Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Software requirement analysis for digital based reactor protection system of RDE design

Experimental power reactor (RDE) is a helium gas cooled high temperature reactor which is under development and proposed to be constructed in Indonesia. To assure its safety and reliability many safety features are applied to this reactor design including the use of digital based I&C and Reactor Protection System (RPS). Reliability of the computer based RPS will depend on both hardware and software embedded in the system. Hence the impact of the applied software on reliability and safety must be considered. This paper discusses the process in determining software requirement specifications which is one of the important stages in a software development lifecycle. The requirement analysis process is conducted based on some standards such as IEC-60880, IEEE-1233 and IEEE-830. System Requirement Specifications (SyRS) and Software Requirement Specifications (SRS) for designed digital RPS software have been generated and defined in the analysis. Further analysis would be necessary to provide more detail information on SRS. The software requirements obtained in this study become essential information for conducting further activities in the software development of computer based RPS.
A reference ontology for digital scientific journals applied to systematic literature review processes

O presente artigo apresenta possiveis abordagens para o uso de uma ontologia de referencia para periodicos cientificos digitais, apoiando os processos de levantamento bibliografico em revisao sistematica da literatura. Destacam-se os beneficios da utilizacao de servicos especializados por meio de processamentos em "batch" ou "on-the-fly" de informacoes provenientes de diferentes repositorios, como bases de dados reconhecidas e indexadas e portais ou sitios especificos. Conclui-se que a utilizacao de ontologia de referencia possibilita a criacao de servicos que asseguram maior interoperabilidade entre diferentes repositorios, permitindo a recuperacao da informacao de forma mais abrangente e precisa, atraves da padronizacao dos conceitos relacionados aos pontos de acesso de periodicos cientificos.
Joint Transmission Scheduling and Congestion Control for Adaptive Video Streaming in Small-Cell Networks

We consider the optimal design of a scheduling policy for ada ptive video streaming in wireless “Small-Cells” networks. We formulate the problem as a netwo rk utility maximization, and we observe that it naturally decomposes into two subproblems: admissi on control and transmission scheduling. The resulting algorithms are simple and suitable for distri buted implementation. The admission control decisions involve each wireless user choosing the quality o f the video “chunk” asked for download, based on the local network congestion in its neighborhood. T his is compatible with the current video streaming technology based on the DASH protocol over TCP con nections. The transmission scheduling policy takes on the form of a local maximization of the weight ed sum rate at each small cell base station, where the weights are given by the queue backlogs. We also pro pose a method to locally estimate the delay with which the video chunks are delivered, such that ea ch user can decide its pre-buffering time at the beginning of a streaming session or re-buffering time in the case of a “stall” event (empty playback buffer) during a streaming session. Through simulations, w e evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm under realistic assumptions for a small-cell wir eless network. Our results show that the scheme is robust to arbitrary (per-sample path) network state vari ations due, for example, to random streaming activity and user mobility. Index Terms Adaptive Video Streaming, Small-Cells Wireless Networks, Scheduling, Admission Control, Adaptive Pre-Buffering Time. All authors are with the Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90089. Email: bethanab, caire, mjneely@usc.edu
Gabor feature based dictionary fusion for hyperspectral imagery classification

Multiple kinds of features extracted from hyperspectral imagery (HSI) have shown great potential for pixel-oriented classification. However, two difficulties can be encountered during the classification process. Firstly, it is time consuming to directly utilize the large amount of features. Secondly, because each kind of feature is usually processed individually, the high-level relationship among different features is not completely configured, decreasing the performance eventually. In this paper, a new strategy to fuse the features and exploit dictionary learning for HSI classification is proposed. Based on the high-level relationship, the extracted Gabor features have been integrated into a more compact and more discriminative representation through a Fisher-based criterion. Experimental results have shown that the fused features can not only produce competitive performance for HSI classification, but also greatly reduce the computational complexity.
Emphysema induced by elastase enhances acute inflammatory pulmonary response to intraperitoneal LPS in rats

Abnormalities in lungs caused by emphysema might alter their response to sepsis and the occurrence of acute lung injury (ALI). This study compared the extension of ALI in response to intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in Wistar rats with and without emphysema induced by elastase. Adult male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: control, emphysema without sepsis, normal lung with sepsis and emphysema with sepsis. Sepsis was induced, and 24 h later the rats were euthanised. The following analysis was performed: blood gas measurements, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung permeability and histology. Animals that received LPS showed significant increase in a lung injury scoring system, inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and IL‐6, TNF‐α and CXCL2 mRNA expression in lung tissue. Animals with emphysema and sepsis showed increased alveolocapillary membrane permeability, demonstrated by higher BAL/serum albumin ratio. In conclusion, the presence of emphysema induced by elastase increases the inflammatory response in the lungs to a systemic stimulus, represented in this model by the intraperitoneal injection of LPS.
Molecular Mechanisms for Nanomolar Concentrations of Neurosteroids at NR1/NR2B Receptors

Neurosteroids are endogenous steroids acting in the central nervous system. They participate in synaptic plasticity, memory and learning, Alzheimer's disease, and certain drug reward. Some mechanisms behind these effects are thought to be nongenomic, e.g., they modulate the function of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex. In this study, we used a Chinese hamster ovary cell line stably transfected with NMDA receptor constituents NR1/NR2B, to investigate the effects of nanomolar concentrations of the neurosteroids pregnenolone sulfate (PS) and pregnanolone sulfate (3α5βS) on binding of the radioligand [3H]ifenprodil. Neither of the steroids displaced [3H]ifenprodil, but both induced a shift in its fit from one to two binding sites. The effects of the neurosteroids were also measured as changes in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) after glutamate stimulation. Although the steroids did not alter the response to glutamate, they influenced the extent of ifenprodil blockade of the receptor: PS increased and 3α5βS decreased this effect. The coincubation of several NMDA receptor ligands in the assay indicated that PS and 3α5βS act via different binding sites from those for glutamate, glycine, and dithiothreitol. Combining the two steroids revealed that they do not share a common binding site. In conclusion, these results substantiate previous evidence of the allosteric modulatory effect induced by PS and 3α5βS on NMDA receptors at nanomolar concentrations. The neurosteroid-mediated modulation of the receptor is also reflected in an altered glutamate stimulated [Ca2+]i, in response to ifenprodil.
Sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea - daytime course and impact of nocturnal respiratory events.

BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a condition leading to excessive daytime sleepiness. The aim of the study was a) to study course of daytime sleepiness in patients with OSA and b) to find the most important nocturnal polysomnography parameters influencing daytime sleepiness in OSA. METHODS The cohort consisted of forty-five patients (6 women, 39 men) diagnosed with OSA. All patients underwent polysomnography, Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) and rated subjectively their daytime tendency to sleep with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RESULTS Sleep latency was significantly longer at 15:00 and at 17:00 hours compared to previous tests. A significant negative correlation was found between the mean of the MSLT sleep latency and a number of awakenings, the apnoea/hypopnoea index and oxygen desaturation index values. CONCLUSIONS The study showed the sleep latency prolongation at 15:00 and 17:00 hours respectively and confirmed connection of excessive daytime sleepiness to fragmentation of nocturnal sleep and OSA severity.
Men’s strategies for preserving emotional well-being in advanced prostate cancer: An interpretative phenomenological analysis

Objective: This study explores men with advanced prostate cancers’ own practices for promoting and maintaining emotional well-being using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Design: Five men with advanced prostate cancer participated in face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Results: Within rich narratives of lost and regained well-being, two super-ordinate themes emerged – ‘living with an imminent and uncertain death’ and ‘holding on to life. ’ Well-being was threatened by reduced sense of the future, isolation and uncertainty. Yet, the men pursued well-being by managing their emotions, striving for the future whilst enjoying life in the present, taking care of their families and renegotiating purpose. Running through participant’s accounts was a preference for taking action and problem-solving. Sense of purpose, social connectedness, and life engagement were revealed as concepts central to improving well-being, indicating areas which practitioners could explore with men to help them re-establish personal goals and life purpose. Conclusions: The findings also add weight to the evidence base for the potential value of psychological interventions such as cognitive behaviour therapy and mindfulness in men with prostate cancer.
High predictive ability of glycated hemoglobin on comparison with oxidative stress markers in assessment of chronic vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract Objective: To validate the diagnostic utility of oxidative stress markers along with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c ) in the assessment of chronic vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Ischemia modified albumin (IMA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 100 type 2 DM (without complications n = 50, with complications n = 50) and healthy controls (n = 50). Diagnostic potential was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis and their relationships to risk variables were analyzed. Results: MDA, IMA and AOPP were significantly increased in diabetics, both with and without complications. Oxidative stress parameters correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (independent predictors). Duration of diabetes was an independent predictor for AOPP and MDA. The association of IMA with diabetes duration was lost on multiple regression analysis. Area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity for MDA were 0.795, 84%, 66%; for AOPP, they were 0.762, 82%, 56%; for IMA, they were 0.611, 60%, 52%; and for HbA1c, they were 0.848, 90%, 70%, respectively. Conclusion: MDA and AOPP could be considered better than IMA in the evaluation of diabetes progression, but MDA is more useful as a diagnostic indicator to detect vascular complications. HbA1c measurement is of greater value than the oxidative stress markers in the prediction of vascular complications.
Retroperitoneal sarcoma: 25 years of experience with aggressive surgical treatment at the Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana

Retroperitoneal sarcomas are rare malignant tumors with an aggressive course of disease and high local recurrence rate. Local disease is the main cause of death. A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the results of aggressive surgical treatment in a series of patients of primary and recurrent retroperitoneal sarcomas.
Accessibility Support for Older Adults with the ACCESS Framework

Equitable access to the digital economy is predicated on the usability of the devices that are used to access electronic goods and services, with computers being the primary mechanism for many users by which this is currently done. For novice users with special interaction requirements, current arrangements for enabling accessibility support are suboptimal. Older users in particular require special consideration with regards to the design of software support packages to ensure the burden of knowledge required to configure a system is reasonable. This article describes the ACCESS Framework, a novel open-source, plug-in enabled software framework designed to address some of the issues around providing accessibility support on the desktop. The framework employs a system through which corrections are successively adapted to an individual user's preferences. Through empirical work with older adults, the framework has been shown to provide an understandable, appropriate, and effective way to enable accessibility support.
The Eigenoption-Critic Framework

Eigenoptions (EOs) have been recently introduced as a promising idea for generating a diverse set of options through the graph Laplacian, having been shown to allow efficient exploration. Despite its initial promising results, a couple of issues in current algorithms limit its application, namely: (1) EO methods require two separate steps (eigenoption discovery and reward maximization) to learn a control policy, which can incur a significant amount of storage and computation; (2) EOs are only defined for problems with discrete state-spaces and; (3) it is not easy to take the environment's reward function into consideration when discovering EOs. To addresses these issues, we introduce an algorithm termed eigenoption-critic (EOC) based on the Option-critic (OC) framework [Bacon17], a general hierarchical reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm that allows learning the intra-option policies simultaneously with the policy over options. We also propose a generalization of EOC to problems with continuous state-spaces through the Nystr\"om approximation. EOC can also be seen as extending OC to nonstationary settings, where the discovered options are not tailored for a single task.
Virulence Phenotypes of Legionella pneumophila Associated with Noncoding RNA lpr0035

ABSTRACT The Philadelphia-1 strain of Legionella pneumophila, the causative organism of Legionnaires' disease, contains a recently discovered noncoding RNA, lpr0035. lpr0035 straddles the 5′ chromosomal junction of a 45-kbp mobile genetic element, pLP45, which can exist as an episome or integrated in the bacterial chromosome. A 121-bp deletion was introduced in strain JR32, a Philadelphia-1 derivative. The deletion inactivated lpr0035, removed the 49-bp direct repeat at the 5′ junction of pLP45, and locked pLP45 in the chromosome. Intracellular multiplication of the deletion mutant was decreased by nearly 3 orders of magnitude in Acanthamoeba castellanii amoebae and nearly 2 orders of magnitude in J774 mouse macrophages. Entry of the deletion mutant into amoebae and macrophages was decreased by >70%. The level of entry in both hosts was restored to that in strain JR32 by plasmid copies of two open reading frames immediately downstream of the 5′ junction and plasmid lpr0035 driven by its endogenous promoter. When induced from a tac promoter, plasmid lpr0035 completely reversed the intracellular multiplication defect in macrophages but was without effect in amoebae. These data are the first evidence of a role for noncoding RNA lpr0035, which has homologs in six other Legionella genomes, in entry of L. pneumophila into amoebae and macrophages and in host-specific intracellular multiplication. The data also demonstrate that deletion of a direct-repeat sequence restricts the mobility of pLP45 and is a means of studying the role of pLP45 mobility in Legionella virulence phenotypes.
Fuzzy Support Vector Machine using Hausdorff distance

Support Vector Machine (SVM) is one of the most widely used classification algorithms. It is found that soft margin SVM like C-SVM, in the presence of outliers and class imbalance, give suboptimal results. Fuzzy SVM (FSVM) and class imbalance learning (CIL) appears to solve these problems of outliers and class imbalance respectively. The strength of FSVM in absorbing the effect of outliers strongly depends on how well we assign fuzzy membership values to the training samples. In this paper, we present a novel method for assigning these fuzzy membership values. The objective of our method is to assign membership values in the range (0, 1) to only those samples which are possibly outliers and not otherwise. For this, first density based clustering is performed to find the probable outliers and then assign them membership values based on one of the two heuristics. The heuristics use Hausdorff distance of the probable outliers from their own class. The proposed method was evaluated on three real world datasets. The proposed method gave consistently good results as compared to older methods; hence the method can be seen as a potential tool for classifying noisy datasets.
Amalgamated Reference Data for Size‐Adjusted Bone Densitometry Measurements in 3598 Children and Young Adults—the ALPHABET Study

The increasing use of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in children has led to the need for robust reference data for interpretation of scans in daily clinical practice. Such data need to be representative of the population being studied and be “future‐proofed” to software and hardware upgrades. The aim was to combine all available pediatric DXA reference data from seven UK centers to create reference curves adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and body size to enable clinical application, using in vivo cross‐calibration and making data back and forward compatible. Seven UK sites collected data on GE Lunar or Hologic Scanners between 1996 and 2012. Males and females aged 4 to 20 years were recruited (n = 3598). The split by ethnic group was white 2887; South Asian 385; black Afro‐Caribbean 286; and mixed heritage 40. Scans of the total body and lumbar spine (L1 to L4) were obtained. The European Spine Phantom was used to cross‐calibrate the 7 centers and 11 scanners. Reference curves were produced for L1 to L4 bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) and total body less head (TBLH) and L1 to L4 areal bone mineral density (aBMD) for GE Lunar Prodigy and iDXA (sex‐ and ethnic‐specific) and for Hologic (sex‐specific). Regression equations for TBLH BMC were produced using stepwise linear regression. Scans of 100 children were randomly selected to test backward and forward compatibility of software versions, up to version 15.0 for GE Lunar and Apex 4.1 for Hologic. For the first time, sex‐ and ethnic‐specific reference curves for lumbar spine BMAD, aBMD, and TBLH aBMD are provided for both GE Lunar and Hologic scanners. These curves will facilitate interpretation of DXA data in children using methods recommended in ISCD guidelines. The databases have been created to allow future updates and analysis when more definitive evidence for the best method of fracture prediction in children is agreed. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Birth Outcomes in Women with a History of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Objective. To determine whether children born to women who had juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) had more adverse birth outcomes than children born to mothers who never had JIA. Methods. Our cohort study used data from physician billing and hospitalizations covering the province of Quebec, Canada. We identified all women with JIA with a first-time birth between January 1, 1983, and December 31, 2010, and assembled a control cohort of first-time mothers without JIA from the same administrative data, matching 4:1 for date of first birth, maternal age, and area of residence. We compared outcomes (stillbirth, prematurity, small for gestational age, and major congenital anomalies) in the JIA versus non-JIA groups using logistic regression. Results. Mean age at delivery was 24.7 years in the JIA group (n = 1681) and 25.0 years for the non-JIA group (n = 6724). Women who had JIA were at higher risk for a premature baby [adjusted relative risk (RR) 1.20, 95% CI 1.01–1.42], a baby small for gestational age (adjusted RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04–1.37), and a child with a congenital malformation (adjusted RR 6.51, 95% CI 5.05–8.39). Neural tube defects were higher in the JIA offspring: 1.61% (95% CI 1.11–2.33) versus 0.03% (95% CI 0.01–0.11) in the non-JIA group, as were congenital heart defects: 1.07% (95% CI 0.68–1.69) versus 0.58% (95% CI 0.42–0.79). Conclusion. Most women with JIA will deliver a normal baby, even though they are at higher risk for having a child with adverse birth outcomes. Research is needed to understand pathophysiologic mechanisms and to investigate the effects of medications during childhood and youth on future birth outcomes.
Six-month randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot clinical trial of curcumin in patients with Alzheimer disease.

To the Editors:Curcumin is a polyphenolic molecule that comprises approximately 5% of turmeric, giving the spice its color but not flavor. It is used in processed foods as a yellow coloring. 1 Because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, curcumin has been tested in animal models of A
Outbreak of hospital-acquired gastroenteritis and invasive infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes, Finland, 2012

SUMMARY During one week in July 2012, two patients from the same ward at the municipal hospital in Vaasa, Finland, were diagnosed with septicaemia caused by Listeria monocytogenes. An outbreak investigation revealed eight concomitant cases of febrile gastroenteritis caused by L. monocytogenes on the same ward. Median age of the cases was 82 years and median incubation time for listerial gastroenteritis was 21 h (range 9–107). An additional 10 cases of invasive listeriosis caused by the same outbreak strain were identified across the whole country during the summer of 2012. Environmental investigation at the affected municipal hospital ward revealed ready-sliced meat jelly as the suspected source of the infection. During inspection of the meat jelly production plant, one pooled sample taken from a floor drain and a trolley wheel in the food processing environment was positive for the outbreak strain of L. monocytogenes. After the producer stopped the production of meat jelly, no further cases of listeriosis with the outbreak strain were identified via nationwide surveillance.