Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computer-aided detection (CAD) in screening mammography: sensitivity of commercial CAD systems for detecting architectural distortion.

OBJECTIVE Computer-aided detection (CAD) algorithms have successfully revealed breast masses and microcalcifications on screening mammography. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the sensitivity of commercially available CAD systems for revealing architectural distortion, the third most common appearance of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two commercially available CAD systems were used to evaluate screening mammograms obtained in 43 patients with 45 mammographically detected regions of architectural distortion. For each CAD system, we determined the sensitivity for revealing architectural distortion on at least one image of the two-view mammographic examination (case sensitivity) and for each individual mammogram (image sensitivity). Surgical biopsy results were available for each case of architectural distortion. RESULTS Architectural distortion was deemed present and actionable by a panel of expert breast imagers in 80 views of the 45 cases. One CAD system detected distortion in 22 of 45 cases of distortion (case sensitivity, 49%) and in 30 of 80 mammograms (image sensitivity, 38%); it displayed 0.7 false-positive marks per image. Another CAD system identified distortion in 15 of 45 cases (case sensitivity, 33%) and 17 of 80 mammograms (image sensitivity, 21%); it displayed 1.27 false-positive marks per image. Sensitivity for malignancy-caused distortion was similar to or lower than sensitivity for all causes of distortion. CONCLUSION Fewer than one half of the cases of architectural distortion were detected by the two most widely available CAD systems used for interpretations of screening mammograms. Considerable improvement in the sensitivity of CAD systems is needed for detecting this type of lesion. Practicing breast imagers who use CAD systems should remain vigilant for architectural distortion.
Analytics as a service delivery model for the cloud

Business Intelligence (BI) for organisations is becoming a growing need to understand their business insights and trends. Currently organisations are trying to leverage BI to maximum extent; however, there is a big gap in turning BI into outcome. BI suffers from challenges like not being able to effectively deal with large volumes of data, complex data, high velocity of data. BI could leverage big data platforms to do what it didn't do in the past. Cloud computing, on the other hand is a technology paradigm that enables organisations or individuals to share various services in a seamless and cost-effective manner. We define a model which can make BI affordable by enabling Analytics as a Service (AaaS). It is cloud-based analytical model that covers end-to-end capabilities of an analytical solution, from data acquisition to business user visualization, reporting and interaction. AaaS delivers clients with analytics on demand and provides various tools for data analytics and it can be configured by the user to efficiently process and analyse huge quantities of heterogeneous data. The result presented at the end of paper brings out the opportunities to enable big data analytics in cloud environment, which makes BI affordable for all organisations.
In vitro Biological Effects of Sulforaphane (SFN), Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and Curcumin on Breast Cancer Cells: A Systematic Review of the Literature

ABSTRACT Much of the recent research in neoplasia has been focusing on the epigenetics of cancer cells, particularly as regards the search for potential molecular biomarkers that could be used for early diagnosis, effective treatment, and prognosis of several types of cancer. Carcinogenesis often starts with mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and it leads to anomalies in cellular processes as vital as cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Because malignant changes arise as a result of genetic as well as epigenetic mechanisms, one possible means of intervention involves reprogramming gene expression, so as to—at least in part—revert the molecular alterations. DNA methylation and demethylation, acetylation and deacetylation of histones, and microRNAs are a few examples of the epigenetic mechanisms responsible for tumor development and progression. Many biologically active compounds present in food—including sulforaphane, curcumin, and epigallocatechin—have been found to modulate those processes. We here systematically review information on the effects of such bioactive dietary compounds on human breast cancer cell lines, and explore the mechanisms underlying those effects with a view to their potential therapeutic application.
How do consumers search for and process corporate social responsibility information on food companies’ websites?

The importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication for food companies has grown substantially ever since global action plans such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals have begun targeting topics which are highly relevant to food companies. Furthermore, various food scandals have caused consumers to question current food production methods, leading to a search for more information on ethical production methods. However, it is not known how consumers search for and process information on websites as one relevant CSR communication channel. The objective of this study is to develop requirements for consumer-aligned CSR communication on corporate websites. Information search and processing was examined through consumers’ navigation behavior on websites and by conducting think-aloud protocols. The findings of this study suggest companies provide comprehensive information that can easily be filtered. Furthermore, companies should present specific information to credibly distance themselves from greenwashing accusations, e.g. by referring to external evidence.
An Electronic Tongue System Design Using Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistors and Their Interfacing Circuit Techniques

This paper proposes an electronic tongue system design using ion sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs), extended-gate FET (EGFET) and their interfacing circuit techniques. Bridge-type constant voltage, constant current, and temperature compensation circuitries have all been developed for ISFET to sense hydrogen and chloride ions for water quality monitoring applications. This design offers a sensitivity of over 54 mV/pH and an improved temperature coefficient (T.C.) of 0.02 mV/degC; in addition, a sensitivity of 43 mV/pCl can be achieved by using a proposed extended-gate FET with a mixed polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chloride ionophore III (ETH9033) and lipophylic salt on the indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/glass substrate.
Composition of the Lectin Pathway of Complement in Gallus gallus: Absence of Mannan-Binding Lectin-Associated Serine Protease-1 in Birds1

The lectin pathway of complement is activated by multimolecular complexes that recognize and bind to microbial polysaccharides. These complexes comprise a multimeric carbohydrate recognition subunit (either mannan-binding lectin (MBL) or a ficolin), three MBL-associated serine proteases (MASP-1, -2, and -3), and MAp19 (a truncated product of the MASP-2 gene). In this study we report the cloning of chicken MASP-2, MASP-3, and MAp19 and the organization of their genes and those for chicken MBL and a novel ficolin. Mammals usually possess two MBL genes and two or three ficolin genes, but chickens have only one of each, both of which represent the undiversified ancestors of the mammalian genes. The primary structure of chicken MASP-2 is 54% identical with those of the human and mouse MASP-2, and the organization of its gene is the same as in mammals. MASP-3 is even more conserved; chicken MASP-3 shares ∼75% of its residues with human and Xenopus MASP-3. It is more widely expressed than other lectin pathway components, suggesting a possible function of MASP-3 different from those of the other components. In mammals, MASP-1 and MASP-3 are alternatively spliced products of a single structural gene. We demonstrate the absence of MASP-1 in birds, possibly caused by the loss of MASP-1-specific exons during phylogeny. Despite the lack of MASP-1-like enzymatic activity in sera of chicken and other birds, avian lectin pathway complexes efficiently activate C4.
Chromatic Monitoring of Gear Mechanical Degradation Based on Acoustic Emission

This paper presents a methodology for the feature estimation of a new fault indicator focused on detecting gear mechanical degradation under different operating conditions. Preprocessing of acoustic emission signal is performed by applying chromatic transformation to highlight characteristic patterns of the mechanical degradation. In this study, chromaticity based on the computation of the hue, light, and saturation transformation of the main acoustic emission intrinsic mode functions is performed. Then, a topology preservation approach is carried out to describe the chromatic signature of the healthy gear condition. Thus, the detection index can be estimated. It must be noted that the applied chromatic monitoring process only requires the characterization of the healthy gear condition, being applicable to a wide range of operating conditions of the gear. Performance of the proposed system is validated experimentally. According to the obtained results, the proposed methodology is reliable and feasible for monitoring gear mechanical degradation in industrial applications.
Links Between Middle-Childhood Trajectories of Family Dysfunction and Indirect Aggression

Using data from three waves of a large Canadian data set, this research examined the relationship between middle-childhood trajectories of family dysfunction and indirect aggression. The authors applied family systems, developmental psychopathology, and life-course conceptualizations to meet this objective. The data analytic strategy used separate multivariate logits to examine this relationship, with and without the extent to which other possible explanations (acting as control variables) predict belonging to the highest family dysfunction trajectory. These included marital transition, socioeconomic status, family size, and depressive symptoms experienced by the adult most knowledgeable about the child (mostly mothers). The authors also explored possible interactions between indirect aggression and these explanatory variables. Supporting their hypothesis for both boys and girls, prolonged-duration high doses of family dysfunction were associated with the most extreme developmental trajectories of indirect aggression during middle childhood. Results showed gender specificity with respect to the influence of the explanatory variables on family dysfunction. For girls, the link between family dysfunction and indirect aggression persisted above and beyond such contextual influences. For boys, the relationship became unimportant once contextual factors were taken into account.
Lactate improves SAPS 3 prognostication

Lactate concentration is known to be a strong predictor of mortality, but is not included in any of the major intensive care scorings systems such as the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS 3). The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of lactate concentration when combined with SAPS 3.
Sequence Summarization Using Order-constrained Kernelized Feature Subspaces

Representations that can compactly and effectively capture temporal evolution of semantic content are important to machine learning algorithms that operate on multi-variate time-series data. We investigate such representations motivated by the task of human action recognition. Here each data instance is encoded by a multivariate feature (such as via a deep CNN) where action dynamics are characterized by their variations in time. As these features are often non-linear, we propose a novel pooling method, kernelized rank pooling, that represents a given sequence compactly as the pre-image of the parameters of a hyperplane in an RKHS, projections of data onto which captures their temporal order. We develop this idea further and show that such a pooling scheme can be cast as an order-constrained kernelized PCA objective; we then propose to use the parameters of a kernelized low-rank feature subspace as the representation of the sequences. We cast our formulation as an optimization problem on generalized Grassmann manifolds and then solve it efficiently using Riemannian optimization techniques. We present experiments on several action recognition datasets using diverse feature modalities and demonstrate state-of-the-art results.
Social Media Uses and their Perceived Outcome Satisfaction in the pre-Egyptian Revolt Context

Many commentators (i.e., Aouragh & Alexander, 2011; Tufekci & Wilson, 2012; Wilson & Dunn, 2011; Wall & Zahed, 2011) have remarked upon the role played by social media in the mobilisation that preceded the eruption of the massive demonstrations which took place in Egypt in early 2011, one of a number in the region that became known as the Arab Spring. This article was designed to address the question: “how do young Egyptian activists perceive the potential of social media for mobilising collective action? ” The findings outlined in this article make a unique contribution to contemporary debates about social media and the Egyptian mobilisations, since the data was gathered prior to the uprising of 25th January 2011. Consequently, it provides us with a clear understanding of what Egyptian activists actually thought and said about the potential value of social media, both for the organisation and the mobilisation of protests, rather than as retrospective judgments which may be subject to selective interpretations. This article highlights the perception trends of a sample of young Egyptian activists to whom the credit for igniting the two waves of uprisings (25th January 2011 and 30th June 2013) has been widely attributed. Data from questionnaires followed by focus group discussions indicate that young activists use social media as instruments to achieve their goals in order to inform and influence other non-politicised users’ decisions, rather than being directed at achieving individualistic goals. Several limitations were also highlighted; some of which relate to the constituency, while others are mainly related to the media.
Do NSAIDs inhibit growth of precancerous cervical cells in vitro?

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. A promising, novel strategy for cancer treatment is chemoprevention. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have chemopreventive effects on several cancers including those of cervix. There are few clinical trials of the effects of NSAIDs on precancerous cervical lesions but data from in vitro studies are lacking. OBJECTIVE To study growth inhibitory effects of nonselective and selective NSAIDs on immortalized cervical cells in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHOD Cytotoxicity of ibuprofen and celecoxib on immortalized cervical cells was analyzed by Cell Proliferation (MTT) Assay. Propidium Iodide (PI) Assay was used to analyze apoptotic cell death. RESULTS Ibuprofen and celecoxib had significant growth inhibitory effects with IC50 of 3.00 +/- 0.44 mM and 30. 00 +/- 11.00 uM, respectively. Both drugs significantly induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Ibuprofen and celecoxib can inhibit growth and induce apoptotic cell death in immortalized cervical cells. results from the present study highlight the need for further in vivo researches and clinical trials in search of novel strategies for cervical cancer prevention.
Age-Related Variability of Mycophenolate Mofetil Exposure in Stable Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients and Influences of Donor Characteristics

Despite the increasing use of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in pediatric liver transplantation recipients, data on MMF pharmacokinetics in this population are relatively scattered. This pilot study was performed to explore whether recipient age-related factors, in conjunction with donor factors, can explain variability in mycophenolic acid (MPA) exposure. Thirty-four MPA pharmacokinetic profiles were performed in 20 stable pediatric liver transplantation recipients (median age, 12 years; range, 1-18 years; median delay after liver transplant, 88 months; range, 3-179 months). Ten children were converted to MMF; the others received MMF as a primary immunosuppressive regimen. MMF was used in combination with tacrolimus. Plasma MPA concentrations were analyzed samples collected at 0, 1, 3, and 6 hours after MMF administration using the enzyme multiplied immunotechnique immunoassay. The median MMF dose was 431 mg/m2 per day (range, 189-833 mg/m2 per day) leading to a median estimated MPA-AUC0-12h of 27 mg/h/L (range, 17-79 mg/h/L). Dose-normalized MPA-AUCs were characterized by high interpatient variability. Young children receiving a liver from a pediatric donor had lower MPA exposure compared with those receiving liver from an adult donor. No correlation was seen between MPA-C0 and MPA-AUC0-6h in infants, whereas this correlation was significant but moderate in older children. The interpatient variability of MPA exposure observed with this pilot study is an argument for developing therapeutic drug monitoring-based dose adaptation strategies in pediatric liver transplantation recipients. A marked MPA underexposure was observed among young children receiving livers from pediatric donors, indicating that higher doses (mg/m2 of body surface area) might be required to reach the same MPA exposure as in adolescents.
The effects of extended nap periods on cognitive, physiological and subjective responses under simulated night shift conditions

ABSTRACT Extended nap opportunities have been effective in maintaining alertness in the context of extended night shifts (+12 h). However, there is limited evidence of their efficacy during 8-h shifts. Thus, this study explored the effects of extended naps on cognitive, physiological and perceptual responses during four simulated, 8-h night shifts. In a laboratory setting, 32 participants were allocated to one of three conditions. All participants completed four consecutive, 8-h night shifts, with the arrangements differing by condition. The fixed night condition worked from 22h00 to 06h00, while the nap early group worked from 20h00 to 08h00 and napped between 00h00 and 03h20. The nap late group worked from 00h00 to 12h00 and napped between 04h00 and 07h20. Nap length was limited to 3 hours and 20 minutes. Participants performed a simple beading task during each shift, while also completing six to eight test batteries roughly every 2 h. During each shift, six test batteries were completed, in which the following measures were taken. Performance indicators included beading output, eye accommodation time, choice reaction time, visual vigilance, simple reaction time, processing speed and object recognition, working memory, motor response time and tracking performance. Physiological measures included heart rate and tympanic temperature, whereas subjective sleepiness and reported sleep length and quality while outside the laboratory constituted the self reported measures. Both naps reduced subjective sleepiness but did not alter the circadian and homeostatic-related changes in cognitive and physiological measures, relative to the fixed night condition. Additionally, there was evidence of sleep inertia following each nap, which resulted in transient reductions in certain perceptual cognitive performance measures. The present study suggested that there were some benefits associated with including an extended nap during 8-h night shifts. However, the effects of sleep inertia need to be effectively managed to ensure that post-nap alertness and performance is maintained.
Extended meta-model for service-oriented development of embedded real-time systems

The increasing use of software in Embedded Real-Time Systems (ERTS) has allowed the application of software engineering methods and techniques in their development. In this regard, Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) has previously been used to reduce the development complexity of ERTS. However, the concepts of SOC are mostly used at the implementation level without any focus on system design. To fill this gap, the author has previously developed a meta-model for service-oriented development of ERTS. Although the proposed meta-model allows the high-level modeling of ERTS in terms of service-oriented concepts, it covers only the structural requirements. Therefore, the meta-model is further extended in this paper to include the behavior modeling of the system. The effectiveness of the proposed mechanism is demonstrated with the help of Traffic Light Controller and Arbiter case studies. Following the model-based system engineering process, the high-level models can be transformed into the low-level models.
A Survey on Evaluation of the Quality of Software System by Using Fuzzy Logic Approach

- The demand for quality software system is increasing day by day because quality defines the capability of the software systems. Software systems are root of any developing systems. They are always checked on the basis of their quality. The quality characteristics are considered as very important aspects by development of software system. The evaluation of quality also plays important role in this context. Fuzzy logic is the new emerging technology for evaluating the efficiency of various systems. This paper presents various quality models and evaluation of quality models by using fuzzy logic technique. The present study may serve the purpose of reference for investigating evaluation of software quality models with their analytical description
Activation of the glucocorticoid–receptor complex

A crucial step in the interaction of glucocorticoids with target cells is the activation step, which involves a conformational change in the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid–receptor protein complexes and facilitates their binding to the cell nucleus. Activation can be quantified by measuring the ability of glucocorticoid‐receptor complexes to bind to polyanions, such as DNA‐cellulose, and unactivated complexes can be separated from activated complexes by rapid ion exchange chromatography using diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)‐Sephadex or DEAE‐cellulose. Activation occurs in vivo under physiological conditions and the rate of activation of cytoplasmic glucocorticoid–receptor complexes can be enhanced in vitro by physical manipulations (elevated temperature, increased ionic strength, dilution). In vitro studies suggest that activation is a regulated process and a low molecular weight component termed modulator, which has been identified in rat hepatic cytosol, inhibits activation. Additional studies employing phosphatase inhibitors, such as molybdate, and purified calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase suggest that either the receptor protein or a regulatory component is dephosphorylated during activation. Results obtained with specific chemical probes suggest that activation results in the exposure of basic amino acid residues consisting minimally of lysine, arginine, and histidine. Pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate, a specific probe for lysine residues, exerts dual effects on glucocorticoid‐receptor complexes, since it stimulates the rate of activation and also inhibits the binding of previously activated complexes to nuclei or DNA‐cellulose. The ability of 1,10‐phenanthroline, a metal chelator, to inhibit the DNA‐cellulose binding of activated complexes suggests that a metal ion(s) located at or near the DNA binding site may become exposed as a consequence of activation. Collectively, the results of these various experiments suggest that activation is a regulated biochemical phenomenon with physiological significance.