Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Doping of monolayer graphene for silicon based Schottky junction solar cells

Silicon-based hybrid solar cells have garnered extensive attentions in the photovoltaics industry due to easy processing attributes and high optical absorption and outstanding carrier mobility of silicon. Among all, indium tin oxide (ITO)/silicon solar cells have achieved a power conversion efficiency of 13% due to excellent conductivity, transmittance and applicable surface potential of ITO. However, the cost of ITO has risen significantly recently due to the deficiency of indium. Therefore, graphene has been an inexpensive alternative to ITO. For solar cell applications, graphene plays an important role as transparent electrodes (TE) with tunable work functions for efficient carrier collection. Therefore, graphene-based Schottky junction solar cells (SJSC) on crystalline silicon thin films hold great promises for low-cost photovoltaics owing to potentials for high efficiency and rapid production on flexible substrates. According to previous reports, the key factors to achieve a highly efficient SJSC include excellent transparence and conductance, as well as tunable work functions. Herein, we demonstrate a single layer graphene/n-Si Schottky junction solar cell that exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.2 % under one-sun AM 1.5G illumination, and an integrated short-circuit photocurrent of 18.3 mA/cm2 from the external quantum efficiency measurement. The transmittance of the monolayer graphene in this device is over 97 % and the sheet resistance is around 800 to 1200 Ω/□. Furthermore, we investigate a doping method involving bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-amid (TFSA) for the monolayer graphene to improve the separation and collection of photogenerated carriers in the SJSC. The preliminary data show that the sheet resistance is decreased rapidly from 1200 to 300 Ω/□. and the surface potential is also adjusted by the chemical doping. Currently, device fabrication with doped monolayer graphene is still in process and complete characterization data will be presented.
Detection of mosaic RB1 mutations in families with retinoblastoma

The RB1 gene mutation detection rate in 1,020 retinoblastoma families was increased by the use of highly sensitive allele specific‐PCR (AS‐PCR) to detect low‐level mosaicism for 11 recurrent RB1 CGA>TGA nonsense mutations. For bilaterally affected probands, AS‐PCR increased the RB1 mutation detection sensitivity from 92.6% to 94.8%. Both RB1 oncogenic changes were detected in 92.7% of sporadic unilateral tumors (357/385); 14.6% (52/357) of unilateral probands with both tumor mutations identified carried one of the tumor mutations in blood. Mosaicism was evident in 5.5% of bilateral probands (23 of 421), in 3.8% of unilateral probands (22 of 572), and in one unaffected mother of a unilateral proband. Half of the mosaic mutations were only detectable by AS‐PCR for the 11 recurrent CGA>TGA mutations, and not by standard sequencing. This suggests that significant numbers of low‐level mosaics with other classes of RB1 mutations remain unidentified by current technology. We show that the use of linkage analysis in a two‐generation retinoblastoma family resulted in the erroneous conclusion that a child carried the parental mutation, because the founder parent was mosaic for the RB1 mutation. Of 142 unaffected parental pairs tested, only one unaffected parent of a proband (0.7%) showed somatic mosaicism for the proband's mutation, in contrast to an overall 4.5% somatic mosaicism rate for retinoblastoma probands, suggesting that mosaicism for an RB1 mutation is highly likely to manifest as retinoblastoma. Hum Mutat 0, 1–10, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genre des substantifs en tchèque : l’ambiguïté de ses marqueurs formels et le diagnostic automatique des erreurs du point de vue de son acquisition par les apprenants francophones

Nous apportons ici des elements pour etudier, dans un cadre experimental specifique (exercices de declinaison sur une plate-forme ELAO), les erreurs de genre produites par des apprenant francophones et le role de l’ambiguite des marqueurs formels des substantifs. Nous supposons que les erreurs de genre les plus frequentes devraient etre celles qui occurrent dans les substantifs formellement ambigus par rapport a la categorie du genre.
Impact of Perceived Discrimination in Healthcare on Patient-Provider Communication

BackgroundThe impact of patients' perceptions of discrimination in healthcare on patient-provider interactions is unknown. ObjectiveTo examine association of past perceived discrimination with subsequent patient-provider communication. Research DesignObservational cross-sectional study. SubjectsAfrican-American (N=100) and white (N=253) patients treated for osteoarthritis by orthopedic surgeons (N=63) in 2 Veterans Affairs facilities. MeasuresPatients were surveyed about past experiences with racism and classism in healthcare settings before a clinic visit. Visits were audio-recorded and coded for instrumental and affective communication content (biomedical exchange, psychosocial exchange, rapport-building, and patient engagement/activation) and nonverbal affective tone. After the encounter, patients rated visit informativeness, provider warmth/respectfulness, and ease of communicating with the provider. Regression models stratified by patient race assessed the associations of racism and classism with communication outcomes. ResultsPerceived racism and classism were reported by more African-American patients than by white patients (racism: 70% vs. 26% and classism: 73% vs. 53%). High levels of perceived racism among African-American patients was associated with less positive nonverbal affect among patients [&bgr;=−0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI)=−0.73 to −0.09] and providers (&bgr;=−0.34, 95% CI=−0.66 to −0.01) and with low patient ratings of provider warmth/respectfulness [odds ratio (OR)=0.19, 95% CI=0.05-0.72] and ease of communication (OR=0.22, 95% CI=0.07-0.67). Any perceived racism among white patients was associated with less psychosocial communication (&bgr;=−4.18, 95% CI=−7.68 to −0.68), and with low patient ratings of visit informativeness (OR=0.40, 95% CI=0.23-0.71) and ease of communication (OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.20-0.89). Perceived classism yielded similar results. ConclusionsPerceptions of past racism and classism in healthcare settings may negatively impact the affective tone of subsequent patient-provider communication.
The natural history of lung cancer in a periodically screened population.

A mathematical model of the progression kinetics of lung cancer in a periodically screened population is proposed and data collected by the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York are used for parameter estimation. It is assumed that the development of adenocarcinoma of lung is a stochastic process with two stages, early and advanced, characterized by mean times, detection probabilities, and cure probabilities. Confidence regions of these parameters are estimated using a number of novel techniques. It is found, surprisingly, that the mean duration of the early stage is at least 4 years, the detectability less than . 2, and the curability less than . 5. These estimates imply that annual radiographic screening from age 45 to 80 might decrease mortality from adenocarcinoma of lung by something less than 20%.
Age related visual pathologies among nursing home residents: an evaluation of light conditions and recording in client files

Objective: Reflection on visual problems in nursing homes. Data Sources: Eye examinations, documented visual problems and illuminance levels. Study design: The optometric examinations and recorded visual problems were combined with illuminance data. Data collection: In seven nursing homes, 259 residents underwent an optometric examination. Their client records were analyzed for information regarding visual functioning. The illuminance data were ranked to set the quality of the lighting conditions. Principal findings: 50% of the referred residents had problems with cataracts, retinal problems (21%), suspected glaucoma (13%), and other pathologies (16%). The information was not current in 56% of the records. The quality of lighting conditions was low or moderate. Conclusion: The finding of poor lighting conditions in nursing homes in combination with a high prevalence of visual problems (with cataract found to be the most common age related pathology), stretches the need of enhanced awareness of eye care by professional caregivers.
Two-DimensionalElectrophoresisand “ Ultrasensitive ” SilverStainingof CerebrospinalFluidProteinsin NeurologicalDiseases

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins, as resolved by twodimensional electrophoresis and made visible by silver staining, have been examined in patients with various neurological diseases and normal volunteers. The patterns for 15 of 20 patientswith Parkinson’sdiseaseshoweda protein(Mr 25 000) with charge similar to albumin, which was not seen in the patterns for any of 91 normal volunteers. Patterns for 21 of 22 multiple sclerosis patients showed novel immunoglobulin light chain proteins, also not present in the CSF of any normal volunteers. Quantitative analysis by computer-assisted densitometry in Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis showed that 20 of 68 and 33 of 85 proteins, respectively, were significantly altered as compared with proteins in the normal population. This ability to characterize both Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis molecularly provides a broad baseline for improved clinical diagnosis and may serve as an aid in explonng the underlying pathophysiology. These studies illustrate the potential of applying this methodology in the study of neurological diseases.
Population Structure of Francisella tularensis

ABSTRACT We have sequenced fragments of five metabolic housekeeping genes and two genes encoding outer membrane proteins from 81 isolates of Francisella tularensis, representing all four subspecies. Phylogenetic clustering of gene sequences from F. tularensis subsp. tularensis and F. tularensis subsp. holarctica aligned well with subspecies affiliations. In contrast, F. tularensis subsp. novicida and F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica were indicated to be phylogenetically incoherent taxa. Incongruent gene trees and mosaic structures of housekeeping genes provided evidence for genetic recombination in F. tularensis.
Scale Sensitivity and Numerical Skills in Contingent Valuation Surveys of Risk Reduction Policies

This paper considers data from a 2013 study conducted in Newfoundland about the value of reducing mortality risks due to moose-vehicle collisions. Willingness to pay was modeled using a maximum likelihood routine that allowed factors that determine sensitivity to scale to be modeled as functions of covariates. This allows comparison of sensitivity to scale between groups. A unique aspect of the survey design elicited a near continuous distribution of risk reduction levels which allowed for a more in depth analysis of scale sensitivity. There are several key ndings from this paper that support previous research ndings in assessing scale sensitivity. It was found that previous experience with the risk involved was a signicant factor in determining sensitivity to scale. Additionally, we nd support for the hypothesis that cognitive ability is also a determinant of scale sensitivity. Individuals with better cognitive skills are more likely to show sensitivity to scale in both the weak and strong form tests. It was found in the weak form test that sensitivity to scale is less likely to be present at lower risk reduction levels. Additionally, own death risk perception was modeled using an OLS regression and the level of math score (on a scale of 0 to 4 correct questions) was modeled using an ordered logit model.
Preclinical targeting of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor in adrenocortical carcinoma.

CONTEXT Drug therapy for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare and lethal malignancy, is largely empirical and ineffective. New treatments directed at molecular targets critical to the pathophysiology of ACC may prove more efficacious. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to profile human adrenal tumors and ACC cell lines to assess activated IGF signaling and determine the efficacy of two IGF receptor (IGF-1R) antagonists alone and in combination with mitotane. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ACC cell lines that display or lack activated IGF signaling are used to assess the effects of two IGF-1R antagonists in cultured cells and ACC xenograft tumors. RESULTS Transcriptional profiling data derived from DNA microarray analysis of human adrenal tumors implicate IGF2 as the single highest up-regulated transcript in the vast majority of carcinomas. We show that the majority of ACC cell lines tested display constitutive IGF ligand production and activation of downstream effector pathways. Both IGF-1R antagonists cause significant dose-dependent growth inhibition in ACC cell lines. Furthermore, we observe that mitotane, the first-line adrenolytic drug used in patients with ACC, results in enhanced growth inhibition when used in combination with the IGF-1R antagonists. We next examined the activity of IGF-1R antagonists against ACC xenografts in athymic nude mice. IGF inhibition markedly reduced tumor growth greater than that observed with mitotane treatment, and combination therapy with mitotane significantly enhanced tumor growth suppression. CONCLUSION These findings establish a critical role of IGF signaling in ACC pathophysiology and provide rationale for use of targeted IGF-1R antagonists to treat adrenocortical carcinoma in future clinical trials.
Input delay approach to robust sampled-data H/sub /spl infin// control

Sampled-data state-feedback H/sub /spl infin// control of linear systems is considered. The only restriction on the sampling is that the distances between the sequel sampling times are not greater than a given bound. A new approach, which was recently introduced to sampled-data state-feedback stabilization, is developed to the H/sub /spl infin// control. The system is modelled as a continuous-time one with the delayed control input. Sufficient linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) conditions are derived via Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals.
Multi-tracking single-fed PV inverter

Grid-connected photovoltaic system is the most important among the photovoltaic applications. High efficiency power converter and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) are the key technologies of grid-connected inverters for photovoltaic system. Shadows created by clouds, trees …etc. partially cover PV modules causes illumination decrease, in this condition the Current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics of large photovoltaic (PV) arrays become more complex and difficult to identify because different maximum power points exist, and the location of the global maximum power point is changing corresponding to the changing on the shading conditions. A multi-MPPT grid-connected photovoltaic system configuration based on the Perturb & Observe MPPT algorithm and Phase Shift Control is proposed in this paper. Two different configurations for a Grid-connected photovoltaic system, conventional and the proposed configurations, are investigated to verify the performance of the proposed configuration.
Photonic crystals for the application to spectrometers and wavelength filters

This paper reviews the application of photonic crystals (PhCs) and related periodic structures to spectrometers and wavelength filters. In the first half of the paper in-plane type spectrometers utilizing superprism effect are reviewed. In the latter half out-of-plane and surface-normal type devices, where guided mode resonance (GMR) plays a center role, are described. Finally, Bragg reflection type wavelength filters are dealt with.
The implications of variation in outcome between health professionals for the design and analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Methodological work on randomized trials has largely concerned pharmacological interventions in which the effects of the attending health professional may be regarded as minor. In other clinical settings, such as surgery, talk or physical therapies, staff specific variation may make generalization problematic, undermining the value of the trial. Such variation has been the basis of some objections to controlled trial methodology and non-acceptance of trial results. The implication of this source of variation will be considered for studies in which different types of health professional deliver the intervention in each arm of the trial. Such a trial may involve individual patient or group randomization. Whichever method is used, it is argued that variation in outcome between health professionals may lead to design effects. These issues will be illustrated using data from a large trial comparing primary care service delivered by two types of medical doctor. Random effect models are most suitable for analyzing this type of trial, as they allow adjustment for patient characteristics whilst controlling for design effects. This type of model illustrates that there can be substantial variation in the performance within each category of doctor.
Interference Mitigation and Multiuser Multiplexing with Beam-Steering Antennas

We revisit a recently proposed framework for "massive MIMO" named Joint Space Division and Multiplexing (JSDM), that explicitly distinguishes between long-term channel statistics and instantaneous channel state information. In JSDM, the beamforming function is split into two components: prebeamforming and multiuser precoding. The pre-beamforming stage depends only on the channel covariance information, which is (locally) time-invariant and can be acquired without significant training overhead by averaging over time. Based on this information, the pre-beamforming stage separates the users into groups without significant mutual interference, irrespectively of their instantaneous random channel realization. Then, inside each user group, a standard multiuser MIMO precoding scheme based on instantaneous channel state information can be used in order to achieve further multiuser multiplexing gain. JSDM is naturally suited to a Hybrid Digital Analog (HDA) implementation, where the pre-beamforming function can be accomplished through a reconfigurable RF front-end. In this paper, we consider a lowcomplexity HDA implementation of JSDM, where the canonical massive MIMO antenna array is replaced by a smaller number of programmable beam-steering antennas. We show by simulation that with this architecture it is possible to achieve both multiplexing gain and interference mitigation across different user groups.
Generation of third and higher-order intermodulation products in MEMS capacitors, and their effects

In this work, the intermodulation distortion (IMD) produced by RF MEMS capacitors is studied. It is demonstrated that due to their nonlinear behaviour, parallel-plate MEMS capacitors generate 5th order tones along with 3rd order IMD products. It is shown that MEMS linear models, restricted to small displacements of the MEMS membrane, neglect 5th order distortion while underestimate 3rd order tones, when high voltages are considered. A numerical nonlinear model for simulating intermodulation is presented and validated by means of measurements for the general 2-tone case. Generation of 3rd and 5th IMD products is also demonstrated in MEMS driven by digitally-modulated communication signals. A measurement system is proposed in order to characterize IMD generation in RF MEMS capacitors excited by two RF tones as well as by digitally-modulated signals (QPSK).
Lagrangian relaxation for natural language decoding

The major success story of natural language processing over the last decade has been the development of high-accuracy statistical methods for a wide-range of language applications. The availability of large textual data sets has made it possible to employ increasingly sophisticated statistical models to improve performance on language tasks. However, oftentimes these more complex models come at the cost of expanding the search-space of the underlying decoding problem. In this dissertation, we focus on the question of how to handle this challenge. In particular, we study the question of decoding in large-scale, statistical natural language systems. We aim to develop a formal understanding of the decoding problems behind these tasks and present algorithms that extend beyond common heuristic approaches to yield optimality guarantees. The main tool we utilize, Lagrangian relaxation, is a classical idea from the field of combinatorial optimization. We begin the dissertation by giving a general background introduction to the method and describe common models in natural language processing. The body of the dissertation consists of six chapters. The first three chapters discuss relaxation methods for core natural language tasks : (1) examines the classical problem of parsing and part-of-speech tagging; (2) addresses the problem of language model composition in syntactic machine translation; (3) develops efficient algorithms for non-projective dependency parsing. The second set of chapters discuss methods that utilize relaxation in combination with other combinatorial techniques: (1) develops an exact beam-search algorithm for machine translation; (2) uses a parsing relaxation in a coarse-to-fine cascade. At the core of each chapter is a relaxation of a difficult combinatorial problem and the implementation of this algorithm in a large-scale system. Thesis Supervisor: Michael Collins Title: Visiting Associate Professor, MIT Vikram S. Pandit Professor of Computer Science, Columbia University
Molecular and biological characterization of ϕRs551, a filamentous bacteriophage isolated from a race 3 biovar 2 strain of Ralstonia solanacearum

A filamentous bacteriophage, designated ϕRs551, was isolated and purified from the quarantine and select agent phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 strain UW551 (phylotype IIB sequevar 1) grown under normal culture conditions. Electron microscopy suggested that ϕRs551 is a member of the family Inoviridae, and is about 1200 nm long and 7 nm wide. ϕRs551 has a genome of 7929 nucleotides containing 14 open reading frames, and is the first isolated virion that contains a resolvase (ORF13) and putative type-2 phage repressor (ORF14). Unlike other R. solanacearum phages isolated from soil, the genome sequence of ϕRs551 is not only 100% identical to its prophage sequence in the deposited genome of R. solanacearum strain UW551 from which the phage was isolated, but is also surprisingly found with 100% identity in the deposited genomes of 10 other phylotype II sequevar 1 strains of R. solanacearum. Furthermore, it is homologous to genome RS-09-161, resulting in the identification of a new prophage, designated RSM10, in a R. solanacearum strain from India. When ORF13 and a core attP site of ϕRs551 were either deleted individually or in combination, phage integration was not observed, suggesting that similar to other filamentous R. solanacearum ϕRSM phages, ϕRs551 relies on its resolvase and the core att sequence for site-directed integration into its susceptible R. solanacearum strain. The integration occurred four hours after phage infection. Infection of a susceptible R. solanacearum strain RUN302 by ϕRs551 resulted in less fluidal colonies and EPS production, and reduced motilities of the bacterium. Interestingly, infection of RUN302 by ϕRs551 also resulted in reduced virulence, rather than enhanced or loss of virulence caused by other ϕRSM phages. Study of bacteriophages of R. solanacearum would contribute to a better understanding of the phage-bacterium-environment interactions in order to develop integrated management strategies to combat R. solanacearum.