Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internal comparison standard for abdominal diffusion-weighted imaging

Background Standards for abdominal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements, and analysis are required for reproducibility. Purpose To identify optimal internal comparison standards for DWI to normalize the measured ADC for increased accuracy of differentiating malignant and benign abdominal lesions. Material and Methods We retrospectively studied 97 lesions (89 patients; age, 57 ± 13 years) with histopathologically confirmed abdominal disease. Seven normal body parts/contents (normal parenchyma, spleen, kidney, gallbladder bile, paraspinal muscle, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]) were assessed as internal references for possible use as comparison standards. Three observers performed ADC measurements. Statistical analyses included interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests, and coefficient of variation (CV). ROC analyses were performed to assess diagnostic accuracy of lesion ADC and normalized ADC for differentiating lesions. Pathology results were the reference standard. Results Mean and normalized ADCs were significantly lower for malignant lesions than for benign lesions (P < 0.001). ICC was excellent for all internal references. Gallbladder had the lowest CV. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed that normalized ADCs obtained using normal parenchyma were better than lesion ADCs for differentiating malignant and benign abdominal lesions (area under the curve [AUC], 0.808 and 0.756, respectively). The normalized ADCs obtained using CSF shows higher accuracy than lesion ADCs (0.80 and 0.76, respectively) for differentiating between malignant and benign abdominal lesions. Conclusion The normal parenchyma from a lesion-detected organ can be used as an internal comparison standard for DWI. CSF can be used as a generalizable in plane reference standard.
Spot the Black Hat in a Dark Room: Parallelized Controlled Access Searchable Encryption on FPGAs

The advent of cloud computing offers clients with the opportunity to outsource storage and processing of large volumes of shared data to third party service providers, thereby enhancing overall accessibility and operational productivity. However, security concerns arising from the threat of insider and external attacks often require the data to be stored in an encrypted manner. Secure and efficient keyword searching on such large volumes of encrypted data is an important and yet one of the most challenging services to realize in practice. Even more challenging is to incorporate fine-grained client-specific access control a commonly encountered requirement in cloud applications in such searchable encryption solutions. Existing searchable encryption schemes in literature tend to focus on the use of specialized data structures for efficiency, and are not explicitly designed to address controlled access scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel controlled access searchable encryption (CASE) scheme. As the name suggests, CASE inherently embeds access control in its key management process, and scales efficiently with increase in the volume of encrypted data handled by the system. We provide a concrete construction for CASE that is privacy-preserving under well-known cryptographic assumptions. We then present a prototype implementation for our proposed construction on an ensemble of Artix 7 FPGAs. The architecture for our implementation exploits the massively parallel capabilities provided by hardware, especially in the design of data structures for efficient storage and retrieval of data. The implementation requires a total of 192 FPGAs to support a document collection comprising of 100 documents with a dictionary of 1000 keywords. In addition, the hardware implementation of CASE is found to outperform its software counterpart in terms of both search efficiency and scalability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first hardware implementation of a searchable encryption scheme to be reported in the literature.
Field-to-Long-Segmented-Trace Coupling With Arbitrary Loads and a Transparent Upper Bound Using a Single Modified Taylor Cell

In modern electronic products, the printed circuit board (PCB) traces may well form the dominant coupling path in radiated immunity problems. Therefore, an understanding of the designable parameters that influences the worst-case induced voltages can be of use to the PCB designer, together with rapid simulations. Therefore, a modified single (unmeshed) Taylor cell is combined with the transmission line theory to predict the terminal voltages induced by a grazing, vertically polarized plane wave, incident on a multisegment trace with arbitrary terminal impedances. The resulting model is closed form and therefore suitable for rapid simulations. Furthermore, the model is geometrically approximated to provide understanding on how designable PCB parameters determine the worst-case induced voltage. Finally, the model is compared to measurement results.
Traffic pattern modeling, trajectory classification and vehicle tracking within urban intersections

Traffic behavioral monitoring within urban intersections is an essential issue in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for a smart city. This paper investigates on gathering traffic information within an urban intersection where accidents frequently occur. In this paper, traffic pattern modeling, trajectory classification and a real-time vehicle tracker within the urban intersection are proposed. Trajectories of vehicles within the intersection are more regular than that of pedestrians; such monotonous trajectories can be classified with Hidden Markov Model (HMM) into various kinds of motion patterns and tracklet prediction can be performed then. So, given an identified prefix trajectory (for a new coming vehicle), the most likely model is determined and the probable template (tracklet) with the highest similarity is selected. This template gives the direction to forecast the next few locations the vehicle may pass through. Besides, tracking all of trajectories in real-time is a computational challenge, on the basis of vehicle movement and tracklet prediction, the proposed method can remove most of the unnecessary particles. The experimental results demonstrate both the computational effectiveness and tracking correctness of the proposed method, and the tracker truly executes in real-time for the intersections of six traffic lanes, say around six vehicles per second on tracking.
Activation of transient receptor potential A1 by a non‐pungent capsaicin‐like compound, capsiate

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Capsiate is produced by ‘CH‐19 Sweet’ (Capsicum annuun L.), a non‐pungent cultivar of red pepper. Like capsaicin, capsiate is thought to enhance energy metabolism by activating the sympathetic nervous system and suppressing inflammation, but the underlying mechanisms for this are uncertain. We previously reported that capsiate could activate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a capsaicin receptor. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether capsinoids activate other TRP channels.
Acetyl-l-carnitine versus placebo for migraine prophylaxis: A randomized, triple-blind, crossover study

Background Preventive medication is indicated for many migraine patients, but is used in relatively few. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of acetyl-l-carnitine as a prophylactic drug in migraine patients. Methods A single-center, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was carried out. Men and women, age 18–65 years, with episodic migraine but otherwise healthy, were recruited mostly through advertisements. After a four-week run-in-phase, 72 participants were randomized to receive either placebo or 3 g acetyl-l-carnitine for 12 weeks. After a four-week washout, treatment was switched. The primary outcome was days with moderate or severe headache per four weeks. Secondary outcomes were days with headache, hours with headache, proportion of responders (>50% reduction in migraine days from baseline) and adverse events. Results In the complete case analyses, no statistically significant differences were found between acetyl-l-carnitine and placebo in severe or moderate headache days per month (3.0 versus 3.1, p = 0.80), headache days per month (5.1 versus 5.2, p = 0.73) or for the other secondary outcome measures. Conclusion In this triple-blind crossover study no differences were found in headache outcomes between acetyl-l-carnitine and placebo. Our results do not provide evidence of benefit for efficacy of acetyl-l-carnitine as prophylactic treatment for migraine. Trial registration: EUDRACT (2012-001624-36), ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01695317).
Spousal loss, children, and the risk of nursing home admission.

UNLABELLED OBJECTIVES. Informed by a life course perspective, this study investigates the effects of spousal loss and availability of adult children on elderly husbands' and wives' risk of nursing home entry. METHODS Based on longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study, we studied 2,116 couples who were community residents in 1998. We estimate proportional hazards models for husbands' and wives' duration to first nursing home admission during 8 years of follow-up. RESULTS Overall, 438 (20.7%) husbands and 382 (18.1%) wives were institutionalized, and 362 (17.1%) husbands and 701 (33.1%) wives lost their spouse. Accounting for measured covariates, the risk of nursing home entry doubled for men following spousal death, but was unchanged for women. Results indicate that adult children reduced wives' risk of nursing home admission regardless of husbands' vital status, but buffered husbands' risk only after the death of their wives. We uncover suggestive evidence of parent-child gender concordance in children's buffering effect of widowed parents' risk of institutionalization. Discussion. Our findings are consistent with gender variations in spousal caregiving and in husbands' and wives' relative reliance on care from a partner and children. This study provides new evidence on the relationship between institutionalization and family structure among married elderly persons.
Independent and combined effects of calcium-vitamin D3 and exercise on bone structure and strength in older men: an 18-month factorial design randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT Exercise and calcium-vitamin D are independently recognized as important strategies to prevent osteoporosis, but their combined effects on bone strength and its determinants remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE To assess whether calcium-vitamin D(3) fortified milk could enhance the effects of exercise on bone strength, structure, and mineral density in middle-aged and older men. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS An 18-month factorial design randomized controlled trial in which 180 men aged 50-79 years were randomized to the following: exercise + fortified milk; exercise; fortified milk; or controls. Exercise consisted of progressive resistance training with weight-bearing impact activities performed 3 d/week. Men assigned to fortified milk consumed 400 ml/d of 1% fat milk containing 1000 mg/d calcium and 800 IU/d vitamin D(3). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in bone mineral density (BMD), bone structure, and strength at the lumbar spine (LS), proximal femur, mid-femur, and mid-tibia measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and/or quantitative computed tomography. RESULTS There were no exercise-by-fortified milk interactions at any skeletal site. Main effect analysis showed that exercise led to a 2.1% (95% confidence interval, 0.5-3.6) net gain in femoral neck section modulus, which was associated with an approximately 1.9% gain in areal BMD and cross-sectional area. Exercise also improved LS trabecular BMD [net gain 2.2% (95% confidence interval, 0.2-4.1)], but had no effect on mid-femur or mid-tibia BMD, structure, or strength. There were no main effects of the fortified milk at any skeletal site. CONCLUSION A community-based multi-component exercise program successfully improved LS and femoral neck BMD and strength in healthy older men, but providing additional calcium-vitamin D(3) to these replete men did not enhance the osteogenic response.
Christianity, Empire, and the Making of Religion in Late Antiquity

Introduction: Identity Politics in the Later Roman Empire Chapter 1. Philosophers, Apologists, and Empire Chapter 2. Porphyry on Greeks, Christians, and Others Chapter 3. Vera Religio and Falsae Religiones: Lactantius's Divine Institutes Chapter 4. What Difference Does an Emperor Make? Apologetics and Imperial Ideology in Constantine's Oration to the Saints and Imperial Letters Chapter 5. From Hebrew Wisdom to Christian Hegemony: Eusebius of Caesarea's Apologetics and Panegyrics Epilogue: Empire's Palimpsest Appendix: Porphyry's Polemics and the Great Persecution List of Abbreviations Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments
Sentinel Node Biopsy and Cytokeratin Staining for the Accurate Staging of 478 Breast Cancer Patients

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping is an effective and accurate method of sampling the axillary nodal basin for metastatic disease. The SLN is the first node to receive afferent lymphatic drainage from the primary tumor. Lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy have allowed pathologists to perform a more detailed examination of the SLN(s) and, therefore, provide more accurate staging of the regional lymphatic basin. Recently, more sensitive assays have been developed to increase the detection rate of micrometastatic to the axillary lymph nodes. Cytokeratin (CK) immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of the SLN detects micrometastatic disease, which is frequently missed on routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histology. Therefore, lymphatic mapping combined with CK IHC staining of the SLN provides more accurate staging of the regional lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. At Moffitt Cancer Center, 478 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer underwent intraoperative lymphatic mapping using a combination of vital blue dye and technetium-labeled sulfur colloid. The excised SLNs were examined grossly, by intraoperative imprint cytology, by standard H&E histology, and by IHC stains for CK. SLNs that were only CK positive were confirmed malignant by sectioning the block, staining with H&E and finding cells with malignant cytology. Lymphatic mapping and CK IHC staining of the SLNs was successfully performed in 478 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Twenty-eight patients had unsuccessful lymphatic mapping for an overall failure rate of 5.5 per cent. A total of 134 (28%) patients had positive nodes (N1) detected. Ninety-three of these patients had both H&E and CK-positive lymph nodes, and an additional 41 patients had only CK-positive SLN(s). A total of 385 patients had H&E-negative SLNs, but only 344 patients had negative SLN(s) defined as both H&E and CK negative. Therefore, 41 (10.6%) of the 385 H&E-negative patients were upstaged, because of the detection of malignant cells by cytokeratin IHC staining of the SLN. Microstaging of SLNs with CK has shifted 10.6 per cent of our patient population from stage I to stage II disease. Undetected micrometastatic disease to the regional lymph nodes may account for the significant proportion of stage I breast cancer treatment failures. Furthermore, the ability to accurately stage the axilla by using lymphatic mapping techniques, SLN biopsy, and more sensitive assays may help identify a subgroup of truly node-negative patients with invasive breast cancer who can avoid the morbidity associated with a complete axillary dissection or systemic chemotherapy. Finally, those patients found to have micrometastatic disease to the regional lymph nodes can be treated appropriately in a more selective fashion.
Inflammatory Cytokines Enhance the Interaction of Mannheimia haemolytica Leukotoxin with Bovine Peripheral Blood Neutrophils In Vitro

ABSTRACT Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica A1 produces several virulence factors that play an important role in the pathogenesis of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. Foremost among these is a leukotoxin (LKT) that specifically kills ruminant leukocytes. Recent evidence suggests that M. haemolytica LKT binding to bovine leukocytes is mediated by the β2-integrin CD11a/CD18 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 [LFA-1]), which subsequently induces activation and cytolysis of these cells. Inflammatory cytokines, which are released during viral and bacterial infection, are reported to increase LFA-1 expression and conformational activation. We investigated the effects of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) on the interaction of M. haemolytica LKT with bovine peripheral blood neutrophils (PMNs). In this study we demonstrated, by flow cytometry, that bovine PMNs increased their binding to an anti-bovine LFA-1 monoclonal antibody (BAT75A) following in vitro incubation with IL-1β, TNF-α, or IFN-γ. Incubation with cytokines also increased CD18 expression, as assessed by real-time PCR and by Western blotting. Increased LFA-1 expression by PMNs exposed to cytokines was associated with increased LKT binding and cytotoxicity. The latter represented, at least in part, enhanced PMN apoptosis, as assessed by propidium iodine staining and caspase-3 activation. The results of this study suggest that inflammatory cytokines may play an important role in enhancing the biological response of bovine PMNs to M. haemolytica LKT.
Set-Based Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Decomposition for Permutation-Based Multiobjective Combinatorial Optimization Problems

This paper studies a specific class of multiobjective combinatorial optimization problems (MOCOPs), namely the permutation-based MOCOPs. Many commonly seen MOCOPs, e.g., multiobjective traveling salesman problem (MOTSP), multiobjective project scheduling problem (MOPSP), belong to this problem class and they can be very different. However, as the permutation-based MOCOPs share the inherent similarity that the structure of their search space is usually in the shape of a permutation tree, this paper proposes a generic multiobjective set-based particle swarm optimization methodology based on decomposition, termed MS-PSO/D. In order to coordinate with the property of permutation-based MOCOPs, MS-PSO/D utilizes an element-based representation and a constructive approach. Through this, feasible solutions under constraints can be generated step by step following the permutation-tree-shaped structure. And problem-related heuristic information is introduced in the constructive approach for efficiency. In order to address the multiobjective optimization issues, the decomposition strategy is employed, in which the problem is converted into multiple single-objective subproblems according to a set of weight vectors. Besides, a flexible mechanism for diversity control is provided in MS-PSO/D. Extensive experiments have been conducted to study MS-PSO/D on two permutation-based MOCOPs, namely the MOTSP and the MOPSP. Experimental results validate that the proposed methodology is promising.
Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) an early‐screening biomarker for ovarian cancer: NGAL is associated with epidermal growth factor‐induced epithelio‐mesenchymal transition

The expression of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been shown to be upregulated in ovarian cancer cells. In this study, we report that the expression of immunoreactive NGAL (irNGAL) in ovarian tumors changes with disease grade and that this change is reflected in the concentration of NGAL in peripheral blood. A total of 59 ovarian tissues including normal, benign, borderline malignant and grades 1, 2 and 3 malignant were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. irNGAL was not present in normal ovaries and the NGAL expression was weak to moderate in benign tissues. Both borderline and grade 1 tumors displayed the highest amount of NGAL expression with moderate to strong staining, whereas in grade 2 and 3 tumors, the extent of staining was significantly less (p < 0.01) and staining intensity was weak to moderate. Staining in all cases was confined to the epithelium. NGAL expression was analyzed by ELISA in 62 serum specimens from normal and different grades of cancer patients. Compared to control samples, the NGAL concentration was 2 and 2.6‐fold higher in the serum of patients with benign tumors and cancer patients with grade 1 tumors (p < 0.05) and that result was consistent with the expression of NGAL performed by Western blot. NGAL expression was evaluated by Western blot in an immortalized normal ovarian cell line (IOSE29) as well as ovarian cancer cell lines. Moderate to strong expression of NGAL was observed in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and OVCA433 while no expression of NGAL was evident in normal IOSE29 and mesenchyme‐like OVHS1, PEO.36 and HEY cell lines. NGAL expression was downregulated in ovarian cancer cell lines undergoing epithelio‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF). Downregulation of NGAL expression correlated with the upregulation of vimentin expression, enhanced cell dispersion and downregulation of E‐cadherin expression, some of the hallmarks of EMT. EGF‐induced EMT phenotypes were inhibited in the presence of AG1478, an inhibitor of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity. These data indicate that NGAL may be a good marker to monitor changes of benign to premalignant and malignant ovarian tumors and that the molecule may be involved in the progression of epithelial ovarian malignancies. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased amounts of the Aspergillus metabolite D-mannitol in tissue and serum of rats with experimental aspergillosis.

Several Aspergillus species produce large amounts of the hexitol D-mannitol in vitro, but it is not known whether these species also produce D-mannitol in vivo. Serum samples and homogenized tissues were analyzed from rats pretreated with cortisone and cyclophosphamide and then given 2 x 10(6) preincubated conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus intravenously. The resulting infection was lethal by 48 h and was characterized by much more severe disease in the liver than in the kidneys, spleen, or lungs. A compound present in increased amounts in the livers and sera of the infected rats was shown to be D-mannitol by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry and enzymatically. Quantitative analysis by GC showed that the infected rats had more D-mannitol in their livers (but not in their lungs or kidneys) after 12 h (P less than .01 at 12, 24, and 36 h) and higher serum D-mannitol concentrations and serum D-mannitol/creatinine ratios after 36 h (P less than .05) than did uninfected controls. These results indicate that A. fumigatus can produce and release sufficient D-mannitol in the tissues of infected animals to raise serum D-mannitol levels. Thus, D-mannitol is a potential diagnostic marker for aspergillosis.