Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semantic Reasoning with XML-based Biomedical Information Models

The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is increasingly being used for biomedical data exchange. The parallel growth in the use of ontologies in biomedicine presents opportunities for combining the two technologies to leverage the semantic reasoning services provided by ontology-based tools. There are currently no standardized approaches for taking XML-encoded biomedical information models and representing and reasoning with them using ontologies. To address this shortcoming, we have developed a workflow and a suite of tools for transforming XML-based information models into domain ontologies encoded using OWL. In this study, we applied semantics reasoning methods to these ontologies to automatically generate domain-level inferences. We successfully used these methods to develop semantic reasoning methods for information models in the HIV and radiological image domains.
Multiple choice vocabulary test MWT as a valid and short test to estimate premorbid intelligence

The discrepancy between current and premorbid ability is a relevant indicator of acquired mental impairment, which itself is closely related to general cerebral dysfunction. The use of tests sensitive to cerebral dysfunction, raises relatively few problems compared with tests being resistent that are used to estimate premorbid mental ability. For premorbid ability, verbal tests assessing knowledge, especially vocabulary, have been shown to be valid. A test, possibly more insensitive to brain dysfunction than the ones usually administered, is the multiple choice vocabulary test (MWT = Mehrfachwahl‐Wortschatz‐Test). At present only German versions are available. They are presented in some detail because of their advantages. Construction of the MWT is simple, and it can be easily administered in about five minutes. The results correlate fairly well with global IQ in healthy adults (median of r = 0.72 in 22 samples) and are more insensitive to current disturbances than such tests as the WAIS vocabulary test. The limitations of premorbid tests with respect to diagnostic validity are discussed. It is concluded, that studies which do not control premorbid intelligence have to be considered as a “malpractice” and should not be accepted by scientists.
Mortality Attributable to Nosocomial Infection: A Cohort of Patients With and Without Nosocomial Infection in a French University Hospital

Objective To assess nosocomial infection (NI) as a risk factor for death and to estimate the population-attributable risk of death from NI. Design. A prospective cohort study of patients with and without NI. Setting. Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France. Patients. Patients were recruited from May 7, 2001, to January 10, 2003. Patients in acute care and long-term care units who had NI were enrolled, and patients without NI were randomly selected and matched with patients with NI for age, sex, type of care (acute care vs. long-term care) and length of stay in hospital at study inclusion. Outcome Measures. Vital status within 60 days after study inclusion was assessed. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the relative death risk from NI after adjusting for comorbidities, severity of the underlying disease, and all other confounding factors. The adjusted population-attributable risk was assessed using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Results. We recruited 1,914 patients with NI and 5,172 patients without NI. The median age of the patients with NI was 73 years; 1,045 (54.6%) were female. NI was associated with death within 60 days (adjusted odds ratio, 1.7 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.4—;2.2]; P-C.001). The adjusted population-attributable risk of death for all sites of infection was 1.7% (95% CI, 1.4-2.1). If we consider the NI incidence to be 3%-6% in French hospitals, the population-attributable risk of death from NI would range from 2.1% (95% CI, 1.7%-2.5%) to 4.0% (95% CI, 3.3%-4.9%). Conclusion. In this study, NI appeared to have a significant impact on mortality. Multicenter studies will be needed to confirm these results.
‘Spin’ in published biomedical literature: A methodological systematic review

In the scientific literature, spin refers to reporting practices that distort the interpretation of results and mislead readers so that results are viewed in a more favourable light. The presence of spin in biomedical research can negatively impact the development of further studies, clinical practice, and health policies. This systematic review aims to explore the nature and prevalence of spin in the biomedical literature. We searched MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and hand searched reference lists for all reports that included the measurement of spin in the biomedical literature for at least 1 outcome. Two independent coders extracted data on the characteristics of reports and their included studies and all spin-related outcomes. Results were grouped inductively into themes by spin-related outcome and are presented as a narrative synthesis. We used meta-analyses to analyse the association of spin with industry sponsorship of research. We included 35 reports, which investigated spin in clinical trials, observational studies, diagnostic accuracy studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. The nature of spin varied according to study design. The highest (but also greatest) variability in the prevalence of spin was present in trials. Some of the common practices used to spin results included detracting from statistically nonsignificant results and inappropriately using causal language. Source of funding was hypothesised by a few authors to be a factor associated with spin; however, results were inconclusive, possibly due to the heterogeneity of the included papers. Further research is needed to assess the impact of spin on readers’ decision-making. Editors and peer reviewers should be familiar with the prevalence and manifestations of spin in their area of research in order to ensure accurate interpretation and dissemination of research.
Seeking neutrino emission from AGN through temporal and spatial cross-correlation

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are a promising source for high-energy astrophysical neutrinos (HEANs). By the end of 2022, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory (VRO) will begin to observe $\gtrsim10$ million AGN with a regular and high cadence. Here, we evaluate the capacity of VRO, in tandem with various current and upcoming neutrino telescopes, to establish AGN as HEAN emitters. To do so, we assume that the neutrino luminosity from any given AGN at any given time is proportional to the electromagnetic luminosity. We then estimate the error with which this fraction can be measured through spatial and temporal cross-correlation of VRO light curves with IceCube, KM3NeT, and Bakail-GVD. We find that it may be possible to detect AGN contributions at the $\sim3 \sigma$ level to the HEAN flux even if these AGN contribute only $\sim10\%$ of the HEAN flux. The bulk of this information comes from spatial correlations, although the temporal information improves the sensitivity a bit. The results also imply that if an angular correlation is detected with high signal-to-noise, there may be prospects to detect a correlation between AGN variability and neutrino arrival times. The small HEAN fraction estimated here to be accessible to the entirety of the VRO AGN sample suggests that valuable information on the character of the emitting AGN may be obtained through similar analyses on different sub-populations of AGN.
GANHOS ANORMAIS ATRAVÉS DAS SÉRIES HISTÓRICAS DE AÇÕES DE EMPRESAS COM PRÁTICAS EMPRESARIAIS CORPORATIVAS NO BRASIL

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo caracterizar as series historicas como correlacionadas em longo alcance com base na lei de potencia, nao correlacionadas e anticorrelacionadas para empresas com praticas empresariais corporativas e outras sem esta pratica, atraves da aplicacao do metodo Detrended Flutuation Analysis (DFA) as series historicas de acoes pertencentes ao Indice da Bolsa de Valores de Sao Paulo (IBOVESPA) e Indice de Acoes com Governanca Corporativa Diferenciada (IGC) da Bolsa de Valores, Mercadoria e Futuros (BMF&BOVESPA), no periodo de 2 de janeiro de 2007 a 31 de dezembro de 2012. A comparacao entre os dois grupos indica que aquele formado de acoes de empresas com a caracteristica de praticas empresariais corporativas e preferivel por gestores de investimento que buscam ganhos anormais por apresentarem o maior percentual de acoes correlacionadas em longo alcance com base na lei de potencia com assimetria positiva ou anticorrelacionadas com assimetria negativa. Nos dois grupos nao foi possivel identificar acoes com series historicas nao correlacionadas, responsaveis pelo passeio aleatorio caracteristico do mercado eficiente.
Knowledge Driven Quality Improvement

Little is known about the processes that make TQM effective. Why are some quality improvement projects more effective than others? We argue that TQM processes affect the way people create new knowledge, which in turn determines organizational effectiveness. We exlore this by studying 62 quality improvement projects undertaken in one factory over a decade. Using a factor analysis we identify three learning constructs that characterize the learning process: scope, conceptual learning, and operational learning. We use OLS regressions to study the impact of these learning constructs on project performance. Conceptual and operational learning are found to play a crucial role in achieving goals, creating new technological knowledge, and changing factory personnel's attention. Contrary to the common practice of relying on operational learning, we suggest the application of conceptual learning as well, particularly if the technology is poorly understood. It facilitates the codification of knowledge, which enhances its dissemination for both present and future use.
Contending views and conflicts over land In Vietnam's Red River Delta

Abstract This study offers an approach about the nature of peasants and the reasons for their political actions. It examines the views of different parties towards the question on how land should be owned, managed, used, by whom, for whose benefits, and uncovers as well as explains the resulting conflicts over land rights in the Red River Delta since decollectivisation. It postulates that the contending views among parties over decision-making, distribution, and holding of land rights, create dynamics for conflicts, which take place under the form of public resistance, in a number of communities.
Default mode functional connectivity estimation and visualization framework for MEG data

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is used for functional connectivity analysis, and can record brain signals from deep sources non-invasively. Modern MEG systems measure signals at a temporal resolution of milliseconds and at millimeter precision. However, there is a lack of standardization in the position and orientation of sensors, unlike the electroencephalography (EEG) that follows sensor positioning guidelines defined by international 10-20 10-10 or 10-5 systems. Mapping MEG sensor positioning to EEG's is essential to enable data fusion and comparison of both modalities. This paper reports the development of a novel framework for MEG data visualization and analysis. The strength of the proposed framework is demonstrated through input of sizeable data from multiple healthy subjects and generating default mode connectivity visualization from the most common and significantly active coherent brain regions.
The Role of Southern Intellectuals in Contemporary Trade Governance

This paper identifies the emergence of a new set of trade intellectuals from the global South, primarily from the rising powers. It argues that this group of ‘Southern trade intellectuals’ has formed a loose epistemic community, and traces the impact the group is having on global trade governance. The subject examined differs from most other uses of the epistemic community framework in that it analyses a case in which there is no objective, scientific knowledge being promoted by the group. Instead, the group is engaged in promoting one subjective understanding of events over another. However, the emergence of this epistemic community has been important in providing an alternative trade narrative that has weakened the dominance previously enjoyed by the Western powers over trade analysis. This broadening of the range of trade analysis and expert opinion forms an important, though potentially problematic, area of leadership provided by the rising powers to less developed countries.
Exogenous or Endogenous Growth? The Industrial Revolution Reconsidered

The British Industrial Revolution is reviewed in the light of recent developments in modeling economic growth. It is argued that ”endogenous innovation” models may be useful in this context particularly for understanding why total factor productivity growth rose only slowly. ”Macroinventions” were central to economic development in this period, however, and these are best seen as exogenous technological shocks. Although new growth theorists would easily identify higher growth potential in eighteenth-century Britain than in France, explaining the timing of the acceleration in growth remains elusive. A research agenda to develop further insights from new growth ideas is proposed.
Technological frames of stakeholders shaping the SDI implementation: A case study from India

The theory of technological frames provides a useful lens to analyze and understand diverse meanings and expectations attached by different stakeholder groups around information and communication technologies (ICTs) sought to be introduced in organizations. These differing perceptions have been found to variously problematize new IS design and implementation efforts. In this article, the key concepts articulated around technological frames are drawn upon to analyze the meanings, assumptions, and expectations espoused by different stakeholders in context of the development of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) in India. It is argued that the theory of technological frames, with its roots in socio-cognitive and social construction of technology (SCOT) research arenas, helps improve our understanding of the aspects. It is further argued that IS/GIS-related research needs to move beyond merely diagnosing the diversity of interpretations towards suggesting how these may be negotiated and resolved. The Indian NSDI setting is accordingly discussed and analyzed in this article. The research findings, however, have a wider applicability, being also germane to similar ICT initiatives being taken in other developing countries. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
5‐HYDROXYTRYPTOPHYL PEPTIDES: POTENT INHIBITORS OF A STORAGE COMPARTMENT OF SEROTONIN 1

Several analogues of 5‐hydroxytryptophan were tested for their ability to inhibit the binding of serotonin to serotonin‐binding protein (SBP), a protein found within serotonergic neurons which has a high affinity for serotonin. An N‐substituted dipeptide, N‐acetyl‐5‐hydroxytryptophan‐5‐hydroxytryptophan amide, was found to be an inhibitor of this binding. The inhibition (50% at 1.0 μM) was specific, since it did not affect other known sites of serotonin binding. The binding of serotonin to its membrane receptor was not affected by the dipeptide (up to 10 μM). Uptake of serotonin by synaptosomes was only slightly affected (9% at 10 μM), and aromatic‐L‐amino‐acid carboxy‐lyase(EC 4.1.1.28) and amine: oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (flavin‐containing) (EC 1.4.3.4) were not inhibited (10 μM and 5 mM respectively), The peptide was not hydrolyzed by honiogenates of brain or myenteric plexus. The 14C‐labelled dipeptide was shown to be taken up by synaptosomes. However, the uptake of the peptide was not affected either by drugs that inhibit serotonin uptake or by serotonin itself although the uptake was abolished by excess 5‐hydroxytryptophan. Intraventricular injection of N‐acetyl dipeptide caused a biphasic effect depending on dose. Lower doses (10nmol) induced a decrease in serotonin brain levels (40%). Higher doses (300 nmol) caused a 95% increase in serotonin levels.
Arguments and actions: decoupling preference and planning through argumentation

Automated decision-making and planning is a capability that lays the foundation for the development of intelligent decision-support. These systems range from sophisticated multi-agent solutions for corporate decision-support, to decision recommendation for the general consumer. The ideas, algorithms, and tools developed within this thesis cater for this latter category – a class of approaches that includes online travel planners, smart environments, context-aware navigational aides, and personal shopping assistants. Operating on behalf of a human user, these tools are charged with the recommendation of a decision that best serves their interests – characterised by their preference over available choices. The mission of an automated decision-maker is to extract and use this knowledge in the selection of a decision. Across the range of problem-domain scenarios faced by a human decision-maker, the appropriate means by which their preference is communicated varies – from the quantitative to qualitative, logical to heuristic, and simple to complex. The capacity of these tools to select choices on the basis of such wide ranging classes of preference increases their utility as human decision aides. This thesis considers the decoupling of preference from the decision-making and planning algorithms that underly such systems. These algorithms operate on this preference as if it were an instance of an abstract type – supporting the use of general expressions of preference while abstracting away from its representational detail. Such algorithms can not only be reused across a range of decision-making problems faced by an agent or user, but cater for the diversity of human users on whose behalf decision-making is taking place. This thesis presents three key contributions within this domain.
The supply response of basmati rice growers in Punjab, Pakistan: price and non-price determinants

Pakistan's stated policy is to increase basmati rice production through price support measures and liberalization of input markets. The present study assesses the scope for price support policy to achieve growth targets and whether additional assistance is needed from non-price policy measures. The econometric analysis is based on a profit function using farm household survey data from the Punjab. Pakistan for 1995-1996. The results reveal that to achieve production targets, very high support prices are required. Since these price levels may not be feasible, a more appropriate option may involve some inducements to expand paddy area and the area allocated to modern varieties. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissociation of progeny vaccinia virus from the cell membrane is regulated by a viral envelope glycoprotein: effect of a point mutation in the lectin homology domain of the A34R gene

Vaccinia virus strains vary considerably in the amounts of extracellular enveloped virus (EEV) that they release from infected cells. The IHD-J strain produces up to 40 times more EEV than does the related WR strain and consequently generates elongated comet-shaped virus plaques instead of sharply defined round ones in susceptible monolayer cells under liquid medium. The difference in EEV formation is due to the retention of enveloped WR virions on the cell surface (R. Blasco and B. Moss, J. Virol. 66:4170-4179, 1992). By using WR and IHD-J DNA fragments for marker transfer and analyzing the progeny virus by the comet formation assay, we determined that gene A34R and at least one other gene regulate the release of cell-associated virions. Replacement of the A34R gene of WR with the corresponding gene from IHD-J increased the amount of EEV produced by 10-fold and conferred the ability to form distinctive comet-shaped plaques. Gene A34R encodes an EEV-specific glycoprotein with homology to C-type animal lectins (S.A. Duncan and G.L. Smith, J. Virol. 66:1610-1621, 1992). The nucleotide sequences of the A34R genes of WR and IHD-J strains differed in six positions, of which four were silent. One of the codon mutations (Lys-151-->Glu), which is located in the putative carbohydrate recognition domain, was sufficient to transfer a comet-forming phenotype to WR virus. These data indicate that the A34R-encoded glycoprotein is involved, through its lectin homology domain, in the retention of progeny virus on the surface of parental cells and raise the possibility that the protein also has a role in virus attachment to uninfected cells.
A GARCH Parameterization of the Volatility Surface

For more than 40 years, option traders have used the Black–Scholes (BS) formula to extract implied volatilities (IVs) from market option prices, allowing a different IV for each option. The result is the IV surface in strike price and maturity space. In BS-family models, IV is the market’s risk-neutral expectation of average volatility from the present through option expiration. In the 1990s, Dupire, Derman, and Kani developed “local volatility” models that produce the observed option prices from an implied set of time- and state-dependent future volatilities. However, the specific s(St, t) values for future volatilities that arise in the model do not come from a well-developed dynamic volatility process. Making use of several nice mathematical properties, Mazzoni shows, for each option, how to go from a GARCH model for variance along a stock-price path constrained to end up just at the money, through the corresponding local volatility surface, which is used to compute implied volatility, to get the option value. The system is calibrated against the full set of option prices observed in the market. Models that try to parameterize the entire volatility surface are rare, but in an empirical investigation with DAX index options, the GARCH-based procedure performs considerably better than the SABR and SIV model alternatives.
Some empirical evidence on the time series properties of four UK Asset Prices

In this paper, the authors examine the time-series behavior of four U.K. asset prices and estimate two types of models for the differenced series. Much previous research has found the presence of time varying heteroskedasticity in the error process for asset prices; a linear model with GQARCH errors is compared to a joint Bilinear model with GQARCH errors; the latter choice motivated by the ability of Bilinear models to capture turbulent behavior. The adequacy of these models is determined by examining simulations and also employing test statistics. The forecasting performance of the two models is also compared. Copyright 1996 by The London School of Economics and Political Science.
NoCDepend: A Flexible and Scalable Dependability Technique for 3D Networks-on-Chip

In order to be able to handle an arbitrary amount of static communication segment faults in NoC-based MPSoCs, a flexible fault tolerance mechanism has to be applied. In this contribution, we present a flexible and scalable approach for fault-tolerance in NoCs, which - in contrast to existing circumvention techniques - can in principle handle any number of static faults in the routing network. It doesn't require routing restrictions (as static routing/source routing) and can basically be combined with any static or adaptive minimal or non-minimal routing algorithm. The needed additional hardware effort is low and the increase of the time for computation of routing decisions is reasonably low as well. The presented dependability technique can work hand-in-hand with a task scheduler/mapped and is applicable in critical, mixed-critical and non-critical application scenarios.