Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feelings of Disgust and Disgust-Induced Avoidance Weaken following Induced Sexual Arousal in Women

Background Sex and disgust are basic, evolutionary relevant functions that are often construed as paradoxical. In general the stimuli involved in sexual encounters are, at least out of context strongly perceived to hold high disgust qualities. Saliva, sweat, semen and body odours are among the strongest disgust elicitors. This results in the intriguing question of how people succeed in having pleasurable sex at all. One possible explanation could be that sexual engagement temporarily reduces the disgust eliciting properties of particular stimuli or that sexual engagement might weaken the hesitation to actually approach these stimuli. Methodology Participants were healthy women (n = 90) randomly allocated to one of three groups: the sexual arousal, the non-sexual positive arousal, or the neutral control group. Film clips were used to elicit the relevant mood state. Participants engaged in 16 behavioural tasks, involving sex related (e.g., lubricate the vibrator) and non-sex related (e.g., take a sip of juice with a large insect in the cup) stimuli, to measure the impact of sexual arousal on feelings of disgust and actual avoidance behaviour. Principal Findings The sexual arousal group rated the sex related stimuli as less disgusting compared to the other groups. A similar tendency was evident for the non-sex disgusting stimuli. For both the sex and non-sex related behavioural tasks the sexual arousal group showed less avoidance behaviour (i.e., they conducted the highest percentage of tasks compared to the other groups). Significance This study has investigated how sexual arousal interplays with disgust and disgust eliciting properties in women, and has demonstrated that this relationship goes beyond subjective report by affecting the actual approach to disgusting stimuli. Hence, this could explain how we still manage to engage in pleasurable sexual activity. Moreover, these findings suggest that low sexual arousal might be a key feature in the maintenance of particular sexual dysfunctions.
Efficient method for simulating gravity‐dominated water flow in unsaturated soils

Numerical convergence difficulties associated with nonlinearity in the hydraulic property functions are often encountered when simulating gravity‐dominated water flow in unsaturated soils using Richards' equation. A new approach for approximating the gravity term in Richard's equation is developed. Tests on a wide variety of soils show it is superior to existing Picard and Newton approaches. It is more reliable and efficient and allows larger time steps to be used.
Comparing dementia patients’ nighttime objective movement indicators with staff observations

Background: Pharmacological and non‐pharmacological approaches are commonly used to treat patients’ institutionalised for nighttime wandering. Actigraphy and other scales have been used to evaluate the efficacy of these treatments. However, in clinical settings, nursing records are often the sole source of daily observation of nighttime wandering. Thus, physicians rely on nursing records to evaluate pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatments. This study examined nighttime movements of patients with dementia, comparing the results of integrated circuit tag monitoring with hourly nighttime nursing records. We tested which factors were associated with agreement rates between the two data sources.
Identification of ionic currents at presynaptic nerve endings of the lizard.

1. Ionic currents associated with the invasion of an action potential into the motor nerve ending of the lizard, Anolis carolinensis, were measured with a focal extracellular electrode at several locations along the nerve ending. 2. These experimentally observed currents could be matched with computer simulations of action potential propagation into the nerve ending. They revealed that while Na+ channels are the major ionic current pathway in the heminode, K+ channels provide the major pathway in the terminal branches and boutons. 3. Calcium current in the presynaptic ending was unmasked by the application of tetraethylammonium (TEA). This current was blocked by: (a) cadmium, (b) omega‐conotoxin GVIA and (c) nifedipine, but was unaffected by nickel at concentrations less than or equal to 100 microM. Nifedipine's action became more definitive when the duration of the action potential was greatly extended by pre‐treatment with TEA. The effect of Bay K 8644 was inconsistent. 4. Transmitter release, as measured by postsynaptic current, had a pharmacological response profile similar to that of the Ca2+ current, with the exception that transmitter release was increased reliably and reversibly by Bay K 8644. 5. This pharmacological response profile is identical to that of the L type Ca2+ channel identified by Fox, Nowycky & Tsien (1987 alpha) in chick dorsal root ganglion neurones. We saw no evidence for more than a single type of Ca2+ channel in lizard motor nerve endings. 6. A calcium‐activated K+ current IK(Ca) was revealed by application of 3,4‐diaminopyridine (DAP), a delayed‐rectifier K+ channel blocker. This K(Ca) current was blocked by TEA, charybdotoxin and by substitution of cobalt for extracellular calcium.
The response of atmospheric circulation to weak solar forcing

We study the effect of variable external forcing on a dynamical system proposed by Lorenz as “perhaps the simplest possible ‘general circulation’ model” of the atmosphere. When a strong annual cycle is included, numerical exploration reveals the existence of a variety of multiyear climate states, which fall into two basic types. In the space of external forcing parameters, the different kinds of climate state are interleaved in an intricate pattern at scales ≤0.01%. Since this is below the ∼0.1% level of observed solar cycle irradiance variability, then the model climate state can be modulated by the solar variability. If the solar cycle is accompanied by a steady drift in forcing, it can produce periodic modulation that appears, disappears, and even reverses its phase. A parametric drift by itself produces intervals of steady, but sometimes differing, climates punctuated by intermittent bursts of variability. Different forcing parameters for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres produce different responses to variable forcing. We test the stability of the results under the addition of noise and changes of system parameters.
Runoff Trends Driven by Climate and Afforestation in a Pyrenean Basin

The abandonment of traditional rural life in mountain areas has favoured the expansion of forest in the headwaters of Pyrenean rivers. In this paper, we (i) analyse hydro‐climatic trends at the annual and monthly scales in three nested sub‐catchments in a central Pyrenean basin and (ii) quantify the relative contribution of climate change and forest cover on the observed changes in runoff. Land use maps indicate an increase in the forest cover in all sub‐basins for the period 1987–2009. Non‐parametric Mann–Kendall statistic on annual and monthly hydro‐climatic data from 1965 to 2009 was used to identify trends in climate and runoff data. To assess the potential influence of the period length, trends were also examined for the 1941–2009 stretch. Upward trends were detected for temperature and potential evapotranspiration, particularly during summer and winter months. Precipitation trends and their significance depended on the length of the period considered, although overall results indicated a decrease, particularly for February and July. The effects of climate change and land cover change on annual runoff were identified by means of a change point analysis. Results indicated that a change in annual runoff took place in the 1980s, suggesting the non‐linearity in the relationship between precipitation and runoff, and thus the influence of land use factors. The influence of forest cover was confirmed by comparing observed runoff trends with those resulting from a hydro‐climatic model that does not take into account land use changes. Divergence between both trends revealed that forest cover can account for ~40% of the observed decrease in annual runoff. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of catecholestrogens on the growth of prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors and normal prolactin synthesis in the rat.

The effects of the catecholestrogens 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1) and 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2) on the growth of the estrogen-induced transplantable PRL-secreting rat pituitary tumor 7315a were compared with the effects produced by the chronic administration of estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3). 2-OHE2 (100 μg/kg·day for 27 days) inhibited pituitary tumor growth by 38 ±8% (P < 0.05), while producing no change in the weight and total PRL content of the pituitary gland. It exerted a small uterotropic effect in tumor-bearing rats and impaired body growth slightly. 2-OHE1 (100 μg/kg·day) inhibited pituitary tumor growth by 56 ± 9% (P < 0.01) and suppressed both the weight (P < 0.01) and the total PRL content of the pituitary gland (P < 0.01). The compound normalized the weight of the uterus and did not influence body growth. Both E2 (20 μg/kg·day) and E3 (100 μg/kg·day) profoundly inhibited pituitary tumor growth (−98 ± 3 and −83 ± 6%, respectively; P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). These steroids had a stro.
An integrated clinical approach to predicting the benefit of tirofiban in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. Application of the TIMI Risk Score for UA/NSTEMI in PRISM-PLUS.

AIMS We evaluated the TIMI Risk Score for Unstable Angina and Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction for predicting clinical outcomes and the efficacy of tirofiban in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. METHODS AND RESULTS Developed in TIMI 11B, the risk score is calculated as the sum of seven presenting characteristics (age > or =65 years, > or =3 cardiac risk factors, documented coronary disease, recent severe angina, ST deviation > or =0.5 mm, elevated cardiac markers, prior aspirin use). The risk score was validated in the PRISM-PLUS database (n=1915) and tested for interaction with the efficacy of tirofiban+heparin vs heparin alone. The risk score revealed an increasing gradient of risk for death, myocardial infarction or recurrent ischaemia at 14 days ranging from 7.7-30.5% (P<0.001). Dichotomized at the median, patients with a score > or =4 derived a greater relative risk reduction with tirofiban (P((Interaction))=0.025). Among patients with normal creatine kinase myocardial bands, the risk score showed a 3.5-fold gradient of risk (P<0.001) and identified a population that derived significant benefit from tirofiban (RR 0.73, P=0.027). CONCLUSION The TIMI Risk Score is a simple clinical tool for risk assessment that may aid in the early identification of patients who should be considered for treatment with potent antiplatelet therapy.
Handwritten digit recognition by adaptive-subspace self-organizing map (ASSOM)

The adaptive-subspace self-organizing map (ASSOM) proposed by Kohonen is a recent development in self-organizing map (SOM) computation. In this paper, we propose a method to realize ASSOM using a neural learning algorithm in nonlinear autoencoder networks. Our method has the advantage of numerical stability. We have applied our ASSOM model to build a modular classification system for handwritten digit recognition. Ten ASSOM modules are used to capture different features in the ten classes of digits. When a test digit is presented to all the modules, each module provides a reconstructed pattern and the system outputs a class label by comparing the ten reconstruction errors. Our experiments show promising results. For relatively small size modules, the classification accuracy reaches 99.3% on the training set and over 97% on the testing set.
Detecting error-related negativity for interaction design

This paper examines the ability to detect a characteristic brain potential called the Error-Related Negativity (ERN) using off-the-shelf headsets and explores its applicability to HCI. ERN is triggered when a user either makes a mistake or the application behaves differently from their expectation. We first show that ERN can be seen on signals captured by EEG headsets like Emotiv™ when doing a typical multiple choice reaction time (RT) task -- Flanker task. We then present a single-trial online ERN algorithm that works by pre-computing the coefficient matrix of a logistic regression classifier using some data from a multiple choice reaction time task and uses it to classify incoming signals of that task on a single trial of data. We apply it to an interactive selection task that involved users selecting an object under time pressure. Furthermore the study was conducted in a typical office environment with ambient noise. Our results show that online single trial ERN detection is possible using off-the-shelf headsets during tasks that are typical of interactive applications. We then design a Superflick experiment with an integrated module mimicking an ERN detector to evaluate the accuracy of detecting ERN in the context of assisting users in interactive tasks. Based on these results we discuss and present several HCI scenarios for use of ERN.
DARI DATA SATELIT ALTIMETRI TOPEX/POSEIDON

Satelit altimetri Topex/Poseidon (T/P) merupakan satelit yang mempunyai misi untuk mempelajari dinamika laut global dan fenomena pasang surut laut (pasut). Karena sifatnya yang global, kebutuhan data pasut di laut lepas dapat terpenuhi. Analisis harmonik dilakukan untuk mendapatkan amplitudo dan fase dari konstanta pasut yang ditentukan Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Least Square. Analisis dilakukan terhadap enam pass (lintasan) T/P yaitu pass 051, 064, 088, 127, 153 dan 203. Pembanding (validasi) hasil analisis tersebut adalah lima data stasiun pasut terdekat (Cilacap, Ambon, Prigi, Bangka dan Tarakan) serta data pasut hasil peramalan Tide Model Driver (TMD) di sepanjang pass dan di dua persilangan (Laut Jawa dan Samudera Indonesia) Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tinggi muka laut (SSH) ratarata tertinggi adalah di perairan Ambon (58,0762 m) dan terendah adalah di Cilacap (-0,8033 m). Kesalahan amplitudo rata-rata konstanta data pasut T/P terhadap data Bakosurtanal adalah pass 051 Cilacap: 0,4692 m, pass 088 Ambon: 0,2846 m, pass 127 Prigi: 0,0947 m, pass 153 Bangka: 0,1498 m dan pass 203 Tarakan: 0,1116 m. Kesalahan amplitudo rata-rata konstanta data pasut T/P terhadap data peramalan adalah pass 051 Cilacap: 0,0561 m , pass 088 Ambon: 0,0370 m, pass 127 Prigi: 0,0718 m, pass 153 Bangka: 0,0637 m dan pass 203 Tarakan: 0,0770 m. Kesalahan amplitudo rata-rata terkecil untuk crossover terdapat pada persilangan yang berimpit yaitu 0,0144 m (pass 051 dan 064) dan 0,0735 m (pass 127 dan 064). Sedangkan fase yang dihasilkan sangat berbeda baik nilai maupun tandanya. Tipe pasut dari satelit T/P sama dengan tipe pasut dari Bakosurtanal maupun dari peramalan.
THE SECOND LAS CRUCES TRENCH EXPERIMENT : EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW PREDICTIONS

As part of a comprehensive field study designed to provide data to test stochastic and deterministic models of water flow and contaminant transport in the vadose zone, several trench experiments were performed in the semiarid region of southern New Mexico. The first trench experiment is discussed by Wierenga et al. (this issue). During the second trench experiment, a 1.2 m wide by 12 m long area on the north side of and parallel to a 26.4 m long by 4.8 m wide by 6m deep trench was irrigated with water containing tracers using a carefully controlled drip irrigation system. The irrigated area was heavily instrumented with tensiometers and neutron probe access tubes to monitor water movement, and with suction samplers to monitor solute transport. Water containing tritium and bromide was. applied during the first 11.5 days of the study. Thereafter, water was applied without tracers for an additional 64 days. Both water movement and tracer movement were monitored in the subsoil during infiltration and redistribution. The experimental results indicate that water and bromide moved fairly uniformly during infiltration and the bromide moved ahead of the tritium due to anion exclusion during redistribution. Comparisons between measurements and predictions made with a two-dimensional model show qualitative agreement for two of the three water content measurement planes. Model predictions of tritium and bromide transport were not as satisfactory. Measurements of both tritium and bromide show localized areas of high relative concentrations and a large downward motion of bromide relative to tritium during redistribution. While the simple deterministic model does show larger downward motions for bromide than for tritium during redistribution, it does not predict the high concentrations of solute observed during infiltration, nor can it predict the heterogeneous behavior observed for tritium during infiltration and for bromide during redistribution.
The Nature and Causes of Extreme Events : An Application to Subprime Market Spillovers

What drives extreme and rare economic events? Motivated by r ecent theory, and events in US subprime markets, we begin to open the black box o f e tremes. Specifically, we build a taxonomy of extremes, then extend standar d economic analysis of extreme risk in two ways. First, we model the potentially rel evant dimensions of dynamics and endogeneity. In characterizing individuals’ en dogenous propagation of extremes, we relate the latter to public goods. Second, usin g over a century of daily stock price data, we construct empirical probabilities of e xtremes. We document that extremes are relatively frequent and persistent. We also fin d evidence that extremes are endogenous for some reference periods, which raises the possibility that control of extremes is a public good.
Automated Dynamic Firmware Analysis at Scale: A Case Study on Embedded Web Interfaces

Embedded devices are becoming more widespread, interconnected, and web-enabled than ever. However, recent studies showed that embedded devices are far from being secure. Moreover, many embedded systems rely on web interfaces for user interaction or administration. Web security is still difficult and therefore the web interfaces of embedded systems represent a considerable attack surface. In this paper, we present the first fully automated framework that applies dynamic firmware analysis techniques to achieve, in a scalable manner, automated vulnerability discovery within embedded firmware images. We apply our framework to study the security of embedded web interfaces running in Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) embedded devices, such as routers, DSL/cable modems, VoIP phones, IP/CCTV cameras. We introduce a methodology and implement a scalable framework for discovery of vulnerabilities in embedded web interfaces regardless of the devices' vendor, type, or architecture. To reach this goal, we perform full system emulation to achieve the execution of firmware images in a software-only environment, i.e., without involving any physical embedded devices. Then, we automatically analyze the web interfaces within the firmware using both static and dynamic analysis tools. We also present some interesting case-studies and discuss the main challenges associated with the dynamic analysis of firmware images and their web interfaces and network services. The observations we make in this paper shed light on an important aspect of embedded devices which was not previously studied at a large scale.
Minimalism in human-computer interaction : development of a focused perspective on usability processes and design products

Minimalism is a concept used in many different literatures ranging from arts to mathematics. Developing a notion of minimalism for human-computer interaction and applying this notion to the products and processes of usability engineering efforts yields an alternative viewpoint. Minimalism lays ultimate value on freedom for the user; the interface grows through reduction. This attitude is inherent in UE processes and can be contrasted with software development methods where progress is measured based on feature completeness. The application of a minimalism notion to practice can lead to a deeper understanding in both the trade-offs necessary during design and the politics involved in development. Author
Visualization of epileptogenic phenomena using cross-correlation analysis: localization of epileptic foci and propagation of epileptiform discharges

The main objectives of the preoperative evaluation of a patient with medically intractable epileptic seizures are localization of the foci and propagation of the epileptiform discharges. Electrocorticographic (ECoG) data of intractable focal epilepsy were analyzed using an AR model, wavelet analysis, and cross-correlation analysis. In order to derive the time-shifts, the cross correlations of the epileptiform discharges were calculated between electrodes for every unit of time. Further analyses mere made by means of a set of contour maps of the time-shifts and sequential two- and three-dimensional visualizations of the time-shift maps in order to localize the epileptic foci and study their propagation process. Two types of foci and propagation mere revealed in the results, In the first type, epileptiform discharges were generated at localized focal sites and spread quickly to other sites. In the second type, the foci of epileptiform discharges, which appeared soon after the former bursts, were localized at more than one site, and the discharges tended to spread more slowly. The findings suggest that epileptic phenomena can be caused by at least two kinds of mechanisms in one patient: in the former, the propagation might be mediated through synaptic projections, while in the latter, the extracellular diffusion of an excitatory factor might play an important role. In addition, our newly developed visualization technique for the localization of epileptic foci and the propagation of epileptiform discharges should prove useful in the study of epileptogenesis etiology.
NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF AD 1660–1930 EUROPEAN COPPER‐COLOURED BLUE GLASS TRADE BEADS FROM ONTARIO, CANADA

Blue glass trade beads from well-dated late seventeenth- to early twentieth-century sites and collections have been analysed non-destructively by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The beads display enough variations in their elemental contents to allow us to characterize the different chemistries. The implication of these results is that similar chemical analyses of blue beads from undated archaeological sites may be used to help date the sites, since each bead chemistry has a specific earliest period.
MD2-NFV: The case for multi-domain distributed network functions virtualization

Motivated by the vision of Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) spanning different administrative domains, this position paper makes the case for multi-domain, distributed NFV (MD2-NFV). To this end, we present MD2-NFV as a natural evolution of the NFV paradigm to deliver a distributed deployment of Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) as a service. By means of three motivating use case scenarios, we discuss potential benefits and identify challenging features towards enabling advanced peering relationships between NFV domains.