Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paradox found (again): Infant mortality among the Mexican-origin population in the united states

Recent research suggests that the favorable mortality outcomes for the Mexican immigrant population in the United States may largely be attributable to selective out-migration among Mexican immigrants, resulting in artificially low recorded death rates for the Mexican-origin population. In this paper, we calculate detailed age-specific infant mortality rates by maternal race/ethnicity and nativity for two important reasons: (1) it is extremely unlikely that women of Mexican origin would migrate to Mexico with newborn babies, especially if the infants were only a few hours or a few days old; and (2) more than 50% of all infant deaths in the United States occur during the first week of life, when the chances of out-migration are very small. We use concatenated data from the U.S. linked birth and infant death cohort files from 1995 to 2000, which provides us with over 20 million births and more than 150,000 infant deaths to analyze. Our results clearly show that first-hour, first-day, and first-week mortality rates among infants born in the United States to Mexican immigrant women are about 10% lower than those experienced by infants of non-Hispanic, white U.S.-born women. It is extremely unlikely that such favorable rates are artificially caused by the out-migration of Mexican-origin women and infants, as we demonstrate with a simulation exercise. Further, infants born to U.S.-born Mexican American women exhibit rates of mortality that are statistically equal to those of non-Hispanic white women during the first weeks of life and fare considerably better than infants born to non-Hispanic black women, with whom they share similar socioeconomic profiles. These patterns are all consistent with the definition of the epidemiologic paradox as originally proposed by Markides and Coreil (1986).
Digital background calibration for pipelined SAR ADC based on LMS algorithm

In this paper, a digital background error-correction technique for pipelined successive approximation analogue-to-digital converter (SAR ADC) based on Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm is presented. This technique uses a slow but accurate ADC as a reference ADC and combines with LMS algorithm to calibrate the capacitor mismatch, gain error, reference voltage offset error of the inaccurate pipelined SAR ADC. The simulation validates the effectiveness of this technique for a pipelined SAR ADC with 16 bit resolution. The effective number of bits(ENOB) is improved from 10.31 bits to 15.66 bits.
σ1 receptors activate astrocytes via p38 MAPK phosphorylation leading to the development of mechanical allodynia in a mouse model of neuropathic pain

Spinal astrocytes have emerged as important mechanistic contributors to the genesis of mechanical allodynia (MA) in neuropathic pain. We recently demonstrated that the spinal sigma non‐opioid intracellular receptor 1 (σ1 receptor) modulates p38 MAPK phosphorylation (p‐p38), which plays a critical role in the induction of MA in neuropathic rats. However, the histological and physiological relationships among σ1, p‐p38 and astrocyte activation is unclear.
PhotoBuilder-3D models of architectural scenes from uncalibrated images

We address the problem of recovering 3D models from uncalibrated images of architectural scenes. We propose a simple, geometrically intuitive method which exploits the strong rigidity constraints of parallelism and orthogonality present in indoor and outdoor architectural scenes. We show how these simple constraints can be used to calibrate the cameras and to recover the projection matrices for each viewpoint. The projection matrices are used to recover partial 3D models of the scene and these can be used to visualise new viewpoints. Our approach does not need any a priori information about the cameras being used. A working system called PhotoBuilder had been designed and implemented to allow a user to interactively build a VRML model of a building from uncalibrated images from arbitrary viewpoints.
In Defense of Things: Archaeology and the Ontology of Objects

Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. Brothers in Arms? Archaeology and Material Culture Studies Chapter 3. Material Culture as Text: Scenes from a Troubled Engagement Chapter 4. The Phenomenology of Things Chapter 5. Tacit Matter: The Silencing of Things Chapter 6. Temporality and Memory: How Things Remember Chapter 7. Living with Things - Matter in Place Chapter 8. In Defense of Things Chapter 9 Bibliography
Extended pedigree patterned covariance matrix mixed models for quantitative phenotype analysis

Overt computational constraints in the formation of mixed models for the analysis of large extended‐pedigree quantitative trait data which allow one to reliably characterize and partition sources of variation resulting from a variety sources have proven difficult to overcome. The present paper suggests that by combining a restricted patterned covariance matrix approach to modeling and partitioning the variation arising from polygenic and environmental forces with an Elston–Stewart like algorithmic approach to modeling variation resulting from a single genetic locus with large phenotypic effects one can produce a model that is at once intuitively appealing, efficient computationally, and reliable numerically. Extensions and variations of this approach are also discussed, as are some simulation and timing studies carried out in an effort to validate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed methodology. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Shark Liver Gene-Derived Active Peptide Expressed in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori: Preliminary Studies for Oral Administration of the Recombinant Protein

Active peptide from shark liver (APSL) is a cytokine from Chiloscyllium plagiosum that can stimulate liver regeneration and protects the pancreas. To study the effect of orally administered recombinant APSL (rAPSL) on an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the APSL gene was cloned, and APSL was expressed in Bombyx mori N cells (BmN cells), silkworm larvae and silkworm pupae using the silkworm baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). It was demonstrated that rAPSL was able to significantly reduce the blood glucose level in mice with type 2 diabetes induced by streptozotocin. The analysis of paraffin sections of mouse pancreatic tissues revealed that rAPSL could effectively protect mouse islets from streptozotocin-induced lesions. Compared with the powder prepared from normal silkworm pupae, the powder prepared from pupae expressing rAPSL exhibited greater protective effects, and these results suggest that rAPSL has potential uses as an oral drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the future.
A delta-sigma-based transmitter utilizing FIR-embedded digital power amplifiers

This paper presents a new delta-sigma-based transmitter architecture with quantization noise reduction and coding efficiency enhancement for multi-mode wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. The proposed architecture utilizes a finite impulse response (FIR) filter embedded digital power amplifier (DPA) controlled by the output of a 1-bit second order low pass delta-sigma modulator (LPDSM) for both in-phase (I) path and quadrature (Q) path. Thanks to the interleaving operation of the FIR filter, the out-of-band noise is reduced hence coding efficiency is improved according to the behavior model simulation results. Since the switching of power amplifier (PA) is smoothed by FIR, distortion from the PA is also suppressed.
Emotion regulation and biological stress responding: associations with worry, rumination, and reappraisal

ABSTRACT Individual differences in the habitual use of emotion regulation strategies may play a critical role in understanding psychological and biological stress reactivity and recovery in depression and anxiety. This study investigated the relation between the habitual use of different emotion regulation strategies and cortisol reactivity and recovery in healthy control individuals (CTL; n = 33) and in individuals diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD; n = 41). The tendency to worry was associated with increased cortisol reactivity to a stressor across the full sample. Rumination was not associated with cortisol reactivity, despite its oft-reported similarities to worry. Worry and rumination, however, were associated with increased cortisol during recovery from the stressor. The only difference between CTL and SAD participants was observed for reappraisal. In the CTL but not in the SAD group, reappraisal predicted recovery, such that an increased tendency to reappraise was associated with greater cortisol recovery. These results suggest an important role of the habitual use of emotion regulation strategies in understanding biological stress reactivity and recovery.
Manual for the Child: Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile

1877-0428 © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of The Association of Science, Education and Technology doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro. 2012.09. 513 Professor, Department of Early Childhood Special Education, Woosuk University, South Korea Professor, Department of Psychology, Woosuk University, South Korea Professor, Department of Nursing, Woosuk University, South Korea Abstract
A comparison of three techniques to obtain root coverage on mandibular incisors.

BACKGROUND Multiple variations on the subepithelial connective tissue graft have been shown to produce good clinical results. The goal of this study was to compare three variations in the treatment of recession on mandibular incisors. METHODS An a priori analysis was done to determine the sample size. Three groups of patients received root coverage procedures on mandibular incisors. Each group was treated with a different variation of a subepithelial graft. The first group received a connective tissue (CT) graft with a coronally positioned flap (CPF) (CPF + CT). The second group received a connective tissue graft with a double pedicle (DP) graft (DP + CT). The third group received a connective tissue graft with a tunneling (TUN) procedure and a laterally positioned (LAT) pedicle (TUN-LAT + CT). The clinical results of these procedures were compared to determine if one procedure offered an advantage over the other procedures. RESULTS All of the procedures produced a statistically significant improvement in the clinical parameters. The groups treated with the DP + CT and TUN-LAT + CT had greater mean root coverage (95.5% and 90.5%, respectively) than the CPF + CT group (80.2%). Additionally, DP + CT produced a greater increase in keratinized tissue (3 mm) than CPF + CT (1.4 mm) or TUN-LAT + CT (1.9 mm). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean root coverage of any technique treating defects <3 mm deep (CPF + CT, 90.9%; DP + CT, 96.4%; and TUN-LAT + CT, 92.1%) or the defects >3 mm deep treated with DP + CT (95.4%) or TUN-LAT + CT (88.3%). However, the CPF + CT produced less mean root coverage (68.4%) when treating defects > or =3 mm deep. When defects treated as isolated defects were compared to cases where multiple defects were treated, the cases with multiple defects treated with the CPF + CT had less mean root coverage (77%) than cases where single defects were treated with the CPF + CT (90.3%), DP + CT (isolated, 96.7% and multiple, 95.6%), and TUN-LAT + CT (isolated, 97.2% and multiple, 87.8%). CONCLUSIONS All three of the procedures were effective in obtaining root coverage and improved clinical parameters on mandibular incisors. Overall, the DP + CT and TUN-LAT + CT procedures had greater mean root coverage than the CPF + CT technique. Based on this study, when treating defects > or =3 mm deep, one should consider using the DP + CT or TUN-LAT + CT rather than the CPF + CT. Additionally, when treating multiple defects at a time, one should consider using the DP + CT or TUN-LAT + CT rather than the CPF + CT. In cases where an increased amount of keratinized tissue is desired, based on this study, the DP + CT may be the best procedure to use.
Conservation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Inner-Domain Sequences in Lentivirus and Type A and B Retrovirus Envelope Surface Glycoproteins

ABSTRACT We recently described a sequence similarity between the small ruminant lentivirus surface unit glycoprotein (SU) gp135 and the second conserved region (C2) of the primate lentivirus gp120 which indicates a structural similarity between gp135 and the inner proximal domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 (I. Hötzel and W. P. Cheevers, Virus Res. 69:47–54, 2000). Here we found that the seven-amino-acid sequence of the gp120 strand β25 in the C5 region, which is also part of the inner proximal domain, was conserved in the SU of all lentiviruses in similar or identical positions relative to the carboxy terminus of SU. Sequences conforming to the gp135-gp120 consensus for β-strand 5 in the C2 region, which is antiparallel to β25, were then sought in the SU of other lentiviruses and retroviruses. Except for the feline immunodeficiency virus, sequences similar to the gp120-gp135 consensus for β5 and part of the preceding strand β4 were present in the SU of all lentiviruses. This motif was highly conserved among strains of each lentivirus and included a strictly conserved cysteine residue in β4. In addition, the β4/β5 consensus motif was also present in the conserved carboxy-terminal region of all type A and B retroviral envelope surface glycoproteins analyzed. Thus, the antiparallel β-strands 5 and 25 of gp120 form an SU surface highly conserved among the lentiviruses and at least partially conserved in the type A and B retroviral envelope glycoproteins.
Robust transceiver beamforming in MIMO cognitive radio via second-order cone programming

This paper considers the spectrum sharing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cognitive radio network, in which multiple primary users (PUs) coexist with multiple secondary users (SUs). Due to the limited cooperation between SBS and PUs, perfect information of primary links may not be available at SBS which could lead to severe interference to the PUs. Robust joint transceiver cognitive beamforming is developed to minimize the transmit power of the SU base station (SBS) while simultaneously targeting lower bounds on the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for the SUs and imposing upper limits on the interference temperature to the PUs. With the perfect knowledge of all links, the optimal secondary transceiver beamformer is achieved iteratively. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms that minimizes the total transmit power and simultaneously guarantees quality-of-service (QoS) of both SUs and PUs, and the robustness against channel imperfections.
[Relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms and its haplotype of X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 and susceptibility of pancreatic carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of XRCCl gene polymorphisms and its haplotype on the susceptibility of pancreatic carcinoma. METHODS Peripheral blood DNA was extracted from 210 pancreatic carcinoma patients and 213 control subjects. SNaPshot technique was used for genotyping seven SNP sites of the XRCCl gene (rs3213403, rs25487, rs1799782, rs731420, rs1001581, rs12611088, and rs3213282). Logistic regression model was performed to analyze the relationship of different genotypes or haplotype and the susceptibility of pancreatic carcinoma. RESULTS The frequency for allele A at site rs25487 in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The frequency of GG, GA and AA genotype between the case group and control group had statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Compared with GG genotype, the risk of pancreatic carcinoma in the subjects carrying mutated allele A (GA+AA) was increased by 0.648 times (P < 0.05). Among them the pancreatic carcinoma risk of individuals carrying A allele was increased by 0.552 times compared with the individuals carrying G allele. The frequency of allele and genotype at site rs1799782 in the case group and control group had a significant difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the CC genotype, the risk of pancreatic carcinoma in the subjects carrying mutated allele T (CT+TT) was increased by 0.683 times. Among them the pancreatic carcinoma risk of individuals carrying T allele was increased by 0.549 times compared with the individuals carrying C allele. Significant differences were observed in linkage disequilibrium between any two of the seven SNPs (P < 0.05), the frequency of H4-AGCCCGC, H6-GGCCCGG or H7-AGCCTAG haplotypes was significantly lower in the case group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The single nucleotide polymorphisms of rs25487 and rs1799782 for XRCC1 gene may be correlated with the occurrence of pancreatic carcinoma. The haplotypes of H4-AGCCCGC, H6-GGCCCGG and H7-AGCCTAG might be a potential genetic protective factor for the occurrence of pancreatic carcinoma.
Auction-Based Power Allocation for Multiuser Two-Way Relaying Networks

The overall performance of a cooperative relaying system largely depends on power allocation schemes. In this paper, we address the power allocation problem in a network-coded multiuser two-way relaying network, where multiple pair users communicate with their partners via a common relay node, and compete for the transmit power of the relay. An auction-based power allocation scheme is proposed, in which two users in each pair bid as a single player for a maximum utility of the whole pair, and share the total pair payment in proportion to the amount of power they obtained. The convergence of the proposed auction game (i.e., the convergence to a unique Nash Equilibrium) is theoretically proved by using a standard function. Moreover, the outage behavior is systematically analyzed and a closed form of the pair outage probability is derived. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation results.
Selectively Taming Background Android Apps to Improve Battery Lifetime

Background activities on mobile devices can cause significant battery drain with little visibility or recourse to the user. They can range from useful but sometimes overly aggressive tasks, such as polling for messages or updates from sensors and online services, to outright bugs that cause resources to be held unnecessarily. In this paper we instrument the Android OS to characterize background activities that prevent the device from sleeping. We present TAMER, an OS mechanism that interposes on events and signals that cause task wakeups, and allows for their detailed monitoring, filtering, and rate-limiting. We demonstrate how TAMER can help reduce battery drain in scenarios involving popular Android apps with background tasks. We also show how TAMER can mitigate the effects of well-known energy bugs while maintaining most of the apps' functionality. Finally, we elaborate on how developers and users can devise their own application-control policies for TAMER to maximize battery lifetime.
eripheral and central alterations of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating olypeptide-like immunoreactivity in the rat in response to activation of the rigeminovascular system

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is present in the cranial arteries and trigeminal sensory neurons. We therefore examined the alterations in PACAP-like immunoreactivity (PACAP-LI) in a time-dependent manner in two rat models of trigeminovascular system (TS) activation. In one group chemical stimulation (CS) was performed with i.p. nitroglycerol (NTG), and in the other one the trigeminal ganglia (TRG) were subjected to electrical stimulation (ES). The two biologically active forms, PACAP-38 and PACAP-27, were determined by means of radioimmunoassay (RIA) and mass spectrometry (MS) in the plasma, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC), the spinal cord (SC) and the TRG. The tissue concentrations of PACAP-27 were 10 times lower than those of PACAP-38 in the TNC and SC, but about half in the TRG. PACAP-38, but not PACAP-27, was present in the plasma. Neither form could be identified in the CSF. PACAP-38-LI in the plasma, SC and TRG remained unchanged after CS, but
The morphometrical analysis on the ultrastructure of A549 cells.

OBJECTIVE To report the morphometric characteristics of ultrastructure inside A549 cells. METHODS A549 cells were processed for inverted microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cell images were obtained randomly using inverted microscopy and TEM. The morphometric parameters of ultrastructure were tested using precise morphometric techniques by Image-Pro Plus analysis software. RESULTS (1) The diameter of A549 cells from inverted microscopy and TEM images was 14.93 μm and 10.59 μm. (2) By defining cell as reference space the volume densities (VV) of nucleus and cytoplasm were about 0.28 and 0.72; the surface densities (SV) of nucleus were 0.19 μm-1. By defining cell nucleus as reference space the VV of nucleoli, euchromatin and heterochromatin were 0.076, 0.72 and 0.20 respectively; the SV of nucleoli was 0.15 μm-1. By defining cytoplasm as reference space the VV of mitochondria, lamellar bodies and lysosomes were 0.046, 0.025 and 0.014; the SV of mitochondria, lamellar bodies and lysosomes were 0.60 μm-1, 0.36 μm-1, and 0.18 μm-1. (3) In individual A549 cell total volume and surface of mitochondria were 61.91 μm³ and 1001.67 μm²; Total volume and surface area of lamellar bodies were 76.82 μm³ and 428.68 μm²; Total volume and surface area of lysosomes were 21.69 μm³ and 212.04 μm². CONCLUSIONS The morphometric parameters of some ultrastructures within A549 cells were established using precise morphometric techniques by Image-Pro Plus analysis software.
A Three-Terminal Approach to Developing Spin-Torque Written Magnetic Random Access Memory Cells

Using a self-aligned fabrication process together with multiple-step aligned electron beam lithography, we have developed a nanopillar structure where a third contact can be made to any point within a thin-film multilayer stack. This substantially enhances the versatility of the device by providing the means to apply independent electrical biases to two separate parts of the structure. Here, we demonstrate a joint magnetic spin-valve (SV)/tunnel junction structure sharing a common free layer nanomagnet contacted by this third electrode. A spatially nonuniform spin-polarized current flowing into the free layer via the low-resistance SV path can reverse the magnetic orientation of the free layer as a consequence of the spin-torque (ST) effect, by nucleating a reversal domain at the spin injection site that propagates across the free layer. The free layer magnetic state can then be read out separately via the higher resistance magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). This three-terminal structure provides a strategy for developing high-performance ST magnetic random access memory (ST-MRAM) cells, which avoids the need to apply a large voltage across a MTJ during the writing step, thereby enhancing device reliability, while retaining the benefits of a high-impedance MTJ for read-out.
A New Edge Detection Method based on Additions and Divisions

Edge is an important feature of an image and is required for image understanding. It provides important image information that can be used for image interpretation. Many techniques of edge detection have been developed. This paper proposes a new technique of edge detection that requires much lesser computation than Sobel’s method and performs better than Sobel’s method. The technique is based on additions and divisions. It makes use of a threshold value that is automatically computed by the program that implements this technique. The computation of the threshold value is very simple too.