Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Sensorless Control Strategy for Brushless Direct Current Motor Based on the Estimation of Line Back Electro-Motive Force

In this paper, a novel sensorless control strategy based on the estimation of line back electro-motive force (BEMF) is proposed. According to the phase relationship between the ideal commutation points of the brushless direct current motor (BLDCM) and the zero-crossing points (ZCPs) of the line BEMF, the calculation formula of line BEMF is simplified properly and the commutation rule for different positions of the rotor is presented. The estimation error of line BEMF caused by the freewheeling current of silent phase is analyzed, and the solution is given. With the phase shift of the low-pass filter considered, a compensation method using “60°-α” and “120°-α” is studied in this paper to eliminate the error. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that the rotor-position-detection error is reduced effectively and the motor driven by the accurate commutation signal can work well at low and high speed.
An evaluation of the predictive validity and reliability of ventilatory threshold.

PURPOSE To identify a valid and reliable method to determine 40-km time trial (40K) performance in a laboratory setting. METHODS Part 1: Ventilatory threshold (VT) and 40K performance were determined on two occasions (February/September) using two subsets of cyclists (N = 15 each; VO(2max) 67.6 +/- 4.2/71.5 +/- 3.0 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) to determine the predictive validity of VT assessments. Variables of interest were power output at VT, peak power output (MaxVT(w)), and average power output during 40K (40K(avgwatts)). For VT determination we used: breakpoint of VE/VO2; breakpoint of VE/VCO2; V-slope; RER = 1; and RER = 0.95. In part 2, test-retest reliability of VT and MaxVT(w) were examined in 20 subjects (VO(2max) 64.8 +/- 8.0 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) on two occasions, separated by 48 h. RESULTS Regression analyses between power outputs at VTs and 40K(avgwatts) showed significant predictive validity for (February/September): V-slope (r = 0.79/0.84; SEE 155/13.3W), VE/VO2 (r = 0.80/0.81; SEE 15.2/14.2W), RER0.95 (r = 0.73/0.58; SEE 17.4/21.2W), RER1 (r = 0.75/0.74; SEE 16.8/16.7W), and MaxVT(w) (r = 0.81/0.73; SEE 15.0/17.1W). Paired t-tests between power outputs at VTs and the 40K(avgwatts) indicated that mean power outputs at VE/O2 (261 +/- 29W; P = 0.33) and RER0.95 (274 +/- 55W; P = 0.93) in February and VE/VO2 (274 +/- 37W; P = 0.79) in September were not significantly different from the respective 40K(avgwatts) (277 +/- 30W/281 +/- 30W). Test-retest reliability analysis yielded the following intraclass correlation and relative test-retest errors: V-slope: 0.98, 2.6%; VE/VO2: 0.95, 5.3%; RER0.95: 0.87, 9.8%; RER1: 0.94, 5.7%; VE/VCO2: 0.87, 12.1%; MaxVT(w): 0.98, 2.6%. CONCLUSION The high test-retest reliability and consistent ability to accurately predict athletes' 40K(avgwatts) across a competitive season indicated that VE/VO2 was superior to the other evaluated methods.
Entity Mention Detection using a Combination of Redundancy-Driven Classifiers

We present an experimental framework for Entity Mention Detection in which two different classifiers are combined to exploit Data Redundancy attained through the annotation of a large text corpus, as well as a number of Patterns extracted automatically from the same corpus. In order to recognize proper name, nominal, and pronominal mentions we not only exploit the information given by mentions recognized within the corpus being annotated, but also given by mentions occurring in an external and unannotated corpus. The system was first evaluated in the Evalita 2009 evaluation campaign obtaining good results. The current version is being used in a number of applications: on the one hand, it is used in the LiveMemories project, which aims at scaling up content extraction techniques towards very large scale extraction from multimedia sources. On the other hand, it is used to annotate corpora, such as Italian Wikipedia, thus providing easy access to syntactic and semantic annotation for both the Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval communities. Moreover a web service version of the system is available and the system is going to be integrated into the TextPro suite of NLP tools.
PacketSkip: Skip Graph for Multidimensional Search in Structured Peer-to-Peer Systems

The Internet is ubiquitous and nodes participating in it are becoming increasingly diverse and heterogeneous. Especially is this true in decentralized, overlay-based networks, which traditionally build upon the infrastructure of the Internet. An ability to search for nodes with specific capabilities becomes of growing interest, for example, to support the node capacity discovery in large scale, distributed networks, such as in peer-to-peer systems. With PacketSkip, we propose a distributed, ordered, multidimensional indexing structure based on a Skip Graph, which operates on top of popular distributed hash tables. Its purpose is to offer, among other functions, capacity-based, high dimensional range searches for peers and their dynamiccapacities. PacketSkip provides a very high search performance, also in comparison to other approaches, as well as low update and maintenance costs. Evaluations show that update and search durations are low and well scalable. Even in dynamic systems, its inner graph structure remains robust and stable.
Antioxidant and Renal Protective Effect of Seeds Mixture Rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty acids in rats

Aim of the work: Assessing the hypolipidemic, antioxidant and renal protective activities of seeds mixture rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in rats. Material and Methods: 64 male albino rats were divided into 8 groups: control group, hypercholesterolemic rats, fed the balanced diet supplemented with cholesterol at a dose level of 2 g/100 g diet; the other 6 groups of animals fed the same previous hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with either mixture of Flax / pumpkin (F/P), Flax/Sesame (F/S), Flax/Peanut (F/A), purslane / pumpkin (P/P), purslane / Sesame (P/S) and purslane /Peanut (P/A) to ascertain the claim of its utilization against diseases. The seeds mixture rich in unsaturated fatty acids were prepared at ratio of (5/1) (ω-6 and ω-3) and were orally administered to rats diet for 30 days. Results: High cholesterol fed diet rats (2%) showed a significant increase in total cholesterol, total lipids, and triacylglycerol in both serum and liver. Serum phospholipids, LDL-C, MDA and atherogenic index also significantly increased compared to (BD) group. On the other hand, High cholesterol (HCD) fed diet rats showed a significant decrease in serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Cholesterol-enriched diet also significantly increased serum urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium levels compared to healthy control. Consumption of seeds mixture rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids by hypercholesterolemic rats resulted in a significantly decrement in lipid parameters and improvement in antioxidant status and renal function as compared with hypercholesterolemic rats. Conclusion: The results suggest that seeds mixtures had Hypolipidemic, Antioxidant and renal protective effect, which were probably mediated by unsaturated fatty acids present in seed mixture. [FadlAlla, Eman Aly Sadeek, Owiss, Nahla Ahmed, Seddik, Ayman Aly, Galal, Sahar Mosy. Hypolipidemic, Antioxidant and renal protective effect of seeds mixture rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in rats. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):866-877]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 137
Momentary relationship between cortisol secretion and symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE To compare the momentary association between salivary cortisol levels and pain, fatigue, and stress symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia (FM), and to compare diurnal cycles of cortisol secretion in patients with FM and healthy control subjects in a naturalistic environment. METHODS Twenty-eight patients with FM and 27 healthy control subjects completed assessments on salivary cortisol levels and pain, fatigue, and stress symptoms, 5 times a day for 2 consecutive days, while engaging in usual daily activities. Only those participants who adhered to the protocol (assessed via activity monitor) were included in the final analyses. RESULTS Twenty FM patients and 16 healthy control subjects adhered to the protocol. There were no significant differences in cortisol levels or diurnal cortisol variation between FM patients and healthy controls. Among women with FM, a strong relationship between cortisol level and current pain symptoms was observed at the waking time point (t = 3.35, P = 0.008) and 1 hour after waking (t = 2.97, P = 0.011), but not at the later 3 time points. This association was not due to differences in age, number of symptoms of depression, or self-reported history of physical or sexual abuse. Cortisol levels alone explained 38% and 14% of the variation in pain at the waking and 1 hour time points, respectively. No relationship was observed between cortisol level and fatigue or stress symptoms at any of the 5 time points. CONCLUSION Among women with FM, pain symptoms early in the day are associated with variations in function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Evaluating Corneal Collagen Organization Using High-Resolution Nonlinear Optical Macroscopy

Purpose: Recent developments in nonlinear optical (NLO) imaging using femtosecond lasers provides a noninvasive method for detecting collagen fibers by imaging second harmonic-generated (SHG) signals. However, this technique is limited by the small field of view necessary to generate SHG signals. The purpose of this report is to review our efforts to greatly extend the field of view to assess the entire collagen structure using high-resolution macroscopic (HRMac) imaging. Methods: Intact human eyes were fixed under pressure, and the whole cornea (13-mm diameter) was excised and embedded in low-melting point agar for vibratome sectioning (200–300 &mgr;m). Sections were then optically scanned using a Zeiss LSM 510 Meta and Chameleon femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Microimaging Inc., Thornwood, NY) to generate SHG images. For each vibratome section, an overlapping series of three-dimensional data sets (466 × 466 × 150 &mgr;m) were taken, covering the entire tissue (15 mm × 6 mm area) using a motorized, mechanical stage. The three-dimensional data sets were then concatenated to generate an NLO-based tomograph. Results: The HRMac of the cornea yielded large macroscopic (80 megapixels per plane), three-dimensional tomographs with high resolution (0.81 &mgr;m lateral, 2.0 &mgr;m axial) in which individual collagen fibers (stromal lamellae) could be traced, segmented, and extracted. Three-dimensional reconstructions suggested that the anterior cornea comprises highly intertwined lamellae that insert into the anterior limiting lamina (Bowman's layer). Conclusions: We conclude that HRMac using NLO-based tomography provides a powerful new tool to assess collagen structural organization within the cornea.
Associative processors and memories: a survey

The functional structure of a classical content-addressable memory (CAM) and its realization at the transistor level are described. Some unorthodox CAM approaches are briefly examined. Associative processor systems are discussed, and application-specific CAM architectures to support artificial intelligence features are surveyed. Limitations of associative processing and ways to circumvent them are addressed. The use of parallel cellular logic is considered. <<ETX>>
A structure-based video representation for web video categorization

In this paper, we propose a video representation that is motivated by the problem of categorizing large web video collections. The representation focuses on capturing the properties of the temporal structure of a video and deploys low-level image features derived from the self-similarity matrix of the video. The bias of the representation towards the temporal structure is based on our hypothesis that this aspect of web video content is among those that are least affected by the enormous web content diversity and that it therefore could provide a reasonable base for comparing videos independent of irrelevant content variations. Although the validation reported in this paper was only a preliminary one, the results already indicate the potential of the proposed video representation to steer towards grouping web videos into meaningful clusters.
Analysis of Multigrounded Four-Wire Distribution Systems Considering the Neutral Grounding

This paper explores the inherent characteristics of multigrounded three-phase four-wire distribution systems under unbalanced situations. The exploration also involved the effects of neutrals and system grounding. Power engineers have often disregarded these effects while analyzing a power system. The simulation tool is PSpice for Windows. It is capable of representing and simulating the equivalent model with an explicit neutral wire and groundings of a multigrounded distribution system. In this paper the equivalent model of a full-scale multigrounded distribution system implemented by PSpice is introduced. Simulation results have illustrated the effects of neutrals and system grounding on the operation characteristics of multigrounded four-wire distribution systems.
Novel medical video compression methods over lossless HEVC coder

To realize the medical video applications, this paper proposes several lossless compression methods over high efficiency video coding (HEVC). A generalized intra block copy (GIBC) is first proposed to predict the coding unit by a reference block, whose samples could be fully or partially reconstructed. A cyclic block padding technique is also proposed to predict the unreconstructed samples in the reference block by geometrically co-located blocks. Based on the feature distribution analyses for palette coding, we further propose an HEVC-based medical video coder (HMC), which combines the GIBC, line-coded palette coding and intra palette predictor without mutual conflicts. Experimental results show that, compared to the lossless HEVC, the proposed GIBC and HMC respectively save up to 13.9% and 22.3% bits over medical videos.
An ultracold electron source as an injector for a compact SASE-FEL

Ultracold electron sources based on near-threshold photoionization of laser-cooled atomic gases can produce ultrashort electron pulses with a brightness potentially exceeding conventional pulsed electron sources. They are presently being developed for single shot ultrafast electron diffraction, where a bunch charge of 100 fC is sufficient. For application as an injector for x-ray free electron lasers (FEL) a larger bunch charge is generally required. Here we present preliminary calculations of an ultracold electron source operating at bunch charges up to 1 pC. We discuss the relevant bunch degradation processes that occur when the charge is increased. Using general particle tracer tracking simulations we show that bunches can be produced of sufficient quality for driving a 1 Å self amplified spontaneous emission free electron laser (SASE-FEL) at 1.3 GeV electron energy. In addition we speculate on the possibility of using the ultracold source for driving a 15 MeV SASE-FEL in Compton backscatter configuration into the quantum FEL regime.
A framework for adaptive reconfigurable space-borne computing platforms for run-time self-recovery from transient and permanent hardware faults

Mitigation of radiation effects is one of the major problems for space-borne computing platforms. The presented work proposes an approach for building reliable, hardware fault adaptive stream processing platforms for space applications. The proposed concept is based on architecture-to-fault adaptation by run-time hardware reconfiguration. The concept assumes representation of system components in virtual form (configuration bit-streams for partially reconfigurable FPGAs) and dynamic allocation and/or relocation of components in predetermined slots in the target FPGA. In case of transient faults (e.g. SEU) the affected component can be reloaded to the same slot. In the case of permanent faults the affected component can be relocated to a reserved slot. Experimental results have shown that both restoration procedures can be done in runtime. The work describes novel procedures for run-time on-chip self-assembling/repair procedures of an application specific processors (ASP). The self-synchronization aspect of the above ASP also is discussed in detail. The feasibility of the proposed approach has been proved by testing all above procedures on a prototype platform based on a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA. The timing and hardware overhead for the required framework infrastructure have also been analyzed and discussed.
Approximately Filtering Redundant Data for Uncertain RFID Data Streams

Nowadays, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been widely employed in the fields of object positioning, tracking and monitoring. However, there are a large number of redundant data generated in RFID systems due to duplicate detection and cross detection. Since RFID data is usually streaming, uncertain and mobile data, traditional static data and data stream filtering strategies cannot be applied to filter the RFID data effectively. In the paper, we first present a three-phase filtering framework under a block-based sliding window model. Aiming to filter the temporal redundant events, we propose an approximate Probability Synthesis Bloom Filter (PSBF) and discuss its filter principle, update rules and error rate in details. Comparing with the existing RFID filters, PSBF can not only filter the redundant probabilistic events, but also can calculate object existential probabilities with temporal decaying, and handle with the situations of location movement and staying at the overlapping areas among multiple readers correctly. The experiments on the simulated dataset show that the proposed filter outperforms the state-of-the-art filtering method. Keywords—RFID; uncertain data streams; data filtering; bloom filter
Vaginal Langerhans Cells Nonproductively Transporting HIV-1 Mediate Infection of T Cells

ABSTRACT Although implied by other models, proof that Langerhans cells (LCs) in the human vagina participate in dissemination of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been lacking. Here, we show that LCs migrate from HIV-1-exposed vaginal epithelia and pass infectious virus to CD4+ T cells without being productively infected themselves, and we point to a pathway that might enable HIV-1 to avoid degradation in vaginal LCs. Transport by migratory LCs to local lymphatics in a nonproductive but infectious form may aid HIV-1 in evasion of topical microbicides that target its intracellular productive life cycle.
Effects of Various Modes of Mechanical Ventilation in Normal Rats

Background:Recent studies in healthy mice and rats have reported that positive pressure ventilation delivered with physiological tidal volumes at normal end-expiratory volume worsens lung mechanics and induces cytokine release, thus suggesting that detrimental effects are due to positive pressure ventilation per se. The aim of this study in healthy animals is to assess whether these adverse outcomes depend on the mode of mechanical ventilation. Methods:Rats were subjected to 4 h of spontaneous, positive pressure, and whole-body or thorax-only negative pressure ventilation (N = 8 per group). In all instances the ventilatory pattern was that of spontaneous breathing. Lung mechanics, cytokines concentration in serum and broncho–alveolar lavage fluid, lung wet-to-dry ratio, and histology were assessed. Values from eight animals euthanized shortly after anesthesia served as control. Results:No evidence of mechanical ventilation–dependent lung injury was found in terms of lung mechanics, histology, or wet-to-dry ratio. Relative to control, cytokine levels and recruitment of polymorphonuclear leucocytes increased slightly, and to the same extent with spontaneous, positive pressure, and whole-body negative pressure ventilation. Thorax-only negative pressure ventilation caused marked chest and lung distortion, reversible increase of lung elastance, and higher polymorphonuclear leucocyte count and cytokine levels. Conclusion:Both positive and negative pressure ventilation performed with tidal volumes and timing of spontaneous, quiet breathing neither elicit an inflammatory response nor cause morpho-functional alterations in normal animals, thus supporting the notion of the presence of a critical volume threshold above which acute lung injury ensues. Distortion of lung parenchyma can induce an inflammatory response, even in the absence of volotrauma.
Influence des processus démographiques sur la structure et les caractéristiques génétiques des champignons phytopathogènes : cas de l'agent de la rouille du peuplier Melampsora larici-populina

La structure genetique et la dynamique des populations des champignons phytopathogenes peuvent etre influencees par de nombreux facteurs, ce que nous avons illustre a differentes echelles chez Melampsora larici-populina, l'agent de la rouille du peuplier. A l'echelle de la France, deux principaux groupes genetiques se differencient. Le premier, infeode aux hotes sauvages, est le produit de l'evolution des populations en conditions naturelles. Le second, forme suite au contournement de la resistance R7 portee par le cultivar "Beaupre", se caracterise par une forte proportion d"individus virulents 7 et presente des signatures de selection et d'expansion demographique, temoins de l'invasion de ce groupe sur tous les peupliers (y compris sauvages) de la moitie nord de la France. A une echelle plus restreinte, nous avons examine une zone de contact situee dans les Alpes, ou la delimitation entre les groupes « cultive » et « sauvage » etait la plus marquee. En testant l'effet du paysage, nous avons montre que le massif des Ecrins protegeait le groupe « sauvage » situe a l'est, en amont de la vallee de la Durance, de l'invasion des individus au profil « cultive » venant du nord-ouest. Il n'en est pas de meme dans la partie aval de cette vallee, colonisee annuellement par une vague epidemique, issue de ces deux groupes genetiques presents en amont de part et d'autre du Massif des Ecrins. En dernier lieu nous avons examine les consequences genetiques des evenements de colonisation, qui se traduisent par une augmentation de la differenciation par rapport a la source de l'epidemie ainsi qu'une erosion de la diversite genetique. Ce travail original a permis de souligner l'importance de combiner les approches d'epidemiologie et de genetique des populations pour caracteriser au mieux les processus demographiques et leurs consequences genetiques