Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Plugging of the Horizontal Semicircular Canal With Reversible Canal Dysfunction and Recovery of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials

Objective To evaluate the clinical pathophysiology of oculomotor changes in a patient presenting with a spontaneous semicircular horizontal canal plug. Patient A 42-year-old man with acute spontaneous vertigo with spinning and persistent left-horizontal nystagmus, intensity but not direction dependent on head orientation with respect to gravity, indicating a benign paroxysmal positional vertigo due to otoconia causing a plug in the horizontal semicircular canal. Intervention Electrophysiological and video-oculographic testing; vestibular rehabilitation. Main Outcome Measures Cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs); video head impulse testing. Results The video head-impulse test revealed an eye velocity cutoff at 80°/s in the time interval from 40 to 90 ms after initiation of head impulses to the right. This normalized within 2 days after liberatory maneuvers, documenting for the first time a reversible deficiency of the cupular-endolymph high-frequency system dynamics. Cervical and ocular vestibular myogenic potentials were absent during stimulation of the affected side before the liberatory maneuvers but normalized within 30 to 80 days. Conclusion This case is special in 4 respects: 1) nystagmus intensity, but not direction, was dependent on head orientation with respect to gravity, indicating a horizontal canal plug; 2) VEMPs were asymmetrical before liberatory maneuvers; 3) VEMPs recovered after Day 30; and 4) video head-impulse test asymmetry recovered. These observations challenge the common belief that VEMPs are evoked by otolith stimulation only. Instead, the assumption of a reversible canal dysfunction by a plug offers a more plausible explanation for all effects.
Optogenetic feedback control of neural activity

Optogenetic techniques enable precise excitation and inhibition of firing in specified neuronal populations and artifact-free recording of firing activity. Several studies have suggested that optical stimulation provides the precision and dynamic range requisite for closed-loop neuronal control, but no approach yet permits feedback control of neuronal firing. Here we present the ‘optoclamp’, a feedback control technology that provides continuous, real-time adjustments of bidirectional optical stimulation in order to lock spiking activity at specified targets over timescales ranging from seconds to days. We demonstrate how this system can be used to decouple neuronal firing levels from ongoing changes in network excitability due to multi-hour periods of glutamatergic or GABAergic neurotransmission blockade in vitro as well as impinging vibrissal sensory drive in vivo. This technology enables continuous, precise optical control of firing in neuronal populations in order to disentangle causally related variables of circuit activation in a physiologically and ethologically relevant manner. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.07192. 001
Escherichia Lipopolysaccharide and Viable Escherichia coli Immune Responses against Adaptor Protein Is Critical for Early Lung Toll-IL-1 Receptor Domain-Containing

Pulmonary bacterial diseases are a leading cause of mortality in the U.S. Innate immune response is vital for bacterial clearance from the lung, and TLRs play a critical role in this process. Toll-IL-1R domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) is a key molecule in the TLR4 and 2 signaling. Despite its potential importance, the role of TIRAP-mediated signaling in lung responses has not been examined. Our goals were to determine the role of TIRAP-dependent signaling in the induction of lung innate immune responses against Escherichia coli LPS and viable E. coli , and in lung defense against E. coli in mice. LPS-induced neutrophil sequestration; NF- (cid:1) B translocation; keratinocyte cell-derived chemokine, MIP-2, TNF- (cid:2) , and IL-6 expression; histopathology; and VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression were abolished in the lungs of TIRAP (cid:3) / (cid:3) mice. A cell-permeable TIRAP blocking peptide attenuated LPS-induced lung responses. Furthermore, immune responses in the lungs of TIRAP (cid:3) / (cid:3) mice were attenuated against E. coli compared with TIRAP (cid:4) / (cid:4) mice. TIRAP (cid:3) / (cid:3) mice also had early mortality, higher bacterial burden in the lungs, and more bacterial dissemination following E. coli inoculation. Moreover, we used human alveolar macrophages to examine the role of TIRAP signaling in the human system. The TIRAP blocking peptide abolished LPS-induced TNF- (cid:2) , IL-6, and IL-8 expression in alveolar macrophages, whereas it attenuated E. coli induced expression of these cytokines and chemokines. Taken together, this is the ﬁrst study illustrating the crucial role of TIRAP in the generation of an effective early immune response against E. coli LPS and viable E. coli , and in lung defense against a bacterial pathogen. The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 175: 7484–7495. / (cid:1) mice, there was attenuated immune response to E. coli , and early mortality and higher bacterial burden in the lungs and spleen following intratracheal (i.t.) E. coli inoculation. To demonstrate the role of TIRAP signaling in the human system, we used primary human alveolar macrophages (AMs) and found that TIRAP signaling is critical to induce immune mediators by those cells in response to E. coli LPS and viable E. coli . These observations detail a heretofore unrecognized vital role for TIRAP-mediated signaling in innate immune responses in the lung against E. coli LPS and viable E. coli , and antibacterial defense against a clinically important pathogen. We speculate that these novel observations may have important impli-cations for modiﬁcation of host-injurious responses in the lung to Gram-negative bacteria and/or their products.
Pseudorandom shuffling in block ciphers combiners with smart card applications

Smart cards represent an effective tool for trustworthy portable storage of secret-keys and critical processes needed in many recent applications. We develop a more general Feistel network structure with pre- (or post-) pseudorandom shuffling of the plaintext before (or after, respectively) ciphering it using two reversibly key-linked block ciphers that is suitable for length increasing remotely keyed encryption. After discussing the security of the structure, introducing a novel pseudorandom binary sampling tree-based shuffling scheme, and considering the many advantages of reusability, we use this proposed universal ciphers combining structure for developing practical new ciphers reviving the DES and increasing the security of the AES. We finally present an extremely secure length increasing remotely keyed (smart card-based) encryption/decryption protocol allowing the use of a disposable one-time key for reliable long-term security.
Crew Workload Monitoring and Visualization Doctoral Dissertation Proposal

Crews of human operators controlling large, real-time systems such as ships, airplanes, nuclear power plants, space missions, air traffic, etc., are typically assigned responsibilities according to doctrine, standard operating procedure, and training. This study prototypes a software system for monitoring and visualizing crew workload to provide leaders, trainers, doctrine writers, and interface designers with an objective tool to rate their products and performance for optimality of workload division.
Instability of the Chaotic ENSO: The Growth-Phase Predictability Barrier

The local predictability of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is examined by the analysis of the evolution of small disturbances to an unstable 4.3-yr ENSO cycle in the Cane-Zebiak model forced by perpetual July conditions. The 4.3-yr cycle represents the dominant near-recurrent behavior in this weakly chaotic regime, so analysis of this single cycle gives useful insights into the dynamics of the irregular oscillation. Growing and neutral time-dependent eigenmodes of the unstable cycle are computed. Disturbance growth analyses based on these eigenmodes, and on singular vectors computed in the unstable-neutral subspace, suggest that there is a predictability barrier associated with the growth phase of El Nino conditions. This barrier arises because the growth mechanism for disturbances to the cycle is nearly the same as the growth mechanism for the El Nino conditions themselves. The local amplification of disturbances during the growth phase is several times greater than the eigenmode amplification associated with time-dependent (Floquet) normal-mode instability of the cycle. It is suggested that the existence of an ENSO predictability barrier tied to the growth phase of El Nino conditions is likely a robust result, independent of the particular model.
Reorganized and Compact DFA for Efficient Regular Expression Matching

Regular expression matching has become a critical yet challenging technique in content-aware network processing, such as application identification and deep inspection. To meet the requirement for processing heavy network traffic at line rate, Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) is widely used to accelerate regular expression matching at the expense of large memory usage. In this paper, we propose a DFA-based algorithm named RCDFA (Reorganized and Compact DFA), which dramatically reduces the memory usage while maintaining fast and deterministic lookup speed. Based on the dissection of real-life DFA tables, we observe that almost every state has multiple similar states, i.e. they share identical next-state transitions for most input characters. However, these similar states often distribute at nonadjacent positions in the original DFA table. RCDFA aims at reorganizing all similar states into adjacent entries, so that identical transitions become consecutive along the state dimension, then compresses the reorganized DFA table utilizing bitmap technique. Coupled with mapping along the character dimension, RCDFA is not only efficient in DFA compression, but also effective for hardware implementation. Experiment results show, RCDFA has superior performance in terms of high processing speed, low memory usage and short preprocessing time. RCDFA consistently achieves over 95% compression ratio for existing real-life rule sets. Implemented in a single Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA platform, RCDFA matching engine achieved 12Gbps throughput.
evaluation of elite athletes March 2009 Consensus Statement on periodic health The International Olympic Committee ( IOC )

http://bjsm.bmj. com/content/43/9/631.full. html Updated information and services can be found at: These include: References http://bjsm.bmj. com/content/43/9/631.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 104 articles, 31 of which can be accessed free at: service Email alerting box at the top right corner of the online article. Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up in the Topic collections (2907 articles) Obesity (public health)  (13324 articles) Health education  (16663 articles) Musculoskeletal syndromes  (2881 articles) Obesity (nutrition)  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections
Effect of CYP3A5 Expression on Vincristine Metabolism with Human Liver Microsomes

Vincristine is preferentially metabolized to a secondary amine, M1, by CYP3A5 with a 9- to 14-fold higher intrinsic clearance than CYP3A4 using cDNA-expressed enzymes. The genetically polymorphic expression of CYP3A5 may contribute to interindividual variability in vincristine efficacy and toxicity. The current study quantifies the contribution of cytochromes P450 (P450s), including CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, to vincristine metabolism with a bank of human liver microsomes (HLMs). M1 was the major metabolite formed with HLMs, and selective chemical inhibition of P450s confirmed that CYP3A was the major metabolizing subfamily. The liver tissues were genotyped for low expression alleles, CYP3A5*3,*6, and *7, and the HLMs were phenotyped for CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 expression by Western blot. Testosterone 6β-hydroxylation and itraconazole hydroxylation were used to quantify CYP3A4 activity in the HLMs. For each CYP3A5 high expresser (n = 10), the rate of M1 formation from vincristine due to CYP3A5 was quantified by subtracting the CYP3A4 contribution as determined by linear regression with CYP3A5*3/*3 samples. For CYP3A5 high expressers, the contribution of CYP3A5 to the metabolism of vincristine was 54 to 95% of the total activity, and the rate of M1 formation mediated by CYP3A5 correlated with CYP3A5 protein content (r2 = 0.95). Selective inhibition of CYP3A4 demonstrated that the M1 formation rate with CYP3A5 high expressers was differentially inhibited based on CYP3A4 activity. Using median values, the estimated hepatic clearances were 5-fold higher for CYP3A5 high expressers than low expressers. We conclude that polymorphic expression of CYP3A5 may be a major determinant in the P450-mediated clearance of vincristine.
Diversity of Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria in Soils from “Hot Lands of Medolla” (Italy) Featured by Anomalous High-Temperatures and Biogenic CO2 Emission

“Terre Calde di Medolla” (TCM) (literally, “Hot Lands of Medolla”) refers to a farming area in Italy with anomalously high temperatures and diffuse emissions of biogenic CO2, which has been linked to CH4 oxidation processes from a depth of 0.7 m to the surface. We herein assessed the composition of the total bacterial community and diversity of methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) in soil samples collected at a depth at which the peak temperature was detected (0.6 m). Cultivation-independent methods were used, such as: i) a clone library analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and pmoA (coding for the α-subunit of the particulate methane monooxygenase) gene, and ii) Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) fingerprinting. The 16S rRNA gene analysis assessed the predominance of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacillus in TCM samples collected at a depth of 0.6 m along with the presence of methanotrophs (Methylocaldum and Methylobacter) and methylotrophs (Methylobacillus). The phylogenetic analysis of pmoA sequences showed the presence of MOB affiliated with Methylomonas, Methylocystis, Methylococcus, and Methylocaldum in addition to as yet uncultivated and uncharacterized methanotrophs. Jaccard’s analysis of T-RFLP profiles at different ground depths revealed a similar MOB composition in soil samples at depths of 0.6 m and 0.7 m, while this similarity was weaker between these samples and those taken at a depth of 2.5 m, in which the genus Methylocaldum was absent. These results correlate the anomalously high temperatures of the farming area of “Terre Calde di Medolla” with the presence of microbial methane-oxidizing bacteria.
Explicit and implicit concept-based video retrieval with bipartite graph propagation model

The major scientific problem for content-based video retrieval is the semantic gap. Generally speaking, there are two appropriate ways to bridge the semantic gap: the first one is from human perspective (top-down) and the other one is from computer perspective (bottom-up). The top-down method defines a concept lexicon from human perspective, trains the detector for each concept based on supervised learning, and then indexes the corpus with concept detectors. Since each concept has an explicit semantic meaning, we call this concept as an explicit concept. The bottom-up approach directly discovers the underlying latent topics from video corpus by machine perspective using an unsupervised learning. The video corpus is indexed subsequently by these latent topics. As opposite to explicit concepts, we name latent topics as implicit concepts. Given the explicit concept set is pre-defined and independent of the corpus, it is impossible to completely describe corpus and users' queries. On the other hand, the implicit concepts are dynamic and dependent on the corpus, which is able to fully describe corpus and users' queries. Therefore, combining explicit and implicit concepts could be a promising way to bridge the semantic gap effectively. In this paper, a Bipartite Graph Propagation Model (BGPM) is applied to automatically balance influences from explicit and implicit concepts. Concept nodes with strong connections to queries are reinforced no matter explicit or implicit. Demonstrated by the experiments on TREVID 2008 video dataset, BGPM successfully fuses explicit and implicit concepts to achieve a significant improvement on 48 search tasks.
Towards next-generation alert management of data centers

The performance of today's enterprise IT systems depends upon the accurate generation of alerts to identify any anomalous behavior. Today's solutions however suffer from several shortcomings. The configurations are manual and do not adapt to any system changes. A large volume of redundant alerts are generated leading to inefficient resolution. Moreover, the generated alerts are reactive in nature and provide less time to take corrective actions. In this paper, we address the issues of setting the correct configurations, aggregating redundancies and generating proactive alerts. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a real-world case-study.
A DOP Model for Semantic Interpretation

In data-oriented language processing, an annotated language corpus is used as a stochastic grammar. The most probable analysis of a new sentence is constructed by combining fragments from the corpus in the most probable way. This approach has been successfully used for syntactic analysis, using corpora with syntactic annotations such as the Penn Tree-bank. If a corpus with semantically annotated sentences is used, the same approach can also generate the most probable semantic interpretation of an input sentence. The present paper explains this semantic interpretation method. A data-oriented semantic interpretation algorithm was tested on two semantically annotated corpora: the English ATIS corpus and the Dutch OVIS corpus. Experiments show an increase in semantic accuracy if larger corpus-fragments are taken into consideration.
Replication for Improving Availability & Balancing Load in Cloud Data Centres

This paper focuses on the problem of availability of data on the data nodes and replication process. Cloud computing service providers require a system which can handle a large number of requests at a time. For processing the huge cloud of requests for data access, services need to be highly available. System keeps multiple copies of the blocks of data on different nodes by replication. Load on system may increase when there is high demand of a data is present and one or more sites providing that data fails. Data can easily be recovered from another node in case of one nodes unavailability. Workload division is a method for distributing workloads across all the available nodes by using replication. Brief introduction about the system framework for accessing data is also provided in this paper on basis of study.
Genome-Wide Detection and Analysis of Multifunctional Genes

Many genes can play a role in multiple biological processes or molecular functions. Identifying multifunctional genes at the genome-wide level and studying their properties can shed light upon the complexity of molecular events that underpin cellular functioning, thereby leading to a better understanding of the functional landscape of the cell. However, to date, genome-wide analysis of multifunctional genes (and the proteins they encode) has been limited. Here we introduce a computational approach that uses known functional annotations to extract genes playing a role in at least two distinct biological processes. We leverage functional genomics data sets for three organisms—H. sapiens, D. melanogaster, and S. cerevisiae—and show that, as compared to other annotated genes, genes involved in multiple biological processes possess distinct physicochemical properties, are more broadly expressed, tend to be more central in protein interaction networks, tend to be more evolutionarily conserved, and are more likely to be essential. We also find that multifunctional genes are significantly more likely to be involved in human disorders. These same features also hold when multifunctionality is defined with respect to molecular functions instead of biological processes. Our analysis uncovers key features about multifunctional genes, and is a step towards a better genome-wide understanding of gene multifunctionality.
The Complexity of Message Delivery in Kleinberg's Small-world Model

We prove additional results about Kleinberg’s Small-World (KSW) model and its extensions. Kleinberg adds a number of directed long-range random links to an n ◊ n lattice network (vertices as nodes of a grid, undirected edges between any two adjacent nodes) under a specific non-uniform distribution. He shows that the following phenomenon occurs: between almost any two nodes there exits a short path with length at most O(log 2 n) which can be found using a simple greedy algorithm which has no global knowledge of long-range links. Kleinberg proves that the expected delivery time using his algorithm is O(log 2 n). We show that indeed Kleinberg’s algorithm achieves (log 2 n) delivery time. Moreover, we show that the expected diameter of the graph is (logn), so a logn factor smaller. These results are proved for the general k-dimensional model and our diameter result extends traditional work on the diameter of random graphs which largely focuses on uniformly distributed arcs. Using little additional knowledge of the graph, we show that we can find paths with expected length O(log 3/2 n) in the basic 2-dimensional model and O(log 1+1/k n) in the general k-dimensional model (for k 1). Finally, we suggest open problems and initiate the study of further generalized models where gridrelated factors (e.g. the use of lattice distance) get weaker roles or are dismissed, and constraints (such as the uniformness of degree distribution) are relaxed.
Modeling of Item-Difficulty for Ontology-based MCQs

Multiple choice questions (MCQs) that can be generated from a domain ontology can significantly reduce human effort & time required for authoring & administering assessments in an e-Learning environment. Even though here are various methods for generating MCQs from ontologies, methods for determining the difficulty-levels of such MCQs are less explored. In this paper, we study various aspects and factors that are involved in determining the difficulty-score of an MCQ, and propose an ontology-based model for the prediction. This model characterizes the difficulty values associated with the stem and choice set of the MCQs, and describes a measure which combines both the scores. Further more, the notion of assigning difficultly-scores based on the skill level of the test taker is utilized for predicating difficulty-score of a stem. We studied the effectiveness of the predicted difficulty-scores with the help of a psychometric model from the Item Response Theory, by involving real-students and domain experts. Our results show that, the predicated difficulty-levels of the MCQs are having high correlation with their actual difficulty-levels.