Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Admixture and Heterozygosity in West Alaskan Populations

Summary Average heterozygosities for four communities (Savoonga and Gambell on St Lawrence Island, the King Island community now located in Nome, and Wales) are computed from blood allele frequencies. No significant relationship is found between this measure of heterozygosity and the amount of European admixture calculated from gamma globulin haplotype frequencies, indicating that forces other than European gene flow are affecting relative heterozygosity. However, within the two villages on St Lawrence Island, admixed individuals as a group have significantly higher average heterozygosity than non-admixed individuals. These results suggest that European gene flow significantly increases population heterozygosity when examined from a micro-populational or individual level, but may be obscured by other factors when several different populations are compared. This is probably because inter-village variation in admixture proportions, which range from zero to 8%, is small.
Towards a Research Method for Theory-driven Design Research

In this paper we outline a new methodical approach for integrating theories into the design research process. Incorporating theories in design projects allows design researchers to reason on the effects of the IT artifact prior to its instantiation. We argue that design decisions should be transparent claims of utility based on theory-grounded arguments. Documenting design decisions requires the design researcher to integrate appropriate theories and document the rationale behind a particular design decision. Overall, we demonstrate on the example of constructing a new modeling grammar how to integrate theories in the design research process and discuss conflicts which occur when applying these theories.
Quantitation and biological properties of released and cell-bound lipooligosaccharides from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major pathogen causing otitis media in children. NTHi releases lipooligosaccharide (LOS) as outer membrane fragments during its growth. The release of LOS may play an important role in the pathogenicity of otitis media caused by this organism. The amounts of LOS in bacterial cells and growth media for five NTHi strains were determined by quantitative silver staining after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These strains were estimated to have 1.6 x 10(6) to 4.8 x 10(6) LOS molecules per bacterium. During a 3-day growth period, these NTHi strains released variable but significant amounts of LOS into the growth medium. Cells started to release detectable amounts of LOS into the medium at 2 to 5 h and continued to do so for up to 48 or 72 h. The concentrations of LOS in the culture supernatants released by these five strains were 10 to 55 micrograms/ml at 24 h and 40 to 100 micrograms/ml at 72 h, which was 34 to 189% of the cell-bound LOS concentration. The biological properties of released and cell-bound LOSs from two representative strains were compared. Released LOS showed an approximately 10-fold increase in inducing human monocytes to produce tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6, a 13- to 28-fold increase in mouse lethal toxicity, and a 16- to 37-fold increase in the clotting of Limulus amebocyte lysate. These results suggested that released LOS or its inflammatory mediators play a more important role than the LOS in bacteria in the pathogenicity of otitis media caused by this organism.
3 GC 3 Biology in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

The genetic code, the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material, is found in every cell of every living organism. This code consists of all possible combinations of trinucleotide sequences in coding regions, called codons. With a few exceptions, such as startand stop-codons, a triplet codon in a DNA sequence specifies a single amino acid – protein’s building block. The human genome, for example, consists of one startand three stopcodons out of (34) 64 codons. With each codon promoting the binding of specific tRNA to the ribosome, the cell would theoretically need almost 64 types of tRNAs, each with different anticodons to complement the available codons. However, because only 20 amino acids are encoded, there is a significant degeneracy of the genetic code so that the third base is less discriminatory for the amino acid than the other two bases. This third position in the codon is therefore referred to as the wobble position. At this position U’s and C’s may be read by a G in the anticodon. Similarly, A’s and G’s may be read by a U or  (pseudouridine) in the anticodon.
Facilitating Data Sharing in the Behavioural Sciences

In most scientific fields, significant improvements have been made in terms of data sharing among scientists and researchers. Although there are clear benefits to data sharing, there is at least one field where this norm has yet to be developed: the behavioural sciences. In this paper, we propose an innovative methodology as a means to change existing norms within the behavioural sciences and move towards increased data sharing. Based on recent advances in social psychology, we theorize that a Survey Research Instrument that takes into account basic psychological processes can be effective in promoting data sharing norms.
Remuneration Committee's Impact on Firm Dividends in Malaysia: A Panel Approach

This study investigates the remuneration committee and its specifications, and their relations to the dividends behavior of the firm. The corporate governance variables include existence of remuneration committee, number of independent members of committee, remuneration committee size, CEO or General Manager’s membership in the committee, and size of board of directors. Besides them, firm size measured by total assets, revenue, and market value as well as firm leverage ratio, return on assets, and return on equity were controlled. The analyses were conducted separately on both dividends per share and dividend yields. Data set includes a panel of 52 companies listed in Bursa Malaysia for the period of 2001 to 2010. Results significantly indicate that all corporate governance variables have significant impact on the dividend per share paid by firms. However, for dividend yields, except the existence of remuneration committee variable, others show a significant effect.
Model Selection in Equations with Many ‘Small’ Effects

High dimensional general unrestricted models (GUMs) may include important individual determinants, many small relevant effects, and irrelevant variables. Automatic model selection procedures can handle more candidate variables than observations, allowing substantial dimension reduction from GUMs with salient regressors, lags, nonlinear transformations, and multiple location shifts, together with all the principal components, possibly representing ‘factor’ structures, as perfect collinearity is also unproblematic. ‘Factors’ can capture small influences that selection may not retain individually. The final model can implicitly include more variables than observations, entering via ‘factors’. We simulate selection in several special cases to illustrate.
Effects of Video Game Training on Measures of Selective Attention and Working Memory in Older Adults: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Video game training with older adults potentially enhances aspects of cognition that decline with aging and could therefore offer a promising training approach. Although, previous published studies suggest that training can produce transfer, many of them have certain shortcomings. This randomized controlled trial (RCT; Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT02796508) tried to overcome some of these limitations by incorporating an active control group and the assessment of motivation and expectations. Seventy-five older volunteers were randomly assigned to the experimental group trained for 16 sessions with non-action video games from Lumosity, a commercial platform (http://www.lumosity.com/) or to an active control group trained for the same number of sessions with simulation strategy games. The final sample included 55 older adults (30 in the experimental group and 25 in the active control group). Participants were tested individually before and after training to assess working memory (WM) and selective attention and also reported their perceived improvement, motivation and engagement. The results showed improved performance across the training sessions. The main results were: (1) the experimental group did not show greater improvements in measures of selective attention and working memory than the active control group (the opposite occurred in the oddball task); (2) a marginal training effect was observed for the N-back task, but not for the Stroop task while both groups improved in the Corsi Blocks task. Based on these results, one can conclude that training with non-action games provide modest benefits for untrained tasks. The effect is not specific for that kind of training as a similar effect was observed for strategy video games. Groups did not differ in motivation, engagement or expectations.
Optical design of active interposer for high-speed chip level optical interconnects

Based on the precise evaluation of optical coupling tolerances between vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and an optical waveguide film with a 45/spl deg/ mirror, optical interconnection modules entitled "active interposers" have been designed. To evaluate the optical coupling tolerances caused by misalignments, we introduced a novel analysis using contour plot. Using the contour plot, a clearance of 60 /spl mu/m between the VCSEL and the optical waveguide film was employed to produce sufficient optical coupling. The active interposers comprising driver and receiver ICs, the VCSEL, the photodiode (PD), and the interposer were assembled by a passive alignment on a printed circuit board (PCB) having an optical waveguide film. Using fabricated active interposers, multi-Gb/s transmissions were successfully obtained. The active interposers, fabricated on the basis of optical design, have been found useful for high-speed chip level interconnects.
Differential Effects of Preferential Treatment Levels on Relational Outcomes

Despite its often controversial and philosophically divisive nature, preferential treatment of customers holds the potential to contribute to important relational outcomes valued by firms. In this study, sampled customers (n = 2,461) of a national upscale department store chain representing recipients of three different levels of preferential treatment are tested. While controlling for individual customer characteristics, higher levels of preferential treatment are shown to positively influence relationship commitment, increased purchases, share of customer, word of mouth, and customer feedback. This study fills a major services marketing research gap by assessing the favorable effects of higher levels of preferential treatment as a relationship marketing strategy.
Does Carotid Endarterectomy Lead to a Decline in Cognitive Function or Health Related Quality of Life?

Carotid endarterectomy has been shown to reduce the long-term risk of stroke in selected patients. The present study was designed to examine cognitive function and health related quality of life in a series of carotid endarterectomy patients. One hundred and nine patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were assessed before surgery and at 6 months post-op (n=100) on standard cognitive function tests and quality of life surveys. Microembolisation was detected using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance identified evidence of significant impairments on some tests. Further analysis revealed that particulate microembolisation detected during the procedure was a significant risk factor associated with declining cognitive function. Patients’ self-reported health related quality of life had not deteriorated at 6 months following surgery.
Synthesis of (3R,4S)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-4-methylpentylphosphonic Acid as a Potential Inhibitor of the Nonmevalonate Pathway

The nonmevalonate pathway is widely found in higher plants and in many eubacteria, including pathogenic ones, but not in mammals. Identifying a nonmevalonate pathway inhibitor would greatly contribute to the search for new herbicides and antibacterial drugs to treat, for example, malaria. We describe here the synthesis of (3R,4S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-4-methylpentylphosphonic acid as a candidate for inhibiting MEP cytidylyltransferase, which is the third step on the nonmevalonate pathway.
AN EVALUATION OF SISP PROCESS STAGES IN THE CONTEXT OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE ROLE OF COMPETING VALUE OF LEADERSHIP

The Strategic Information System Planning (SISP) is thought to be the first step toward implementing information systems. The development and implementation of a highly aligned information systems still a top concern among academics and professionals, where IT considered as a strategic asset capable of adding value to overall organisation effectiveness. Based on the contingency theory of information system, this paper tend to examine the affect of different leadership styles on the SISP process stages of growth, using the competing value framework (CVF) as a measurement model of leadership orientations, and building on Grover and Segars (2005) measurement model of SISP process stages of growth and contributing to his model by adding a new SISP decision process dimension, lapelled “Intuition” as one of the SISP process stages of growth where it can be seen as the first stage towards the SISP process rationality stage. By linking these two measures one should be able to identify a pattern in which leadership orientation is most represented in each stage of SISP process growth. This paper is representing a theoretical base for empirical testing yet to be carried out.
Application of economic capital management to united credit management of group customers

The prevention and control of group customers' credit risks has always been the focus and problematic issue for the commercial banks in their credit risk management.At present,most Chinese commercial banks have set customer maximum credit quota to deal with this problem.In this paper,we apply economic capital management to united credit management of group customers,which will enhance commercial banks' sensibility to risk by switching their attention from maximum credit quota to risk quota.Moreover,by the means of optimizing the every member's credit risk quota,we will enable banks to achieve maximum RAROC on portfolio basis.
A Comparative Analysis of Productivity Growth and Productivity Dispersion: Microeconomic Evidence Based on Listed Firms from Japan, Korea, and China

Utilizing the firm-level dataset, this study aims to explore differences in firm-level productivity and growth between Japan, Korea, and China, while at the same time illuminating the mechanism that has driven the narrowing in the productivity gap that can be observed. We pursue two strategies. First, we compare the firm-level TFP distribution of major industries in these three countries over time to examine catch-up patterns within and across industries. Second, in order to examine patterns of technology diffusion across these three countries, we conduct a regression analysis on TFP convergence to the national frontier and to the global frontier. Our main results can be summarized as follows. First, although Japanese firms enjoy the highest average TFP level in many industries, their TFP growth rate has been relatively low during the past two decades. Korean firms have achieved considerable TFP growth in certain industries. The average TFP level of Chinese firms is still much lower than that of Japanese and Korean firms in many industries. Second, within-industry dispersion of TFP levels is very small for Japanese firms. While the within-industry ranking of TFP levels hardly changes in the case of Japan, fluctuations in the ranking are relatively frequent in the case of Korea. Third, in Korea, the TFP levels of low-performing firms are approaching those of the national frontier firms at a more rapid pace than in Japan.
Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Metabolites by Clostridium acetobutylicum KCTC1037 Cultivated with Electrochemical Reducing Power

In this research, metabolic fixation of CO2 by growing cells of C. acetobutylicum cultivated with electrochemical reducing power was tested on the basis of the metabolites production and genes expression. In cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical oxidation and reduction reaction of neutral red (NR) immobilized in intact cells of C. acetobutylicum was stationarily repeated like the soluble one in the condition without CO2 but the electrochemical reduction reaction was selectively increased by addition of CO2. In electrochemical bioreactor, the modified graphite felt cathode with NR (NR-cathode) induced C. acetobutylicum to generate acetate, propionate, and butyrate from CO2 in defined medium. When H2 and CO2 were used as an electron donor and an electron acceptor, respectively, C. acetobutylicum also produced the same metabolites in a defined medium. C. acetobutylicum was not grown in the defined medium without substituted electron donors (H2 or electrochemical reducing power). C. acetobutylicum cultivated with electrochemical reducing power produced more butyrate than acetate in complex medium but produced more acetate than butyrate in defined medium. The genes of encoding the enzymes catalyzing acetyl-CoA in C. acetobutylicum electrochemically cultivated in defined medium than conventionally cultivated in complex medium. These results are a clue that C. acetobutylicum may metabolically convert CO2 to metabolites and produce free energy from the electrochemical reducing power.
Assistive Technology as a Self-Management Tool for Prompting Students with Intellectual Disabilities to Initiate and Complete Daily Tasks: A Literature Review

This paper summarizes the results of a review of the empirical literature (1990-2005) focusing on use of assistive technology as a self-management tool for persons with intellectual disabilities. Forty investigations were identified which provided information on assistive technology to assist persons with disabilities to initiate and complete daily tasks. Four areas of research were defined and analyzed through the identified studies: (a) pictorial prompts; (b) tactile prompts; (c) auditory prompts; and (d) computer-aided systems. Research supports assistive technology as an effective tool for providing antecedent prompts that can be self-operated by persons with intellectual disabilities. Implications of the research and suggestions for future research are discussed. Increased independence and the ability to increase a person's ability to respond indepen manage one's own behavior and task perfor- dently without: (a) waiting for another person manee continue to be areas of concern when to tell them what to do (Riffel et al., 2005); working with persons with disabilities. In- and (b) the need to memorize step sequences eluded in these behaviors are abilities to self (Lancioni, Van den Hof, Furniss, O'Reilly, & initiate, self-instruct, self-maintain, and self- Cunha, 1999). Such prompts may further im monitor one's behavior and task performance prove performance, increase fluency of re (Post & Storey, 2002). Student self-manage- sponding (productivity, duration of behav ment strategies provide a means to increase ior), and promote maintenance of skills the independence of persons with disabilities, already acquired. decrease the need for continuous supervision Since Congress outlined guidelines for pro and prompting by others, and free the teacher tiding assistive technology in the Technology to attend to other instruction. While self man- Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabil agement procedures may be in the form of ibes Act of 1988, the use of assistive antecedents or consequences to target behav- technology has been applied across a wide iors (Browder & Shapiro, 1985), the focus of range of settings and activities to meet the this review is the application of self manage- needs of students with varying disabilities ment tools in the form of antecedents to in- (Gregor & Pachuski, 1996). Increased ad fluence behavior. Antecedent self-manage- vancements, awareness, and availability of ma ment strategies may cue or guide a person's terials, equipment, and adaptations make the behavior by using stimuli such as pictures or application of assistive technology an ever audio cues that precede occurrence of a be- evolving field, which includes new inventions, havior (Harchik, Sherman, & Sheldon, 1992). and innovate use of existing tools.
DEEPCAST: UNIVERSAL TIME-SERIES FORECASTER

Reliable and accurate time-series forecasting is critical in many fields including energy, finance, and manufacturing. Many time-series tasks, however, suffer from a limited amount of training data (i.e., the cold start problem) resulting in poor forecasting performance. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown outstanding image classification performance even on tasks with small-scale training sets. The performance can be attributed to transfer learning through CNNs’ ability to learn rich mid-level image representations. However, no prior work exists on general transfer learning for time-series forecasting. In this paper, motivated by recent success of transfer learning in CNN model and image-related tasks, we for the first time show how time-series representations learned with Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) on large-scale datasets can be efficiently transferred to other time-series forecasting tasks with limited amount of training data. We also validate that despite differences in time-series statistics and tasks in the datasets, the transferred representation leads to significantly improved forecasting results outperforming majority of the best time-series methods on the public M3 and other datasets. Our online universal forecasting tool, DeepCast, will leverage transfer learning to provide accurate forecasts for a diverse set of time series where classical methods were computationally infeasible or inapplicable due to short training history.
Effects of online advertising format and persuasion knowledge on audience reactions

In an experiment (N = 99), effects of subtle and prominent online advertising formats, respectively sponsored content and banner ads, on audience reactions toward the advertisement are tested. In addition, the role of several persuasion knowledge elements such as understanding of persuasive intent and ad skepticism in processing online advertising formats is investigated. Results show that participants find the sponsored content more informative, more amusing, and less irritating than the banner ad. With respect to persuasion knowledge, recognition of the advertising format, understanding of persuasive intent, and ad skepticism are higher for banner ads than for sponsored content. Furthermore, ad skepticism seems to be strongly related to perceived advertising value. These new findings show that persuasion knowledge plays a role in the appreciation of subtle and prominent online advertising formats.