Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
'I call it stinkin' thinkin'': A qualitative analysis of metacognition in people with chronic low back pain and elevated catastrophizing.

OBJECTIVES Pain catastrophizing is widely studied in quantitative pain research because of its strong link with poor pain outcomes, although the exact nature of this construct remains unclear. Focusing on its ruminative dimension, the present qualitative study aimed to explore a nascent aspect of pain catastrophizing - metacognition - by documenting people's attitudes towards rumination and examining how these metacognitions might influence the course it takes. DESIGN Qualitative interview study. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted in a tertiary care setting with 15 adults experiencing chronic (≥6 months) low back pain who scored highly (≥30) on the Pain Catastrophising Scale. Transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. RESULTS The first aim of documenting pain metacognitions revealed both positive (e.g., 'thinking helps me to cope') and negative (e.g., 'rumination is uncontrollable') attitudes towards pain rumination. These were often held simultaneously, creating internal conflict. The second aim of exploring the influence of metacognition on rumination showed that both negative and positive metacognitions could fuel perseverative thinking. However, more nuanced negative metacognitions (e.g., 'worry is pointless') could help to end episodes of rumination by motivating the use of concrete problem-solving or active coping behaviours. CONCLUSIONS While most participants described pain rumination as uncontrollable and harmful, dwelling on pain could be helpful when focused on tangible and solvable problems, thereby translating into adaptive coping behaviours that eventually interrupt rumination. Future treatments may be more effective if they are based on individualized formulations of pain catastrophizing that focus on its perseverative nature and implicit function. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Chronic pain affects one in five people, and psychological coping responses are key targets within gold standard biopsychosocial interventions. People who have elevated pain catastrophizing tend to have worse pain outcomes, including increased pain, disability, and emotional distress. What people believe about their own thinking (i.e., their metacognitions) influences how much they worry or ruminate. What does this study add? This is the first qualitative study exploring metacognitions in people with chronic pain and the first to target a purposive sample of people with elevated pain catastrophizing. People with elevated pain catastrophizing often see rumination as uncontrollable and harmful but may simultaneously believe it helps them to solve problems or feel prepared for future threats. Pain catastrophizing is not a stable and enduring trait but fluctuates both within and across individuals in response to pain, context, metacognitive beliefs about rumination, and coping behaviours.
Characterization of cDNAs Encoding Serine Proteases and Their Transcriptional Responses to Cry1Ab Protoxin in the Gut of Ostrinia nubilalis Larvae

Serine proteases, such as trypsin and chymotrypsin, are the primary digestive enzymes in lepidopteran larvae, and are also involved in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protoxin activation and protoxin/toxin degradation. We isolated and sequenced 34 cDNAs putatively encoding trypsins, chymotrypsins and their homologs from the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) larval gut. Our analyses of the cDNA-deduced amino acid sequences indicated that 12 were putative trypsins, 12 were putative chymotrypsins, and the remaining 10 were trypsin and chymotrypsin homologs that lack one or more conserved residues of typical trypsins and chymotrypsins. Reverse transcription PCR analysis indicated that all genes were highly expressed in gut tissues, but one group of phylogenetically-related trypsin genes, OnTry-G2, was highly expressed in larval foregut and midgut, whereas another group, OnTry-G3, was highly expressed in the midgut and hindgut. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis indicated that several trypsin genes (OnTry5 and OnTry6) were significantly up-regulated in the gut of third-instar larvae after feeding on Cry1Ab protoxin from 2 to 24 h, whereas one trypsin (OnTry2) was down-regulated at all time points. Four chymotrypsin and chymotrypsin homolog genes (OnCTP2, OnCTP5, OnCTP12 and OnCTP13) were up-regulated at least 2-fold in the gut of the larvae after feeding on Cry1Ab protoxin for 24 h. Our data represent the first in-depth study of gut transcripts encoding expanded families of protease genes in O. nubilalis larvae and demonstrate differential expression of protease genes that may be related to Cry1Ab intoxication and/or resistance.
Exploring the prescribing behaviours and the mind of antibiotic prescribers is critical for a successful antibiotic stewardship programme: Results of a survey from Eastern India

Quantitative and qualitative analysis were used to ascertain practices, perceptions and barriers about antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) in an oncology hospital in eastern India. In 2014 and 2017, 62% and 69.1% of the patients audited were found to be on anti infective medications respectively. Nearly 47% of patients in the study group (2014) who were on therapeutic antibiotics had an average cost of $46.48 per patient per day (inter-quartile range: $17.23–$94.76). Antibiotic related consultations from clinical microbiologists, was found to be in demand, and education of prescribers and policymakers was identified as critical to the success of ASP.
The effects of arousal on apical amplification and conscious state

Abstract Neocortical pyramidal cells can integrate two classes of input separately and use one to modulate response to the other. Their tuft dendrites are electrotonically separated from basal dendrites and soma by the apical dendrite, and apical hyperpolarization-activated currents (Ih) further isolate subthreshold integration of tuft inputs. When apical depolarization exceeds a threshold, however, it can enhance response to the basal inputs that specify the cell’s selective sensitivity. This process is referred to as apical amplification (AA). We review evidence suggesting that, by regulating Ih in the apical compartments, adrenergic arousal controls the coupling between apical and somatic integration zones thus modifying cognitive capabilities closely associated with consciousness. Evidence relating AA to schizophrenia, sleep, and anesthesia is reviewed, and we assess theories that emphasize the relevance of AA to consciousness. Implications for theories of neocortical computation that emphasize context-sensitive modulation are summarized. We conclude that the findings concerning AA and its regulation by arousal offer a new perspective on states of consciousness, the function and evolution of neocortex, and psychopathology. Many issues worthy of closer examination arise.
Communicating Legitimacy

In 2006, a video of a middle-aged man verbally assaulting a youth in a public bus thrust user-generated content (UGC) and YouTube into the public imagination in Hong Kong. Using the concept of legitimacy from institutional theory to qualitatively analyze newspaper commentaries about the incident, this study connects journalists’ narratives to the diffusion of UGC by showing how they inadvertently promote cultural support and normative acceptance of this new media category as a consequence of efforts at paradigm-repair and boundary maintenance. Those narratives construe UGC as a legitimate coin-of-exchange: something relevant, familiar, interesting, and appropriate to engage with.
Silicified Biota in High-Altitude, Geothermally Influenced Ignimbrites at El Tatio Geyser Field, Andean Cordillera (Chile)

Biofilms and filamentous communities provided favorable sites for silica precipitation on deeply weathered ignimbrites that make up the substrate at the hydrothermal field of El Tatio (Andean Cordillera, Chile). The amorphous silica encrustation enabled the preservation of a variety of biotic and abiotic features. An integrated study based on optical/scanning electron microscopy and molecular methods of totally to partially silicified microbial communities and biofilms allowed a comparative evaluation of the microfacies and the microbial diversity in the siliceous sinters produced by the digression of a little braided stream departing from a hot spring pool. This study showed useful convergent identifications of certain groups of microbes, such as filamentous cyanobacteria attributed to the genera Phormidium and Rivularia. Together with these microbes, other presumably initial colonizers, such as the halophilic and thermophilic pennate diatoms Nitzschia and Synedra, were widely present and could have contributed to the formation of biofilms and mucus that, as potential home to early silicification, could have contributed to the preservation of microbiologically derived morphologies.
On the choice of inputs in identi " cation for robust control 1

The thesis that noisy identi"cation has close ties to the study of the singular-value decomposition of perturbed matrices is investigated. In particular by assuming an upper bound on the norm of the perturbation, one can obtain a convex parametrization of an uncertain family of systems which contains the system generating the data. In this approach, the second-smallest singular value p * of an appropriately de"ned data matrix becomes a quantity of importance as it provides an upper bound for the size of the uncertain family. This yields a new tool leading to the design of input functions which are optimal or persistently exciting from the point of view of identi"cation for robust control. ( 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Nomadic Datacenters at the Network Edge: Data Management Challenges for the Cloud with Mobile Infrastructure

The continuing growth and success of many edge technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), wearables and Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR) relies on providing a highperformance and low-latency computing infrastructure. In this paper, we envision extending edge computing with mobile, moving, and possibly flying edge datacenters, that we call nomadic datacenters to improve the performance and capacity of the edge infrastructure. In particular, we study how the introduction of nomadic datacenters will affect data management systems and find that novel challenges and opportunities need to be addressed. We present some of these challenges and opportunities in addition to an outline of how they can be tackled by future data management systems.
Terminal Sliding Mode Controller Tuned Using Evolutionary Algorithms for Finite-Time Robust Tracking Control in a Class of Nonholonomic Systems

This paper deals with utilizing a recursive singularity-free fast terminal sliding mode control method for finite-time robust tracking control in a class of nonholonomic systems described by an extended chained form. To enhance the performance of the proposed method, the constrained parameters in the controller are exactly tuned using evolutionary algorithms such that the tracking error reaches zero in a short time and without chattering. A comparative study is also presented among the applied evolutionary algorithms namely differential evolution, bat optimization, cuckoo optimization and bacterial foraging optimization. Applying the proposed design method leads to a considerable reduction in convergence time of the states as well as the chattering phenomenon. It is shown that the method is robust against disturbance in the input of the system. Numerical simulations for a well-known nonholonomic system, i.e., wheeled mobile robot demonstrate effective improvement in the results compared with conventional terminal sliding mode control method. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.itc. 47.1. 15031
A review of one-dimensional TiO2 nanostructured materials for environmental and energy applications

One-dimensional TiO2 (1D TiO2) nanomaterials with unique structural and functional properties have been extensively used in various fields including photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, photocatalytic CO2 reduction into energy fuels, water splitting, solar cells, supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. In the past few decades, 1D TiO2 nanostructured materials with a well-controlled size and morphology have been designed and synthesized. Compared to 0D and 2D nanostructures, more attention has been paid to 1D TiO2 nanostructures due to their high aspect ratio, large specific surface area, and excellent electronic or ionic charge transport properties. In this review, we present the crystal structure of TiO2 and the latest development on the fabrication of 1D TiO2 nanostructured materials. Besides, we will look into some critical engineering strategies that give rise to the excellent properties of 1D TiO2 nanostructures such as improved enlargement of the surface area, light absorption and efficient separation of electrons/holes that benefit their potential applications. Moreover, their corresponding environmental and energy applications are described and discussed. With the fast development of the current economy and technology, more and more effort will be put into endowing TiO2-based materials with advanced functionalities and other promising applications.
Studying Genetic Diversity in Moghani Sheep Using Pedigree Analysis

Studbook information collected from 1988 to 2011 in Jafarabad breeding station of Moghani sheep, north-west of Iran, related to 9,457 lambs were used to study the genetic diversity and to evaluate the effectiveness of an implemented rotational mating scheme using pedigree analysis. Lambs born during 2009-2011 were considered as reference population. Means inbreeding and average coancestry for the reference population were computed as 0.40 and 0.74%, respectively. The mean generation interval was 4.48 years with a longer generation interval on dam-progeny pathways. Average equivalent complete generation, as a measure of pedigree completeness, was 3.37. Effective population sizes were estimated to be 226 and 276 from the individual rate in coancestry and from the individual increase in inbreeding, respectively. Genealogical parameters estimated based on probabilities of gene origin including the effective numbers of founders, the effective numbers of ancestors, the effective numbers of founder genomes (founder genome equivalents) and the effective numbers of non-founder genomes considering the reference population were estimated as 143, 117, 67, and 126, respectively. Approximately, 50% of the total genetic variation was explained by the 43 most influential ancestors, with a maximum individual contribution of 3.27%. The results indicated that although some evidences on bottlenecks and genetic drift during recent years were identified in the studied population, a considerable genetic variability existed in this population due to implementation of an efficient rotational mating scheme for controlling inbreeding.
War and first onset of suicidality: the role of mental disorders

Background Suicide rates increase following periods of war; however, the mechanism through which this occurs is not known. The aim of this paper is to shed some light on the associations of war exposure, mental disorders, and subsequent suicidal behavior. Method A national sample of Lebanese adults was administered the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to collect data on lifetime prevalence and age of onset of suicide ideation, plan, and attempt, and mental disorders, in addition to information about exposure to stressors associated with the 1975–1989 Lebanon war. Results The onset of suicide ideation, plan, and attempt was associated with female gender, younger age, post-war period, major depression, impulse-control disorders, and social phobia. The effect of post-war period on each type of suicide outcome was largely explained by the post-war onset of mental disorders. Finally, the conjunction of having a prior impulse-control disorder and either being a civilian in a terror region or witnessing war-related stressors was associated with especially high risk of suicide attempt. Conclusions The association of war with increased risk of suicidality appears to be partially explained by the emergence of mental disorders in the context of war. Exposure to war may exacerbate disinhibition among those who have prior impulse-control disorders, thus magnifying the association of mental disorders with suicidality.
Assessing stakeholder perceptions of the acceptability and feasibility of national scale-up for a dual HIV/syphilis rapid diagnostic test in Malawi

Objectives The WHO recommends pregnant women receive both HIV and syphilis testing at their first antenatal care visit, as untreated maternal infections can lead to severe, adverse pregnancy outcomes. One strategy for increasing testing for both HIV and syphilis is the use of point-of-care (rapid) diagnostic tests that are simple, proven effective and inexpensive. In Malawi, pregnant women routinely receive HIV testing, but only 10% are tested for syphilis at their first antenatal care visit. This evaluation explores stakeholder perceptions of a novel, dual HIV/syphilis rapid diagnostic test and potential barriers to national scale-up of the dual test in Malawi. Methods During June and July 2015, we conducted 15 semistructured interviews with 25 healthcare workers, laboratorians, Ministry of Health leaders and partner agency representatives working in prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Malawi. We asked stakeholders about the importance of a dual rapid diagnostic test, concerns using and procuring the dual test and recommendations for national expansion. Results Stakeholders viewed the test favourably, citing the importance of a dual rapid test in preventing missed opportunities for syphilis diagnosis and treatment, improving infant outcomes and increasing syphilis testing coverage. Primary technical concerns were about the additional procedural steps needed to perform the test, the possibility that testers may not adhere to required waiting times before interpreting results and difficulty reading and interpreting test results. Stakeholders thought national scale-up would require demonstration of cost-savings, uniform coordination, revisions to testing guidelines and algorithms, training of testers and a reliable supply chain. Conclusions Stakeholders largely support implementation of a dual HIV/syphilis rapid diagnostic test as a feasible alternative to current antenatal testing. Scale-up will require addressing perceived barriers; negotiating changes to existing algorithms and guidelines; and Ministry of Health approval and funding to support training of staff and procurement of supplies.
On the substructure controls in rare variant analysis: Principal components or variance components?

Recent studies showed that population substructure (PS) can have more complex impact on rare variant tests and that similarity‐based collapsing tests (e.g., SKAT) may suffer more severely by PS than burden‐based tests. In this work, we evaluate the performance of SKAT coupling with principal components (PC) or variance components (VC) based PS correction methods. We consider confounding effects caused by PS including stratified populations, admixed populations, and spatially distributed nongenetic risk; we investigate which types of variants (e.g., common, less frequent, rare, or all variants) should be used to effectively control for confounding effects. We found that (i) PC‐based methods can account for confounding effects in most scenarios except for admixture, although the number of sufficient PCs depends on the PS complexity and the type of variants used. (ii) PCs based on all variants (i.e., common + less frequent + rare) tend to require equal or fewer sufficient PCs and often achieve higher power than PCs based on other variant types. (iii) VC‐based methods can effectively adjust for confounding in all scenarios (even for admixture), though the type of variants should be used to construct VC may vary. (iv) VC based on all variants works consistently in all scenarios, though its power may be sometimes lower than VC based on other variant types. Given that the best‐performed method and which variants to use depend on the underlying unknown confounding mechanisms, a robust strategy is to perform SKAT analyses using VC‐based methods based on all variants.
Silicon Resonator Based 3.2  $\mu$W Real Time Clock With  $\pm$10 ppm Frequency Accuracy

This paper presents an ultra-low power generic compensation scheme that is used to implement a real time clock based on an AlN-driven 1 MHz uncompensated silicon resonator achieving 3.2 μW power dissipation at 1 V and ±10 ppm frequency accuracy over a 0-50°C temperature range. It relies on the combination of fractional division and frequency interpolation for coarse and fine tuning respectively. By proper calibration and application of temperature dependent corrections, any frequency below that of the uncompensated resonator can be generated yielding programmability, resonator fabrication tolerances and temperature drift compensation without requiring a PLL. To minimize the IC area, a dual oscillator temperature measurement concept based on a ring oscillator/resistor thermal sensor was implemented yielding a resolution of 0.04°C. The IC was fabricated on a 0.18 μm 1P6M CMOS technology.
A neuropsychological study comparing patients infected with HCV and HBV without psychiatric comorbidities

Hepatitis C is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases worldwide, with well‐documented extra‐hepatic manifestations, such as a broad number of cognitive deficits. These impairments may be explained by psychiatric comorbidities, which have not been investigated properly in the literature. In order to elucidate a specific hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced cognitive impairment not related to mental disorders, neuropsychological performance of patients infected with HCV was compared with that of patients infected with hepatitis B virus cognitive impairment, especially psychiatric comorbidities. A total of 33 patients infected with HCV and 22 patients infected with HBV were included in the study. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to age or years of education. The group of patients infected with HCV performed significantly worse on visuo‐spatial memory tasks after adjusting for years of education and age. There were no significant differences between patients infected with HCV and patients infected with HBV with regards to other neuropsychological functions. The data indicate that patients infected with HCV patients have poorer visuo‐spacial memory performance than patients infected with HBV, suggesting that the cognitive deficit may be specific to HCV infection and not to secondary comorbid psychiatric disorders. J. Med. Virol. 81:1184–1188, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.