Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Setting up and functioning of an Emergency Medicine Department: Lessons learned from a preliminary study

Background and Aims: Tertiary care teaching hospitals remain referral centres for victims of trauma and mass casualty. Often specialists from various disciplines manage these crowded casualty areas. These age old casualty areas are being replaced, throughout the country by Emergency Medicine Departments (EMDs), presumed to be better planned to confront a crisis. We aimed to gather basic data contributive in setting up of an EMD at a tertiary care teaching hospital from the lessons learned from functioning existent systems. Methods: This is primarily a questionnaire-based descriptive study at tertiary care referral centres across the country, which was purposively selected.The study models included one from a hospital without designated EMD and the other four from hospitals with established EMDs. Direct observation and focus group meetings with experienced informants at these hospitals contributed to the data. In the absence of a validated hospital preparedness assessment scale, comparison was done with regard to quantitative, qualitative and corroborative parameters using descriptive analysis. Results: The EMDs at best practice models were headed by specialist in Emergency Medicine assisted by organised staff, had protocols for managing mass casualty incident (MCI), separate trauma teams, ergonomic use of infrastructure and public education programmes. In this regard, these hospitals seemed well organised to manage MCIs and disasters. Conclusion: The observation may provide a preliminary data useful in setting up an EMD. In the absence of published Indian literature, this may facilitate further research in this direction. Anaesthesiologists, presently an approved Faculty in Emergency Medicine training can provide creative input with regard to its initial organisation and functioning, thus widening our horizons in a country where there is a severe dearth of trained emergency physicians.
Analytical synthesis of voltage mode OTA-C all-pass filters for high frequency operation

This paper describes how analytical synthesis facilitates the development of new voltage mode Operational Transconductance Amplifiers and Capacitors or (OTA-C) all-pass filters suitable for high-frequency operation. The proposed synthesis method is based on the analytical solution of a single, nth-order filter transfer function and the generation of n realizable transfer functions implemented using lossless integrators and one additional constraint. The presented all-pass filters contain the least number of passive and active elements for a given filter order when compared with previous work. Furthermore, the method generates circuits that contain only grounded capacitors and single-input OTAs, attractive features for high-frequency applications.
Fast NDE of Superconducting Magnet Wires Using a Flow-Through SQUID Microscope

We have developed a cryocooled high-Tc SQUID microscope for fast non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of superconducting NbTi magnet wire. A feedthrough mechanism pulls the wire at speeds of up to 20 cm/s through a thin mylar tube that separates the room temperature wire from the SQUID. We present results on test wires where we detect defects down to about 0.3 mm diameter. Using analytical and numerical models, we extract information from the data, such as defect size and location. We describe a method for fast automated detection of defects in long wires.
Isolation and Functional Analysis of Cytochrome P450 CYP153A Genes from Various Environments

The cytochrome P450 CYP153 family is thought to mediate the terminal hydroxylation reactions of n-alkanes. We isolated 16 new P450 CYP153A genes (central region) from various environments such as petroleum-contaminated soil and groundwater, as well as one from the n-alkane-degrading bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 (designated P450balk). The sequences of the new P450 genes were extended by PCR to generate full-length chimeric P450 genes, using the N- and C-terminal domains of P450balk. A differential CO-reduced P450 spectral analysis indicated that 8 P450 genes among the 16 chimeric genes were expressed in Escherichia coli to generate a soluble and functional enzyme. The several functional chimeric P450s and P450balk were further fused to the reductase domain of the self-sufficient P450 monooxygenase (P450RhF) at the C-terminus. E. coli cells expressing these self-sufficient P450 chimeric genes converted n-alkanes, cyclohexane, 1-octene, n-butylbenzene, and 4-phenyl-1-butene into 1-alkanols, cyclohexanol, 1,2-epoxyoctane, 1-phenyl-4-butanol, and 2-phenethyl-oxirane, respectively.
Introductory Chapter: Standard Model of Cosmology

The current Standard Model of Cosmology (SMC), also called the “Concordance Cosmological Model” or the “ΛCDMModel,” assumes that the universe was created in the “Big Bang” from pure energy, and is now composed of about 5% ordinary matter, 27% dark matter, and 68% dark energy [1]. While the SMC is based primarily upon two theoretical models: (1) the Standard Model of Particle Physics (SMPP) [2], which describes the physics of the very small in terms of quantum mechanics and (2) the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) [3], which describes the physics of the very large in terms of classical mechanics; it also depends upon several additional assumptions. The main additional assumptions of the SMC are: (1) the universe was created in the Big Bang from pure energy; (2) the mass energy content of the universe is given by 5% ordinary matter, 27% dark matter, and 68% dark energy; (3) the gravitational interactions between the above three components of the mass energy content of the universe are described by the GTR; and (4) the universe is homogeneous and isotropic on sufficiently large (cosmic) scales. Unfortunately, both the SMPP and the GTR are considered to be incomplete in the sense that they do not provide any understanding of several empirical observations. The SMPP does not provide any understanding of the existence of three families or generations of leptons and quarks, the mass hierarchy of these elementary particles, the nature of gravity, the nature of dark matter, etc. [4]. The GTR does not provide any understanding of the Big Bang cosmology, inflation, the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe, the nature of dark energy, etc. Furthermore, the latest version of the SMC, the ΛCDM Model is essentially a parameterization of the Big Bang cosmological model in which the GTR contains a cosmological constant, Λ, which is associated with dark energy, and the universe contains sufficiently massive dark matter particles, i.e., “cold dark matter. ” However, both dark energy and dark matter are simply names describing unknown entities. The main aim of this Cosmology Book is to discuss the above serious problems that threaten to undermine the foundations of the current SMC.
Multi-Frame motion deblurring of video using the natural oscillatory motion of dexterous legged robots

Motion blur is a common problem for machine vision applications in legged mobile robotic platforms. Due to the oscillatory walking nature of these platforms, the cameras on them experience disturbances so that most of the captured frames are motion blurred. Motion blur results in loss of information in individual image frames and therefore makes single-frame deblurring an ill-posed problem. The variation in the magnitude of motion blur in consecutive video frames can be exploited to better restore these frames by combining the information available in them. The authors focus on the multi-frame image deblurring problem and propose a promising method to achieve this information fusion especially when the video is corrupted by non-linear blur, such as the case in legged mobile robots. The authors present the theory and results obtained on a realistic motion-blur dataset collected on a representative robotic platform. These results are also compared with a leading single-frame deblurring method and show improvement in particular for video corrupted by linear and non-linear motion blur.
Attitudes and the environment as determinants of active travel in adults: what do and don't we know?

BACKGROUND Walking and cycling for transport, or 'active travel,' has the potential to contribute to overall physical activity levels. However, a wide range of factors are hypothesized to be associated with adult's active travel behavior. This paper describes current knowledge of the psychological and environmental determinants of active travel in adults, and considers ways in which the 2 domains can be better integrated. METHODS Quantitative studies were reviewed which examined psychological and environmental influences on active travel in an adult population. Studies were classified according to whether they examined psychological, environmental or both types of factor. RESULTS Fourteen studies were identified which examined psychological correlates of active travel behavior in adults, and 36 which examined environmental correlates. Seven studies were identified which considered both domains, of which only 2 of explored the interactions between personal, social and environmental factors. The majority of the evidence is helpful in identifying correlates rather than determinants of active travel behavior. CONCLUSIONS To further our understanding of the influences of active travel, there is a need for more research which integrates both individual and environmental domains and examines how they interact.
Gender Segregation in Australian Science Education: Contrasting Post-Secondary Vet with University

Young men and women dominate different niches of science education in Australia, but how this divide varies between university and post-secondary vocational education and training (VET) is not well understood. Therefore, I compare courses in both sectors to assess if the male-female gap at later stages of education mirrors adolescent career plans and subject choices made in secondary school. Multinomial logistic regressions estimated on data from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian Youth (Y06) illustrate the extent to which the gender divides in secondary and post-secondary education correspond with one another. Y06 started with the 2006 Australian Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Each year until 2013, a nationally representative sample of youth, who were nearly 16 years old in 2006, reported their schooling and work experiences. I find that Australian women rarely specialise in physics, engineering and technology (PET); in contrast, they dominate the life sciences. While post-secondary science is segregated by gender everywhere, the disparity within VET is much deeper due to a large share of PET enrolments. VET students, who come from modest socio-economic backgrounds and have less academic success at school, learn in more segregated environments than their university peers. This analysis suggests that gender divides will be particularly hard to close within post-secondary VET, even if schools succeed in eradicating gender differentials in students' career aspirations, science performance, self-concept and choices of science subjects.
Food volume computation for self dietary assessment applications

There is great demand for easily-accessible, user-friendly dietary self-management applications. Yet accurate, fully-automatic estimation of nutritional intake using computer vision methods remains an open research problem. One key element of this problem is the volume estimation, which can be computed from 3D models obtained using multi-view geometry. The paper presents a computational system for volume estimation based on the processing of two meal images. A 3D model of the served meal is reconstructed using the acquired images and the volume is computed from the shape. The algorithm was tested on food models (dummy foods) with known volume and on real served food. Volume accuracy was in the order of 90 %, while the total execution time was below 15 seconds per image pair. The proposed system combines simple and computational affordable methods for 3D reconstruction, remained stable throughout the experiments, operates in near real time, and places minimum constraints on users.
Acute changes in handgrip strength, endurance, and blood lactate with sustained sport rock climbing.

BACKGROUND Modern rock climbers stress the importance of hand-to-rock contact strength as a factor for success in competitive sport climbing events, however, the degree of handgrip fatigue that occurs during difficult climbing and the time course of recovery from fatigue have not been previously described. The purpose of this study was to characterize the nature of handgrip fatigue that results from difficult continuous climbing until a fall occurs. METHODS Eleven expert-level rock climbers (age = 28.7 +/- 4.5 years) volunteered to climb continuous laps over a pre-set competition-type route on an indoor modular climbing wall until a fall occurred. The route difficulty (YDS rating of 5.12 a) was near the limit of each subject's "on-sight" lead climbing ability and placed an emphasis on physically difficult movements. "On-sight" refers to a climbing style where the climber ascends the route on the first try without falls and without prior viewing or information about the route. Practice was allowed to enable each subject to master the individual technical movements of the route. Fingertip blood samples were obtained 10 min pre-climb, at post-climb, and at 5-, 10-, and 20-min recovery and analyzed for lactate. Maximum handgrip force in Newtons was determined via dynamometry for each hand and averaged for pre-climb, post-climb, and 5-, 10-, and 20-min recovery periods. Right handgrip endurance, defined as the time that the dominant hand handgrip force could be sustained above 70 percent of handgrip strength, was determined pre-climb, post-climb, and at 20-min recovery. RESULTS Mean climbing time during testing was 12.9 +/- 8.5 min for 2.8 +/- 2.2 laps over the route. Data among measurement times were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA with Newman-Keuls post hoc tests. Handgrip strength decreased by 22 percent and handgrip endurance decreased by 57 percent from pre-climb to post-climb and both remained depressed after 20 minutes of resting recovery. The pre-climb blood lactate of 1.4 +/- 0.8 mmol.l-1 significantly increased to 6.1 +/- 1.4 mmol.l-1 at post-climb and remained elevated (2.3 +/- 0.8 mmol.l-1) at 20-min recovery. Percent decreases in handgrip strength were significantly correlated with climbing time (R = 0.70), number of laps completed (R = 0.70), and blood lactate (R = 0.76). Percent decreases in handgrip endurance were significantly correlated with climbing time (R = 0.70) and number of laps completed (R = 0.80), but not with blood lactate (R = 0.56). CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that handgrip strength and handgrip endurance decrease with continuous difficult rock climbing and remain depressed after 20 minutes of resting recovery. It also appears that handgrip strength recovers at a faster rate than handgrip endurance.
Cloning and sequencing of the URA5 gene from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

The URA5 gene of Yarrowia lipolytica encoding the orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRTase, EC2.4.2.10) was isolated by target integration in a mutant strain originally named ura2.21. The nucleotide sequence of the gene predicts a protein with high similarities with the OPRTases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Podospora anserina and Escherichia coli and to a lesser extent with that of Dictyostelium discoideum. The transcription start point has been mapped by primer extension analysis and indicates the existence of a long leader sequence in the corresponding mRNA. Northern‐blot hybridization revealed the URA5 transcript to be approximately 0·94 kb. Deletion of the URA5 gene in Y. lipolytica produced a leaky phenotype similar to the one described for the ura5 mutation in S. cerevisiae. The URA5 gene of Y. lipolytica was able to complement functionally the ura5 mutation of S. cerevisiae. The sequence presented here has been submitted to the EMBL data library under Accession Number Z22571.
Work stress and health in Western European and post-communist countries: an East–West comparison study

Background: There is evidence that psychosocial factors at work influence the risk of poor health in Western societies, but little is known about the effect of work stress in the former communist countries. The aim of this paper is to compare the association of work stress with self-rated health in Western European and post-communist countries. Methods: Data from four epidemiological studies were used: the HAPIEE study (Poland, Russia and the Czech Republic), the Hungarian Epidemiological Panel (Hungary), the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study (Germany) and the Whitehall II study (UK). The overall sample consisted of 18 494 male and female workers aged 35–65 years. Results: High effort-reward imbalance at work was associated with poor self-rated health. The adjusted odds ratios for the highest versus lowest quartile of the effort-reward ratio were 3.8 (95% CI 1.9 to 7.7) in Hungary, 3.6 (95% CI 2.3 to 5.7) in the Czech Republic, 2.5 (95% CI 1.5 to 4.1) in the UK, 2.3 (95% CI 1.6 to 3.5) in Germany, 1.5 (95% CI 1.0 to 2.1) in Poland and 1.4 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.8) in Russia. The differences in odds ratios between countries were statistically significant (p<0.05). A similar pattern was observed for the effect of overcommitment on poor health. Conclusion: The association of effort-reward imbalance at work and of a high degree of work-related overcommitment with poor self-rated health was seen in all countries, but the size of the effects differed considerably. It does not appear that the effects in Eastern Europe are systematically stronger than in the West.
The Advent of Performing Rights in Europe

Music copyright, as well as other intellectual property rights (IPRs), has always been closely linked to technological shifts. The introduction of the printing press in the mid-fifteenth century started the process toward copyright in tangible items like books, music scores, CDs, posters, and T-shirts. These products are all private goods in that they are rivalrous and excludable. Once an item has been bought, nobody else can buy it. Broadcast rights, mechanical rights, and blank media levies also appeared as the results of new technologies. The digital revolution and the Internet call for new amendments to the current IPR legislation. This paper tells the story of another IPR that covers goods or situations that in some aspects are non-rivalrous or non-excludable, namely the performing right. It briefly looks at technological change as a cause for the urge for performing rights but concludes that it was rather the general economic growth in Europe after the Industrial Revolution and the growth of the public concert scene that paved the way for the new legislative amendment. Although at least the initial transaction costs were high, the potential gains from the introduction of the institution of property rights in the inputs for music-making in public performances could now be beneficial for the growth of supply both qualitatively and quantitatively. Composers could devote themselves more to their trade as freelance professionals. The collective licensing agencies became second-step institutions in attempts to lower transaction costs. Thus, this paper discusses the fundamentals of institutional economics. I will describe the introduction of performing rights by means of international comparisons from France, Germany, Britain, and Sweden. Why did the latter three take so long to implement the French legislative innovation? Ethnic or national animosities will be discussed. Ostensible differences in the way composers and outsiders viewed both artistic and general moral norms seem to play an important role in determining why some countries viewed performing rights with lingering skepticism for several decades after their first introduction in France. This point is related to Polányi's theory of labor as a “fictitious commodity” and his observation of the “double movement” of liberating and restricting forces on the labor market. Performing rights are generally divided into two categories: 1. grands droits pertaining to music for the stage (opera, musicals, ballet); and 2. petits droits pertaining to the diffusion of other forms of music productions. The grand rights are negotiated directly between the composer (often represented by a publisher) and the theater company while the small rights are the objects of collective licensing agencies, which provide customers with blanket licenses for the use of all the music listed by the agency for an agreed purpose (normally live performances or broadcasts).
Child Support Payment Behavior: An Econometric Decomposition*

Growing concern about the cost to families and society from child support noncompliance has resulted in a flurry of scholarly articles and in welfare reform legislation addressing child support. The attention has been drawn from reports showing that almost 2.3 million women of the 4.4 million owed support in 1985 did not receive all they were owed-many receiving no payment at all [17]. ' The implications of this are far-reaching. It is well known that over half of all female-headed families have children in poverty, and many of these families will end up drawing Aid to Families with Dependent Children payments. Child support could help shift the burden from general tax revenues to the responsible father. For the family, the benefits of additional income may result in reduced stress on the mother and less disruption in the lives of the children. Taking a longer run view, greater family income has been linked to more years of schooling and higher wage rates in the early part of a child's career [7]. Higher payments of child support, then, may serve to increase current parental income and help reduce future poverty. In this paper we use a more efficient estimator to model child support behavior than has been used. The technique allows the extraction of more information from the data than previously has been possible, in particular the marginal impact of changes in variables on the probability of being a nonpayer, partial payer or full payer, and on the expected amounts paid. We show the usual practice of combining individuals who only pay a part of their order with those who pay all of their order into one group may lead to misleading policy conclusions. The combining of these groups does give a sense of the total amount that can be collected across individuals. Often as important, though, are compliance issues centered on those not paying all of their support order. While attention has been paid to those paying none of their order, partial payers have been ignored in the literature. In the course of our work we find support for the effectiveness of the federal Child Support Enforcement Program (CSEP) in increasing compliance with support
Sex differences moderate decision making behaviour in high impulsive sensation seekers

We tested whether individuals with high levels of impulsive sensation seeking learn to choose advantageously in a specific decision-making context. One hundred twenty-eight participants (73 female) completed a neuropsychological task, the variant version of the Iowa Gambling Task (vIGT; Bechara, Tranel, & Damasio, 2000), in which individuals must select cards from decks that offer high initial losses if they are to eventually make a profit. The selection from decks of cards that led to the highest profit as the task progressed was higher in high, compared to low, impulsive sensation seekers. However, learning to choose advantageously was moderated by sex of participant. Specifically, compared to females, male high impulsive sensation seekers learned more quickly to make consistent selections from the advantageous decks despite the large immediate losses. Overall, the data support the hypothesis that insensitivity to loss due to impulsive sensation seeking can lead to financial gain.