Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing Multi-Antenna Fading

Accurate and tractable channel modeling is critical to realizing the full potential of antenna arrays in wireless communications. Current approaches represent two extremes: idealized statistical models representing a rich scattering environment and parameterized physical models that describe realistic scattering environments via the angles and gains associated with diierent propagation paths. However, simple rules that capture the eeects of scattering characteristics on channel capacity and diversity are diicult to infer from existing models. In this paper we propose an intermediate virtual channel representation that captures the essence of physical modeling and provides a simple geometric interpretation of the scattering environment. The virtual representation corresponds to a xed coordinate transformation via spatial basis functions deened by xed virtual angles. We show that in an uncorrelated scattering environment the elements of the channel matrix form a segment of a stationary process and the virtual channel coeecients are approximately un-correlated samples of the underlying spectral representation. For any scattering environment, the virtual channel matrix clearly reveals the two key factors aaecting capacity: the number of parallel channels and the level of diversity. The concepts of spatial zooming and aliasing are introduced to provide a transparent interpretation of the eeect of antenna spacing on channel statistics and capacity. Numerical results are presented to illustrate various aspects of the virtual framework.
Joint Radio Selection and Relay Scheme through Optimization Model in Multi-Radio Sensor Networks

We present joint radio selection and relay scheme that delivers data from a source to a sink in heterogeneous stationary sensor networks consisting of various radio interfaces. The proposed scheme finds the optimal relay nodes and their corresponding radio interfaces that minimize energy consumption throughout the network while satisfying the end-to-end packet deadline requirement. We formulate the problem of routing through radio interface selection into binary integer programs, and obtain the optimal solution by solving with an optimization solver. We examine a trade-off relationship between energy consumption and packet delay based on network level simulations. We show that given the end-to-end deadline requirement, our routing algorithm finds the most energy-efficient routing path and radio interface across mesh hops. We demonstrate that the proposed routing scheme exploits the given packet delivery time to turn into network benefit of reducing energy consumption compared to routing based on single radio interface.
X-Ray and Infrared Enhancement of Anomalous X-Ray Pulsar 1E 2259+586

The long-term (~1.5 yr) X-ray enhancement and the accompanying infrared enhancement light curves of the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 2259+586 following the major bursting epoch can be accounted for by the relaxation of a fallback disk that has been pushed back by a gamma-ray flare. The required burst energy estimated from the results of our model fits is low enough for such a burst to have remained below the detection limits. We find that an irradiated disk model with a low irradiation efficiency is in good agreement with both X-ray and infrared data. Nonirradiated disk models also give a good fit to the X-ray light curve, but are not consistent with the infrared data for the first week of the enhancement.
Social Networking Site Behaviors Across the Relational Lifespan: Measurement and Association With Relationship Escalation and De-escalation

This study examines (1) the factor structure of social networking site relational behaviors (SNSRB), (2) the association between the behaviors and relational quality and breakup adjustment, and (3) whether behaviors vary as a function of relational status. Participants’ responses (N = 363) indicated that the majority of variance in SNSRB was accounted for by 10 factors—surveillance, managing impressions through photographs, regulating usage, maintaining shared networks/contacts, oversharing, communicating directly via private messages, posting about offline activity, relationship broadcasting, status management, and privacy. Additionally, each factor was associated with the participants’ romantic relationships such as quality of current relationships, adjustment to dissolved relationships, or relational status. This study extends understanding of how technology reflects the way people interact throughout the romantic relationship lifespan.
The Association of APOE Genotype with Cognitive Function in Persons Aged 35 Years or Older

APOE genotype is associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we investigated whether APOE genotype was associated with cognitive function in predominantly middle-aged persons. In a population-based cohort of 4,135 persons aged 35 to 82 years (mean age (SD), 55 (12) years), cognitive function was measured with the Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT; worst score, 0 points; best score, 175 points). APOE genotype (rs429358 and rs7412) was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The mean RFFT score (SD) of the total cohort was 69 (26) points. Unadjusted, the mean RFFT score in homozygous APOE ε4 carriers was 4.66 points lower than in noncarriers (95% confidence interval, -9.84 to 0.51; p = 0.08). After adjustment for age and other risk factors, the mean RFFT score in homozygous APOE ε4 carriers was 5.24 points lower than in noncarriers (95% confidence interval, -9.41 to -1.07; p = 0.01). The difference in RFFT score was not dependent on age. There was no difference in RFFT score between heterozygous APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers. The results indicated that homozygous APOE ε4 carriers aged 35 years or older had worse cognitive function than heterozygous carriers and noncarriers.
Capsule Shields the Function of Short Bacterial Adhesins

ABSTRACT Bacterial surface structures such as capsules and adhesins are generally regarded as important virulence factors. Here we demonstrate that capsules block the function of the self-recognizing protein antigen 43 through physical shielding. The phenomenon is not restricted to Escherichia coli but can occur in other gram-negative bacteria. Likewise, we show that other short adhesins exemplified by the AIDA-I protein are blocked by the presence of a capsule. The results support the notion that capsule polysaccharides sterically prevent receptor-target recognition of short bacterial adhesins. This negative interference has important biological consequences, such as affecting the ability of bacteria to form biofilms.
Environmental Education Across Cultures: Beyond the Discourse of Shallow Environmentalism

Environmental education has increasingly become part of the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) curriculum worldwide. This article analyses 26 EFL textbooks used in Japan, to discover what kind of environmental education they offer, and what this says about intercultural communication in the teaching/learning process. The results show how textbooks, by concentrating mainly on technical solutions to environmental problems, fail to open to criticism the cultural values at the heart of the environmental crisis, and direct attention away from important alternatives rooted in the deep ecological insights of traditional Japanese culture. The conclusion discusses ways to move away from unidirectional transfer of technical knowledge, towards a productive intercultural dialogue on ecological issues.
Construction of 3D vessel model of the VR Robotic Catheter System

Minimally Invasive Surgery (Minimally Invasive Surgery, MIS) is a specialized surgical technique that permits vascular interventions through very small incisions and minimizes the patients' trauma and permits a faster recovery compared to traditional surgery. In this paper, we will introduce a kind of Virtual Reality based Robotic Catheter System which can be used for the training of the interns to do the operation. First of all, we design the robot assisted catheter surgery system which is consist of master controller system and the catheter manipulator placed at the patient side. For the VR system, we use the master side as the controller, and we developed the Virtual Reality based Robotic Catheter System, in the system, open source code DCMTK is used to read the information of “DCM” file and carry out the CT image segmentation and Open Scene Graph (OSG) is used to realize the 3D image output and catheter control of the Virtual Reality System. Finally, we complete the simulation of catheter control by the Virtual Reality based Robotic Catheter System.
An internalization signal in the simian immunodeficiency virus transmembrane protein cytoplasmic domain modulates expression of envelope glycoproteins on the cell surface

A Tyr to Cys mutation at amino acid position 723 in the cytoplasmic domain of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) transmembrane (TM) molecule has been shown to increase expression of envelope glycoproteins on the surface of infected cells. Here we show that Tyr- 723 contributes to a sorting signal that directs the rapid endocytosis of viral glycoproteins from the plasma membrane via coated pits. On cells infected by SIVs with a Tyr at position 723, envelope glycoproteins were transiently expressed on the cell surface and then rapidly endocytosed. Similar findings were noted for envelope molecules expressed in the absence of other viral proteins. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that these molecules were localized in patches on the cell surface and were frequently associated with coated pits. In contrast, envelope glycoproteins containing a Y723C mutation were diffusely distributed over the entire plasma membrane. To determine if an internalization signal was present in the SIV TM, chimeric molecules were constructed that contained the CD4 external and membrane spanning domains and a SIV TM cytoplasmic tail with a Tyr or other amino acids at SIV position 723. In Hela cells stably expressing these molecules, chimeras with a Tyr-723 were rapidly endocytosed, while chimeras containing other amino acids at position 723, including a Phe, were internalized at rates only slightly faster than a CD4 molecule that lacked a cytoplasmic domain. In addition, the biological effects of the internalization signal were evaluated in infectious viruses. A mutation that disrupted the signal and as a result, increased the level of viral envelope glycoprotein on infected cells, was associated with accelerated infection kinetics and increased cell fusion during viral replication. These results demonstrate that a Tyr-dependent motif in the SIV TM cytoplasmic domain can function as an internalization signal that can modulate expression of the viral envelope molecules on the cell surface and affect the biological properties of infectious viruses. The conservation of an analogous Tyr in all human and simian immunodeficiency viruses suggests that this signal may be present in other primate lentiviruses and could be important in the pathogenesis of these viruses in vivo.
Situational precursors of revenge: Social exclusion, relationship type, and opportunity

Little is known about the situational factors that turn feelings of revenge into actual acts of revenge. Addressing this gap in the literature, this study selected a representative sample of people who acted on their feelings of revenge (avengers) and of people who did not (nonavengers), obtaining a reflection of typical antecedents of revenge. Results revealed that avengers did not report more severe offenses. Neither did avengers report less closeness to offenders nor a larger number of audience members toward whom they might want to prove something. Results did reveal that revenge was more prevalent (a) among young, male friends and acquaintances; (b) in contexts involving social exclusion; and (c) if there was a possibility to take revenge.
Integration of Active RFID and WSN for real time low-cost data monitoring of patients in hospitals

RFID has been around since World War II but was viewed as too limited and expensive in functionality for most of commercial use. With advancement in technology, cost of system components has reduced and capabilities have increased, making RFID more popular. The development of RFID since the 1970's has been remarkable and many such systems are available online for purchasing. Now-a-days there are sensors embedded inside the RFID tag which along with its unique identification can send the sensor value as well. But it is restricted to only sensing pressure, temperature of environment etc and much of the complex world analog signals are difficult to integrate with an RFID tag [1]. Especially the existence of such RFID systems in Healthcare doesn't seem to exist in real time inspite of several theories been proposed [2]-[5]. This paper proposes a low cost approach to the development of a system that can monitor the real time parameters of a patient using an Active UHF RFID system along with the respective parameter monitoring sensor. This is done so that there is a detailed record of the patient which can be used by the doctors to examine the condition later as well. The Real Time values are plotted on a graph using Visual Studio 10.Thus the integration of Health Monitoring sensors along with an RFID to uniquely distinguish each patient in a Ward with its measuring data is achieved. As the entire system is being autonomous an additional feature that has been added to this is the inclusion of a GSM module which will notify an emergency to the doctor in case if the optimum data fails to be received which in totality makes this project a smart e-healthcare solution for hospitals.
Stochastic thermodynamic integration: Efficient Bayesian model selection via stochastic gradient MCMC

Model selection is a central topic in Bayesian machine learning, which requires the estimation of the marginal likelihood of the data under the models to be compared. During the last decade, conventional model selection methods have lost their charm as they have high computational requirements. In this study, we propose a computationally efficient model selection method by integrating ideas from Stochastic Gradient Markov Chain Monte Carlo (SG-MCMC) literature and statistical physics. As opposed to conventional methods, the proposed method has very low computational needs and can be implemented almost without modifying existing SG-MCMC code. We provide an upper-bound for the bias of the proposed method. Our experiments show that, our method is 40 times as fast as the baseline method on finding the optimal model order in a matrix factorization problem.
Bonus Vetus OLS: A Simple Approach for Addressing the "Border Puzzle" and other Gravity-Equation Issues

Motivated to solve the “border puzzle” of Canadian-U.S. trade, theoretical foundations for the gravity equation of international trade were refined recently to emphasize the importance of the endogeneity of multilateral price (resistance) terms, cf., Anderson and van Wincoop (2003). While regionspecific fixed effects can also generate consistent estimates of gravity-equation coefficients, cf., Feenstra (2004), Anderson and van Wincoop argue that proper computation of general equilibrium comparative statics requires custom estimation of the entire nonlinear system of trade flow and price equations. We show in this paper that these multilateral price terms are critical, but nonlinear estimation is not. Virtually identical results can be obtained using “good old” ordinary least squares – bonus vetus OLS. The key is using a first-order log-linear Taylor-series expansion to approximate the multilateral price terms. Among several findings, we note just three. First, the approximation allows us to solve for a simple log-linear gravity equation revealing a fundamental theoretical relationship among bilateral trade flows, regional and world incomes, and bilateral, multilateral, and world trade costs. Second, we provide econometric and simulation results supporting that virtually identical coefficient estimates and comparative statics can be obtained much more easily by estimating a reduced-form gravity equation including theoreticallymotivated exogenous bilateral, multilateral, and world resistance terms. Third, we show that our methodology generalizes to other settings as well, working just as effectively to explain world trade flows.
On approximate solutions of systems of linear inequalities

(briefly, -4x^6), one arrives at a vector JC that "almost" satisfies (1). It is almost obvious geometrically that, if (1) is consistent, one can infer that there is a solution x0 of (1) "close" to x. The purpose of this report is to justify and formulate precisely this assertion. We shall use fairly general definitions of functions that measure the size of vectors, since it may be possible to obtain better estimates of the constant c (whose important role is described in the statement of the theorem) for some measuring functions than for others. We shall make a few remarks on the estimation of c after completing the proof of the main theorem.
Measuring deep metastability

Present measurement techniques do not allow synchronizer reliability to be measured in the region of most interest, that is, beyond the first half cycle of the synchronizer clock. We describe methods of extending the measurement range, in which the number of metastable events generated is increased by four orders of magnitude, and events with long metastable times are selected from the large number of more normal events. The relationship found between input times and the resulting output times is dependent on accurate measurement of input time distributions with deviations of less than 10 ps. We show how the distribution of D to clock times at the input can be characterized in the presence of noise, and how predictions of failure rates for long synchronizer times can be made. Anomalies such as the increased failure rates in a master slave synchronizer produced by the back edge of the clock are measured
BUILDING LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND TRANSLATION MODELS FOR MACHINE TRANSLATION FOCUSED ON SOUTH SLAVIC AND BALKAN LANGUAGES

The paper presents the results of a small and short-term SEE-ERA.net project the purpose of which was to investigate the feasibility of machine translation (MT) research and development for several South Slavic and Balkan languages. For these languages MT systems are scarce and for some of them even non-existent. We argue that by investing efforts in building appropriate language resources, the current technology can be successfully used for a quick development of acceptable MT prototypes, easy to further extend to working systems. The paper describes the parallel corpus compiled in the scope of the project, concentrating on its composition, format, and linguistic analysis. Word-alignments automatically derived from the annotated parallel corpus are also discussed. The paper concludes with direction for further work.
Transition from Rotating Waves to Modulated Rotating Waves on the Sphere

In this article, we consider parameter‐dependent systems of reaction‐diffusion equations on the sphere, which are equivariant under the group $SO(3)$ of all rigid rotations on the sphere. It is known that the transition from rotating waves to modulated rotating waves on the sphere can be explained via a supercritical Hopf bifurcation from a rotating wave, $SO(3)$‐symmetry, and finite‐dimensional equivariant center manifold reduction. Using Floquet theory, it is easy to get the decomposition of these modulated rotating waves into the primary frequency vector part and the periodic part. Going further, we use the Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff (BCH) formula in the Lie algebra $so(3)$ to get the closed form of the reduced differential equations on $so(3)$, and then closed formulas for the primary frequency vectors and for the periodic parts associated to the bifurcating modulated rotating waves. As a consequence, we get the explicit characterization of these modulated rotating waves and all possible tip motions on .
Efficient on-demand routing for mobile ad hoc wireless access networks

In this paper, we consider a mobile ad hoc wireless access network in which mobile nodes can access the Internet via one or more stationary gateway nodes. Mobile nodes outside the transmission range of the gateway can continue to communicate with the gateway via their neighboring nodes over multihop paths. On-demand routing schemes are appealing because of their low routing overhead in bandwidth restricted mobile ad hoc networks, however, their routing control overhead increases exponentially with node density in a given geographic area. To control the overhead of on-demand routing without sacrificing performance, we present a novel extension of the ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol, called LB-AODV, which incorporates the concept of load-balancing (LB). Simulation results show that as traffic increases, our proposed LB-AODV routing protocol has a significantly higher packet delivery fraction, a lower end-to-end delay and a reduced routing overhead when compared with both AODV and gossip-based routing protocols.
Artificial selection of simulated microbial ecosystems

Recent work with microbial communities has demonstrated an adaptive response to artificial selection at the level of the ecosystem. The reasons for this response and the level at which adaptation occurs are unclear: does selection act implicitly on traits of individual species, or are higher-level traits genuinely being selected? If the ecosystem response is just the additive combination of the responses of the constituent species, then the ecosystem response could be predicted a priori, and the ecosystem-level selection process is superfluous. However, if the ecosystem response results from ecological interactions among species, then selection at a higher level is necessary. Here we perform artificial ecosystem selection experiments on an individual-based evolutionary simulation model of microbial ecology and observe a similar response to that seen with real ecosystems. We demonstrate that a significant fraction of artificially selected ecosystem responses cannot be accounted for by implicit lower-level selection of a single type of organism within the community, and that interactions among different types of organism contribute significantly to the response in the majority of cases. However, when the ecological problem posed by the artificial ecosystem selection process can be easily solved by a single dominant species, it often is.
Lithium in the Coma Berenices open cluster

Lithium abundances, radial velocities, and rotational velocities are reported for 20 candidate F, G and K stars of the sparse Coma Berenices open cluster. All the stars are proper-motion selected, and our radial velocities support the membership credentials of at least 12 of the candidates. Combining our data with that in the literature, we have a close-to-complete census of Li abundances for late-type stars with MV < 5:8. These data show that the Li-depletion pattern in Coma Ber is similar, but not identical, to that in the Hyades cluster, which has a similar age but higher metallicity. Several Coma Ber F stars have suered signicantly more Li depletion than their counterparts in the Hyades. The G and early-K stars of Coma Ber have undergone less Li depletion than those of the Hyades, but much more than that predicted by standard evolutionary models featuring only convective mixing. This provides strong evidence for additional mixing and Li depletion operating in these stars during their rst 400 Myr on the main sequence, amounting to 0.3 dex at 6000 K and rising to 0.8{1.2 dex at 5400 K. We nd that 4 of the radial-velocity non-members are among a small number of low-mass stars which were previously reported as part of an extra-tidal moving group associated with the Coma Ber cluster. As a result, we now nd that the luminosity function of this moving group is indistinguishable from that of the central cluster. It is uncertain whether there may be a signicant number of stars with even lower masses among the moving group.