Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Role Engineering Tool for Role-Based Access Control

Like every requirements engineering process, the process of role engineering for role-based access control depends significantly on human factors. For this reason, many elements of the process cannot be automated (or at most partially). Nevertheless, tool support is necessary to cope with the complexity of the process and to efficiently handle the different interrelated artifacts used and produced during the role engineering process. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of the XORET software tool which provides tool support for the scenario-driven role-engineering process. Furthermore, XORET is capable to produce a policy rule set that can be imported by the XORBAC access control service.
Unconscious Fantasy and The Priming Phenomenon

This paper is the third in a series of investigations into (1) the nature and development of unconscious fantasy, (2) its place in a contemporary model of mind that, parenthetically, suggests a possible solution to the problem of theoretical pluralism, and (3) its mode of operation in the mind. The aim of these investigations is to update the notion of unconscious fantasy, an indispensable construct in psychoanalytic theories that assume out-of-awareness mentation, and to situate that construct within contemporary views of mental functioning in disciplines such as philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and developmental psychology. At the same time, data accessible only through psychoanalytic work challenge these fields with findings that indicate the need for further investigation. This paper argues that experimental evidence on the phenomenon of “priming” lends support to one of the seminal claims in our field, one frequently attacked as an outmoded shibboleth: that is, that the past matters, whether encoded in declarative or in procedural memory. In common parlance, we are “primed” to respond to some situations in predetermined ways; the past primes us to experience the present in often unique and personal ways. There is evidence too that the priming mechanism and the encoding of subjective experience in declarative and procedural memory operate from very early in life.
Towards probabilistic synchronisation of local controllers

ABSTRACT The traditional use of global and centralised control methods fails for large, complex, noisy and highly connected systems, which typify many real-world industrial and commercial systems. This paper provides an efficient bottom-up design of distributed control in which many simple components communicate and cooperate to achieve a joint system goal. Each component acts individually so as to maximise personal utility whilst obtaining probabilistic information on the global system merely through local message-passing. This leads to an implied scalable and collective control strategy for complex dynamical systems, without the problems of global centralised control. Robustness is addressed by employing a fully probabilistic design, which can cope with inherent uncertainties, can be implemented adaptively and opens a systematic rich way to information sharing. This paper opens the foreseen direction and inspects the proposed design on a linearised version of coupled map lattice with spatio-temporal chaos. A version close to linear quadratic design gives an initial insight into possible behaviours of such networks.
Immunological and clinical effects of post-transplant G-CSF versus placebo in T-cell replete allogeneic blood transplant patients: results from a randomized double-blind study.

BACKGROUND Immunological and clinical effects of post-transplant growth factor administration have not been well studied. This report describes the outcome and immune functions of a total of 50 HLA-matched related donor allogeneic blood stem-cell transplantation patients who received post-transplant G-CSF (10 microg/kg) or placebo. METHODS Immune status, including number of lymphocyte subsets and their functions, and serum immunoglobulin levels and clinical status--including GvHD, rate of relapse, event-free survival, and overall survival--were determined in the patients enrolled in this study. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients survived 1 year after transplant, and 15 patients had available results to compare immune function by randomization assignment. At 12 months post-transplant, immune parameters in G-CSF versus placebo groups showed no statistically significant differences in number of circulating lymphocyte subsets CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and CD56 in the two groups. There was no significant (NS) difference in immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM levels, NK or LAK cell-mediated cytotoxicity levels, and mitogen-induced proliferation between post-transplant G-CSF and placebo group. In addition, the analyses of immune parameters at earlier time-points on Days 28, 100, 180, and 270 revealed that, except for LAK cytotoxicity at Day 100, there was no differences between the two groups. Fourteen of 26 patients are alive in the G-CSF arm and nine of 24 in the placebo arm. Median follow-up of surviving patients is 43 months. Four year overall and event-free survival in the G-CSF and the placebo group were 53% and 35% (NS), and 44% and 36% (NS) respectively. Bacterial or fungal infections were the cause of six of 12 deaths in the G-CSF arm (all bacterial) and of four of 15 deaths in the placebo arm (two deaths from Aspergillus) (P=0.26). Two patients relapsed in the G-CSF arm and three in the placebo arm. Four year cumulative incidences of relapse were 8% versus 13% in G-CSF versus placebo arms, respectively, (NS). Chronic GvHD developed in 14 of 19 100-day survivors after G-CSF (11 extensive stage), and in 17 of 20 (14 extensive stage) in the placebo arm. The 4-year cumulative incidence of chronic GvHD was 56% [95% confidence interval (CI) 24-88%] after G-CSF and 71% (95% CI 48-94%) after placebo; this difference was not statistically significant (log rank P=0.41). CONCLUSION In summary, there were no significant immunological or alterations in clinical benefit of post-transplant G-CSF administration in T-replete allotransplant recipients.
For Personal Use. Only Reproduce with Permission from the Lancet Publishing Group. the Nature of Clinical Knowledge the Art and Science of Clinical Knowledge: Evidence beyond Measures and Numbers Qualitative Research Series

397 ". to focus on the validity and precision of all our information sources—research based or otherwise—is essential if physicians are to apply their knowledge efficiently and effectively. " 1 Medical doctors believe that their field is founded on scientific knowledge; 2 where knowledge is defined as facts that can be empirically verified by the biomedical method. The quantitative research paradigm of medicine represents, however, a confined access to clinical knowledge, since it incorporates only questions and phenomena that can be controlled, measured, counted, and analysed by statistical methods. In the first of two articles, I shall consider the nature of clinical knowledge in medicine, expose some of the shortcomings of traditional medical research methods, and finally introduce qualitative research methods as an approach to increase our understanding of medicine. My focus is on dilemmas related to the interpretation of evidence from tacit medical knowing. I do not, however, aim to provide an authoritative review of current debates about the role and scope of qualitative research in medicine. In my second article, I will discuss scientific quality within this field. I will address specific dilemmas when qualitative research methods are applied in medicine, and subsequently propose standards for qualitative inquiry. Clinical practice might be an expression of systematic and critical assessment, continuous experimentation, and subsequent revision of knowledge in which informal norms and implicit algorithms are available for deliberation. 3 Yet, although the ideas of the critical clinical school and evidence-based medicine are widely accepted, controlled experiments are rarely the sole basis on which clinical decisions are made. 4,5 When knowledge is applied to the individual patient, the logic of affirmation often overrules the scientific logic of refutation. 6 The experienced clinician realises that differences between actual everyday practice and accepted standards often arise. 3 Clinical practice is, at its worst, a private enterprise, shut off from outside assessment, where pitfalls and fallacies are reproduced by dangerous and irrational subjectivism. We know, for example, that stereotyping related to sex, occupation, and social class subtly affects strategies for diagnosis and treatment. 7 The tacit knowing held and applied by proficient practitioners, however, represents a valuable form of clinical knowledge, which has been acquired through experience, and which should be investigated, shared, and contested. 8–10 The task of the physician is twofold: to understand the patient and to understand the disease. 11 According to Levenstein and colleagues, 11 there is …
A multi-chip implementation of cortical orientation hypercolumns

This paper describes a neuromorphic implementation of the orientation hypercolumns found in the mammalian primary visual cortex. A hypercolumn contains a group of neurons that respond to the same retinal location, but with different orientation preferences. The system consists of a single silicon retina feeding multiple orientation selective chips, each of which contains neurons tuned to the same orientation, but with different receptive field centers and spatial phases. All chips operate in continuous time, and communicate with each other using spikes transmitted by the asynchronous digital address event representation communication protocol. This enables us to implement recurrent interactions between neurons within one hypercolumn, even though they are located on different chips. We demonstrate this by measuring shifts in orientation selectivity due to changes in the feedback.
An approximate analysis of waiting time in multi-class M/G/1/./EDF queues

The Earliest-Deadline-First (EDF) queueing discipline is being more and more widely used for handling time-sensitive applications in computer systems and networks. In this paper, we consider an arbitrary number of traffic classes with class-specific soft-deadline. A soft-deadline is a target waiting-time limit that can be missed. EDF queueing has been proved to minimize the maximum delay overflow related to this limit. We propose a quantitative analysis, through the metric of mean waiting time, on the behavior of EDF queueing. This analysis gives also insight on the correlation between traffic classes with different time-constraints. Technically speaking, we have proven that the mean waiting times for an arbitrary set of N classes of traffic streams with soft deadlines are the unique solution of a system of non-linear equations under the constraint of the Kleinrock's conservation law. We then provide an O (N2) algorithm to get the solution. Simulation suggests that the theoretical approximation we made is quite acceptable.
Effects of Related Term Extraction in Transliteration into Chinese

To transliterate foreign words, in Japanese and Korean, phonograms, such as Katakana and Hangul, are used. In Chinese, the pronunciation of a source word is spelled out using Kanji characters. Because Kanji is ideogrammatic representation, different Kanji characters are associated with the same pronunciation, but can potentially convey different meanings and impressions. To select appropriate Kanji characters, an existing method requests the user to provide one or more related terms for a source word, which is time-consuming and expensive. In this paper, to reduce this human effort, we use the World Wide Web to extract related terms for source words. We show the effectiveness of our method experimentally.
Instant foodie: predicting expert ratings from grassroots

Consumer review sites and recommender systems typically rely on a large volume of user-contributed ratings, which makes rating acquisition an essential component in the design of such systems. User ratings are then summarized to provide an aggregate score representing a popular evaluation of an item. An inherent problem in such summarization is potential bias due to raters self-selection and heterogeneity in terms of experience, tastes and rating scale interpretation. There are two major approaches to collecting ratings, which have different advantages and disadvantages. One is to allow a large number of volunteers to choose and rate items directly (a method employed by e.g. Yelp and Google Places). Alternatively, a panel of raters may be maintained and invited to rate a predefined set of items at regular intervals (such as in Zagat Survey). The latter approach arguably results in more consistent reviews and reduced selection bias, however, at the expense of much smaller coverage (fewer rated items). In this paper, we examine the two different approaches to collecting user ratings of restaurants and explore the question of whether it is possible to reconcile them. Specifically, we study the problem of inferring the more calibrated Zagat Survey ratings (which we dub 'expert ratings') from the user-generated ratings ('grassroots') in Google Places. To that effect, we employ latent factor models and provide a probabilistic treatment of the ordinal rankings. We can predict Zagat Survey ratings accurately from ad hoc user-generated ratings by joint optimization on two datasets. We analyze the resulting model, and find that users become more discerning as they submit more ratings. We also describe an approach towards cross-city recommendations, answering questions such as 'What is the equivalent of the Per Se restaurant in Chicago'?
Semi-supervised noise dictionary adaptation for exemplar-based noise robust speech recognition

The exemplar-based approaches, which model signals as a sparse linear combination of exemplars of signals, are proved to have state-of-the-art performance in noise robust ASR, especially on low SNRs. However, since both the speech exemplars and noise exemplars are built from training data and are fixed throughout the process of enhancing speech features, the conventional approach is especially weak for unknown types of noise. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a semi-supervised approach which automatically adapt noise exemplars to the target noise, while keeping the speech exemplars fixed. Continuous digits recognition experiments show that this approach is much more robust for unknown noise. The recognition errors are reduced by 36.2%.
A review of deterministic error scores and normalization techniques for power forecasting algorithms

The evaluation of the performance of forecasting algorithms in the area of power forecasting of regenerative power plants is the basis for model comparison. There are a multitude of different forms of evaluation scores, which, however, do not seem to be universally applied. In this article, we want to broaden the understanding for the function and relationship of different error scores in the area of deterministic error scores. A categorization by normalization technique is introduced, which simplifies the process of choosing the appropriate error score for an application. A number of popular error scores are investigated in a case study which details the development of error scores given different forms of error distributions. Furthermore, the behavior of different error scores on a real-world wind farm data set is analyzed. A correlation analysis between the evaluated scores gives insights on how these scores relate to each other. Properties and notes on the applicability of the presented scores are detailed in a discussion. Finally, an outlook on future work in the area of probabilistic error scores is given.
A model of the dynamics of retinal activity during natural visual fixation

During visual fixation, small eye movements keep the retinal image continuously in motion. It is known that neurons in the visual system are sensitive to the spatiotemporal modulations of luminance resulting from this motion. In this study, we examined the influence of fixational eye movements on the statistics of neural activity in the macaque's retina during the brief intersaccadic periods of natural visual fixation. The responses of parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) ganglion cells in different regions of the visual field were modeled while their receptive fields scanned natural images following recorded traces of eye movements. Immediately after the onset of fixation, wide ensembles of coactive ganglion cells extended over several degrees of visual angle, both in the central and peripheral regions of the visual field. Following this initial pattern of activity, the covariance between the responses of pairs of P and M cells and the correlation between the responses of pairs of M cells dropped drastically during the course of fixation. Cell responses were completely uncorrelated by the end of a typical 300-ms fixation. This dynamic spatial decorrelation of retinal activity is a robust phenomenon independent of the specifics of the model. We show that it originates from the interaction of three factors: the statistics of natural scenes, the small amplitudes of fixational eye movements, and the temporal sensitivities of ganglion cells. These results support the hypothesis that fixational eye movements, by shaping the statistics of retinal activity, are an integral component of early visual representations.
Boosting nested cascade detector for multi-view face detection

A novel nested cascade detector for multi-view face detection is presented. This nested cascade is learned by Schapire and Singer's to improved boosting algorithms that use real-valued confidence-rated weak classifiers (Schapire, R. E. and Singer, Y, 1999), where we use confidence-rated look-up-table (LUT) weak classifiers based on Haar features. Experiments show the system performance is significantly improved compared with previous methods.
An abstraction framework for flow mobility in multi-technology 5G environments using virtualization and SDN

The increasing number of mobile devices exploring wireless data through different technologies has been developing the potential for interoperability scenarios in mobile operators. However, each technology operates distinctively, creating a complex integration challenge. As such, 5G research has been exploring different concepts for bringing more dynamic and flexible network operation. Mechanisms such as Software Defined Networking (SDN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and the integration of network procedures in the cloud allow operators to efficiently address new operational scenarios. In our proposal, we define a framework where mobility management procedures are abstractedly handled, by virtualizing network entities such as access points and mobile devices. These virtual representations enhance the capabilities of their physical counterparts, and couple the necessary logic allowing them to interoperate or be controlled by network control processes, independently of the access technologies. We have implemented a proof-of-concept where such principles are deployed in a multiinterface wireless environment, exploring both make-beforebreak and break-before-make mobility scenarios.
Thermal Conductivity Dependence of Mgo Thermal Insulation on Porosity in Temperature Range 500 – 2000 K

Thermal conductivity of MgO (magnesia) foam thermal insulation with porosity 0.49-0.81 have been measured by the non-steady plane flow method in the temperature range of 500-2000 K at atmospheric pressure. We have demonstrated a significant influence of porosity on the apparent thermal conductivity of MgO insulating materials in the temperature range 500-1500 K. Materials with porosities exceeding 0.75, have relatively low radiation attenuation coefficients. This results in a relatively large contribution to the radiative component of the apparent thermal conductivity. For such materials this property measured at temperatures above 1700 K weakly depends on porosity. The measured apparent thermal conductivities are analyzed on the basis of a theoretical model, accounting for total material porosity and particle size distribution. We discuss the suitability of the data on particle and pore size distributions, measurable by various experimental methods, for calculation of the apparent thermal conductivity.
Polymeric and Lipid Membranes—From Spheres to Flat Membranes and vice versa

Membranes are important components in a number of systems, where separation and control of the flow of molecules is desirable. Controllable membranes represent an even more coveted and desirable entity and their development is considered to be the next step of development. Typically, membranes are considered on flat surfaces, but spherical capsules possess a perfect “infinite” or fully suspended membranes. Similarities and transitions between spherical and flat membranes are discussed, while applications of membranes are also emphasized.
Further Studies on the Softening of Rigid PVC by Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents.

Abstract : In this study, small pieces of PVC well casing were exposed to relatively low activities (or relative solubilities) of TCE and methylene chloride for 12 months. PVC pieces were also exposed to aqueous solutions containing several organic chemicals that were either solvents or swelling agents of PVC. In addition, small pieces of PVC were exposed to aqueous solutions containing organic chemicals that were either PVC solvents or swelling agents and were totally miscible in water. These studies revealed that there is an interactive effect among these chemicals when dissolved in water. However, softening does not appear to occur in any solutions where the sum of the relative solubilities is less than 0.1.
Towards a Dependency-Oriented Evaluation for Partial Parsing

Quantitative evaluation of parsers has traditionally centered around the PARSEVAL measures of crossing brackets, (labeled) precision, and (labeled) recall. However, it is well known that these measures do not give an accurate picture of the quality of the parser’s output. Furthermore, we will show that they are especially unsuited for partial parsers. In recent years, research has concentrated on dependencybased evaluation measures. We will show in this paper that such a dependency-based evaluation scheme is particularly suitable for partial parsers. TuBa-D, the treebank used here for evaluation, contains all the necessary dependency information so that the conversion of trees into a dependency structure does not have to rely on heuristics. Therefore, the dependency representations are not only reliable, they are also linguistically motivated and can be used for linguistic purposes.
The activation of IgM- or isotype-switched IgG- and IgE-BCR exhibits distinct mechanical force sensitivity and threshold

B lymphocytes use B cell receptors (BCRs) to sense the physical features of the antigens. However, the sensitivity and threshold for the activation of BCRs resulting from the stimulation by mechanical forces are unknown. Here, we addressed this question using a double-stranded DNA-based tension gauge tether system serving as a predefined mechanical force gauge ranging from 12 to 56 pN. We observed that IgM-BCR activation is dependent on mechanical forces and exhibits a multi-threshold effect. In contrast, the activation of isotype-switched IgG- or IgE-BCR only requires a low threshold of less than 12 pN, providing an explanation for their rapid activation in response to antigen stimulation. Mechanistically, we found that the cytoplasmic tail of the IgG-BCR heavy chain is both required and sufficient to account for the low mechanical force threshold. These results defined the mechanical force sensitivity and threshold that are required to activate different isotyped BCRs. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.06925. 001