Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simple shifts in the voltage dependence of sodium channel gating caused by divalent cations

The effect of elevated divalent cation concentration on the kinetics of sodium ionic and gating currents was studied in voltage-clamped frog skeletal muscle fibers. Raising the Ca concentration from 2 to 40 mM resulted in nearly identical 30-mV shifts in the time courses of activation, inactivation, tail current decay, and ON and OFF gating currents, and in the steady state levels of inactivation, charge immobilization, and charge vs. voltage. Adding 38 mM Mg to the 2 mM Ca bathing a fiber produced a smaller shift of approximately 20 mV in gating current kinetics and the charge vs. voltage relationship. The results with both Ca and Mg are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated concentrations of these alkali earth cations alter Na channel gating by changing the membrane surface potential. The different shifts produced by Ca and Mg are consistent with the hypothesis that the two ions bind to fixed membrane surface charges with different affinities, in addition to possible screening.
Improving the Classification of Software Behaviors using Ensembles of Control-Flow and Data-Flow Classifiers

One approach to the automatic classification of program behaviors is to view these behaviors as the collection of all the program’s executions. Many features of these executions, such as branch profiles, can be measured, and if these features accurately predict behavior, we can build automatic behavior classifiers from them using statistical machine-learning techniques. Two key problems in the development of useful classifiers are (1) the costs of collecting and modeling data and (2) the adaptation of classifiers to new or unknown behaviors. We address the first problem by concentrating on the properties and costs of individual features and the second problem by using the active-learning paradigm. In this paper, we present our technique for modeling a data-flow feature as a stochastic process exhibiting the Markov property. We introduce the novel concept of databins to summarize, as Markov models, the transitions of values for selected variables. We show by empirical studies that databin-based classifiers are effective. We also describe ensembles of classifiers and how they can leverage their components to improve classification rates. We show by empirical studies that ensembles of control-flow and data-flow based classifiers can be more effective than either component classifier.
Contextualization, conceptualization, and communication: The development of contextualization at Fuller’s Graduate School of World Mission/Intercultural Studies

Beginning with Tippett’s emphasis on the “phenomenology of Folk Religion” in the mid-1960s, contextualization, though not so-called at the time, was central to appreciating the need to ground the gospel message in the local context. Kraft applied Nida’s development of “dynamic equivalence” translation principles to cultural contexts. Many faculty members contributed to the short-lived journal Contextualization which extended the concepts of indigenization and inculturation into a missiologically viable framework. Each member of the SWM faculty contributed to Gilliland’s volume from their respective subdiscipline. Hiebert advocated a critique of cultural practice in light of scriptural insight. The impact of the cognitive revolution eventually had an effect on dealing with strengths as well as abuses of the concept beyond its original intent. This article, then, will consider the historical, conceptual, theoretical, and missiological development of contextualization as an idea that epitomizes the 50-year existence of the SWM/SIS, as well as anticipates the next 50 years.
A spectrum of support: current and best practices for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at community colleges

ABSTRACT More than 50% of all college students with a disability enroll in public 2-year institutions. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a type of disability that affects a growing number of students in postsecondary education. Currently, over 70% of 2-year public institutions enroll students with ASD. In spite of increased awareness, the vast majority of existing ASD research focused on primary and secondary education. Research on practices that support students with disabilities in the community college environment is imperative for promoting student success. The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to explore current and best practices that support students with ASD at 2-year public, postsecondary institutions. A web-based tool was used to survey a nationally representative sample of disability service professionals from 367 2-year, public institutions (35.4% response rate). Our results show reasonable accommodations with an academic focus (e.g., extended exam time) were provided more frequently than sensory accommodations. General support services that focused on the transition to college were offered by 42% of the institutions surveyed, and 26% of institutions supplied ASD-specific services. These results indicated that many institutions provide students with a baseline level of academic accommodations; however, accommodations and support services that specifically target the functional limitations of ASD are offered less frequently. Best practices for supporting students with ASD were synthesized and implications for practice were discussed.
ESPRIT-A subspace rotation approach to estimation of parameters of cisoids in noise

The application of a subspace invariance approach (ESPRIT) to the estimation of parameters (frequencies and powers) of cisoids in noise is described. ESPRIT exploits an underlying rotational invariance of signal subspaces spanned by two temporally displaced data sets. The new approach has several advantages including improved resolution over Pisarenko's technique for harmonic retrieval.
Gold Nanobeacons for Tracking Gene Silencing in Zebrafish

The use of gold nanoparticles for effective gene silencing has demonstrated its potential as a tool for gene expression experiments and for the treatment of several diseases. Here, we used a gold nanobeacon designed to specifically silence the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) mRNA in embryos of a fli-EGFP transgenic zebrafish line, while simultaneously allowing the tracking and localization of the silencing events via the beacon’s emission. Fluorescence imaging measurements demonstrated a decrease of the EGFP emission with a concomitant increase in the fluorescence of the Au-nanobeacon. Furthermore, microinjection of the Au-nanobeacon led to a negligible difference in mortality and malformations in comparison to the free oligonucleotide, indicating that this system is a biocompatible platform for the administration of gene silencing moieties. Together, these data illustrate the potential of Au-nanobeacons as tools for in vivo zebrafish gene modulation with low toxicity which may be used towards any gene of interest.
Toward Computer-Aided Affective Learning Systems: A Literature Review

The aim of this survey is to provide an overview of the various components of “computer aided affective learning systems. ” The research is classified into 3 main scientific areas that are integral parts of the development of these kinds of systems. The three main scientific areas are: I) emotions and their connection to learning; ii) affect recognition; and iii) emotional instruction and design. Affective learning instructional technology is a new, multi-disciplinary research area, which has been developed during the last decade. This article depicts the development of the core relevant areas and describes the concerns.
Standardisation of lung function testing: helpful guidance from the ATS/ERS Task Force

A critical overview of the new ATS/ERS guidelines The American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society have jointly issued a new revision of their guidelines for the performance of spirometry, lung volumes, and carbon monoxide transfer factor. These have been published as a series of documents in the European Respiratory Journal . 1–5 They contain much wisdom, some compromises, and a few new recommendations. Blood gases, sleep, exercise, and challenge testing have not yet been readdressed. This brief review highlights a few of the more important recommendations dealing with the performance and interpretation of the several tests. This first chapter is essential reading for laboratory staff and sets standards for hygiene, calibration, quality control, and housekeeping. Observance of these standards will reassure research workers as well as clinicians. Peak flow is the topic of current research and the task force plans to introduce more stringent standards for home recording. It may be derived from the flow-volume plot or from a separate blow, ideally using a flow measuring device. The guideline emphasises the importance of rehearsal and the need to blow immediately after a full inspiration. Relaxed expired and inspired vital capacity (EVC and IVC) have been rehabilitated, in spite of the fact that the various COPD guidelines—such as GOLD and others—chose to dispense with them for simplicity. When performing spirometry, the suggested method for EVC is to take the best of three measurements made before the forced expiratory tests, instructing the patient to speed the expiration only at the beginning and end of the blow. There is still no validated standard patter for this test; one suggestion might be “take a full breath in; breathe out gently but firmly”, going on to further encouragement after 2–3 seconds until flow is less than 0.25 l/s. For forced vital capacity …
The social affordances of computer-supported collaborative learning environments

Field observations report that contemporary computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environments do not completely fulfill the expectations of both educators and learners regarding their potential for supporting interactive learning and collaborative knowledge construction. This raises questions amongst educators whether CSCL environments do indeed provide genuine opportunities for learning processes that rely on social interaction. The authors believe that one of the factors that may explain this is the generally accepted assumption that social interaction can be taken for granted. Social interaction in CSCL environments can no more be taken for granted than it can in face-to-face settings. A theoretical framework is presented proposing the support of social interaction by embedding certain properties in the CSCL environment that act as social contextual facilitators relevant for the learner's social interaction. They refer to these properties as social affordances. A group awareness widget (GAW) is a software tool providing the learner with group awareness on the others in different contexts while at the same time enabling the learner to communicate with them. The authors hypothesize that GAWs provoke social affordances and formulate guidelines for designing GAWs.
Scanning the human genome at kilobase resolution data

data Supplementary http://genome.cshlp. org/cgi/content/full/gr.068304. 107/DC1 "Supplemental Research Data" References http://genome.cshlp. org/cgi/content/full/18/5/751#References This article cites 40 articles, 14 of which can be accessed free at: service Email alerting click here top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the
Neuropsychological Correlates of MRI Measures in the Continuum of Cognitive Decline at Old Age

Objective: To investigate the independent associations between medial temporal lobe atrophy and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cognitive functions in the elderly. Methods: Cognitive functions of 41 Alzheimer’s disease patients, 20 patients with mild cognitive impairment and 28 elderly subjects without memory complaints were assessed using a neuropsychological test battery. Quantitative MRI measures of medial temporal lobe volume and WMH were obtained. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the independent contribution of MRI measures to impairment in several cognitive functions. Results: Scores on the Wechsler Memory Scale and Trails B depended selectively on medial temporal lobe volume, whereas WMH selectively contributed to performance on Trails A. Medial temporal lobe volume and WMH both contributed to scores on the Cambridge Cognitive Examination and the Boston naming task. Conclusions: MRI measures suggestive of Alzheimer-type pathology and microvascular pathology independently contribute to cognitive decline at old age. Memory impairment as measured using the Wechsler Memory Scale and performance on Trails B primarily depended on medial temporal lobe atrophy. Psychomotor slowness, as measured using Trails A, mainly depended on WMH. These results suggest that vascular pathology and Alzheimer-type pathology each have specific cognitive correlates.
Comparison of single versus ensemble of Support Vector Machine classifiers using evolutionary information with Polynomial Kernel

For N-, O-, and C-linked glycosylation, we trained ensembles of Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers using evolutionary information to predict whether or not a site in a protein sequence is a glycosylation site. An ensemble of SVMs is simply a collection of SVM classifiers, each trained on a balanced subsample of the training data. The prediction of the ensemble is computed from the predictions of the individual SVM classifiers (see Methods section in the manuscript for further details).
Modified two-fluid model for superconductor surface impedance calculation

The traditional two-fluid model of superconducting conductivity was modified to reflect the BCS coherence effects in the conductivity of a superconductor, which are incorporated through an effective ratio of normal-to-superconducting electrons. The ratio is a simple analytical expression which depends on frequency, temperature, and material parameters. This modified two-fluid model allows accurate and rapid calculation of the microwave surface impedance of a superconductor in the clean and dirty limits and in the weak- and strong-coupled regimes. The model compares well with surface resistance data for Nb. Numerical calculations of surface impedance with the modified two-fluid model are one to five orders of magnitude faster than equivalent BCS calculations. <<ETX>>
Analysis of a patchwork-based audio watermarking scheme

Recently, a patchwork-based audio watermarking scheme has been proposed in [1], which embeds watermarks by modifying the means of absolute-valued discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients corresponding to suitable fragments. This audio watermarking scheme is more robust to common attacks than the existing counterparts. In this paper, we presents a detailed analysis of this audio watermarking scheme. We first derive a probability density function (pdf) of a random variable corresponding to the mean of an absolute-valued DCT fragment. Then, based on the obtained pdf, we show how watermarking parameters affect the performance of the concerned audio watermarking scheme. The analysis result provides a guideline for the selection of watermarking parameters. The effectiveness of our analysis is verified by simulations using a large number of real-world audio segments.
Effect of fat loss on arterial elasticity in obese adolescents with clinical insulin resistance: RESIST study.

CONTEXT Reduced arterial elasticity contributes to an obesity-related increase in cardiovascular risk in adults. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of fat loss on arterial elasticity in obese adolescents at risk of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN A secondary data analysis of the RESIST study was performed in two hospitals in Sydney, Australia. PARTICIPANTS The study included 56 subjects (ages, 10 to 17 y; 25 males) with prediabetes and/or clinical features of insulin resistance. INTERVENTION A 12-month lifestyle plus metformin intervention. OUTCOMES Arterial elasticity and systemic vascular resistance were measured using radial tonometry pulse contour analysis, percentage body fat (%BF) was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and insulin sensitivity index was derived from an oral glucose tolerance test and lipids. RESULTS Adolescents (n = 31) with decreased %BF (mean change [range], -4.4% [-18.3 to -0.01%]) after the intervention had significant increases in the mean large arterial elasticity index (mean change [95%CI], 5.1 [1.9 to 8.2] mL/mm Hg * 10; P = .003) and insulin sensitivity index (0.5 [0.1 to 0.9]; P = .010) and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (-82 [-129 to -35] dyne * s * cm(-5); P = . 001). There were no significant changes in these parameters in adolescents who increased their %BF. Nor was there any significant change in the mean small arterial elasticity index in either group. CONCLUSION Long-term follow-up of these adolescents is warranted to assess whether the observed changes in vascular elasticity will lead to a clinical benefit including reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Human Platelets Secrete the Plasma Type of Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase Primarily Associated With Microparticles

Objective—Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) expresses a Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 activity and hydrolyzes platelet-activating factor as well as oxidized phospholipids. Two major types of PAF-AH have been described: the plasma type, which is associated with lipoproteins, and the intracellular type II PAF-AH. Methods and Results—We investigated the type(s) of PAF-AH expressed in human platelets as well as the mechanism and the enzyme type secreted from platelets during activation. The majority of the enzyme activity (75.1±14.3% of total) is found in the cytosol, whereas 24.9±7.3% is associated with the membranes. Immunofluorescence microscopy studies and Western blotting analysis showed that platelets contain the plasma type as well as the intracellular type II PAF-AH. Furthermore, platelets contain high levels of the mRNA of plasma PAF-AH, whereas only a small quantity of the type II PAF-AH mRNA was detected. On activation, platelets secrete the plasma type of PAF-AH mainly associated with platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs). The enzyme activity was also detected on circulating PMPs in plasma from normolipidemic healthy subjects. Conclusion—This is the first indication that in addition to lipoproteins, PAF-AH in human plasma is carried by PMPs, suggesting that the PMP-associated PAF-AH may play a role in the dissemination of biological activities mediated by these particles.
Itsesäätelyvalmiudet musiikin opiskelussa

7 SISÄLTÖ . 9 1. JOHDANTO.13 2. NÄKÖKULMIA MUSIIKKIKASVATUKSESTA JA SEN TOTEUTUMISESTA SUOMESSA.18 2.1. Käsityksiä musiikista ja musiikkikasvatuksesta . 18 2.1. 1. Esteettinen lähestymistapa musiikkikasvatuksessa . 20 2.1. 2. Praksiaalinen lähestymistapa musiikkikasvatuksessa . 23 2.2. Synnynnäinen lahja vai hankittu taito.27 2.3. Musiikkialan ammatillinen koulutus suomalaisessa koulutusjärjestelmässä . 32 2.3. 1. Musiikkialan ammatillinen koulutus . 34 2.3. 2. Musiikkialan korkeakoulutus . 35 3. MOTIVAATIO, METATAIDOT JA OPPIMINEN . 37
Fusion Promotion by a Paramyxovirus Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Protein: pH Modulation of Receptor Avidity of Binding Sites I and II

ABSTRACT Paramyxoviruses, including the childhood respiratory pathogen human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), possess an envelope protein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) that has receptor-cleaving (neuraminidase), as well as receptor-binding, activity. HN is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein, present on the surface of the virus as a tetramer composed of two dimers. HN is also essential for activating the fusion protein (F) to mediate merger of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane. This initial step of viral entry occurs at the host cell surface at neutral pH. The HN molecule carries out these three different critical activities at specific points in the process of viral entry, and understanding the regulation of these activities is key for the design of strategies that block infection. One bifunctional site (site I) on the HN of HPIV3 possesses both receptor binding and neuraminidase activities, and we recently obtained experimental evidence for a second receptor binding site (site II) on HPIV3 HN. Mutation of HN at specific residues at this site, which is next to the HN dimer interface, confers enhanced fusion properties, without affecting neuraminidase activity or receptor binding at neutral pH. We now demonstrate that mutations at this site II, as well as at site I, confer pH dependence on HN′s receptor avidity. These mutations permit pH to modulate the binding and fusion processes of the virus, potentially providing regulation at specific stages of the viral life cycle.
Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein 4 Induces Apoptosis by Inhibition of Survivin Expression*

The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) plays an essential role in multiple pathways of apoptosis. Our previous study showed that PML enhances tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the NFκB survival pathway. To continue exploring the mechanism of PML-induced apoptosis, we performed a DNA microarray screening of PML target genes using a PML-inducible stable cell line. We found that Survivin was one of the downstream target genes of PML. Cotransfection experiments demonstrated that PML4 repressed transactivation of the Survivin promoter in an isoform-specific manner. Western blot analysis demonstrated that induced PML expression down-regulated Survivin. Inversely, PML knockdown by siRNA up-regulated Survivin expression. A substantial increase in Survivin expression was found in PML-deficient cells. Re-expression of PML in PML–/– mouse embryo fibroblasts down-regulated the expression of Survivin. Furthermore, cells arrested at the G2/M cell cycle phase expressed a high level of Survivin and a significantly lower level of PML. Overexpression of PML in A549 cells reduced Survivin expression leading to massive apoptotic cell death associated with activation of procaspase 9, caspase 3, and caspase 7. Together, our results demonstrate a novel mechanism of PML-induced apoptosis by down-regulation of Survivin.
Monolayer Behavior of NBD-Labeled Phospholipids at the Air/Water Interface

Monolayer behavior of the dye 7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl (NBD)-labeled analogues of phospholipids 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were studied by a variety of methods. Attachment of the NBD chromophore onto either the phospholipid headgroup or the aliphatic chain significantly changes the parent phospholipid monolayer properties. In contrast to that of the condensed-type DPPE monolayer, the isotherm of the DPPE-NBD derivative with NBD in the headgroup exhibits a liquid-expanded/liquid-condensed phase transition plateau while the isotherm of the acyl-chain-labeled NBD(C12)-PC shows liquid-expanded behavior lacking the plateau observed in the isotherm of DPPC. Surface potential and spectroscopic data revealed that the NBD group on both DPPE-NBD and NBD(C12)-PC embeds into the phospholipid headgroup region of the monolayer, thus suggesting a looping of the NBD-labeled chain of NBD(C12)-PC toward water. Polarized fl.
CADM 1 ExpressionandStepwiseDownregulationofCD 7 Are CloselyAssociatedwithClonal ExpansionofHTLV-I – Infected Cells in Adult T-cell Leukemia / Lymphoma

Purpose:Cell adhesionmolecule 1 (CADM1), initially identified as a tumor suppressor gene, has recently been reported to be ectopically expressed in primary adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma (ATL) cells. We incorporated CADM1 into flow-cytometric analysis to reveal oncogenic mechanisms in human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection by purifying cells from the intermediate stages of ATL