Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the effects of open innovation policies on national innovation systems through system dynamics simulation: applying the results to Cambodia

Article Info Abstract Nowadays, the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation and to expand the markets for external use of innovation has become essential in business strategies and national policies. In addition, the importance of knowledge and technology diffusion requires better understanding of knowledge networks and “national innovation systems”. We want to answer this research question: What kinds of effect will occur in national innovation systems (NISs) if different levels of open innovation policies are introduced into NISs? According to literature review, perfect open innovation policies should have three aspects, namely, knowledge and technology production, distribution, and consumption. We build up a causal loop diagram and a system dynamics model to simulate the effects of open innovation policies on NISs and apply the results to the case of Cambodia to develop a Cambodian science and technology master plan. Key Words
Generalized N-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis and Its Application to Statistical Appearance Modeling of Facial Images with Multiple Modes

PCT No. PCT/DE94/01180 Sec. 371 Date Jul. 1, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Jul. 1, 1996 PCT Filed Sep. 28, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/10634 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 20, 1995A process and a device for introducing gases into a metal melt contained in metallurgical vessels via ducts arranged in the refractory lining of the vessel. In order to permit deeper penetration of the jet of gas and better mixing with the melt, an oscillating jet of gas is produced and introduced into the melt. For this purpose, several acoustic generators with which the gas is brought into contact with the melt are provided in the device.
Older Adults’ Social Relations: Life Satisfaction to Widowhood

The objective of this study was to examine the breadth and depth of relationships with relatives and friends and the possible implications of those relationships with regards to life satisfaction to widowhood. Data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) survey were used, which sampled persons 57-85 years of age (N=3005). It was hypothesized that older widowed adults have greater quality of both family and friend relationships than do older married adults. Structural Equational Modeling analysis results supported these hypotheses, revealing that older widowed adults reported higher quality of engagement in family and friend relations compared to older married adults, possibly enabling greater life satisfaction to widowhood.
Benefits of Thalassotherapy with Sleep Management on Mood States and Well-being, and Cognitive and Physical Capacities in Healthy Workers

Objective: Thalassotherapy, which combines seawater hydrotherapy and the marine climate, improves mood, fatigue, general well-being, and physical capacities in the working population, but little is known on the interest to add sleep management to cares. We investigated effects of three days of thalassotherapy cares combined with sleep management on psychological and physical capacities using subjective and objective tests in healthy workers. Methods: Cares were undertaken in the morning after tests (10:15-12:15) and in the afternoon (14:15-16:15). Participants were asked to go to sleep from 22:30 to 07:00. Tests were performed at 09:00 before arriving to the resort (T0), the day after arrival (T1), the days following cares (T2, T3, T4), the day after week-end at home (T5) and after three days working (T6). Results: Polysomnographic sleep analysis showed that Total Sleep Time was significantly higher (+6%) the second night compared to the first, indicating an immediate positive effect of hydrotherapy cares. Self-reported mood states and health outcomes scores were improved at T2 in comparison with T1 (-67% for total mood disturbances, -17% for anxiety, -71% for fatigue, +23% for general well-being), as was daytime sleepiness (-26%). The number of lapses in the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (as objective marker of sustained attention) was significantly lower (-59%) at T2 compared to T1, whereas a delayed increase of lower limb flexibility was observed at T4 compared to T1 (+38%). Conclusion: Three days of thalassotherapy combined to sleep management have immediate beneficial effects on self-reported mood states, anxiety, fatigue, well-being and daytime sleepiness, as well as on the objective evaluation of sustained attention, in healthy workers. Beneficial effects on lower limb flexibility are observed after 3 days of cares. Positive effects were still observed after the weekend back home and after 3 days of return to work.
Evaluating XMPP communication in IEC 61499-based distributed energy applications

The IEC 61499 reference model provides an international standard developed specifically for supporting the creation of distributed event-based automation systems. Functionality is abstracted into function blocks which can be coded graphically as well as via a text-based method. As one of the design goals was the ability to support distributed control applications, communication plays a central role in the IEC 61499 specification. In order to enable the deployment of functionality to distributed platforms, these platforms need to exchange data in a variety of protocols. IEC 61499 realizes the support of these protocols via “Service Interface Function Blocks” (SIFBs). In the context of smart grids and energy applications, IEC 61499 could play an important role, as these applications require coordinating several distributed control logics. Yet, the support of grid-related protocols is a pre-condition for a wide-spread utilization of IEC 61499. The eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) on the other hand is a well-established protocol for messaging, which has recently been adopted for smart grid communication. Thus, SIFBs for XMPP facilitate distributed control applications, which use XMPP for exchanging all control relevant data, being realized with the help of IEC 61499. This paper introduces the idea of integrating XMPP into SIFBs, demonstrates the prototypical implementation in an open source IEC 61499 platform and provides an evaluation of the feasibility of the result.
Selective features for RGB-D saliency

The depth image has greatly broadened various applications of computer vision, however, it is seldom explored in the field of salient object detection. In this paper, we propose a learning-based approach for extracting saliency from RGB-D images. For best fitting the contrast-based stimulus that guides the saliency search in human vision system, massive visual attributes that are extracted from several multi-scale feature channels such as the color channels, the texture channels and the depth channel are investigated to represent the contrasts between segments. In addition, discriminative features are able to be automatically selected by learning several decision trees based on the ground truth, and those features are further utilized to search the saliency regions via voting the predictions of the trees. We argue that, introducing the selective features from the depth information of a scene can benefit the saliency detection and achieve better performance than only using the appearance features that are extracted from the color images of the same scene. The experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms other 10 state-of-the-art approaches on a large RGB-D benchmark.
DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION AND GENETIC ALGORITHM BASED FEATURE SUBSET SELECTION FOR RECOGNITION OF RIVER ICE TYPES

One of the essential motivations for feature selection is to defeat the curse of dimensionality problem. Feature selection optimization is nothing but generating best feature subset with maximum relevance, which improves the result of classification accuracy in pattern recognition. In this research work, Differential Evolution and Genetic Algorithm, the two population based feature selection methods are compared. First, this paper presents Differential Evolution float number optimizer in the combinatorial optimization problem of feature selection. In order to build the solution generated by the Differential Evolution float-optimizer suitable for feature selection, roulette wheel structure is constructed and supplied with the probabilities of features distribution. To generate the most promising feature set during iterations these probabilities are constructed. Second, Genetic Algorithm minimizes the Joint Conditional Entropy between the input and output variables. Practical results indicate Differential Evolution feature selection method with ten features achieves 93% accuracy when compared with Genetic Algorithm method.
Chaos in the Music of the Spheres

The light curves (time series of the radiated energy) of most large amplitude, pulsating stars such as the well known Cepheid stars are regular. However, a smaller group of variable stars that are located next to them in the Hertzsprung‐Russell diagram undergoes irregular light variations and exhibits irregular radial velocities as well. The mechanism behind this irregular behavior was a long standing mystery. A flow reconstruction technique based on the observed lightcurves of six separate stars shows that their underlying dynamics is chaotic and low dimensional (d = 4). Furthermore, we present evidence that the physical mechanism behind the behavior is the nonlinear interaction of just two pulsation eigenmodes. In a generalized Shil’nikov scenario, the pulsation energy alternates continuously, but irregularly between a lower frequency mode that is linearly unstable and thus growing, and a stable overtone that gets entrained through a low order resonance (2:1), but that wants to decay. The flow reconstru.
The Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Adaptation I: Fixation of Beneficial Mutations in the Moving Optimum Model

We study the genetic basis of adaptation in a moving optimum model, in which the optimal value for a quantitative trait increases over time at a constant rate. We first analyze a one-locus two-allele model with recurrent mutation, for which we derive accurate analytical approximations for (i) the time at which a previously deleterious allele becomes beneficial, (ii) the waiting time for a successful new mutation, and (iii) the time the mutant allele needs to reach fixation. On the basis of these results, we show that the shortest total time to fixation is for alleles with intermediate phenotypic effect. We derive an approximation for this “optimal” effect, and we show that it depends in a simple way on a composite parameter, which integrates the ecological parameters and the genetic architecture of the trait. In a second step, we use stochastic computer simulations of a multilocus model to study the order in which mutant alleles with different effects go to fixation. In agreement with the one-locus results, alleles with intermediate effect tend to become fixed earlier than those with either small or large effects. However, the effect size of the fastest mutations differs from the one predicted in the one-locus model. We show how these differences can be explained by two specific effects of multilocus genetics. Finally, we discuss our results in the light of three relevant timescales acting in the system—the environmental, mutation, and fixation timescales—which define three parameter regimes leading to qualitative differences in the adaptive substitution pattern.
Channel Equalization for OFDM

FDM is widely accepted as an attractive transmission technique for different types of broadband transmission systems. It is also a very promising technique for delivering high data rate multimedia services over the mobile radio channel. The performance of such systems is limited by the severe effects of multiple delay spread. In order to overcome this problem a guard interval (cyclic prefix/suffix) is added to each OFDM symbol, to efficiently combat the multi-path effect, at the price of some loss in spectral efficiency, depending on the ratio of unextended and extended symbol periods. Other techniques are also used to combat impairments in time and frequency varying radio channels to obtain high spectral efficiencies in cellular systems, such as channel coding and interleaving, adaptive modulation, equalization, spectrum spreading, dynamic channel allocation etc. For channel equalization in OFDM there are two general approaches. First one is to apply an equalizer after the FFT block [1]. Second option is to make equalization before the FFT processing [2]. Our design uses the second approach. II. METHOD Channel estimation in coherent OFDM can be performed by inserting pilots into the two-dimensional time-frequency lattice, since the mobile channel can be viewed as a two-dimensional stochastic signal sampled at scattered pilot positions, where a noisy sample is obtained. To be able to interpolate channel estimates both in time and frequency, the pilot spacing has to fulfill the Nyquist sampling theorem. In the design of channel estimators for OFDM, pilot information must be distributed optimally in the time-frequency grid. For the 2D pilot patterns a trade-off has to be found; pilots have to be placed close enough to guarantee reliable estimation of the channel frequency response and at the same time, pilot density must be kept as low as possible to avoid reduction of the data rate. For our case the minimum pilot spacing in time and frequency is determined, having in mind some expected bandwidth of the channel variation in time and frequency. We use a cyclic pilot pattern to ensure reliable estimation of the channel in time and frequency. To shorten the delay before the first channel estimates can be calculated, which is undesirable in packet transmission, we use a preamble of symbols for initial training. Then the inserted pilots within the data symbols, besides channel estimation, are used for tracking the remaining offset after the initial training [3,4]. The main processing blocks are presented in Fig. …
LSR based astronomical image denoising via adaptive dictionary learning

Motivated by local coordinate coding (LeC) theory in nonlinear manifold learning, we proposed a new image representation model called local sparse representation (LSR) for astronomical image denoising. Meanwhile, a fast approximated LSR method by first performing a K-nearest-neighbor search and then solving a ℓ1 optimization problem is presented under the guarantee of denoising performance. In addition, we incorporate the LSR model and adaptive dictionary learning into a unified optimization framework, explicitly establish the inner connection of them. Such processing allows us to simultaneously update sparse coding vectors and the dictionary by alternating-optimization method. Our experimental results have shown convincing improvements on astronomical image denoising.
Free-space optical communication with BPSK subcarrier intensity modulation in presence of atmospheric turbulence and pointing error

An analysis has been carried out to evaluate the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and average bit error rate (BER) in presence of pointing error and atmospheric turbulence. The probability density function (pdf) of atmospheric turbulence and pointing error has been combined to find out the joint effect on the BER performance on Free-Space Optical (FSO) system. The average BER is evaluated over the combined pdf of atmospheric turbulence and pointing error. The BER performance results are numerically evaluated for several values of pointing error and different link length using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) subcarrier intensity modulation. For strong turbulence power penalty is around 20dB, while for strong jitter power penalty is around 30dB at a BER of 10-9 and bit rate of 1 Gbps.
Cognitive overheads and prostheses: some issues in evaluating hypertexts

There are many criteria for evaluating hypertext. Adequacy and cost effectiveness are perhaps the most obvious flom the producer’s perspective additional criteria are important for users. Examination of the limitations of various assessment criteria highlights the twin issues of the cognitive costs and benefits experienced by people using hypertext as part of some other task. Many interface characteristics can contribute to readers’ cognitive overheads. There is evidence that even changing screens to access information only a click away can impair memory processes. Fortunately, because hypertext are computerbased, readers can call upon a variety of aids to support their cognitive activities, particularly memory and planning processes. The novelty of some of these prostheses raises questions about the literacy skills that hypertext readers may need. Studies of factors influencing readers’ strategic decisions about using memory aids are discussed, together with their implications for hypertext design. It is concluded that hypertext evaluation requires a richer understanding of the cognitive entailments of working with information. But hypertext, having highlighted the problems of cognitive costs, have the potential for offering readers the means of reducing these overheads not just for hypertext use but for many tasks that involve working with information.
Black Holes in String Theory

The black hole solutions to Einstein's vacuum field equations are also solutions to the equations of motion of the low energy limit of superstring theory. At the same time, string theory boasts a much broader and richer collection of black hole solutions. Fortunately, string theories also possess a remarkable set of duality symmetries relating states within and between different string theories. These duality symmetries can be exploited to construct new black hole solutions from known solutions, giving us powerful tools with which to explore the black hole solutions of string theory. Here we introduce and demonstrate these techniques of solution generating.
Discovering Binary Codes for Documents by Learning Deep Generative Models

We describe a deep generative model in which the lowest layer represents the word-count vector of a document and the top layer represents a learned binary code for that document. The top two layers of the generative model form an undirected associative memory and the remaining layers form a belief net with directed, top-down connections. We present efficient learning and inference procedures for this type of generative model and show that it allows more accurate and much faster retrieval than latent semantic analysis. By using our method as a filter for a much slower method called TF-IDF we achieve higher accuracy than TF-IDF alone and save several orders of magnitude in retrieval time. By using short binary codes as addresses, we can perform retrieval on very large document sets in a time that is independent of the size of the document set using only one word of memory to describe each document.
Eye Tracking and Visualization: Introduction to the Special Thematic Issue of the Journal of Eye Movement Research

There is a growing interest in eye tracking technologies applied to support traditional visualization techniques like diagrams, charts, maps, or plots, either static, animated, or interactive ones. More complex data analyses are required to derive knowledge and meaning from the data. Eye tracking systems serve that purpose in combination with biological and computer vision, cognition, perception, visualization, human-computer-interaction, as well as usability and user experience research. The 10 articles collected in this thematic special issue provide interesting examples how sophisticated methods of data analysis and representation enable researchers to discover and describe fundamental spatio-temporal regularities in the data. The human visual system, supported by appropriate visualization tools, enables the human operator to solve complex tasks, like understanding and interpreting three-dimensional medical images, controlling air traffic by radar displays, supporting instrument flight tasks, or interacting with virtual realities. The development and application of new visualization techniques is of major importance for future technological progress.
(m, k)-frame: A Method to Control the Quality of Service in Distributed Multimedia Systems

Multimedia applications usually manage large quantities of data in the form of frames of certain types. To ensure a good trafic of these frames through the network, temporal constraints must be respected when sending and receiving these frames. If the temporal constraints are not met, then the quality of service (QoS) provided to users decreases. In this paper, we exploit some results obtained in QoS management in Real-Time Database Systems (RTDBSs), and we apply them to multimedia applications, because of similarities existing between these two fields. We propose a new method allowing to control the QoS provided to clients according to the network congestion, by discarding some frames when needed.
Fast algorithm for GMM-based pattern classifier

This work proposes a fast decision algorithm in pattern classification based on Gaussian mixture models (GMM). Statistical pattern classification problems often meet a situation that comparison between probabilities is obvious and involve redundant computations. When GMM is adopted for the probability model, the exponential function should be evaluated. This work firstly reduces the exponential computations to simple and rough interval calculations. The exponential function is realized by scaling and multiplication with powers of two so that the decision is efficiently realized. For finer decision, a refinement process is also proposed. In order to verify the significance, experimental results on TI DM6437 EVM board are shown through the application to a skin-color extraction problem. It is verified that the classification was almost completed without any refinement process and the refinement process can proceed the residual decisions.
Complex Network view of performance and risks on Airport Networks

Air transportation has been becoming a major part of transportation infrastructure worldwide. Hence the study of the Airports Networks, the backbone of air transportation, is becoming increasingly important. In complex systems domain, airport networks are modeled as graphs (networks) comprising of airports (vertices or nodes) that are linked by flight connectivities among the airports. A complex network analysis of such a model offers holistic insight about the performance and risks in such a network. We review the performance and risks of networks with the help of studies that have been done on some of the airport networks. We present various network parameters those could be potentially used as a measure of performance and risks on airport networks. We will also see how various risks, such as break down of airports, spread of diseases across the airport network could be assessed based on the network parameters. Further we review how these insights could possibly be used to shape more efficient and safer airport networks.