Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dedicating time to volunteering

A moderated mediation model was developed to explain the variation in the amount of time volunteers dedicate to their chosen voluntary cause. Data from 534 volunteers of an international aid and development agency in the United Kingdom revealed a positive relationship between prosocial values and time spent volunteering. The results also show that volunteer engagement fully mediated the relationship between the value motive and time spent volunteering, and the strength of the mediated effect varied as a function of volunteers' commitment to beneficiaries. These findings provide a new perspective on the link between volunteers' motivation and active participation in volunteer activities. Implications for practice and future research directions are discussed.
Combination of singular value decomposition and K-means clustering methods for topic detection on Twitter

Online social media are growing very rapidly in recent years, such as Twitter. Even the interaction and communication in the social media can reflect on the events of the real world. This causes the value of the information increasing significantly. However, the huge amount of the information requires a method of automatically detecting topics, one of which is the K-means Clustering. Moreover, the large dimensions of data become obstacles. So, we used singular value decomposition (SVD) to reduce the dimension of the data prior to the learning process using the K-means Clustering. The accuracy of the combination of SVD and K-means Clustering methods showed comparative results, while the computation time required is likely to be faster than the method of K-means Clustering without any reduction in advance.
User‐Created Education

There is today, in the sciences or in logic, the beginning of a theory of systems said to be open, systems founded upon interactions, that refuse linear causation and transform the notion of time. What Guattari and I call rhizome is precisely the case of an open system. I return to the question: what is philosophy? For the response to this question should be very simple indeed. Everyone knows that philosophy deals with concepts. A system is a set of concepts. An open system—that happens only when concepts are referenced to circumstances or events and no longer to essences.Yet concepts are not ready-made ‘givens’ and have no pre-existence: one needs to invent them, one needs to create them, and there is as much creation and invention in this as there is in art or in science. (Gilles Deleuze [1990, p. 32] ‘On A Thousand Plateaus’, Negotiations)
Effect of irbesartan and enalapril in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome: results of the randomized, double-blind ARCHIPELAGO study.

AIMS This study investigated the effects of irbesartan vs. enalapril, with early vs. late treatment, on markers of inflammation and ischaemic heart disease in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS). METHODS AND RESULTS Patients hospitalized with ischaemic symptoms and evidence of NSTEACS were randomized to early (at hospitalization) or late (at hospital discharge) treatment with irbesartan 150 mg/day followed by 300 mg/day on day 15 (n = 212) or enalapril 10 mg/day followed by 20 mg/day on day 15 (n = 217) to day 60. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-C-reactive protein) at day 60; secondary endpoints included changes in troponin I, B-type natriuretic peptide, microalbuminuria, interleukin 6, myeloperoxidase, secretory non-pancreatic type II phospholipase A2, ischaemia-modified albumin, soluble CD40 ligand, matrix metalloproteinase-9, aldosterone, and blood pressure. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were comparable in both the irbesartan and enalapril treatment arms. There were no treatment-related differences in any of the biomarkers measured. Changes in inflammatory markers were unaffected by the timing of treatment initiation. Both treatments were well tolerated, with no differences in major adverse cardiac events. CONCLUSION In patients with NSTEACS, inflammatory markers decreased over time in both treatment arms, with no differences between irbesartan and enalapril.
Perfusion Imaging Using Arterial Spin Labeling

Abstract: Arterial spin labeling is a magnetic resonance method for the measurement of cerebral blood flow. In its simplest form, the perfusion contrast in the images gathered by this technique comes from the subtraction of two successively acquired images: one with, and one without, proximal labeling of arterial water spins after a small delay time. Over the last decade, the method has moved from the experimental laboratory to the clinical environment. Furthermore, numerous improvements, ranging from new pulse sequence implementations to extensive theoretical studies, have broadened its reach and extended its potential applications. In this review, the multiple facets of this powerful yet difficult technique are discussed. Different implementations are compared, the theoretical background is summarized, and potential applications of various implementations in research as well as in the daily clinical routine are proposed. Finally, a summary of the new developments and emerging techniques in this field is provided.
Merger Simulation in a Two-Sided Market: The Case of the Dutch Daily Newspapers

We develop a structural econometric framework that allows us to simulate the effects of mergers among two-sided platforms selling differentiated products. We apply the proposed methodology to the Dutch newspaper industry. Our structural model encompasses demands for differentiated products on both sides of the market and profit maximization by competing oligopolistic publishers who choose subscription and advertising prices, while taking the interactions between the two-sides of the market into account. We measure the sign and size of the indirect network effects between the two sides of the market and simulate the effects of a hypothetical merger on prices and welfare.
Self-Efficacy, Reflection, and Achievement: A Short-Term Longitudinal Examination

ABSTRACT This short-term longitudinal study involved the inclusion of personal self-efficacy and the 4 categories of reflective thinking practice within 1 conceptual framework. Using structural equation modeling, the author explored the temporally displaced effects of prior performance (Time 1) on self-efficacy (Time 2, Time 3) and the four categories of reflective thinking (Time 4). Similarly, the examination included the temporally displaced effect of self-efficacy on the four categories of reflective thinking and whether these 2 theoretical constructs would influence academic performance (Time 5). First-year university students (N = 269) were administered 2 inventories (Motivated Strategies and Learning Questionnaire, Reflective Thinking Questionnaire) that measured self-efficacy and the four categories of reflective thinking. The results showed that the hypothesized structural paths, in general, were supported—for example, the predictive effect of prior performance at Time 1 on self-efficacy at Time 2, and the predictive effects of self-efficacy at Time 2 and Time 3 on academic performance at Time 5. The decomposition of effects also suggests the possible mediating mechanisms of self-efficacy and reflective thinking.
Definite and indefinite reference: a crosslinguistic study of children's acquisition of determiner functions

evidence from a study of the relationship between maternal speech characteristics at 10 words and measures of vocabulary composition at 50 and 100 words which provides strong support for this more analytic approach. That is to say, by explicitly distinguishing formal and functional levels of description, it demonstrates relationships between early vocabulary composition and the formal characteristics of maternal speech which are not present when a more functional analysis is performed. This suggests that the best predictors of early differences in vocabulary composition are not so much the pragmatics of maternal speech as structural features of the input to which they give rise.
Derlin-1 promotes ubiquitylation and degradation of the epithelial Na+ channel, ENaC

ABSTRACT Ubiquitylation of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) plays a critical role in cellular functions, including transmembrane transport of Na+, Na+ and water balance, and blood pressure stabilization. Published studies have suggested that ENaC subunits are targets of ER-related degradation (ERAD) in yeast systems. However, the molecular mechanism underlying proteasome-mediated degradation of ENaC subunits remains to be established. Derlin-1, an E3 ligase mediator, links recognized target proteins to ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation in the cytosol. In the present study, we found that derlin-1 suppressed the expression of ENaC at the protein level and that the subunit α-ENaC (also known as SCNN1A) physically interacted with derlin-1 at the membrane-anchored domains or the loop regions, and that derlin-1 initiated α-ENaC retrotranslocation. In addition, HUWE1, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident E3 ubiquitin ligase, was recruited and promoted K11-linked polyubiquitylation of α-ENaC and, hence, formation of an α-ENaC ubiquitin-mediated degradation complex. These findings suggest that derlin-1 promotes ENaC ubiquitylation and enhances ENaC ubiquitin- mediated proteasome degradation. The derlin-1 pathway therefore may represent a significant early checkpoint in the recognition and degradation of ENaC in mammalian cells. Summary: Derlin-1 binds to ENaC and promotes its ubiquitylation and degradation via ER-related degradation. The E3 ligase HUWE1 is required and adds K11-linked ubiquitin chains to ENaC prompting its degradation.
A biologic definition of Burkitt's lymphoma from transcriptional and genomic profiling.

BACKGROUND The distinction between Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma is unclear. We used transcriptional and genomic profiling to define Burkitt's lymphoma more precisely and to distinguish subgroups in other types of mature aggressive B-cell lymphomas. METHODS We performed gene-expression profiling using Affymetrix U133A GeneChips with RNA from 220 mature aggressive B-cell lymphomas, including a core group of 8 Burkitt's lymphomas that met all World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. A molecular signature for Burkitt's lymphoma was generated, and chromosomal abnormalities were detected with interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization and array-based comparative genomic hybridization. RESULTS We used the molecular signature for Burkitt's lymphoma to identify 44 cases: 11 had the morphologic features of diffuse large-B-cell lymphomas, 4 were unclassifiable mature aggressive B-cell lymphomas, and 29 had a classic or atypical Burkitt's morphologic appearance. Also, five did not have a detectable IG-myc Burkitt's translocation, whereas the others contained an IG-myc fusion, mostly in simple karyotypes. Of the 176 lymphomas without the molecular signature for Burkitt's lymphoma, 155 were diffuse large-B-cell lymphomas. Of these 155 cases, 21 percent had a chromosomal breakpoint at the myc locus associated with complex chromosomal changes and an unfavorable clinical course. CONCLUSIONS Our molecular definition of Burkitt's lymphoma clarifies and extends the spectrum of the WHO criteria for Burkitt's lymphoma. In mature aggressive B-cell lymphomas without a gene signature for Burkitt's lymphoma, chromosomal breakpoints at the myc locus were associated with an adverse clinical outcome.
The team portfolio: a support and evaluation tool? Findings from a teacher professional development programme in Germany

The study reported in this article draws upon data collected for the programme ‘Increasing the Efficiency of Mathematics and Science instruction’ (SINUS-Transfer), a professional development project in Germany. This programme’s approach requires teachers to improve their teaching in a cooperative manner and with regard to pedagogical problem areas in classrooms. A customized portfolio concept was developed to address the portfolio method as a means of supporting and evaluating teacher professional development. The teachers’ acceptance of the method is considered to be the central prerequisite for successful use of the portfolio; therefore, the main question investigated in this paper is how teachers assess the portfolio. Results of latent-class analyses show that acceptance of the portfolio differs widely for different groups of teachers. The study provides indicators on requirements that have to be met in order to effectively use the portfolio as a tool for evaluation.
Location Verification of Wireless Internet Clients: Evaluation and Improvements

Client Presence Verification (CPV) was proposed in previous literature as a delay-based location verification algorithm that iteratively estimates Internet delays to corroborate assertions about a client’s geographic presence in a prescribed region, e.g., before granting access to a location-based service. We evaluate CPV’s performance in the presence of clients that use 802.11 networks by analyzing the following factors: the number of such clients in the network, how far adversaries are from their true locations, and the number of CPV iterations required to neutralize the effect of wireless networks. We use a mix of real-world traffic measurements from PlanetLab and existing wireless-delay probability models to create the evaluation datasets. The results indicate that, while wireless delays affect CPV’s performance (e.g., from 3 to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$ </tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="abdou-ieq1-2608827.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>4.7 percent false reject/accept rates), CPV can mitigate the impact of such delays by performing more delay measurements prior to location verification. This work highlights the importance of including mitigation capabilities while designing security-sensitive applications and protocols to deal with the effect of wireless delays. This will become increasingly important with the ubiquitous use of mobile devices that is expected to increase with the introduction of new computing and communication paradigms such as the Internet of Things.
Ascending Auctions and Linear Programming

Based on the relationship between dual variables and sealed-bid Vickrey auction payments (established by Bikhchandani and Ostroy), we consider simpler, specific formulations for various environments. For some of those formulations, we interpret primal-dual algorithms as ascending auctions implementing the Vickrey payments. We focus on three classic optimization problems: assignment, matroid, and shortest-path problems.
Absorption spectrum (380-700 nm) of pure water. II. Integrating cavity measurements.

Definitive data on the absorption spectrum of pure water from 380 to 700 nm have been obtained with an integrating cavity technique. The results are in good agreement with those recently obtained by our group with a completely independent photothermal technique. As before, we find that the absorption in the blue is significantly lower than had previously been generally believed and that the absorption minimum is at a significantly shorter wavelength, i.e., 0.0044 ? 0.0006 m(-1) at 418 nm. Several spectroscopic features have been identified in the visible spectrum to our knowledge for the first time.
The difference between living biblically and just imagining it: A study on experiential-based learning among Swedish adolescents

As an assignment in their course on worldwide religions, a group of Swedish High School pupils followed 12 biblical rules for two weeks, while another group from the same school just imagined the experience. Groups were asked to reflect and write down either how it was (experience) or how it would have been (imagine) to follow the rules. By applying a semantic test, based on a Latent Semantic Analysis generated representation of the statements, we first found that the semantic representations of the written reflections differed between the experience and imagine groups, and between gender. Analysis of word frequency count suggests that the group that followed the rules were more likely to use words related to their task in their reflections, while the group that imagined the experience generated words related to themself and problems. The results suggest that the consequences of learning by experience might culminate in greater student engagement.
A Systematic Review on the Epidemiological Data of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum, a Type 2 Leprosy Reaction

Background Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) is a humoral immunological response in leprosy that leads to inflammatory skin nodules which may result in nerve and organ damage, and may occur years after antibiotic treatment. Multiple episodes are frequent and suppression requires high doses of immunosuppressive drugs. Global occurrence is unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings Systematic review of evidence on ENL incidence resulted in 65 papers, predominantly from India (24) and Brazil (9), and inclusive of four reviews. Average incidences are based on cumulative incidence and size of study populations (n>100). In field-based studies 653/54,737 (1.2%) of all leprosy cases, 194/4,279 (4.5%) of MB cases, and 86/560 (15.4%) of LL cases develop ENL. Some studies found a range of 1–8 per 100 person-years-at-risk (PYAR) amongst MB cases. Hospital samples indicate that 2,393/17,513 (13.7%) of MB cases develop ENL. Regional differences could not be confirmed. Multiple ENL episodes occurred in 39 to 77% of ENL patients, with an average of 2.6. Some studies find a peak in ENL incidence in the first year of treatment, others during the second and third year after starting MDT. The main risk factor for ENL is a high bacteriological index. Conclusions/Significance Few studies reported on ENL as a primary outcome, and definitions of ENL differed between studies. Although, in this review averages are presented, accurate data on global and regional ENL incidence is lacking. Large prospective studies or accurate surveillance data would be required to clarify this. Health staff needs to be aware of late reactions, as new ENL may develop as late as five years after MDT completion, and reoccurrences up to 8 years afterwards.
A Two-dimensional Approach to Job Insecurity: Consequences for Employee Attitudes and Well-being

The issue of job insecurity has received growing recognition in connection with increased unemployment and the use of large workforce reductions to improve organizational effectiveness and competitive ability. Although research suggests that job insecurity is negatively related to employee work attitudes and well-being, some issues concerning these relationships have not yet been fully addressed. First, concerns about the continued existence of one's job (quantitative insecurity) and important job features (qualitative insecurity) could relate differently to the outcomes. Second, empirical research has not systematically controlled for mood dispositions, although a growing body of literature suggests that this should be a standard procedure when self-rated stress reactions are measured. Third, most studies are cross-sectional and thus unable to control for prior levels of the outcome variables. Based on longitudinal data from a Swedish organization undergoing downsizing (N =375), this study revealed that .
Kinesin's processivity results from mechanical and chemical coordination between the ATP hydrolysis cycles of the two motor domains.

Kinesin is a processive motor protein: A single molecule can walk continuously along a microtubule for several micrometers, taking hundreds of 8-nm steps without dissociating. To elucidate the biochemical and structural basis for processivity, we have engineered a heterodimeric one-headed kinesin and compared its biochemical properties to those of the wild-type two-headed molecule. Our construct retains the functionally important neck and tail domains and supports motility in high-density microtubule gliding assays, though it fails to move at the single-molecule level. We find that the ATPase rate of one-headed kinesin is 3-6 s(-1) and that detachment from the microtubule occurs at a similar rate (3 s(-1)). This establishes that one-headed kinesin usually detaches once per ATP hydrolysis cycle. Furthermore, we identify the rate-limiting step in the one-headed hydrolysis cycle as detachment from the microtubule in the ADP.P(i) state. Because the ATPase and detachment rates are roughly an order of magnitude lower than the corresponding rates for two-headed kinesin, the detachment of one head in the homodimer (in the ADP.P(i) state) must be accelerated by the other head. We hypothesize that this results from internal strain generated when the second head binds. This idea accords with a hand-over-hand model for processivity in which the release of the trailing head is contingent on the binding of the forward head. These new results, together with previously published ones, allow us to propose a pathway that defines the chemical and mechanical cycle for two-headed kinesin.
A Critical Theory of Adult Learning and Education

Interpreting the ideas of Jurgen Habermas, the nature of three generic domains of adult learning is posited, each with its own interpretive categories, ways of determining which knowledge claims are warranted, methods of inquiry as well as its own learning goals, learning needs and modes of educational intervention. Perspective transformation is seen as one of the learning domains and the domain most uniquely adult. The nature and etiology of perspective transformation is elaborated with particular focus on the function of reification and of reflectivity. Implications of a critical theory for self-directed learning and adult education are explored. A Charter for Andragogy is suggested.
Migrants' Social Rights, Ethnicity and Welfare Regimes

Comparative welfare state research has devoted little attention to the social rights of migrants or the ethnic/racial dimension, even though societies are becoming more ethnically diverse through international migration. Using data from the Luxembourg Income Study for the UK, the USA, Germany, France, Denmark and Sweden, this article represents an initial attempt to compare the social rights of migrants and citizens across welfare regimes. We examine the substantive social rights of migrants and ethnic minorities by focusing on their participation in social transfer programmes, and the impact of transfers on their ability to maintain a socially acceptable standard of living compared with the rest of the population. The analysis shows that there are major disparities between how migrant and citizen households fare in welfare states, and that the discrepancies widen for migrants of colour. When the analysis is confined to citizen households, the results largely correspond to the expected performance of welfare regimes. However, when migrants are incorporated into the analysis, intra-regime variations stand out in the case of the liberal and social democratic countries.