Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Anchor-Links to Extract Semantic Inferences of a Web Page

Since an anchor is used in an HTML document to point to a related document/picture/media application, the existing approaches [3,4,5], to find out the information about an associated Web page, are based on the use of anchor-text contained in the anchor tag. The problem with this approach is that sometimes anchor-texts are either not present at all or a single word text / an image anchor is contained in the anchor tag. In this paper, a dataset of about hundred Web pages of different categories from open directory project (ODP) has been surveyed and analyzed. The result shows that cohesive text surrounding the anchor and non-cohesive text present elsewhere in the Web pages provides rich semantic cues about a target Web page.
Triangulation of Molecular Surfaces Using an Isosurface Continuation Algorithm

There are several computational models and algorithms for the visualization of biomolecules (e.g. proteins and DNA), usually as three-dimensional surfaces called molecular surfaces. Based on the Van-der-Waals model, which represents a molecule as a set of spheres (i.e. atoms), a major approach in modeling and visualization of molecular surfaces, called blobby molecules, represents an implicitly-defined molecular surface as the result of the sum of implicit functions, where each function describes a Van-der-Walls sphere (i.e. the geometry of an atom). In general, these surfaces are polygonized using the well known marching cubes algorithm or similar space-partitioning method. In contrast, this paper presents a very accurate continuation algorithm to polygonize blobby molecules with a very high mesh quality, smoothness and scalability.
Prisoners’ participation and involvement in prison life: Examining the possibilities and boundaries

Prisoners’ participation and involvement in prison life are becoming important topics featuring on European political agendas. To investigate the different types of prisoner participation and involvement in one prison in Belgium, the experiences of prisoners and professionals, and the processes that enhance or limit prisoners’ participation, 11 focus groups have been conducted with prisoners (N = 36) and professionals (N = 42). A thematic analysis of this data identifies that various formal and informal participation initiatives exist, but several barriers between prisoners, prison staff and prison management impede (structural) participation. Implementing and increasing the participation and involvement of prisoners requires organizational and cultural changes. The article concludes by discussing practical issues raised by the study, as well as some limitations.
An analytical and extended cost-effective resource provisioning framework in IaaS clouds under online learning

Cloud vendors such as Amazon EC2 offer three types of purchase options: reserved, on-demand and spot instances. An important problem for all users is determining the way of utilizing all purchase options to minimize the cost of processing all jobs while respecting the response-time targets. The application of online learning to this scenario is interesting in that it imposes no restriction of a priori statistical knowledge of workload and spot prices and achieves a good performance close to that of the best policy of the used set. So far, this approach can only address spot and on-demand instances and we are interested in enabling utilizing all purchase options and selfowned instances with it, which brings to users the opportunity to further reduce their cost. What’s more, we also lay some mathematical foundation for taking a holistic view to analyze and design a set of cost-optimal or effective policies that determine how many self-owned, spot and on-demand instances are assigned to each job and the final cost of completing all jobs. Finally, simulations are done, showing a markedly cost reductions when different combinations of self-owned, reserved, spot, and ondemand instances are considered.
Tandem Riboswitch Architectures Exhibit Complex Gene Control Functions

Riboswitches are structured RNAs typically located in the 5′ untranslated regions of bacterial mRNAs that bind metabolites and control gene expression. Most riboswitches sense one metabolite and function as simple genetic switches. However, we found that the 5′ region of the Bacillus clausii metE messenger RNA includes two riboswitches that respond to S-adenosylmethionine and coenzyme B12. This tandem arrangement yields a composite gene control system that functions as a two-input Boolean NOR logic gate. These findings and the discovery of additional tandem riboswitch architectures reveal how simple RNA elements can be assembled to make sophisticated genetic decisions without involving protein factors.
The end of the beginning: context of death at birth in the Czech Republic

ABSTRACT The Czech Republic represents a very secular, Post-Socialist country, with top-ranking medical care in biomedical standards. Nevertheless, issues of death, bereavement and associated rituals have been displaced to the very edge of both social policy and public debate. The article analyses the context of perinatal loss as an experience of end of life at its very beginning. It frames the institutional setting and symbolic context of and for such ‘inappropriate’ event, employing conceptual approaches of authoritative knowledge associated with perinatal loss. The article elaborates the current medicalised practice and cultural rituals. One perspective is the ambiguity of the definition of a stillbirth with competing sets of knowledge claiming their expertise over this issue. Another perspective is represented by the rules and practice for burying bodies treated until very lately as biological waste and disposed accordingly. The appeal to ‘healthy population’ forms the atmosphere for dealing with death itself. Third, interplay among interest groups advocating for or against the status quo is elaborated on. These are complemented by two additional perspectives; the ceasing practice of public last rites and by evidence from parental discussion forum, helping us diversify the subject matter under study in a specific Post-Socialist context.
Translation of stable hepadnaviral mRNA cleavage fragments induced by the action of phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligodeoxynucleotides

Phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASOs) are used to suppress gene expression by inducing RNase H-mediated cleavage with subsequent degradation of the target mRNA. However, previous observations suggest that ASO/RNase H can also result in the generation of stable mRNA cleavage fragments and expression of truncated proteins. Here, we addressed the underlying translational mechanisms in more detail using hepadnavirus-transfected hepatoma cells as a model system of antisense therapy. Generation of stable mRNA cleavage fragments was restricted to the ASO/RNase H pathway and not observed upon cotransfection of isosequential small interfering RNA or RNase H-incompetent oligonucleotides. Furthermore, direct evidence for translation of mRNA fragments was established by polysome analysis. Polysome-associated RNA contained cleavage fragments devoid of a 5′ cap structure indicating that translation was, at least in part, cap-independent. Further analysis of the uncapped cleavage fragments revealed that their 5′ terminus and initiation codon were only separated by a few nucleotides suggesting a 5′ end-dependent mode of translation, whereas internal initiation could be ruled out. However, the efficiency of translation was moderate compared to uncleaved mRNA and amounted to 13–24% depending on the ASO used. These findings provide a rationale for understanding the translation of mRNA fragments generated by ASO/RNase H mechanistically.
Design and implementation of an Android host-based intrusion prevention system

Android has a dominating share in the mobile market and there is a significant rise of mobile malware targeting Android devices. Android malware accounted for 97% of all mobile threats in 2013 [26]. To protect smartphones and prevent privacy leakage, companies have implemented various host-based intrusion prevention systems (HIPS) on their Android devices. In this paper, we first analyze the implementations, strengths and weaknesses of three popular HIPS architectures. We demonstrate a severe loophole and weakness of an existing popular HIPS product in which hackers can readily exploit. Then we present a design and implementation of a secure and extensible HIPS platform---"Patronus. " Patronus not only provides intrusion prevention without the need to modify the Android system, it can also dynamically detect existing malware based on runtime information. We propose a two-phase dynamic detection algorithm for detecting running malware. Our experiments show that Patronus can prevent the intrusive behaviors efficiently and detect malware accurately with a very low performance overhead and power consumption.
Biofeedback: Using the Power of the Mind–Body Connection, Technology, and Business in Psychotherapies of the Future

This article examines biofeedback within the context of American health care, mind–body practice, clinical psychology, technology, and business. American medicine is shifting its emphasis from disease management to health promotion, prevention, and integrative symptom management. This biopsychosocial approach requires the use of clinically and cost-effective behavioral health interventions. Biofeedback is an ideal tool because it harnesses the mind–body connection to help patients improve disease conditions and even achieve optimal health. With its capability to teach self-regulation, to treat a variety of chronic disease conditions, to blend the technical and the humanistic, coupled with its budding research profile, biofeedback can offer clinically and cost-effective, interventions that fit nicely into the primary care delivery system. The push of the American Psychological Association for psychologists to practice in primary care settings along with the extensive training in lifestyle interventions that clinical health psychologists undergo makes them uniquely qualified to integrate biofeedback into clinical health practice. If psychologists routinely included biofeedback in their psychotherapy practices and honed their entrepreneurial skills to market it, they could create a mind–body intervention that increases the demand for behavioral care. Thus, biofeedback offers an opportunity to invigorate American psychotherapy, as the American health care system will benefit from effective holistic mind–body practices.
A cache-based method for SPARQL query processing

Nowadays, the use of semantic web technologies is growing fast. On the other hand, the downside of these systems, is their poor performance compared to traditional database management systems. To tackle this problem, optimizations such as caching methods on conventional relational databases can be adapted on semantic web technologies. In this paper, we stored and reused the results of SPARQL queries in an RDF triple store which is implemented on Hadoop file system. Moreover, a method for naming the files containing cached results and also a heuristic algorithm for cache replacement and file deletion are proposed.
White Paper for Complete Sequencing of the Rhesus Macaque ( Macaca mulatta ) Genome

Humans are members of the Order Primates and our closest evolutionary relatives are other primate species. This makes primate models of human disease particularly important, as the underlying physiology and metabolism, as well as genomic structure, are more similar to humans than are other mammals. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are the animals most similar to humans in overall DNA sequence, with interspecies sequence differences of approximately 1-1.5% (Stewart and Disotell 1998, Page and Goodman 2001). The other apes, including gorillas and orangutans are nearly as similar to humans. The animals next most closely related to humans are Old World monkeys, superfamily Cercopithecoidea. This group includes the common laboratory species of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), baboon (Papio hamadryas), pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) and African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops). The human evolutionary lineage separated from the ancestors of chimpanzees about 6-7 million years ago (MYA), while the human/ape lineage diverged from Old World monkeys about 25 MYA (Stewart and Disotell 1998), and from another important primate group, the New World monkeys, more than 35-40 MYA. In comparison, humans diverged from mice and other non-primate mammals about 65-85 MYA (Kumar and Hedges 1998, Eizirik et al 2001).
A Role for the Actin Cytoskeleton of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Bipolar Bud-Site Selection

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells select bud sites according to one of two predetermined patterns. MAT a and MATα cells bud in an axial pattern, and MAT a/α cells bud in a bipolar pattern. These budding patterns are thought to depend on the placement of spatial cues at specific sites in the cell cortex. Because cytoskeletal elements play a role in organizing the cytoplasm and establishing distinct plasma membrane domains, they are well suited for positioning bud-site selection cues. Indeed, the septin-containing neck filaments are crucial for establishing the axial budding pattern characteristic of MAT a and MATα cells. In this study, we determined the budding patterns of cells carrying mutations in the actin gene or in genes encoding actin-associated proteins: MAT a/α cells were defective in the bipolar budding pattern, but MAT a and MATα cells still exhibit a normal axial budding pattern. We also observed that MAT a/α actin cytoskeleton mutant daughter cells correctly position their first bud at the distal pole of the cell, but mother cells position their buds randomly. The actin cytoskeleton therefore functions in generation of the bipolar budding pattern and is required specifically for proper selection of bud sites in mother MAT a/α cells. These observations and the results of double mutant studies support the conclusion that different rules govern bud-site selection in mother and daughter MAT a/α cells. A defective bipolar budding pattern did not preclude an sla2-6 mutant from undergoing pseudohyphal growth, highlighting the central role of daughter cell bud-site selection cues in the formation of pseudohyphae. Finally, by examining the budding patterns of mad2-1 mitotic checkpoint mutants treated with benomyl to depolymerize their microtubules, we confirmed and extended previous evidence indicating that microtubules do not function in axial or bipolar bud-site selection.
Association of Two Variants in SMAD7 with the Risk of Congenital Heart Disease in the Han Chinese Population

SMAD7 is a general antagonist of TGF-β signaling and has been found to be involved in cardiogenesis in mouse models, but its role in human congenital heart disease (CHD) has yet to be investigated. To examine if SMAD7 is associated with CHD, we conducted a case-control study in the Han Chinese population. Exon1 and exon4 of SMAD7, which encode the functional MH1 and MH2 domains, were directly sequenced in 1,201 sporadic CHD patients and 1,116 control individuals. A total of 18 sequence variations were identified. Two common variants rs3809922 and rs3809923 are located at exon4 of SMAD7, and were found in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other (r 2 = 0.93). We analyzed the association of these two loci with CHD in 3 independent subgroup case-control studies, and found that in some subgroups, rs3809922 and rs3809923 were significantly associated with CHD through genetic model analysis. In the combined data set, TT genotype in rs3809922 significantly increased the risk of CHD compared with CC and CT, while GG genotype in rs3809923 significantly increased the risk of CHD compared with CC and CG, particularly in the recessive model. In addition, haplotype analyses showed that haplotype TG significantly increased the risk of CHD (P = 6.9×10−6); this finding supports the results from the analyses based on single locus. According to data from the 1000 Genomes Project, the frequencies of the two risk alleles varied greatly between populations worldwide, which indicate the identified associations might have a population difference. To our knowledge, this is the first report that genetic variants in SMAD7 influence susceptibility to CHD risk.
Unequal effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in acute cardiac dysfunction induced by isoproterenol.

Several clinical trials have demonstrated that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) are equally effective in the treatment of chronic heart failure. However, this has not been confirmed for acute cardiac dysfunction. We examined whether ACEI or ARB prevents isoproterenol-induced acute left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in dogs. LV dysfunction induced by a large dose of isoproterenol (1 microg.kg(-1). min(-1), 3-h infusion) was compared in dogs treated with ACEI (temocaprilat) or ARB (olmesartan). Atrial pacing induced a constant heart rate and use of adjustable aortic banding provided a nearly constant afterload. LV systolic function (LV dP/dt, fractional shortening, and ejection fraction) and diastolic function (tau and LV end-diastolic pressure) were significantly deteriorated after isoproterenol infusion. The LV dysfunction was almost totally prevented by ARB but was only partially prevented by ACEI. The partial effect of ACEI was complemented by cotreatment with HOE-140, a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist. At baseline, the response to low doses of isoproterenol was significantly attenuated by ACEI but not by ARB, and the ACEI-induced attenuation was totally abolished by cotreatment with HOE-140. The response to isoproterenol was significantly attenuated after 3 h of excess isoproterenol loading, and it was almost completely preserved by ARB but not by ACEI. In conclusion, acute LV dysfunction and beta-adrenergic desensitization induced by excess isoproterenol administration were almost totally prevented by ARB but only partially prevented by ACEI. These differences were attributable at least in part to bradykinin pathways activated by ACEI administration in acute LV dysfunction.
Content-Based Semantic Tag Ranking for Recommendation

Content-based social tagging recommendation, which considers the relationship between the tags and the descriptions contained in resources, is proposed to remedy the cold-start problem of collaborative filtering. There is such a common phenomenon that certain tag does not appear in the corresponding description, however, they do semantically relate with each other. State-of-the-art methods seldom consider this phenomenon and thus still need to be improved. In this paper, we propose a novel content-based social tag ranking scheme, aiming to recommend the semantic tags that the descriptions may not contain. The scheme firstly acquires the quantized semantic relationships between words with empirical methods, then constructs the weighted tag-digraph based on the descriptions and acquired quantized semantics, and finally performs a modified graph-based ranking algorithm to refine the score of each candidate tag for recommendation. Experimental results on both English and Chinese datasets show that the proposed scheme performs better than several state-of-the-art content-based methods.
The Effect of Teachers' Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Stress Levels on School Effectiveness.

The current study examined the relationship between school effectiveness and teachers' demographic characteristics, organizational citizenship behaviors and stress, and the effects of teachers' demographic characteristics, organizational citizenship behaviors and stress levels on school effectiveness. Within the scope of the research, a causal comparison model was used and the opinions of 222 Turkish teachers who were working in the schools were evaluated. According to the results, school effectiveness was significantly and positively correlated with all dimensions of teachers organizational citizenship behaviors, and significantly and negatively correlated with stress In addition, it was found that the demographic characteristics were not a significant predictor of school effectiveness but only the seniority variable was a significant predictor of school effectiveness and it was found that the stress and dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior were significant predictors of school effectiveness. Article visualizations:
Consciousness and Common-Sense Metaphors of Mind

The science of the mind, and of consciousness in particular, needs to carefully consider people's common-sense views of the mind, not just what the mind really is. Such views are themselves an aspect of the nature of (conscious) mind, and therefore part of the object of study for a science of mind. Also, since the common-sense views allow broadly successful social interaction, it is reasonable to look to the common-sense views for some rough guidance as to the real nature of the mind. On the other hand, to the extent that common-sense views are inaccurate, and perhaps even in gross con ict with the true nature of the mind, one interesting scienti c question is: why do we hold such views, given our access to our own minds? Why should introspection be limited in a way that allows inaccurate views to hold sway? Now, common-sense views of the mind are revealed in natural language discourse that describes mental states, and such descriptions are largely metaphorical. The metaphors are used within thinking about the mind as well as in language. Therefore the study of metaphor is central to the study of mind. The present article is a preliminary study of the importance of metaphor in the scienti c study of consciousness. It concentrates on analyzing the nature of a range of important metaphors of mind, brie y discussing the extent to which they can be used to describe or qualify states of consciousness, and pointing to important questions about the nature of consciousness that the study of the metaphors raises. The article further conjectures that the reason people use metaphors in describing themselves is often not (just) that they have intellectually worked out some structural analogy | e.g., between interactions of physical objects in physical space and interactions of ideas in the mind | but rather that they feel their own minds to be as described by the metaphor | e.g., they feel that the ideas in their minds are interacting physical entities. This matter of how a mind feels to itself is an aspect of the central issue of consciousness, namely its phenomenal quality. RUNNING TITLE: Metaphors of Mind