Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological Health and Optimism amongst Unemployed Graduates in Zimbabwe

The study sought to examine the relationship between optimism and general health amongst unemployed graduates in Zimbabwe. Most of the studies on unemployment have focused on job loss but this study is based on failure to get employment after graduating with a university degree in a resource-constrained environment. One hundred and twelve (112) graduates were selected using non-probability sampling methods. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilised to analyse data. Age and period after graduation were found to be negatively related to both general health and optimism amongst the unemployed graduates. Overall optimism and general health were found to be inversely related. The study calls for the need for psychological interventions for unemployed graduates in Zimbabwe.
Methodology for the Design and Evaluation of Ontologies

As information systems play a more active role in the management and operations of an enterprise, the demands on these systems have also increased. Departing from their traditional role as simple repositories of data, information systems must now provide more sophisticated support to manual and automated decision making; they must not only answer queries with what is explicitly represented in their Enterprise Model, but must be able to answer queries with what is implied by the model. The goal of the TOVE (TOronto Virtual Enterprise) Enterprise Modelling project is to create the next generation Enterprise Model, a Common Sense Enterprise Model. By common sense we mean that an Enterprise Model has the ability to deduce answers to queries that require relatively shallow knowledge of the domain. We are taking what can be viewed as a `second generation knowledge engineering' approach to constructing our Common Sense Enterprise Model. Rather than extracting rules from experts, we are `engineering ontologies. ' An ontology is a formal description of entities and their properties, relationships, constraints, behaviours. Through interaction with our industrial partners, we encounter problems that arise in their particular enterprises. Our approach to engineering ontologies begins with using these problems to de ne an ontology's requirements in the form of questions that an ontology must be able to answer. We call this the competency of the ontology. The second step is to de ne the terminology of the ontology its objects, attributes, and relations. In this way the ontology provides the language that will be used to express the de nitions in the terminology and the constraints required by the application. The third step is to specify the de nitions and constraints on the terminology, where possible. The speci cations are represented in First Order Logic and implemented in Prolog. Lastly, we test the competency of the ontology by proving completeness theorems with respect to the competency questions. Our initial e orts have focused on ontologies to support reasoning in industrial environments. The tasks that we have targeted to support are in `supply chain management' which extends MRP (Manufacturing Requirements Planning) to include logistics/distribution [Fox
Decreased attendance at routine health activities mediates deterioration in nutritional status of young African children under worsening socioeconomic conditions.

BACKGROUND Economic crisis and sociopolitical instability are generally associated with worsening health and nutrition in developing countries. This study examines the role played by the attendance rate of young children at routine health activities in the deterioration of their nutritional status under adverse social and economic conditions. METHODS Two nutritional cross-sectional surveys were carried out in two districts of Brazzaville, capital city of The Congo, in 1993 and 1996. They included respectively 2807 and 1695 randomly selected children 4--23 months old. The children's nutritional status was assessed by height-for-age in z-scores. Using embedded general linear regression models, explanatory variables (routine health activities index, socio-demographic context, household economic level, prenatal factors) were tested as potential mediators for the effect of the year of survey on child mean height-for-age. RESULTS The routine health activities index declined sharply from 1993 to 1996. Its introduction in the regression model including all other explanatory variables led to a sharp decrease in the effect of the year on children's nutritional status, showing the important mediating effect of routine health activities. This result was encountered across all economic categories of households. Other explanatory variables showed more limited mediating effect. CONCLUSIONS Attendance at preventive health activities should be fostered in African urban communities facing harsh socioeconomic situations to prevent further deterioration in the nutritional status of children.
A PDF-Based Microphysics Parameterization for Simulation of Drizzling Boundary Layer Clouds

Formulating the contribution of subgrid-scale (SGS) variability to microphysical processes in boundary layer and deep convective cloud parameterizations is a challenging task because of the complexity of microphysical processes and the lack of subgrid-scale information. In this study, a warm-rain microphysics parameterization that is based on a joint double-Gaussian distribution of vertical velocity, liquid water potential temperature, total water mixing ratio, and perturbation of rainwater mixing ratio is developed to simulate drizzling boundary layer clouds with a single column model (SCM). The probability distribution function (PDF) is assumed, but its parameters evolve according to equations that invoke higher-order turbulence closure. These parameters are determined from the first-, second-, and third-order moments and are then used to derive analytical expressions for autoconversion, collection, and evaporation rates. The analytical expressions show that correlation between rainwater and liquid water mixing ratios of the Gaussians enhances the collection rate whereas that between saturation deficit and rainwater mixing ratios of the Gaussians enhances the evaporation rate. Cases of drizzling shallow cumulus and stratocumulus are simulated with large-eddy simulation (LES) and SCM runs (SCM-CNTL and SCM-M): LES explicitly resolves SGS variability, SCM-CNTL parameterizes SGS variability with the PDF-based scheme, but SCM-M uses the grid-mean profiles to calculate the conversion rates of microphysical processes. SCM-CNTL can well reproduce the autoconversion, collection, and evaporation rates from LES. Comparisons between the two SCM experiments showed improvements in mean profiles of potential temperature, total water mixing ratio, liquid water, and cloud amount in the simulations considering SGS variability. A 3-week integration using the PDF-based microphysics scheme indicates that the scheme is stable for long-term simulations.
STUDYING THE IMPORTANT PARAMETERS IN EARTHQUAKE SIMULATION BASED ON STOCHASTIC FINITE FAULT MODELING

Opposite to the long period ground motions that can be predicted and estimated, high frequency ground motions have random quality and behave stochastically. Bore stochastic method can be used for modeling high frequency ground motions where there is no accelerograghic record. Stochastic modeling methods are of two kinds: in the first one, seismic source is a point source and in the second, named modeling based on finite fault, seismic source is a rectangular fault plane divided by the same point sources in its longitudinal and traversal directions. Three parametersquality factor, kappa and stress drop, the important parameters in modeling, are considered in this study. Here, it is found that the main effect of quality factor is on the high frequencies and variation of this parameter has no significant effect on the spectral accelerations in low frequencies. The spectral acceleration and maximum ground acceleration (PGA) decrease when kappa increases; however, the acceleration reduction is higher in high frequencies. Finally, the stress drop increment makes the spectral acceleration increase significantly in high frequencies. In this research the effect of shear wave velocity and density on the modeled accelerations are studied as well.
Spectral statistics for random Schr\"odinger operators in the localized regime

We study various statistics related to the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of random Hamiltonians in the localized regime. Consider a random Hamiltonian at an energy $E$ in the localized phase. Assume the density of states function is not too flat near $E$. Restrict it to some large cube $\Lambda$. Consider now $I_\Lambda$, a small energy interval centered at $E$ that asymptotically contains infintely many eigenvalues when the volume of the cube $\Lambda$ grows to infinity. We prove that, with probability one in the large volume limit, the eigenvalues of the random Hamiltonian restricted to the cube inside the interval are given by independent identically distributed random variables, up to an error of size an arbitrary power of the volume of the cube. As a consequence, we derive * uniform Poisson behavior of the locally unfolded eigenvalues, * a.s. Poisson behavior of the joint distibutions of the unfolded energies and unfolded localization centers in a large range of scales. * the distribution of the unfolded level spacings, locally and globally, * the distribution of the unfolded localization centers, locally and globally.
Effects of Pulmonary Insufficiency on Biventricular Function in the Developing Heart of Growing Swine

Background—This study was conducted to determine the effects of chronic pulmonary insufficiency (PI) on right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular function in young growing swine. Methods and Results—Six PI and 5 control animals were studied. PI was induced by transcatheter placement of stents across the pulmonary valve. Indices of systolic function (ejection fraction, cardiac output, and cardiac functional reserve), diastolic function (compliance), and myocardial contractility (the slope of the relationship of end-systolic pressure versus end-systolic volume [Emax] and the slope of the dP/dtmax–end-diastolic volume relationship [MdP/dt]) were assessed within 2 days of intervention and 3 months later. MRI was used to quantify PI and ventricular volumes. Conductance catheter techniques were used to obtain indices of contractility and diastolic compliance from pressure-volume relations at rest and under dobutamine infusion. In the PI group, pulmonary regurgitant fraction was 49.2±5.9% at 3-month follow-up. RV cardiac functional reserve was limited, diastolic function was preserved, and myocardial contractility was altered (Emax=2.6±0.3 mm Hg/mL for the PI group versus 3.5±0.4 mm Hg/mL for control; P <0.01). LV cardiac functional reserve was limited, ventricular compliance decreased, and myocardial contractility was preserved. Conclusions—In the young developing heart, chronic PI alters biventricular systolic function, RV myocardial contractility, and LV diastolic performance.
M+: a scheme for multi-robot cooperation through negotiated task allocation and achievement

We present and discuss a distributed scheme for multi-robot cooperation. It integrates mission planning and task refinement as well as cooperative mechanisms adapted from the contract net protocol framework. We discuss its role and how it can be integrated as a component of a complete robot control system. We also discuss how it handles distributed task allocation and achievement as well as cooperative reaction to contingencies. Finally, we illustrate its use through a simulated system, which allows a number of robots to perform load transfer tasks in a route network environment.
Allometric and Non-Allometric Patterns in Sexual Dimorphism Discrimination of Wing Shape in Ophion intricatus: Might Two Male Morphotypes Coexist?

Abstract Bees and wasps could exhibit shape and size sexual dimorphism, and most of their morphological variation could depend on phenotypic responses due to environmental pressure during ontogenetic development. More complex measurement techniques related to size and shape rather than simply to mass and length should be required to analyze such a complex sexual dimorphism. In this study, differences related to wing shape and size of males and females of Ophion intricatus Brullé (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were evaluated using geometric morphometrics. Right and left wings of specimens were used, and a photographic matrix was constructed in which 18 morphological landmarks based on shape and vein patterns of the wings were digitalized. A multivariate analysis of wing shape showed significant differences between sexes and sites. The geometric variation demonstrated that the points at the intersection of radial and cubital-anal veins might be key characters to differentiate between sexes. This study also showed the presence of two clearly different male morphotypes coexisting in the same study site. However, it should be noted that the results of this study showed that the variation in wing shape is an analytical character in the determination of sexual differences in the family Ichneumonidae. These differences raise the question of whether sexual dimorphism of wing shape may be modulated by natural selection.
Microneme Rhomboid Protease TgROM1 Is Required for Efficient Intracellular Growth of Toxoplasma gondii

ABSTRACT Rhomboids are serine proteases that cleave their substrates within the transmembrane domain. Toxoplasma gondii contains six rhomboids that are expressed in different life cycle stages and localized to different cellular compartments. Toxoplasma rhomboid protein 1 (TgROM1) has previously been shown to be active in vitro, and the orthologue in Plasmodium falciparum processes the essential microneme protein AMA1 in a heterologous system. We investigated the role of TgROM1 to determine its role during in vitro growth of T. gondii. TgROM1 was localized in the secretory pathway of the parasite, including the Golgi apparatus and micronemes, which contain adhesive proteins involved in invasion of host cells. However, unlike other micronemal proteins, TgROM1 was not released onto the parasite surface during cell invasion, suggesting it does not play a critical role in cell invasion. Suppression of TgROM1 using the tetracycline-regulatable system revealed that ROM1-deficient parasites were outcompeted by wild-type T. gondii. ROM1-deficient parasites showed only modest decrease in invasion but replicated more slowly than wild-type cells. Collectively, these results indicate that ROM1 is required for efficient intracellular growth by T. gondii.
Knowledge Translation Practices, Enablers, and Constraints: Bridging the Research–Practice Divide in Sport Management

Funding bodies seek to promote scientific research that has a social or economic impact beyond academia, including in sport management. Knowledge translation in sport management remains largely implicit and is yet to be fully understood. This study examines how knowledge translation in sport management can be conceptualized and fostered. The authors draw on a comparative analysis of coproduced research projects in Belgium and Australia to identify the strategic, cognitive, and logistic translation practices that researchers adopt, as well as enablers and constraints that affect knowledge translation. The findings show ways in which knowledge translation may be facilitated and supported, such as codesign, boundary spanning, adaptation of research products, and linkage and exchange activities. The findings reveal individual, organizational, and external constraints that need to be recognized and, where possible, managed.
Is there a quad problem among optical gravitational lenses?

Most of the optical gravitational lenses recently discovered in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search (SQLS) have two-images rather than four-images, in marked contrast to radio lenses for which the fraction of four-image lenses (quad fraction) is quite high. We revisit the quad fraction among optical lenses by taking the selection function of the SQLS into account. We find that the current observed quad fraction in the SQLS is indeed lower than, but consistent with, the prediction of our theoretical model. The low quad fraction among optical lenses, together with the high quad fraction among radio lenses, implies that the quasar optical luminosity function has a relatively shallow faint end slope.
RESA-OLSR: RESources-aware OLSR-based routing mechanism for mobile ad-hoc networks

This paper describes the performance enhancements of the routing mechanism for mobile ad-hoc networks. The presented solution is based on the proactive Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol. A new method was introduced to calculate the node performance metric with respect to the local resources, i.e., the battery level and the available bandwidth. This metric is reflected by the Willingness value disseminated by each node running OLSR and used to select Multi Point Relays (MPRs). Simulation results demonstrate that the advantages of the solution are better network reliability and increased lifetime.
Near real-time face parsing

Commercial applications like driver assistance programs in cars, smile detection softwares in cameras typically require reliable facial landmark points like the location of eyes, lips etc. and face pose at near real-time. Current methods are often unreliable, very cumbersome or computationally intensive. In this work, we focus on implementing a reliable and real-time method which parses an image and detects faces, estimates their pose and locates landmark points on the face. Our method builds on the existing literature. The method can work both for images and videos.
OPEN CLUSTERS AS GALACTIC DISK TRACERS. I. PROJECT MOTIVATION, CLUSTER MEMBERSHIP, AND BULK THREE-DIMENSIONAL KINEMATICS

We have begun a survey of the chemical and dynamical properties of the Milky Way disk as traced by open star clusters. In this first contribution, the general goals of our survey are outlined and the strengths and limitations of using star clusters as a Galactic disk tracer sample are discussed. We also present medium-resolution (R ∼ 15, 0000) spectroscopy of open cluster stars obtained with the Hydra multi-object spectrographs on the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 4 m and WIYN 3.5 m telescopes. Here we use these data to determine the radial velocities of 3436 stars in the fields of open clusters within about 3 kpc, with specific attention to stars having proper motions in the Tycho-2 catalog. Additional radial velocity members (without Tycho-2 proper motions) that can be used for future studies of these clusters were also identified. The radial velocities, proper motions, and the angular distance of the stars from cluster center are used to derive cluster membership probabilities for stars in each cluster field using a non-parametric approach, and the cluster members so identified are used, in turn, to derive the reliable bulk three-dimensional motion for 66 of 71 targeted open clusters. The high-probability cluster members that we identify help to clarify the color–magnitude sequences for many of the clusters, and are prime targets for future echelle resolution spectroscopy as well as astrometric study with the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM Planetquest).
Automated Building Detection Via Effective Separation of Trees and Buildings

Automated building detection has been an active topic in photogrammetry and computer vision. One of the challenges is to effectively separate buildings from trees using aerial imagery and Lidar data. In cases where an adopted building detection technique cannot distinguish between these two classes of objects, the presence of trees in the scene can increase the rates of both false positives and false negatives in the building detection process. This paper presents an automatic building detection technique which exhibits improved separation of buildings from trees. In addition to using traditional features such as height, width and colour, the improved detector uses texture and edge orientation information from both Lidar and orthoimagery. Therefore, image entropy and colour information are jointly applied to remove easily distinguishable trees. Afterwards, a rule-based procedure using the edge orientation histogram from the imagery is followed to eliminate false positive candidates. The improved detector has been tested on a number of scenes from three different test areas. It is demonstrated that the algorithm performs well even in complex scenes and a 10% increase both in completeness and correctness has been achieved.
An Unusual Koi Herpesvirus Associated with a Mortality Event of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio in New York State, USA

Koi herpesvirus (KHV), a highly contagious and lethal virus that affects both koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio), was isolated in 1998 from two outbreaks of koi suffering mass mortality in New York State, USA, and in Israel. The disease had been described as early as 1996 in Europe. In July 2004, this virus was found associated with a mass mortality event in wild common carp in the Chadakoin River, New York, USA (42°07′N, 79°W). Affected fish typically showed marked hyperplasia of gill tissues, abdominal adhesions, and severe multifocal to diffuse external hemorrhages. The virus isolated in this outbreak was somewhat unusual in that it initially replicated well in fathead minnow cell cultures, which is typical of spring viremia of carp virus. Testing at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, Iowa, USA, confirmed the virus's identity to be KHV. Koi herpesvirus is not currently on the OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) list of notifiable diseases; however, it is capable of causing mass mortality in susceptible fish at permissive temperatures.
Bending and twisting elasticity: A revised Marko-Siggia model on DNA chirality

A revised Marko-Siggia elastic model for the DNA double helix [Macromolecules 27, 981 (1994)] is proposed, which includes the inextensible wormlike chain bending energy and a new chiral twisting energy term. It is predicted that the mean helical repeat length (HRL) for short DNA rings increases with decreasing chain length, while for very long chains in solution, their mean HRL has the same value longer than that for rectilinear DNAs, independent both of the chain length and of whether the ends are closed. These theoretical results are in good agreement with recent experimental investigations, and it might be possible that the chirality in twisting will account for the long-standing linking number deficit puzzle observed in organelle DNAs. [S1063-651X(98)06210-2].
A clinical decision and support system with automatically ECG classification in telehealthcare

Telehealthcare is a global trend affecting clinical practice in the world. With the progress and development of telecommunication technologies, telecom facilities have afforded telehealthcare a new approach for chronic disease management. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is commonly used to detect abnormal heart rhythms and to investigate the cause of heart abnormalities. To reduce the cardiologists' loading and to provide a continuously telehealthcare, we developed a clinical decision and support system (CDSS) with automatic recognition of the ECG in real-time analysis. In addition, we adopted the approach of noise reduction and feature extraction for support vector machine (SVM) implementation with automatic learning algorithms. The automatic interpretation of ECG could provide assistance to physicians in decision-making, especially with large volumes of data. According to the preliminary results of automatic classification models, we acquired 88.4% sensitivity, for noise detection model, 85.9% specificity for sinus classification model and 89.1% sensitivity for disease classification model, respectively. However, it is not reliable enough to obviate the need for physician's diagnosis and confirmation. We should put much effort on enhancing the performance of ECG interpretation in the future.