Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ATP synthesis in the energy metabolism pathway: a new perspective for manipulating CdSe quantum dots biosynthesized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Due to a growing trend in their biomedical application, biosynthesized nanomaterials are of great interest to researchers nowadays with their biocompatible, low-energy consumption, economic, and tunable characteristics. It is important to understand the mechanism of biosynthesis in order to achieve more efficient applications. Since there are only rare studies on the influences of cellular energy levels on biosynthesis, the influence of energy is often overlooked. Through determination of the intracellular ATP concentrations during the biosynthesis process, significant changes were observed. In addition, ATP synthesis deficiency caused great decreases in quantum dots (QDs) biosynthesis in the Δatp1, Δatp2, Δatp14, and Δatp17 strains. With inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy analyses, it was found that ATP affected the accumulation of the seleno-precursor and helped with the uptake of Cd and the formation of QDs. We successfully enhanced the fluorescence intensity 1.5 or 2 times through genetic modification to increase ATP or SeAM (the seleno analog of S-adenosylmethionine, the product that would accumulate when ATP is accrued). This work explains the mechanism for the correlation of the cellular energy level and QDs biosynthesis in living cells, demonstrates control of the biosynthesis using this mechanism, and thus provides a new manipulation strategy for the biosynthesis of other nanomaterials to widen their applications.
Global Transmission Dynamics of Measles in the Measles Elimination Era

Although there have been many epidemiological reports of the inter-country transmission of measles, systematic analysis of the global transmission dynamics of the measles virus (MV) is limited. In this study, we applied phylogeographic analysis to characterize the global transmission dynamics of the MV using large-scale genetic sequence data (obtained for 7456 sequences) from 115 countries between 1954 and 2015. These analyses reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics of global transmission of the virus, especially in Australia, China, India, Japan, the UK, and the USA in the period since 1990. The transmission is frequently observed, not only within the same region but also among distant and frequently visited areas. Frequencies of export from measles-endemic countries, such as China, India, and Japan are high but decreasing, while the frequencies from countries where measles is no longer endemic, such as Australia, the UK, and the USA, are low but slightly increasing. The world is heading toward measles eradication, but the disease is still transmitted regionally and globally. Our analysis reveals that countries wherein measles is endemic and those having eliminated the disease (apart from occasional outbreaks) both remain a source of global transmission in this measles elimination era. It is therefore crucial to maintain vigilance in efforts to monitor and eradicate measles globally.
The effects of human relations training on reported teacher stress, pupil control ideology and locus of control.

BACKGROUND This study presents the reported outcomes of a two-year, part-time Masters' programme in human relations using an experiential learning methodology based mainly on humanistic psychological theory. AIMS The following hypotheses were examined. That as a result of the two-year programme: the experience of reported stress would be reduced; reported attitudes to student classroom control would shift from custodial to humanistic; there would be an increase in reports from participants of a sense of control over their lives; changes of behaviour in work, social settings and at home related to these three variables would be reported. SAMPLE Involved in the study were 42 experienced teachers. These included 32 women and 10 men, with an average age of 35, who worked in a wide range of educational institutions. Their learning style preferences were also considered as independent variables. A control group of 42 was established with similar demographic characteristics. METHODS Prior to the course, the experimental group and the control group were given the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Pupil Control Ideology Form. In the early stages of the course, the experimental group completed the Kolb Learning Style Inventory and an informal measure of locus of control which was repeated at the end of the first year of the course. A sample of 32 from the experimental group were given semi-structured interviews relating to changes in their professional and personal lives. RESULTS The results indicated that, following the training, there was a reduction in reported stress, indications of a more humanistic orientation towards pupil control and an increase in a sense of an internal locus of control. The quantitative data were confirmed by qualitative data generated from semi-structured interviews, which involved substantial reports of applications of the training in their professional and personal lives. CONCLUSION These results provide support for including experiential human relations training as part of both the in-service and initial teacher training programmes.
Adenovirus transcriptional regulatory regions are conserved in mammalian cells and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The adenovirus early region 3 (E3) promoter is an early viral promoter which is strongly induced by the adenovirus transactivator protein E1A. DNase I footprinting with HeLa cell extracts has identified four factor-binding domains which appear to be involved in basal and E1A-induced transcriptional regulation. These binding domains may bind TATA region-binding factors (site I), the CREB/ATF protein (site II), the AP-1 protein (site III), and nuclear factor I/CTF (site IV). Recently, it has been shown that the DNA-binding domain of transcription factor AP-1 has homology with the yeast transcription factor GCN4 and that the yeast transactivator protein GAL4 is able to stimulate transcription in HeLa cells from promoters containing GAL4-binding sites. These results suggest an evolutionary conservation of both transcription factors and the mechanisms responsible for transcriptional activation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and higher eucaryotic organisms. To determine whether similar patterns of transcriptional regulation were seen with the E3 promoter in HeLa and yeast cells, the E3 promoter fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene was cloned into a high-copy-number plasmid and stably introduced into yeast cells. S1 analysis revealed that similar E3 promoter mRNA start sites were found in yeast and HeLa cells. DNase I footprinting with partially purified yeast extracts revealed that four regions of the E3 promoter were protected. Several of these regions were similar to binding sites determined by using HeLa cell extracts. Oligonucleotide mutagenesis of these binding domains indicated their importance in the transcriptional regulation of the E3 promoter in yeast cells. These results suggest that similar cellular transcription factor-binding sites may be involved in the regulation of promoters in both yeast and mammalian cells.
Innovative Strategy for Vehicle Position Certification on the basis of GNSS reference time

Thanks to precise synchronization of the satellite atomic clocks, reference time distribution over world-wide area can be provided by GNSS, such as GPS and incoming European Galileo. Single-frequency GPS receivers have been used for synchronizing telecommunications equipment since the early 90psilas, currently providing an accuracy of about tens of nanoseconds down to some nanoseconds in static scenarios and relying on timing-oriented as well as geodetic-quality receivers. In addition to time and frequency transfer purposes, such an effective global reference time can support a great number of emerging Location Based Services (LBS). Particularly, the paper shows an innovative GNSS time-based application in road transportation remote monitoring as a method to enhance the safety of vehicles carrying precious and dangerous goods. Particularly, the paper shows an innovative strategy employed to certify and so to enhance the safety of vehicles carrying precious and dangerous goods. In fact, the trust on the position autonomously evaluated by a GNSS receiver can be harmed by a lot of attacks performed on the tracking chain (i.e., signals in space, receiver, communication channel), and so the location certification method becomes a key point to assure the security of tracking and tracing applications. This method makes use of tamper resistance techniques at receiver-level to defend the receiver from external source attack, a time-evolving employing symmetric key encryption to protect the communication channel and a synchronization techniques based on the GNSS time to increase the reliability of the tracking chain.
Multiobjective optimization for planning of mineral processing under varied equipment capability

To solve multiobjective plan optimization problem of mineral processing under varied equipment capability, an improved dynamic multi-objective optimization algorithm based on random immigrants and elitism approach is proposed. Based on the G-NSGA-II [1], the random immigrant populations are introduced to enhance the diversity of population firstly. Secondly, the fitness function is calculated for the second parent and offspring when the variation occurs, and uses these fitness values of the new evolutionary computation to acquire optimal solution of dynamic multi-objective optimization problem. The proposed approach is validated using the actual production data collected from an iron ore beneficiation process. The experiment study on the constraint conditions (i.e. the equipment capability) changing with the working conditions in the planning optimization of production index decision problem is carried out. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can follow the changes of the environment, and be able to acquire the new environment optimal solution.
Redesigning Aldolase Stereoselectivity by Homologous Grafting

The 2-deoxy-d-ribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA) offers access to highly desirable building blocks for organic synthesis by catalyzing a stereoselective C-C bond formation between acetaldehyde and certain electrophilic aldehydes. DERA´s potential is particularly highlighted by the ability to catalyze sequential, highly enantioselective aldol reactions. However, its synthetic use is limited by the absence of an enantiocomplementary enzyme. Here, we introduce the concept of homologous grafting to identify stereoselectivity-determining amino acid positions in DERA. We identified such positions by structural analysis of the homologous aldolases 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase (KDPG) and the enantiocomplementary enzyme 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate aldolase (KDPGal). Mutation of these positions led to a slightly inversed enantiopreference of both aldolases to the same extent. By transferring these sequence motifs onto DERA we achieved the intended change in enantioselectivity.
Sliding mode control of static shunt compensator

This paper deals with the implementation of sliding mode control (SMC) strategy for a four-leg voltage supply converter (VSC) based distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) for power quality improvement in a three phase four-wire power distribution network. The main advantages of using the SMC in a DSTATCOM is the DC link voltage profile during the transient conditions is improved to less than 2% that of nominal DC link voltage and its second advantage is that the reference currents are estimated without sensing the load currents, which reduces current sensors. The DSTATCOM is modeled using Simulink and SimPowerSystem (SPS) toolboxes of MATLAB. The SMC algorithm is successfully tested and implemented on the laboratory developed prototype and it is satisfactorily verified for mitigation of power quality problems such as harmonics elimination, reactive power compensation, neutral current compensation and load balancing under nonlinear/linear loads.
Functional Interactions of Lanthanum and Phospholipase D with the Abscisic Acid Signaling Effectors VP1 and ABI1-1 in Rice Protoplasts*

cis,trans-Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant growth and development, regulation of seed maturation, germination, and adaptation to environmental stresses. Knowledge of ABA mechanisms of action and the interactions of components required for ABA signal transduction is far from complete. Using transient gene expression in rice protoplasts, we observed additive and inhibitory effects between maize VP1 (Viviparous-1, a transcriptional activator) and a dominant-negative mutant protein phosphatase, ABI1-1 (ABA-insensitive-1-1), fromArabidopsis. Lanthanide ions were shown to be specific agonists of ABA-inducible gene expression and to interact synergistically with ABA and overexpressed VP1. Both VP1 and lanthanum activities could be antagonized by coexpression of ABI1-1, which demonstrates the specific ABA dependence of these effectors on ABA-regulated gene expression. We obtained pharmacological evidence that phospholipase D (PLD) functions in ABA-inducible gene expression in rice. Antagonism of ABA, VP1, and lanthanum synergy by 1-butanol, a specific inhibitor of PLD, was similar to the inhibition by coexpression of ABI1-1. These results demonstrate that ABA, VP1, lanthanum, PLD, and ABI1 are all involved in ABA-regulated gene expression and are consistent with an integrated model whereby La3+ acts upstream of PLD.
Stimulation strategies and electrode design in computational models of the electrically stimulated cochlea: An overview of existing literature

ABSTRACT Since the 1970s, computational modeling has been used to investigate the fundamental mechanisms of cochlear implant stimulation. Lumped parameter models and analytical models have been used to simulate cochlear potentials, as well as three-dimensional volume conduction models based on the Finite Difference, Finite Element, and Boundary Element methods. Additionally, in order to simulate neural responses, several of these cochlear models have been combined with nerve models, which were either simple activation functions or active nerve fiber models of the cochlear auditory neurons. This review paper will present an overview of the ways in which these computational models have been employed to study different stimulation strategies and electrode designs. Research into stimulation strategies has concentrated mainly on multipolar stimulation as a means of achieving current focussing and current steering, while modeling work on electrode design has been chiefly concerned with finding the optimal position and insertion depth of the electrode array. Finally, the present and future of computational modeling of the electrically stimulated cochlea is discussed.
Infrastructures and algorithms for distributed anomaly-based intrusion detection in mobile ad-hoc networks

This paper addresses one aspect of the problem of defending mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) against computer attacks, namely, the development of a distributed anomaly-based intrusion detection system. In a general sense, the proposed system is a co-located sensor network, in which the monitored variable is the health of the network being monitored. A three level hierarchical system for data collection, processing and transmission is described. Local IDSs (intrusion detection systems) are attached to each node of the MANET, collecting raw data of network operation, and computing a local anomaly index measuring the difference between the current node operation and a baseline of normal operation. Anomaly indexes from nodes belonging to a cluster are periodically transmitted to a cluster head, which fuses the node indexes producing a cluster-level anomaly index. Likewise, cluster heads periodically transmit these cluster-level anomaly indexes to a manager node, which fuses the cluster-level indexes into a network-level anomaly index. Due to network mobility, cluster membership and cluster heads are time varying. The paper describes: (1) clustering algorithms to update cluster centers; (2) machine learning algorithms for computing the local anomaly indexes; (3) a statistical scheme for fusing the anomaly indexes at the cluster heads and at the manager. The statistical scheme is formally shown to increase detection accuracy under idealized assumptions. These algorithms were implemented and tested under the following conditions. Routing schemes: AODV (ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing) and OLSR (optimized link state routing); mobility patterns: random walk mobility model and reference point group mobility at various speeds; types of attacks: traffic flooding denial-of-service and black hole. For performance evaluation we determined the ROC (receiver operating characteristics) for various operational conditions at the nodes, cluster heads and manager. The overall results confirm the effectiveness of the infrastructures and algorithms described in the paper, with detection accuracy generally improving as we move up in the hierarchy, i.e. detection accuracy at the cluster level is higher than at local level, while network-level detection outperforms cluster-level detection
Anxiety, affect, and activity in teenagers: monitoring daily life with electronic diaries.

OBJECTIVE The everyday experiences of a community sample of adolescents differing in anxiety level were compared by means of electronic diaries. METHOD One hundred fifty-five ninth-grade adolescents completed electronic diaries every 30 minutes for two 4-day intervals, reporting their moods, activities, social settings, dietary intake, smoking, and alcohol use. Teenagers were stratified into low-, middle-, or high-anxiety groups on the basis of diary ratings and, separately, questionnaire scores. RESULTS High-anxiety teenagers, compared with low-anxiety teenagers, expressed higher levels not only of anxiety and stress but also of anger, sadness, and fatigue, along with lower levels of happiness and well-being. They reported fewer conversations and less recreational activity relative to achievement-oriented pursuits, stronger eating and smoking urges, and more tobacco use. There were few gender differences. Despite a tendency to spend less time with peers, high-anxiety teenagers were more likely to show reduced anxiety when in the company of friends. Sharper differentiations among anxiety subgroups emerged when stratification was based on diary reports rather than on questionnaire scores. CONCLUSION Even when anxiety problems fall below diagnostic thresholds, the daily lives of anxious adolescents differ meaningfully from those of their peers in affective, behavioral, and contextual domains.
The effect of current direction on the electromigration in short-lines with reservoirs

We have conducted electromigration tests on Cu/low-k standard short-line structures as well as those with varying numbers of reservoirs. We found that the presence and number of reservoirs as well as current direction relative to the reservoir led to markedly different electromigration performance in terms of lifetime and distribution shape. That is, in the case of a reservoir by the anode (or electron sink) line-end, lifetimes were similar or slightly better than the In the case of a reservoir by the cathode (or electron source) line-end, lifetimes were extremely longer than the long-line case or even immortal. Further, the distribution of the cathode reservoir structure exhibited a roll-over shape, in which the first fails corresponded to small void sizes and the later fails corresponded to larger void sizes. We believe these observations are related to the differences in stress development during electromigration, which will be constrained at the line-end at which the reservoir is present, and has been verified through simulation. Finally, we propose a method for assigning an equivalent length to these complex short-line configurations which indicates a ldquostrengthrdquo of the short-line benefit which would be equivalent to that of a standard short-line.
Custos de transporte e a estrutura espacial do comércio interestadual brasileiro

O objetivo deste artigo O estimar um modelo de comOrcio interestadual como base para quantifi- car a demanda assim derivada por transporte e avaliar o impacto dos custos logIsticos de abaste- cimento e distribuiAao na estrutura espacial do comOrcio interestadual brasileiro. A meta especIfica O quantificar os efeitos do componente transporte nos custos logIsticos tanto no volume quanto na distribuiAao dos fluxos de comOrcio de cada estado, diferenciados por seus nIveis de de- senvolvimento econUmico e estrutura produtiva. Identificam-se, assim, os estados que sofrem maior impacto nas suas relaAies de comOrcio pela oferta de serviAos de transporte e pela qualidade des- ses serviAos. A estimaAao do modelo proposto testa especificaAies alternativas para a distribuiAao do erro e para a forma funcional do modelo. Os resultados encontrados mostram que o modelo tipo Poisson O mais apropriado do que o modelo tipo log-normal habitualmente empregado nas estimaAies de modelos de interaAao espacial. Ganhos substanciais de ajustamento sao obtidos a partir do em- prego de uma especificaAao funcional flexIvel, acomodando as nao-linearidades inerentes a esse tipo de relaAao. O modelo exibe um excelente poder explicativo das relaAies de comOrcio, revelan- do inclusive o comportamento espacial de suas elasticidades em relaAao a seus principais deter- minantes. Entretanto, o desempenho preditivo do modelo ainda O insuficiente para que este seja aceito como uma descriAao adequada dos dados, quando avaliado em termos de previsies de flu- xos especIficos. Uma possIvel explicaAao seria a opAao pela parcimUnia no nœmero de variAEveis explicativas utilizadas neste estudo. De fato, ao que a anAElise dos erros indica, hAE efeitos de vizi- nhanAa entre estados que induzem relaAies de comOrcio nao capturadas pelas variAEveis empre- gadas. No caso especIfico do impacto dos custos logIsticos no comOrcio, constatou-se que os efeitos sobre os estados sao muito diferenciados. Particularmente, os fluxos mais afetados sao aqueles entre es- tados com maior proporAao de produAao agrIcola e os de comOrcio, que percorrem dist‚ncias mais longas. Por outro lado, fluxos entre estados mais industrializados ou mais concentrados na produAao de serviAos sao relativamente menos afetados; o impacto dos custos logIsticos do co- mOrcio sao ainda mais atenuados nas relaAies entre estados vizinhos ou mais prUximos.
Interpretative Dynamics in Human Robot Interaction

Current technologies often tend to emphasise utilitarian versions of work, entertainment, and consumer activity by embodying a representation of the privileged activities they support and the values predefined by the designer. Social robots offer an extraordinary opportunity to design technologies with open-ended possibilities for interaction and engagement with humans. In the paper, we present the results of a case study conducted in a nursing home with elderly people interacting with the seal robot Paro. The results of the study show that the robot actively supports our natural disposition to attribute intentional states to inanimate or artificial objects. In addition interesting interpretative dynamics developing in human robot interaction emerged in the study: mental compromised subjects alternate their assessment of the robot from an inanimate object to an agent, depending on the severity of their disease. However, the observation shows that also subjects talking about the robot as an inanimate object, continue to be emotionally and intellectually involved in the experience. In this respect, agentivity does not seem to be a key factor in assuring a pleasurable and intriguing interaction experience