Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Web-Based Guided Self-help Intervention for Prevention of Major Depression in Adults With Subthreshold Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE Evidence-based treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) are not very successful in improving functional and health outcomes. Attention has increasingly been focused on the prevention of MDD. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based guided self-help intervention for the prevention of MDD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Two-group randomized clinical trial conducted between March 1, 2013, and March 4, 2015. Participants were recruited in Germany from the general population via a large statutory health insurance company (ie, insurance funded by joint employer-employee contributions). Participants included 406 self-selected adults with subthreshold depression (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score ≥16, no current MDD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [Fourth Edition, Text Revision] criteria). INTERVENTIONS All participants had unrestricted access to usual care (visits to the primary care clinician) and were randomized to either a web-based guided self-help intervention (cognitive-behavioral and problem-solving therapy supported by an online trainer; n = 202) or a web-based psychoeducation program (n = 204). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was time to onset of MDD in the intervention group relative to the control group over a 12-month follow-up period as assessed by blinded diagnostic raters using the telephone-administered Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis Disorders at 6- and 12-month follow-up, covering the period to the previous assessment. RESULTS Among 406 randomized patients (mean age, 45 years; 73.9% women), 335 (82%) completed the telephone follow-up at 12 months. Fifty-five participants (27%) in the intervention group experienced MDD compared with 84 participants (41%) in the control group. Cox regression analyses controlling for baseline depressive symptom severity revealed a hazard ratio of 0.59 (95% CI, 0.42-0.82; P = .002) at 12-month follow-up. The number needed to treat to avoid 1 new case of MDD was 5.9 (95% CI, 3.9-14.6). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with subthreshold depression, the use of a web-based guided self-help intervention compared with enhanced usual care reduced the incidence of MDD over 12 months. Further research is needed to understand whether the effects are generalizable to both first onset of depression and depression recurrence as well as efficacy without the use of an online trainer. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: DRKS00004709.
A note on the convergence of the MSMAOR method for linear complementarity problems

Modulus‐based splitting, as well as multisplitting iteration methods, for linear complementarity problems are developed by Zhong‐Zhi Bai. In related papers (see Bai, Z.‐Z., Zhang, L.‐L.: Modulus‐Based Synchronous Multisplitting Iteration Methods for Linear Complementarity Problems. Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 20 (2013) 425–439, and the references cited therein), the problem of convergence for two‐parameter relaxation methods (accelerated overrelaxation‐type methods) is analyzed under the assumption that one parameter is greater than the other. Here, we will show how we can avoid this assumption and, consequently, improve the convergence area. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public attitudes toward mental illness: a review of the literature.

Iri conjunction with the rise of social psychiatry as an increasingly accepted ideologic and strategic base, there has developed widespread interest in public attitudes toward mental illness. Knowledge of such attitudes is not only germane to those concerned with the origins and maintenance of disturbed behavior, but critically important to workers involved in primary prevention programs, early intervention, and community treatment of psychiatric patients. Both administrators and clinicians benefit from acquaintance with public attitudes toward the presence of psychiatric facilities and patients in their neighborhoods. Psychiatric rehabilitation is facilitated when mental health professionals recognize the social realities that their patients encounter in their daily living. In short, it is becoming generally recognized that mental patients, and those who deal with them, exist in the larger framework of society and that it is imperative, in both planning and carrying out treatment programs, to be aware of the attitudes toward mental illness and treatment that prevail in this larger framework. Despite longstanding awareness of the discrepancies between what people say and what they do, the link between attitude and behavior has been deemed sufficiently meaningful to warrant extensive research regarding public attitudes toward mental illness. Since the late 1940's, when the first studies were designed, there has emerged a substantial body of research concerning the delineation of attitudes held by the public, characteristics of disturbed behavior that influence such attitudes, characteristics of respondents that are themselves associated with variations in attitude, and the relationship between attitudes and behavior.
FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF OLDER ADULTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE LIVING AT HOME

CONCLUSION Di.Pro. Di significantly reduced number of rehospitalizations and hospital length of stay. A possible reason is that Di.Pro. Di allows patients to be fully stabilized before complete discharge. As in other DMPs, Di.Pro. Di improved the education of patients and families, improving adherence to therapy and lifestyle after discharge. These preliminary results suggest that Di.Pro. Di improves the effectiveness of care for elderly patients with CHF.
Effect of corticosteroids on short-term and long-term memory

The effect of acute high-dose glucocorticoid therapy on memory function in patients with acute optic neuritis (n = 9) and multiple sclerosis (n = 21) was studied. All patients had reversible impairment of long-term memory functions, whereas measures of short-term memory, attentional functions, and alertness remained unaffected.
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Secreted Protein Rv0203 Transfers Heme to Membrane Proteins MmpL3 and MmpL11*

Background: A novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis heme acquisition has recently been discovered. Results: The membrane protein MmpL11 is required for efficient heme uptake, and secreted Rv0203 may transfer heme to extracellular domains of both MmpL3 and MmpL11. Conclusion: MmpL3 and MmpL11 are potential heme transporters, whereby heme is transported into the cytosol. Significance: This work enhances our understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heme uptake. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, which is becoming an increasingly global public health problem due to the rise of drug-resistant strains. While residing in the human host, M. tuberculosis needs to acquire iron for its survival. M. tuberculosis has two iron uptake mechanisms, one that utilizes non-heme iron and another that taps into the vast host heme-iron pool. To date, proteins known to be involved in mycobacterial heme uptake are Rv0203, MmpL3, and MmpL11. Whereas Rv0203 transports heme across the bacterial periplasm or scavenges heme from host heme proteins, MmpL3 and MmpL11 are thought to transport heme across the membrane. In this work, we characterize the heme-binding properties of the predicted extracellular soluble E1 domains of both MmpL3 and MmpL11 utilizing absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance, and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Rv0203 transfers heme to both MmpL3-E1 and MmpL11-E1 domains at a rate faster than passive heme dissociation from Rv0203. This work elucidates a key step in the mycobacterial uptake of heme, and it may be useful in the development of anti-tuberculosis drugs targeting this pathway.
Differential lateralization of hippocampal connectivity reflects features of recent context and ongoing demands: An examination of immediate post‐task activity

Neuroimaging studies have shown that task demands affect connectivity patterns in the human brain not only during task performance but also during subsequent rest periods. Our goal was to determine whether ongoing connectivity patterns during rest contain information about both the current rest state, as well as the recently terminated task. Our experimental design consisted of two types of active tasks that were followed by two types of low‐demand rest states. Using this design, we examined whether hippocampal functional connectivity during wakeful rest reflects both features of a recently terminated task and those of the current resting‐state condition. We identified four types of networks: (i) one whose connectivity with the hippocampus was determined only by features of a recently terminated task, (ii) one whose connectivity was determined only by features of the current resting‐state, (iii) one whose connectivity reflected aspects of both the recently terminated task and ongoing resting‐state features, and (iv) one whose connectivity with the hippocampus was strong, but not affected by any external factor. The left and right hippocampi played distinct roles in these networks. These findings suggest that ongoing hippocampal connectivity networks mediate information integration across multiple temporal scales, with hippocampal laterality moderating these connectivity patterns. Hum Brain Mapp 36:519–537, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Idiomatic MWEs and Machine Translation A Retrieval and Representation Model: the AraMWE Project

A preliminary implementation of AraMWE, a hybrid project that includes a statistical component and a CCG symbolic component to extract and treat MWEs and idioms in Arabic and Eng- lish parallel texts is presented, together with a general sketch of the system, a thorough description of the statistical component and a proof of concept of the CCG component.
How periodontal disease may contribute to cardiovascular disease.

Coronary artery disease is the major cause of premature death among men in industrialized countries, and its pathological basis is atherosclerosis. Hemostatic and rheological variables are associated with both prevalent and incident cardiovascular disease and may be mechanisms through which risk factors such as smoking, hyperlipidemia and infections (including periodontal disease) may promote vascular events. Rheological variables (which influence blood flow) are consistently associated with both prevalent and incident cardiovascular disease, possibly because they play a role in localizing atherosclerosis and thrombosis, as well as promoting ischemia. The associations of whole-blood viscosity with cardiovascular disease are partly explained by plasma viscosity and partly by hematocrit. White cell count, but not platelet count, predicts ischemic heart disease events. Cigarette smokers have higher levels of all rheological variables than nonsmokers; these increases are partly or wholly reversible in ex-smokers. Other risk factors such as blood lipids and blood pressure also influence rheological variables. Among hemostatic variables, fibrinogen, factor VIII, von Willebrand’s factor complex, tissue plasminogen activator antigen and fibrin D-dimer are associated with both prevalent and incident cardiovascular disease. These findings suggest that endothelial disturbance and increased fibrin turnover may play roles in cardiovascular disease. The association between dental infections and cardiovascular disease has been reviewed recently and will not be covered here (2). The multifactorial causation of cardiovascular disease and the many risk factors and associations attributed to this condition are shown in Fig. 1 (27). Periodontitis and atherosclerosis have many potential pathogenic mechanisms in common. Both diseases have complex causation, genetic and gender predispositions,
Depressive symptoms are associated with physical inactivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. The DIAZOB Primary Care Diabetes study.

BACKGROUND Depression is a common complication of type 2 diabetes, associated with poor disease outcomes such as impaired glycaemic control, cardiovascular disease and increased mortality. The mechanisms behind these associations are unclear. Depression might contribute to poor disease outcomes through decreased physical activity. OBJECTIVE To test whether type 2 diabetes patients with elevated depression scores are more often physically inactive. METHODS Demographic features, clinical factors, level of physical inactivity and depressive symptoms were assessed in 2646 primary care patients with type 2 diabetes. Sequential multiple logistic regression analyses [odds ratio, 95% confidence interval (CI)] were performed to test the association between depressive symptoms and physical inactivity. RESULTS About 48% of the respondents were physically inactive. Elevated depressive symptoms were found in 14% of the respondents. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds for being physically inactive were almost doubled in depressed patients with type 2 diabetes 1.74 (95% CI 1.32-2.31). CONCLUSIONS Presence of depressive symptoms almost doubles the likelihood of physical inactivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether physical inactivity forms the link between depression and poor disease outcomes.
Mutation in Neurofilament Transgene Implicates RNA Processing in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disease

A mouse neurofilament light subunit (NF-L) transgene with a 36 bpc-myc insert at the end of the coding region was found to have neuropathic effects on enteric and motor neurons of transgenic mice. The severity of phenotype was related directly to the levels of transgenic mRNA expression. High levels of transgene expression were lethal to newborn pups, causing profound alterations in the development of the enteric nervous system and extensive vacuolar changes in motor neurons. Lower levels of transgene expression led to a transient stunting of growth and focal alterations of enteric and motor neurons. Because the positioning of the c-myc insert coincided with the location of the major stability determinant of the NF-L mRNA (Cañete-Soler et al., 1998a,b), additional studies were undertaken. These studies showed that the c-myc insert alters the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes that bind to the stability determinant and disrupts their ability to regulate the stability of the transcripts. The findings indicate that expression of an NF-L transgene with a mutant mRNA stability determinant is highly disruptive to enteric and motor neurons and implicate alterations in RNA processing in the pathogenesis of a neurodegenerative condition.
DNA base composition and taxonomy of phyopathogenic and other enterobacteria.

SUMMARY: Using lysates and purified DNA, base ratios were determined by the buoyant density ultracentrifugation and the absorbance-temperature transition techniques; the correspondence was very high between the two methods. The DNAs from a large number of Erwinia species, mostly phytopathogenic and nonphytopathogenic, but including some ‘Erwinia-like’ bacteria from animal sources and from other genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae were studied. The DNA base ratios of these bacteria fell mainly in the range 50–58 % GC, consistent with their taxonomic placement in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Certain assemblages of erwinias could be grouped on the basis of GC content into clearly differentiated clusters, which, accidentally or otherwise, correlated neatly with certain existing nomenclatural groupings. It was not possible, from the GC values alone, to decide whether the present multiplicity of Erwinia species can be justified as separate species, or whether and how they might be combined into fewer species, or whether and how they might be demoted to some infraspecific level. Indeed, it is not clear whether the genus Erwinia, defined as it is solely on the basis of plant habitat, should be maintained or whether its species might not, just as rationally, be distributed throughout other genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Classifications of the genus Erwinia on over-all phenotypic similarity result in a small number of specific taxa which, on the basis of the present study, are seen to contain organisms of different GC contents. In the present state of the art, one can only be agnostic about the amount of such differences in GC content which corresponds to separate taxa or to a particular categoreal level (generic, specific, infraspecific) in the present hierarchical taxonomic scheme.
Cluster-Based Visual Abstraction for Multivariate Scatterplots

The use of scatterplots is an important method for multivariate data visualization. The point distribution on the scatterplot, along with variable values represented by each point, can help analyze underlying patterns in data. However, determining the multivariate data variation on a scatterplot generated using projection methods, such as multidimensional scaling, is difficult. Furthermore, the point distribution becomes unclear when the data scale is large and clutter problems occur. These conditions can significantly decrease the usability of scatterplots on multivariate data analysis. In this study, we present a cluster-based visual abstraction method to enhance the visualization of multivariate scatterplots. Our method leverages an adapted multilabel clustering method to provide abstractions of high quality for scatterplots. An image-based method is used to deal with large scale data problem. Furthermore, a suite of glyphs is designed to visualize the data at different levels of detail and support data exploration. The view coordination between the glyph-based visualization and the table lens can effectively enhance the multivariate data analysis. Through numerical evaluations for data abstraction quality, case studies and a user study, we demonstrate the effectiveness and usability of the proposed techniques for multivariate data analysis on scatterplots.
Flow cytometric measurement of cellular ionized calcium concentration.

Abstract : Considerable interest has been directed at measuring intracellular ionized calcium concentration (Ca2+)i) in living cells. Calcium has an important role in a number of cellular functions, and perhaps most interestingly, can function to transmit information from the cell membrane to regulate diverse cellular functions. Until the early 1980s it was not possible to measure (Ca2+)i in small intact cells, and attempts to measure cytosolic calcium were restricted mostly to large invertebrate cells where the use of microelectrodes was possible. A new family of fluorescent dyes was developed by Tsien et al. (80), and with quin2, it was possible for the first time to measure (Ca2+)i in virtually any population of cells. In 1985, a second family of dyes was developed with the invention of fura-2 and indo-1 (23), and it became possible to measure (Ca2+)i in intact single cells of nearly all types. The purpose of this review is to discuss the measurement of (Ca2+)i using flow cytometry to analyze cells loaded with the fluorescent to date. Keywords: Lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, Reprints.
Linkage disequilibrium analyses within chromosome 19p in multiple sclerosis

Objective The aim of this study was to determine if multiple sclerosis (MS) shows association with variants of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within chromosome 19p, where previous studies resulted in conflicting observations. Subjects and methods The transmissions of 569 SNP variants and 608 haplotypes from unaffected parents to their affected children were tested in 257 Caucasian families by using the pedigree disequilibrium test (PDT), the TRANSMIT version 2.5 program and the family- and haplotype-based association tests (FBAT and HBAT). The distribution of linkage disequilibrium (LD) among SNPs in 19p was assessed by ldmax and correlated with the location of MS-associated haplotypes. Results Individual SNP alleles did not show association after correction for multiple testing in PDT. Several marker haplotypes within potential candidate genes of intracellular enzymes, transmembrane proteins and receptors and signaling and adhesion molecules appeared to be weakly associated with the disease in both TRANSMIT and HBAT. However, none of the associations was strong enough to survive correction for multiple testing. Conclusions The present study is in the line of previous studies with negative conclusions concerning the role of the 19p region in MS. Multiple Sclerosis 2008; 14: 433—439. http://msj.sagepub. com
A Consecutive Priming-Boosting Vaccination of Mice with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) gag/pol DNA and Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Strain DIs Elicits Effective Anti-SIV Immunity

ABSTRACT To evaluate immunity induced by a novel DNA prime-boost regimen, we constructed a DNA plasmid encoding the gag and pol genes from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) (SIVgag/pol DNA), in addition to a replication-deficient vaccinia virus strain DIs recombinant expressing SIV gag and pol genes (rDIsSIVgag/pol). In mice, priming with SIVgag/pol DNA, followed by rDIsSIVgag/pol induced an SIV-specific lymphoproliferative response that was mediated by a CD4+-T-lymphocyte subset. Immunization with either vaccine alone was insufficient to induce high levels of proliferation or Th1 responses in the animals. The prime-boost regimen also induced SIV Gag-specific cellular responses based on gamma interferon secretion, as well as cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte responses. Thus, the regimen of DNA priming and recombinant DIs boosting induced Th1-type cell-mediated immunity, which was associated with resistance to viral challenge with wild-type vaccinia virus expressing SIVgag/pol, suggesting that this new regimen may hold promise as a safe and effective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Automatic Tone Assessment of Non-Native Mandarin Speakers

In this paper, we discuss the methods used to assess non-native Mandarin speakers’ tone automatically. A context-dependent syllable-level tone modeling method for tone assessment is proposed. A direct comparison between a speaker’s contours and ideal contours in energy and pitch using a syllable-level normalization technique provides a strong prediction of the speaker’s tone as rated by humans. By combining features from energy and pitch with other features such as duration and spectral likelihoods at the phoneme level, we achieved a human-machine correlation coefﬁcient of 0 . 77 at the response level and 0 . 85 at the participant level. As a comparison, the correlation coefﬁcient between human raters was 0 . 66 at the response level. The results support both the new proposed method and also the use of Read Aloud as a task to assess non-native Mandarin speaker’s tone automatically.