Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capacitative Ca 2 1 Entry Is Closely Linked to the Filling State of Internal Ca 2 1 Stores : A Study Using Simultaneous Measurements of I CRAC and Intraluminal [ Ca 2 1 ]

I CRAC (the best characterized Ca 2 1 current activated by store depletion) was monitored concurrently for the first time with [Ca 2 1 ] changes in internal stores. To establish the quantitative and kinetic relationship between these two parameters, we have developed a novel means to clamp [Ca 2 1 ] within stores of intact cells at any level. The advantage of this approach, which is based on the membrane-permeant low-affinity Ca 2 1 chelator N,N,N 9 ,N 9 -tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl)ethylene diamine (TPEN), is that [Ca 2 1 ] within the ER can be lowered and restored to its original level within 10–15 s without modifications of Ca 2 1 pumps or release channels. Using these new tools, we demonstrate here that Ca 2 1 release–activated Ca 2 1 current (I CRAC ) is activated ( a ) solely by reduction of free [Ca 2 1 ] within the ER and ( b ) by any measurable decrease in [Ca 2 1 ] ER . We also demonstrate that the intrinsic kinetics of inactivation are relatively slow and possibly dependent on soluble factors that are lost during the whole-cell re-
Effect of solvents extraction on total phenolics and antioxidant activity of extracts from flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.).

BACKGROUND Plant origin food ingredients are the main source of very potent antioxidants. Tocopherols, the main oilseeds natural antioxidants are very potent and when implemented into cell membranes are able to scavenge large number of free radicals. Among plant antioxidants are mainly phenolics, large and diversified group of chemical compounds with different radical scavenging potential. MATERIAL AND METHODS Defatted flaxseed meals were extracted with pure alcohols and its mixture with water. Acquired extracts were analysed for the content of phenolics and flavonoids using colorimetric procedures. Antioxidative capacity was assessed by utilizing: DPPH stable free radicals; inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation and reducing power of components. RESULTS Investigation was conducted on two different batches of flaxseed, assessing antioxidant capacity of compounds extracted with different polarity solvents and extracts were tested for antioxidant activity with different methods. The highest yield of extraction was achieved with 80% methanol but the extract did not contain the highest amount of phenolics and flavonoids. When 80% ethanol was used for extraction the highest amount of flavonoids was detected and also the best antioxidant capacity. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly showed that utilization of polar solvent enable extraction of significant amounts of phenolics and flavonoids. Those components were the most potent antioxidants present in those extracts. Content of these compounds correlated well with results from applied methods for antioxidant assessment.
Localization in Zigbee-based Sensor Networks

Localization in wireless sensor networks gets more and more important, because many applications need to locate the source of incoming measurements as precise as possible. Weighted Centroid Localization (WCL) provides a fast and easy algorithm to locate devices in wireless sensor networks. The algorithm is derived from a centroid determination which calculates the position of devices by averaging the coordinates of known reference points. To improve the calculated position in real implementations, WCL uses weights to attract the estimated position to close reference points provided that coarse distances are available. Due to the fact that Zigbee provides the Link Quality Indication (LQI) as a quality indicator of a received packet, it can also be used to estimate a distance from a node to reference points.
Recolonization and radiation in Larix (Pinaceae): evidence from nuclear ribosomal DNA paralogues

Gene paralogy frequently causes the conflict between gene tree and species tree, but sometimes the coexistence of a few paralogous copies could provide more markers for tracing the phylogeographical process of some organisms. In the present study, nrDNA ITS paralogues were cloned from all but one species of Larix, an Eocene genus having two sections, Larix and Multiserialis, with a huge circumboreal distribution and an Eastern Asia–Western North America disjunction, respectively. A total of 96 distinct clones, excluding five putative pseudogenes or recombinants, were obtained and used in the gene genealogy analysis. The clones from all Eurasian species of section Larix are mixed together, suggesting that recolonization and recent morphological differentiation could have played important roles in the evolution of this section. In contrast, the species diversification of the Eurasian section Multiserialis may result from radiation in the east Himalayas and its vicinity, considering extensive nrDNA founder effects in this group. Our study also suggests that the distribution pattern analysis of members of multiple gene family would be very useful in tracking the evolutionary history of some taxa with recent origin or rapid radiation that cannot be resolved by other molecular markers.
Addressing knowledge deficits in tutoring and the role of teaching experience: Benefits for learning and summative assessment

In the course of tutoring, tutors have the opportunity to formatively assess a tutee’s understanding. The information gathered by engaging in formative assessment can be used by tutors not only to adapt instruction in order to enhance learning but also to form a summative judgment in order to document a tutee’s learning after tutoring. We report about an empirical study with 46 tutor–tutee dyads that examined a tutor’s formative assessment in response to a tutee’s knowledge deficits. The results showed that formative assessment during tutoring supported learning and improved the accuracy with which tutors summatively assessed a tutee’s understanding after tutoring. At the same time, formative assessment was more pronounced in response to knowledge deficits that resulted from a tutor’s deliberate elicitation of a tutee’s understanding than in response to knowledge deficits that tutees spontaneously expressed on their own initiative. In addition, tutors with teaching experience not only caused tutees to express more knowledge deficits but also more often engaged in formative assessment in response to knowledge deficits than did tutors without teaching experience. This difference also explained why tutors with teaching experience were more accurate than tutors without teaching experience in summatively assessing a tutee’s understanding after tutoring. Our findings suggest that the learning potential of knowledge deficits that tutees express largely depends on a tutor’s formative assessment. In addition, when tutors engage in formative assessment they are able to form a more accurate picture of what a tutee has learned after tutoring.
High genetic load in an old isolated butterfly population

We investigated inbreeding depression and genetic load in a small (Ne ∼ 100) population of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia), which has been completely isolated on a small island [Pikku Tytärsaari (PT)] in the Baltic Sea for at least 75 y. As a reference, we studied conspecific populations from the well-studied metapopulation in the Åland Islands (ÅL), 400 km away. A large population in Saaremaa, Estonia, was used as a reference for estimating genetic diversity and Ne. We investigated 58 traits related to behavior, development, morphology, reproductive performance, and metabolism. The PT population exhibited high genetic load (L = 1 − WPT/WÅL) in a range of fitness-related traits including adult weight (L = 0.12), flight metabolic rate (L = 0.53), egg viability (L = 0.37), and lifetime production of eggs in an outdoor population cage (L = 0.70). These results imply extensive fixation of deleterious recessive mutations, supported by greatly reduced diversity in microsatellite markers and immediate recovery (heterosis) of egg viability and flight metabolic rate in crosses with other populations. There was no significant inbreeding depression in most traits due to one generation of full-sib mating. Resting metabolic rate was significantly elevated in PT males, which may be related to their short lifespan (L = 0.25). The demographic history and the effective size of the PT population place it in the part of the parameter space in which models predict mutation accumulation. This population exemplifies the increasingly common situation in fragmented landscapes, in which small and completely isolated populations are vulnerable to extinction due to high genetic load.
Theorizing "Lay Theories of Media": A Case Study of the Dissent! Network at the 2005 Gleneagles G8 Summit

Drawing on “active audience studies” and recent theories of mediation, the concept of “lay theories of media” is proposed as a means to understand how social movement actors think about and interact with news media as part of the “practice” of activism. The argument is made via a case study of the Dissent! network using data gathered from participant observation in the planning and enactment of protests at the 2005 Gleneagles G8 Summit in Scotland and 30 semi-structured interviews with activists. This article argues that Dissent! activists approached Gleneagles with existing knowledge and experience about news media and demonstrates how these “lay theories” informed their activism. The conclusion stresses the utility of “lay theories” in analyzing how perceived knowledge about how the media function influences or underwrites political activism.
Power and delay estimation for dynamic OR gates with header and footer transistor based on wavelet neural networks

A system for estimating the leakage power, the active power and the delay of the domino OR gates with the sleep transistor based on wavelet neural networks in 45 nm technology is proposed. By studying the impact of the power gating technique (PGT) on the power and delay characteristics, the proposed model could estimate the nonlinear changing of the active power, the leakage power and the delay of the different inputs dynamic OR gates with fast speed convergence and high precision. The trend of the estimating curve is discussed. At last, the comparison between the footer and the header sleep transistor technique is given.
Interleukin 27 as a Sepsis Diagnostic Biomarker in Critically Ill Adults

ABSTRACT Purpose: We previously identified interleukin 27 (IL-27) as a sepsis diagnostic biomarker in critically ill children. The current study tested the performance of IL-27 alone and in combination with procalcitonin (PCT) for diagnosing sepsis in critically ill adults. Methods: Serum samples were made available from a prior prospective study of sepsis biomarkers in critically ill adults. The primary analysis used receiver operating characteristic curves to evaluate the performance of IL-27 and PCT. Secondary analysis explored IL-27 performance in subgroups of patients with sepsis secondary to lung and nonlung sources of infection. The net reclassification improvement was used to estimate the incremental predictive ability of IL-27 compared with PCT alone. Classification and regression tree analysis was used to generate an IL-27- and PCT-based decision tree. Results: There were 145 patients with sepsis and 125 without sepsis. The receiver operating characteristic curve for IL-27 was inferior (area under the curve [AUC], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62–0.75) to that of PCT (AUC, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79–0.89). Similar findings were observed when comparing patients with a lung source of infection and those without sepsis. For sepsis patients with a nonlung source of infection, adding IL-27 to PCT improved discrimination (net reclassification improvement = 0.685; P < 0.001). The AUC for the classification and regression tree–derived decision tree was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.88–0.96) and was significantly greater than that of PCT alone. Conclusions: When used in combination with PCT, IL-27 may improve classification of critically ill adults with sepsis secondary to a nonlung source of infection.
A Non-linear Mapping Technique for Bare-hand Interaction in Large Virtual Environments

Computer vision-based bare-hand tracking systems have become popular as they free the users from wearing any hardware devices (e.g. gloves). However, due to the limitations in tracking methods and human body constraints, interaction methods developed for other 3D interaction devices can have problems when applied to computer vision-based bare-hand tracking systems. Therefore, there is a need to develop interaction techniques suitable for bare-hand input. In this paper we investigate a non-linear mapping technique for bare-hand input in large-scale virtual environments based on physiological constraints. This method not only enables high precision interaction with objects at both near and far distances, but also allows users to manipulate objects efficiently with significant translation and rotation. Through a user study, we show that the proposed method can be fairly effective, precise, more usable, and less stressful compared to two more traditional baseline interaction techniques
Legal sanctions and youths' status achievement: A longitudinal study

This study examines the impact of legal sanctions on delinquency and youths' status achievement. Theories relating to formal social control and status achievement, including deterrence, labeling, and the age-graded life course perspective, are evaluated. A structural equation model is used to test the impact of legal sanctions on delinquency and status achievement. This study finds that legal sanctions decrease the likelihood of high status achievement by increasing youths' involvement in delinquent behavior. It demonstrates the need for integrating labeling theories and the life course perspective into research on status attainment.
Immersive solutions for future Air Traffic Control and Management

In this paper we review the activities of Air Traffic Control and Management (ATC/M) and expose scenarios that illustrate current and future challenges in this domain. In particular we look at those challenges that can be tackled with the use of immersion. We introduce the concepts of an immersive Remote Tower and Collaborative Immersive Trajectory analysis. These make use of immersive technologies such as Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) or large, tiled displays to immerse users in their tasks, better supporting the management and analysis of the complex data produced in this domain.
A Conceptual Framework for Developing and Implementing Effective Policy in Children's Mental Health

This article presents a framework to be used in studying public policy development and implementation in children's mental health. It particularly focuses on policy related to the establishment of community-based systems of care.The framework is based on a review of the literature on policy development and implementation. It focuses on four dimensions: the stages of policy development and implementation, the relationships among different levels of government, the relationships among different service sectors, and variables that affect the likelihood that a policy will achieve its intended effect.
High-resolution single-snapshot DOA estimation in MIMO radar with colocated antennas

In this paper, a high-resolution subspace-based method is proposed for single-snapshot direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. First, a `principal' weight vector is designed for transmit beamforming to achieve a desired transmit power distribution, e.g., to focus the transmit power within certain desired spatial sector(s), while minimizing the out-of-sector power. Then, the designed weight vector is used to generate a population of `companion' weight vectors of the same size and having the same transmit power distribution as that of the principal weight vector. Multiple transmit beams are formed using the companion weight vectors where an orthogonal waveform is transmitted over each beam. Matched-filtering the received single-snapshot data to the orthogonal transmitted waveforms yields a number of virtual data snapshots equal to the number of orthogonal waveforms. By properly choosing the number of waveforms, the virtual data snapshots are guaranteed to yield a full-rank sample covariance matrix, which enables application of high-resolution DOA estimation techniques. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method provides DOA estimation performance superior to that of traditional MIMO radar based MUSIC, the conventional (Bartlett) beamformer, and the spheroidal sequences based beamformer.
A detour guide to the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline on case detection, diagnosis and treatment of patients with primary aldosteronism.

The Endocrine Society (USA) commissions clinical practice guidelines that address topics of major interest to the endocrine community and for which international consensus is urgently needed. As a reflection of the important contributions of European endocrinologists to the field, the Endocrine Society Clinical Guidelines Subcommittee has selected more and more European experts to join their American colleagues and help compiling and reviewing the guidelines before they are issued. However, a mid-term goal of transatlantic collaboration would certainly be the joint release of guidelines that appear concurrently in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism and the European Journal of Endocrinology. Until this is achieved, we have actually decided to release a series of invited ‘European perspective’ commentaries on recently published guidelines and in this issue we will make a start with this commentary on the Clinical Practice Guideline on diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism (1). Why do we need a clinical practice guideline on primary aldosteronism? Usually guidelines are needed when there have been important changes, primarily in the waywe perceive the significance of a disease or when research has gained novel insights into pathogenesis and opens up new options for treatment. Primary aldosteronism has made it into the headlines over the last few years mainly due to the notion that it might be more frequent than previously assumed, possibly affecting up to 10% of all hypertensive patients (2, 3), with a recent large European trial reporting a prevalence of 4.8% (4). Thus, previous diagnosis rates would not reflect the entirety of a very rare disease but perhaps only the ‘tip of iceberg’, with many others also affected, but currently undiagnosed. With this perceived paradigm change came a change in attitude towards screening for primary aldosteronism. While we previously aimed to establish this diagnosis mainly in patients presenting with hypokalaemic hypertension, more and more physicians took to actively screening their hypertensive patients for the presence of primary hyperaldosteronism. However, given that in western countries currently about 10% of the population suffers from hypertension, these changes in diagnostic strategy represent a significant risk for our health care systems, potentially generating huge costs
Student Ratings in a Consumerist Academy: Leveraging Pedagogical Control and Authority

This article is a qualitative examination of the impact of consumerism on pedagogical relationships and, in turn, its subsequent significance for standards of excellence in higher education. Based on seventy-five in-depth interviews, students' ratings of faculty are found to be normative assessments of a professor's conformity with students' pedagogical role expectations that have been derived from a market ideology and framed by a transmission model of education embedded in the rating form. When transformed into numbers, student ratings become misconstrued as quantified measures of teaching excellence that institutionally serve to provide an illusion of objectivity and penalize faculty who adhere to an alternative critical model of pedagogy. Through the use of rating forms, academic control and professional authority are transferred from faculty to students, who, as discriminating consumers, are granted the power to further their own interests and, consequently, shape the nature and form of higher education that serves them.
Shift in Kiss1 Cell Activity Requires Estrogen Receptor α

Reproductive function requires timely secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which is controlled by a complex excitatory/inhibitory network influenced by sex steroids. Kiss1 neurons are fundamental players in this network, but it is currently unclear whether different conditions of circulating sex steroids directly alter Kiss1 neuronal activity. Here, we show that Kiss1 neurons in the anteroventral periventricular and anterior periventricular nuclei (AVPV/PeN) of males and females exhibit a bimodal resting membrane potential (RMP) influenced by KATP channels, suggesting the presence of two neuronal populations defined as type I (irregular firing patterns) and type II (quiescent). Kiss1 neurons in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) are also composed of firing and quiescent cells, but unlike AVPV/PeN neurons, the range of RMPs did not follow a bimodal distribution. Moreover, Kiss1 neuronal activity in the AVPV/PeN, but not in the Arc, is sexually dimorphic. In females, estradiol shifts the firing pattern of AVPV/PeN Kiss1 neurons and alters cell capacitance and spontaneous IPSCs amplitude of AVPV/PeN and Arc Kiss1 populations in an opposite manner. Notably, mice with selective deletion of estrogen receptor α (ERα) from Kiss1 neurons show cellular activity similar to that observed in ovariectomized females, suggesting that estradiol-induced changes in Kiss1 cellular properties require ERα. We also show that female prepubertal Kiss1 neurons are under higher inhibitory influence and all recorded AVPV/PeN Kiss1 neurons were spontaneously active. Collectively, our findings indicate that changes in cellular activity may underlie Kiss1 action in pubertal initiation and female reproduction.
China's Olympic destination: tourist evaluations of China and the Games.

Purpose – This paper aims to report on the views that tourists in China have about the country, its people, the country as a destination and the 2008 Olympic Games that were held there.Design/methodology/approach – The study utilizes a survey in which responses were gathered from 288 tourists in Beijing, China during the 2008 Olympic Summer Games. The study presents results for China's three images (country, destination, and mega‐event) using an attitudinal framework and explores the patterns of relationships using linear regression.Findings – Results of the study show that tourists perceive China positively in terms of the country and people competencies and the character of the people. China is less positively viewed in terms of country character. As a destination, China is seen positively for its built environment but less positively for its natural environment. Positive experiential and logistical beliefs characterize the Olympic Games, while beliefs about security are less positive. The data support .