Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of Dominating and Adaptive Partial Dominating Sets in AODV Routing Protocol for MANETs

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a wireless network that does not rely on any fixed infrastructure (i.e., routing facilities, such as wired networks and access points), and whose nodes must coordinate among themselves to determine connectivity and routing. The broadcast can target a portion of the network (e.g. gathering neighborhood information), or the entire network (e.g., discovering routes on demand). Broadcasting of signaling and data in MANETs raise redundant transmission of control packets to overcome these problems we applied dominating set and Adaptive partial Dominating (APDP) approach to existing routing protocols such as Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV). The focus of this paper is to apply the concept of DS and APDP to AODV and evaluate the performance of dominating sets in AODV that improve broadcasting, End-to-End Delay, Network load, Packet Latency, and also maintains secure packet transmission. IndexTerms—Adaptive partial dominating, Dominating sets, AODV
Correlations between phylogenetic and functional diversity: mathematical artefacts or true ecological and evolutionary processes?

Questions Is phylogenetic diversity (PD) an accurate surrogate for functional diversity (FD)? How are FD:PD correlations affected by the diversity index used, covarying factors and/or the strength of the phylogenetic signal in ecological traits? Location Field study, coastal marsh plain Mekhada, Algeria, complemented by simulated data. Methods FD and PD indices might correlate simply because variation in species richness and evenness (referred to as co-factors) influences both FD and PD values. We partition FD and PD indices into components influenced by species richness, evenness and species' (functional and phylogenetic) characteristics. When a simple partition was not found, comparison to null models was used to remove the effects of co-factors. We examined correlations between ten FD and PD indices, among which several were shown to be connected using our mathematical partitioning approach and several were transformed by comparison with null models to control for effects of co-factors. In doing this, FD values were calculated using simulated trait values with varying phylogenetic signal. We then selected a subset of complementary FD and PD indices in exploring the influence of environmental variables on diversity across 75 plant assemblages in Mekhada. Results Altogether, mathematical partitioning and the comparison to null models successfully removed the effects of co-factors when comparing FD and PD. For all indices affected by species richness, FD:PD correlations approached 1, irrespective of the trait evolution model used. In contrast, simulations showed that FD:PD correlations measured with indices unaffected by co-factors decreased when the phylogenetic signal in traits decreased. Applied to plant assemblages in Mekhada, complementary diversity indices showed that, despite significant (but moderate) FD:PD correlation, FD but not PD was significantly correlated with the main stress gradient (salinity). Conclusions From both our simulations and analysis of plant community diversity, PD was a poor surrogate for FD. In Mekhada, PD was also less correlated with environmental variables than FD. Species richness was found to be a better surrogate for FD than PD in identifying the ecological processes that distribute species along the salinity gradient.
Triggering of affinity-enriched B cells. Analysis of B cell stimulation by antigen-specific helper factor or lipopolysaccharide. I. Dissection into proliferative and differentiative signals

Proliferative and differentiative signals controlling the in vitro IgM response by unprimed, affinity-enriched B cells were studied using conditions under which as few as 2,000 B cells stimulated by antigen- specific, Ia-positive, allogeneically restricted, T cell-derived helper factor (Hf) or the polyclonal activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) yielded on the average 400 antibody-forming cells (AFC) by direct plaque assay. Antigen alone induces neither B cell proliferation nor differentiation into AFC. Proliferation but not differentiation into AFC is induced when affinity-enriched B cells are cultured in the presence of Ag and Hf or LPS but in the absence of nonantigen-specific, radioresistant, accessory (A) cells. For the induction of a complete Hf- or LPS-mediated AFC response, cultures must be reconstituted with A cells or the secretory product(s) of these cells. The antigen-specific response depends strictly on the presence of the Hf specific for the relevant antigen, regardless of the cell cycle state of cooperating B cells. The differentiative signal from A cells is due, at least in part, to the presence of a Thy-1.2-bearing population of cells. In the case of the LPS-mediated, but not the Hf-mediated response. A cells can be substituted by using supernatant derived from an interleukin 2- secreting T lymphoma cell line (EL4). In the presence of histocompatible Hf and B cells, histoincompatible A cells can still cooperate in the immune response. However, the degree of allogeneic restriction between incompatible Hf and B cells is markedly increased if both B cells and A cells are incompatible with Hf.
Localized proton MRS of the human hippocampus: Metabolite concentrations and relaxation times

Absolute concentrations and proton relaxation times of major metabolites in the human hippocampus were determined with use of fully relaxed, short‐echo time STEAM localization sequences at 2.0 T (20 normal adults). Mean metabolite concentrations were 7.6 ± 0.9 mM for total N‐acetylaspartate (tNAA), 6.9 ± 0.8 mM for total creatine (tCr), 2.1 ± 0.3 mM for choline‐containing compounds (Cho), and 6.2 ± 0.9 mM for myo‐inositol (Ins). The observation of relatively low tNAA and high Cho and Ins levels compared with cortical gray and white matter corresponds to a lower neuronal density and higher glial density than in the neocortex, in agreement with histologic findings. The data do not support a lateralization of metabolites. T1 and T2 relaxation times were in the range of 1400–1730 and 140–330 msec, respectively, similar to those in other brain regions. Magn Reson Med 41:204‐207, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An intelligent method of detecting pork freshness based on digital image processing

In this paper, an improved pork freshness detecting method based on digital image processing and BP neutral network was presented. The shape of the slaughtering fresh pork cell was oval and smooth and it will change obviously in the process of pork corruption. The edge of cell will rupture and merge together until being absolutely misshapen. Seven characteristic parameters about cell shape would be extracted to stand for the level of corruption. And designs then correspond to the pork freshness standard TVB-N and characteristic parameters finally trained by BP neural network. The experimental results showed that the characteristic parameter about cell shape could detect the freshness effectively.
Sexual experience restores age‐related decline in adult neurogenesis and hippocampal function

Aging is associated with compromised hippocampal function and reduced adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. As new neurons have been linked to hippocampal functions, such as cognition, age‐related decline in new neuron formation may contribute to impaired hippocampal function. We investigated whether a rewarding experience known to stimulate neurogenesis in young adult rats, namely sexual experience, would restore new neuron production and hippocampal function in middle‐aged rats. Sexual experience enhanced the number of newly generated neurons in the dentate gyrus with both single and repeated exposures in middle‐aged rats. Following continuous long‐term exposure to sexual experience, cognitive function was improved. However, when a prolonged withdrawal period was introduced between the final mating experience and behavioral testing, the improvements in cognitive function were lost despite the presence of more new neurons. Taken together, these results suggest that repeated sexual experience can stimulate adult neurogenesis and restore cognitive function in the middle‐aged rat as long as the experience persists throughout the testing period. The extent to which changes in adult neurogenesis underlie those in cognition remain unknown. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A meta-analysis of mathematics and working memory: Moderating effects of working memory domain, type of mathematics skill, and sample characteristics

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the relation between mathematics and working memory (WM) and to identify possible moderators of this relation including domains of WM, types of mathematics skills, and sample type. A meta-analysis of 110 studies with 829 effect sizes found a significant medium correlation of mathematics and WM, r = . 35, 95% confidence interval [. 32, . 37]. Moderation analyses indicated that mathematics showed comparable association with verbal WM, numerical WM, and visuospatial WM. Word-problem solving and whole-number calculations showed the strongest relation with WM whereas geometry showed the weakest relation with WM. The relation between WM and mathematics was stronger among individuals with mathematics difficulties that are associated with other disorders or cognitive deficits compared with that among typically developing individuals and individuals with only mathematics difficulties. The implications of these findings with respect to mathematics instruction and WM training are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Asymptotic expansions for the AWGN channel with feedback under a peak power constraint

This paper investigates the asymptotic expansion for the size of block codes defined for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with feedback under the following setting: A peak power constraint is imposed on every transmitted codeword (i.e., maximum per-codeword power constraint), and the average error probability of decoding the transmitted message is non-vanishing as the blocklength increases. It is well-known that the presence of feedback does not increase the first-order asymptotics (i.e., capacity) in the asymptotic expansion for the AWGN channel. The main contribution of this paper is proving an upper bound on the asymptotic expansion for the AWGN channel with feedback. Combined with existing achievability results for the AWGN channel, our result implies that the presence of feedback does not improve the second- and third-order asymptotics.
Photochemoprevention of UVB‐induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH‐1 mice by brown algae polyphenols

Chronic exposure of the skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in the induction of skin cancer. In this study, the effect of dietary feeding and topical application of brown algae polyphenols on UVB radiation‐induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH‐1 mice was investigated. SKH‐1 hairless mice were randomly divided into 9 groups, including control, UVB control and treatment groups. They were treated orally (0.1% and 0.5% with AIN‐76 diet, w/w) and topically (3 and 6 mg/0.2 ml of vehicle) with brown algae polyphenols and irradiated with UVB for 26 weeks. Dietary feeding (0.1% and 0.5%) of brown algae polyphenols significantly reduced tumor multiplicity (45% and 56%) and tumor volume (54% and 65%), and topical administration (3 and 6 mg) significantly decreased tumor multiplicity (60% and 46%) and tumor volume (66% and 57%), respectively, per tumor‐bearing mouse. Dietary feeding and topical administration of the polyphenols also inhibited tumor incidence by 6% and 21%, respectively, but the results were not significant. Dietary and topical administration of the polyphenols markedly inhibited cyclooxygenase‐2 activity and cell proliferation. These observations show that brown algae polyphenols have an antiphotocarcinogenic effect which may be associated with the prevention of UVB‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell proliferation in the skin. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MISO single-carrier system with feedback channel information for narrowband PLC applications

Nowadays, the use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) concepts is being investigated to improve performance of power line communication (PLC) systems, however few attentions have being put on how it can be applied to improve narrow-band technologies based upon single-carrier (SC) modulation. In this paper, a multiple-input single-output (MISO)-SC system for narrowband PLC is devised and the applicability of feedback channel information into the MISO-SC system is considered. Simulation results with outdoor PLC channels and additive noise composed of background and impulsive components indicate that the MISO-SC system with partial feedback channel information can surpass the performances of MISO-SC without feedback and SISO-SC system with and without feedback channel.
Signal Regulatory Protein α Ligation Induces Macrophage Nitric Oxide Production through JAK/STAT- and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Rac1/NAPDH Oxidase/H2O2-Dependent Pathways

ABSTRACT Signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) is a glycoprotein receptor that recruits and signals via the tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2. In macrophages SIRPα can negatively regulate the phagocytosis of host cells and the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha. Here we provide evidence that SIRPα can also stimulate macrophage activities, in particular the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species. Ligation of SIRPα by antibodies or soluble CD47 triggers inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and production of NO. This was not caused by blocking negative-regulatory SIRPα-CD47 interactions. SIRPα-induced NO production was prevented by inhibition of the tyrosine kinase JAK2. JAK2 was found to associate with SIRPα in macrophages, particularly after SIRPα ligation, and SIRPα stimulation resulted in JAK2 and STAT1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Furthermore, SIRPα-induced NO production required the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by a NADPH oxidase (NOX) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)-dependent activation of Rac1, an intrinsic NOX component. Finally, SIRPα ligation promoted SHP-1 and SHP-2 recruitment, which was both JAK2 and PI3-K dependent. These findings demonstrate that SIRPα ligation induces macrophage NO production through the cooperative action of JAK/STAT and PI3-K/Rac1/NOX/H2O2 signaling pathways. Therefore, we propose that SIRPα is able to function as an activating receptor.
Surface-based characterization of healthy human adult cortex : An investigation of its morphological variability, late maturation and asymmetries

Studying the complexity of the human brain anatomy requires the characterization of multimodal and multiscale features obtained by recent in vivo neuroimaging techniques. In the present thesis, we benefited from up to date automated surface-based brain image analysis software to extract structural phenotypes of the human cerebral cortex, namely the cortical thickness, the surface area, the sulcal depth, the curvature and the intracortical myelin content. The principal aim of this work was to characterize multimodal structural variables on a large database of 450 healthy adults aged from 18 to 57 years (the BILG the planum temporale and the superior temporal sulcus had rather positive asymmetry correlations. The planum temporale presented a leftward asymmetry of both cortical thickness and area while the superior temporal sulcus showed a right asymmetry of the two variables. This study demonstrated that there were correlations between thickness and surface area asymmetries, characteristics of the cortex organization. These areas are key sites for which it now remains to study the anatomical relevance as markers of brain lateralization and its functional correlates.
Method Selection for Complicated Equipment R&D with Consideration of Technique, Cost and Time

Usually, there are different objectives and units of measurement related to technique, cost and time in R&D process, which make it more complicated to select R&D methods, let alone decision making with comprehensive consideration of the balance among them. The theory of multi-objective programming, mixed integer programming and critical path is herein used to establish a multi-objective programming model. In this model, constraints are based on the respective objectives of the factors and the balance among them while the objective function is minimizing the sum of the weighted relative deviation of each object. Besides being used to optimize decision making in the R&D process of complicated equipment, this model is a general form and can also be used in the development of other projects in other fields.
Integration of a radiation biomarker into modeling of thyroid carcinogenesis and post-Chernobyl risk assessment

Strong evidence for the statistical association between radiation exposure and disease has been produced for thyroid cancer by epidemiological studies after the Chernobyl accident. However, limitations of the epidemiological approach in order to explore health risks especially at low doses of radiation appear obvious. Statistical fluctuations due to small case numbers dominate the uncertainty of risk estimates. Molecular radiation markers have been searched extensively to separate radiation-induced cancer cases from sporadic cases. The overexpression of the CLIP2 gene is the most promising of these markers. It was found in the majority of papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) from young patients included in the Chernobyl tissue bank. Motivated by the CLIP2 findings we propose a mechanistic model which describes PTC development as a sequence of rate-limiting events in two distinct paths of CLIP2-associated and multistage carcinogenesis. It integrates molecular measurements of the dichotomous CLIP2 marker from 141 patients into the epidemiological risk analysis for about 13 000 subjects from the Ukrainian-American cohort which were exposed below age 19 years and were put under enhanced medical surveillance since 1998. For the first time, a radiation risk has been estimated solely from marker measurements. Cross checking with epidemiological estimates and model validation suggests that CLIP2 is a marker of high precision. CLIP2 leaves an imprint in the epidemiological incidence data which is typical for a driver gene. With the mechanistic model, we explore the impact of radiation on the molecular landscape of PTC. The model constitutes a unique interface between molecular biology and radiation epidemiology.
Type D Personality and Injury Relationship in Collegiate Track Athletes

The purpose of this study was to examine Type D personality as an internal factor for injury risk in collegiate track athletes. A survey was administered to 275 track athletes across each of the three NCAA divisions. The survey included general questions about injury history, which included demographic type questions. A Type D Personality Inventory assessment was administered which measured negative affectivity and social inhibition (Blum, 2009). Additionally, the survey included a version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), measuring an athlete’s evaluation of situations that invokes a stress response (Cohen et al, 1983). Lastly, the survey included the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI) ((Smith et al, 1994), which measures an athlete’s psychological skills. Skills measured in this section included; coping under adversity, coach ability, concentration, confidence, goal setting, peaking under pressure, and freedom from worry. Logistic Regression results revealed that Type D personality is a significant factor for predicting athletic injury in collegiate track athletes. However, a discriminate analysis with the two factors of Type D personality, negative affectivity and social inhibition, revealed that only negative affectivity significantly predicted injury. Coping skills and perceived stress both had significant impacts on negative affectivity. Due to social inhibitions insignificant effect on predicting injury, it was not further looked into. Findings from this study provide essential information to athletic programs, coaches and athletes aiming to reduce injury risk among collegiate track athletes.
Fatty Acid Status and Its Relationship to Cognitive Decline and Homocysteine Levels in the Elderly

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially the n-3 series, are known for their protective effects. Considering that cardiovascular diseases are risk factors for dementia, which is common at aging, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether fatty acid status in the elderly was associated with cognitive function and cardiovascular risk. Forty-five elderly persons (age ≥60 years) were included and divided into two groups based on their Mini-Mental Status Examination score adjusted for educational level: the case group (n = 12) and the control group (n = 33). Serum fatty acid composition, homocysteine (Hcy), hs-CRP, lipid profile and different cognitive domains were evaluated. The case group, characterized by reduced cognitive performance, showed higher levels of 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n-7 fatty acids and lower levels of 22:0, 24:1n-9, 22:6n-3 (DHA) and total PUFAs compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The n-6/n-3 ratio was elevated in both study groups, whereas alterations in Hcy, hs-CRP and lipid profile were observed in the case group. Cognitive function was positively associated with the 24:1n-9, DHA and total n-3 PUFAs, while 14:0, 16:0 and 16:1n-7 fatty acids, the n-6/n-3 ratio and Hcy were inversely associated. In addition, n-3 PUFAs, particularly DHA, were inversely associated with cardiovascular risk, assessed by Hcy levels in the elderly.
Online Word-Of-Mouth and Mobile Product Reviews: An Experimental Investigation of the Mediating Role of Mobile Self Efficacy

Online word-of-mouth (WOM) has been studied extensively by electronic commerce researchers, particularly in the realm of online product reviews. As mobile computing becomes more and more common, difference in navigation and the ability to foster focus may lead to changes in the way in which consumers read and react to mobile product reviews compared to online reviews. We use research related to mobile computing limitations, Mobile Self Efficacy and information overload to outlines a study in which two common online review outcomes, trust in the review and purchase intention are evaluated in a mobile environment.
Proactivity at Work: A Big Picture Perspective on a Construct that Matters

Proactive behaviour involves aiming and striving to bring about change in the environment and/or oneself to achieve a different future: it is anticipatory, self-initiated, and changeoriented behaviour. Academic literature on the topic of proactivity has blossomed in recent times, so it is an appropriate time to take stock of the field. We trace the evolution of the topic from diffuse concepts in separate literatures, to a trait-oriented approach, to more recent integrative behavioural and goal process approaches. We then outline the organisation of the book, from different forms (Part 1), individual dynamics (Part 2) and work/organizational antecedents/ outcomes (Part 3).
GIMC based two-degree-of-freedom robust control of induction motor

The problems about guaranteeing robustness of decoupling control of induction motor and shortage of conventional robust control approaches in considering nominal and robustness performance synchronously are introduced. In order to solve these problems, principle and structure of generalized internal model control (GIMC) based two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) is studied, the design methods of robust control compensator and nominal controller of the proposed method are investigated respectively. The proposed design is applied to design controllers for the nonlinear differential geometry based decoupling linear subsystems of induction motor, simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method has high robust performance to the influence of model uncertainty and external disturbance, and it can improved decoupling performance effectively.