Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Out for a Smoke

Cigarette craving has powerful effects on cognitive functioning, which may promote smoking behavior and relapse. One area of cognition that has had little impact on craving research is human consciousness. Developments in consciousness research using a mindless-reading paradigm permit examination of the effects of craving on both the occurrence and the awareness of mental lapses. Forty-four smokers, who were either nicotine deprived (crave condition) or nondeprived (low-crave condition), performed a mindless-reading task. This task assesses both self-caught and probe-caught mind-wandering episodes to distinguish between lapses that are within and outside of awareness. Compared with the low cravers, those in the cigarette-crave condition were significantly more likely to acknowledge that their mind was wandering when they were probed. When we adjusted for this more-than-threefold increase in zoning out, craving also lowered the probability of catching oneself. Results suggest that craving simultaneously increases mental lapses while reducing the metacognitive capacity to notice them.
New universality for spatially disordered cellular automata and directed percolation.

Etude en D dimensions d'automates cellulaires stochastiques (SCA) a probabilites fixes mais choisies de facon aleatoire (desordre spatial); mise en evidence de la reduction a la percolation orientee (DP) dans l'espace temps (D+1) en l'absence de desordre et de l'incompatibilite des exposants critiques de la DP avec un desordre spatial fini. Calculs Monte Carlo pour SCA sur plusieurs structures desordonnees 1D et 2D donnant de nouveaux exposants universels. Diagramme de phases dans le cas «dilue» avec point multicritique et analogue de la «phase de Griffiths»
Temporal isolation explains host‐related genetic differentiation in a group of widespread mycoparasitic fungi

Understanding the mechanisms responsible for divergence and specialization of pathogens on different hosts is of fundamental importance, especially in the context of the emergence of new diseases via host shifts. Temporal isolation has been reported in a few plants and parasites, but is probably one of the least studied speciation processes. We studied whether temporal isolation could be responsible for the maintenance of genetic differentiation among sympatric populations of Ampelomyces, widespread intracellular mycoparasites of powdery mildew fungi, themselves plant pathogens. The timing of transmission of Ampelomyces depends on the life cycles of the powdery mildew species they parasitize. Internal transcribed spacer sequences and microsatellite markers showed that Ampelomyces populations found in apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) were genetically highly differentiated from other Ampelomyces populations sampled from several other powdery mildew species across Europe, infecting plant hosts other than apple. While P. leucotricha starts its life cycle early in spring, and the main apple powdery mildew epidemics occur before summer, the fungal hosts of the other Ampelomyces cause epidemics mainly in summer and autumn. When two powdery mildew species were experimentally exposed to Ampelomyces strains naturally occurring in P. leucotricha in spring, and to strains naturally present in other mycohost species in autumn, cross‐infections always occurred. Thus, the host‐related genetic differentiation in Ampelomyces cannot be explained by narrow physiological specialization, because Ampelomyces were able to infect powdery mildew species they were unlikely to have encountered in nature, but instead appears to result from temporal isolation.
Differences in metabolism of fiber tract alterations in gliomas: a combined fiber density mapping and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study.

BACKGROUND Gliomas propagate diffusely throughout and along white matter structures. Glioma-related changes in structural integrity and metabolism are not detectable by standard magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in the metabolism of fiber tract alterations between gliomas grade II to IV by correlation of fiber density values with metabolite concentrations measured by fiber density mapping and MR spectroscopic imaging. METHODS Fiber density mapping and MR spectroscopic imaging were performed in 48 patients with gliomas WHO grade II to IV. Fiber density mapping data were used to define fiber tracts in tumoral and peritumoral areas. Structural integrity of fiber tracts was assessed as fiber density ipsilateral-to-contralateral ratio (FD ICR). Metabolite concentrations for choline-containing compounds and N-acetyl-aspartate were computed and correlated to FD ICR values after coregistration with anatomic MR imaging. RESULTS In tumoral areas, choline-containing compound concentrations of altered fiber tracts were significantly different between low- and high-grade glioma and showed different courses for the correlations of FD ICR and choline-containing czeompounds. In high-grade glioma, increasing fiber destruction was associated with a massive progression in cell membrane proliferation. Peritumoral fiber structures showed significantly decreased N-acetyl-aspartate concentrations for all patients, but only patients with glioblastoma multiforme had significantly decreased fiber density compared with the contralateral side. Glioma grades II and III had significantly higher peritumoral FD ICR than glioblastoma multiforme. CONCLUSION A multiparametric MR imaging strategy providing information about both structural integrity and metabolism of the tumor is required for detailed assessment of glioma-related fiber tract alterations, which in turn is essential for treatment planning.
Development of human protein reference database as an initial platform for approaching systems biology in humans.

Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD) is an object database that integrates a wealth of information relevant to the function of human proteins in health and disease. Data pertaining to thousands of protein-protein interactions, posttranslational modifications, enzyme/substrate relationships, disease associations, tissue expression, and subcellular localization were extracted from the literature for a nonredundant set of 2750 human proteins. Almost all the information was obtained manually by biologists who read and interpreted >300,000 published articles during the annotation process. This database, which has an intuitive query interface allowing easy access to all the features of proteins, was built by using open source technologies and will be freely available at http://www.hprd. org to the academic community. This unified bioinformatics platform will be useful in cataloging and mining the large number of proteomic interactions and alterations that will be discovered in the postgenomic era.
The influence of economic crises on network behavior

Purpose Following industrial network theory, this paper aims to address network behavior from a focal company’s perspective. Special attention is paid to examining the effect of perceptions of the economic crisis on network behavior. Design/methodology/approach The study is built on a quantitative analysis of an empirical database of 300 companies based on a survey completed in 2013 in Hungary. A focal company network behavior model was developed and applied to investigate the link between variables (valuable customer relationships, valuable supplier relationships, relationship strategy and relational outcomes) and the effect of managers’ perceptions about the intensity of the crisis. To obtain a deeper understanding of the effect of the crisis, structural modeling methodology was applied during data analysis. Findings How crises are perceived has a moderating influence on companies’ network behavior. In a context in which a crisis is strongly perceived, valuable customer relationships are considered more important than valuable supplier relationships; relationship strategy becomes more intensive; and performance is increasingly focused on operations and less on innovation. The main difference in network behavior is found with the management of the supply side. A different level of attention is paid to supplier relationships in a high crisis-perception context than when a crisis is perceived as being less critical. Research limitations/implications Results emphasize the importance of perceptions as a key factor in managerial attitudes, behavior and, ultimately, decision-making. This finding merits more attention from both researchers of business relationships and networks. Practical implications From a managerial point of view, the results emphasize the existence of potentially new opportunities in network management. The reinforcement of attention to the customer during a period of crisis implies the importance of the customer orientation, but also suggests that firms may have unexploited opportunities and more potential resources on the supplier side. Originality/value The paper combines an analysis of network behavior and perceptions of crisis, helping to explain managerial decisions and attitudes. Analysis was undertaken from a focal firms’ perspective and differences were investigated in attitudes concerning both supplier- and customer-side relations. How crises are perceived is a moderating variable of network behavior.
Dual Roles of Consumers: Towards an Insight into Collaborative Consumption Motives

This article aims to investigate the consistency of the consumer motivational process in accordance with the acquisition and disposition of tangible goods through collaborative consumption. Three studies, involving a total of 7,715 consumers, show that, when considered separately, acquisition and disposition are governed by relatively similar hierarchies of motivations that can be grouped together into an overarching four-dimensional structure: (1) utilitarian, (2) experiential, (3) protester and (4) spiritual. Hence, consumers driven primarily by one or other of the four motivational categories when acquiring goods will be similarly motivated when disposing of goods Other drivers may nonetheless represent significant secondary motivations.
Factors influencing Latvian small and medium enterprises towards eco-innovation

Although small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of national economies, they face many barriers and constraints towards innovations, particularly eco-innovations. In the European Union (EU) eco-innovations had been recognized as an important contributor for sustainable and green growth. The aim of the study is two-fold: 1) to determine the main barriers of eco-innovations’ development in Latvia; 2) to compare the state of the main identified barriers among the EU countries. The main barriers of eco-innovations are identified via statistical analysis of SMEs managers’ attitudes, using the Eurobarometer survey questionnaire. Performing the statistical analysis two factors are extracted, which account 81.7 % of the common variance, and are indicated as the main barriers for eco-innovation. These factors are financial resources (72.3 % of total variance) and human resources (9.4 % of total variance). Latvia and Lithuania score similarly both factors, but Estonia rates the environment as the most important, leaving human resources on the second position. Using the factors as dimensions all EU countries show differences in the rates between the four clusters.
Entanglement Dynamics of the Bipartite System in Common Reservoir

Within the framework of semi-classical theory of light and matter, we investigate the entanglement dynamics of the bipartite system consisting of two identical and interacting two-level atoms by means of concurrence, which are coupled to the common reservoir and driven by external time-dependent laser field. Numerical results reveal that for these initially entangled states, the bipartite system undergoes entanglement sudden death (ESD) and birth (ESB), and stable entanglement always occur irrespective of dissipation. Besides, the coupling strength of the electric dipole-dipole will have remarkable effects on the entanglement dynamics, like accelerating the ESD and ESB. However, these conclusions are not applicable to other initially entangled states.
Summaries of the Micronutrient Symposium of the 2016 Meeting of the American College of Nutrition

Ahmed El-Sohemy, PhD, George J. Brewer, MD, MACN, and Ananda S. Prasad, MD, PhD, MACN Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sellner Emeritus Professor of Human Genetics and Emeritus Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, Michigan
Epithelial inducible nitric oxide synthase causes bacterial translocation by impairment of enterocytic tight junctions via intracellular signals of Rho-associated kinase and protein kinase C zeta*

Objective:Gut barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation occur in various disorders, including intestinal obstruction. Overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase is implicated in the pathogenesis of bacterial translocation, of which the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Epithelial permeability is regulated by tight junction reorganization and myosin light chain phosphorylation. Our aim was to investigate the roles of Rho-associated kinase and protein kinase C &zgr; in epithelial nitric oxide synthase-mediated barrier damage. Design:Animal study and cell cultures. Setting:Research laboratory. Subjects:BALB/c mice. Interventions:Mouse distal small intestine was obstructed in vivo by a 10-cm loop ligation in which vehicle, L-Nil (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), or Y27632 (a Rho-associated kinase inhibitor) was luminally administered. After obstruction for 24 hrs, intestinal tissues were mounted on Ussing chambers for macromolecular flux. Liver and spleen tissues were assessed for bacterial counts. Caco-2 cells were exposed to 1 mM S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (a nitric oxide donor) for 24 hrs, and transepithelial resistance and permeability were evaluated. Measurements and Main Results:Mice with intestinal obstruction displayed epithelial barrier dysfunctions, such as permeability rise and bacterial translocation, associated with tight junction disruption and myosin light chain phosphorylation. Increased inducible nitric oxide synthase and phosphorylated protein kinase C &zgr; were observed in villus epithelium. Enteric instillation of L-Nil and Y27632 attenuated the functional and structural barrier damage caused by intestinal obstruction. L-Nil decreased intestinal obstruction-induced myosin light chain, myosin phosphatase target subunit 1, and protein kinase C &zgr; phosphorylation, suggesting that inducible nitric oxide synthase is upstream of Rho-associated kinase and protein kinase C &zgr; signaling. The intestinal phosphorylated myosin light chain level did not increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase(−/−) mice following intestinal obstruction. In vitro studies showed that S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine-induced transepithelial resistance drop and permeability rise was independent of cell apoptosis. Y27632 inhibited S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine-induced myosin light chain phosphorylation and permeability rise. S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine also triggered phosphorylation and membrane translocation of protein kinase C &zgr;. Inhibitory protein kinase C &zgr; pseudosubstrate blocked S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine-induced tight junction reorganization, but not myosin light chain phosphorylation. Conclusions:Epithelial inducible nitric oxide synthase activates two distinct signals, protein kinase C &zgr; and Rho-associated kinase, to disrupt tight junctions leading to bacterial influx.
Comparison of group-level, source localized activity for simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy-magnetoencephalography and simultaneous fNIRS-fMRI during parametric median nerve stimulation

Abstract. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique, which uses light to measure changes in cerebral blood oxygenation through sensors placed on the surface of the scalp. We recorded concurrent fNIRS with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in order to investigate the group-level correspondence of these measures with source-localized fNIRS estimates. Healthy participants took part in both a concurrent fNIRS-MEG and fNIRS-fMRI neuroimaging session during two somatosensory stimulation tasks, a blocked design median nerve localizer and parametric pulsed-pair median nerve stimulation using interpulse intervals from 100 to 500 ms. We found the spatial correlation for estimated activation patterns from the somatosensory task was R=0.54, 0.57, and −0.48 and the amplitude correlation was R=0.80, 0.52, and −0.70 for fMRI-MEG, fMRI-fNIRS oxy-hemoglobin, and fMRI-fNIRS deoxy-hemoglobin signals, respectively. Taken together, these results show good correspondence among the fMRI, fNIRS, and MEG with the great majority of the difference across modalities being driven by lower sensitivity for deeper brain sources in MEG and fNIRS. These results provide an important validation of source-localized fNIRS in the context of concurrent multimodal imaging for future studies of the relationship between physiological effects in the human brain.
THE EFFECT OF PERCEIVED EASE OF USE, PERCEIVE OF USEFULNESS, PERCEIVE RISK AND TRUST TOWARDS BEHAVIOR INTENTION IN TRANSACTION BY INTERNET

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence consumer intentions to do transaction in e-commerce, which includes factors of easy to use, effectiveness of risk and trust. It also aims to analyze the potential development of new technology through consumer behavioral intentions to use new information technology by providing information about market demand for the development of information technology to businesses to further strengthen the company’s sales strategy. The research method used multiple regressions to find out about the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable by using hypotheses. The number of samples required for this research is 100 respondents. The result showed that the four variables namely Perceived Ease in Use, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived in Risk, and Trust have significant effect on consumer interest in transacting over the internet. Also Perceive in Risk is a variable that has the most dominant influence on consumer intentions to transact over the Internet
Comprehensive Specification and Efficient Enforcement of Role-based Access Control Policies using a Model-driven Approach

Prohibiting unauthorized access to critical resources and data has become a major requirement for enterprises. Access control (AC) mechanisms manage requests from users to access system resources; the access is granted or denied based on the authorization policies defined within the enterprise. One of the most used AC paradigms is role-based access control (RBAC), in which access rights are determined based on the user’s role. In this dissertation, we focus on the problems of modeling, specifying and enforcing complex RBAC policies, by making the following contributions: 1. the GemRBAC+CTX conceptual model, a UML extension of the RBAC model that includes all the entities required to express the various types of RBAC policies found in the literature, with a specific emphasis on contextual policies. For each type of policy, we provided the corresponding formalization using the Object Constraint Language (OCL) to operationalize the access decision for a user’s request using model-driven technologies. 2. the GemRBAC-DSL language, a domain-specific language for RBAC policies designed on top of the GemRBAC+CTX model. The language is characterized by a syntax close to natural language, which does not require any mathematical background for expressing RBAC policies. The language supports all the authorization policies captured by the GemRBAC+CTX model. 3. MORRO, a model-driven framework for the run-time enforcement of RBAC policies expressed in GemRBAC-DSL, built on top of the GemRBAC+CTX model. MORRO provides policy enforcement for both access and usage control. 4. three tools (an editor for GemRBAC-DSL, a model transformation tool for GemRBAC-DSL, a run-time enforcement framework) have been implemented and released as part of this work. The GemRBAC+CTX model and the GemRBAC-DSL language have been adopted by our industrial partner for the specification of the access control policies of a Web application in the domain of disaster relief intervention. We have extensively evaluated the applicability and the scalability of MORRO on this Web application. The experimental results show that an access decision can be made on average, in less than 107ms and that the time for processing a notification of an AC-related event is less than 512ms. Furthermore, both the access decision time and the execution time for processing a notification of an AC-related event scale—in the majority of the cases—linearly with respect to the parameters characterizing AC configurations; in the remaining cases, the access decision time is constant.
Domain-specific market segmentation using a latent class mixture modelling approach and wine-related lifestyle (WRL) algorithm

Purpose Since the publication of Van Raaij and Verhallen’s seminal work in European Journal of Marketing in 1994, identifying the domain-specific market segmentation approach as one of the most feasible for segmenting markets, there has been surprisingly limited development in this field, with the food domain as the only exception. This study aims to develop a methodological approach using latent class mixture modelling as contribution in the domain-specific market segmentation field. Design/methodology/approach This study captures the AIO lifestyle perspective using a domain-specific 80-item algorithm which has the wine (product) domain as its focus. A sample size of 811 consumers is used from data collected by means of the CATI approach. Findings The authors use four criteria for model selection: comparison of the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) statistic, comparison of classification error, verification of the interpretation of the derived segments and, finally, use of the conditional bootstrap procedure to test whether the selected model provides a significant improvement over the previous model. The five-segment model option yields a minimum BIC, the classification error measure is minimal and is easier to interpret than the other models. Segment descriptions for the five identified lifestyle-based segments are developed. Research limitations/implications Segmentation by traditional k-means clustering has proven to be less useful than the more innovative alternative of mixture regression modelling; therefore, the authors identify segments in the market on the basis of individuals’ domain-specific lifestyle characteristics using a latent class mixture modelling approach. Practical implications Following the attainment of a clear and robust market segmentation structure, the simultaneous analysis of the lifestyles, demographics and behaviours of consumers as nexus of the domain-specific segmentation approach, provides rich and valid information accurately informing the market segment descriptions. Originality/value The authors make a substantive contribution by developing a methodological approach using latent class mixture modelling; the first of its kind in the area of domain-specific segmentation. Next, they use the discriminant and/or predictive validity of the 80-scale items to predict cluster membership using the WRL algorithm. Finally, the authors describe the identified market segments in detail and outline the practical implications.