Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Extraction of Attributes and Entities for Product Differentiation

This paper introduces a novel concept of web-spreadsheet, which extracts product information by crawling through related web pages and generates information like a spreadsheet where each row represents product information and each column represents product attributes. Using Decision Tree based classiﬁer, the accuracy achieved for extracting entities and attribute-value pairs is 98.71% and 99.99% respectively. This strategy will beneﬁt the product companies for performing successful product differentiation and save a lot of time of the customers for comparing different products of same product class.
Unsupervised learning of HMM topology for text-dependent speaker verification

Usually, text-dependent speaker veriﬁcation can achieve better performance than text-independent system because of the constraint that the enrollment and testing utterance share the same phonetic content. However, the enrollment data for text-dependent system usually is very limited. Expectation Maximization(EM) training of HMM will suffer from noisy estimation because of limited enrollment. Adaptation is a popular solution in this scenario. The target model is formed by adapting the generic model based on limited speaker speciﬁc training data. Although the adaptation scheme can tolerate much less training data than direct EM method, the traditional method does not account the topology of HMM might be different for different speaker. The topology information further distinguish the target speaker from im-postors. In this paper, we propose a unsupervised learning method to learn the topology of HMM for each speaker. The experimental results indicate that with learning the topology, the framework is more effective than traditional adaptation methods. In the pure acoustic matching experiments, the proposed method is the best system under extremely small amount enrollment data(1 training utterance) and moderate training data. That mainly due to explicitly including the label information in background modeling and discriminant capability of unsupervised learning of HMM topology.
GW320659 for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children.

OBJECTIVE To assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of GW320659, a chemically novel inhibitor of norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake, in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD This was a multicenter, open-label, dose-titration study of seven daily dose levels of GW320659: 1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5,10,12.5, and 15 mg. Treatment began with the lowest dose of GW320659 and increased weekly until subjects (mean age 9.1 years) achieved a maximum acceptable dose. Subjects remained at their maximum acceptable dose for a 4-week treatment period. The key efficacy end-point was clinical response (Clinical Global Impressions of Improvement score of 1 or 2 and an improvement of 5 or more points on at least one of the Conners Parent or Teacher Rating Scales Tscore). Other end-points included assessments of safety and of quality of life using the Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form 28 (CHQ-PF28). RESULTS Fifty-one subjects entered the titration phase and 46 subjects completed the study. During the treatment phase, these 46 subjects received a mean dose of 14.2 mg/day and the maximum exposure to GW320659 was 11 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, 76% of subjects showed improvement with GW320659 and there were significant improvements in 7 of the 12 subscales of the CHQ-PF28 compared with baseline (p < .05). Adverse events were generally mild; only five subjects required downward titration because of adverse events (three psychiatric, one neurological and urological, one cardiovascular), and no subject withdrew because of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS GW320659 may have clinically relevant efficacy in pediatric ADHD and was well tolerated in this short-term initial study in children.
PORT: A piezoelectric optical resonance tuner

This abstract presents an aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoelectric actuator for tuning optical resonance modes of silicon nitride photonic resonators. The AlN actuator is fabricated on top of a thick silicon dioxide cladding that encapsulates the nitride resonator and waveguide. The PORT is defined by undercutting the cladding layer with a lateral silicon etch. It tunes the optical wavelength by 20pm on applying 60 V to the top electrode with a 0.5nA current draw. The thick oxide cladding preserves the resonator's loaded quality factor Qoptical of 64,000 across the entire tuning range. The first bending mode is at 1.1MHz enabling a tuning speed of <1 μs.
Transgenic mice and metabolomics for study of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity

Introduction: The study of xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity has been greatly aided by the use of genetically modified mouse models and metabolomics. Areas covered: Gene knockout mice can be used to determine the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of xenobiotics in vivo and to examine the mechanisms of xenobiotic-induced toxicity. Humanized mouse models are especially important because there exist marked species differences in the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and the nuclear receptors that regulate these enzymes. Humanized mice expressing CYPs and nuclear receptors including the pregnane X receptor, the major regulator of xenobiotic metabolism and transport were produced. With genetically modified mouse models, metabolomics can determine the metabolic map of many xenobiotics with a level of sensitivity that allows the discovery of even minor metabolites. This technology can be used for determining the mechanism of xenobiotic toxicity and to find early biomarkers for toxicity. Expert opinion: Metabolomics and genetically modified mouse models can be used for the study of xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity by: i) comparison of the metabolomics profiles between wild-type and genetically modified mice, and searching for genotype-dependent endogenous metabolites; ii) searching for and elucidating metabolites derived from xenobiotics; and iii) discovery of specific alterations of endogenous compounds induced by xenobiotics-induced toxicity.
Hierarchical Organization of Frontotemporal Networks for the Prediction of Stimuli across Multiple Dimensions

Brain function can be conceived as a hierarchy of generative models that optimizes predictions of sensory inputs and minimizes “surprise. ” Each level of the hierarchy makes predictions of neural events at a lower level in the hierarchy, which returns a prediction error when these expectations are violated. We tested the generalization of this hypothesis to multiple sequential deviations, and we identified the most likely organization of the network that accommodates deviations in temporal structure of stimuli. Magnetoencephalography of healthy human participants during an auditory paradigm identified prediction error responses in bilateral primary auditory cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and lateral prefrontal cortex for deviation by frequency, intensity, location, duration, and silent gap. We examined the connectivity between cortical sources using a set of 21 generative models that embedded alternate hypotheses of frontotemporal network dynamics. Bayesian model selection provided evidence for two new features of functional network organization. First, an expectancy signal provided input to the prefrontal cortex bilaterally, related to the temporal structure of stimuli. Second, there are functionally significant lateral connections between superior temporal and/or prefrontal cortex. The results support a predictive coding hypothesis but go beyond previous work in demonstrating the generalization to multiple concurrent stimulus dimensions and the evidence for a temporal expectancy input at the higher level of the frontotemporal hierarchy. We propose that this framework for studying the brain's response to unexpected events is not limited to simple sensory tasks but may also apply to the neurocognitive mechanisms of higher cognitive functions and their disorders.
Towards a UML Profile for Service-Oriented Architectures 1

Application development naturally starts with functional requirements given by the business that shall be supported. The model capturing these requirements is then refined taking more and more aspects of the technology and target platform into account. To support and automate in particular the later steps of this process is the objective behind the OMGs model driven architecture (MDA), summarized in Fig. 1.
Comparison of Approaches for Estimating Prevalence Costs of Care for Cancer Patients: What Is the Impact of Data Source?

Background:National prevalence costs of medical care can be key inputs in health policy decisions. Cost estimates vary across data sources, patient populations, and methods, however, the objective of this study was to compare 3 approaches for estimating the prevalence costs of colorectal cancer (CRC) care using different data sources, but similar patient populations and methods. Methods:We identified prevalent CRC patients aged 65 and older from: (1) linked Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry-Medicare data, (2) Medicare claims only, and (3) the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Controls were matched by sex, age-group, and geographic location. Mean per person total and net costs, measured as the difference between patients and controls, were compared for each approach during a similar observation period. The SEER-Medicare approach was our reference, and we evaluated the impact of patient selection criteria with sensitivity analyses. Aggregate prevalence estimates were also compared. Results:We found considerable variability across the different approaches to estimating prevalence costs of CRC. Mean net annual per person estimates in the SEER-Medicare reference were $5341 (95% CI: $5243, $5439), compared with $8736 (95% CI: $8203, $9269) for the Medicare claims only and $11,614 (95% CI: $7566, $15,663) for the MEPS. Aggregate national estimates of net prevalence costs of CRC in 2004 ranged from $4524 million, using the SEER-Medicare approach, to $9629 million, using the MEPS approach. Estimates varied by data source based on the payors included and identification of prevalent CRC patients. Conclusions:CRC prevalence cost estimates vary substantially depending on the data sources. Our findings have implications for estimating prevalence costs for other cancers and other diseases without registry systems that can be used to identify newly diagnosed individuals as well as those diagnosed less recently.
A biomarker survey of urinary deoxynivalenol in China: the Shanghai Women's Health Study

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a trichothecene mycotoxin found on wheat, maize and barley. In ecological surveys in China, DON and other trichothecenes have been implicated in acute poisoning episodes and linked with the incidence of esophageal cancer. In order to better understand exposure patterns, this pilot survey provided a combined measure of urinary un-metabolised or free DON (fD) and its glucuronide metabolite (DG) in a subset of 60 samples taken from the Shanghai Women's Health Study cohort, China. Samples were collected in 1997/1998 from women age 40–70 years. Urinary fD+DG combined was detected in 58/60 (96.7%) samples (mean 5.9 ng DON/mg creatinine; range nd – 30.5); a similar frequency, and a mean level approximately half, of that previously observed for women in the UK. Wheat consumption was approximately 25% of that consumed by western diets; thus DON contamination of wheat may be higher in Shanghai than the UK. The de-epoxy metabolite of DON, a detoxification product observed in animals, was not detected, suggesting that humans may be particularly sensitive to DON due to a more restricted detoxification capacity.
System identification with generalized orthonormal basis functions

A least squares identification method is studied that estimates a finite number of expansion coefficients in the series expansion of a transfer function, where the expansion is in terms of generalized basis functions. The basis functions are orthogonal in H/sub 2/ and generalize the pulse, Laguerre and Kautz (1954) bases. The construction of the basis is considered and bias and variance expressions of the identification algorithm are discussed. The basis induces a new transformation (Hambo transform) of signals and systems, for which state space expressions are derived. <<ETX>>
Intergenerational transmission of health beliefs in somatoform disorders

Summary Children of parents with a range of psychiatric disorders are at increased risk of developing psychological disturbance themselves. There is growing evidence that this includes children who have parents with a chronic somatoform disorder. The health beliefs of children with a parent with a somatoform disorder were compared with those of children with a parent with an organic physical disorder. Children of parents with somatoform disorder scored higher on bodily preoccupation and disease phobia scales and their health beliefs showed similarities to the beliefs of their parents.
Chloride intracellular channel 1 regulates migration and invasion in gastric cancer by triggering the ROS-mediated p38 MAPK signaling pathway

Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) has been demonstrated to be overexpressed in gastric cancer, and elevated CLIC1 expression levels are markedly associated with the processes of tumor cell migration and invasion. However, the regulatory mechanism and signaling pathway underlying these processes have remained to be elucidated. The present study examined the impact of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), indanyloxyacetic acid (IAA)-94 and SB203580, inhibitors of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as CLIC1 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) on the migration and invasion of SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells in a hypoxia-reoxygenation (H-R) microenvironment. The results demonstrated that intracellular ROS and CLIC1 levels were increased under H-R conditions, and that functional inhibition of CLIC1 significantly decreased the H-R-elevated ROS generation and p-p38 MAPK levels in SGC-7901 cells, as well as inhibited the migration and invasion of SGC-7901 cells. In addition, the expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were inhibited by NAC, IAA-94 and SB203580. These results indicated that CLIC1 regulates gastric cancer-cell migration and invasion via the ROS-mediated p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
Iron intakes and status of 2‐year‐old children in the Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study

Young children are at risk of iron deficiency and subsequent anaemia, resulting in long-term consequences for cognitive, motor and behavioural development. This study aimed to describe the iron intakes, status and determinants of status in 2-year-old children. Data were collected prospectively in the mother-child Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study from 15 weeks' gestation throughout early childhood. At the 24-month assessment, serum ferritin, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume were measured, and food/nutrient intake data were collected using a 2-day weighed food diary. Iron status was assessed in 729 children (median [IQR] age: 2.1 [2.1, 2.2] years) and 468 completed a food diary. From the food diary, mean (SD) iron intakes were 6.8 (2.6) mg/day and 30% had intakes < UK Estimated Average Requirement (5.3 mg/day). Using WHO definitions, iron deficiency was observed in 4.6% (n = 31) and iron deficiency anaemia in five children (1.0%). Following an iron series workup, five more children were diagnosed with iron deficiency anaemia. Twenty-one per cent had ferritin concentrations <15 µg/L. Inadequate iron intakes (OR [95% CI]: 1.94 [1.09, 3.48]) and unmodified cows' milk intakes ≥ 400 mL/day (1.95 [1.07, 3.56]) increased the risk of low iron status. Iron-fortified formula consumption was associated with decreased risk (0.21 [0.11, 0.41] P < 0.05). In this, the largest study in toddlers in Europe, a lower prevalence of low iron status was observed than in previous reports. Compliance with dietary recommendations to limit cows' milk intakes in young children and consumption of iron-fortified products appears to have contributed to improved iron status at two years.
An Evaluation of Performance and Competition in Customer Services on Twitter: A UK Telecoms Case Study

With an increasing number of consumers using social media platforms to share both their satisfaction and displeasure about the products and services they use every day, organisations with a customer service focus are recognising the importance of rapid--and genuine--online engagement with their customers. In turn, consumers increasingly judge organisations on the quality of customer service and degree of responsiveness to online queries. This paper presents an extensible framework for evaluating direct engagements of customer service teams with customers on Twitter. Furthermore, this framework provides the capability to measure and analyse indirect engagement with industry sector rivals, especially their patterns, frequency and intensity. By applying graph analysis to these Twitter interactions, our framework generates various analytical measures and visual representations, exemplified through a case study based on seven major UK telecoms companies. With a dataset consisting of 15,000 tweets and 3,500 user profiles, the results provide sustained evidence for indirect engagements between business rivals, with customer queries acting as a trigger for intense competition between companies based in the same industry sub-domain.
The first-year as a mentor in Norwegian teacher education – asking for the authoritative word

In this article I describe and interpret how a first-year mentor for student teachers, Anna, lacks support in her new role within the context of field practice in Norwegian teacher education. Even though she is employed at what is called a “practice school”, she feels alone in her work with the student teachers. There is no one there to answer her questions on how to perform her new role. I argue that due to the lack of an arena where she can discuss her questions, Anna positions herself as someone who should act upon what others have decided. She subsequently asks for the authoritative word from the University College.
Pure-tone masking patterns in nonsimultaneous masking conditions

The frequency selectivity of the humanauditory system can be evaluated psycho-physically by the masking experimentwhere the stimulus frequency is varied asan independent variable. Classical studieson this issue usually used a simultaneousmasking paradigm where a listener detectsa relatively long probe signal in the pre-sence of a continuous masking stimulus(e.g., Egan & Hake, 1950; Small, 1959;Wegel & Lane, 1924; Zwicker & Feldt-keller, 1967). The masking pattern ob-tained in this way could be considered toreflect the physiological excitation patternelicited in the auditory system by themasker. In this sense it has been calledthe psychophysical excitation pattern(Zwicker, 1975). However it cannot befree from the interaction effects betweena masker and a probe. Of these effectsthe amplitude fluctuation perceived asbeats or roughness, the combination tones,and the two-tone suppression can exertmarked influences on the shape of themasking pattern (see, Greenwood, 1971;Moore & Glasberg, 1981, 1982). In con-sequence one cannot evaluate accuratelythe frequency response characteristics ofthe auditory system from the result ofsimultaneous masking.An alternative approach is forwardmasking where a brief probe is presentedafter the offset of a masker, so the un-desirable interaction effects mentionedabove can be avoided. This paradigm hasbeen often used in recent studies becauseit is expected to provide more accuratemeasures of the frequency selectivity oftheauditory system (e.g., Moore, 1978; Vog-ten, 1978). Moreover one can measuremasking patterns by presenting a briefprobe at different temporal locations be-fore, during, and after a masker, resulting
Framing organizational emergence: discourse, identity and relationship

The different discourses that pervade the stories of founders and owner-managers when talking about organizational emergence are explored, along with the ways in which these understandings, meanings, and concepts are socially constructed to envision, enact, and realize organizational emergence. First, the developments in entrepreneurship research are reviewed in terms of five movements.By paying particular attention to ideas of enactment and to the social constructive processes through which organizational emergence occurs, the fourth movement paved the way for social constructionist ideas (the fifth movement) to influence entrepreneurship research. Concerned with the meanings generated by people as they interact and engage in descriptions and explanations in language, researchers who study entrepreneurship from the social constructionist perspective do not try to identify the fundamentally "real" aspects of entrepreneurship; instead, they investigate the processes though which organizational emergence is socially constructed through language.Interviews were conducted in 1999-2000 with the founders and owner-managers of four small and medium-sized, United Kingdom-based enterprises (SMEs). The managers referred to a number of discourses that frame the emergence of their business in order to make sense of the past and to envision future scenarios for the business.The interviews include few references to "entrepreneurship. " Instead, organizational emergence is couched in discourses that operate on notions of growth, innovation, networks, customers, luck, and trust.Business creation, in other words, is a means by which entrepreneurs nurture their relationships, achieve self-expression, and realize their ambitions.Notions of entrepreneurship provide framing concepts and categories through which meanings of entrepreneurship are constructed. (SAA)
Hyperphosphorylated tau in refractory epilepsy patients correlates with cognitive decline : a study of temporal lobe resections

Xin You Tai1,2, Matthias Koepp2, John S Duncan2, Nick Fox3, Pamela Thompson2, Sallie Baxendale2, Joan Y.W. Liu1, Cheryl Reeves1, Zuzanna Michalak1, and Maria Thom1 1Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Neurology, University College London 2Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London 3 Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London