Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complete unfolding of the titin molecule under external force.

Titin (also known as connectin) is a giant filamentous protein that spans the distance between the Z- and M-lines of the vertebrate muscle sarcomere. Several earlier studies have implicated titin as playing a fundamental role in maintaining sarcomeric structural integrity and generating the passive force of muscle. The elastic properties of titin were characterized in recent single-molecule mechanical works that described the molecule as an entropic spring in which partial unfolding may take place at high forces during stretch and refolding at low forces during release. In the present work titin molecules were stretched using a laser tweezer with forces above 400 pN. The high external forces resulted in complete mechanical unfolding of the molecule, characterized by the disappearance of force hysteresis at high forces. Titin refolded following complete denaturation, as the hysteresis at low forces reappeared in subsequent stretch-release cycles. The broad force range throughout which unfolding occurred indicates that the various globular domains in titin require different unfolding forces due to differences in the activation energies for their unfolding.
A reliability study of fractal analysis of the skeletonised vascular network using the "box-counting" technique

Binary vascular networks of the human retina were obtained by computerized processing of digital fundus images. Fractal analysis was performed on skeletonised versions. The effect of three parameters in the vascular segmentation and skeletonization algorithm was quantified, with threshold level found to have the greatest influence. The results were compared to fractal analysis of skeletons derived by manual tracing. The mean difference in fractal dimension between 2 observers is 0.004 (0.3%) and the coefficient of repeatability is plusmn0.050 (3.4%). Between a single observer and the computerized approach the mean difference is 0.012 (0.8%) and the coefficient is plusmn0.038 (2.6%). The computerized approach demonstrated a superior reliability compared to manual segmentation
In Memoriam

The founding mission of Technometrics was "to contribute to the development and use of statistical methods in the physical, chemical, and engineering sciences. " Few people have contributed as much to this objective as John W. Tukey, during his 60-year career as mathematician and statistician. He was an early contributor to this journal (beginning with its first issue); was the first chairman of the American Statistical Association's Section on Physical and Engineering Sciences; was honored by the American Statistical Association (ASA), the American Society for Quality (ASQ), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the U.S. government with their highest medals of science; and maintained a lifelong interest in applications of statistics to science. For this reason, we dedicate this issue of Technometrics to his memory. Tukey's contributions to science, and to this journal in particular, were vast, profound, and remarkably farsighted. His name is attached to numerous procedures, including "Tukey's" boxplot/stem-and-leaf/biweight/jackknife/median polish/corner test for association/spectral window/3R smoother/HSD (for "honestly significant difference")/A distribution/test for nonadditivity/Siegel-Tukey test of scales/Cooley-Tukey fast Fourier transform, and many others (Olmstead and Tukey 1947; Tukey 1949, 1953, 1958a, Blackman and Tukey 1959; Siegel and Tukey 1960; Cooley and Tukey 1965; Tukey 1977; Mosteller and Tukey 1977). Quoting from William Cleveland's Preface to the (currently eight) volumes of The Collected Works of John W Tukey (CWJWT; Tukey 1984, 1985, 1986a,b, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994):
Attachment-based family therapy reduces suicidal ideation in adolescents

ED FROM Diamond GS, Wintersteen MB, Brown GK, et al. Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010;49:122–31. Correspondence to: Guy S Diamond, Center for Family Intervention Science, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; diamond@email.chop. edu Source of funding: US Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. A table and references are published online only at http://ebmh.bmj. com Common clinical approaches to suicidal behavior in adolescents sorely lack evidence, including brief hospitalization, ‘contracts for safety’ and supportive counseling. Even ‘combined’ therapy (intensive medication management plus cognitive–behavioral psychotherapy), which has the strongest evidence for preventing mild suicidal ideation, does not seem to decrease suicide risk in severely depressed adolescents. Two existing ‘manualized’ treatments, Multisystemic Therapy and Social Support Teams, seem to hold promise in reducing suicidality in teens. Although neither has yet been rigorously tested in randomized control trials using intention-to-treat analyses, their effi cacy suggests that garnering and maintaining effective social support may indeed alleviate some forms of adolescent suicidality. Attachment-based family therapy reduces suicidal ideation in adolescents
Comments on Baker et al.'s "Quantitative analysis of serum sodium concentration after prolonged running in the heat".

to the editor: Baker et al. ([1][1]) tested the Nguyen-Kurtz equation's ([4][2]) predictive powers for serum [Na]. Briefly, the N-K equation is a mass-balance approach to predicting changes in serum [Na]. Given a starting serum [Na] and total body water and then accounting for changes in body water
Investigating couples’ sleep: an evaluation of actigraphic analysis techniques

‘Blip’ analysis, fast wavelet transformations (FWT) and correlation analysis have all been used to actigraphically assess the impact one person is having on another's sleep, yet no review exists as to the differences between, and applicability of, these methods for investigating couples’ sleep. Using actigraphy data and audio sleep diaries collected from 18 couples, this paper provides such a review. This paper constructs and assesses two novel, analytical methods: Lotjonen's sleep/wake algorithm, and the partner impact on sleep wake analysis (PISWA). Both ‘blip’ analysis and correlation suggest that the strongest relationship between bed partners occurs on an epoch‐to‐epoch basis. However, ‘blips’ deal strictly with onset of movement and fail to incorporate strength and duration of movement. Conversely, correlation analysis incorporates some elements of strength and duration of movement but makes identification of onset problematic. FWT offer useful ‘relativistic’ pattern recognition, identifying onset, strength and duration of movement, but are difficult to quantify. Although audio diary data support the potential of Lotjonen's sleep/wake algorithm to identify sleep non‐movement, sleep movement, wake non‐movement (or quiet wakefulness) and wake movement, the problem remains that this method also relies on visualization. Of most promise, we argue, is the PISWA, which examines ‘impact’ of bed partners through incorporating elements of ‘blip’ analysis and the sleep/wake algorithm.
Psychological Factors Influencing Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Performance

Brain activity can be influenced by a person's mental and emotional condition. Therefore, the psychological state should be taken into account when investigating applications which are controlled by or dependent on brain-activity, such as Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). In their Model of BCI control, Kübler and colleagues [1], summarized the components which most likely influence and predict BCI performance and presented psychological factors as one such component. Psychological factors that may influence BCI performance are attention, concentration, motivation, or visuo-motor coordination. We present the state of the art with respect to the influence of psychological factors on BCI performance and discuss the importance of the BCI training situation. We argue for considering psychological aspects in BCI research, development, and translation to end-users.
Patient referral from nurses to doctors in a nurse-led HIV primary care clinic in South Africa: implications for training and support

Abstract Health services in sub-Saharan Africa are under great pressure to provide adequate clinical care due to the continued HIV epidemic, and nurse-driven models of care are one means to address physician shortages. This case–control study examines the reasons for and correlates of patient referral from nurses to physicians at HIV primary care clinics in South Africa prior to initiating antiretroviral treatment. Ninety-seven HIV-infected cases who required physician consolation and 160 controls who did not require physician consultation (matched on gender, age, and date of clinic visit) were consecutively enrolled at both an urban and rural HIV primary care clinic during a 12-month period beginning in March 2006. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess correlates of patient referral to a physician. Cases were more likely to have lower CD4 cell counts and have WHO Stages III and IV disease compared to controls (p<0.05). Predictors of patient referral were a CD4 cell count between 50 and 200 cells/µl (adj OR: 5.27, 95% CI: 2.16–12.88, p<0.0001), a CD4 cell count below 50 cells/µl (adj OR: 3.47, 95% CI: 1.12–10.78, p=0.032), and Stage IV disease (adj OR: 4.58, 95% CI: 1.35–15.60, p=0.015). Additionally, the following ICD-10 clinical diagnoses were associated with patient referral: tuberculosis, aplastic and other anemias, and lower respiratory tract infection (p<0.05). Nurses can provide adequate clinical and diagnostic management for certain clinical conditions to HIV-infected patients. Further studies are needed to examine specifically how HIV healthcare delivery can be scaled-up in resource-limited settings with a high burden of HIV, but with a minimal healthcare infrastructure.
A New Method of Urethroplasty for Prevention of Fistula in Female-to-Male Gender Reassignment Surgery

One of the primary goals of the phalloplasty for female-to-male transsexuals is to gain the voiding ability in the standing position. However, achieving the competence of urethra, sensation and rigidity of the neophallus is still a significant challenge. Serious complications such as urethral fistula, obstruction and stricture were encountered in this surgery. In experienced hands, this seems to be associated with urethroplasty technique. The authors performed phalloplasty with radial forearm osteocutaneous free flap method in 70 patients of female-to-male transsexuals. In 38 cases which were enrolled before 2001, we had carried out the urethroplasty by our own method, but since 2001, we have applied the modified method of urethroplasty to reduce the incidence of urethrocutaneous fistula. Thirty-four cases have undergone a new modified method of ours. For construction of the urethra, an anteriorly based vaginal wall flap and labium minoral flaps were used in this technique. In our new method series, 1 case (1.4%) of flap loss occurred after phalloplasty. The incidence of urethrocutaneous fistula was 30%. Before the year 2001, of 38 patients, there were 14 cases (36.8%) who developed urethrocutaneous fistula. On the other hand, 7 of 32 patients (21.9%) who underwent urethroplasty by the modified labium minoral flap and anteriorly based vaginal flap had urethrocutaneous fistula after 2001. One-stage total phalloplasty and urethroplasty is associated with a significant increase of urethral fistula and obstruction. However, the urethrocutaneous fistula at the level of the female external urethral orifice can be successfully reduced using this new method.
The moderation mediation of Effective Leadership Behaviour and Tenure on Leadership Self-efficacy and Managerial Job Performance relationship: A data analysis presentation

The main objective of this paper is to present the analysis conducted on the Moderating Mediating of Effective Leadership Behaviour and Tenure on the relationship between Leadership Self-efficacy and Managerial Job Performance. 1000 sets of (surbodinate and self report) questionaires were administered on a sample of branch managers and their subordinates in the Nigeria commercial Banks. In total, 457 questionnaires were found suitable for the data analysis. This paper presents the steps followed in conducting the data analysis of this study i.e. the component factor analysis, reliability test of the measurements, correlation analysis, multiple and linear regression analysis and hierarchical regressions conducted in the study. The overview, objectives methodology and the result is presented in the paper.
Formulation and evaluation of novel controlled release of topical pluronic lecithin organogel of mefenamic acid

Abstract In the present study, pluronic lecithin based organogels (PLO gels) were formulated as topical carrier for controlled delivery of mefenamic acid. Ten organogel formulations were prepared by a method employing lecithin as lipophilic phase and pluronic F-127 as hydrophilic phase in varying concentrations to study various parameters using in vitro diffusion study and in vivo studies. All formulations were found to be off-white, homogenous, and reluctant to be washed easily and have pH value within the range of 5.56–5.80 which is nonirritant. Polymer concentration increased in formulations of F1 to F5 (lecithin) and F6 to F10 (pluronic) resulted in decrease of the gelation temperature, increase of viscosity and reduction of spreadability of gels having polymer tendency to form rigid 3D network. Organogels with higher viscosity were found to be more stable and retard the drug release from the gel. The formulations of F2 and F3 were selected for kinetic studies and stability studies, as they found to have all physical parameters within acceptable limits, highest percent drug content and exhibited highest drug release in eight hours. The order of drug release from various formulations was found to be F2 > F3 > F10 > F4 > F1 > F9 > F8 > F5 > F7 > F6. The optimized formulation F2 was found to follow zero order rate kinetics showing controlled release of the drug from the formulations. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of optimized mefenamic acid organogel (F2) against a standard marketed preparation (Volini gel) was found satisfactory and significant.
A NEW APPROACH TO COLON SPECIFIC DRUG DELIVERY

Oral administration of different dosage forms is the most common form of administration due to greater patient compliance and flexibility. Targeted drug delivery system is the system in which the dosage form is modified to deliver the drug at the target region or at the disease region. Targeted delivery to the colon is being explored not only for local colonic pathologies, but also for systemic delivery of drugs like proteins and peptides. There are several approaches use for targeted drug delivery for colon such as pH and time dependant, Microbial triggered, Pulsin cap and Port system. In which pulsing cap system the formulations develop in a capsule form. The plug placed in the capsule controls the release of drug. These kinds of formulations are used for the treatment of disorders of the large intestine (colon), such as Colon cancer, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) i.e. ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. This is also a potential site for the treatment of diseases sensitive to circadian rhythms such as asthma, angina, hypertension and arthritis. This targeting of drug to the disease site lowers the requirement of higher doses of drug and thus reducing the dosage frequency and cost of the drugs, which ultimately leads to patients compliance.
Blood Coagulation and Propagation of Autowaves in Flow

This study analyses the effect of flow and boundary reactions on spatial propagation of waves of blood coagulation. A simple model of coagulation in plasma consisting of three differential reaction-diffusion equations was used for numerical simulations. The vessel was simulated as a two-dimensional channel of constant width, and the anticoagulant influence of thrombomodulin present on the undamaged vessel wall was taken into account. The results of the simulations showed that this inhibition could stop the coagulation process in the absence of flow in narrow channels. For the used mathematical model of coagulation this was the case if the width was below 0.2 mm. In wider vessels, the process could be stopped by the rapid blood flow. The required flow rate increased with the increase of the damage region size. For example, in a 0.5-mm wide channel with 1-mm long damage region, the propagation of coagulation may be terminated at the flow rate of more than 20 mm/min.
Targeting of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles to tumor cells in Vivo by using transferrin receptor pathways

Human transferrin was covalently coupled to ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles, and the trans‐ferrin‐USPIO obtained was investigated in vivo in experimental SMT/2A tumor‐bearing rats (rat mammary carcinoma). Physicochemical characterization showed an overall size of 36 nm (DLS) with a core size of 5 nm (TEM). Relaxivities were R,1 = 23.6 and R2 = 52.1 liter/mmol · s (0.47 T). Bound transferrin was 280 μg/mg of iron. Pharmacokinetic investigations revealed a half‐life of 17 min in normal rats. The MR evaluation of tumor signal intensity over time showed a 40% (range 25–55%) signal reduction 150 min after injection with the reduction persisting for at least 8 h. Control experiments using the parent USPIO compound or USPIO labeled with a nonspecific human serum albumin (HSA‐USPIO) showed a change of only 10% (range 5–15%) in tumor signal intensity over time. The results demonstrate that a combination of the USPIO relaxivity properties with the specificity of transferrin‐medi‐ated endocytosis allows in vivo detection of tumors by MR imaging.
MPI-SINTEL OPTICAL FLOW BENCHMARK : SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL

This Technical Report contains the supplemental material to the main report on the MPI-Sintel optical flow dataset and evaluation [1]. In particular, we provide details of the image and optical flow statistics that are mentioned in the main paper. Additionally we provide details of the initial evaluation of optical flow algorithm performance on the dataset. Additional details and the dataset itself can be found on the MPI-Sintel website:
A Windows Mobile Based Application for Detection of Cancer in Squamous Cell

Pathological labs use manual method for detection of cancer cells recognition and techniques which are languorous for cell counting. This paper presents automatic cancer cell detection for squamous epithelia in window based applications in mobile phones and PDAs. The algorithm preprocesses the images to remove the graininess, enhance the contrast between the cytoplasm and nucleus and extra cellular components. After preprocessing steps Fourier transform analysis [4, 5] is done to organize the images. Averaging is done to reduce the noise in Fourier image and a 1-D line plot is done so that the cancerous tissue can be differentiated by the machine. Subsequently, the segmentation algorithm based on Otsu’s threshold, morphological operations, and cell size considerations is performed. Biologists can now prepare and image thousands of samples per day using this automation.
Modified exact sample size for a binomial proportion with special emphasis on diagnostic test parameter estimation

The design of epidemiologic studies for the validation of diagnostic tests necessitates accurate sample size calculations to allow for the estimation of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity within a specified level of precision and with the desired level of confidence. Confidence intervals based on the normal approximation to the binomial do not achieve the specified coverage when the proportion is close to 1. A sample size algorithm based on the exact mid‐P method of confidence interval estimation was developed to address the limitations of normal approximation methods. This algorithm resulted in sample sizes that achieved the appropriate confidence interval width even in situations when normal approximation methods performed poorly. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal Design of Consumer Contests

A consumer contest is a sales promotion technique that requires participants to apply certain skills as they compete for prizes or awards. This article is the first to employ a game-theoretical approach to investigate consumer contest design issues, including prize structure, segmentation, and handicapping. First, the authors find that both skill distribution and the number of contestants play an important role in determining the optimal prize structure in consumer contests. Specifically, if the skill distribution has the increasing hazard-rate property, it is optimal for a marketer to use a winner-take-all design. In large contests, for the winner-take-all approach to be optimal, it suffices to have the increasing hazard-rate property only at the high end of the skill distribution. Second, increasing contest size is beneficial to the marketer. Third, a less dispersive skill distribution leads to higher consumption by consumers at all skill levels and thus is beneficial to the marketer. The marketer may achieve less dispersive skill distributions by (1) segmenting or screening contestants according to their skill levels and (2) adopting a performance evaluation scheme that handicaps high-skilled contestants.
Caregivers of Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury: The Emotional Impact of Transition From Hospital to Home

Primary Objective: To explore levels of depression, anxiety, stress and strain symptomatology experienced by caregivers of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the phase of transition from hospital to home. Research Design: Prospective study with data collected at three time-points: pre-discharge, 1- month post-discharge, and 3-months post-discharge. Methods and Procedures: Twenty-nine caregivers of adults with TBI (mean age 48 years), recruited on patient discharge from rehabilitation, completed the Caregiver Strain Index and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale at the three time points. Results: Paired t tests showed significantly lower levels of caregiver strain at one month compared to pre-discharge, and significantly less strain and depression symptoms at 3-month follow-up compared to pre-discharge. Non-significant reductions were observed in level of stress and anxiety across the follow-up time points. Independent group t tests found that female caregivers experienced greater strain than male caregivers at 3 months post-discharge, and caregivers who were immediate family members of the patient experienced greater anxiety than those who were spouses/partners of the patient at 1-month follow-up. Conclusions: The rate of depressive symptoms in caregivers of people with TBI was greater than the general population, and strain was prevalent during the transition period. The results suggest more specific caregiver support and preparation is needed before patient discharge from hospital, and that adequate time spent in rehabilitation is beneficial for caregiver wellbeing.