Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Method of Part of Speech Based on the Algorithm of C4.5 for Polyphone

Chinese is one of graceful languages, not only it's hieroglyphic writing, but also one of flexible languages, which can describe a thing or sensation of people visually. This is because of polyphone, which exists in Chinese. But it's also because of polyphone, there are some difficult in Chinese speech synthesis, especially in the conversion between character and pronunciation. Polyphone is a large proportion in Chinese, so the problem of polyphone is the key in the module of character-pronunciation conversion. In this paper, the part of speech rules is presented to solve the problem of polyphone, which is based on the algorithm of C4.5. And experiment results presented to prove the effectiveness of this method.
A variational bayesian approach to compressive sensing based on Double Lomax priors

Automatic Relevance Determination (ARD) priors have been widely used to induce sparse reconstructions in Bayesian compressive sensing approaches. In this paper, we propose a new sparsity-promoting prior coined as Double Lomax prior. Its connection with the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution and Rayleigh distribution leads to a tractable full Variational Bayesian (VB) inference procedure here. It is shown that the proposed update procedure includes the canonical ARD update procedure as a special case, but provides a better global convergence performance and results in improved signal reconstructions.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerases Also Exhibit Chaperone like Activity In-Vitro and In-Vivo

Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (Ppiases), also known as cyclophilins, are ubiquitously expressed enzymes that assist in protein folding by isomerization of peptide bonds preceding prolyl residues. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is known to possess two Ppiases, PpiA and PpiB. However, our understanding about the biological significance of mycobacterial Ppiases with respect to their pleiotropic roles in responding to stress conditions inside the macrophages is restricted. This study describes chaperone-like activity of mycobacterial Ppiases. We show that recombinant rPpiA and rPpiB can bind to non-native proteins in vitro and can prevent their aggregation. Purified rPpiA and rPpiB exist in oligomeric form as evident from gel filtration chromatography.E. coli cells overexpressing PpiA and PpiB of M.tb could survive thermal stress as compared to plasmid vector control. HEK293T cells transiently expressing M.tb PpiA and PpiB proteins show increased survival as compared to control cells in response to oxidative stress and hypoxic conditions generated after treatment with H2O2 and CoCl2 thereby pointing to their likely role in adaption under host generated oxidative stress and conditions of hypoxia. The chaperone-like function of these M.tuberculosis cyclophilins may possibly function as a stress responder and consequently contribute to virulence.
Low-overhead and fully automated statistical debugging with abstraction refinement

Cooperative statistical debugging is an effective approach for diagnosing production-run failures. To quickly identify failure predictors from the huge program predicate space, existing techniques rely on random or heuristics-guided predicate sampling at the user side. However, none of them can satisfy the requirements of low cost, low diagnosis latency, and high diagnosis quality simultaneously, which are all indispensable for statistical debugging to be practical. This paper presents a new technique that tackles the above challenges. We formulate the technique as an instance of abstraction refinement, where efficient abstract-level profiling is first applied to the whole program and its execution brings information that can pinpoint suspicious coarse-grained entities that need to be refined. The refinement profiles a corresponding set of fine-grained entities, and generates feedback that determines what to prune and what to refine next. The process is fully automated, and more importantly, guided by a mathematically rigorous analysis that guarantees that our approach produces the same debugging results as an exhaustive analysis in deterministic settings. We have implemented this technique for both C and Java on both single machine and distributed system. A thorough evaluation demonstrates that our approach yields (1) an order of magnitude reduction in the user-side runtime overhead even compared to a sampling-based approach and (2) two orders of magnitude reduction in the size of data transferred over the network, completely automatically without sacrificing any debugging capability.
Regulation of Cell Cycle Genes and Induction of Senescence by Overexpression of OTX2 in Medulloblastoma Cell Lines

The transcription factor orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma, as it is often highly expressed and sometimes amplified in these tumors. Little is known of the downstream pathways regulated by OTX2. We therefore generated MED8A and DAOY medulloblastoma cell lines with doxycycline-inducible OTX2 expression. In both cell lines, OTX2 inhibited proliferation and induced a senescence-like phenotype with senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Expression profiles of time series after OTX2 induction in MED8A showed early upregulation of cell cycle genes related to the G2-M phase, such as AURKA, CDC25C, and CCNG2. Paradoxically, G1-S phase genes such as MYC, CDK4, CDK6, CCND1, and CCND2 were strongly downregulated, in line with the observed G1 arrest. ChIP-on-chip analyses of OTX2 binding to promoter regions in MED8A and DAOY showed a strong enrichment for binding to the G2-M genes, suggesting a direct activation. Their mRNA expression correlated with OTX2 expression in primary tumors, underscoring the in vivo relevance of this regulation. OTX2 induction activated the P53 pathway in MED8A, but not in DAOY, which carries a mutated P53 gene. In DAOY cells, senescence-associated secretory factors, such as interleukin-6 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7, were strongly upregulated after OTX2 induction. We hypothesize that the imbalance in cell cycle stimulation by OTX2 leads to cellular senescence either by activating the P53 pathway or through the induction of secretory factors. Our data indicate that OTX2 directly induces a series of cell cycle genes but requires cooperating genes for an oncogenic acceleration of the cell cycle. Mol Cancer Res; 8(10); 1344–57. ©2010 AACR.
Secrecy Capacity Scaling by Jamming-Aided Hierarchical Cooperation in Ad Hoc Networks

The optimal scaling law of secrecy capacity as well as the corresponding achievable scheme have not been fully investigated in ad hoc networks. In this paper, we consider an ad hoc network with eavesdroppers and propose a jamming-aided hierarchical cooperation scheme that achieves the maximum throughput scaling with perfect secrecy in the presence of a given number of eavesdroppers. Our proposed scheme can achieve the linear secrecy capacity scaling in a dense network, while it can achieve the linear or smaller capacity scaling in an extended network, which varies with a path loss exponent. Considering two different networks, which are dense and extended networks, we derive the tolerable intensities of eavesdroppers required for optimal secrecy capacity scaling with our proposed scheme. Our results show that our proposed scheme well achieves optimal secrecy capacity scaling regardless of eavesdroppers' movements. We also reveal that with zero jamming power, our proposed scheme obtains the same scaling law only when the very small number of eavesdroppers exist.
Impulse response of a linear diffusion analogy model as a flood frequency probability density function

Abstract The impulse response of a linear convective-diffusion analogy (LD) model used for flow routing in open channels is proposed as a probability distribution for flood frequency analysis. The flood frequency model has two parameters, which are derived using the methods of moments and maximum likelihood. Also derived are errors in quantiles for these parameter estimation methods. The distribution shows that the two methods are equivalent in terms of producing mean values—the important property in case of unknown true distribution function. The flood frequency model is tested using annual peak discharges for the gauging sections of 39 Polish rivers where the average value of the ratio of the coefficient of skewness to the coefficient of variation equals about 2.52, a value closer to the ratio of the LD model than to the gamma or the lognormal model. The likelihood ratio indicates the preference of the LD over the lognormal for 27 out of 39 cases. It is found that the proposed flood frequency model represents flood frequency characteristics well (measured by the moment ratio) when the LD flood routing model is likely to be the best of all linear flow routing models.
Antivirals for Treatment of Influenza

BACKGROUND Systematic reviews of randomized, controlled trials in patients with influenza suggest a lack of evidence about the effects of antiviral therapy on several patient-important outcomes of influenza. PURPOSE To systematically review observational studies for benefits and harms of oseltamivir, zanamivir, amantadine, or rimantadine in the treatment of influenza. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, SIGLE, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Panteleimon, and LILACS up to November 2010; contact with pharmaceutical companies; and reference lists. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies in any language that compared single antiviral therapy with no therapy or other antiviral therapy, or that had no comparator, for influenza or influenza-like illness. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent investigators extracted data. Confidence in the estimates of the obtained effects (quality of evidence) was assessed by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. DATA SYNTHESIS 74 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses of the few studies providing effects with adjustment for confounders suggest that, in high-risk populations, oral oseltamivir may reduce mortality (odds ratio, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.13 to 0.43]; low-quality evidence), hospitalization (odds ratio, 0.75 [CI, 0.66 to 0.89]; low-quality evidence), and duration of symptoms (33 hours [CI, 21 to 45 hours]; very low-quality evidence) compared with no treatment. Earlier treatment with oseltamivir was generally associated with better outcomes. Inhaled zanamivir may lead to shorter symptom duration (23 hours [CI, 17 to 28 hours]; moderate-quality evidence) and fewer hospitalizations (odds ratio, 0.66 [CI, 0.37 to 1.18]) but more complications than no treatment. Direct comparison of oral oseltamivir and inhaled zanamivir suggests no important differences in key outcomes. Data from 1 study suggest that oral amantadine may reduce mortality and pneumonia associated with influenza A. No included study evaluated rimantadine. LIMITATIONS Mortality was assessed in high-risk patients, and generalizability is limited. The overall body of evidence is limited by risk for confounding and selection, reporting, and publication bias. CONCLUSION Therapy with oral oseltamivir and inhaled zanamivir may provide a net benefit over no treatment of influenza. However, as with the randomized trials, the confidence in the estimates of the effects for decision making is low to very low. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCES: World Health Organization and McMaster University.
Geography shapes the phylogeny of frailejones (Espeletiinae Cuatrec., Asteraceae): a remarkable example of recent rapid radiation in sky islands

Background The páramo ecosystem, located above the timberline in the tropical Andes, has been the setting for some of the most dramatic plant radiations, and it is one of the world’s fastest evolving and most diverse high-altitude ecosystems. Today 144+ species of frailejones (subtribe Espeletiinae Cuatrec., Asteraceae) dominate the páramo. Frailejones have intrigued naturalists and botanists, not just for their appealing beauty and impressive morphological diversity, but also for their remarkable adaptations to the extremely harsh environmental conditions of the páramo. Previous attempts to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this group failed to resolve relationships among genera and species, and there is no agreement regarding the classification of the group. Thus, our goal was to reconstruct the phylogeny of the frailejones and to test the influence of the geography on it as a first step to understanding the patterns of radiation of these plants. Methods Field expeditions in 70 páramos of Colombia and Venezuela resulted in 555 collected samples from 110 species. Additional material was obtained from herbarium specimens. Sequence data included nrDNA (ITS and ETS) and cpDNA (rpl16), for an aligned total of 2,954 bp. Fragment analysis was performed with AFLP data using 28 primer combinations and yielding 1,665 fragments. Phylogenies based on sequence data were reconstructed under maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The AFLP dataset employed minimum evolution analyses. A Monte Carlo permutation test was used to infer the influence of the geography on the phylogeny. Results Phylogenies reconstructed suggest that most genera are paraphyletic, but the phylogenetic signal may be misled by hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting. A tree with all the available molecular data shows two large clades: one of primarily Venezuelan species that includes a few neighboring Colombian species; and a second clade of only Colombian species. Results from the Monte Carlo permutation test suggests a very strong influence of the geography on the phylogenetic relationships. Venezuelan páramos tend to hold taxa that are more distantly-related to each other than Colombian páramos, where taxa are more closely-related to each other. Conclusions Our data suggest the presence of two independent radiations: one in Venezuela and the other in Colombia. In addition, the current generic classification will need to be deeply revised. Analyses show a strong geographic structure in the phylogeny, with large clades grouped in hotspots of diversity at a regional scale, and in páramo localities at a local scale. Differences in the degrees of relatedness between sympatric species of Venezuelan and Colombian páramos may be explained because of the younger age of the latter páramos, and the lesser time for speciation of Espeletiinae in them.
Examining the relationship between coping strategies, perceived social support and mental health in psychosocial and environmental problems

AbstractIntroduction: Coping strategies are used in stressful situations and have been examined in many studies. However, very few studies have examined the association between coping strategies, perceived social support and mental health in psychosocial and environmental problems in the general population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 482 individuals (n=482) from Greece’s general population. A composite questionnaire was used, including demographic information, the Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the General Health Questionnaire-28. The program SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis.Results: Mean age of the participants=38.67 years (M = 38.67, SD = 13.20, Min = 18, Max = 71, Range=53), men=36.9 %, women=63.1. Mean score of the CSI scales: Problem Solving=23.60, Seeking Social Support=23.33, Avoidance-Distraction=9.82, Avoidance-Withdrawal=8.45. Mean score of MSPSS=67.79 and of the GHQ-28=23.71. Younger participants had higher score in Seeking Social Support (F4, 462=3.112, p=0.015) and lower score in Avoidance-withdrawal (F4, 467=3.265, p=0.012) scales. There were no significant differences between the type of stressors in the CSI scales score. Concerning the GHQ-28, women had higher score than men in Somatic symptoms (t=-2.875, df=476, p=0.004) and in Anxiety/Insomnia (t=-2.667, df=474, p=0.007) subscales. Illiterate-graduates of primary school had higher score in GHQ-28 (F3, 464=3.382, p=0.018) and in Anxiety/Insomnia subscale (F3,470=5.277, p=0.001). The type of stressor was found to be significant in severe depression subscale (F9, 472=2.603, p=0.006). Αge correlated significantly only with Seeking Social Support (r=-.129, p<0.05), while a positive correlation was found between Avoidance-Withdrawal and GHQ-28 (r=.117, p<0.05) and a negative one between MSPSS and GHQ-28 (r=-.283, p<0.01). Discussion: Avoidance-withdrawal coping strategy and low perceived social support predict mental health problems (anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction, somatic symptoms, depression) in general population. Differences in coping strategies are associated with age, age group, gender and in mental health problems with age group, gender, educational level and type of stressor. Future research is suggested, so that further clarification of the study’s results to be possible.Key-words: Stress, coping strategies, social support, mental health, psychosocial problems.
Development of Models for Predicting the Predominant Taste and Odor Compounds in Taihu Lake, China

Taste and odor (T&O) problems, which have adversely affected the quality of water supplied to millions of residents, have repeatedly occurred in Taihu Lake (e.g., a serious odor accident occurred in 2007). Because these accidents are difficult for water resource managers to forecast in a timely manner, there is an urgent need to develop optimum models to predict these T&O problems. For this purpose, various biotic and abiotic environmental parameters were monitored monthly for one year at 30 sites across Taihu Lake. This is the first investigation of this huge lake to sample T&O compounds at the whole-lake level. Certain phytoplankton taxa were important variables in the models; for instance, the concentrations of the particle-bound 2-methylisoborneol (p-MIB) were correlated with the presence of Oscillatoria, whereas those of the p-β-cyclocitral and p-β-ionone were correlated with Microcystis levels. Abiotic factors such as nitrogen (TN, TDN, NO3-N, and NO2-N), pH, DO, COND, COD and Chl-a also contributed significantly to the T&O predictive models. The dissolved (d) T&O compounds were related to both the algal biomass and to certain abiotic environmental factors, whereas the particle-bound (p) T&O compounds were more strongly related to the algal presence. We also tested the validity of these models using an independent data set that was previously collected from Taihu Lake in 2008. In comparing the concentrations of the T&O compounds observed in 2008 with those concentrations predicted from our models, we found that most of the predicted data points fell within the 90% confidence intervals of the observed values. This result supported the validity of these models in the studied system. These models, basing on easily collected environmental data, will be of practical value to the water resource managers of Taihu Lake for evaluating the probability of T&O accidents.
Chiral Rings and Anomalies in Supersymmetric Gauge Theory

Motivated by recent work of Dijkgraaf and Vafa, we study anomalies and the chiral ring structure in a supersymmetric U(N) gauge theory with an adjoint chiral superfield and an arbitrary superpotential. A certain generalization of the Konishi anomaly leads to an equation which is identical to the loop equation of a bosonic matrix model. This allows us to solve for the expectation values of the chiral operators as functions of a finite number of ``integration constants. '' From this, we can derive the Dijkgraaf-Vafa relation of the effective superpotential to a matrix model. Some of our results are applicable to more general theories. For example, we determine the classical relations and quantum deformations of the chiral ring of = 1 super Yang-Mills theory with SU(N) gauge group, showing, as one consequence, that all supersymmetric vacua of this theory have a nonzero chiral condensate.
Radiometric Self-Alignment of Image Sequences ( CVPR ’ 04 )

Color values in an image are related to image irradiance by a nonlinear function called radiometric response function. Since this function depends on the aperture and shutter speed, image intensity of a same object may vary during the acquisition of an image sequence due to auto exposure feature of the camera. While this is desirable to make optimal use of the limited dynamic range of most cameras, this causes problems for a number of applications in computer vision. In this paper, we propose a method for estimating radiometric response function and apply it to radiometrically align images so that the color values are consistent for all images of a sequence. Our approach computes the response function, exposure and white balance changes between images (up to some ambiguity) for moving camera without any prior knowledge about exposures. We show the performance of our algorithm by estimating the response function from synthetic images and also from real world data, using it to radiometrically align the images.
Predictive Uncertainty in Environmental Modelling

Artificial neural networks have proved an attractive approach to non-linear regression problems arising in environmental modelling, such as statistical downscaling, short-term forecasting of atmospheric pollutant concentrations and rainfall run-off modelling. However, environmental datasets are frequently very noisy and characterised by a noise process that may be heteroscedastic (having input dependent variance) and/or non-Gaussian. The aim of this paper is to review an existing methodology for estimating predictive uncertainty in such situations, and more importantly illustrate how a model of the predictive distribution may be exploited in assessing the possible impacts of climate change and to improve current decision making processes. The results of the WCCI-2006 predictive uncertainty in environmental modelling challenge are also reviewed and some areas suggested where further research may provide significant benefits.
Estimation of carbon-ion-caused radiation levels by calculating the transport of the produced neutrons through shielding layers

G. Fehrenbacher, F. Gutermuth, T. Radon GSI Darmstadt, Germany An important aspect to be considered when designing the GSI future project will be the radiation protection of both the staff and the environment. One of the prerequisites for a permission for the operation of a high-energy accelerator is a careful planning of the necessary radiation shielding equipment. In order to give recommendations for the amount of concrete needed for adequate radiation shielding one has to calculate the transport of the primary produced radiation through the shielding walls. Here we report on using the radiation transport code FLUKA [1] for the evaluation of the shielding design of a medical radiation treatment unit [2]. As an example the irradiation room of the planned heavy-ion cancer therapy facility in Heidelberg is subject to an radiation protection analysis. Neutrons of a wide energy range mainly constitute the radiation impact behind the shielding walls. The production of neutrons by a 400 MeV/u carbon beam in tissue-equivalent material has been measured at the HIMAC in Chiba [3]. Using the computer program FLUKA these primary neutrons are further transported through the shielding geometry by Monte-Carlo techniques. For comparison a conventional line-of-sight model is applied, too. The shielding equipment of the treatment rooms in Heidelberg will consist of two main components, one solid iron block placed directly behind the patient and a thick wall made of concrete surrounding the room. The geometrical arrangement of the design is illustrated in figure 1.