Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organizations Driving Positive Social Change

Academic and practitioner interest in how market-based organizations can drive positive social change (PSC) is steadily growing. This paper helps to recast how organizations relate to society. It integrates research on projects stimulating PSC—the transformational processes to advance societal well-being—that is fragmented across different streams of research in management and related disciplines. Focusing on the mechanisms at play in how organizations and their projects affect change in targets outside of organizational boundaries, we (1) clarify the nature of PSC as a process, (2) develop an integrative framework that specifies two distinct PSC strategies, (3) take stock of and offer a categorization scheme for change mechanisms and enabling organizational practices, and (4) outline opportunities for future research. Our conceptual framework differentiates between surface- and deep-level PSC strategies understood as distinct combinations of change mechanisms and enabling organizational practices. These strategies differ in the nature and speed of transformation experienced by the targets of change projects and the resulting quality (pervasiveness and durability), timing, and reach of social impact. Our findings provide a solid base for integrating and advancing knowledge across the largely disparate streams of management research on corporate social responsibility, social entrepreneurship, and base of the pyramid and open up important new avenues for future research on organizing for PSC and on unpacking PSC processes.
TISSUES 2.0: an integrative web resource on mammalian tissue expression

Abstract Physiological and molecular similarities between organisms make it possible to translate findings from simpler experimental systems—model organisms—into more complex ones, such as human. This translation facilitates the understanding of biological processes under normal or disease conditions. Researchers aiming to identify the similarities and differences between organisms at the molecular level need resources collecting multi-organism tissue expression data. We have developed a database of gene–tissue associations in human, mouse, rat and pig by integrating multiple sources of evidence: transcriptomics covering all four species and proteomics (human only), manually curated and mined from the scientific literature. Through a scoring scheme, these associations are made comparable across all sources of evidence and across organisms. Furthermore, the scoring produces a confidence score assigned to each of the associations. The TISSUES database (version 2.0) is publicly accessible through a user-friendly web interface and as part of the STRING app for Cytoscape. In addition, we analyzed the agreement between datasets, across and within organisms, and identified that the agreement is mainly affected by the quality of the datasets rather than by the technologies used or organisms compared. Database URL: http://tissues.jensenlab. org/
On the feature detection of nonconforming objects with automated drone surveillance

Recently, drones have illustrated some more attentions in the relationship between surveillance and militarization, despite the several constraints such as the endurance, weather conditions and the lack of the harmonized standard on the take-off weight. By the supposed accuracy and precision, drone systems may be used as the replacement of troublesome daily works. In our study, the authors tried to propose the seeking method on the finding of unwanted or broken dumping bikes on the street. The proposed reinforcement method is based on the improvement of key points matching problem by SIFT algorithm. Generally, the more key points being matched between two images mean the much similar between them. On the contrary, the more key points could confound the features either. To strength the advantage of key points, our proposed method focused on the multiple refinement rounds during the matching progress, that is our reinforcement matching. According to our experiment, we not only illustrate the improvement of clustering accuracy in the face recognition and aerial photography database, but also we testify the possibility of retaining the clustering purity.
Local Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Signaling in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) initiate hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity through the release of CRF into the portal system as part of a coordinated neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral response to stress. The recent discovery of neurons expressing CRF receptor type 1 (CRFR1), the primary receptor for CRF, adjacent to CRF neurons within the PVN, suggests that CRF also signals within the hypothalamus to coordinate aspects of the stress response. Here, we characterize the electrophysiological and molecular properties of PVN-CRFR1 neurons and interrogate their monosynaptic connectivity using rabies virus-based tracing and optogenetic circuit mapping in male and female mice. We provide evidence that CRF neurons in the PVN form synapses on neighboring CRFR1 neurons and activate them by releasing CRF. CRFR1 neurons receive the majority of monosynaptic input from within the hypothalamus, mainly from the PVN itself. Locally, CRFR1 neurons make GABAergic synapses on parvocellular and magnocellular cells within the PVN. CRFR1 neurons resident in the PVN also make long-range glutamatergic synapses in autonomic nuclei such as the nucleus of the solitary tract. Selective ablation of PVN-CRFR1 neurons in male mice elevates corticosterone release during a stress response and slows the decrease in circulating corticosterone levels after the cessation of stress. Our experiments provide evidence for a novel intra-PVN neural circuit that is activated by local CRF release and coordinates autonomic and endocrine function during stress responses. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) coordinates concomitant changes in autonomic and neuroendocrine function to organize the response to stress. This manuscript maps intra-PVN circuitry that signals via CRF, delineates CRF receptor type 1 neuron synaptic targets both within the PVN and at distal targets, and establishes the role of this microcircuit in regulating hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity.
Distinct Akt phosphorylation states are required for insulin regulated Glut4 and Glut1-mediated glucose uptake

Insulin, downstream of Akt activation, promotes glucose uptake into fat and muscle cells to lower postprandial blood glucose, an enforced change in cellular metabolism to maintain glucose homeostasis. This effect is mediated by the Glut4 glucose transporter. Growth factors also enhance glucose uptake to fuel an anabolic metabolism required for tissue growth and repair. This activity is predominantly mediated by the Glut1. Akt is activated by phosphorylation of its kinase and hydrophobic motif (HM) domains. We show that insulin-stimulated Glut4-mediated glucose uptake requires PDPK1 phosphorylation of the kinase domain but not mTORC2 phosphorylation of the HM domain. Nonetheless, an intact HM domain is required for Glut4-mediated glucose uptake. Whereas, Glut1-mediated glucose uptake also requires mTORC2 phosphorylation of the HM domain, demonstrating both phosphorylation-dependent and independent roles of the HM domain in regulating glucose uptake. Thus, mTORC2 links Akt to the distinct physiologic programs related to Glut4 and Glut1-mediated glucose uptake. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.26896. 001
Semantic Insecurity: Security and the Semantic Web

Strangely enough, the Semantic Web has fallen behind the rest of the Web in terms of security. In particular, we note how TLS is not in use currently for the majority of URIs on the Semantic Web, and how existing Semantic Web standards need to be updated to take into account security best practices. We point out security and privacy flaws in WebID+TLS, and propose alternatives and solutions.
Study on Dynamic Game Models in a Two-Echelon Supply Chain

In our paper, a two-echelon supply chain with one supplier and multiple retailers is introduced. The products are perishable and sold over a single selling season. Traditionally, the retailers order products in the selling season, and the dynamic games between the supplier and retailers are constructed. Now the supplier gives one of the retailers a chance to order products before the selling season, and dynamic game is further analyzed. The model has shown that, below a threshold level of demand uncertainty, the supplier can benefit from providing adequate pricing incentives to entice the retailer to order products before demand information is revealed.
Modulation of sympathetic vasoconstriction is critical for the effects of sleep on arterial pressure in mice

While values of arterial pressure during sleep are predictive of cardiovascular risk, the autonomic mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular effects of sleep remain poorly understood. Here, we assess the autonomic mechanisms of the cardiovascular effects of sleep in C57Bl/6J mice, taking advantage of a novel technique for continuous intraperitoneal infusion of autonomic blockers. Our results indicate that non‐REM sleep decreases arterial pressure by decreasing sympathetic vasoconstriction, decreases heart rate by balancing parasympathetic activation and sympathetic withdrawal, and increases cardiac baroreflex sensitivity mainly by increasing fluctuations in parasympathetic activity. Our results also indicate that REM sleep increases arterial pressure by increasing sympathetic activity to the heart and blood vessels, and increases heart rate, at least in part, by increasing cardiac sympathetic activity. These results provide a framework for generating and testing hypotheses on cardiovascular derangements during sleep in mouse models and human patients.
Contraception for midlife women: a review

Abstract Family planning represents a key component of reproductive health care. Accordingly, the provision of contraception must span the reproductive age spectrum, including perimenopause. The risk of pregnancy is decreased, but not trivial, among women over 40 years of age. Evidence-based guidelines for contraceptive use can assist clinicians in counseling their patients in this population. Intrauterine contraception is one of the most effective methods and is safe to use in midlife women with few exceptions. Progestin-only contraception is another safe option for most midlife women because it is not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Combined (estrogen-containing) contraception can be safely used by midlife women who do not have cardiovascular risk factors. Unique noncontraceptive benefits for this population include: improvement in abnormal uterine bleeding, decreased hot flashes, and decreased cancer risk. Finally, guidelines state that contraception can be used by midlife women without medical contraindications until the age of menopause, at which time they may consider transition to systemic hormone therapy.
Did Late Pleistocene climate change result in parallel genetic structure and demographic bottlenecks in sympatric Central African crocodiles, Mecistops and Osteolaemus?

The mid‐Holocene has had profound demographic impacts on wildlife on the African continent, although there is little known about the impacts on species from Central Africa. Understanding the impacts of climate change on codistributed species can enhance our understanding of ecosystem dynamics and for formulating restoration objectives. We took a multigenome comparative approach to examine the phylogeographic structure of two poorly known Central African crocodile species—Mecistops sp. aff. cataphractus and Osteolaemus tetraspis. In addition, we conducted coalescent‐based demographic reconstructions to test the hypothesis that population decline was driven by climate change since the Last Glacial Maximum, vs. more recent anthropogenic pressures. Using a hierarchical Bayesian model to reconstruct demographic history, we show that both species had dramatic declines (>97%) in effective population size in the 'period following the Last Glacial Maximum 1,500–18,000 YBP. Identification of genetic structuring showed both species have similar regional structure corresponding to major geological features (i.e., hydrologic basin) and that small observed differences between them are best explained by the differences in their ecology and the likely impact that climate change had on their habitat needs. Our results support our hypothesis that climatic effects, presumably on forest and wetland habitat, had a congruent negative impact on both species.
Could dynamic attractors explain associative prosopagnosia ?

Prosopagnosia is one of the many forms of visual associative agnosia, in which familiar faces lose their distinctive association. In the case of prosopagnosia, the ability to recognize familiar faces is lost, due to lesions in the medial occipitotemporal region. In ‘‘associative’’ prosopagnosia, the perceptual system seems adequate to allow for recognition, yet recognition cannot take place. Our hypothesis is that a possible cause of associative prosopagnosia might be the occurrence of Dynamic attractors in the brain’s auto-associative circuits. We present a biologically plausible model composed of two stages: Pre-processing and face recognition. In the first stage, the face image is passed through Gabor filters which model the kind of visual processing carried out by the simple and complex cells of the primary visual cortex of higher mammals and the resulting features are fed into a Pseudo-inverse associative neural network for the recognition task. Next, we damage the network by reducing self-connections below a certain threshold in order to create dynamic attractors and hence hinder the networks ability to recognize familiar faces (faces already learned). Results obtained from simulations show that the resulting network responses are very similar to those of associative prosopagnosic patients. We conclude that the problems concerning associative prosopagnosia may partly be explained through the concepts of dynamic attractors. Although there is no known cure for prosopagnosia, we believe that the focus of any treatment should be to help the individual with prosopagnosia develop compensatory strategies for remembering faces. Adults with prosopagnosia as a result of stroke or brain trauma can be retrained to use other clues to identify faces. And a cure for children born with prosopagnosia might eventually rely on reinforcement techniques that reward them for paying attention to faces during early childhood. Reinforcement learning from examples of patterns to be classified using habituation and association would create lower dimensional local basins in the brain, which would form a global attractor landscape with one basin for each face. These local basins would eventually constitute dynamical memories that solve difficult problems in classifying and recognizing faces. c 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
In silico ligand‐based modeling of hBACE‐1 inhibitors

Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting more than 30 million people worldwide. Development of small molecule inhibitors of human β‐secretase 1 (hBACE‐1) is being the focus of pharmaceutical industry for the past 15–20 years. Here, we successfully applied multiple ligand‐based in silico modeling techniques to understand the inhibitory activities of a diverse set of small molecule hBACE‐1 inhibitors reported in the scientific literature. Strikingly, the use of only a small subset of 230 (13%) molecules allowed us to develop quality models that performed reasonably well on the validation set of 1,476 (87%) inhibitors. Varying the descriptor sets and the complexity of the modeling techniques resulted in only minor improvements to the model's performance. The current results demonstrate that predictive models can be built by choosing appropriate modeling techniques in spite of using small datasets consisting of diverse chemical classes, a scenario typical in triaging of high‐throughput screening results to identify false negatives. We hope that these encouraging results will help the community to develop more predictive models that would support research efforts for the debilitating Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, the integrated diversity of the techniques employed will stimulate scientists in the field to use in silico statistical modeling techniques like these to derive better models to help advance the drug discovery projects faster.
Chemometric feature selection and classification of Ganoderma lucidum spores and fruiting body using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy

Ganoderma lucidum(G. lucidum) spores as a valuable Chinese herbal medicine have vast marketable prospect for its bioactivities and medicinal efficacy. This study aims at the development of an effective and simple analytical method to distinguish G. lucidum spores from its fruiting body, which is of essential importance for the quality control and fast discrimination of raw materials of Chinese herbal medicine. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy combined with the appropriate chemometric methods including penalized discriminant analysis, principal component discriminant analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis has been proven to be a rapid and powerful tool for discrimination of G. lucidum spores and its fruiting body with classification accuracy of 99%. The model leads to a well-performed selection of informative spectral absorption bands which improve the classification accuracy, reduce the model complexity and enhance the quantitative interpretations of the chemical constituents of G. lucidum spores regarding its anticancer effects.
Ethnic Disparities in Asthma Morbidity in Chicago

Rationale. The role of ethnicity and socioeconomic status in explaining variations in asthma morbidity is unclear. Objectives. To describe the magnitude of ethnic disparities in asthma morbidity in Chicago and to determine whether differences in socioeconomic status explain these disparities. Methods. We conducted a survey of 561 school-age children and 353 young adults with asthma and measured their self-reported ethnicity, socioeconomic status (using 11 variables), and asthma morbidity (symptom frequency, asthma-specific quality of life, and frequency of severe asthma exacerbations). Measurements and Main Results. White children and adults had better asthma-specific quality of life and fewer severe asthma exacerbations compared to black and Hispanic children and adults. White children also had fewer days with asthma symptoms, but among adults there were no ethnic differences in the frequency of asthma symptoms. Socioeconomic status explained a large portion of the ethnic disparities in asthma quality of life but explained little of the disparities in other aspects of asthma morbidity. Conclusions. There are large disparities across ethnic groups in Chicago in asthma quality of life and in the frequency of severe exacerbations. Differences in socioeconomic status do not fully explain these disparities.
Practical Comprehensive Bounds on Surreptitious Communication over DNS

DNS queries represent one of the most common forms of network traffic, and likely the least blocked by sites. As such, DNS provides a highly attractive channel for attackers who wish to communicate surreptitiously across a network perimeter, and indeed a variety of tunneling toolkits exist [7, 10, 13-15]. We develop a novel measurement procedure that fundamentally limits the amount of information that a domain can receive surreptitiously through DNS queries to an upper bound specified by a site's security policy, with the exact setting representing a tradeoff between the scope of potential leakage versus the quantity of possible detections that a site's analysts must investigate. Rooted in lossless compression, our measurement procedure is free from false negatives. For example, we address conventional tunnels that embed the payload in the query names, tunnels that repeatedly query a fixed alphabet of domain names or varying query types, tunnels that embed information in query timing, and communication that employs combinations of these. In an analysis of 230 billion lookups from real production networks, our procedure detected 59 confirmed tunnels. For the enterprise datasets with lookups by individual clients, detecting surreptitious communication that exceeds 4 kB/day imposes an average analyst burden of 1-2 investigations/week.
Bias and Variance in Frequency Estimation at the Leading Edge of a Peak in the Spectrum of a Windowed Signal Under Multipath Mitigation

Sinusoidal frequency estimation based on discrete Fourier transform provides accurate results for well-separated spectral tones. However, if a single sinusoid is disturbed by other tones, estimation accuracy may suffer significantly. In particular, the bias can increase considerably when the frequencies of the disturbances are close to that of the desired sinusoid. In addition to frequency estimation by maximization of the Schuster periodogram, examining a frequency located on the opposite side of the disturbance at the edge of the cost function may reduce its influence on the bias of the estimator. In this paper, we present an empirical appraisal of this bias reduction. Since our edge estimation procedure increases the variance of the estimated frequency, we also present an analytical method for assessing this increase. Possible applications are measurement or tracking tasks where frequency estimates with low bias are essential to the working of an overall measurement system. Further, we describe a method that combines the advantages of peak and edge estimation. All results were validated using simulations and data obtained from a frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar system.
Shape comparison through mutual distances of real functions

Spectral analysis provides a library of shape description elements intrinsically defined by the shape itself. Among all, the eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator can be thought as a set of real valued functions that implicitly abstract and code the shape. In this scenario, this paper introduces a new shape signature derived from the mutual distances between couples of Laplace-Beltrami eigenfunctions. This signature can be seen as a feature vector that acts as an intrinsic shape pattern. Experiments show that it can be effectively used for shape retrieval and its robustness with respect to changes in topology, model resampling, small perturbations and pose variations.
D2D communication as an underlay to next generation cellular systems with resource management and interference avoidance

The next generation cellular technologies would include millimeter wave (mm Wave) for communication to meet the demand for high capacity. The spectral efficiency of such a cellular technology would be enhanced when the resources are reused by incorporating underlay device-to-device (D2D) communication. To reach the expectation of system performance by integration of these technologies, an approach for resource management and interference avoidance is addressed in this paper. Firstly, the system performance is optimized to achieve maximum throughput in a multi-user (both cellular and D2D users) environment reusing the available resources. Next, the interference constraint and transmit power are addressed while compromising with the number of connected devices per cell. The problem thus formulated, is hard to solve. In order to reduce the complexity, an algorithm is applied. Simulation is performed to test the efficiency of the algorithm with special regard to overall system throughput with transmit power variation and the number of users connected. We find that the proposed scheme D2D communication in mmWave networks is close to the optimal scheme while accounting for the minimum data rate requirement.