Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Abnormalities in Childhood Absence Epilepsy: Voxel-Based Analysis Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Purpose: Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is a common syndrome of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. However, little is known about the brain structural changes in this type of epilepsy, especially in the default mode network (DMN) regions. This study aims at using the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique to quantify structural abnormalities of DMN nodes in CAE patients. Method: DTI data were acquired in 14 CAE patients (aged 8.64 ± 2.59 years, seven females and seven males) and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The data were analyzed using voxel-based analysis (VBA) and statistically compared between patients and controls. Pearson correlation was explored between altered DTI metrics and clinical parameters. The difference of brain volumes between patients and controls were also tested using unpaired t-test. Results: Patients showed significant increase of mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) in left medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), and decrease of fractional anisotropy (FA) in left precuneus and axial diffusivity (AD) in both left MPFC and precuneus. In correlation analysis, MD value from left MPFC was positively associated with duration of epilepsy. Neither the disease duration nor the seizure frequency showed significant correlation with FA values. Between-group comparison of brain volumes got no significant difference. Conclusion: The findings indicate that structural impairments exist in DMN regions in children suffering from absence epilepsy and MD values positively correlate with epilepsy duration. This may contribute to understanding the pathological mechanisms of chronic neurological deficits and promote the development of new therapies for this disorder.
Pragmatic Markers in British English: Meaning in Social Interaction

Fundamental to oral fluency, pragmatic markers facilitate the flow of spontaneous, interactional and social conversation. Variously termed ‘hedges’, ‘fumbles’ and ‘conversational greasers’ in earlier academic studies, this book explores the meaning, function and role of well, I mean, just, sort of, like and you know in British English. Adopting a sociolinguistic and historical perspective, Beeching investigates how these six commonly occurring pragmatic markers are used and the ways in which their current meanings and functions have evolved. Informed by empirical data from a wide range of contemporary and historical sources, including a small corpus of spoken English collected in 2011–14, the British National Corpus and the Old Bailey Corpus, Pragmatic Markers in British English contributes to debates about language variation and change, incrementation in adolescence and grammaticalisation and pragmaticalisation.
The study of morpho-agronomic traits relationship in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The study of the associations between morpho-agronomic traits of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was based on different statistical methods. Seventy two recombinant inbred lines and twenty cultivars of common bean were used to record data on seed yield and 21 morpho-agronomic characters. Correlation analysis demonstrated that seed yield is highly correlated with harvest index, seed number per plant, seed number per pod, pod number per plant, seed length, straw weight, 50% flowering, 50% poding, pod length and 100 seed weight. Path coefficients' analysis was applied to the data within the primary, secondary, and tertiary yield levels to work out the direct and indirect effects of 21 characters on the seed yield. Path analysis indicated that among primary traits, seed number per plant and harvest index had high positive direct effect on the seed yield. According to the obtained results, in the secondary level of seed yield characters such as length seed, pod number per plant and straw weight can be considered. Factor analysis revealed that five factors explain almost 75% of the total variance. The factors could explain 22.42, 14.59, 14.36, 13.76 and 9.94% of total variation, respectively. Cluster analysis separated the characters to four distinct groups. Hence, the study results proved that seed number per plant, pod number per plant, harvest index, seed number per pod, pod weight and pod length were the variables most closely related to seed yield. There was a harmony between results of path analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis.
Islamic Education and Indoctrination: The Case in Indonesia. Routledge Research in Education.

Preface. Introduction. 1. Struggling for Control: Indoctrination and Jihad 2. (De)constructing an Indoctrinatory Tradition 3. Indoctrination in Formal Education: The Case of Pondok Pesantren Islam Al Mukmin 4. Indoctrination in Non-formal and Informal Education: The Case of Jemaah Islamiyah 5. Weaving a Different Net: An Educative Tradition 6. Islamic Schools in Indonesia: Islam with a Smiling Face? 7. Whither Religious Pluralism, Strong Rationality, and Strong Autonomy? 8. Beyond Indoctrination: Towards Educative Muslim Traditions. Conclusion. Notes. Bibliography. Index.
Frontier Pruning for Shift-Reduce CCG Parsing

We apply the graph-structured stack ( GSS ) to shift-reduce parsing in a Combinatory Cate-gorial Grammar ( CCG ) parser. This allows the shift-reduce parser to explore all possible parses in polynomial time without resorting to heuristics, such as beam search. The GSS - based shift-reduce parser is 34% slower than CKY in the ﬁnely-tuned C&C parser. We perform frontier pruning on the GSS , increasing the parsing speed to be competitive with the C&C parser with a small accuracy penalty.
Mucocutaneous warts in children: clinical presentations, risk factors, and response to treatment.

INTRODUCTION Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause cutaneous and mucosal infections in both adults and children. Warts are very common in children. METHODS All patients younger than 13 presenting with cutaneous warts in a 1-year period at Farwaniya Hospital in Kuwait were included in the study. In addition, their parents completed a questionnaire about possible environmental risk factors for warts. The treatment modalities used and their outcomes were recorded. RESULTS This study included 2,916 children with warts. Common warts affected male patients more frequently. Warts were mostly located on the hands, in 1,172 patients (40.19%), followed by the feet in 1,096 patients (37.59%). Frequently associated environmental factors were walking barefoot, using a swimming pool, or having a family member with warts. The first-line treatment used was cryotherapy, followed by topical salicylic acid preparations. A total of 2,128 (72.98%) patients were cleared of their warts, and 232 (10.90%) patients had a recurrence. The cure rate in patients with hand warts was slightly higher than with warts on the feet (78.67% versus 70.52%). Treatment side effects were a complaint of 1,796 (61.59%) patients. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of warts is lowest among children less than 6 years old. No particular therapy has been confirmed to be effective at achieving complete remission in every patient.
Loneliness mediates the relationship between internalised stigma and depression among patients with psychotic disorders

Background: Stigmatisation is a source of chronic stress and a major barrier to recovery for people with mental illnesses. The internalisation of stigma can have a negative impact on an individual’s social relations and lead to feelings of loneliness and depression. Aim: This research is aimed at testing the hypothesis that the internalised stigma of mental illness contributes to the intensification of depressive symptoms indirectly, through its impact on feelings of loneliness. Methods: A total of 110 individuals with diagnoses of psychotic disorders (International Classification of Diseases–10th Revision (ICD-10): F20–F29) were assessed with measures of internalised stigma, loneliness, depression, positive and negative symptoms and global functioning. The ordinary least squares regression was used for data analysis. Results: After adding loneliness to the regression model, the initially significant impact of internalised stigma on depressive symptoms disappeared. As expected, loneliness proved to be a full mediator in the relationship between stigma and depression. Conclusion: The study findings provide useful insights into the mechanisms of the harmful effects of stigma on people with mental illness. Internalised stigma and loneliness should be considered important targets for interventions aiming to promote recovery.
Printed Yagi-Uda antenna array on CubeSat

CubeSats are now becoming increasingly popular for space programs. This is because of their affordability. Moreover, CubeSats can be built using commercial Off-the Shelf (COTS) components. They are cost effective compared with traditional satellites. CubeSats can communicate with each other within a swarm, and with ground station. These capabilities require CubeSats to be equipped with small antennas to facilitate cross-link or downlink communications. Therefore, in this paper, we present a novel design of high gain printed Yagi-Uda antenna and a two element Yagi-Uda antenna array which can be perfectly attached on 3U CubeSat's aluminum bodies to avoid deployment. We have shown a numerical analysis of Yagi antenna array and simulated the antenna using the High Frequency Simulator Structure (HFSS). The simulation model is completed with the existing of CubeSat mental body. Our results show that the antenna array achieves good impedance matching with a return loss of − 26.47 dB at the desired frequency of 2.47 GHz, a −10dB impedance bandwidth of 134 MHz (2.396–2.530 GHz) and has a total gain of 6.41dB.
A preliminary exploration of the relationship between gray and white matter neurometabolites, neuropsychological function, and functional impairment in young adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has gained acceptance as a neurobiological disorder, supported by a growing body of literature that documents differences in brain structure and function in individuals diagnosed with ADHD. There is growing interest in exploring patterns of neurometabolite concentrations through the methods of proton spectroscopy (H-MRS). Previous studies have employed single voxel techniques, examining neurometabolite concentrations in small, localized regions of brain tissue. This study is the first to employ Spectroscopic Imaging (SI), which allows for acquisition of neurometabolite spectra from a larger sample of brain tissue, in the cerebral cortex of individuals diagnosed with ADHD. Nine adolescents and young adults diagnosed ADHD and twelve control participants were enrolled in the study. Similar to previous findings, the ADHD group demonstrated significant reductions in gray matter volumes of brain regions relevant for sustained attention, inhibition, and working memory. Additionally, performance on measures of visual-spatial problem solving, academic achievement, and cognitive flexibility/response inhibition was more impaired than controls. Preliminary analyses of the SI neurometabolite data revealed few significant results, but several trends were noted, including some sex-related differences
Output-feedback sliding mode control of uncertain systems with unknown control direction: A periodic switching function approach

This work addresses the design of a sliding mode tracking controller for single-input-single-output (SISO) uncertain linear plants with relative degree one and unknown sign of the high frequency gain, i.e., the control direction is considered unknown. The goal is to achieve global exact tracking using only output-feedback. A periodic switching function is designed to cope with the lack of the knowledge of the control direction.
Gradual decline in mobility with the adoption of food production in Europe

Significance Declining mobility levels following the Pleistocene had profound effects on human demography, social organization, and health, but the exact timing and pace of this critical change are unknown. Here we examine direct evidence for changing mobility levels from limb bone structural characteristics in a large sample of European skeletons spanning the past 30,000 y. Our results show that mobility first declined during the Neolithic, at the onset of food production, but that the decline was gradual, continuing for several thousand years as agriculture intensified. No change in relative limb strength occurred during the past 2,000 y. Thus, the more gracile modern human skeleton is a result of increased sedentism tied to food production, not subsequent mechanization and industrialization. Increased sedentism during the Holocene has been proposed as a major cause of decreased skeletal robusticity (bone strength relative to body size) in modern humans. When and why declining mobility occurred has profound implications for reconstructing past population history and health, but it has proven difficult to characterize archaeologically. In this study we evaluate temporal trends in relative strength of the upper and lower limb bones in a sample of 1,842 individuals from across Europe extending from the Upper Paleolithic [11,000–33,000 calibrated years (Cal y) B.P.] through the 20th century. A large decline in anteroposterior bending strength of the femur and tibia occurs beginning in the Neolithic (∼4,000–7,000 Cal y B.P.) and continues through the Iron/Roman period (∼2,000 Cal y B.P.), with no subsequent directional change. Declines in mediolateral bending strength of the lower limb bones and strength of the humerus are much smaller and less consistent. Together these results strongly implicate declining mobility as the specific behavioral factor underlying these changes. Mobility levels first declined at the onset of food production, but the transition to a more sedentary lifestyle was gradual, extending through later agricultural intensification. This finding only partially supports models that tie increased sedentism to a relatively abrupt Neolithic Demographic Transition in Europe. The lack of subsequent change in relative bone strength indicates that increasing mechanization and urbanization had only relatively small effects on skeletal robusticity, suggesting that moderate changes in activity level are not sufficient stimuli for bone deposition or resorption.
Anytime algorithm development tools

Anytime algorithms are playing an increasingly important role in the construction of effective reasoning and planning systems. Early work on anytime algorithms concentrated on the construction of applications in such areas as medical diagnosis and mobile robot navigation. In this paper we describe a programming environment to support the development of such applications as well as larger applications in which several anytime algorithms are used. The widespread use of anytime algorithms depends largely on the availability of such programming tools for algorithm construction, performance measurement, composition of anytime algorithms, and monitoring of their execution. We present a prototype system that meets these needs. Created in lisp, this library of functions, graphical tools and monitoring modules will accelerate and simplify the process of programming with anytime algorithms.
Silencing of gene expression: implications for design of retrovirus vectors

Transcriptional silencing of retroviruses poses a major obstacle to their use as gene therapy vectors. Silencing is most pronounced in stem cells which are desirable targets for therapeutic gene delivery. Many vector designs combat silencing through cis‐modifications of retroviral vector sequences. These designs include mutations of known retroviral silencer elements, addition of positive regulatory elements and insulator elements to protect the transgene from negative position effects. Similar strategies are being applied to lentiviral vectors that readily infect non‐dividing quiescent stem cells. Collectively these cis‐modifications have significantly improved vector design but optimal expression may require additional intervention to escape completely the trans‐factors that scan for foreign DNA, establish silencing in stem cells and maintain silencing in their progeny. Cytosine methylation of CpG sites was proposed to cause retroviral silencing over 20 years ago. However, several studies provide evidence that retrovirus silencing acts through methylase‐independent mechanisms. We propose an alternative silencing mechanism initiated by a speculative stem cell‐specific ‘somno‐complex’. Further understanding of retroviral silencing mechanisms will facilitate better gene therapy vector design and raise new strategies to block transcriptional silencing in transduced stem cells. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, structural investigation, and solid-state properties of iodine-doped zirconium diphthalocyanine, [ZrPc2]I3.I2.

Crystals of iodine-doped zirconium(IV) diphthalocyanine, [ZrPc(2)]I(3). I(2) (where Pc = C(32)H(16)N(8)), were grown directly in the reaction of pure zirconium powder with phthalonitrile under a stream of iodine at 260 degrees C. [ZrPc(2)]I(3). I(2) crystallizes in the space group P2(1)/m (No. 11) of the monoclinic system with lattice parameters of a = 6.735(1), b = 25.023(5), and c = 17.440(3) A, beta = 99.43(3) degrees, and Z = 2. The crystals of [ZrPc(2)]I(3). I(2) are built up from two pseudo-monodimensional aggregates: one-electron-oxidized [ZrPc(2)](+) units; weak interacting triiodide I(3)(-) ions with neutral diiodine molecules. The I(3)(-) ions and neutral I(2) molecules in the crystal of [ZrPc(2)]I(3). I(2) have been also detected by Raman spectroscopy. The [ZrPc(2)](+) units form stacks along the a axis, while the polymeric.I(3)(-). I(2). I(3)(-). I(2)(-). zigzag chains are located in the crystal along the b axis, so both pseudo-monodimensional aggregates are perpendicular to each other. This arrangement is different from that found in the tetragonal crystals of [ZrPc(2)](I(3))(2/3) in which both monodimensional aggregates, i.e., the stacks of partially oxidized [ZrPc(2)](2/3+) units and chains of symmetric triiodide ions, are parallel. EPR experiment together with the X-ray single-crystal analysis clearly shown that oxidation of the diamagnetic ZrPc(2) complex by iodine is ligand centered and homogeneously affecting both phthalocyaninato rings of ZrPc(2); thus, the formal oxidation state of both Pc rings in [ZrPc(2)]I(3). I(2) is nonintegral (-1.5). The UV-vis spectrum of [ZrPc(2)] I(3). I(2) is very similar to the spectrum of unoxidized ZrPc(2) complex in the B Soret and Q spectral region. However, in the spectrum of [ZrPc(2)] I(3). I(2) one additional band at approximately 502 nm is observed, which indicates the existence of the one-electron-oxidized phthalocyaninato(-) radical ligand and is assigned to the electronic transition from a deeper level to the half-occupied HOMO level. The single-crystal electrical conductivity data show anisotropy and nonmetallic character in conductivity (d sigma/dT > 0). The charge transport mainly proceeds along the pseudo-monodimensional stacks of [ZrPc(2)](+) units. The relatively high conductivity along the stacks of one-electron-oxidized [ZrPc(2)](+) units results from the staggering orientation of Pc rings (rotation angle 45.0(2) degrees ) that leads to the short inter-ring C(alpha)(pyrrole)[bond]C(alpha)(pyrrole) contacts (2.839(3)-3.024(3) A). These C(alpha)-pyrrole atoms make appreciable contribution to the partially occupied pi-molecular orbital of Pc macrocycle and the greatest overlap of the HOMO orbitals that form the conduction band of partially oxidized molecular crystals.
In vivo localization and identification of SUMOylated proteins in the brain of His6-HA-SUMO1 knock-in mice

SUMOylation, an essential posttranslational protein modification, is involved in many eukaryotic cellular signaling pathways. The identification of SUMOylated proteins is difficult, because SUMOylation sites in proteins are hard to predict, SUMOylated protein states are transient in vivo and labile in vitro, only a small substrate fraction is SUMOylated in vivo, and identification tools for natively SUMOylated proteins are rare. To solve these problems, we generated knock-in mice expressing His6-HA-SUMO1. By anti-HA immunostaining, we show that SUMO1 conjugates in neurons are only detectable in nuclei and annulate lamellae. By anti-HA affinity purification, we identified several hundred candidate SUMO1 substrates, of which we validated Smchd1, Ctip2, TIF1γ, and Zbtb20 as novel substrates. The knock-in mouse represents an excellent mammalian model for studies on SUMO1 localization and screens for SUMO1 conjugates in vivo.
Nuclear entry and nucleolar localization of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) matrix protein occur early in infection and do not require other NDV proteins

A large proportion of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) matrix (M) protein is found in the nuclei of infected chicken embryo cells. Kinetic analysis indicated that much of the M protein enters the nucleus early in infection, concentrating in discrete regions of the nucleus and remaining there throughout infection. The M protein was found in localized regions of the nuclei of a variety of cell lines infected with NDV. Immunostaining for both M protein and nucleolar antigens indicated that most of these regions represent nucleoli. Moreover, this nucleolar localization of the M protein was observed in chicken embryo cells infected with 11 different strains of NDV. Only the M protein of strain HP displayed a modified pattern, concentrating in the nucleolus early in infection but in the cytoplasm late in infection. M protein transiently expressed in COS-1 cells also localized to the nucleus and nucleolus, indicating that the M protein does not require other NDV proteins for this localization.
Two-way coding for interference-limited regime — Algorithms and feedback strategies in MISO interference channels

Mobile networks are experiencing heterogeneity and intricacy by the avalanche of data traffic, which bring about the possibility of performance degradation by strong interference problems. In order to overcome the limitation of mitigating/eliminating strong interferences, some recent researches have focused on harnessing interferences using advanced coding techniques such as network coding. Two-way coding (TWC), especially on interference channels, is one novel idea for directly harnessing interferences by data-detouring and coupling several hops even though previous results were theoretical. In this context, we propose TWC techniques with respect to their implementation, and verify potential performances when the interference links are prominently strong. TWC techniques have crucial performance gains by not only exploiting good (interference) link qualities for detouring desired information but also removing undesired information using pre-owned data, namely, side-information. Furthermore, we exemplify channel state information (CSI) feedback strategies to realize TWC regarding the transceivers constructed by coupling successive hops.