) angiographic study. METHODS AND RESULTS Of the 914 patients with both 90-minute and 5- to 7-day catheterizations, 278 patients had TIMI grade 2 flow at 90 minutes. At follow-up, 188 (67%) had improved to TIMI grade 3 flow. At 90 minutes, patients with TIMI grade 2 flow had greater infarct vessel narrowing and a significantly greater incidence of thrombus than patients with TIMI grade 3 flow. At the 5- to 7-day follow-up, patients whose flow had improved from TIMI grade 2 at 90 minutes to grade 3 flow at follow-up had larger-caliber vessels (minimum luminal diameter, 0.99 +/- 0.47 versus 0.84 +/- 0.48 mm; P = .03) and a lower incidence of visible thrombus (26% versus 38%, P = .04) than those with persistent TIMI grade 2 flow. These patients also had a higher mean ejection fraction (57.5 +/- 14.1% versus 52.8 +/- 12.9%, P = .02) and better infarct zone wall motion (-2.1 +/- 1.5 versus -2.6 +/- 1.3 SD per chord, P = .01) at the 5- to 7-day follow-up. Patients in whom flow improved from TIMI grade 2 at 90 minutes to TIMI grade 3 by 5 to 7 days had significantly better left ventricular function than patients with persistent TIMI grade 0, 1, or 2 flow and constituted a group whose left ventricular function was intermediate between those who had no reperfusion (TIMI grades 0 and 1) and those whose reperfusion was complete (TIMI grade 3). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that incomplete clot lysis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of TIMI grade 2 flow. Furthermore, early TIMI grade 2 flow may be sufficient to provide prolonged myocyte viability, which will further recover if flow normalizes.
Representation and identification of activity cliffs

Activity cliffs (ACs) consist of structurally similar active compounds having large differences in potency [1–3]. In other words, they encode structural relationships in which small chemical modifications lead to largepotency variations. Accordingly, ACs– if encountered during compound optimization – reveal substitution sites and chemical changes that determine structure–activity relationships (SARs) in compound series. As such, ACs are principal indicators of SAR discontinuity [1,2]. Identifying discontinuous SARs helps to navigate out of ‘SAR flatlands’ during early stages of compound optimization when potency improvement is a primary focal point. At the same time, the presence of SAR discontinuity is often problematic during late stages of lead optimization when multiple parametersmust be balanced including – amongothers – solubility, metabolic stability, or pharmacokinetics. Then, chemical modificationsmust be considered to further improve such properties while retaining sufficiently high potency. Hence, ACs are not always desired bymedicinal chemists. However, knowledge of ACs usually helps to focus chemical optimization efforts on regions in molecules that are critical for biological activity and to identify SAR determinants. Furthermore, in computational chemistry, ACs are of interest from several points of view. Importantly, the presence of ACs and SAR discontinuity principally limits quantitative SAR (QSAR) analysis and potency predictions for newly designed compounds [1]. On the other hand, ACs provide important test cases for calibrating nonlinear activity prediction methods. In addition, ACs aid in structure-based drug design, especially when they are studied in three dimensions, as further discussed below. For ACs, different molecular representations can be used. Importantly, the representation and identification of ACs cannot be separated from each other, which is often not sufficiently taken into consideration. In the following, it is discussed how ACs can be conceptualized and identified on a large scale, going beyond individual compound series. Initially, the question is addressed how ACs should best be defined, an important prerequisite for their analysis.
Verilog-A based compact modeling of the magneto-electric FET device

The first spin transistor was proposed by Das and Datta in 1990 [1]. Since then, there has been a lot of active research on the spin based transistors in the academia and industry. The device structure resembles a CMOS transistor with the source and drain acting as a spin polarizer and spin detector respectively. The voltage applied across the gate controls the spin precession in the channel through electric field generated by spin orbit dependent Rashba effect. This results in magnitude change of the drain to source (IDS) current which represents the state variable of the device. Previously, Verilog-A based models have been proposed for the Rashba effect based SpinFET transistors [2-3]. Unfortunately, the Rashba effect is weak making it difficult for the realization of an effective room temperature Datta-Das transistor.
Muscle metabolism during graded quadriceps exercise in man

The aim of the study was to examine local muscle metabolism in response to graded exercise when the involved muscle mass is too small to elicit marked hormonal changes and local blood flow restriction. Nine healthy overnight fasted male subjects performed knee extension exercise with both thighs kicking at 25% of maximal power (Wmax) for 45 min (23 ± 1% of pulmonary ) followed by 35 min of kicking with one thigh at 65% and the other at 85%Wmax (40 ± 1%). Primed constant infusion of [U‐13C] palmitate and [2H5]glycerol was carried out. Blood was sampled from a femoral artery and both femoral veins, and thigh blood flow was determined by thermodilution. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis of both thighs. From rest through exercise at 25, 65 and 85%Wmax the thigh blood flow (0.3 ± 0.1, 2.5 ± 0.2, 3.5 ± 0.2, 4.1 ± 0.3 l min−1) and oxygen uptake (0.02 ± 0.01, 0.27 ± 0.03, 0.48 ± 0.04, 0.55 ± 0.05 l min−1) increased (P < 0.05). The plasma fatty acids oxidized in the thigh (5 ± 1, 114 ± 15, 162 ± 30, 180 ± 31 μmol min−1) increased (P < 0.05) with exercise intensity, whereas the total thigh fat oxidation (19 ± 6, 312 ± 64, 356 ± 93, 323 ± 120 μmol min−1) increased (P < 0.05) from rest, but remained unchanged through exercise. The thigh glycerol uptake (1 ± 1, 16 ± 4, 24 ± 10, 39 ± 8 μmol min−1) increased significantly from rest through exercise at 25–65 and 85%Wmax, respectively. Glucose uptake and glycogen breakdown always increased with exercise intensity. In conclusion, in the presence of a high blood flow and oxygen supply and only small hormonal changes, total fat oxidation in muscle increases from rest to light exercise, but then remains constant with exercise intensity up to heavy exercise. However, with increasing exercise intensity, oxidation of plasma free fatty acids increases and accordingly oxidation of other fat sources decreases. These findings are in contrast to whole body measurements performed during graded exercise involving a large muscle mass during which fat oxidation peaks at around 60% of .
Quantitative morphology of the nervous system: Expanding horizons

In this review, we show how some of the recent developments in quantitative morphology (QM) are creating exciting new opportunities for studying the structure of the nervous system. We begin with a brief overview of QM, focusing on the problems neurobiologists are likely to encounter when collecting and interpreting data from tissue sections. Many of these problems, which range from selecting a sampling method to learning the latest methods, are being solved by creating a new generation of research tools. We describe several of these new tools and show how they can be used to assemble new quantitative methods for in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry, and camera lucida drawings. The review includes examples of how QM is being used to study the brain and concludes with a brief discussion of diagnostic pathology and its need for new quantitative approaches.
Recognizing area of pulsations on the neck via video camera systems

This paper presents the principle of a non-contact method to detect area of pulsations (AP) on a patient's neck via a video camera system for medical applications such as jugular venous pulsations (JVP). The color frames in the video clips are used to pinpoint the areas of pulsations after the frames going through principal processing such as denoising, motion tracking, and light enhancing. The capturing system comprises a video camera and a computer with a custom built program installed to capture and process the frames. Experiments were performed to detect the area of the right jugular venous pulsation. The results are comparable to the observation of the doctors who are experts in jugular venous pressure. Recognizing the area of pulsations is significant in determining the cardiopulmonary status, especially with the highest oscillation point of the right internal JVP (IJVP) to calculate the jugular venous pressure. This preliminary work has not yet distinguished different types of pulsation on the neck such as jugular venous pulsations, external jugular venous pulsations, or carotid artery pulsations.
GroEL‐Mediated protein folding

I Architecture of GroEL and GroES and the reaction pathway A. Architecture of the chaperonins B. Reaction pathway of GroEL‐GroES‐mediated folding II. Polypeptide binding A. A parallel network of chaperones binding polypeptides in vivo B. Polypeptide binding in vitro 1. Role of hydrophobicity in recognition 2. Homologous proteins with differing recognition—differences in primary structure versus effects on folding pathway 3. Conformations recognized by GroEL a. Refolding studies b. Binding of metastable intermediates c. Conformations while stably bound at GroEL 4. Binding constants and rates of association 5. Conformational changes in the substrate protein associated with binding by GroEL a. Observations b. Kinetic versus thermodynamic action of GroEL in mediating unfolding c. Crossing the energy landscape in the presence of GroEL III. ATP binding and hydrolysis—driving the reaction cycle IV. GroEL‐GroES‐polypeptide ternary complexes—the folding‐active cis complex A. Cis and trans ternary complexes B. Symmetric complexes C. The folding‐active intermediate of a chaperonin reaction—cis ternary complex D. The role of the cis space in the folding reaction E. Folding governed by a “timer” mechanism F. Release of nonnative polypeptides during the GroEL‐GroES reaction G. Release of both native and nonnative forms under physiologic conditions H. A role for ATP binding, as well as hydrolysis, in the folding cycle V. Concluding remarks
A 1.0625-to-14.025Gb/s multimedia transceiver with full-rate source-series-terminated transmit driver and floating-tap decision-feedback equalizer in 40nm CMOS

A robust transceiver designed for NRZ signaling beyond 10Gb/s over long-range physical media (including electrical backplanes, copper cables and optical modules) must contend with significant challenges from insertion loss, crosstalk, and reflection. For inter-symbol interference (ISI) cancellation, half-rate decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) with unrolled first tap [1–3] is widely used to avoid noise amplification and to relax timing for data sampling/feedback. However, tap-unrolling increases slicer count and entails half-rate multiplexers eating into timing margin. To remove reflection-induced ISI due to impedance discontinuities in the media, the DFE must cover tap positions higher than 30UI which is beyond tap range of the DFEs reported in previous work [1–4]. Fig. 1 shows an example of bumpy channel with reflection energy up to 40UI.
Investigation of Acute Pulmonary Deficits Associated with Biomass Fuel Cookstove Emissions in Rural Bangladesh

The use of solid biomass fuels in cookstoves has been associated with chronic health impacts that disproportionately affect women worldwide. Solid fuel stoves that use wood, plant matter, and cow dung are commonly used for household cooking in rural Bangladesh. This study investigates the immediate effects of acute elevated cookstove emission exposures on pulmonary function. Pulmonary function was measured with spirometry before and during cooking to assess changes in respiratory function during exposure to cookstove emissions for 15 females ages 18–65. Cookstove emissions were characterized using continuous measurements of particulate matter (PM2.5—aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) concentrations at a 1 s time resolution for each household. Several case studies were observed where women ≥40 years who had been cooking for ≥25 years suffered from severe pulmonary impairment. Forced expiratory volume in one second over forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) was found to moderately decline (p = 0.06) during cooking versus non-cooking in the study cohort. The study found a significant (α < 0.05) negative association between 3- and 10-min maximum PM2.5 emissions during cooking and lung function measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC obtained during cooking intervals. This study found that exposure to biomass burning emissions from solid fuel stoves- associated with acute elevated PM2.5 concentrations- leads to a decrease in pulmonary function, although further research is needed to ascertain the prolonged (e.g., daily, for multiple years) impacts of acute PM2.5 exposure on immediate and sustained respiratory impairment.
Circulating microRNA signature in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: from serum non-coding RNAs to liver histology and disease pathogenesis

Objectives We used a screening strategy of global serum microRNA (miRNA) profiling, followed by a second stage of independent replication and exploration of liver expression of selected miRNAs to study: (1) the circulating miRNA signature associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and predictive power, (2) the role of miRNAs in disease biology and (3) the association between circulating miRNAs and features of the metabolic syndrome. Methods The study used a case-control design and included patients with NAFLD proven through biopsy and healthy controls. Results Among 84 circulating miRNAs analysed, miR-122, miR-192, miR-19a and miR-19b, miR-125b, and miR-375 were upregulated >2-fold (p<0.05) either in simple steatosis (SS) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The most dramatic and significant fold changes were observed in the serum levels of miR-122 (7.2-fold change in NASH vs controls and 3.1-fold change in NASH vs SS) and miR-192 (4.4-fold change in NASH vs controls); these results were replicated in the validation set. The majority of serum miR-122 circulate in argonaute2-free forms. Circulating miR-19a/b and miR-125b were correlated with biomarkers of atherosclerosis. Liver miR-122 expression was 10-fold (p<0.03) downregulated in NASH compared with SS and was preferentially expressed at the edge of lipid-laden hepatocytes. In vitro exploration showed that overexpression of miR-122 enhances alanine aminotransferase activity. Conclusions miR-122 plays a role of physiological significance in the biology of NAFLD; circulating miRNAs mirror the histological and molecular events occurring in the liver. NAFLD has a distinguishing circulating miRNA profile associated with a global dysmetabolic disease state and cardiovascular risk.
Inhibition of NK Cell Activity through TGF-β1 by Down-Regulation of NKG2D in a Murine Model of Head and Neck Cancer1

In an orthotopic murine model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC VII/SF) we studied NK cell-mediated immunity following vaccination with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing IL-2 (rvv-IL-2). SCC VII/SF tumor cells were injected into the oral cavity of C3H/HeJ mice on day 0. Mice were vaccinated on days 7, 10, and 14 with rvv-IL-2 and control vaccines. Phenotypes, numbers, and biological activities of NK cells were determined following vaccination. Levels of expression of NK-activating receptor NKG2D and CD16 on NK cell surface were assayed in the vaccinated mice. Expression of NKG2D ligands, Rae1, and H60 on SCC VII/SF cells was also examined. Vaccination with rvv-IL-2 resulted in expansion of NK cells. NK cells isolated from rvv-IL-2-vaccinated mice had significantly higher biological activities compared with mice treated with control vaccines. NK cells from tumor-bearing mice expressed significantly lower levels of NKG2D and CD16 compared with rvv-IL-2 vaccinated mice. SCC VII/SF tumors expressed NKG2D ligand Rae 1, although H60 was not present. SCC VII/SF tumors expressed high levels of TGF-β1, which were down-modulated by vaccination with rvv-IL-2. Incubation of NK cells with tumor homogenate or cultured supernatant of SCC VII/SF cells reduced the expression of NKG2D and CD16. This inhibition appeared to be mediated by TGF-β1. SCC VII/SF tumors in the oral cavity of the mice secrete high quantities of TGF-β1, which reduce the expression of NK cell receptor NKG2D as well as CD16 and inhibits biological functions of NK cells.
MICROPHYSICAL RETRIEVAL FROM DUAL-FREQUENCY GPM P 7 . 1 OBSERVATIONS

Following the success of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), considerable effort has been directed at the next generation of space-based precipitation radar (PR) to be launched aboard the Global Precipitation Measuring (GPM) core satellite. The GPM mission concept is centered on the deployment of a core observatory satellite with an active dual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR), operating at Ku and Ka bands. The DPR aboard the GPM core satellite is expected to improve our knowledge of precipitation processes relative to the single-frequency on microphysics, and better accuracies in rainfall and liquid water content retrievals. This paper presents a new algorithm to retrieve parameters of drop size distribution of GPMDPR. Models have been built for GPM-DPR classification based on intensive study of APR2 (second generation airborne precipitation radar) data from NAMMA (NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis) experiment. Index Terms — GPM, DSD (drop size distribution), Classification
An Alternating Variable Step-Size Adaptive Long-Range Prediction of LMS Fading Signals

We propose a linear alternating variable step-size adaptive long-range prediction (AVSS-ALRP) scheme to predict fading signals which is especially suitable for a versatile two-state land mobile satellite (LMS) channel model at S-band. A three-step design procedure is presented to optimize the prediction performance. Firstly, we establish the Gilbert-Elliot channel model based on first-order Markov chain for satellite communication downlink and take advantage of smoothing average to obtain channel observed values. At a second stage, eigenvalue decomposition method is applied to predict future long-range channel state instead of weighted prediction. Finally, combining variable step-size least mean squares and adaptive long-range prediction, we introduce the VSS-ALRP algorithm to predict LMS channel fading signals in the case of “good” state, and the obtained prediction results would be revised based on the linear prediction of error when shadowing condition is in the “bad” state. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can not only offer an accurate prediction for long-range channel state and fading signals over the two-state Gilbert-Elliot channel model and greatly enhance the fading signals’ autocorrelation, but also have considerably better performance than long-range prediction (LRP) algorithm from the results of mean square error (MSE) and correlation coefficient.
Ordnungspolitische Standpunkte zu aktuellen Fragen der Umwelt-, Wettbewerbs- und Wirtschaftspolitik

Das vorliegende Buch sammelt eine Reihe von Einzelaufsatzen zu theoretischer und angewandter Wirtschaftspolitik. Es entstand als eine Kooperation von Okonomen, die an den Thuringer Universitaten Jena, Weimar und Ilmenau forschen und lehren. Eine solche Homogenitat der raumlichen Zuordnung der Autoren verbindet sich zwangslaufig mit einer gewissen Heterogenitat der thematisch-schwerpunktmasigen Zuordnung der Beitrage. Das Buch ermoglicht dadurch einen Einblick sowohl in die Breite als auch in die Tiefe des okonomischen Denkens an den wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultaten Thuringens. Die Breite zeigt sich dabei gleich im ersten Abschnitt dieses Sammelbandes, das einige Standpunkte zu wirtschaftspolitischen Gegenwartsproblemen enthalt, welche finanz- und sozialpolitische sowie demografische Problemstellungen aufgreifen. Diese Beitrage enthalten uberraschende, weil unkonventionelle Gedankengange (z.B. den Vorschlag eines komplementaren Mindestlohnes im ersten Beitrag) oder offenbaren einen aufklarerischen Ehrgeiz der Autoren, wie der Beitrag zur Zufriedenheit in Ostdeutschland zeigt. Die Tiefe der Forschungsarbeit Thuringer Okonomen wird durch die im zweiten Abschnitt des Sammelbandes aufgezeigten Forschungsergebnisse sichtbar. Hier finden sich u.a. Beitrage zu Theoriefragen der Umwelt- und Wirtschaftspolitik, die gesamtwirtschaftliche Fragestellungen, darunter konkrete wohlfahrtsokonomische Analysen ebenso beinhalten wie Politikvorschlage mit regionalpolitischer Relevanz. Die in diesem Abschnitt konzentrierten Beitrage stellen etwas hohere Anspruche an das formale Rezeptionsvermogen des Lesers, bemuhen sich aber um eine gute Handreichung und Fuhrung entlang der wesentlichen Argumentationsstrange.
The assessment of an intermittent high intensity running test.

AIM In multiple sprint sports the ability to perform repeated short duration bouts of maximal intensity exercise appears to be sport specific than the ability to perform prolonged continuous exercise or produce a single bout of exercise. However, previous studies have not verified a field test method with an appropriate intermittent anaerobic exercise pattern. The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of the Intermittent Anaerobic Running Test (IAnRT) primarily developed for soccer players. METHODS Twenty-nine trained male adolescent soccer players performed two separate 20 m sprints and the IAnRT on an indoor running track in each of two testing sessions separated by one recovery day. The IAnRT consisted of 10 20-m sprints with 20-s recovery periods between the sprints. RESULTS The mean running speed (Vm) and the speed at the beginning and the end of the IAnRT (V1+2, V9+10) confirmed good reliability. The relative mean speed index was the preferred indicator for assessing the ability to maintain short duration running performance during the intermittent exercise mode. Using confirmatory factor analysis the running performance of IAnRT was best explained by one general factor and one subfactor which consequently joined the general one from the 6th sprint (P=0.03, Bentler's d=0.99, RMSR=0.03). CONCLUSION The IAnRT provided reliable and valid performance indices, which reflect the maximal anaerobic running power and capacity for repeated running sprints.