Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Aluminum Toxicity via Decreasing Apoplast and Symplast Al Contents in Rice

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a vital role in Al3+ stress resistance in plants, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In the present study, pretreatment with 2 μM of the H2S donor NaHS significantly alleviated the inhibition of root elongation caused by Al toxicity in rice roots, which was accompanied by a decrease in Al contents in root tips under 50 μM Al3+ treatment. NaHS pretreatment decreased the negative charge in cell walls by reducing the activity of pectin methylesterase and decreasing the pectin and hemicellulose contents in rice roots. This treatment also masked Al-binding sites in the cell wall by upregulating the expression of OsSATR1 and OsSTAR2 in roots and reduced Al binding in the cell wall by stimulating the expression of the citrate acid exudation gene OsFRDL4 and increasing the secretion of citrate acid. In addition, NaHS pretreatment decreased the symplasmic Al content by downregulating the expression of OsNRAT1, and increasing the translocation of cytoplasmic Al to the vacuole via upregulating the expression of OsALS1. The increment of antioxidant enzyme [superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD)] activity with NaHS pretreatment significantly decreased the MDA and H2O2 content in rice roots, thereby reducing the damage of Al3+ toxicity on membrane integrity in rice. H2S exhibits crosstalk with nitric oxide (NO) in response to Al toxicity, and through reducing NO content in root tips to alleviate Al toxicity. Together, this study establishes that H2S alleviates Al toxicity by decreasing the Al content in the apoplast and symplast of rice roots.
Prediction of Rheometric Properties of Compounds by Using Artificial Neural Networks

Abstract The ability of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to evaluate the variability of rheometric properties of rubber compounds from their formulation is presented. Because of the complexity and non-linearity of mixing processes, an exact mathematical treatment of the problem is extremely difficult, or even impossible. The use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) might be very useful to analyze these processes, since they have the ability to map nonlinear relationships without prior information about process or system models. In this work a three-layer ANN is used and the optimum parameters are determined. The results are compared with theoretical and experimental published data. The dependence of the rheometric properties as a function of compound components is also analyzed. Finally, the sensibility matrix concept is introduced. The sensibility matrix allows us to calculate the minimum expected variability, for a given compound, due to the weight tolerances of its components.
Using Unsupervised System with least linguistic features for TAC-AESOP Task

We consider AESOP Task as Topic based evaluation of information content. Means at first stage, we identify the topics covered in given model/reference summary and calculate their importance. At the next stage, we calculate the information coverage in test / machine generated summary, w.r. t. every identified topic. We use the local importance of words in calculation of importance of topics. From experiments it is clear that use of different methods for identification of topics and calculation of information coverage in test documents w.r. t. every identified topic, have different effect on the result. It is important to note that our devised system do not require any linguistic support or learning or training in entire execution of the system.
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

a b s t r a c t In the wake of adoption of the resolution by the International Maritime Organization to control biofouling on vessels, which is recognized as a major vector for transfer of invasive species, this study attempts to create a baseline data on major hard-shelled biofouling organisms in the harbour waters. This study was primarily focused towards understanding the biofouling and corrosion pattern on various metals and their performance under immersed condition in a marine environment, at 0.3 and 3.0 m depths. Furthermore, the study attempts to understand the surface dependent characteristics of barnacle base plate and its adhesion strength. Barnacle, mussels and oysters were the major fouling organisms accounting for 72.33% of the variation. Stainless steel and Titanium panels showed the highest average biofouling load of 176.36 and 168.35 g/300 cm 2 , respectively. The variance in biofouling between metals and depths was highly significant at p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively. Morphology of barnacle base plate interfacial surface varied between metals. Barnacles with 8-9 mm base diameter showed the maximum adhesion strength in shear of 6.86 ± 0.95 kPa. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Fuzzy translation of cross-lingual spelling variants

We will present a novel two-step fuzzy translation technique for cross-lingual spelling variants. In the first stage, transformation rules are applied to source words to render them more similar to their target language equivalents. The rules are generated automatically using translation dictionaries as source data. In the second stage, the intermediate forms obtained in the first stage are translated into a target language using fuzzy matching. The effectiveness of the technique was evaluated empirically using five source languages and English as a target language. The target word list contained 189 000 English words with the correct equivalents for the source words among them. The source words were translated using the two-step fuzzy translation technique, and the results were compared with those of plain fuzzy matching based translation. The combined technique performed better, sometimes considerably better, than fuzzy matching alone.
Synthesis of Long Gold Nanorods as an Efficient Photothermal Agent in the Second Near-Infrared Window

To date, intensive efforts have been devoted in the synthesis of various nanomaterials as photothermal agent in the first near-infrared (NIR) window (650-950 nm). Although the NIR-II window (1000-1350 nm) is recognized to offer more efficient tissue penetration and higher permissible exposure to excitation light, the corresponding photothermal agents have been scant. Here, we report a binary surfactant seeded growth method for high yield synthesis of long AuNRs (LAuNRs) as an efficient NIR-II photothermal agent. The as-synthesized LAuNRs with aspect ratio of 6.7 shows strong surface plasmon resonance band at 1064 nm, and demonstrates high photothermal conversion efficiency and excellent photothermal stability. When the AuNRs aqueous dispersion is covered with a 6 mm thick pork tissue as a model of biological tissues, its temperature can still be increased by 13.1 °C under a 1064 nm 1.0 W/cm2 laser irradiation. These results demonstrate the promising potential of the LAuNRs as an efficient photothermal agent in the NIR-II window.
GENE NOMENCLATURE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA ( SCA ) AND THE IN SILICO STUDY OF NON-SYNONYMOUS SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS ( NSSNP ) OF ATXN 1 GENE ASSOCIATED WITH SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 1 ( SCA 1 )

Objective: The objective is to distinguish the gene nomenclature of 36 types of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) and to find the non-synonymous singlenucleotide polymorphism (nsSNP) which is main target for spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). Method: The gene nomenclatures of spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) were collected from Entrez gene on NCBI website. SCA1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are retrieved from single nucleotide polymorphism database (dbSNP) and the insilico study was done for SCA1 by using SIFT and polyphen server. Results: Gene information’s like gene ID, gene name, gene full name, other aliases, other designations, location of gene, gene length, gene type and protein length are collected and briefly tabulated in this study. Among 24,000 SNP, 13 are nsSNP and among these 13 nsSNPs 5 were found to be deleterious and it was found by SIFT program. Among the same 13 nsSNPs 7 were found to be damaged and it was done by polyphen server. 4 nsSNPs (rs116599639, rs2175378, rs75068405 and rs62387706) are found to be common in both SIFT and polyphen. Conclusion: The nomenclature of genes and its information’s are briefly explained and it is used for further research. Among 24,000 SNPs 4 nsSNPs (rs116599639, rs2175378, rs75068405 and rs62387706) are found to be common in both SIFT and polyphen server. So the conclusion is that, the 4 nsSNPs are the main target mutation for SCA type 1.
Flame Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Toughened Phenolic Foams Containing a Melamine Phosphate Borate

ABSTRACT A melamine phosphate borate flame retardant was prepared through a solvothermal method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, element analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The incorporation of melamine phosphate borate into the phenolic foams toughened by polyethylene glycol results in an increase in limiting oxygen index and a decrease in peak heat release rate, smoke, and CO and CO2 production. The mechanical tests reveal that the incorporation of melamine phosphate borate leads to a further improvement in flexural strength and compressive strength, and a decrease in the pulverization ratios of the toughened foams. Moreover, the thermal stability of the toughened PF foams containing melamine phosphate borate was studied. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The Origin of Informational Replicators by Serial Dilution of a Primordial Soup

How can informational replicators (Zachar and Szathmary 2010) such as template replicators, arise from noninformational autocatalysts (Szathmary and Maynard Smith 1997; Szathmary 2000)? Variants of an informational replicator have a high probability of being autocatalytic, thus allowing potentially unlimited heritable variants to be replicated, for example, mutants of a DNA sequence have this property. Variants of non-informational replicators such as glycolaldehyde in the Formose cycle are not in general autocatalytic; therefore, there is little capacity for hereditary variation (Szathmary 2006). This paper asks; what are the necessary and sufficient conditions for an increase in the probability that a variant of an autocatalyst will itself be capable of autocatalysis? Given some well-defined assumptions, serial dilution in a rich generative chemistry such as that found in the Miller experiment should result in the emergence of informational replicators, i.e. autocatalysts whose variants have a high probability of themselves being capable of autocatalysis.
Radiographic assessment of 72 hips after 10 years

We analyzed the radiographic and clini- cal outcome of the ScanHip total hip arthroplasty in 70 patients after 10 years. The Swedish National Hip Reg- ister, in which the end-point of the survival analysis is dee ned as revisions, reported a 10-year survival rate of 94% with the ScanHip, but in the present series 13% of the femoral stems and 29% of the sockets met the cri- teria for aseptic loosening. Focal osteolysis was found around 8 sockets (11%) and 23 stems (32%) and had occurred signie cantly oftener around loose sockets, but not around femoral stems. Linear polyethylene wear was signie cantly increased in loose sockets, but no rela- tionship was noted between polyethylene wear and stem loosening or was there a correlation between clinical symptoms or patients' satisfaction and component loos- ening. Therefore precise serial long-term radiographic follow-up is the only satisfactory method for detecting aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty. It gives the surgeon more detailed information about each case than survival analysis alone. n
KINEMATICS OF THE AXIAL SKELETON DURING ONE-MAN RUGBY UNION SCRUMS

Understanding kinematics and movement variability (MV) of the axial skeleton (head, thorax, spine, and pelvis) during scrums in Rugby Union is important from a performance and injury prevention perspective. The aim of this study was to investigate repeatability (or MV) of axial skeleton kinematics during one-man simulated scrums. Nine front row players performed scrums against a scrum machine. Results showed high levels of repeatability. The outcomes of this study suggest that the difficulty in performing scrums well might not reside in the basic technique, but be more associated with external factors, such as the interaction between players in a full scrum. Therefore, the results suggest that expert movement may better be achieved by practicing scrums under more realistic conditions than against a scrum machine.
3 D reconstruction of a femoral shape using a parametric model and two 2 D fluoroscopic images

In medical diagnostic imaging, the X-ray CT scanner and the MRI system have been widely used to examine 3D shapes and internal structures of living organisms and bones. However, these apparatuses are generally large and very expensive. Since an appointment is also required before examination, these systems are not suitable for urgent fracture diagnosis in emergency treatment. However, X-ray/fluoroscopy has been widely used as traditional medical diagnosis. Therefore, the realization of the reconstruction of precise 3D shapes of living organisms or bones from a few conventional 2D fluoroscopic images might be very useful in practice, in terms of cost, labor, and radiation exposure. The present paper proposes a method by which to estimate a patient-specific 3D shape of a femur from only two fluoroscopic images using a parametric femoral model. First, we develop a parametric femoral model by the statistical analysis of 3D femoral shapes created from CT images of 56 patients. Then, the position and shape parameters of the parametric model are estimated from two 2D fluoroscopic images using a distance map constructed by the Level Set Method. Experiments using synthesized images, fluoroscopic images of a phantom femur, and in vivo images for hip prosthesis patients are successfully carried out, and it is verified that the proposed system has practical applications. 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Separation and characterization of unknown impurities in cefonicid sodium by trap-free two-dimensional liquid chromatography combined with ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

RATIONALE Seven unknown antibiotic impurities in cefonicid sodium were separated and characterized by a trap-free two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2D-LC/IT-TOF MS) using both positive and negative modes of electrospray ionization. Trap-free 2D-LC and an online demineralization technique made it possible to characterize cefonicid sodium under the conditions of the official standard, and the TIC chromatogram obtained by LC/MS was in conformity with the LC chromatogram obtained by the official analytical method in the peak sequence of impurities. METHODS In the first dimension, the column was a GRACE Alltima C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), and the gradient elution used 0.02 mol·L-1 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution and methanol as mobile phase. In the second dimension, the analytical column was a Shimadzu Shim-pack GISS C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) with 10 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate solution and methanol as mobile phase. Full scan LC/MS was first executed to obtain the exact m/z values of the molecules. Then LC/MS2 and LC-MS3 experiments were performed on the compounds of interest. RESULTS The structures of seven unknown degradation products in cefonicid sodium were deduced based on the high-resolution MSn data using both positive and negative mode. CONCLUSIONS The problem of incompatibility between the non-volatile salt mobile phase and mass spectrometry was solved completely by multidimensional heart-cutting approaches and an online demineralization technique, which is worthy of widespread use and application for the advantages of stability and repeatability.
RUNNING IN LOWER LIMB AMPUTEES: ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF NEW SPORTS PROSTHETIC COMPONENTS

Until some years ago, running in lower limb amputees was basically restricted by the inadequate dimensions of available prosthetic components that usually did not allow for the adequate dynamics necessary for running at lower speeds. Newly developed prosthetic components for recreational sports have enabled a great number of lower limb amputees to participate in running as an endurance sport. The present paper compares biomechanical parameters representing the functional benefits that result from the use of these components. The results were used to define potential advantages and limitations of lower limb amputee running depending on the level of amputation. Running of TF amputees is characterised by specific constraints based on the absence of knee stabilising muscles and the technical features of prosthetic components.
Divergence of Acoustic Signals in a Widely Distributed Frog: Relevance of Inter-Male Interactions

Divergence of acoustic signals in a geographic scale results from diverse evolutionary forces acting in parallel and affecting directly inter-male vocal interactions among disjunct populations. Pleurodema thaul is a frog having an extensive latitudinal distribution in Chile along which males' advertisement calls exhibit an important variation. Using the playback paradigm we studied the evoked vocal responses of males of three populations of P. thaul in Chile, from northern, central and southern distribution. In each population, males were stimulated with standard synthetic calls having the acoustic structure of local and foreign populations. Males of both northern and central populations displayed strong vocal responses when were confronted with the synthetic call of their own populations, giving weaker responses to the call of the southern population. The southern population gave stronger responses to calls of the northern population than to the local call. Furthermore, males in all populations were stimulated with synthetic calls for which the dominant frequency, pulse rate and modulation depth were varied parametrically. Individuals from the northern and central populations gave lower responses to a synthetic call devoid of amplitude modulation relative to stimuli containing modulation depths between 30–100%, whereas the southern population responded similarly to all stimuli in this series. Geographic variation in the evoked vocal responses of males of P. thaul underlines the importance of inter-male interactions in driving the divergence of the acoustic traits and contributes evidence for a role of intra-sexual selection in the evolution of the sound communication system of this anuran.
The Role of Response Perceptions in Couples’ Ongoing Cancer-Related Disclosure

ABSTRACT In efforts to better understand the intricate nature of response, we tested a four-dimension structure of response patterns (measured as support, reciprocity, emotional reaction, and avoidance) as well as four single dimension models within the context of couples managing cancer. All models incorporate dyadic data, including both patient and partner perceptions that relational quality influences response patterns, and response patterns influence ongoing disclosure (measured as breadth and depth). Participants were 95 dyads in which one partner had been diagnosed with cancer. We conducted multilevel analyses using an actor-partner interdependence model. Results supported the four-dimension model as well as individual dimension models. All response types predict within person disclosure. However, only reciprocity predicts the other person’s disclosure, and only patient’s reports of partner reciprocity predict partner disclosure.
Recent advances in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension

Over the past 20 years, there has been an explosion in the development of therapeutics to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a rare but life-threatening disorder associated with progressive elevation of pulmonary pressures and severe right heart failure. Recently, the field has seen the introduction of riociguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, a new endothelin receptor antagonist (macitentan), and oral prostanoids (treprostinil and selexipag). Besides new drugs, there have been significant advances in defining the role of upfront combination therapy in treatment-naïve patients as well as proposed methods to deliver systemic prostanoids by use of implantable pumps. In this review, we will touch upon the most important developments in PAH therapeutics over the last three years and how these have changed the guidelines for the treatment of PAH. These exciting developments herald a new era in the treatment of PAH which will be punctuated by the use of more clinically relevant endpoints in clinical research trials and a novel treatment paradigm that may involve upfront double- or triple-combination therapy. We anticipate that the future will make use of these strategies to test the efficacy of upcoming new drugs that aspire to reduce disease progression and improve survival in patients afflicted with this devastating disease.
Study of the Penetration of Silver Nanoparticles into SVK14 Cells

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are the most frequently applied nanomaterials, due to their antibacterial properties. We evaluated and verified the parameters of commercially produced nanoparticles. It is necessary to verify the properties of commercially manufactured nanomaterials, because they are massively added to the products used in daily life including beauty products, clothing and disinfectants. Up-to-date microscopic techniques were used for determination of size, concentrations and biological activity of NPs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used for verification and imaging of the size and distribution of NPs. AFM is a powerful technique that has enabled major advances in nanotechnology. The development of "sharp" tip based probes has made it possible to examine surfaces of many types of materials with spatial resolutions approaching 1 nm. For qualitative determination of cell uptake the Raman spectroscopy in combination with confocal optical microscopy was used as a new technique for cell imaging. Visualization of exogenous substances in the cell environment by means of confocal Raman microscopy is based on the detection of their specific Raman spectroscopic features, which are sufficiently different from vibrations of biomolecules. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used for quantitative analysis of NPs uptake. In our experiments, we used SVK14 cell line (human keratinocytes) as a biological material. Ag NPs are taken up by mammalian cells by such mechanisms as pinocytosis, endocytosis dependent on caveolae and lipid raft composition, clathrin-dependent endocytosis and phagocytosis. Some of our results indicated that the properties of silver nanomaterials do not comply with the parameters established by the manufactures.