Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of a robust adaptive CMAC system for BLDC motors with PI type parameter adaptation

The main advantage of cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) is its fast learning rate compared to other neural networks since it can provide more potential to enrich the mapping relationship between inputs and outputs. This paper proposes a robust adaptive CMAC system for brushless DC motors with PI type parameter adaptation. CMAC is used to mimic an ideal controller based on the Lyapunov stability theory, and the robust controller is designed to achieve L2 tracking performance with desired attenuation level. The robust adaptive CMAC system is implemented on a field programmable gate array chip and is applied to brushless DC (BLDC) motor control. Some experimental results verify that the proposed robust adaptive CMAC method can achieve good parameter adaptation and favorable tracking performance.
Prevalence and severity of vestibular recession in mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment.

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and severity of vestibular gingival recession of mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment and to evaluate possible contributing factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS From the record pool of patients who completed orthodontic treatment from 1999-2006 at the Department of Orthodontics, University of Oslo, Norway, 588 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Intraoral color slides were used for the evaluation of gingival recessions (based on Miller classification), presence of visible plaque, and gingival inflammation. Cephalometric radiographs were used to assess the sagittal intermaxillary relation, mandibular and intermaxillary angles, and the position of the lower incisors. A control group was drawn from the same pool of 588 patients. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. RESULTS The prevalence of gingival recessions after orthodontic treatment was 10.3%. Most (8.6%) were classified as Miller Class I, and 1.7% were classified as Miller Class II. Gingival recession was predominantly found on central incisors. Reduction of the sagittal intermaxillary angle and retroclination of the lower incisors was correlated with the development of a more severe gingival recession. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that vestibular gingival recession of mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment is of minor prevalence and severity. The presence of gingival recession or retroclination of the incisors with mesial basal relations increases the risk of more severe gingival recession.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW NAVICULOID DIATOM GENUS MORENEIS GEN. NOV. (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) FROM SAND FLATS IN KOREA 1

This article describes a new diatom genus Moreneis from the Yellow Sea sand flats on the west coast of Korea. The new genus is characterized by a unique combination of morphological characteristics, including the shape of the plastids, which have not been previously observed in diatoms. The valve morphology resembles other genera belonging to Lyrellaceae, within which we place this genus. In terms of areolae structure, Moreneis resembles Petroneis and Placoneis; however, it differs from both genera with respect to the raphe system and plastid shape. Cells of Moreneis spp. have a single large plastid appressed to the girdle of the secondary side of the valve, with two lobes extended toward the primary side of the valve. Furthermore, the unique feature of Moreneis frustules is the raphe, which has both external central and apical endings bent in opposite directions. We differentiated four taxa, which we describe as new for science. However, based on our findings, several established species from Navicula should also be formally transferred to Moreneis, including N. alpha Cleve, N. besarensis Giffen, N. epsilon Cleve, N. menaiana Hendey, N. polae Heiden, and N. quadri‐undulata F. Meister. Analysis of published data revealed that species belonging to Moreneis are numerous in tropical marine littoral waters, and in moderate climate zones, especially in the western Pacific, with only a few species occurring in the Mediterranean and Atlantic.
Improved visibility of brain tumors in synthetic MP‐RAGE anatomies with pure T1 weighting

Conventional MRI for brain tumor diagnosis employs T2‐weighted and contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted sequences. Non‐enhanced T1‐weighted images provide improved anatomical details for precise tumor location, but reduced tumor‐to‐background contrast as elevated T1 and proton density (PD) values in tumor tissue affect the signal inversely. Radiofrequency (RF) coil inhomogeneities may further mask tumor and edema outlines. To overcome this problem, the aims of this work were to employ quantitative MRI techniques to create purely T1‐weighted synthetic anatomies which can be expected to yield improved tissue and tumor‐to‐background contrasts, to compare the quality of conventional and synthetic anatomies, and to investigate optical contrast and visibility of brain tumors and edema in synthetic anatomies. Conventional magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echoes (MP‐RAGE) anatomies and maps of T1, PD and RF coil profiles were acquired in comparable and clinically feasible times. Three synthetic MP‐RAGE anatomies (PD T1 weighting both with and without RF bias; pure T1 weighting) were calculated for healthy subjects and 32 patients with brain tumors. In healthy subjects, the PD T1‐weighted synthetic anatomies with RF bias precisely matched the conventional anatomies, yielding high signal‐to‐noise (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise (CNR) ratios. Pure T1 weighting yielded lower SNR, but high CNR, because of increased optical contrasts. In patients with brain tumors, synthetic anatomies with pure T1 weighting yielded significant increases in optical contrast and improved visibility of tumor and edema in comparison with anatomies reflecting conventional T1 contrasts. In summary, the optimized purely T1‐weighted synthetic anatomy with an isotropic resolution of 1 mm, as proposed in this work, considerably enhances optical contrast and visibility of brain tumors and edema. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coalescence of the Sites of Cowpea Mosaic Virus RNA Replication into a Cytopathic Structure

ABSTRACT Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) replication induces an extensive proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, leading to the formation of small membranous vesicles where viral RNA replication takes place. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we found that early in the infection of cowpea protoplasts, CPMV plus-strand RNA accumulates at numerous distinct subcellular sites distributed randomly throughout the cytoplasm which rapidly coalesce into a large body located in the center of the cell, often near the nucleus. The combined use of immunostaining and a green fluorescent protein ER marker revealed that during the course of an infection, CPMV RNA colocalizes with the 110-kDa viral polymerase and other replication proteins and is always found in close association with proliferated ER membranes, indicating that these sites correspond to the membranous site of viral replication. Experiments with the cytoskeleton inhibitors oryzalin and latrunculin B point to a role of actin and not tubulin in establishing the large central structure. The induction of ER membrane proliferations in CPMV-infected protoplasts did not coincide with increased levels of BiP mRNA, indicating that the unfolded-protein response is not involved in this process.
SPOWL: Spark-based OWL 2 Reasoning Materialisation

This paper presents SPOWL, which uses Spark to perform OWL reasoning over large ontologies. SPOWL acts as a compiler, which maps axioms in the T-Box of an ontology to Spark programmes, which will be executed iteratively to compute and materialise a closure of reasoning results entailed by the ontology. Such a closure is then available to queries which retrieve information from the ontology. Compared to MapReduce, adopting Spark enables SPOWL to cache data in the distributed memory, to reduce the amount of I/O used, and to also parallelise jobs in a more flexible manner. We further analyse the dependencies among the Spark programmes, and propose an optimised order following the T-Box hierarchy, which makes the materialising process terminate with minimum iterations. Moreover, SPOWL uses a tableaux reasoner to classify the T-Box, and the classified axioms are complied into Spark programmes which are directly related to the ontological data under reasoning. This not only makes the reasoning by SPOWL more complete, but also avoids processing unnecessary rules, as compared to evaluating certain rulesets adopted by most state-of-the-art reasoners. Finally, since SPOWL materialises the reasoning closure for large ontologies, it processes queries retrieving ontology information faster than computing the query answers in real time.
A simultaneous strategy for dynamic optimization based on symbolic derivation

A novel simultaneous strategy for solving dynamic optimization problems (DOPs), which obtains symbolic derivation of the original problems before discretization, is studied in this work. In this strategy, the discretized nonlinear program (NLP) can be separated into two parts, named model-part and method-part. The model-part is determined by the original DOPs, and the method-part is decided by a collocation method. A solution framework based on symbolic computation is developed to discretize and solve the DOPs. All of these concepts are illustrated with two dynamic optimization examples.
A liquid-phase–blocking concanavalin A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies against Newcastle disease virus in serum of free-ranging pigeons

A competitive liquid-phase–blocking concanavalin A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LPB-ConA-ELISA) was developed in the current study. The assay used ConA as a capture reagent, and the sera of specific pathogen–free chickens immunized with nonpurified Newcastle disease virus (NDV) suspension as detector antibodies, to detect and quantify specific antiviral antibodies in serum samples from free-ranging pigeons. The comparison between the LPB-ConA-ELISA and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for the detection of antibodies in serum samples from 107 pigeons showed significant correlation between the assays (r = 0.875), a high sensitivity (100%), specificity (95.8%), accuracy (96.3%) for the ELISA, and good agreement (κ = 0.83) between the 2 assays. The results of this study suggest that the LPB-ConA-ELISA could be a useful alternative to HI test in the serodiagnosis of NDV in pigeons, or other species of birds.
Research on the Mean-VaR Portfolio Model under Constraint of Investment Chance

Under the assumption that the rates of return of portfolio are normal random variables,a mean-VaR portfolio model under constraint of investment chance is established.Existence and uniqueness of the model's optimal solution are discussed.Moreover,the explicit representation of the optimal solution is obtained. It is observed by comparison that the mean-variance portfolio model under chanced constraint is the special case of the model discussed in this paper.
HAADS: A Hebrew Aramaic abbreviation disambiguation system

In many languages abbreviations are very common and are widely used in both written and spoken language. However, they are not always explicitly defined and in many cases they are ambiguous. This research presents a process that attempts to solve the problem of abbreviation ambiguity using modern machine learning (ML) techniques. Various baseline features are explored, including context-related methods and statistical methods. The application domain is Jewish Law documents written in Hebrew and Aramaic, which are known to be rich in ambiguous abbreviations. Two research approaches were implemented and tested: general and individual. Our system applied four common ML methods to find a successful integration of the various baseline features. The best result was achieved by the SVM ML method in the individual research, with 98.07% accuracy.
Online insulation condition monitoring of ac machines using ultra-fast inverter switching transition based on new semi-conductor materials

In modern propulsion applications of tractions drives, voltage source inverter-fed three phase AC machines are preferred due to their flexibility and high dynamic torque properties. However, the fast switching of the inverter (high dv/dt rates) causes increased stress for the motor windings and leads to insulation degradation. Thus, insulation condition monitoring is getting more and more important to ensure reliability. The proposed online insulation monitoring method is able to detect incipient insulation defects by evaluation of the motor current’s transient response on voltage pulses injected by inverter switching. Experimental results are presented to prove the method’s performance in case of application of voltage source inverters with very high dv/dt rates as will appear for, e.g., inverters equipped by SiC semi-conductors.
Multiple faces detection in real time using neural networks

In this paper, a real time face detection method using several small size neural networks and a genetic algorithm with adaptive search area control is proposed. Neural networks and genetic algorithms may not be suitable for real time application because of their long processing times. However, in this paper, we show how fast speeds can be achieved using small effective neural networks and a genetic algorithm with a small population size that requires few generations to converge. We subdivide the face into several regions, each connected to an individual neural network. This guarantees small size networks and also offers the ability to learn different face regions features using different coding methods. The genetic algorithm is used during the real time search. It extracts possible faces from face candidates that are then tested using the neural networks. The face candidate area is then adaptively reduced depending on the location of the top six face samples. We then performed real time simulation using an inexpensive USB camera to prove the effectiveness of our proposal. We achieved between 98 and 96% accuracy for one or multiple faces respectively at 15 to 8 frames per second.
Measuring Experience Economy Concepts in Tourism: A Replication and Extension

Pine and Gilmore (1998) set out the vision for a new economic era: the ‘experience economy’ in which consumers are now searching for extraordinary and memorable experiences. Since then, a rich body of research on applications of the experience economy concepts have appeared in the consumer literature. However, it is only recently (Oh, Fiore and Jeoung, 2007) that academic investigation on the measurement of tourism experiences have emerged in the literature. The purpose of the research is to replicate and validate Oh, Fiore and Jeoung (Measuring Experience Economy Concepts: Tourism Applications, Journal of Travel Research, 46, November 2007, pp. 119-132) proposed measurement scale in the context of cruising. The study further extends Oh, Fiore and Jeoung (2007) conceptualisations and investigates the relationship between experience evaluations, satisfaction and intention to recommend. Overall, findings of this study enhance theoretical progress on the experiential concept in tourism.
Recent Advances in the Recombinant Biosynthesis of Polyphenols

Plants are the source of various natural compounds with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical importance which have shown numerous health benefits with relatively fewer side effects. However, extraction of these compounds from native producers cannot meet the ever-increasing demands of the growing population due to, among other things, the limited production of the active compound(s). Their production depends upon the metabolic demands of the plant and is also subjected to environmental conditions, abundance of crop species and seasonal variations. Moreover, their extraction from plants requires complex downstream processing and can also lead to the extinction of many useful plant varieties. Microbial engineering is one of the alternative approaches which can meet the global demand for natural products in an eco-friendly manner. Metabolic engineering of microbes or pathway reconstruction using synthetic biology tools and novel enzymes lead to the generation of a diversity of compounds (like flavonoids, stilbenes, anthocyanins etc.) and their natural and non-natural derivatives. Strain and pathway optimization, pathway regulation and tolerance engineering have produced microbial cell factories into which the metabolic pathway of plants can be introduced for the production of compounds of interest on an industrial scale in an economical and eco-friendly way. While microbial production of phytochemicals needs to further increase product titer if it is ever to become a commercial success. The present review covers the advancements made for the improvement of microbial cell factories in order to increase the product titer of recombinant polyphenolic compounds.
Chairman's introduction: What can we expect to learn from genomics?

The year 2003 is the 50th anniversary of the publication of Crick and Watson’s landmark paper suggesting a double helix structure for DNA (Watson & Crick, 1953) and the year in which the Human Genome Mapping Project has been completed. In the last 50 years, there has been an exponential expansion of biological research using genetics-based concepts and tools, with an increasing focus on mechanistic studies at the molecular level. Initial efforts to reveal the information in DNA have focused on sequence analysis and on understanding chromosomal structure. The sequence of bases within DNA provides the primary information store for each cell by encoding the genes that provide the blueprint for making proteins, the main structural components and workhorses of the cell. However, there is much more information within chromatin associated with the way that the DNA strand is packaged and with the proteins (histones) around which it is wrapped (for further discussion, see p. 2). In contrast to DNA sequence information that is essentially fixed for any given individual and determines the amino acid sequence and structure of proteins, these higher levels of information are involved in regulating gene expression at a given instant and may be influenced by the cell’s environment.
An Assessment of Risk of Fracture During Wirebond Over Active Circuits on ULK Dies

Mechanical integrity of the dielectric stack is challenged by the trend toward porous, lower dielectric constant interlayer dielectric (ILD) materials. During copper wirebonding over active circuits, the fracture of ultralow-k (ULK) dielectrics is a significant reliability challenge due to both the impact load and the high ultrasonic energy transmitted to the ILD stack. Thus, there is a need to assess the propensity of the ILD to fracture under the wirebonding process conditions. In this paper, a numerical investigation of the risk of fracture in ULK dies due to the Cu wirebonding process is presented. A recently developed computational technique for modeling cracks using behavioral approximations built directly on the geometrical model (enriched isogeometric analysis), as opposed to the analysis of a meshed geometry, is adopted to model damage in the ULK stacks. The cohesive damage induced in the ILD stack during the process steps, which is a measure of the risk of crack initiation, is used as an indicator of the reliability risk. The damage accumulation during the Cu wirebonding process is estimated to identify weak interfaces and potential sites for crack nucleation as well as damage nucleation patterns. Furthermore, the critical process condition at which crack nucleation is likely is identified by analyzing the damage induced during the impact and ultrasonic excitation stages. Also, representative ILD stack designs with varying Cu percentage are compared to assess the relative risk of fracture.
Evidence for neurotoxicity associated with amoxicillin in juvenile rats

Amoxicillin (AMX) is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for children, and childhood is the period to have the highest risk for toxicity cases including drug-induced adverse reactions. Some neurological adverse effects (anxiety, hyperactivity, confusion, convulsions, and behavioral changes) have been reported related to AMX treatment. In the present study, we aimed to determine the neurotoxic effects of AMX administration at clinically relevant doses in female juvenile rats. AMX was administered in single oral daily doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg for 14 days. According to our results, while AMX administration caused a significant increase in the immobility time of animals, swimming time of these animals significantly decreased. AMX administration significantly reduced the onset of pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions. The serotonin levels of brain tissues in the AMX-administered groups were decreased significantly, which is thought to be related to depression. The glutamate levels in brain tissues increased significantly in AMX-administered groups, which is thought to be related to convulsion. Otherwise, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly decreased in brain tissues of AMX-administered groups. In conclusion, AMX administration triggered depression and shortened the time of the appearance of first seizure in juvenile rats. Also, altered brain neurotransmitter levels and increased oxidative stress observed in our study were thought to be the possible underlying mechanisms of AMX-induced neurotoxicity.
RTV silicone elastomers in hand prosthetics: Properties, applications and techniques

In this technical note, an overview of RTV (room-temperature-vulcanising) silicone elastomers is provided. The properties and applications of 3 different types of RTV silicones in producing prostheses for the hand are discussed. Vinyl polysiloxanes are excellent silicone impression materials that offer the advantages of a rapid cure, near exact duplication of fine details and ease of removal of the cured impression without permanent deformation. RTV-2 dimethyl polysiloxanes are ideal for mould-making and fabricating prostheses given their favourable qualities that range from ease of pigmentation, adjustable consistency, manageable curing rate and accuracy in recording fine details in the liquid state to excellent stain-resistance, elasticity and biodurability in the vulcanised state. RTV-1 dimethyl polysiloxanes are self-curing, readyfor-use silicones that adhere adequately well to most substrates and are useful for extrinsic hue modifications and waterproofing of the prosthesis. The basic techniques for each of these applications are also discussed. The cure-inhibition of addition-curing RTV silicones by sulphur-, tin- and nitrogen-containing contaminants and its damaging consequence is highlighted. A compilation of known contaminating agents is provided so that prior contact with these objects can be avoided when working with addition-curing silicones. The precautionary measures to prevent the problem are also outlined.
Fast RTP Detection and Codecs Classification in Internet Traffic

This paper presents a fast multi-stage method for on-line detection of RTP streams and codec identification of transmitted voice or video traffic. The method includes an RTP detector that filters packets based on specific values from UDP and RTP headers. When an RTP stream is successfully detected, codec identification is applied using codec feature sets. The paper shows advantages and limitations of the method and its comparison with other approaches. The method was implemented as a part of network forensics framework NetFox developed in project SEC6NET. Results show that the method can be successfully used for Lawful Interception as well as for network monitoring.