Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental expression of p 97 / VCP ( Valosin-containing protein ) and Jab 1 / CSN 5 in the rat testis and epididymis

Background: The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a key player in regulating many cellular processes via proteasomal degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Recently published data show that Jab1/CSN5 interacts with p97/VCP and controls the ubiquitination status of proteins bound to p97/VCP in mouse and human cells. However, coexpression of p97/VCP and Jab1/CSN5 in the developing rat testis and epididymis has not previously been studied. Methods: Testicular and epididymal tissues from 5-, 15-, 30-, and 60-day-old rats were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Colocalisation of proteins was determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: In the 5-day-old rat testis, p97/VCP and Jab1/CSN5 were specifically expressed in gonocytes. The expression of p97/VCP and Jab1/CSN5 significantly increased at day 15 and was found in spermatogonia, Sertoli cells and spermatocytes. In 30and 60-day-old rat testes, p97/VCP indicated moderate to strong expression in Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, round and elongating spermatids. However, moderate to weak expression was observed in spermatocytes. Jab1/CSN5 showed strong expression in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, while relatively moderate expression was observed in round and elongating spermatids in 30and 60-day-old rat testes. In contrast, in the epididymis, the expression of both proteins gradually increased from 5 to 60 days of age. After rats reached 2 weeks of age, the expression of both proteins was mostly restricted to the basal and principal cells of the caput epididymis. Conclusions: Our study suggests that p97/VCP and Jab1/CSN5 could be an important part of the UPS in the developing rat testis and epididymis and that both proteins may be involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis and epididymal epithelial functions.
Comparison of the Inhibitory Effects of Diphenylhydantoin and Diazoxide Upon Insulin Secretion from the Isolated Perfused Pancreas

Both diazoxide and diphenylhydantoin have been shown to cause hyperglycemie in man and to inhibit insulin secretion in vitro. The effects of these two drugs upon the response to 300 mg. /100 ml. glucose were contrasted in the isolated, perfused rat pancreas. Similarities: Both drugs inhibited within seconds. At high concentrations (75 μg./ml.) of either drug, 95 to 100 per cent inhibition occurred. Upon withdrawal, return of secretion was rapid. Differences: During constant (five- and twenty-minute) infusions of diazoxide (10 to 75 μg./ml.), there was an initial fall in secretion and then an “escape” toward pre-inhibition levels; after diazoxide there was a postinhibitory overshoot. In contrast, five-minute infusions of diphenylhydantoin (5 to 75 μg./ml.), and twenty-minute infusions of 25 to 75 μg. /ml. , though causing comparable levels of initial inhibition, did not cause escape or postinhibitory overshoot. However, an incompletely inhibitory concentration of diphenylhydantoin (10 μg./ml.), given for twenty minutes, was followed by this overshoot. Computer simulation, based on the compartmental-quantal model, suggested that diphenylhydantoin inhibits both secretion from a labile insulin compartment and provision of insulin and/or precursor to this compartment. Lower, partially inhibitory concentrations (i.e. 10 μg./ml.) of diphenylhydantoin might allow for some provision to proceed, and thus a postinhibitory overshoot would occur. The escape and overshoot noted with all inhibitory levels of diazoxide, when compared with the simulations, suggested that this drug may act primarily to inhibit a late step in the provisionary phase.
Identification of NY-ESO-1 Peptide Analogues Capable of Improved Stimulation of Tumor-Reactive CTL1

Expression of NY-ESO-1 in a high proportion of different human tumors makes this protein a very attractive vaccine target. NY-ESO-1 peptides, recognized by HLA-A2-restricted CTL, have recently been described. However, it remains unclear how efficiently tumors generate these epitopes, and whether peptide analogues can be used for optimal expansion and activation of NY-ESO-1-specific HLA-A2-restricted CTL. By generating unique CTL clones, we demonstrate that NY-ESO-1-positive tumor cells are efficiently killed by HLA-A2-restricted CTL specific for the peptide epitope NY-ESO-1 157–165. Presentation of this epitope is not affected by the presence or absence of the proteasome subunits low molecular proteins 2 and 7 and is not blocked by proteasome inhibitors, while it is impaired in the TAP-deficient cell line LBL 721.174. NY-ESO-1 157–165 peptide analogues were compared for their antigenicity and immunogenicity using PBL from melanoma patients. Three peptides, containing the carboxyl-terminal cysteine substituted for either valine, isoleucine, or leucine, were recognized at least 100 times more efficiently than the wild-type peptide by specific CTL. Peptide analogues were capable of stimulating the expansion of NY-ESO-1-specific CTL from PBL of melanoma patients much more efficiently than wild-type peptide. These findings define the processing requirements for the generation of the NY-ESO-1 157–165 epitope. Identification of highly antigenic NY-ESO-1 peptide analogues may be important for the development of vaccines capable of expanding NY-ESO-1-specific CTL in cancer patients.
Plant community composition and species richness in the High Arctic tundra: From the present to the future

Abstract Arctic plant communities are altered by climate changes. The magnitude of these alterations depends on whether species distributions are determined by macroclimatic conditions, by factors related to local topography, or by biotic interactions. Our current understanding of the relative importance of these conditions is limited due to the scarcity of studies, especially in the High Arctic. We investigated variations in vascular plant community composition and species richness based on 288 plots distributed on three sites along a coast‐inland gradient in Northeast Greenland using a stratified random design. We used an information theoretic approach to determine whether variations in species richness were best explained by macroclimate, by factors related to local topography (including soil water) or by plant‐plant interactions. Latent variable models were used to explain patterns in plant community composition. Species richness was mainly determined by variations in soil water content, which explained 35% of the variation, and to a minor degree by other variables related to topography. Species richness was not directly related to macroclimate. Latent variable models showed that 23.0% of the variation in community composition was explained by variables related to topography, while distance to the inland ice explained an additional 6.4 %. This indicates that some species are associated with environmental conditions found in only some parts of the coast–inland gradient. Inclusion of macroclimatic variation increased the model's explanatory power by 4.2%. Our results suggest that the main impact of climate changes in the High Arctic will be mediated by their influence on local soil water conditions. Increasing temperatures are likely to cause higher evaporation rates and alter the distribution of late‐melting snow patches. This will have little impact on landscape‐scale diversity if plants are able to redistribute locally to remain in areas with sufficient soil water.
Intelligent Phishing Website Detection and Prevention System by Using Link Guard Algorithm

Phishing is a new type of network attack where the attacker creates a replica of an existing Web page to fool users (e.g., by using specially designed e-mails or instant messages) into submitting personal, financial, or password data to what they think is their service provides' Web site. In this research paper, we proposed a new end-host based anti-phishing algorithm, which we call Link Guard, by utilizing the generic characteristics of the hyperlinks in phishing attacks. These characteristics are derived by analyzing the phishing data archive provided by the Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG). Because it is based on the generic characteristics of phishing attacks, Link Guard can detect not only known but also unknown phishing attacks. We have implemented Link Guard in Windows XP. Our experiments verified that Link Guard is effective to detect and prevent both known and unknown phishing attacks with minimal false negatives. Link Guard successfully detects 195 out of the 203 phishing attacks. Our experiments also showed that Link Guard is light weighted and can detect and prevent phishing attacks in real time.
Genetic association between hOGG 1 C 8069 G polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk

Background: hOGG1 C8069G polymorphism has been extensively investigated in single studies as well as meta-analyses in terms of the association with colorectal cancer (CRC). But the results remain contradictory. This study was undertaken to comprehensively evaluate the association of the commonly studied hOGG1 C8069G polymorphism and the susceptibility to CRC. Methods: By searching the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, and Web of science, 16 available publications consisting of 4,866 cases and 7,363 controls were finally included in our meta-analysis. Stratified analyses by ethnicity and source of control were also carried out to further assess the association between hOGG1 C8069G polymorphism and CRC risk. Results: hOGG1 C8069G polymorphism was not observed to have statistical significance with the susceptibility to CRC (ORCC vs. GG = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.91-1.05; P = 0.995; ORCC + CG vs. GG = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.93-1.04; P = 0.993; ORCC vs. CG + GG = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.90-1.02; P = 0.339; ORallele C vs. allele G = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.94-1.02; P = 0.912; ORCG vs. GG = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.88-1.03; P = 0.526). Similarly, no association was found in the subgroup analysis by ethnicity or the source of control. Conclusions: The results of our meta-analysis did not demonstrate any evidence for significant association between hOGG1 C8069G polymorphism and CRC risk. Future large-scale studies are expected to be conducted to further confirm our findings.
Penetration of doxycycline into cerebrospinal fluid in patients treated for suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis

Twelve patients were treated orally with 100 mg of doxycycline twice a day (b.i.d.) and 10 patients were treated with 200 mg b.i. d. for suspected tick-borne neuroborreliosis (Lyme borreliosis). At 5 to 8 days after the start of therapy, the mean concentrations in serum were 4.7 micrograms/ml for the doxycycline dose of 100 mg b.i. d. and 7.5 micrograms/ml for 200 mg b.i. d. , 2 to 3 h after the last drug administration. The corresponding levels for cerebrospinal fluid were 0.6 and 1.1 micrograms/ml. Since a doxycycline concentration in cerebrospinal fluid above the estimated MIC for Borrelia burgdorferi (0.6 to 0.7 microgram/ml) is wanted in patients treated for severe neuroborreliosis, the higher dose is preferable.
PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ANEMIA IN CHILDREN ENROLLED IN DAYCARE CENTERS: A HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia in children younger than five years old enrolled in public daycare centers in a city in southwestern Bahia, in the northeast of Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included a sample of 677 children enrolled in public daycare centers in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. A portable hemoglobinometer was used to measure hemoglobin. The concentration of <11 g/dL was considered the cutoff point for a diagnosis of anemia. A questionnaire was applied to parents/guardians in order to collect socioeconomic data, maternal characteristics and information on the child’s health and nutrition. Height and weight were measured to assess the child’s nutritional status. Poisson regression with robust variance and hierarchical selection of variables was used to identify factors associated with anemia. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 10.2% and was more frequent in children whose homes had no sanitary facilities (PR 3.36; 95%CI 1.40-8.03); in those who did not exclusively breastfeed (PR 1.80; 95%CI 1.12-2.91); in children aged less than 36 months (PR 1.85; 95%CI 1.19-2.89) and those who had low height for age (PR 2.06; 95%CI 1.10-3.85). Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia is considered to be a mild public health problem in the children, who are enrolled in daycare centers. Children with inadequate sanitary conditions, and that were not exclusively breastfed, as well as younger children and children with a nutritional deficit, were more likely to present the condition.
Identification of a Small Tetraheme Cytochromec and a Flavocytochrome c as Two of the Principal Soluble Cytochromes c inShewanella oneidensis Strain MR1

ABSTRACT Two abundant, low-redox-potential cytochromesc were purified from the facultative anaerobeShewanella oneidensis strain MR1 grown anaerobically with fumarate. The small cytochrome was completely sequenced, and the genes coding for both proteins were cloned and sequenced. The small cytochrome c contains 91 residues and four heme binding sites. It is most similar to the cytochromes c fromShewanella frigidimarina (formerly Shewanella putrefaciens) NCIMB400 and the unclassified bacterial strain H1R (64 and 55% identity, respectively). The amount of the small tetraheme cytochrome is regulated by anaerobiosis, but not by fumarate. The larger of the two low-potential cytochromes contains tetraheme and flavin domains and is regulated by anaerobiosis and by fumarate and thus most nearly corresponds to the flavocytochromec-fumarate reductase previously characterized fromS. frigidimarina to which it is 59% identical. However, the genetic context of the cytochrome genes is not the same for the twoShewanella species, and they are not located in multicistronic operons. The small cytochrome c and the cytochrome domain of the flavocytochrome c are also homologous, showing 34% identity. Structural comparison shows that theShewanella tetraheme cytochromes are not related to theDesulfovibrio cytochromes c3but define a new folding motif for small multiheme cytochromesc.
Design of 0.5V, 1.28mW CMOS UWB mixer using the body effect

A new fully differential ultra low-voltage, ultra low-power down-converter mixer for ultra wideband application is presented in this paper. This mixer is designed using four-terminal MOS transistors. The radio frequency is applied to source and local-oscillator signal is applied to the gate with body of devices simultaneously. A DTMOS common source amplifier is employed increasing conversion gain. The proposed circuit is designed and simulated in the TSMC 0. 18μm CMOS process. The simulation results show that the proposed mixer has a peak conversion gain of 12.3dB with 3dB RF frequency bandwidth from 2GHz to 10.5GHz with a fixed IF frequency of 100MHz. The third-order intermodulation-intercept point (IIP3) varies from -5.2dBm to -7.3dBm between 2-10.5GHz. The proposed mixer consumes only 1.28mW power with 0.5V supply voltage.
Improved assessment of structural properties of AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs heterostructures and superlattices by double-crystal x-ray diffraction.

The structural properties of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$As/GaAs heterostructures and superlattices grown by molecular-beam epitaxy are investigated in detail using double-crystal x-ray diffraction. The experimental diffraction curves for different symmetric and asymmetric Bragg reflections are analyzed by applying a semikinematical approach of the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction for distorted crystals. The theoretical fit of the experimental diffraction curves yields detailed information on the strain profile, the chemical composition, and the thickness of heterostructures. We show that the strain and composition as well as the thickness of individual epilayers and the interface quality of superlattices can be determined accurately. No strain and thus no composition fluctuations are found in ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$As epilayers grown on GaAs 〈001〉 crystals. Finally, our x-ray diffraction measurements provide further experimental evidence that growth interruption at the transition from AlAs to GaAs, or vice versa, results in atomically abrupt and smooth interfaces of AlAs/GaAs superlattices.
Factors influencing the decisions of SMEs to purchase software package upgrades

Despite the substantial contribution to the software industry by small and medium enterprises purchasing software package upgrades, to date there has been minimal research on the topic. Most businesses rely on packaged software for administrative and many core business functions. The practitioner press reports that managers experience frustration due to the frequency of software upgrade releases. After reviewing the diffusion of innovation literature, factors thought to influence the likelihood to purchase software upgrades were identified: business characteristics, innovativeness, relative advantage, external influences, complexity of purchase decision, and compatibility. A multi-method approach explored these factors. Although the analysis demonstrated that innovativeness, and to a much lesser extent, potential relative advantage and complexity influenced the likelihood to upgrade software, the fit of the resultant model accounted for much less variation than expected. The inconclusive analysis has called into question the efficacy of diffusion of innovation theory to explain software upgrade behaviour.
Design and Performance of a High-Speed Permanent Magnet Generator with Amorphous Alloy Magnetic Core for Aerospace Applications

This paper deals with the design, prototyping, and testing of a high-speed permanent magnet generator with a stator magnetic core made of amorphous magnetic material (AMM) for aerospace applications. The target operative speed range is 30 000–60 000 rpm with an output power range between 50 and 300 kW. Two types of winding are examined and compared: tooth-coil and distributed. Special attention is dedicated to the rotor dynamics aspects of the solid disk magnet rotor assembly. The multidisciplinary design process is described. Electromagnetic calculations are provided for different operative conditions where the magnetic field and loss distribution are determined. Based on the design results, a full-size prototype rated at 120 kW and 60 000 rpm rotational speed featuring a stator core made of AMM has been developed and tested. The test results proved the high efficiency achievable with the described technical solutions. It has been proved that the use of AMMs in high-speed electrical machines enables to minimize losses in the stator magnetic core by five to seven times in comparison with traditional materials.
Scale-Invariant Visual Language Modeling for Object Categorization

In recent years, ldquobag-of-wordsrdquo models, which treat an image as a collection of unordered visual words, have been widely applied in the multimedia and computer vision fields. However, their ignorance of the spatial structure among visual words makes them indiscriminative for objects with similar word frequencies but different word spatial distributions. In this paper, we propose a visual language modeling method (VLM), which incorporates the spatial context of the local appearance features into the statistical language model. To represent the object categories, models with different orders of statistical dependencies have been exploited. In addition, the multilayer extension to the VLM makes it more resistant to scale variations of objects. The model is effective and applicable to large scale image categorization. We train scale invariant visual language models based on the images which are grouped by Flickr tags, and use these models for object categorization. Experimental results show they achieve better performance than single layer visual language models and ldquobag-of-wordsrdquo models. They also achieve comparable performance with 2-D MHMM and SVM-based methods, while costing much less computational time.
A self-organizing resource allocation strategy based on Q-learning approach in ultra-dense networks

In ultra-dense heterogeneous cellular networks, with the density of low power base stations (BSs) increasing, the inter-cell interference (ICI) can be extremely strong when all BSs reuse the same time-frequency resources. In this paper, after proving that allocating orthogonal (frequency) sub-bands to adjacent cells can perform better on throughput than reusing the whole bandwidth, we propose a multi-agent Q-learning based resources allocation (QLRA) approach as an enhanced solution to maximize the system performance. For the QLRA, we operate two learning paradigms: the distributed Q-learning (DQL) algorithm and the centralized Q-learning (CQL) algorithm. In the DQL scenario, all small cells learn independently without sharing any information. While in the CQL scenario, interaction between different agents is taken into consideration and resources are scheduled in a centralized way. Simulation results show that both QLRA scenarios can study an ideal resource allocation strategy automatically and achieve better performance on system throughput. Moreover, by scheduling resources in a centralized way, the CQL scenario can improve the system throughput furtherly.
Ego-localization by Matching In-vehicle Camera Images with Aerial Image

In recent years, the ITS technologies are researched actively. Especially, an accurate ego-localization estimation is becoming very important function in this field. By obtaining vehicle position accurately, it is possible to realize smart driving support system when changing driving lanes or entering cross-road. This paper proposes accurate ego-localization method consisting of two steps: (i) projection of in-vehicle camera images onto bird’s-eye view, and (ii) sequential image matching of projection images and an aerial image. An aerial image is used for obtaining global position of a vehicle without accumulation error. We evaluated our method by comparing estimated vehicle position with gold standards. Experimental results showed that the average estimation error was 0.61m (SD: 0.27m).
Association analysis between a functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter and severe mood disorders

Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) has been suggested to be involved in human behaviour and physiology due to its key role in the metabolism of several different biological amines including the neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrin and dopamine. Recently, a 30 bp repeat in the MAOA gene promoter (uMAOA) has been demonstrated to be polymorphic and to affect transcriptional activity. In the context of an association case–control study design, we analysed the uMAOA polymorphism in 389 unrelated patients affected by severe mood disorders (88 bipolar subjects and 301 major depressive individuals) and in 156 controls. No association was found between the uMAOA locus and bipolar disorder or major depression. However, an increase of high-activity uMAOA alleles was found in major depression female patients presenting a seasonal pattern (χ2=3.013, P=0.05) or psychotic symptoms in their episodes (χ2=2.679, P=0.07). In female bipolar disorder patients, long alleles were associated with longest times of admission (F=4.604, P=0.037). A trend for association with seasonal pattern was also defined in this group (data not corrected for multiple testing). Our results suggest that MAOA gene variation may modulate the expression of some clinical aspects of severe mood disorders, especially in females, and support the existence of a genetic and aetiologic heterogeneity underlying the diagnoses of bipolar disorder and major depression.