Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Participative and Team-Oriented Leadership Styles, Countries’ Education Level, and National Innovation

The present study aims to provide insights into the leadership–innovation relationship on the national level by considering national-level contingency factors. We argue that the impact of a prevailing leadership style on innovation is mediated by economic and political factors and innovation-related cultural practices. Moreover, it is argued that the educational level of a country is related to the prevailing leadership style and economic factors. We propose a model and test its explanatory power with a sample of 55 countries using variance-based structural equation modeling. The results show that the prevailing leadership style has no direct relationship with national innovation but is mediated by the abovementioned factors. The results also show that the level of education within a country is positively related to participative leadership and negatively to team-oriented leadership. Furthermore, the level of education is directly related to economic and political factors and indirectly to national innovation.
When is a stage not a stage? A critique of Piaget's theory of cognitive development and its application to science education

Summary Piaget's theory of cognitive development, in particular his ‘stage theory’, is having a significant influence on thinking about school science curricula. In the trend to more informal and child‐centred methods, his ideas have formed a base for many primary science programmes over the world.1 Until fairly recently, however, the impact of his thinking has not been felt in secondary science programmes. There are now signs that this is changing. The Piagetian model, particularly the stage theory, is being used in this country and elsewhere as both a scale on which to measure scientific development2 and an explanatory system to account for the difficulties secondary school pupils encounter in understanding scientific ideas.3, 4, 5 With this growing awareness of Piaget's work and its implications among secondary science teachers and curriculum developers perhaps it is timely to take a step back and review the status of the work critically. Since it is addressing itself to the relevance of Piagetian theo.
The antibody responses of rabbits and rats to hemocyanin.

The response of rabbits and rats to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) differed in a number of respects from responses to many other protein antigens. KLH is rapidly eliminated from the circulation and promptly degraded at least to the point of liberation of an I131 label in non-protein bound form. Maximum primary responses were elicited in rabbits by 2 mg of KLH and increases above this dose made little change in the response. Perhaps the most striking aspect of the antibody responses was that they consisted of considerable amounts of mercaptoethanol sensitive (MES) antibody. Primary responses of rabbits to KLH administered systemically were well sustained for several months and had approximately 50% MES antibody throughout the entire response. Six sequential responses of rats to systemically administered KLH were composed entirely of MES-19S antibody, and the secondary response was >30 times larger than the primary, indicating the operation of immunologic memory in this pure MES-19S antibody response. Even in responses to KLH in Freund's adjuvant or secondary systemic challenges, rabbits made significant amounts of MES antibody, and in few, if any, situations did the production of sizeable amounts of mercaptoethanol resistant antibody appear to interfere with the continued synthesis of MES antibody. Incorporation of KLH in incomplete Freund's adjuvant enhanced its immunogenicity approximately a thousandfold.
Control theory optimization of MECN in satellite networks

Congestion in the Internet results in wasted bandwidth and also stands in the way of guaranteeing QoS. The effect of congestion is multiplied many fold in satellite networks, where the resources are very expensive. Thus congestion control has a special significance in the performance of satellite networks. In today's Internet, congestion control is implemented mostly using some of the de facto standard, RED. We have proposed previously a new scheme called the multi-level explicit congestion notification (MECN), which works with the framework of ECN, but enhances the performance using multiple level congestion feedback from the network. But like RED, the tuning of MECN could be a problem. Tuning of parameters is necessary for achieving high throughput with corresponding low delays. Also it is desirable to keep the oscillations in the queue low to reduce jitter, which is the major concern in real-time applications such as voice or video over IP. In this paper, we use a linearized fluid flow model of TCP-MECN to study the performance and stability of the queue in the router. We use classical control tools such as delay margin and tracking error to provide guidelines for optimizing satellite IP networks, which use MECN. We apply our results for optimizing the performance of satellite networks. We use ns simulator to validate the results of our analysis.
An investigation into the contents and aspects of college students’ reflective thoughts during field experience

Field experience makes a strong contribution to the learning of students. However, the procedure for conducting training sessions based on experiential teaching methods is relatively unclear, and the contents and aspects of students’ reflections during such training are not well known. This study applied experiential teaching methods in a college field experience course and investigated reflections on the experiences of 13 students. The content of students’ thoughts and other relevant data were analysed using Kolb’s experiential learning model. The students’ concepts formed during reflection might not immediately develop into the active experimentation process, indicating the challenges faced by students with the process of reflection during field experience.
Contributions of magnetic resonance spectroscopy to understanding development: Potential applications in the study of adolescent alcohol use and abuse

Abstract A growing body of research has documented structural and functional brain development during adolescence, yet little is known about neurochemical changes that occur during this important developmental period. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a well-developed technology that permits the in vivo quantification of multiple brain neurochemicals relevant to neuronal health and functioning. However, MRS technology has been underused in exploring normative developmental changes during adolescence and the onset of alcohol and drug use and abuse during this developmental period. This review begins with a brief overview of normative cognitive and neurobiological development during adolescence, followed by an introduction to MRS principles. The subsequent sections provide a comprehensive review of the existing MRS studies of development and cognitive functioning in healthy children and adolescents. The final sections of this article address the potential application of MRS in identifying neurochemical predictors and consequences of alcohol use and abuse in adolescence. MRS studies of adolescent populations hold promise for advancing our understanding of neurobiological risk factors for psychopathology by identifying the biochemical signatures associated with healthy brain development, as well as neurobiological and cognitive correlates of alcohol and substance use and abuse.
Using Statistic Model to Capture the Association between Timbre and Perceived Tempo

The estimation of the perceived tempo is required in many MIR applications. However, automatic tempo estimation itself is still an open problem due to the insufficient understanding of the inherent mechanisms of the tempo perception. Published methods only use the information of rhythm pattern, so they may meet the half /double tempo error problem. To solve this problem, We propose to use statistic model to investigate the association between timbre and tempo and use timbre information to improve the performance of tempo estimation. Experiment results show that this approach performs at least comparably to existing tempo extraction algorithms.
Force tracking impedance control of robot manipulators under unknown environment

In this paper, a new simple stable force tracking impedance control scheme that has the capability to track a specified desired force and to compensate for uncertainties in environment location and stiffness as well as in robot dynamic model is proposed. The uncertainties in robot dynamics are compensated by the robust position control algorithm. After contact, in force controllable direction the new impedance function is realized based on a desired force, environment stiffness and a position error. The new impedance function is simple and stable. The force error is minimized by using an adaptive technique. Stability and convergence of the adaptive technique are analyzed for a stable force tracking execution. Simulation studies with a three link rotary robot manipulator are shown to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed scheme under uncertainties in robot dynamics, and little knowledges of environment position and environment stiffness. Experimental results are carried out to confirm the proposed controller's performance.
An Exploration of Feature Detector Performance in the Thermal-Infrared Modality

Thermal-infrared images have superior statistical properties compared with visible-spectrum images in many low-light or no-light scenarios. However, a detailed understanding of feature detector performance in the thermal modality lags behind that of the visible modality. To address this, the first comprehensive study on feature detector performance on thermal-infrared images is conducted. A dataset is presented which explores a total of ten different environments with a range of statistical properties. An investigation is conducted into the effects of several digital and physical image transformations on detector repeatability in these environments. The effect of non-uniformity noise, unique to the thermal modality, is analyzed. The accumulation of sensor non-uniformities beyond the minimum possible level was found to have only a small negative effect. A limiting of feature counts was found to improve the repeatability performance of several detectors. Most other image transformations had predictable effects on feature stability. The best-performing detector varied considerably depending on the nature of the scene and the test.
Identity, Goals, and Learning: Mathematics in Cultural Practice

In this article, I explore and elaborate the relation between goals, identities, and learning and argue for their utility as a model by which to understand the nature of learning in general and to better understand the way in which race, culture, and learning become intertwined for minority students in American schools. Drawing on sociocultural perspectives on learning and development, including Wenger (1998) and Saxe (1999), I describe findings from 2 studies of learning among African American students outside of school, in the cultural practices of dominoes and basketball. This research shows that indeed, as players come to learn these practices, they both shift in regard to the goals they seek to accomplish within the practice and change as they come to define themselves vis-à-vis the practice. The implications for understanding the relation between race, culture, and learning are discussed.
Work Performance Comparison of Holding and Using Tablet

Abstract—Tablet using is increasingly utilized in various working fields as a part of routine job. The interaction with tablet is usually handled as holding tablet with one hand while operating, dragging finger over the screen, by another hand. This study aims to study the working performance of four different posture conditions of using tablet. The using conditions are putting tablet on a table, holding tablet with flat hand, holding by thumb-extended with Thenar support, and holding as clipboard gripping posture. Consequently, each posture condition performance is measured by studying of radial dragging on the screen. Therefore, Steering law is applied. In addition, the fatigue occurring at lower arm, upper arm, wrist, and hand, which caused by holding a tablet for long period of time, is also considered and studied for its effect on work performance. In conclusion, the results from this study will be analyzed to express the best practice of tablet-using posture condition.
A Route Planning Providing Real-time Local Backup Paths for Vehicle Navigation Systems

The rapid progress of wireless technologies has made the information of real-time traffic available to vehicles. In this paper, we propose a dynamic path planning algorithm for vehicle navigation system which can adapt to changeable traffic and replan a better path with good traveling time for drivers within a reasonable computation time for large-scale road networks. Based on the hierarchical model of road networks, we use source-directed A* to save the path planning time, to create a good traveling time path, and to construct a backup path tree. When a traffic condition of a link in the driving path becomes worse, the replanning of a new partial path for a certain part of the backup path tree reflected by the link is calculated. The system has been tested on Taiwan road network. Through experiment results, the system presents a good efficiency for planning/replanning a path in terms of planning time and traveling time. Keywordsdynamic path planning, vehicle navigation, road networks, vehicular ad-hoc networks, wireless ad hoc sensor networks.
Effect of signal‐to‐noise ratio and spectral linewidth on metabolite quantification at 4 T

The accuracy and precision of measurements of metabolite concentrations from short echo‐time spectra has previously been characterized at l.5 T as a function of signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and peak linewidth. The purpose of this study was to characterize the systematic error in quantification of metabolite concentrations associated with linewidth and SNR for the major metabolites of interest in the short echo‐time 1H‐MR spectrum at 4 T. Simulated 4 T LASER localized spectra (TE = 46 ms) were generated with full width at half maximum (FWHM) over the range 4–14 Hz, and SNR over the range 5–500 by adding 100 Gaussian‐distributed noise realizations at each combination of SNR and linewidth. Linewidth and SNR were treated as independent parameters, and therefore an increase in linewidth at a constant SNR resulted in increased metabolite areas. All spectra were fitted in the time domain using identical prior‐knowledge and relative parameter starting values. Six metabolites (N‐acetylaspartate, glutamate, creatine, myo‐inositol, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine) were quantified with >90% accuracy and <10% standard deviation at SNR = 10 for linewidths ranging from 8 to 14 Hz FWHM. These simulations did not consider additional sources of variation, including eddy current artifacts, incomplete macromolecule baseline removal, and incomplete water suppression. Regardless, the results show that metabolite quantification from 4 T short echo‐time 1H‐MRS is sensitive to SNR and linewidth. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nested Invariance Pooling and RBM Hashing for Image Instance Retrieval

The goal of this work is the computation of very compact binary hashes for image instance retrieval. Our approach has two novel contributions. The first one is Nested Invariance Pooling (NIP), a method inspired from i-theory, a mathematical theory for computing group invariant transformations with feed-forward neural networks. NIP is able to produce compact and well-performing descriptors with visual representations extracted from convolutional neural networks. We specifically incorporate scale, translation and rotation invariances but the scheme can be extended to any arbitrary sets of transformations. We also show that using moments of increasing order throughout nesting is important. The NIP descriptors are then hashed to the target code size (32-256 bits) with a Restricted Boltzmann Machine with a novel batch-level regularization scheme specifically designed for the purpose of hashing (RBMH). A thorough empirical evaluation with state-of-the-art shows that the results obtained both with the NIP descriptors and the NIP+RBMH hashes are consistently outstanding across a wide range of datasets.
Dissecting the Molecular Mechanism of Nucleotide-Dependent Activation of the KtrAB K+ Transporter

KtrAB belongs to the Trk/Ktr/HKT superfamily of monovalent cation (K+ and Na+) transport proteins that closely resemble K+ channels. These proteins underlie a plethora of cellular functions that are crucial for environmental adaptation in plants, fungi, archaea, and bacteria. The activation mechanism of the Trk/Ktr/HKT proteins remains unknown. It has been shown that ATP stimulates the activity of KtrAB while ADP does not. Here, we present X-ray structural information on the KtrAB complex with bound ADP. A comparison with the KtrAB-ATP structure reveals conformational changes in the ring and in the membrane protein. In combination with a biochemical and functional analysis, we uncover how ligand-dependent changes in the KtrA ring are propagated to the KtrB membrane protein and conclude that, despite their structural similarity, the activation mechanism of KtrAB is markedly different from the activation mechanism of K+ channels.
Catabolism of leucine to branched‐chain fatty acids in Staphylococcus xylosus

Aims: Staphylococcus xylosus is an important starter culture in the production of flavours from the branched‐chain amino acids leucine, valine and isoleucine in fermented meat products. The sensorially most important flavour compounds are the branched‐chain aldehydes and acids derived from the corresponding amino acids and this paper intends to perspectivate these flavour compounds in the context of leucine metabolism.
Miniature Microwave Biosensors: Noninvasive Applications

Demographic shifts are part of the process of social and economic change that has been taking place worldwide over the last century. Europe is the first large subcontinent to encounter the effects of an aging society [1]. The same pattern is repeating in Latin America and Japan but with a quicker pace of transition compared with that which took place in the countries that are now industrialized [2]. This situation impacts the productivity and economic growth of the countries due to the reduction of the working age population [3]. Additionally, the increase in the number of elderly people who make use of service in the social security systems has a tremendous fiscal impact, which is represented in the expenses for pensions, health care, and longterm care. In addition, the increase of chronic diseases correlated with the lifestyle and the behavior in industrial countries (e.g., tobacco consumption, obesity, and the fact that the need for the primary care increases while the number of primary care providers diminishes) represent the challenges to be solved for the health systems of modern society [4].
Inclusive education in Israel from a curriculum perspective: an exploratory study

The objective of this exploratory study was to examine the curricular practices of teachers in Israel as a result of the mandate to include children with special educational needs. It is based on the understanding that curriculum is at the core of education. As inclusive education has become more prevalent, the curriculum perspective has gained greater interest among educators and researchers. The questions we sought answers to were: (1) what are the curricular practices teachers employ in inclusive settings? ; (2) what are the curricular practices teachers employ in non-inclusive settings? ; and (3) what are the changes that have occurred in teachers’ curricular practices? Data were collected by pre-service special education teachers as part of the requirements in an undergraduate course. Twenty-nine teachers, representing a variety of educational settings, ranging from inclusive classes in a mainstream school to special schools, were interviewed. In addition, observations were carried out in their classes. Content analysis of the different texts revealed the following themes: (1) the nature of the curriculum; (2) possible connections between the individual educational plan and the general curriculum; (3) employing curricular adaptations. Discussing the changes in the past decade resulted in a typology of the implementation of inclusion in Israel.
Interactive walkthroughs using "morphable 3D-mosaics"

This work presents a hybrid (geometry- & image-based) technique suitable for providing interactive walkthroughs of large, complex outdoor scenes. Motion is restricted along a smooth predefined path and the input to the system is a sparse set of stereoscopic views at certain points (key-positions) along that path (one view per position). An approximate local 3D model is constructed from each view, capable of capturing photometric and geometric properties of the scene only locally. Then during the rendering process, a continuous morphing (both photometric & geometric) takes place between successive local 3D models, using what we call a "morphable 3D-model". The morphing proceeds in a physically-valid way. For this reason, a wide-baseline image matching technique is proposed, handling cases where the wide baseline between the two images is mainly due to a looming of the camera. Our system can be extended in the event of multiple stereoscopic views (and therefore multiple local models) per key-position of the path (related by a camera rotation). In that case one local 3D-mosaic (per key-position) is constructed comprising all local 3D models therein and a "morphable 3D-mosaic" is used during the rendering process. A partial-differential equation is adopted to handle the problem of geometric consistency of each 3D-mosaic.
PSYCHOPHYSICAL RELATIONS IN VISUAL PERCEPTION OF LENGTH, AREA AND VOLUME

Ekman, G. , and Junge, K. Psychophysical relations in visual perception of length, area and volume. Scand. J. Psychol. , 1961, 2, 1–10. — Subjective length, area and volume as functions of the corresponding stimulus variables were studied in three experiments. The exponents of the psychophysical power functions scattered around 1 for perception of ‘real’ space. For perspective drawings of cubes and spheres, however, the exponents were about 0.75. From a further analysis of the data it was tentatively concluded that perspective and shadow are insufficient cues to visual volume, and that the subjective scale reflects perception of area rather than volume, especially in the case of small stimuli.
Using profile information to assist classic code optimizations

This paper describes the design and implementation of an optimizing compiler that automatically generates profile information to assist classic code optimizations. This compiler contains two new components, an execution profiler and a profile‐based code optimizer, which are not commonly found in traditional optimizing compilers. The execution profiler inserts probes into the input program, executes the input program for several inputs, accumulates profile information and supplies this information to the optimizer. The profile‐based code optimizer uses the profile information to expose new optimization opportunities that are not visible to traditional global optimization methods. Experimental results show that the profile‐based code optimizer significantly improves the performance of production C programs that have already been optimized by a high‐quality global code optimizer.