Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association mapping of resistance to Phytophthora sojae in a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm panel from maturity groups IV and V

Phytophthora sojae, an oomycete pathogen of soybean, causes stem and root rot, resulting in annual economic loss up to $2 billion worldwide. Varieties with P. sojae resistance are environmental friendly to effectively reduce disease damages. In order to improve the resistance of P. sojae and broaden the genetic diversity in Southern soybean cultivars and germplasm in the U.S., we established a P. sojae resistance gene pool that has high genetic diversity, and explored genomic regions underlying the host resistance to P. sojae races 1, 3, 7, 17 and 25. A soybean germplasm panel from maturity groups (MGs) IV and V including 189 accessions originated from 10 countries were used in this study. The panel had a high genetic diversity compared to the 6,749 accessions from MGs IV and V in USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection. Based on disease evaluation dataset of these accessions inoculated with P. sojae races 1, 3, 7, 17 and 25, which are publically available, five accessions in this panel were resistant to all races. Genome-wide association analysis identified a total of 32 significant SNPs, which were clustered in resistance-associated genomic regions, among those, ss715619920 was only 3kb away from the gene Glyma.14g087500, a subtilisin protease. Gene expression analysis showed that the gene was down-regulated more than 4 fold (log2 fold > 2.2) in response to P. sojae infection. The identified molecular markers and genomic regions that are associated with the disease resistance in this gene pool will greatly assist the U.S. Southern soybean breeders in developing elite varieties with broad genetic background and P. sojae resistance.
Australian Practice Standards nine years on: Are they useful?

Nine years after their introduction, the Australian Social Work Practice Standards are reviewed against the five purposes of codes of practice proposed by Banks (2006). The review concludes that the Standards contributed to heightened professional identity and accountability by defining the national education curriculum and by providing a mechanism for accountability. Their utility for service users is still to be determined.
Extreme summer heat in Phoenix, Arizona (USA) under global climate change (2041-2070)

Summer extreme heat events in the arid Phoenix, Arizona (USA) metropolitan region for the period 2041-2070 are projected based on the ensemble of ten climate models from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program for the SRES A2 greenhouse gas emissions scenario by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Extreme heat events are identified by measures related to two thresholds of the maximum daily air temperature distribution for the historical reference period 1971-2000. Comparing this reference period to the model ensemble-mean, the frequency of extreme heat events is projected to increase by a factor of six to 1.9 events per summer and the average number of event days per year is projected to increase by a factor of 14. The inter-model range for the average number of EHE days per summer is larger for the projected climate, 10.6 to 42.2 days, than for simulations of the past climate simulations (1.5 to 2.4 days).
Erythropoietin and sildenafil protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury following testicular torsion in adult rats

Testicular torsion/detorsion causes severe tissue damage due to ischemia/reperfusion injury. The present study investigated the protective effect of erythropoietin and sildenafil against ischemia/reperfusion injury following unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion in adult rats. A total of 28 adult male rats were included, and were divided into the following groups: Group A (n=5), sham operated; groups B (n=5), C (n=5), D (n=5) and E (n=8), undergoing right testis torsion and detorsion after 90 min. Group B received no drug treatment. Rats in the groups C and D received low-dose (1,000 IU/kg) or high-dose (3,000 IU/kg) erythropoietin, while those in group E received sildenafil (0.7 mg/kg), through intraperitoneal injection after 60 min of torsion. The right testis was extracted 24 h after detorsion, and the tissue was subjected to histopathological examination and immunohistochemical assessment of cleaved caspase-3 expression. Histological alterations and the quality of spermatogenesis were scored according to the Cosentino and the Johnsen scoring systems, respectively. The results demonstrated normal testicular architecture in group A, while the other groups showed ischemic cellular damages, with the worst scores observed in group B. Groups D and E presented better scores compared with group C. Regarding the quality of spermatogenesis, the best scores were observed in group A, and the worst in group B. Groups C, D and E presented similar results, which were improved in comparison to group B, however, not compared to group A. Furthermore, cleaved caspase-3 levels were lower in groups A, D and E, with equal results observed. Group C had higher levels of cleaved caspase-3 compared with these groups, but lower than group B, which presented the highest cleaved caspase-3 levels. In conclusion, erythropoietin and sildenafil protect testis from ischemia/reperfusion injury by decreasing cellular damage and attenuating apoptosis.
An Empirical Study on Interaction Factors Influencing Bug Reopenings

Bugs can be reopened after they have been closed due to identification of the actual cause, previous incorrect fixing, or better reproducing, etc. Reopened bugs may increase the cost in maintenance, degrade the overall quality of the software product, reduce the trust of users, and bring unnecessary work to the already-busy developers. To minimize the occurrence of bug reopenings, the potential causes and factors should be analyzed. In this paper, we explore 24 interaction factors to study their influence on bug reopenings. The data are extracted from Mylyn logs of four open-source projects. We first verify the negative impacts of bug reopenings. Then, we identify 17 factors that significantly influence the likelihood of bug reopenings using statistic tests. In addition, we build decision trees using interaction factors to predict bug reopenings and achieve good performance.
What Do We Know About Zero-Day Attacks ?

Tudor Dumitras is an Assistant Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Maryland, College Park. His research focuses on Big Data approaches to problems in system security and dependability. In his previous role at Symantec Research Labs he built the Worldwide Intelligence Network Environment (WINE). He has received the 2011 A. G. Jordan Award, from the ECE Department at Carnegie Mellon University, for an out standing Ph.D. thesis and for service to the community; the 2009 John Vlissides Award, from ACM SIGPLAN, for showing significant promise in applied software research; and the Best Paper Award at ASP-DAC ‘03. tudor.dumitras@gmail.com W e conducted a systematic study on data available through Symantec’s Worldwide Intelligence Network Environment to help us to understand the duration and prevalence of zero-day attacks. Based on what we learned, we developed a methodology that automatically identifies zero-day attacks that have affected a large number of real hosts worldwide. Our methodology was not only able to detect already known zero-day attacks but also some that were previously unknown. Moreover, we discovered that the majority of zero-day attacks were able to stay undercover for a surprisingly long time.
Comparing Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Responses in Genetically Engineered Mouse Lung Cancer Models and a Window of Opportunity Trial in Patients with Lung Cancer

Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi; vorinostat) responses were studied in murine and human lung cancer cell lines and genetically engineered mouse lung cancer models. Findings were compared with a window of opportunity trial in aerodigestive tract cancers. In human (HOP62, H522, and H23) and murine transgenic (ED-1, ED-2, LKR-13, and 393P, driven, respectively, by cyclin E, degradation-resistant cyclin E, KRAS, or KRAS/p53) lung cancer cell lines, vorinostat reduced growth, cyclin D1, and cyclin E levels, but induced p27, histone acetylation, and apoptosis. Other biomarkers also changed. Findings from transgenic murine lung cancer models were integrated with those from a window of opportunity trial that measured vorinostat pharmacodynamic responses in pre- versus posttreatment tumor biopsies. Vorinostat repressed cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression in murine transgenic lung cancers and significantly reduced lung cancers in syngeneic mice. Vorinostat also reduced cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression, but increased p27 levels in post- versus pretreatment human lung cancer biopsies. Notably, necrotic and inflammatory responses appeared in posttreatment biopsies. These depended on intratumoral HDACi levels. Therefore, HDACi treatments of murine genetically engineered lung cancer models exert similar responses (growth inhibition and changes in gene expression) as observed in lung cancer cell lines. Moreover, enhanced pharmacodynamic responses occurred in the window of opportunity trial, providing additional markers of response that can be evaluated in subsequent HDACi trials. Thus, combining murine and human HDACi trials is a strategy to translate preclinical HDACi treatment outcomes into the clinic. This study uncovered clinically tractable mechanisms to engage in future HDACi trials. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(8); 1545–55. ©2013 AACR.
c○Copyright by Prasannaa Thati2003 TOWARDS AN ALGEBRAIC FORMULATION OF ACTORS BY

We present a fair asynchronous name-passing calculus for the Actor Model called System A. System A is based on the primitive notion of naming and is equipped with combinators which are standard in process algebra literature, such as parallel composition, restriction, input and output prefixes, and matching. We capture features specific to the Actor Model through a type system which enforces a discipline on the usage of names. We define the semantics of System A using a labeled transition system and by eliminating infinite sequences of transitions that are unfair. We believe an algebraic formulation of actors will lead to many conceptual and practical benefits. Mapping the Actor Model to a framework shared by other highly successful formalisms for concurrency such as the π-calculus and its asynchronous variants, will help us better understand the similarities and differences between the various formalisms, find connections between their theories, and apply concepts and techniques developed for one to the other. We illustrate our calculus through some examples, and identify the current and future research directions.
Documenting Acts of Cruelty: The Practice of Violent Criminals Making Visual Records of Their Crimes

The substantive focus of this article is a small collection of image-based case studies of significant criminal acts of interpersonal cruelty that are now in the public domain. In all instances those engaged in criminal acts of violence record and document aspects of their own behavior. The case studies range from military personnel and terrorists to examples from popular culture. Self-created images have the potential to serve as evidence of criminal behavior. For the viewing public recorded images are attributed with a “commonsense” evidential documentary potential. The article looks at the documentary method and the rationale behind recorded images serving evidential purposes.
NEEM: network-friendly epidemic multicast

Epidemic, or probabilistic, multicast protocols have emerged as a variable mechanism to circumvent the scalability problems of reliable multicast protocols. However, most existing epidemic approaches use connectionless transport protocols to exchange messages and rely on the intrinsic robustness of the epidemic dissemination to mask network omissions. Unfortunately, such an approach is not network-friendly, since the epidemic protocol makes no effort to reduce the load imposed on the network when the system is congested. In this paper, we propose a novel epidemic protocol whose main characteristic is to be network-friendly. This property is achieved by relying on connection-oriented transport connections, such as TCP/IP, to support the communication among peers. Since during congestion messages accumulate in the border of the network, the protocol uses an innovative buffer management scheme, which combines different selection techniques to discard messages upon overflow. This technique improves the quality of the information delivered to the application during periods of network congestion. The protocol has been implemented and the benefits of the approach are illustrated using a combination of experimental and simulation results.
Gaining competitive advantage and business success through strategic HRD: an Indian experience

This article offers a case study of a strategic HRD initiative to enhance organizational performance. Based at a corporation in India, the initiative involved an action research component to understand factors hindering current performance and HRD interventions aligned to business strategy to address the identified factors. The case study illustrates the potentials for taking a strategic approach to improving performance through HRD.
Entropy Indicators for Investigating Early Language Processes

We examine evidence for the hypothesis that language could have passed through a stage when words were combined in structured linear segments and these linear segments could later have become the building blocks for a full hierarchical grammar. Experiments were carried out on the British National Corpus, consisting of about 100 million words of text from different domains and transcribed speech. This work extends and supports the results of our previous work based on a smaller corpus reported previously. Measuring the entropy of the texts we find that entropy declines as words are taken in groups of 2, 3 and 4, indicating that it is easier to decode words taken in short sequences rather than individually. Entropy further declines when punctuation is represented, showing that appropriate segmentation captures some of the language structure. Further support for the hypothesis that local sequential processing underlies the production and perception of speech comes from neurobiological evidence. The observation that homophones are apparently ubiquitous and used without confusion also suggests that language processing may be largely based on local context.
Chaos and Complexity

Chaos and complexity theory, as developed in mathematics and the natural sciences, has led to major new advances in the understanding of natural phenomena that previously were considered too complex or unpatterned to comprehend. These advances have been slow to filter into organization science. A concerted effort to overcome the built-in inertia and insulation of organization science is needed. Such efforts include investment in new learning-by gatekeepers and a strengthening of ties to the natural sciences. If these efforts are not pursued, organization science will remain scientifically backward and largely irrelevant to the real organizational world.
OWLS, LARKS AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MORNINGNESS/EVENINGNESS RHYTHM PROPENSITY IN PSYCHIATRIC-MENTAL HEALTH NURSING

In the last decade there has been an upsurge in the research focusing on the interplay between the human circadian timing system and behavioral patterns in health and illness. Of particular interest in this area of inquiry is the overlay of what has been termed chronotype. What this refers to is the propensity of biological rhythms to express themselves in certain patterns of behavior. Commonly, these patterns have received names such as owl (evening chronotype) or lark (morning chronotype). Many people are neither a strong morning nor evening chronotype. If illness represents a change in the way a person's body functions within a given environment, then it is reasonable to believe that an "owl's" symptom presentation may vary significantly from the patterns of a "lark" who becomes ill. Recognizing that psychiatric nurses at both the generalist and the advanced practice levels have a strong interest in patterns of behavior, it stands to reason that using a lens that incorporates notions of the body's clock becomes essential. The interplay between the body's timing system thousands of other psychobiological rhythmic occurring everyday and within every human being to as chronobiology. This article provides a primer a for psychiatric nurses on issues of chronobiology to morningness and eveningness rhythm propensity.
Active delay variation control for improving fault tolerance in an avionics network

Avionics Full DupleX Switched Ethernet (AFDX) is a promising technique that can replace the existing avionics data buses, such as ARINC429 and MIL-STD-1553B. However, when the time interval between the reception of the original frame and its duplicate copy is too large, the redundancy management strategy may fail in some worst case scenarios. In this paper, an active delay variation control algorithm, AVC, is proposed to improve fault tolerance in an avionics network. Meanwhile, a novel local deadline assignment principle based on traffic load is presented. Compared with traditional mechanisms, AVC significantly decreases the delay difference between two redundant frames and improves the system reliability.
Graph approximations to geodesics on embedded manifolds

0 Introduction In [1] Tenenbaum, de Silva and Langford consider the problem of non-linear dimensionality reduction: discovering intrinsically low-dimensional structures embedded in high-dimensional data sets. They describe an algorithm, called Isomap, and demonstrate its successful application to several real and synthetic data sets. In this paper, we discuss some of the theoretical claims for Isomap made in [1]. In particular, we give a full proof of the asymptotic convergence theorem referred to in that paper. Isomap deals with finite data sets of points in R n which are assumed to lie on a smooth submanifold M d of low dimension d < n. The algorithm attempts to recover M given only the data points. A crucial stage in the algorithm involves estimating the unknown geodesic distance in M between data points in terms of the graph distance with respect to some graph G constructed on the data points. We show that the two distance metrics approximate each other arbitrarily closely, as the density of data points tends to infinity. Main Theorem A * The authors are listed alphabetically.
A tale of two functions: enzymatic activity and translational repression by carboxyltransferase

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase catalyzes the first committed step in fatty acid synthesis. Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA carboxylase is composed of biotin carboxylase, carboxyltransferase and biotin carboxyl carrier protein functions. The accA and accD genes that code for the α- and β-subunits, respectively, are not in an operon, yet yield an α2β2 carboxyltransferase. Here, we report that carboxyltransferase regulates its own translation by binding the mRNA encoding its subunits. This interaction is mediated by a zinc finger on the β-subunit; mutation of the four cysteines to alanine diminished nucleic acid binding and catalytic activity. Carboxyltransferase binds the coding regions of both subunit mRNAs and inhibits translation, an inhibition that is relieved by the substrate acetyl-CoA. mRNA binding reciprocally inhibits catalytic activity. Preferential binding of carboxyltransferase to RNA in situ was shown using fluorescence resonance energy transfer. We propose an unusual regulatory mechanism by which carboxyltransferase acts as a ‘dimmer switch’ to regulate protein production and catalytic activity, while sensing the metabolic state of the cell through acetyl-CoA concentration.
Robust nonrigid registration to capture brain shift from intraoperative MRI

We present a new algorithm to register 3-D preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images to intraoperative MR images of the brain which have undergone brain shift. This algorithm relies on a robust estimation of the deformation from a sparse noisy set of measured displacements. We propose a new framework to compute the displacement field in an iterative process, allowing the solution to gradually move from an approximation formulation (minimizing the sum of a regularization term and a data error term) to an interpolation formulation (least square minimization of the data error term). An outlier rejection step is introduced in this gradual registration process using a weighted least trimmed squares approach, aiming at improving the robustness of the algorithm. We use a patient-specific model discretized with the finite element method in order to ensure a realistic mechanical behavior of the brain tissue. To meet the clinical time constraint, we parallelized the slowest step of the algorithm so that we can perform a full 3-D image registration in 35 s (including the image update time) on a heterogeneous cluster of 15 personal computers. The algorithm has been tested on six cases of brain tumor resection, presenting a brain shift of up to 14 mm. The results show a good ability to recover large displacements, and a limited decrease of accuracy near the tumor resection cavity.
Beta-2 microglobulin is important for disease progression in a murine model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Beta-2 microglobulin (β2m) is an essential component of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins and in the nervous system β2m is predominantly expressed in motor neurons. As β2m can promote nerve regeneration, we investigated its potential role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by investigating its expression level as well as the effect of genetically removing β2m on the disease process in mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1G93A) mice, a model of ALS. We observed a strong upregulation of β2m in motor neurons during the disease process and ubiquitous removal of β2m dramatically shortens the disease duration indicating that β2m plays an essential and positive role during the disease process. We hypothesize that β2m contributes to plasticity that is essential for muscle reinnervation. Absence of this plasticity will lead to faster muscle denervation and counteracting this process could be a relevant therapeutic target.
Compassion Fatigue Risk and Self-Care Practices Among Residential Treatment Center Childcare Workers

SUMMARY Exploration of the presence of risk for compassion fatigue among residential childcare workers (RCW) at residential treatment facilities and the relationship between self-care practices and compassion fatigue were explored. Using the Professional Quality of Life Survey (ProQOL-R III) to assess compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among RCWs workers at two residential facilities for emotionally disturbed children, this study identified demographic and self-care practices that correlate with risk for compassion fatigue. Findings are interpreted and recommendations for RCWs and administrators of residential treatment programs for emotionally disturbed children are presented.