Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE FUNGUS GNATS (DIPTERA: BOLITOPHILIDAE, KEROPLATIDAE, MYCETOPHILIDAE) OF SARDINIA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF SIX NEW SPECIES

The fungus gnat fauna of Sardinia is reviewed and data presented for all species recorded. Altogether one species of Bolitophilidae, 16 species of Keroplatidae and 105 species of Mycetophilidae are recognised as occurring in Sardinia. As the bolitophilid and two of the mycetophilid species are represented only by females and are not determined to species level, the total confirmed Sardinian list stands at 119 species. Four species of Keroplatidae and 19 species of Mycetophilidae are new to the total Italian fauna, whereas three species of Keroplatidae and 32 species of Mycetophilidae are newly recorded for the island of Sardinia. Six species are described as new to science: two Keroplatidae (Urytalpa juliae sp. nov., Macrocera nuragica sp. nov.) and four Mycetophilidae (Boletina ichnusa sp. nov., Trichonta sandalyon sp. nov., Sciophila benjaminbottomi sp. nov., Sciophila immodesta sp. nov.). The new synonymy Zygomyia valida Winnertz, 1863 = Zygomyia simplex Strobl, 1895 syn. nov. is established. Macrocera penicillata Costa, 1857 is tentatively considered as a synonym of M. phalerata Meigen, 1818. Label data are provided for 5 and 17 species recorded without further detail in the Fauna Europaea online database, respectively from Italian mainland and Sicily; one species, Mycetophila alea Laffoon, 1965 is newly recorded for Sicily. Three species based onunconfirmed 19 th century records cited by Hellrigl from South Tyrol should be deleted from the Italian list: Exechiopsis indecisa (Walker, 1856), Mycetophila signata Meigen, 1830 and Mycomya storai Vaisanen, 1979.
Explicit image detection using YCbCr space color model as skin detection

In this paper a novel way to detect explicit content images is proposed using the YCbCr space color, moreover the color pixels percentage that are within the image is calculated which are susceptible to be a tone skin. The main goal to use this method is to apply to forensic analysis or pornographic images detection on storage devices such as hard disk, USB memories, etc. The results obtained using the proposed method are compared with Paraben's Porn Detection Stick software which is one of the most commercial devices used for detecting pornographic images. The proposed algorithm achieved identify up to 88.8% of the explicit content images, and 5% of false positives, the Paraben's Porn Detection Stick software achieved 89.7% of effectiveness for the same set of images but with a 6.8% of false positives. In both cases were used a set of 1000 images, 550 natural images, and 450 with highly explicit content. Finally the proposed algorithm effectiveness shows that the methodology applied to explicit image detection was successfully proved vs Paraben's Porn Detection Stick software.
A dynamic programming approach to the power supply net sizing problem

The author presents a simple dynamic programming approach to find minimum area sizings of power supply nets in VLSI circuits in time O(( Delta A)/sup 2/n), where n is the number of modules and Delta A is the difference between an upper bound of the area and the lower bound resulting from minimum feature size and electromigration constraints. In opposition to known algorithms from literature, this algorithm determines an integer solution and has time and space bounds which can be predicted before running the algorithm. Some heuristics for computing upper bounds and reducing time and space requirements as well as first experimental experiences are included. <<ETX>>
Selective plasticity of hippocampal GABAergic interneuron populations following kindling of different brain regions

The vulnerability and plasticity of hippocampal GABAergic interneurons is a topic of broad interest and debate in the field of epilepsy. In this experiment, we used the electrical kindling model of epilepsy to determine whether seizures that originate in different brain regions have differential effects on hippocampal interneuron subpopulations. Long‐Evans rats received 99 electrical stimulations of the hippocampus, amygdala, or caudate nucleus, followed by sacrifice and immunohistochemical or western blot analyses. We analyzed markers of dendritic (somatostatin), perisomatic (parvalbumin), and interneuron‐selective (calretinin) inhibition, as well as an overall indicator (GAD67) of interneuron distribution across all major hippocampal subfields. Our results indicate that kindling produces selective effects on the number and morphology of different functional classes of GABAergic interneurons. In particular, limbic kindling appears to enhance dendritic inhibition, indicated by a greater number of somatostatin‐immunoreactive (‐ir) cells in the CA1 pyramidal layer and robust morphological sprouting in the dentate gyrus. We also found a reduction in the number of interneuron‐selective calretinin‐ir cells in the dentate gyrus of hippocampal‐kindled rats, which suggests a possible reduction of synchronized dendritic inhibition. In contrast, perisomatic inhibition indicated by parvalbumin immunoreactivity appears to be largely resilient to the effects of kindling. Finally, we found a significant induction in the number of GAD67‐cells in caudate‐kindled rats in the dentate gyrus and CA3 hippocampal subfields. Taken together, our results demonstrate that kindling has subfield‐selective effects on the different functional classes of hippocampal GABAergic interneurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:389–406, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparison of classical and learning controllers

Abstract This paper focuses on evaluating Locally Weighted Projection Regression (LWPR) as an alternative control method to traditional model-based control schemes. LWPR is used to estimate the inverse dynamics function of a 6 degree of freedom (DOF) manipulator. The performance of the resulting controller is compared to that of the resolved acceleration and the adaptive computed torque (ACT) controller. Simulations are carried out in order to evaluate the position and orientation tracking performance of each controller while varying trajectory velocities, end effector loading and errors in the known parameters. Both the adaptive controller and LWPR controller have comparable performance in the presence of parametric uncertainty including friction. The ACT controller outperforms LWPR when the dynamic structure is accurately known and the trajectory is persistently exciting.
Stability Analysis of Coupled Van Der Pol's Oscillator

Nature being so nonlinear provides substantial reasoning to study the nonlinear dynamics inherited by the systems. Almost all of the systems that exist are nonlinear and analysis of such type of systems is necessary to understand a certain phenomenon. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of a coupled van der Pol's oscillator with the study of limit cycles. In order to get an approximate analytical solution of coupled van der Pol's (CVDP) oscillator system, a well-known perturbation technique, Method of Multiple Scales (MMS), is used. Stability and periodic construction of the van der Pol's system is examined by means of Floquet Multipliers and Shooting Method. Eigenvalues of Monodromy Matrix, a by-product of shooting method, are analysed to distinguish between hyperbolic and non-hyperbolic solutions of the system.
The Impact of Cognitive Deficits and Spasticity on Driving Simulator Performance in Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease that can result in numerous sequelae. Although spasticity and cognitive dysfunction are common in MS, few studies have examined the impact of both factors on driving abilities in persons with physical impairments. The present study assessed driving performance in control participants and MS patients with documented spasticity using two brief simulations designed to measure lane tracking (under high cognitive load) and car following behavior. Seventeen MS patients and 9 controls participated in the study. The MS cohort exhibited a broad range of cognitive functioning (normal to significant impairment) and disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale scores of 3.0 to 7.5). Eight of the MS patients had significant spasticity in their right knee based upon the Modified Ashworth Spasticity Scale. MS patients had greater difficulty than controls on the simulations, particularly on the car following task. MS participants also tended to drive at higher speeds than the control participants. Within the MS cohort, cognitive dysfunction was most strongly associated with lane tracking decrements, whereas the possible relationship between cognitive function and car following behavior was eclipsed by lower limb spasticity. Spastic individuals had greater difficulty mirroring speed changes in the lead car, and were approximately one second slower in responding to its accelerations and decelerations. The current simulations provide important data regarding the impact various MS sequelae may have on driving performance, and may ultimately lead to clinical recommendations regarding specific driving behaviors and their associated risks.
Active disturbance rejection controller based on particle swarm optimization for hydraulic automatic position control system

In view of Hydraulic Automatic Position Control (HAPC) with uncertainty and nonlinearity, the model of HAPC system is established. Then, a controller independent on the model is designed. And particle swarm optimization (PSO) is presented for parameters optimization of the ADRC controller. Finally, ADRC optimized by PSO is selected as the controller for HAPC system and the simulation results show that it has better performance in tracking, anti-interference and robustness compared with other three algorithms.
Free Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharide and IL-1α Induce Adipocyte Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Which Is Increased in Visceral Adipose Tissues of Obese Rodents

Excess fat storage in adipocytes is associated with increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impaired activity of antioxidant mechanisms. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in detoxification of ROS, and objective of the current study is to analyze expression and regulation of MnSOD in obesity. MnSOD is increased in visceral but not subcutaneous fat depots of rodents kept on high fat diets (HFD) and ob/ob mice. MnSOD is elevated in visceral adipocytes of fat fed mice and exposure of differentiating 3T3-L1 cells to lipopolysaccharide, IL-1α, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated free fatty acids (FFA) upregulates its level. FFA do not alter cytochrome oxidase 4 arguing against overall induction of mitochondrial enzymes. Upregulation of MnSOD in fat loaded cells is not mediated by IL-6, TNF or sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 which are induced in these cells. MnSOD is similarly abundant in perirenal fat of Zucker diabetic rats and non-diabetic animals with similar body weight and glucose has no effect on MnSOD in 3T3-L1 cells. To evaluate whether MnSOD affects adipocyte fat storage, MnSOD was knocked-down in adipocytes for the last three days of differentiation and in mature adipocytes. Knock-down of MnSOD does neither alter lipid storage nor viability of these cells. Heme oxygenase-1 which is induced upon oxidative stress is not altered while antioxidative capacity of the cells is modestly reduced. Current data show that inflammation and excess triglyceride storage raise adipocyte MnSOD which is induced in epididymal adipocytes in obesity.
Performance Comparison of AODV and CAODV Routing Protocol using Cognitive Radios

The Cognitive Radio (CR) technology has evolved in the recent past to solve the problem of wireless networks resulting from the limited available spectrum. The networks employing cognitive radios are termed as Cognitive Radio Ad hoc Networks (CRAHN). These networks employ: Primary Users (PUs) and Secondary Users (SUs), PU is the one that have licensed band while the SU uses the licensed band of PU opportunistically for communication purpose. To have communication in CRAHN, a routing protocol is required. The performance of this protocol depends upon various factors such as: mobility, transmission range, number of nodes deployed and environment. This paper is an effort to measure the efficacy of routing protocol by varying the above mentioned factors. For this purpose we implemented a Cognitive Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector (CAODV) routing protocol in MATLAb-09. Moreover, this paper also shows the advantage of CAODV over the standard protocol AODV.
Vote calibration in community question-answering systems

User votes are important signals in community question-answering (CQA) systems. Many features of typical CQA systems, e.g. the best answer to a question, status of a user, are dependent on ratings or votes cast by the community. In a popular CQA site, Yahoo! Answers, users vote for the best answers to their questions and can also thumb up or down each individual answer. Prior work has shown that these votes provide useful predictors for content quality and user expertise, where each vote is usually assumed to carry the same weight as others. In this paper, we analyze a set of possible factors that indicate bias in user voting behavior -- these factors encompass different gaming behavior, as well as other eccentricities, e.g., votes to show appreciation of answerers. These observations suggest that votes need to be calibrated before being used to identify good answers or experts. To address this problem, we propose a general machine learning framework to calibrate such votes. Through extensive experiments based on an editorially judged CQA dataset, we show that our supervised learning method of content-agnostic vote calibration can significantly improve the performance of answer ranking and expert ranking.
Reputation Effects in Social Networks Do Not Promote Cooperation: An Experimental Test of the Raub & Weesie Model

Despite the popularity of the notion that social cohesion in the form of dense social networks promotes cooperation in Prisoner’s Dilemmas through reputation, very little experimental evidence for this claim exists. We address this issue by testing hypotheses from one of the few rigorous game-theoretic models on this topic, the Raub & Weesie model, in two incentivized lab experiments. In the experiments, 156 subjects played repeated two-person PDs in groups of six. In the “atomized interactions” condition, subjects were only informed about the outcomes of their own interactions, while in the “embedded” condition, subjects were informed about the outcomes of all interactions in their group, allowing for reputation effects. The design of the experiments followed the specification of the RW model as closely as possible. For those aspects of the model that had to be modified to allow practical implementation in an experiment, we present additional analyses that show that these modifications do not affect the predictions. Contrary to expectations, we do not find that cooperation is higher in the embedded condition than in the atomized interaction. Instead, our results are consistent with an interpretation of the RW model that includes random noise, or with learning models of cooperation in networks.
Do We Really Have to Consider Covariance Matrices for Image Feature Points

We first describe in a unified way how to compute the covariance matrix from the gray levels of the image. We then experimentally investigate whether or not the computed covariance matrix actually reflects the accuracy of the feature position by doing subpixel correction using variable template matching. We also test if the accuracy of the homography and the fundamental matrix can really be improved by optimization using the covariance matrix computed from the gray levels. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(1): 1–10, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10042
Climate Change Will Make Recovery from Eutrophication More Difficult in Shallow Danish Lake Søbygaard

Complex lake ecosystem models can assist lake managers in developing management plans counteracting the eutrophication symptoms that are expected to be a result of climate change. We applied the ecological model PCLake based on 22 years of data from shallow, eutrophic Lake Sobygaard, Denmark and simulated multiple combinations of increasing temperatures (0–6 °C), reduced external nutrient loads (0%–98%) with and without internal phosphorus loading. Simulations suggest nitrogen to be the main limiting nutrient for primary production, reflecting ample phosphorus release from the sediment. The nutrient loading reduction scenarios predicted increased diatom dominance, accompanied by an increase in the zooplankton:phytoplankton biomass ratio. Simulations generally showed phytoplankton to benefit from a warmer climate and the fraction of cyanobacteria to increase. In the 6 °C warming scenario, a nutrient load reduction of as much as 60% would be required to achieve summer chlorophyll-a levels similar to those of the baseline scenario with present-day temperatures.
3D dynamic walking on stepping stones with control barrier functions

3D dynamical walking subject to precise footstep placements is crucial for navigating real world terrain with discrete footholds. We present a novel methodology that combines control Lyapunov functions-to achieve periodic walking-and control Barrier functions-to enforce strict constraints on step length and step width-unified in a single optimization-based controller. We numerically validate our proposed method by demonstrating dynamic 3D walking at 0.6 m/s on DURUS, a 23 degree-of-freedom underactuated humanoid robot.
Assessment of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Ovarian Cancer Mortality

Background: Invasive ovarian cancer is a significant cause of gynecologic cancer mortality. Methods: We examined whether this mortality was associated with inherited variation in approximately 170 candidate genes/regions [993 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] in a multistage analysis based initially on 312 Mayo Clinic cases (172 deaths). Additional analyses used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; 127 cases, 62 deaths). For the most compelling gene, we immunostained Mayo Clinic tissue microarrays (TMA, 326 cases) and conducted consortium-based SNP replication analysis (2,560 cases, 1,046 deaths). Results: The strongest initial mortality association was in HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) at rs1800793 (HR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.3–2.2, P = 2.0 × 10−5) and with overall variation in HGF (gene-level test, P = 3.7 × 10−4). Analysis of TCGA data revealed consistent associations [e.g., rs5745709 (r2 = 0.96 with rs1800793): TCGA HR = 2.4, CI = 1.4–4.1, P = 2.2 × 10−3; Mayo Clinic + TCGA HR = 1.6, CI = 1.3–1.9, P = 7.0 × 10−5] and suggested genotype correlation with reduced HGF mRNA levels (P = 0.01). In Mayo Clinic TMAs, protein levels of HGF, its receptor MET (C-MET), and phospho-MET were not associated with genotype and did not serve as an intermediate phenotype; however, phospho-MET was associated with reduced mortality (P = 0.01) likely due to higher expression in early-stage disease. In eight additional ovarian cancer case series, HGF rs5745709 was not associated with mortality (HR = 1.0, CI = 0.9–1.1, P = 0.87). Conclusions: We conclude that although HGF signaling is critical to migration, invasion, and apoptosis, it is unlikely that HGF genetic variation plays a major role in ovarian cancer mortality. Furthermore, any minor role is not related to genetically-determined expression. Impact: Our study shows the utility of multiple data types and multiple data sets in observational studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(8); 1638–48. ©2011 AACR.
Association between upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and mental health status in office workers.

BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) can lead to potential adverse consequences for individuals and their organizations, and in various research, its relationship to physical and mental health of workforce has been studied. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of MSDs of upper extremities among office workers and its association with mental health status. METHODS In this cross sectional study, 1488 out of 1630 office workers completed the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Ques-tionnaire and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) (response rate = 91.3%). RESULTS Upper extremity MSDs were reported in 410 (27.5%) office workers, including 269 (18.1%) shoulder, 79 (5.3%) elbow and 207 (13.9%) hand/wrist symptoms. Based on GHQ-28, 254 (17.1%) participants were found to be at risk of developing a psychiatric disorder that were observed in 26.7% of workers with MSDs symptoms. Shoulder (p < 0.001), elbow (p < 0.001) and hand/wrist (p < 0.001) MSDs were associated with poor mental health. Among the four GHQ-28 subscales (somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction, and depression), anxiety/insomnia was strongly correlated with shoulders (P < 0.001), elbows (P = 0.002), and hands/wrists (P < 0.001) symptoms. CONCLUSION Office workers with upper extremity MSDs were more likely to be experiencing mental distress. This indicates a need for greater emphasis on preventive programs at workplace to support their psychological well-being.
An abstract representation for molecular graphs

The design of a synthesis strategy in Organic Chemistry rests on the perception of the target molecule. This one has to be perceived from several viewpoints: topology, stereochemistry, functionality. We propose an abstract representation of molecules which describes the topological viewpoint (cycles, carbon chains and their structural relationships). This representation is based on a polynomial algorithm that computes the set of relevant cycles in the molecular graph. This set is equal to the union of all the minimum cycle bases of the graph. The abstract representation is integrated in RESYN, a system for computer-aided organic synthesis planning.
A Review on: SMS Botnet Detection

With the enormous growth of internet service, SMS services and the huge increase in the number of published applications, Short Message Service is becoming an important issue. SMS can be abused by attackers when they send SMS spam, transfer all command and control instructions, launch denial-of-service attacks to send premium-rate SMS messages without user permission. Here, propose a SMS botnet detection framework that uses signature based method on observations of SMS and there features. This system detects SMS botnets and identifies ways to block the attacks in order to prevent damage caused by these attacks. There are three methods studied which is signature based, DNS based and anomaly based. Here for detect the SMS botnet using signature based method. In this method detection can be done with using SMS Signature Matching Algorithm. This algorithm cannot detect all type of botnets, not block it when the botnets are detected and not and it malicious or not. So in future work we try to improve this algorithm with overcome its limitation, which detect all type of bonnets and if it malicious then block the botnet when incoming and outgoing SMS.