Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overexpressed ostepontin-c as a potential biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND The metastasis gene osteopontin (OPN) is subject to alternative splicing, which yields three messages, osteopontin-a, osteopontin-b and osteopontin-c. Osteopontin-c is selectively expressed in invasive, but not in noninvasive tumors. In the present study, we examined the expression of OPN-c in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) and assessed its value as a diagnostic biomarker. METHODS OPN-c expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 63 ESCC samples and correlated with clinicopathologic factors. Expression was also examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 120 ESCC patients and 30 healthy subjects. The role of OPN-c mRNA as a tumor marker was investigated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry showed that OPN-c was expressed in 30 of 63 cancer lesions (48%)and significantly associated with pathological T stage (P=0.038) and overall stage (P=0.023). Real time PCR showed that OPN-c mRNA was expressed at higher levels in the PBMCs of ESCC patients than in those of healthy subjects (P<0.0001) with a sensitivity as an ESCC biomarker of 86.7%. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that expression of OPN-c is significantly elevated in ESCCs and this upregulation could be a potential diagnostic marker.
A novel method for detecting HIV‐1 by non‐radioactive in situ hybridization: application of a peptide nucleic acid probe and catalysed signal amplification

A novel in situ hybridization (ISH) method for detecting human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) was developed by applying a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe and a catalysed signal amplification (CSA) method. The PNA probe used in the present study possessed 15 base sequences of the HIV‐1 protease gene, and the 5′ end of the probe was labelled with the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) molecule. The hybridized probe was detected by sequential reactions of the following antibodies and reagents: horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐conjugated anti‐FITC antibody, biotinylated tyramide (first amplification), HRP‐labelled streptavidin, biotinylated tyramide (second amplification), and streptavidin‐conjugated Alexa 488. The signal of Alexa 488 was finally detected by fluorescence microscopy. HIV‐1‐related dotted signals were clearly obtained in HIV‐1 persistently infected cell lines, MOLT4‐IIIB and ACH‐2, and CD4‐positive T lymphocytes from AIDS patients. For light microscopy, HRP‐labelled streptavidin was reacted instead of streptavidin‐conjugated Alexa 488 at the final treatment, followed by diaminobenzidine as chromogen. This method can detect HIV‐1 in either blood smear samples or paraffin‐embedded autopsy tissue and is useful as a sensitive non‐radioactive method for in situ hybridization. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite difference approach to the valuation and prepayment strategy of mortgages

This paper studies the value of mortgage contract by assuming the market interest rate follows the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) model and correspondingly the borrower's optimal strategy to make prepayment. The problem is formulated as a partial differential equation with initial and boundary conditions imposed by the contract conditions. Finite difference approach is applied to solve (1) the optimal prepayment interest rate; (2) the value of the mortgage contract when prepayment is allowed. In addition, numerical solutions are verified with analytical asymptotic results for the small volatility scenario.
OmpC Is the Receptor for Gifsy-1 and Gifsy-2 Bacteriophages of Salmonella

ABSTRACT Mutations in the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ompC gene conferred resistance to Gifsy-1 and Gifsy-2 bacteriophages. Selection for complementing plasmids yielded clones of ompC. Introduction of anompC clone into Escherichia coliconferred the ability to adsorb Gifsy phage. These data show that OmpC is the receptor for Gifsy-1 and Gifsy-2 phages.
Altered sodium currents in auditory neurons of congenitally deaf mice

Sodium currents are essential for action potential generation and propagation in most excitable cells. Appropriate tuning of these currents can be modulated both developmentally and in response to activity. Here we use a mouse model of congenital deafness (dn/dn– asymptomatic deafness associated with hair cell degeneration) to investigate the effect of lack of activity in the expression of Na+ currents in neurons from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB). Patch‐clamp recordings show that at postnatal day (P) 14, both normal and deaf mice display a significant amount of persistent and resurgent Na+ currents. However, the persistent current is greater in deaf mice than in normal mice, and resurgent current kinetics are slower in deaf mice. At P7, resurgent currents are not present in either group. MNTB immunohistochemistry demonstrates that Nav1.1 subunits are expressed postsynaptically in both P14 normal and deaf mice, while postsynaptic Nav1.6 staining was only observed in deaf mice. Labelling of Nav1.6 subunits in different age groups revealed that at younger ages (P7), both normal and deaf mice express this protein. Nav1.6 staining was not observed in MNTB neurons of P28 normal mice, whereas it is maintained in deaf mice cells until much later (P28). At P7, none of the groups displayed resurgent currents (despite the detection of Nav1.6 subunits at this age group); this suggests that factors other than alpha subunits are important for modulating these currents in MNTB cells. Our results emphasize the importance of activity during development in regulating Na+ channels.
Study on machine translation approaches for Indian languages and their challenges

This survey mainly focuses on the developments of machine translation for the Indian languages. The survey throws a light on rule-based approach, empirical based approach and hybrid based approaches for machine translation. Every approach has its own advantages and disadvantages. Machine Translation (MT) is a process which translates from one language to another language. Due to rapid globalisation there is an increased data over the web machine translation plays a very important role to reduce the language barrier between different regions. In a country like India with 22 official languages shows a high attention for the translation. This paper focuses on the different MT systems for Indian languages and also their challenges.
Genetic algorithm and probability based routing protocol for Opportunistic Networks

The random nature of network topology is a major challenge while developing new routing protocol for Opportunistic Networks (OppNets). Additionally, other factors like intermittent connections, limited bandwidth etc. further restrict the performance of existing routing protocols. In this paper, an advanced context aware routing protocol called GAP is proposed. The proposed protocol efficiently combines the benefits of Genetic Algorithm and Probabilistic Routing to route the message from the source to destination. The protocol uses the Genetic algorithm to predict the path a message would take if it is transferred to the neighbouring node. A Fitness function is defined to evaluate the efficiency of this predicted path. The message is transferred to the neighbouring node only if the fitness value of the predicted path is greater than a threshold value, which is calculated by implementing the concepts of probabilistic routing. Simulation results show that the GAP routing protocol outperforms Prophet, Spray and Wait and GAER protocol in terms of message delivery ratio, overhead ratio and average latency.
Blockade of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFβ) signaling inhibits osteoblastic tumorigenesis by a novel human prostate cancer cell line

The skeleton is the most common site of prostate cancer metastasis, which often results in osteoblastic lesions. The role of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFβ) signaling in prostate cancer‐induced osteoblastic metastasis is not clear. We investigated the role of TGFβ signaling in prostate cancer‐induced bone metastasis using a novel human prostate cancer cell line, PacMetUT1.
Development of a novel and cost-effective bi-directional optical triplexer based on polymer PLC platform

For fiber to the home applications (FTTH), a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is a promising light source, because of easy fabrication and low cost. We have successively developed two novel VCSEL bidirectional (BiDi) triplexers with 200 Mbps data rates in small form factor pluggable (SFP) structures. The new optical sub-assembly structures are realized with satisfactory coupling efficiency and total passive alignment processes without any lens system. As a consequence, the VCSEL BiDi triplexers would be expected to be cost-effective optical transceivers for active optical network (AON) FTTH systems.
[Development of an evaluation instrument for subjects related to death].

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop an evaluation instrument integrated and interdisciplinary death education for the human service areas such as nursing, social welfare, and education and to test the reliability and validity of it. METHOD The subjects used to verify the instrument's reliability and validity were 407 students who were enrolled in the departments of nursing, social welfare, and education in universities located in Seoul, Pusan, Daegu, and Daejeon. The data was collected from April to May, 2005, and was analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12. RESULT A factor analysis was conducted. Items with over a . 40 factor loading and over a 1.0 eigen value were selected. Nine identified factors were learning about death, role of professionals, personal attitudes, hospice care, ethics and legal issues, death and dying, spiritual aspect of death, transcultural aspect of death, and multidisciplinary theory of death. The instrument consisted of 44 items and the reliability was a cronbach's of . 953. CONCLUSION Based on the study results, the content scale developed in this study was identified as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity.
Differential activation of Toll-like receptor-mediated apoptosis induced by hypoxia

Ischemia-reperfusion injury induces intense inflammatory response and tissue damages resulting from the capacity of endogenous constituents called damageassociated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by damaged or necrotic cells, to activate signaling pathways mediated by receptors of the innate immune systems. Among them, two members of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) family, TLR2 and TLR4 have been shown to play key roles in the induction of inflammatory response and cell apoptosis in a variety of ischemic tissues. The oxidative stress injury caused by I/R injury has been attributed to the activation of MAP kinase pathways, including those of ERK, JNK and p38. Here, we summarise recent findings concerning the role of the protein phosphatase 5 involved in the selective regulation of TLR2-mediated ERK1/2 signaling and the identification of the key role of the non-phagocytic NADPH oxidase 4 producing reactive oxygen species in the control of TLR4-mediated apoptosis in murine models of renal I/R injury and in post-hypoxic kidney tubule cells. The identification of molecules signaling involved in the ER stress-induced apoptotic signaling cascade may therefore represent potential targets to prevent the induction of apoptosis in hypoxic tissues.
Relation between Delayed Hypersensitivity and Cell-Mediated Immunity 1

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions in the skin are erythematous, indurated reactions reaching maximum intensity 24-72 hours after contact with antigenic material. Contact may be epicutaneous or following intradermal inoculation. The relation between this type of allergic reaction and a more generalized response was first emphasized by Jenner in 1798, who described such a reaction in revaccinated people as a 'reaction of immunity'. Robert Koch described a similar reaction in 1891 in guinea pigs previously infected with the tubercle bacillus. On reinoculation with live bacilli, the second injection set up an inflammatory reaction which was localized and associated with elimination of the infecting organism. The lesion subsequently heals and the animal is left with a scar instead of permanent ulceration. This reaction of the tuberculous animal against reinfection is known as 'Koch's phenomenon'. Since Koch's time there has been considerable controversy as to the relation between delayed hypersensitivity and resistance to infection in a number of chronic bacterial and parasitic infections, and viral infections. There is no doubt that, in many of these infections, a state of delayed hypersensitivity to antigens derived from the infecting organism develops at the same rate as and in parallel with resistance to infection. This point has been emphasized on many occasions by Mackaness and shown experimentally in mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. In clinical medicine, increased resistance to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced by BeG vaccine has regularly been assessed by the use of the tuberculin test. In other chronic infections in which there is a clinical spectrum of disease, such as leprosy, leishmaniasis and fungal diseases, the low-resistance, disseminated form of the infection is associated with an absence of delayed hypersensitivity to antigens derived from the infecting organism, whereas in the high-resistance, localized form of the disease, delayed hypersensitivity to these antigens can be demonstrated with ease. The concept of the hypersensitivity reaction being directly responsible for the elimination of the infecting organism, as put
Dynamic histology of the antral epithelium in the mouse stomach: I. Architecture of antral units.

The architecture of the pure mucous units of the pyloric antrum was investigated in 3- to 4-month-old CD1 mice. Units were serially cut in cross section and stained by a method combining the periodic acid-Schiff sequence, a modified Grimelius's silver nitrate procedure, and Regaud's hematoxylin. A total of 195 units were then reconstructed. Of these, six were cast in polyester resin and 189 were two-dimensionally reproduced on graph paper. The reconstructions showed antral units to be divided among three main classes. The first class, which contained 32% of the units, consisted of fingerlike tubules referred to as "singlets. " Three types of singlets were observed. The first or type A, which represented 76% of the singlets, was divisible into three successive portions: a pit (foveola) opening onto the mucosal surface and lined by mucous cells referred to as pit cells, an isthmus continuous with the pit and containing immature proliferative mucous cells, and a gland forming the blind end of the tubule and lined by mucous cells referred to as gland cells. Type B (14% of singlets) was similar to type A except that its gland was forked. Type C (10% of singlets) differed by the absence of a gland. The units of the second class, which contained 53% of the total number, were joined together along part of their length and were named "multiplets. " Most of them (90%) were organized into clusters of two, and 10% into clusters of three. In the joined portion, the epithelial cells of the adjacent units were in contact through junctional complexes and, therefore, were not separated by basement membranes. Otherwise the units showed the same component parts as in singlets. Also, as in singlets, the majority of the units were type A and a few were type B or C. The units of the third class, or "intermediates," consisted of tubules which exhibited a branching process. This process was of variable length but could include gland, isthmus, and sometimes pit. Thus, the process duplicated a varying proportion of the unit. In conclusion, the pure mucous units of the antrum exhibit various patterns which have been designated singlet, multiplet, or intermediate. It is proposed that these three patterns are related and represent temporal differences in the duplication and production of new units. Based on this assumption, a model has been elaborated to depict the likely sequence in the proliferation of pure mucous units. It is proposed that this proliferation takes place in the antrum of young adult mice.
Exchange Rates and Unobservable Fundamentals: A New Approach to Out-of-Sample Forecasting

Traditional exchange rate models are based on differences in macroeconomic fundamentals. However, despite being well grounded in economic theory they have a rather poor out-of sample forecasting record. This empirical failure may be a result of the overly restrictive choice of macroeconomic fundamentals. We suggest using the empirical sovereign yield spread level and slope as proxies of the market's expectations for current and future fundamentals and find promising results when we investigate the forecasting accuracy of these variables. Using the yield spread level and slope as a set of unobservable fundamentals, our model outperforms traditional exchange rate models for most considered currencies and horizons. It is also superior to a random walk in terms of direction of change forecasts and profitability.
Active video games for youth: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND A population level increase in physical activity (PA) is critical to reduce obesity in youth. Video games are highly popular and active video games (AVGs) have the potential to play a role in promoting youth PA. METHOD Studies on AVG play energy expenditure (EE) and maintenance of play in youth were systematically identified in the published literature and assessed for quality and informational value. RESULTS Nine studies measuring AVG play EE were identified. The meta-analytic estimates of average METs across these studies were 3.1 (95% CI: 2.6, 3.6) to 3.2 (95% CI: 2.7, 3.7). No games elicited an average EE above the 6 MET threshold for vigorous EE. Observed differences between studies were likely due to the different types of games used, rather than age or gender. Four studies related to maintenance of play were identified. Most studies reported AVG use declined over time. Studies were of low-to-medium quality. CONCLUSION AVGs are capable of generating EE in youth to attain PA guidelines. Few studies have assessed sustainability of AVG play, which appears to diminish after a short period of time for most players. Better-quality future research must address how AVG play could be maintained over longer periods of time.
Oxygen- and Glucose-Dependent Regulation of Central Carbon Metabolism in Pichia anomala

ABSTRACT We investigated the regulation of the central aerobic and hypoxic metabolism of the biocontrol and non-Saccharomyces wine yeast Pichia anomala. In aerobic batch culture, P. anomala grows in the respiratory mode with a high biomass yield (0.59 g [dry weight] of cells g of glucose−1) and marginal ethanol, glycerol, acetate, and ethyl acetate production. Oxygen limitation, but not glucose pulse, induced fermentation with substantial ethanol production and 10-fold-increased ethyl acetate production. Despite low or absent ethanol formation, the activities of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase were high during aerobic growth on glucose or succinate. No activation of these enzyme activities was observed after a glucose pulse. However, after the shift to oxygen limitation, both enzymes were activated threefold. Metabolic flux analysis revealed that the tricarboxylic acid pathway operates as a cycle during aerobic batch culture and as a two-branched pathway under oxygen limitation. Glucose catabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway was lower during oxygen limitation than under aerobic growth. Overall, our results demonstrate that P. anomala exhibits a Pasteur effect and not a Crabtree effect, i.e., oxygen availability, but not glucose concentration, is the main stimulus for the regulation of the central carbon metabolism.
Coordinated Post-translational Responses of Aquaporins to Abiotic and Nutritional Stimuli in Arabidopsis Roots*

In plants, aquaporins play a crucial role in regulating root water transport in response to environmental and physiological cues. Controls achieved at the post-translational level are thought to be of critical importance for regulating aquaporin function. To investigate the general molecular mechanisms involved, we performed, using the model species Arabidopsis, a comprehensive proteomic analysis of root aquaporins in a large set of physiological contexts. We identified nine physiological treatments that modulate root hydraulics in time frames of minutes (NO and H2O2 treatments), hours (mannitol and NaCl treatments, exposure to darkness and reversal with sucrose, phosphate supply to phosphate-starved roots), or days (phosphate or nitrogen starvation). All treatments induced inhibition of root water transport except for sucrose supply to dark-grown plants and phosphate resupply to phosphate-starved plants, which had opposing effects. Using a robust label-free quantitative proteomic methodology, we identified 12 of 13 plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) aquaporin isoforms, 4 of the 10 tonoplast intrinsic protein isoforms, and a diversity of post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, methylation, deamidation, and acetylation. A total of 55 aquaporin peptides displayed significant changes after treatments and enabled the identification of specific and as yet unknown patterns of response to stimuli. The data show that the regulation of PIP and tonoplast intrinsic protein abundance was involved in response to a few treatments (i.e. NaCl, NO, and nitrate starvation), whereas changes in the phosphorylation status of PIP aquaporins were positively correlated to changes in root hydraulic conductivity in the whole set of treatments. The identification of in vivo deamidated forms of aquaporins and their stimulus-induced changes in abundance may reflect a new mechanism of aquaporin regulation. The overall work provides deep insights into the in vivo post-translational events triggered by environmental constraints and their possible role in regulating plant water status.
Interactions Between Patients, Providers, and Health Systems and Technical Quality of Care

Prior studies have established disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) in the kind, quantity, and technical quality of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) care and outcomes. In this study we evaluate whether disparities exist in assessments of interactions with health care providers and health plans and whether such interactions affect the technical quality of SLE care.
Potentiation of the antimalarial activity of sulfadiazine by 2,4-diamino-5-aryloxypyrimidines.

1. Twenty-two compounds were tested for their ability to potentiate the antimalarial activity of sulfadiazine against Plasmodium gallinaceum in the chick. 2. Only the two 2 ,4-diamino-5-aryloxypyrimidines were able to potentiate sulfadiazine activity in this infection. One quarter of the minimum effective dose of the diaminopyrimidines plus one-sixteenth of the minimum effective dose of sulfadiazine was the minimum effective regimen when these compounds were administered concurrently. 3. The antimalarial activity of the diaminopyrimidines was partially in hibited by large oral doses of pteroylglutamic acid.