Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Antenna Transmission in Downlink Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Under A Threshold-Based Mobile Association Policy

With the recent emergence of 5G era, heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) have invoked a popular research interest. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis for multi-antenna transmissions in a multi-tier downlink HCN. We first propose a reliability-oriented threshold-based mobile association policy, where each user connects to the strongest base station from which this user can obtain the largest truncated long-term received power. Under our mobile association policy, we derive analytical expressions for the exact outage probability of an arbitrary randomly located user, along with computationally convenient lower and upper bounds. Asymptotic analysis on the outage probability shows that introducing a large access threshold into mobile association significantly decreases the outage probability. We further investigate the spectrum efficiency and the energy efficiency of the HCN. Our theoretic analysis and numerical validations show that both the spectrum and energy efficiencies can be improved by properly choosing the access threshold.
Exploring the Data-Driven Prediction of Prepositions in English

Prepositions in English are a well-known challenge for language learners, and the computational analysis of preposition usage has attracted significant attention. Such research generally starts out by developing models of preposition usage for native English based on a range of features, from shallow surface evidence to deep linguistically-informed properties. While we agree that ultimately a combination of shallow and deep features is needed to balance the preciseness of exemplars with the usefulness of generalizations to avoid data sparsity, in this paper we explore the limits of a purely surface-based prediction of prepositions. Using a web-as-corpus approach, we investigate the classification based solely on the relative number of occurrences for target n-grams varying in preposition usage. We show that such a surface-based approach is competitive with the published state-of-the-art results relying on complex feature sets. Where enough data is available, in a surprising number of cases it thus is possible to obtain sufficient information from the relatively narrow window of context provided by n-grams which are small enough to frequently occur but large enough to contain enough predictive information about preposition usage.
High performance 14nm SOI FinFET CMOS technology with 0.0174µm2 embedded DRAM and 15 levels of Cu metallization

We present a fully integrated 14nm CMOS technology featuring finFET architecture on an SOI substrate for a diverse set of SoC applications including HP server microprocessors and LP ASICs. This SOI finFET architecture is integrated with a 4th generation deep trench embedded DRAM to provide an ultra-dense (0.0174um2) memory solution for industry leading `scale-out' processor design. A broad range of Vts is enabled on chip through a unique dual workfunction process applied to both NFETs and PFETs. This enables simultaneous optimization of both lowVt (HP) and HiVt (LP) devices without reliance on problematic approaches like heavy doping or Lgate modulation to create Vt differentiation. The SOI finFET's excellent subthreshold behavior allows gate length scaling to the sub 20nm regime and superior low Vdd operation. This leads to a substantial (>35%) performance gain for Vdd ~0.8V compared to the HP 22nm planar predecessor technology. At the same time, the exceptional FE/BE reliability enables high Vdd (>1.1V) operation essential to the high single thread performance for processors intended for `scale-up' enterprise systems. A hierarchical BEOL with 15 levels of copper interconnect delivers both high performance wire-ability as well as effective power supply and clock distribution for very large >600mm2 SoCs.
Firefly algorithm assisted multi-user detection for OFDM/SDMA uplink system

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing/space division multiple access (OFDM/SDMA), as a technique proposed for future high data-rate requirements, is capable of achieving higher user capacity. The error free detection of the transmitted data of the users poses many challenging issues. Alternatives are explored for optimum maximum likelihood (ML) aided detection due to its exponential complexity with the number of users and constellation size. Conventional detection techniques using zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) are less complex with much poor performance. The possibility of nature-inspired meta-heuristic algorithms to detect the user data have been of great research interest these days. With these optimisation algorithms, we can obtain almost optimum results with much reduced computational complexity. In this paper, recently developed firefly algorithm (FA) has been utilised to detect the users' transmitted data and the result has been compared with genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) aided data detection.
Modelling Catalyst Surfaces Using DFT Cluster Calculations

We review our recent theoretical DFT cluster studies of a variety of industrially relevant catalysts such as TiO2, γ-Al2O3, V2O5-WO3-TiO2 and Ni/Al2O3. Aspects of the metal oxide surface structure and the stability and structure of metal clusters on the support are discussed as well as the reactivity of surfaces, including their behaviour upon poisoning. It is exemplarily demonstrated how such theoretical considerations can be combined with DRIFT and XPS results from experimental studies.
Geometric Mechanics and Symmetry: From Finite to Infinite Dimensions

,by Darryl D. Holm, Tanya Schmah and Cristina Stoica, Oxford University Press,Oxford, 2009, xi + 515 pp., ISBN: 978-0-19-921290-3The purpose of the book is to provide the unifying viewpoint of Lagrangian andHamiltonian mechanics in the coordinate-free language of differential geometryin the spirit of the Marsden-Ratiu school. The book is similar in content - althoughless formal - to the book by J. Marsden and T. Ratiu [7]. One can also mentionthe companion two-volumes book by Holm [4,5] written at a more basic level,and that one can recommend as an introductory reading. The classical treatises onthe subject are the books by Abraham-Marsden [1], Arnold [2] and Libermann-Marle [6]. Typical applications are N-particle systems, rigid bodies, continua such as u-ids and electromagnetic systems that illustrate the powerfulness of the adoptedpoint of view. The geometrical structure allows the covering of both the nite-dimensional conservative case (rst part of the book) and the innite dimensionalsituation in the second part. The notion of symmetry here is central, as it allowsa reduction of the number of dimensions of the mechanical systems, and furtherexploits the conserved quantities (momentum map) associated to symmetry. Liegroup symmetries, Poisson reduction and momentum maps are rst discussed.The concepts are introduced in a progressive and clear manner in the rst part ofthe book. The second part devoted to innite dimensional systems is motivatedby the identication of Euler’s ideal uid motion with the geodesic o w on thegroup of volume-preserving diffeomorphism. The Euler-PoincarO (EP) variationalprinciple for the Euler uid equations is exposed in the framework of geometricmechanics, in association with Lie-Poisson Hamiltonian structure of Noether’stheorem and momentum maps. Original applications of the Euler-PoincarO equa-tions to solitons, computational anatomy, image matching, or geophysical uiddynamics are given at the end of the second part of the book.Here the rst chapter recapitulates the Newtonian, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian117
Bias in Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Correlation

This study examined bias in the sample correlation coefficient, r, and its correction by unbiased estimators. Computer simulations revealed that the expected value of correlation coefficients in samples from a normal population is slightly less than the population correlation, ρ, and that the bias is almost eliminated by an estimator suggested by R.A. Fisher and is more completely eliminated by a related estimator recommended by Olkin and Pratt. Transformation of initial scores to ranks and calculation of the Spearman rank correlation, rS, produces somewhat greater bias. Type I error probabilities of significance tests of zero correlation based on the Student t statistic and exact tests based on critical values of rS obtained from permutations remain fairly close to the significance level for normal and several non-normal distributions. However, significance tests of non-zero values of correlation based on the r to Z transformation are grossly distorted for distributions that violate bivariate normality. Also, significance tests of non-zero values of rS based on the r to Z transformation are distorted even for normal distributions. This paper examines some unfamiliar properties of the Pearson product-moment correlation that have implications for research in psychology, education, and various social sciences. Some characteristics of the sampling distribution of the correlation coefficient, originally discovered by R.A. Fisher (1915), were largely ignored throughout most of the 20th century, even though correlation is routinely employed in many kinds of research in these disciplines. It is known that the sample correlation coefficient is a biased estimator of the population correlation, but in practice researchers rarely recognize the bias and attempt to correct for it.
Low-dimensional models and performance scaling of a highly deformable fish pectoral fin

The hydrodynamics of a highly deformable fish pectoral fin used by a bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) during steady forward swimming are examined in detail. Low-dimensional models of the fin gait based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) are developed, and these are subjected to analysis using an incompressible Navier–Stokes flow solver. The approach adopted here is primarily motivated by the quest to develop insights into the fin function and associated hydrodynamics, which are specifically useful for the design of a biomimetic, pectoral fin propulsor. The POD analysis shows that the complex kinematics of the pectoral fin can be described by a few (<5) POD modes and that the first three POD modes are highly distinct. The significance of these modes for thrust production is examined by synthesizing a sequence of fin gaits from these modes and simulating the flow associated with these gaits. We also conduct a scale study of the pectoral fin in order to understand the effect of the two key non-dimensional parameters, Reynolds number and Strouhal number, on the propulsive performance. The implications of the POD analysis and performance scaling on the design of a robotic pectoral fin are discussed.
Chronic illness and aggressive behaviour: A population-based study of 4-year-olds

The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that aggressive behaviour is explained by various medical conditions. The current study investigated this hypothesis in a population-based study of families with a 4-year-old child (n = 1915). Maternal reports of child health and development were assessed and a paediatrician examined a subsample (n = 263) with a chronic illness. Twice as many toddlers with a chronic physical disorder displayed aggressive behaviour when compared with toddlers without such disorders. All seven medical diagnostic categories included children with aggressive behaviour, but the highly prevalent condition of asthma contributed to more than a third of the cases with co-occurrence of chronic illness and aggressive behaviour. Neurological, sensory and skin/joint disorders accounted for another third. Subsequent analyses showed that poor language was an additional risk factor while attending day-care centres in groups with 5 – 15 children was a protective factor against aggressive behaviour.
Basic theorems on the backoff process in 802.11

Since its introduction, the performance of IEEE 802.11 has attracted a lot of research attention and the center of the attention has been the throughput. For throughput analysis, in the seminal paper by Kumar et al. [8], they axiomized several remarkable observations based on a fixed point equation (FPE). Above all, one of the key findings of [8] is that the full interference model, also called the single-cell model [8], in 802.11 networks leads to the backoff synchrony property which implies the backoff process can be completely separated and analyzed through the FPE technique. To date, however, only the uniqueness of the fixed point has been proven to hold under some mild assumptions [8, Theorem 5.1], and we still need an answer to the following fundamental question: Q1:“Exactly under which conditions the fixed point equation technique is valid? ” (to be answered in Theorem 1) An intriguing notion, called short-term fairness, has been introduced in some recent works [2,4]. It can be easily seen that this notion pertains to a purely backoff-related argument also owing to the backoff synchrony property in the full interference model [8]. The two papers [2,4] considered the same situation where only two wireless nodes contend for the medium. The former [2] claimed and conjectured through simulations that the summation of the backoff values generated per a packet, denoted by Ω, is uniformly distributed because the initial backoff is uniformly distributed while the latter [4] conjectured based on their experiments that Ω is exponentially distributed in the sense that its coefficient of variation (CV) is one. This left room for misunderstandings about the backoff distribution: Q2:“One of the two works is incorrect? ” (to be answered in Theorem 2) In addition, the two works [2,4] defined P[z|ζ] as the probability that other nodes transmits z packets while a tagged node is transmitting ζ packets and acquired the expression of P[z|ζ] valid only for the two node case. It is natural to ask the following pertinent questions: Q3:“Can we develop an analytical model for short-term fairness? ” (to be answered in Theorem 3) Q4:“When does the short-term fairness undergo a dramatic
Examining the relationship between teacher organizational commitment and school health in Turkish primary schools

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between teachers' perceptions of organizational commitment and school health in Turkish primary schools. The Organizational Commitment Scale and the Organizational Health Inventory were used to gather data from 323 randomly selected teachers employed in 20 primary schools in Ankara. Results indicated that teacher compliance commitment was negatively related to both identification and internalization. Three dimensions of school health, institutional integrity, principal professional leadership, and morale, negatively predicted teacher commitment based on compliance. However, teacher internalization commitment was positively predicted by these 3 health dimensions. Professional leadership was the only school health dimension that was significant in predicting identification commitment. Two other dimensions of school health, academic emphasis and resource support, were not significant predictors of the commitment factors. Results of the study are discussed in relation to developing the organizational health of schools and improving the organizational commitment of teachers.
Homogeneity Analysis of the CM SAF Surface Solar Irradiance Dataset Derived from Geostationary Satellite Observations

A satellite-based climate record of monthly mean surface solar irradiance (SIS) is investigated with regard to possible inhomogeneities in time. The data record is provided by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) for the period of 1983 to 2005, covering a disk area between ±70° in latitude and longitude. The Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT) and two other homogeneity tests are applied with and without the use of reference SIS data (from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) and from the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) ERA -Interim reanalysis. The focus is on the detection of break-like inhomogeneities, which may occur due to satellite or SIS retrieval algorithm changes. In comparison with the few suitable BSRN SIS observation series with limited extension in time (no data before 1992), the CM SAF SIS time series do not show significant inhomogeneities, even though slight discrepancies in the surface measurements appear. The investigation of the full CM SAF SIS domain reveal inhomogeneities related to most of the documented satellite and retrieval changes, but only for relatively small domain fractions (especially in mountainous desert-like areas in Africa). In these regions the retrieval algorithm is not capable of adjusting for the changes of the satellite instruments. For other areas, e.g., Europe, no such breaks in the time series are found. We conclude that the CM SAF SIS data record has to be further assessed and regionally homogenized before climate trend investigations can be conducted.
Czech planning in transition: Assets and deficiencies

Abstract The gap between ‘traditional’ technically‐oriented planning and the challenge of a plural, market‐driven society is analysed. Czech planning is still missing any pronounced doctrine, as a starting point for further discussion on values and objectives. With an almost non‐existent background of theoretical research in the field of planning, spontaneous ‘notions of planning’ are emerging in place of theoretical ‘schools’ of planning. On the basis of analysis of the particular ‘notions’, it is argued that even (perhaps especially) in the transitional society, planning needs a sound theoretical and ethical base as an equal part of the professional background, not only techniques and ‘practical’ abilities.
D-space and Deform Closure Grasps of Deformable Parts

Building on the well-established form closure framework for holding rigid parts, in this paper we propose a new framework for holding deformable parts. We consider the class of deformable parts that can be modeled as linearly elastic polygons with a triangular finite element mesh and given stiffness matrix. We define the D-space (deformation-space) of a part as the C-space of all its mesh nodes. Free space is the intersection of the set of topology-preserving mesh configurations with the complement of the union of all D-obstacles that represent collisions of the part with finger bodies. Consider a given set of finger bodies in frictionless contact with a part. When positive work is needed to release the part, we say that it is in deform closure. We present numerical examples and prove two results: (1) if a contact set holds a rigid part in form closure, it will hold the equivalent deformable part in deform closure and (2) deform closure is frame invariant. We then consider frictionless deform closure grasps with two contact points. We define a measure of grasp quality based on balancing the potential energy needed to release the part against the potential energy that would result in plastic deformation. Given two jaw contacts at the perimeter nodes, we develop numerical algorithms to determine the optimal jaw separation based on this metric. For a part with n mesh nodes and p perimeter nodes, we give an algorithm that computes the optimal separation in time O(n3 p2 +p6 log p) and an approximation algorithm that runs in time O(n3 p2 +(p2/ε)log p).
Olanzapine in the Treatment of Behavioral Problems Associated with Autism: An Open-Label Trial in Kuwait

Objectives: To study the efficacy and safety of olanzapine for the treatment of children with autism associated with disruptive behavior problems. Subjects and Methods: A prospective open-label trial was conducted on 40 male children (mean age 12.2 ± 2.2 years, range 7–17 years) meeting Diagnostic Statistical Manual IV criteria for autism. After a washout period from previous medications (2–14 days), patients received olanzapine (5–10 mg/day) for a 13-week treatment period. The primary efficacy measures were Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) done at baseline and end of treatment. At the beginning and end of treatment, patients underwent laboratory and physical investigations: ECG, chest X-ray, urinalysis, serum chemistry, blood glucose and lipid profile, hematology and hepatitis B serology. Results: Paired comparison of baseline and 13-week endpoint scores showed significant reductions in ABC subscale scores for irritability (p < 0.0001), lethargy (p < 0.0001), stereotyped behavior (p < 0.005), hyperactivity (p < 0.0001) and inappropriate speech (p < 0.005). Of 40 patients, 12 (30%) were considered as ‘improved’ on CGI-S scores compared to baseline, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). No liver enzyme elevation or any other serum biochemical changes resulted from treatment, which was not associated with significant body weight changes or any other treatment-emergent side effects. Conclusions: The study shows that olanzapine treatment can be beneficial in alleviating some behavioral symptoms (irritability, hyperactivity/noncompliance and lethargy/withdrawal) associated with autism. The short period of this trial limits inferences about adverse effects such as body weight increase and tardive dyskinesia. Further long-term placebo-controlled studies of olanzapine are required.
Bayesian Areal Interpolation, Estimation, and Smoothing: An Inferential Approach for Geographic Information Systems

Geographic information systems (GISs) offer a powerful tool to geographers, foresters, statisticians, public health officials, and other users of spatially referenced regional data sets. However, as useful as they are for data display and trend detection, they typically feature little ability for statistical inference, leaving the user in doubt as to the significance of the various patterns and ‘hot spots’ identified. Unfortunately, classical statistical methods are often ill suited for this complex inferential task, dealing as it does with data which are multivariate, multilevel, misaligned, and often nonrandomly missing. In this paper we describe a Bayesian approach to this inference problem which simultaneously allows interpolation of missing values, estimation of the effect of relevant covariates, and spatial smoothing of underlying causal patterns. Implemented via Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) computational methods, the approach automatically produces both point and interval estimates which account for all sources of uncertainty in the data. After describing the approach in the context of a simple, idealized example, we illustrate it with a data set on leukemia rates and potential geographic risk factors in Tompkins County, New York, summarizing our results with numerous maps created by using the popular GIS Arc/INFO.