Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of heart rate on the heart rate variability response to autonomic interventions

Heart rate variability (HRV), the beat-to-beat variation in either heart rate (HR) or heart period (R-R interval), has become a popular clinical and investigational tool to quantify cardiac autonomic regulation. However, it is not widely appreciated that, due to the inverse curvilinear relationship between HR and R-R interval, HR per se can profoundly influence HRV. It is, therefore, critical to correct HRV for the prevailing HR particularly, as HR changes in response to autonomic neural activation or inhibition. The present study evaluated the effects of HR on the HRV response to autonomic interventions that either increased (submaximal exercise, n = 25 or baroreceptor reflex activation, n = 20) or reduced (pharmacological blockade: β-adrenergic receptor, muscarinic receptor antagonists alone and in combination, n = 25, or bilateral cervical vagotomy, n = 9) autonomic neural activity in a canine model. Both total (RR interval standard deviation, RRSD) and the high frequency (HF) variability (HF, 0.24–1.04 Hz) were determined before and in response to an autonomic intervention. All interventions that reduced or abolished cardiac parasympathetic regulation provoked large reductions in HRV even after HR correction [division by mean RRsec or (mean RRsec)2 for RRSD and HF, respectively] while interventions that reduced HR yielded mixed results. β-adrenergic receptor blockade reduced HRV (RRSD but not HF) while both RRSD and HF increased in response to increases in arterial blood (baroreceptor reflex activation) even after HR correction. These data suggest that the physiological basis for HRV is revealed after correction for prevailing HR and, further, that cardiac parasympathetic activity is responsible for a major portion of the HRV in the dog.
Productive infection of normal CD40‐activated human B lymphocytes by HIV‐1

ObjectiveAntigen-driven B-cell proliferation and maturation occur in germinal centers present in lymphoid tissues. This process is highly dependent on functional interactions between B and T lymphocytes. In vitro activation of CD40 present on B cells mimics B cell-T cell interactions and allows the proliferation of normal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative B lymphocytes. In HIV-1-seropositive individuals, B cells become exposed to free viral particles and to infected T lymphocytes while migrating through germinal centers. The effect of HIV-1 viral exposure on CD40-activated B lymphocytes was therefore examined. MethodsFreshly isolated B lymphocytes were cultured in vitro through activation of CD40. B-cell proliferation, HIV-1 infectivity and viral production were monitored following B-lymphocyte exposure to HIV-1. In addition, HIV-mediated fusion between infected B cells and uninfected CD4+ T lymphocytes was assessed in a co culture assay. ResultsEBV-negative, CD40-activated human B lymphocytes were directly infected by HIV-1. The infection significantly reduced their proliferation rate. Viral production was detected in B-cell culture supernatant. Numerous fusion events indicated that HIV-1 infection of B lymphocytes could spread to T lymphocytes following HIV-1-mediated fusion of these two cell types. ConclusionIn view of the importance of B cell-T cell interactions in the maintenance of a functional immune system, disruption of B-lymphocyte development could have direct implications on the course of AIDS progression.
A Qualitative Examination of Client Participation in Agency-Initiated Services

Decisions of nonvoluntary clients regarding whether to accept or decline agency-initiated social services were examined in this exploratory study. A qualitative research approach was used to collect and analyze data from 20 potential participants in an early-intervention program for high-risk (child abuse) families. Each was queried as to their decision-making rationale when confronted with an offer of services. Five themes across the participant decision-making category emerged: need, fit, efficacy, cost/benefit, and choice. Practice implications are discussed, with an emphasis on the importance of seeking and respecting clients' perspectives in the offer of service delivery.
The importance of indirect teaching behaviour and its educational effects in physical education

Background: Physical education teacher behaviour has been a subject of study in physical education including physical education teacher education for 30 years. However, the research on teacher behaviour has tended to focus on direct teaching behaviour (DTB) to demonstrate the benefits of effective teaching, centred on a technical understanding of the process of teacher behaviour. A holistic approach for teaching behaviour is needed in order to give students educational experiences. Aims: Drawing on the studies of implicit ways of teaching, the aim of this paper is to provide a new approach of researching teacher behaviour in order to understand the social and moral assumptions and to promote students' motivation to engage in physical activities that are embedded in the act of teaching in physical education through the identification of indirect teaching behaviour (ITB). Method: An ethnographically informed case study based on participant observation (eight months) was employed. The researcher observed students in two 8th-grade (13 years old) co-ed physical education classes in South Korea. Participant observation was supported by participant observer field notes, audio/video recordings of classes, questionnaires, and interviews. Findings: Through inductive analysis of the data, the multiple ITBs were identified including tone of voice and intonation, humour, facial expressions and gestures, dress code and setting an example, touch, encouragement, and care. ITB had a powerful influence on students' social and moral development in terms of reflecting on themselves by the teacher's positive modelling, cooperating with other friends and learning the intrinsic value of physical activities and sports. ITB was also found to impact the student's perceptions of physical education and their physical education teachers, which seems to encourage them to learn more about the lesson. Conclusions: An understanding of ITB will help broaden the perspectives on teaching methods used and studies conducted in physical education beyond the dominant approach of DTBs. Teachers need to reflect upon their behaviour in the physical education class, even if their teaching behaviours are regarded as trivial. Furthermore, the understanding of ITB can also play a pivotal role in encouraging pupils to enjoy the intrinsic value of physical education centred on moral values, and fostering a passion for physical activity that extends into participation for life. In this sense, this insight suggests that researchers re-examine the power of ITB in relation to teachers' professional competence. Teacher educators need to intentionally cultivate the character of teacher candidates in their professional preparation phase in addition to ITB-related studies in physical education.
Mutant din‐21, a variant of polyoma virus containing a mouse DNA sequence in the viral genome.

An unusual non‐defective mutant of polyoma virus with an anomalously large genome, designated din‐21, has been isolated. The viral chromosome lacks 49 base pairs of the putative control region between the origin of replication and the initiation codon for the early proteins, the T‐antigens. In their stead, 95 base pairs, with limited homology to the deleted sequence and apparently of mouse origin, have been inserted. The primary sequence of the insert DNA has been determined and some of the biological properties of the mutant examined. It transforms rat‐1 cells slightly better than wild‐type virus and grows slightly less well in lytically infected mouse cells. It does not interfere with the growth of wild‐type polyoma virus. The properties of this mutant suggest that it is a natural isolate of mouse cells. The mutant was presumably generated by reciprocal recombination between polyoma DNA and mouse host DNA. This could be associated with the integration of a viral DNA sequence into the host chromosome during the viral replicative cycle.
Nonheme oxo-iron(IV) intermediates form an oxyl radical upon approaching the C–H bond activation transition state

Oxo-iron(IV) species are implicated as key intermediates in the catalytic cycles of heme and nonheme oxygen activating iron enzymes that selectively functionalize aliphatic C–H bonds. Ferryl complexes can exist in either quintet or triplet ground states. Density functional theory calculations predict that the quintet oxo-iron(IV) species is more reactive toward C–H bond activation than its corresponding triplet partner, however; the available experimental data on model complexes suggests that both spin multiplicities display comparable reactivities. To clarify this ambiguity, a detailed electronic structure analysis of alkane hydroxylation by an oxo-iron(IV) species on different spin-state potential energy surfaces is performed. According to our results, the lengthening of the Fe–oxo bond in ferryl reactants, which is the part of the reaction coordinate for H-atom abstraction, leads to the formation of oxyl-iron(III) species that then perform actual C–H bond activation. The differential reactivity stems from the fact that the two spin states have different requirements for the optimal angle at which the substrate should approach the (FeO)2+ core because distinct electron acceptor orbitals are employed on the two surfaces. The H-atom abstraction on the quintet surface favors the “σ-pathway” that requires an essentially linear attack; by contrast a “π-channel” is operative on the triplet surface that leads to an ideal attack angle near 90°. However, the latter is not possible due to steric crowding; thus, the attenuated orbital interaction and the unavoidably increased Pauli repulsion result in the lower reactivity of the triplet oxo-iron(IV) complexes.
Glare Reduction Using 4 D Ray Sampling

For this project, I set out to reproduce the work done by Raskar et al. [6] back in 2008, only with a light field camera instead of a standard camera with pinhole array mask. I was able to replicate the basic method described in the original paper and went beyond this simple algorithm to explore some of the trade space in ray sampling. I looked at the effects of determining outliers using different color spaces as well as different percentages of rays per spatial tile (aka microlens). To evaluate these, I look at the color in the final images as well as relative luminance. I also present some statistical analysis of the ray space at each microlens and discuss how these methods could be used to develop a more sophisticated algorithm in the future.
O desgaste profissional: estudo empírico com enfermeiras que trabalham em hospitais

This is a empirical approach about professional fatigue of the hospital nurse. The fatigue concept was based on the Burnout Syndrome and some hospital variables associated. The sample consisted of 341 nurses of whon demographic data is awaible. Results of the application of the psychometric analisys of Burnout Inventory, as well as statistic correlation between the three scales and demographic data are presented. Considerable presence of emotional exhaustion and cognitive weariness as a consequence of the working atmosphere in the hospital critical sectors and the nursing chief responsability were found.
Tense and Aspect Error Correction for ESL Learners Using Global Context

As the number of learners of English is constantly growing, automatic error correction of ESL learners' writing is an increasingly active area of research. However, most research has mainly focused on errors concerning articles and prepositions even though tense/aspect errors are also important. One of the main reasons why tense/aspect error correction is difficult is that the choice of tense/aspect is highly dependent on global context. Previous research on grammatical error correction typically uses pointwise prediction that performs classification on each word independently, and thus fails to capture the information of neighboring labels. In order to take global information into account, we regard the task as sequence labeling: each verb phrase in a document is labeled with tense/aspect depending on surrounding labels. Our experiments show that the global context makes a moderate contribution to tense/aspect error correction.
Cognitive and Noncognitive Predictors of Academic Performance for College Students with Learning Disabilities

Title of Dissertation: COGNITIVE AND NONCOGNITIVE PREDICTORS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES Melissa Delores Scarfone, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Directed by: Dr. William O. Strein, Associate Professor Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education The purpose of this study was to investigate if there are differences in how cognitive and noncognitive variables predict academic performance for college students with learning disabilities. In particular, this study examined the extent to which the cognitive variables of high school grade point average and SAT (combined verbal and math) or ACT score as well as noncognitive variables, contribute to cumulative college grade point average at the end of students’ freshman, sophomore, and junior years of college. Participants were 88 college students with learning disabilities at a large, public university and a private, mid-sized, university located in the mid-Atlantic area of the United States. Using Sedlacek’s (2004) Noncognitive Assessment method as a conceptual framework for this study, participants completed the Noncognitive Questionnaire (NCQ), an instrument that was developed to assess eight noncognitive
Counselling Sexual-Violence Survivors: The Evolution of Female Counsellors’ Critical Political Consciousness and the Effects on Their Intimate Relationships

This social constructivist/constructionist research explores changes in female therapists’ intimate relationships after they began working with survivors of female sexual violence. Discourse analysis found that working with survivors shifted participants’ initially naive understanding of female sexual violence, as they developed a critical political consciousness of sexual violence in the process. Transformative learning theory is used to describe this process. As participants’ new consciousness developed, aspects of cognitive, emotional, and behavioural intimacy within their intimate relationships were affected. To better prepare therapists for working with survivors of female sexual violence, greater attention to counselling-training curricula is recommended.
Bringing Regulatory Agencies Into Organizational Studies

The management literature has typically taken a relatively narrow view when considering the relationships between firms and state actors by conceptualizing regulatory agencies simply as a source of external pressure for firms. The literature has, accordingly, tended to emphasize the strategies that firms adopt in efforts to influence and control public policy. The authors argue that future research needs to go beyond the traditional understanding of the firm–regulator relationship and should instead focus more attention on other sources of influence on regulator behavior. Specifically, further research is needed that focuses on other external sources of influence, such as the media and public opinion, as well as research that helps identify how issues within the regulatory body itself, such as intraorganizational politics and leadership turnover, affect agency behavior. In this essay, the authors examine the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) Office of Defects Investigation’s (ODI) actions regarding unwanted acceleration in Toyota vehicles in an effort to illustrate the dramatic influence that external events, public activism, and political power shifts have in influencing regulatory behavior. The results of this analysis support the notion that the role of firms in the regulatory process has been somewhat overstated and that future research examining the state would benefit from focusing on additional internal and external issues that may influence government agency action.
Singular Value Decomposition-based Robust Cubature Kalman Filtering for an Integrated GPS/SINS Navigation System

A new nonlinear robust filter is proposed in this paper to deal with the outliers of an integrated Global Positioning System/Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (GPS/SINS) navigation system. The influence of different design parameters for an H∞ cubature Kalman filter is analysed. It is found that when the design parameter is small, the robustness of the filter is stronger. However, the design parameter is easily out of step in the Riccati equation and the filter easily diverges. In this respect, a singular value decomposition algorithm is employed to replace the Cholesky decomposition in the robust cubature Kalman filter. With large conditions for the design parameter, the new filter is more robust. The test results demonstrate that the proposed filter algorithm is more reliable and effective in dealing with the outliers in the data sets produced by the integrated GPS/SINS system.
Learning of parametric coupling terms for robot-environment interaction

In order to be effective, learning of robotic motion by demonstration should not remain limited to direct repetition of movements, but should enable modifications with respect to the state of the external environment, and generation of actions for previously unencountered situations. In this paper we propose an approach that combines these two features, and applies them in the framework of dynamic movement primitives (DMP). The proposed approach is based on the notion of motion adaptation through the use of coupling terms introduced to the DMPs at the velocity level. The coupling term is learned in a few repetitions of the motion with iterative learning control (ILC). The adaptation, which is based on force feedback, derives from either autonomous contact with the environment, or from human intervention. It can adapt to a given constraint, e.g., to a desired force of contact or to a given position. The major novelty of this paper is in extending this notion with statistical generalization between the coupling terms, allowing online adaptation of motion to a previously unexplored situation. The benefit of the approach is in reduced effort in human demonstration, because a single demonstration can be autonomously adapted to different situations with ILC, and recording the learned coupling terms builds up a database for generalization. A side-effect of learning, which takes a few iterations, is that also the coupling terms of the learning attempts can be stored in the database, allowing for different generalization queries and outcomes. In the paper we provide the details on the approach, followed by simulated and real-world evaluations.
Disruption of the neurogenic potential of the dentate gyrus in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy with focal seizures

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is enhanced in response to multiple stimuli including seizures. However, the relationship between neurogenesis and the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) remains unclear. Unilateral intrahippocampal injection of kainate in adult mice models the morphological characteristics (e.g. neuronal loss, gliosis, granule cell dispersion and hypertrophy) and occurrence of chronic, spontaneous recurrent partial seizures observed in human TLE. We investigated the influence of a kainate‐induced epileptogenic focus on hippocampal neurogenesis, comparing neural stem cell proliferation following status epilepticus and spontaneous recurrent partial seizures. Cell proliferation in the subgranular zone was transiently increased bilaterally after kainate treatment. As a result, neurogenesis was stimulated in the contralateral dentate gyrus. In contrast, the epileptic hippocampus exhibited a strongly reduced neurogenic potential, even after onset of spontaneous recurrent partial seizures, possibly due to an alteration of the neurogenic niche in the subgranular zone. These results show that neurogenesis does not contribute to the formation of the epileptic focus and may be affected when dispersion of dentate gyrus granule cells occurs. Therefore, in patients with TLE, hippocampal sclerosis and granule cell dispersion may play a significant role in disrupting the potential for hippocampal neurogenesis.
“Why Do I Have to Take This Course?”: How Academic Advisers Can Help Students Find Personal Meaning and Purpose in General Education

For a variety of reasons, student engagement in general education continues to be a challenge. Perhaps one way to increase engagement is to connect general education with a deep student need: finding meaning and purpose in their lives or exploring what some have called “big questions. ” Recent scholarship has defined these clusters of meaning and purpose needs as “spirituality. ” General education can address these larger questions not only through “culture and belief” types of courses but also by having students study the world through multiple disciplines and perspectives. Academic advisers, who regularly talk with students about their values and goals and advise them on the entire curriculum, are in a prime position to help students make personal connections between their search for meaning and purpose and general education.
Identification of a Gene Coding for a New Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen Recognized by the CTL1

Peptide-based specific immunotherapy has resulted in tumor regression in some melanoma patients. However, tumor Ags and peptides for specific immunotherapy, except for treatment of melanomas, have not yet been well identified. In this study, we report a gene encoding a new squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) Ag recognized by cells of the HLA-A24-restricted and tumor-specific CTL line. This gene with 3958-bp length was transcribed from the chromosome 6q22 with six exons, and its mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in both SCCs and normal tissues, and partly expressed in adenocarcinomas. The deduced 958-aa sequence encoded by this gene showed no similarity to any known amino acid sequences. This gene product had a characteristic of an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein. A 100-kDa protein was detected in the vast majority of SCCs from various tissues, in majority of renal cell carcinomas and brain tumors, and in about one-third of melanomas and adenocarcinomas from various organs other than the breast. In contrast, it was not expressed at all in any of the normal cells or tissues tested, including the testis and fetal liver. Three different peptides at positions 93–101, 161–169, and 899–907 of this Ag were recognized by this CTL line, and all of them induced HLA-A24-restricted and tumor-specific CTLs from PBMCs of SCC patients. Therefore, these peptides may be useful for peptide-based specific immunotherapy of HLA-A24+ patients with SCC in various organs, as well as for treatment of other cancer.