Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Market Timing and Capital Structure: Evidence from Shenzhen Market in China

This paper investigates the market timing hypothesis of capital structure for listed firms in Shenzhen over the 2002- 2007 period. We use yearly timing (YT) in Kayhan and Titman(2007)'s study as a measure of market timing which separates growth opportunities from historical market-to-book ratio (external finance weighted historical market-to-book ratio, EFWAMB). We find capital structure is inversely related to yearly timing, but not significant. The result shows that market timing in Shenzhen market doesn't have a persistent impact on the capital structure. This is inconsistent with Baker and Wurgler(2002)'s conclusion that market timing has a long-lasting effect on capital structure but consistent with Kayhan and Titman(2007) and Bie and Haan(2007)'s conclusions. The reason may be that there is market friction in time and approach aspects while China firms make use of market timing.
Heritability of motor control and motor learning

The aim of this study was to elucidate the relative contribution of genes and environment on individual differences in motor control and acquisition of a force control task, in view of recent association studies showing that several candidate polymorphisms may have an effect on them. Forty‐four healthy female twins performed brisk isometric abductions with their right thumb. Force was recorded by a transducer and fed back to the subject on a computer screen. The task was to place the tracing of the peak force in a force window defined between 30% and 40% of the subject's maximum force, as determined beforehand. The initial level of proficiency was defined as the number of attempts reaching the force window criterion within the first 100 trials. The difference between the number of successful trials within the last and the first 100 trials was taken as a measure of motor learning. For motor control, defined by the initial level of proficiency, the intrapair differences in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins were 6.8 ± 7.8 and 13.8 ± 8.4, and the intrapair correlations 0.77 and 0.39, respectively. Heritability was estimated at 0.68. Likewise for motor learning intrapair differences in the increment of the number of successful trials in MZ and DZ twins were 5.4 ± 5.2 and 12.8 ± 7, and the intrapair correlations 0.58 and 0.19. Heritability reached 0.70. The present findings suggest that heredity accounts for a major part of existing differences in motor control and motor learning, but uncertainty remains which gene polymorphisms may be responsible.
A modified bistatic point target reference spectrum for bistatic highly squint SAR processing

2-D spectrum of bistatic highly squint SAR is skew, which increases the cross coupling of spectrum between range and azimuth. To correct the skew phenomenon brought by highly squint mode of transmitter and receiver, the linear range walk of echo signal is corrected in range frequency and azimuth time domain, then a modified bistatic point target reference spectrum for bistatic highly squint SAR processing is derived using the Method of Stationary Phase. Simulations show that the modified bistatic point target reference spectrum can correct the skew phenomenon of the 2-D spectrum and decrease the degree of coupling between range and azimuth, the good focusing performance of modified spectrum for bistatic highly squint SAR processing is also verified.
Suggestive evidence for a site specific prostate cancer gene on chromosome 1p36

Editor—A report was recently published on the localisation of a chromosome segment at 1p36 which appeared to be linked (two point lod score=4.74) to a large number of families with multiple cases of early onset (mean age at diagnosis of <66 years) prostate cancer (PC) in which a brain tumour had been reported in a first or second degree relative of a PC case.1 This result is consistent with epidemiological evidence suggesting a familial relationship between brain cancer and PC as well as numerous studies of LOH at 1p36 in brain tumours.1 As part of the ACTANE (Anglo/Canadian/Texan/Australian/Norwegian/EU Biomed) familial PC Consortium, we have genotyped 207 multiple case PC families for five 1p36 tetranucleotide repeat polymorphisms, which were used by Gibbs et al ,1 and performed linkage analysis using GENEHUNTER2 with the following genetic map3: D1S1160 - 3.835 cM - D1S1597 - 4.339 cM - D1S407-2.611 cM - GATA29A05 (=D1S3669) - 6.520 cM - D1S552. In addition to our interest in assessing our families for evidence of linkage of prostate and primary brain cancer to this region, we also wanted to determine if any other cancer site(s) might be associated with a susceptibility locus in this region. To this end, the family histories of all cancers were abstracted from the databases of several Consortium members and included in the analysis. Table 1 presents the characteristics of the families; details on how they were ascertained are included in the footnotes. The criteria used for the prostate cancer familial clusters in this study are more relaxed than those suggested by the Hopkins group (referred to as the “Hopkins criteria” in the field). 4 The linkage analysis results of nine prostate-brain cancer families were partitioned according to mean age at diagnosis of PC in the …
Maximally Node Disjoint Congestion Aware Multipath Routing in Wireless Networks for Delay Minimization

Many multipath routing schemes have recently been proposed to improve the performance of wireless networks. Multipath routing is helpful for reducing end-to-end delay, for distributing the load among paths and also for increasing the throughput. However, multipath routing is not always efficient in terms of delay as, mutual interference between multiple paths may degrade the performance of routing scheme. Therefore, selection of proper paths eventually determines the performance of multipath routing. If the different paths under concern are mutually interference free as well as load balanced, then, multipath routing can lead to better performance. It is shown through simulation that multipath routing with less coupling and congestion improves the efficiency of system in terms of endto-end delay and load balancing than single path routing. In this paper, we have proposed interference and also congestion aware routing paths selection algorithm for parallel distribution of data packets in wireless networks. Simulation results show that congestion and interference aware multipath routing improves the network quality of services (QoS). General Terms Connectivity graph, Algorithm, Dijkstra Shortest Path Algorithm.
Vine Trunk Detector for a Reliable Robot Localization System

Develop ground robots for crop monitoring and harvesting in steep slope vineyards is a complex challenge due to two main reasons: harsh condition of the terrain and unstable localization accuracy got from Global Positioning Systems (GPS). For this context, a reliable localization system requires a high density of natural/artificial features and an accurate detector. This paper presents a novel visual detector for Vineyards Trunks and Masts (ViTruDe). The ViTruDe detector was developed considering the constrains of a cost-effective robot to carry-out crop monitoring tasks in steep slope vineyard environment. The obtained results with real data shows an accuracy higher than 95% for all tested configurations. The training and test data are made public for future research work. This approach is a contribution for an accurate and reliable localization system that is GPS-free.
Measuring the Meaning of Political Concepts in Chinese Online Deliberation

meanings? One line of theory is that words have “deduced” from certain rules (Callow, 1998; Stubbs, 2006) which is discussed in the next paragraph “induced” or “constructed” . Following the “inductive” line, , “metaphors”, “topics” and “relations”, which are )
Measuring Students’ Physical Activity Levels: Validating SOFIT for Use with High-School Students

This study was conducted to validate the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT) for measuring physical activity levels of high-school students. Thirty-five students (21 girls and 14 boys from grades 9-12) completed a standardized protocol including lying, sitting, standing, walking, running, curl-ups, and push-ups. Heart rates and Energy Expenditure, that is, oxygen uptake, served as concurrent validity criteria. Results indicate that SOFIT discriminates accurately among high-school students’ sedentary behaviors (i.e., lying down, sitting, standing) and moderate to vigorous physical activity behavior and is recommended for use in research and assessment of physical activity levels in physical education classes for this age group. Implications for use of SOFIT by both researchers and teachers in physical education are described, as well.
Some Detrimental Effects of Negative Mood on Individuals' Ability to Solve Resource Dilemmas

This research examined the effects of induced mood on subjects' problem-solving behavior In an initial study, an experimenter induced one of three emotions (happiness, sadness, or anger) or no emotion in subjects. Shortly thereafter a second experimenter asked each subject to solve a resource dilemma problem. Subjects in the sad and angry mood conditions were less successful (i.e., they were more likely to deplete limited resources, and they achieved less profit) than subjects in the happy or neutral mood condition. Performance of subjects in positive moods did not differ from that of subjects in neutral moods. In a second study, the effect of a sad mood leading to less success than a neutral mood was replicated. The effects observed across the two studies were attributed to a decrease in subjects' ability to delay gratification, found previously to be caused by negative, but not positive, moods.
Changes in either Cytosolic or Nucleoplasmic Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Levels Can Control Nuclear Ca2+ Concentration (*)

The free nucleoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]n) may regulate many nuclear events, such as gene transcription. Since the nucleus may possess the enzymes necessary to generate the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3), and because the nuclear envelope may enclose an Ins(1,4,5)P3-releasable Ca2+ store, we tested the hypothesis that nuclear and/or cytosolic levels of Ins(1,4,5)P3 can control [Ca2+]n. To assay [Ca2+]n, we measured the fluorescence of the Ca2+ indicator fluo 3 in the nucleus of Xenopus oocytes by confocal microscopy. When we injected Ins(1,4,5)P3 into the cytosol, [Ca2+]n increased. This increase in [Ca2+]n still occurred when heparin was present in the nucleus, but was abolished when heparin was present in the cytosol, indicating that cytosolic Ins(1,4,5)P3 levels could control [Ca2+]n. When we injected Ins(1,4,5)P3 directly into the nucleus, [Ca2+]n increased, even when heparin was present in the cytosol, indicating that Ins(1,4,5)P3 could control [Ca2+]n from within the nucleus. These results provide functional evidence for Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors facing the nucleoplasm and raise the possibility that a phosphoinositide cycle situated at the nuclear membranes can control Ca2+-dependent nuclear functions.
Practical and accurate low-level pointer analysis

Pointer analysis is traditionally performed once, early in the compilation process, upon an intermediate representation (IR) with source-code semantics. However, performing pointer analysis only once at this level imposes a phase-ordering constraint, causing alias information to become stale after subsequent code transformations. Moreover, high-level pointer analysis cannot be used at link time or run time, where the source code is unavailable. This paper advocates performing pointer analysis on a low-level intermediate representation. We present the first context-sensitive and partially flow-sensitive points-to analysis designed to operate at the assembly level. As we will demonstrate, low-level pointer analysis can be as accurate as high-level analysis. Additionally, our low-level pointer analysis also enables a quantitative comparison of propagating high-level pointer analysis results through subsequent code transformations, versus recomputing them at the low level. We show that, for C programs, the former practice is considerably less accurate than the latter.
RECORD EXTRACTION USING RECORD SEGMENTATION TREE A

In spite of extensive study of information extraction from web pages, the existing methods fail to extract all the data from the web pages. Also, the existing methods divide the data extraction into two phases, namely, record region detection and record segmentation. In this paper, we proposed a unified method for data extraction from a structured web page. We propose a new search structure Record Segmentation Tree(RST), and few search pruning techniques on RST to make the extraction faster and efficient. This, method can handle more complicated web pages as we have used token based edit distance instead of string or tree edit distances. And, the partial tree alignment method is used to align the extracted data into a more understandable form. Experiments have been conducted on data sets used in different existing methods and our method gives more efficient result than those existing methods.
Who Composes the Music?: Musicality Evaluation for Algorithmic Composition via Electroencephalography

It is very challenging to evaluate the creative work of artificial intelligence, such as algorithmic composition. Due to the nature of creativity, most existing criteria of music analysis, for example, similarity of the data, cannot be used directly to measure the quality of a new piece of music composed by computer. Subjective evaluation based on questionnaire lacks quantitative evaluation with solid evidence. To address these difficulties, this paper proposes a novel computational model combined with a novel psychological paradigm. Utilizing brain imaging techniques, the proposed evaluation method can provide reliable musicality score for machine-composed music.
The Cubic Regression Model for Merging Results from Multiple Text Databases

In a distributed information retrieval system, how to merge results from different text databases is an important issue, since it affects the effectiveness of the result considerably. In many cases, the underlining systems only provide a ranked list of documents for any information need. In this paper, we investigate the relation between rank and relevance in resultant document lists, and find that the cubic model is a good option for this. Extensive experimentation is conducted to evaluate the performance of the cubic model for results merging. The experimental results demonstrate that the cubic model is better than the logistic model, which was suggested by a previous research.
Cheetah: An Economical Distributed RAM Drive

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ARGO and the MilleMiglia in Automatico Tour

The paper discusses the ARGO car which incorporates a system that detects obstacles and lane markings in real time and autonomously steers the vehicle. It is a passenger car with a vision-based system for extracting road and environmental information from the acquired images, using different output devices to test the automatic features. ARGO integrates the main results of research on algorithms and architectures for vision-based automatic road vehicle guidance.
Adaptive rate allocation in a joint source/channel coding framework for wireless channels

We propose an adaptive rate allocation scheme to choose the rates of the source coder and channel coder pair optimally. We express the end-to-end expected distortion in terms of the source coder distortion and the channel distortion. Also, we propose a modified Gilbert (1960) noise channel to model the combination of channel encoder, channel, and channel decoder. Based on our new model, we estimate the channel distortion and select the best source coder and channel coder pair to encode and transmit the source. Simulation results show the optimality of the rate allocation scheme and the advantage of the adaptation.
Duration Modeling by Multi-Models based on Vowel Production characteristics

An accurate estimation of segmental durations is needed for natural sounding text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis. This paper propose multi-models based on production aspects of vowels. In this work four multi-models are developed based on vowel length, vowel height, vowel front-ness and vowel roundness. In each multi-model, syllables are divided into groups based on speciﬁc vowel articulation characteristics. In this study, (i) linguistic constraints represented by positional, contextual and phonological features and (ii) production constraints represented by articulatory features are used for predicting duration patterns. Feed-forward Neural Networks are used for developing duration models. From the results, it was observed that the average prediction error is reduced by 23.21% and correlation coefﬁcient is improved by 9.64% using multi-model developed based on vowel length production characteristics, compared to single duration model.
Coding of position by simultaneously recorded sensory neurones in the cat dorsal root ganglion

Muscle, cutaneous and joint afferents continuously signal information about the position and movement of individual joints. How does the nervous system extract more global information, for example about the position of the foot in space? To study this question we used microelectrode arrays to record impulses simultaneously from up to 100 discriminable nerve cells in the L6 and L7 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the anaesthetized cat. When the hindlimb was displaced passively with a random trajectory, the firing rate of the neurones could be predicted from a linear sum of positions and velocities in Cartesian (x, y), polar or joint angular coordinates. The process could also be reversed to predict the kinematics of the limb from the firing rates of the neurones with an accuracy of 1–2 cm. Predictions of position and velocity could be combined to give an improved fit to limb position. Decoders trained using random movements successfully predicted cyclic movements and movements in which the limb was displaced from a central point to various positions in the periphery. A small number of highly informative neurones (6–8) could account for over 80% of the variance in position and a similar result was obtained in a realistic limb model. In conclusion, this work illustrates how populations of sensory receptors may encode a sense of limb position and how the firing of even a small number of neurones can be used to decode the position of the limb in space.
Post-Transcriptional Suppression of Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase Expression during Pathogen-Induced Programmed Cell Death in Tobacco

As a means to eliminate pathogen-infected cells and prevent diseases, programmed cell death (PCD) appears to be a defense strategy employed by most multicellular organisms. Recent studies have indicated that reactive oxygen species, such as O 2 ⋅ − and H2O2, play a central role in the activation and propagation of pathogen-induced PCD in plants. However, plants contain several mechanisms that detoxify O 2 ⋅ − and H2O2 and may inhibit PCD. We found that during viral-induced PCD in tobacco, the expression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (cAPX), a key H2O2 detoxifying enzyme, is post-transcriptionally suppressed. Thus, although the steady state level of transcripts encoding cAPX was induced during PCD, as expected under conditions of elevated H2O2, the level of the cAPX protein declined. In vivo protein labeling, followed by immunoprecipitation, indicated that the synthesis of the cAPX protein was inhibited. Although transcripts encoding cAPX were found to associate with polysomes during PCD, no cAPX protein was detected after in vitro polysome run-off assays. Our findings suggest that viral-induced PCD in tobacco is accompanied by the suppression of cAPX expression, possibly at the level of translation elongation. This suppression is likely to contribute to a reduction in the capability of cells to scavenge H2O2, which in turn enables the accumulation of H2O2 and the acceleration of PCD.
Validity of simplified protocols to estimate glomerular filtration rate using iohexol clearance

Background: Iohexol clearance is an accurate and precise exogenous marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), but protocols are generally lengthy or require multiple sampling. Shorter or simpler protocols would be more practicable. Methods: Two clearance estimates, two weeks apart, were undertaken in 11 healthy individuals and 26 diabetic patients with minimal to moderate renal impairment (chronic kidney disease stages 1-3). Blood specimens withdrawn at 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 min post-iohexol were analysed for iohexol. Results: Visit 1 demonstrated excellent correlation with visit 2 (slope 1.00, confidence interval [CI] 0.88 to 1.13, intercept 0.94 mL/min/1.73 m2, CI -9.9 to 11.8, P=0.43). The within-individual coefficient of variation (CV) of the 240 min reference method was 5.4% at a mean GFR of 84.1 mL/min/1.73 m2. Single point estimates between 120 and 240 min had CVs of 4.5-7.0%, and did not differ from the reference method CV by more than 2.0 mL/min/1.73 m2. Two and three point estimates in the interval 60-120 min post iohexol injection offered no advantages over these single-point estimates and overestimated at lower GFRs. Conclusions: An iohexol clearance estimate of GFR derived from a single sample taken between 2 to 4 h after infusion may provide a suitable tool for routine clinical use.
Impact of Consumer Inertia on Purchase Intention under the Influence of Subjective Product Knowledge

The research aimed to explore the relationship between consumer inertia and purchase intention through subjective product knowledge. Consumer inertia and purchase intention were analyzed as independent and dependent variables respectively whereas subjective product knowledge was observed as a moderator. This research was quantitative in nature. Data were collected from smartphone users through questionnaire. Convenient sampling technique was used to conduct the survey. Hierarchical regression analysis was applied to test the hypotheses. The results showed that there was a positive relationship between consumer inertia and purchase intention and through moderating role of subjective product knowledge it became stronger. Findings of this research suggested the subjective product knowledge as a good moderator of purchase intention. Additionally, subjective product knowledge was included as a moderator between the relationship of consumer inertia and purchase intention.