Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soil concentrations and soil–atmosphere exchange of alkylamines in a boreal Scots pine forest

Abstract. Alkylamines are important precursors in secondary aerosol formation in the boreal forest atmosphere. To better understand the behavior and sources of two alkylamines, dimethylamine (DMA) and diethylamine (DEA), we estimated the magnitudes of soil–atmosphere fluxes of DMA and DEA using a gradient-diffusion approximation based on measured concentrations in soil solution and in the canopy air space. The ambient air concentration of DMA used in this study was a sum of DMA and ethylamine. To compute the amine fluxes, we first estimated the soil air space concentration from the measured soil solution amine concentration using soil physical (temperature, soil water content) and chemical (pH) state variables. Then, we used the resistance analogy to account for gas transport mechanisms in the soil, soil boundary layer, and canopy air space. The resulting flux estimates revealed that the boreal forest soil with a typical long-term mean pH 5.3 is a possible source of DMA (170 ± 51 nmol m−2 day−1) and a sink of DEA (−1.2 ± 1.2 nmol m−2 day−1). We also investigated the potential role of fungi as a reservoir for alkylamines in boreal forest soil. We found high DMA and DEA concentrations both in fungal hyphae collected from field humus samples and in fungal pure cultures. The highest DMA and DEA concentrations were found in fungal strains belonging to decay and ectomycorrhizal fungal groups, indicating that boreal forest soil and, in particular, fungal biomass may be important reservoirs for these alkylamines.
In-stack monitoring of signal and power nodes in three dimensional integrated circuits

An on-chip waveform monitoring technique embodies in-stack evaluation of three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D IC) regarding physical connections using through silicon vias (TSV) and electronic characteristics of signal transmission as well as noise propagation. On-chip generation of reference voltage steps and sampling timings reduces the complexity of analog signal routing in a chip stack and enhances measurement throughputs. The demonstrated 7.6 effective bit resolution with a 5.8 times higher throughput is suitable for in-stack monitoring. Sinusoidal signal transmission in a two-tier 3D IC is on-chip evaluated.
Short‐ and long‐term exposure to alternating magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects rat pituitary ACTH cells: Stereological study

The aim of the present study was to determine does extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF‐MF, 50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affect pituitary adrenocorticotroph (ACTH) cells in adult animals. We performed two series of experiments: (1) short‐term exposure of 3‐month‐old rats to ELF‐MF for 1 and 7 days, and (2) long‐term exposure of rats to ELF‐MF from their conception to 3 months of age. Stereological study was performed on immunolabeled pituitary ACTH cells. The total number and volume of ACTH cells, the volume of their nuclei and pituitary volume were measured. ELF‐MF exposure for 1 day significantly decreased total number and volume of ACTH cells, the volume of their nuclei, as well as pituitary volume. ELF‐MF exposure for 7 days significantly reduced only the volume of ACTH cells. Life‐long exposure to ELF‐MF induced decrease in the volume of ACTH cells and pituitary volume. We can conclude that the applied ELF‐MF has a strong influence on morphometrical parameters of the pituitary ACTH cells and could be considered as a stressogenic factor. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 461–468, 2016.
Mitotane (o, p‘‐DDD) treatment in a cat with hyperadrenocorticism

An 11‐year‐old male castrated Persian cat with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism was presented. Both adrenals were grossly enlarged and calcified. A diagnosis of pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism was made. Signs of hyperadrenocorticism resolved with long‐term mitotane treatment. Concurrent diabetes mellitus resolved after 220 days of therapy. No severe adverse drug reactions were noted.
Oligonucleotide-Gold Nanoparticle Networks for Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum Heat Shock Protein 70 mRNA

ABSTRACT We report on a novel strategy for the detection of mRNA targets derived from Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by the use of oligonucleotide-gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles are functionalized with oligonucleotides which are complementary to unique sequences present on the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) DNA/RNA target. The results indicate that the presence of HPS70 targets of increasing complexity causes the formation of oligonucleotide-gold nanoparticle networks which can be visually monitored via a simple colorimetric readout measured by a total internal reflection imaging setup. Furthermore, the induced expression of HSP70 mRNA in Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts via a simple heat shock process provides nonenzymatic amplification such that the HSP70 mRNA derived from as few as 5 × 103 purified C. parvum oocysts was successfully detected. Taken together, these results support the use of oligonucleotide-gold nanoparticles for the molecular diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis, offering new opportunities for the further development of point-of-care diagnostic assays with low-cost, robust reagents and simple colorimetric detection.
Selection of a representative set of structures from brookhaven protein data bank

Reliable structural and statistical analyses of three dimensional protein structures should be based on unbiased data. The Protein Data Bank is highly redundant, containing several entries for identical or very similar sequences. A technique was developed for clustering the known structures based on their sequences and contents of α‐and β‐structures. First, sequences were aligned pairwise. A representative sample of sequences was then obtained by grouping similar sequences together, and selecting a typical representative from each group. The similarity significance threshold needed in the clustering method was found by analyzing similarities of random sequences. Because three dimensional structures for proteins of same structural class are generally more conserved than their sequences, the proteins were clustered also according to their contents of secondary structural elements. The results of these clusterings indicate conservation of α‐and β‐structures even when sequence similarity is relatively low.
Digital multicarrier-transmission of audio signals over mobile radio channels

This paper presents a systematic overview over different concepts of multicarrier-trans-mission under the specific aspect of mobile radio transmission. It will be shown that under realistic multipath channel conditions the postulation of ideal bandwidth efficiency has to be given up. As a consequence sub-optimum multicarrier concepts are regarded and mutually compared under the aspects of intersymbol interference and adjacent channel interference. A specific impuls shaping concept based on time and frequency concentrated impulses (Gaussian shaping) turns out as an appropriate solution since hereby the adjacent channel interference can be largely suppressed at the expense of a small increase in intersymbol inference. The performance of the different multicarrier concepts is illustrated by various simulation results under mobile radio channel conditions.
Long-term monitoring of apparent latency in PREEMPT RT Linux real-time systems

The real-time wakeup latency tracer (wakeup rt) in conjunction with the wakeup latency histogram (CONFIG WAKEUP LATENCY HIST) is part of the Linux kernel trace subsystem. It monitors processes that have the highest priority of the system throughout their entire wakeup processing and do not share this priority with any other concurrently running or scheduled process. Thus, this tracer should be able to continuously monitor a system’s worst-case latency. However, in a situation where interrupts are disabled, the timer interrupt to enqueue a process is already late, but the latency between enqueuing and wakeup still may be normal. In this case, an erroneously low latency would be recorded. To overcome this limitation and to create a true recording of the apparent latency of every single wakeup procedure, an additional tracer was implemented. This tracer determines the oﬀset between the intended timeout and the real timeout of the timer interrupts; the CONFIG MISSED TIMER OFFSETS HIST conﬁguration item is used to enable this tracer. When implementing the two tracers, care was taken to minimize the introduced performance penalty. The combination of the real-time wakeup latency tracer with the timer oﬀset tracer allows to continuously monitor a real-time system during its entire life-time in such a way that every single violation of the scheduling deadline would be registered. This makes it possible to ensure real-time capabilities even in systems where path analysis is no longer feasible.
Large‐scale computational models of liver metabolism: How far from the clinics?

Understanding the dynamics of human liver metabolism is fundamental for effective diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. This knowledge can be obtained with systems biology/medicine approaches that account for the complexity of hepatic responses and their systemic consequences in other organs. Computational modeling can reveal hidden principles of the system by classification of individual components, analyzing their interactions and simulating the effects that are difficult to investigate experimentally. Herein, we review the state‐of‐the‐art computational models that describe liver dynamics from metabolic, gene regulatory, and signal transduction perspectives. We focus especially on large‐scale liver models described either by genome scale metabolic networks or an object‐oriented approach. We also discuss the benefits and limitations of each modeling approach and their value for clinical applications in diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of liver diseases as well as precision medicine in hepatology. (Hepatology 2017;66:1323‐1334).
Judgments of origin and generation effects: comparisons between young and elderly adults.

In 2 experiments, young and elderly adults were required to both read words, and generate words by completing word fragments. Subjects were then required to recognize those words that had been presented earlier; for those words that they recognized they judged whether the items had initially been presented in read or generate form. Generation effects (better memory for words that were generated as compared with words that were read) of similar magnitude were observed for both young and older adults. The older adults were consistently less accurate than the younger adults in their judgments of origin. In addition, the young adults exhibited a bias to respond "read" for these judgments. In contrast, the older adults either exhibited a neutral response bias or were biased to respond "generate. " Age-related differences in the encoding or retrieval of information about cognitive operations do not provide a good account of the results. Alternative accounts are described.
Does a specific dental amalgam syndrome exist? A comparative study

Objective. The aim of this article was to investigate whether there is evidence for a specific syndrome of health problems attributed to dental amalgam. Material and methods. A secondary and retrospective analysis of two different databases was performed: (a) 90 patients (47% female, mean (SD) age 34 (6) years) of a clinical trial to remove amalgam fillings who attribute their health complaints to dental amalgam, and (b) 116 patients (62% female, mean (SD) age 37 (8) years) from an outpatient unit for environmental medicine who attribute their symptoms to environmental sources other than amalgam. Results. The samples differed in age, sex, and educational level. No statistically significant differences between either of the groups were found in overall psychological distress, intensity of the symptoms, or in numbers of self-reported symptoms in the Symptom Check List after controlling for age, sex, and education (Mean Global Severity Index 0.62 versus 0.63). Patients from the amalgam group showed mean values for private and public self-consciousness similar to the population norm, while patients from the comparison group had statistically significantly decreased mean values. While the amalgam group more frequently reported mental symptoms, patients from the comparison group had a higher prevalence of somatic symptoms. Conclusions. The results showed some differences in symptomatology, while general psychological distress was similar in both groups, indicating no strong evidence for an amalgam-specific syndrome.
CLASSIFICATION NON SUPERVISÉE POUR LA SURVEILLANCE D'UN SYSTÈME AUTOMATIQUE

RESUME : L’accroissement incessant de la complexite des systemes automatiques a fait en sorte que la tâche de la surveillance devienne de plus en plus moins aisee. De ce fait, les systemes peuvent fonctionner en plusieurs modes. Certains de ces modes correspondent a un fonctionnement normal et d’autres representent des modes defaillants. En outre, nous pouvons confronter a des modes inconnus qui n’ont jamais ete observes sur le systeme auparavant (modes imprevisibles). A la vue de ces difficultes, dans cet article, nous nous interessons a la surveillance des systemes automatiques ou nous proposons une strategie de suivi des systemes fondee sur les techniques de la classification de donnees. Elle s’initialise pour construire une bibliotheque dynamique de modeles en exploitant un algorithme dedie a la classification non supervisee. La strategie se poursuit par une classification en ligne des donnees qui se presentent sequentiellement en exploitant une certaine mesure de coherence, se referant a la bibliotheque preparee auparavant. Un systeme de regulation de niveau d’eau forme de trois reservoirs communicants a ete l’objet de notre application afin de valider la strategie adoptee.
Oropharyngectomy without mandibulotomy in advanced stage (T3–T4) oropharyngeal cancer

Conclusions. The postoperative course was excellent for this type of surgery, and the functional recovery was comparable to that obtained with much more laborious techniques. Objectives. To compare the advantages and disadvantages of the described technique and oropharyngectomy with labial mandibulotomy. Patients and methods. A total of 46 patients underwent surgery by means of an oropharyngectomy without mandibulotomy. The pharynx was reconstructed using a plasty made of four regional flaps. Results. In addition to obvious esthetic benefits, complications of the osteotomy were absent and surgical time was reduced. Some patients undergoing pull-through oropharyngectomy also underwent a marginal mandibulectomy, markedly reducing the frequency of radionecrosis compared with other statistics of techniques using mandibulotomy.
From type-2 fuzzy rate-based neural networks to social networks' behaviors

the booming environment of social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram is expanding more and more instantly. These rapid changes increase the complexity of these networks simultaneously. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to model some complex behaviors of social networks, including “attention inversion”. The model consists of an embedded type-2 fuzzy inference system in collaboration with rate-based neural networks. Finally, an experiment is performed on some selected Twitter hashtags to represent the performance of the model.
Advances in Brief A New Role of Protein Phosphatase 2 A in Adenoviral E 1 A Protein-Mediated Sensitization to Anticancer Drug-Induced Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells

The adenoviral type 5 E1A protein has been shown to induce sensitization to different categories of anticancer drug-induced apoptosis, partly by down-regulation of the activity of a critical oncogenic kinase Akt in both normal fibroblasts and epithelial breast cancer cells. Currently, the adenoviral E1A gene is being tested as an antitumor gene in multiple clinical trials. However, molecular mechanisms underlying E1A-mediated chemosensitization and down-regulation of Akt activity are still not completely defined. Here, we show that E1A by up-regulation of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A [PP2A (PP2A/C)] enhanced the activity of PP2A, which results in repression of Akt activation in E1A-expressing cells. In addition, activation of PP2A/C is required for E1A-mediated sensitization to drug-induced apoptosis, because blocking PP2A/C expression using a specific small interfering RNA against PP2A/C reduced drug sensitivity in E1A-expressing cells. Deletion mutation of the conserved domain of E1A, which is required for E1A-mediated sensitization to drug-induced apoptosis, also abolished the ability of E1A to up-regulate PP2A/C. Thus, the up-regulation of PP2A may represent a novel mechanism for E1A-mediated sensitization to anticancer drug-induced apoptosis.
Frequency-domain performance analysis of distributed-parameter systems under periodic sampled-data feedback control

The stability and performance of distributed-parameter systems operating under periodic sampled-data feedback control is studied via integral-quadratic constraint (IQC) based analysis. Sufficient frequency-domain conditions are derived for verifying a specified bound on the L2-gain of the feedback interconnection of a plant with (irrational) Callier-Desoer class transfer function and a feedback controller obtained via the periodic sample-and-hold discretization of a finitedimensional LTI controller. The analysis is underpinned by a time-varying delay model of the sample-and-hold operation and IQC characterizations of a related system. An illustrative numerial example involving the control of a linear system of hyperbolic conservation laws is presented.
Insertion and truncation of c-myb by murine leukemia virus in a myeloid cell line derived from cultures of normal hematopoietic cells

A retroviral insertion into the c-myb gene, which resulted in a 3' truncation, was found in an in vitro-derived myeloid cell line. The retroviral insertion occurred at precisely the same nucleotide at which another murine leukemia virus insertion occurred in an in vivo-induced myeloid leukemia. These findings suggest that comparable events may be required for the derivation of myeloid cell lines in vitro and for induction of myeloid leukemia in vivo.
The role of lexical knowledge and stress cues in segmentation in second language learners of English

This study compared the use of lexical knowledge and stress cues in segmentation by Mandarin second language (L2) of English. Previous research has shown that native English speakers reliably use lexical cues but not stress cues. However, L2 learners may have difficulty using lexical knowledge in segmentation due to their limited vocabulary size. Instead, Mandarin L2 learners may rely on stress cues since Mandarin and English are similar in terms of their stress patterns. Using a cross-modal priming task, results showed that both the native listeners and L2 learners responded faster to initial-stressed target words than final-stressed target words, showing evidence to the use of stress cues in segmentation. No evidence of the use of lexical knowledge was found. It appears that there is cross-linguistic influence of the use of stress cues in segmentation by L2 learners.
A Mesoscale Analysis of Southern Plains Severe Convection on May 9 , 2006

Two groups of severe convection in Oklahoma and Texas on May 9, 2006 are analyzed from the perspective of various data sources. The environment surrounding a group of discrete, supercellular convection in the Texas panhandle is contrasted with the one surrounding more linear convection in eastern Oklahoma. In both cases, forcing for convective initiation is found to be dominated by mesoscale boundaries in a region of relatively weak synoptic ascent; however, significant mesoscale differences between eastern Oklahoma and the Texas panhandle explain the majority of the observed differences in storm behavior in each area. Radar data demonstrates the importance of convective mode in determining type of severe weather produced, with discrete supercells favoring hail and tornadoes while the linear convection produces primarily high wind. Finally, a high resolution simulation of the event is performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The results of this model run are first compared to observations before being used to aid in diagnosing the event.
How to do inspections when there is no time

The concepts of inspection are presented, organized around the three Ms of inspection (Management, Mechanics and Metrics). Fundamentally, inspection provides a way of observing and quantifying software processes while improving software quality. It can be used as a statistical quality control technique for software production. The tutorial addresses variations in inspection processes and techniques, and presents recent research results that investigate which variations are more effective than others. This is done with recognition of the need to adapt inspection approaches to fit local circumstances.
Field testing the influence of sperm competition based on sperm mobility in breeder turkey toms

1. Commercial reproduction of turkeys relies on pooling of semen from multiple males for inseminations. Understanding how sperm characteristics influence paternity under commercial breeding conditions is important to improving production efficiency. 2. The objective of this study was to evaluate progeny production of individual toms following commercial practices of pooling semen to determine if sperm mobility influences progeny production in field conditions. 3. A total of 104 toms were evaluated for sperm mobility. A subset of 10 toms were housed together and semen was collected, pooled and used to inseminate hens (n = 28). Hens were inseminated at 30 weeks of age and weekly thereafter. 4. Ejaculates from each tom were evaluated on two separate days for sperm mobility. Semen from each tom was diluted and layered upon 6% (wt/vol) Accudenz® solution. The sperm suspension was incubated at 41°C for 5 min and absorbance was measured with a spectrophotometer. 5. Toms were ranked by absorbance and categorised as high or low if mobility score was ±1 SD from the flock mean (average). 6. For parentage determination, DNA was extracted from tom, hen and poult blood. Poult parentage (n = 276) was determined at one day of age or at 14 weeks by analysis of marker genotypes that were generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA with selected microsatellite markers. 7. Sperm mobility differed across males with absorbance values ranging from 0·147 to 0·366. 8. Findings demonstrate differences in poult production among individual toms when semen from multiple males was pooled and inseminated. Toms classified as high, average and low produced 55, 41 and 4% of the offspring, respectively. 9. It appears that sperm mobility is a trait that influences sperm competition among toms under field conditions where sperm numbers inseminated from individual toms are not controlled or constant and that toms with low sperm mobility produce few offspring.
Elastic image deformation using adaptive support radial basic function

This paper presents an adaptive elastic deformation method, which decrease the bending energy and limit deformation regions at the same time. A new compact support radial basis function (CSTFP) is used to perform local elastic deformation. The optimal support radius of CSTPF is analyzed based on the distance between landmarks in theory. The interpolation function using CSTPF is controlled automatically by the space distribution of landmarks correspondingly. An importance property of our method is that the locality of deformation can be constrained by the space distribution of landmarks, which performs global deformation when landmarks locating sparsely and performs local deformation when landmarks locating densely. Experiments for medical images demonstrated advantages of our method.