Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chiral p-wave order in Sr2RuO4

Shortly after the discovery in 1994 of superconductivity in Sr2RuO4, it was proposed on theoretical grounds that the superconducting state may have chiral p-wave symmetry analogous to the A phase of superfluid 3He. Substantial experimental evidence has since accumulated in favor of this pairing symmetry, including several interesting recent results related to broken time-reversal symmetry (BTRS) and vortices with half of the usual superconducting flux quantum. Great interest surrounds the possibility of chiral p-wave order in Sr2RuO4, since this state may exhibit topological order analogous to that of a quantum Hall state, and can support such exotic physics as Majorana fermions and non-Abelian winding statistics, which have been proposed as one route to a quantum computer. However, serious discrepancies remain in trying to connect the experimental results to theoretical predictions for chiral p-wave order. In this paper, I review a broad range of experiments on Sr2RuO4 that are sensitive to p-wave pairing, triplet superconductivity and time-reversal symmetry breaking and compare these experiments to each other and to theoretical predictions. In this context, the evidence for triplet pairing is strong, although some puzzles remain. The ‘smoking gun’ experimental results for chiral p-wave order, those which directly look for evidence of BTRS in the superconducting state of Sr2RuO4, are most perplexing when the results are compared with each other and to theoretical predictions. Consequently, the case for chiral p-wave superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 remains unresolved, suggesting the need to consider either significant modifications to the standard chiral p-wave models or possible alternative pairing symmetries. Recent ideas along these lines are discussed.
Fluorescent Supramolecular Polymers Formed by Crown Ether-Based Host-Guest Interaction

Inspired by the vast array of assemblies present in nature, supramolecular chemistry has attracted significant attention on account of its diverse supra-structures, which include micelles, vesicles, and fibers, in addition to its extensive applications in luminescent materials, sensors, bioimaging, and drug delivery over the past decades. Supramolecular polymers, which represent a combination of supramolecular chemistry and polymer science, are constructed by non-covalent interactions, such as host-guest interactions, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic or hydrophilic interactions, metal-ligand interactions, π-π stacking, and electrostatic interactions. To date, numerous host-guest recognition systems have been reported, including crown ethers, cyclodextrins, calixarenes, cucurbituril, pillararenes, and other macrocyclic hosts. Among them, crown ethers, as the first generation of macrocyclic hosts, provide a promising and facile alternative route to supramolecular polymers. In addition, the incorporation of fluorophores into supramolecular polymers could endow them with multiple properties and functions, thereby presenting potential advantages in the context of smart materials. Thus, this review focuses on the fabrication strategies, interesting properties, and potential applications of fluorescent supramolecular polymers based on crown ethers. Typical examples are presented and discussed in terms of three different types of building blocks, namely covalently bonded low-molecular-weight compounds, polymers modified by hosts or guests, and supramolecular coordination complexes.
Impact of photoreceptor design on digital electrophotography

Electroreceptors are used in many practical applications as receivers for charge. In laser xerography, the receivers are photo-sensitive. They are precharged on the surface in the dark using corona or some other device, and then selectively exposed by a laser beam to discharge the surface charge. The resulting latent image on the surface of the receiver is developed with toner of the opposite polarity. During discharge, the charge spreads in transit through the receiver thickness due to mutual repulsion of like charges, and results in a wider line width than the optical beam width used in exposure. This effect leads to loss in resolution of the developed image. In this paper we describe a generalized numerical algorithm we have developed to treat interaction between the photoreceptor and incident light for 1D images. This allows us to lay down arbitrary space and time dependent exposure profile on the photoreceptor, and study its interaction with photoreceptor design parameters. In particular, the effects studied include line broadening and solid area structure.
A Data-Driven Intermediate Level Feature Extraction Algorithm

An algorithm is presented that is based on the regression updating theory for fitting linearly parameterizable curves without prior classification of edge data. An initial estimate of a hypothesized curve is first obtained by a statistical windowing technique. A search region is determined and iteratively grown. Edge points in the search region are tested for their goodness-of-fit to the previous estimate. The estimate is iteratively updated with the edge points that have favorable goodness-of-fit measures. The edge points having poor goodness-of-fit measures are rejected as outliers. The algorithm drives the estimate to converge to a final solution. By repeatedly applying this procedure to the edge data excluded from the previous fitting, all the underlying curves are reconstructed. The major feature that distinguishes this approach from that of others is that classifying the edge data prior to fitting is not required. Advantages of this algorithm are: (1) the fitting procedure achieves higher robustness and accuracy by dynamically analyzing the data consistency; (2) the computational complexity increases only linearly with the number of edge data; (3) the algorithm readily extends to reconstruct surfaces from range data. Thus the algorithm provides a powerful technique enabling a data-driven intermediate-level vision module to extract parametric features needed for higher-level processing. >
Identification and Validation of Key Genes Associated With Systemic Sclerosis-Related Pulmonary Hypertension

Systemic sclerosis-associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (SSc-PAH) is still a major cause of SSc related deaths. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to reduce the mortality of patients with SSc-PAH. To screen the candidate biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for SSc-PAH, we analyzed the data set (GSE33463 and GSE19617) for confirming key genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SSc-PAH patients. A total of 105 SSc patients from gene expression omnibus (GEO) were included as discovery cohort (n = 69) and duplication cohort (n = 36) for screening hub genes by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Furthermore, an independent validation cohort (n = 40), including healthy controls, SSc and SSc-PAH patients, was used for further validation by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that four key genes, including IFIT2, IFIT3, RSAD2, and PARP14, may serve as potential biomarkers in SSc-PAH. Also, they could be independent risk factors for SSc-PAH. In conclusion, the four key genes can be expected to become the potential therapeutic targets and early biomarkers for accurate therapy and diagnosis of SSc-PAH in the future, which also provides promising insights into the pathogenesis of SSc-PAH at the molecular level.
TCR-Mediated Signals Polarize Lipid Rafts in Response to Thymocytes Do Not + CD8+ Immature CD4

TCR-mediated stimulation induces activation and proliferation of mature T cells. When accompanied by signals through the costimulatory receptor CD28, TCR signals also result in the recruitment of cholesterol- and glycosphingolipid-rich membrane microdomains (lipid rafts), which are known to contain several molecules important for T cell signaling. Interestingly, immature CD4 1 CD8 1 thymocytes respond to TCR/CD28 costimulation not by proliferating, but by dying. In this study, we report that, although CD4 1 CD8 1 thymocytes polarize their actin cytoskeleton, they fail to recruit lipid rafts to the site of TCR/CD28 costimulation. We show that coupling of lipid raft mobilization to cytoskeletal reorganization can be mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and discuss the relevance of these ﬁndings to the interpretation of TCR signals by immature vs mature T cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 165: 5435–5442. Cell/bead conjugates can be distinguished by their FSC and SSC proﬁle. Whereas T cells exhibited a high FSC and low SSC proﬁle and hugged the x -axis, beads displayed a low FSC and high SSC proﬁle and hugged the y -axis. In contrast, stable cell/bead conjugates appeared as a single event with both high FSC and high SSC intensities. Percentage of cell/bead con- jugates was calculated by dividing the percentage of cells falling into the cell/bead conjugate gate by the total percentage of live cells.
Delayed‐onset neutropenia associated with rituximab therapy

Summary. The characteristics of severe neutropenia with a delayed onset following administration of rituximab have been evaluated in 53 consecutively treated patients. All but one patient received rituximab for the treatment of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Eight episodes of grade 4 neutropenia were detected between 1 and 5 months after rituximab, when administered alone on five occasions, and on three occasions in combination with chemotherapy, where neutrophil counts had recovered prior to the development of neutropenia. In three episodes, the patients presented with sepsis. Development of neutropenia did not correlate with either the presence of detectable disease or the administration of further treatment. Neutropenia was associated with selective depletion of neutrophil precursors in all but one episode, where it was associated with generalized bone marrow hypoplasia. All episodes developed after a period of either normal or mildly depressed neutrophil counts following treatment with rituximab, and persisted for between several days and several months, before undergoing spontaneous recovery in four instances, and after administration of filgrastim in the remainder. Episodes of neutropenia were associated with disordered immune status manifested by lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinaemia, raising the possibility that either disturbance of the balance of lymphocyte subsets or an immune dyscrasia induced by rituximab resulted in the development of this type of neutropenia.
Loss of power during fatigue of human leg muscles.

1. We have investigated the loss of power seen during high‐intensity exercise of human leg muscles such as might occur during sprinting. Subjects exercised the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups using a Cybex dynamometer at an angular velocity of 90 deg s‐1 once a second for 6 min. At 1 min intervals the quadriceps were electrically stimulated via the femoral nerve to produce an isometric contraction which was then released into an isokinetic shortening contraction at 90 deg s‐1. 2. The extent of central fatigue was assessed by comparing the force of a voluntary isokinetic contraction with that elicited by electrical stimulation during isokinetic releases. Two subjects were repeatedly tested. In the first series of experiments, exercising the quadriceps of one leg, the instantaneous power fell to about 50% over the course of 2 min and remained constant for the rest of the exercise. For one subject the voluntary and electrically stimulated forces declined in parallel while for the second subject the voluntary force was 10% less than the stimulated force at the end of the exercise. These results show that central fatigue represented a minor factor contributing no more than one‐fifth of the total loss of power in these circumstances. 3. In a second series of experiments the subjects alternately contracted the quadriceps and the hamstrings of both legs in an exercise which had a high rating of perceived exertion and entailed considerable respiratory and cardiovascular effort. The time course and proportionate loss of power were very similar to those seen with the one‐leg exercise and neither subject showed evidence of significant central fatigue. The pattern of force loss was very similar for the hamstrings. We conclude that, for determined subjects, afferent feedback from muscles, tendons and joints or from the respiratory and cardiovascular systems does not have a major role in inhibiting voluntary activation of the quadriceps during heavy exercise. 4. In both series of experiments the power output during electrically stimulated isokinetic contractions was reduced to 50% of the initial value after 2 min of exercise while the isometric force, measured immediately before the release, fell to only 75%. This suggests that fatigue affects isometric and shortening contractions to different extents and the loss of power may be due to a combination of factors, only one of which is evident in the loss of isometric force.
A Low Complexity Velocity-Adaptive Channel Estimation Method Based on Spectrum Characteristic

A velocity-adaptive channel estimation method using a lowpass filter is proposed. The bandwidth of the filter is determined by searching the spectrum autocorrelation results for the second highest peak location. The components which are higher than the maximum Doppler frequency are forced to zeros because they are just from noise if there is no spectrum leakage, which is in fact not the real case due to the truncation in the time domain. Therefore, a compensation for the removed leaking signal is made after zero forcing (ZF). Computer simulation shows that, in a wide range of mobile speed, the performance of the proposed estimation method in terms of the mean square error (MSE), is close to that of the ideal case in which Doppler frequency is perfectly known, and the compensation for the leaking signals improves the accuracy of channel estimation.
Emerging drugs for major depressive disorder: an update

1.1 The fragile future of antidepressant development New treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) are necessary, considering the high prevalence of nonresponse to current antidepressants that largely target serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. However, the development of psychiatric drugs is considered high risk due to the high trial failure rate and the immense cost associated with an investigational program, especially in the current global economic climate. In fact, many pharmaceutical companies have restructured their pipelines to remove R&D into medications to treat MDD as well as other mental disorders. Both GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca have announced their intention to scale back drug discovery research for some psychiatric disorders, including depression [1]. The resulting decrease in the percentage of drugs in development for depression in the last few years contrasts with the Grand Challenges in Global Mental Health statement that 13% of the global burden of disease can be attributed to mental, neurological and substance-use disorders, exceeding both cardiovascular disease and cancer [2]. With the growing burden of psychiatric disorders, including depression, substantial reductions in research investment have the potential for immensely negative consequences, such as an increase in the incidence of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and exacerbation of outcomes for comorbid conditions associated with unresolved MDD.
The Last Days of Socrates

'Consider just this, and give your minds to this alone: whether or not what I say is just'. Plato's account of Socrates' trial and death (399 BC) is a significant moment in Classical literature and the life of Classical Athens. In these four dialogues, Plato develops the Socratic belief in responsibility for one's self and shows Socrates living and dying under his philosophy. In "Euthyphro", Socrates debates goodness outside the courthouse; "Apology" sees him in court, rebutting all charges of impiety; in "Crito", he refuses an entreaty to escape from prison; and in "Phaedo", Socrates faces his impending death with calmness and skillful discussion of immortality. Christopher Rowe's introduction to his powerful new translation examines the book's themes of identity and confrontation, and explores how its content is less historical fact than a promotion of Plato's Socratic philosophy.
Five-year follow-up of a prospective study comparing laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with Stretta radiofrequency for gastroesophageal reflux disease.

AIM Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) and Stretta radiofrequency (RF) are used as main alternative strategies to manage medication-refractory GERD. This study was therefore prospectively evaluated outcomes of patients with refractory GERD 5 years after LNF or Stretta RF. METHODS A total of 215 consecutive patients with refractory GERD underwent LNF (N.=102) and Stretta RF (N.=113) in our department between 2007 and 2008. They were followed-up for 5 years, during which the outcome measures including symptom scores of regurgitation, heartburn, chest pain, belching, hiccup, cough and asthma as well as the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and complications. RESULTS Of the 215 patients, 179 patients following LNF (N.=87) or Stretta RF (N.=92) completed the designated 5-year follow-up and were included in the final analysis. At the end of 5-year follow-up, the post-treatment scores were statistically lower as compared with the pre-treatment scores in both groups, while the symptom improvements after Stretta were significantly lower than that after LNF (p < 0.05). Besides, 81 (91%) patients achieved complete PPI therapy independence after LNF, comparing with 47 (51.1%) after Stretta RF (P<0.05). No significant differences in post-treatment complications were observed except for the abdominal distention. CONCLUSION Even though laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and Stretta RF are capable of controlling GERD symptoms effectively and safely in selected patients, LNF could improve more in symptoms and PPI elimination.
That Vexed Problem of Choice

Sean Wallis Survey of English Usage, UCL s.wallis@ucl.ac. uk Abstract A key challenge in corpus linguistics concerns the difficulty of operationalising linguistic questions in terms of choices made by speakers or writers. Whereas lab researchers design an experiment around a choice, comparable corpus research implies the inference of counterfactual alternates. This non-trivial requirement leads many to rely on a per million word baseline, meaning that variation separately due to opportunity and choice cannot be distinguished. We formalise definitions of mutual substitution and the true rate of alternation as useful idealisations, recognising they may not always hold. Analysing data from a new volume on the verb phrase, we demonstrate how a focus on choices available to speakers allows researchers to factor out the effect of changing opportunities to draw conclusions about choices. We discuss research strategies where alternates may not be easily identified, including refining baselines by eliminating forms and surveying change against multiple baselines. Finally we address three objections that have been made to this framework, that alternates are not reliably identifiable, baselines are arbitrary, and differing ecological pressures apply to different terms. Throughout we motivate our responses by evidence from current research, demonstrating that whereas the problem of identifying choices may be ‘vexed’, it represents a highly fruitful paradigm for corpus linguistics.
Mixed semiclassical-classical approaches to the dynamics of complex molecular systems

Starting with the semiclassical initial value representation (IVR) for the description of a composite molecular system consisting of a “system’’ and a “bath,’’ we show a systematic procedure whereby one can retain the semiclassical IVR description of the “system’’—thus including quantum interference and tunneling effects for these degrees of freedom—while neglecting these effects in the “bath’’ degrees of freedom, thus reducing them to a classical description. The zeroth order version of this mixed semiclassical–classical model is seen to be the semiclassical equivalent of the Ehrenfest model (closely related to the TDSCF approximation), but higher order versions are also developed that go beyond this level of approximation. Two levels of this theory are explicitly worked out. Numerical tests on simple but illustrative problems are used to discuss the merit of these approaches.
Commande optimisée d'un actionneur linéaire synchrone pour un axe de positionnement rapide. (Optimized control of a linear synchronous motor for a high speed positionning axis)

Les moteurs lineaires sont devenus des composants incontournables dans le domaine de la conception des machines de production. L'actionneur synchrone a aimants permanents (PMLSM) constitue le principal composant et permet aujourd'hui d'obtenir des performances nettement superieures a celles de son homologue rotatif accouple a un systeme de transformation de mouvement. Cependant, pour utiliser ces constituants de facon optimale, il est necessaire de prendre en compte dans la commande les specificites de ce type d'actionneur. En effet, des phenomenes electriques et magnetiques, tels que les forces electromotrices non-sinusoidales, la saturation des inductances et les forces de detente, generent des forces ondulantes perturbatrices pour la partie mecanique. L'objectif de cette etude est donc, dans un premier temps, d'ameliorer la modelisation de ces moteurs lineaires en vue de leur commande. Des methodes analytiques et elements-finis sont utilisees pour quantifier l'importance de ces phenomenes sur la force de poussee. Puis, dans une deuxieme partie, nous definissons les structures de commande optimales permettant de prendre en compte les phenomenes retenus. Le formalisme du Graphe Informationnel Causal (GIC), developpe par le laboratoire L2EP, est utilise pour representer et definir de facon systematique les structures de commande retenues. Les methodologies d'inversion du GIC sont detaillees pour permettre la definition des structures de commande en Boucles Fermees et Non-Fermees. Les structures classiques de commande industrielles sont analysees et de nouvelles structures de commande sont proposees pour la commande en force d'un moteur lineaire LMD10-050 de la societe ETEL.
From the Great Inflation to the Great Moderation: Assessing the Roles of Firm-Specific Labor, Sticky Prices and Labor Supply Shocks

We develop and estimate a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model that features sticky prices, a variable elasticity of demand facing firms and firm-specific labor. While reconciling to a good extent the micro and macro evidence on the behavior of prices, the model offers an accurate account of the dramatic increase in macroeconomic stability from the Great Inflation (1948:1-1979:II) to the Great Moderation (1984:I-2006:II). Reminiscent of the evidence in Shapiro and Watson (1988), the paper shows that labor-supply shocks are the key source of the reduction in the volatility of output growth, followed by investment-specific shocks. However, changes in the behavior of the private sector, a less accommodative monetary policy and smaller shocks explain almost evenly the large decline of the variability in inflation.