Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification Schemes for Step Sounds Based on Gammatone-Filters

In this study the classification performance of 2 machine learning methods and 2 sound representations schemes are compared, having the focus on short impact like sounds: Footsteps have been classified according to the material of the floor and the shoe type. The gamma-tone auditory filterbank is a spectral analyser, that converts a given signal into a multi-channel simulation of the basilar membrane motion. Combinations of the gammatone auditory filter bank with the Hilbert transform and with the Meddis Inner Hair-cell model have been evaluated and compared in classification tasks. The experiments show that the gammatone based representation techniques yield in general promising results in the classification tasks of impact like everyday sounds. The support vector machines outperform the hidden Markov models, where both in general perform equal or better using the inner hair cell model representation.
The Substantial First Impact of Bottom Fishing on Rare Biodiversity Hotspots: A Dilemma for Evidence-Based Conservation

This study describes the impact of the first passage of two types of bottom-towed fishing gear on rare protected shellfish-reefs formed by the horse mussel Modiolus modiolus (L.). One of the study sites was trawled and the other was scallop-dredged. Divers collected HD video imagery of epifauna from quadrats at the two study sites and directed infaunal samples from one site. The total number of epifaunal organisms was significantly reduced following a single pass of a trawl (90%) or scallop dredge (59%), as was the diversity of the associated community and the total number of M. modiolus at the trawled site. At both sites declines in anthozoans, hydrozoans, bivalves, echinoderms and ascidians accounted for most of the change. A year later, no recovery was evident at the trawled site and significantly fewer infaunal taxa (polychaetes, malacostracans, bivalves and ophuroids) were recorded in the trawl track. The severity of the two types of impact reflected the undisturbed status of the habitats compared to previous studies. As a ‘priority habitat’ the nature of the impacts described on M. modiolus communities are important to the development of conservation management policy and indicators of condition in Marine Protected Areas (EU Habitats Directive) as well as indicators of ‘Good Environmental Status’ under the European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Conservation managers are under pressure to support decisions with good quality evidence. Elsewhere, indirect studies have shown declines of M. modiolus biogenic communities in fishing grounds. However, given the protected status of the rare habitat, premeditated demonstration of direct impact is unethical or illegal in Marine Protected Areas. This study therefore provides a unique opportunity to investigate the impact from fishing gear whilst at the same time reflecting on the dilemma of evidence-based conservation management.
OVERVIEW OF PROJECT

To satisfy language requirements for immigration and university entrance, English Language Learners must pass a language proficiency test, e.g., Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL iBT) or International English Language Testing System (IELTS). English language testing industry is a billion-dollar business. There have been more than 25 million reported TOEFL test takers to date (ETS, 2010). In 2006, there were 13 million College English Test (CET) test takers, making it the largest English language proficiency test in the world (Jin, 2005; Zheng & Cheng, 2008). Consequently, test preparation centers are flourishing around the world to prepare test takers in successfully passing such tests. Test preparation is a doubleedged sword for students, teachers, administrators, and test developers. Appropriate test preparation practices may help test takers target their studying and improve overall language ability while simultaneously help them attain higher test scores. In sharp contrast, improper test preparation practices aim to teach students “tricks to beat the test” that may artificially inflate their test scores, and have little to no effect on test takers’ actual language ability (Koretz, 2005). Such inflated test scores are of grave concern for university entrance administrators, immigration officials, and potential employers. For instance, university students with inflated test scores will most likely struggle in their first-year courses and unduly strain the support services provided (e.g., Campbell & Li, 2008; May & Kettle, 2010).
Real Time Vowel Tremolo Detection Using Low Level Audio Descriptors

This paper resumes the results of a research conducted in a music production situation Therefore, it is more a final lab report, a prospective methodology then a scientific experience. The methodology we are presenting was developed as an answer to a musical problem raised by the Italian composer Marta Gentilucci. The problem was "how to extract a temporal structure from a vowel tremolo, on a tenuto (steady state) pitch. " The musical goal was to apply, in a compositional context the vowel tremolo time structure on a tenuto pitch chord, as a transposition control.In this context we decide to follow, to explore the potential of low-level MPEG7 audio descriptors to build event detection functions. One of the main problems using low-level audio descriptors in audio analysis is the redundancy of information among them. We describe an "ad hoc" interactive methodology, based on side effect use of dimensionality reduction by PCA, to choose a feature from a set of low-level audio descriptors, to be used to detect a vowel tremolo rhythm. This methodology is supposed to be interactive and easy enough to be used in a live creative context.
The Impact of Critically Reflective Teaching: A Continuum of Rhetoric

ABSTRACT This qualitative case study explored teaching approaches designed to develop critically reflective thinking (CRT) for preservice teachers in an urban, secondary teacher preparation program. Despite concerted use of CRT within course lessons, online discussions, and case studies, participants demonstrated varying degrees in their understanding of diversity and how they will respond in their teaching practices. Findings speak to the critical importance for teacher preparation that acknowledges conceptual readiness and receptivity among preservice teachers when challenging beliefs regarding diversity using critically reflective pedagogy. Findings will inform other teacher educators in the development of pedagogy and the tools for supporting critically reflective thinking, problem solving, and decision making in urban schools.
Phase II Trial of Short-Course R-Chop Followed by 90Y-Ibritumomab Tiuxetan in Previously Untreated High-Risk Elderly Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment with 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan following a short-course of rituximab with cyclophosphamide-adriamycin-vincristine-prednisone (R-CHOP) in high-risk elderly patients with previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Experimental Design: From December 2006 to October 2008, 55 high-risk elderly (age ≥60 years) untreated DLBCL patients were treated in seven Italian institutions with a short-course of chemotherapy consisting of four cycles of R-CHOP21 followed by 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan 6 to 10 weeks later. Results: Of the 55 patients, 48 underwent radioimmunotherapy. The overall response rate to the entire treatment regimen was 80%, including 73% complete remissions and 7% partial remissions. Eight (50%) of the 16 patients who achieved less than a complete response with CHOP improved their remission status after 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan administration. With a median follow-up of 18 months, the 2-year progression-free survival was estimated to be 85%, with a 2-year overall survival of 86%. 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan toxicity consisted of grade 3 to 4 hematologic toxicity in 28 of 48 patients, mainly neutropenia (23 patients) and thrombocytopenia (15 patients). Red cells and/or platelets transfusions were given to three patients. Conclusion: This study evaluated the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of a short-course R-CHOP21 regimen followed by 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan in high-risk elderly DLBCL patients. Clin Cancer Res; 16(15); 3998–4004. ©2010 AACR.
Delay Analysis for Wireless Local Area Networks with Multipacket Reception under Finite Load

To date, most analysis of WLANs has been focused on their operation under saturation condition. This work is an attempt to understand the fundamental performance of WLANs under unsaturated condition. In particular, we are interested in the delay performance when collisions of packets are resolved by an exponential backoff mechanism. Using a multiple-vacation queueing model, we derive an explicit expression for packet delay distribution. It is found that under some circumstances, mean delay and delay jitter may approach infinity even when the traffic load is way below the saturation throughput. Saturation throughput is therefore not a sound measure of WLAN capacity when the underlying applications are delay sensitive. To bridge the gap, we define safe-bounded-mean-delay (SBMD) throughput and safe-bounded-delay-jitter (SBDJ) throughput that reflect the actual network capacity users can enjoy when they require bounded mean delay and delay jitter, respectively. The analytical model in this paper is general enough to cover both single-packet reception (SPR) and multi-packet reception (MPR) WLANs, as well as carrier-sensing and non-carrier- sensing networks. We show that the SBMD and SBDJ throughputs scale super-linearly with the MPR capability of a network. Together with our earlier work that proves super-linear throughput scaling under saturation condition, our results here complete the demonstration of MPR as a powerful capacity-enhancement technique for both delay-sensitive and delay-tolerant applications.
Detection of apnoeic and breathing activity through pole-zero analysis of the SpO2 signal

A new method using autoregressive modelling and pole tracking is proposed to detect cyclical activity within the oxygen saturation signal, SpO2, for subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). OSA is a sleep condition whereby the upper airway is obstructed and a cessation in respiration (apnoea) occurs. The three types of detected activity include: apnoea, mix, and normal breathing, where mix, refers to breathing with a low-frequency component. Overall classifications produced by the analysis are in close agreement with expert scoring of the database. Furthermore, the pole-zero analysis method allows, for the first time, the mix sections to be identified automatically
Scaffolds in Tendon Tissue Engineering

Tissue engineering techniques using novel scaffold materials offer potential alternatives for managing tendon disorders. Tissue engineering strategies to improve tendon repair healing include the use of scaffolds, growth factors, cell seeding, or a combination of these approaches. Scaffolds have been the most common strategy investigated to date. Available scaffolds for tendon repair include both biological scaffolds, obtained from mammalian tissues, and synthetic scaffolds, manufactured from chemical compounds. Preliminary studies support the idea that scaffolds can provide an alternative for tendon augmentation with an enormous therapeutic potential. However, available data are lacking to allow definitive conclusion on the use of scaffolds for tendon augmentation. We review the current basic science and clinical understanding in the field of scaffolds and tissue engineering for tendon repair.
An interactive multidimensional data display and analysis system

(Submitted to A.E.C. Scientific Computer Information Exchange Meeting, May 2-3, 1974) PRIM-9 is an interactive data display and analysis system for the examination and dissection of multidimensional data. It allows the user to manipulate and view point sets in up to nine dimensions. This is accomplished by providing all 36 two-dimensional projections along the original axes at the push of a button, along with the ability to rotate the data to any desired orientation. These rotations are performed in real time and in a continuous manner under operator control. From the parallax effect, arising from the dynamic aspect of this continuous rotation, one perceives a third dimension (depth into the screen). PRIM-9 gives the operator the ability to perform manual projection pursuit. That is, by rotation and view change he can look at his data from all possible angles in the multidimensional space and try to find those that provide interesting structure. The system also allows interactive masking and isolation. The user can conveniently mask on any or all of the current variables, thus isolating interesting structures found:long the way. These interesting structures can then be further analyzed alone, or may be subtracted from the total sample to simplify the search for still other structures. In addition to this strategy, the user may invoke an automatic projection pursuit algorithm. Starting at any projection (view), this numerical algorithm will search (in much the same manner as a human operator) for those projections that provide interesting structure. The system also incorporates the ability to save either temporarily,or permanent13 any interesting view that is found. The operator can return to these views at any later time or reproduce them on a hard copy device. *Supported by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission under Contract AT(043)515 **Prepared in part in connection with research at Princeton University supported by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.
Identification of an endosomal antigen specific to absorptive cells of suckling rat ileum

A membrane fraction enriched in apical endosomal tubules was isolated from absorptive cells of suckling rat ileum and used as an immunogen to generate anti-endosome monoclonal antibodies. By immunofluorescence, one of these antibodies bound exclusively to the region of the apical endocytic complex in ileal absorptive cells, but not to other cell types. Immunoblot analysis showed the antigen as a diffuse 55-61-kD band which was highly enriched in the endosome fraction over whole-cell homogenate. The antigen appears to be an intramembrane glycoprotein: it partitioned primarily in the detergent phase after TX-114 extraction, and shifted to 44 kD after chemical deglycosylation. EM immunocytochemistry showed that the antibody bound to the luminal side of endosomal tubule membranes, a portion of endosomal vesicle membranes, and in endocytic pits of apical plasma membranes. However, it did not bind to multivesicular bodies, the giant lysosome, or other organelles. Immunocytochemistry after uptake with adsorbed or soluble tracer proteins showed that the antigen labeled portions of both prelysosomal pathways previously described in these cells (Gonnella, P.A., and M. R. Neutra, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 99:909-917). The function of this glycoprotein is not known, but inasmuch as it has been detected only in absorptive cells of suckling rat ileum, it may serve a function specific to these cells. Nevertheless, this endosomal antigen, designated glycoprotein (gp) 55-61, will serve as a useful marker for exploring membrane dynamics in early stages of the endocytic pathway.
Spatio-spectral uniform multi-frame coded apertures for compressive spectral imaging

The multi-frame coded aperture snapshot spectral imaging (CASSI) system senses the spectral information of a scene through a small set of compressive measurements. These measurements are structured projections of the scene obtained by applying a coded aperture pattern which determines the quality of the image reconstructions. Thus, the coded aperture is crucial in CASSI inasmuch as it determines the transfer function of the system. This paper presents the design of a set of spatio-spectral uniform multi-frame (SUM) coded apertures for compressive spectral imaging. Simulations show that the SUM codes provide higher quality image reconstructions with respect to the random coded apertures.
Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility in linear measurements on axial images obtained by cone-beam computed tomography

Purpose This study was performed to investigate the intra- and inter-observer variability in linear measurements with axial images obtained by PreXion (PreXion Inc., San Mateo, USA) and i-CAT (Imaging Sciences International, Xoran Technologies Inc., Hatfield, USA) CBCT scanners, with different voxel sizes. Materials and Methods A cylindrical object made from nylon with radiopaque markers (phantom) was scanned by i-CAT and PreXion 3D devices. For each axial image, measurements were taken twice in the horizontal (distance A-B) and vertical (distance C-D) directions, randomly, with a one-week interval between measurements, by four oral radiologists with five years or more experience in the use of these measuring tools. Results All of the obtained linear measurements had lower values than those of the phantom. The statistical analysis showed high intra- and inter-observer reliability (p=0.297). Compared to the real measurements, the measurements obtained using the i-CAT device and PreXion tomography, on average, revealed absolute errors ranging from 0.22 to 0.59 mm and from 0.23 to 0.63 mm, respectively. Conclusion It can be concluded that both scanners are accurate, although the linear measurements are underestimations, with no significant differences between the evaluators.
Real-time clothing recognition in surveillance videos

Recognition of clothing categories from videos is appealing to emerging applications such as intelligent customer profile analysis and computer-aided fashion design. This paper presents a complete system to tag clothing categories in real-time, which addresses some practical complications in surveillance videos. Specifically, we take advantage of face detection and tracking to locate human figures and develop an efficient clothing segmentation method utilizing Voronoi images to select seeds for region growing. We compare clothing representations combining color histograms and 3 different texture descriptors. Evaluated on a video dataset with 937 persons and 25441 cloth instances, the system demonstrates promising results in recognizing 8 clothing categories.
On the existence of the self map v 9 2 on the SmithToda complex V (1) at the prime 3, Contemp

Let V (1) be the Smith-Toda complex at the prime 3. We prove that there exists a map v9 2 : Σ 144V (1) → V (1) that is a K(2) equivalence. This map is used to construct various v2-periodic infinite families in the 3-primary stable homotopy groups of spheres.
A transcriptional enhancer required for the differential expression of the human estrogen receptor in breast cancers

Breast cancers lacking estrogen receptor (ER) expression have an adverse prognosis and fail to respond to endocrine therapy. We have identified a transcriptional enhancer in the human ER gene which is differentially active in ER-positive (ER+) and ER-negative (ER-) human breast cancer cell lines. Enhancer function was mapped to a 35-bp element located from -3778 to -3744 upstream of the major human ER mRNA start site, which we have termed ER-EH0 (for estrogen receptor enhancer). Gel retardation assays with ER+ and ER- cell lines identified multiple DNA-protein complexes which specifically form on this enhancer. One of these complexes could be supershifted by anti-Jun or anti-Fos antibodies, identifying it as an AP-1-containing complex. Methylation interference assays suggest binding of factors to both the AP-1 site and adjacent base pairs. Enhancer activity requires both the AP-1 site and these adjacent sequences. Mutations introduced into ER-EH0 and the recently described proximal promoter element ERF-1 in the context of the full-length promoter confirm ER-EH0 as the dominant cis-acting element involved in differential ER expression.
Aspectual Reflection

With most of today’s aspect-oriented language extensions, developers have both aspectual and core reflection mechanisms available to them. From a software engineering point of view, these mechanisms serve different purposes in different application areas. This paper explores to what extent aspectual and core reflection overlap. Interactions of aspectual and core reflection are discussed based on practical observations in concrete examples.
MRI Brain Image Segmentation Algorithm Using Watershed Transform and Kernel Fuzzy C-Means Clustering on Level Set Method

A new method for image segmentation is proposed in this paper, which combines the watershed transform, KFCM and level set method. The watershed transform is first used to presegment the image so as to get the initial partition of it. Some useful information of the primitive regions and boundaries can be obtained. The kernel fuzzy c-means (KFCM) was used to generate an initial contour curve which overcomes leaking at the boundary during the curve propagation. KFCM algorithm computes the fuzzy membership values for each pixel. On the basis of KFCM the edge indicator function was redefined. Using the edge indicator function of a MRI image was performed to extract the boundaries of objects on the basis of the presegmentation. Therefore, the proposed method is computationally efficient. Moreover, the algorithm can localize the boundary of the regions exactly due to the edges obtained by the watersheds. The efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm is demonstrated by the experiments on the MR brain images. The above process of segmentation showed a considerable improvement in the evolution of the level set function.
False-Peaks-Avoiding Mean Shift Method for Unsupervised Peak-Valley Sliding Image Segmentation

The mean shift (MS) algorithm is sensitive to local peaks. In this paper, we show both empirically and analytically that when using sample data, the reconstructed PDF may have false peaks. We show how the occurrence of the false peaks is related to the bandwidth h of the kernel density estimator, using examples of gray-level image segmentation. It is well known that in MS-based approaches, the choice of h is important: we provide a quantitative relationship between false peaks and h. For the gray-level image segmentation problem, we provide a complete unsupervised peak-valley sliding algorithm for gray- level image segmentation.