Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-Case Research Designs for the Clinician

The late Major General William Officer said that he required his medical officers to give one hundred per cent as soldiers and one hundred per cent as doctors. With the recent deployment of the medical services of the Armed Forces to support the British military effort in the Gulf it is worth examining this requirement to determine whether General Officer's criteria are appropriate and whether they can be met. The first reaction is that the medical officer of the Armed Forces may be serving in the Royal Navy, the Army or the Royal Air Force. Each service has its own special requirements for medical support in times of war but it is essential that the management of casualties should follow a coordinated plan. The direction of the three medical services under a Surgeon General at the Ministry of Defence has ensured that this is the case and that there is close cooperation between the three medical services at all levels from Forward Treatment Unit back to National Health Service Hospitals in the United Kingdom. It is essential that every medical officer understands the special requirements of his or her own service in the maintenance of the health of the Force, in appropriate deployment to their special tasks and the threats inherent in their deployment and in current military weapons technology. In the Gulf area it can be readily appreciated that the climate imposes its own burdens which can be greatly added to by the threat of chemical weapons. The vast areas of empty desert pose special difficulties in the collection, first aid, treatment and evacuation of casualties to base hospitals in Saudi Arabia and to hospital ships prior to evacuation by air to the United Kingdom. Ten years ago the military medical professors coordinated regular courses of instruction in war surgery and war medicine, held at the Royal Army Medical College but involving participants from all three services and including reserve medical and nursing officers. Guest lecturers included senior doctors from the Middle East with recent combat experience. These courses began before the Falklands Campaign (1982), which was a testing ground for all three medical services and the experience so gained was fed
Prevailing sea surface temperatures inhibit summer reproduction of the kelp Laminaria digitata at Helgoland (North Sea)

The impact of abiotic factors on kelp sporophyte reproduction has rarely been investigated. Laminaria digitata (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux is one of the few summer fertile Laminaria species worldwide and reproduction is subjected to relatively high water temperatures. We investigated the impact of prevailing summer temperatures (~18°C in August) on the induction of sporangia, meiospore release, and germination at the island of Helgoland (North Sea). At Helgoland, fertile sporophytes are found between April and December with a maximum in late summer. While released meiospore numbers were constant between June and October, germination rates decreased significantly in summer. Short‐term exposure of mature sori to 17°C–22°C induced a significantly higher meiospore release indicating enhancement of sporulation by elevated temperatures. Induction of sporangia on vegetative blade disks was not possible at 20°C, and fertility was only 20% at 18°C–19°C, but it was 100% in cool temperatures of 1°C–10°C. It was shown for the first time in a kelp species that “sporogenesis” is the life‐cycle process with the narrowest temperature window compared to growth or survival of the sporophyte or reproduction, growth, and survival of the gametophyte. We incorporated several parameters (induction time, fertile area, and relative fertility) into a “Reproductive efficiency index. ” This indicates that sporogenesis of L. digitata is a cold‐adapted process with an optimum at (5)–10°C. The results show that the population at Helgoland is at its reproduction limit despite the existence of other geographically more southerly located populations.
An Energy-Efficient Dual-Edge Triggered Level-Converting Flip-Flop

In this paper, we propose a dual-edge triggered and dual-Vth level converting flip-flop (LCFF). The LCFF utilizes many energy-saving features that can be used in a multi-Vdd and multi-Vth system. A novel power-aware latch structure is designed to eliminate the internal power during transition. When operated in sleep mode, the power-aware latch is switch to low-leakage mode and still retain its data. Experimental results show that the proposed LCFF has the lowest PDP among compared FFs.
Disseny d'una sèrie de motors d'eficiència IE5

Durant el transcurs d’aquest projecte es realitza el disseny d’una maquina sincrona de reluctancia amb una elevada eficiencia energetica, de manera que obtingui la qualificacio de IE5 de la IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). Inicialment, a partir del Software de codi obert SyR-e es selecciona una geometria tant pel rotor com per l’estator de la maquina. Aquesta sera la mes optima per tal de disminuir la rissada del parell resultant tant com sigui possible. A continuacio, s’implementa el software d’elements finits FEMM 4.2 (Finite Element Method Magnetics) per tal d’analitzar electromagneticament i termica la maquina seleccionada en primera instancia i mostrar-ne els resultats obtinguts. Despres de la comprovacio de la viabilitat del motor, es presenten els calculs de les corbes caracteristiques de la maquina, a partir de calculs analitics, tenint en compte la variacio del flux magnetic depenent de les posicions del rotor. Finalment, es realitza un calcul d’una serie dels diferents motors de la mateixa manera que s’obtindrien d’aquesta maquina, nomes modificant-ne la longitud de l’empilat i el bobinat. Aixi doncs, es presentaran motors de diferents potencies en dues gammes diferents: una a 3000 rpm i un altra a 1500 rpm. Al document tambe s’hi presenten les pautes de calcul utilitzades i la bibliografia necessaria pel desenvolupament d’aquest treball.
Colocalization and nonrandom distribution of Kv1.3 potassium channels and CD3 molecules in the plasma membrane of human T lymphocytes

Distribution and lateral organization of Kv1.3 potassium channels and CD3 molecules were studied by using electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Immunogold labeling and electron microscopy showed that the distribution of FLAG epitope-tagged Kv1.3 channels (Kv1.3/FLAG) significantly differs from the stochastic Poisson distribution in the plasma membrane of human T lymphoma cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images showed that Kv1.3/FLAG channels and CD3 molecules accumulated in largely overlapping membrane areas. The numerical analysis of crosscorrelation of the spatial intensity distributions yielded a high correlation coefficient (C = 0.64). A different hierarchical level of molecular proximity between Kv1.3/FLAG and CD3 proteins was reported by a high fluorescence resonance energy transfer efficiency (E = 51%). These findings implicate that reciprocal regulation of ion-channel activity, membrane potential, and the function of receptor complexes may contribute to the proper functioning of the immunological synapse.
An accurate combined source integral equation for perfect electrically conducting bodies

The electric field integral equation (EFIE) for perfect electrically conducting objects is augmented by a weak form combined source side condition. Thereby, the solution of the resulting combined source integral equation (CSIE) is unique and the interior resonance problem is circumvented. The discretization of electric and magnetic surface current densities and the testing of the electric field is solely performed with Rao-Wilton-Glission functions. Simulation results of scattering by a sphere demonstrate the good iterative solver convergence and excellent accuracy, as compared to EFIE as well as magnetic and combined field integral equations.
Distributed coordination for economical operation of power park with multiple microgrids

Microgrid is widely implemented for system with high penetration of renewable energy sources. Multiple microgrids can be interlinked to form a Power Park which can be used for wider area applications. Centralized power park control, in which one of the microgrid operate as the voltage/frequency regulator while the power exchange of the rest microgrids with power park network, is determined by the central controller. However, system operation relies heavily on the voltage/frequency regulator, communication network and central controller, whose failure will result in malfunction of the whole system. Droop based control (frequency/active power (f/P) droop and voltage /reactive power (V/Q) droop) enables system operation in distributed manner without the central controller and communication link. Besides, system bus voltage and frequency are regulated coordinately. Droop based control is a fully distributed control without considering system operation cost. In this paper, a modified droop control is proposed. Instead of implementing the conventional f/P droop control, frequency/Incremental Cost (f/IC) droop control is implemented to ensure minimized system operation cost. MATLAB/Simulink model has been developed for verification of the proposed control algorithm.
Accounting for variability in individual hierarchical clinical trial data

Meta‐analytical approaches have been extensively used to analyze medical data. In most cases, the data come from different studies or independent trials with similar characteristics. However, these methods can be applied in a broader sense. In this paper, we show how existing meta‐analytic techniques can also be used as well when dealing with parameters estimated from individual hierarchical data. Specifically, we propose to apply statistical methods that account for the variances (and possibly covariances) of such measures.
β‐HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AND CARCINO‐EMBRYONIC ANTIGEN IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OVARIAN CARCINOMA

Measurements of HCG and carcino‐embryonic antigen (CEA) were made in 26 patients with ovarian cancer to evaluate these substances as tumour markers; 13·4 per cent of 194 CEA estimations and 14·6 per cent of 144 HCG estimations were abnormal. CEA values were abnormal in 9 out of 26 patients and HCG values in 13 out of 26 patients. The implications of these findings particularly the presence of HCG are discussed.
Precise Synthesis of Macromolecular Architectures by Novel Iterative Methodology Combining Living Anionic Polymerization with Specially Designed Linking Chemistry

This article reviews the development of a novel all-around iterative methodology combining living anionic polymerization with specially designed linking chemistry for macromolecular architecture syntheses. The methodology is designed in such a way that the same reaction site is always regenerated after the polymer chain is introduced in each reaction sequence, and this “polymer chain introduction and regeneration of the same reaction site” sequence is repeatable. Accordingly, the polymer chain can be successively and, in principle, limitlessly introduced to construct macromolecular architectures. With this iterative methodology, a variety of synthetically difficult macromolecular architectures, i.e., multicomponent μ-star polymers, high generation dendrimer-like hyperbranched polymers, exactly defined graft polymers, and multiblock polymers having more than three blocks, were successfully synthesized.
A Regulatory Role of the Rnq1 Nonprion Domain for Prion Propagation and Polyglutamine Aggregates

ABSTRACT Prions are infectious, self-propagating protein conformations. Rnq1 is required for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae prion [PIN+], which is necessary for the de novo induction of a second prion, [PSI+]. Here we isolated a [PSI+]-eliminating mutant, Rnq1Δ100, that deletes the nonprion domain of Rnq1. Rnq1Δ100 inhibits not only [PSI+] prion propagation but also [URE3] prion and huntingtin's polyglutamine aggregate propagation in a [PIN+] background but not in a [pin−] background. Rnq1Δ100, however, does not eliminate [PIN+]. These findings are interpreted as showing a possible involvement of the Rnq1 prion in the maintenance of heterologous prions and polyQ aggregates. Rnq1 and Rnq1Δ100 form a sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable and Sis1 (an Hsp40 chaperone protein)-containing coaggregate in [PIN+] cells. Importantly, Rnq1Δ100 is highly QN-rich and prone to self-aggregate or coaggregate with Rnq1 when coexpressed in [pin−] cells. However, the [pin−] Rnq1-Rnq1Δ100 coaggregate does not represent a prion-like aggregate. These findings suggest that [PIN+] Rnq1-Rnq1Δ100 aggregates interact with other transmissible and nontransmissible amyloids to destabilize them and that the nonprion domain of Rnq1 plays a crucial role in self-regulation of the highly reactive QN-rich prion domain of Rnq1.
VARIATIONS IN OLD-GROWTH STRUCTURE AND DEFINITIONS: FOREST DYNAMICS ON WACHUSETT MOUNTAIN, MASSACHUSETTS

One of the largest old-growth forests in southern New England was recently "discovered" on the exposed upper slopes of Wachusett Mountain, Massachusetts, a heavily used recreational area located 150 yr. Historical data suggest that most of the area's forests were composed of a mixture of Quercus rubra and northern hardwood species. Species abundances and recruitment dynamics in the four stands exhibit highly variable spatial and temporal patterns across sites that differ in aspect and exposure. Three uneven-aged hardwood stands contain Quercus rubra in the largest size classes, various amounts of Fagus grandifolia, Acer, and Betula species in the middle size classes, and dense thickets of several shrub species in the small size classes. Several of a set of randomly aged individuals of Q. rubra, B. Ienta, and B. alleghaniensis are at or very near the maximum longevity known for these species. A Tsuga canadensis stand contains unimodal size and age distributions, with trees <60- cm dbh and 100-300 yr old. Quercus rubra recruitment occurred on all sites from the 1 600s through the early 1 800s, when it dropped precipitously on most sites and was replaced by either Tsuga or Acer and Betula species. These recruitment changes were apparently driven by changes in disturbance regime over the. last two centuries, from fire in the early record to hurricanes (1815 and 1938), and more recently, frequent wind, ice, and snow damage but no fire. Asynchronous tree-ring releases and suppression and relatively low amounts of coarse woody debris corroborate this interpretation. Chronic canopy damage produced short-statured and unusually gnarled trees, which gave the forest unusual resis- tance to severe winds from hurricanes, discouraged logging, and prevented the recognition of the forest's old-growth status despite its heavy recreational use.
caling electromechanical sensors down to the nanoscale

Traditional MEMS sensing systems do not scale down well to the nanoscale due to resolution and fabrication limitations. Therefore, new sensing systems need to be developed in order to meet the range and resolution requirements of nanoscale mechanical systems. Several nanoscale mechanical sensing systems have emerged that take advantage of nanoscale phenomena to improve the quality of nanoscale vailable online 3 September 2012
Joint energy saving resource allocation and user scheduling in OFDMA relay networks

Joint energy saving resource allocation and user scheduling scheme in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) relay networks is considered. Different from allocating resources for users, we allocate resources for packets in the priority queue. Before resource allocation, a scheduling scheme is carried out to assign different priorities to the packets in the queue to guarantee the fairness and better system throughput. The energy minimization resource allocation problem is formulated in OFDMA relay networks, in which time domain, sub-carriers, bit and power resources are dynamically allocated. Instead of adopting two transmission phases of equal size in time domain in most of existing proposals, time domain resource is allocated dynamically in this paper. The integer programming is adopted to obtain the solution based on the discrete variables. However, owing to the high algorithm complexity of integer programming, an efficient algorithm is proposed based on decomposing the original optimization problem into three subproblems. Simulation results show that the energy consumption of proposed scheme is quite close to that of optimal algorithm. Because the proposed resource allocation algorithm is based on the packets queue, we also propose a novel user scheduling scheme, which considers the relay selection results and the service types. Simulation results show that the system throughput of proposed scheduling scheme is larger than that of PF, while its fairness index is close to that of PF.
An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of pulmonary hypertension of sickle cell disease.

BACKGROUND In adults with sickle cell disease (SCD), an increased tricuspid regurgitant velocity (TRV) measured by Doppler echocardiography, an increased serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) level, and pulmonary hypertension (PH) diagnosed by right heart catheterization (RHC) are independent risk factors for mortality. METHODS A multidisciplinary committee was formed by clinician-investigators experienced in the management of patients with PH and/or SCD. Clinically important questions were posed, related evidence was appraised, and questions were answered with evidence-based recommendations. Target audiences include all clinicians who take care of patients with SCD. RESULTS Mortality risk stratification guides decision making. An increased risk for mortality is defined as a TRV equal to or greater than 2.5 m/second, an NT-pro-BNP level equal to or greater than 160 pg/ml, or RHC-confirmed PH. For patients identified as having increased mortality risk, we make a strong recommendation for hydroxyurea as first-line therapy and a weak recommendation for chronic transfusions as an alternative therapy. For all patients with SCD with elevated TRV alone or elevated NT-pro-BNP alone, and for patients with SCD with RHC-confirmed PH with elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure and low pulmonary vascular resistance, we make a strong recommendation against PAH-specific therapy. However, for select patients with SCD with RHC-confirmed PH who have elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, we make a weak recommendation for either prostacyclin agonist or endothelin receptor antagonist therapy and a strong recommendation against phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor therapy. CONCLUSIONS Evidence-based recommendations for the management of patients with SCD with increased mortality risk are provided, but will require frequent reassessment and updating.
Performance Analysis of State-of-the-Art Representation Methods for Geographical Image Retrieval and Categorization

This letter studies the performance of various image representation schemes used for image search problems for the purpose of geographic image retrieval from satellite imagery. We compare the most widely adopted method of the bag-of-words (BoW) approach with the more recently introduced vector of locally aggregated descriptors (VLAD) and its more compact binary version product quantized VLAD (VLAD-PQ). We show with the experiments on a publicly available 21-class land-use/land-cover data set that the VLAD-based representation outperforms BoW at the cost of increased query time, but the more compact VLAD-PQ representation achieves very similar performance as VLAD without the increased time requirement.
Antibody-independent immunity to reinfection malaria in B-cell-deficient mice

Immunity to "reinfection malaria" or "premunition" was studied in B-cell-deficient mice which had previously experienced acute malaria caused by the avirulent plasmodia Plasmodium yoelii or P. chabaudi or by the lethal P. vinckei. Such mice resisted challenge infection with large numbers of homologous parasites but differed in their capacity to resist challenge with heterologous species. Mice immune to P. yoelii resisted infection with P. chabaudi but developed acute-type, albeit nonlethal, infections when challenged with P. vinckei. Whereas mice immune to P. chabaudi resisted challenge with P. vinckei and vice versa, they developed fulminating malaria and died when infected with P. yoelii. The data suggest that immunity to reinfection malaria in B-cell-deficient mice, although antibody independent, is mediated by different mechanisms of resistance depending upon the plasmodial species used to initiate acute infection. Additional evidence supporting this concept was gained from preliminary experiments in which immunity to reinfection was measured by the ability of chronically infected mice to control endogenous parasites at low levels. B-cell-deficient mouse strains showed genotypic differences in their ability to develop immunity to reinfection with P. yoelii. In contrast, the same mouse strains uniformly developed immunity to reinfection with P. chabaudi. These findings suggest that different genetic loci control resistance to reinfection malaria caused by different species of plasmodia. Finally, B-cell-deficient mice acutely infected with lethal plasmodia, P. vinckei or P. berghei, died at the same time or earlier than similarly infected immunologically intact mice, indicating that "early death" in virulent malarial infections is an antibody-independent phenomenon.
Regional cerebral glucose metabolism differentiates danger- and non-danger-based traumas in post-traumatic stress disorder.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is presumably the result of life threats and conditioned fear. However, the neurobiology of fear fails to explain the impact of traumas that do not entail threats. Neuronal function, assessed as glucose metabolism with (18)fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography, was contrasted in active duty, treatment-seeking US Army Soldiers with PTSD endorsing either danger- (n = 19) or non-danger-based (n = 26) traumas, and was compared with soldiers without PTSD (Combat Controls, n = 26) and Civilian Controls (n = 24). Prior meta-analyses of regions associated with fear or trauma script imagery in PTSD were used to compare glucose metabolism across groups. Danger-based traumas were associated with higher metabolism in the right amygdala than the control groups, while non-danger-based traumas associated with heightened precuneus metabolism relative to the danger group. In the danger group, PTSD severity was associated with higher metabolism in precuneus and dorsal anterior cingulate and lower metabolism in left amygdala (R(2 )= 0.61). In the non-danger group, PTSD symptom severity was associated with higher precuneus metabolism and lower right amygdala metabolism (R(2 )= 0.64). These findings suggest a biological basis to consider subtyping PTSD according to the nature of the traumatic context.