Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinanten der Lehrmotivation von Hochschulprofessoren

Diese Dissertation zielt auf die Identifikation von externalen Determinanten der professoralen Lehrmotivation ab. Dazu werden eingangs zwei Motivationstheorien (Job Characteristics Model, Selbstbestimmungstheorie der Motivation) vorgestellt und auf Basis der Modellannahmen Bedingungen der professoralen Lehrmotivation abgeleitet. Daneben wird der Forschungsstand um die Untersuchungsfrage vorgestellt. Um den begrenzten empirischen Kenntnisstand zu erweitern und die Gultigkeit der theoretischen Annahmen einschatzen zu konnen, werden zwei Analysen durchgefuhrt. Zum einen wird mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse das Spektrum an Determinanten der professoralen Lehrmotivation sowie deren relative Bedeutsamkeit untersucht. Zum anderen wird die der Selbstbestimmungstheorie entnommene Annahme gepruft, dass eine durch die Studierenden erfahrene Unterstutzung von Autonomie, Kompetenz und sozialer Eingebundenheit positiv mit der intrinsischen und negativ mit der extrinsischen Lehrmotivation assoziiert ist. Auserdem wird die Hypothese gepruft, dass nur die intrinsische Lehrmotivation in positiver Relation zum Lehrengagement der Professoren steht. Datengrundlage beider Analysen sind Teilstichproben des „MogLI“ Projekts, in dessen Rahmen 261 Professoren an 20 Hochschulen befragt wurden. Die Ergebnisse der Inhaltsanalyse zeigen, dass die Lehrmotivation der Professoren in Wechselwirkung zu einem breiten Spektrum an sozialen, organisationalen und systemischen Umweltbedingungen steht, wobei die inhaltsanalytisch identifizierten Einflussgrosen immer nur von Teilen der Befragten als motivational bedeutsam angefuhrt wurden. Als Ergebnis der (multivariaten) Hypothesenprufung kann festgehalten werden, dass nur die studentischen Unterstutzungen von Autonomie und sozialer Eingebundenheit signifikant mit der Lehrmotivation assoziiert sind und das Lehrengagement der Professoren lediglich mit der intrinsischen Motivation zusammenhangt. Der Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit den Befunden anderer Untersuchungen zeigt, dass die im Zuge dieser Arbeit gewonnenen Befunde mit dem Forschungsstand harmonieren und diesen um einige bisher unbekannte Bedingungen der Lehrmotivation erweitern. Zudem kann festgehalten werden, dass einige, aber nicht alle der gewonnenen Befunde durch die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit herangezogenen Theorien erklart werden konnen. Auf Basis der identifizierten Einflussgrosen der professoralen Lehrmotivation werden abschliesend „Stellrader“ zur Intensivierung des professoralen Lehrengagements skizziert sowie Empfehlungen zur weiteren Erforschung des Untersuchungsgegenstandes gegeben.
Transfer Delay Analysis of WAP 2.0 for Short-Lived Flows

In this paper, an analytical framework for studying the transfer delay of wireless application protocol (WAP) 2.0 for short-lived flows is developed based on a two-state Markov chain that approximates both correlated and independent packet losses. For a given wireless link and protocol parameters, an explicit mathematical expression which yields a good estimate of the WAP 2.0 transfer delay is derived. The analytical results are validated by simulation. It is shown that for large file sizes (> 30 kB), WAP 2.0 is more sensitive to bursty packet losses than random packet losses. It is also shown that the transfer delay of WAP 2.0 can be improved by increasing the size of the initial window in a low-rate bursty error environment but degrades in a high-rate bursty error environment
Development of a hybrid scaffold with synthetic biomaterials and hydrogel using solid freeform fabrication technology

Natural biomaterials such as hyaluronic acid, gelatin and collagen provide excellent environments for tissue regeneration. Furthermore, gel-state natural biomaterials are advantageous for encapsulating cells and growth factors. In cell printing technology, hydrogel which contains cells was printed directly to form three-dimensional (3D) structures for tissue or organ regeneration using various types of printers. However, maintaining the 3D shape of the printed structure, which is made only of the hydrogel, is very difficult due to its weak mechanical properties. In this study, we developed a hybrid scaffold consisting of synthetic biomaterials and natural hydrogel using a multi-head deposition system, which is useful in solid freeform fabrication technology. The hydrogel was intentionally infused into the space between the lines of a synthetic biomaterial-based scaffold. The cellular efficacy of the hybrid scaffold was validated using rat primary hepatocytes and a mouse pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cell line. In addition, the collagen hydrogel, which encapsulates cells, was dispensed and the viability of the cells observed. We demonstrated superior effects of the hybrid scaffold on cell adhesion and proliferation and showed the high viability of dispensed cells.
Adhesion of an elastic plate to a sphere

Stationary principles and the von Kármán plate theory are used to study the adhesion of thin elastic plates to a rigid sphere. Contact requires both flexural and membrane strains that can lead to partial or complete delamination. Interestingly, whereas a large area plate might spontaneously delaminate from the sphere, dividing this plate into many smaller plates with equivalent thickness eliminates membrane strains and may allow complete contact. The theoretical predictions are compared to experimental results for low density polyethylene on a smooth glass sphere. The peel strength is estimated with a modified Kendall peel equation.
Genome Analysis Calcium Sensors and Their Interacting Protein Kinases : Genomics of the Arabidopsis and Rice CBL-CIPK Signaling Networks 1 [ w ]

Calcium signals mediate a multitude of plant responses to external stimuli and regulate a wide range of physiological processes. Calcium-binding proteins, like calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins, represent important relays in plant calcium signaling. These proteins form a complex network with their target kinases being the CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). Here, we present a comparative genomics analysis of the full complement of CBLs and CIPKs in Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa). We confirm the expression and transcript composition of the 10 CBLs and 25 CIPKs encoded in the Arabidopsis genome. Our identification of 10 CBLs and 30 CIPKs from rice indicates a similar complexity of this signaling network in both species. An analysis of the genomic evolution suggests that the extant number of gene family members largely results from segmental duplications. A phylogenetic comparison of protein sequences and intron positions indicates an early diversification of separate branches within both gene families. These branches may represent proteins with different functions. Protein interaction analyses and expression studies of closely related family members suggest that even recently duplicated representatives may fulfill different functions. This work provides a basis for a defined further functional dissection of this important plant-specific signaling system.
CGBoost: Conjugate Gradient in Function Space

The superior out-of-sample performance of AdaBoost has been attributed to the fact that it minimizes a cost function based on margin, in that it can be viewed as a special case of AnyBoost, an abstract gradient descent algorithm. In this paper, we provide a more sophisticated abstract boosting algorithm, CGBoost, based on conjugate gradient in function space. When the AdaBoost exponential cost function is optimized, CGBoost generally yields much lower cost and training error but higher test error, which implies that the exponential cost is vulnerable to overfitting. With the optimization power of CGBoost, we can adopt more "regularized" cost functions that have better out-of-sample performance but are difficult to optimize. Our experiments demonstrate that CGBoost generally outperforms AnyBoost in cost reduction. With suitable cost functions, CGBoost can have better out-of-sample performance.
Malaria Journal Comparison of Plasmodium Falciparum Allelic Frequency Distribution in Different Endemic Settings by High-resolution Genotyping

Background: The diversity of genotyping markers of Plasmodium falciparum depends on transmission intensity. It has been reported that the diversity of the merozoite surface protein 2 (msp2) is greater in areas of high compared to low endemicity, however, results for msp1 were inconsistent. These previous reports relied on low resolution genotyping techniques.
Intercellular Transfer and Supramolecular Organization of Human Leukocyte Antigen C at Inhibitory Natural Killer Cell Immune Synapses 〉

After accumulation of target cell human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C at inhibitory natural killer (NK) cell immune synapses, some HLA-C transfers from target cells to NK cell plasma membranes and cytoplasm. This unexpected intercellular transfer of HLA-C is dependent on NK receptor recognition, since HLA-Cw6 or -Cw4 but not -Cw3 transfer to an NK transfectant expressing killer Ig-like receptor (KIR)2DL1. Strikingly, live-cell time-lapse laser scanning confocal microscopy shows vesicles containing target cell green fluorescent protein–tagged HLA-C migrating away from immune synapses into NK cells. Unlike clustering of HLA-C at the immune synapse, intercellular transfer of HLA-C is dependent on NK cell ATP, but not target cell ATP. However, the intercellular transfer of HLA-C is not dependent on active polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, different arrangements of HLA-C are seen at inhibitory NK immune synapses, and these alter as NK synapses mature, but in a fashion distinct from that seen upon T cell activation.
COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

Even though the first publication in the area of fuzzy set theory (FST)—one of the ingredients of computational intelligence (CI)—appeared in 1965, the development of this theory for almost 20 years remained in the academic realm. Almost all basic concepts, theories, and methods were, however, developed during this period. Fuzzy control opened the gate to real applications for FST. Particularly in Japan, the applications of the fuzzy control principle in consumer goods made FST known in the public and made it commercially interesting for industry. This led to two developments: because the development of fuzzy applicational systems had to be efficient, fuzzy CASE tools and expert system shells were developed, making FST into fuzzy technology. The success in Japan could draw the attention of the media and started—first in Germany—the “fuzzy booms,” which led to an unprecedented growth in publications, university teaching, and other industrial applications in many countries. Around 1993, FST, neural nets, and evolutionary computing joined forces and were soon considered to be one area called soft computing, or CI. Applications in engineering as well as in management became very numerous. One of the areas in which CI is increasingly applied is environmental engineering, planning or science. The character of CI—particularly of FST—is described and real and potential applications of CI in this area are discussed.
Charting Self-Concept, Beliefs and Attitudes towards Mathematics among Mathematically Gifted Pupils with Learning Difficulties

The current study investigates how two groups of mathematically gifted pupils with learning difficulties (MG/LD) change/do not change their attitudes towards, and beliefs about, mathematics over five weeks during which they received two different instructional programs in mathematics. Thirty pupils (16 girls and 14 boys), aged 10 years to 11 years and 11 months, were identified as ‘mathematically gifted children with learning difficulties’ at three public primary schools in Amman, Jordan. Pupils were divided equally into two treatment groups: the first group (n = 15) received traditional mathematics instruction, while the second group (n = 15) received multi-sensory/enrichment mathematics instruction. The pupils in the two groups were matched according to the following criteria: school, grade, gender, IQ scores, mathematical abilities, levels of learning difficulty, and access to teaching resources. The Pupil Questionnaire of the Mathematics Attitude Scale for gifted and non-gifted children (Jarwan, 2001) was administered prior to and after instruction. The findings revealed that while positive changes occurred in the students' self-concept in mathematics in the multi-sensory/enrichment group, students' self-concept in the traditional group declined. Positive effects were noted from multi-sensory/enrichment treatment on students' beliefs about themselves in relation to mathematics; but negative effects resulting from traditional instruction. Exposure to a novel instruction, compared to traditional instruction, enabled pupils to enjoy mathematics and attribute their success to their own efforts rather than luck.
Decomposition of a Combined Inventory and Time Constrained Ship Routing Problem

In contrast to vehicle routing problems, little work has been done in ship routing and scheduling, although large benefits may be expected from improving this scheduling process. We will present a real ship planning problem, which is a combined inventory management problem anda routing problem with time windows. A fleet of ships transports a single product (ammonia) between production and consumption harbors. The quantities loaded and discharged are determined by the production rates of the harbors, possible stock levels, and the actual ship visiting the harbor. We describe the real problem and the underlying mathematical model. To decompose this model, we discuss some model adjustments. Then, the problem can be solved by a DantzigÂ Wolfe decomposition approach including both ship routing subproblems and inventory management subproblems. The overall problem is solved by branch-and-bound. Our computational results indicate that the proposed method works for the real planning problem.
Evaluating the ellipsoidal collision avoidance region for the future DAA systems

Collision Avoidance is considered as the final layer of safety to prevent mid-air collisions when all other avoidance measures have failed. These methods are gaining importance, in particular in recent years. The ultimate goal is to replace the already obsolete TCAS system, which is not included in the NextGen programme. Additionally, the dynamic UAS market in civil, commercial and military sectors forces development of solutions integrating such systems in the airspace. The steeply increasing numbers of manned and unmanned aerial operations requires safe methods of airspace sharing. This paper analyses ellipsoidal areas, which seem to be an interesting alternative to often proposed, spherical areas. They allow i.e. alarm generation areas to be smaller and the average time from an alarm to a collision to be extended. The proposed methods may be used in DAA (Detect and Avoid) systems which are a subject of standardisation work of various aviation institutions and organisations.
Comparative phylogeography of eight herbs and lianas (Marantaceae) in central African rainforests

Vegetation history in tropical Africa is still to date hardly known and the drivers of population differentiation and speciation processes are little documented. It has often been postulated that population fragmentations following climate changes have played a key role in shaping the geographic distribution patterns of genetic diversity and in driving speciation. Here we analyzed phylogeographic patterns (chloroplast-DNA sequences) within and between eight (sister) species of widespread rainforest herbs and lianas from four genera of Marantaceae (Halopegia, Haumania, Marantochloa, Megaphrynium), searching for concordant patterns across species and concordance with the Pleistocene refuge hypothesis. Using 1146 plastid DNA sequences sampled across African tropical lowland rainforest, particularly in the Lower Guinean (LG) phytogeographic region, we analyzed intra- and interspecific patterns of genetic diversity, endemism and distinctiveness. Intraspecific patterns of haplotype diversity were concordant among most species as well as with the species-level diversity pattern of Marantaceae. Highest values were found in the hilly areas of Cameroon and Gabon. However, the spatial distribution of endemic haplotypes, an indicator for refuge areas in general, was not congruent across species. Each proposed refuge exhibited high values of endemism for one or a few species indicating their potential role as area of retraction for the respective species only. Thus, evolutionary histories seem to be diverse across species. In fact, areas of high diversity might have been both refuge and/or crossing zone of recolonization routes i.e., secondary contact zone. We hypothesize that retraction of species into one or the other refuge happened by chance depending on the species' distribution range at the time of climate deterioration. The idiosyncratic patterns found in Marantaceae species are similar to those found among tropical tree species, especially in southern LG.
Pilot Precoding and Combining in Multiuser MIMO Networks

Although the benefits of precoding and combining data signals are widely recognized, the potential of these techniques for pilot transmission is not fully understood. This is particularly relevant for multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) cellular systems using millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications, where multiple antennas have to be used both at the transmitter and the receiver to overcome the severe path loss. In this paper, we characterize the gains of pilot precoding and combining in terms of channel estimation quality and achievable data rate. Specifically, we consider three uplink pilot transmission scenarios in an mmWave MU-MIMO cellular system: 1) non-precoded and uncombined; 2) precoded but uncombined; and 3) precoded and combined. We show that a simple precoder that utilizes only the second-order statistics of the channel reduces the variance of the channel estimation error by a factor that is proportional to the number of user equipment (UE) antennas. We also show that using a linear combiner design based on the second-order statistics of the channel significantly reduces multiuser interference and provides the possibility of reusing some pilots. Specifically, in the large antenna regime, pilot precoding and combining help to accommodate a large number of UEs in one cell, significantly improve channel estimation quality, boost the signal-to-noise ratio of the UEs located close to the cell edges, alleviate pilot contamination, and address the imbalanced coverage of pilot and data signals.
The Influence of Low-Intensity Laser Therapy on Bone Healing

Objective: Low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) is defined to supply direct biostimulative light energy to the cells. While several studies have demonstrated that LILT has stimulating effects on bone cells and can accelerate the repair process of the bone, others reported delayed fracture healing or no effects after LILT. The aim of this article was to review the studies evaluating the biomodulation effects of LILT on bone-derived stem cells. Materials and Methods: To access relevant articles, searching in three electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct was conducted until April 2012. The key words used were low-level laser, low-intensity laser, low-power laser therapy, stem cell, bone marrow stem cell, bone and osteoblast. The articles that met the eligibility criteria were included in this review of literature. Results: Twenty-five relevant articles (13 in vitro and 12 animal studies) were included. Eleven in vitro studies showed positive results with regard to acceleration of cell proliferation and differentiation. All animal studies showed improved bone healing in sites irradiated with low-intensity laser. Conclusion: Based on the results of the reviewed articles, low intensity laser therapy can accelerate bone healing in extraction sites, bone fracture defects and distraction osteogenesis, provided proper parameters were applied.
Automated Content Scoring of Spoken Responses in an Assessment for Teachers of English

This paper presents and evaluates approaches to automatically score the content correctness of spoken responses in a new language test for teachers of English as a foreign language who are non-native speakers of English. Most existing tests of English spoken proficiency elicit responses that are either very constrained (e.g., reading a passage aloud) or are of a predominantly spontaneous nature (e.g., stating an opinion on an issue). However, the assessment discussed in this paper focuses on essential speaking skills that English teachers need in order to be effective communicators in their classrooms and elicits mostly responses that fall in between these extremes and are moderately predictable. In order to automatically score the content accuracy of these spoken responses, we propose three categories of robust features, inspired from flexible text matching, n-grams, as well as string edit distance metrics. The experimental results indicate that even based on speech recognizer output, most of the feature correlations with human expert rater scores are in the range of r = 0.4 to r = 0.5, and further, that a scoring model for predicting human rater proficiency scores that includes our content features can significantly outperform a baseline without these features (r = 0.56 vs. r = 0.33).
Maximum lifetime broadcasting in wireless networks

We consider the problem of broadcasting messages in a wireless energy-limited network so as to maximize network lifetime. An O(e log e) algorithm to construct a broadcast tree that maximizes the critical energy of the network following the broadcast is developed. Additionally, we propose two new greedy heuristics to construct minimum energy broadcast trees. We show how our maximum critical energy algorithm may be coupled with our proposed greedy heuristics as well as with the greedy heuristics proposed for the construction of minimum energy broadcast trees. Extensive simulations performed by us show that this coupling improves network lifetime significantly (between 48.3 percent and 328.9 percent) when compared with network lifetime using the base greedy heuristics in isolation.