Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised feature selection for outlier detection in categorical data using mutual information

Outlier detection in high dimensional categorical data has been a problem of much interest due to the extensive use of qualitative features for describing the data across various application areas. Though there exist various established methods for dealing with the dimensionality aspect through feature selection on numerical data, the categorical domain is actively being explored. As outlier detection is generally considered as an unsupervised learning problem due to lack of knowledge about the nature of various types of outliers, the related feature selection task also needs to be handled in a similar manner. This motivates the need to develop an unsupervised feature selection algorithm for efficient detection of outliers in categorical data. Addressing this aspect, we propose a novel feature selection algorithm based on the mutual information measure and the entropy computation. The redundancy among the features is characterized using the mutual information measure for identifying a suitable feature subset with less redundancy. The performance of the proposed algorithm in comparison with the information gain based feature selection shows its effectiveness for outlier detection. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on various high-dimensional benchmark data sets employing two existing outlier detection methods.
Latency layered rendering for mobile augmented reality

Augmented reality requires accurate alignment of virtual objects with objects in the real world. This requires extremely low endto-end latency from tracking to display. For mobile use these requirements are even more difficult to achieve when one considers the unrestricted situation of a user walking around and using a wireless, wearable unit that should be small and have low power consumption. To meet these conflicting requirements, we propose a latency-layered system that combines fast tracking and rendering techniques, using approximate geometric models, with slower but more accurate techniques. In this way very fast viewpoint estimates and image updates can be achieved, followed by slightly slower but more correct viewpoint estimates and image updates. We present a model to tradeoff image accuracy and model complexity with respect to the available rendering power and memory at the mobile unit and the cost of transferring information over a wireless link from a computer station to the mobile unit.
Toward Better Interactions in Recommender Systems: Cycling and Serpentining Approaches for Top-N Item Lists

Current recommender systems often show the same most-highly recommended items again and again ignoring the feedback that users neither rate nor click on those items. We conduct an online field experiment to test two ways of manipulating top-N recommendations with the goal of improving user experience: cycling the top-N recommendation based on their past presentation and serpentining the top-N list mixing the best items into later recommendation requests. We find interesting tensions between opt-outs and activities, user perceived accuracy and freshness. Cycling within the same session might be a "love it or hate it" recommender property because users in it have a higher opt-out rate but engage in more activities. Cycling across sessions and serpentining increase user activities without significantly affecting opt-out rates. Users perceive more change and freshness but less accuracy and familiarity. Combining cycling and serpentining does not work as well as each individual manipulation separately. These two ways of manipulations on top-N list demonstrate some attractive properties but also call for innovative approaches to overcome their potential costs.
Analysis and Design of Secure Massive MIMO Systems in the Presence of Hardware Impairments

To keep the hardware costs of future communications systems manageable, the use of low-cost hardware components is desirable. This is particularly true for the emerging massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems which equip base stations (BSs) with a large number of antenna elements. However, low-cost transceiver designs will further accentuate the hardware impairments, which are present in any practical communication system. In this paper, we investigate the impact of hardware impairments on the secrecy performance of downlink massive MIMO systems in the presence of a passive multiple-antenna eavesdropper. Thereby, for the BS and the legitimate users, the joint effects of multiplicative phase noise, additive distortion noise, and amplified receiver noise are taken into account, whereas the eavesdropper is assumed to employ ideal hardware. We derive a lower bound for the ergodic secrecy rate of a given user when matched filter data precoding and artificial noise (AN) transmission are employed at the BS. Based on the derived analytical expression, we investigate the impact of the various system parameters on the secrecy rate and optimize both the pilot sets used for uplink training and the AN precoding. Our analytical and simulation results reveal that: 1) the additive distortion noise at the BS may be beneficial for the secrecy performance, especially if the power assigned for AN emission is not sufficient; 2) all other hardware impairments have a negative impact on the secrecy performance; 3) despite their susceptibility to pilot interference in the presence of phase noise, so-called spatially orthogonal pilot sequences are preferable unless the phase noise is very strong; and 4) the proposed generalized null-space AN precoding method can efficiently mitigate the negative effects of phase noise.
Theoretical study of the ionospheric plasma cave in the equatorial ionization anomaly region

This paper investigates the physical mechanism of an unusual equatorial electron density structure, plasma cave, located underneath the equatorial ionization anomaly by using theoretical simulations. The simulation results provide important new understanding of the dynamics of the equatorial ionosphere. It has been suggested previously that unusual E⇀×B⇀ drifts might be responsible for the observed plasma cave structure, but model simulations in this paper suggest that the more likely cause is latitudinal meridional neutral wind variations. The neutral winds are featured by two divergent wind regions at off‐equator latitudes and a convergent wind region around the magnetic equator, resulting in plasma divergences and convergence, respectively, to form the plasma caves structure. The tidal‐decomposition analysis further suggests that the cave related meridional neutral winds and the intensity of plasma cave are highly associated with the migrating terdiurnal tidal component of the neutral winds.
Assessing Robustness of Optimisation Performance for Problems With Expensive Evaluation Functions

In complex engineering problems, the objective functions can be very slow to evaluate, restricting the optimisation process to only a few hundred objective calculations. Often the optimisation process can only be performed once, requiring a good solution from the single run. Thus we need a robust approach to algorithm development and tuning. This paper introduces a new metric for quantifying the performance of different algorithms on different test functions relative to the range of performance expected from a random search. As a random search is a repeatable benchmark for any objective function, the metric can be applied as an absolute, rather than relative metric. The metric allows the best, worst and median performance of different algorithms to be compared directly, even for optimisation runs with only tens of evaluations. Additionally a new optimisation algorithm, based on a Voronoi decomposition of the decision space, is presented that provides reliable optimisation performance, but with a very limited number of function evaluations. The paper evaluates the performance of the new algorithm with the new metric on a range of surfaces and against a typical evolutionary approach.
Determination of workspace for motion capture using Kinect

This paper describes the method of determining the workspace for shooting motion capture in real time. Sensor Kinect for Windows v1 and v2 were selected for motion capture, Kinect2BVH program for recording data in the format of BioVision Hierarchy and mathematical processor MATLAB for computation and data visualization. In order to identify the zone in which Kinect successfully reconstructs skeleton, we conducted an experiment in which a person moves smoothly in the captured space. Reconstruction errors are defined as sudden unnatural acceleration of movement of the limbs. The result is a distribution map of the skeletal reconstruction accuracy in the area of Kinect v1 vision. Also, calculations were made to determine the limits of angular accelerations bending joints, and as a result more accurate maps were obtained for the capture with Kinect v1 and v2. These developments are used to construct virtual reality scenes.
MICROSEISMIC MONITORING OF THE WORLD ’ S LARGEST POTENTIAL HDR RESERVOIR

The current phase of the European Hot Dry Rock Project at Soultz-sous-Forêts requires the drilling of two additional deep wells to 5000 m depth into the crystalline basement, to form a module consisting of a central injector and two producers. The first well GPK-2 was drilled to 5000 m in 1999 and stimulated in 2000. The well GPK-3 (the injector) was drilled in 2002 and targeted using microseismic and other data. The bottom hole temperature was 200.6 oC and separation between the two wells at the bottom is around 600 m. GPK3 was then stimulated to enhance the permeability between the wells. A number of stimulation techniques were tried including “focused” stimulation, a novel method of injecting simultaneously in two wells. Microseismic monitoring, flow logging and other diagnostic methods were used during these injections. The “sparse” microseismic network at the Soultz site consists of a number of seismic sensors deployed in wells between 1500 m and 3600 m deep with bottom hole temperatures of 130-160 oC. A 48 channel, 22 bit data digitizing unit was used for data acquisition in conjunction with proprietary software to carry out automatic timing and location in real time. This gave a real time decision-making possibility and control of the reservoir. This was the first time that such an interactive method had been carried out at this site. Around 90 000 micro-earthquakes were triggered during these injections and about 9 000 events were automatically timed and located in real time. These stimulations created a total reservoir volume in excess of 3 km. This is the largest stimulated volume in the development of HDR technology to date. The data suggest that “focused” stimulation may have a significant advantage over a single well stimulation technique and may be a way forward for efficient stimulation of larger separations between wells, thus improving the economic viability and acceptance of HDR/HFR/EGS systems. It is recognized that the reservoir creation process generates microseismic events but generation of bigger events (30 events approaching 2ML & one up to 2.9ML during this campaign) may retard the acceptance of this technology in an urban environment. This needs further studies to understand the processes and find a procedure to reduce the incidence of larger events.
ATMOS observations of nitric oxide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere

The nitric oxide density in the Earth's atmosphere between 50 and 130 km was measured by the ATMOS (Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy) experiment onboard the Spacelab 3 mission on April 30, 1985 and May 1, 1985. Three observations were made at geographic latitudes of 35°N, 34°N, and 29°N which correspond to geomagnetic latitudes of 26°N, 44°N, and 39°N. The ATMOS measurements of nitric oxide in the thermosphere were compared to SME measurements made during the same time period. The two techniques agree within the geophysical variability of thermospheric nitric oxide. The observations show that during a geomagnetic storm there is a strong latitudinal gradient in the nitric oxide density in the lower thermosphere. Comparison of the observations with a one-dimensional time-dependent model shows that at midlatitudes, nitric oxide is transported downward from the thermosphere into the mesosphere as low as 70 km but not downward into the stratosphere.
Adaptive domain modelling for information retrieval

Modern search engines employ a number of interactive features to assist users in exploring the document collection and expressing their information needs. Providing these features require knowledge about the document collection in the domain, i.e. a domain model. These models may be difficult to obtain and even if they are available, they may become out of date when the document collection changes or the users start to view the domain differently. In this thesis we propose to use implicit feedback left by users while they interact with search engines to build domain models that evolve over time. These models can adapt to changes in the domain as reflected in the search trend of the user population. We validate these models in two different IR tasks. The major application is query recommendation where previous studies focused on Web search in general or did not consider the temporal aspect of recommendations. Our models address these issues as they are targeted to specific domains such as enterprise search or digital libraries. We furthermore devise an automatic evaluation methodology that allows us to perform extensive evaluation of our adaptive models and observe their performance over time. Using query logs collected from two academic institutions, the evaluation framework assesses the impact of different factors on their performance. The second application of these models is query session retrieval. The query session retrieval problem extends the traditional ad-hoc retrieval by taking into account the previous user interactions with the retrieval system within the same session when answering the query. In this context rather than explicitly providing the user with relevant queries to their information needs, our adaptive models implicitly derive query expansions relevant to the user information needs as identified in the sessions by mapping the session to similar sessions inferred from the models.
Biophysical Studies on Interactions and Assembly of Full-size E3 Ubiquitin Ligase

Background: The component subunits of CRL E3 ligases assemble into specific complexes. Results: Components of CRL5SOCS2 were identified from human cell lysate, the full-size complex was reconstituted in vitro, and protein-protein interactions were biophysically characterized. Conclusion: CRL5SOCS2 components exist in a monomeric state, and proposed structural models are supported by ion mobility mass spectrometry. Significance: We provide structural insights into the assembly of full-size CRL5SOCS2 that can aid development of small molecules targeting CRL complexes. The multisubunit cullin RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) target post-translationally modified substrates for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins play important roles in inflammatory processes, diabetes, and cancer and therefore represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. The SOCS proteins, among their other functions, serve as substrate receptors of CRL5 complexes. A member of the CRL family, SOCS2-EloBC-Cul5-Rbx2 (CRL5SOCS2), binds phosphorylated growth hormone receptor as its main substrate. Here, we demonstrate that the components of CRL5SOCS2 can be specifically pulled from K562 human cell lysates using beads decorated with phosphorylated growth hormone receptor peptides. Subsequently, SOCS2-EloBC and full-length Cul5-Rbx2, recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and in Sf21 insect cells, respectively, were used to reconstitute neddylated and unneddylated CRL5SOCS2 complexes in vitro. Finally, diverse biophysical methods were employed to study the assembly and interactions within the complexes. Unlike other E3 ligases, CRL5SOCS2 was found to exist in a monomeric state as confirmed by size exclusion chromatography with inline multiangle static light scattering and native MS. Affinities of the protein-protein interactions within the multisubunit complex were measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. A structural model for full-size neddylated and unneddylated CRL5SOCS2 complexes is supported by traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry data.
A comparison of existence-based multitarget trackers for multistatic sonar

In this paper, Joint Integrated Probabilistic Data Association Filter (JIPDAF) and Sequential Sampling Particle Filter with Existence (SSPFE) trackers are applied to the problem of multitarget multistatic sonar tracking. The performance of these algorithms is compared using the recent benchmark Passive and Active Contact Simulator (PACsim) data sets. JIPDAF is shown to have better localisation performance than SSPFE for low clutter density scenarios, but the implementation used here was found to suffer from the algorithm's exponential complexity and was unable to process a high clutter density scenario in reasonable time. While the SSPFE was able to provide tracks for all scenarios, it suffered from a high false track rate for the high clutter density scenario.
Equitoxic Doses of 5-Azacytidine and 5-Aza-2′Deoxycytidine Induce Diverse Immediate and Overlapping Heritable Changes in the Transcriptome

Background The hypomethylating agent 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza-CR) is the first drug to prolong overall survival in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Surprisingly, the deoxyribonucleoside analog 5-Aza-2′deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) did not have a similar effect on survival in a large clinical trial. Both drugs are thought to exert their effects after incorporation into DNA by covalent binding of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT). While 5-Aza-CdR is incorporated into only DNA, 5-Aza-CR is also incorporated into RNA. Here, we have analyzed whether this difference in nucleic acid incorporation may influence the capacities of these drugs to regulate the expression of mRNA and microRNAs (miRNA), which may potentially affect the activities of the drugs in patients. Methodology/Principal Findings A hematopoietic (HL-60; acute myeloid leukemia) and a solid (T24; transitional cell carcinoma) cancer cell line were treated with equitoxic doses of 5-Aza-CR and 5-Aza-CdR for 24 hrs, and the immediate (day 2) and lasting (day 8) effects on RNA expression examined. There was considerable overlap between the RNAs heritably upregulated by both drugs on day 8 but more RNAs were stably induced by the deoxy analog. Both drugs strongly induced expression of cancer testis antigens. On day 2 more RNAs were downregulated by 5-Aza-CR, particularly at higher doses. A remarkable downregulation of miRNAs and a significant upregulation of tRNA synthetases and other genes involved in amino acid metabolism was observed in T24 cells. Conclusions/Significance Overall, this suggests that significant differences exist in the immediate action of the two drugs, however the dominant pattern of the lasting, and possible heritable changes, is overlapping.
Problematic but promising ponds? Palaeoenvironmental evidence from the Norse Eastern Settlement of Greenland

Pollen‐ and related proxy‐based studies of human–environment interactions during the Norse and later periods within Greenland have primarily involved the investigation of peat, lake and soil deposits, all of which have taphonomic and sampling problems. Many small ponds exist, but they seem to have been relatively ignored in investigations of palaeoecologically based environmental history. To evaluate their usefulness for studies of ecologically related cultural history, especially where sites are in intimate association with the archaeology, a pond in the Norse Eastern Settlement has been examined to investigate three principal questions: (i) Does such a site contain a useful record of environmental history? (ii) Does it offer a record of sufficient resolution and sensitivity for the study of anthropogenic landscape impacts? (iii) Are there any apparent drawbacks to these sequences? Using data obtained from palynological, diatom, sedimentological and radiocarbon analyses, it is concluded that environmental data for each proxy – aside from 14C dating – are clearly capable of being explained in a reasonably straightforward and compatible manner and fulfil the hopes for the sampling medium. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relative risk of neurological signs in siblings of patients with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE First-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia appear to have subtle neurological signs, suggesting that these measures could serve as intermediate phenotypes in genetic studies of schizophrenia. The strength of a possible genetic component is unknown, however, leaving it uncertain whether such traits could increase the power to find schizophrenia susceptibility loci. The authors' goal was to investigate the strength of this possible genetic component. METHOD They estimated the relative risk of neurological impairments in a large group of siblings of patients with schizophrenia. Two standard neurological scales (the Neurological Evaluation Scale and the Woods Scale) were used to examine 115 patients, 185 of their siblings, and 88 normal comparison subjects. RESULTS There were significant differences between the siblings of patients with schizophrenia and the normal comparison subjects only on the Woods Scale. Relative risk of neurological impairment was significantly increased in the sibling group, but the significance was weak to moderate. Neurological impairment was not redundant with several other intermediate phenotypic measures based on cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that neurological signs cluster in patients with schizophrenia and their families and could possibly identify a unique component of genetic variance for risk of schizophrenia. However, the fairly low relative risk and the uncertain pathophysiology of such signs may limit their usefulness.
ISOCAM mapping of the Ophiuchi main cloud

We present preliminary results of the ISOCAM survey of the Ophiuchi main cloud L1688 (0.5 square degrees) conducted in the two broad-band filters LW2 (5-8.5 m) and LW3 (12-18 m). This letter focuses on the properties of the extended emission. ISOCAM observations have revealed several previously unknown characteristics of the mid–IR diffuse emission: the small scale filamentary structure (thickness 0.03 pc) of the emission at the illuminated edge of the molecular cloud, the sharpness of color variations at cloud edges, the barely resolved filamentary structure of the dust emission surrounding a bright embedded source, and several dense cores seen as sharp and deep absorption structures against the diffuse cloud background.
Diffracted P‐wave studies of the Earth's core: 2. Lower mantle velocity, core size, lower mantle structure

Preliminary travel times of diffracted P waves have been determined to distances of 167° and found to have an apparent velocity at the surface of 24.55±0.08 km/sec, rather than the Jeffreys-Bullen value of 25 km/sec. The diffracted wave velocity has been used with Jeffreys' solution of the Herglotz-Wiechert equation (giving the velocity structure of the mantle) to determine a core size of 3537±9 km and a lower mantle velocity of 13.64±0.045 km/sec. These values are shown to be consistent with a shadow boundary determination of 96°, established by different methods in an earlier study. The dispersion is less than 1% over a 25- to 2.5-sec period range, suggesting absence of structure at the base of the mantle. There is, however, suggestion of circumferential irregularity at the core-mantle interface.