Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality Improvement Techniques in WSN : A Review

Wireless Sensor Networks are used for data sensing, processing the data and communicating with other sensor tools. The interface between user and the network is a sink or base station, the sink gathers information and results from the network which in turn can be retrieved by the user by injecting queries. The major problems in wireless sensor networks are data faults, functional faults, low efficient batteries, node misbehaviour. Various algorithms such as Genetic, Extended AODV, Bayesian, Distributed fault detection algorithms have been proposed to overcome these issues with high accuracy. The communication between the sensor nodes are improved using multicast routing algorithm . The sensor are powered by batteries which are of limited resources and often degrading ,this reduces the efficiency of sensors. Fault tolerances are also of major concern in wireless sensor networks which can be overcome by using best effort fault tolerance algorithm. Inspite of all the proposed algorithms, the performance degradation in WSN still exists. The goal of this paper is to suggest the way for improving the quality of WSN and discusses about various issues that are existing in the real time and its appropriate proposed methods with newer techniques and technology. Recent researches in wireless sensor networks are of great impact in various areas such as emergency navigation, environmental surveillance, traffic monitoring , condition based equipment maintenance ,habitat monitoring and disaster management.
Period doubling solitons : yes or no ?

We investigate the possibility of period doubling transition to temporal chaos of a coherent structure in a linile dimensional ttamiltonian system with moderately small friction. A solitary' wave in a periodically driven chain of particles provides a typical example. To this end the equations of motion are transformed to those of one driven dominant oscillator with one degree of freedom, weakly coupled to a set of oscillators representing the other degrees of freedom. The equations for the dominant oscillator alone contirm the possibility of such a transition to chaos tk~r well chosen driving. However, taking into account coupling to the other degrees of freedom, one must conclude that the supposed infinite period doubling sequence for small or no dampling snt~'ives only in a heavily damaged state. In practice a reproducable completed sequence cannot be expected unless the damping is strong enough.
Teaching Organization Behaving

In a recent conversation with a seasoned professor of Organization Behavior, I was astonished to hear her say, &dquo;I sometimes wonder if we have anything relevant to say anymore. &dquo; I replied that, &dquo;more than ever, students need to know what people trained in OB know. Our problem is at least as much with our teaching methods as with content. &dquo; I was, of course, called to account for my opinions. We regularly hear that business is becoming disenchanted with MBAs who are seen as being overspecialized, loaded with technique they don’t know how to apply, lacking in common sense, and who are failures at communication and interpersonal relations. We now hear businessmen threatening to hire liberal arts undergraduates because they, at least, &dquo;can deal with people. &dquo; Given this, it is not so difficult to claim that students need OB more than ever.
Higgs physics: An historical perspective

“Weakly-coupled” and “strongly-coupled” models of electroweak symmetry breaking are introduced by analogy with the Fermi theory of the weak interaction and the low-energy interaction of pions, respectively. The implications of these two classes of models for colliders beyond the LHC and NLC are discussed.
Evidence for substructure in lens galaxies

We discuss whether one should expect that multiply imaged QSOs can be understood with ‘simple’ lens models that contain only a few parameters. Whereas for many lens systems such simple mass models yield a remarkably good description of the observed properties, there are some systems which are notoriously difficult to understand quantitatively. We argue that at least in one case (B 1422+231) these difficulties are not (solely) due to a ‘wrong’ parametrization of the lens model, but that the discrepancy between observed and model-predicted flux ratios is due to substructure in the lens. As in microlensing for optical fluxes, such substructure can distort also the radio flux ratios predicted by ‘simple’ mass models, in particular for highly magnified images, without appreciably changing image positions. Substructure also does not change the time delay significantly, and therefore has little effect on the determination of the Hubble constant using time delays. We quantify these statements with several simple scenarios for substructure, and propose a strategy to model lens systems in which substructure is suspected.
Formation, Repair, and Genotoxic Properties of Bulky DNA Adducts Formed from Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines

4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are tobacco-specific nitrosamines present in tobacco products and smoke. Both compounds are carcinogenic in laboratory animals, generating tumors at sites comparable to those observed in smokers. These Group 1 human carcinogens are metabolized to reactive intermediates that alkylate DNA. This paper focuses on the DNA pyridyloxobutylation pathway which is common to both compounds. This DNA route generates 7-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]-2′-deoxyguanosine, O 2-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]-2′-deoxycytosine, O 2-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]-2′-deoxythymidine, and O 6-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]-2′-deoxyguanosine as well as unstable adducts which dealkylate to release 4-hydroxy-1-{3-pyridyl)-1-butanone or depyriminidate/depurinate to generate abasic sites. There are multiple repair pathways responsible for protecting against the genotoxic effects of these adducts, including adduct reversal as well as base and nucleotide excision repair pathways. Data indicate that several DNA adducts contribute to the overall mutagenic properties of pyridyloxobutylating agents. Which adducts contribute to the carcinogenic properties of this pathway are likely to depend on the biochemistry of the target tissue.
Constructing a Virtual Geography: Narratives of Space in a Text-Based Environment

This article explores the role a narrative of geography and space plays in the process of community in the Internet newsgroup, alt.cyberpunk and the role of computer-mediated communication (CMC) technology in fostering a sense of virtual geography. It discusses the “naturalness” of the conceptual geography of Internet hierarchies, how this leads to the virtual geography of cyberspace, and how a textual mode of communication has been modified to accommodate this new communication environment. This article investigates the cooperative narrative developed by regular contributors to alt.cyberpunk, compares virtual and geographically based communities, and speculates on the role of space and narratives of geography in the process of community. The article concludes that symbolic resources may play a greater role in the process of community than the physical spaces communities occupy.
LiquidHaskell

Haskell has many delightful features. Perhaps the one most beloved by its users is its type system that allows developers to specify and verify a variety of program properties at compile time. However, many properties, typically those that depend on relationships between program values are impossible, or at the very least, cumbersome to encode within the existing type system. Many such properties can be verified using a combination of Refinement Types and external SMT solvers. We describe the refinement type checker liquidHaskell, which we have used to specify and verify a variety of properties of over 10,000 lines of Haskell code from various popular libraries, including containers, hscolour, bytestring, text, vector-algorithms and xmonad. First, we present a high-level overview of liquidHaskell, through a tour of its features. Second, we present a qualitative discussion of the kinds of properties that can be checked -- ranging from generic application independent criteria like totality and termination, to application specific concerns like memory safety and data structure correctness invariants. Finally, we present a quantitative evaluation of the approach, with a view towards measuring the efficiency and programmer effort required for verification, and discuss the limitations of the approach.
A local search algorithm for 3SAT

We present a fairly simple and natural algorithm for (cid:0)SAT(cid:1) which can be viewed as a particular instantiation of the well known k (cid:2)opt heuristic(cid:3) We prove that for most formulas drawn from certain random and semi(cid:2)random distributions on satis(cid:4)able formulas(cid:1) the algorithm (cid:4)nds a satisfying assignment in polynomial time(cid:3)
The Missing Heritability in T1D and Potential New Targets for Prevention

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell-mediated disease. It is strongly associated with susceptibility haplotypes within the major histocompatibility complex, but this association accounts for an estimated 50% of susceptibility. Other studies have identified as many as 50 additional susceptibility loci, but the effect of most is very modest (odds ratio (OR) <1.5). What accounts for the “missing heritability” is unknown and is often attributed to environmental factors. Here we review new data on the cognate ligand of MHC molecules, the T cell receptor (TCR). In rats, we found that one allele of a TCR variable gene, Vβ13A, is strongly associated with T1D (OR >5) and that deletion of Vβ13+ T cells prevents diabetes. A role for the TCR is also suspected in NOD mice, but TCR regions have not been associated with human T1D. To investigate this disparity, we tested the hypothesis in silico that previous studies of human T1D genetics were underpowered to detect MHC-contingent TCR susceptibility. We show that stratifying by MHC markedly increases statistical power to detect potential TCR susceptibility alleles. We suggest that the TCR regions are viable candidates for T1D susceptibility genes, could account for “missing heritability,” and could be targets for prevention.
Hard periodic real-time task scheduling on mobile heterogeneous processor

High-performance heterogeneous processors are being implemented in mobile embedded real-time systems because of the increasing computational requirements. A heterogeneous processor consists of cores that are asymmetric in performance and functionality. Such a design provides a cost-effective solution for processor manufacturers to continuously improve both single-thread performance and multi-thread throughput. These complex processors have a major drawback when they are used for real-time purposes. Their complexity difficults the calculation of the worst case execution time (WCET). This design, however, faces significant challenges in the operating system (OS), which traditionally assumes only homogeneous hardware. The OS scheduler needs to be heterogeneity-aware, so it can match jobs to cores according to the characteristics of both. In this paper, we make a case that a scheduler for heterogeneous multicore (HMC) systems should target three objectives: optimal performance, minimum load and maximum satisfied deadline. We deal with this issue via optimal task-to-core assignment. The proposed scheduler enables performance improvements, reduction in load and satisfied deadline increase for range of applications. Different scheduling alternatives have been evaluated and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides, on average, improvement in our three objectives ranging from 5.34% to 8.75%.
Effect of monitor placement and of activity setting on the MTI accelerometer output.

PURPOSE To examine the effect of monitor placement (hip vs back) and of activity setting (treadmill vs track) on the output from the Manufacturing Technology Inc. (MTI), activity monitor (model WAM 7164). METHODS In a laboratory study, 28 subjects (14 men, 14 women) walked at a normal pace, walked at a fast pace, and jogged at a comfortable pace on an indoor track. These activities were repeated on a treadmill using the individual speeds from the track locomotion. Oxygen uptake was measured simultaneously using a portable metabolic system. One activity monitor was worn on the hip and one on the lower back. In a field study, 34 subjects (18 men, 16 women) each wore two monitors (hip and low back placement) for seven consecutive days. In the laboratory study, ANOVA showed significant effects of placement ( P = 0.009) and setting ( P < 0.001), indicating that activity counts differ between different body sites and different settings (track vs treadmill). Gross energy expenditure predictive equations were developed and thereafter evaluated in the field study. Time spent at moderate and vigorous intensity of physical activity was 38% and 85% ( P < 0.001) higher when calculated from the treadmill-based equations as compared to the track-based equations. Free-living physical activity estimates were not affected by the placement. CONCLUSION The relationship between activity counts and energy expenditure during laboratory locomotion is placement and setting-specific. When habitual physical activity is assessed in free-living subjects, the treadmill derived relationship between energy expenditure and activity counts may overestimate time spent at moderate intensity of physical activity, whereas the placement of the monitor does not influence on the interpretation of the data.
Part orientation with a force field: orienting multiple shapes using a single field

In automated assembly, before parts can be put together, they often have to be appropriately oriented and positioned. The device performing this task is generally referred to as a part feeder. A new class of devices for non-prehensible distributed manipulation, such as MEMS actuator arrays, vibrating plates, etc., provides an alternative to traditional mechanical platforms for part feeding. These devices can be abstracted as programmable vector fields. Manipulation plans for these devices can therefore be considered as strategies for applying a sequence of fields to bring parts to some desired configurations. Typically, to uniquely orient and position a part, several fields have to be sequentially employed. In previous work (2001), we have shown that this objective can be accomplished using a single field. The work characterizes such a field for a given part. In this paper, we discover another interesting property of the field. In particular, we show that for a finite set of parts (with different shapes), we can specify a single field that can uniquely orient and position every part in the set. A force field device implementing this field therefore may be used as a part feeder for every part in the set without any reconfiguration.
A formal model of learning L2 prosodic phonology

In this article I discuss the various components necessary for a formal model of the acquisition of the prosodic phonology of a second language. I outline a model that includes an explicit theory of the representation of metrical knowledge (Dresher and Kaye, 1990; Idsardi, 1992) and the necessary learn ing theory to account for how those representations can be acquired. The learning theory which mediates the interaction between Universal Grammar (UG) and the linguistic environment is composed of such elements as appro priate cues, indirect negative evidence and a principle of lexical dependency. Empirical investigations of the acquisition of English metrical parameters by native speakers of Polish, Hungarian and Spanish are reported. Group data as well as case studies are presented. The data suggest that, in the domain of prosodic phonology, both the representations (metrical structure) and processes (learning principles) evidenced in second language learners are the same as those proposed for native speakers. Interlanguage grammars can be seen as a combination of UG principles, correct L2 parameter set tings (from resetting) and incorrect L1 parameter settings (from L1 trans fer).
Lamin A/C Is a Risk Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer

Background A-type lamins are type V intermediate filament proteins encoded by the gene LMNA. Mutations in LMNA give rise to diverse degenerative diseases related to premature ageing. A-type lamins also influence the activity of the Retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and oncogenes such a β-catenin. Consequently, it has been speculated that expression of A-type lamins may also influence tumour progression. Methodology/Principal Findings An archive of colorectal cancer (CRC) and normal colon tissue was screened for expression of A-type lamins. We used the Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) method to investigate patient survival. Using CRC cell lines we investigated the effects of lamin A expression on other genes by RT-PCR; on cell growth by FACS analysis; and on invasiveness by cell migration assays and siRNA knockdown of targeted genes. We found that lamin A is expressed in colonic stem cells and that patients with A-type lamin-expressing tumours have significantly worse prognosis than patients with A-type lamin negative tumours (HR = 1.85, p = 0.005). To understand this finding, we established a model system based upon expression of GFP-lamin A in CRC cells. We found that expression of GFP-lamin A in these cells did not affect cell proliferation but did promote greatly increased cell motility and invasiveness. The reason for this increased invasiveness was that expression of lamin A promoted up-regulation of the actin bundling protein T-plastin, leading to down regulation of the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. Conclusions Expression of A-type lamins increases the risk of death from CRC because its presence gives rise to increased invasiveness and potentially a more stem cell-like phenotype. This report directly links A-type lamin expression to tumour progression and raises the profile of LMNA from one implicated in multiple but rare genetic conditions to a gene involved in one of the commonest diseases in the Western World.
Reliability Analysis of a Software With Non Homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP) Failure Intensity

This paper deals with the reliability prediction of a large and complex software system consisting of a number of modules in which each module has a different failure pattern. A Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP) arising from the superposition of power law processes (S-PLPs) is proposed for determining the failure intensity of the software system. A graphical method is illustrated for estimating the model parameters. Finally, the optimal testing time of the software subject to the reliability requirement is computed. Numerical illustrations are also provided to examine the suggested optimal policies.
Validation of a DNA methylation reference panel for the estimation of nucleated cells types in cord blood

ABSTRACT Cord blood is widely used as surrogate tissue in epigenome-wide association studies of prenatal conditions. Cell type composition variation across samples can be an important confounder of epigenome-wide association studies in blood that constitute a mixture of cells. We evaluated a newly developed cord blood reference panel to impute cell type composition from DNA methylation levels, including nucleated red blood cells (nRBCs). We estimated cell type composition from 154 unique cord blood samples with available DNA methylation data as well as direct measurements of nucleated cell types. We observed high correlations between the estimated and measured composition for nRBCs (r = 0.92, R2 = 0.85), lymphocytes (r = 0.77, R2 = 0.58), and granulocytes (r = 0.72, R2 = 0.52), and a moderate correlation for monocytes (r = 0.51, R2 = 0.25) as well as relatively low root mean square errors from the residuals ranging from 1.4 to 5.4%. These results validate the use of the cord blood reference panel and highlight its utility and limitations for epidemiological studies.
Developing Concepts of Sampling

A key element in developing ideas associated with statistical inference involves developing concepts of sampling. The objective of this research was to understand the characteristics of students' constructions of the concept of sample. Sixty-two students in Grades 3, 6, and 9 were interviewed using open-ended questions related to sampling; written responses to a questionnaire were also analyzed. Responses were characterized in relation to the content, structure, and objectives of statistical literacy. Six categories of construction were identified and described in relation to the sophistication of developing concepts of sampling. These categories illustrate helpful and unhelpful foundations for an appropriate understanding of representativeness and hence will help curriculum developers and teachers plan interventions. How do children develop the intuitions that form the foundation for sampling in statistics? Many educators appear to assume students understand the part-whole relationship of sample to sampled and the purpose of seeing what the whole is like. Is there a need to make more explicit the transition from out-of-school connotations of sampling, such as in supermarkets or medical contexts in which variation is not usually an issue, to representative sampling required for inference, sampling that must depict the underlying population without bias? This question reflects one of the educational issues underlying the research reported in this article. Another issue is associated with the goal of students' achieving, before they leave school, a level of statistical literacy that will allow them to contribute meaningfully to social decision making based on quantitative data. In the context of sampling, meeting this goal requires that students develop both an understanding of sampling methods and the motivation to be able to question claims based on biased sampling methods.
Physiological Responses and Partisan Bias: Beyond Self-Reported Measures of Party Identification

People are biased partisans: they tend to agree with policies from political parties they identify with, independent of policy content. Here, we investigate how physiological reactions to political parties shape bias. Using changes in galvanic skin conductance responses to the visual presentation of party logos, we obtained an implicit and physiological measure of the affective arousal associated with political parties. Subsequently, we exposed subjects to classical party cue experiments where the party sponsors of specific policies were experimentally varied. We found that partisan bias only obtains among those exhibiting a strong physiological reaction to the party source; being a self-reported party identifier is not sufficient on its own. This suggests that partisan bias is rooted in implicit, affective reactions.