Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influenza Patients Are Invisible in the Web: Traditional Model Still Improves the State of the Art Web Based Influenza Surveillance

Although web-based information extraction systems draw much attention, most of such systems assume that the web directly reflects the real world. For instance, Google flu trend, which is one of the-state-of-the-art influenza surveillance systems, relies on the basic idea that the amount of the influenza related search queries directly correlates with the number of the influenza patients. However, the real patients suffering from influenza symptoms are invisible in the web, because they do not use Internet. Considering this gap, this paper employs an infectious model, assuming that a potential patient utilizes Internet at the first sign of flu. The proposed model improves two types of the state-of-the-art systems, Google based system (from 0.837 correlation to 0.928) and Twitter based system (from 0.898 correlation to 0.918). This study demonstrated that a simple model could easily improve the web-based surveillance.
Supply Responsiveness Of Maize Farmers In Kenya: A Farm-Level Analysis

This study assessed how responsive maize output is to price and non-price factors and how sensitive fertilizer and labour demand are to prices and non-price factors using cross-sectional farm-level data for 334 maize producing households in the High Potential Maize Zone of Kenya. The study employed normalized restricted translog profit function to estimate maize supply and variable input demand elasticities. Results show that maize price support is an inadequate policy for expanding maize supply. Fertilizer use was found to be particularly important in the decisions on resource allocation in maize production. Of the fixed inputs, land area was found to be the most important factor contributing to the supply of maize. It is suggested that making fertilizer prices affordable to small holder farmers by making public investment in rural infrastructure and efficient port facilities, and promoting standards of commerce that provide the incentives for commercial agents to invest in fertilizer importation, wholesaling and retailing would be desirable. Encouraging more intensive use of other productivity enhancing inputs in addition to fertilizer is also suggested, since land consolidation to achieve economies of scale may seem untenable in the light of the existing extensive sub-division of land parcels into uneconomical units.
Migration to Switzerland: Some New Evidence

Switzerland has experienced a substantial influx of immigrants over the 50 years since World War II, to the extent that it now has one of the highest share of foreigners in population among OECD countries. This paper analyses Switzerland’s experience of migration, centring on two main issues: the economic effects of migration and the labour market performance of immigrants. Two main results emerge from our study: first, as a result of shortcomings of the Swiss migration policy, immigrants tend to have a negative impact on the Swiss economy; and second, the analysis of labour market performance shows that there are substantial discrepancies in the performance of immigrants from different countries of origin. Immigrants from North European countries largely outperform immigrants from South European and non-European countries. On the basis of the empirical analysis, this study finally outlines some reform options for Swiss migration policy.
Dynamic programming search techniques for across-word modelling in speech recognition

We describe the integration of across-word models in the RWTH large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system, where our main focus is on the realization of the acoustic recognition process. This paper presents a study of two search methods based on the principle of dynamic programming. For both methods we discuss the implementation details and give experimental results on the Verbmobil and on the Wall Street Journal data. In addition, we introduce a score interpolation of within-word and across-word models for both search methods. In combination with across-word models this interpolation technique gives an improvement of the recognition accuracy by 14% relative to our standard system.
Evaluating State Levies for Higher Education

Abstract . In a number of developed countries, tax incentives for universities have improved the quantity and quality of graduates; in the long run, recapture tax potential losses have grown due to workforces with high levels of income. Therefore it is essential to review policies on state levies in Indonesia, since only 4% of the total national workforce have university-level education. The research maps and evaluates various forms of tax incentives for education under various tax regimes. Data is gathered through documentation study, extensive interviews, and focused group discussions. The policies are evaluated using the six policy criteria proposed by Dunn (2003). Research shows that there are many types of state levies for education, both in the form of taxes and non-tax state revenue (PNBP). In general, current policies for income tax (PPh) incentives are more progressive compared to those of previous tax regimes, although other tax incentive policies still face many limitations. Furthermore, tax incentives for higher education have not fully met the requirements for effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness and appropriateness. It is our hope that findings from this research will serve as recommendations for policymakers in refining policies on tax incentives for higher education. Keywords : tax incentives, tax exemptions, tax deductions, vat exemption, (state) levies, higher education.
Molecular gene organisation and secondary structure of the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA from the cultivated Basidiomycota Agrocybe aegerita: a 13 kb gene possessing six unusual nucleotide extensions and eight introns.

The complete gene sequence and secondary structure of the mitochondrial LSU rRNA from the cultivated Basidiomycota Agrocybe aegerita was derived by chromosome walking. The A.aegerita LSU rRNA gene (13 526 nt) represents, to date, the longest described, due to the highest number of introns (eight) and the occurrence of six long nucleotidic extensions. Seven introns belong to group I, while the intronic sequence i5 constitutes the first typical group II intron reported in a fungal mitochondrial LSU rDNA. As with most fungal LSU rDNA introns reported to date, four introns (i5-i8) are distributed in domain V associated with the peptidyl-transferase activity. One intron (i1) is located in domain I, and three (i2-i4) in domain II. The introns i2-i8 possess homologies with other fungal, algal or protozoan introns located at the same position in LSU rDNAs. One of them (i6) is located at the same insertion site as most Ascomycota or algae LSU introns, suggesting a possible inheritance from a common ancestor. On the contrary, intron i1 is located at a so-far unreported insertion site. Among the six unusual nucleotide extensions, five are located in domain I and one in domain V. This is the first report of a mitochondrial LSU rRNA gene sequence and secondary structure for the whole Basidiomycota division.
Heterotopic Ossifications in a Mouse Model of Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy

Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is characterized by short stature, brachydactyly, and often heterotopic ossifications that are typically subcutaneous. Subcutaneous ossifications (SCO) cause considerable morbidity in AHO with no effective treatment. AHO is caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in those GNAS exons encoding the α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gαs). When inherited maternally, these mutations are associated with obesity, cognitive impairment, and resistance to certain hormones that mediate their actions through G protein-coupled receptors, a condition termed pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a (PHP1a). When inherited paternally, GNAS mutations cause only AHO but not hormonal resistance, termed pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP). Mice with targeted disruption of exon 1 of Gnas (Gnas E1−/+) replicate human PHP1a or PPHP phenotypically and hormonally. However, SCO have not yet been reported in Gnas E1+/− mice, at least not those that had been analyzed by us up to 3 months of age. Here we now show that Gnas E1−/+ animals develop SCO over time. The ossified lesions increase in number and size and are uniformly detected in adult mice by one year of age. They are located in both the dermis, often in perifollicular areas, and the subcutis. These lesions are particularly prominent in skin prone to injury or pressure. The SCO comprise mature bone with evidence of mineral deposition and bone marrow elements. Superficial localization was confirmed by radiographic and computerized tomographic imaging. In situ hybridization of SCO lesions were positive for both osteonectin and osteopontin. Notably, the ossifications were much more extensive in males than females. Because Gnas E1−/+ mice develop SCO features that are similar to those observed in AHO patients, these animals provide a model system suitable for investigating pathogenic mechanisms involved in SCO formation and for developing novel therapeutics for heterotopic bone formation. Moreover, these mice provide a model with which to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of bone formation.
Inducing Word Senses for Cross-lingual Document Clustering

Cross-lingual document clustering is the task of automatically organizing a large collection of cross-lingual documents into a few groups according to their content or topic. It is well known that language barrier and translation ambiguity are two challenging issues for cross-lingual document representation. To address such issues, we propose to represent cross-lingual documents through statistical word senses, which are learned from a parallel corpus by means of a novel cross-lingual word sense induction model. Furthermore, a sense clustering method is adopted to discover semantic relation of word senses, which are used to represent cross-lingual documents through a sense-based vector space model. Evaluation on a benchmarking dataset shows that the proposed model outperforms two state-of-the-art models in cross-lingual document clustering.
ResponseNet2.0: revealing signaling and regulatory pathways connecting your proteins and genes—now with human data

Genome sequencing and transcriptomic profiling are two widely used approaches for the identification of human disease pathways. However, each approach typically provides a limited view of disease pathways: Genome sequencing can identify disease-related mutations but rarely reveals their mode-of-action, while transcriptomic assays do not reveal the series of events that lead to the transcriptomic change. ResponseNet is an integrative network-optimization approach that we developed to fill these gaps by highlighting major signaling and regulatory molecular interaction paths that connect disease-related mutations and genes. The ResponseNet web-server provides a user-friendly interface to ResponseNet. Specifically, users can upload weighted lists of proteins and genes and obtain a sparse, weighted, molecular interaction subnetwork connecting them, that is biased toward regulatory and signaling pathways. ResponseNet2.0 enhances the functionality of the ResponseNet web-server in two important ways. First, it supports analysis of human data by offering a human interactome composed of proteins, genes and micro-RNAs. Second, it offers a new informative view of the output, including a randomization analysis, to help users assess the biological relevance of the output subnetwork. ResponseNet2.0 is available at http://netbio.bgu. ac.il/respnet .
Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence and Risk in the United States based on NHANES 2001-2012 Data

Purpose: The purpose of the current investigation was to assess Metabolic Syndrome prevalence and risk estimates using United States nationally representative data. Methods: Study sample was derived from 6 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cohorts from 2001-2012, N = 9,326 (male: n = 4,814; female: n = 4,512) including ages 18-59 presenting as fasted for 12 hours prior to laboratories collection. Variables included AHA/NHBLI Metabolic Syndrome classification criteria as well as additional cardiometabolic measures. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and risk factors across cohorts as well as relative risk estimates were derived. Estimates were adjusted for age, race, and sex. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between Metabolic Syndrome prevalence across cohorts. The order of Metabolic Syndrome criteria from highest to lowest risk were waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL, fasting plasma glucose, and blood pressure for the total sample and across sex, with women presenting with larger risk estimates than men. Women had larger prevalence of waist circumference, HDL, and blood pressure risk factors compared to men who had a larger prevalence of triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose risk factors. Those presenting with Metabolic Syndrome were twice as likely to have a cardiovascular event. Conclusion: Waist circumference and triglycerides were the Metabolic Syndrome risk factors with the highest prevalence and associated risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome. Those with Metabolic Syndrome were at increased risk of having a cardiovascular event.
Compile-time Optimization and Customization in Java and C + MPI

To achieve both of runtime efficiency and maintainability of large-scale and complicated software especially with dynamicity, portability, and concurrency, programmers have strong desire to customize and optimize their software as they need. For exmaple, they may need to perform platform-specific optimizations so as to adapt their software from embedded systems and hand-held devices all the way up to large-scale servers and massively parallel processors (MPPs). Also, they may need to perform application-specific optimizations such as selection of compilation strategies, runtime partial evaluation, as well as application-specific idiom recognition. However, such customizations and/or optimizations generally require complicated program transformation which could only be done by highly-experienced programmers or compiler experts. These situations lead us to the necessity to develop more flexible approaches to make users-demanded customizations and optimizations easier. From such a perspective, this thesis focuses on two different kinds of runtime environments, namely Java and C + MPI, which could be problematic to achieve both of runtime efficiency and maintainability of large-scale and complicated software. Java is a portable and dynamic programming language which has a runtime environent which employs portable intermediate representations named Java bytecode and utilizes Just-In-Time (JIT) compilers, which compile (parts of) programs into native code at run-time. However, all the Java JIT compilers today only largely focus on standard platforms such as Workstations and Desktop PCs, and stress optimizing for speeding up single-threaded execution of general programs. As a result, Java programmers have neither effective measures to customize their programs for embedded systems, nor to optimize their programs by employing any advanced compilation strategies. C + MPI, on the other hand, is gaining acceptance as a standard for message-passing in high-performance computing, due to its powerful and flexible support of various communication styles. C + MPI is used not only for writing new parallel applications, but also as an effective tool for parallelizing existing applications, as well as serving as an underlying message-passing library for implementations of parallel languages, such as High Performance Fortran (HPF). However, the complexity of its API poses significant software overhead, and C + MPI
ALPHASUM: A Score Matrix Based on Low Identity All-alpha Proteins

Aligning protein sequences using a score matrix has became a routine but valuable method in modern biological research. However, alignment in "Twilight Zone" is still a challenging issue. New score matrices such as Position Specific Score Matrix and structural context-based matrix have been issued to deal with it, whereas generalized matrices are still useful in pairwise alignment and/or some steps of generating profiles. Family-specific matrices have been proved effective in improving alignment, whereas the generalization of them is reduced. ALPHASUM, a score matrix based on structure alignment of low identity all-alpha proteins is constructed. Performance comparison suggests substitution pattern difference between all-alpha proteins and all proteins and indicates that alignment of all-alpha proteins in "Twilight Zone" can be improved by using alpha class-specific matrix and gap penalties. The implication between structure-derived matrix and influence of amino acid substitution to structure is also suggested.
Ring finger protein 10 is a novel synaptonuclear messenger encoding activation of NMDA receptors in hippocampus

Synapses and nuclei are connected by bidirectional communication mechanisms that enable information transfer encoded by macromolecules. Here, we identified RNF10 as a novel synaptonuclear protein messenger. RNF10 is activated by calcium signals at the postsynaptic compartment and elicits discrete changes at the transcriptional level. RNF10 is enriched at the excitatory synapse where it associates with the GluN2A subunit of NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Activation of synaptic GluN2A-containing NMDARs and induction of long term potentiation (LTP) lead to the translocation of RNF10 from dendritic segments and dendritic spines to the nucleus. In particular, we provide evidence for importin-dependent long-distance transport from synapto-dendritic compartments to the nucleus. Notably, RNF10 silencing prevents the maintenance of LTP as well as LTP-dependent structural modifications of dendritic spines. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.12430. 001
HUMAN FACTORS INVOLVEMENT IN BRINGING THE POWER OF AI TO A HETEROGENEOUS USER POPULATION

This paper describes the Human Factors involvement in developing COMPAQ QuickSolve, an electronic problem-solving and information system for Compaq's line of networked printers. Empowering customers with expert system technology so they could solve advanced network printer problems on their own was a major goal in designing this system. This process would minimize customer down-time, reduce the number of phone calls to the Compaq Customer Support Center, improve customer satisfaction and, most importantly, differentiate Compaq printers in the marketplace by providing the best, and most technologically advanced, customer support. This represents a re-engineering of Compaq's customer support strategy and implementation. In its first generation system, SMART, the objective was to provide expert knowledge to Compaq's help desk operation to more quickly and correctly answer customer questions and problems. QuickSolve is a second generation system in that customer support is put directly in the hands of the consumers (an example of "knowledge publishing"). As a result, the design of QuickSolve presented a number of challenging issues. Because the product would be used by a diverse and heterogeneous set of users, a significant amount of human factors research and analysis was required while designing and implementing the system. Research that shaped the organization and design of the expert system component as well.
SAIR measures spectral components of the brightness temperature distribution in the Field Of View

In this paper, a nontrivial sampling clock imperfection analysis is presented for Synthetic Aperture Interferometric Radiometers (SAIR). Sampling clock determines the edges at which analog radiometric demodulated signal are digitized for digital correlation, and its jitter and skew could lead to SAIR performance degradations. Firstly, the jitter and skew contributions to visibility uncertainty degradation is analyzed by SAIR correlation principles. Secondly, clock jitter effects on Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) SNR is demonstrated, and this effect is quantitatively evaluated by Time Interval Error (TIE) jitter. The jitter simulation method by Phase Noise Integration (PNI) is also proposed. Thirdly, the Phase Synchronization Method (PCM) is presented to decrease the clock skews between correlation channel pairs to improve decorrelation effects. The experimental verifications for clock jitter and skews are conducted on the BHU-2DU SAIR instrument, and the contributions of this paper are concluded. This paper has proposed nontrivial imperfection analysis for SAIR sampling clock, and the conclusions could be used for SAIR and polarimetric radiometer digital correlation designs. Key-Words: Samping Clock, Jitter, Skew, SAIR, Visibility Uncertainty, SNR, TIE Jitter
Automatic generation of lexical resources for opinion mining: models, algorithms and applications

Opinion mining is a recent discipline at the crossroads of Information Retrieval and of Computational Linguistics which is concerned not with the topic a document is about, but with the opinion it expresses. It has a rich set of applications, ranging from tracking users' opinions about products or about political candidates as expressed in online forums, to customer relationship management.
The convex hull property of noncompact hypersurfaces with positive curvature

We prove that in Euclidean space R n +1 , every metrically complete, positively curved immersed hypersurface M , with compact boundary ∂ M , lies outside the convex hull of ∂ M provided that ∂ M is embedded on the boundary of a convex body and n 2. For n = 2, on the other hand, we construct examples which contradict this property.
Characterizing Blood Metabolomics Profiles Associated with Self-Reported Food Intakes in Female Twins

Using dietary biomarkers in nutritional epidemiological studies may better capture exposure and improve the level at which diet-disease associations can be established and explored. Here, we aimed to identify and evaluate reproducibility of novel biomarkers of reported habitual food intake using targeted and non-targeted metabolomic blood profiling in a large twin cohort. Reported intakes of 71 food groups, determined by FFQ, were assessed against 601 fasting blood metabolites in over 3500 adult female twins from the TwinsUK cohort. For each metabolite, linear regression analysis was undertaken in the discovery group (excluding MZ twin pairs discordant [≥1 SD apart] for food group intake) with each food group as a predictor adjusting for age, batch effects, BMI, family relatedness and multiple testing (1.17x10-6 = 0.05/[71 food groups x 601 detected metabolites]). Significant results were then replicated (non-targeted: P<0.05; targeted: same direction) in the MZ discordant twin group and results from both analyses meta-analyzed. We identified and replicated 180 significant associations with 39 food groups (P<1.17x10-6), overall consisting of 106 different metabolites (74 known and 32 unknown), including 73 novel associations. In particular we identified trans-4-hydroxyproline as a potential marker of red meat intake (0.075[0.009]; P = 1.08x10-17), ergothioneine as a marker of mushroom consumption (0.181[0.019]; P = 5.93x10-22), and three potential markers of fruit consumption (top association: apple and pears): including metabolites derived from gut bacterial transformation of phenolic compounds, 3-phenylpropionate (0.024[0.004]; P = 1.24x10-8) and indolepropionate (0.026[0.004]; P = 2.39x10-9), and threitol (0.033[0.003]; P = 1.69x10-21). With the largest nutritional metabolomics dataset to date, we have identified 73 novel candidate biomarkers of food intake for potential use in nutritional epidemiological studies. We compiled our findings into the DietMetab database (http://www.twinsuk.ac.uk/dietmetab-data/), an online tool to investigate our top associations.