Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A breakthrough to literacy.

Program Description Breakthrough to Literacy is a literacy curriculum for preschool through third grade that introduces students to a book-a-week throughout the year. Students gain exposure to the book-of-theweek through multiple formats. They receive a Big Book, a Take-Me-Home Book, an audio book, and a computerized version. The book-of-the-week serves as the basis of classroom and independent learning activities for that week. Classroom activities that focus on the book include: (1) teacher-led whole group instruction, (2) teacher-led small group instruction, and (3) independent learning activities including individualized computer instruction that allows students to progress at their own pace. Activities for preschoolers are designed to teach oral language, phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, and concepts of print. Breakthrough to Literacy also includes professional development activities for teachers that are designed to help incorporate the Breakthrough to Literacy curriculum into their day-to-day activities and improve their classroom management skills.
Effects of S-adenosylmethionine augmentation of serotonin-reuptake inhibitor antidepressants on cognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is often accompanied by significant cognitive impairment, and there are limited interventions specific to this particular symptom. S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), a naturally occurring molecule which serves as a major methyl-donor in human cellular metabolism, is required for the synthesis and maintenance of several neurotransmitters that have been implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of cognitive dysfunction in MDD. Objectives: This study is a secondary analysis of a clinical trial involving the use of adjunctive SAMe for
A new recommendation technique for interval scaled multi-criteria rating systems incorporating intensity of preferences

We present Interval-Rec, a recommender system that gives predictions on items that are rated on multiple criteria. Although a five-star rating system or similar linguistic scales are used typically by on-line sites to enable their users to rate items such as content or products, ratings are considered usually as ordinal and treated as ratio during the calculation of predicted ratings. We demonstrate that these symbolic or lexical semantics convey information about the strength of user preferences in addition to the order of the rated items. The methodology we propose considers and treats such scales as interval and in the same time provide accurate recommendations to users. Evaluations using well-known and reliable data showed improved results over other significant multi-criteria recommender systems and state of the art single criterion method.
Gigahertz Integrated Circuits Based on Complementary Black Phosphorus Transistors

Black phosphorus (BP) has attracted enormous interest for logic applications due to its unique electronic properties. However, pristine BP exhibits predominant p‐type channel conductance, which limits the realization of complementary circuits unless an effective n‐type doping is found. Here, a practical approach to transform the conductivity of BP from p‐type to n‐type via a spatially controlled aluminum (Al) doping is proposed. Symmetrical threshold voltage for the pair of p‐type and n‐type BP field‐effect transistors can be achieved by tuning the Al doping concentration. The complementary inverter circuit shows a clear logic inversion with a high voltage gain of up to ≈11 at a supply voltage (VDD) of 1.5 V. Simultaneously, a high noise margin of 0.27 × VDD is achieved for both low (NML) and high (NMH) input voltages, indicating excellent noise immunity. Moreover, a three‐stage ring oscillator with a theoretical frequency above 1.8 GHz and microwatt level power dissipation is modeled, which shows a low propagation delay per stage. This study demonstrates a practical approach to fabricate high performance complementary integrated circuits on a homogenous BP channel material, paving the way toward complex cascaded circuits and sensor interface applications.
The Basaloid Cell is the Best Tissue Marker for Human Papillomavirus in Invasive Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Study of 202 Cases From Paraguay

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been reported in 12-82% of penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). There is an association of the virus with basaloid and warty carcinomas but the reported prevalence is variable. The causes of these variations are not clear. They may be owing to geographic differences, the use of different techniques to detect HPV, the status of the original paraffin blocks, or to variable criteria in tumor classification. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of HPV in penile SCC and subtypes using a sensitive technique, to investigate genotypes involved, and to search for other morphologic features associated with the virus from a series of cases from Paraguay. HPV detection was done by SPF-10 polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA enzyme-immunoassay and genotyping by LIPA 25 (version 1). Samples were tested at Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, and cross testing was carried out at the Delft Diagnostic Laboratories in The Netherlands. HPV was detected in 64 of 202 cases (32%). Thirteen tumors had multiple HPV genotypes. Most prevalent genotypes were HPV-16 (46 cases), HPV-6 (6 cases), and HPV-18 (4 cases), either in single or in multiple infections. HPV was preferentially associated with warty-basaloid (82%), basaloid (76%), and warty (39%) carcinomas and not detected in verrucous, mixed verrucous-papillary, pseudohyperplastic, and pseudoglandular SCCs. There was a strong association between HPV and higher histologic grade. Basaloid cells were more frequently found in HPV positive tumors (72%) and this association was statistically significant in univariate and multivariate analyses. Cells with koilocytotic features and keratinizing squamous cells were also present but to a much lesser degree (47% and 19%, respectively). In summary, HPV was found in a third of the cases and the most common genotype was HPV-16. Low-risk genotypes were rarely found in single infections, representing 4 cases among all analyzed (2%). There was an association between HPV presence and higher histologic grade and with basaloid, warty-basaloid, and warty carcinomas. Our results also suggest that, in penile SCC, the basaloid cell is the best tissue marker for oncogenic HPV infection.
Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Sida rhombifolia ssp. retusa in Diabetic Induced Animals

In the present study, the anti-diabetic effect of aqueous extract of Sida rhombifolia ssp. retusa (Malvaceae) leaves was studied in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (60 mg/kg, single intraperitoneal injection) diabetic rats. Hypoglycemic activity in normal rats was tested after administration of 200 mg/kg of extract.Aqueous extract showed a 15% reduction in plasma glucose level after 1.5 h of extract administration. When tested in STZ-induced diabetic rats the reduction in plasma glucose was 17%. In oral glucose tolerance test in normal rats and STZ-induced rats the decrease in AUC was 15 and 7% respectively. Glibenclamide was used as reference drug and showed significant hypoglycemic effects in normal rats but had marginal activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In hypolipidemic study a dose of 200 mg/kg of aqueous extract has shown reduction in triglycerides (TG) (16%), cholesterol (4%), and glucose level (10%). Fenofibrate was used as standard drug for hypolipidemic study.The results obtained from the experiment provided scientific evidence in favor of the traditional use of Sida rhombifolia ssp. retusa leaves for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Diabetes, Sida rhombifolia ssp. Retusa, hypoglycemic activity and hypolipidemic activity.
GOAL‐DRIVEN AUTONOMY FOR RESPONDING TO UNEXPECTED EVENTS IN STRATEGY SIMULATIONS

To operate autonomously in complex environments, an agent must monitor its environment and determine how to respond to new situations. To be considered intelligent, an agent should select actions in pursuit of its goals, and adapt accordingly when its goals need revision. However, most agents assume that their goals are given to them; they cannot recognize when their goals should change. Thus, they have difficulty coping with the complex environments of strategy simulations that are continuous, partially observable, dynamic, and open with respect to new objects. To increase intelligent agent autonomy, we are investigating a conceptual model for goal reasoning called Goal‐Driven Autonomy (GDA), which allows agents to generate and reason about their goals in response to environment changes. Our hypothesis is that GDA enables an agent to respond more effectively to unexpected events in complex environments. We instantiate the GDA model in ARTUE (Autonomous Response to Unexpected Events), a domain‐independent autonomous agent. We evaluate ARTUE on scenarios from two complex strategy simulations, and report on its comparative benefits and limitations. By employing goal reasoning, ARTUE outperforms an off‐line planner and a discrepancy‐based replanner on scenarios requiring reasoning about unobserved objects and facts and on scenarios presenting opportunities outside the scope of its current mission.
Thermal and Mechanical Analysis of 3 GHz Side Coupled RF Cavity for Medical Linacs

Medical linear accelerators have wide applications for cancer treatment in the world. Side coupled RF cavities was used in this accelerators for production of X-ray in range of energies between 4 to 25 MeV. Usually, the RF source is magnetron with lower cost in comparison to klystron in this type of applications. Side coupled cavity is a biperiodic structure with sensitive performance to operational thermal and mechanical conditions. In this paper, thermal and mechanical simulations for a period of the structure are presented. INTRODUCTION Linear electron accelerators are designed in various types and have wide applications in medicine, industry, agriculture and physics researches [1-2]. Standing wave RF cavities are so attractive for applications with emphasizes on compactness, portability and low weight to be applicable in portable industrial and rotatable medical accelerators [3-4]. Side coupled RF cavities used widely in medical and radiography linear accelerators. They are high quality factor structures (14000) with very narrow resonance band (100 kHz). If the resonant frequency is detuned, approximately all of RF power will be reflected. So, in linacs with standing wave RF structures, automatic frequency controller system (AFC) and Circulators are used commonly. Detuning of RF resonant frequency also effects on operation efficiency of linac. If detuning generated in coupled cells of cavity, the variation in amplitude and phase of RF cavities can cause to variation of electron and X-ray energy distribution and related delivered dose during therapy applications[5]. The variation of resonant frequency can be generated statically or dynamically. The static variations are generated based on mechanical tolerances and errors. Dynamic variation generated mainly because of cooling system stability limitations and lack of it’s design efficiency. Recently, FEM thermal and mechanical multiphysics design and simulation software such as Ansys [6] and Comsol [7] was developed such that can be used for calculation and optimization of cooling system conditions. Based on thermal losses obtained from Superfish [8], the required cooling system was evaluated for 6 MeV medical side coupled RF cavity. These studies were done for evaluation of RF cavity static errors in dependence with geometrical parameters and investigation of better cooling system selection for our 6 MeV standing wave RF cavity. GEOMETRICAL AND RESONANT FREQUENCY The geometrical parameters of RF cavity were optimized for operation in 2998 MHz in coupled cells configuration. The geometrical configuration and electric field profiles after optimization in superfish simulation software were shown in figure 1. Ca vi ty R ad iu s = Ke si = Epsilonn = L = Ca vi ty R ad iu s =
Food plant diversity as broad-scale determinant of avian frugivore richness

The causes of variation in animal species richness at large spatial scales are intensively debated. Here, we examine whether the diversity of food plants, contemporary climate and energy, or habitat heterogeneity determine species richness patterns of avian frugivores across sub-Saharan Africa. Path models indicate that species richness of Ficus (their fruits being one of the major food resources for frugivores in the tropics) has the strongest direct effect on richness of avian frugivores, whereas the influences of variables related to water–energy and habitat heterogeneity are mainly indirect. The importance of Ficus richness for richness of avian frugivores diminishes with decreasing specialization of birds on fruit eating, but is retained when accounting for spatial autocorrelation. We suggest that a positive relationship between food plant and frugivore species richness could result from niche assembly mechanisms (e.g. coevolutionary adaptations to fruit size, fruit colour or vertical stratification of fruit presentation) or, alternatively, from stochastic speciation–extinction processes. In any case, the close relationship between species richness of Ficus and avian frugivores suggests that figs are keystone resources for animal consumers, even at continental scales.
Multiple-description vector quantization with lattice codebooks: Design and analysis

The problem of designing a multiple-description vector quantizer with lattice codebook /spl Lambda/ is considered. A general solution is given to a labeling problem which plays a crucial role in the design of such quantizers. Numerical performance results are obtained for quantizers based on the lattices A/sub 2/ and Z/sup i/, i=1, 2, 4, 8, that make use of this labeling algorithm. The high-rate squared-error distortions for this family of L-dimensional vector quantizers are then analyzed for a memoryless source with probability density function (PDF) p and differential entropy h(p)</spl infin/. For any a /spl epsiv/ (0, 1) and rate pair (R, R), it is shown that the two-channel distortion d~/sub o/ and the channel 1 (or channel 2) distortion d~/sub s/ satisfy lim/sub R/spl rarr//spl infin//d~/sub o/2/sup 2R(1+a)/= 1/4 G(/spl Lambda/)2/sup 2h(p)/ and lim/sub R/spl rarr//spl infin//d~/sub s/2/sup 2R(1-a)/=G(S/sub L/)2/sup 2h(p)/ where G(/spl Lambda/) is the normalized second moment of a Voronoi cell of the lattice /spl Lambda/ and G(S/sub L/) is the normalized second moment of a sphere in L dimensions.
Optimization of a Multifunctional Hot Structure Aeroshell for Mars Entry

Vehicle size and weight are driving cost factors in sending vehicles into space because the cost of launch is directly related to the payload mass being delivered. Vehicle size and weight have a larger impact on deep-space missions compared to sending a payload to low Earth orbit due to the extra fuel and supplies required to complete the longer duration mission. One area of study for possible vehicle volume or weight reduction is the thermal protection system (TPS) of a vehicle. Hot structures have been proposed as a TPS concept which can carry both primary structural loads and thermal loads. The use of hot structures on a Mars entry vehicle may be feasible and have potential volume and weight savings over the current state of the art ablative TPS technology. A preliminary trade study was performed on a mid lift-to-drag aeroshell Mars entry concept vehicle; comparing the weight and skin thickness of a vehicle using ablative TPS with a vehicle using hot structures. Independent thermal and structural analyses were performed to determine the minimum mass designs. The goal of this study was to determine if the use of hot structures was feasible and had potential for signiﬁcant vehicle volume and weight savings over the current state of the art. This trade study found that use of a hot structures leads to a feasible alternative to ablative TPS technology, with potential 53% weight and 22% thickness (volume) saving beneﬁts that could enable future missions. ABSTRACT Vehicle size and weight are driving cost factors in sending vehicles into space. One area of study for possible vehicle volume or weight reduction is the thermal protection system (TPS) of a vehicle. Hot structures have been proposed as a TPS concept which can carry both primary structural loads and thermal loads. A preliminary trade study was performed on a mid lift-to-drag aeroshell Mars entry concept vehicle; comparing the weight and skin thickness of a vehicle using ablative TPS with a vehicle using hot structures. Independent thermal and structural analyses were performed to determine the minimum mass designs. The goal of this study was to determine if the use of hot structures was feasible and had potential for signiﬁcant vehicle volume and weight savings over the current state of the art. This trade study found that use of a hot structures leads to a feasible alternative to ablative TPS technology, with potential 53% weight and 22% thickness (volume) saving beneﬁts that could enable future missions.
Diffraction, microstructure and thermal stability analysis in a double phase nanocrystalline Al20Mg20Ni20Cr20Ti20 high entropy alloy

Abstract An effort has been made to develop a new composition of AlMgNiCrTi high entropy alloy (HEA) with a distinct properties includes squat density, intense strength and hardness, superior corrosion resistance, better oxidation resistance, high temperature resistance, fatigue load and crack resistance to congregate the necessity of aircraft applications. The equivalent atomic percentage for the above defined composition is established using analytical correlation for molar and atom renovation by trial and error method. The alloy is synthesized by powder metallurgy technique through mechanical alloying. Succeeding to mechanical alloying it is elucidated that the metal powder is primarily composed of single BCC solid solution with crystallite magnitude <10 nm. It is also observed that the alloy is thermally stable at prominent temperature about 800°C as it is retained its nanostructure which was revealed using differential scanning caloriemetry (DSC). This alloy powder was consolidated and sintered using spark plasma sintering at 800°C with 50 Mpa pressure to a density of 98.83%. Subsequent to sintering, Titanium carbide FCC phase evolved along with the BCC phase. The alloying behavior and phase transformation were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The homogeneity of the composition is confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The hardness of the alloy is found to be 710±20 HV. The evolutions of the phases and hardness imply that this alloy is apposite for both high strength and high temperature applications.
Recursive‐clustering‐based approach for denial of service (DoS) attacks in wireless sensors networks

This paper presents a novel approach for detecting denial of service attacks. In particular, the concern is on the sleeping deprivation attacks such as the malicious nodes that use flooding technique. Our approach is based on wireless sensor network (WSN) clustering. It consists in recursively clustering sensors until a required granularity (chosen by the expert) is achieved. We apply our approach with two different clustering algorithms. Indeed, we use the common clustering WSN algorithm Low Energy Algorithm Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy and the general clustering method Fast and Flexible Unsupervised Clustering Algorithm (FFUCA) based on ultrametric properties. We discuss the behavior of the approach with the two algorithms. Also, we present numerical results that show the efficiency of recursive clustering using the FFUCA algorithm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and Performance of a Microwave Nondestructive Testing System for Damage Analysis of FRP Composites

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are known for their outstanding strength, stiffness, corrosion resistance, and light weight nature, which are used in such fields as aerospace, marine, automotive, and construction industries. Although, FRP composites have many advantages, as compared to metals, defects may occur during the production process or during the service life due of the laminated structure. Therefore, there is a growing demand for nondestructive testing (NDT) approaches that can pre-detect such defects before they become critical and cause failure. Radio frequency (RF) signals are able to penetrate dielectric materials with relatively low loss, which make microwave NDT an attractive solution among the other numerous inspection techniques. This paper presents the theory and development of an ultrawideband (UWB) microwave imaging system, covering 8.2 to 12.4 GHz frequency band, based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) algorithms designed to detect damages and defects within the FRP structures.
Gaussian-Mixture-Model-Based Spatial Neighborhood Relationships for Pixel Labeling Problem

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for pixel labeling and image segmentation based on the standard Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Unlike the standard GMM where pixels themselves are considered independent of each other and the spatial relationship between neighboring pixels is not taken into account, the proposed method incorporates this spatial relationship into the standard GMM. Moreover, the proposed model requires fewer parameters compared with the models based on Markov random fields. In order to estimate model parameters from observations, instead of utilizing an expectation-maximization algorithm, we employ gradient method to minimize a higher bound on the data negative log-likelihood. The performance of the proposed model is compared with methods based on both standard GMM and Markov random fields, demonstrating the robustness, accuracy, and effectiveness of our method.
Supporting Business Modeling using Multiple Notations - A Case Study

In this paper, we present a case study that illustrate the use of an approach that facilitates and supports the combined use of i* and BPMN for performing business modeling in a synergistic fashion on a complex project for a large government agency in Australia. We used a constrained development methodology to facilitate this modeling practice. The purpose of this case study is to further demonstrate the applicability of our proposed methodology in a real time, big scale industrial project.