Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extracting interdependent requirements and resolving conflicted requirements of safety and security for industrial control systems

Industrial control systems are safety-critical systems. However, security attacks aiming at industrial control systems are rising tremendously in recent years. As a result, not only safety but also security should be considered in industrial control systems. To protect industrial control systems from failing due to intentional attacks from outside of the system and internal faults, safety and security must be considered comprehensively for the two following reasons: Firstly, it is security attacks from outside of the system that weaken inside equipment, which then leads to safety issues. This means that safety and security are related. Secondly, safety and security are two different areas with their own focuses. When trying to achieve their separate goals in the same industrial control system, safety requirements and security requirements may be conflicted. Therefore it is necessary to study the relationship between safety and security and consider them comprehensively. In this paper, we focus on requirement analysis phase. The relationships between safety and security requirements are analyzed and classified. An integrated requirement analysis method is proposed to extract interdependent safety and security requirements and resolve conflicted safety and security requirements. Finally, two examples are given to show how to use the proposed method.
Interactive reinforcement learning for task-oriented dialogue management

Dialogue management is the component of a dialogue system that determines the optimal action for the system to take at each turn. An important consideration for dialogue managers is the ability to adapt to new user behaviors unseen during training. In this paper, we investigate policy gradient based methods for interactive reinforcement learning where the agent receives action-speciﬁc feedback from the user and incorporates this feedback into its policy. We show that using the feedback to directly shape the policy enables a dialogue manager to learn new interactions faster compared to interpreting the feedback as a reward value
Francois de LaPeyronie (1978-1747): the man and the disease he described.

The evaluation of the treatments for Peyronie's disease is difficult; the natural history is such that the plaque may resolve spontaneously [82]. In 1973, Alec Badenoch made this comment and noted that no treatment had then been evaluated in a controlled clinical study [83]. The origin of the eponym is vague and the disease remains an enigma. To this day, the treatment can be difficult. It is not surprising that so many treatments have been tried and so much dogma written. Indeed, in 1903, William Johnson Walsham, the famous surgeon from St Bartholomew's Hospital in London, and author of the standard surgical text book of the day, wrote; ". if treatment of the plaque with iodides is unsuccessful . or if the induration progresses . then the whole penis must be promptly amputated! ' [44]. We no longer believe this dictuml.
Validity and reliability of the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire in assessing health status in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.

BACKGROUND Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) markedly reduces lung function through progressive lung destruction. To date, however, health status in patients with CPA has not been studied. This is due, in part, to a lack of adequately validated scales. The St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) is widely used for several chronic respiratory diseases, but not for CPA. We examined the reliability and validity of SGRQ in CPA. METHODS Eighty-eight patients with CPA completed the SGRQ, the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), and the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale. Lung function and BMI were also measured. Pearson correlation, t test, analysis of variance, and their equivalents for nonparametric data and multivariate linear and binary analyses were used. RESULTS The SGRQ components (symptoms, activity, and impact) and total scores achieved high internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.77, 0.91, 0.86, and 0.94), and SGRQ components had good intercorrelation (r ≥ 0.41; P < .001) and correlated well with the total score (r ≥ 0.63; P < .001). There were high, intraclass, correlation coefficients for the total SGRQ and its dimensions (≥ 0.92). The SGRQ scores showed significant correlation with the MRC dyspnea scale and SF-36 components and differentiated between all grades of shortness of breath and different bands of disease severity (P < .05). In addition, patients with greater clinician-rated disease severity had more impairment of health status (P < .006). CPA severity was independently associated with impairment in health status, and COPD comorbidity significantly affected the health status in patients with CPA. CONCLUSIONS SGRQ demonstrated a significant level of reliability and validity in measuring health status in CPA.
Automatic detection of QRS complexes in ECG signals collected from patients after cardiac surgery

A novel automatic QRS detection algorithm that is based on a wavelet pre-filter and an adaptive threshold technique is presented. The algorithm utilizes a bi-orthogonal wavelet filter to de-noise the ECG signal. The QRS complexes are then identified by computing the first derivative of the signal and applying a set of adaptive thresholds that are not limited to a strict range. QRS complexes are identified in multiple ECG channels of a 5-lead configuration and an inter-channel comparison is performed to verify QRS locations. The algorithm was initially developed using ECG signals from Physionet website, but was later refined using ECG data collected from post cardiac surgery patients in the intensive care units. The proposed algorithm was able to detect QRS complexes with high sensitivity (>99%) and specificity (>99%) when compared to the algorithm used in Physionet ECG database. Additionally, the new algorithm can be implemented in real-time and can successfully detect QRS complexes for a wide variety of ECG shapes and characteristics often encountered in cardiac patients
Logico-numerical control for software components reconfiguration

We target the problem of the safe control of reconfigurations in component-based software systems, where strategies of adaptation to variations in both their environment and internal resource demands need to be enforced. In this context, the computing system involves software components that are subject to control decisions. We approach this problem under the angle of Discrete Event Systems (DES), involving properties on events observed during the execution (e.g., requests of computing tasks, work overload), and a state space representing different configurations such as activity or assemblies of components. We consider in particular the potential of applying novel logico-numerical control techniques to extend the expressivity of control models and objectives, thereby extending the application of DES in component-based software systems. We elaborate methodological guidelines for the application of logico-numerical control based on a case-study, and validate the result experimentally.
Creating Shared Value Through Implementing Green Practices for Star Hotels

This study expands the concept of shared value through the value chain to include green practice innovation in star hotels in Taiwan. By employing the Delphi method, 44 green innovation indicators were established for star hotels to create an instrument to help address green practices’ implementation. Through creating shared value by using the top 18 indicators among eight dimensions, this study explores the preliminary green innovation framework to configure the value chain and to propose a conceptual model based on a shared value perspective. The findings contribute to the current literature by including green innovation processes into the shared value concept to complement the existing value chain design, and by addressing whether the green innovation indicators examined pertain to a value chain or process analysis. The results provide substantial contributions on how star hotels can efficiently implement green practices to simultaneously approach economic profits and environmental protection.
Identification of Stakeholders of Public Interest Organisations

Organisations are responsible for the impact of their decisions and actions on society and environment. This responsibility should be exercised by, among others, transparent and ethical conduct, which contributes to sustainable development, including the welfare and health of society, consideration of the stakeholders’ expectations, maintaining compliance with the current law, and coherence with international standards of conduct, and should be integrated with the organisation’s actions and exercised in its relations. An organisation’s social responsibility, aside from the fact that it is an obligation towards society, can bring the organisation measurable benefits in the long-term, such as an increase in the interest of investors, for whom a company’s financial credibility is often dependent on its social credibility, improved consumer and stakeholder loyalty, as well as increased competitiveness. The purpose of this article, the consideration of which is embedded in stakeholder theory, is to answer the question of whether Polish stock exchange companies identify their stakeholders, and to identify the possible effects of such identification on the organisations. From among 102 organisations that took part in CATI (computer-assisted telephone interview) studies, 28% identify their stakeholders. It is interesting that organisations that identify their stakeholders generated positive financial results more often than organisations that do not identify them. Organisations that identify their stakeholders are more transparent, i.e., disclose their non-financial information. On the other hand, organisations that do not identify their stakeholders do not practically disclose any non-financial information. In the light of the analysis of the subject literature and the obtained results of our research, we deem it necessary to analyse the stakeholders and assess their expectations in order to select the optimal level of co-operation with the stakeholders—in terms of the entity’s vision—and consider their needs in the company value generation strategy. This action offers managers more resources to achieve success.
Time-frequency representation of resistance for modeling of transformer winding under impulse test

In power engineering, transformer fault detection during impulse tests has always been an important topic. Accurate diagnosis of faults can significantly enhance the safety, reliability, and economics of the power system. Modern computerized fault detection techniques require information on current and voltage waveforms of transformer windings subjected to impulse voltages under different fault conditions. Simulation studies based on digital models of transformer windings greatly enhance the understanding of surge voltage and current waveforms. The conventional lumped parameter transformer model for digital simulations does not consider frequency-dependent parameters accurately and extensively. The nonstationary nature of voltage and current waveforms inside the transformer winding requires the model parameter to be both time and frequency dependent. This paper proposes a wavelet transform-based time-varying frequency-dependent winding resistance model for transformers under impulse test. The model has been validated by comparing real-life and simulated current responses of transformers over a wide range of power ratings. Digital modeling of transformers using the proposed time-frequency-dependent parameters will help in constructing accurate models of transformers windings for simulation studies.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Pathogenic Corynebacterial Species Isolated from Cows

The species Corynebacterium renale, Corynebacterium pilosum, and Corynebacterium cystitidis were initially thought to be the same species C. renale, but with different immunological types. These bacteria are the causative agent of cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis and are found usually as constituents of the normal flora in the lower urogenital tract of cattle. Therefore, we present the draft genome sequences of two pathogenic Corynebacterium species: C. renale CIP 52.96 and C. pilosum CIP 103422. The genome sequences of these species have 2,322,762 bp with 2,218 protein encoding genes and 2,548,014 bp with 2,428 protein encoding genes, respectively. These genomes can help clarify the virulence mechanisms of these unknown bacteria and enable the development of more effective methods for control.
Factors Affecting Filter Penetration and Quality Factor of Particulate Respirators

In the present study, a theoretical model was used to examine factors affecting the filtration characteristics of filters used for respiratory protection. This work was designed to support the particulate filter test requirements established in 1996. The major operating parameters examined in this work include face velocity, fiber diameter, packing density, filter thickness, and fiber charge density. Characteristics of the most penetrating particle size were also modeled with the same operating parameters. The results showed that aerosol penetration through electret filter media increases with increasing face velocity and increasing fiber diameter, and decreases as packing density, filter thickness or fiber charge density increase. Face velocity and fiber charge density have more significant effects on filter quality than the other factors. Filter quality increases with decreasing face velocity or increasing fiber charge density. For electret filters, (1) the most penetrating particle size increases with increasing fiber diameter; (2) an increase in packing density, thickness, or fiber charge density would cause the most penetrating particle size to decrease, and (3) the most penetrating particle size through electret filters increases with increasing face velocity and decreasing filter thickness. On the other hand, for non-electret filter media, the most penetrating particle size increases with decreasing face velocity, and the filter quality factor is not affected by filter thickness.
Foster girls' perceptions of respect within a South African Child and Youth Care Centre context

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore a group of South African foster girls’ perceptions of respect within a Child and Youth Care Centre context. A qualitative, phenomenological approach was taken and the study is presented within the positive paradigm of psychology. Twenty female adolescents between the ages of 12 and 16 years, all from the same Child and Youth Care Centre, were selected purposively for this study. A world cafe research strategy was used, and subsequently six individual interviews took place to investigate their perception of respect within the CYCC. All requirements as to ethical concerns were followed. Ethical authorisation and approval were obtained from North-West University, the CYCC and participants. Thematic analysis of the collected data shows that the adolescents’ perceptions of respect within the CYCC context are linked mostly to issues of relationships and respectful interacting; positive and negative emotions; resilience and effective coping as well as gender. Sub-themes such as pride, trust, happiness, belonging, anger, hopelessness, discrimination and preferential treatment between sexes have been identified. These main themes are viewed as contributors to positive relational well-being. Future research could investigate the establishment of well-being programmes for adolescents living in Child and Youth Care Centres to promote resilient coping and sustainable personal growth via the implementation of respect deliberately. This could diminish languishing and learned helplessness, at the same time promoting individual strengths and complete wellbeing or flourishing.
Measuring The Effects Of A Mindfulness Intervention On Counselors’-In-Training Dispositions, Strength Of The Therapeutic Relationship, And Client Outcomes

vii List of Tables . x List of Figures . xi Chapter One: INTRODUCTION . 1 Chapter Two: LITERATURE REVIEW . 33 Chapter Three: METHOD . 65 Chapter Four: RESULTS . 101 Chapter Five: DISCUSSION . 146 References . 173 Appendix A: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA IRB APPROVAL . 189 Appendix B: INFORMED CONSENT COUNSELOR-IN-TRAINING . 190 Appendix C: INFORMED CONSENT CLIENTS . 193 Appendix D: GENERAL DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY CIT . 196 Appendix E: GENERAL DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY CLIENTS . 198 Appendix F: OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS AND CLARIFIERS DISPOSITIONS . 200 Appendix G: CIT DISPOSITIONAL DATA COLLECTION FORM . 204
Radical Media, Social Movement Framing and the Georgia Straight

Supervisory Committee Dr. Dennis Pilon, Department of Political Science Co-Supervisor Dr. James Lawson, Department of Political Science Co-Supervisor The central goal of this thesis is to direct attention to the underappreciated role that radical media has played in communicating social movement messages, which challenge dominant discourses and politicize youth culture, by helping advance master protest frames, reframe collective identities and promote movement-specific collective action frames. To demonstrate the relationship between radical media and movements, this thesis identifies a gap in social movement research regarding how movements communicate reframed meaning to participants. Furthermore, to address this lacuna, it proceeds to assess the movement-oriented content and discursive master, collective identity and collective action frames found in Vancouver’s ‘underground’ newspaper, the Georgia Straight, between 1967 and 1969. The research into these frames supports the argument that Georgia Straight in this period did act as a form of radical media, reflecting and reinforcing the broader social movement of youth radicalism in existence at the time.
Evaluation of Driver Stress Using Biomarker in Motor-vehicle Driving Simulator

Employing the analysis of a biomarker, an oculomotor angle and a subjective evaluation, we have examined the acute, psychological effect human stress of driving using a motor-vehicle driving simulator. Salivary amylase is used as a biomarker, as it is considered to be one of the indicators of sympathetic nervous activity. 20 healthy female subjects in their early twenties were enrolled in this study. The time-course change of their salivary amylase activity (sAMY) is analyzed before and during the driving. At the same time, using a questionnaire, subjective evaluations are conducted with each subject. As for comparison, the effect of operating a car navigation device, which is not directly associated with driving, is also evaluated. Our results indicate that the psychological effect of driving-induced stress, a condition that can not be easily detected or recognized by a subjective evaluation, is quickly quantified using a biomarker in saliva. Moreover, the results suggest that operation of a non-driving-related device may also reduce the capacity to concentrate on driving. These data imply that evaluation of driver stress using a biomarker can be very useful for improvement of safety during driving
Human Subinsular Asymmetry Studied by Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Fiber Tracking

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our aim was to improve our understanding of the subinsular white matter microstructural asymmetries in healthy right-handed subjects. Structural brain asymmetries could be related to functional asymmetries such as hemisphere language dominance or handedness. Besides the known gray matter asymmetries, white matter asymmetries could also play a key role in the understanding of hemispheric specialization, notably that of language. MATERIALS AND METHODS: White matter asymmetries were studied by diffusion tensor imaging at 1.5T (41 diffusion-gradient directions; b-value set to 700 s/mm2; matrix, 1282; in-plane resolution, 1.875 × 1.875 mm; section thickness, 2.0 mm) and fiber tracking (BrainVISA software). The main white matter bundles passing through the subinsular area were segmented, and fractional anisotropy (FA) was measured along each of the segmented bundles. RESULTS: In line with published results, we found an asymmetry of the arcuate fasciculus and the subinsular white matter, namely left-greater-than-right FA in right-handed controls. Furthermore, by segmenting major tracts coursing through this region, we showed that the subinsular portions of the uncinate fasciculus (UF) and the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus (IOF) contribute to this FA asymmetry. Those tracts have been reported to be likely implicated in the language network. CONCLUSION: Because the left hemisphere hosts language functions in most right-handers, the significant leftward asymmetry observed within the arcuate fasciculus, the subinsular part of the UF and IOF may be related to the hemispheric specialization for language.
Quantitative comparison of polar approach versus fitting method in time domain FLIM image analysis

We calculate here analytically the performance of the polar approach (or phasor) in terms of signal‐to‐noise ratio and F values when performing time‐domain Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) to determine the minimal number of photons necessary for FLIM measurements (which is directly related to the F value), and compare them to those obtained from a well‐known fitting strategy using the Least Square Method (LSM). The importance of the fluorescence background on the lifetime measurement precision is also investigated. We demonstrate here that the LSM does not provide the best estimator of the lifetime parameter for fluorophores exhibiting mono‐exponential intensity decays as soon as fluorescence background is superior to 5%. The polar approach enables indeed to determine more precisely the lifetime values for a limited range corresponding to usually encountered fluorescence lifetime values. These theoretical results are corroborated with Monte Carlo simulations. We finally demonstrate experimentally that the polar approach allows distinguishing in living cells two fluorophores undetectable with usual time‐domain LSM fitting software. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Modeling the Clustering Volatility of India's Wholesale Price Index and the Factors Affecting It

This paper proposes to examine the clustering volatility of Indiai¯s Wholesale Price Index throughout the period 1960 to 2014 by applying the ARCH (1) and GARCH (1) model. The pre-conditional requirement for the computation of ARCH (1, 1) required us to perform several other tests i.e. Dickey Fuller, Ordinary Least Squared Regression and post OLS tests for investigating the ARCH effect in the first difference of WPI. The statistical analysis reveals a p-value of 0.569 for the GARCH mean model which is not significant at ? 0.05 to explain that the previous periodi¯s volatility can influence the WPI. The coefficient of WPI at first difference exhibits a value of less than 1 which is nice in magnitude with a p-value of 0.005 for ARCH at ? 0.05 which is significant to explain the volatility of the WPI. The diagnostic test of autocorrelation in the residuals reveals that the residuals are white noise by exhibiting a corresponding probability value of 0.3757. Since, the overarching objective of this paper is to examine the clustering volatility of the aforementioned variable with regards to the internal shocks, there might have been other factors of external shocks on WPI that have deliberately been overlooked in this paper.