Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glycoprotein Ib activation by thrombin stimulates the energy metabolism in human platelets

Thrombin-induced platelet activation requires substantial amounts of ATP. However, the specific contribution of each ATP-generating pathway i.e., oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) versus glycolysis and the biochemical mechanisms involved in the thrombin-induced activation of energy metabolism remain unclear. Here we report an integral analysis on the role of both energy pathways in human platelets activated by several agonists, and the signal transducing mechanisms associated with such activation. We found that thrombin, Trap-6, arachidonic acid, collagen, A23187, epinephrine and ADP significantly increased glycolytic flux (3–38 times vs. non-activated platelets) whereas ristocetin was ineffective. OxPhos (33 times) and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (88%) were increased only by thrombin. OxPhos was the main source of ATP in thrombin-activated platelets, whereas in platelets activated by any of the other agonists, glycolysis was the principal ATP supplier. In order to establish the biochemical mechanisms involved in the thrombin-induced OxPhos activation in platelets, several signaling pathways associated with mitochondrial activation were analyzed. Wortmannin and LY294002 (PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors), ristocetin and heparin (GPIb inhibitors) as well as resveratrol, ATP (calcium-release inhibitors) and PP1 (Tyr-phosphorylation inhibitor) prevented the thrombin-induced platelet activation. These results suggest that thrombin activates OxPhos and glycolysis through GPIb-dependent signaling involving PI3K and Akt activation, calcium mobilization and protein phosphorylation.
Aggregate market returns and UK unit trust net acquisitions

Recent US research has focused upon the linkages between net mutual fund flows and their impact upon aggregate equity market returns. If a positive feedback relationship exists between investment flows and stock returns then there also exists the possibility that a market downturn or crash will be exacerbated by corresponding net outflows as mutual fund investors withdraw funds, forcing equity prices down further and thus creating a vicious circle. Using data from the UK we analyse the relationship between aggregate equity market returns and the net flows into UK unit trusts. We also undertake a similar exercise using UK bond market data. We trace our failure to identify a positive feedback relationship to the structure of the UK's unit trust industry. The fee structure, the relatively low minimum lump sum values, and the availability of regular savings unit trusts all combine to bring about a very low turnover of unit trust units in the UK.
Isolation of human megakaryocytes by immunomagnetic beads

Summary. A simple method was developed to purify human megakaryocytes to homogeneity from normal bone marrow aspirates. An initial separation of marrow between 1.020 and 1.050 g/ml. Percoll® density cut was used to enrich megakaryocytes. After washing, the cells were suspended with immunomagnetic beads which were coated with sheep anti‐mouse IgG antibody and treated with anti‐human glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa monoclonal antibody, or the cells were treated with human platelet GP IIb/IIIa monoclonal antibody and suspended with the immunomagnetic beads which were coated with sheep anti‐mouse IgG antibody. Megakaryocytes were selectively separated using a magnet. All of the isolated cells were morphologically recognizable megakaryocytes. 1.5–3.1 × 104 megakaryocytes were obtained from 1.7–4.5 × 108 bone marrow nuleated cells. These cells were all positive in immunoenzymatic staining for GP IIb/IIIa. Megakaryocytes obtained by this method responded to recombinant human GM‐CSF (rhGM‐CSF) showing an increased 3H‐thymidine (3H‐dT) incorporation. These data show that this method is useful for obtaining pure megakaryocyte populations which can be submitted to comprehensive biological studies.
Neutrophil Activation of Endothelial Cell-Expressed TRPM2 Mediates Transendothelial Neutrophil Migration and Vascular Injury

Rationale: TRPM2 (transient receptor potential melastatin-2) expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) is a cation channel mediating Ca2+ entry in response to intracellular generation of adenosine diphosphoribose—the TRPM2 ligand. Objective: Because polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) interaction with ECs generates reactive oxygen species, we addressed the possible role of TRPM2 expressed in ECs in the mechanism of transendothelial migration of PMNs. Methods and Results: We observed defective PMN transmigration in response to lipopolysaccharide challenge in adult mice in which the EC expressed TRPM2 is conditionally deleted (Trpm2i&Dgr;EC). PMN interaction with ECs induced the entry of Ca2+ in ECs via the EC-expressed TRPM2. Prevention of generation of adenosine diphosphoribose in ECs significantly reduced Ca2+ entry in response to PMN activation of TRPM2 in ECs. PMNs isolated from gp91phox−/− mice significantly reduced Ca2+ entry in ECs via TRPM2 as compared with wild-type PMNs and failed to induce PMN transmigration. Overexpression of the adenosine diphosphoribose insensitive TRPM2 mutant channel (C1008→A) in ECs suppressed the Ca2+ entry response. Further, the forced expression of TRPM2 mutant channel (C1008→A) or silencing of poly ADP-ribose polymerase in ECs of mice prevented PMN transmigration. Conclusions: Thus, endotoxin-induced transmigration of PMNs was secondary to TRPM2-activated Ca2+ signaling and VE-cadherin phosphorylation resulting in the disassembly of adherens junctions and opening of the paracellular pathways. These results suggest blocking TRPM2 activation in ECs is a potentially important means of therapeutically modifying PMN-mediated vascular inflammation.
DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL DEVELOPMENTAL ROUTE OF STRONGYLOIDES RATTI: AN EVOLUTIONARILY STABLE STRATEGY APPROACH

Abstract Understanding the processes that drive parasite evolution is crucial to the development of management programs that sustain long-term, effective control of infectious disease in the face of parasite adaptation. Here we present a novel evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) model of the developmental decisions of a nematode parasite, Strongyloides ratti. The genus Strongyloides exhibits an unusual developmental plasticity such that progeny from an individual may either develop via a direct (homogonic) route, where the developing larvae are infective to new hosts, or an indirect (heterogonic) route, where the larvae develop into free-living, dioecious adults that undergo at least one bout of sexual reproduction outside the host, before producing offspring that develop into infective larvae. The model correctly predicts a number of observed features of the parasite's behavior and shows that this plasticity may be adaptive such that pure homogonic development, pure heterogonic development, or a mixed strategy may be optimal depending on the prevailing environmental conditions, both within and outside the host. Importantly, our results depend only on the benefits of an extra round of reproduction in the environment external to the host and not on benefits to sexual reproduction through the purging of deleterious mutation or the generation of novel, favorable genotypes. The ESS framework presented here provides a powerful, general approach to predict how macroparasites, the agents of many of the world's most important infectious diseases, will evolve in response to the various selection pressures imposed by different control regimes in the future.
Whistle-Blowing: Target Firm Characteristics and Economic Consequences

ABSTRACT: We document the first systematic evidence on the characteristics and economic consequences of firms subject to employee allegations of corporate financial misdeeds. First, compared to a control group that avoided public whistle-blowing allegations, firms subject to whistle-blowing allegations were characterized by unique firm-specific factors that led employees to expose alleged financial misdeeds. Second, on average, whistle-blowing announcements were associated with a negative 2.8 percent market-adjusted five-day stock price reaction; this reaction was especially negative for allegations involving earnings management (−7.3 percent). Third, compared to a control group that exhibits similar characteristics, firms subject to whistle-blowing allegations were associated with further negative consequences including earnings restatements, shareholder lawsuits, and negative future operating and stock return performance. Finally, whistle-blowing targets exposed by the press were more likely to make sub.
Insights into the Specificity and Function of (Allo)antigen‐reactive T Cells

T cells are key players in the process of allograft rejection, and play an essential role in the antimicrobial and antitumor adaptive immune responses. The lack of discrimination between alloreactivity and protective immunity is one shortcoming of the present immunosuppressive protocols. Although combinations of different drugs targeting distinct Tcell molecules and pathways has improved the management of transplant patients during the last two decades, our strategy remains very empirical.
B kinase overcomes PI 3 K / Akt and ERK / MAPK to control FOXO 3 a activity in acute myeloid leukemia

1Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris, France; 2Inserm, U1016, Paris, France; 3Service d’Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France; 4Service de Médecine Interne-UF d’Hématologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France; 5Groupe Ouest Est des Leucémies et Autres Maladies du Sang (GOELAMS); 6Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; and 7Service des Maladies du Sang, CHU Angers, France
HYPOTHETICAL MARKET FAMILIARITY AND THE DISCONNECT BETWEEN STATED AND OBSERVED VALUES FOR GREEN ENERGY

Participation rates and utility premiums for green power programs are generally less than implied by contingent valuation studies. This study compares open-ended and dichotomouschoice responses with actual participation rates of a green power program to examine the effect of hypothetical market familiarity. Traditionally, respondents are asked to value a renewable energy “block” which represents a quality improvement in a percentage of a good. When placed in a more familiar market setting, stated values are more closely aligned with premiums currently charged. Participation rates remain exaggerated indicating responses are viewed as a vote in favor of or against cleaner energy sources.
Inflation and Relative Price Dispersion in Canada: An Empirical Assessment

The authors investigate empirically the relationship between different aspects of inflation and relative price dispersion in Canada using a Markov regime-switching Phillips curve. They examine three theories that explain movements in relative price dispersion: the signal extraction model, the extension of the signal extraction model, and the menu cost model. The authors show that expected inflation, which is captured by the menu cost model, is the aspect of inflation that is most closely associated with relative price dispersion. Furthermore, this result seems robust to different specifications. The authors, however, cannot completely discard inflation uncertainty (the signal extraction model), especially when using core inflation. They also observe a strong asymmetry regarding the impact of positive and negative unexpected inflation on relative price dispersion using total inflation, but this asymmetry is not observed for core inflation. This suggests that the strong asymmetry arises mainly from the presence of components typically associated with supply shocks, and not from the presence of downward nominal rigidities, as Aarstol (1999) proposes, following Ball and Mankiw (1992a,b).
Thermal Gradient Mid- and Far-Infrared Spectroscopy as Tools for Characterization of Protein Carbohydrate Lyophilizates

Protein drugs play an important role in modern day medicine. Typically, these proteins are formulated as liquids requiring cold chain processing. To circumvent the cold chain and achieve better storage stability, these proteins can be dried in the presence of carbohydrates. We demonstrate that thermal gradient mid- and far-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR and THz-TDS, respectively) can provide useful information about solid-state protein carbohydrate formulations regarding mobility and intermolecular interactions. A model protein (BSA) was lyophilized in the presence of three carbohydrates with different size and protein stabilizing capacity. A gradual increase in mobility was observed with increasing temperature in formulations containing protein and/or larger carbohydrates (oligo- or polysaccharides), lacking a clear onset of fast mobility as was observed for smaller molecules. Furthermore, both techniques are able to identify the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the samples. FTIR provides additional information as it can independently monitor changes in protein and carbohydrate bands at the Tg. Lastly, THz-TDS confirms previous findings that protein–carbohydrate interactions decrease with increasing molecular weight of the carbohydrate, which results in decreased protein stabilization.
MULTI‐OBJECTIVE BIDDING STRATEGY FOR GENCO USING NON‐DOMINATED SORTING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION

This paper proposes a multi‐objective bidding strategy for a generation company (GenCo) in uniform price spot market using non‐dominated sorting particle swarm optimization (NSPSO). Instead of using a tradeoff technique, NSPSO is introduced to solve the multi‐objective strategic bidding problem considering expected profit maximization and risk (profit variation) minimization. Monte Carlo simulation is employed to simulate rivals’ bidding behavior. Test results indicate that the proposed approach can provide the efficient non‐dominated solution front effectively. In addition, it can be used as a decision making tool for a GenCo compromising between expected profit and price risk in spot market.
The circadian clock regulates rhythmic activation of the NRF2/glutathione-mediated antioxidant defense pathway to modulate pulmonary fibrosis

Disruption of the NRF2/glutathione-mediated antioxidant defense pathway is critical for the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary diseases. Here, Pekovic-Vaughan et al. demonstrate that a circadian rhythm of NRF2 protein is essential in regulating the rhythmic expression of antioxidant genes in the mouse lung. When bleomycin was applied at a circadian nadir in NRF2 levels, a more severe lung fibrotic effect was observed. These findings reveal a crucial role for the circadian control of the NRF2 pathway in combating fibrotic lung damage.
Tropospheric Ozone Profile Retrievals from an Airborne Ultra-violet / Visible Spectrometer

We present a novel technique to retrieve ozone profiles, and especially, tropospheric ozone (O3) from airborne Ultraviolet-Visible (UV) spectrometer measurements. The profile retrieval is possible by viewing a variety of zenith angles from down-looking and up-looking directions, taking advantage of O3 absorption in the Huggins (300-340 nm) and the Chappuis bands (530-650 nm). Measurements are normalized to measured direct irradiances or zenith-sky radiances so our approach does not require the use of a solar reference. This technique is especially sensitive to tropospheric O3 below and ~10 km above the aircraft with a resolution of ~2-6 km and is sensitive to lower and middle stratospheric O3 with a vertical resolution of 8-15 km. It can measure tropospheric O3 at a horizontal resolution of 2 km × 2 km or even higher and is therefore well suited for regional air quality studies and validation of satellite measurements.
A Mediterranean society : the Jewish communities of the Arab world as portrayed in the documents of the Cairo Geniza

This six-volume 'portrait of a Mediterranean personality' is a composite portrait of the individuals who wrote the personal letters, contracts, and all other manuscript fragments that found their way into the Cairo Geniza. Most of the fragments from the Geniza, a storeroom for discarded writings that could not be thrown away because they might contain the name of God, had been removed to Cambridge University Library and other libraries around the world. Professor Goitein devoted the last thirty years of his long and productive life to their study, deciphering the language of the documents and organizing what he called a 'marvelous treasure trove of manuscripts' into a coherent, fascinating picture of the society that created them. It is a rich, panoramic view of how people lived, traveled, worshiped, and conducted their economic and social affairs. The first and second volumes describe the economic foundations of the society and the institutions and social and political structures that characterized the community. The remaining material, intended for a single volume describing the particulars of the way people lived, blossomed into three volumes, devoted respectively to the family, daily life, and the individual. The divisions are arbitrary but helpful because of the wealth of information. The author refers throughout to other passages in his monumental work that amplify what is discussed in any particular section. The result is an incomparably clear and immediate impression of how it was in the Mediterranean world of the tenth through the thirteenth century. Volume VI, prepared by Paula Sanders, is a volume of cumulative, analytical indices.
An approach to and the rationale for the pharmacological management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia

The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) have been a difficult management area for neurologists and psychiatrists alike. The correct identification of each symptom and the underlying precipitating cause is the key to proper management—nonpharmacological as well as pharmacological. BPSD has been well documented in all types of dementia in various stages of the disease and in all dementias at an advanced stage. The proper management is not only rewarding in terms of responsiveness in an otherwise “incurable” and progressive disease, but also improves the quality of life of the patients and the caregivers alike. The caregiver burden is greatly decreased by an efficient management of BPSD. This review discusses the implications and boundaries of the term BPSD and unravels each symptom and its identification. Manifestations of psychological symptoms such as delusion, hallucination, misidentification, psychosis, depression, apathy, and anxiety are briefly described. Correct identification of behavior symptoms such as wandering, agitation, catastrophic reaction, disinhibition, and delirium has been outlined. While the subtle differences in each entity make the precise identification difficult, the different therapeutics of each make the exercise necessary. Pharmacological recommendations and side effects of medications have been mentioned thereafter. The review will help in the identification and correct pharmacological management of BPSD.
Synthesis and characterization of new biopolymeric microcapsules containing DEHPA–TOPO extractants for separation of uranium from phosphoric acid solutions

A novel microcapsule adsorbent for separation of uranium from phosphoric acid solutions was developed by immobilizing the di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid–trioctyl phosphine oxide extractants in the polymeric matrix of calcium alginate. Physical characterization of the microcapsules was accomplished by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric techniques. Equilibrium experiments revealed that both ion exchange and solvent extraction mechanisms were involved in the adsorption of ions, but the latter prevailed in a wider range of acid concentration. According to the results of kinetics study, at low acidity level, the rate controlling step was slow chemical reaction of ions with the microdroplets of extractant, whereas it changed to intraparticle diffusion at higher acid concentration. The study also attempted identification of the diffusion paths of the ions within the microcapsules, and the mechanism of change of mass transfer rate during the uptake process. The prepared microcapsules preserved their entire capacity after three cycles of adsorption, and their breakthrough behaviour was well fitted by a new formula derived from shrinking core model.
The temperature research of urban residential area with remote sensing

The purpose of researching residential area temperature with remote sensing is to use the information acquired by remote sensing as the quantitative index to estimate the environmental condition of residential area and to discuss urban heat island effect on the residential area scale. A large amount of researches have analyzed the urban heat island effect from the macro view. This paper focuses on the thermal environment of a specific land cover type --residential area. More than one hundred residential districts in BeiJing were chosen as samples and marked on the image. The relationship between the temperature of residential area and other variables such as NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), building height, building forms and floor area ratio was discussed through analyzing the data of pixel. Then a quantitative index was presented to evaluate the environmental condition of existing residential area and provide scientific basis for future planning. Keywords-Residential area; temperature; Remote sensing
Existence and uniqueness conditions for the periodic solutions of the discrete-time periodic Lyapunov equation

In this paper, the discrete-time periodic Lyapunov equation (DPLE) is considered. Criteria for the existence and the uniqueness of periodic solutions of DPLE are worked out. It is also treated the case of positive (semi)definite solutions. To this aim, reference is made to the controllableuncontrollable decomposition of the periodic pair underlying DPLE.
Single motor unit activity in human extraocular muscles during the vestibulo‐ocular reflex

• While the eye movements have been well characterized during the vestibulo‐ocular reflex, the corresponding motor unit activity in human eye muscles is not well understood. • The present study describes the first single motor unit recordings during the vestibulo‐ocular reflex in human eye muscles. • Simultaneous needle and surface recordings identified the inferior oblique as the eye muscle of origin of the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), thus validating the physiological basis of this clinical test of otolith function. • The results demonstrate short‐latency vestibulo‐ocular projections from the otoliths to individual eye muscles. • Single motor unit activity of eye muscles provides a window into neural activity of the ocular motor nuclei in humans.