Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a Young Planetary-Mass Binary

We have identified a companion to the young planetary-mass brown dwarf Oph 162225-240515. This pair forms a resolved binary consisting of two objects with masses comparable to those of extrasolar giant planets. Several lines of evidence confirm the coevality and youth of the two objects, suggesting that they form a physical binary. Models yield masses of ∼14 and ∼7 times the mass of Jupiter for the primary and the secondary object, respectively, at an age of ∼1 million years. A wide (∼240–astronomical unit) binary in the ultra-low-mass regime poses a challenge to some popular models of brown dwarf formation.
High‐resolution photo‐mosaic time‐series imagery for monitoring human use of an artificial reef

Abstract Successful marine management relies on understanding patterns of human use. However, obtaining data can be difficult and expensive given the widespread and variable nature of activities conducted. Remote camera systems are increasingly used to overcome cost limitations of conventional labour‐intensive methods. Still, most systems face trade‐offs between the spatial extent and resolution over which data are obtained, limiting their application. We trialed a novel methodology, CSIRO Ruggedized Autonomous Gigapixel System (CRAGS), for time series of high‐resolution photo‐mosaic (HRPM) imagery to estimate fine‐scale metrics of human activity at an artificial reef located 1.3 km from shore. We compared estimates obtained using the novel system to those produced with a web camera that concurrently monitored the site. We evaluated the effect of day type (weekday/weekend) and time of day on each of the systems and compared to estimates obtained from binocular observations. In general, both systems delivered similar estimates for the number of boats observed and to those obtained by binocular counts; these results were also unaffected by the type of day (weekend vs. weekday). CRAGS was able to determine additional information about the user type and party size that was not possible with the lower resolution webcam system. However, there was an effect of time of day as CRAGS suffered from poor image quality in early morning conditions as a result of fixed camera settings. Our field study provides proof of concept of use of this new cost‐effective monitoring tool for the remote collection of high‐resolution large‐extent data on patterns of human use at high temporal frequency.
Explaining educational differences in mortality: the role of behavioral and material factors.

OBJECTIVES This study examined the role of behavioral and material factors in explaining educational differences in all-cause mortality, taking into account the overlap between both types of factors. METHODS Prospective data were used on 15,451 participants in a Dutch longitudinal study. Relative hazards of all-cause mortality by educational level were calculated before and after adjustment for behavioral factors (alcohol intake, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, dietary habits) and material factors (financial problems, neighborhood conditions, housing conditions, crowding, employment status, a proxy of income). RESULTS Mortality was higher in lower educational groups. Four behavioral factors (alcohol, smoking, body mass index, physical activity) and 3 material factors (financial problems, employment status, income proxy) explained part of the educational differences in mortality. With the overlap between both types of factors accounted for, material factors were more important than behavioral factors in explaining mortality differences by educational level. CONCLUSIONS The association between educational level and mortality can be largely explained by material factors. Thus, improving the material situation of people might substantially reduce educational differences in mortality.
Remotely sensed vegetation phenology of sky islands in the madrean archipelago

* Corresponding author. Abstract – The goal of this work is to develop an assessment of changes in landscape scale phenology (Timing of biological events such as green-up and flowering) for vegetation along elevation gradients for mountain sky islands in the drylands of the Southwest US and Northern Mexico. The main goal is to better understand the variability in climate and vegetation green-up relationships as they vary seasonally and interannually and along the elevation and latitudinal gradients. Land surface phenological time series derived from the MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data from 2000 to 2010 were processed to characterize the interannual and seasonal variability among different sky islands in the Madrean Archipelago. Representative mountains among the sky islands and elevation clines showed unique recurring and interannual phenological trajectories and spatial patterns related to seasonality, drought, and some wildfire events. The start of the season was generally earlier for the higher elevations, while seasonal productivity generally increased with elevation.
Multiple armed bandits based opportunistic channel access with switching cost in block fading channel

In this paper we consider the channel access problem with switching cost under the block fading channel. We formulate the problem to multi-armed bandit problem with the goal of minimizing the outage rate and switching cost. To achieve this goal we propose the block based multi-armed bandit combining with repetition time diversity for channel access. The regret of the algorithm is proved logarithmic in time. The simulations show the algorithm outperforms traditional slot multi-armed bandit in regret and outage rate.
The Generalizability of Externalizing Behavior Composites and Subscale Scores Across Time, Rater, and Instrument

Abstract The dependability of externalizing behavior composites and subscale scores from the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition, Teacher Rating Scale—Child (Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2004) and the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, Teacher's Report Form for Ages 6–18 (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) was investigated. Teacher pairs from six classrooms each completed items contributing to the externalizing composites and subscales for 10 of their students on two occasions approximately 1–3 weeks apart. Pearson correlation coefficients examining consistency between raters, between instruments, and between measurement occasions were generally strong, but dependability coefficients were moderate when rater, instrument, and occasion were considered concurrently. Variance component estimates indicated that individual differences among students accounted for the largest proportion of total variance across all score comparisons, but differences between teacher ratings for particular students and between instruments accounted for relatively large proportions of error variance among subscale scores. The implications of simultaneously considering multiple error sources for test users are discussed.
NONLINEAR CONTROL DESIGN FOR A MAGNETIC LEVITATION SYSTEM

This thesis presents the design of two magnetically levitated high precision positioning systems based on permanent magnet linear synchronous motors (PMLSMs). Magnetic levitation based on PMLSMs requires the motors to operate with a variable airgap length but previous research in the field has studied mainly motors fastened by bearings; therefore, this work first models a motor with free normal dynamics. A 3-DOF levitation device is then designed with basis on the resulting model of the motor. The nature of that system conveys the need for restricting its state in order to guarantee well-definiteness of the controls. Simulations then evaluate the performance of three different stabilization approaches: LQR, standard nonlinear control, and invariance control. Because that 3-DOF device neither controls nor constrains rotation, a more complex machine is introduced in order to regulate five DOF. An invariance controller completes the design of this 5-DOF levitation device.
Primary, Memory, and Recall Responses to Evolution of the T Cell Repertoire During

Many viral infections induce a broad repertoire of CD8 1 T cell responses that initiate recognition and elimination of infected cells by interaction of TCRs with viral peptides presented on infected cells by MHC class I proteins. Following clearance of the infection, > 90% of activated CD8 1 T cells die, leaving behind a stable pool of memory CD8 1 T cells capable of responding to subsequent infections with enhanced kinetics. To probe the mechanisms involved in the generation of T cell memory, we compared primary, memory, and secondary challenge virus-speciﬁc T cell repertoires using a combination of costaining with MHC class I tetramers and a panel of anti-V b Abs, as well as complementarity-determining region 3 length distribution analysis of TCR V b transcripts from cells sorted according to tetramer binding. Following individual mice over time, we found identity between primary effector and memory TCR repertoires for each of three immunodominant epitopes from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. During secondary responses, we found quantitative changes in epitope-speciﬁc T cell hierarchies but little evidence for changes in V b usage or complementarity-determining region 3 length distributions within epitope-speciﬁc populations. We con-clude that 1) selection of memory T cell populations is stochastic and not determined by a distinct step of clonal selection necessary for survival from the acute responding population, and 2) maturation of the T cell repertoire during secondary lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection alters the relative magnitudes of epitope-speciﬁc responses but does not signiﬁcantly modify the repertoire of T cells responding to a given epitope. The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 165: 6081–6090.
On the Decidability of Elementary Modal Logics

We consider the satisfiability problem for modal logic over first-order definable classes of frames. We confirm the conjecture from Hemaspaandra and Schnoor [2008] that modal logic is decidable over classes definable by universal Horn formulae. We provide a full classification of Horn formulae with respect to the complexity of the corresponding satisfiability problem. It turns out, that except for the trivial case of inconsistent formulae, local satisfiability is either NP-complete or PSpace-complete, and global satisfiability is NP-complete, PSpace-complete, or ExpTime-complete. We also show that the finite satisfiability problem for modal logic over Horn definable classes of frames is decidable. On the negative side, we show undecidability of two related problems. First, we exhibit a simple universal three-variable formula defining the class of frames over which modal logic is undecidable. Second, we consider the satisfiability problem of bimodal logic over Horn definable classes of frames, and also present a formula leading to undecidability.
Temporal Difference Learning Versus Co-Evolution for Acquiring Othello Position Evaluation

This paper compares the use of temporal difference learning (TDL) versus co-evolutionary learning (CEL) for acquiring position evaluation functions for the game of Othello. The paper provides important insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. The main findings are that for Othello, TDL learns much faster than CEL, but that properly tuned CEL can learn better playing strategies. For CEL, it is essential to use parent-child weighted averaging in order to achieve good performance. Using this method a high quality weighted piece counter was evolved, and was shown to significantly outperform a set of standard heuristic weights
Comparison of different models for wind speed prediction

The paper presents several unconventional models for wind speed prediction based on fuzzy logic and neural network techniques. First, two fuzzy models of a position and position-gradient type are built on the basis of different meteorological data such as solar radiation, relative humidity, ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure etc. In order to obtain the fuzzy models for wind speed prediction, Sugeno-Yasukawa identification algorithm was employed. Next, a neuro-fuzzy model for wind speed prediction was build, based on statistical learning theory. The model presents a fuzzy inference system of Takagi-Sugeno type that uses an extended relevance vector machine for learning its parameters and number of fuzzy rules. Finally, a neural network approach was applied to build two different models for wind speed prediction based on extreme learning machine techniques. Both neural models represent single layer feedforward neural networks, with different learning algorithms. The first one applies classic extreme learning machine and the second one uses incremental extreme learning machine philosophy. The obtained models are compared for their generalization performance and approximation capability, and although they all possess excellent approximation capabilities, the neural model based on incremental extreme learning machine has shown the best simulation results.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for Flow Measurement

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) produces a three dimensional spatial distribution of positron-electron annihilations within an image volume. Various positron emitters are available for use in aqueous, organic and liquid metal flows. Preliminary experiments at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville (UTK) injected small flows of PET tracer into a bulk water flow in a four rod bundle. The trajectory and diffusion of the tracer in the bulk flow were then mapped using a PET scanner. A spatial resolution of 1.4 mm is achieved with current preclinical Micro-PET imaging equipment resulting in 200 MB 3D activity fields. A time resolved 3-D spatial activity profile was also measured. The PET imaging method is especially well suited to complex geometries where traditional optical methods such as LDV and PIV are difficult to apply. PET methods are uniquely useful for imaging in opaque fluids, opaque pressure boundaries, and multiphase studies. Several commercial and shareware Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes are currently used for science and engineering analysis and design. These codes produce detailed three dimensional flow predictions. The models produced by these codes are often difficult to validate. The development of this experimental technique offers a modality for the comparison of CFD outcomes with experimental data. Developed data sets from PET can be used in verification and validation exercises of simulation outcomes.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands regulate endothelial membrane superoxide production.

Recently, we demonstrated that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligands, either 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) or ciglitazone, increased endothelial nitric oxide (.NO) release without altering endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression (4). However, the precise molecular mechanisms of PPAR-gamma-stimulated endothelial.NO release remain to be defined. Superoxide anion radical (O2-.) combines with . NO to decrease.NO bioavailability. NADPH oxidase, which produces O2-. , and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), which degrades O2-. , thereby contribute to regulation of endothelial cell.NO metabolism. Therefore, we examined the ability of PPAR-gamma ligands to modulate endothelial O2-. metabolism through alterations in the expression and activity of NADPH oxidase or Cu/Zn-SOD. Treatment with 10 microM 15d-PGJ2 or ciglitazone for 24 h decreased human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) membrane NADPH-dependent O2-. production detected with electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Treatment with 15d-PGJ2 or ciglitazone also reduced relative mRNA levels of the NADPH oxidase subunits, nox-1, gp91phox (nox-2), and nox-4, as measured using real-time PCR analysis. Concordantly, Western blot analysis demonstrated that 15d-PGJ2 or ciglitazone decreased nox-2 and nox-4 protein expression. PPAR-gamma ligands also stimulated both activity and expression of Cu/Zn-SOD in HUVEC. These data suggest that in addition to any direct effects on endothelial.NO production, PPAR-gamma ligands enhance endothelial.NO bioavailability, in part by altering endothelial O2-. metabolism through suppression of NADPH oxidase and induction of Cu/Zn-SOD. These findings further elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which PPAR-gamma ligands directly alter vascular endothelial function.
The runt gene participates in three developmental pathways : sex determination , segmentation and neurogenesis (

Runt domain proteins are a recently described family of transcriptional regulators with pivotal roles in several developmental pathways in Drosophila, mammals and Xenopus (for reviews see Speck and Stacy, 1996; Wang et al., 1996a; Daga et al., 1996; Ducy et al., 1997; Kramer et al., 1998; Tracey et al., 1998). The family members are defined by the Runt domain, a 128 amino acid region that mediates sequence-specific DNA binding (Ogawa et al., 1993a; Bae et al., 1994; Kagoshima et al., 1996). Significant insights on the functions of Runt domain proteins came from studies on a mammalian transcription factor referred to as polyomavirus enhancer-binding protein 2 (PEBP2) or as core binding factor (CBF) (Ogawa et al., 1993a; Wang and Speck, 1992). This transcription factor, referred to here as CBF, has important roles in leukemogenesis, hematopoiesis and osteogenesis (Tanaka et al., 1995; Miyoshi et al., 1995; Okuda et al., 1996; Wang et al., 1996a,b; Komori et al., 1997; Otto et al., 1997). It regulates the expression of genes specific to T-, B-, myeloid or osteoblast cell lineages through DNA binding (for reviews, see Speck and Stacy, 1996; Geoffroy et al., 1995; Ducy et al., 1997). Cloning of cDNAs for CBF revealed that it is a heteromeric complex comprised of two unrelated proteins (Ogawa et al., 1993b; Wang et al., 1993). The DNA-binding α subunit proteins are Runt-domain proteins while the β subunit is a novel protein. CBFβ does not bind to DNA, but instead interacts with the Runt domain to enhance DNA-binding affinity by an unknown mechanism (Ogawa et al., 1993b; Crute et al., 1996). Several lines of evidence indicate that CBFα and CBFβ proteins are likely to function together to regulate the growth and/or differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors in mammals. The human Runt domain gene AML1 is expressed in a number of lymphoid cell lines and is a frequent target for chromosomal translocations associated with acute myeloid leukemias (Miyoshi et al., 1993, 1995; de Greef et al., 1995). Interestingly, chromosomal rearrangement of the human Cbfb gene is also associated with a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (Liu et al., 1993; Claxton et al., 1994; Marlton et al., 1995). In this case the rearrangement is an inversion of chromosome 16, which results in a fusion protein containing 3313 Development 126, 3313-3322 (1999) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1999 DEV5319
PREVALENCE OF DISORDERED EATING ATTITUDES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN WUHU, CHINA.

OBJECTIVE the purpose of this study is to assess the current status of disordered eating attitudes and its related factors among University students in Anhui province, and to provide a basis for health intervention. METHODS this is a cross-sectional study. The University students admitted to the routine health exams were included in current study, and completed self-administered questionnaires which consist of general information and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). An EAT-26 score of 20 or higher indicated that a person has disordered eating attitudes. Data were analyzed using the SPSS13.0 software. RESULTS a total of 1 328 subjects (469 male and 859 female), aged 16-24 years from a university in Wuhu were enrolled in this study. In our survey, the proportion of disordered eating attitudes among male, female, total students were 5.3%, 4.0% and 4.5%, respectively. The proportion of disordered eating attitudes among the students whose family annual income < 10000 RMB, 10,000-30,000 RMB, 30,000-60,000 RMB and > 60,000 were 4.2%, 3.9%, 4.3% and 6.9%, respectively. An interesting finding was that the female students are more likely to have disordered eating attitudes if their parents have more education. CONCLUSIONS our research reveals that the current status of disordered eating attitudes in Anhui province is relatively low. Parents' education level may be related to eating attitudes among University students. It is essential to increase awareness and understanding of eating disorders and its associated risk factors in University students whose parents have higher education.
ADHESION AND FRICTION FORCE MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AND HIGH VACUUM CONDITIONS

Physical insight into the frictional behaviour of surfaces in contact with vacuum and other special environments is important for the accuracy of positioning mechanisms operating in these environments. The positioning accuracy and drift in these mechanisms are strongly infl uenced by the frictional behaviour of the mating materials. The cause for both drift and positioning accuracy is stick-to-slip and slip-to-stick transitions at asperity level, resulting in a displacement at macrolevel. Adhesion as well as friction experiments were performed for single asperity and multi-asperity contacts both in ambient and high vacuum conditions on a novel designed vacuum-based adhesion and friction tester. This paper discusses the experimental setup designed and manufactured to investigate the adhesion and friction behaviour of a single asperity contact. The intrinsic roughness of the ball and the fl at will form a multiasperity contact. Pull-off and friction force measurements can be performed with the resolution better than 5 μN. The maximum normal load that can be applied with this system is 100 mN. The setup is capable of working at 10 -6 mbar vacuum level as well as in ambient conditions. Experimental results show that the surrounding environment and roughness play an important role both in the adhesion force and friction force measurements. The friction force measurements show good agreement with the basic theories of contact mechanics.
Statistical Quadrature Evolution by Inference for Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution

We define the statistical quadrature evolution (QE) method for multicarrier continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). A multicarrier CVQKD protocol uses Gaussian subcarrier quantum continuous variables (CVs) for information transmission. The QE scheme utilizes the theory of mathematical statistics and statistical information processing. The QE model is based on the Gaussian quadrature inference (GQI) framework to provide a minimal error estimate of the CV state quadratures. The QE block evaluates a unique and stable estimation of the non-observable continuous input from the measurement results and through the statistical inference method yielded from the GQI framework. The QE method minimizes the overall expected error by an estimator function and provides a viable, easily implementable, and computationally efficient way to maximize the extractable information from the observed data. The QE framework can be established in an arbitrary CVQKD protocol and measurement setting and is implementable by standard low-complexity functions, which is particularly convenient for experimental CVQKD.
Cantilever bending technique for treatment of large and rigid scoliosis

目的 评估后路杠杆力矫正法(cantilever bending technique)治疗重度(Cobb角≥70°)及僵硬(柔韧性≤30%)的脊柱侧凸畸形的治疗效果及临床应用价值. 方法 回顾性研究采用杠杆力矫正法治疗的包括各种病因导致(包括先天性、特发性或神经肌肉性)的重度且僵硬的脊柱侧凸畸形患者41例. 依据患者随访的影像学资料、并发症发生情况及改良式脊柱侧凸研究学会(Modified SRS Outcomes Instrument)病患满意度问卷(SRS-24)评估临床效果及价值. 结果 脊柱侧凸的主弯(major curve)平均Cobb角为98°(75°～133°),柔韧性为18%(2%～27%),术后矫正率为67. 1%(51%～74%),手术前的冠状面失衡约2. 5 cm,术后为0. 8 cm,手术无任何严重并发症发生. 除了1例需要做前路松解术外,其余患者均采用后路杠杆力矫正法矫治即可达到满意的矫正结果. 无论脊柱侧凸畸形的病因是哪一种类型,均获得了满意的手术疗效. 结论 杠杆力矫正法用以治疗矫正任何病因的重度僵硬的脊柱侧凸畸形的临床应用价值在于省略了前路脊柱松解术,减少并发症发生率及提高患者的满意度。