Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Achalasia-induced left atrial compression diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography.

A 61-year-old man with a history of chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction underwent liver, small-bowel, and pancreas transplant. A computed tomographic scan performed 2 months prior revealed a severely dilated esophagus with layering food particles consistent with achalasia (Fig. 1). Despite this finding, a transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) probe was placed into the midesophagus (ME) without resistance for hemodynamic monitoring. Before probe placement, the stomach was suctioned with an oral-gastric tube and yielded 600 mL bilious fluid. His predissection TEE examination was essentially normal (Fig. 2). Approximately 3 hours into the preanhepatic dissection, his systolic blood pressure decreased steadily over 10 minutes to 60 to 70 mm Hg. Significant hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure 30 – 40 mm Hg) and tachycardia (heart rate 90 bpm) continued despite fluid boluses, phenylephrine, and retractor adjustment. TEE examination of the ME 2-chamber (2C) and ME 4-chamber (4C) views showed a 4 5 cm mass between the aorta and the left atrium (LA) at the level of the pulmonary veins with near complete obliteration of the LA (Figs. 2 and 3) (Video 1, see Supplementary Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/AA/A279; see Appendix for video captions). The mass appeared to have an air-fluid level (Video 2, see Supplementary Digital Content 2, http://links.lww.com/AA/A280). Because of mass encroachment of the LA, TEE visualization of the left upper pulmonary vein or right upper pulmonary vein was not possible. Color Doppler analysis of the mitral valve in the ME 4C, ME 2C, and ME long-axis (LAX) views did not reveal any significant mitral regurgitation. Intraoperative endoscopy revealed a massively dilated esophagus (40 cm) consistent with achalasia and several large food particles. Based on the TEE findings, the subcostal retractors were removed and abdominal contents returned to their anatomic positions. Shortly after this maneuver, the LA returned to normal size and appearance on TEE examination (Video 3, see Supplementary Digital Content 3, http://links.lww.com/AA/A281). Pulmonary vein flow obtained with pulse-wave Doppler in the left upper pulmonary vein was systolic dominant and the patient was easily weaned off vasopressors. Revascularization of the organs was successful. The TEE probe was removed without difficulty and was clear of debris.
Impact of acoustical voice activity detection on spontaneous filled pause classification

Filled pause detection is imperative for spontaneous speech recognition as it may degrade speech recognition rate. However, filled pause is commonly confused with elongation as they shared the same acoustical properties. Few attempts of classifying filled pause and elongation employed Hidden Markov model. Our proposed method of utilizing Neural Network as a classifier achieved 96% precision rate. We also proved that voice activity detection (VAD) affects the performance of speech recognition. Three acoustical-based VAD are compared and the best precision rate is achieved by incorporating volume and first-order difference features. Experiments are conducted using Malay language spontaneous speeches of Malaysia Parliamentary Debate sessions.
A pilot study towards end-to-end MT training

Typical MT training involves several stages, including word alignment, rule extraction, translation model estimation, and parameter tuning. In this paper, different from the traditional pipeline, we investigate the possibility of end-to-end MT training, and propose a framework which combines rule induction and parameter tuning in one single module. Preliminary experiments show that our learned model achieves comparable translation quality to the traditional MT training pipeline.
Two-dimensional filter to facilitate detection of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions

This paper implements a filtering technique to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and, in turn, the detection of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE's), generated by healthy human cochlea. One can increase the SNR by compiling an image of recorded TEOAE from more than one stimulus intensity, averaged over a few sweeps, which can be further processed by means of two-dimensional spatial mean filters. Averaging some 60 sweeps recorded to stimuli at several intensity levels requires one-forth of the collection time needed for a classical set of responses (average of 260 sweeps), and obtains approximately the same final SNR. The relation between the performances of the proposed technique and the SNR of the rapidly acquired responses before filtering is also investigated.
Compensating anisotropy in histological serial sections with optical flow-based interpolation

Histological serial sections allow for 3D representation of anatomical structures in microscopic to mesoscopic range. However, due to the nature of the acquisition, they suffer from severe anisotropy: 14-to-1 in a single average microscopic paraffin section. We present an interpolation method based on optical flow and show that standard interpolation methods are less suited for serial sections. With our non-linear interpolation approach we are able to represent the "movement" of image parts that are of interest. This allows for better 3D reconstructions and further insights in microanatomy.
Mortality in the 4-year trial of tiotropium (UPLIFT) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

RATIONALE In the 4-year UPLIFT trial, tiotropium improved lung function and health-related quality of life and decreased exacerbations compared with usual respiratory medications except inhaled anticholinergics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mortality and its causes was a secondary endpoint in UPLIFT. OBJECTIVES We describe the effect of tiotropium on survival and analyze differences between mortality during treatment and during follow-up of discontinued patients. METHODS This study involved a randomized, double-blind trial comparing tiotropium with placebo in patients with COPD (>or=40 yr of age; postbronchodilator FEV(1) <or=70%; FEV(1)/FVC <or=70%). Mortality was evaluated during treatment and with follow-up of discontinued patients. Cause of death was adjudicated by an endpoint committee. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 5,993 patients were randomized, 3,006 to placebo and 2,987 to tiotropium. While patients were receiving treatment, there were 792 deaths, with a lower risk in the tiotropium group (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.97). Statistical significance was observed at the end of the protocol-defined treatment period (P = 0.034) but not 30 days thereafter (P = 0.086). Adjustment by GOLD stage, sex, age, baseline smoking behavior, and baseline respiratory medications subgroups did not alter the results of the analysis. The most common causes of death adjudicated by an independent end-point committee were lower respiratory, cancer, general disorders, and cardiac disorders. The hazard ratios for lower respiratory and cardiac mortality during treatment were 0.86 (95% CI, 0.68-1.09) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75-0.99), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with tiotropium over 4 years is associated with decreased mortality, with the effect being most prominent in the cardiac and respiratory systems.
Right-to-left LSTM Summarization Multitask Encoder / Decoder Dependency Trees Right-to-left LSTM Summarization

In this work, we present a compact, modular framework for constructing new recurrent neural architectures. Our basic module is a new generic unit, the Transition Based Recurrent Unit (TBRU). In addition to hidden layer activations, TBRUs have discrete state dynamics that allow network connections to be built dynamically as a function of intermediate activations. By connecting multiple TBRUs, we can extend and combine commonly used architectures such as sequence-tosequence, attention mechanisms, and recursive tree-structured models. A TBRU can also serve as both an encoder for downstream tasks and as a decoder for its own task simultaneously, resulting in more accurate multi-task learning. We call our approach Dynamic Recurrent Acyclic Graphical Neural Networks, or DRAGNN. We show that DRAGNN is significantly more accurate and efficient than seq2seq with attention for syntactic dependency parsing and yields more accurate multi-task learning for extractive summarization tasks.
CURE: CLUSTERING ON SEQUENTIAL DATA FOR WEB PERSONALIZATION: TESTS AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

CURE: CLUSTERING ON SEQUENTIAL DATA FOR WEB PERSONALIZATION: TESTS AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS K. Santhisree, and A. Damodaram Department of Computer Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad E-mail: Santhisree.k@jntuh.ac. in, E-mail: damodaram@rediffmail.com The world wide web is full of multi-disciplinary data for knowledge data discovery research. In this paper we present CURE (Clustering usage Representatives) algorithm to find clusters on a web usage data. We adopted data from MSNBC.COM website which is a free news data website with different categories of news and subjects. After generating the clusters by CURE algorithm, average of inter cluster and intra cluster are calculated and the results are compared with different similarity measures like Euclidean, Jaccard, projected Euclidean, cosine and fuzzy similarity. Finally behavior of clusters that made by CURE algorithm showed on a sequential data in a web usage domain with quantify our results by the way of explanations and list conclusions.
Current concepts of internal fixation of fractures.

Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for spending the time, it will increase the knowledge. Of course the b=benefits to take will relate to what kind of book that you are reading. And now, we will concern you to try reading current concepts of internal fixation of fractures as one of the reading material to finish quickly.
Complex Cognitive Disruption in Motor Neuron Disease

We describe 14 patients having been diagnosed as suffering from motor neuron disease (MND). These patients underwent a detailed and sequential neuropsychological evaluation, with particular care of neurolinguistic assessment. Their results have been compared to those obtained by a group of healthy volunteers. The most obvious disclosure was the finding of 4 cases of frontal dementia in the MND group. Apart from that, we demonstrated subtle though evident frontal disruption signs, evidenced by an alteration in language planning, language comprehension, morphosyntactic operations, planning, attention deficit, and abstract reasoning disturbances which got worse during the 15 months of follow-up in all the other subjects. We suggest that a specific and sensitive neurolinguistic and neuropsychological test battery could detect signs of disruption of cognition present even in the sporadic form of MND. We discuss the results with a review of the literature.
Impact of Gene Annotation on RNA-seq Data Analysis

RNA-seq has become increasingly popular in transcriptome profiling. One of the major challenges in RNA-seq data analysis is the accurate mapping of junction reads to their genomic origins. To detect splicing sites in short reads, many RNA-seq aligners use reference transcriptome to inform placement of junction reads. However, no systematic evaluation has been performed to assess or quantify the benefits of incorporating reference transcriptome in mapping RNA-seq reads. Meanwhile, there exist multiple human genome annotation databases, including RefGene (RefSeq Gene), Ensembl, and the UCSC annotation database. The impact of the choice of an annotation on estimating gene expression remains insufficiently investigated. In this chapter, we systematically characterized the impact of genome annotation choice on read mapping and gene quantification by analyzing a RNA-seq dataset generated by Illumina’s Human Body Map 2.0 Project. The impact of a gene model on mapping of non-junction reads is different from junction reads. We demonstrated that the choice of a gene model has a dramatic effect on both gene quantification and differential analysis. Our research will help RNA-seq data analysts to make an informed choice of gene model in practical RNA-seq data analysis.
Accelerated vibration reliability testing of electronic assemblies using sine dwell with resonance tracking

In this work a sinusoidal vibration test method with resonance tracking is employed for reliability testing of circuit assemblies. The system continuously monitors for changes in the resonant frequency of the circuit board and adjusts the excitation frequency to match the resonant frequency. The test setup includes an electrodynamic shaker with a real-time vibration control, resistance monitoring for identifying electrical failures of interconnects, and vibration logging for monitoring changes in the dynamic response of the assembly over time. Reliability tests were performed using both the resonance tracking sinusoidal test method and the traditional fixed-frequency method for assemblies, each consisting of a centrally mounted BGA device assembled with SAC305 solder. These tests show that the resonance tracking method gives more consistent failure times than the fixed frequency method. Failure analysis for the tested devices shows the primary failure mode is trace failure with evidence of solder fatigue. A finite element model, correlated with experimental modal analysis, is shown to accurately estimate the circuit board deflection estimated from the harmonic vibration data. This provides a means of estimating the stresses in the electronic interconnections while for accounting for the variability between test parts. These fine-tuned vibration measurement techniques and related finite element models provide the building blocks for high cycle solder fatigue plots (i.e., S-N curves).
Microstrip Open-Slot Antenna With Broadband Circular Polarization and Impedance Bandwidth

A design with broadband and circularly polarized radiation from an open-slot antenna has been successfully demonstrated in this communication. The proposed antenna, which consists of an open slot and a patch-protruded feeding topology, provides a large bandwidth, which covers the operation bandwidth of a satellite digital audio radio service system. The open slot is formed by an L-shape conducted strip asymmetrically connected at the edge of the ground plane. After optimization, the final structure, which measured 3-dB axial-ratio bandwidth for the left-hand circular polarization is 2.47 GHz (76%) from 2.00 to 4.47 GHz; meanwhile, the measured impedance bandwidth of a reflection coefficient less than -10 dB ranges from 1.22 to 5.97 GHz, a 4.75-GHz impedance bandwidth (133%).
Paxos Playground : a simulation to understand a replicated state machine implementation using Paxos

Paxos is probably the most well-known algorithm to achieve consensus. It is extremely popular and serves as one of the building blocks of many modern systems. Yet it is regarded as hard to understand and even harder to implement. This paper makes two contributions to foster a better understanding of the algorithm: 1. It introduces a new tool to visualize Paxos execution and simulate all possible scenarios. 2. It presents a suggested learning path (to be applied on the tool of point one) that fosters intuition by presenting the final system step by step, adding one feature at a time.
Frequency-Modulated Microwave Photonic Links with Direct Detection: Review and Theory

Abstract : This work is a theoretical study of microwave photonic links which use optical frequency modulation (FM) and filter-slope discrimination for demodulation. The high modulation efficiency of optical FM devices is attractive for achieving low noise-figure links, but linear demodulation of the signals is also desired. In order to design discriminators which produce low distortion, this paper presents general full-signal and small-signal models of the effects of arbitrary optical filtering on an FM link, including the interaction between FM and residual IM. The small signal model is used to derive figures of merit for the linearity, noise and dynamic range of the FM links. The results of the models invalidate a common assumption: that linear FM to IM discrimination is possible. Instead, the discrimination must be from FM to amplitude modulation of the electric field for the link response to be linear. The linearity of links using two different sets of FIR discriminator filters, designed using the minimax relative error and maximally linear criteria, are compared in order to evaluate the better design method. The evolution of link linearity with filter order is studied. The analytical models are compared to numerical simulations of the filters and the models are found to be consistent. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation is used to analyze the sensitivity to errors in fabrication for high-order filters realized in planar lightwave circuits (PLC) with a lattice filter architecture.
Mantle transition zone thickness beneath Cameroon: evidence for an upper mantle origin for the Cameroon Volcanic Line

SUMMARY The thickness of the mantle transition zone beneath Cameroon has been mapped using data from the 2005–2007 Cameroon Broadband Seismic Experiment to evaluate models for the originof the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL). Some 2200 receiver functions have been stacked using a 3-D velocity model, revealing Ps conversions from the mantle transition zone discontinuities at depths of ∼410 and 660 km. Results yield a nearly uniform transition zone thickness (251 ± 10 km) that is similar to the global average, implying that any thermal anomalies in the upper mantle beneath the CVL do not extend as deep as the transition zone. This finding, when combined with regional P and S velocity models of the mantle, supports an explanation attributing the origin of the CVL to upper mantle processes such as an edge flow convection cell in the upper mantle along the northwestern side of the Congo Craton lithosphere.
Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor binds to a negative regulatory region in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) contains a negative regulatory element (NRE) which downregulates the rate of LTR-directed transcription and HIV-1 replication. Within the NRE is a GGTCA palindrome, which binds a possible member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Mutation of this site leads to an increase in LTR-directed transcriptional activity compared with the wild type, consistent with the element's being a functional part of the NRE. The palindrome contains significant identity to the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter (COUP) element to which COUP transcription factors (COUP-TFs), members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily, bind. We demonstrate here that human COUP-TFs can bind specifically to this HIV-1 COUP-like element in a manner identical to binding to ovalbumin COUP. We show that the predominant COUP-TF family member synthesized in T cells is the 68-kDa form, which is likely to be responsible for any in vivo function of the HIV-1 COUP-like element in these cells. Finally, we have identified three HIV-1 variant strains that contain mutations in the HIV-1 COUP-like element which affect the binding affinity of COUP-TF for these variant COUP elements.
Direct kinematic analysis of a heavy-payload forging manipulator in the grasping stage

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the direct kinematic analysis of a heavy-payload forging manipulator. In the grasping stage, the manipulator is equivalent to a 3-DOF under-actuated mechanism. In order to deal with the direct position kinematics of the under-actuated mechanism, the analysis is performed in two steps. Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyzes the direct position kinematics of the 3-DOF under-actuated mechanism as follows: first, the authors add a virtual constraint on the mechanism, convert it to a 2-DOF fully actuated mechanism and calculate the direct kinematics of the constrained mechanism. Then, the constraint is applied to many different positions and the corresponding direct kinematics of the constrained mechanism are calculated, respectively. Finally, the mechanism with lower gravitational potential energy than any other constrained mechanism is chosen, and its direct position is what is needed for the 3-DOF underactuated mechanism. Findings – The paper provides a solution for the direct kinematic analysis of a heavy-payload forging manipulator in the grasping stage. Furthermore, the simulation and experiment results confirm the effectiveness of the solution. Originality/value – The paper proposes a methodology to deal with the direct position kinematics of the 3-DOF under-actuated mechanism in two steps.
Signalling games: Hoe evolutie optimale strategieen selecteert

Als filosofie de rechtvaardiging van kennis is, dan is een van de onderwerpen waar zij zich mee bezig kan1 houden de empirie. Kan empirie echter ook filosofische principes rechtvaardigen? In ons onderzoek gebruiken we simulatie, een vorm van empirie, om een tot nu toe onbewezen2 theorie uit de taalfilosofie te testen. Een van de fundamenten van theorieen over taal is een verklaring voor het ontstaan en de groei van taal. Omdat historisch onderzoek nauwelijks mogelijk is, zijn deze theorieen vrijwel niet te toetsen. Over het algemeen wordt aangenomen dat taal ontstaan is door het koppelen van signalen aan betekenissen en andersom. De vraag is alleen hoe dit gelukt is. Een taalloze populatie kan immers geen afspraken maken over het ontwikkelen van een taal. Een individu kan wel een bepaald signaal (geluid) produceren in een bepaalde situatie. Dit signaal is dan zijn uiting van de situatie, maar deze ”taal” is nog individueel. Zijn er wetmatigheden aan te wijzen in het ontstaan van een gemeenschappelijke taal? Een voorbeeld van een wetmatigheid in taalontwikkeling is de regel van Horn.
Synthesis, cytotoxicity and antitumour mechanism investigations of polyoxometalate doped silica nanospheres on breast cancer MCF-7 cells

Polyoxometalates (POMs) have shown the potential anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-tumor activities. In order to improve their physiological stability and antitumour activity for medical application, K2Na[AsIIIMo6O21(O2CCH2NH3)3]·6H2O doped silica nanospheres (POM@SiO2) with diameters of ~40 nm have been synthesized by the water-in-oil microemulsion method in this study. The obtained spheres were morphologically uniform nanosized and nearly monodispersed in solution. The nanoparticles had high entrapment efficiency, which was upto 46.2% by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis and POMs slowly released from the nanospheres both in the PH 7.4 and 5.5 phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solutions in 60 h. The in vitro MTT assays of particles on MCF-7 cell line (a human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) exhibited enhanced antitumor activity compared to that of plain polyoxometalate. The IC50 value of the POM@SiO2 nanoparticles was 40.0 μg/mL at 24 h calculated by the encapsulated POM concentration, which was much lower comparing to that of 2.0 × 104 μg/mL according to the pure POM. And the SiO2 shells showed low inhibitory effect at the corresponding concentration. Confocal images further indicated the cell morphology changes and necrosis. Flow cytometric analysis showed nanoparticles induced the apoptosis by arresting the cells in S phase and western blot analysis indicated they promoted apoptosis by inhibiting the Bcl-2 protein. Moreover, the study of interactions between human serum albumin (HSA) and the nanoparticles indicated the fluorescence quenching was static, and the nanoparticles were likely to bind to HSA and changed its conformation.