Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The lived experience of genocide rape survivors in Rwanda.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of women who were raped during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. METHODS A phenomenological approach was used and this study was carried out in Rwanda in three different locations. The 7 participants took part in three semi-structured, individual interviews which were audiotaped. RESULTS Participants reported many themes unique to Rwandan women survivors of genocide. These themes included violation by perceived inferiors, loss of dignity and respect, loss of identity, social isolation, loss of hope for the future (i.e., HIV/AIDS), the ongoing torture of rape babies, and developing a sense of community. CONCLUSIONS Rwandan women survivors of the 1994 genocide have lived through unimaginable suffering. Limited information is available regarding the experiences of these rape survivors and this information could create awareness and some understanding of what these women endured. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study can help nurses to understand the sequelae of war and rape and thus have needed information which can be used to offer assistance to women in these circumstances.
National Participation in School-Based Agricultural Education: Considering Ethnicity, Sex, and Income.

An empirical understanding of the value school-based agricultural education (SBAE) offers has been limited due to lack of widespread, longitudinal studies addressing the impacts of student participation in SBAE. Grounded in the theory of involvement, data from a nation-wide, longitudinal study were analyzed to explore ethnicity and income among students with varying levels of vocational club and SBAE involvement. Results indicated Black males had high involvement in non-SBAE vocational clubs but low involvement in SBAE-vocational clubs. Black and Hispanic females enrolled in SBAE at rates close to the percentages in the high school population; however, Black and Hispanic females rarely attained officer roles in SBAE-vocational clubs. White females, on the other hand, dominated officer roles within SBAE vocational clubs. Results also indicate females enrolled in SBAE who served as officers earned an additional $10,507 annually compared to non-SBAE, female officers. However, regarding the impact of involvement in SBAE on males who serve as officers, results indicate decreased income compared to their nonSBAE peers. Findings are discussed in relation to the theory of involvement, with an emphasis on recommendations for further research.
Strain‐specific viral properties of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) are encoded by the agent and not by host prion protein

Human CJD, endemic sheep scrapie, epidemic bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are caused by a group of related but molecularly uncharacterized infectious agents. The UK‐BSE agent infected many species, including humans where it causes variant CJD (vCJD). As in most viral infections, different TSE disease phenotypes are determined by both the agent strain and the host species. TSE strains are most reliably classified by incubation time and regional neuropathology in mice expressing wild‐type (wt) prion protein (PrP). We compared vCJD to other human and animal derived TSE strains in both mice and neuronal cultures expressing wt murine PrP. Primary and serial passages of the human vCJD agent, as well as the highly selected mutant 263K sheep scrapie agent, revealed profound strain‐specific characteristics were encoded by the agent, not by host PrP. Prion theory posits that PrP converts itself into the infectious agent, and thus short incubations require identical PrP sequences in the donor and recipient host. However, wt PrP mice injected with human vCJD brain homogenates showed dramatically shorter primary incubation times than mice expressing only human PrP, a finding not in accord with a PrP species barrier. All mouse passage brains showed the vCJD agent derived from a stable BSE strain. Additionally, both vCJD brain and monotypic neuronal cultures produced a diagnostic 19 kDa PrP fragment previously observed only in BSE and vCJD primate brains. Monotypic cultures can be used to identify the intrinsic, strain‐determining molecules of TSE infectious particles. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 220–231, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temperature and Solar Radiation Interactions on 3H‐leucine Incorporation by Bacterioplankton in a Subtropical Estuary

Although the effects of UV radiation are thought to be temperature independent, the photoinhibition of aquatic bacteria may be temperature dependent owing to enzymatic repair kinetics, an important consideration for climate change analyses. We examined the interactions between temperature and solar radiation in water samples collected from the Blackwater River, Pensacola Bay, and the coastal Gulf of Mexico (Florida) in July 2008. Subsamples were incubated in the dark for 20 h at either the in situ temperature, +5°C from in situ or −5°C from in situ after which they were amended with 3H‐leucine and irradiated in full sunlight at their respective temperatures and compared to samples incubated simultaneously in the dark. Temperature and light significantly affected 3H‐leucine incorporation at all locations and interactive effects between temperature and sunlight were found for Pensacola Bay and the Gulf. Generally, warmer waters reduced photoinhibition. The −5°C treatment was always significantly more inhibited than the +5°C treatment, but the in situ temperature and +5°C and −5°C treatments were not always significantly different. Photoinhibition reduction at warmer temperatures suggests specific effects on photobiology not observed in general cellular activity may be important in determining interactive ecosystem effects of climate change.
Loss of SED1/MFG‐E8 results in altered luminal physiology in the epididymis

SED1/MFG‐E8, herein referred to as SED1, is a bimotif adhesive protein with ascribed functions in a range of cell–cell interactions, including sperm‐egg binding. In the male reproductive tract, SED1 is secreted by the initial segment of the epididymis, where it coats sperm and subsequently facilitates binding to the egg zona pellucida. We have recently reported that SED1‐null epididymides show an unexpected incidence of spermatic granulomas, reflecting breakdown of the epithelium and a consequent autoimmune response against sperm antigens. However, spermatic granulomas are most often manifest in the distal segments of the epididymis, whereas the bulk of SED1 is expressed in the proximal epididymis. In some models, the presence of granulomas in the distal epididymis is associated with an underlying defect in the maintenance of luminal fluid homeostasis. Herein, we report that SED1‐null epididymal fluid is both hypo‐osmotic and alkaline, relative to wildtype epididymal fluid. Furthermore, the SED1‐null epididymal epithelium exhibits various hallmarks of disrupted fluid reabsorption and pH regulation, including altered morphology of clear cells, increased intracellular vesicles, and apical distribution of VATPase. Results indicate that the SED1‐null epididymal pathologies are not the secondary consequences of defective testes or efferent ducts or of improper epididymal differentiation, unlike that seen in other epididymal models. The expression and distribution of various ion exchangers, channels, and enzymes that mediate fluid transport and pH regulation are examined in wildtype and SED1‐null epididymides, and models to account for how SED1 functions in luminal fluid dynamics are discussed. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 550–563, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technical Education, Non-cognitive Skills and Labor Market Outcomes: Experimental Evidence from Brazil

Abstract This paper describes the results from an evaluation of a public policy that offers scholarships to current and former public high school students, so that they can attend technical and vocational education courses free of charge. We use a waiting list randomized controlled trial in four municipalities in a southern Brazilian State (Santa Catarina) to quantify the effects of the program on school progression, labor market outcomes and non-cognitive skills. Our intention-to-treat estimates reveal substantial gender heterogeneity two years after program completion. Women experienced large gains in labor market outcomes and non-cognitive skills. Employment rose by 21 percentage points (or approximately 33%) and the gains in earnings are of more than 50%. Also, women who received the offer scored 0. 5σ higher on the synthetic index of non-cognitive skills and 0. 69σ higher on an extraversion indicator. We find no effects on the male sub-sample. These findings corroborate the evidence on gender heterogeneity in the labor market effects of technical and vocational education programs. We also perform a series of exercises to explore potential channels through which these effects arise.
Genetic algorithm-based variable translation wavelet neural network and its application

A variable translation wavelet neural network (VTWNN) trained by genetic algorithm is presented in this paper. In the proposed wavelet neural network, the translation parameters are variables depending on the network inputs. Thanks to the variable translation parameter, the network becomes an adaptive one, providing better performance and increased learning ability than conventional wavelet neural networks. Genetic algorithm is applied to train the parameters of the proposed wavelet neural network. An application example on short-term daily electric load forecasting in Hong Kong is presented to show the merits of the proposed network.
Relationship between Remittance and Economic Growth: Evidence from Bangladesh

Remittance is one of the major sources of capital especially for the developing countries like Bangladesh. This study attempts to explore the relationship between remittance and economic growth in Bangladesh. Time series data from 1995-2016 extracted from the World Bank database as well as Bangladesh Bank statistics were used to measure the relationship of remittance and gross domestic product (GDP) with some other variables such as gross capital formation, gross domestic saving and household final consumption expenditure. Pearson’s correlation coefficient is estimated between the variables. Moreover, annual growth (%) of remittance earning by Bangladesh has been calculated and compared with the GDP growth of Bangladesh. The study has found that on an average, remittance of Bangladesh has been increased by 10.85% from 1995-2016 which is higher than the average growth of the country’s GDP. It has revealed that there is a positive relationship of remittance with the GDP, gross capital formation, domestic saving and household final consumption expenditure in case of Bangladesh. However, there is a frequent fluctuation of remittance flow in Bangladesh in the recent years. Thus, this study recommends that Bangladesh should take proper initiatives for maintaining an increasing trend of remittance in the coming years which would be useful for the socio-economic development of the country.
Spatio-temporal modeling for dense array ERP classification

A new strategy is introduced to exploit the enhanced spatial resolution offered by dense electrode arrays and to solve the dimensionality problem that plagues the design and evaluation of practical dense array event-related potential (ERP) classifiers. A spatio-temporal model is introduced to observe the dense array ERP amplitude variations across channels and time, simultaneously. Dimensionality reduction is achieved by selecting elements of the spatio-temporal arrays which differ in their probability distributions across the brain activity classes. Each selected spatio-temporal element is classified using an univariate Gaussian classifier and the resulting decisions are fused into a decision fusion vector which is classified using a discrete Bayes vector classifier. Using ERPs from a Stroop color test, it is shown that the performance improves significantly when the strategy is applied to normalized spatio-temporal ERP arrays. The main advantage of the new strategy is that it is not constrained by the dimensionality of the ERP vector. Consequently, it can be used to design ERP classifiers specialized for individual test subjects without having to collect a large number of ERPs from groups of subjects in order to solve the dimensionality problem.
Sustainable Justice: Community Connections, Lower Debt, and the Process of Becoming a Work College

This study presents the findings that emerged in a qualitative policy-oriented case study of an institution’s transition to a work college in the United States of America. Researchers collected 32 individual interviews, along with other observational data and institutional archives to understand the appeal of federal policy and government investment in the institution’s transition to a work college. From this data, two findings emerged that promoted the sustainability of the institution: Educational Justice Promotes Cultural Sovereignty and Academic Activism and Political Connections. What emerged in the analysis of the findings was that notions of access, affordability, dignity, sovereignty, and justice are all expressions of sustainability in higher education, which is one part of a societal ecosystem. The institution’s movement toward a work college model created a more sustainable educational model that allowed the institution to access federal policies and government investment inclined toward employability, promote its community, and develop significant political connections and advocacy. Throughout the transition, the institution exhibited profound ethical vision of higher education. This ethical vision—justice through education—stretched beyond the boundaries of the institution and into its adjacent neighborhood, city, and nation.
Factor VIII-Mediated Global Hemostasis in the Absence of von Willebrand Factor

Although the efficacy of recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) in the treatment of type 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD) has been reported, the mechanisms by which FVIII concentrates devoid of von Willebrand factor (VWF) induce improvements in hemostasis are poorly understood. To address the role of FVIII or intrinsic coagulation in the absence of VWF, we performed a hemostatic analysis. Blood samples were obtained before and after the administration of rFVIII to 2 patients with type 3 VWD. A rotating thromboelastometry assay was performed to examine global interactions in hemostasis. Studies of thrombin-and shear-induced platelet aggregation were also conducted to elucidate the effect on platelet activation. Furthermore, we assessed the rise in the thrombin-induced intracellular concentration of free calcium ([Ca2+]i). Addition of rFVIII to preinfusion blood in vitro corrected thromboelastometric parameters and thrombin-induced aggregation. In ex vivo studies, thromboelastometry analysis showed that rFVIII shortened the onset and progression of the coagulation process. Furthermore, rFVIII corrected low shear-induced and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma. In addition, rFVIII improved thrombin-induced [Ca2+]i flux in washed platelets. Our observations suggested that FVIII is incorporated into platelets to activate them, as well as to act directly in intrinsic coagulation in the absence of VWF. FVIII may play a critical role even in the absence of VWF.
Innere Kündigung. Modellentwicklung und empirische Befunde aus einer Untersuchung im Bereich der öffentlichen Verwaltung

Das Phänomen „Innere Kündigung” wird seit Anfang der 80 er Jahre in der Personalforschung und in der Managementpraxis diskutiert. In diesem Artikel wird ein Modell zur „Inneren Kündigung” erarbeitet, dass es möglich macht, (1) das Phänomen von ähnlichen Konzepten wie dem Burnout abzugrenzen und (2) im Rahmen empirischer Forschung zu operationalisieren. Das theoretische Modell wurde vom Autor in einer schriftlichen Personalbefragung in einer öffentlichen Verwaltung getestet. In dem Beitrag werden Teilergebnisse aus dem Forschungsprojekt referiert: Sie betreffen die quantitative Verbreitung, die Erscheinungsformen und Ursachen des Phänomens. Zentrale Ergebnisse sind, dass (1) eine verfehlte betriebliche Karrierepolitik eine herausragende Rolle als „Verursacher” für das Problem spielt und dass (2) die betroffene Gruppe von Mitarbeitern sich heterogener darstellt, als in der Literatur angenommen wird.
δ13C methane source signatures from tropical wetland and rice field emissions

The atmospheric methane (CH4) burden is rising sharply, but the causes are still not well understood. One factor of uncertainty is the importance of tropical CH4 emissions into the global mix. Isotopic signatures of major sources remain poorly constrained, despite their usefulness in constraining the global methane budget. Here, a collection of new δ13CCH4 signatures is presented for a range of tropical wetlands and rice fields determined from air samples collected during campaigns from 2016 to 2020. Long-term monitoring of δ13CCH4 in ambient air has been conducted at the Chacaltaya observatory, Bolivia and Southern Botswana. Both long-term records are dominated by biogenic CH4 sources, with isotopic signatures expected from wetland sources. From the longer-term Bolivian record, a seasonal isotopic shift is observed corresponding to wetland extent suggesting that there is input of relatively isotopically light CH4 to the atmosphere during periods of reduced wetland extent. This new data expands the geographical extent and range of measurements of tropical wetland and rice δ13CCH4 sources and hints at significant seasonal variation in tropical wetland δ13CCH4 signatures which may be important to capture in future global and regional models. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part 2)’.
Curvature Sensor Based on In-Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Inscribed With Femtosecond Laser

In this paper, an in-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer inscribed by femtosecond laser for curvature sensing has been designed and manufactured. Its operating principle consists of a secondary waveguide inscription working as a sensing arm. This waveguide has been manufactured using asymmetric structures with an average refractive index change of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{1.1}\times \text{10}^{-\text{2}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in its guiding section measured by refracted near-field profilometry. The overall arm/cladding index difference is higher than its core/cladding counterpart, which is a suggested condition for device operation following preliminary simulations. The manufactured Mach–Zehnder interferometer exhibits a linear response to bending radius that is also dependent on an established bending axis. Sensitivity has been measured up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{9.49}\,\text{nm/m}^{-1}$</tex-math></inline-formula> for curvature ranges from 0 to 14 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}^{-1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Simulation results using the beam propagation method and conformal mapping transformation to convert bending action into a tilt refractive index agree with experimental results for the same index parameters. Preliminary temperature test shows a remarkable cross sensitivity of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.0024(3)\,\text{m}^{-1}/^\circ$</tex-math> </inline-formula>C up to 180 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>C.
Elevated neuronal density in prefrontal area 46 in brains from schizophrenic patients: Application of a three‐dimensional, stereologic counting method

Neuropsychologic testing in schizophrenic patients has underscored the prominence of dysfunction in cognitive processes associated with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Quantitative cytometric analysis of area 46 was undertaken in brains from schizophrenic patients to determine whether there are morphologic changes underlying these cognitive deficits. Postmortem brain specimens from 9 schizophrenic patients, 10 normal subjects, and 8 Huntington's diseased patients were fixed in formalin and celloidin embedded. A direct, three‐dimensional counting method was used to determine cell density and cortical thickness in Nissl‐stained sections of area 46. Overall neuronal density was 21% greater in brains from schizophrenic patients in comparison to normal controls. Significant elevations in neuronal density were observed in layers II, III, IV, and VI. The cortical ribbon was slightly (8%) but not significantly thinner. However, layer II exhibited disproportionate thinning compared with all other layers. In brains from Huntington's diseased patients, increases in neuronal (35%) and glial (61%) density with substantial cortical thinning (30%) were observed. The neuropathology of area 46 in schizophrenia is similar in direction and magnitude to that previously described in area 9 (Selemon et al. [1995] Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 52:805–818), except for the abnormalities in layer II, which are specific to area 46. In contrast to Huntington's disease, in which cortical atrophy and gliosis are present, no evidence for cortical cell loss was uncovered in the schizophrenic cohort. The observed elevation in neuronal density suggests that a reduction in interneuronal neuropil may constitute the anatomical substrate for prefrontal cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia. J. Comp. Neurol. 392:402–412, 1998. Published 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rhodococcus pedocola sp. nov. and Rhodococcus humicola sp. nov., two antibiotic-producing actinomycetes isolated from soil.

Two novel actinobacterial strains, UC12T and UC33T, were isolated from forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus, and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization showed 33.05-35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA-DNA relatedness values of 32.71-41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12-37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. Both strains showed similar chemotaxonomic characteristics. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 3, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0 10-methyl. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The major quinone derived was MK-8(H2). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose were detected in whole cells. Mycolic acids were detected. The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T was 72.7 mol% and 68.8 mol%, respectively. Both strains produced antibiotic(s) that inhibited bacterial pathogens but not fungi. Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. nov. (type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T) and Rhodococcus humicola sp. nov. (type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T).