Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular genetic basis of pod corn (Tunicate maize)

Pod corn is a classic morphological mutant of maize in which the mature kernels of the cob are covered by glumes, in contrast to generally grown maize varieties in which kernels are naked. Pod corn, known since pre-Columbian times, is the result of a dominant gain-of-function mutation at the Tunicate (Tu) locus. Some classic articles of 20th century maize genetics reported that the mutant Tu locus is complex, but molecular details remained elusive. Here, we show that pod corn is caused by a cis-regulatory mutation and duplication of the ZMM19 MADS-box gene. Although the WT locus contains a single-copy gene that is expressed in vegetative organs only, mutation and duplication of ZMM19 in Tu lead to ectopic expression of the gene in the inflorescences, thus conferring vegetative traits to reproductive organs.
Diagnosis and Management of Adult Patients with von Willebrand Disease in South Australia

We have analyzed the databases for von Willebrand disease (VWD) from the hemophilia center for adult patients with bleeding disorders in South Australia. We define the prevalence of types of VWD to determine the proportion of who would be treated with factor (F) VIII/von Willebrand factor (VWF) concentrate to prevent or control hemorrhage. In severe or moderately severe patients, we use plasma-derived FVIII/VWF concentrate, and for mild to severe cases, we use desmopressin plus tranexamic acid. There are 103 patients with VWF ristocetin (RCo) ≤50 IU/dL: 38 (37%) severe (VWF:RCo <10 IU/dL), 28 (27%) moderate (VWF:RCo 10 to 29 IU/dL), and 37 (36%) mild (VWF:RCo 30 to 50 IU/dL). Hence in 66 (64%), FVIII/VWF concentrate is the mainstay of treatment. The prevalence of VWD in our region according to data from our center is ~1 per 12,000. A total of 52% of patients are type 1, 44% type 2, and 5% type 3. In our experience, type 2M (45% of type 2) is much more common than types 2A and 2B (each 9% of type 2). Mutation detection is useful for identifying some subtypes of VWD.
Interpreting Grazing Behavior

However, only a portion of the total amount of forage present is useful to a grazing animal. Therefore, the behavior of a grazing animal may be a better indicator of the quantity and quality of the portion of the forage present that is directly useful to the animal. As a livestock producer, you can use your observations of grazing behavior to gauge the amount and quality of forage being consumed. The development of this observational skill can provide a powerful management tool for use in estimating the expected direction of animal performance and in making appropriate management decisions.
(4-tert-Butylpyridine)chlorido[hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borato]nitrosylmolybdenum(I) dichloromethane monosolvate

In the title compound, [Mo(C15H22BN6)Cl(NO)(C9H13N)]·CH2Cl2, the MoI atom adopts a distorted MoClN5 octahedral geometry with the hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate anion in an N,N′,N′′-tridentate tripodal (facial) coordination mode. A 4-tert-butylpyrine ligand, chloride anion and a nitrosyl cation complement the coodination of the MoI atom and an intramolecular C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bond helps to stabilize the configuration of the complex molecule. The packing is stabilized by an intermolecular C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bond involving the complex molecule and the CH2Cl2 solvent molecule.
Chewing on the trees: Constraints and adaptation in the evolution of the primate mandible

Chewing on different food types is a demanding biological function. The classic assumption in studying the shape of feeding apparatuses is that animals are what they eat, meaning that adaptation to different food items accounts for most of their interspecific variation. Yet, a growing body of evidence points against this concept. We use the primate mandible as a model structure to investigate the complex interplay among shape, size, diet, and phylogeny. We find a weak but significant impact of diet on mandible shape variation in primates as a whole but not in anthropoids and catarrhines as tested in isolation. These clades mainly exhibit allometric shape changes, which are unrelated to diet. Diet is an important factor in the diversification of strepsirrhines and platyrrhines and a phylogenetic signal is detected in all primate clades. Peaks in morphological disparity occur during the Oligocene (between 37 and 25 Ma) supporting the notion that an adaptive radiation characterized the evolution of South American monkeys. In all primate clades, the evolution of mandible size is faster than its shape pointing to a strong effect of allometry on ecomorphological diversification in this group.
Flexible Single-Crystalline Ge p-Channel Thin-Film Transistors With Schottky-Barrier Source/Drain on Polyimide Substrates

Single-crystalline Ge p-channel thin-film transistors with Schottky-barrier source/drain (S/D) on flexible polyimide substrates are fabricated by a simple low-temperature process ( ¿ 250°C), which preserves the high mobility of Ge channel. Adhesive wafer bonding and Smart-Cut techniques were utilized to transfer the single-crystalline Ge thin film onto polyimide substrates. The Schottky-barrier S/D is formed by using Pt/n-Ge contact, showing a low hole barrier height. The device has a linear hole mobility of ~ 170 cm2·V-1·s-1 and a saturation current of ~ 1.6 ¿A/¿m at Vd = - 1.5 V for the channel length and width of 15 and 280 ¿m, respectively.
Review of paradoxes afflicting various voting procedures where one out of m candidates (m ≥ 2) must be elected

The paper surveys 17 deterministic electoral procedures for selecting one out of two or more candidates, as well as the susceptibility of each of these procedures to various paradoxes. A detailed appendix exemplifies the paradoxes to which each electoral procedure is susceptible. It is concluded that from the perspective of vulnerability to serious paradoxes, as well as in light of additional technical criteria, Copeland’s or Kemeny’s proposed procedures are the most desirable.
Monetary Policy Uncertainty and Central Bank Accountability

There is a considerable academic literature on the relationship between Central Bank independence and inflation but the issue of Central Bank accountability and its effect of inflation performance has received very little attention. This paper looks at the issue of accountability in a simple theoretical model. Defining greater accountability as lower public uncertainty over the Central Bank's preferences, it shows that greater accountability will tend to be associated with improved inflation performance. This follows because, increased uncertainty will cause the public to raise their average inflation expectation, ceteris paribus. This can be thought of as a form of risk premium that the public add to their inflation expectations when they are uncertain about the Central Bank's future actions. Given this result, the paper goes on to establish that a given level of inflation can be achieved by different combinations of accountability and independence. Greater accountability means that the same inflation outcome can be achieved at lower independence. The paper then suggests that this result accounts for the negative correlation between independence and accountability found in Briault, Haldane and King.
Determinants of Food Retailing in Developing Economies: The Case of Turkey

The relationship among economic development, public policy, and the food retailing structure is studied using historical data from Turkey. It is found that small food stores are the dominant form of food retailing in Turkey, although the stage of eco nomic development predicts "the supermarket age. " It is argued that country-specific demand-side variables, such as consumption patterns and shopping habits; supply-side variables, such as marketing functions performed by stores and market entry conditions; competitive factors; and public policy play important roles beyond the stage of economic development in determining the food retailing structure in developing countries.
Analyses of Recombinant Stereotypic IGHV3-21–Encoded Antibodies Expressed in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells that use IgH encoded by IGHV3-21 and that have a particular stereotypic third CDR (HCDR3), DANGMDV (motif-1), almost invariably express Ig L chains (IgL) encoded by IGLV3-21, whereas CLL that use IGHV3-21–encoded IgH with another stereotypic HCDR3, DPSFYSSSWTLFDY (motif-2), invariably express κ-IgL encoded by IGKV3-20. This nonstochastic pairing could reflect steric factors that preclude these IgH from pairing with other IgL or selection for an Ig with a particular Ag-binding activity. We generated rIg with IGHV3-21–encoded IgH with HCDR3 motif-1 or -2 and IgL encoded by IGKV3-20 or IGLV3-21. Each IgH paired equally well with matched or mismatched κ- or λ-IgL to form functional Ig, which we screened for binding to an array of different Ags. Ig with IGLV3-21–encoded λ-IgL could bind with an affinity of ∼2 × 10−6 M to protein L, a cell-wall protein of Peptostreptococcus magnus, independent of the IgH, indicating that protein L is a superantigen for IGLV3-21–encoded λ-IgL. We also detected Ig binding to cofilin, a highly conserved actin-binding protein. However, cofilin binding was independent of native pairing of IgH and IgL and was not specific for Ig with IgH encoded by IGHV3-21. We conclude that steric factors or the binding activity for protein L or cofilin cannot account for the nonstochastic pairing of IgH and IgL observed for the stereotypic Ig made by CLL cells that express IGHV3-21.
Constructing Density Forecasts from Quantile Regressions

The departure from the traditional concern with the central tendency is in line with the increasing recognition that an assessment of the degree of uncertainty surrounding a point forecast is indispensable (Clements 2004). We propose an econometric model to estimate the conditional density without relying on assumptions about the parametric form of the conditional distribution of the target variable. The methodology is applied to the U.S. unemployment rate and the survey of professional forecasts. Specification tests based on Koenker and Xiao (2002) and Gaglianone et al. (2011) indicate that our approach correctly approximates the true conditional density. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Some observations on the physiology of Saccharomyces rouxii Boutroux.

SUMMARY: Saccharomyces rouxii is shown to be tolerant of a wide range of acidities and of sugar and salt concentrations, but sensitive to temperatures above 35° unless protected by a small quantity of sugar in the medium. A limited investigation into the vitamin nutrition and nitrogen requirements of the yeast is reported.
Deletions in Invasive and Noninvasive Nonfunctional Pituitary Adenomas : The Deleted Region Involves Markers Outside of the MTS 1 and MTS 2 Genes '

We have screened 57 cases of primary, nonfunctional, pituitary adeno mas for loss of heterozygosity of markers on chromosome 9p. Using a panel of 11 microsateffite markers, we found hemizygous deletion with at least one of the markers in 18 tumors (31.5%). The frequency ofloss was similar in both noninvasive (8 of 26; 31%) and invasive tumors (10 of 31; 32%), suggesting that loss on this chromosome might be an early event in pituitary tumorigenesis. Two discrete areas of loss were punctuated by a region of retention of heterozygosity between the markers D9S171 and IFNA, indicative of homozygous deletion. However, multiplex PCR anal ysis (MTSJ and MTS2) and the presence of a 3' untranslated region polymorphism in MTSI suggested that neither of these tumor suppressor genes was homozygously deleted. In 6 of the 18 tumors showing LOH, sufficient DNA was also available for Southern blot analysis and, in all cases, showed retention of MTSJ. Cell mixing experiments of tumor cell DNA homozygously deleted for MTSJ with DNA in which neither copy of the gene was deleted only gave rise to a signal at contamination levels greater than 30% and could discriminate homozygous and hemizygous loss. These studies support the recent fmdings that mechanisms other than headand homozygous deletion are most likely responsible for the loss of MTSJ gene product in pituitary tumors (M. Woloschak etaL, Cancer Rca., 56: 2493â€”2486, 1996.). These data show that losses on either side of 9p21â€”22,both or either of which may be deleted, are involved in pituitary tumorigenesis and provide evidence for distinct suppressor gene loci, in addition to MTSI, on chromosome 9p.
The Meanings of Recovery From Addiction: Evolution and Promises

Objective:To review the evolution of the paradigm of recovery in addiction and its implications. Method:A systematic literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE and PsychInfo databases over the past 10 years and key references from the retrieved literature. Findings:The historical evolution of the concept of recovery has been shaped by several driving forces, including consumer experience, the need to better define our treatment outcome and parallel elaboration of the concepts of health, quality of life, and chronic disorders. Similarities and differences with the concept of “recovery” in mental health and other biomedical fields are identified.The empirical basis is growing in support of various proposed attributions and features of recovery along with the temporal benchmarks involved. The various forms of recovery, such as “natural,” “transformational,” or “medication-assisted,” describe a choice of pathways to a common goal.The management implications are far-reaching and call for system shifts from acute stabilization to sustained recovery, including the growth of alternative institutions, and roles complementary to mutual help. Tools for the sustenance of recovery, including educational kits, recovery workbooks, and e-recovery initiatives, are developing. Conclusions:Although first-person accounts of recovery abound, a more systematic empirical investigation of the concept has just begun, including demographic and cultural differences. Management implications are derived from the experience with other “mainstream” chronic disorders with treatment providing stabilization and initiation of recovery and a range of long-term resources becoming available to sustain it.
Recent changes in the function and frequency of Standard English genitive constructions: a multivariate analysis of tagged corpora

This study of present-day English genitive variation is based on all interchangeable instances of s- and of-genitives from the ‘Reportage’ and ‘Editorial’ categories of the ‘Brown family’ of corpora. Variation is studied by tapping into a number of independent variables, such as precedence of either construction in the text, length of the possessor and possessum phrases, phonological constraints, discourse flow, and animacy of the possessor. In addition to distributional analyses, we use logistic regression to investigate the probabilistic factor weights of these variables, thus tracking language change in progress as evidenced in the language of the press. This method, married to our large database, yields the most detailed perspective to date on frequently discussed issues, such as the relative importance of possessor animacy and end-weight in genitive choice (cf. most recently Rosenbach 2005), or on the exact factorial dynamics responsible for the ongoing spread of the s-genitive.
Measuring knowledge in the new product development process

Purpose – To present a measurement framework to capture the importance of the use of knowledge within the new product development (NPD) process.Design/methodology/approach – A literature review enabled 200 product development measures to be compiled. These were categorised into six dimensions: stakeholder contribution, operating context, reuse, invention, exploitation, and NPD performance. Four companies applied selected measures and assessed the cube for its ability to improve measurement and management of their NPD process. This process refined the approach. A web‐based questionnaire (with 130 responses) assessed how a wider population perceived their performance and capability to measure performance in each of the six dimensions.Findings – Respondents consider themselves capable of delivering good products and services, but are less confident in their ability to manage and measure knowledge reuse, invention and exploitation activities.Research limitations/implications – Full implementation of the measu.
Executive Equity Risk-Taking Incentives and Audit Pricing

ABSTRACT: Using a large sample of U.S. firms spanning the period 2000–2010, we document a strong positive association between the sensitivity of CEO compensation portfolio to stock return volatility (vega) and audit fees. We also show that the positive association between vega and audit fees is weaker in the post-Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) period. In supplementary tests, we show that the relation between vega and audit fees is stronger for firms with older CEOs and in firms where the CEO is also chairman of the board. Collectively, our results suggest that audit firms incorporate executive risk-taking incentives in the fees they charge for their services. JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M52.
Multimedia Mobile Cloud Computing: Application models for performance enhancement

Central to the vision of Smart City is the realization of efficient models that are capable of handling massive amounts of mobile multimedia data in the city's eco-system. Despite the improvement in hardware of mobile devices, challenges associated with analyzing, managing, and sharing of data still exist. As such, the responsiveness to real time applications and bandwidth and wireless constraints cannot be achieved by hardware design only. Therefore, there is a move towards the software side that is enabled by Mobile Cloud Computing to overcome these challenges, whereby parts of mobile applications are executed in remote servers with rich computational resources. This technology decreases the load on mobile devices and increases their performance. Several models have been proposed to increase mobile devices performance. This paper explores these models and compares them based on several performance parameters, including computation offloading, latency, bandwidth, and response time.
The Vascular Ectonucleotidase ENTPD1 Is a Novel Renoprotective Factor in Diabetic Nephropathy

Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1) (also known as CD39) is the dominant vascular ectonucleotidase. By hydrolyzing ATP and ADP to AMP, ENTPD1 regulates ligand availability to a large family of P2 (purinergic) receptors. Modulation of extracellular nucleotide metabolism is an important factor in several acute and subacute models of vascular injury. We hypothesized that aberrant nucleotide signaling would promote chronic glomerular injury in diabetic nephropathy. Inducing diabetes in ENTPD1-null mice with streptozotocin resulted in increased proteinuria and more severe glomerular sclerosis compared with matched diabetic wild-type mice. Diabetic ENTPD1-null mice also had more glomerular fibrin deposition and glomerular plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) staining than wild-type controls. In addition, ENTPD1-null mice showed increased glomerular inflammation, in association with higher levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression. Mesangial cell PAI-1 and MCP-1 mRNA expression were upregulated by ATP and UTP but not ADP or adenosine in vitro. The stable nucleotide analog ATPγS stimulated sustained expression of PAI-1 and MCP-1 in vitro, whereas the stable adenosine analog NECA [5′-(N-ethylcarboxamido)adenosine] downregulated expression of both genes. Extracellular nucleotide-stimulated upregulation of MCP-1 is, at least in part, protein kinase C dependent. We conclude that ENTPD1 is a vascular protective factor in diabetic nephropathy that modulates glomerular inflammation and thromboregulation.
The Influence of Event Authenticity and Quality Attributes on Behavioral Intentions

Many studies have found that the perceived authenticity of cultural and religious events affects event satisfaction and loyalty. Little is currently known about how perceived authenticity is affected by the quality of other event attributes, such as food and the availability of information, which are independent determinants of satisfaction and loyalty. This article explores this complex relationship using empirical data collected through a survey conducted during the 2010 Holy Year in Santiago de Compostela. A total of 400 questionnaires were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of our analysis of the 2010 Holy Year provide support for the effect of event perceived authenticity on event satisfaction, and they also indicate that event perceived authenticity does not have a direct impact on event loyalty. Instead, its relationship to the intention to revisit is mediated by event satisfaction. In addition, the effects of event attributes were assessed for both event satisfaction and perceived authenticity, and significant differences were found.
The path to leadership for Native American women at North Dakota tribal colleges

The purpose of the study was to explore North Dakota tribal college female leaders‟ path to leadership. Further, the study focused on whether the traditional roles of Native American women assisted these women in achieving leadership positions. The study was a qualitative, flexible methodology using a case study grounded theory approach to discover, develop, and provisionally verify data. The target population for this research study was eight Native American women who currently hold or have held leadership positions at one of the five North Dakota tribal colleges. Leadership positions were defined as presidents, vice presidents, and deans. The Native American women formerly holding leadership positions from the North Dakota tribal colleges still live in North Dakota and have jobs relating to tribal colleges. In addition, each of the participants held a minimum of a master‟s degree.
Expression of alkaline phosphatase loci in mammalian tissues.

Alkaline phosphatases [orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1. 3.1] have been examined in liver, bone, kidney, intestine, and placenta from nine mammalian species by quantitative inhibition and thermostability studies and compared with alkaline phosphatases in the corresponding human tissues. In humans, three kinds of alkaline phosphatase can be sharply differentiated by these methods, one occurring in liver, bone, and kidney, one in intestine, and one in placenta. They are evidently determined by separate gene loci. In the mammals only two sorts of alkaline phosphatase were found: one, which occurs in liver, bone, kidney, and also placenta, corresponds to the human liver/bone/kidney enzyme and the other corresponds to the human intestinal enzyme. The findings support our earlier proposal that the expression of a distinctive type of alkaline phosphatase in human placenta is the consequence of a late evolutionary event which occurred subsequent to the divergence of the evolutionary lineage leading to humans from the various lineages leading to other mammalian species. The concentrations of the inhibitors, phenylalanine, homoarginine, phenylalanylglycylglycine, and levamisole, required to give 50% inhibition, [I(50)], of the liver/bone/kidney/placental (nonhuman) alkaline phosphatases showed no significant variation among the species. However, the [I(50)] values for the intestinal enzyme varied among species to a much greater extent. This implies that in the liver/bone/kidney/placental (nonhuman) alkaline phosphatase the structures of the binding sites for these inhibitors have been highly conserved during mammalian evolution, but there has been much greater divergence of these structures in the evolution of intestinal alkaline phosphatases.