Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing Complexity: Exploring Decision Making on Medication by Young Adults with ADHD

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) causes difficulties with hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. Treatment of ADHD includes both medication and non-pharmacological options. Knowledge of treatment preferences by young adults with ADHD is sparse. The objective of this study was to explore the beliefs and experiences of young adults with ADHD related to their medication treatment decisions. Data were collected in Denmark in 2016 through a focus group and individual in-depth interviews. Conventional content analysis was used. Ten young adults with ADHD (22-to 29-year-old) participated. Three major themes were identified: (1) the patient’s right to choose concerning ADHD medicine; (2) the patient’s decision of whether or not to treat ADHD with medication; and (3) factors affecting the patient’s decision on whether to take ADHD medication or not. The latter theme contained 15 factors, which were distributed across three levels: individual, between-individuals, and societal. The dominant factors were increasing quality of life and improving oneself e.g., improving social skills. For counselling at the pharmacy and by prescribers, it is important to be aware of the different factors that affect young adult patients’ decisions on whether to take ADHD medication or not. This knowledge will aid to understand reasons for non-adherence and to determine appropriate treatment for the individual patient.
Nearly Optimal Separation Between Partially And Fully Retroactive Data Structures

Since the introduction of retroactive data structures at SODA 2004, a major unsolved problem has been to bound the gap between the best partially retroactive data structure (where changes can be made to the past, but only the present can be queried) and the best fully retroactive data structure (where the past can also be queried) for any problem. It was proved in 2004 that any partially retroactive data structure with operation time $T(n,m)$ can be transformed into a fully retroactive data structure with operation time $O(\sqrt{m} \cdot T(n,m))$, where $n$ is the size of the data structure and $m$ is the number of operations in the timeline [Demaine 2004], but it has been open for 14 years whether such a gap is necessary. In this paper, we prove nearly matching upper and lower bounds on this gap for all $n$ and $m$. We improve the upper bound for $n \ll \sqrt m$ by showing a new transformation with multiplicative overhead $n \log m$. We then prove a lower bound of $\min\{n \log m, \sqrt m\}^{1-o(1)}$ assuming any of the following conjectures: - Conjecture I: Circuit SAT requires $2^{n - o(n)}$ time on $n$-input circuits of size $2^{o(n)}$. (Far weaker than the well-believed SETH conjecture, which asserts that CNF SAT with $n$ variables and $O(n)$ clauses already requires $2^{n-o(n)}$ time. ) - Conjecture II: Online $(\min,+)$ product between an integer $n\times n$ matrix and $n$ vectors requires $n^{3 - o(1)}$ time. - Conjecture III (3-SUM Conjecture): Given three sets $A,B,C$ of integers, each of size $n$, deciding whether there exist $a \in A, b \in B, c \in C$ such that $a + b + c = 0$ requires $n^{2 - o(1)}$ time. Our lower bound construction illustrates an interesting power of fully retroactive queries: they can be used to quickly solve batched pair evaluation. We believe this technique can prove useful for other data structure lower bounds, especially dynamic ones.
Olanzapine-induced renal damage and metabolic side effects: the protective effect of thymoquinone

Aim: The goal of the study is to examine the protective qualities of thymoquinone (TQ) against the side-effects of olanzapine (OLZ) in an experimental model in rat kidneys. Material and Methods: Thirty five female Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (n=7): Control, OLZ, OLZ+TQ-1, OLZ+TQ-2, OLZ+TQ-3. All treatments were administered for two weeks by gavage. Two weeks administration of OLZ (4 mg/kg, once a day for the first week, 8 mg/kg once a day for the second week, p.o.) was given to all groups, except control. TQ was administered (25, 50, 100 mg/kg, once daily) by gastric tube. On treatment day 15, kidney tissues were removed for analysis. Results: TQ increased the total antioxidant status (TAS) and decreased creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), oxidative stress index (OSI) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results revealed that TQ improved the side-effects of OLZ, contributed to the oxygen radical scavenging activity, increased antioxidant activity and had ameliorative effects on recovery of increased serum biochemical and oxidative stress parameters. Thus, these results demonstrated that TQ had protective and antioxidant effects against adverse effects of OLZ in kidney of rats. TQ could be an effective course of therapy to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Comparison of the Physicochemical Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Obtained by Magnetron Sputtering with Continuous and Pulsed Gas Flow

In this paper, a comparison of TiO2 thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering with a continuous and pulsed gas flow was presented. Structural, surface, optical, and mechanical properties of deposited titanium dioxide coatings were analyzed with the use of a wide range of measurement techniques. It was found that thin films deposited with a gas impulse had a nanocrystalline rutile structure instead of fibrous-like anatase obtained with a continuous gas flow. TiO2 thin films deposited with both techniques were transparent in the visible wavelength range, however, a much higher refractive index and packing density were observed for coatings deposited by the pulsed gas technique. The application of a gas impulse improved the hardness and scratch resistance of the prepared TiO2 thin films.
Ships & Roses: A Revelatory Case Study of Affordances in International Trade

International trade involves crossing several organizational boundaries. This revelatory case study follows fresh cut roses’ journey from the growers in Kenya to the retail distribution in Holland and shows relatively high barriers related to the associated activities, information and documents, etc. Our empirical findings reveal the serious limitation that existing inter-organizational system (IOS) only facilitates actor-to-actor information forwarding in a communication chain of peer-to-peer communication along the supply chain and has no provision for persistent and simultaneous exchange of information between multiple actors. To address this limitation, we conducted a comparative analysis of affordances of the existing vs. future inter-organizational information systems with a focus on sharing critical information. Our extended analysis shows that modern IT features supporting affordances could be useful for the actors’ collaboration in the trade lane of the roses. We discuss some of the benefits of our proposed approach (e.g. lower transaction cost and real time information) but also raise some concerns (e.g. about trust and governance) which calls for further research.
Transcriptional Profiling of Ligand Expression in Cell Specific Populations of the Adult Mouse Forebrain That Regulates Neurogenesis

In the adult central nervous system (CNS), the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the forebrain is the largest and most active source of neural stem cells (NSCs) that generates mainly neurons and few glial cells lifelong. A large body of evidence has shed light on the distinct families of signaling ligands (i.e., morphogens, growth factors, secreted molecules that alter signaling pathways) in regulating NSC biology. However, most of the research has focused on the mRNA expression of individual or few signaling ligands and their pathway components in specific cell types of the CNS in the context of neurogenesis. A single unifying study that underlines the expression of such molecules comprehensively in different cell types in spatial contexts has not yet been reported. By using whole genome transcriptome datasets of individual purified cell specific populations of the adult CNS, the SVZ niche, NSCs, glial cells, choroid plexus, and performing a bioinformatic meta-analysis of signaling ligands, their expression in the forebrain was uncovered. Therein, we report that a large plethora of ligands are abundantly expressed in the SVZ niche, largely from the vasculature than from other sources that may regulate neurogenesis. Intriguingly, this sort of analysis revealed a number of ligands with unknown functions in neurogenesis contexts that warrants further investigations. This study therefore serves as a framework for investigators in the field for understanding the expression patterns of signaling ligands and pathways regulating neurogenesis.
Assessing citizen perceptions of body-worn cameras after encounters with police

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess perceptions of body-worn cameras (BWCs) among citizens who had BWC-recorded police encounters, and to explore the potential for a civilizing effect on citizen behavior. Design/methodology/approach From June to November 2015, the authors conducted telephone interviews with 249 citizens in Spokane (WA) who had a recent BWC-recorded police encounter. Findings Respondents were satisfied with how they were treated during the police encounter and, overall, had positive attitudes about BWCs. However, only 28 percent of respondents were actually aware of the BWC during their own encounter. The authors also found little evidence of a civilizing effect but did document a significant, positive connection between awareness of the BWC and enhanced perceptions of procedural justice. Research limitations/implications Authors only interviewed citizens who had encounters with officers wearing BWCs. However, variation in BWC awareness among citizens allowed the authors to construct a proxy “non-BWC condition” for comparison. Practical implications The pre-conditions necessary to produce a civilizing effect among citizens are complex and difficult to achieve. The intriguing relationship between BWC awareness and procedural justice suggests the technology may have the potential to improve police legitimacy. Originality/value The study is among the first to explore attitudes about BWCs among those who have their police encounters recorded, and results demonstrate high levels of support among this population. Findings bode well for continued adoption of BWCs in policing.
Comparison of Marine Spatial Planning Methods in Madagascar Demonstrates Value of Alternative Approaches

The Government of Madagascar plans to increase marine protected area coverage by over one million hectares. To assist this process, we compare four methods for marine spatial planning of Madagascar's west coast. Input data for each method was drawn from the same variables: fishing pressure, exposure to climate change, and biodiversity (habitats, species distributions, biological richness, and biodiversity value). The first method compares visual color classifications of primary variables, the second uses binary combinations of these variables to produce a categorical classification of management actions, the third is a target-based optimization using Marxan, and the fourth is conservation ranking with Zonation. We present results from each method, and compare the latter three approaches for spatial coverage, biodiversity representation, fishing cost and persistence probability. All results included large areas in the north, central, and southern parts of western Madagascar. Achieving 30% representation targets with Marxan required twice the fish catch loss than the categorical method. The categorical classification and Zonation do not consider targets for conservation features. However, when we reduced Marxan targets to 16.3%, matching the representation level of the “strict protection” class of the categorical result, the methods show similar catch losses. The management category portfolio has complete coverage, and presents several management recommendations including strict protection. Zonation produces rapid conservation rankings across large, diverse datasets. Marxan is useful for identifying strict protected areas that meet representation targets, and minimize exposure probabilities for conservation features at low economic cost. We show that methods based on Zonation and a simple combination of variables can produce results comparable to Marxan for species representation and catch losses, demonstrating the value of comparing alternative approaches during initial stages of the planning process. Choosing an appropriate approach ultimately depends on scientific and political factors including representation targets, likelihood of adoption, and persistence goals.
An Efficient Evolutionary Algorithm for the Aggregated Weighting Areas Problem

The present work describes an evolutionary algorithm for the Aggregated Weighting Areas (AWAs) problem. This problem consists in to form K partitions composed by Weighting Areas (WAs) of the demographic census satisfying contiguity, minimum total population and homogeneity criteria. The computational results show that the proposed hybrid evolutionary algorithm is a suitable alternative to solve the analyzed problem.
Symphony : Creative Participation for Audiences of Live Music

Most contemporary Western performing arts practices restrict creative interactions from audiences. Open Symphony is designed to explore audience-performer interaction in live music performance assisted by digital technology. Audiences can conduct improvising performers by voting for various musical ‘modes’. Technological components include a web-based mobile application, a visual client displaying generated symbolic scores, and a server service for the exchange of creative data. The interaction model, app and visualisation were designed through an iterative participatory design process. The visualisation communicates audience directions to performers upon which to improvise music, and enables the audience to get feedback on their voting. The system was experienced by about 120 audience and performer participants (35 completed surveys) in controlled (lab) and “real world” settings. Feedback on usability and user experience was overall positive and live interactions demonstrate significant levels of audience creative engagement. We identified further design challenges around audience sense of control, learnability and compositional structure.
The downregulation of ΔNp63 in p53-deficient mouse epidermal tumors favors metastatic behavior

The TP63 gene codes for two major isoform types, TAp63 and ΔNp63, with probable opposite roles in tumorigenesis. The ΔNp63α protein is frequently amplified and overexpressed in different epithelial tumors. Accordingly, it has been considered a potential oncogene. Nonetheless, a possible metastatic suppressor activity has also been suggested based on the experimental observation that its expression is reduced or even absent in advanced invasive tumors. Such metastatic suppressor activities are often related to tumors bearing point mutated TP53 gene. However, its potential roles in TP53-deficient tumors are poorly characterized. Here we show that in spontaneous tumors, induced by the epidermal-specific Trp53 ablation, the reduction of ΔNp63 expression is an early event, whereas it is re-expressed in the lung metastatic lesions. Using knock down and ectopic expression approaches, we show that ΔNp63 expression opposes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and reduces the metastatic potential of the cells. This process occurs through the modulation of ΔNp63-dependent downstream targets (including transcription factors and microRNAs) likely to play metastatic roles. Further, ΔNp63 also favors the expression of factors involved in iPS reprogramming, thus suggesting that it can also modulate specific stem cell traits in mouse epidermal tumor cells. Overall, our data assign antimetastatic roles to ΔNp63 in the context of p53 deficiency and epidermis.
Comparison of Diagnostic Performance of Preoperative PET-CT for Patients with and without Neoadjuvant Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Does Induction Therapy Affect the Preoperative PET-CT Results?

PET-CT has been widely used for restaging after induction therapy in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma. We aimed to as- sess the role of preoperative PET-CT in patients receiving induction therapy and compare with those without induction therapy. Pa- tients treated with surgery for non-small cell lung carcinoma were included. There were two subgroups according to the presence of preoperative induction therapy. The results of preoperative PET-CT in these two groups were compared. There were 217 pati- ents, 58 in neoadjuvant group and 159 in control (without preoperative induction therapy) group. In N2 lymph nodes, the positive predictive value (PPV) was significantly higher in the neoadjuvant group than in the control group (p=0.01), where the negative pre- dictive value (NPV) (p=0.0001) and accuracy (p=0.03) were significantly lower. In aorticopulmonary lymph nodes, the NPV was sig- nificantly higher in the control group (p=0.002). In lower N2 lymph nodes, the PPV was higher (p=0.007) and the NPV was lower (p=0.003) in the neoadjuvant group. In N1 lymph nodes, the specificity was found to be lower in the neoadjuvant group (p=0.01). The sensitivity, PPV and accuracy for mass was lower in the neoadjuvant group (p=0.002, p=0.0003, and p=0.001, respectively). The negative predictive value and accuracy of PET-CT were slightly decreased in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma rece- ived induction therapy before surgical resection. PET-CT appears to be beneficial for the assessment of patients those are planned to be treated surgically for lung cancer whether they have received induction therapy or not.
Linear and nonlinear optics of metallic nanoparticles film

In this work, the nonlinear optical response of assembled metallic nanoparticles at interfaces was studied using Second Harmonic Generation. First, the nanoparticles were characterised using incoherent second harmonic generation, a technique also called Hyper Rayleigh Scattering. Thioalkane-capped silver and gold nanoparticles, both nanospheres and nanorods, were investigated and the role of this capping layer on the quadratic hyperpolarisability of these particles was underlined. The particles were then deposited at the air/liquid interface in a Langmuir trough to investigate the role of the interparticles interactions in large assemblies. Both the linear and the nonlinear optical response of these metallic films formed at the surface of the trough provided evidence of a strong coupling between adjacent particles upon compression leading to a phase transition of the film once the interparticle distance is less than a critical value. These studies were complemented with experiments performed at the liquid/liquid interface and at the glassy carbon/electrolyte interface to examine in greater details the role of roughness at the nanoscale on the enhancement of the SHG response
Preparation of Hollow Silica Spheres by Soft Template Method

Hollow silica spheres (HSS) are prepared via soft template method. The morphology, internal structure, phase composition, particle size distribution and porosity of HSSs are characterized. It is found that the amorphous HSSs with thin shell thickness and density of around 0.41 g/cm3 have good sphericity and are relatively uniform in size. Most importantly, the size of the synthesized spheres is controlled successfully via stirring rate, and the linear fitting equation is described as d50 = -0.45 × R + 206. This research provides a facile way to produce HSS with low density which has promising application in many fields.
PHYSIOLOGICAL DEMANDS OF AMERICAN FOOTBALL

KEY POINTS • Strength, power and speed can differentiate starters from nonstarters, and between various levels of competition. • During a football game, the rate of force development appears to be maintained, but peak force and power may decrease. With appropriate recovery and strategic substitution patterns, peak force and power may be maintained during a game. • Some increases in muscle damage markers are seen immediately post-game, but with minimal disruption of the adrenal-testicular axis. • Markers of muscle damage are elevated during the preseason training camp, but return to baseline concentrations by the beginning of the season and remain at baseline levels until the season’s conclusion. This represents a degree of muscle desensitization to contact and has been termed “contact adaptation. ” • Contact adaptation may provide a mechanism for a player to withstand the physical punishment associated with the game of football. • The rate of performance improvements declines over the course of a college football career. Strength improvements appear more rapidly, but speed and agility improvements may take longer to be realized.
Associations of pre‐existing co‐morbidities with skeletal muscle mass and radiodensity in patients with non‐metastatic colorectal cancer

Co‐morbidities and computerized tomography‐measured muscle abnormalities are both common in cancer patients and independently adversely influence clinical outcomes. Muscle abnormalities are also evident in other diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. This study examined for the first time the association between co‐morbidities and muscle abnormalities in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC).
' s personal copy BaBa-xy 16 : Robust and broadband homonuclear DQ recoupling for applications in rigid and soft solids up to the highest MAS frequencies q

We here present a substantially improved version of the popular Back-to-Back (BaBa) homonuclear double-quantum (DQ) MAS recoupling pulse sequence. By combining the original pulse sequence with a virtual p pulse train with xy-16 phase cycling along with time-reversed DQ reconversion, a truly broadband and exceptionally robust pulse sequence is obtained. The sequence has moderate radio-frequency power requirements, amounting to only one 360 nutation per rotor cycle, it is robust with respect to rf power and tune-up errors, and its broadband performance increases with increasing spinning frequency, here tested up to 63 kHz. The experiment can be applied to many spin-1/2 nuclei in rigid solids with substantial frequency offsets and CSAs, which is demonstrated on the example of P NMR of a magnesium ultraphosphate, comparing experimental data with multi-spin simulations, and we also show simulations addressing the performance in C NMR of bio(macro)molecules. H-based studies of polymer dynamics are highlighted for the example of a rigid solid with strongly anisotropic mobility, represented by a polymer inclusion compound, and for the example of soft materials with weak residual dipole–dipole couplings, represented by homogeneous and inhomogeneous elastomers. We advocate the use of normalized (relaxation-corrected) DQ build-up curves for a quantitative assessment of weak average dipole–dipole couplings and even distributions thereof. 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.