Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning noisy perceptrons by a perceptron in polynomial time

Learning perceptrons (linear threshold functions) from labeled examples is an important problem in machine learning. We consider the problem where labels are subjected to random classification noise. The problem was known to be PAC learnable via a hypothesis that consists of a polynomial number of linear thresholds (due to A. Blum, A. Frieze, R. Kannan, and S. Vempala (1996)). The question of whether a hypothesis that is itself a perceptron (a single threshold function) can be found in polynomial time was open. We show that indeed, noisy perceptrons are PAC learnable with a hypothesis that is a perceptron.
Speed-Based Location Tracking in Usage-Based Automotive Insurance

Usage-based Insurance (UBI) is regarded as a promising way to offer more accurate insurance premium by profiling driving behaviors. Compared with traditional insurance which considers drivers' history of accidents, traffic violations and etc, UBI focuses on driving data and can give a more reasonable insurance premium based on the current driving behaviors. Insurers use sensors in smartphone or vehicle to collect driving data (e.g. mileage, speed, hark braking) and compute a risk score based on these data to recalculate insurance premium. Many insurance programs, which are advertised as being privacy-preserving, do not directly use the GPS-based tracking, but it is not enough to protect driver's location privacy. In real world, many environment factors such as real-time traffic and traffic regulations can influence driving speed. These factors provide the side-channel information about the driving route, which can be exploited to infer the vehicle's trace. Based on the observation, we propose a novel speed based trajectory inference algorithm which can track drivers only with the speed data and original location. We implement the attack on a public dataset in New Jersey. The evaluation results show that the attacker can recover the route with a high successful rate.
The evolutionary relationship between the duplicated copies of the zebrafish fabp11 gene and the tetrapod FABP4, FABP5, FABP8 and FABP9 genes

We describe the structure of a fatty acid‐binding protein 11 (fabp11b) gene and its tissue‐specific expression in zebrafish. The 3.4 kb zebrafish fabp11b is the paralog of the previously described zebrafish fabp11a, with a deduced amino acid sequence for Fabp11B exhibiting 65% identity with that of Fabp11A. Whole mount in situ hybridization of a riboprobe to embryos and larvae showed that zebrafish fabp11b transcripts were restricted solely to the retina and were first detected at 24 h postfertilization. In situ hybridization revealed fabp11b transcripts along the spinal cord in adult zebrafish. However, the highly sensitive RT‐PCR assay detected fabp11b transcripts in the brain, heart, ovary and eye in adult tissues. By contrast, fabp11a transcripts had been previously detected in the liver, brain, heart, testis, muscle, ovary and skin of adult zebrafish. Using the LN54 radiation hybrid panel, we assigned zebrafish fabp11b to linkage group 16. Phylogenetic analysis and conserved gene synteny with tetrapod genes indicated that the emergence of two copies of fabp11 in the zebrafish genome may have resulted from a fish‐specific whole genome duplication event. Furthermore, we propose that the FABP4–FABP5–FABP8–FABP9 (PERF15) gene cluster on a single chromosome in the tetrapod genome and the fabp11 genes in the zebrafish genome originated from a common ancestral gene, which, following their divergence, gave rise to the fabp11 genes of zebrafish, and the progenitor of the FABP4, FABP5, FABP8 and FABP9 genes in tetrapods after the separation of the fish and tetrapod lineages.
Human macrophages rescue myoblasts and myotubes from apoptosis through a set of adhesion molecular systems

The mechanisms underlying stromal cell supportive functions are incompletely understood but probably implicate a mixture of cytokines, matrix components and cell adhesion molecules. Skeletal muscle uses recruited macrophages to support post-injury regeneration. We and others have previously shown that macrophages secrete mitogenic factors for myogenic cells. Here, we focused on macrophage-elicited survival signals. We demonstrated that: (1) macrophage influx is temporally correlated with the disappearance of TUNEL-positive apoptotic myogenic cells during post-injury muscle regeneration in mice; (2) direct cell-cell contacts between human macrophages and myogenic cells rescue myogenic cells from apoptosis, as assessed by decreased annexin V labelling and caspase-3 activity, and by increased DIOC-6 staining, Bcl-2 expression and phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 survival pathways; (3) four pro-survival cell-cell adhesion molecular systems detected by DNA macroarray are expressed by macrophages and myogenic cells in vitro and in vivo - VCAM-1-VLA-4, ICAM-1-LFA-1, PECAM-1-PECAM-1 and CX3CL1-CX3CR1; (4) macrophages deliver anti-apoptotic signals through all four adhesion systems, as assessed by functional analyses with blocking antibodies; and (5) macrophages more strongly rescue differentiated myotubes, which must achieve adhesion-induced stabilisation of their structure to survive. Macrophages could secure these cells until they establish final association with the matrix.
Development in Electrofused Conjugants of Tetrahymena thermophila

Abstract Electric shock can create parabiotic fusions of living Tetrahymena cells. In this study, cells were mated and successful pairs were electrofused with either vegetatively growing cells or other mating pairs. In particular, we electrofused pairs from normal [diploid × diploid] matings with vegetatively dividing cells in G- or M-phase of the cell cycle. We also fused [diploid × diploid] conjugants with mating pairs involving an aneuploid partner [diploid × “star”], which typically undergo an abortive conjugal pathway termed genomic exclusion. Using such parabiotic fusions we identified and characterized two developmentally critical landmarks: 1) the “abort” signal, which is initiated in pairs with nuclear defects (this first becomes evident soon after the completion of Meiosis I or the beginning of Meiosis II); and 2) the “terminal commitment point”, a developmental stage in normal [diploid × diploid] pairs after which conjugation no longer responds to a parabiotically transmitted abort signal (this correlates with the onset of the second postzygotic nuclear division). Finally we demonstrate that a conjugal-arrest-activity varies with the vegetative cell cycle, reaching its highest level of activity during M-phase and dropping just after cytokinesis.
Deep Learning applied to Road Traffic Speed forecasting

In this paper, we propose deep learning architectures (FNN, CNN and LSTM) to forecast a regression model for time dependent data. These algorithm's are designed to handle Floating Car Data (FCD) historic speeds to predict road traffic data. For this we aggregate the speeds into the network inputs in an innovative way. We compare the RMSE thus obtained with the results of a simpler physical model, and show that the latter achieves better RMSE accuracy. We also propose a new indicator, which evaluates the algorithms improvement when compared to a benchmark prediction. We conclude by questioning the interest of using deep learning methods for this specific regression task.
A Simple Two-Channel LED Driver With Automatic Precise Current Sharing

A simple rectifying circuit for an isolated two-channel LED driver without active current-sharing control is proposed. An alternating current source can be used to generate a two-channel LED driver with the proposed rectifying structure. With the proposed H-bridge rectifier and a block capacitor in series with the secondary side winding of the transformer, the currents in two LED strings are shared automatically even for different LED strings with different voltage drops. The operation principle of the rectifier is analyzed with a sinusoidal current source, and it is verified with a series-parallel resonant (LLC) dc/dc converter. This proposed rectifier can be applied to other converters featuring a high-frequency current source link.
Tellurium‐induced demyelination: An electrophysiological and morphological study

Tellurium (Te) is a naturally occurring element with many industrial uses. Microinjection of 0.3 μg of potassium tellurite [K(2)TeO(3)] into the endoneurial space of rat tibial nerve causes a rapidly progressing focal conduction block as measured by the disappearance of the evoked compound muscle action potential (CAMP) of the intrinsic foot muscles following stimulation proximal to the injection site. Conduction block was fully established within 6 hours and persisted for approximately 7 days, followed by the appearance of low amplitude, long latency, temporally dispersed potentials. The proximal CMAPs increased in amplitude and decreased in latency and temporal dispersion until normalization by 28 days after injection. The distal CMAP showed a minimal decline in amplitude. Morphological observations showed splitting of myelin, especially in the paranodal regions, followed by accumulation of myelin debris in Schwann cells and macrophages. Although the exact mechanism remains unknown, this in vivo model provides a unique opportunity to study the electrophysiological and morphological correlates of an acutely evolving demyelinative process.
Low density separation as a stopping criterion for active learning SVM

A new stopping criterion for active learning SVM is proposed. It takes advantage of the low density separation idea, which is extensively used in semi-supervised learning and unsupervised learning methods. When the separating hyperplane of an active learning SVM (ALSVM) lies in a sparse region in the feature space, its generalization error is expected to have reached alocal minimum, and activelearning can stop in such circumstances. An improved Normalized Cut algorithm, StochasticSearch Normalized Cut (SSNcut), is employed for measuring whether SVM's separating hyperplane lies in a low density region. In each active learning iteration, the label vector predicted by SVM is compared with that obtained from SSNcut. If these two label vectors are very similar to each other, the SVM's separating hyperplane can be considered as lying in a sparse region. When calculating these label vectors, only points that are nearest to the current separating hyperplane of ALSVM are considered. This makes Normalized Cut less likely to be influenced by outliers. Experiments show that the proposed stopping criterion strikes a good balance between generalization performance and label cost.
On the comparison of the strength of morphological integration across morphometric datasets

Evolutionary morphologists frequently wish to understand the extent to which organisms are integrated, and whether the strength of morphological integration among subsets of phenotypic variables differ among taxa or other groups. However, comparisons of the strength of integration across datasets are difficult, in part because the summary measures that characterize these patterns (RV coefficient and rPLS) are dependent both on sample size and on the number of variables. As a solution to this issue, we propose a standardized test statistic (a z‐score) for measuring the degree of morphological integration between sets of variables. The approach is based on a partial least squares analysis of trait covariation, and its permutation‐based sampling distribution. Under the null hypothesis of a random association of variables, the method displays a constant expected value and confidence intervals for datasets of differing sample sizes and variable number, thereby providing a consistent measure of integration suitable for comparisons across datasets. A two‐sample test is also proposed to statistically determine whether levels of integration differ between datasets, and an empirical example examining cranial shape integration in Mediterranean wall lizards illustrates its use. Some extensions of the procedure are also discussed.
Aggregated journal–journal citation relations in scopus and web of science matched and compared in terms of networks, maps, and interactive overlays

We compare the network of aggregated journal–journal citation relations provided by the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) 2012 of the Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) with similar data based on Scopus 2012. First, global and overlay maps were developed for the 2 sets separately. Using fuzzy‐string matching and ISSN numbers, we were able to match 10,524 journal names between the 2 sets: 96.4% of the 10,936 journals contained in JCR, or 51.2% of the 20,554 journals covered by Scopus. Network analysis was pursued on the set of journals shared between the 2 databases and the 2 sets of unique journals. Citations among the shared journals are more comprehensively covered in JCR than in Scopus, so the network in JCR is denser and more connected than in Scopus. The ranking of shared journals in terms of indegree (i.e., numbers of citing journals) or total citations is similar in both databases overall (Spearman rank correlation ρ > 0.97), but some individual journals rank very differently. Journals that are unique to Scopus seem to be less important—they are citing shared journals rather than being cited by them—but the humanities are covered better in Scopus than in JCR.
Use of naltrexone in the treatment of alcoholism nationally in the Department of Veterans Affairs.

BACKGROUND Naltrexone is one of only two medications currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of alcoholism. We attempted to determine the proportion of patients with a diagnosis of alcoholism who were prescribed naltrexone in the Department of Veterans Affairs health-care system during a 6-month period and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics that distinguished them from veterans who were not prescribed naltrexone. METHODS By using Veterans Affairs workload databases, all outpatients diagnosed with alcoholism (International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, codes 303.xx or 305.00) during a 6-month period (October 2000 to March 2001) were selected (n = 194,001). Patients in this group who were prescribed naltrexone during this period were identified. Logistic regression was used to compare those who were prescribed naltrexone with other alcoholics. RESULTS In this sample, only 3,705 patients (1.9%) of the 194,001 veterans with an alcohol use disorder were prescribed naltrexone. Logistic regression analysis showed that naltrexone use was associated with comorbid disorders (bipolar disorder, dysthymia, major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and drug abuse) and recent psychiatric hospitalization. African Americans and veterans with organic brain syndromes were less likely to be prescribed naltrexone. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that prescribers have not embraced reports of naltrexone's efficacy in alcohol dependence, perhaps due to a general disinclination to use medications rather than a specific attitude toward naltrexone, especially in uncomplicated alcoholism.
Dual mTORC 1 / 2 Inhibition as a Novel Strategy for the Resensitization and Treatment of Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer

There is considerable interest in the clinical development of inhibitors of mTOR complexes mTORC1 and 2. Because mTORC1 and its downstream mRNA translation effectors may protect against genotoxic DNA damage, we investigated the inhibition of mTORC1 and mTORC1/2 in the ability to reverse platinum resistance in tissue culture and in animal tumor models of serous ovarian cancer. Cell survival, tumor growth, PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway signaling, DNA damage and repair response (DDR) gene expression, and translational control were all investigated. We show that platinum-resistant OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells are resensitized to low levels of carboplatin in culture by mTOR inhibition, demonstrating reduced survival after treatment with either mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus or mTORC1/2 inhibitor PP242. Platinum resistance is shown to be associated with activating phosphorylation of AKT and CHK1, inactivating phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, the negative regulator of eIF4E, which promotes increased capdependent mRNA translation and increased levels of CHK1 and BRCA1 proteins. Animals with platinum-resistant OVCAR3 tumors treated with carboplatin plus mTORC1/2 inhibition had significantly longer median survival and strikingly reduced metastasis compared with animals treated with carboplatin plus everolimus, which inhibits only mTORC1. Reduced tumor growth, metastasis, and increased survival by mTORC1/2 inhibition with carboplatin treatment was associated with reduced AKT-activating phosphorylation and increased 4E-BP1 hypophosphorylation (activation). We conclude that mTORC1/2 inhibition is superior to mTORC1 inhibition in reversing platinum resistance in tumors and strongly impairs AKT activation, DNA repair responses, and translation, promoting improved survival in the background of platinum resistance. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1557–67. 2016 AACR.
SINIF ÖĞRETMENLİĞİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN FENE KARŞI TUTUMLARI VE FEN ÖĞRETİMİNDE ENTEGRASYONUN ÖNEMİ

" Cozulemeyecek hicbir problem yoktur. Her problemi n bir yerlerde mutlaka bir cozumu vardir. Sen cozemiyorsan, cozebilecek birine sor" Sinif Ogretmenligi Bolumu ogrencileri fizik dersinde basarisiz olmaktadir. Bunun sebepleri arasinda ogretmen faktoru akla gelebilir. Ataturk Egitim Fakultesi sinif ogret m enligi bolumunde son uc sene farkli ogretim elemanlari fizik dersine girdigi halde, durumun degismemesi, ogretmen faktorunun etkisinin ortadan kalkmasini saglamistir.
Morphology of the female reproductive system of European pea crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae)

Commensal pea crabs inhabiting bivalves have a high reproductive output due to the extension andfecundity of the ovary. We studied the underlying morphology of the female reproductive system in the Pinnotheridae Pinnotheres pisum, Pinnotheres pectunculi and Nepinnotheres pinnotheres using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Eubrachyura have internal fertilization: the paired vaginas enlarge into storage structures, the spermathecae, which are connected to the ovaries by oviducts. Sperm is stored inside the spermathecae until the oocytes are mature. The oocytes are transported by oviducts into the spermathecae where fertilization takes place. In the investigated pinnotherids, the vagina is of the “concave pattern” (sensu Hartnoll 1968 ): musculature is attached alongside flexible parts of the vagina wall that controls the dimension of its lumen. The genital opening is closed by a muscular mobile operculum. The spermatheca can be divided into two distinct regions by function and morphology. The ventral part includes the connection with vagina and oviduct and is regarded as the zone where fertilization takes place. It is lined with cuticle except where the oviduct enters the spermatheca by the “holocrine transfer tissue. ” At ovulation, the oocytes have to pass through this multilayered glandular epithelium performing holocrine secretion. The dorsal part of the spermatheca is considered as the main sperm storage area. It is lined by a highly secretory apocrine glandular epithelium. Thus, two different forms of secretion occur in the spermathecae of pinnotherids. The definite role of secretion in sperm storage and fertilization is not yet resolved, but it is notable that structure and function of spermathecal secretion are more complex in pinnotherids, and probably more efficient, than in other brachyuran crabs. J. Morphol. , 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sleep duration and the cortisol awakening response in dementia caregivers utilizing adult day services.

OBJECTIVE Sleep complaints are common among caregivers and are associated with detriments in mental and physical health. Cortisol, a biomarker of the stress process, may link sleep with subsequent health changes in caregivers. The current study examines whether sleep duration is directly associated with the cortisol awakening response (CAR), or whether it is moderated by Adult Day Services (ADS) use, an intervention found previously to influence daily CAR by reducing stressor exposure. METHOD Associations were examined in caregivers (N = 158) of individuals with dementia (IWD) on days when IWDs attended ADS and days when IWDs did not attend ADS. Data were gathered over 8 consecutive days. Caregivers were primarily female (87.3%) with a mean age of 61.59. A multilevel growth curve model tested the association of an interaction of today's ADS use and last night's sleep duration with today's CAR as the outcome. RESULTS The interaction between ADS use and within-person sleep duration was significant such that when an individual sleeps longer than their average but does not use ADS, they have a smaller or blunted CAR. On the other hand when an individual sleeps longer than their average and uses ADS, they have a higher but nonsignificant CAR. Sleeping shorter than usual was associated with a dynamic rise regardless of ADS use. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that ADS use moderates the association between sleep duration and CAR such that longer than average sleep is associated with blunted, dysregulated cortisol patterns only on non-ADS days.
[Effects of Web-based health education on blood glucose and blood pressure improvement in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting blood glucose].

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an educational intervention that used both cellular phones and the Internet to provide a short messaging service (SMS) relating to blood glucose, blood pressure, and serum lipid levels in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). METHODS Twenty-eight postmenopausal women were assigned to an intervention group and twenty-one postmenopausal women to a control group. The intervention was provided for 12 weeks. Patients in the intervention group were asked to access a web site by using a cellular phone or to use the Internet directly and input their blood glucose and blood pressure levels weekly. Participants were sent the optimal recommendations weekly by both cellular phone and Internet. RESULTS The intervention group had a mean decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) level of 8.1 mmHg but changes for the control group were not significant. There was a significant mean change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) level for the intervention group (-7.7 mmHg). The mean change in the control group was not significant. CONCLUSION This educational intervention using the Internet and a SMS by cellular phone improved levels of SBP and DBP in postmenopausal women with IFG.
OpenDSME - a portable framework for reliable wireless sensor and actuator networks

The Deterministic and Synchronous Multi-Channel Extension (DSME) of the IEEE 802.15. 4 standard provides a data link layer for time division multiple access in wireless mesh networks. The authors present openDSME, a portable implementation for hardware and simulators which promises reliable message transfer suitable for applications in demanding industrial environments. A demonstration has been developed to illustrate the performance of openDSME in a simulated network and to show its benefits over CSMA/CA.