Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Melatonin treatment further improves adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute interstitial cystitis in rat

This study tests the hypothesis that combined melatonin and adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC, 1.2 × 106 given intravenously) treatment offer superior protection against cyclophosphamide (CYP 150 mg/kg)‐induced acute interstitial cystitis (AIC) in rats. Male adult Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated as follows: sham controls, AIC alone, AIC + melatonin, AIC + ADMSC, and AIC + melatonin +ADMSC. When melatonin was used, it was given as follows: 20 mg/kg at 30 min after CYP and 50 mg/kg at 6 and 18 hr after CYP. Twenty‐four‐hour urine volume, urine albumin level, and severity of hematuria were highest in AIC rats and lowest in the controls; likewise urine volume was higher in AIC + melatonin rats than in AIC + ADMSC and AIC + melatonin + ADMSC treated rats; in all cases, P < 0.001. The numbers of CD14+, CD74+, CD68+, MIP+, Cox‐2+, substance P+, cells and protein expression of IL‐6, IL‐12, RANTES, TNF‐α, NF‐κB, MMP‐9, iNOS (i.e. inflammatory biomarkers), glycosaminoglycan level, expression of oxidized protein, and protein expression of reactive oxygen species (NOX‐1, NOX‐2, NOX‐4) in the bladder tissue exhibited an identical pattern compared with that of hematuria among the five groups (all P < 0.0001). The integrity of epithelial layer and area of collagen deposition displayed an opposite pattern compared to that of hematuria among all groups (P < 0.0001). The cellular expressions of antioxidants (GR, GPx, HO‐1, NQO 1) showed a significant progressive increase form controls to AIC + melatonin + ADMSC (all P < 0.0001). Combined regimen of melatonin and ADMSC was superior to either alone in protecting against CYP‐induced AIC.
Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

Abstract Objective Our objective was to formulate a clinical practice guideline for the management of the pregnant woman with diabetes. Participants The Task Force was composed of a chair, selected by the Clinical Guidelines Subcommittee of The Endocrine Society, 5 additional experts, a methodologist, and a medical writer. Evidence This evidence-based guideline was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to describe both the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. Consensus Process One group meeting, several conference calls, and innumerable e-mail communications enabled consensus for all recommendations save one with a majority decision being employed for this single exception. Conclusions Using an evidence-based approach, this Diabetes and Pregnancy Clinical Practice Guideline addresses important clinical issues in the contemporary management of women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes preconceptionally, during pregnancy, and in the postpartum setting and in the diagnosis and management of women with gestational diabetes during and after pregnancy.
Dynamic Magnetization Properties of Platelet Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles and Their Heat Generation Injected in Tumors of Mice

Development of high-heat-generating materials is essential for magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia therapy. As a candidate, oval platelet Fe oxide nanoparticles of sizes 30–100 nm were synthesized, and their surfaces were decorated with tetraethylene glycol block polymer. The water-based suspension showed good dispersion properties, suggesting high applicability for medical usage. High-frequency hysteresis measurement, which is helpful for understanding the mechanism of specific loss power, was carried out at the same frequency and magnetic field amplitude (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) range as heating. Frequency-independent ferromagnetic hysteresis was observed, and this supported the ferromagnetic heating mechanism. The suspension was directly injected into the cancerous tumor of mice and subjected to 114 kHz alternating current magnetic field below 51 kA/m, which was sufficient for elevating the local temperature to approximately 50 °C. The tumor size decreased upon heating at an early stage and was restored to nearly the original size after 14 days. Distinguished differences were observed between the platelet Fe<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{3-\delta }\text{O}_{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and superparamagnetic particles with respect to temperature rise and the resulting damaging effects to the tumor.
Association between obstructive sleep apnea severity and endothelial dysfunction in an increased background of cardiovascular burden

The objective of this study is to examine whether increasing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity is associated with worsening endothelial function. The design is a cross‐sectional examination of the baseline assessment of a multi‐centre randomized controlled clinical trial examining the effects of oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy or lifestyle modifications on cardiovascular biomarkers. Participants were recruited from cardiology clinics at four sites. Participants with an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) of 15–50 and known cardio/cerebrovascular disease (CVD) or CVD risk factors were included. OSA severity indices [oxygen desaturation index (ODI), AHI and percentage of sleep time below 90% oxygen saturation (total sleep time <90)] and a measure of endothelium‐mediated vasodilatation [Framingham reactive hyperaemia index (F‐RHI) derived from peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT)] were assessed. The sample included 267 individuals with a mean AHI of 25.0 ± 8.5 SD and mean F‐RHI 0.44 ± 0.38. In adjusted models, the slope of the relationship between ODI and F‐RHI differed above and below an ODI of 24.6 (P = 0.04), such that above an ODI of 24.6 there was a marginally significant decline in the geometric mean of the PAT ratio by 3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0%, 5%; P = 0.05], while below this point, there was a marginally significant incline in the geometric mean of the PAT ratio by 13% (95% CI: 0%, 27%; P = 0.05) per 5‐unit increase in ODI. A similar pattern was observed between AHI and F‐RHI. No relation was noted with total sleep time <90 and F‐RHI. There was evidence of a graded decline in endothelial function in association with higher levels of intermittent hypoxaemia.
Association study of polymorphisms within interleukin‐18 in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and bronchial asthma

Background: Interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) plays an important role in the regulation of TH1 as well as TH2 immunologic responses and thus in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Positive association studies of polymorphisms in IL‐18 with different diseases have underlined the involvement of IL‐18 in the pathogenetics processes. Our interest was to test polymorphisms of IL‐18 for association with a typical TH1‐mediated disease – juvenile idiopathic arthritis – and the TH2‐mediated disease bronchial asthma in Caucasian children.
Subsistence Sector Advancement In The Lewis Model

ABSTRACT:Decades after the publication of his seminal paper, “Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labor,” W. Arthur Lewis’ contributions remain revered, relevant and contentious. Much of the discussion in the literature on Lewis’ work focuses on the transfer of labor from the subsistence sector to the capitalist sector, and the attendant arrival at what has become known as the Lewis Turning Point. As a result, the deeper thrust of Lewis’ paper is ignored and incorrect conclusions drawn about the Lewis model and its implications, especially as regards the subsistence sector, the importance of technology, and economic growth and development. This paper argues that the Lewis model supports the advancement of the subsistence sector for economic development, through technological advancement. Lewis’ seminal paper is clear on this. This important aspect of the Lewis model is not well ventilated in the literature and undermines the broader importance of the model. In fact, technological advancement has been seen by some as a shortcoming of the model as it could stall the transfer of labor from the subsistence sector to the capitalist sector, and in turn hinder the process of reaching the turning point. Using the Cobb-Douglas framework this paper argues against this view and examines technological advancement in all sectors, with specific emphasis on the subsistence sector. In the process, the superficial importance attached to the possible stalling of the labor transfer process is debunked. Indeed, the analytical framework provided by the Cobb-Douglas framework, in addition to Lewis’ description of his model, clearly shows how economic growth, and by extension development, continues in both sectors of the economy as a result of technological advancement. Surely, Lewis was more concerned with increasing the rate of savings, economic growth and development, and income distribution, as opposed to simply the transfer of labor. And what’s more, Lewis clearly did not view the transfer of labor as the sine qua non of economic growth and development. Finally, as regards policy implications, this paper supports the view of the importance of technological advancement in the subsistence sector as essential to sustainable economic growth and development.
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) 1 Carries Two Distinct eIF5-binding Faces Important for Multifactor Assembly and AUG Selection*

Eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 1 is a small protein (12 kDa) governing fidelity in translation initiation. It is recruited to the 40 S subunit in a multifactor complex with Met-\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{tRNA}_{\mathrm{i}}^{\mathrm{Met}}\) \end{document}, eIF2, eIF3, and eIF5 and binds near the P-site. eIF1 release in response to start codon recognition is an important signal to produce an 80 S initiation complex. Although the ribosome-binding face of eIF1 was identified, interfaces to other preinitiation complex components and their relevance to eIF1 function have not been determined. Exploiting the solution structure of yeast eIF1, here we locate the binding site for eIF5 in its N-terminal tail and at a basic/hydrophobic surface area termed KH, distinct from the ribosome-binding face. Genetic and biochemical studies indicate that the eIF1 N-terminal tail plays a stimulatory role in cooperative multifactor assembly. A mutation altering the basic part of eIF1-KH is lethal and shows a dominant phenotype indicating relaxed start codon selection. Cheung et al. recently demonstrated that the alteration of hydrophobic residues of eIF1 disrupts a critical link to the preinitiation complex that suppresses eIF1 release before start codon selection ( Cheung, Y.-N., Maag, D., Mitchell, S. F., Fekete, C. A., Algire, M. A., Takacs, J. E., Shirokikh, N., Pestova, T., Lorsch, J. R., and Hinnebusch, A. (2007) Genes Dev. 21, 1217-1230 ). Interestingly, eIF1-KH includes the altered hydrophobic residues. Thus, eIF5 is an excellent candidate for the direct partner of eIF1-KH that mediates the critical link. The direct interaction at eIF1-KH also places eIF5 near the decoding site of the 40 S subunit.
The effect of hormone treatment on the plastic characteristic of osteoporotic vertebral trabecular bone

Many researchers have investigated the elastic characteristic of trabecular bones by using the microfinite element (Micro-FE) models based on the microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). However, there were few micro-FE models to account for the plastic characteristic of trabecular bones. The present study analyzed the plastic characteristic as well as the elastic characteristic of the trabecular bone and evaluated the effect of specimen size on the plastic characteristic of vertebral trabecular bones. Previous researchers reported that a cubic specimen with side length 6.5 mm was suggested as a standard specimen for the experimental tests of trabecular bones. The present study examined whether the effects of the specimen size on the experimental tests may be also applied to the simulated compression test of trabecular bone specimens and investigated the effect of voxel resolution on the plastic characteristic of micro-FE models. The results illustrate that in the simulated compression test to analyze mechanical characteristics of vertebral trabecular bones, it is recommended to use a cubic specimen with side length 6.5 mm rather than a cubic specimen with side length 4 mm. It is also found that the hormone therapy is likely to be less effective than the amount reported by previous researcher for 2D models.
Regulatory Quality, Financial Integration and Equity Cost of Capital

We study the impact of international financial integration on firm&#8208;level equity cost of capital in the presence of regulatory differences. International financial integration reduces the domestic cost of capital in the presence of well&#8208;defined regulations that make it easier for foreign firms to overcome information asymmetry. We study this relationship for 55 countries for the period 2002 to 2014. Using multilevel mixed estimations, we find a negative relationship between cost of capital and both financial openness and regulatory quality. However, economies with better regulatory quality have a positive relationship between financial openness and cost of capital. Our results inform policy on the cost of higher level of regulations on firms&#8217; equity cost of capital, especially when an economy has a high level of financial openness.
A TEST OF THE FAMA-FRENCH FIVE FACTOR MODEL IN COMPARISON TO THE CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL AT THE LUSAKA SECURITIES EXCHANGE

Purpose: The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is one of the basic models in the security price analysis.Many asset pricing models have been developed to improve the CAPM.Among such models is the latest Fama and French five factor model which is being empirically tested in various stock markets. This study tested the five factor model in comparison to the capital asset pricing model. Testing the Fama and French Five factor model in comparison to the CAPM was important because the CAPM is widely taken to be the basic model in the security price analysis. Methodology: The Fama and French methodology was used to test the data from an emerging market, the Lusaka Securities Exchange. A deductive, quantitative research design and secondary data from the Lusaka Securities Exchange was used. Data was analyzed using multiple regression. Results: The results indicate that the Five Factor model is better than the CAPM in capturing variation in the stock returns. The Adjusted R-squared for the five factor model from all individual portfolio sorting was 0.9, while that for the CAPM was 0.13 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study has contributed to theory in that it has added a voice to the ongoing debt on the suitability of the new Fama and French Five Factor model which is at the cutting hedge in finance theory.Further the study is from developing capital market. Keywords:, CAPM, Stock returns, Fama and French five factor model
P-Glycoprotein—a Clinical Target in Drug-Refractory Epilepsy?

ATP-binding cassette transporters such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp), multidrug resistance-associated protein, and breast cancer resistance protein are known to transport a wide range of substrates and are highly expressed in the capillary endothelial cells that form part of the blood-brain barrier. It is noteworthy that P-glycoprotein has been shown to be up-regulated in animal models of refractory epilepsy, and adding a Pgp inhibitor to treatment regimens has been shown to reverse the drug-resistant phenotype. Limited data have suggested a role for Pgp in epilepsy in humans as well. However, few epilepsy drugs have been shown to be transported by Pgp, leading to controversy over whether Pgp actually plays a role in drug-resistant epilepsy. In this issue of Molecular Pharmacology, Bauer et al. (p. 1444) demonstrate that glutamate can cause localized up-regulation of Pgp via cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and that this phenomenon can be prevented with COX-2 inhibitors. Localized rather than global up-regulation of Pgp may explain some of the difficulty investigators have had in proving a role for Pgp in epilepsy. The results add new support for future clinical trials targeting Pgp expression in drug-refractory epilepsy.
Redetermination of dysprosium trinickel from single-crystal X-ray data

The crystal structure of the title compound, DyNi3, was redetermined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. In comparison with previous studies based on powder X-ray diffraction data [Lemaire & Paccard (1969 ▶). Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr. 92, 9–16; Tsai et al. (1974 ▶). J. Appl. Phys. 45, 3582–3586], the present redetermination revealed refined coordinates and anisotropic displacement parameters for all atoms. The crystal structure of DyNi3 adopts the PuNi3 structure type and can be derived from the CaCu5 structure type as an intergrowth structure. The asymmetric unit contains two Dy sites (site symmetries 3m and -3) and three Ni sites (m, 3m and -3m). The two different coordination polyhedra of Dy are a Frank–Kasper polyhedron formed by four Dy and 12 Ni atoms and a pseudo-Frank–Kasper polyhedron formed by two Dy and 18 Ni atoms. The three different coordination polyhedra of Ni are Frank–Kasper icosahedra formed by five Dy and seven Ni atoms, three Dy and nine Ni atoms, and six Dy and six Ni atoms.
Measurement of kurtosis in renal apparent diffusion coefficient and the limitation of mono-exponential model for quantification

Conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures water diffusion parameters base on a gaussian function. However, water movement in biological tissue is often non-gaussian and the non-gaussian behavior contain useful information related to tissue structure. This study is using the kidney of normal volunteers' image to demonstrate the biexponential model. The kurtosis can denote the extent non-gaussianity of renal diffusion, so we use the many set of b-values to calculate the mean kurtosis image.
Testing the Overreaction Hypothesis in the Mexican Stock Market

The objective of this work is to test the overreaction hypothesis in the Mexican Stock Market for the period of 2002-2015, using monthly data and applying the Cumulative Average Residuals (CAR) methodology via the CAPM model and the three-factor model proposed by Fama and French. The CAR model is applied to test how winner and loser portfolios perform during the period under analysis. Overall, the evidence shows that average CAR for the loser portfolio is 0.706%, whereas CAR for the winner portfolio is 0.364%, and that are statistically different; nevertheless, both portfolios are co-integrated. This research contributes to the financial literature identifying overreaction in the Mexican Stock Market during the period examined.
The Human Synapsin II Gene Promoter

Synapsin II is a neuron-specific phosphoprotein that selectively binds to small synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic nerve terminal. Here we report the cloning and sequencing of the 5′-flanking region of the human synapsin II gene. This sequence is very GC-rich and lacks a TATA or CAAT box. Two major transcriptional start sites were mapped. A hybrid gene consisting of the Escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene under the control of 837 base pairs of the synapsin II 5′-upstream region was transfected into neuronal and non-neuronal cells. While reporter gene expression was low in neuroblastoma and non-neuronal cells, high chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activities were monitored in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. However, there was no correlation between reporter gene expression in the transfected cells and endogenous synapsin II immunoreactivity. Using DNA-protein binding assays we showed that the transcription factors zif268/egr-1, polyoma enhancer activator 3 (PEA3), and AP2 specifically contact the synapsin II promoter DNA in vitro. Moreover, the zif268/egr-1 protein as well as PEA3 were shown to stimulate transcription of a reporter gene containing synapsin II promoter sequences. In the nervous system, zif268/egr-1 functions as a “third messenger” with a potential role in synaptic plasticity. PEA3 is expressed in the brain and its activity is regulated by proteins encoded from non-nuclear oncogenes. We postulate that zif268/egr-1 and PEA3 couple extracellular signals to long-term responses by regulating synapsin II gene expression.
Early DAT is distinguished from aging by high-dimensional mapping of the hippocampus

&NA; Article abstract— Objective To determine the feasibility of using high-dimensional brain mapping (HDBM) to assess the structure of the hippocampus in older human subjects, and to compare measurements of hippocampal volume and shape in subjects with early dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and in healthy elderly and younger control subjects. Background HDBM represents the typical structures of the brain via the construction of templates and addresses their variability by probabilistic transformations applied to the templates. Local application of the transformations throughout the brain (i.e., high dimensionality) makes HDBM especially valuable for defining subtle deformities in brain structures such as the hippocampus. Methods MR scans were obtained in 18 subjects with very mild DAT, 18 healthy elderly subjects, and 15 healthy younger subjects. HDBM was used to obtain estimates of left and right hippocampal volume and eigenvectors that represented the principal dimensions of hippocampal shape differences among the subject groups. Results Hippocampal volume loss and shape deformities observed in subjects with DAT distinguished them from both elderly and younger control subjects. The pattern of hippocampal deformities in subjects with DAT was largely symmetric and suggested damage to the CA1 hippocampal subfield. Hippocampal shape changes were also observed in healthy elderly subjects, which distinguished them from healthy younger subjects. These shape changes occurred in a pattern distinct from the pattern seen in DAT and were not associated with substantial volume loss. Conclusions Assessments of hippocampal volume and shape derived from HDBM may be useful in distinguishing early DAT from healthy aging.
Brownian dynamics simulation of ion flow through porin channels.

Bacterial porins, which allow the passage of solutes across the outer bacterial membrane, are structurally well characterized. They therefore lend themselves to detailed studies of the determinants of ion flow through transmembraneous channels. In a comparative study, we have performed Brownian dynamics simulations to obtain statistically significant transfer efficiencies for cations and anions through matrix porin OmpF, osmoporin OmpK36, phosphoporin PhoE and two OmpF charge mutants. The simulations show that the electrostatic potential at the highly charged channel constriction serves to enhance ion permeability of either cations or anions, dependent on the type of porin. At the same time translocation of counterions is not severely impeded. At the constriction, cations and anions follow distinct trajectories, due to the segregation of basic and acidic protein residues. Simulated ion selectivity and relative conductance agree well with experimental values, and are dependent crucially on the charge constellation at the pore constriction. The experimentally observed decrease in ion selectivity and single channel conductance with increasing ionic strength is well reproduced and can be attributed to electrostatic shielding of the pore lining.