Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bio-ontologies: current trends and future directions

In recent years, as a knowledge-based discipline, bioinformatics has been made more computationally amenable. After its beginnings as a technology advocated by computer scientists to overcome problems of heterogeneity, ontology has been taken up by biologists themselves as a means to consistently annotate features from genotype to phenotype. In medical informatics, artifacts called ontologies have been used for a longer period of time to produce controlled lexicons for coding schemes. In this article, we review the current position in ontologies and how they have become institutionalized within biomedicine. As the field has matured, the much older philosophical aspects of ontology have come into play. With this and the institutionalization of ontology has come greater formality. We review this trend and what benefits it might bring to ontologies and their use within biomedicine.
Application and Analyses of Cumulative Sum to Detect Highly Distributed Denial of Service Attacks using Different Attack Traffic Patterns

A different and simple scheme was proposed in [1] to detect highly Distributed Denial of Service attacks by monitoring the number of new source IP addresses. The scheme referred uses a recursive nonparametric change point detection method, called Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) that was presented in [2]. In this paper the main ideas from [1] are reviewed. Using different attack traffic patterns it was possible to observe the behaviour of the algorithm under study. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the recursive nonparametric CUSUM, since it is relatively new to the data network community and it promises to have a lot of future applications in the area. Finally, future directions are pointed concerning Intrusion Detection Systems.
Why we migrate in the virtual world: factors affecting switching intentions in SNS

ABSTRACT The popularity of Social Networking Sites (SNS) continues to steadily increase, but their success depends on user turnover. Understanding the factors that impact user intentions to switch SNS services is therefore important. This study adapted the push–pull–mooring framework developed in migration literature to examine these factors. In particular, we proposed the concept of SNS fatigue as a push factor. Our survey of 180 Korean SNS users revealed that two SNS fatigue factors (SNS interaction overload and unwanted relationships) and two pull factors (alternative attraction and peer pressure) significantly influenced users’ switching intentions. However, we did not find the effect of the mooring factor (switching cost). These findings increase our understanding of SNS users’ migration behavior and carry important implications for both research and practice.
PP-trust-X: A system for privacy preserving trust negotiations

Trust negotiation is a promising approach for establishing trust in open systems, in which sensitive interactions may often occur between entities with no prior knowledge of each other. Although, to date several trust negotiation systems have been proposed, none of them fully address the problem of privacy preservation. Today, privacy is one of the major concerns of users when exchanging information through the Web and thus we believe that trust negotiation systems must effectively address privacy issues in order to be widely applicable. For these reasons, in this paper, we investigate privacy in the context of trust negotiations. We propose a set of privacy-preserving features for inclusion in any trust negotiation system, such as the support for the P3P standard, as well as a number of innovative features, such as a novel format for encoding digital credentials specifically designed for preserving privacy. Further, we present a variety of interoperable strategies to carry on the negotiation with the aim of improving both privacy and efficiency.
News Article Position Recommendation Based on the Analysis of Article's Content - Time Matters

As more people prefer to read news on-line, the newspapers are focusing on personalized news presentation. In this study, we investigate the prediction of article’s position based on the analysis of article’s content using different text analytics methods. The evaluation is performed in 4 main scenarios using articles from different time frames. The result of the analysis shows that the article’s freshness plays an important role in the prediction of a new article’s position. Also, the results from this work provides insight on how to find an optimised solution to automate the process of assigning new article the right position. We believe that these insights may further be used in developing content based news recommender algorithms.
AUTOMATED AVALANCHE DEPOSIT MAPPPING FROM VHR OPTICAL IMAGERY

Using eCognition we developed an algorithm to automatically detect and map avalanche deposits in Very High Resolution (VHR) optical remote sensing imagery acquired from satellites and airplanes. The algorithm relies on a cluster-based object-oriented image interpretation approach which employs segmentation and classification methodologies to identify avalanche deposits. The algorithm is capable of detecting avalanche deposits of varying size, composition, and texture. A discrete analysis of one data set (airborne imagery collected near Davos, Switzerland) demonstrates the capability of the algorithm. By comparing the automated detection results to the manually mapped results for the same image, 33 of the 35 manually digitized slides were correctly identified by the automated method. The automated mapping approach characterized 201 667 m2, of the image as being representative of a fresh snow avalanche, roughly 8.5% of the image. Through a spatial intersection between the manually mapped avalanches and the automatically mapped avalanches, 184 432 m2, or 89%, of the automatically mapped regions are spatially linked to the manually mapped regions. The rate of false positive was less than 1% of the pixels in the image. The initial results of the algorithm are promising, future development and implementation is currently being evaluated. The ability to automatically identify the location and extent of avalanche deposits using VHR optical imagery can assist in the development of detailed regional maps of zones historically prone to avalanches. This in turn can help to validate issued avalanche warnings.
“I'm Present, ‘A’ Please”: A Case Study Examining Grading Issues in a Recreation Curriculum

Abstract Despite extensive research, grading and the potential for grade inflation remain areas of concern within higher education. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to obtain collective understandings regarding grading and pressures to inflate grades from faculty and instructors within a research-intensive university. The study focused on a university Health and Human Performance division, housing disciplines such as recreation, health, and physical education at a Carnegie Research Extensive institution. Researchers examined participant narratives for lived experiences and collective understandings of grade inflation, issues surrounding grade inflation, and potential solutions to lapses in rigor and pressures to inflate grades artificially. Results indicated that all participants agreed grade inflation was present within the division. Subjects reported that pressures to inflate grades included lack of training, job security, student behavior, and teacher evaluations. Suggested solutions included required teacher training courses for doctoral students, additional trainings for faculty, structured mentoring, and clear communication regarding expected course grades from administrators.
NC Calabi–Yau orbifolds in toric varieties with discrete torsion

Using the algebraic geometric approach of Berenstein et al (hep-th/005087 and hep-th/009209) and methods of toric geometry, we study non-commutative (NC) orbifolds of Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in toric varieties with discrete torsion. We first develop a new way of getting complex d mirror Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces H* d Δ in toric manifolds M* (d+1) Δ with a C* r action and analyse the general group of the discrete isometries of H* d Δ . Then we build a general class of d complex dimensional NC mirror Calabi-Yau orbifolds where the non-commutativity parameters θ μν are solved in terms of discrete torsion and toric geometry data of M (d+1) Δ in which the original Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces are embedded. Next we work out a generalization of the NC algebra for generic d-dimensional NC Calabi-Yau manifolds and give various representations depending on different choices of the Calabi-Yau toric geometry data. We also study fractional D-branes at orbifold points. We refine and extend the result for NC (T 2 x T 2 x T 2 )/(Z 2 x Z 2 ) to higher dimensional torii orbifolds in terms of Clifford algebra.
A Data Hiding Method for Stereo Audio Signals Using the Polarity of the Inter-Channel Decorrelator

We propose a data hiding algorithm for stereo audio signals which embeds data using the polarity of the reverberations added to the high-frequency channels. We replace the high-frequency components with one middle channel, and embed data as the polarity of reverberations added to each channel in order to adjust the coherence between these channels. Blind detection of embedded data is possible using correlation between the delayed sum and the difference of the high-frequency channels at the detector. Embedded data was detected with little or no errors for added noise at 20 dB SNR and above. MP3 and AAC audio coders were shown not to affect the embedded data as well. The embedded audio quality test using the MUSHRA standard method resulted in little noticeable degradation for almost all sources.
Influence of Pole Ratio and Winding Pole Numbers on Performance and Optimal Design Parameters of Surface Permanent-Magnet Vernier Machines

In recent years, surface permanent-magnet vernier machines (SPMVM) have been attracting more and more attention for several advantages, including a high torque density and a simple mechanical structure. However, the influence of the pole ratio, which is defined as the ratio of rotor pole pair numbers to winding pole pair numbers, and the winding pole pair numbers on the performance of SPMVMs has not been investigated in literature. This paper mainly focuses on the effects of the pole ratio and the winding pole pair numbers on the torque capacity, power factor, torque ripple, and cogging torque of an SPMVM. The variations of optimal design parameters for maximum torque, such as the split ratio (the ratio of the stator inner diameter to the outer diameter), the slot opening width, and the permanent-magnet thickness, with the pole ratio and the winding pole pair numbers are also investigated by finite-element analysis. The analysis results reveal that the pole ratio and the winding pole pair numbers significantly influence the performance and optimal design parameters of the SPMVM. Finally, an SPMVM prototype is built, and experiments are conducted to validate the aforementioned results.
A Network Theory of Power

1. Networking Power: the power of the actors and organizations included in the networks that constitute the core of the global network society over human collectives and individuals who are not included in these global networks. 2. Network Power: the power resulting from the standards required to coordinate social interaction in the networks. In this case, power is exercised not by exclusion from the networks but by the imposition of the rules of inclusion. 3. Networked Power: the power of social actors over other social actors in the network. The forms and processes of networked power are specific to each network. 4. Network-making Power: the power to program specific networks according to the interests and values of the programmers, and the power to switch different networks following the strategic alliances between the dominant actors of various networks. Counterpower is exercised in the network society by fighting to change the programs of specific networks and by the effort to disrupt the switches that reflect dominant interests and replace them with alternative switches between networks. Actors are humans, but humans are organized in networks. Human networks act on networks via the programming and switching of organizational networks. In the network society, power and counterpower aim fundamentally at influencing the neural networks in the human mind by using mass communication networks and mass self-communication networks.
Despeckle-based SAR image compression

SAR images suffer from speckle noise that degrades image quality. Speckle removal is to he applied when signatures such as edges and fields have to be extracted from the image; speckle removal is also needed for image compression as such noise increases image entropy. Nevertheless, most lossy compression skim act as low pass filters that do not fit multiplicative noise reduction. In order to build a compression skim that takes into consideration statistics of SAR images, a well known reflectivity estimator is integrated into an image compression strategy, so that image compression artifacts may be viewed as an adaptive despeckled filter instead of a simple low-pass filter. The compression method has been developed with the most efficient tools dedicated for image compression, that suit the JPEG 2000 norm, such as multi-resolution analysis achieved by wavelet transform, optimal scalar quantization adjusted with a distortion-rate constraint and an arithmetic encoder. It yields a compression algorithm that acts in a similar way to the Lee filter. A theoretical analysis is also applied on the multi-wavelet transform in order to take into consideration scene correlation in the speckle removal filter. Some results are presented on ERS PRI images compressed at a factor of /spl eta/ = 20 : 1.
Estimating Functions Evaluated by Simulation: a Bayesian/Analytic Approach

Consider a function fx B → R, where B is a compact subset of Rm and consider a “simulation” used to estimate fx, x ∈ B with the following properties: the simulation can switch from one x ∈ B to another in zero time, and a simulation at x lasting t units of time yields a random variable with mean fx and variance vx/t. With such a simulation we can divide T units of time into as many separate simulations as we like. Therefore, in principle we can design an “experiment” that spends τA units of time simulating points in each A ∈ B, where B is the Borel σ-field on B and τ is an arbitrary finite measure on B;B. We call a design specified by a measure τ a “generalized design. ” We propose an approximation for f based on the data from a generalized design. When τ is discrete, the approximation, f̂, reduces to a “Kriging”-like estimator. We study discrete designs in detail, including asymptotics (as the length of the simulation increases) and a numerical procedure for finding optimal n-point designs based on a Bayesian interpretation of f̂. Our main results, however, concern properties of generalized designs. In particular, we give conditions for integrals of f̂ to be consistent estimates of the corresponding integrals of f. These conditions are satisfied for a large class of functions, f, even when vx is not known exactly. If f is continuous and τ has a density, then consistent estimation of fx, x ∈ B is also possible. Finally, we use the Bayesian interpretation of f̂ to derive a variational problem satisfied by globally optimal designs. The variational problem always has a solution and we describe a sequence of n-point designs that approach (with respect to weak convergence) the set of globally optimal designs. Optimal designs are calculated for some generic examples. Our numerical studies strongly suggest that optimal designs have smooth densities.
Independent proprietorship and competition in distributed Web search architectures

The predominant Web search model attempts to use multiple computers under centralised management to act as one search engine for the entire Web. As the quantity of online information increases, systems based on this model become prohibitively expensive for all but the largest organisations. We advocate the use of distributed search architectures where multiple independently owned and managed search engines act as one search system. This approach has significant advantages including low market entry cost for individual search providers and the potential to stimulate the provision of high-quality services through competition. The low entry cost allows small organisations and even individual users to influence service features and quality by establishing specialised search services. However, independent proprietorship also greatly complicates the search system design. The potential for competition between engines requires new approaches to effective engine management Many new issues arise such as deciding what information an engine will index. In this paper we analyse the sources of complexity in distributed Web search architectures with independent proprietorship and competition between engines. We outline possible ways to cope with this complexity using techniques from the field of computational economics such as game theory.
Modular Integration of Connectionist and Symbolic Processing in Knowledge-Based Systems

MIX is an ESPRIT project aimed at developing strategies and tools for integrating symbolic and neural methods in hybrid systems. The project arose from the observation that current hybrid systems are generally small-scale experimental systems which couple one symbolic and one connectionist model, often in an ad hoc fashion. Hence the objective of building a versatile testbed for the design, prototyping and assessment of a variety of hybrid models or architectures, in particular those which combine diverse neural network models with rule/model-based, cased-based, and fuzzy reasoning. A multiagent approach has been chosen to facilitate modular implementation of these hybrid models, which will be tested in the context of real-world applications in the steel and automobile industries.
Significance of Urinary Full-Length and Ectodomain Forms of Megalin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Megalin, an endocytic receptor in proximal tubule cells, is involved in the mechanisms of albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy (DN). To develop efficient novel biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis of DN, we investigated urinary megalin excretion in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems were established with monoclonal antibodies against the NH2 (amino [A]-megalin assay) and COOH (C-megalin assay) termini of megalin to analyze urinary forms of megalin in 68 patients with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS The A-megalin assay mainly detected a megalin ectodomain form in the soluble urinary fraction, whereas the C-megalin assay identified a full-length form in both soluble and insoluble fractions. Urinary C-megalin levels were significantly high in patients with normoalbuminuria, were elevated in line with increased albuminuria, and showed a better association with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2) than did urinary albumin. In contrast, urinary A-megalin levels were increased in patients with normo- and microalbuminuria but not in those with macroalbuminuria. Urinary C-megalin levels were also positively associated with plasma inorganic phosphate and negatively with hemoglobin levels in those showing no features of bleeding and not taking vitamin D analogs, phosphate binders, or erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. CONCLUSIONS Urinary full-length megalin excretion as measured by the C-megalin assay is well associated with reduced eGFR and linked to the severity of DN, phosphate dysregulation, and anemia, whereas urinary excretion of megalin ectodomain as measured by the A-megalin assay may be associated with distinctive mechanisms of earlier DN in type 2 diabetes.
Oculopharyngodistal myopathy in three unrelated Korean patients: Early distal limb weakness is a characteristic fi nding in oculopharyngodistal myopathy

Objectives: To determine the clinical characteristics of Korean patients with sporadic oculopharyngodistal myopathy. Methods: Three consecutive unrelated Korean patients with sporadic oculopharyngodistal myopathy participated in this study. Stepwise approaches were performed including careful clinical examination, electrophysiological study, pathology evaluation and genetic study. The literature on oculopharyngodistal myopathy was reviewed. Results: Clinically, our patients showed consistent features of initial distal limb weakness with variable ophthalmoplegia, bulbar weakness or proximal weakness. All the patients showed rimmed vacuoles and myopathic changes. Conclusion: Through the literature review and this study, we believe that initial distal limb weakness is a characteristic fi nding in patients with oculopharyngodistal myopathy in some ethnic groups.
Semantic Knowledge-Based Execution Monitoring for Mobile Robots

We describe a novel intelligent execution monitoring approach for mobile robots acting in indoor environments such as offices and houses. Traditionally, monitoring execution in mobile robotics amounted to looking for discrepancies between the model-based predicted state of executing an action and the real world state as computed from sensing data. We propose to employ semantic knowledge as a source of information to monitor execution. The key idea is to compute implicit expectations, from semantic domain information, that can be observed at run time by the robot to make sure actions are executed correctly. We present the semantic knowledge representation formalism, and how semantic knowledge is used in monitoring. We also describe experiments run in an indoor environment using a real mobile robot.
Implementing encrypted streaming video in a distributed server environment

Technical issues are not the only ones preventing large scale introduction of online streaming video services. Unlike generic web browsing applications, streaming video imposes greater demands on network resources. Caching of content through the use of distributed servers has been proposed as a solution to reduce resource requirements and improve scalability. Video caching presents a unique challenge to copyright protection schemes, particularly if we consider provision of functionality such as indexed and high-speed playback modes. This paper discusses the issues involved in implementing copyright protection for cached streaming video, concluding with a set of requirements for any proposed scheme.
Design and analysis of GaN HEMT based LNA with CPW matching

GaN based devices are in great demand due to its rugged characteristics at extreme conditions. In this paper, design of GaN monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) low noise amplifier (LNA) with coplanar waveguide matching is presented to understand the key aspects of high gain, low noise figure and high linearity. The LNA can be used in base station technologies as frequency of interest is from 0.6-3 GHz. It delivers gain of 23 dB and noise figure 0.3 dB and OIP3 upto 51 dBm. The linear performance presented here enables reconfigurable designs of LNA over multiple octaves of bandwidth.