Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abilities in Romantic Relationships and Well-Being Among Emerging Adults

ABSTRACT The psychological well-being of emerging-adult college students may relate to their success in romantic relationships. One hundred forty-five emerging-adult undergraduate students (117 women, 28 men) completed an online questionnaire about their attachment style, dating anxiety, fear of being single, self-efficacy, subjective happiness, self-esteem, and psychological distress. Low attachment anxiety and social distress in group dating situations and high levels of self-efficacy in romantic relationships predicted happiness. Low attachment anxiety and high self-efficacy predicted low psychological distress. Less fear of negative evaluation from a dating partner and high self-efficacy in romantic relationships predicted self-esteem. Given the findings of self-efficacy in romantic relationships on well-being, relationship education is recommended.
Direct Numerical Simulation and Theories of Wall Turbulence with a Range of Pressure Gradients

A new Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of Couette-Poiseuille flow at a higher Reynolds number is presented and compared with DNS of other wall-bounded flows. It is analyzed in terms of testing semi-theoretical proposals for universal behavior of the velocity, mixing length, or eddy viscosity in pressure gradients, and in terms of assessing the accuracy of two turbulence models. These models are used in two modes, the traditional one with only a dependence on the wall-normal coordinate y, and a newer one in which a lateral dependence on z is added. For pure Couette flow and the Couette-Poiseuille case considered here, this z-dependence allows some models to generate steady streamwise vortices, which generally improves the agreement with DNS and experiment. On the other hand, it complicates the comparison between DNS and models.
Peroxisomes support human herpesvirus 8 latency by stabilizing the viral oncogenic protein vFLIP via the MAVS-TRAF complex

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is causally related to human malignancies. HHV-8 latent viral FLICE-inhibitory protein (vFLIP) is a viral oncoprotein that is linked to pathogenesis, but how its expression is regulated is largely unknown. In an attempt to understand the role of the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) adaptor in HHV-8 infection, we discovered that vFLIP expression was post-translationally up-regulated by the MAVS signaling complex on peroxisomes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that vFLIP could be targeted to the peroxisomes, where it was oncogenically active, in a PEX19-dependent manner. Targeted disruption of vFLIP and MAVS interaction resulted in a decrease in vFLIP expression and selectively promoted death of latently HHV-8-infected cells, providing therapeutic potential for treating HHV-8 diseases. Collectively, our experimental results suggest novel involvement of peroxisomes and MAVS in the stabilization of vFLIP and thereby in the establishment or maintenance of HHV-8 latency and associated pathogenesis.
Simian Virus 40 T / t Antigens and Lamin A / C Small Interfering RNA Rescue the Phenotype of an Epstein-Barr Virus Protein Kinase ( BGLF 4 ) Mutant

Simian Virus 40 T/t Antigens and Lamin A/C Small Interfering RNA Rescue the Phenotype of an Epstein-Barr Virus Protein Kinase (BGLF4) Mutant Qiao Meng, Stacy R. Hagemeier, Chad V. Kuny, Robert F. Kalejta, and Shannon C. Kenney* Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research and School of Medicine and Public Health, and Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Effect of Neulen Ti plate on hinge side bone healing in unilateral open-door cervical expansion laminoplasty : a preliminary report on 26 cases with short follow-up

This comparative study aimed to evaluate the effect of internal fixation with a Neulen Ti plate toward the hinge side bone healing (HSBH) in unilateral open-door laminoplasty for cervical expansion. A total of 56 patients underwent unilateral open-door cervical expansion laminoplasty to treat cervical stenosis, of whom 26 underwent Neulen Ti plate internal fixation (Neulen group) and 30 underwent traditional suspension fixation (suspension group). Axial computed tomography images taken 3 and 6 months after the operation were used to evaluate the status of HSBH. Three months after the operation, the HSBH rate in the Neulen group was 76.1%, while that in the suspension group was 55.9%, a difference that was statistically significant. Six months after the operation, the HSBH rate was 90.6% in the Neulen group and 88.3% in the suspension group, but the difference was not statistically significant. During the follow-up period, there was no Ti plate shift or closure phenomenon in the Neulen group, while 8.3% cases in the suspension group had a decreased open-door width. Use of the Neulen Ti plate effectively prevented the closure phenomenon and promoted HSBH; this resulted in spinal expansion that helped to achieve the stable state sooner.
Large time unimodality for classical and freeBrownian motions with initial distributions

We prove that classical and free Brownian motions with initial distributions are unimodal for sufficiently large time, under some assumption on the initial distributions. The assumption is almost optimal in some sense. Similar results are shown for a symmetric stable process with index 1 and a positive stable process with index $1/2$. We also prove that free Brownian motion with initial symmetric unimodal distribution is unimodal, and discuss strong unimodality for free convolution.
Mechanisms controlling the guidance of thalamocortical axons through the embryonic forebrain

Thalamocortical axons must cross a complex cellular terrain through the developing forebrain, and this terrain has to be understood for us to learn how thalamocortical axons reach their destinations. Selective fasciculation, guidepost cells and various diencephalic and telencephalic gradients have been implicated in thalamocortical guidance. As our understanding of the relevant forebrain patterns has increased, so has our knowledge of the guidance mechanisms. Our aim here is to review recent observations of cellular and molecular mechanisms related to: the growth of thalamofugal projections to the ventral telencephalon, thalamic axon avoidance of the hypothalamus and extension into the telencephalon to form the internal capsule, the crossing of the pallial–subpallial boundary, and the growth towards the cerebral cortex. We shall review current theories for the explanation of the maintenance and alteration of topographic order in the thalamocortical projections to the cortex. It is now increasingly clear that several mechanisms are involved at different stages of thalamocortical development, and each contributes substantially to the eventual outcome. Revealing the molecular and cellular mechanisms can help to link specific genes to details of actual developmental mechanisms.
How Artificial Intelligence Can Improve Our Understanding of the Genes Associated with Endometriosis: Natural Language Processing of the PubMed Database

Endometriosis is a disease characterized by the development of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, but its cause remains largely unknown. Numerous genes have been studied and proposed to help explain its pathogenesis. However, the large number of these candidate genes has made functional validation through experimental methodologies nearly impossible. Computational methods could provide a useful alternative for prioritizing those most likely to be susceptibility genes. Using artificial intelligence applied to text mining, this study analyzed the genes involved in the pathogenesis, development, and progression of endometriosis. The data extraction by text mining of the endometriosis-related genes in the PubMed database was based on natural language processing, and the data were filtered to remove false positives. Using data from the text mining and gene network information as input for the web-based tool, 15,207 endometriosis-related genes were ranked according to their score in the database. Characterization of the filtered gene set through gene ontology, pathway, and network analysis provided information about the numerous mechanisms hypothesized to be responsible for the establishment of ectopic endometrial tissue, as well as the migration, implantation, survival, and proliferation of ectopic endometrial cells. Finally, the human genome was scanned through various databases using filtered genes as a seed to determine novel genes that might also be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis but which have not yet been characterized. These genes could be promising candidates to serve as useful diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the management of endometriosis.
Complete field descriptions in three-dimensional multiple scattering problems: a transfer-matrix approach

We illustrate that a recently formulated recursive transfer matrix method can be used to reliably calculate the electromagnetic fields throughout three-dimensional systems of strongly scattering spheres, and/or coated spheres. The exceptional features of our technique are its particularly stable and reliable numeric implementations. In this work, we present new self-consistent formulae which permit the verification of the numerical stability at any stage of the calculations, and which ensure the satisfaction of the underlying multiple scattering equations for an arbitrary incident wave.
Deep learning for conflicting statements detection in text

9 Background. Automatic contradiction detection or conflicting statements detection in text consists of identifying discrepancy, inconsistency and defiance in text and has several real world applications in questions and answering systems, multi-document summarization, dispute detection and finder in news, and detection of contradictions in opinions and sentiments on social media. Automatic contradiction detection is a technically challenging natural language processing problem. Contradiction detection between sources of text or two sentence pairs can be framed as a classification problem. 10
Neural data science: accelerating the experiment-analysis-theory cycle in large-scale neuroscience

Modern large - scale multineuronal recording methodologies, including multielectrode arrays, calcium imaging, and optogenetic techniques, produce single - neuron resolution data of a magnitude and precision that were the realm of science fiction twenty years ago. The major bottlenecks in systems and circuit neuroscience no longer lie in simply collecting data from large neural populations, but also in understanding this data: developing novel scientific questions, with corresponding analysis techniques and experimental designs to fully harness these new capabilities and meaningfully interrogate these questions. Advances in methods for signal processing, network analysis, dimensionality reduction, and optimal control – developed in lockstep with advances in experimental neurotechnology - - promise major breakthroughs in multiple fundamental neuroscience problems. These trends are clear in a broad array of subfields of modern neuroscience; this review focuses on recent advances in methods for analyzing neural time - series data with single - neuronal precision. Figure 1. The central role of data science in modern large - scale neuroscience. Topics reviewed herein are indicated in black.
PTEN-Induced Kinase 1 Regulates Mitochondrial Integrity and Insulin Secretion in Mouse Pancreatic β – Cells

PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) is linked to recessive familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). PINK1 and Parkin (a PD-linked ubiquitin ligase) regulate mitochondrial quality control by promoting the degradation of depolarized mitochondria via mitophagy. In addition, PINK1 stimulates macro-autophagy (autophagy) by binding to Beclin-1. Mice and cells lacking PINK1 develop multiple mitochondrial defects that may be mediated by oxidative stress and abnormal mitophagy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also implicated in the pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes (T2D), and several etiologic studies have shown a link between T2D and PD. Here we investigated the effects of PINK1 ablation on mitochondrial morphology and autophagy in mouse pancreatic β-cells. In addition, we studied how PINK1 deficiency and over-expression affects glucosestimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic islets and MIN6 pancreatic β-cells. We show that loss of PINK1 in mice leads to mitochondrial enlargement/swelling in β-cells accompanied by an accumulation of autophagosomes and ubiquitinated protein inclusions. PINK1 deficiency impairs GSIS but not insulin production in pancreatic islets, while over-expression of PINK1 in MIN6 β-cells increases GSIS. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that a familial PD-linked protein regulates mitochondrial integrity and GSIS in pancreatic β-cells. Our results provide a possible mechanistic explanation for the link between T2D and PD and implicate PINK1 as a risk factor in the development of diabetes. Through its ability to regulate mitochondrial quality control and GSIS in pancreatic β-cells PINK1 may be explored as a novel target for the treatment of T2D.
Edit Probability for Scene Text Recognition

We consider the scene text recognition problem under the attention-based encoder-decoder framework, which is the state of the art. The existing methods usually employ a frame-wise maximal likelihood loss to optimize the models. When we train the model, the misalignment between the ground truth strings and the attention's output sequences of probability distribution, which is caused by missing or superfluous characters, will confuse and mislead the training process, and consequently make the training costly and degrade the recognition accuracy. To handle this problem, we propose a novel method called edit probability (EP) for scene text recognition. EP tries to effectively estimate the probability of generating a string from the output sequence of probability distribution conditioned on the input image, while considering the possible occurrences of missing/superfluous characters. The advantage lies in that the training process can focus on the missing, superfluous and unrecognized characters, and thus the impact of the misalignment problem can be alleviated or even overcome. We conduct extensive experiments on standard benchmarks, including the IIIT-5K, Street View Text and ICDAR datasets. Experimental results show that the EP can substantially boost scene text recognition performance.
Further studies on acquired resistance to amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Trials were designed to test the efficacy of freshwater treatments for amoebic gill disease (AGD) of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. , and the effect they had on the acquisition of resistance to reinfection with AGD. The first trial involved fish being given an industry-simulated freshwater bath of 2-3 h duration which simulated treatments given on farms. These fish did not display appreciable resistance to reinfection. The second trial involved four groups of fish which had been infected with and treated for AGD in a number of different ways. Once again the fish that had been infected for the first time and given a single 2-3 h freshwater bath and then re-exposed did not exhibit appreciable resistance to reinfection. In contrast, those fish that had been given a second 2-3 h freshwater bath and those that had been maintained in freshwater for 4 weeks displayed high levels of resistance. There is preliminary evidence to suggest that this resistance could be related to stimulation of the non-specific immune system.
ELF Encounters in Migrants’ Forums: Communication Management Across Cultures

The present study investigates the strategies that migrants can adopt to ask for help and express their views in English as a Lingua Franca. On the basis of the exchanges between migrants of various nationalities and in different locations, a framework is proposed with the twofold aim of outlining the structure and discursive moves of migrants’ postings and analyzing the interactional dynamics which may turn a mixed group of nationals into a goal-oriented community of practice (House, 2003). The migrants participating in discussion forums rely on the experience of other users to obtain additional information and solve their problems. This prominent goal is manifest in the survey of the discussion threads, from nationalization documents to job hunt, including lawful residence, citizenship tests, application forms and many others. The transactional metafunction is, however, entwined with the interactional one (Brown and Yule, 1983) as feelings of anger, frustration, relief, joy, gratitude are in turn expressed by the forum users. In light of the “entailment” paradigm advanced by Firth (2009), that is “the inherent interactional and linguistic variability that lingua franca interactions entail”, the analysis focuses on the affective connotations of lexical choices and interactional markers, as well as the dialectics between potentially disruptive language behaviour and consensus-seeking pragmatic strategies. The migrants’ forum Trackitt ( ) is contrasted with a British expatriates’ forum ( ) in order to ascertain to what extent the pragmatic features of the former can be realistically associated with an ELF use rather than with the genre (i.e. forum discussion) and the subject (i.e. migrants’ queries) under examination.
A Bayesian approach to errors-in-variables beta regression

Abstract. Beta regression models have been widely used for the analysis of limited-range continuous variables. Here, we consider an extension of the beta regression models that allows for explanatory variables to be measured with error. Then we propose a Bayesian treatment for errors-in-variables beta regression models. The specification of prior distributions is discussed, computational implementation via Gibbs sampling is provided, and two real data applications are presented. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach.
Impact of presumed service-connected diagnosis on the Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare utilization patterns of Vietnam-Theater Veterans

Abstract During the Vietnam War, the US military sprayed almost 20 million gallons of Agent Orange (AO), an herbicide contaminated with dioxin, over Vietnam. Approximately, 2.7 million US military personnel may have been exposed to AO during their deployment. Ordinarily, veterans who can demonstrate a nexus between a diagnosed condition and military service are eligible for Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) service-connected disability compensation. Vietnam Veterans have had difficulty, however, establishing a nexus between AO exposure and certain medical conditions that developed many years after the war. In response, VA has designated certain conditions as “presumed service connected” for Vietnam Veterans who were present and possibly exposed. Veterans with any of these designated conditions do not have to document AO exposure, making it easier for them to access the VA disability system. The extent to which VA healthcare utilization patterns reflect easier access afforded those with diagnosed presumptive conditions remains unknown. In this cross-sectional study, we hypothesized that Vietnam Veterans with diagnosed presumptive conditions would be heavier users of the VA healthcare system than those without these conditions. In our analysis of 85,699 Vietnam Veterans, we used binary and cumulative logit multivariable regression to assess associations between diagnosed presumptive conditions and VA healthcare utilization in 2013. We found that diagnosed presumptive conditions were associated with higher odds of 5+ VHA primary care visits (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.93–2.07), 5+ specialty care visits (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 2.04–2.18), emergency department use (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11–1.34), and hospitalization (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.17–1.29). Consistent with legislative intent, presumptive policies appear to facilitate greater VA system utilization for Vietnam Veterans who may have been exposed to AO.
The effects of short term detraining and retraining on physical fitness in elite soccer players

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic high-intensity training with reduced volume and training cessation on body composition and physical fitness after the end of season and the time required to recapture physical fitness with intensified retraining following two weeks of detraining in elite soccer players. Method Twenty male semi-professional soccer players participated in this study. The soccer players were assigned to either a group that completed high-intensity aerobic training (HAT, n = 10) or to a detraining and retraining group (DHAT, n = 10) for a 5-week period immediately after the end of the season. The first 2 weeks of the period, members of the HAT group performed high-intensity aerobic exercise (80–90% of HRmax, 12 min × 3, three times per week), whereas members of the DHAT group abstained from any physical activity. During the subsequent 3 weeks, members of both the HAT and DHAT groups completed high-intensity aerobic exercise. Exercise performance testing and body composition analysis were performed before; after 2 weeks of detraining; and at 1, 2 and 3 weeks of retraining. Results Intensified high-intensity training for 5 weeks maintained the performance in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 test (Yo-Yo IR2) and repeated sprints at any time point (P > 0.05). However 2 weeks of detraining resulted in significant decreases in the performance on the Yo-Yo IR2 (P < 0.01) and repeated sprints test (P < 0.05). Performance on the Yo-Yo IR2 enhanced after 2 weeks of retraining and was maintained up to 3 weeks after retraining, with no significant differences between conditions (P > 0.05). In addition, repeated sprint performance markedly decreased after the detraining period (P < 0.05) and was continuously lower compared to the baseline at 2 weeks after retraining (P < 0.05). Furthermore, this value reached baseline level at the end of the experimental period (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between conditions in body composition, performance of agility, or sprint ability throughout the 5-week experimental period (P > 0.05). Conclusions The present data suggest that short-term detraining after the competitive season can markedly decrease performances in the Yo-Yo IR2 test and repeated sprints. To return to a previous level of ability on the Yo-Yo IR2 and/or sprint test with retraining through high-intensity aerobic training after a period of detraining, a similar or longer period of retraining is required. However, the high-intensity training with reduced amount of training after competitive season can prevent reductions in physical fitness.
Jihadi Radicalization of Muslim Clerics

This paper explains why some Muslim clerics adopt the ideology of militant Jihad while others do not. I argue that clerics strategically adopt or reject Jihadi ideology because of career incentives generated by the structure of cleric educational networks. Well-connected clerics enjoy substantial success at pursuing comfortable careers within state-run religious institutions and they reject Jihadi ideology in exchange for continued material support from the state. Clerics with poor educational networks cannot rely on connections to advance through the state-run institutions, so many pursue careers outside of the system by appealing directly to lay audiences for support. These clerics are more likely to adopt Jihadi ideology because it helps them demonstrate to potential supporters that they have not been theologically coopted by political elites. I provide evidence of these dynamics by collecting and analyzing 29,430 fatwas, articles, and books written by 91 contemporary clerics. Using statistical natural language processing, I measure the extent to which each cleric adopts Jihadi ideology in their writing. I combine this with biographical and network information about each cleric to trace the process by which poorly-connected clerics become more likely to adopt Jihadi ideology.