Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A theory of the effects of fibre size in medullated nerve

Our knowledge of the mechanism of nerve action is still insufficient to predict what happens in terms of electrical and chemical structure. If our theoretical knowledge were as weak in every aspect as it is upon the behaviour of the excitable membrane, we should not be able to predict confidently any relation but this-that two nerves which were exactly the same in structure, composition and properties, must behave in exactly the same way. However, both Ringer's fluid and axoplasm appear to be homogeneous conductors, so the current distribution in those regions is exactly defined by electrical theory. If, then, two nerves are not identical but have membranes with the same specific properties, it might still be possible to compare them exactly. For, though the properties of the membrane are unknown, they are the same in the two nerves, and though the distribution of current in Ringer and axoplasm is different it is precisely understood. It turns out that there is only a very narrow range of conditions which will permit this argument being applied. It is when the two fibres are dimensionally similar, which is nearly the same as their being geometrically similar. Now the interesting thing is that the nerve fibres do, in fact, exhibit the structural similarity demanded by the theory, and hence it is worth while to examine how far the variation in properties also accords with theoretical predictions.
Magnetoencephalographic virtual recording: a novel diagnostic tool for concussion.

OBJECT Heightened recognition of the prevalence and significance of head injury in sports and in combat veterans has brought increased attention to the physiological and behavioral consequences of concussion. Current clinical practice is in part dependent on patient self-report as the basis for medical decisions and treatment. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) shows promise in the assessment of the pathophysiological derangements in concussion. The authors have developed a novel MEG-based neuroimaging strategy to provide objective, noninvasive, diagnostic information in neurological disorders. In the current study the authors demonstrate a novel task protocol and then assess MEG virtual recordings obtained during task performance as a diagnostic tool for concussion. METHODS Ten individuals (5 control volunteers and 5 patients with a history of concussion) were enrolled in this pilot study. All participants underwent an MEG evaluation during performance of a language/spatial task. Each individual produced 960 responses to 320 sentence stimuli; 0.3 sec of MEG data from each word presentation and each response were analyzed: the data from each participant were classified using a rule constructed from the data obtained from the other 9 participants. RESULTS Analysis of response times showed significant differences (p < 10(-4)) between concussed and normal groups, demonstrating the sensitivity of the task. The MEG measures enabled the correct classification of 8 of 10 individuals as concussed versus nonconcussed (p = 0.055). Analysis of single-trial data classified 70% of trials correctly (p < 10(-10)). Concussed patients showed increased activation in the occipitoparietal and temporal regions during evaluation. CONCLUSIONS These pilot findings are the first evidence of the utility of MEG virtual recording in diagnosing concussion. With further refinements, MEG virtual recordings may represent a noninvasive test to diagnose concussion and monitor its resolution.
Rab29 activation of the Parkinson's disease‐associated LRRK2 kinase

Parkinson's disease predisposing LRRK2 kinase phosphorylates a group of Rab GTPase proteins including Rab29, within the effector‐binding switch II motif. Previous work indicated that Rab29, located within the PARK16 locus mutated in Parkinson's patients, operates in a common pathway with LRRK2. Here, we show that Rab29 recruits LRRK2 to the trans‐Golgi network and greatly stimulates its kinase activity. Pathogenic LRRK2 R1441G/C and Y1699C mutants that promote GTP binding are more readily recruited to the Golgi and activated by Rab29 than wild‐type LRRK2. We identify conserved residues within the LRRK2 ankyrin domain that are required for Rab29‐mediated Golgi recruitment and kinase activation. Consistent with these findings, knockout of Rab29 in A549 cells reduces endogenous LRRK2‐mediated phosphorylation of Rab10. We show that mutations that prevent LRRK2 from interacting with either Rab29 or GTP strikingly inhibit phosphorylation of a cluster of highly studied biomarker phosphorylation sites (Ser910, Ser935, Ser955 and Ser973). Our data reveal that Rab29 is a master regulator of LRRK2, controlling its activation, localization, and potentially biomarker phosphorylation.
Density Based Metrics for Clustering – A Comprehensive Survey

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received 28 March 2017 Received in revised form 29 March 2017 Accepted 29 March 2017 Available online 31 March 2017 Clustering is one of the main methods of data analysis. Clustering algorithms are effectively used in the area of research. Performance of clustering algorithms highly depends on the dissimilarity measures. Conventional algorithms are not able to detect arbitrary shaped clusters. Density based dissimilarity is more suitable for this purpose. Of late, many density based clustering approaches have come up. This paper reviews some of them so that they can be compared against each other.
Wykorzystanie bibliometrii w polityce naukowej

Artykul ukazuje metody bibliometryczne stosowane obecnie w ocenie polskiej nauki. Wśrod nich najcześciej stosuje sie proste wskaźniki (liczba publikacji, liczba cytowan, Impact factor (IF) czy indeks Hirscha). Przedstawione zostaly tez mozliwości nowych zastosowan bibliometrii nie tylko do obserwowania obecnego stanu nauki, ale tez prognozowania i aktywnego ksztaltowania polityki naukowej.
Analysis of Thermal Behavior of High Frequency Transformers Using Finite Element Method

High frequency transformer is used in many applications among the Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS), high voltage pulse power and etc can be mentioned. Regarding that the core of these transformers is often the ferrite core; their functions partly depend on this core characteristic. One of the characteristics of the ferrite core is thermal behavior that should be paid attention to because it affects the transformer function and causes heat generation. In this paper, a typical high frequency transformer with ferrite core is designed and simulated in ANSYS software. Temperature rise due to winding current (Joule-heat) is considered as heat generation source for thermal behavior analysis of the transformer. In this simulation, the temperature rise and heat distribution are studied and the effects of parameters such as flux density, winding loss value, using a fan to cool the winding and core and thermal conductivity are investigated.
OPHTHALMOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS IN LONG‐TERM TREATMENT WITH TRANEXAMIC ACID

Fourteen patients with hereditary angioneurotic oedema (Quincke' oedema) treated for an average period of 6 years (ranging from 15 months to 8 years) with tranexamic acid were given an ophthalmological examination in order to reveal any possible toxic damages caused by the treatment. As large doses of tranexamic acid given to animals have been shown to result in retinal degeneration, the examination was focused on checking the retinal function. A complete ophthalmic examination revealed no toxic effects in the eyes of any of the patients. No retinal damages were found that could have been caused by the tranexamic acid. The central corneal thickness was normal.
Snapshot of Photovoltaics—March 2017

Renewable energy use, especially from solar photovoltaic electricity generation, is growing at a much faster pace than the rest of the economy world-wide. The significant cost reduction of solar PV over the last decade and the zero-fuel cost volatility have increased solar PV’s attractiveness. In 2016, the newly installed solar PV power of about 75 GW was more than all the world-wide installed capacity until the end of 2011. The fact that the Paris Agreement went into force on 4 November 2016 will be another accelerating factor for the use of electricity from renewable energy sources. Apart from the electricity sector, renewable energy sources for the generation of heat and environmental friendly synthetic-fuels for the transport sector will become more and more important in the future.
Ustilago maydis Mating Hyphae Orient Their Growth toward Pheromone Sources

Snetselaar, K. M. , Bolker, M. , and Kahmann, R. 1996. Ustilago maydis mating hyphae orient their growth toward pheromone sources. Fungal Genetics and Biology 20, 299-312. When small drops of Ustilago maydis sporidia were placed 100-200 μm apart on agar surfaces and covered with paraffin oil, sporidia from one drop formed thin hyphae that grew in a zig-zag fashion toward the other drop if it contained sporidia making the appropriate pheromone. For example, a2b2 mating hyphae grew toward a1b1 and a1b2 mating hyphae, and the filaments eventually fused tip to tip. Time-lapse photography indicated that the mating hyphae can rapidly change orientation in response to nearby compatible sporidia. When exposed to pheromone produced by cells in an adjacent drop, haploid sporidia with the a2 allele began elongating before sporidia with the a1 allele. Sporidia without functional pheromone genes responded to pheromone although they did not induce a response, and sporidia without pheromone receptors induced formation of mating hyphae although they did not form mating hyphae. Diploid sporidia heterozygous at b but not at a formed straight, rigid, aerial filaments when exposed to pheromone produced by the appropriate haploid sporidia. Again, the a2a2b1b2 strain formed filaments more quickly than the a1a1b1b2 strain. Taken together, these results suggest that the a2 pheromone diffuses less readily or is degraded more quickly than the a1 pheromone.
Contribution of sodium channel neuronal isoform Nav1.1 to late sodium current in ventricular myocytes from failing hearts.

Late Na+ current (INaL) contributes to action potential (AP) duration and Ca2+ handling in cardiac cells. Augmented INaL was implicated in delayed repolarization and impaired Ca2+ handling in heart failure (HF). We tested if Na+ channel (Nav) neuronal isoforms contribute to INaL and Ca2+ cycling defects in HF in 17 dogs in which HF was achieved via sequential coronary artery embolizations. Six normal dogs served as control. Transient Na+ current (INaT) and INaL in left ventricular cardiomyocytes (VCMs) were recorded by patch clamp while Ca2+ dynamics was monitored using Fluo-4. Virally delivered short interfering RNA (siRNA) ensured Nav1.1 and Nav1.5 post-transcriptional silencing. The expression of six Navs was observed in failing VCMs as follows: Nav1.5 (57.3%) > Nav1.2 (15.3%) > Nav1.1 (11.6%) > Nav2.1 (10.7%) > Nav1.3 (4.6%) > Nav1.6 (0.5%). Failing VCMs showed up-regulation of Nav1.1 expression, but reduction of Nav1.6 mRNA. A similar Nav expression pattern was found in samples from human hearts with ischaemic HF. VCMs with silenced Nav1.5 exhibited residual INaT and INaL (∼30% of control) with rightwardly shifted steady-state activation and inactivation. These currents were tetrodotoxin sensitive but resistant to MTSEA, a specific Nav1.5 blocker. The amplitude of the tetrodotoxin-sensitive INaL was 0.1709 ± 0.0299 pA pF-1 (n = 7 cells) and the decay time constant was τ = 790 ± 76 ms (n = 5). This INaL component was lacking in VCMs with a silenced Nav1.1 gene, indicating that, among neuronal isoforms, Nav1.1 provides the largest contribution to INaL. At -10 mV this contribution is ∼60% of total INaL. Our further experimental and in silico examinations showed that this new Nav1.1 INaL component contributes to Ca2+ accumulation in failing VCMs and modulates AP shape and duration. In conclusion, we have discovered an Nav1.1-originated INaL component in dog heart ventricular cells. This component is physiologically relevant to controlling AP shape and duration, as well as to cell Ca2+ dynamics.
CD134 Costimulation Couples the CD137 Pathway to Induce Production of Supereffector CD8 T Cells That Become IL-7 Dependent1

The TNFR superfamily members 4-1BB (CD137) and OX40 (CD134) are costimulatory molecules that potently boost CD8 and CD4 T cell responses. Concomitant therapeutic administration of agonist anti-CD137 and -CD134 mAbs mediates rejection of established tumors and fosters powerful CD8 T cell responses. To reveal the mechanism, the role of CD137 expression by specific CD8 T cells was determined to be essential for optimal clonal expansion and accumulation of effector cells. Nonetheless, dual costimulation induced production of supereffector CD8 T cells when either the specific T cells or the host alone bore CD137. Perhaps surprisingly, the total absence of CD137 prevented anti-CD134 augmentation of supereffector differentiation demonstrating an unappreciated link between these related pathways. Ultimately, it was reasoned that these powerful dual costimulatory responses involved common γ family members, and we show substantial increases of CD25 and IL-7Rα-chain expression by the specific CD8 T cells. To investigate this further, it was shown that IL-7 mediated T cell accumulation, but importantly, a gradual and preferential effect of survival was directed toward supereffector CD8 T cells. In fact, a clear enhancement of effector differentiation was demonstrated to be proportional to the increasing amount of IL-7Rα expression by the specific CD8 T cells. Therefore, dual costimulation through CD137 and CD134 drives production and survival of supereffector CD8 T cells through a distinct IL-7-dependent pathway.
Development of a Multiplex PCR Technique for Detection and Epidemiological Typing of Salmonella in Human Clinical Samples

ABSTRACT We have developed a multiplex PCR assay for Salmonella detection and epidemiological typing. Six sets of primers were designed to detect the major Salmonella serotypes and phage types in Spain. An internal amplification control was designed in order to detect PCR inhibition. The different amplification profiles obtained allowed us to detect Salmonella bacteria and to distinguish the clinically prevalent Salmonella enterica serotypes Enteritidis, Typhimurium and subspecies I serotype 4,5,12:i:−. Using this method, we could detect a specific band for DT104 and U302 phage types in Salmonella serotype Typhimurium. Salmonella enterica serotype Hadar and other C2 serogroup strains showed two specific band profiles. In the validation stage, the assay was reproducible for all serotypes studied, apart from some C2 serogroup strains. When the technique was applied to clinical stool specimens, the prevalent serotypes Enteritidis and Typhimurium were detected with a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 100%, and efficiency of 98%. Also, a low PCR inhibition rate (8%) was obtained. The overall agreement of the multiplex PCR with conventional culture-based techniques was 95% for Salmonella typing using Cohen's kappa index.
Design and characterization of an ocular topical liposomal preparation to replenish the lipids of the tear film.

PURPOSE Dry eye (DE) includes a group of diseases related to tear film disorders. Current trends for DE therapy focus on providing lipid components to replace the damaged lipid layer. Formulations that contain aqueous and mucin-like compounds may have additional therapeutic benefits for DE patients. The aim of this work was to design and evaluate novel formulations having the potential to become topical treatment for DE. METHODS Unpreserved liposomal formulations composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol, and α-tocopherol (vit E) were prepared by the thin-film hydration technique. Formulations were characterized in terms of liposome size, pH, surface tension, osmolarity, and viscosity. In vitro tolerance assays were performed on macrophage, human corneal, and conjunctival cell lines at short- and long-term exposures. In vivo ocular tolerance was studied after instillation of the formulation. RESULTS The mean liposome size was less than 1 μm and surface tension < 30 mN/m for all formulations. The final liposomal formulation (PC-cholesterol-vit E in a ratio of 8:1:0.8) had physiological values of pH (6.45 ± 0.09), osmolarity (289.43 ± 3.28 mOsm), and viscosity (1.82 ± 0.02 mPa · s). Cell viability was greater than 80% in the corneal and conjunctival cells. This formulation was well tolerated by experimental animals. CONCLUSIONS The unpreserved liposomal formulation has suitable properties to be administered by a topical ophthalmic route. The liposome-based artificial tear had good in vitro and in vivo tolerance responses. This formulation, composed of a combination of liposomes and bioadhesive polymers, may be used successfully as a tear film substitute in DE therapy.
EFFECTS OF TEACHING RESOURCEFULNESS AND ACCEPTANCE ON AFFECT, BEHAVIOR, AND COGNITION OF CHRONICALLY ILL ELDERS

This clinical trial examined changes in affect, behavior, and cognition in 176 chronically ill elders who were randomly assigned to Resourcefulness Training (RT), Acceptance Training (AT), or Diversional Activities (DA). The RT group improved on affect (t(1,42) = 4.91; p < . 001) and cognition (t(1,42) = 2.03; p < . 05) and these effects lasted 12 weeks. The AT group improved on affect (t(1,36) = 3.08; p < . 01), but this improvement did not persist. The RT and AT groups both showed positive behavior changes after six weeks. There were no changes in the DA group. The findings suggest that teaching elders resourcefulness and acceptance of chronic conditions may promote healthy functioning and improve their quality of life.
Applying cross-entropy difference for selecting parallel training data from publicly available sources for conversational machine translation

Cross Entropy Difference (CED) has proven to be a very effective method for selecting domain-specific data from large corpora of out-of-domain or general domain content. It is used in a number of different scenarios, and is particularly popular in bake-off competitions in which participants have a limited set of resources to draw from, and need to sub-sample the data in such a way as to ensure better results on domainspecific test sets. The underlying algorithm is handy since one can provide a set of in-domain data and, using a language model (LM) trained on this in-domain data, along with one trained on out-of-domain or general domain content, use it to “identify more of the same. ” Although CED was designed to select domain-specific data, in this work we are generous regarding the notion of “domain”. Instead of looking for data of a particular domain, we seek to identify data of a particular style, specifically, data that is conversational. Our interest is to train conversational Machine Translation (MT) systems, and boost the available data using CED against large, publicly available general domain corpora. Experimental results on conversational test sets show that CED can greatly benefit machine translation system quality in conversational scenarios, and can be used to significantly increase the amount of parallel conversational data available.
A circular waveguide antenna using high-impedance ground plane

A high-impedance ground plane (HIGP) is used for a circular waveguide antenna. The benefits of using such a HIGP are related to the suppression of surface waves excited by the circular waveguide mouth, because the HIGP has a very obvious surface wave bandgap. Suppression or reduction of surface waves is expected to improve antenna efficiency and to bring a reduction of sidelobe level due to diffraction of the surface waves. In agreement with the expected result, the measured radiation patterns show that a 2 dB addition in the antenna gain and a 10 dB reduction in the back lobes, if the circular waveguide antenna working frequency is in the HIGP surface wave bandgap.
Insilico Docking Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Bisphosphonate with Human Fernasyl Pyrophosphate Synthase

Bisphosphonates are currently the most important class of antiresorptive agents used in the treatment of metabolic bone diseases, including tumor-associated osteolysis and hypercalcemia. These compounds have high affinity for calcium ions and therefore target bone mineral, where they are internalized by bone-resorbing osteoclasts and inhibit osteoclast function. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs) are currently used as clinical inhibitors of boneresorption diseases. It target osteoclast farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) and inhibit protein prenylation. FPPS, a key branchpoint of the mevalonate pathway, catalyzes the successive condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate with dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and geranyl pyrophosphate. In this study the docking accuracy and scoring reliability for the docking of nitrogen containing bisphosphonate with human FPPS using Auto Dock 4.0 has been presented the most potent drug for the treatment of osteoporosis.
GPU memory leveraged for accelerated training using Tensorflow

Machine learning has been a detection technique used by many security vendors for some time now. With the enhancement brought by GPUs, many security products can now use different deep learning methods and forms of neural networks for malware classification. However, these new methods, as powerful as they are, are also limited by the amount of memory a GPU has or by the constant need of transferring data from CPU to GPU. As training for models used in security industry requires very large databases, consisting of millions of malicious and benign samples, security vendors had to look for ways to overcome memory constraints. This paper addresses this problem and presents some approaches that can be used when dealing with deep learning algorithms in conjunction with large databases, approaches that are adapted to different known machine learning frameworks like Theano or Tensorflow. The results obtained show that training time can be reduced by a factor of 30 if memory is used efficiently.