Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence of recent warming in the north of Morocco from disturbed geothermal gradients

Abstract Thermal profiles in Morocco present a negative gradient in the first 60 to 150 m depth. The importance of this subsurface disturbance seems to represent a change of soil surface temperature rather than a lithological contrast or a circulation of fluid. This world-wide phenomenon is expressed in Morocco by a warming of approximately 1.5 to 3 °C over last 100 to 300 years. Particularly intensive deforestation in northeastern Morocco adds to climatic variations to give a more marked surface temperature anomaly. © 2000 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS
A model of HDO in the tropical tropopause layer

Any theory of water vapor in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) must explain both the abundance and isotopic composition of water there. In previous papers, we presented a model of the TTL that simulated the abundance of water vapor as well as the details of the vertical profile. That model included the effects of "overshooting" convec- tion, which injects dry air directly into the TTL. Here, we present results for the model after modifying it to include water's stable isotopologue HDO (where D represents deu- terium, 2 H). We find that the model predicts a nearly uni- form HDO depletion throughout the TTL, in agreement with recent measurements. This occurs because the model de- hydrates by dilution, which does not fractionate, instead of by condensation. Our model shows that this dehydration by dilution is consistent with other physical constraints on the system. We also show the key role that lofted ice plays in determining the abundance of HDO in the TTL. Such lofted ice requires a complementary source of dry air in the TTL; without that, the TTL will rapidly saturate and the lofted ice will not evaporate.
Epidermal Growth Factor Represses Constitutive Androstane Receptor Expression in Primary Human Hepatocytes and Favors Regulation by Pregnane X Receptor

Growth factors have key roles in liver physiology and pathology, particularly by promoting cell proliferation and growth. Recently, it has been shown that in mouse hepatocytes, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a crucial role in the activation of the xenosensor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) by the antiepileptic drug phenobarbital. Due to the species selectivity of CAR signaling, here we investigated epidermal growth factor (EGF) role in CAR signaling in primary human hepatocytes. Primary human hepatocytes were incubated with CITCO, a human CAR agonist, or with phenobarbital, an indirect CAR activator, in the presence or absence of EGF. CAR-dependent gene expression modulation and PXR involvement in these responses were assessed upon siRNA-based silencing of the genes that encode CAR and PXR. EGF significantly reduced CAR expression and prevented gene induction by CITCO and, to a lower extent, by phenobarbital. In the absence of EGF, phenobarbital and CITCO modulated the expression of 144 and 111 genes, respectively, in primary human hepatocytes. Among these genes, only 15 were regulated by CITCO and one by phenobarbital in a CAR-dependent manner. Conversely, in the presence of EGF, CITCO and phenobarbital modulated gene expression only in a CAR-independent and PXR-dependent manner. Overall, our findings suggest that in primary human hepatocytes, EGF suppresses specifically CAR signaling mainly through transcriptional regulation and drives the xenobiotic response toward a pregnane X receptor (PXR)-mediated mechanism.
Analysis of the Clinical Profile and Management of Inflammatory Choriodal Neovascular Membranes in Uveitic Eyes: A Study from a Tertiary Referral Center

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze clinical profile and management of inflammatory choroidal neovascularization (CNV) seen at a referral uveitis clinic.Methods: Records of patients with uveitis and inflammatory CNV from January 1989 to April 2012 were retrieved and the data was analyzed.Results: Forty-nine eyes of 43 patients were included. Mean age at presentation was 35.81 years. Eighteen eyes (36.7%) had infective etiology and 31 eyes (63.2%) had non-infective etiology. The most common location of the CNV was subfoveal, in 18 eyes (36.7%). Management included corticosteroids in all patients, additional immunosuppressive in 17 eyes (34.6%) and local management, with anti-VEGF injections in 29 eyes (63%). Visual outcome was favorable in 37 eyes (75%). Conclusion: Inflammatory CNV can be successfully managed and vision can be improved or stabilized, with prompt and adequate therapy of the underlying uveitic disease coupled with additional local therapy to selectively target the CNV.
A fully-differential zero-crossing-based 1.2V 10b 26MS/s pipelined ADC in 65nm CMOS

A fully-differential zero-crossing-based 10b 26 MS/s pipelined ADC in a 65 nm CMOS process is presented. Switched-capacitor overshoot correction is compatible with the differential topology and allows faster operation. A CMFB is engaged in the coarse phase for constant common-mode. The 0.33 mm2 ADC achieves 54.3 dB SNDR with a FOM of 161 fJ/step.
The role of caveolin‐1 in cardiovascular regulation

Caveolae are omega‐shaped membrane invaginations present in essentially all cell types in the cardiovascular system, and numerous functions have been ascribed to these structures. Caveolae formation depends on caveolins, cholesterol and polymerase I and transcript release factor‐Cavin (PTRF‐Cavin). The current review summarizes and critically discusses the cardiovascular phenotypes reported in caveolin‐1‐deficient mice. Major changes in the structure and function of heart, lung and blood vessels have been documented, suggesting that caveolae play a critical role at the interface between blood and surrounding tissue. According to an emerging paradigm, many of these changes are secondary to uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Thus, nitric oxide synthase not only synthesizes more nitric oxide in the absence of caveolin‐1, but also more superoxide with potential pathogenic consequences. It is further argued that the vasodilating drive from increased nitric oxide production in caveolin‐1‐deficient mice is balanced by changes in the vascular media that favour increased dynamic resistance regulation. Harnessing the therapeutic opportunities buried in caveolae, while challenging, could expand the arsenal of treatment options in cancer, lung disease and atherosclerosis.
Calibration of a Dual-Energy Gamma Radiation System for Multiple Point Measurements in a Soil

A method is described to experimentally determine the calibration constants for gamma-ray attenuation at multiple measurement points along a soil column as needed to simultaneously determine volumetric water content and dry bulk density at each of these points during subsequent experiments. Calibration constants for the soil solids, for both Cs-137 and Am-241, are defined as the product of the respective mass attenuation coefficients and the thickness of the soil through which the gamma radiation beam traverses. Calibration constants for water are similarly defined but include the additional term of water density. The calibration technique corrects for low energy Cs-137 pulses present in the Am-241 window and for resolving time. Although calibration constants are determined for each measurement point, the technique requires knowledge only of the initial average dry bulk density in the soil column and not at every point. The calibration constants and initial dry bulk density value for each measurement point are determined by an iteration procedure. Errors stemming from changes in the sources-soil column-detector configuration and/or pathlength when measuring at different points are therefore negated.
Managers’ Compensation and Misreporting: A Costly State Verification Approach

"We look for the optimal shareholder-manager contract leading to high effort and truthful revelation of firm performance. This twofold incentive compatibility constraint calls for a convex compensation scheme (a fixed wage plus a stock option) coupled with a state contingent audit. In order to reduce expected verification costs, an optimal stock option plan assigns the manager a large number of options with high strike price. It is suggested that focusing the audit activity (and supervision) on the exercise of stock option packages is a better solution to the problem of misreporting than giving up stock options as a compensation tool. "("JEL "D82, G30, M40, M52) Copyright (c) 2008 Western Economic Association International.
NATURAL SELECTION ON GALL SIZE: VARIABLE CONTRIBUTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL HOST PLANTS TO POPULATION‐WIDE PATTERNS

Studies that provide estimates of the form and magnitude of selection on herbivore traits at the level of individual plants in natural populations represent a vital step in understanding the interaction of selection and gene flow among host‐affiliated insect populations when individual plants equate to differing selective regimes. We analyzed phenotypic selection on the trait gall size for a host‐specific gall former at both the individual host plant and population level (across host plants) in each of two years. Linear and nonlinear selection and the fitness function relating gall size to the probability of survivorship in the absence of natural enemies were estimated for each level and year. Selection imposed by the host plant was observed in 19 of the 22 subpopulations monitored. At the population level, linear and nonlinear selection were evident each year. However, population‐level estimates masked the significant heterogeneity in the form and direction of selection evident among plants each year. Heterogeneity among gall‐former subpopulations is emphasized by our findings that selection varied from directional to stabilizing among plants and the majority of selection gradients estimated for individual plants did not fall within the 95% CIs of the population‐level estimates.
Author Profiling using LDA and Maximum Entropy Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2013

This paper describes the traditional authorship attribution subtask of the PAN/CLEF 2013 workshop. In our attempt to classify the documents based on gender and age of an author, we have applied a traditional approach of topic modeling using Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA). We used the content based features like topics and style based features like preposition-frequencies, which act as the efficient markers to demarcate the authorship attributes based on age and gender. We demonstrated tenfold cross validation and observed that our classification approach using Maxent and LDA gave an accuracy of 53.3% for English language and 52% for Spanish Language.
Energy Management Optimization in a Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System

Batteries and supercapacitors (SC) complement one another; a battery has a relatively high energy density but a low power density, whereas an SC has a relatively high power density but a low energy density. In order to offset their opposing limitations, an active battery/SC hybrid energy storage system (HESS) using a dc/dc converter has been proposed. The major problem concerning an active HESS is in how to control the current flow in order to achieve two objectives: the minimization of the magnitude/fluctuation of the current flowing in and out of the battery and the energy loss seen by the SCs. This problem has not been analytically investigated for an optimal solution regarding these two goals. In this paper, we present an optimal energy management scheme for active HESS. In order to obtain the optimal solution, we formulate the problem as an optimization problem concerning these two objectives. Observing that the feasibility and optimality of the solution critically depends on the boundary parameters of the problem, we present an algorithm that effectively adjusts the parameter values. The proposed algorithm is based on the multiplicative-increase- additive-decrease principle, which guarantees a feasible optimal solution. Through MATLAB simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme can optimally minimize the magnitude/fluctuation of the battery current and the SC energy loss.
Indium Assisted Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Array Thermal Interface Materials

The state-of-the-art thermal interface materials (TIMs) for electronic cooling is briefly reviewed with an emphasis on the emerging trend of employing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for enhanced thermal conduction across interfaces. Previous studies on CNT TIMs, however, indicated that despite the high thermal conductivities of CNTs themselves, heat conduction is limited by the direct contact interface between CNTs and the target surface. This has greatly limited the practical application of CNT TIMs. In this study, we thermally welded a thin indium layer between the CNT surface and the target surface, and observed an order of magnitude increase in thermal conductance ~106 W/m2 middot K across the interface compared with direct contact interface. With vacuum and cryogenic temperature compatibility, indium assisted CNT TIMs may find their future applications in areas from electronic chip cooling, cryogenic pumps, to thermal management in spacecrafts
Regulation of the Cortical Actin Cytoskeleton in Budding Yeast by Twinfilin, a Ubiquitous Actin Monomer-sequestering Protein

Here we describe the identification of a novel 37-kD actin monomer binding protein in budding yeast. This protein, which we named twinfilin, is composed of two cofilin-like regions. In our sequence database searches we also identified human, mouse, and Caenorhabditis elegans homologues of yeast twinfilin, suggesting that twinfilins form an evolutionarily conserved family of actin-binding proteins. Purified recombinant twinfilin prevents actin filament assembly by forming a 1:1 complex with actin monomers, and inhibits the nucleotide exchange reaction of actin monomers. Despite the sequence homology with the actin filament depolymerizing cofilin/actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) proteins, our data suggests that twinfilin does not induce actin filament depolymerization. In yeast cells, a green fluorescent protein (GFP)–twinfilin fusion protein localizes primarily to cytoplasm, but also to cortical actin patches. Overexpression of the twinfilin gene (TWF1) results in depolarization of the cortical actin patches. A twf1 null mutation appears to result in increased assembly of cortical actin structures and is synthetically lethal with the yeast cofilin mutant cof1-22, shown previously to cause pronounced reduction in turnover of cortical actin filaments. Taken together, these results demonstrate that twinfilin is a novel, highly conserved actin monomer-sequestering protein involved in regulation of the cortical actin cytoskeleton.
Revision Open Bankart Surgery After Arthroscopic Repair for Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability

Background Only a few studies have provided homogeneous analysis of open revision surgery after a failed arthroscopic Bankart procedure. Hypothesis Open Bankart revision surgery will be effective in a failed arthroscopic anterior stabilization but inevitably results in a loss of range of motion, especially external rotation. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Twenty-six shoulders that went through traditional open Bankart repair as revision surgery after a failed arthroscopic Bankart procedure for traumatic anterior shoulder instability were enrolled for this study. The mean patient age at the time of revision surgery was 24 years (range, 16–38 years), and the mean duration of follow-up was 42 months (range, 25–97 months). Results The preoperative mean range of motion was 173° in forward flexion and 65° in external rotation at the side. After revision surgery, the ranges measured 164° and 55°, respectively (P = .024 and .012, respectively). At the last follow-up, the mean Rowe score was 81 points, with 88.5% of the patients reporting good or excellent results. After revision surgery, redislocation developed in 3 shoulders (11.5%), all of which had an engaging Hill-Sachs lesion and associated hyperlaxity (2+ or greater laxity on the sulcus sign). Conclusion Open revision Bankart surgery for a failed arthroscopic Bankart repair can provide a satisfactory outcome, including a low recurrence rate and reliable functional return. In open revision Bankart surgery after failed stabilization for traumatic anterior shoulder instability, the surgeon should keep in mind the possibility of a postoperative loss of range of motion and a thorough examination for not only a Bankart lesion but also other associated lesions, including a bone defect or hyperlaxity, to lower the risk of redislocation.
High-Level User Interfaces for Transfer Function Design with Semantics

Many sophisticated techniques for the visualization of volumetric data such as medical data have been published. While existing techniques are mature from a technical point of view, managing the complexity of visual parameters is still difficult for nonexpert users. To this end, this paper presents new ideas to facilitate the specification of optical properties for direct volume rendering. We introduce an additional level of abstraction for parametric models of transfer functions. The proposed framework allows visualization experts to design high-level transfer function models which can intuitively be used by non-expert users. The results are user interfaces which provide semantic information for specialized visualization problems. The proposed method is based on principal component analysis as well as on concepts borrowed from computer animation
1 PROBIOTICS AND INTESTINAL COLONIZATION BY VANCOMYCIN 1 RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI IN MICE AND HUMANS 2 3

PROBIOTICS AND INTESTINAL COLONIZATION BY VANCOMYCIN 1 RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI IN MICE AND HUMANS 2 3 Magali Vidal 1, 2 , Christiane Forestier 2 , Nicolas Charbonnel 2 , Sandrine Henard 3 , Christian 4 Rabaud 3 , Olivier Lesens 1,4 * 5 1. Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France 6 2. Laboratoire de bactériologie, UFR Pharmacie, Université d’Auvergne-Clermont1, 7 Clermont-Ferrand, France 8 3. CCLIN-Est, hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France 9 4. Université d’Auvergne-Clermont1, UFR de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France 10 * : corresponding author 11 12 13 14 15 Running title: Probiotic and intestinal colonization by VRE 16 17 18
The discrepancy between measured and modeled downwelling solar irradiance at the ground: Dependence on water vapor

Moderate resolution spectra of the downwelling solar irradiance at the ground in north central Oklahoma were measured during the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Intensive Observation Period in the fall of 1997. Spectra obtained under cloud‐free conditions were compared with calculations using a coarse resolution radiative transfer model to examine the dependency of model‐measurement bias on water vapor. It was found that the bias was highly correlated with water vapor and increased at a rate of 9 Wm−2 per cm of water. The source of the discrepancy remains undetermined because of the complex dependencies of other variables, most notably aerosol optical depth, on water vapor.
Paleointensities of the geomagnetic field determined from recent four lava flows of Sakurajima Volcano, West Japan.

Geomagnetic paleointensities were determined by making use of the Thellier's double heating method from the recent four lava flows of Sakurajima Volcano, West Japan. Bunmei (1471) and An-ei (1779) lavas were used for inferring the geomagnetic intensities at the respective ages of eruption, and Taisho (1914) and Showa (1946) lavas were used for checking the validity of paleointesity determination by this method. The NRM's of these lavas are highly stable and the paleointensity experiment was successfully applied to all the four lavas. The fact that the intensity determined from Showa lava, i. e. 0.46±0.02Oe, agrees very well with the present-day intensity of geomagnetic field shows that the present measuring device works well. The usual paleointensity experiment was a little modified by making heating and cooling time shorter with the aid of a movable heater. Amounting to 0.42±0.03Oe, the measurement of Taisho lava led to a value a little smaller than the value expected from the actual observation. This could be attributed to the local geomagnetic anomaly on the volcano. As for the historical lava flows, the results indicate that the total intensity of geomagnetic field was 0.53 and 0.48Oe at 1471 and 1779, respectively, and had a tendency to decrease at Sakurajima since the 15th century. This tendency agrees with the geomagnetic secular changes observed at other places in Japan.
Evaluating Enterprise Architecture Frameworks Using Essential Elements

Enterprise architecture (EA) frameworks offer principles, models, and guidance to help one develop an EA program. Due to EA’s flexible and abstract nature, there is a proliferation of EA frameworks in practice. Yet, comparison studies to make sense of them are far from satisfactory in that they lack a theoretical foundation for comparison criteria and do not meaningfully interpret the differences. In this paper, I propose a comparison approach using EA essential elements—the underlying key features of EA programs—to distinguish EA frameworks. Based on the extant literature, I identify eight elements, each with its own theoretical justification and empirical evidence. I illustrate how to use these elements to evaluate eight popular EA frameworks. The results show three ideal types of EA frameworks: technical, operational, and strategic EA. Each type has a different focus, set of assumptions, and historical context. The essential elements offer a more systematic way to evaluate EA frameworks. In addition, they shift attention from the maturity models often used in EA development to focus on particular EA elements being implemented by organizations.
An Examination of the Impacts of Urbanization on Green Space Access and Water Resources: A Developed and Developing World Perspective

xi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Global Changes . 1 1.1.1 Urbanization in Latin America – Peri-Urban Expansion . 5 1.1.2 Suburban Sprawl in the United States . 7 1.2 Urban Amenities – Green Space and Water Resources . 8 1.3 Research Objectives . 11 1.4 Dissertation Overview . 13 Chapter 2: Evaluating the Social, Economic, and Environmental Drivers of Urban Brownfields Redevelopment in Santa Cruz, Bolivia . 16 2.