Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postsilicon Tuning of Standby Supply Voltage in SRAMs to Reduce Yield Losses Due to Parametric Data-Retention Failures

Lowering the supply voltage of static random access memories (SRAMs) during standby modes is an effective technique to reduce their leakage power consumption. To maximize leakage reductions, it is desirable to reduce the supply voltage as much as possible. SRAM cells can retain their data down to a certain voltage, called the data-retention voltage (DRV). Due to intra-die variations in process parameters, the DRV of cells differ within a single memory die. Hence, the minimum applicable standby voltage to a memory die (VDDLmin) is determined by the maximum DRV among its constituent cells. On the other hand, inter-die variations result in a die-to-die variation of VDDLmin. Applying an identical standby voltage to all dies, regardless of their corresponding VDDLmin, can result in the failure of some dies, due to data-retention failures (DRFs), entailing yield losses. In this work, we first show that the yield losses can be significant if the standby voltage of SRAMs is reduced aggressively. Then, we propose a postsilicon standby voltage tuning scheme to avoid the yield losses due to DRFs, while reducing the leakage currents effectively. Simulation results in a 45-nm predictive technology show that tuning standby voltage of SRAMs can enhance data-retention yield by 10%-50%.
Molecular structure of L‐lysyl‐L‐alanyl‐L‐alanine: A tripeptide found in histone H1

The crystal structure of L‐lysyl‐L‐alanyl‐L‐alanine hydrochloride has been determined by x‐ray diffraction. The peptide is in zwitterionic form with the carboxylic group deprotonated, and with positive charges both in the amino terminal and ϵ‐amino groups of lysine. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21 and Z = 4, with two peptide molecules in the asymmetric unit, which show different conformations. While one molecule has torsional angles for the Lys‐Ala peptide bond (φ2, φ2) in the β‐pleated sheet region, the values for the other molecule are close to those for the α‐helix. This molecular flexibility is of interest for the study of H1 histone, which contains this sequence repeated several times. The two lysine residues show fully extended side chains. Two methanol molecules and two acetonitrile molecules are also present in the unit cell. An extensive network of hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions stabilize the crystal structure.
Implantable microchip: the futuristic controlled drug delivery system

Abstract There is no doubt that controlled and pulsatile drug delivery system is an important challenge in medicine over the conventional drug delivery system in case of therapeutic efficacy. However, the conventional drug delivery systems often offer a limited by their inability to drug delivery which consists of systemic toxicity, narrow therapeutic window, complex dosing schedule for long term treatment etc. Therefore, there has been a search for the drug delivery system that exhibit broad enhancing activity for more drugs with less complication. More recently, some elegant study has noted that, a new type of micro-electrochemical system or MEMS-based drug delivery systems called microchip has been improved to overcome the problems related to conventional drug delivery. Moreover, micro-fabrication technology has enabled to develop the implantable controlled released microchip devices with improved drug administration and patient compliance. In this article, we have presented an overview of the investigations on the feasibility and application of microchip as an advanced drug delivery system. Commercial manufacturing materials and methods, related other research works and current advancement of the microchips for controlled drug delivery have also been summarized.
Synthesis and characterization of isoprene oligomers to compare different production chemical processes

Obstract Three methods to obtain isoprene oligomers were evaluated: chemical degradation of non-vulcanized coagulated natural rubber; chemical degradation of natural rubber latex; and oligomerization of the isoprene monomer. The products were characterized by infrared spectrometry (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). All the three processes were efficient and can be controlled in order to obtain products with desired molar mass. Among the degradation processes, the reaction with the non-vulcanized rubber led to the purest products, but this process has the disadvantage of relatively higher catalyst cost of the catalyst. Reactions of isoprene with free radical initiation produced oligomers under specific conditions: low isoprene concentration, low initiator concentration, and xylene as solvent. The results discussed here allows the readers to have a chemistry overview and experimental insights about different chemical routes to obtain isoprene oligomers, compiled together in the same work. It shall be helpful for applied chemistry
Group classification applications for analysis of discrete models of flow in porous media

This work is about examples of applications of group classifications for continuous (differential equations) and discrete models of flow in porous media. Difference schemes and discrete dynamical systems are considered as discrete models. Group classifications has been carried out on the basis of continuous groups (Lie groups) of transformations in n-dimensional Euclidean spaces. The example of explicit difference scheme for Buckley-Leverett equation has been demonstrated where the correspondence to one of classes of the obtained earlier classifications of discrete dynamical system has been shown. The example of fractal capillary network on the basis of Sierpinski triangle has been demonstrated for the group classification of discrete dynamical systems. The approach of continuous symmetry absence or presence proof has been demonstrated using classifications of discrete dynamical systems. Difference schemes with continuous symmetry groups for partial differential equations of parabolic type, which correspond to the equation of gas flow in porous media and Rapoport-Leas equation (generalized Buckley-Leverett equation), are considered. Examples of difference schemes for these cases are given and related to classes of the obtained earlier classifications. Applications of continuous symmetry groups for numerical solutions generations are demonstrated for these cases.
Affimer-based impedimetric biosensors : the new analytical platform for biorecognition applications

Thanks to their high sensitivity and specificity, short-processing times, low cost of production, small size, and no requirement for professional users, biosensors have increasingly gained popularity. Electrochemical impedance biosensors have successfully been applied to detect a wide range of target analytes including whole cells, proteins, and small molecules. However, there are some limitations, for example reproducibility and non-specific binding, which still require further development. The main objective of this thesis is to develop impedimetric biosensors using Affimers, novel non-antibody binding proteins, as bioreceptors to detect a small molecule target, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and a protein biomarker, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). Initial work in this thesis was the selection of Affimers using phage display technology. Affimers were selected from a phage library provided by the BioScreening Technology Group (BSTG) at the University of Leeds. The selected Affimer-encoding sequences were then subcloned into the pET expression vector and expressed in E.coli cells. Prior to using the selected Affimers for biosensor fabrication, specific interaction of the Affimers with their analytes was investigated using ELISA, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and immunoprecipitation (pull-down) assay. Even though none of the Affimers against DDT succeeded in binding specifically to DDT, some of the Affimers against FGFR3 showed binding to it and were then utilised for biosensor fabrication. Two sensor fabrication methods, the ELISHA “gluing” protocol and NeutrAvidin-biotin linkage, were tested and the latter one was selected for further study. By using the NeutrAvidin-biotin interaction method to functionalise the sensor surfaces, several parameters such as Affimer concentration, NeutrAvidin concentration and blocking agents to minimise non-specific binding were optimised. The fully fabricated Affimer-based biosensors were incubated with the analyte (FGFR3) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to interrogate FGFR3 binding. The data showed that the Affimer-based sensors could detect FGFR3 protein to very low levels. However, further optimisation is still needed in order to minimise non-specific binding effects and make the sensors work consistently. The work presented in this thesis is the first Affimer-based impedimetric biosensor for the detection of FGFR3, a promising biomarker for early diagnosis of bladder cancer. This sensor platform may not only provide an effective tool for bladder cancer surveillance, but also pave the way of designing a new analytical method for monitoring other protein biomarkers of disease.
Beyond WIMP : Designing NUIs to Support Productivity Document Tasks

After decades of WIMP-based computing, a paradigm shift is occurring in the consumer device landscape as touchscreen appliances and applications invade the market. In the professional office world, however, WIMP software still prevails for so-called "productivity" work for lack of adequate modern solutions. In this paper, I argue that for this status quo to start to change, interface designers and engineers need to free themselves from their lingering WIMP influences and think outside the box to create tailored NUIs that fully exploit the potential of the available interaction capabilities of new hardware. In the research community, there are a great number of inspiring approaches that can be built upon to create powerful applications with practical appeal for businesses. I provide a few pointers and suggestions about how this can be achieved, taking the particular case of document authoring as example. Author
Multifunctional structural supercapacitor based on graphene and magnesium phosphate cement

A novel structural supercapacitor is assembled with graphene electrodes and the magnesium phosphate cement separator. Magnesium phosphate cement acts as separator material for the first time due to its high strength and relatively high porosity. Magnesium phosphate cement is synthesized by acid-based reaction between phosphate and magnesia. Effects of processing parameters of magnesium phosphate cement, including M/P ratio and the curing time, on the electrochemical and mechanical properties are investigated. The maximum specific capacitance is as high as 46.38 F g−1 with M/P ratio of 3 at the curing time of 1 day. Moreover, the structural supercapacitor exhibits a specific capacitance of 40.92 F g−1 and simultaneously a compressive strength of 24.59 MPa with the M/P ratio of 3 at the curing time of 28 days. Thus, the optimal M/P ratio is 3 regarding the multifunctionality of structural supercapacitor.
Towards machine mind evolution

We introduce the principles of symbolization and conceptualization of perceived reality. We show them as processes that are applicable inside of a computer mind. We derive those processes from principles of a human mind. We present process of higher order regular abstraction and state automata acceptance as possible machine reality realization mechanism. We present the algorithm for evolution of machine mind language. Verification of this algorithm is presented in functional language Haskell. On the output, we have obtained fine-grained parallel non-redundant structure. It is in super-combinator form and represents elements of a machine mind language. Count of elements applications highly exceeds the count of elements themselves. Instead of accumulating acquired information, they are dissolved in the language of a mind. Vice versa, the information can be reconstructed from this language. We show that non-redundancy of a machine language is the decisive criterion for restructuring the machine mind language in each moment of communication. It is like that, so we can achieve more powerful and abstract communication between humans and computers or between computers themselves.
Energy Dissipation in Carbon Nanotube Forests through the Control of Morphology and Layered Forests with Intercalated Metal Films

The high mechanical strength and low density of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them ideal candidates to be incorporated into composites to increase their mechanical strength. This work investigated the effect of process parameters on the energy dissipation and other mechanical properties of forests of carbon nanotubes grown on various substrates by synthesizing vertically aligned CNT forests under the same conditions using three different carbon sources: m-xylene, toluene, and benzene. Results indicate that substituents on the benzene ring increase entanglement in the CNT forests. When compressed to a strain of 0.67, the toluene CNTs absorbed more energy than the m-xylene CNTs. Vertically aligned forests of CNTs were also synthesized to study their quasi-static mechanical properties in a layered configuration with metallization. The top and bottom surfaces of CNT forests were metalized with Ag, Fe, and In using paste, sputtering, and thermal evaporation, respectively. Stacks of one, two, and three layers of these forests were assembled and compressed to measure their mechanical properties. Successive stacking of CNT forests was found to reduce global buckling events, which is enhanced with a thick Ag deposition on the CNT forest surface. Young’s modulus increased as the number of layers was increased. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR. ERDC/CERL TR-16-18 iii
REDUCTION OF STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR IN A UNIAXLALLY LOADED CRACKED PLATE

This paper presents work in progress, concerning the reducing of stress intensity factor values for finite width plates by using auxiliary circular holes, the analysis is done by using the finite element method. To find the stress intensity factor “SIF”, the ANSYS packages was implemented to evaluate the SIF by using th Finite Element of Fracture Mechanic. It had found out that the SIF is reduced to 56% by using the auxiliary hole in the plate, the dynamic load of unit step input had been test to show the validity of this method, which is better to prevent crack from propagation. ةصلاخلا ةطساوب قوقش ىلع ةيواحلا حاوللاا يف تاداهجلاا ةدش ليلقت ةسارد مت ثحبلا اذه يف مت دقو ةيفاضا بوقث جمانرب مادختسا ةطساوب ليلحتلا ANSYS ةميق داجيلا ةددحملا رصانعلا ةقيرط لمعتسي يذلا SIF دجو دقو ةبسن ىلا لصت تاداهجلاا ةدش ليلقت ةبسن نا 56 % ريثات ةسارد تمت مث نمو ةيفاضلاا بوقثلا لامعتساب يكيمانيدلا لمحلا . حا نم للقت ةقيرطلا هذه ةدئاف نا حاوللاا لخاد قشلا راشتنا لامت
Application for Suggesting Restaurants Using Clustering Algorithms

The aim of this article is to present an application whose purpose is to make suggestions of restaurants to users. The application uses as input the descriptions of restaurants, reviews, user reviews available on the specialized Internet sites and blogs. In the application there are used processing techniques of natural language implemented using parsers, clustering algorithms and techniques for data collection from the Internet through web crawlers.
Microwave performance of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors on Si(111) substrates

The first AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) on silicon substrates have been realized using Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (OMVPE). Static output characteristics with low output conductance and isolation approaching 80 V were observed on devices fabricated on 1 /spl Omega/-cm p-Si(111). At microwave frequencies, a capacitively coupled substrate charge limits the device performance, resulting in a 25 GHz cutoff frequency and 0.5 W/mm output power for 0.3 /spl mu/m gate length devices. A small-signal equivalent circuit incorporating elements representing the parasitic loading from the substrate accurately models the capacitive coupling effect observed on measured S-parameters.
Reducing fibre diameter variation and coarse edge in Dohne Merinos-preliminary results.

Recently there has been a trend towards the investigation of including fibre diameter variation traits in breeding plans for woolled sheep. This trend stems form (1) renewed interest in the effect of these traits on the processing performance of wool and (2) the value of advertising rams by means of fibre diameter variation traits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inclusion of fibre diameter variation traits in the National Woolled Sheep Improvement Scheme in South Africa.
Influence of microRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Chemoresistance

Innate and acquired chemoresistance exhibited by most tumours exposed to conventional chemotherapeutic agents account for the majority of relapse cases in cancer patients. Such chemoresistance phenotypes are of a multi-factorial nature from multiple key molecular players. The discovery of the RNA interference pathway in 1998 and the widespread gene regulatory influences exerted by microRNAs (miRNAs) and other non-coding RNAs have certainly expanded the level of intricacy present for the development of any single physiological phenotype, including cancer chemoresistance. This review article focuses on the latest research efforts in identifying and validating specific key molecular players from the two main families of non-coding RNAs, namely miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), having direct or indirect influences in the development of cancer drug resistance properties and how such knowledge can be utilised for novel theranostics in oncology.
Characterizing Sleep Issues Using Twitter

Background Sleep issues such as insomnia affect over 50 million Americans and can lead to serious health problems, including depression and obesity, and can increase risk of injury. Social media platforms such as Twitter offer exciting potential for their use in studying and identifying both diseases and social phenomenon. Objective Our aim was to determine whether social media can be used as a method to conduct research focusing on sleep issues. Methods Twitter posts were collected and curated to determine whether a user exhibited signs of sleep issues based on the presence of several keywords in tweets such as insomnia, “can’t sleep”, Ambien, and others. Users whose tweets contain any of the keywords were designated as having self-identified sleep issues (sleep group). Users who did not have self-identified sleep issues (non-sleep group) were selected from tweets that did not contain pre-defined words or phrases used as a proxy for sleep issues. Results User data such as number of tweets, friends, followers, and location were collected, as well as the time and date of tweets. Additionally, the sentiment of each tweet and average sentiment of each user were determined to investigate differences between non-sleep and sleep groups. It was found that sleep group users were significantly less active on Twitter (P=.04), had fewer friends (P<.001), and fewer followers (P<.001) compared to others, after adjusting for the length of time each user's account has been active. Sleep group users were more active during typical sleeping hours than others, which may suggest they were having difficulty sleeping. Sleep group users also had significantly lower sentiment in their tweets (P<.001), indicating a possible relationship between sleep and pyschosocial issues. Conclusions We have demonstrated a novel method for studying sleep issues that allows for fast, cost-effective, and customizable data to be gathered.
Robust Range Image Registration using a Common Plane

This paper presents a method for the registration of range image pairs that were captured from dieren t locations. The proposed approach assumes that a common 3D plane is least visible in both scans. Based on this assumption the number of unknown transform parameters reduces from six to three. An orthogonal rectication process is then used to convert the 3D data into 2D depth images and correspondences that are found by a simple 2D image matching process are used to determine the remaining unknowns. We propose a robust plane detection algorithm to detect 3D planes in the scans and describe the algorithm for the computation of the ortho-rectied range images. A correlation based image matching process is used to establish correspondences between the rectied depth images. The experiments are carried out on typical facade data from a city scanning project.
A teaching system for SQL

Skill in writing SQL queries is a fundamental outcome expected by industry from any university course in Database Systems. Students often have difficulty with fundamental SQL concepts such as multitable joins, aggregation and grouping. This paper describes teaching software, which supports students learning these concepts. The system, called esql, is similar to a normal query interface, except that the response to a SELECT statement is not merely to show the result, but instead to show a sequence of images, giving a step-by-step account of how the query result is determined.
Relationship between pulmonary emphysema and osteoporosis assessed by CT in patients with COPD.

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is one of the important systemic features of COPD. Although COPD itself is regarded as one risk factor for osteoporosis, the relationship between the extent of emphysema and reduced bone density is still unclear. Our first aim was therefore to measure vertebral bone density and the percentage of low-attenuation area (LAA%) in the lungs using chest CT scans in COPD patients. Our second aim was to investigate the relationships among CT scan measurements, anthropometric parameters, and pulmonary function. METHODS Chest CT scans and pulmonary function tests were performed in 65 male patients with COPD. Using CT images, the CT scan density of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae (T4, T7, T10, and L1) and the LAA% were measured quantitatively, and their correlations were analyzed. RESULTS Linear regression analyses revealed that LAA% had a significant negative correlation with bone mineral density (BMD) [r = -0.522]. In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that only LAA% and body mass index (BMI) were predictive of BMD among age, BMI, smoking index, FEV(1), arterial blood gas, and LAA%. CONCLUSIONS The extent of pulmonary emphysema significantly correlated with reduced bone density. Our study suggested that COPD itself could be a risk factor for osteoporosis and that chest CT scanning is useful for the management of COPD as a systemic disease.