Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Virtual Machine System: Current Technology and Future Trends

With the development of the computer technology, the virtual machine has been become the main research topic. Understanding of the current technology and future trends of virtual machine system greatly help to improve the service performance of system. Therefore, we describe the current technology and present the future trends of virtual machine system in the paper. In the current technology of virtual machine system, we mainly describe the virtualization technology, the resource scheduling technology, the migration technology, the security technology and the performance evaluation technology. In the future trends of virtual machine system, we mainly present an overview of the future CPU architecture, the management mode of future memory and resource, the future maintaining method of system security and the performance evaluation method of future multiple virtual machine system.
Unobtrusive User Profiling: The Use of RFID to Create a Smart Wardrobe

A pair of pulleys are rotatably provided between a pair of long frames in the neighborhood of both ends thereof. An endless belt is put over the pulleys, wherein the teeth which mesh with the pulleys are provided on the inner surface of the endless belt. A row of pins which fit into the perforations in a document is provided in the outer feeding surface of the endless belt. A groove extending in the longitudinal direction of the belt is formed in the central portion of the teeth trains of the belt. A rib projecting from the upper surface on which the belt slides and extending in the feeding direction of the document is formed in one of the frames. Since the belt moves in a state in which the rib is fitted into the groove of the belt, the belt runs without deviating from the line which connects between the pulleys.
Decreasing Deforestation in the Southern Brazilian Amazon—The Role of Administrative Sanctions in Mato Grosso State

Forest conservation efforts through regulatory enforcement routinely failed to prevent large scale deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. However, a turning point occurred in 2005, when a combination of unfavorable economic conditions and an unprecedented coordinated effort between governmental institutions resulted in a gradual slowdown in deforestation. The continuation of this deforestation slowdown in an environment of economic recovery and expansion after 2009 suggests that regulatory enforcement achieved a measure of success not experienced before. In this study, the impact of fines, embargoes on rural private properties, and confiscation of means of production and produce on deforestation in the Southern Amazon state of Mato Grosso was considered through regression and GIS-based analyses. It was found that while all three sanctions were negatively correlated with deforestation, there were important differences in their level of enforcement. Embargoes were effectively implemented and showed high deforestation deterrence effectiveness, but the actual collection of the values of fines issued was extremely low, which casts doubts on their actual effectiveness as a deforestation deterrence mechanism. The results suggest that while sanctions for illegal deforestation have played an important role in the slowdown in deforestation, measures to increase the collection of fines issued are urgently needed.
User Throughput Estimation for the PF Scheduling Algorithm under MIMO Channel Environments

In cellular systems, user throughput estimation is needed for cell-site selection, handover design, etc. This letter introduces long-term average user throughput estimation methods for the proportional fair (PF) scheduling algorithm under multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel environments. From the observation that the current data rate divided by the long-term average throughput of each user is roughly around a similar level, we propose estimation methods for both single user MIMO (SU-MIMO) and simple multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) scheduling scenarios. Since our throughput estimation methods do not depend on the statistics of other users' data rates, they can be easily implemented in practical systems regardless of user data rate distribution.
Low-Rank Matrix Approximation with Manifold Regularization

This paper proposes a new model of low-rank matrix factorization that incorporates manifold regularization to the matrix factorization. Superior to the graph-regularized nonnegative matrix factorization, this new regularization model has globally optimal and closed-form solutions. A direct algorithm (for data with small number of points) and an alternate iterative algorithm with inexact inner iteration (for large scale data) are proposed to solve the new model. A convergence analysis establishes the global convergence of the iterative algorithm. The efficiency and precision of the algorithm are demonstrated numerically through applications to six real-world datasets on clustering and classification. Performance comparison with existing algorithms shows the effectiveness of the proposed method for low-rank factorization in general.
Roles for Electronic Brokers

A regulated amplifier for supplying coded tone pulses from a communication line to the filters of a multifrequency decoding detector is made using directly coupled semiconductor elements for amplification and control. The gain of the amplifier is controlled by a light sensitive cadmium sulphide input series resistor illuminated by a gallium arsenide light emitting diode driven by the control circuit. An integrating amplifier stage is used to derive a control voltage from the output of the regulated amplifier, which voltage is modified by a temperature dependent reference voltage for compensating the temperature dependence of the light emitting diode. The control voltage is furnished to the stage that drives the light emitting diode through a coupling diode, so that a blocking voltage produced by an unregulated parallel channel of amplification-integration may be applied to the final control stage, to darken the light emitting diode and put the regulated amplifier in its minimum amplification condition when input signals are below the predetermined energy level.
Specificity proteins Sp1 and Sp3 interact with the rat GTP Cyclohydrolase I proximal promoter to regulate transcription

The role of the proximal promoter GC‐box in regulating basal and cAMP‐dependent GTP Cyclohydrolase I gene transcription was investigated using a variety of cell lines and techniques. These studies show that the GC‐box is composed of a triad of cis‐elements that in vitro bind specificity proteins Sp1 and Sp3. Sp1 and Sp3 were found associated with the native proximal promoter in PC12 cells but were not recruited to the promoter during cAMP‐dependent transcription. Studies using Drosophila SL2 cells showed that Sp3 occupies two sites within the GC‐box and enhances transcription when acting alone and synergistically when combined with nuclear factor‐Y (NF‐Y) and CCAAT/Enhancer‐Binding Protein (C/EBP)β, cognate binding proteins for the adjacent cAMP response element (CRE) and CCAAT‐box cAMP response elements. In contrast, Sp1 bound only one site within the GC‐box and did not enhance transcription unless combined with NF‐Y and C/EBPβ. Studies in SL2 cells also showed that Sp1 and Sp3 do not co‐occupy the GC‐box, and accordingly Sp1 competes for Sp3 binding to repress Sp3‐dependent transcription. In PC12 cells, complete mutation of the GC‐box reduced basal but not cAMP‐dependent transcription, resulting in an overall increase in the cAMP response and demonstrating that formation of this enhanceosome does not require Sp1 or Sp3. Experiments in which the GC‐box was replaced with a Gal4 element and the promoter challenged with Gal4 fusion proteins support this conclusion and a role for Sp3 in maintaining high levels of basal transcription in PC12 cells. Equivalent amounts of Sp1 and Sp3 were found associated with the native proximal promoter in PC12 and Rat2 cells, which differ 10‐fold in basal transcription. Similar levels of methylation of CpG dinucleotides located within the GC‐box were also observed in these two cells lines. These results suggest that Sp1 and Sp3 bound to the GC‐box might help to preserve an open chromatin configuration at the proximal promoter in cells which constitutively express low levels of GTP Cyclohydrolase I.
Strategies for interactive exploration of 3D flow using evenly-spaced illuminated streamlines

This paper presents several strategies to interactively explore 3D flow. Based on a fast illuminated streamlines algorithm, standard graphics hardware is sufficient to gain interactive rendering rates. Our approach does not require the user to have any prior knowledge of flow features. After the streamlines are computed in a short preprocessing time, the user can interactively change appearance and density of the streamlines to further explore the flow. Most important flow features like velocity or pressure not only can be mapped to all available streamline appearance properties like streamline width, material, opacity, but also to streamline density. To improve spatial perception of the 3D flow we apply techniques based on animation, depth cueing, and halos along a streamline if it is crossed by another streamline in the foreground. Finally, we make intense use of focus+context methods like magic volumes, region of interest driven streamline placing, and spotlights to solve the occlusion problem.
Altered Hemodynamic Responses in Patients After Subcortical Stroke Measured by Functional MRI

Background and Purpose— Blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) is a promising method for defining brain recovery after stroke quantitatively. Applications thus far have assumed that the BOLD hemodynamic response in patients after stroke is identical to that in healthy controls. However, because of local vascular compromise or more diffuse vascular disease predisposing to infarction, this assumption may not be justified after stroke. We sought to test whether patients who have suffered a lacunar stroke show BOLD fMRI response characteristics identical to those of healthy controls. Methods— We measured the BOLD fMRI signal time course in the sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the affected hand with finger- or hand-tapping tasks for minimally or mildly impaired right-handed patients (n=12) after lacunar strokes causing limb weakness and for healthy controls (n=20). Results— With a right-handed sequential finger-tapping task, the rate of rise and maximum increase of the BOLD signal in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex were >30% lower (P ≤0.01) in the stroke patients. Similar relative decreases were found for the same task performed with the left hand. These changes were found in patients both in the hemisphere affected by stroke and in the unaffected hemisphere, suggesting that the BOLD fMRI time course differences observed arise from a diffuse functional pathology. The difference between patients and controls is not a result of age alone, since differences were not found between the younger (n=10; aged 22 to 38 years) and the older (n=10; aged 56 to 83 years) healthy controls. The effect also does not seem to be dependent on the specific hand movement task used. Conclusions— The magnitude of the BOLD fMRI response can be reduced in stroke patients even if infarcts do not involve the cortex. This may be a consequence of the stroke, but the observation that the BOLD signal time course is similar in the affected and unaffected hemispheres suggests that it also could result from preexisting pathophysiological changes in the cerebral microvasculature.
Algebraic nature of shape-invariant and self-similar potentials

Self-similar potentials generalize the concept of shape invariance which was originally introduced to explore exactly solvable potentials in quantum mechanics. In this paper it is shown that the previously introduced algebraic approach to the latter can be generalized to the former. The infinite Lie algebras introduced in this context are shown to be closely related to the q-algebras. The associated coherent states are investigated.
Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Mimicking Bone Metastasis

Osteonecrosis of the jaw is usually a potential complication of bisphosphonate therapy. In a cancer patient, this disease entity can be misdiagnosed as a metastatic lesion. Our aim is to make clinicians aware of bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaw to prevent misdiagnosis and initiate proper treatment at the earliest. We present the case of a breast cancer patient with multiple bony metastases and a jaw lesion presumed to be metastases. After no response to palliative radiation, repeat radiological imaging studies revealed osteonecrosis of the jaw. Correlating a patient's clinical information with findings on diagnostic imaging studies, such as SPECT bone and CT scans, can help identify this potential complication of bisphosphonate treatment. Early diagnosis helps minimize unnecessary biopsies and allows for the proper treatment to be instituted.
The View From Elsewhere: Perspectives on ALife Modeling

Many artificial life researchers stress the interdisciplinary character of the field. Against such a backdrop, this report reviews and discusses artificial life, as it is depicted in, and as it interfaces with, adjacent disciplines (in particular, philosophy, biology, and linguistics), and in the light of a specific historical example of interdisciplinary research (namely cybernetics) with which artificial life shares many features. This report grew out of a workshop held at the Sixth European Conference on Artificial Life in Prague and features individual contributions from the workshop's eight speakers, plus a section designed to reflect the debates that took place during the workshop's discussion sessions. The major theme that emerged during these sessions was the identity and status of artificial life as a scientific endeavor.
Applications of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (Lasers) for Restorative Dentistry

Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (laser) has been used widely in a range of biomedical and dental applications in recent years. In the field of restorative dentistry, various kinds of lasers have been developed for diagnostic (e.g. caries detection) and operative applications (e.g. tooth ablation, cavity preparation, restorations, bleaching). The main benefits for laser applications are patient comfort, pain relief and better results for specific applications. Major concerns for using dental lasers frequently are high cost, need for specialized training and sensitivity of the technique, thereby compromising its usefulness particularly in developing countries. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate and summarize the applications of lasers in restorative dentistry, including a comparison of the applications of lasers for major restorative dental procedures and conventional clinical approaches. A remarkable increase in the use of lasers for dental application is expected in the near future.
Robust Identification of Large Genetic Networks

Temporal and spatial gene expression, together with the concentration of proteins and metabolites, is tightly controlled in the cell. This is possible thanks to complex regulatory networks between these different elements. The identification of these networks would be extremely valuable. We developed a novel algorithm to identify a large genetic network, as a set of linear differential equations, starting from measurements of gene expression at steady state following transcriptional perturbations. Experimentally, it is possible to overexpress each of the genes in the network using an episomal expression plasmid and measure the change in mRNA concentration of all the genes, following the perturbation. Computationally, we reduced the identification problem to a multiple linear regression, assuming that the network is sparse. We implemented a heuristic search method in order to apply the algorithm to large networks. The algorithm can correctly identify the network, even in the presence of large noise in the data, and can be used to predict the genes that directly mediate the action of a compound. Our novel approach is experimentally feasible and it is readily applicable to large genetic networks.
Adaptation Schemes for Question's Level to be Proposed by Intelligent Tutoring Systems

The main challenge in developing a good Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is, surely, the question of how to adapt the hardness level of questions and tasks to the current student's capabilities, assuming these are dynamically changing over the tutoring period. According to state of art, most ITS systems make use of the Q-learning algorithm for this adaptation task. Our paper presents innovative results that compare performances of several methods not applied before for ITS to handle the above challenge. In particular as far as we know this is the first attempt to apply the Bayesian inference algorithm for question level matching in ITS. Next, as this is a groundwork research done to identify the best adaptation scheme, we propose to use an artificial environment with simulated students for the evaluation phase. The results were benchmarked with the optimal performance of the system assuming the user model (abilities) is completely known to the ITS. The results show that the method that outperforms the other is based on a Bayesian Inference which achieves more than 90% of the optimal performance. Our conclusion is that it may be worthwhile to integrate Bayesian inference based algorithms to adapt to student's level in the ITS. Future work is required in to confront these empirical results with those of real students.
Design of materials with extreme thermal expansion using a three-phase topology optimization method

We show how composites with extremal or unusual thermal expansion coefficients can be designed using a numerical topology optimization method. The composites are composed of two different material phases and void. The optimization method is illustrated by designing materials having maximum thermal expansion, zero thermal expansion, and negative thermal expansion. Assuming linear elasticity, it is shown that materials with effective negative thermal expansion coefficients can be obtained by mixing two phases with positive thermal expansion coefficients and void. We also show that there is no mechanistic relationship between negative thermal expansion and negative Poisson's ratio.
Genetic Characterization of a Novel HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF74_01B) Identified among Intravenous Drug Users in Malaysia: Recombination History and Phylogenetic Linkage with Previously Defined Recombinant Lineages

In many parts of Southeast Asia, the HIV-1 epidemic has been driven by the sharing of needles and equipment among intravenous drug users (IDUs). Over the last few decades, many studies have proven time and again that the diversity of HIV-1 epidemics can often be linked to the route of infection transmission. That said, the diversity and complexity of HIV-1 molecular epidemics in the region have been increasing at an alarming rate, due in part to the high tendency of the viral RNA to recombine. This scenario was exemplified by the discovery of numerous circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), especially in Thailand and Malaysia. In this study, we characterized a novel CRF designated CRF74_01B, which was identified in six epidemiologically unlinked IDUs in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The near-full length genomes were composed of CRF01_AE and subtype B', with eight breakpoints dispersed in the gag-pol and nef regions. Remarkably, this CRF shared four and two recombination hotspots with the previously described CRF33_01B and the less prevalent CRF53_01B, respectively. Genealogy-based Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of CRF74_01B genomic regions showed that it is closely related to both CRF33_01B and CRF53_01B. This observation suggests that CRF74_01B was probably a direct descendent from specific lineages of CRF33_01B, CRF53_01B and subtype Bʹ that could have emerged in the mid-1990s. Additionally, it illustrated the active recombination processes between prevalent HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants in Malaysia. In summary, we report a novel HIV-1 genotype designated CRF74_01B among IDUs in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The characterization of the novel CRF74_01B is of considerable significance towards the understanding of the genetic diversity and population dynamics of HIV-1 circulating in the region.
Taxol binds to cellular microtubules

Taxol is a low molecular weight plant derivative which enhances microtubule assembly in vitro and has the unique ability to promote the formation of discrete microtubule bundles in cells. Tritium-labeled taxol binds directly to microtubules in vitro with a stoichiometry approaching one (Parness, J., and S. B. Horwitz, 1981, J. Cell Biol. 91:479-487). We now report studies in cells on the binding of [3H]taxol and the formation of microtubule bundles. [3H]Taxol binds to the macrophagelike cell line, J774.2, in a specific and saturable manner. Scatchard analysis of the specific binding data demonstrates a single set of high affinity binding sites. Maximal binding occurs at drug concentrations which produce maximal growth inhibition. Conditions which depolymerize microtubules in intact and extracted cells as determined by tubulin immunofluorescence inhibit the binding of [3H]taxol. This strongly suggests that taxol binds specifically to cellular microtubules. Extraction with 0.1% Nonidet P-40 or depletion of cellular ATP by treatment with 10 mM NaN3 prevents the characteristic taxol-induced bundle formation. The binding of [3H]taxol, however, is retained under these conditions. Thus, there formation. The binding of [3H]taxol, however, is retained under these conditions. Thus, there must be specific cellular mechanisms which are required for bundle formation, in addition to the direct binding of taxol to cytoplasmic microtubules.
Protective Effects of Exogenous Interleukin 18–Binding Protein in a Rat Model of Acute Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

ABSTRACT Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) renal injury is considered the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). The pathophysiology of I/R AKI involves a complex interplay among tubular epithelial cell injury, microcirculation dysfunction, and inflammation. Interleukin 18–binding protein (IL-18BP) is a natural inhibitor of IL-18 a cytokine that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AKI. Therefore, we hypothesized that exogenous IL-18BP could protect against renal injuries after kidney I/R. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: a sham operation group, I/R with vehicle injection, and I/R with IL-18BP injection. Rats underwent bilateral renal pedicle clamping, and IL-18BP or vehicle was administered just before reperfusion. Rats were killed 6, 24, and 72 h after reperfusion. After IL-18BP treatment, renal tubule epithelium showed reduced apoptosis and enhanced proliferation. For peritubular capillary (PTC) endothelium, apoptosis was inhibited, and there was an increase in PTC endothelium density. Macrophage infiltration was inhibited, and inflammatory cytokines were downregulated. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and decreased expression of thrombospondin 1 were also observed. Exogenous IL-18BP attenuated renal injury caused by I/R via inhibiting inflammation in the renal tissue and protecting tubular epithelium and PTC endothelium.