Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Initialism disambiguation: Man versus machine

Disambiguation of ambiguous initialisms and acronyms is critical to the proper understanding of various types of texts. A model that attempts to solve this has previously been presented. This model contained various baseline features, including contextual relationship features, statistical features, and language‐specific features. The domain of Jewish law documents written in Hebrew and Aramaic is known to be rich in ambiguous abbreviations and therefore this model was implemented and applied over 2 separate corpuses within this domain. Several common machine‐learning (ML) methods were tested with the intent of finding a successful integration of the baseline feature variants. When the features were evaluated individually, the best averaged results were achieved by a library for support vector machines (LIBSVM); 98.07% of the ambiguous abbreviations, which were researched in the domain, were disambiguated correctly. When all the features were evaluated together, the J48 ML method achieved the best result, with 96.95% accuracy. In this paper, we examine the system's degree of success and the degree of its professionalism by conducting a comparison between this system's results and the results achieved by 39 participants, highly fluent in the research domain. Despite the fact that all the participants had backgrounds in religious scriptures and continue to study these texts, the system's accuracy rate, 98.07%, was significantly higher than the average accuracy result of the participants, 91.65%. Further analysis of the results for each corpus implies that participants overcomplicate the required task, as well as exclude vital information needed to properly examine the context of a given initialism.
Deletion of P1 Arginine in a Novel Antithrombin Variant (Antithrombin London) Abolishes Inhibitory Activity but Enhances Heparin Affinity and Is Associated with Early Onset Thrombosis*

A novel variant of antithrombin, the major serpin inhibitor of coagulation proteases, has been identified in a patient with early onset thrombosis and abnormal plasma antithrombin activity. Sequencing of the antithrombin genes of the patient revealed that one of the two alleles was abnormal due to an in-frame deletion of the codon for the P1 arginine residue. The abnormal antithrombin was separated from the normal inhibitor by complexing the latter with thrombin followed by heparin-agarose affinity chromatography. The purified variant, antithrombin London, was completely inactive as a thrombin or factor Xa inhibitor even after heparin activation. Surprisingly, the variant bound heparin with a K D reflecting an ∼10-fold greater affinity than the normal inhibitor. Stopped-flow kinetic analysis showed that this was almost entirely due to a more favorable conformational activation of the variant than the normal inhibitor, as reflected by a decreased rate constant for reversal of the activation. Consistent with its higher than normal heparin affinity, the inactive antithrombin variant was a potent competitive antagonist of the heparin-catalyzed reaction of normal antithrombin with thrombin but did not affect the uncatalyzed reaction. These results suggest that deletion of the antithrombin P1 residue partially activates the serpin by inducing strain in the reactive center loop, which destabilizes the native loop-buried state and favors the activated loop-exposed state with high heparin affinity. The unusually severe thrombosis associated with the heterozygous mutation may be explained by the ability of antithrombin London to bind endogenous heparan sulfate or heparin molecules with high affinity and to thereby block activation of the normal inhibitor.
Leadership in organisational change: Rules for successful hiring in interim management

Abstract It is not sufficient for managers who hire an interim manager to do no more than choose ‘the right person for the job’ for their change projects. Too many change processes fail and that's not only due to what the interim managers do. The hiring managers themselves can do more to create success. They have many more possibilities than only in the selection phase. This article discusses a number of rules or action repertoire for this purpose. This repertoire is based on a study into the factors of success and failure for interim management in projects of organisational change. We suggest that hiring managers should focus their attention on the cooperation of all stakeholders. They might take a pioneering role in the professionalisation of all persons involved in the organisational change.
Updated flux calibration and fringe modelling for the ACS/WFC G800L grism

A revised flux calibration is presented for the G800L grism with the ACS Wide Field Channel. The calibrations were derived from observations of the HST standard star G191B2B and cross-checked with observations of the standard star GD153. The absolute flux calibration of the 1 st order is accurate to better than 2% for wavelengths from 6000 to 9500 A at the spatial positions covered in this ISR. The updated flux calibration file shows differences of less than 5% to the previous one and is made available to users as configuration files for the aXe software package. Furthermore, the spectral resolving power for point sources observed with the G800L grism (1 st order) was measured to be 100±20 A (FWHM) at 6563 A. The flux calibration of other orders, which are currently not used for scientific purposes, is also updated. In an investigation of the fringing properties of the WFC CCDs the contribution of fringing to the total error of the flux calibration is examined. Using a Gaussian model of 100 A (FWHM) for the relative distribution of light falling onto a given CCD pixel (the so called pixel throughput function), we demonstrate that the error due to fringing amounts to less than 0.1% for continuum sources and can therefore be neglected. For narrow emission lines fringing can cause in principle line flux variations of 12% and more. For more realistic scenarios as in the case of emission lines in a Wolf Rayet star we measure variations of order 4%.
Ribosome Display of Combinatorial Antibody Libraries Derived from Mice Immunized with Heat-Killed Xylella fastidiosa and the Selection of MopB-Specific Single-Chain Antibodies

ABSTRACT Pierce's disease is a devastating lethal disease of Vitus vinifera grapevines caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. There is no cure for Pierce's disease, and control is achieved predominantly by suppressing transmission of the glassy-winged sharpshooter insect vector. We present a simple robust approach for the generation of panels of recombinant single-chain antibodies against the surface-exposed elements of X. fastidiosa that may have potential use in diagnosis and/or disease transmission blocking studies. In vitro combinatorial antibody ribosome display libraries were assembled from immunoglobulin transcripts rescued from the spleens of mice immunized with heat-killed X. fastidiosa. The libraries were used in a single round of selection against an outer membrane protein, MopB, resulting in the isolation of a panel of recombinant antibodies. The potential use of selected anti-MopB antibodies was demonstrated by the successful application of the 4XfMopB3 antibody in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a Western blot assay, and an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). These immortalized in vitro recombinant single-chain antibody libraries generated against heat-killed X. fastidiosa are a resource for the Pierce's disease research community that may be readily accessed for the isolation of antibodies against a plethora of X. fastidiosa surface-exposed antigenic molecules.
Effects of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention for Children Victims of Sexual Abuse

This study evaluated the effects of a group intervention for child (6–12 years old) victims of sexual abuse. A sample of 51 children involved in a group psychoeducational intervention offered by a community center were contrasted to a sample of 39 children from a comparison group. Participants in the group intervention reported fewer anxiety and posttraumatic symptoms and relied less on avoidance coping to deal with the sexual abuse than children in the comparison group. The intervention was associated with fewer parent-reported behavior problems. Marginal effects were highlighted for depression and dissociation. Gender of the child, age group, and the type of abuse were not linked to outcomes. Children dropping out of treatment were perceived by parents as presenting higher behavioral problems at initial evaluation and were more likely to live in foster families.
Linking Screening for Emotional and Behavioral Problems to Problem-Solving Efforts: An Adaptive Model of Behavioral Assessment

This paper addresses several objectives of the special issue on universal screening by addressing gaps in the current research base concerning universal screening for mental, emotional, and behavioral health and by providing a framework for addressing the limitations of extant approaches. Specifically, an adaptive model of behavioral assessment (AMBA) is proposed as a conceptual framework for linking screening and progress monitoring and designing tier 2 interventions.
Articulated Pose Estimation Using Discriminative Armlet Classifiers

We propose a novel approach for human pose estimation in real-world cluttered scenes, and focus on the challenging problem of predicting the pose of both arms for each person in the image. For this purpose, we build on the notion of poselets [4] and train highly discriminative classifiers to differentiate among arm configurations, which we call armlets. We propose a rich representation which, in addition to standard HOG features, integrates the information of strong contours, skin color and contextual cues in a principled manner. Unlike existing methods, we evaluate our approach on a large subset of images from the PASCAL VOC detection dataset, where critical visual phenomena, such as occlusion, truncation, multiple instances and clutter are the norm. Our approach outperforms Yang and Ramanan [26], the state-of-the-art technique, with an improvement from 29.0% to 37.5% PCP accuracy on the arm keypoint prediction task, on this new pose estimation dataset.
Virtual learning and inter‐professional education: developing computer‐mediated communication for learning about collaboration

For at least a decade inter‐professional education for health and social care professionals has been seen as a valuable means of improving collaboration in practice. Currently, advances in technology are influencing communication between these professional groups and simultaneously changing the delivery of educational programmes. This paper presents a pedagogic rationale for using computermediated communication to enhance learning about inter‐professional collaboration and reports some key issues arising from the development of such a learning project with a group of postgraduate students from a variety of health and social care agencies.
Severidad del trauma, optimismo, crecimiento postraumático y bienestar en sobrevivientes de un desastre natural

El proposito del estudio fue evaluar, en una poblacion afectada por un desastre natural, la relacion de algunas variables sociales y psicologicas con el bienestar psicologico y el crecimiento postraumatico. Se obtuvo una muestra de 446 personas de la provincia de Concepcion (Chile), afectadas por el terremoto del 27/F del 2010. Se emplearon el Inventario de Crecimiento Postraumatico (PTGI), el Cuestionario de Orientacion Vital (LOT-R) y la Flourishing Scale. Se analizo la relacion entre severidad objetiva del evento (perdida material, dano fisico en alguien cercano y dano fisico personal), severidad subjetiva del evento (considerar el evento como traumatico o que altero sus vidas) y optimismo disposicional, observandose que la interaccion del optimismo con la severidad subjetiva u objetiva aporta significativamente en la prediccion del bienestar y el crecimiento, moderando el impacto de dichas variables. Ademas, se evaluaron diferencias por sexo, edad y nivel socioeconomico. Se determino la influencia relativa del nivel socioeconomico sobre el crecimiento postraumatico. Este estudio resalta la importancia de las condiciones sociales sobre los efectos psicologicos de los desastres naturales y la importancia del optimismo para amortiguar dichos efectos.
The Relationship between Tsallis Statistics, the Fourier Transform, and Nonlinear Coupling

Tsallis statistics (or q-statistics) in nonextensive statistical mechanics is a one-parameter description of correlated states. In this paper we use a translated entropic index: $1 - q \to q$ . The essence of this translation is to improve the mathematical symmetry of the q-algebra and make q directly proportional to the nonlinear coupling. A conjugate transformation is defined $\hat q \equiv \frac{{- 2q}}{{2 + q}}$ which provides a dual mapping between the heavy-tail q-Gaussian distributions, whose translated q parameter is between $ - 2 < q < 0$, and the compact-support q-Gaussians, between $0 < q < \infty $ . This conjugate transformation is used to extend the definition of the q-Fourier transform to the domain of compact support. A conjugate q-Fourier transform is proposed which transforms a q-Gaussian into a conjugate $\hat q$ -Gaussian, which has the same exponential decay as the Fourier transform of a power-law function. The nonlinear statistical coupling is defined such that the conjugate pair of q-Gaussians have equal strength but either couple (compact-support) or decouple (heavy-tail) the statistical states. Many of the nonextensive entropy applications can be shown to have physical parameters proportional to the nonlinear statistical coupling.
Arabidopsis Downy Mildew Resistance Gene RPP27 Encodes a Receptor-Like Protein Similar to CLAVATA2 and Tomato Cf-91

The Arabidopsis Ler-RPP27 gene confers AtSgt1b-independent resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica) isolate Hiks1. The RPP27 locus was mapped to a four-bacterial artificial chromosome interval on chromosome 1 from genetic analysis of a cross between the enhanced susceptibility mutant Col-edm1 (Col-sgt1) and Landsberg erecta (Ler-0). A Cf-like candidate gene in this interval was PCR amplified from Ler-0 and transformed into mutant Col-rpp7.1 plants. Homozygous transgenic lines conferred resistance to Hiks1 and at least four Ler-0 avirulent/Columbia-0 (Col-0) virulent isolates of downy mildew pathogen. A full-length RPP27 cDNA was isolated, and analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences showed that the gene encodes a receptor-like protein (RLP) with a distinct domain structure, composed of a signal peptide followed by extracellular Leu-rich repeats, a membrane spanning region, and a short cytoplasmic carboxyl domain. RPP27 is the first RLP-encoding gene to be implicated in disease resistance in Arabidopsis, enabling the deployment of Arabidopsis techniques to investigate the mechanisms of RLP function. Homology searches of the Arabidopsis genome, using the RPP27, Cf-9, and Cf-2 protein sequences as a starting point, identify 59 RLPs, including the already known CLAVATA2 and TOO MANY MOUTHS genes. A combination of sequence and phylogenetic analysis of these predicted RLPs reveals conserved structural features of the family.
The social organization of fish shoals: a test of the predictive power of laboratory experiments for the field

By contrast with a multitude of laboratory studies on the social organization of fish, relatively little is known about the size, composition and dynamics of free‐ranging fish shoals. We give an overview of the available information on fish shoals and assess to what degree the predictions made from laboratory studies are consistent with field data. The section on shoal choice behaviour in the laboratory is structured so that the evidence for different shoaling p is discussed in the context of their mechanisms and functions. Predictions based on experiments in captivity regarding p for conspecifics, individuals of similar body length and unparasitized fish were highly consistent with field observations on free‐ranging shoals whereas p for familiar conspecifics and kin remain to be conclusively demonstrated in the field. In general, there is a shortage of studies in which shoaling p have been investigated both in the laboratory and the field, and field studies have so far been largely descriptive revealing little about the underlying mechanisms of observed patterns. Given the great importance of fish shoals both in fundamental and applied research, an advancement of our knowledge of their social organization should significantly contribute to a better understanding of a whole range of topics including reciprocal altruism, group‐living and self‐organization.
Racial Politics in an Online Community

The following essay explores the racial politics within an online community focused on the city of Detroit. Past research has demonstrated that the intertextual strategies utilized by the DetroitYES! community have built an alternative cityscape that changes the way people interact with the physical environment. In our research we engaged in a qualitative content analysis of different threads on the discussion forum, and we interviewed members of the community to illustrate racial politics in this virtual site. Our research illustrated administrative strategies utilized within the community that closed down discourse about race. On the surface, these appeared to be authoritarian strategies that maintained White privilege. However, further research and analysis demonstrated how these strategies gave rise to the possibilities for narrative appropriation and building bridges by minority communities.
A Discrete-time Queue Analytical Model based on Dynamic Random Early Drop

Congestion is one of the main problems in networks such as the Internet that has been studied by many researchers. Since the fast development in computer networks and the increase of demands on network resources such as bandwidth allocation and buffer spaces, congestion control becomes a crucial task. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic random early drop (DRED) discrete-time queue analytical model to deal with network congestion incipiently. We compare the proposed analytical model with the original DRED algorithm with reference to packet loss probability, average queue length, throughput, and average queuing delay. The experimental results clearly show that when the traffic load increases, DRED router buffer drops packets on a higher rate than the proposed analytical model, which consequently degrades the throughput performance. Furthermore, the packet loss rate for the proposed analytical model is often stable is not affected with the increase of the traffic loads, and thus stabilise the throughput performance
Navigating the Social Terrain with Google Latitude

researchers have been building location-based social services for some time now, sharing one's location has only recently been introduced to the more general population. This paper examines real-world adoption of and resistance to Google Latitude, a social mobile-device application for people to share their locations. We report findings from an analysis of semi- structured interviews with 21 participants using grounded theory. Our research reveals how interviewees perceive the social affordances of location-sharing applications to be conceptually intertwined with the conventions of other social networking and communication technologies; Our findings emphasize that many participants felt pressured to not only adopt social applications such as location-sharing, but also to be responsive and accessible at all times. Participants perceived technology-mediated social interactions (such as "friending" someone) as highly symbolic, and as problematic if they did not strictly adhere to the established social etiquette. We also found that participants' perception of the social norms around using Latitude varied widely, affecting how and whether participants used the system.
National Curriculum Assessments and Programmes of Study: validity and impact

Abstract This paper has been written as a contribution to the debate about the possible directions that might be taken in the light of the current review of the role of assessment in the National Curriculum of England and Wales. The paper is presented in two parts. The first part outlines a theoretical framework‐‐a simplified version of the four‐facet framework proposed by Samuel Messick‐‐within which the relative demands of evidential and consequential aspects of validity can be considered. The second section presents a selection of issues which will need to be addressed (either explicitly or implicitly) in order to illustrate how the four‐facet model can be applied to the analysis of issues that need to be resolved. The selected issues are not intended to be representative of all the issues that will need to be addressed, but do illustrate the use of the theoretical framework presented in part 1 in a variety of contexts. It is also intended that the framework here will be relevant to all assessments, no.
Medical image fusion based on pulse coupled neural networks and multi-feature fuzzy clustering

Medical image fusion plays an important role in clinical applications such as image-guided surgery, image-guided radiotherapy, noninvasive diagnosis, and treatment planning. In order to retain useful information and get more reliable results, a novel medical image fusion algorithm based on pulse coupled neural networks (PCNN) and multi-feature fuzzy clustering is proposed, which makes use of the multi-feature of image and combines the advantages of the local entropy and variance of local entropy based PCNN. The results of experiments indicate that the proposed image fusion method can better preserve the image details and robustness and significantly improve the image visual effect than the other fusion methods with less information distortion.
Geometric Crossover for Supervised Motif Discovery

Motif discovery is a general and important problem in bioinformat- ics, as motifs often are used to infer biologically importan t sites in bio-molecular sequences. Many problems in bioinformatics are naturally cast in terms of sequences, and distance measures for se- quences derived from edit distance is fundamental in bioinformat- ics. Geometric Crossover is a representation-independent defin ition of crossover based on a distance on the solution space. Using a distance measure that is tailored to the problem at hand allows the design of crossovers that embed problem knowledge in the search. In this paper we apply this theoretically motivated operator to motif discovery in protein sequences and report encouraging ex- perimental results.
Culture and the Construction of Habits in Daily Life: Implications for the Successful Development of Children with Disabilities

The developmental niche, a theoretical construct for the study of the child in cultural context, has been usefully applied to the analysis of environments of disabled individuals. In this article, the authors review the three components of the niche (settings of daily life, customs of care, and the psychology of the caretakers), with particular reference to issues of disability. Two case studies are presented as illustrations of the importance of parents' culturally constructed ideas, or ethnotheories, as either challenges or supports to the work of the occupational therapist. The article concludes with a consideration of cultural variability in parents' ideas of “successful development,” with illustrations from research in Italy, the Netherlands, and the United States. The developmental niche framework is relevant to concepts of “habit” as used in occupational therapy. It is also helpful for considering how the environment of the disabled individual—including cultural assumptions about what constitutes an agenda for successful development—may be modified to promote full participation in meaningful activities in the community.