Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing Collaborative Filtering Methods Based on User-Topic Ratings

User based collaborative filtering (CF) has been successfully applied into recommender system for years. The main idea of user based CF is to discover communities of users sharing similar interests. However, existing user based CF methods may be inaccurate due to the problem of data sparsity. One possible way to improve it is to append new data sources into user based CF. Tags which are added and generated by users is one of the new sources. In order to utilize tags effectively, user-topic based CF is proposed to extract features behind tags, assign them to topics, and measure users’ preferences on these topics. In this paper, we conduct comparisons between two user-topic based CF methods based on different tag-topic relations. Both methods calculate user-topic preferences according to ratings of items and topic weights. Experiments are conducted on the data set of MovieLens. The results show that usertopic based CF method is better than user based CF both in computational efficiency and recommendation effect. The effects are significant especially when each tag belongs to multiple topics.
A generalized Mumford-Shah model for roof-edge detection

In this paper we have generalized the Mumford-Shah (MS) model to detect roof edges. It is found that many previous models cannot detect edges with low contrast. We have studied a variety of different models of energy minimization a la Mumford-Shah approach for image segmentation. The model proposed in this paper is better than the classical piecewise constant approximation since it can detect the low contrast edges of objects. The validity of the new model is demonstrated by experimental results.
Self-Adaptive Web Service Composition Based on Stochastic Context-Free Grammar

We propose to model the adaptation of the service composition using the Stochastic Context-free Grammar (SCFG) in the loosely coupled and interoperable Service-Oriented Architecture. According to our approach, every concrete composition is regarded as an instantiation of the corresponding Stochastic Finite Automaton, which is regarded as the abstract composition. Analyzing the historical compositions in the users' logs, we acquire the probabilities of productions in the SCFG. And probabilistic functions are defined based on the structures of service composition. By means of incorporating the correlation degree among the services, the proper fault-handling strategy is determined using the adaptive decision algorithms. Furthermore, we demonstrate one self-adaptive framework monitoring the service composition execution. At last, the result of a case study shows our approach effectiveness.
Duplexing and synchronism for energy efficient communication over a relay channel

This paper investigates the impact of usual practical constraints for the relay channel in the energy efficient regime. Specifically, we take into account constraints on the transmission/reception duplexing and on the synchronization between the source and the relay. New and already known bounds for the maximum rate-per-energy that depend on the constraints considered, are presented in a unified manner. Lower bounds are with decode-and-forward and upper-bounds with the cut-set bound. It is shown that while synchronism provides gains on the maximum RPE, duplexing does not. To see the gain by duplexing the slope of the spectral efficiency with respect the energy-per-bit is also derived.
Acceleration in the bilingual acquisition of phonological structure: Evidence from Polish–English bilingual children*

This study examines the production of consonant clusters in simultaneous Polish–English bilingual children and in language-matched English monolinguals (aged 7;01–8;11). Selection of the language pair was based on the fact that Polish allows a greater range of consonant clusters than English. A nonword repetition task was devised in order to examine clusters of different types (obstruent-liquid vs. s + obstruent) and in different word positions (initial vs. medial), two factors that play a significant role in repetition accuracy in monolingual acquisition (e.g., Kirk & Demuth, 2005). Our findings show that bilingual children outperformed monolingual controls in the word initial s + obstruent condition. These results indicate that exposure to complex word initial clusters (in Polish) can accelerate the development of less phonologically complex clusters (in English). This constitutes significant new evidence that the facilitatory effects of bilingual acquisition extend to structural phonological domains. The implications that these results have on competing views of phonological organisation and phonological complexity are also discussed.
Behavioral Information Security: Two End User Survey Studies of Motivation and Security Practices

Information security is a multibillion-dollar problem faced by commercial and government organizations around the world. Through their adverse effects on organizational information systems, malware, hackers, and malicious insiders jeopardize organizations’ capabilities to pursue their missions effectively. Although technology-based solutions help to mitigate some of the many problems of information security, even the best technology cannot work successfully unless the people in organizations do the right thing. In two national survey studies (N=1167 and N=298) we explored some of the motivational antecedents surrounding the practices of information security by end users. Results revealed that organization type, job role, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment each showed relations to some key security behaviors of end users.
Diagnostic Agreement in Psychiatry

A random sample of 100 new patients referred consecutively to the psychiatric hospital was assessed using the Arabic translation of the PSE. An abstract form was designed to include all PSE scores as well as the necessary extra data to make ICD-9, ICD-10, and DSM-III-R diagnoses. Kappa correlation was calculated for inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Overall reliability and reliability of each major psychiatric diagnosis were compared between the three systems. The use of the PSE helped in achieving good agreement between Arab psychiatrists for all the three systems, but ICD-10 was found to have the highest reliability figures both for three-digit and four-digit psychiatric diagnoses.
L-arginine availability and arginase activity: Characterization of amino acid permease 3 in Leishmania amazonensis

Background Leishmania uses the amino acid L-arginine as a substrate for arginase, enzyme that produces urea and ornithine, last precursor of polyamine pathway. This pathway is used by the parasite to replicate and it is essential to establish the infection in the mammalian host. L-arginine is not synthesized by the parasite, so its uptake occurs through the amino acid permease 3 (AAP3). AAP3 is codified by two copies genes (5.1 and 4.7 copies), organized in tandem in the parasite genome. One copy presents the expression regulated by L-arginine availability. Methodology/Principal findings RNA-seq data revealed 14 amino acid transporters differentially expressed in the comparison of La-WT vs. La-arg- promastigotes and axenic amastigotes. The 5.1 and 4.7 aap3 transcripts were down-regulated in La-WT promastigotes vs. axenic amastigotes, and in La-WT vs. La-arg- promastigotes. In contrast, transcripts of other transporters were up-regulated in the same comparisons. The amount of 5.1 and 4.7 aap3 mRNA of intracellular amastigotes was also determined in sample preparations from macrophages, obtained from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice and the human THP-1 lineage infected with La-WT or La-arg-, revealing that the genetic host background is also important. We also determined the aap3 mRNA and AAP3 protein amounts of promastigotes and axenic amastigotes in different environmental growth conditions, varying pH, temperature and L-arginine availability. Interestingly, the increase of temperature increased the AAP3 level in plasma membrane and consequently the L-arginine uptake, independently of pH and L-arginine availability. In addition, we demonstrated that besides the plasma membrane localization, AAP3 was also localized in the glycosome of L. amazonensis promastigotes and axenic amastigotes. Conclusions/Significance In this report, we described the differential transcriptional profiling of amino acids transporters from La-WT and La-arg- promastigotes and axenic amastigotes. We also showed the increased AAP3 levels under amino acid starvation or its decrease in L-arginine supplementation. The differential AAP3 expression was determined in the differentiation of promastigotes to amastigotes conditions, as well as the detection of AAP3 in the plasma membrane reflecting in the L-arginine uptake. Our data suggest that depending on the amino acid pool and arginase activity, Leishmania senses and could use an alternative route for the amino acid transport in response to stress signaling.
On exploiting signal irregularity with topology control for mobile underwater wireless sensor networks

Signal irregularity phenomenon affecting network protocols is prone to exhibit in underwater environments, and previous efforts about topology control of underwater sensor networks either have not been made about signal irregularity, or the irregularity models are overly utopian. This paper constructs a more authentic signal irregularity model, which can be degenerated into a variety of special cases easily, and three representative topology control objectives ((KS,β)-Coverage, (KC,α)-Connectivity, and efficient consumption) are concluded. A topology control algorithm for signal irregularity (TCAI) is designed for this topology control problem. The results show the convergence of TCAI and polynomial complexity as well. The performance of the algorithm is also analyzed through simulations that indicate a well-constructed topology, where (KC,β)-Coverage and (KC,α)-Connectivity can be achieved while optimizing energy consumption as much as possible.
Recategorization into the In-group

This study advances a recategorization perspective to explain how an increasing number of directors have successfully obtained major board appointments and played important roles on boards despite their demographic differences from incumbent directors. We theorize and show that existing directors tend to select a demographically different new director who can be recategorized as an in-group member based on his or her similarities to them on other shared demographic characteristics. We further explain how a new director’s prior social ties to existing directors strengthen this recategorization process and posit that recategorization increases demographically different directors’ tenures and likelihood of becoming board committee members and chairs. Results from analyses of Fortune 500 boards from 1994 to 2006 provide strong support for our theory. This study suggests that increased board diversity on some demographic characteristics is associated with reduced diversity on others. It also suggests that some demographic characteristics, such as gender and ethnicity, would be more salient during the recategorization process than other characteristics. As a result, female and ethnic minority directors would need to be more similar to incumbents along shared dimensions than other demographically different directors (such as a young director) for them to be recategorized into the in-group.
Beyond the Call of Duty: A Qualitative Study of Teachers’ Additional Responsibilities Related to Sexuality Education

Seven focus groups were conducted with sexuality educators in Minnesota to explore ways that teaching sexuality education differs from teaching other health education content and to determine if additional supports or resources are needed for sexuality educators. Teachers described many specific additional responsibilities or concerns related to sexuality education, including a) interacting with parents, b) interacting with administration, c) addressing students’ personal concerns, d) managing sensitive information in the classroom, and e) developing and updating lesson plans. Findings suggest that Minnesota teachers often go above and beyond their usual responsibilities to provide quality sexuality education for their students, both in and out of the classroom.
The role of new media in sustaining the status quo: online political expression, nationalism, and system support in China

As populist nationalism and criticism of government emerge from the Chinese online sphere, the potential influence of public engagement in online communication on Chinese politics has drawn much scholarly and media attention. To illuminate the role of user-generated online communication for political change, this study investigates how online political expression among Chinese Internet users relates to their nationalistic attitudes and support of the status quo. An analysis of survey data demonstrates that online political expression, facilitated by news consumption, enhances support for the existing sociopolitical system both directly and indirectly through nationalism. The results suggest that partial inclusion of the public in the online deliberation process serves to bolster system stability and legitimacy, as the Chinese Communist Party intends.
Predicting Performance, Subjective States and Coping Strategy in a Vigilance Task

The purpose for the present study was to examine how person and task characteristics affected the performance, workload, and stress of vigilance. Task type (sensory versus cognitive) and source complexity (1, 2, or 4 displays to be monitored) were the dimensions of vigilance examined, and several person characteristics selected based on an energetic-resource approach to vigilance. Relationships with cognitive traits were mostly influenced by task type and those of affective traits were moderated by both task and source complexity. Across outcome measures and predictors, the general pattern of results confirmed the argument that separate treatment of either task properties or task characteristics yields at best a limited understanding of the performance, workload, and stress associated with vigilance. Programmatic research should therefore examine trait-task interactions for specific combinations of taxonomic categories.
The Sociology of Values

The history of the concept of values is reviewed from its beginnings in the 19th century to the present. Work on values rose to preeminence under Talcott Parsons and his associates during 1950-1965, Nevertheless, the theory they produced was flawed: It lacked sophisticated empirical support, imposed preordained categories on reality, and was formulated at an unresearchable level of abstraction. Alternative theories of values fared only somewhat better. More vibrant is the long tradition of (nonParsonian) empirical studies in various subject areas (e.g. achievement, religion). This body of work, however, is ad hoc in nature: The data produced are essentially noncomparable and do not advance the concerns of value theory. The recent work of Kohn (on class and values) and Rokeach (on general value systems) has begun to remedy the situation. It is suggested that value analysis of the future can only solve past ditficulties if (a) it develops grounded theory and research methods—i.e, hypotheses and techniques t.
A Virtual Space for Grace: Are There Boundaries for Worship in a Digital Age?

Liturgy is often defined as “the work of the people,” a work people have done inside and outside the walls of a sanctuary since the beginning of the church. Some have been trained, while others have volunteered out of interest and passion. Worship can happen in church, in a local park with homeless persons, on a trail with a youth group, or by the river for baptism. Many have utilized centuries of tradition to craft meaningful worship services throughout the history of the church, while others have created their own liturgies out of a sense of the faith community’s needs at a particular time. I want to explore here how technology and media can enhance worship in the twenty-first century. This may look quite different for different communities of faith, but exploring the possibilities is an important step. Answering some very critical questions is important as we begin. What happens when:
Infectious Bronchitis Virus Variants: Molecular Analysis and Pathogenicity Investigation

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) variants constantly emerge and pose economic threats to poultry farms worldwide. Numerous studies on the molecular and pathogenic characterization of IBV variants have been performed between 2007 and 2017, which we have reviewed herein. We noted that viral genetic mutations and recombination events commonly gave rise to distinct IBV genotypes, serotypes and pathotypes. In addition to characterizing the S1 genes, full viral genomic sequencing, comprehensive antigenicity, and pathogenicity studies on emerging variants have advanced our understanding of IBV infections, which is valuable for developing countermeasures against IBV field outbreaks. This review of IBV variants provides practical value for understanding their phylogenetic relationships and epidemiology from both regional and worldwide viewpoints.
Using ECC DRAM to Adaptively Increase Memory Capacity

Modern DRAM modules are often equipped with hardware error correction capabilities, especially for DRAM deployed in large-scale data centers, as process technology scaling has increased the susceptibility of these devices to errors. To provide fast error detection and correction, error-correcting codes (ECC) are placed on an additional DRAM chip in a DRAM module. This additional chip expands the raw capacity of a DRAM module by 12.5%, but the applications are unable to use any of this extra capacity, as it is used exclusively to provide reliability for all data. In reality, there are a number of applications that do not need such strong reliability for all their data regions (e.g., some user batch jobs executing on a public cloud), and can instead benefit from using additional DRAM capacity to store extra data. Our goal in this work is to provide the additional capacity within an ECC DRAM module to applications when they do not need the high reliability of error correction. In this paper, we propose Capacity- and Reliability-Adaptive Memory (CREAM), a hardware mechanism that adapts error correcting DRAM modules to offer multiple levels of error protection, and provides the capacity saved from using weaker protection to applications. For regions of memory that do not require strong error correction, we either provide no ECC protection or provide error detection using multibit parity. We evaluate several layouts for arranging the data within ECC DRAM in these reduced-protection modes, taking into account the various trade-offs exposed from exploiting the extra chip. Our experiments show that the increased capacity provided by CREAM improves performance by 23.0% for a memory caching workload, and by 37.3% for a commercial web search workload executing production query traces. In addition, CREAM can increase bank-level parallelism within DRAM, offering further performance improvements.
Disruption of parental relationships, current family circumstances and children's psychological adjustment

Using data from the Children and Family Life study, Sarah Wise and Ben Edwards compare 921 children aged 5-13 years living with either a separated parent in a single-parent family, a separated parent in a step/blended family, or both natural parents, on a measure of psychological adjustment. They also explore the extent to which economic, family-process, parental-distress and parental-absence theoretical frameworks explain any negative effects of separation.
Structural Effects on Highly Directional Far-Field Emission Patterns of GaN-Based Micro-Cavity Light-Emitting Diodes With Photonic Crystals

This study theoretically and experimentally investigates the highly directional far-field emission patterns of GaN photonic crystal (PhC) micro-cavity light-emitting diodes (MCLEDs) depending on varying structural parameters. Angular-spectra-resolved electroluminescence measurements reveals the behavior of guided-mode extraction which is significantly affected by the structural parameters of GaN PhC MCLEDs, where the GaN cavity thickness decides the extracted guided mode numbers, PhC lattice constant influences the distribution of far-field emission, and PhC hole depth affects the interaction with guided modes. The proposed GaN ultrathin MCLED (uMCLED) with PhC lattice constant of 420 nm and deep hole depth of 250 nm exhibited a maximum output light extraction efficiency of 248% under one-watt input power compared to GaN non-PhC uMCLED and produced a directional far-field emission pattern at half intensity near 17^ . The present results indicate that highly directional light extraction enhancement could contribute to developments of many applications, especially for etendue-limited applications such as pico- projectors.
Sound[']s right: pupils' responses to heard poetry and the revised National Curriculum for English

This article considers the design of poetry within the UK National Curriculum for English, where it is conceived of primarily as a print-based medium. With reference to curricular detail, the recent Ofsted survey of poetry teaching in schools, and to original research, it describes the role the existing curricular conception of poetry can play in influencing practice, sometimes to the detriment of listening. It posits a conception of heard poetry that makes reference both to the New London Group's term ‘lifeworld’ and to T.S. Eliot's ‘auditory imagination’, synthesising the two. It presents data arising from pupils' responses to heard poetry in the classroom, in the form of Conversation Analysis transcripts, using these to illustrate the nature of the research and its interpretive work. The article then presents a summary of the findings of the full study, concluding with their implications for curricular detail. The curricular conception of poetry, it contends, is inadequate, failing to acknowledge the oral tradition in poetry, with subsequent implications for pupils' engagement and understanding of poetry in classroom-based poetic encounters.
Framing the Deal: The Role of Restrictions in Accentuating Deal Value

We propose that consumers use the presence of a restriction (i.e., purchase limit, purchase precondition, or time limit) as a source of information to evaluate a deal. In a series of four studies we present evidence suggesting that restrictions serve to accentuate deal value and act as “promoters” of promotions. We begin by using aggregate level scanner data to test our hypothesis that a sales restriction (e.g., “limit X per customer”) results in higher sales. Via three subsequent experiments, we then investigate contextual and individual factors moderating this effect. Study 2 suggests that restrictions only have a positive effect for low need for cognition individuals. Study 3 explores the potential mediating role of deal evaluations on purchase intent across discount levels. Study 4 examines the effect of three types of restrictions (purchase limits, time limits, and purchase preconditions) across discount levels and explores the underlying beliefs driving these effects. An integrative model across studies demonstrates the robustness of the restriction effect and supports the premise that restrictions work through signaling value. Implications for how consumers determine promotional value are discussed.