Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Capacity , and Resilience

We present a conceptual framework that explores some of the forces creating innovation and novelty in complex systems. Understanding the sources of variability and novelty may help us better understand complex systems. Understanding complex phenomena such as invasions, migration, and nomadism may provide insight into the structure of ecosystems and other complex systems, and aid our attempts to cope with and mitigate these phenomena, in the case of invasions, and better understand and or predict them. Our model is broadly applicable to ecological theory, including community ecology, resilience, restoration, and policy. Characterizing the link between landscape change and the composition of species communities may help policymakers in their decision-making processes. Understanding how variability is related to system structure, and how that generates novelty, may help us understand how resilience is generated. We suggest that there are three primary opportunities for the generation of novelty into complex systems. These sources of novelty are inherent in the cross-scale structure of complex systems, and are critical for creating adaptive capacity. Novelty originates from the inherent variability present in cross scale structures, within scale reorganization associated with adaptive cycles, and whole-scale transformations resulting from regime shifts. Although speculative, our ideas are grounded in research and observation, and they may provide insight into the evolution of complex systems.
A component-labeling algorithm using contour tracing technique

A new method for finding connected components frombinary images is presented in this article. The main stepof this method is to use a contour tracing technique todetect component contours and also to fill in interior areas.All the component points are traced by this algorithmin a single pass and are assigned either a new label orthe same label as their neighboring pixels. Experimentingon various types of document images (characters, pictures,newspapers, etc.), we find that our method outperformsthe other sequential methods using the equivalencetechnique. Our algorithm, moreover, is a method that notonly labels components but also extracts component contoursat the same time, which proves to be more usefulthan those algorithms that only label components.
High-Level Synthesis Methodologies for Delay-Area Optimized Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Coprocessor Architectures

As Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) process technology continues to scale down transistor sizes, modern computing devices are becoming extremely complex. In order to face this complexity explosion, the shifting of design methodologies towards higher level of abstraction has been proposed. This high level view of the design procedure enables the automated synthesis of applications’ architecture that is written in an application-level description i.e. C/C++. Additionally, it allows designers to explore the tradeoffs between different system and implementation parameters to conclude in an efficient design solution. The work done during this PhD thesis targets the exploration and optimization of the design solutions in a global manner, by focusing on the combined development of novel (i) system-level automated design methodologies/tools and (ii) circuit-level techniques for a specific class of system architectures - reconfigurable systems. Reconfigurable Computing has been proposed as a new paradigm to address the conflicting design requirements for high performance and area efficiency. Towards this direction, fine- and coarse-grained reconfigurable coprocessor architectures have been presented. Unlike fine-grained, coarse-grained architectures (CGA) operate at the word level of granularity exhibiting better power and performance features, close to ASIC solutions [1]. However, a performance-area-power gap still exists for CGAs to overcome ASIC implementations [2]. Thus, new fundamental design problems/questions has been raised. Does this gap be a bridgeable one? How can CGAs shift even closer to ASIC datapaths? In order to address the aforementioned problems, we identified that hardware sharing at the bit-level generates CGAs with performance and area characteristics closer to ASICs than the existing ones. Thus, this thesis proposes new architectural templates and the corresponding high level synthesis methodologies to enable a new shifting on the state-of-the-art of CGAs.
Bacterial carbon production in Lake Erie is influenced by viruses and solar radiation

Bacterial production is an integral recycling mechanism that facilitates carbon flow through aquatic food webs. Factors influencing bacterial activity therefore impact carbon flow. Although ecologists consider grazing and dis - solved organic carbon flux to be the major regulators of bacterial activity, we explored two other important pressures. Virus-like particle abundance ranged from 3.7 ◊ 10 10 to 37.9 ◊ 10 10 ·L -1 in samples collected during August 1997 and July 1998. Bacterial abundance during these periods ranged from 1.8 ◊ 10 9 to 4.6 ◊1 0 9 ·L -1 . Based on electron micro- scopic analysis, viruses in Lake Erie would have been responsible for 12.1-23.4% of bacterial mortality and, in quasi- steady-state conditions, a comparable loss of bacterial productivity. In the central basin, solar radiation was also dem - onstrated to regulate bacterial productivity. Ultraviolet radiation (295-400 nm) was shown to inhibit bacterial productiv - ity according to a cumulative exposure kinetic model, and biological weighting functions were derived to enable calculation of time- and depth-integrated photoinhibition. The daytime photoinhibitory loss of bacterial carbon produc - tion was estimated to be 14-30% over the upper 5 m, primarily due to ultraviolet radiation >320 nm. Viruses and sun- light are therefore of comparable importance as regulators of bacterial activity in this system. Resume : La production bacterienne constitue un mecanisme de recyclage integral qui facilite le flux de carbone dans les reseaux alimentaires aquatiques. Les facteurs qui influent sur l'activite bacterienne ont donc un impact sur le flux de carbone. Les ecologistes considerent que le broutage et le flux de carbone organique dissous sont les principaux re- gulateurs de l'activite bacterienne, mais nous examinons ici deux autres facteurs importants. Dans des echantillons re- cueillis en aout 1997 et en juillet 1998, l'abondance des particules viroides etait de 3,7 a 37,9 ◊ 10 10 ·L -1 . L'abondance des bacteries dans ces periodes etait de 1,8 a 4,6 ◊ 10 9 ·L -1 . Selon des analyses par microscopie electronique, les virus
Architecture Adaptation Based on Belief Inaccuracy Estimation

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are systems of cooperating autonomous components which closely interact with and control the physical environment. Being distributed and typically based on periodic activities, CPS have to cope with the problem that data capturing a distributed state of the system and its environment are inherently inaccurate (they represent belief on the state). In particular, this poses a problem when dependability is being pursued. In this paper we address this issue by modeling belief at the architecture level. In particular, we enhance the architecture by models describing belief inaccuracy over time. We exploit these models to quantify at runtime the impact of belief staleness on its inaccuracy. We then use this quantification to drive architectural adaptation with the aim to increase dependability of the running CPS system.
STAT 3-mediated regulation of miR-199 a-5 p links cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell function in the heart : A key role for ubiquitin-conjugation enzymes

Dept. of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical School Hannover, Dept. of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical School Hannover, Germany, Dept. of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical School Hannover, 30625 Hannover, University of Heidelberg, Dept. of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Medical School Hannover, Dept. of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, St. Josef-Hospital, 44791 Bochum, Germany, Dept. of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, RuhrUniversity Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
Yet Another SVM for MiRNA Recognition : yasMiR

We designed a new SVM for microRNA identification, whose novelty is two-folded: firstly many of its features incorporate the base-pairing probabilities provided by McCaskill’s algorithm, and secondly the classification perfo rmance is improved by using a certain similarity (“profile”based) measure between the training and test microRNAs and a set of carefully chosen (“pivot”) RNA sequences. Comparisons with some of the best existing SVMs for microRNA identification prove that our SVM obtains truly competitive results. Topical keywords: bioinformatics, molecular sequence classification, tools and methods for computational biolog y. Contact author: Liviu Ciortuz (ciortuz@info.uaic.ro). Availability: The source code of our system and the datasets we used can be found at the address www.info.uaic.ro/∼ciortuz/yasmir.
The Capitalist Machine: Computerization, Workers’ Power, and the Decline in Labor’s Share within U.S. Industries

This article addresses an important trend in contemporary income inequality—a decline in labor’s share of national income and a rise in capitalists’ profits share. Since the late 1970s, labor’s share declined by 6 percent across the U.S. private sector. As I will show, this overall decline was due to a large decline (5 to 14 percent) in construction, manufacturing, and transportation combined with an increase, albeit small (2 to 5 percent), in labor’s share within finance and services industries. To explain the overall decline and the diverse trends across industries, I argue that the main factor leading to the decline in labor’s share was the erosion in workers’ positional power, and this erosion was partly an outcome of class-biased technological change, namely computerization that favored employers over most employees. I combine data from several sources to test for the independent effects of workers’ positional power indicators (i.e., unionization, capital concentration, import penetration, and unemployment) and the direct and indirect effects of computer technology on changes in labor’s share within 43 nonagricultural private industries and 451 manufacturing industries between 1969 and 2007. Results from error correction models with fixed-effect estimators support the study’s arguments.
Implicit association Self-concept test in studying of violence-related cognitions

* Plotka Irina — Doctor of Science in Psychology, Professor, Director of Professional Master Study Programme “Psychology”, Head of the Department Psychology, Baltic International Academy, Riga, Latvia, irinaplotka@inbox.lv ** Simane-Vigante Laura — Master of Psychology, Researcher, Department of Psychology, Baltic International Academy, Riga, Latvia, l.simane@inbox.lv *** Blumenau Nina — Doctor of Science in Engineering, Associated Professor, Department of Psychology, Baltic International Academy, Riga, Latvia, nina.blum@gmail.com For citation: Plotka I. , Simane-Vigante L. , Blumenau N. Implicit association Self-concept test in studying of violence-related cognitions. Sotsial'naia psikhologiia i obshchestvo [Social Psychology and Society], 2018. Vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 176—186. doi:10.17759/sps.2018090317 (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.). Implicit association Self-concept test in studying of violence-related cognitions
Video Self-Modeling to Treat Aggression in Students Significantly Impacted by Autism Spectrum Disorder

Research suggests that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at risk of exhibiting aggressive behaviors due to deficits in social communication and restricted and repetitive interests. Individuals with greater symptom severity and/or low cognitive abilities are at the greatest risk of developing aggressive behaviors that tend to be resistant to treatment. Additional research to treat persistently high rates of aggressive behaviors in this population is needed. Video self-modeling (VSM) is an evidence-based practice that has proven effective for individuals with ASD. This study implemented a VSM intervention with three middle school children significantly impacted by ASD who displayed aggressive behaviors using single case design with intersubject replication. Findings demonstrated that all three children decreased in aggressive behavior and maintained that decrease postintervention. Further educational implications are addressed on the use of VSM for addressing aggressive behaviors in children significantly impacted by ASD.
Field Emission and Thermal Breakdown in Superconducting Niobium Cavities for Accelerators

Field emission and thermal breakdown are the main mechanisms limiting the accelerating gradient of niobium radio-frequency cavities. Diagnostic tools to study these mechanisms include quality measurements, thermometry, and microscopy. Results presented here demonstrate that micron-size, conducting particles are the source of field emission. Thermal breakdown is caused by a variety of defects such as inclusions, pits, and submillimeter-size particles. Techniques developed to minimize field emission and thermal breakdown include clean-room assembly, high-power processing (to avoid field emission) and the use of high-purity niobium (to avoid thermal breakdown). With these techniques, accelerating gradients of 20–30 MV/m can be achieved in
Evaluation of Variously-Treated Sawdust as Part- Replacement for Molasses-Treated Wheat Offal in Goat (Capra prisca ) Rations

A feeding trial, using Goat, (Capra prisca) as test animal was designed to evaluate the value of chemically treate d sawdust (an urban solid waste) in a 50% replacement (1:1 ratio) with wheat offal. The aim was to recycle this waste by converting it to animal feeds tuff, thereby preventing environmental pollution which it has constituted. T he results showed a significant effect (P<0.05) of the rations on Avera ge Daily Weight Gains, Feed Intake, Feed Conversion Ratio and Feed Cost. T here was, however, no significant effect on Average Daily Weight Gains be tween the control, wheat offal and 50% replaced urea-treated sawdust. It was concluded that sawdust can be chemically treated to enhance its voluntary acceptability and nutritional parameters in small ruminant nutrition. The economic and health costs associated with its current management in und er-developed nations can thus be transformed with this economically sound, h ealthy and sustainable method.
Considerations on the Grid oriented environmental application development framework

Environmental applications play an important role in the modern society due to the accuracy and the quality of the services they provide (weather forecast, meteorological or temperature prediction). The complexity of these applications makes them very hard to implement in a general, but still easy to use framework. Because of the large volume of processing data, most of the environmental models must be implemented as Grid applications, used for speeding up the execution process. This paper highlights some considerations in developing a framework capable of supporting different type of application, different input datasets (e.g. MODIS, Landsat, Thunderbird satellite images), but in the same time flexible enough to be understood by any kind of user. This could be achieved by using graphs for the workflow description of the application.
Reliability and Factor Structure of the Maternal Interactive Beliefs Questionnaire Translated into Persian

The Maternal Interactive Beliefs Questionnaire (Johnston and Wong, 2002) assesses maternal beliefs about children’s language development. This study investigated the psychometric properties of a Persian translation of this questionnaire. The translation followed the protocol of the World Health Organization. Psychometric properties were evaluated using data from 301 Iranian mothers of children aged two to five years. The internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the total scores were calculated for comparative purposes, and an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the underlying structure. A principal component analysis revealed two components (accounting for 14.46% and 7.57% of the variance, respectively). The first component represented supportive maternal beliefs. The second component represented directive maternal beliefs. Cronbach’s alpha for components one, two and the total scores were acceptable (0.73, 0.71, and 0.73, respectively), and the test–retest reliability of the total score was high (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.97). Consistent with previous research, the findings indicated that the translated survey is reliable to be used with Iranian mothers. The novel finding is that the survey has two underlying and theoretically plausible components; therefore, the use of a total scale score is cautioned. We recommend future testing of the two components.
The Mini and Micro Industries

Market pressures have forced marginal computer firms out of business. Looking to compatibles, wary customers are helping create de facto standards. W ith today's multitiered, over-W lapping set of programmable computer classes, where and how computing can be done and how much it will cost can vary considerably. Computing costs can be anywhere from $100 to $10 million (Figure 1). In addition, computing devices can include electronic typewriters with built-in communication capability, further increasing the choices to be made and the complexity of the information processing market. What is happening to mini and mainframe companies as the micro continues to pervade the industry? One thing is that several traditional mainframe suppliers, Burroughs, Univac, NCR, CDC, and Honeywell (or BUNCH, for brevity's sake), are experiencing a declining market share as mainframe customers select IBM-compatible hardware as a standard and turn to other forms of computing. Fujitsu, Hitachi, Mitsubishi, and NEC supply commodity main-frames, which are distributed through Amdahl, National, Univac, and Honeywell. The microprocessor-based systems are the newest alternative for distributed computation. New companies are forming to develop these products ; Burroughs and NCR have distribution agreements with new microprocessor suppliers such as Convergent Technology. As microprocessor technology continues to be substituted for that of traditional minicomputers, these suppliers find themselves in a situation similar to BUNCH's dilemma. For example, SEL and Prime, minicomputer manufacturers, have marketing/ distribution agreements with Con-vergent Technology, but mini companies must compete with systems built from high-performance, commodity,oriented, 32-bit MOS-based microprocessors-processors that provide the same performance as the traditional TTL-based processors at a small fraction of the cost. In short, the forecast could be gloomy for mini companies. Just as the mainframe companies were unable to respond to the mini, the mini companies will have difficulty moving to meet the micro challenge Table 1. Minicomputer technology cir-ca 1970.
A Two-Phase Bio-NER System Based on Integrated Classifiers and Multiagent Strategy

Biomedical named entity recognition (Bio-NER) is a fundamental step in biomedical text mining. This paper presents a two-phase Bio-NER model targeting at JNLPBA task. Our two-phase method divides the task into two subtasks: named entity detection (NED) and named entity classification (NEC). The NED subtask is accomplished based on the two-layer stacking method in the first phase, where named entities (NEs) are distinguished from nonnamed-entities (NNEs) in biomedical literatures without identifying their types. Then six classifiers are constructed by four toolkits (CRF++, YamCha, maximum entropy, Mallet) with different training methods and integrated based on the two-layer stacking method. In the second phase for the NEC subtask, the multiagent strategy is introduced to determine the correct entity type for entities identified in the first phase. The experiment results show that the presented approach can achieve an F-score of 76.06 percent, which outperforms most of the state-of-the-art systems.
How naive is naive SpMV on the GPU?

Sparse matrix vector multiplication (SpMV) is the workhorse for a wide range of linear algebra computations. In a serial setting, naive implementations for direct multiplication and transposed multiplication achieve very competitive performance. In parallel settings, especially on graphics hardware, it is widely believed that naive implementations cannot reach the performance of highly tuned parallel implementations and complex data formats. Most often, the cost for data conversion to these specialized formats as well as the cost for transpose operations are neglected, as they do not arise in all algorithms. In this paper, we revisit the naive implementation of SpMV for the GPU. Relying on recent advances in GPU hardware, such as fast hardware supported atomic operations and better cache performance, we show that a naive implementation can reach the performance of state-of-the-art SpMV implementations. In case the cost of format conversion and transposition cannot be amortized over many SpMV operations a naive implementation can even outperform state-of-the-art implementations significantly. Experimental results over a variety of data sets suggest that the adoption of the naive serial implementation to the GPU is not as inferior as it used to be on previous hardware generations. The integration of some naive strategies can potentially speed up state-of-the-art GPU SpMV implementations, especially in the transpose case.
Clustering and Inference From Pairwise Comparisons

Given a set of pairwise comparisons, the classical ranking problem computes a single ranking that best represents the preferences of all users. In this paper, we study the problem of inferring individual preferences, arising in the context of making personalized recommendations. In particular, we assume users form clusters; users of the same cluster provide similar pairwise comparisons for the items according to the Bradley-Terry model. We propose an efficient algorithm to estimate the preference for each user: first, compute the net-win vector for each user using the comparisons; second, cluster the users based on the net-win vectors; third, estimate a single preference for each cluster separately. We show that the net-win vectors are much less noisy than the high dimensional vectors of pairwise comparisons, therefore our algorithm can cluster the users reliably. Moreover, we show that, when a cluster is only approximately correct, the maximum likelihood estimation for the Bradley-Terry model is still close to the true preference.