Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast and low-power behavior analysis on vehicles using smartphones

More and more deep learning methods are applied in unmanned or assisted driving, and have achieved very excellent performance. This paper describes long short-term memory recurrent neural networks used in assisted driving, which can capture the long temporal dependencies of multiple vehicles sensors' data, supporting drivers' behavior analysis on vehicles. Some optimization methods, such as model compression, weight quantization, adaptive window segmentation, are applied to make the deep network faster and less power. Therefore, it can be easily deployed on smart-phones and other embedded devices due to its moderate energy consumption and low latency. The architecture was trained in a sequence-to-sequence prediction manner, and it explicitly learns to predict the driving patterns given the temporal context. The experiment is executed on the smart-phone. Experimental results for different parameters are also presented in the paper. At last, we reduce the model size to 77 KB, the processing time to 4.27 ms, and the power overhead is 7.7 mW, the percentage of improved performance by our optimizations is over 60%.
Research on Qos Protocol Based on Quantum State Algorithm for MANET

With the increase in size and application are of the communication network, more attention has been paid to the invulnerability of mobile ad hoc network. By analyzing the working mechanism and key techniques of the Ad Hoc Qos routing models, the searching for the most optimal routing is NP-hard problem. There is only sub-optimal routing available because of the rather high complexity of the algorithm. This paper analysis the Qos parameters firstly, then build the quantum multi-programming model considering the link distance, node power and time delay to choose the optimal route to transmit the data effetely. Simulations and comparisons with some typical route algorithms show that our algorithm is robust and effective.
Clinical Significance of the Presence or Absence of Lipid‐Rich Plaque Underneath Intact Fibrous Cap Plaque in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background Although most coronary thromboses occur on the surface of lipid‐rich plaque (LRP) with plaque rupture (PR), previous pathological and optical coherence tomography studies demonstrated diversity in the morphological characteristics of culprit plaque underlying the thrombus, including lesions with intact fibrous cap (IFC). We investigated the clinical significance of IFC in relation to the presence or absence of LRP observed via optical coherence tomography in culprit lesions of acute coronary syndrome. Methods and Results We investigated 510 patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent optical coherence tomography for the culprit lesion. Optical coherence tomography analysis included the presence or absence of PR, which were categorized into the PR group and the IFC group, respectively. The IFC group was further categorized on the basis of the presence of LRP. Incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and clinically driven remote revascularizations, was compared. Culprit lesions were categorized into 328 PRs and 182 IFCs. MACEs occurred in 85 patients (16.7%) during the median follow‐up duration of 621 days. LRP was detected in 325 lesions (99%) with PR, whereas 60 (33.0%) of the lesions with IFC did not show LRP. Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed significantly lower MACEs in the IFC group compared with the PR group. Furthermore, the IFC group without LRP showed significantly lower MACEs compared with the IFC group with LRP. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated that IFC without LRP was an independent predictor of better prognosis. Conclusions Exclusion of LRP underneath IFC culprit lesions in acute coronary syndrome may predict a lower risk of future MACEs.
Magnetization transfer in liposome and proteoliposome samples that mimic the protein and lipid composition of myelin

Although magnetization transfer (MT) has been widely used in brain MRI, for example in brain inflammation and multiple sclerosis, the detailed molecular origin of MT effects and the role that proteins play in MT remain unclear. In this work, a proteoliposome model system was used to mimic the myelin environment and to examine the roles of protein, cholesterol, brain cerebrosides, and sphingomyelin embedded in the liposome matrix. Exchange parameters were determined using a double‐quantum filter experiment. The goal was to determine the relative contributions to exchange and MT of cerebrosides, sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and proteins in 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine bilayers. The main finding was that cerebrosides produced the strongest exchange effects, and that these were even more pronounced than those found for proteins. Sphingomyelin (which also has exchangeable groups at the head of the fatty acid chains, albeit closer to the lipid acyl chains) and cholesterol showed only minimal transfer. Overall, the extracted exchange rates appeared much smaller than commonly assumed for ‐OH and ‐NH groups.
ECG Multilead QT Interval Estimation Using Support Vector Machines

This work reports a multilead QT interval measurement algorithm for a high-resolution digital electrocardiograph. The software enables off-line ECG processing including QRS detection as well as an accurate multilead QT interval detection algorithm using support vector machines (SVMs). Two fiducial points (Qini and Tend) are estimated using the SVM algorithm on each incoming beat. This enables segmentation of the current beat for obtaining the P, QRS, and T waves. The QT interval is estimated by updating the QT interval on each lead, considering shifting techniques with respect to a valid beat template. The validation of the QT interval measurement algorithm is attained using the Physionet PTB diagnostic ECG database showing a percent error of 2.60 ± 2.25 msec with respect to the database annotations. The usefulness of this software tool is also tested by considering the analysis of the ECG signals for a group of 60 patients acquired using our digital electrocardiograph. In this case, the validation is performed by comparing the estimated QT interval with respect to the estimation obtained using the Cardiosoft software providing a percent error of 2.49 ± 1.99 msec.
Scalable data analysis in proteomics and metabolomics using BioContainers and workflows engines

The recent improvements in mass spectrometry instruments and new analytical methods are increasing the intersection between proteomics and big data science. In addition, the bioinformatics analysis is becoming an increasingly complex and convoluted process involving multiple algorithms and tools. A wide variety of methods and software tools have been developed for computational proteomics and metabolomics during recent years, and this trend is likely to continue. However, most of the computational proteomics and metabolomics tools are targeted and design for single desktop application limiting the scalability and reproducibility of the data analysis. In this paper we overview the key steps of metabolomic and proteomics data processing including main tools and software use to perform the data analysis. We discuss the combination of software containers with workflows environments for large scale metabolomics and proteomics analysis. Finally, we introduced to the proteomics and metabolomics communities a new approach for reproducible and large-scale data analysis based on BioContainers and two of the most popular workflows environments: Galaxy and Nextflow.
Research Progress on the Animal Models of Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Current Status and Further Perspectives

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major concern in clinical studies as well as in postmarketing surveillance. It is necessary to establish an animal model of DILI for thorough investigation of mechanisms of DILI and searching for protective medications. This article reviews the current status and future perspective on establishment of DILI models based on different hepatotoxic drugs, as well as the underlying mechanisms of liver function damage induced by specific medicine. Therefore, information from this article can help researchers make a suitable selection of animal models for further study.
Granularity in Route Directions generated by Systems and Humans

We address spatial granularity in route directions in relation to information needs in a case study that provides a situation involving different modalities of travel (i.e., walking and travel by public transport). Results reveal that the two sets of route directions investigated (human and web-based) provide the most crucial route elements in hierarchically structured ways that reflect the salient structure imposed by multi-modal traveling. However, human route directions account for the asymmetric information needs assumed for the given scenario in a more flexible and coherent way.
Enhanced Schedulability Analysis of Hard Real-time Systems on Power Manageable Multi-core Platforms

Nowadays, the multi-core platforms have become the de-facto solution to cope with the rapid increase of system complexity and energy consumption. Additionally, the dynamic power management (DPM) and the dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVS) are two well-established techniques to adjust the trade-off between the system performance and power consumption during runtime. However, in the context of hard real-time systems the DPM and DVS have to be applied with great caution due to timing constraints. The problem of DPM/DVS based power-aware scheduling has been extensively addressed on single-core platforms. Therefore some recent studies have proposed to adapt the existing results to multi-core platforms by performing the task partition in advance. In this article, we show that this approach may not work correctly any more, if the cluster-based multi-core platforms with non-negligible DPM and DVS state switching overhead are considered. More specifically, additional delays are introduced into the task execution and thus the traditional schedulability analysis becomes insufficient. We propose a simple runtime mechanism for idle time prediction to deal with the DPM state switching overhead and two solutions to enhance the schedulability analysis by taking the DVS state switching overhead into consideration: the conservative protocol and the speed inheritance protocol. Finally, the solutions are evaluated by means of simulation.
A Cross-Media Presence Questionnaire: The ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory

The presence research community would benefit from a reliable and valid cross-media presence measure that allows results from different laboratories to be compared and a more comprehensive knowledge base to be developed. The ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory (ITC-SOPI) is a new state questionnaire measure whose development has been informed by previous research on the determinants of presence and current self-report measures. It focuses on users' experiences of media, with no reference to objective system parameters. More than 600 people completed the ITC-SOPI following an experience with one of a range of noninteractive and interactive media. Exploratory analysis (principal axis factoring) revealed four factors: Sense of Physical Space, Engagement, Ecological Validity, and Negative Effects. Relations between the factors and the consistency of the factor structure with others reported in the literature are discussed. Preliminary analyses described here demonstrate that the ITC-SOPI is reliable and valid, but more rigorous testing of its psychometric properties and applicability to interactive virtual environments is required. Subject to satisfactory confirmatory analyses, the ITC-SOPI will offer researchers using a range of media systems a tool with which to measure four facets of a media experience that are putatively related to presence.
Clock Synchronization in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Based on an Iterative Approximate Byzantine Consensus Protocol

We consider the clock synchronization problem in wireless mobile ad hoc networks in the presence of Byzantine nodes. The communication topology is dynamic: nodes move randomly within a geographical area. We propose a clock synchronization protocol which is based on the linear approximate consensus method. Periodically each correct node broadcasts its current timestamp and gathers the timestamps provided by its current neighbors. To cope with the malicious nodes (and to improve the performance when the node density is low), each node keeps the collected timestamps in a local log. As a log may contain values received more or less recently, a transformation technique is introduced to refresh the outdated values. The accuracy of the synchronisation depends on the connectivity among the moving nodes. We use a matrix and vector based representation to model the behavior of the synchronization process and to analyze its accuracy. We show that the deviation between the different clock values can converge towards zero when a particular condition is satisfied infinitely often. The frequency at which the condition is satisfied also impacts the synchronization accuracy. Based on a particular mobility scenario, performance simulations are conducted.
Sensors, motors, and tuning in the cochlea: interacting cells could form a surface acoustic wave resonator

The outer hair cells of the cochlea occur in three distinct and geometrically precise rows and, unusually, display both sensing and motor properties. As well as sensing sound, outer hair cells (OHCs) undergo cycle-by-cycle length changes in response to stimulation. OHCs are central to the way in which the cochlea processes and amplifies sounds, but how they do so is presently unknown. In explanation, this paper proposes that outer hair cells act like a single-port surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator in which the interdigital electrodes—the three distinctive rows—exhibit the required electromechanical and mechanoelectrical properties. Thus, frequency analysis in the cochlea might occur through sympathetic resonance of a bank of interacting cells whose microscopic separation largely determines the resonance frequency. In this way, the cochlea could be tuned from 20 Hz at the apex, where the spacing is largest, to 20 kHz at the base, where it is smallest. A suitable candidate for a wave that could mediate such a short-wavelength interaction—a ‘squirting wave’ known in ultrasonics—has recently been described. Such a SAW resonator could thereby underlie the ‘cochlear amplifier’—the device whose action is evident to auditory science but whose identity has not yet been established.
Detection of biofilm formation and nanobacteria under long-term cell culture conditions in serum samples of cattle, goats, cats, and dogs.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of biofilm formation under long-term cell culture conditions in serum samples of dairy cattle, goats, cats, and dogs, and to determine whether there is an association between nanobacteria and biofilm formation. SAMPLE POPULATION Serum samples of clinically normal animals (313 dairy cattle, 48 goats, 140 dogs, and 44 cats) and animals with various medical conditions (60 dogs and 116 cats). PROCEDURE Serum was incubated under cell culture conditions and observed for biofilm formation by use of light microscopy, electron microscopy, and spectroscopy. A polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to identify 16S rRNA gene sequences of nanobacteria. RESULTS Biofilm formation developed in serum samples of 304 of 313 (97%) cattle, 44 of 48 (92%) goats, 44 of 44 (100%) cats, and 126 of 140 (90%) dogs. Prevalence of serum samples with positive results for biofilm formation was not significantly different between cats or dogs with and without medical conditions associated with pathologic extraskeletal calcification processes. Scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopy of biofilm samples revealed small coccoid particles consisting mainly of calcium and phosphate. Polymerase chain reaction assay failed to amplify sequences of nanobacteria. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Under long-term cell culture conditions, biofilm made up of aggregates of calcium and phosphate crystals does form in serum samples of clinically normal dairy cattle, goats, cats, and dogs. Disease, however, does not predispose to biofilm formation in serum samples of dogs and cats. Our findings did not support the existence of nanobacteria in serum samples of cattle, goats, cats, and dogs.
The atomic force microscope as a mechano–electrochemical pen

We demonstrate a method that allows the controlled writing of metallic patterns on the nanometer scale using the tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) as a “mechano–electrochemical pen”. In contrast to previous experiments, no voltage is applied between the AFM tip and the sample surface. Instead, a passivated sample surface is activated locally due to lateral forces between the AFM tip and the sample surface. In this way, the area of tip–sample interaction is narrowly limited by the mechanical contact between tip and sample, and well-defined metallic patterns can be written reproducibly. Nanoscale structures and lines of copper were deposited, and the line widths ranged between 5 nm and 80 nm, depending on the deposition parameters. A procedure for the sequential writing of metallic nanostructures is introduced, based on the understanding of the passivation process. The mechanism of this mechano–electrochemical writing technique is investigated, and the processes of site-selective surface depassivation, deposition, dissolution and repassivation of electrochemically deposited nanoscale metallic islands are studied in detail.
An automatic fascicle tracking algorithm quantifying gastrocnemius architecture during maximal effort contractions

Background Ultrasound has become a commonly used imaging modality for making dynamic measurements of muscle structure during functional movements in biomechanical studies. Manual measurements of fascicle length and pennation angle are time intensive which limits the clinical utility of this approach while also limiting sample sizes in research. The purpose of this study was to develop an automatic fascicle tracking program to quantify the length and pennation angle of a muscle fascicle during maximal effort voluntary contractions and to evaluate its repeatability between days and reproducibility between different examiners. Methods Five healthy adults performed maximal effort isometric and isokinetic contractions at 30, 120, 210, and 500 degrees per second about their ankle on an isokinetic dynamometer while their medial gastrocnemius muscle was observed using ultrasound. Individual muscle fascicles and the two aponeuroses were identified by the user in the first frame and automatically tracked by the algorithm by three observers on three separate days. Users also made manual measurements of the candidate fascicle for validation. Repeatability within examiners across days and reproducibility across examiners and days were evaluated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Agreement between manual and automatic tracking was evaluated using the coefficient of multiple correlations (CMC) and root-mean-square error. Supervised automatic tracking, where the program could be reinitialized if poor tracking was observed, was performed on all videos by one examiner to evaluate the performance of automatic tracking in a typical use case. We also compared the performance our program to a preexisting automatic tracking program. Results We found both manual and automatic measurements of fascicle length and pennation angle to be strongly repeatable within examiners and strongly reproducible across examiners and days (ICCs > 0.74). There was greater agreement between manual and automatic measurements of fascicle length than pennation angle, however the mean CMC value was found to be strong in both cases (CMC > 0.8). Supervision of automatic tracking showed very strong agreement between manual and automatic measurements of fascicle length and pennation angle (CMC > 0.94). It also had considerably less error relative to the preexisting automatic tracking program. Conclusions We have developed a novel automatic fascicle tracking algorithm that quantifies fascicle length and pennation angle of individual muscle fascicles during dynamic contractions during isometric and across a range of isokinetic velocities. We demonstrated that this fascicle tracking algorithm is strongly repeatable and reproducible across different examiners and different days and showed strong agreement with manual measurements, especially when tracking is supervised by the user so that tracking can be reinitialized if poor tracking quality is observed.
Determination of Human Hemoglobin Derivatives

Abstract The levels of the inactive hemoglobin (Hb) pigments [such as methemoglobin (metHb), carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) and sulfohemoglobin (SHb)] and the active Hb [in the oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) form] as well as the blood Hb concentration in healthy non pregnant female volunteers were determined using a newly developed multi-component spectrophotometric method. The results of this method revealed values of SHb% in the range (0.0727–0.370%), metHb% (0.43–1.0%), HbCO% (0.4–1.52%) and oxyHb% (97.06–98.62%). Furthermore, the results of this method revealed values of blood Hb concentration in the range (12.608–15.777 g/dL). The method is highly sensitive, accurate and reproducible.
Clinical management issues vary by specialty in the Victorian Audit of Surgical Mortality: a retrospective observational study

Objective Clinical management issues are contributory factors to mortality. The aim of this study was to use data from the Victorian Audit of Surgical Mortality (VASM), an educational peer-review process for surgeons, to discover differences in the incidence of these issues between surgical specialties in order to focus attention to areas of care that might be improved. Design This study used retrospectively analysed observational data from VASM. Clinical management issues between eight specialties were assessed using χ2 analysis. Data sources VASM data were reported by participating public and private health services, the Coroner and self-reporting surgeons across Victoria. Results A total of 2946 specific clinical issues as deficiencies of care were reported. 15% of cases had significant issues of care. The most common clinical management issue was the delay in delivery of treatment. Other clinical issues included the quality of communication and documentation, preoperative and postoperative care, adverse events and protocol issues. There were significant differences in issues between specialties. Conclusions The clinical management issues presented across surgical specialties were similar; however, five issues of clinical care differed significantly in frequency across surgical specialties. The three main issues varying among specialties were complications after operation, communication and postoperative care. Addressing these clinical management issues via the peer-review process may impact positively on patient care.
Implementing a general real-time scheduling framework in the RED-Linux real-time kernel

Many scheduling paradigms have been studied for real-time applications and real-time communication network. Among them, the most commonly used paradigms include priority-driven, time-driven and share-driven paradigms. In this paper, we present a general scheduling framework which is designed to integrate these paradigms in one framework. The framework is implemented in our real-time extension of the Linux kernel, RED-Linux. Two scheduler components are used in the framework: Allocator and Dispatcher. For each job, the framework identifies four scheduling attributes: priority, start time, finish time and budget. We show that the framework can be used to efficiently implement many well-known scheduling algorithms. We also measure and analyze the performance of the framework implemented in RED-Linux.