Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor Mitf Interacts with β-Catenin To Determine Target Gene Expression

ABSTRACT Commitment to the melanocyte lineage is characterized by the onset of expression of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf). This transcription factor plays a fundamental role in melanocyte development and maintenance and seems to be crucial for the survival of malignant melanocytes. Furthermore, Mitf has been shown to be involved in cell cycle regulation and to play important functions in self-renewal and maintenance of melanocyte stem cells. Although little is known about how Mitf regulates these various processes, one possibility is that Mitf interacts with other regulators. Here we show that Mitf can interact directly with β-catenin, the key mediator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. The Wnt signaling pathway plays a critical role in melanocyte development and is intimately involved in triggering melanocyte stem cell proliferation. Significantly, constitutive activation of this pathway is a feature of a number of cancers including malignant melanoma. Here we show that Mitf can redirect β-catenin transcriptional activity away from canonical Wnt signaling-regulated genes toward Mitf-specific target promoters to activate transcription. Thus, by a feedback mechanism, Mitf can diversify the output of canonical Wnt signaling to enhance the repertoire of genes regulated by β-catenin. Our results reveal a novel mechanism by which Wnt signaling and β-catenin activate gene expression, with significant implications for our understanding of both melanocyte development and melanoma.
A Lightweight Terminology Verification Service for External Machine Translation Engines

We propose a demonstration of a domainspecific terminology checking service which works on top of any generic blackbox MT, and only requires access to a bilingual terminology resource in the domain. In cases where an incorrect translation of a source term was proposed by the generic MT service, our service locates the wrong translation of the term in the target and suggests a terminologically correct translation for this term.
Anxiety and Art Therapy: Treatment in the Public Eye

187 Anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems in the United States today. It is the number one mental health problem among American women and ranks as a close second to substance abuse among men. In fact, alcoholism is the only other disorder that affects a greater number of people throughout the county. Fifteen percent of the American population is affected by a wide range of anxiety related disorders (Bourne, 2005). However, only a quarter of affected individuals will seek and receive treatment (Danton, Altrocchi, Antonuccio, & Basta, 1994) According to Bourne (2005), anxiety disorders began to climb at an alarming rate during the 1990s and have only continued to worsen after tragic events such as the September 11th, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the crisis of the U.S. American economy. Bourne claimed that western society is currently experiencing a greater degree of stress than any previous historical period. Today, people are experiencing a loss of stability and continuity in many areas of their lives. As an art therapist and anxiety sufferer myself, I had an opportunity to offer art therapy to adults who were hospitalized on a psychiatric unit in New York. I designed an art therapy program that included eight weekly art therapy groups that focused on various aspects of anxiety. After the 8 weeks of sessions were complete, clients had the option to participate in an exhibition of their artwork. The exhibition served as a forum for educating the public about the nature of anxiety disorders and symptomatology. This viewpoint presents my experiences using art therapy in treating those suffering from anxiety.
Disturbances of the combustion processes in muscular disorders

Attempts to elucidate carbohydrate metabolism in muscular diseases have been made by a relatively large number of authors but the results obtained, often contradictory, seem to be difficult to classify in a cycle of metabolic disorders. Nevertheless disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of muscular diseases. In view of the key position of pyruvic acid in the metabolic processes, it seemed interesting to investigate further its metabolism, all the more so, as the literature suggests that the blood pyruvic acid level is raised in progressive muscular dystrophy.
Awareness of deficits in traumatic brain injury: A multidimensional approach to assessing metacognitive knowledge and online-awareness

Recent models of impaired awareness in brain injury draw a distinction between metacognitive knowledge of difficulties and online awareness of errors (emergent and anticipatory). We examined performance of 31 Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) participants and 31 healthy controls using a three-strand approach to assessing awareness. Metacognitive knowledge was assessed with an awareness interview and discrepancy scores on three questionnaires—Patient Competency Rating Scale, Frontal Systems Behavioral Scale and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. Online Emergent Awareness was assessed using an online error-monitoring task while participants performed tasks of sustained attention. Online anticipatory awareness was examined using prediction performance on two cognitive tasks. Results indicated that the TBI Low Self-Awareness (SA) group and High SA group did not differ in terms of severity, chronicity or standard neuropsychological tasks but those with Low SA were more likely to exhibit disinhibition, interpersonal problems and more difficulties in total competency. Sustained attention abilities were associated with both types of online awareness (emergent and anticipatory). There was a strong relationship between online emergent and online anticipatory awareness. Metacognitive knowledge did not correlate with the other two measures. This study highlights the necessity in adopting a multidimensional approach to assessing the multifaceted phenomenon of awareness of deficits. (JINS, 2007, 13, 38–49.)
The Impact of Network Variabilities on TCP Clocking Schemes

TCP employs a self-clocking scheme that times the sending of packets. In that, the data packets are sent in a burst when the returning acknowledgement packets are received. This self-clocking scheme (also known as ack-clocking) is deemed a key factor to the the burstiness of TCP traffic and the source of various performance problems-high packet loss, long delay, and high delay jitter. Previous work has suggested contradictively the effectiveness of TCP pacing as a remedy to alleviate the traffic burstiness. In this paper, we analyze systematically, and in more robust experiments the impact of network variabilities on the behavior of TCP clocking schemes. We find that 1) aggregated pacing traffic could be burstier than aggregated ack-clocking traffic. Physical explanation and experimental simulations are provided to support this argument. 2) The round-trip time heterogeneity and flow multiplexing significantly influence the behaviors of both ack-clocking and pacing schemes. Evaluating the performance of clocking schemes without considering these effects is prone to inconsistent results. 3) Pacing outperforms ack-clocking in more realistic settings from the traffic burstiness point of view.
Late treatment with anti‐LFA‐1 (CD11a) antibody prevents cerebral malaria in a mouse model

CBA/Ca mice injected with Plasmodium berghei develop cerebral malaria (CM) characterized by ataxia and progressive paralysis leading to death 7–9 days after experimental infection. The development of cerebral symptoms is a function of the immune response in susceptible strains, and depends on cell‐cell interactions involving T helper cells and mononuclear phagocytes. Here we ask whether antibodies to cell adhesion receptors of the immune system can influence the development of CM in this mouse model. When administrated on day 6 after infection, antibody to the leukocyte integrin leukocyte function‐antigen‐1 (LFA‐1) but not antibodies to MAC‐1, LECAM‐1 (the MEL‐14 antigen), α4 integrin or ICAM‐1 dramatically reduced the incidence of CM, leading to survival of most mice until the later onset of anemia. Anti‐LFA‐1 treatment did not result in a substantial decrease in the monocyte accumulation observed in cerebral vessels of susceptible mice. Its efficacy may be related to the broader roles of LFA‐1 in cell‐cell interactions important in the later pathogenic stages of the immune response to the parasite. Perturbation of immune cell function through interference with cell adhesion mechanisms may offer an important therapeutic tool in acute, life‐threatening immune‐mediated disorders.
Centrifugation as a countermeasure during bed rest and dry immersion: What has been learned?

Objectives: We review the studies that have evaluated intermittent short-radius centrifugation as a potential countermeasure for cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and sensorimotor deconditioning in simulated weightlessness. Methods: The findings from 18 experimental protocols that have used bed rest and dry immersion for comparing the protective effects of centrifugation versus standing upright or walking, and the effects of continuous vs. periodic exposure to centrifugation are discussed. Results: Centrifugation for as little as 30 min per day was found to be effective in mitigating orthostatic intolerance and strength in postural muscle after 5 days of bed rest, but it was not effective in mitigating plasma volume loss. Conclusion: To determine the optimal prescription for centrifugation as a countermeasure, we recommend further studies using (a) bed rest of longer duration, (b) individualized prescriptions of centrifugation combined with exercise, and (c) functional performance tests.
BAHASA BALI USIA ANAK-ANAK : KAJIAN METABAHASA SEMANTIK ALAMI

Abstract This study is based on the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) theory as proposed by Wierzbicka (1996a) considering the indication that children can master universal semantic features earlier. It results in the universal primitive hypothesis in semantic acquisition by children The mastery of words of Balinese language of 4-6 year old children are predominated by verb (42.07%), followed by noun then (36.55%). However, noun is in higher frequency of use (34.95%) than the verb (30.98%). Among all the words by the children, physical words used are 88.80% and mental words used are 11.20%. The most predominant linguistic idiosyncrasy in the Balinese language of children is overgeneralization. Based on the analysis, it is known that the semantic primes in Balinese is represented by the neutral style or kepara for such vocabulary style is unmarked and generic. There are sixty semantic primes found in Balinese. Out of which the 4-6 year old children are able to produce 58 semantic primes in their utterances. The semantic primes which are not produced by the Balinese children in such a case are AKLINYENGAN ‘A MOMENT’ and MIRIB ‘MAYBE’. The disappearance of semantic primes AKLINYENGAN is due to the uncertainty of the lexical reference and similarly MIRIB ‘MAYBE’ disappears because of the cognitive limitedness of the children so that they are not able to use the knowledge they have in order to predict what is going to happen. The canonic sentence is a distributional pattern of the semantic primes in the linguistic expression of reality. The semantic primes of Balinese having the widest distribution are ICANG ‘I’ and BENA ‘YOU’. The 4-6 year old children are not able to build up a sentence using ICANG ‘I’ and BENA ‘YOU’ as psychological objects.
Can PFTS Differentiate PVFMD From Subglottic Stenosis?

Objective: To determine if the results of routine spirometry and flow volume loops (Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)) can be used to distinguish Paradoxic Vocal Fold Movement Disorder (PVFMD) from Subglottic Stenosis (SGS). Methods: PFT records and medical history of 49 patients with diagnosis of PVFMD and 39 patients with SGS were compared. Groups were then subdivided to compare PFTs in patients with and without smoking history or lung disease. Results: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and Expiratory Disproportion Index (ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) over PEFR (FEV1/PEFR)) were both significantly different between patients with SGS and those with PVFMD (p<0.02). FEV1 was also significantly different, but only in the patients with no smoking history or lung disease (p<0.02). Conclusions: The findings suggest that spirometry can be a valuable tool in distinguishing SGS from PVFMD. Previous studies have shown the utility of PFTs for distinguishing SGS from pulmonary pathology, but this is the first study to exploit PFTs for distinction of SGS from PVFMD. Given that the flexible laryngoscopic exam used to diagnose PVFMD does not always visualize the subglottis completely, PFTs can be used to increase suspicion of SGS and direct further work-up.
Participant Observation: A Guide for Fieldworkers

Chapter 1. What is Participant Observation? Chapter 2. Learning to Be a Participant Observer Chapter 3. Doing Participant Observation: Becoming a Participant Chapter 4. The Costs of Participation: Culture Shock Chapter 5. Doing Participant Observation: Becoming an Observer Chapter 6. Gender and Sex Issues in Participant Observation Chapter 7. Designing Research with Participant Observation Chapter 8. Informal Interviewing in Participant Observation Chapter 9. Writing Field Notes Chapter 10. Analyzing Field Notes Chapter 11. Ethical Concerns in Participant Observation Chapter 12 Appendix: Sample Field Notes Chapter 13 Bibliography
Filament organization revealed in platinum replicas of freeze-dried cytoskeletons

This report presents the appearance of rapidly frozen, freeze-dried cytoskeletons that have been rotary replicated with platinum and viewed in the transmission electron microscope. The resolution of this method is sufficient to visualize individual filaments in the cytoskeleton and to discriminate among actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments solely by their surface substructure. This identification has been confirmed by specific decoration with antibodies and selective extraction of individual filament types, and correlated with light microscope immunocytochemistry and gel electrophoresis patterns. The freeze-drying preserves a remarkable degree of three-dimensionality in the organization of these cytoskeletons. They look strikingly similar to the meshwork of strands or "microtrabeculae" seen in the cytoplasm of whole cells by high voltage electron microscopy, in that the filaments form a lattice of the same configutation and with the same proportions of open area as the microtrabeculae seen in whole cells. The major differences between these two views of the structural elements of the cytoplasmic matrix can be attributed to the effects of aldehyde fixation and dehydration. Freeze-dried cytoskeletons thus provide an opportunity to study--at high resolution and in the absence of problems caused by chemical fixation--the detailed organization of filaments in different regions of the cytoplasm and at different stages of cell development. In this report the pattern of actin and intermediate filament organization in various regions of fully spread mouse fibroblasts is described.
Downregulation of MMP2 and Bcl-2 in Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ASCs) following Transfection with IP-10 Gene

Background Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are recently introduced as novel immunological gene carriers for treatment of cancer. It is believed that balance between the expression of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, such as SDF-1 and IP-10, may regulate neovascularization within the tumor. Methods In this study, we compared the expression of important tumor promoting mediators in IP-10-transfected Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ASCs) to those transfected with SDF-1. ASCs were isolated from adipose tissue of a normal subject undergoing cosmetic mamoplasty surgery using collagenase. ASCs were transfected with IP-10 or SDF-1 propagated plasmids by electroporation method and Lipofectamin 2000. Expressions of SDF-1, CXCR4, IP-10, Bcl-2, MMP2, IL-10, IGF-1, and VEGF were detected in transfected ASCs using quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Results showed that the expressions of SDF-1, CXCR4, Bcl-2, MMP2, IL-10, IGF-1, and VEGF were upregulated in SDF-1-transfected ASCs. In contrast, Bcl-2 and MMP2 transcripts showed 45×103 and 10 fold lower expression in ASCs transfected with IP-10 compared to non-transfected cells. Conclusion Anti-angiogenic chemokines such as IP-10 may modulate tumor promoting properties of ASCs and would be introduced as novel candidates for tumor immunotherapy; however, further studies are needed to be conducted.
Intrathoracic Fat Measurements Using Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT): Feasibility and Reproducibility

Intrathoracic fat volume, more specifically, epicardial fat volume, is an emerging imaging biomarker of adverse cardiovascular events. The purpose of this work is to show the feasibility and reproducibility of intrathoracic fat volume measurement applied to contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography images. A retrospective cohort study of 62 subjects free of cardiovascular disease (55% females, age = 49 ± 11 years) conducted from 2008 to 2011 formed the study group. Intrathoracic fat volume was defined as all fat voxels measuring −50 to −250 Hounsfield Unit within the intrathoracic cavity from the level of the pulmonary artery bifurcation to the heart apex. The intrathoracic fat was separated into epicardial and extrapericardial fat by tracing the pericardium. The measurements were obtained by 2 readers and compared for interrater reproducibility. The fat volume measurements for the study group were 141 ± 72 cm3 for intrathoracic fat, 58 ± 27 cm3 for epicardial fat, and 84 ± 50 cm3 for extrapericardial fat. There was no statistically significant difference in intrathoracic fat volume measurements between the 2 readers, with correlation coefficients of 0.88 (P = .55) for intrathoracic fat volume and −0.12 (P = .33) for epicardial fat volume. Voxel-based measurement of intrathoracic fat, including the separation into epicardial and extrapericardial fat, is feasible and highly reproducible from multidetector computed tomography scans.
UAV Assisted Disruption Tolerant Routing

In order to provide network connectivity in highly partitioned ad-hoc networks, we propose a routing strategy that incorporates an existing ad-hoc routing protocol, ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV), with disruption tolerant networking (DTN) a la store-carry-forward mechanisms using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as carriers. This paper focuses on the design, implementation, and evaluation of the routing strategy. The major contribution of this work is the implementation of our DTN aware routing protocol on top of existing and mostly unmodified AODV. We show the advantage of the DTN protocol through simulation using ns-2
Automated finishing with autofinish.

Currently, the genome sequencing community is producing shotgun sequence data at a very high rate, but finishing (collecting additional directed sequence data to close gaps and improve the quality of the data) is not matching that rate. One reason for the difference is that shotgun sequencing is highly automated but finishing is not: Most finishing decisions, such as which directed reads to obtain and which specialized sequencing techniques to use, are made by people. If finishing rates are to increase to match shotgun sequencing rates, most finishing decisions also must be automated. The Autofinish computer program (which is part of the computer software package) does this by automatically choosing finishing reads. Autofinish is able to suggest most finishing reads required for completion of each sequencing project, greatly reducing the amount of human attention needed. sometimes completely finishes the project, with no human decisions required. It cannot solve the most complex problems, so we recommend that Autofinish be allowed to suggest reads for the first three rounds of finishing, and if the project still is not finished completely, a human finisher complete the work. We compared this Autofinish-Hybrid method of finishing against a human finisher in five different projects with a variety of shotgun depths by finishing each project twice--once with each method. This comparison shows that the Autofinish-Hybrid method saves many hours over a human finisher alone, while using roughly the same number and type of reads and closing gaps at roughly the same rate. Autofinish currently is in production use at several large sequencing centers. It is designed to be adaptable to the finishing strategy of the lab--it can finish using some or all of the following: resequencing reads, reverses, custom primer walks on either subclone templates or whole clone templates, PCR, or minilibraries. Autofinish has been used for finishing cDNA, genomic clones, and whole bacterial genomes (see http://www.phrap.org).
Efficient and Rich Context Representation for Web Applications

Bringing sensor- and context-awareness to the Web promises to open new, tremendous business opportunities. However, context-awareness involves difficult problems such as modeling social / human affairs (e.g. law, personal preferences, etc.), handling incomplete information, and managing uncertainty of sensor data. We argue that fully-fledged, Semantic-Web-style reasoning in presence of uncertainty is neither always feasible, nor always necessary for a context-based Web. As an alternative, this paper proposes a highly expressive, simple, and efficient context representation for sensor-enabled Web services. Our representation is based on a syntax inspired by standard Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Business Rules (SBVR), enriched by annotations expressing prioritized modality and trust values. Using a simple example, we explain the feasibility of this approach for developing context/ambient-aware applications that adapt to changes in the environment.
Stable manifolds of saddle equilibria for pendulum dynamics on S2 and SO(3)

Attitude control systems naturally evolve on nonlinear configurations, such as S2 and SO(3). The nontrivial topological properties of these configurations result in interesting and complicated nonlinear dynamics when studying the corresponding closed loop attitude control systems. In this paper, we review some global analysis and simulation techniques that allow us to describe the global nonlinear stable manifolds of the hyperbolic equilibria of these closed loop systems. A deeper understanding of these invariant manifold structures are critical to understanding the global stabilization properties of closed loop attitude control systems, and these global analysis techniques are applicable to a broad range of problems on nonlinear configuration manifolds.
Reconstruction of 3D Models from Intensity Images and Partial Depth

This paper addresses the probabilistic inference of geometric structures from images. Specifically, of synthesizing range data to enhance the reconstruction of a 3D model of an indoor environment by using video images and (very) partial depth information. In our method, we interpolate the available range data using statistical inferences learned from the concurrently available video images and from those (sparse) regions where both range and intensity information is available. The spatial relationships between the variations in intensity and range can be efficiently captured by the neighborhood system of a Markov Random Field (MRF). In contrast to classical approaches to depth recovery (i.e. stereo, shape from shading), we can afford to make only weak prior assumptions regarding specific surface geometries or surface reflectance functions since we compute the relationship between existing range data and the images we start with. Experimental results show the feasibility of our method.