Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mondrian data engine

The increasing demand for extracting value out of ever-growing data poses an ongoing challenge to system designers, a task only made trickier by the end of Dennard scaling. As the performance density of traditional CPU-centric architectures stagnates, advancing compute capabilities necessitates novel architectural approaches. Near-memory processing (NMP) architectures are reemerging as promising candidates to improve computing efficiency through tight coupling of logic and memory. NMP architectures are especially fitting for data analytics, as they provide immense bandwidth to memory-resident data and dramatically reduce data movement, the main source of energy consumption. Modern data analytics operators are optimized for CPU execution and hence rely on large caches and employ random memory accesses. In the context of NMP, such random accesses result in wasteful DRAM row buffer activations that account for a significant fraction of the total memory access energy. In addition, utilizing NMP's ample bandwidth with fine-grained random accesses requires complex hardware that cannot be accommodated under NMP's tight area and power constraints. Our thesis is that efficient NMP calls for an algorithm-hardware co-design that favors algorithms with sequential accesses to enable simple hardware that accesses memory in streams. We introduce an instance of such a co-designed NMP architecture for data analytics, the Mondrian Data Engine. Compared to a CPU-centric and a baseline NMP system, the Mondrian Data Engine improves the performance of basic data analytics operators by up to 49× and 5×, and efficiency by up to 28× and 5×, respectively.
Monitor and Control of Mobile Agent Applications

Mobile agents raise significant security concerns that have been the focus of several research activities. However, some security-related issues, such as the protection against denial of service attacks and the accounting of agent resource consumption, still need further investigation. Solutions to these problems require monitoring the resource state during agent execution, in order to control and possibly limit resource usage. The paper presents solution guidelines for the on-line monitoring and control of Java-based mobile agents. In particular, it describes the implementation of MAPI, an on-line monitoring component integrated in the SOMA mobile agent platform. MAPI exploits the JVMPI and JNI technologies to achieve full visibility of the state of both Java and platformdependent resources from within the Java Virtual Machine.
Improving gate-level simulation accuracy when unknowns exist

Unknown values (Xs) may exist in a design due to uninitialized registers or blocks that are powered down. Due to X-pessimism in gate-level logic simulation, such Xs cannot be handled correctly, producing false Xs that result in inaccurate simulation values. To improve gate-level simulation accuracy when Xs exist, we first trace the fan-in cone of Xs to check whether they are real. For the Xs that are not real, we extract small sub-circuits responsible for creating the false Xs. We then generate auxiliary code to repair gate-level simulation by replacing the Xs with the correct values. Our experimental results on commercial designs show that the proposed methods are both effective and efficient.
An Etrophication Model for Lake Based on Maximum Flux Principle for Waihai of Dianchi Lake

The aquatic ecosystem of lake is a complex open systems, taking account of the shortcomings of available eutrophication models for water quality, this study based on the principles of maximum flux selects Waihai as the object, we apply complex systems analysis to construct eutropication model which is suitable for local conditions and select a larger time scale and control parameters to simulate the eutrophication status to find out the main factors and to put forward reasonable proposals for giving out optimal control techniques. This model can be expanded in time scale, spatial scale and the number of parameters, while the difficulty of calculation and analysis will not be increased.
Activation of Liver X Receptors Inhibits Hedgehog Signaling, Clonogenic Growth, and Self-Renewal in Multiple Myeloma

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in a wide variety of human cancers, and recent clinical studies have demonstrated that pathway inhibitors are effective in advanced basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The majority of these agents have been designed to target SMOOTHENED (SMO), a transmembrane regulator of Hh signaling, but subsequent mutations in SMO have been found to generate drug resistance. In other cancers, oncogenic events that bypass SMO may activate canonical Hh signaling, and SMO antagonists have not demonstrated significant activity in several diseases. Therefore, alternative strategies targeting the Hh pathway downstream of SMO may have clinical utility. Liver X receptors (LXR) regulate cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis, and LXR activation can inhibit the Hh pathway in normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We examined the effects of LXR activation on Hh signaling in human multiple myeloma cells and found that LXR agonists inhibited Hh pathway activity and clonogenic tumor growth in vitro. LXR activation also inhibited putative multiple myeloma cancer stem cells in vivo leading to the loss of tumor initiating and self-renewal potential. Finally, Hh signaling was inhibited downstream of SMO, suggesting that LXR agonists may represent a novel strategy to target pathogenic Hh signaling as well as treat multiple myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(7); 1873–81. ©2014 AACR.
An SMDP-Based Service Model for Interdomain Resource Allocation in Mobile Cloud Networks

Mobile cloud computing is a promising technique that shifts the data and computing service modules from individual devices to a geographically distributed cloud service architecture. A general mobile cloud computing system is comprised of multiple cloud domains, and each domain manages a portion of the cloud system resources, such as the Central Processing Unit, memory and storage, etc. How to efficiently manage the cloud resources across multiple cloud domains is critical for providing continuous mobile cloud services. In this paper, we propose a service decision making system for interdomain service transfer to balance the computation loads among multiple cloud domains. Our system focuses on maximizing the rewards for both the cloud system and the users by minimizing the number of service rejections that degrade the user satisfaction level significantly. To this end, we formulate the service request decision making process as a semi-Markov decision process. The optimal service transfer decisions are obtained by jointly considering the system incomes and expenses. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed decision making system can significantly improve the system rewards and decrease service disruptions compared with the greedy approach.
Modeling transport of interstitial potassium in regional myocardial ischemia: effect on the injury current

Myocardial ischemia leads to an efflux of potassium ions from affected cells. The resulting depolarization of the resting membrane is one of the main features of ischemic myocardium. It has been shown experimentally that a part of the surplus interstitial potassium is transported out of the ischemic zone, even if no coronary blood flow is present in the affected area. We propose to model this transport mechanism mathematically with a diffusion equation. This model explains the measured spatial profiles of extracellular potential and potassium concentration. In addition, it allows a quantitative prediction of the transmembrane current that flows as a result of ischemia-induced depolarization. This current is thought to play a role in arrhythmogenicity, which is an important cause of mortality in acute myocardial infarction. Our model predicts that this current reaches its maximum exactly on the border of the hypoxic area. An important depolarizing current would be present just within the border, where hypoxia is accompanied by a resting membrane potential that is only slightly elevated, due to coupling with the adjacent normal tissue. Still, in the presence of potassium transport the predicted current density is not large enough to explain ectopic activation on the lateral border of the ischemia. This suggests that activation is more likely to occur at the endocardium, where the potassium gradient is steeper.
Teaching and learning software project management: A hands-on approach

Project management is an essential activity across several areas, including Software Engineering. Through good management it is possible to achieve deadlines, budgets goals and mainly delivering a product that meets customer expectations. Project management activity encompasses: measurement and metrics; estimation; risk analysis; schedules; tracking and control. Considering the importance of managing projects, it is necessary that courses related to Information Technology and Computer Science present to students concepts, techniques and methodology necessary to cover all project management activities. Software project management courses aim at preparing students to apply management techniques required to plan, organize, monitor and control software projects. In a nutshell, software project management focuses on process, problem and people. In this paper we proposed an approach to teaching and learning of software project management using practical activities. The intention of this work is to provide the experience of applying theoretical concepts in practical activities. The teaching and learning approach, applied since 2006 in a Computer Science course, is based on teamwork. Each team is divided into groups assuming different roles of software process development. We have set four groups, each one assuming a different role (manager; software quality assurance; analyst and designer; programmer). The team must be conducted across the software process by its manager. We use four projects, each group is in charge of managing a different project. In this paper we present the proposed approach (based on hands on activities for project management); we summarize the lessons learned by applying the approach since 2006; we present a qualitative analysis from data collect along the application.
Multi-view Positive and Unlabeled Learning

Learning with Positive and Unlabeled instances (PU learning) arises widely in information retrieval applications. To address the unavailability issue of negative instances, most existing PU learning approaches require to either identify a reliable set of negative instances from the unlabeled data or estimate probability densities as an intermediate step. However, inaccurate negative-instance identication or poor density estimation may severely degrade overall performance of the nal predictive model. To this end, we propose a novel PU learning method based on density ratio estimation without constructing any sets of negative instances or estimating any intermediate densities. To further boost PU learning performance, we extend our proposed learning method in a multi-view manner by utilizing multiple heterogeneous sources. Extensive experimental studies demonstrate the eectiveness of our proposed methods, especially when positive labeled data are limited.
Di-tert-butyl 2,2'-[(biphenyl-4,4'-diyl)-dioxy]diacetate.

The complete molecule of the title compound, C24H30O6, is generated by a crystallographic inversion centre. In the unique part of the mol­ecule, the four-atom –O–CH2–C(= O)–O– chain between the benzene ring and the tert-butyl group assumes a zigzag conformation [O—C—C—O torsion angle = −162.3 (1)°].
Finding Structural Correspondences from Bilingual Parsed Corpus for Corpus-based Translation

In this paper, we describe a system and methods for finding structural correspondences from the paired dependency structures of a source sentence and its translation in a target language. The system we have developed finds word correspondences first, then finds phrasal correspondences based on word correspondences. We have also developed a GUI system with which a user can check and correct the correspondences retrieved by the system. These structural correspondences will be used as raw translation patterns in a corpus-based translation system.
Gaussian MIMO half-duplex relay networks: Approximate optimality of simple schedules

This paper considers a Gaussian network where N half-duplex multiple-antenna relays assist the communication between a source and a destination. A novel antenna switching policy is proposed, where each relays' antenna can be configured to either receive or transmit independently of the others. The rate achieved by noisy network coding is shown to be to within a constant gap from the cut-set bound, where the gap only depends on the total number of antennas in the system. Moreover, the optimal number of different relay antenna configurations needed to attain the constant gap is proved to be at most N + 1, that is, it only depends on the number of relays but not on the total number of antennas. Such a relay scheduling policy is referred to as simple. Through an example, it is shown that independently switching the antennas at the relays not only achieves in general strictly higher rates compared to using the antennas for the same purpose, but can actually provide a strictly larger pre-log factor. This implies that in broadband wireless networks with half-duplex multiple-antenna relays, the relay antennas should be dynamically configured to either transmit of receive depending on the channel conditions.
The zero resource speech challenge 2017

We describe a new challenge aimed at discovering subword and word units from raw speech. This challenge is the followup to the Zero Resource Speech Challenge 2015. It aims at constructing systems that generalize across languages and adapt to new speakers. The design features and evaluation metrics of the challenge are presented and the results of seventeen models are discussed.
Regulation of MHC Class II Antigen Presentation by Sorting of Recycling HLA-DM/DO and Class II within the Multivesicular Body1

MHC class II molecules bind antigenic peptides in the late endosomal/lysosomal MHC class II compartments (MIIC) before cell surface presentation. The class II modulatory molecules HLA-DM and HLA-DO mainly localize to the MIICs. Here we show that DM/DO complexes continuously recycle between the plasma membrane and the lysosomal MIICs. Like DMβ and the class II-associated invariant chain, the DOβ cytoplasmic tail contains potential lysosomal targeting signals. The DOβ signals, however, are not essential for internalization of the DM/DO complex from the plasma membrane or targeting to the MIICs. Instead, the DOβ tail determines the distribution of both DM/DO and class II within the multivesicular MIIC by preferentially localizing them to the limiting membrane and, in lesser amounts, to the internal membranes. This distribution augments the efficiency of class II antigenic peptide loading by affecting the efficacy of lateral interaction between DM/DO and class II molecules. Sorting of DM/DO and class II molecules to specific localizations within the MIIC represents a novel way of regulating MHC class II Ag presentation.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase in Cardiac Syndrome X: Role of Superoxide Dismutase Activity

Background—Morbidity of patients with Syndrome X (SX; chest pain and normal coronary angiograms) is high and is associated with continuing episodes of chest pain and hospitalization. Impairment of microvascular endothelial function caused by increased oxidative stress has been suggested to be a mechanism of the disease. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the major antioxidant enzyme system of the vascular wall. This study sought to establish whether combination treatment with ACE inhibitors and statins reduces oxidative stress and improves quality of life of patients with cardiac SX. Methods and Results—Forty-five patients with SX were randomly assigned to receive either a combination of ramipril (10 mg/d) and atorvastatin (40 mg/d) or placebo for 6 months. We determined the activity of extracellular SOD and its relation to flow-dependent endothelium-mediated dilation (FMD) and quality of life (exercise capacity and score with Seattle Angina Questionnaire [SAQ]) before and after treatment. After 6 months, patients with SX who received atorvastatin and ramipril had significantly reduced (P =0.001) SOD levels (188.1±29.6 U/mL). No significant changes were seen on placebo (262.9±48.8 U/mL). Reduction of SOD after therapy was negatively correlated with FMD (r =0.38; P =0.01) and positively with total cholesterol (r =−0.56; P <0.001). At follow-up, patients taking atorvastatin and ramipril improved their quality of life both in terms of exercise duration (by 23.46%) and SAQ (by 64.1%). Conclusions—Six months of therapy with atorvastatin and ramipril improves endothelial function and quality of life of patients with SX. Reduced SOD activity may reflect low superoxide anion production. Benefits of these drugs may be related to reduction of oxidative stress.
SweepFinder2: increased sensitivity, robustness and flexibility

UNLABELLED SweepFinder is a widely used program that implements a powerful likelihood-based method for detecting recent positive selection, or selective sweeps. Here, we present SweepFinder2, an extension of SweepFinder with increased sensitivity and robustness to the confounding effects of mutation rate variation and background selection. Moreover, SweepFinder2 has increased flexibility that enables the user to specify test sites, set the distance between test sites and utilize a recombination map. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION SweepFinder2 is a freely-available (www.personal.psu.edu/mxd60/sf2.html) software package that is written in C and can be run from a Unix command line. CONTACT mxd60@psu.edu.
Epidemiology of chickenpox in France (1991-1995).

STUDY OBJECTIVES To decide whether a mass immunisation against chickenpox should be or should not be organised, it is important to have up to date data on the disease and to have baseline data to further assess a mass immunisation strategy, if any. DESIGN Recent chickenpox epidemiology (age and sex distribution, seasonal dynamic and complications) in France are reviewed. SETTING The system works with about 500 Sentinelle general practitioners (SGPs) and has provided surveillance of frequent communicable diseases in continental France since 1984. PARTICIPANTS The data were collected by the computerised Sentinelle system. The Sentinelle system uses a videotex server that allows information exchange, data entry, and synthetic return of information. Chickenpox was defined as a sudden onset of typical skin eruption with pruritus, leaving scabs and associated with moderate fever. For each reported case, the SGP gave information on the age of the patient, sex, prevailing childcare for the children, contacts and complications (skin superinfections, lower and upper respiratory infections, conjunctivitis and corneal infections, nervous system injuries, stomatitis and others). Spectral analysis was used to detect cyclical patterns. MAIN RESULTS Between 1991 and 1995, 15,817 cases of chickenpox were reported and provided the basis for the analysis. The yearly national incidence was 1.0-1.35 cases per 100 inhabitants. A pronounced annual periodicity of the incidence was observed and confirmed by spectral analysis. Ninety two per cent of chickenpox cases occurred in children under 14 years of age with about 5% being under one. Complications were reported in 2% of the cases. Common complications reported were skin superinfections, lower and upper respiratory tract infections. However, 21 cases out of 318 complications were nervous system injuries including six encephalitis or cerebellar ataxia. All these cases recovered completely. CONCLUSIONS Chickenpox is usually a benign childhood disease. This study affords up to date observations on the disease in France. A large panel of complications has been reported. This paper provides the first attempt to describe the epidemiology of chickenpox in France.
Deformable Anatomic Templates Embed Knowledge Into Brain Images: Part 2. Validation Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Motor Hand

Objective This study evaluated the concordance between the Deformable Anatomic Template (DAT)–identified origin of motor hand fibers and localization of the motor cortex of the hand by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods Preoperative fMRI during hand motor tasks was performed on 36 hemispheres in 26 patients with gliomas in or near eloquent areas. Reformatted volume-rendered surface images were labeled with the DAT’s hand motor fibers and fMRI data. Five reviewers assessed the data for concordance. Results Available fMRI data were diagnostically usable in 92% (33/36 analyzed hemispheres), with DAT anatomic accuracy in the remaining cases. The DAT prediction and fMRI findings were concordant in all 9 normal hemispheres and in 20 (83%) of 24 glioma-bearing hemispheres. The 4 discordant cases resulted from substantial mass effect by large frontal tumors. Conclusions This study validated DAT’s anatomic atlas and alignment process for the expected position of the motor cortex of the hand.
On the complexity of learning for a spiking neuron (extended abstract)

Spiking neurons are models for the computational units in biological neural systems where information is considered to be encoded mainly in the temporal patterns of their activity. They provide a way of analyzing neural computation that is not captured by the traditional neuron models such as sigmoidal and threshold gates (or “Perceptrons”). We introduce a simple model of a spiking neuron that, in addition to the weights that model the plasticity of synaptic strength, also has variable transmission delays between neurons as programmable parameters. For coding of input and output values two modes are taken into account: binary coding for the Boolean and analog coding for the real-valued domain. We investigate the complexity of learning for a single spiking neuron within the framework of PAC-learnability. With regard to sample complexity, we prove that the VC-dimension is O(nlogn) and, hence, strictly larger than that of a threshold gate. In particular, the lower bound holds for binary coding and even if all weights are kept fixed. The upper bound is valid for the case of analog coding if weights and delays are programmable. With regard to computational complexity, we show that there is no polynomial-time PAClearning algorithm, unless RP = NP, for a quite *Address: Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, Technische Universitgt Graz, Klosterwiesgasse 32/2, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Email: {maass,mschmitt}Qigi.tu-graz.ac. at, http://www.cis. tu-graz.ac. at/igi/ pennisioll to make di&l/hnrd copies ofall or pa11 ofthis mated for perso,,al or &qsroom use is granted without Ike provided chat lhe copia me not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage. 11~ COPY right notice, the title of the puhlicntiou and it< date appear. ad notice is given thar copyright is hy pemkion of the ACM, Inc. TO copy othemk. to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute lo list%, requires specific permission and/or fee COLT 97 Nashville, Tennesee. USA Copy+1 1997 ACM 0-89791-891-6/97t7.S3. TO restricted spiking neuron that is only slightly more powerful than a Boolean threshold gate: The consistency problem for a spiking neuron using binary coding and programmable delays from (0, l} is NP-complete. This holds even if all weights are kept fixed. The results demonstrate that temporal coding has a surprisingly large impact on the complexity of learning for single neurons.