Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Designing Policy Recommendations to Reduce Home Abandonment in Mexico

Infonavit, the largest provider of mortgages in Mexico, assists working families to obtain low-interest rate housing solutions. An increasingly prevalent problem is home abandonment: when a homeowner decides to leave their property and forego their investment. A major causal factor of this outcome is a mismatch between the homeowner's needs, in terms of access to services and employment, and the location characteristics of the home. This paper describes our collaboration with Infonavit to reduce home abandonment at two levels: develop policy recommendations for targeted improvements in location characteristics, and develop a decision-support tool to assist the homeowner in the home location decision. Using 20 years of mortgage history data combined with surveys, census, and location information, we develop a model to predict the probability of home abandonment based on both individual and location characteristics. The model is used to develop a tool that provides Infonavit the ability to give advice to Mexican workers when they apply for a loan, evaluate and improve the locations of new housing developments, and provide data-driven recommendations to the federal government to influence local development initiatives and infrastructure investments. The result is improving economic outcomes for the citizens of Mexico by pre-emptively identifying at-risk home mortgages, thereby allowing them to be altered or remedied before they result in abandonment.
TECHNISCHE BERICHTE TECHNICAL REPORTS

Technological advances drive hardware to ever smaller feature sizes, causing devices to become more vulnerable to transient faults. Applications can be protected against faults by adding error detection and recovery measures in software. This is popularly achieved by applying automatic program transformations. However, transformations applied to program representations at abstraction levels higher than machine instructions are fundamentally incapable of protecting against vulnerabilities that are introduced during compilation. In particular, a large proportion of a program’s memory accesses are introduced by the compiler backend. This report presents a backend that protects these accesses against faults in the memory system. It is demonstrated that the presented backend can detect all single bit ﬂips in memory that would be missed by an error detection scheme that operates on the LLVM intermediate representation of programs. The presented compiler backend is obtained by modifying the LLVM backend for the x86 architecture. On a subset of SPEC CINT2006 the runtime overhead incurred by the backend modiﬁcations amounts to 1 . 50 x for the 32-bit processor architecture i386 , and 1 . 13 x for the 64-bit architecture x86 64 . To achieve comprehensive detection of memory faults, the modi-ﬁed backend implements an adjusted calling convention that leaves library function calls transparent and intact.
Modelos de assistência obstétrica concorrentes e ativismo pela humanização do parto

Este artigo se dedica a analise do embate contemporâneo em torno da questao do parto: entre partidarios do modelo “tecnocratico” e do “humanistico/humanizado” de assistencia. Primeiramente ele se traduz em um embate entre defensores do parto normal e da cesarea, desacortinando o conflito entre estes dois modelos de assistencia. Pretendo examinar os discursos medicos acerca de possiveis praticas obstetricas, com o objetivo de analisar como cada grupo (os que buscam legitimar o parto normal e os que defendem a cesarea) constroi e autoriza o seu discurso. Enfocarei o caminho percorrido pelos medicos formados em escolas de medicina com vies tecnocratico para a adocao do modelo humanizado. Analisarei tambem como as ativistas e demais mulheres se relacionam, respondem e se posicionam com relacao a estes discursos medicos, considerando o papel desempenhado por elas como reprodutoras, legitimadoras e construtoras destes discursos.
Is congenital bony stenosis of the cervical spine associated with lumbar spine stenosis? An anatomical study of 1072 human cadaveric specimens.

OBJECT Congenital cervical and lumbar stenosis occurs when the bony anatomy of the spinal canal is smaller than expected, predisposing an individual to symptomatic neural compression. While tandem stenosis is known to occur in 5%-25% of individuals, it is not known whether this relationship is due to an increased risk of degenerative disease in these individuals or whether this finding is due to the tandem presence of a congenitally small cervical and lumbar canal. The purpose of the present study was to determine if the presence of congenital cervical stenosis is associated with congenital lumbar stenosis. METHODS One thousand seventy-two adult skeletal specimens from the Hamann-Todd Collection in the Cleveland Museum of Natural History were selected. The canal area at each level was calculated using a formula that was verified by computerized measurements. Values that were 2 standard deviations below the mean were considered to represent congenitally stenotic regions. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between the sum of canal areas at all levels in the cervical and lumbar spine. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for congenital stenosis in one area if congenital stenosis was present in the other. RESULTS A positive association was found between the additive area of all cervical (that is, the sum of C3-7) and lumbar (that is, the sum of L1-5) levels (p < 0.01). A positive association was also found between the number of cervical and lumbar levels affected by congenital stenosis (p < 0.01). Logistic regression also demonstrated a significant association between congenital stenosis in the cervical and lumbar spine, with an odds ratio of 0.2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on the authors' findings in a large population of adult skeletal specimens, it appears that congenital stenosis of the cervical spine is associated with congenital stenosis of the lumbar spine. Thus, the presence of tandem stenosis appears to be, at least in part, related to the tandem presence of a congenitally small cervical and lumbar canal.
Managing Context-Dependent Workspace Awareness in an e-Collaboration Environment

Users increasingly manage their home and work collaborations by exploiting online applications. However, they have to deal with a fragmented view of their workspaces, because each application separately handles the awareness support. In order to address this issue, we propose an Integrated Collaboration Environment supporting (i) the synchronization of applications in a shared context, and (ii) a holistic awareness information management. Specifically, we present a notification model supporting a contextual organization of the awareness information, in order to reduce the disruptive effect of notifications on the user's attention.
Designing core ontologies

One of the key factors that hinders integration of distributed, heterogeneous information systems is the lack of a formal basis for modeling the complex, structured knowledge that is to be exchanged. To alleviate this situation, we present an approach based on core ontologies. Core ontologies are characterized by a high degree of axiomatization and formal precision. This is achieved by basing on a foundational ontology. In addition, core ontologies should follow a pattern-oriented design approach. By this, they are modular and extensible. Core ontologies allow for reusing the structured knowledge they define as well as integrating existing domain knowledge. The structured knowledge of the core ontologies is clearly separated from the domain-specific knowledge. Such core ontologies allow for both formally conceptualize their particular fields and to be flexibly combined to cover the needs of concrete, complex application domains. Over the last years, we have developed three independent core ontologies for events and objects, multimedia annotations and personal information management. In this paper, we present the simultaneous use and integration of our core ontologies at the example of a complex, distributed socio-technical system of emergency response. We describe our design approach for core ontologies and discuss the lessons learned in designing them. Finally, we elaborate on the beauty aspects of our core ontologies.
Distributed Continuous-Time Algorithm for Constrained Convex Optimizations via Nonsmooth Analysis Approach

This technical note studies the distributed optimization problem of a sum of nonsmooth convex cost functions with local constraints. At first, we propose a novel distributed continuous-time projected algorithm, in which each agent knows its local cost function and local constraint set, for the constrained optimization problem. Then we prove that all the agents of the algorithm can find the same optimal solution, and meanwhile, keep the states bounded while seeking the optimal solutions. We conduct a complete convergence analysis by employing nonsmooth Lyapunov functions for the stability analysis of differential inclusions. Finally, we provide a numerical example for illustration.
An exemplar approach to conceptual combination

Despite the success of exemplar models of representation, the general approach in the study of the representation of conceptual combinations is based on prototypes. In this study, we evaluate the exemplar view in conceptual combination, and compare it to the traditional prototype approach. For 10 complex concepts, typicality was predicted using an instantiation-based spatial exemplar model. The exemplar model's predictions were compared to the predictions of five plausible prototype models. Results clearly indicated that the exemplar model provides the best predictions of typicality for the complex concepts, and little or no unique variance in the observed typicality gradient was accounted for exclusively by the prototype model. We find that an exemplar representation of five to ten exemplars is optimal in the prediction of typicality, which is remarkably similar to earlier findings regarding simple, established concepts. Following the clear dominance of exemplar models in categorisation and concept research, the present study underlines the need of taking the exemplar approach to the next level, applying it in the more complex field of conceptual combination.
Insights on Na+ binding and conformational dynamics in multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter NorM

MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) transporter proteins mediate metabolite transport in plants and multidrug resistance in bacteria and mammals. MATE transporter NorM from Vibrio cholerae is an antiporter that is driven by Na+ gradient to extrude the substrates. To understand the molecular mechanism of Na+‐substrate exchange, molecular dynamics simulation was performed to study conformational changes of both wild‐type and mutant NorM with and without cation bindings. Our results show that NorM is able to bind two Na+ ions simultaneously, one to each of the carboxylic groups of E255 and D371 in the binding pocket. Furthermore, this di‐Na+ binding state is likely more efficient for conformational changes of NorM_VC toward the inward‐facing conformation than single‐Na+ binding state. The observation of two Na+ binding sites of NorM_VC is consistent with the previous study that two sites for ion binding (denoted as Na1/Na2 sites) are found in the transporter LeuT and BetP, another two secondary transporters. Taken together, our findings shed light on the structure rearrangements of NorM on Na+ binding and enrich our knowledge of the transport mechanism of secondary transporters. Proteins 2014; 82:240–249. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Social Licence as a Form of Regulation for Small and Medium Enterprises

Traditional forms of regulation have been criticized for not adequately protecting the environment. Indeed, there is evidence and growing support for the view that societal pressure can act as a social licence which induces 'beyond compliance' behaviour. In exploring this view, the paper (a) outlines the characteristics of the social licence; (b) assesses how these characteristics can influence the environmental behaviour of small and medium enterprises; (c) presents a model which shows that social licence pressures depend on the interplay of a range of factors; and (d) applies the model to explain why societal pressures rarely induce beyond compliance environmental behaviour among small and medium enterprises.
Use of parasite antigens and interleukin-2 to enhance suppressed immune responses during Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice

Mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi exhibit an early and profound suppression of parasite-specific and nonspecific immune responses. Earlier studies have shown that this suppression is due, at least in part, to suppressor macrophages, deficiency in production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), and reduced T helper (Th)-cell activity. In the present study, the effect of exogenously supplied IL-2 on enhancement of parasite-specific Th-cell activity, anti-parasite immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibody levels, parasitemia, and longevity was examined in infected mice. The results showed that administration of IL-2 with and without antigenic stimulation with trinitrophenylated T. cruzi significantly enhanced parasite-specific IgM and IgG levels. Injection of IL-2 and trinitrophenylated T. cruzi together significantly enhanced parasite-specific Th-cell activity and was more effective in enhancement of parasite-specific antibody levels. In addition, it was found that IL-2 alone had a rapid and lasting effect in reducing parasitemia. These results suggest that deficiency in IL-2 may play a major role in host susceptibility to T. cruzi.
Cell-based models to study hepatic drug metabolism and enzyme induction in humans

Cell-based in vitro models are invaluable tools in elucidating the pharmacokinetic profile of a drug candidate during its drug discovery and development process. As biotransformation is one of the key determinants of a drug’s disposition in the body, many in vitro models to study drug metabolism have been established, and others are still being developed and validated. This review is aimed at providing the reader with a concise overview of the characteristics and optimal application of established and emerging in vitro cell-based models to study human drug metabolism and induction of drug metabolising enzymes in the liver. The strengths and weaknesses of liver-derived models, such as primary hepatocytes, either freshly isolated or cryopreserved, and from adult or fetal donors, precision-cut liver slices, and cell lines, including immortalised cells, reporter cell lines, hepatocarcinoma-derived cell lines and recombinant cell lines, are discussed. Relevant cell culture configuration aspects as well as other models such as stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells and humanised animal models are also reviewed. The status of model development, their acceptance by health authorities and recommendations for the most appropriate use of the models are presented.
What Affects Mobile Application Downloads? The Role of In-Store Information

Given the increasing importance of mobile applications in people’s daily life and the unique characteristics of the mobile environment, surprisingly little research has been conducted to investigate consumers’ downloading behavior in mobile application stores. In this study, by combining predictors of product performance with customer value framework, we consider both text and non-text information in examining the effect of in-store information on application downloads. We apply latent semantic analysis technique to find out the meaningful, valuable information embedded in customer review and product description for five types of applications. We also find that for different types of applications, customers weight information at various levels when they make downloading decisions. This study makes contributions by revealing the role of in-store information in mobile application downloads and providing application developers with useful guidance to improve in-store information management.
Modelling Natural Surveillance

Many commentators have suggested that the ‘natural surveillance’ of public spaces can have important social consequences such as preventing or deterring crime. In this paper we introduce a model of natural surveillance in public space which uses visibility graph analysis. The model is applied to two study areas with very different urban morphologies: a traditional street network and a modern university campus. Levels of surveillance in the traditional street network are found to be much higher than in the university campus. It is suggested that the model can be used to test for the importance of natural surveillance as a risk-reduction factor in crime prevention through environmental design.
Coupling and Decoupling of Soil Carbon and Nutrient Cycles Across an Aridity Gradient in the Drylands of Northern China: Evidence From Ecoenzymatic Stoichiometry

Drylands are characterized by stressful conditions with the limitation of both carbon (C) and nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Biological C, N, and P releases from soil organic matter by enzymes are essential components for biogeochemical cycles and are sensitive to the climate in drylands. However, how the ecoenzymatic C:N:P stoichiometry responds to environmental factors (i.e., climatic and edaphic factors) over broad geographical scales remains largely unclear. We examined the patterns of ecoenzymatic C:N:P ratios across a 3,700‐km aridity gradient (0.43 < aridity < 0.97) in northern China. In wetter sites (aridity < 0.70), the relative C:N:P acquisition ratios via enzymes remained relatively constant with increasing aridity. In contrast, in drier sites (aridity > 0.70), the enzymatic C:nutrient (N and P) ratios declined as the aridity increased, while the enzymatic P:N ratios were mostly lower than those in the wetter sites. In drier sites with low C availability, the increasing carbon use efficiency and the increasing proportion of C converted to biomass (than the proportion of respiration) contributed to the declines of the enzymatic C:nutrient ratios as the aridity increased. The overall lower enzymatic P:N ratios were related to the higher soil P availability compared with N availability (higher organic P and lower soil NH4+:available P ratios) in drier sites. Overall, our findings indicate that intrinsic linkages of biological C, N, and P acquisitions and cycles were broken at the aridity threshold of 0.70, with higher acquisition efforts for N and P (particularly for N) with increasing aridity in drier sites with aridity > 0.70.
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification Version 1.0

This document describes PNG (Portable Network Graphics), an extensible file format for the lossless, portable, well-compressed storage of raster images. PNG provides a patent-free replacement for GIF and can also replace many common uses of TIFF. Indexed-color, grayscale, and truecolor images are supported, plus an optional alpha channel. Sample depths range from 1 to 16 bits.
The SMC-5/6 Complex and the HIM-6 (BLM) Helicase Synergistically Promote Meiotic Recombination Intermediate Processing and Chromosome Maturation during Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis

Meiotic recombination is essential for the repair of programmed double strand breaks (DSBs) to generate crossovers (COs) during meiosis. The efficient processing of meiotic recombination intermediates not only needs various resolvases but also requires proper meiotic chromosome structure. The Smc5/6 complex belongs to the structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) family and is closely related to cohesin and condensin. Although the Smc5/6 complex has been implicated in the processing of recombination intermediates during meiosis, it is not known how Smc5/6 controls meiotic DSB repair. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans we show that the SMC-5/6 complex acts synergistically with HIM-6, an ortholog of the human Bloom syndrome helicase (BLM) during meiotic recombination. The concerted action of the SMC-5/6 complex and HIM-6 is important for processing recombination intermediates, CO regulation and bivalent maturation. Careful examination of meiotic chromosomal morphology reveals an accumulation of inter-chromosomal bridges in smc-5; him-6 double mutants, leading to compromised chromosome segregation during meiotic cell divisions. Interestingly, we found that the lethality of smc-5; him-6 can be rescued by loss of the conserved BRCA1 ortholog BRC-1. Furthermore, the combined deletion of smc-5 and him-6 leads to an irregular distribution of condensin and to chromosome decondensation defects reminiscent of condensin depletion. Lethality conferred by condensin depletion can also be rescued by BRC-1 depletion. Our results suggest that SMC-5/6 and HIM-6 can synergistically regulate recombination intermediate metabolism and suppress ectopic recombination by controlling chromosome architecture during meiosis.
Strategic Planning for Network Data Analysis

As network traffic monitoring software for cybersecurity, malware detection, and other critical tasks becomes increasingly automated, the rate of alerts and supporting data gathered, as well as the complexity of the underlying model, regularly exceed human processing capabilities. Many of these applications require complex models and constituent rules in order to come up with decisions that influence the operation of entire systems. In this paper, we motivate the novel "strategic planning" problem -- one of gathering data from the world and applying the underlying model of the domain in order to come up with decisions that will monitor the system in an automated manner. We describe our use of automated planning methods to this problem, including the technique that we used to solve it in a manner that would scale to the demands of a real-time, real world scenario. We then present a PDDL model of one such application scenario related to network administration and monitoring, followed by a description of a novel integrated system that was built to accept generated plans and to continue the execution process. Finally, we present evaluations of two different automated planners and their different capabilities with our integrated system, both on a six-month window of network data, and using a simulator.
Cyclosporin A Specifically Affects Nuclear PLCβ1 in Immunodepressed Heart Transplant Patients with Gingival Overgrowth

One of the most commonly observed adverse effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) is the development of gingival overgrowth (GO). Fibroblasts are involved in GO, but the question why only a percentage of patients undergoing CsA treatment shows this side-effect remains unanswered. In a previous study, CsA has been demonstrated to induce over-expression of phospholipase C (PLC) β1 in fibroblasts of patients with clinical GO, in cells from both enlarged and clinically healthy gingival sites. In this work, we assessed the expression of PLCβ isoforms to investigate whether the exaggerated fibroblast response to CsA related to increased PLCβ1 expression could also be detected in CsA-treated patients without clinical signs of GO. Our results support the hypothesis of a multi-factorial origin of gingival overgrowth, including specific changes within the gingival tissues orchestrating fibroblastic hyper-responsiveness as a consequence of a long-term in vivo exposure to cyclosporin A.