Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonhuman Primate Model of Pertussis

ABSTRACT Pertussis is a highly contagious, acute respiratory illness caused by the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis. Despite nearly universal vaccine coverage, pertussis rates in the United States have been rising steadily over the last 20 years. Our failure to comprehend and counteract this important public health concern is due in large part to gaps in our knowledge of the disease and the mechanisms of vaccine-mediated protection. Important questions about pertussis pathogenesis and mechanisms of vaccine effectiveness remain unanswered due to the lack of an animal model that replicates the full spectrum of human disease. Because current animal models do not meet these needs, we set out to develop a nonhuman primate model of pertussis. We inoculated rhesus macaques and olive baboons with wild-type B. pertussis strains and evaluated animals for clinical disease. We found that only 25% of rhesus macaques developed pertussis. In contrast, 100% of inoculated baboons developed clinical pertussis. A strong anamnestic response was observed when convalescent baboons were infected 6 months following recovery from a primary infection. Our results demonstrate that the baboon provides an excellent model of clinical pertussis that will allow researchers to investigate pertussis pathogenesis and disease progression, evaluate currently licensed vaccines, and develop improved vaccines and therapeutics.
Substance P receptor antagonist I: conversion of phosphoramidate prodrug after i.v. administration to rats and dogs.

A water-soluble phosphoramidate prodrug (L-758,298, compound I) of the potent and selective human Substance P receptor antagonist L-754, 030 (compound II) is under development as an i.v. drug for treatment of emesis, migraine, and chronic pain. Compound I undergoes hydrolysis readily to II under acidic conditions. In the studies reported herein, we investigated the stability of I in blood and hepatic subcellular fractions from rats, dogs, and humans as well as the conversion of I to II in rats and dogs after i.v. dosing. Compound I was converted to II rapidly in rat blood but was stable in dog and human blood. However, the conversion was rapid in liver microsomes prepared from dogs and humans. As expected from the results of in vitro studies, the in vivo conversion of I to II was rapid after i.v. dosing of I to rats and dogs. The relative extent of exposure of II after i.v. dosing of I was estimated by comparing the dose-adjusted area under the plasma concentration versus time curve values of II after i.v. dosing of I with those after i.v. dosing of II. In rats, the extent of exposure was estimated to be approximately 90 and approximately 100% at 1 and 8 mg/kg, respectively; in dogs, that was approximately 59% at 0.5 mg/kg. A nonproportional increase in the area under the concentration versus time curve value of II with dose was observed after i.v. administration of I in dogs from 0.5 to 32 mg/kg, suggesting that the elimination of II might have been saturated at higher doses.
Cross-Country Skiing Gears Classification using Deep Learning

Human Activity Recognition has witnessed a significant progress in the last decade. Although a great deal of work in this field goes in recognizing normal human activities, few studies focused on identifying motion in sports. Recognizing human movements in different sports has high impact on understanding the different styles of humans in the play and on improving their performance. As deep learning models proved to have good results in many classification problems, this paper will utilize deep learning to classify cross-country skiing movements, known as gears, collected using a 3D accelerometer. It will also provide a comparison between different deep learning models such as convolutional and recurrent neural networks versus standard multi-layer perceptron. Results show that deep learning is more effective and has the highest classification accuracy.
Brain creatine elevation and N‐acetylaspartate reduction indicates neuronal dysfunction in the setting of enhanced glial energy metabolism in a macaque model of NeuroAIDS

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has emerged as one of the most informative neuroimaging modalities for studying the effect of HIV infection in the brain, providing surrogate markers by which to assess disease progression and monitor treatment. Reductions in the level of N‐Acetylaspartate and N‐Acetylaspartate/creatine are established markers of neuronal injury or loss. However, the biochemical basis of altered creatine levels in neuroAIDS is not well understood. This study used a rapid progression macaque model of neuroAIDS to elucidate the changes in creatine. As the disease progressed, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed a decrease in N‐Acetylaspartate, indicative of neuronal injury, and an increase in creatine yet to be elucidated. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry and stereology measures of decreased synaptophysin, microtubule‐associated protein 2, and neuronal density confirmed neuronal injury. Furthermore, increases in ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein indicated microglial and astroglial activation, respectively. Given these data, elevated creatine may reflect enhanced high‐energy phosphate turnover in highly metabolizing activated astrocytes and microglia. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HIV-1 Rev protein specifies the viral RNA export pathway by suppressing TAP/NXF1 recruitment

Nuclear RNA export pathways in eukaryotes are often linked to the fate of a given RNA. Therefore, the choice of export pathway should be well-controlled to avoid an unfavorable effect on gene expression. Although some RNAs could be exported by more than one pathway, little is known about how the choice is regulated. This issue is highlighted when the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev protein induces the export of singly spliced and unspliced HIV-1 transcripts. How these RNAs are exported is not well understood because such transcripts should have the possibility of utilizing CRM1-dependent export via Rev or cellular TAP/NXF1-dependent export via the transcription/export (TREX) complex, or both. Here we found that Rev suppressed TAP/NXF1-dependent export of model RNA substrates that recapitulated viral transcripts. In this effect, Rev interacted with the cap-binding complex and inhibited the recruitment of the TREX complex. Thus, Rev controls the identity of the factor occupying the cap-proximal region that determines the RNA export pathway. This ribonucleoprotein remodeling activity of Rev may favor viral gene expression.
Network Calculus for the Validation of Automotive Ethernet In-vehicle Network Configurations

Automotive functions require validation of the underlying network in advance. Especially driver assistance functions may require hard time bounds concerning their communication infrastructure. In several works analytical models have been introduced, enabling the calculation of worst case delays for realtime applications using Ethernet as communication technology. On the other hand considerable effort has been spend to evaluate Ethernet for the use in automotive in-vehicle networks using simulation tools and prototypes. Showing that Ethernet can be used in general for the automotive use, they did not make an assertion about what happens if the worst case occurs. In this work we show by means of an analytic model the worst case analysis of a sample automotive Ethernet network configuration. We show that this configuration satisfies a current set of automotive functions requirements -- even for the worst case.
Scaling up cancer care for children without medical insurance in developing countries: The case of Mexico

In 2006, the Mexican government launched the Fund for Protection Against Catastrophic Expenditures (FPGC) to support financially healthcare of high cost illnesses. This study aimed at answering the question whether FPGC improved coverage for cancer care and to measure survival of FPGC affiliated children with cancer.
Metaphor: Powerful imagery bringing learning and teaching to life

Using metaphor to clarify pedagogical understanding and to anchor teacher beliefs and knowledge to meaningful contextualized mental maps can have powerful consequences in schools. Frequent changes in school staff and clientele present schools with the challenge of how to share culturally specific messages quickly and effectively to those new to the school, whether staff, students or parents. Conscious collective use of metaphor within a school’s meaning-making system has been found to be one of the possible answers. This article explores the use of metaphorical visions within schools that have undertaken the Innovative Designs for Enhancing Achievement in Schools (IDEAS) Project and how the linking of metaphor to understandings of schoolwide practices creates cognitive connections capable of facilitating collective understandings. The duality of meaning through metaphor facilitates a cognitive ‘Place’ where new and old understandings can be shared, explored and enriched. A skilfully chosen and well investigated rich metaphor can capture the essence of what a school community believes to be important for student success. This essence can be shared, refined, reflected upon and used to guide and align understandings of practice. The findings show that the strong reinforcement of cognitive links through the use of metaphor may also sustain cultural understandings of pedagogical practice over the long term.
Two Oligomeric Forms of Plasma Ficolin Have Differential Lectin Activity*

Ficolins are plasma proteins with binding activity for carbohydrates, elastin, and corticosteroids. The ficolin polypeptide has a collagen-like domain that presumably brings three subunits together in a triple helical rod, a C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain (fbg) similar to that of tenascin, which presumably has the binding activities, and a small N-terminal domain that we find to be the primary site for forming the ficolin oligomer. By sedimentation equilibrium we determined that the main plasma form, which we call big ficolin, had mass of 827,000 Da, consistent with 24 subunits. Little ficolin, about half this size, was obtained after binding to a GlcNAc affinity column. Electron microscopy of little ficolin showed a parachute-like structure, with a small globe at one end, corresponding to the 12 N-terminal domains, and the fbg domains clustered together at the ends of the collagen rods. Big ficolin was formed by the face to face fusion of the fbg domains of two little ficolins, leaving the rods and N-terminal domains projecting at opposite ends. Little ficolin maintained a high affinity for the GlcNAc column, and big ficolin had a low affinity or none. The binding sites for ligands may be obscured in this big ficolin oligomer, providing a regulation of their activity.
Secure information transmission for mobile radio

A new technique for secure information transmission in a mobile environment is described. This technique uses the short term reciprocity of the radio channel so that information is intelligible only to an intended receiver. The exchange of information does not require the availability of a common secure key between two users; however, the proposed technique can also be used for cryptographic key agreement between two users.
Wideband DOA estimation based on block FOCUSS with limited samples

Whittaker-Shannon interpolation formula instead of narrowband filter (NF) is used to interpolate the signal more precisely in wideband direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation problem when the number of samples is highly limited. A novel algorithm named block FOCal Underdetermined System Solver (BFOCUSS) is proposed to solve this problem. The simulation results validate the superior performance compared with the other algorithms.
Critical Race Theory, Latino Critical Theory, and Critical Raced-Gendered Epistemologies: Recognizing Students of Color as Holders and Creators of Knowledge

For too long, the histories, experiences, cultures, and languages of students of color have been devalued, misinterpreted, or omitted within formal educational settings. In this article, the author uses critical race theory (CRT) and Latina/Latino critical theory (LatCrit) to demonstrate how critical raced-gendered epistemologies recognize students of color as holders and creators of knowledge. In doing so, she discusses how CRT and LatCrit provide an appropriate lens for qualitative research in the field of education. She then compares and contrasts the experiences of Chicana/Chicano students through a Eurocentric and a critical raced-gendered epistemological perspective and demonstrates that each perspective holds vastly different views of what counts as knowledge, specifically regarding language, culture, and commitment to communities. She then offers implications of critical raced-gendered epistemologies for both research and practice and concludes by discussing some of the critiques of the use of these epistemologies in educational research.
On Received-Signal-Strength Based Localization with Unknown Transmit Power and Path Loss Exponent

In this letter, we consider the received-signal-strength (RSS) based localization problem with unknown transmit power and unknown path loss exponent (PLE). For the case of unknown transmit power, we derive a weighed least squares (WLS) formulation to jointly estimate the sensor node location and the transmit power, based on the unscented transformation (UT). For the case of unknown PLE, we propose an alternating estimation procedure to alternatively estimate the sensor node location and the PLE. The estimation procedure can also be applied to the case when both the transmit power and the PLE are unknown. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
HIV Patient Characteristics that Affect Adherence to Exercise Programmes: An Observational Study

Background: Benefits of exercise for HIV-infected persons have been documented, although in clinical practice, diminished adherence to exercise limits the effectiveness of this auxiliary treatment. Exercise intervention studies carry the caveat that the results are limited to volunteers with good compliance and completion profiles. Objectives: This study aimed to identify characteristics contributing to adherence vs non-adherence to prescribed supervised 10-week 75-minute aerobic and progressive resistance exercise programme in a clinical setting that requires twice-weekly attendance at the physiotherapy gym. Study Design: This observational study was comprised of 11 males and 11 females, physician-assessed, HIV seropositive patients referred to exercise programmes in a tertiary multi-disciplinary outpatient service for HIV patients at an urban Teaching Hospital in London (UK). Measurements taken prior to the exercise programme were used as dependent variables and include CD4 count, fitness level, flexibility and perceived physical-, emotional-, functional- and psychological- well-being. Attendance records were categorised into a dichotomous independent variable of adherence based on a natural break that occurred at 8/20 attended sessions. Results: Prior-to-treatment differences in perceived physical, functional and psychological well-being exist between adherent and non-adherent patients, but no differences were found in age, CD4 count or fitness level. Perceived well-being explained 55.7% of the variances in attendance. Gender and reason for referral appear to be independent of adherence, whereas ethnicity may play an influential role. Conclusion: Perceived well-being appears to differentiate between adherent and non-adherent patients. Further studies are required to investigate other psychological characteristics and barriers to maintaining exercise.
Journal of Documentation Emerald Article : Information creation and the notion of membership

Purpose – This article aims to examine a particular sub-set of human information behavior that has been largely overlooked in the library and information science (LIS) literature; how people are socialized to create and use information. Design/methodology/approach – Naturalism and ethnomethodology were used as theoretical frameworks to examine what a group of fifth grade students were taught about documents, how this information was imparted to them, and how social factors were manifested in the construction and form of those documents. Two concepts are shown to be critical in the explication of students as document creators and users: the notion that there is a “stock of knowledge” that underlies human interaction (some of which relates to recorded information), and that this socialization process forms part of a school’s “hidden curriculum. ” Findings – Students were socialized to be good (in the sense of being competent) creators and users of documents. Part of the role of “being a student” involved learning the underlying norms and values that existed in relation to document creation and use, as well as understanding other norms and values of the classroom that were captured or reflected by documents themselves. Understanding “document work” was shown to be a fundamental part of student affiliation; enabling students to move from precompetent to competent members of a school community. Originality/value – This research demonstrated that people possess a particular stock of knowledge from which they draw when creating and using information. Competence in this aspect of human information behavior, while partly based on one’s own experience, is shown to be largely derived or learned from interaction with others.
Modeling the Effects of Diversity Experiences and Multiple Capitals on Latina/o College Students' Academic Self-Confidence

This study develops a model predicting academic self-confidence for 2nd-year Latina/o college students. Findings indicate that forms of academic, cultural, social, and intercultural capital (the capacity to negotiate diverse racial and ethnic environments) are positively associated with academic self-confidence. The prevalence of negative cross-racial interactions is negatively associated with academic self-confidence. The study's results suggest policy and programming implications to support the development of Latina/o students' academic self-confidence. Este estudio desarrolla un modelo para predecir confianza académica propia en estudiantes universitarios latinas/os de segundo año. Hallazgos indican que formas de capital académico, cultural, social, e intercultural (la capacidad de negociar ambientes diversos raciales y étnicos) están asociadas positivamente con confianza académica propia. La prevalencia de interacciones negativas entre razas está asociada negativamente con confianza académica propia. Los resultados del estudio sugieren implicaciones políticas y de programación para desarrollar la confianza académica de los estudiantes latinas/os.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Alat Peraga pada Materi Hukum Biot Savart di SMA Negeri 1 Prambanan Klaten

Pada kenyataannya masih sedikit sekali sekolah yang memanfaatkan laboratorium, khususnya untuk fisika. Bahkan banyak sekolah yang tidak memiliki alat-alat praktikum fisika. Hal ini tentunya akan mempersulit proses belajar mengajar fisika. Misalnya dalam pembelajaran di SMA, siswa kesulitan untuk memahami materi khususnya dalam pembahasan mengenai medan magnetik, maka perlu dibuat alat peraga atau eksperimen yang menjelaskan tentang medan magnetik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat media pembelajaran alat peraga pada materi hukum biot savart dengan memanfaatkan induksi magnetik yang dihasilkan oleh kumparan, mengetahui bentuk grafik induksi magnetik dengan besarnya kuat arus yang berbeda-beda teganganya, dan membuat modul sebagai panduan praktikum fisika di sekolah pada sub pokok bahasan induksi magnetik. Kumparan yang digunakan adalah kumparan yang berbentuk lingkaran dan memiliki lilitan kawat yang tebal. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bentuk grafik hubungan antara besar induksi magnetik yang dihasilkan oleh kumparan dengan besar kuat arus yang berbeda-beda tegangannya, jumlah lilitan yang digunakan adalah 200 lilitan dan berdiameter 7 cm. Penentuan hubungan grafik antara besar induksi magnetik (B) dan besar kuat arus dilakukan dengan menghitung secara manual, setelah itu menggunakan bantuan microsoft exel untuk membuat grafik. Cara mendeteksi ada medan magnet maupun tidak menggunakan sensor magnet yang dibuat sendiri menggunakan reed switch . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran alat peraga sederhana pada materi hukum biot savart dapat bekerja dengan baik, terbukti alat dapat menghasilkan induksi magnetik (B) dengan cara mendeteksinya menggunakan sensor magnet yang terbuat dari reed switch. Dari grafik hubungan antara besar induksi magnetik (B) yang dihasilkan oleh kumparan dapat diketahui bahwa grafik besar induksi magnetik (B) naik ketika nilai tegangan besar dan jumlah lilitan banyak dan grafik induksi magnetik (B) kecil ketika tegangan kecil dan jumlah lilitan sedikit. Grafik hubungan antar besar induksi magnetik dan besar kuat arus adalah berbentuk linier. Dapat dibuat modul praktikum pengembangan eksperimen alat peraga sederhana pada materi hokum biot savart dengan metode induksi magnetik pada kumparan.
On an exact cosmological solution of higher spin gauge theory

We review our recent exact solution to four-dimensional higher spin gauge theory invariant under a higher spin extension of SO(3,1) and we comment on its cosmological interpretation. We find an effective Einstein-scalar field theory that admits this solution, and we highlight the significance of the Einstein frame and what we call higher spin frame in the cosmological interpretation of the solution. We also compare the properties of the solution with those based on an Einstein-scalar system that arises in a consistent truncation of gauged N=8,D=4 supergravity.
Rejoinder to Harold Blum1

The author's main disagreement with Harold Blum is over Blum's contention that symptomatic improvement is directly linked to the recovery of memories. The idea that memories are laid down in childhood and preserved until the time of their later recovery flies in the face of what we now understand as the creation of memories by the neurobiological systems underpinning this aspect of mental function. No evidence directly links symptomatic improvement to reconstruction and thus to outcome; care should be taken to avoid confusing co‐occurrence with causality. While reconstruction of how things actually were in childhood can significantly contribute to therapeutic action, it is the process rather than the outcome of this reconstruction that is therapeutic, due to the opportunity thus afforded to rework current experiences in the context of other perspectives. The author clarifies his definition of transference to show some areas of agreement between his position and Blum's. He disusses contemporary neuroscientific views on memory and identifies a number of psychoanalytic writers who have used these productively.