Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Single-molecule techniques make it possible to investigate the behavior of individual biological molecules in solution in real time. These techniques include so-called force spectroscopy approaches such as atomic force microscopy, optical tweezers, flow stretching, and magnetic tweezers. Amongst these approaches, magnetic tweezers have distinguished themselves by their ability to apply torque while maintaining a constant stretching force. Here, it is illustrated how such a “conventional” magnetic tweezers experimental configuration can, through a straightforward modification of its field configuration to minimize the magnitude of the transverse field, be adapted to measure the degree of twist in a biological molecule. The resulting configuration is termed the freely-orbiting magnetic tweezers. Additionally, it is shown how further modification of the field configuration can yield a transverse field with a magnitude intermediate between that of the “conventional” magnetic tweezers and the freely-orbiting magnetic tweezers, which makes it possible to directly measure the torque stored in a biological molecule. This configuration is termed the magnetic torque tweezers. The accompanying video explains in detail how the conversion of conventional magnetic tweezers into freely-orbiting magnetic tweezers and magnetic torque tweezers can be accomplished, and demonstrates the use of these techniques. These adaptations maintain all the strengths of conventional magnetic tweezers while greatly expanding the versatility of this powerful instrument.
Development of ADLER: The Activities of Daily Living Exercise Robot

Robot-assisted therapy devices are being used in the physical and neurological rehabilitation of persons after stroke, which is the leading cause of disability among adults in the United States. Motor gains after robot-assisted therapy may not transfer to functioning on activities of daily living. It is conceivable that carryover after training may be improved through the use of training activities that are patient-centered, engaging and focused on daily living activities. We have developed the activities of daily living exercise robot (ADLER) stroke training environment to test this idea. This environment permits the consistent and repeated practice of daily living tasks such as drinking. This paper describes the ADLER training system
Classifier Introducing Transition Likelihood Model Based on Quantization Residual

Binary codes that are binarizations of features represented by real numbers have recently been used in the object recognition field, in order to achieve reduced memory and robustness with respect to noise. However, binarizing features represented by real numbers has a problem in that a great deal of the information within the features drops out. That is why we focus on quantization residual, which is information that drops out when features are binarized. With this study, we introduce a transition likelihood model into classifiers, in order to take into consideration the possibility that a binary code which has been observed from an image will transition to another binary code. This enables classifications that consider transitions to the desired binary code, even if the observed binary code differs from the actually desired binary code for some reason. From the results of experiments, we confirmed that the proposed method enables an increase in detection performance while maintaining the same levels of memory and computing costs as those for previous methods of binarizing features.
A Taxonomy of Intermediary Integration Strategies in Online Markets

We propose a taxonomy for understanding the structural conditions under which intermediaries in online markets choose their strategies, roles and functions. The fundamental concept behind these choices is integration – vertically and horizontally. Integration is a complex, multidimensional concept influencing the choice of strategy, governance form and business model. We propose a taxonomy identifying a set of structural conditions concerning markets, actors, products and individual transactions determining an intermediary's integration options (map-it). Our taxonomy is built on combining theoretical frameworks as well as evidence from online markets. We demonstrate the use of our taxonomy by applying it to the online financial advice sector. The application reveals how structural conditions make intermediaries choose specific integration options. A Taxonomy of Intermediary Integration Strategies in Online Markets
Extraction of Sartorius Muscle with Tendon Attachment Sites from MR Images by Using Active Shape Model

In this paper, a new approach for segmentation of sartorius muscle (M. sar.) with the tendon attachment sites (TAS) from 3D Magnetic Resonance (MR) Images is presented. The segmented muscle is used in a human gait modeling software. By means of the modeling, the cause of gait pathologies could be diagnosed. In this approach, three Active Shape Models (ASM) are employed. Two of them are 2D models of cross section of bones which contain the begin and the end positions of M. sar and they are used to obtain the vertical span length (VSL) of the muscle. The third one is a 3D model of the M. sar. which is adopted for muscle segmentation via the model-based active contour method. Comparing the results of our approach with manual segmentation by a specialist, the mean deviation of the extraction of TAS position is 4.7 mm and the accuracy of muscle segmentation is 82%.
ParDeepBank : Multiple Parallel Deep Treebanking

This paper describes the creation of an innovative and highly parallel treebank of three languages from different language groups — English, Portuguese and Bulgarian. The linguistic analyses for the three languages are done by compatible parallel automatic HPSG grammars using the same formalism, tools and implementation strategy. The final analysis for each sentence in each language consists of (1) a detailed feature structure analysis by the corresponding grammar and (2) derivative information such as derivation trees, constituent trees, dependency trees, and Minimal Recursion Semantics structures. The parallel sentences are extracted from the Penn Treebank and translated into the other languages. The Parallel Deep Bank (ParDeepBank) has potentially many applications: for HPSG grammar development; machine translation; evaluation of parsers on comparable data; etc.
Roles of GSK3β in Odor Habituation and Spontaneous Neural Activity of the Mouse Olfactory Bulb

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), a multifaceted kinase, is abundantly expressed in the brain, including the olfactory bulb (OB). In resting cells, GSK3β is constitutively active, and its over-activation is presumably involved in numerous brain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. However, the functions of the constitutively active GSK3β in the adult brain under physiological conditions are not well understood. Here, we studied the possible functions of GSK3β activity in the OB. Odor stimulation, or blockade of peripheral olfactory inputs caused by either transgenic knock-out or ZnSO4 irrigation to the olfactory epithelium, all affected the expression level of GSK3β in the OB. When GSK3β activity was reduced by a selective inhibitor, the spontaneous oscillatory activity was significantly decreased in the granule cell layer of the OB. Furthermore, local inhibition of GSK3β activity in the OB significantly impaired the odor habituation ability. These results suggest that GSK3β plays important roles in both spontaneous neural activity and odor information processing in the OB, deepening our understanding of the potential functions of the constitutively active GSK3β in the brain under physiological conditions.
Prediction at First Year of Incident New-Onset Diabetes After Kidney Transplantation by Risk Prediction Models

OBJECTIVE Our aim was to analyze the performance of two scores developed for predicting diabetes in nontransplant populations for identifying kidney transplant recipients with a higher new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation (NODAT) risk beyond the first year after transplantation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed 191 kidney transplants, which had at least 1-year follow-up posttransplant. First-year posttransplant variables were collected to estimate the San Antonio Diabetes Prediction Model (SADPM) and Framingham Offspring Study–Diabetes Mellitus (FOS-DM) algorithm. RESULTS Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of FOS-DM and SADPM scores to predict NODAT were 0.756 and 0.807 (P < 0.001), respectively. FOS-DM and SADPM scores over 75 percentile (hazard ratio 5.074 and 8.179, respectively, P < 0.001) were associated with NODAT. CONCLUSIONS Both scores can be used to identify kidney recipients at higher risk for NODAT beyond the first year. SADPM score detects some 25% of kidney transplant patients with an eightfold risk for NODAT.
Using Text Analysis to Target Government Inspections: Evidence from Restaurant Hygiene Inspections and Online Reviews

Restaurant hygiene inspections are often cited as a success story of public disclosure. Hygiene grades influence customer decisions and serve as an accountability system for restaurants. However, cities (which are responsible for inspections) have limited resources to dispatch inspectors, which in turn limits the number of inspections that can be performed. We argue that NLP can be used to improve the effectiveness of inspections by allowing cities to target restaurants that are most likely to have a hygiene violation. In this work, we report the first empirical study demonstrating the utility of review analysis for predicting restaurant inspection results.
An Electrothermal Model of High Power HBTs for High Efficiency L/S Band Amplifiers

This paper deals with an electrothermal model of high power heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) intended for CAD. The first section describes the model topology and sets the implemented equations that allow to take into account of the physical phenomena. The model also integrates scaling rules function of emitter length (W) and number of fingers (N). For the thermal aspect, low frequency impedance measurement approach has been led. Model simulations have been compared to quasi-isothermal I-V measurements, pulsed S parameters measurements, and load-pull multi-harmonics measurements.
Web Search for a Planet: The Google Cluster Architecture

Amenable to extensive parallelization, Google's web search application lets different queries run on different processors and, by partitioning the overall index, also lets a single query use multiple processors. to handle this workload, Googless architecture features clusters of more than 15,000 commodity-class PCs with fault tolerant software. This architecture achieves superior performance at a fraction of the cost of a system built from fewer, but more expensive, high-end servers.
Circulating tumor cells: A promising marker of predicting tumor response in rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in assessing and predicting tumor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Methods A total of 115 patients with T3-4 and/or N+ rectal cancer were enrolled. All patients received neoadjuvant CRT followed by radical surgery after 6-8 weeks. The pathological results after surgery were evaluated according to tumor regression grade (TRG) classification. Results Based on TRG score, patients were classified as responders (TRG3-4) and non-responders (TRG0-2). The baseline CTC counts of responders were significantly higher than those of non-responders (44.50±11.94 vs. 37.67±15.45, P=0.012). By contrast, the post-CRT CTC counts of responders were significantly lower than those of non-responders (3.61±2.90 vs. 12.08±7.40, P<0.001). According to ROC analysis, Δ%CTC (percentage difference in CTC counts between baseline and post-CRT) was identified as the stronger predictor to discriminate responders from non-responders (AUC: 0.860). The results of multivariate analysis also indicated that post-CRT CTC counts and Δ%CTC were significantly and independently associated with tumor response to CRT. Conclusions The detection of CTCs is a powerful and promising tool for evaluating and predicting responses to neoadjuvant CRT in LARC patients.
Supporting teacher responsiveness in assessment for learning through disciplined noticing

Abstract Assessment for learning (AfL) practices are commonly recommended as effective classroom strategies for providing teachers with information about student understanding. For teachers, the substantive potential of these AfL practices to inform student learning actions depends on what teachers notice and select as a focus and how they interpret and act on the information they have. This paper suggests research on teacher professional noticing has something to offer in understanding how teacher AfL attention and actions are framed in the moment. It explains noticing as a responsive act that invites action that is an inclusive, dynamic and purposeful response to evidence of student ideas. Noticing is what enables a teacher to act on the fly because it informs and underpins possible actions. Three frames of noticing are introduced to guide noticing and action – curriculum connoisseurship, cultural and community connectedness, and collaborative ways of working. Through consideration of classroom events using these frames, teachers become better prepared to choose to respond in the moment creatively. The three frames provide teachers and researchers with a conceptual language to articulate and sharpen their AfL practices as part of a flexible and rigorous responsiveness to their students’ learning.
Low loss hollow-core waveguide on a silicon substrate

Abstract Optical-fiber-based, hollow-core waveguides (HCWs) have opened up many new applications in laser surgery, gas sensors, and non-linear optics. Chip-scale HCWs are desirable because they are compact, light-weight and can be integrated with other devices into systems-on-a-chip. However, their progress has been hindered by the lack of a low loss waveguide architecture. Here, a completely new waveguiding concept is demonstrated using two planar, parallel, silicon-on-insulator wafers with high-contrast subwavelength gratings to reflect light in-between. We report a record low optical loss of 0.37 dB/cm for a 9-μm waveguide, mode-matched to a single mode fiber. Two-dimensional light confinement is experimentally realized without sidewalls in the HCWs, which is promising for ultrafast sensing response with nearly instantaneous flow of gases or fluids. This unique waveguide geometry establishes an entirely new scheme for low-cost chip-scale sensor arrays and lab-on-a-chip applications.
Transient Responses of the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbine under Grid Fault Conditions

Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine (WT) is an integrated part of distributed generation system. The use of DFIG in wind farms is growing rapidly because of its advantages in decoupled active and reactive power control. However, one of the main disadvantages of DFIG is that it is very sensitive to grid faults. To analysis dynamic behaviors of DFIG during grid faults, a model including wind wheel, wind speed, drive train, generator, and converters has been proposed. This paper examines the use of distribution static compensator (D-STATCOM) as a dynamic voltage restorer at the point of common coupling (PCC) to improve the grid fault ride-through (FRT) capability and thereby protecting system stability during disturbances. The simulation results illustrate the transient responses of DFIG when a sudden short circuit at PCC is introduced. Besides, the paper also shows detailed comparisons of the transient behaviors between DFIG and conventional induction generator wind turbine under grid fault conditions.
Relationships of Perfluorooctanoate and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Serum Concentrations between Mother–Child Pairs in a Population with Perfluorooctanoate Exposure from Drinking Water

Background: There are limited data on the associations between maternal or newborn and child exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), including perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). This study provides an opportunity to assess the association between PFAA concentrations in mother–child pairs in a population exposed to PFOA via drinking water. Objectives: We aimed to determine the relationship between mother–child PFAA serum concentrations and to examine how the child:mother ratio varies with child’s age, child’s sex, drinking-water PFOA concentration, reported bottled water use, and mother’s breast-feeding intention. Methods: We studied 4,943 mother–child pairs (children, 1–19 years of age). The child:mother PFAA ratio was stratified by possible determinants. Results are summarized as geometric mean ratios and correlation coefficients between mother–child pairs, overall and within strata. Results: Child and mother PFOA and PFOS concentrations were correlated (r = 0.82 and 0.26, respectively). Up to about 12 years of age, children had higher serum PFOA concentrations than did their mothers. The highest child:mother PFOA ratio was found among children ≤ 5 years (44% higher than their mothers), which we attribute to in utero exposure and to exposure via breast milk and drinking water. Higher PFOS concentrations in children persisted until at least 19 years of age (42% higher than their mothers). Boys > 5 years of age had significantly higher PFOA and PFOS child:mother ratios than did girls. Conclusion: Concentrations of both PFOA and PFOS tended to be higher in children than in their mothers. This difference persisted until they were about 12 years of age for PFOA and at least 19 years of age for PFOS.
Fault detection and diagnosis with parity trees for space compaction of test responses

This paper shows that accurate fault detection and diagnosis are possible when applying a parity tree for space compaction of test responses and continuously observing the parity-tree output. We exploit that each set of faults results in a unique parity-tree output sequence that can be used as a unique fault signature for truly accurate fault detection and diagnosis. Our theoretical analysis shows that probabilities for fault cancellation and fault aliasing are extremely low and decrease with circuit size. Experimental results show that for typical scan chain architecture in large industrial circuits, fault coverage is not affected by parity-tree space compaction for up to 256 scan chains, while diagnostic resolution is reduced by only 1% to 2%
Interferons: cell signalling, immune modulation, antiviral response and virus countermeasures.

IP: 54.70. 40.11 On: Sat, 15 Dec 2018 21:37:32 Journal of General Virology (2000), 81, 2341–2364. Printed in Great Britain .
Urea recycling in sheep: effects of intake

The effect of intake on urea production, entry into the digestive tract and return of N to the ornithine cycle was studied in four sheep. Each sheep received 0–6, 1–2 and 1.8 × estimated maintenance energy intake quantities of grass pellets for 9 d. After 4 d of adjustment, N balance measurements were conducted between days 5 and 8. From day 7 to day 9 animals were continuously infused, via the jugular vein, with [15N15N]urea and three urine samples were collected at approximately 2h intervals 48–54h after the start of infusion. Total urea and enrichments of [15N15N]- and [14N15N]urea in the urine samples were determined. Urea production was calculated from the isotopic dilution of [15N15N]urea and entry into the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) obtained from the difference between this and urinary urea elimination. Urea which enters the GIT undergoes hydrolysis to liberate NH3 which may be reabsorbed and enter the ornithine cycle, in which case the product is [14N15N]urea, based on the probabilities of labelled and unlabelled N providing ureagenic precursors. The quantity of urea-N which returns to the ornithine cycle from the GIT can thus be calculated. Existing models based on this approach yield overestimates of the fate of individual urea molecules due to a failure to allow for multiple recycling of [14N15N]urea species through the GIT. Refinements introduced to cover this resulted in a 33–48 % reduction in calculated return of label for the current study. The present model also predicted that 95 % of the label movements across the GIT could be accommodated by three or fewer entries and returns of urea-N and 99 % by recycling for a maximum of six occasions. Urea-N production increased with intake (P < 0.001) and exceeded digestible N values at all intakes. Urea which entered the digestive tract, both in absolute terms (P < 0.001) and as a proportion of production (0.62, 0.69, 0.73; P = 0.027), increased with intake. The proportion of entry into the digestive tract which was returned to the ornithine cycle remained reasonably constant (0.37–0.41) across all intakes but the absolute amount increased (5.6, 9.2 and 15.0gN/d; P < 0.001) with intake. If allowance is included for losses of 15N in faeces then the approach offers a relatively simple means of estimating anabolic reuse of urea by digestive tract micro-organisms and can complement data obtained from the technically more demanding arterio-venous and multiple-isotope techniques used hitherto. Urea: Gastrointestinal tract: [15N]kinetics: Sheep
A novel CBL-Bflox/flox mouse model allows tissue-selective fully conditional CBL/CBL-B double-knockout: CD4-Cre mediated CBL/CBL-B deletion occurs in both T-cells and hematopoietic stem cells

CBL-family ubiquitin ligases are critical negative regulators of tyrosine kinase signaling, with a clear redundancy between CBL and CBL-B evident in the immune cell and hematopoietic stem cell studies. Since CBL and CBL-B are negative regulators of immune cell activation, elimination of their function to boost immune cell activities could be beneficial in tumor immunotherapy. However, mutations of CBL are associated with human leukemias, pointing to tumor suppressor roles of CBL proteins; hence, it is critical to assess the tumor-intrinsic roles of CBL and CBL-B in cancers. This has not been possible since the only available whole-body CBL-B knockout mice exhibit constitutive tumor rejection. We engineered a new CBL-Bflox/flox mouse, combined this with an existing CBLflox/flox mouse to generate CBLflox/flox; CBL-Bflox/flox mice, and tested the tissue-specific concurrent deletion of CBL and CBL-B using the widely-used CD4-Cre transgenic allele to produce a T-cell-specific double knockout. Altered T-cell development, constitutive peripheral T-cell activation, and a lethal multi-organ immune infiltration phenotype largely resembling the previous Lck-Cre driven floxed-CBL deletion on a CBL-B knockout background establish the usefulness of the new model for tissue-specific CBL/CBL-B deletion. Unexpectedly, CD4-Cre-induced deletion in a small fraction of hematopoietic stem cells led to expansion of certain non-T-cell lineages, suggesting caution in the use of CD4-Cre for T-cell-restricted gene deletion. The establishment of a new model of concurrent tissue-selective CBL/CBL-B deletion should allow a clear assessment of the tumor-intrinsic roles of CBL/CBL-B in non-myeloid malignancies and help test the potential for CBL/CBL-B inactivation in immunotherapy of tumors.
An AdaBoost Algorithm with SVM Based on Nonlinear Decision Function

This paper presents a method of using nonlinear decision function to improve the performance of AdaBoost with SVM based weak learners. Compared with the existing AdaBoostSVM methods,this method, named ERBF-AdaBoostSVM, has advantages of higher hate rate and better generalization performance. This method also provides non-linear separator in the weak learner space and classifies accurately more examples. Experimental results demonstrated that ERBF-AdaBoostSVM achieve better generalization performance and higher hate rate than the existing SVM and AdaBoostSVM methods.