Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic evaluation of remnant and translocated shiners, Notropis heterodon and Notropis heterolepis.

Population and conservation genetics of two freshwater fish species, Notropis heterodon and Notropis heterolepis, were evaluated in north-eastern Illinois, U.S.A. , where both species have severely declined. Fishes were sampled from two remnant populations occurring in small glacial lakes (source samples) and from two man-made ponds that had been stocked with fishes from those same lakes (sanctuary samples). The goal was to obtain information that would help inform conservation programme planning to reintroduce sanctuary fishes to areas where both species are extirpated. Microsatellite data showed that the two species were genetically quite distinct and there was no evidence of hybridization in either source or sanctuary samples. Within each species, source and sanctuary samples had moderate levels of heterozygosity and were not significantly different from each other. Many alleles observed in the source samples, however, were not detected in the sanctuary samples, indicating that translocation had resulted in reduced allelic diversity of the sanctuary samples. Sibship analysis indicated that full and half sibs occurred within source-lake samples, thus reducing the effective population size of the reintroduced stock. Taken together, these results suggest that source-lake stocks rather than sanctuary stocks are more appropriate for future reintroductions of both species in their native range, unless sanctuary populations can be established with hundreds of fishes. Also, fishes should be harvested from multiple locations in source lakes to avoid over-representation of family groups.
Signals from the surface modulate differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells through glycosaminoglycans and integrins

Significance Human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells possess the extraordinary capacity to self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into specialized cell types. Elucidating the signaling pathways that underlie hPS cell differentiation is important for understanding human development and advancing regenerative medicine. Growth factors and small molecules can influence hPS cell differentiation. Many protocols rely on these soluble cues while using substrata composed of numerous biomolecules (e.g. Matrigel). Complex substrata engage multiple types of cellular receptors, thereby obscuring the influence of distinct signals on hPS cell fate. Modular peptide-modified surfaces that interact with specific targets can selectively activate signaling pathways, thereby facilitating hPS cell differentiation. This strategy can be used to dissect how cross-talk between soluble and insoluble signals influences cell fate. The fate decisions of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells are governed by soluble and insoluble signals from the microenvironment. Many hPS cell differentiation protocols use Matrigel, a complex and undefined substrate that engages multiple adhesion and signaling receptors. Using defined surfaces programmed to engage specific cell-surface ligands (i.e., glycosaminoglycans and integrins), the contribution of specific matrix signals can be dissected. For ectoderm and motor neuron differentiation, peptide-modified surfaces that can engage both glycosaminoglycans and integrins are effective. In contrast, surfaces that interact selectively with glycosaminoglycans are superior to Matrigel in promoting hPS cell differentiation to definitive endoderm and mesoderm. The modular surfaces were used to elucidate the signaling pathways underlying these differences. Matrigel promotes integrin signaling, which in turn inhibits mesendoderm differentiation. The data indicate that integrin-activating surfaces stimulate Akt signaling via integrin-linked kinase (ILK), which is antagonistic to endoderm differentiation. The ability to attribute cellular responses to specific interactions between the cell and the substrate offers new opportunities for revealing and controlling the pathways governing cell fate.
Vehicle Motion Estimation Using an Infrared Camera

This paper is concerned with vehicle motion estimation. The problem is formulated as a sensor fusion problem, where the vehicle motion is estimated based on the information from a far infrared camera, inertial sensors and the vehicle speed. This information is already present in premium cars. We are concerned with the off-line situation and the approach taken is to formulate the problem as a nonlinear least squares problem. In order to illustrate the performance of the proposed method experiments on rural roads in Sweden during night time driving have been performed. The results clearly indicates the efficacy of the approach.
Compact Transcapacitance Model for Short-Channel DG FinFETs

A compact capacitance model is developed accounting for small-geometry effects in FinFETs. While decreasing the channel length, the transcapacitance model becomes very sensitive to all short channel effects, both in moderate and strong inversion regimes. In addition, for short channel devices, we need to take into account the inter-electrode capacitive coupling in the subthreshold regime, which is not significant for long channel devices. The quantum mechanical effects, which are very significant for thin Fins, are included in the model. The effect of mobility degradation on C-V characteristics is also demonstrated. The model was validated with numerical 3D Atlas simulations and a good accuracy of the model has been demonstrated in all operating regimes.
An Analysis of Dispersive Material by CIP (Constrained Interpolation Profile) method

In this paper, we proposed the RC-CIP method to analyze the dispersive materials. The results shows that the good stability for wide frequency range. However, the calculation accuracy was not investigated as rectangular pulse response in time domain, the reason was that the exact solution of rectangular pulse was difficult to obtain. Furthermore, in this paper, we calculated homogenous dispersive material, but, the CIP method need special treatment at the boundary between different materials. We did not drive the special treatment for boundary. These will be our future works.
HISTORY AND TERRITORY HEURISTICS FOR MONTE CARLO GO

A hinge (7) is used to join two parts (5, 6) of a band or bracelet, the hinge enabling the parts to be attached and detached when the parts are positioned at a predetermined angle relative to each other. The first part (6) comprises an assembly formed of a pin (10) and a first cradle (11) which partially surrounds the pin, with which it is coaxial, wherein a space (12) is provided between the pin and the first cradle. The second part comprises a second cradle (14) which is designed to slide into the space (12) and to be articulated around the pin to keep the two parts attached together within a given angular range. The invention may be employed on a folding clasp of a band for a wristwatch.
Evaluation of genetic damage induced by glyphosate isopropylamine salt using Tradescantia bioassays

Glyphosate is noted for being non-toxic in fishes, birds and mammals (including humans). Nevertheless, the degree of genotoxicity is seriously controversial. In this work, various concentrations of a glyphosate isopropylamine salt were tested using two methods of genotoxicity assaying, viz., the pink mutation assay with Tradescantia (4430) and the comet assay with nuclei from staminal cells of the same plant. Staminal nuclei were studied in two different forms, namely nuclei from exposed plants, and nuclei exposed directly. Using the pink mutation assay, isopropylamine induced a total or partial loss of color in staminal cells, a fundamental criterion utilized in this test. Consequently, its use is not recommended when studying genotoxicity with agents that produce pallid staminal cells. The comet assay system detected statistically significant (p < 0.01) genotoxic activity by isopropylamine, when compared to the negative control in both the nuclei of treated plants and directly treated nuclei, but only the treated nuclei showed a dose-dependent increase. Average migration in the nuclei of treated plants increased, when compared to that in treated nuclei. This was probably due, either to the permanence of isopropylamine in inflorescences, or to the presence of secondary metabolites. In conclusion, isopropylamine possesses strong genotoxic activity, but its detection can vary depending on the test systems used.
Energy detection based spectrum sensing over η-λ-μ fading channel

This paper investigates the performance of Energy detection based spectrum sensing over η-λ-μ fading distribution. Novel analytic expressions are derived for average probability of detection. These results for single user detection are then extended to square low selection (SLS) diversity and for collaborative detection case. Since η-λ-μ includes the Nakagami-m, the Rayleigh, the one-sided Gaussian, Hoyt, the λ-μ and the η-μ distributions as special cases, the analysis for η-λ-μ distribution provides analysis for all these fading channels. The analysis for fading is then extended to composite fading and shadowing. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are presented for different scenarios using the derived expressions. Effect of different parameters on the average probability of detection is analyzed.
Intermetallic compounds in 3D integrated circuits technology: a brief review

Abstract The high performance and downsizing technology of three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D-ICs) for mobile consumer electronic products have gained much attention in the microelectronics industry. This has been driven by the utilization of chip stacking by through-Si-via and solder microbumps. Pb-free solder microbumps are intended to replace conventional Pb-containing solder joints due to the rising awareness of environmental preservation. The use of low-volume solder microbumps has led to crucial constraints that cause several reliability issues, including excessive intermetallic compounds (IMCs) formation and solder microbump embrittlement due to IMCs growth. This article reviews technologies related to 3D-ICs, IMCs formation mechanisms and reliability issues concerning IMCs with Pb-free solder microbumps. Finally, future outlook on the potential growth of research in this area is discussed.
A Concise Model to Evaluate Security of SCADA Systems based on Security Standards

SCADA systems are essential for the critical infrastructures, such as electric power, oil, and gas production and distribution systems. Hence, incapacitation or destruction of SCADAs would have a debilitating impact on the defence or economic security of organizations and states. In this paper, we study fifteen SCADA cyber security standards and also assess the security of ten widely-used SCADA systems. Our investigation leads to a comprehensive categorized list of security solutions for SCADAs. This list is used to evaluate and compare security of the SCADA systems; also it will be used as model to improve the security of new SCADA systems.
Adaptive push-pull: disseminating dynamic web data

An important issue in the dissemination of time-varying Web data such as sports scores and stock prices is the maintenance of temporal coherency. In the case of servers adhering to the HTTP protocol, clients need to frequently pull the data based on the dynamics of the data and a user's coherency requirements. In contrast, servers that possess push capability maintain state information pertaining to clients and push only those changes that are of interest to a user. These two canonical techniques have complementary properties with respect to the level of temporal coherency maintained, communication overheads, state space overheads, and loss of coherency due to (server) failures. In this paper, we show how to combine push and pull-based techniques to achieve the best features of both approaches. Our combined technique tailors the dissemination of data from servers to clients based on 1) the capabilities and load at servers and proxies and 2) clients' coherency requirements. Our experimental results demonstrate that such adaptive data dissemination is essential to meet diverse temporal coherency requirements, to be resilient to failures, and for the efficient and scalable utilization of server and network resources.
Wave‐equation migration velocity analysis. II. Subsalt imaging examples

Subsalt imaging is strongly dependent on the quality of the velocity model. However, rugose salt bodies complicate wavefield propagation and lead to subsalt multipathing, illumination gaps and shadow zones, which cannot be handled correctly by conventional traveltime‐based migration velocity analysis (MVA). We overcome these limitations by the wave‐equation MVA technique, introduced in a companion paper, and demonstrate the methodology on a realistic synthetic data set simulating a salt‐dome environment and a Gulf of Mexico data set. We model subsalt propagation using wave paths created by one‐way wavefield extrapolation. Those wave paths are much more accurate and robust than broadband rays, since they inherit the frequency dependence and multipathing of the underlying wavefield. We formulate an objective function for optimization in the image space by relating an image perturbation to a perturbation of the velocity model. The image perturbations are defined using linearized prestack residual migration, thus ensuring stability, relative to the first‐order Born approximation assumptions. Synthetic and real data examples demonstrate that wave‐equation MVA is an effective tool for subsalt velocity analysis, even when shadows and illumination gaps are present.
Bmc Evolutionary Biology the Evolutionary History of Mitochondrial Porins

Background: Mitochondrial porins, or voltage-dependent anion-selective channels (VDAC) allow the passage of small molecules across the mitochondrial outer membrane, and are involved in complex interactions regulating organellar and cellular metabolism. Numerous organisms possess multiple porin isoforms, and initial studies indicated an intriguing evolutionary history for these proteins and the genes that encode them.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate body composition in children and adolescents: a systematic review and evidence appraisal of validity, responsiveness, reliability and measurement error

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a practical method to estimate percentage body fat (%BF). In this systematic review, we aimed to assess validity, responsiveness, reliability and measurement error of BIA methods in estimating %BF in children and adolescents.We searched for relevant studies in Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane through November 2012. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts for inclusion, extracted data and rated methodological quality of the included studies. We performed a best evidence synthesis to synthesize the results, thereby excluding studies of poor quality. We included 50 published studies. Mean differences between BIA and reference methods (gold standard [criterion validity] and convergent measures of body composition [convergent validity]) were considerable and ranged from negative to positive values, resulting in conflicting evidence for criterion validity. We found strong evidence for a good reliability, i.e. (intra‐class) correlations ≥0.82. However, test‐retest mean differences ranged from 7.5% to 13.4% of total %BF in the included study samples, indicating considerable measurement error. Our systematic review suggests that BIA is a practical method to estimate %BF in children and adolescents. However, validity and measurement error are not satisfactory.
Improving PageRank for Local Community Detection

Community detection is a classical problem in the field of graph mining. While most algorithms work on the entire graph, it is often interesting in practice to recover only the community containing some given set of seed nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to this problem, using some low-dimensional embedding of the graph based on random walks starting from the seed nodes. From this embedding, we propose some simple yet efficient versions of the PageRank algorithm as well as a novel algorithm, called WalkSCAN, that is able to detect multiple communities, possibly overlapping. We provide insights into the performance of these algorithms through the theoretical analysis of a toy network and show that WalkSCAN outperforms existing algorithms on real networks.
Discrete tomography from micro-CT data: application to the mouse trabecular bone structure

Discrete Tomography (DT) deals with the reconstruction of an image from its projections when this image is known to have only a small number of gray values. The knowledge of the discrete set of gray values can significantly reduce the number of projections required for a high-quality reconstruction. In this paper, a feasibility study is presented of the application of discrete tomography to micro-CT data from a mouse leg as to study the structural properties of the trabecular bone. The set of gray values is restricted to only three values, for the air background, the soft tissue background, and the trabecular bone structure. Reconstructions of the trabecular bone structure are usually obtained by computing a continuous reconstruction. To extract morphometric information from the reconstruction, the image must be segmented into the different tissue types, which is commonly done by thresholding. In the DT approach such a segmentation step is no longer necessary, as the reconstruction already contains a single gray value for each tissue type. Our results show that by using discrete tomography, a much better reconstruction of the trabecular bone structure can be obtained than by thresholding a continuous reconstruction from the same number of projections.
Outlier mining in rule-based knowledge bases

This paper introduces an approach to outlier mining in the context of rule-based knowledge bases. Rules in knowledge bases are a very specific type of data representation and it is necessary to analyze them carefully, especially when they differ from each other. The goal of the paper is to analyze the influence of using different similarity measures and clustering methods on the number of outliers discovered during the mining process. The results of the experiments are presented in Section V in order to discuss the significance of the analyzed parameters.
A Real Time 2D to 3D Image Conversion Techniques

This article describes methods developed for 2D-3D conversion of images based on motion parallax, depth cues in still pictures and gray shade and luminance setting for multiview autostereoscopic displays. Detailed exposed a new 2D-to-3D image conversion technique with the modified time difference (MTD) and the computed image depth (CID) realizes to convert any type of visual resources into the 3D images. Proposed a method for conversion from 2D to 3D based on gray scale and luminance setting, which does not require a complex motion analysis.
QoSaaS: Quality of Service as a Service

QoSaaS is a new framework that provides QoS information portals for enterprises running real-time applications. By aggregating measurements from both end clients and application servers, QoSaaS derives the quality information of individual system components and enables system operators to discover and localize quality problems; end-users to be hinted with expected experience; and the applications to make informed adaptations. Using a large-scale commercial VoIP system as a target application, we report preliminary experiences of developing such service. We also discuss remaining challenges and outline potential directions to address them.
Photonic Crystal Drop Filter Exploiting Resonant Cavity Configuration

Band dropping devices are widely used in WDM application. In this paper the design of a two-dimensional photonic crystal drop filter is proposed. Different from the configuration reported in literature which are realized by means of a photonic bandgap waveguide and one or more resonant cavities, able to select a signal at desired frequency, the proposed drop filters exploits a novel system of point defects. The design is based on the accurate analysis of higher order resonant modes supported by the system and their parities. The temporal and spectral behavior of the device is studied using plane wave expansion (PWE) and FDTD methods.
The Algorithm Analysis of E-Commerce Security Issues for Online Payment Transaction System in Banking Technology

E-Commerce offers the banking industry great opportunity, but also creates a set of new risks and vulnerability such as security threats. Information security, therefore, is an essential management and technical requirement for any efficient and effective Payment transaction activities over the internet. Still, its definition is a complex endeavor due to the constant technological and business change and requires a coordinated match of algorithm and technical solutions. Ecommerce is not appropriate to all business transactions and, within e-commerce there is no one technology that can or should be appropriate to all requirements. E-commerce is not a new phenomenon; electronic markets, electronic data interchange and customer e-commerce. The use of electronic data interchanges as a universal and non-proprietary way of doing business. Through the electronic transaction the security is the most important phenomena to enhance the banking transaction security via payment transaction.
Software-Defined Networking for RSU Clouds in Support of the Internet of Vehicles

We propose a novel roadside unit (RSU) cloud, a vehicular cloud, as the operational backbone of the vehicle grid in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The architecture of the proposed RSU cloud consists of traditional and specialized RSUs employing software-defined networking (SDN) to dynamically instantiate, replicate, and/or migrate services. We leverage the deep programmability of SDN to dynamically reconfigure the services hosted in the network and their data forwarding information to efficiently serve the underlying demand from the vehicle grid. We then present a detailed reconfiguration overhead analysis to reduce reconfigurations, which are costly for service providers. We use the reconfiguration cost analysis to design and formulate an integer linear programming (ILP) problem to model our novel RSU cloud resource management (CRM). We begin by solving for the Pareto optimal frontier (POF) of nondominated solutions, such that each solution is a configuration that minimizes either the number of service instances or the RSU cloud infrastructure delay, for a given average demand. Then, we design an efficient heuristic to minimize the reconfiguration costs. A fundamental contribution of our heuristic approach is the use of reinforcement learning to select configurations that minimize reconfiguration costs in the network over the long term. We perform reconfiguration cost analysis and compare the results of our CRM formulation and heuristic. We also show the reduction in reconfiguration costs when using reinforcement learning in comparison to a myopic approach. We show significant improvement in the reconfigurations costs and infrastructure delay when compared to purist service installations.