Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of proteinuria and renal failure among women with HIV infection.

BACKGROUND Glomerular disease with proteinuria and renal failure are complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. While studies suggest risk factors for both include black race and lower CD4 lymphocyte count, they have not been established in population-based cohorts. This study examines the risk factors for proteinuria and renal failure in a large cohort of HIV-infected women not selected for the presence of renal disease. METHODS This prospective cohort includes 2059 women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV study (WIHS). WIHS is a longitudinal study of the clinical course of HIV infection in which subjects are followed biannually with a detailed exam including urine analysis, serum creatinine, CD4 lymphocyte count, and HIV RNA level. Proteinuria was defined as > or =+1 on urine dipstick exam on at least two consecutive urine analyses, and renal failure was defined as a doubling of serum creatinine. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between clinical variables and the presence of proteinuria on initial evaluation in a cross-sectional analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the associations between clinical variables and time to renal failure among study participants with proteinuria in a prospective longitudinal analysis. RESULTS Of 2057 HIV-positive women, 32% (N=671) had proteinuria on initial evaluation. Predictors of proteinuria include increasing (log) HIV RNA level [odds ratio (OR)=1.05], black race (OR=2.0), absolute CD4 lymphocyte count < or =200 cells/mm3 (OR=1.41), and the presence of hepatitis C antibody (OR=1.27; all P < 0.0001). Absolute CD4 lymphocyte count < or =200 cells/mm3 [hazard ratio (HR)=3.57, P=0.001], detectable HIV RNA level (HR=2.33, P=0.02), increasing systolic blood pressure (HR=1.02, P=0.002), and decreasing albumin (HR=3.33, P=0.0001) and increasing creatinine (1.67, P=0.0001) were all associated with the development of renal failure. CONCLUSIONS This analysis establishes the associations between both increasing HIV RNA level and decreasing CD4 lymphocyte count with the presence of proteinuria and occurrence of renal failure. Additionally, it demonstrates an association between proteinuria and a positive hepatitis C antibody. To lessen the presence and progression of renal disease among HIV-infected patients, future research should focus on suppression of the HIV RNA level and improvement in CD4 lymphocyte count.
Adoptive transfer of regulatory NKT lymphocytes ameliorates non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and glucose intolerance in ob/ob mice and is associated with intrahepatic CD8 trapping

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adoptive transfer of regulatory natural killer T (NKT) lymphocytes on the metabolic disorder in leptin‐deficient ob/ob mice, which feature depletion and defective function of NKT and CD4 lymphocytes. Leptin‐deficient ob/ob mice were subjected to transplantation of 1 × 106 of either ob/ob or wild‐type‐derived NKT lymphocytes, or to transplantation of either ob/ob or wild‐type‐derived splenocytes. The effect on hepatic fat content was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (signal intensity index) and histology, using the steatohepatitis grading scale. The degree of glucose intolerance was measured by an oral glucose tolerance test (GTT). Adoptive transfer of wild‐type or ob/ob‐derived regulatory NKT cells led to a 12% decrease in hepatic fat content. A significant histological shift from macrosteatosis to microsteatosis was observed. Marked improvement in the GTT was noted in wild‐type or ob/ob‐derived NKT recipients. Metabolic effects were associated with a significant decrease in peripheral and intrahepatic CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratios. Intrahepatic CD8 trapping was observed in all responders. Serum interleukin 10 levels decreased significantly. In conclusion, adoptive transfer of a relatively small number of regulatory NKT lymphocytes into ob/ob mice results in a significant reduction in hepatic fat content, a shift from macro to microsteatosis, and significant improvement in glucose intolerance. These effects were associated with decreased peripheral and intrahepatic CD4/CD8 ratios and decreased interleukin 10 levels. The results further support a role for regulatory NKT lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in the leptin‐deficient murine model. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ECHOGRAM IN MELANOMA OF THE CHOROID*

DiAGNOSIS isoften difficult inmelanoma ofthechoroid. Thisisevidenced e.g. byfrequent misdiagnosings which cometolight only after theenucleation ofthebulbus (Reese, 1957) andbynumerous moreorless reliable methods ofexamination which havebeenapplied forthedetermination ofthis tumour. Amongthelatest and, judging bytheinitial results, themostreliable methods ofexamination isthediagnostic useoftheechogram. MundtandHughes (1956) andOksala andLehtinen (1957) werethefirst touseultrasound inthediagnosis ofintrabulbar tumours.Theseinvestigators found that, eveninthose cases inwhichophthalmoscopic exploration ofthetumourwasprevented bydetachment oftheretina oropacity ofthe intermediary substances oftheeye,itwaspossible todiagnose theintrabulbar tumourwith ahigh degree ofcertainty bymeansofechoes registered byanultrasonic apparatus. Oksala andLehtinen cametotheconclusion thattheechoes reflected fromachoroidal melanoma could bepositively observed onthescreen oftheBrauntubeevenatthestage whentheheight ofthetumourwasonly about 2-3mm. Onthebasis ofthese observations theechogram traced byamelanoma ofthechoroid wasmarkedbythe typical feature thatthetumourtissue produced onthescreen anirregular accumulation ofechoes, theechogram varying somewhat according tothe direction ofinvestigation. Theline traced bytheechoandvisualized onthescreen didnotreturn to thezero-line after having encountered thetumour.Thisfinding wasbased ontheechogram obtained fromonepatient withmelanoma ofthechoroid. Inthis casethetumourwasfairly small, its height being 4-5mm. Iftheintrabulbar tumourislarger, weshall ofcourse obtain onthescreen alonger echogram whichismoreeasily examined. Inthefirst patient now reported bymethechoroidal melanoma could notbediagnosed before the tumourhadgrowntoaheight of10mm. A disease ofthis kindprovided afirst-rate opportunity ofstudying theechogram given offbymelanoma of thechoroid. Since theliterature dealing withthis newmethodofresearch isveryscanty, andsince itisbynomeansalways easytointerpret echogramsproduced byvarious diseases oftheeye, areport oftwocases together withtheresults ofinvestigation appears justified.
Development of Protective Immunity in New Zealand White Rabbits Challenged with Bacillus anthracis Spores and Treated with Antibiotics and Obiltoxaximab, a Monoclonal Antibody against Protective Antigen

ABSTRACT The recommended management of inhalational anthrax, a high-priority bioterrorist threat, includes antibiotics and antitoxins. Obiltoxaximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against anthrax protective antigen (PA), is licensed under the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Animal Rule for the treatment of inhalational anthrax. Because of spore latency, disease reemergence after treatment cessation is a concern, and there is a need to understand the development of endogenous protective immune responses following antitoxin-containing anthrax treatment regimens. Here, acquired protective immunity was examined in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits challenged with a targeted lethal dose of Bacillus anthracis spores and treated with antibiotics, obiltoxaximab, or a combination of both. Survivors of the primary challenge were rechallenged 9 months later and monitored for survival. Survival rates after primary and rechallenge for controls and animals treated with obiltoxaximab, levofloxacin, or a combination of both were 0, 65, 100, and 95%, and 0, 100, 95, and 89%, respectively. All surviving immune animals had circulating antibodies to PA and serum toxin-neutralizing titers prior to rechallenge. Following rechallenge, systemic bacteremia and toxemia were not detected in most animals, and the levels of circulating anti-PA IgG titers increased starting at 5 days postrechallenge. We conclude that treatment with obiltoxaximab, alone or combined with antibiotics, significantly improves the survival of rabbits that received a lethal inhalation B. anthracis spore challenge dose and does not interfere with the development of immunity. Survivors of primary challenge are protected against reexposure, have rare incidents of systemic bacteremia and toxemia, and have evidence of an anamnestic response.
DISCOVERY OF A COMPANION AT THE L/T TRANSITION WITH THE WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY EXPLORER

We report the discovery of a substellar companion to the nearby solar-type star HD 46588 (F7V, 17.9 pc, τ ∼ 3 Gyr). HD 46588 B was found through a survey for common proper motion companions to nearby stars using data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). It has an angular separation of 79. ″2 from its primary, which corresponds to a projected physical separation of 1420 AU. We have measured a spectral type of L9 for this object based on near-infrared spectroscopy performed with TripleSpec at Palomar Observatory. We estimate a mass of 0.064+0.008− 0.019 M☉ from a comparison of its luminosity to the values predicted by theoretical evolutionary models for the age of the primary. Because of its companionship to a well-studied star, HD 46588 B is one of the few known brown dwarfs at the L/T transition for which both age and distance estimates are available. Thus, it offers new constraints on the properties of brown dwarfs during this brief evolutionary phase. The discovery of HD 46588 B also illustrates the value of the WISE for identifying brown dwarfs in the solar neighborhood via their proper motions.
Affirmative Action and Human Capital Investment: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment

We conduct a field experiment paying students according to relative performance on a mathematics exam and tracking study efforts on a mathematics website to test the incentive effects of affirmative action (AA) policies on study effort and math proficiency. AA increases study effort and exam performance for the majority of disadvantaged students targeted by the policy. While the performance of the highest-ability students targeted by the AA policy declines, on average study activity and exam performance rise under AA. Overall, the experimental evidence suggests that AA can promote greater equality of market outcomes while narrowing achievement gaps.
Cross-lingual and Supervised Models for Morphosyntactic Annotation: a Comparison on Romanian

Because of the small size of Romanian corpora, the performance of a PoS tagger or a dependency parser trained with the standard supervised methods fall far short from the performance achieved in most languages. That is why, we apply state-of-the-art methods for cross-lingual transfer on Romanian tagging and parsing, from English and several Romance languages. We compare the performance with monolingual systems trained with sets of different sizes and establish that training on a few sentences in target language yields better results than transferring from large datasets in other languages.
INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH FABA BEAN, VICIA FABA (FABALES: FABACEAE), IN SOUTHERN FLORIDA

Abstract One hundred faba bean (Vicia faba L., Fabales: Fabaceae) accessions from the USDA-NSSL Seed Repository in Prosser, WA were grown outdoors in southern Florida from December 2000 through April 2001 and October 2001 through April 2002 to both evaluate their potential as a forage crop and to initiate selections of superior genotypes. Insect herbivores and their predators were observed for feeding associations and collected for identification throughout the two seasons of trials. Sixty-one species of insect herbivores and nectaring predators and parasitoids were observed feeding on or were captured on faba bean leaves, stems, flowers, extra-floral nectaries or pods. Additionally, thirty-two species of predacious and parasitic insects were observed eating herbivorous insects or captured while searching for prey or hosts on faba beans plants. The most significant damage was caused by large populations of Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphidae) that fed on terminals and young leaf and stem tissue. Six Coccinellidae species fed upon aphids and reproduced on the crop. Pods were damaged by reproducing populations of Leptoglossus phyllopus (L.) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).
Background suppressed shapelet features used for vehicle detection

In this paper, we address the problem of detecting vehicles in road surveillance videos. An algorithm for learning background suppressed shapelet features, a set of middle-level features, is proposed. This new algorithm is based on motion detection [1-10] and learning shapelet features [18]. First, moving objects are detected; then, background suppressed shapelet features are extracted to train a classifier which classify those objects into two classes: vehicles and non-vehicles. The difference between background suppressed shapelet features and original shapelet features is that the former one utilizes some background suppression techniques to suppress the gradients in the background areas to eliminate the influence of those gradients while the latter one does not. Experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms the original shapelet algorithm.
Mechanisms of Cyclic AMP Regulation in Cerebral Anoxia and Their Relationship to Glycogenolysis

Abstract: Anoxia elevates levels of cyclic AMP and depresses levels of cyclic GMP in cerebral cortex of mice. Similar effects are also observed in other regions of the brain. Aminophylline inhibits accumulation of cyclic AMP about 50% in hippocampus and cerebellum, but not in cerebral cortex and striaturn; however, this effect requires high doses (250 mgikg). Pretreatment of animals with reserpine, which depletes brain stores of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin, and also produces sedation and mild hypothermia, markedly inhibits accumulation of cyclic AMP in all regions of anoxic brain. Destruction of norepinephrine terminals by treatment of neonatal animals with 6‐OH‐ dopamine, which does not sedate or produce hypothermia, has an effect on cyclic AMP levels similar to that of reserpine. None of the above treatments modifies the effect of anoxia on cyclic GMP levels. These data indicate that norepinephrine is a major regulator of cyclic AMP levels in anoxic brain and that adenosine and, perhaps, other unidentified substances have lesser roles in this process. In contrast, biogenic amines and adenosine appear to have no effect on cyclic GMP regulation in anoxic brain. Reserpine slows the activation of phosphorylase and the utilization of ATP, and slightly attenuates the breakdown of glycogen caused by anoxia, but has no effect on the changes in glucose, lactate, or phosphocreatine. In contrast, 6‐OH‐dopamine has no effect on any of these anoxiainduced changes. It is concluded that the effect of reserpine on phosphorylase, glycogen, and ATP is most likely related to the hypothermic and sedative effect of the drug, and that either cyclic AMP is not responsible for initiating glycogenolysis in anoxic brain or only a small rise in cyclic AMP levels is necessary for this process.
An improved immune Q-learning algorithm

Reinforcement learning is a framework in which an agent can learn behavior without knowledge on a task or an environment by exploration and exploitation. Striking a balance between exploration and exploitation is one of the key problems of action selection in reinforcement learning. Exploitation causes the agent to reach a locally optimal policy quickly, whereas excessive exploration degrades the performance of the algorithm, though it may improve the learning performance and escape from a locally optimal policy. Recently the human immune systems have aroused researcher's interest due to its useful mechanisms which can be exploited for information processing in a complex cognition system. In this paper, we transplant some immune mechanisms into the basic Q-learning algorithm and convert Q-learning algorithm into a search for the optimum solution in combinatorial optimization. Experiments show that the improved Q-learning converges more quickly than Q-learning or Boltzmann exploration, and easily obtains the global solution set.
Ownership Strategy of Multinational Enterprises and the Impacts of Regulative and Normative Institutional Distance: Evidence from Finnish Foreign Direct Investments in Central and Eastern Europe

This study is one of the first to address the ownership strategy of multinational enterprises from the Nordic region using the concepts of regulative and normative institutional distance. This study contributes to the application of the institutional distance concept in foreign market entry studies. The results of our study challenge some of the findings of the previous studies due to unique sample and settings of the study. Based on a sample of 345 foreign direct investments (FDIs) made by 122 Finnish firms in 11 Central and Eastern European countries during 1990–2007, we found out that high normative institutional distance leads to the preference for wholly owned subsidiaries, which is opposite to our hypothesis and findings of previous studies. Moreover, the impacts of regulative institutional distance and international experience of the firm on ownership strategy are found to be nonsignificant in our study.
Boosting performance on low-resource languages by standard corpora: An analysis

In this paper, we analyze the feasibility of using single well-resourced language - English - as a source language for multilingual techniques in context of Stacked Bottle-Neck tandem system. The effect of amount of data and number of tied-states in the source language on performance of ported system is evaluated together with different porting strategies. Generally, increasing data amount and level-of-detail both is positive. A greater effect is observed for increasing number of tied states. The modified neural network structure, shown useful for multilingual porting, was also evaluated with its specific porting procedure. Using original NN structure in combination with modified porting adapt-adapt strategy was fount as best. It achieves relative improvement 3.5–8.8% on variety of target languages. These results are comparable with using multilingual NNs pretrained on 7 languages.
Therapeutic Discovery MicroRNA-199 a-3 p Is Downregulated in Human Osteosarcoma and Regulates Cell Proliferation and Migration

microRNAs (miRNA,miR)playan important role in cancer cell growthandmigration;however, thepotential roles of miRNAs in osteosarcoma remain largely uncharacterized. By applying a miRNAmicroarray platform and unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis, we found that several miRNAs have altered expression levels in osteosarcoma cell lines and tumor tissues when compared with normal human osteoblasts. Three miRNAs, miR-199a-3p, miR-127-3p, and miR-376c, were significantly decreased in osteosarcoma cell lines, whereas miR-151-3p and miR-191 were increased in osteosarcoma cell lines in comparison with osteoblasts. Transfection of precursor miR-199a-3p into osteosarcoma cell lines significantly decreased cell growth and migration, thus indicating that the inhibition effect is associatedwith an increase in theG1-phase and a decrease of the S-phase cell population. In addition, we observed decreasedmTOR and Stat3 expression in miR-199a-3p transfected cells. This study provides new insights formiRNAs in osteosarcoma and suggests thatmiR-199a-3p mayplay a functional role in osteosarcoma cell growth andproliferation. RestoringmiR-199a-3p’s functionmay provide therapeutic benefits in osteosarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(8); 1337–45. 2011 AACR.
Study on navigation system to arbitrary direction for autonomous aerial robot with quad-rotor

In this report, an autonomous aerial flying robot with quad-rotor mechanism is described. The authors propose formulation separating into attitude control term and height control term, and construct navigation system for arbitrary direction of 3-axis. The formulation proposed here for the quad-rotor system is analytically conducted by static constrain condition, the equations obtained by dynamics formulation is consisted as two terms consisting of the term for height control and the term for 3-axis attitude control. And more to equip the formulation, PD controller for attitude and height control system is used. For verifying the effectiveness of constructed navigation control system, experiments of navigation of arbitrary azimuth direction and height measurement are executed and the obtained result are estimated.
Habit Formation and Lifetime Portfolio Selection

We solve for optimal consumption and portfolio rules in a discrete-time economy for an agent with long-memory habit. Our specification encompasses that in which the habit stock equals consumption in the previous period, as well as that of a constant subsistence level. We show important differences in the policies for the two special cases, and investigate the implications for life cycle portfolio choice. Our main finding is that habit formation can explain both hump-shaped and decreasing risky investment over the life cycle. Finally, we contrast the results of habit formation in discrete time and in continuous time.
Residual dipolar couplings between quadrupolar nuclei in solid state nuclear magnetic resonance at arbitrary fields

Second-order dipolar effects arise when a nucleus S is in close proximity to a quadrupolar spin I. These couplings originate from cross correlations between quadrupolar and dipolar interactions, and have the notable characteristic of not being susceptible to averaging by magic-angle-spinning. Therefore they can originate noticeable splittings in high resolution solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, as has been observed repeatedly for S=1/2. With the advent of high resolution half-integer quadrupole spectroscopy, such effects have now also been noticed in higher (S=3/2,5/2,…) spin systems. Within the last year these couplings have been reported for a number of complexes and analyzed in the high-field limit, when I’s Larmor frequency largely exceeds its quadrupolar coupling. The present study discusses the generalization of these analyses to arbitrary quadrupolar/Zeeman ratios. The predictions of the essentially numerical treatment that results compare well with previously derived high-field.
"To see a world in a grain of sand": Towards Future-Oriented What-If Analysis in Narrative Research

In this article, I explore narrative building blocks for future-oriented what-if (i.e., possibilities-generating) analysis developed in a health promotion study. The aim of this study was to gain insight into future possibilities for good health among participants known for their poor health status. In narrative inquiry, imagining future possibilities and prospective temporal orientation are seldom regarded as interesting for their own sake, despite ample attention to the role of temporality. The methodological reflection in this article is complemented with a discussion of ethical issues (regarding authorship and representation) in the proposed method of analysis.