Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absorption, excretion, and metabolism of a potential GABA-Aα2/3 receptor modulator in rats

4-Amino-8-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-propylcinnoline-3-carboxamide (AZD6280) is a selective GABA-Aα2/3 receptor modulator under development for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorders. Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of [14C]-AZD6280 was studied in rats following a single oral (7 mg/kg) or intravenous (i.v., 1 mg/kg) administration of [14C]-AZD6280. The results from the bile duct-cannulated study revealed that AZD6280 was well-absorbed in rats. The pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using unlabelled parent drug that was rapidly absorbed (plasma Tmax ~1 h) and exhibited a mean apparent terminal half-life of ~4.2 h. The overall mean recoveries in the excreta were 98.6% and 100.3% after oral and i.v. administration of [14C]-AZD6280, respectively. The major route for elimination of [14C]-AZD6280 and its metabolites was through faeces. The radiochromatographic analysis of the excreta demonstrated that AZD6280 underwent extensive biotransformation. A total of 28 metabolites of AZD6280 were detected and profiled in urine, bile, and faeces in this study. The structures of metabolites were elucidated by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Similar metabolite profiles were observed in rats given AZD6280 orally or intravenously.
Digital pulse frequency modulation for switched capacitor DC-DC converter on 65nm process

DC-DC converter is one of the most important building blocks in any System-on-Chip (SoC). DC-DC converter has the functional capabilities to supply various voltage levels to various loads of the chip in a way to achieve high power efficiency. Pulse Frequency Modulation is considered as the main control technique for voltage regulation of the Switched Capacitor DC-DC power converter. This paper proposes a design of a digital Pulse Frequency Modulation using Verilog-HDL and verified on 65nm low power process technology. The design includes the generation of the non-overlapping clock by the ring oscillator and the dead time circuit instead of the default clock. PFM has a total power of 7μW, area of 46. 4μm2 and a slack time of 0.5ns.
Bupropion treatment increases epididymal contractility and impairs sperm quality with no effects on the epididymal sperm transit time of male rats

Bupropion is a dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibitor used as smoking cessation and antidepressant drug with a lower incidence of male sexual dysfunction. We showed previously that sibutramine, a norepinephrine/serotonine reuptake inhibitor, reduced male rat fertility. As there are no studies evaluating the impact of bupropion treatment on spermatic parameters and male fertility, we evaluated the effects of bupropion treatment (15 and 30 mg kg−1, 30 days) on sexual behavior, spermatic parameters and fertility of male Wistar rats and on the epididymal duct in vitro contractility. Bupropion 15 mg kg−1 increased the serum luteinizing hormone level and the epididymal duct contractility, but the sperm quality was not affected. At 30 mg kg−1 bupropion impaired sperm quality increasing the incidence of non‐progressive sperm. The male sexual behavior and fertility were not modified at both bupropion doses. These results, in rats, suggest the importance of studies evaluating the effects of bupropion on the human male sperm quality. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug‐eluting stent task force: Final report and recommendations of the working committees on cost‐effectiveness/economics, access to care, and medicolegal issues

Coronary artery disease remains a major health problem worldwide. Since introduction of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stents, much progress has been made. Percutaneous coronary intervention, however, has been limited by restenosis (repeat obstruction of arteries that have been previously treated. Introduction of drug‐eluting stents (DESs) in April 2003 was a major breakthrough in preventing restenosis. In March 2003, The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) published a position statement on the clinical implications of DESs, recommending an evidence‐based adoption strategy. Subsequently, in May 2003, SCAI formed a multidisciplinary Drug Eluting Stent (DES) Task Force to address the significant nonclinical ramifications posed by DESs: medicolegal, financial, and access to care. The Task Force included representatives from physician societies, industry, academia, the reimbursement community, and health policy organizations. The resultant report presents analyses, options, and recommendations regarding those nonclinical issues based on the collective experience and knowledge of the Task Force members. The Task Force trusts that this report will be of value to the diverse constituencies involved with introduction of this important new technology. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62: 1–17. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Redetermination of the cubic struvite analogue Cs[Mg(OH2)6](AsO4)

In contrast to the previous refinement from photographic data [Ferrari et al. (1955 ▶). Gazz. Chim. Ital. 84, 169–174], the present redetermination of the title compound, caesium hexaaquamagnesium arsenate(V), revealed the Cs atom to be on Wyckoff position 4d instead of Wyckoff position 4b of space group F 3m. The structure can be derived from the halite structure. The centres of the complex [Mg(OH2)6] octahedra and the AsO4 tetrahedra (both with 3m symmetry) are on the respective Na and Cl positions. The building units are connected to each other by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The Cs+ cations (3m symmetry) are located in the voids of this arrangement and exhibit a regular cuboctahedral 12-coordination to the O atoms of the water molecules. The O atom bonded to As has 2mm site symmetry (Wyckoff position 24f) and the water-molecule O atom has m site symmetry (Wyckoff position 48h).
Services to African American Children in Poverty: Institutional Discrimination in Child Welfare?

ABSTRACT Using national secondary case file data, this study addressed race, poverty, and service equity in public child welfare. Two research questions were posed: (a) Do poor children and families receive services to meet the conditions of poverty? (b) Does service delivery impact African American and Caucasian children equitably? Answers to questions were framed within the context of institutional discrimination theory. Using descriptive and variance estimation statistics, African American children were found to be poorer on all indicators. Service disparity occurred due to higher African American poverty coupled with low overall rates of poverty-related service. Indirect institutional discrimination was suggested.
Endovascular Treatment of Common Carotid Artery Dissection via the Superficial Temporal Artery

Purpose: To describe the endovascular treatment of an iatrogenic common carotid artery (CCA) dissection using the superficial temporal artery (STA) as the principal access. Technique: An 83-year-old man with a post–carotid endarterectomy left CCA dissection was admitted for a transient ischemic attack involving the left cerebral hemisphere that occurred despite proper anticoagulation. After excluding redo surgery and transfemoral stenting (owing to a partially compromised aortobifemoral bypass graft), stenting of the left CCA dissection was planned using a right transbrachial approach, with the left STA as an additional access. However, intraoperative angiography showed an acute angle between the innominate artery and left CCA, so the STA was used as the primary access route owing to its straight course and 4-mm diameter. The 9-x40-mm self-expanding stent was inserted via a 5-F sheath in the STA and deployed directly at the CCA dissection. The procedure was successful, and all vessels involved were patent at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: In selected cases, the superficial temporal artery may represent a valid alternative approach for the endovascular treatment of short CCA dissections.
The delivery of agricultural extension services in Uganda : an analysis from an Institutional perspective

A central question to agricultural extension literature is whether service delivery is responsive to the needs of small holder farmers. Previous research has focussed on the role of methodological characteristics in the technology diffusion. In this thesis, I argue that the effectiveness of extension systems is determined by the institutional arrangements with which services are provided. Using the new institutionalism theory, I analyse how decentralisation and privatisation policies provide an environment for demand driven service delivery to work. Then, the way in which the private, private and non governmental interact in order to reduce the costs of drafting and enforcing contracts. On the demand side, I analyse the effect of farmer organisations in increasing small holder farmers’ access to resources and how they perceive the services that are provided. Data is collected through semi structured interviews with 28 key informants at district, sub county and national levels and a survey of 80 small holder farmers on their attitudes and perceptions toward extension delivery. Research findings suggest that the policy and legal frameworks relating to decentralisation and privatisation shape the environment within which demand driven extension systems in Kabarole District thrive. Shared norms and values determine the level of interaction between actors and their level commitment to the overall principles of demand driven systems. Furthermore, when small holder farmers are organised in groups they are able to gain collective access to resources and also exercise their “voice” in demanding services. The strength of the new institutionalism theory lies in its ability to analyse phenomenon as a system. Demand driven systems involve a number of actors whose behaviour is shaped by social, economic, cultural and political factors. These findings are critical to the decentralisation and pro-poor responsiveness debate which argues that increasing access to extension services to small holder farmers enables them to gain access to resources and also transform into commercial farmers.
Using Mathematics to Answer Correctly the Mechanism of Debit and Credit, to Identify the Basic Limitations of Existing Accounting Standards, and to Suggest the Accounting Development

Perceived as a pure social science, prominent accounting scholars agree that the current accounting development overemphasizes on rules, and this has wide negative impacts on accounting education and research. Thus, accounting reform is necessary even though it is still unclear the direction of the reform.The basic thesis of this study is that accounting is an application of mathematics because accounting was documented in the mathematics book and written by Luca Pacioli as a mathematics professor. Firstly, this study shows the inappropriateness of current accounting teaching methods. Specifically, this study shows that the use of debits and credits is purely the application of mathematics. Secondly, this study identifies the limitation of the definition of financial statement elements, and proposes the alternative redefinition of the elements. Thirdly, this study shows that the use of a mathematical perspective helps accounting profession to solve current accounting issues. Finally, this study proposes the development of three pillars, i.e. mathematics, rules, and art, in a balanced manner to do accounting reform. This study provides a "new" perspective that the accounting development is based on the history of accounting itself, i.e. accounting as an application of mathematics. Using the mathematical perspective, not only do accounting scholars improve the accounting education but also we innovate accounting research agenda. In addition, this study offers insights to accounting standard boards interested in developing a global uniform of financial accounting standard that effectively work.
N,N′-Bis(2-quinolylcarbonyl)hydrazine

The title compound, C20H14N4O2, crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with a crystallographic twofold axis through the N—N bond. The molecule is non-planar and the dihedral angle between two amide groups is 74.9 (2)°. An intramolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond is present. In the crystal, the molecules are packed in chains running along the c axis through intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These chains are further stabilized by intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π interactions leading to the formation of a three-dimensional network.
Wheat Cryptochromes: Subcellular Localization and Involvement in Photomorphogenesis and Osmotic Stress Responses1[OA]

Cryptochromes (CRYs) are blue light receptors important for plant growth and development. Comprehensive information on monocot CRYs is currently only available for rice (Oryza sativa). We report here the molecular and functional characterization of two CRY genes, TaCRY1a and TaCRY2, from the monocot wheat (Triticum aestivum). The expression of TaCRY1a was most abundant in seedling leaves and barely detected in roots and germinating embryos under normal growth conditions. The expression of TaCRY2 in germinating embryos was equivalent to that in leaves and much higher than the TaCRY1a counterpart. Transition from dark to light slightly affected the expression of TaCRY1a and TaCRY2 in leaves, and red light produced a stronger induction of TaCRY1a. Treatment of seedlings with high salt, polyethylene glycol, and abscisic acid (ABA) up-regulated TaCRY2 in roots and germinating embryos. TaCRY1a displays a light-responsive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling pattern similar to that of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CRY1, contains nuclear localization domains in both the N and C termini, and includes information for nuclear export in its N-terminal domain. TaCRY2 was localized to the nucleus in the dark. Expression of TaCRY1a-green fluorescent protein or TaCRY2-green fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis conferred a shorter hypocotyl phenotype under blue light. These transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed higher sensitivity to high-salt, osmotic stress, and ABA treatment during germination and postgermination development, and they displayed altered expression of stress/ABA-responsive genes. The primary root growth in transgenic seedlings was less tolerant of ABA. These observations indicate that TaCRY1 and TaCRY2 might be involved in the ABA signaling pathway in addition to their role in primary blue light signal transduction.
Vertical and Horizontal Comparisons and Mobility Outcomes: Evidence from the Swedish Microdata

Using employer-employee matched data from Sweden between 2001 and 2008, we test hypotheses designed to assess the contingent nature of the relationship between wage inequality and cross-firm mobility. We propose that the effect of wage inequality depends on whether wage comparisons serve a comparative or a normative function. Our results show that same-level wage comparisons, which serve a primarily comparative goal, increase cross-firm mobility because they induce inequity concerns. By contrast, different-level wage comparisons, which serve a primarily normative goal, decrease cross-firm mobility because they enhance self-motivation. Moreover, we find that that the horizontal-inequality effect is amplified (mitigated) for bottom same-level wage earners, consistent with the notion of envy and relative deprivation. However, the vertical-inequality effect is amplified (mitigated) for top (bottom) different-level wage earners, consistent with the notion of self-motivation. Finally, the impact of vertical and horizontal wage inequality increases with workers’ social similarity. More broadly, the study contributes to our understanding of the contingent nature of wage inequality and mobility.
Molecular Determinants for PspA-Mediated Repression of the AAA Transcriptional Activator PspF

ABSTRACT The Escherichia coli phage shock protein system (pspABCDE operon and pspG gene) is induced by numerous stresses related to the membrane integrity state. Transcription of the psp genes requires the RNA polymerase containing the σ54 subunit and the AAA transcriptional activator PspF. PspF belongs to an atypical class of σ54 AAA activators in that it lacks an N-terminal regulatory domain and is instead negatively regulated by another regulatory protein, PspA. PspA therefore represses its own expression. The PspA protein is distributed between the cytoplasm and the inner membrane fraction. In addition to its transcriptional inhibitory role, PspA assists maintenance of the proton motive force and protein export. Several lines of in vitro evidence indicate that PspA-PspF interactions inhibit the ATPase activity of PspF, resulting in the inhibition of PspF-dependent gene expression. In this study, we characterize sequences within PspA and PspF crucial for the negative effect of PspA upon PspF. Using a protein fragmentation approach, we show that the integrity of the three putative N-terminal α-helical domains of PspA is crucial for the role of PspA as a negative regulator of PspF. A bacterial two-hybrid system allowed us to provide clear evidence for an interaction in E. coli between PspA and PspF in vivo, which strongly suggests that PspA-directed inhibition of PspF occurs via an inhibitory complex. Finally, we identify a single PspF residue that is a binding determinant for PspA.
Problems and obstacles in credit risk management in indian public sector banks

This paper evaluates the credit risk management (CRM) practices of Indian public sector banks in grant of commercial loans to find the grey areas which need review and restructuring to improve banks’ asset quality. Based on literature review, a conceptual model of credit risk management systems for commercial loans, of Indian public sector banks, has been developed. This model has been used to underline the problems areas and obstacles in credit risk management through comparison of large and small banks. The empirical comparison of CRM practices of Indian public sector banks has resulted into emergence of various grey areas, like insufficient training, data management, inappropriate IT support, system disintegration, inconsistent rating approaches, which need immediate attention and if tackled properly, can reduce their non-performing assets.
Causality Analysis of Turkish Electricity Financial Markets

Elektrik enerjisi gelisen teknoloji ile birlikte hayatin vazgecilmez bir parcasi haline gelmistir. Elektrige duyulan ihtiyac giderek artarken, bu ihtiyacin karsilanabilmesi icin sektorun buyumesi de kacinilmazdir. Yatirimlarin sektore cekilebilmesi icin guven veren, saglikli isleyen bir piyasa yapisi ayrica onem arz etmektedir. Bu nedenle piyasanin gelisimi adina dunyada ve Turkiye’de pek cok adim atilmakta, koklu degisimler yasanmaktadir. Turkiye’de Elektrik Piyasasi Kanunu (EPK) ile baslayan surecte seffaf, guvenilir, rekabete dayali ve diger ulkelerin elektrik piyasalari ile entegre bir elektrik piyasasinin olusturulmasi hedeflenmistir. Piyasanin daha serbest ve daha guvenilir olabilmesi adina Turkiye Enerji Borsasi kurulmasina ve ilk etapta bu borsada elektrik ticaretinin yapilmasina karar verilmistir. Mevcut durumda Turkiye’de elektrik ticareti hem spot hem de turev piyasalarda yapilabilmektedir. Literaturde turev piyasalarda olusan fiyatlarin spot fiyatlarla ilgili oncu gosterge oldugu kabul edildigi gorulmekte ve bu iliski yatirimcilar tarafindan karar verme sureclerinde gelecek ongorusu ve risk yonetimi amaclariyla kullanilmaktadir. Bu dusuncenin goz onunde bulunduruldugu calismada, Turkiye elektrik piyasasindaki durumun tespiti icin elektrik spot ve vadeli islem piyasalari arasindaki nedensellik iliskisi Granger nedensellik testi ile incelenmistir. Yapilan analiz sonucunda piyasada cift yonlu nedensellik iliskisinin varligi tespit edilmistir.
NeuTM: A neural network-based framework for traffic matrix prediction in SDN

This paper presents NeuTM, a framework for network Traffic Matrix (TM) prediction based on Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks (LSTM RNNs). TM prediction is defined as the problem of estimating future network traffic matrix from the previous and achieved network traffic data. It is widely used in network planning, resource management and network security. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a specific recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture that is well-suited to learn from data and classify or predict time series with time lags of unknown size. LSTMs have been shown to model longrange dependencies more accurately than conventional RNNs. NeuTM is a LSTM RNN-based framework for predicting TM in large networks. By validating our framework on real-world data from GEANT network, we show that our model converges quickly and gives state of the art TM prediction performance.
Activated Microglia Are Less Vulnerable to Hemin Toxicity due to Nitric Oxide-Dependent Inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK Activation

In intracerebral hemorrhage, microglia become rapidly activated and remove the deposited blood and cellular debris. To survive in a harmful hemorrhagic or posthemorrhagic condition, activated microglia must be equipped with appropriate self-defensive mechanism(s) to resist the toxicity of hemin, a component released from damaged RBCs. In the current study, we found that activation of microglia by pretreatment with LPS markedly reduced their vulnerability to hemin toxicity in vitro. Similarly, intracorpus callosum microinjection of LPS prior to hemin treatment reduced the brain tissue damage caused by hemin and increased microglial density in the penumbra in rats. LPS induced the expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and heme oxygenase (HO)-1, the rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation in microglia. The preventive effect by LPS was significantly diminished by an iNOS inhibitor, L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine, whereas it was mimicked by a NO donor, diethylamine-NONOate, both suggesting the crucial role of NO in the modulation of hemin-induced toxicity in activated microglia. We further found that NO reduced hemin toxicity via inhibition of hemin-induced activation of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in microglia. Whereas HO-1 expression in LPS-stimulated microglia was markedly blocked by L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine, the HO-1 inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin, increased iNOS expression and decreased the susceptibility of LPS-activated microglia to hemin toxicity. The data indicate that the mutual interaction between NO and HO-1 plays a critical role in modulating the adaptive response of activated microglia to hemin toxicity. Better understanding of the survival mechanism of activated microglia may provide a therapeutic strategy to attenuate the devastating intracerebral hemorrhagic injury.
Compression and shifting to reduce occlusion in multiple short time series

Visualization of multiple time series often suffers from overplotting, making it difficult to read the values of curves that are hidden by other curves. We present techniques for horizontally displacing the endpoints of line segments in discrete time series data that (1) enable the depiction of subsets of data and (2) reduce occlusion of endpoints. Because endpoints are not displaced vertically, their y values can still be read and compared. Unlike small multiples, our techniques do not move points with the same x or y values far from each other, making some comparison tasks easier. We present three novel techniques: compressed-superposed, compressed-juxtaposed, and shifted layers. One limitation of our techniques is that they work best when there is only a small number of x values being visualized, and additionally, one of them (compressed-superposed) modifies the slopes of curves in a way that makes the slopes incomparable. Our experimental comparison with three status quo techniques (conventional overlaid, vertically-stacked small multiples, and horizontally-stacked small multiples) shows that our proposed techniques are competitive with status quo techniques and in some cases superior.