Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activation of Ca2+‐activated K+ channels by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ induced by depolarization of mouse skeletal muscle fibres

1 Ionic currents were simultaneously recorded at macroscopic and unitary level using the whole‐cell and cell‐attached patch‐clamp procedures together on the same portion of isolated mouse skeletal muscle fibres. 2 In the presence of Tyrode solution in the patch pipette and Tyrode‐TTX solution in the bath, macroscopic and unitary currents through delayed rectifier K+ channels were simultaneously recorded in response to depolarizing pulses of 1 s duration. 3 In five fibres, successive long‐lasting incremental depolarizing levels induced, at ‐40 mV or ‐30 mV, the opening of a high conductance channel carrying an outward current superimposed on delayed rectifier K+ channel activity. Opening of this high conductance channel was not observed when the depolarization steps were applied in the patch pipette. 4 Using the same depolarizing protocol, activation of a high conductance channel was also observed in two fibres in the presence of a K+‐rich solution in the pipette (145 mm K+). 5 With either Tyrode or K+‐rich solution in the pipette, unitary current amplitudes of the high conductance channel matched well with the values obtained for Ca2+‐activated K+ (KCa) channels in inside‐out patches under similar ionic conditions. 6 Indo‐1 fluorescence measurements showed that the stimulation protocol that led to KCa channel opening induced stepwise increases in intracellular [Ca2+] in the submicromolar range. 7 Our results provide evidence that activation of sarcolemmal KCa channels can be induced by a rise in intracellular [Ca2+] following voltage‐activated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release.
Study on Improved Fast Immunized Genetic Algorithm

As an effective global optimization method, genetic algorithm has been used in real practice very widely. When it is used in real practice, its slow convergence and poor stability have become the main problems. In order to overcome these problems, from the creation of the initial population, immune selection operation, improved genetic operators, et al, an improved fast immunized genetic algorithm is proposed. Through the simulation experiments of some hard-optimization functions, the proposed algorithm shows its faster convergence and better stability than a lot of existing algorithms'.
Implementation Of Back-Propagation Neural Network For Isolated Bangla Speech Recognition

This paper is concerned with the development of Back-propagation Neural Network for Bangla Speech Recognition. In this paper, ten bangla digits were recorded from ten speakers and have been recognized. The features of these speech digits were extracted by the method of Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) analysis. The mfcc features of five speakers were used to train the network with Back propagation algorithm. The mfcc features of ten bangla digit speeches, from 0 to 9, of another five speakers were used to test the system. All the methods and algorithms used in this research were implemented using the features of Turbo C and C++ languages. From our investigation it is seen that the developed system can successfully encode and analyze the mfcc features of the speech signal to recognition. The developed system achieved recognition rate about 96.332% for known speakers (i.e., speaker dependent) and 92% for unknown speakers (i.e., speaker independent).
The microdébrider and its complications in endoscopic surgery for nasal polyposis.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the rate of complications of the microdébrider in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for nasal polyposis. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING A retrospective study was done on the complications occurring during ESS for nasal polyposis and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) without nasal polyps in which a microdébrider had been used on 275 sides of 139 patients in a tertiary university practice setting. RESULTS The mean sinus opacification scores in computed tomography, according to the Lund-Mackay staging system, were 9.2 +/- 2.28 for the nasal polyposis group and 4.8 +/- 1.54 for the CRS group. There was one major complication, a cerebrospinal fistula that was repaired during the surgery. The minor and major complication rates for the nasal polyposis group were 11.8% and 0.5%, respectively. The minor complication rate for the CRS group was 4%. CONCLUSION Knowledge of endonasal anatomy, surgical experience, a bloodless operating field, and being careful about every colour change during the operation are the fundamental essentials for lowering the complication rate. With its lower incidence of complications, even in high-risk cases such as nasal polyposis, a microdébrider provides acceptable complication rates in ESS. Also, the severity of the disease is the main determining factor for the final complication rate.
Polymorphic Worms Collection in Cloud Computing

In the past few years, computer worms are seen as one of significant challenges of cloud computing. Worms are rapidly changing and getting more sophisticated to evade detection. One major issue to defend against computer worms is collecting worms' payloads to generate their signature and study their behavior. To collect worms' payloads, we identified challenges for detecting and collecting worms' payloads and proposed high-interactive honeypot to collect payloads of zero-day polymorphic worms in homogeneous and heterogeneous cloud computing platforms. Virtual machine (VM) memory and VM disk image are inspected from outside using open-source forensics tools and VMWare Virtual Disk Development Kit. Our experiments show that the proposed approach overcomes the identified challenges.
Adam Smith and the Ethics of Contemporary Democratic Capitalism in New Zealand

The ideology of the New Right draws many of its foundational concepts from the work of Adam Smith. This appropriation and vulgarization of Smith′s work constitutes a major injustice to this seminally important theorist. In particular, the moral underpinnings of Smith′s project are often ignored, as are his insights on the potential dysfunctions and pathologies a capitalist society might foster. Most critiques of capitalism are launched from a Marxian‐based perspective. Finds, however, that by examining post‐Rogernomics New Zealand in light of the potential dysfunctions identified by Smith, the father of capitalism himself proves to be the most trenchant critic of the current order.
In defence of multidimensional scaling for the analysis of sexual offence behaviour: cautionary notes regarding analysis and interpretation

Abstract Multidimensional scaling (MDS) has become a popular form of statistical analysis in the field of psychology and law. A recent paper in this journal by Sturidsson and colleagues (12, 221–230, 2006) used MDS to replicate an earlier study of sexual offence behaviour by Canter and Heritage (Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 1, 185–212, 1990). They concluded that the model was not replicable and cast grave doubts on the applicability of MDS for the analysis of sexual offences. In this paper I argue that neither conclusion is correct. Initial difficulties in interpretation of the MDS results were clearly due to errors in calculation that should have been recognised. Indeed, a frequency analysis of Sturidsson and colleagues’ variables indicated that their results were in fact remarkably congruent with those of Canter and Heritage. It is concluded that statistical software should not obviate the need for a working knowledge of the statistics being computed.
Power-Aware Cooperative Relay Selection Strategies in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Cooperative diversity is an effective technique to combat multipath fading. When this technique is applied to ad hoc networks, it is a key issue to design distributed and power-efficient relay selection strategies. In this paper, we propose the power-aware relay selection (PARS) strategies to maximize the network lifetime. The PARS strategies are composed of the optimal power allocation(OPA) and three power-aware selection criteria. The OPA aims at minimizing the overall transmit power, while the three criteria select the relay that best help extend the network lifetime, based on both the OPA results and the residual power levels of the nodes. We combine our strategies with the opportunistic relay model, which is based on a 802.11b-like media access control (MRC) protocol, so the selection process can be done in a totally distributed way. Simulation results show that the proposed strategies have great improvement in both network lifetime and power efficiency
Determinants of user continuance intention to use e-government

This study empirically explores the determinants of user continuance intention to use e-government. A questionnaire was developed based on the e-government continuance to use literature. A convenient sample of Jordanian citizens was chosen. The results of data analysis revealed that the continuance intention to use e-government services is a function of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, PISE, and perceived information quality. This research has not taken into account the possibility of any intervening, mediating, and moderating relationships that influence the hypothesised relationships at the research model. This research gives policy makers and decision makers insight into improving continuance intention in e-government applications.
Visuotactile integration for depth perception in augmented reality

Augmented reality applications using stereo head-mounted displays are not capable of perfectly blending real and virtual objects. For example, depth in the real world is perceived through cues such as accommodation and vergence. However, in stereo head-mounted displays these cues are disconnected since the virtual is generally projected at a static distance, while vergence changes with depth. This conflict can result in biased depth estimation of virtual objects in a real environment. In this research, we examined whether redundant tactile feedback can reduce the bias in perceived depth in a reaching task. In particular, our experiments proved that a tactile mapping of distance to vibration intensity or vibration position on the skin can be used to determine a virtual object's depth. Depth estimation when using only tactile feedback was more accurate than when using only visual feedback, and when using visuotactile feedback it was more precise and occurred faster than when using unimodal feedback. Our work demonstrates the value of multimodal feedback in augmented reality applications that require correct depth perception, and provides insights on various possible visuotactile implementations.
Generalized switching function model of modular multilevel converter

This paper presents a generalized switching function model of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) that can be used instead of MMC electromagnetic transient simulation model for full-scale simulations of high-voltage dc (HVDC) and flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS). The proposed method is computationally more efficient and numerically stable than its electromagnetic transient simulation counterpart, and it is applicable for wide range of studies, including ac and dc network faults. The proposed switching function model is packaged in a graphical form to suit various simulation platforms such as Simulink and PSCAD. The validity of the presented model is confirmed using simulation and its scalability has been demonstrated on MMC with 301 cells per arm, considering power reversal during normal operation and dc short circuit fault.
Interventional Therapies for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Focused Review (Efficacy and Outcomes)

Context: Lower back pain is considered to be one of the most common complaints that brings a patient to a pain specialist. Several modalities in interventional pain management are known to be helpful to a patient with chronic low back pain. Proper diagnosis is required for appropriate intervention to provide optimal benefits. From simple trigger point injections for muscular pain to a highly complex intervention such as a spinal cord stimulator are very effective if chosen properly. The aim of this article is to provide the reader with a comprehensive reading for treatment of lower back pain using interventional modalities. Evidence Acquisition: Extensive search for published literature was carried out online using PubMed, Cochrane database and Embase for the material used in this manuscript. This article describes the most common modalities available to an interventional pain physician along with the most relevant current and past references for the treatment of lower back pain. All the graphics and images were prepared by and belong to the author. Results: This review article describes the most common modalities available to an interventional pain physician along with the most relevant current and past references for the treatment of lower back pain. All the graphics and images belong to the author. Although it is beyond the scope of this review article to include a very detailed description of each procedure along with complete references, a sincere attempt has been made to comprehensively cover this very complex and perplexing topic. Conclusion: Lower back pain is a major healthcare issue and this review article will help educate the pain practitioners about the current evidence based treatment options.
Estradiol shifts interactions between the infralimbic cortex and central amygdala to enhance fear extinction memory in female rats

There is growing evidence that estradiol (E2) enhances fear extinction memory consolidation. However, it is unclear how E2 influences the nodes of the fear extinction network to enhance extinction memory. This study begins to delineate the neural circuits underlying the influence of E2 on fear extinction acquisition and consolidation in female rats. After fear conditioning (day 1), naturally cycling female rats underwent extinction learning (day 2) in a low‐E2 state, receiving a systemic administration of either E2 or vehicle prior to extinction training. Extinction memory recall was then tested 24 hr later (day 3). We measured immediate early gene c‐fos expression within the extinction network during fear extinction learning and extinction recall. During extinction learning, E2 treatment increased centrolateral amygdala c‐fos activity and reduced lateral amygdala activity relative to vehicle. During extinction recall, E2‐treated rats exhibited reduced c‐fos expression in the centromedial amygdala. There were no group differences in c‐fos expression within the medial prefrontal cortex or dorsal hippocampus. Examining c‐fos ratios with the infralimbic cortex (IL) revealed that, despite the lack of group differences within the IL, E2 treatment induced greater IL activity relative to both prelimbic cortex and central amygdala (CeA) activity during extinction memory recall. Only the relationship between IL and CeA activity positively correlated with extinction retention. In conclusion, E2 appears to modify interactions between the IL and the CeA in females, shifting from stronger amygdalar modulation of fear during extinction learning to stronger IL control during extinction recall. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flame recognition in video

This paper presents an automatic system for fire detection in video sequences. There are many previous methods to detect fire, however, all except two use spectroscopy or particle sensors. The two that use visual information suffer from the inability to cope with a moving camera or a moving scene. One of these is not able to work on general data, such as movie sequences. The other is too simplistic and unrestrictive in determining what is considered fire, so that it can be used reliably only in aircraft dry bays. Our system uses color and motion information computed from video sequences to locate fire. This is done by first using an approach that is based upon creating a Gaussian-smoothed color histogram to determine the fire-colored pixels, and then using the temporal variation of pixels to determine which of these pixels are actually fire. Unlike the two previous vision-based methods for pre detection, our method is applicable to more areas because of its insensitivity to camera motion. Two specific applications not possible with previous algorithms are the recognition of fire in the presence of global camera motion or scene motion and the recognition of fire in movies for possible use in an automatic rating system. We show that our method works in a variety of conditions, and that it can automatically determine when it has insufficient information.
Fixpoint Extensions of Temporal Description Logics

In this paper we introduce a decidable fixpoint extension of temporal Description Logics. We exploit the decidability results obtained for various monodic extensions of Description Logics to obtain decidability and tight complexity results for temporal fixpoint extensions of these Description Logics and more generally for the decidable monodic fragments of first order logic.
Persistent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of monoblastoid cells leads to accumulation of self-integrated viral DNA and to production of defective virions

Cell-free virus preparations from persistently infected monoblastoid cells (HU937) become progressively less infectious during long-term passage. This effect is specific for cell lines derived from U937 and is not observed in persistently infected T-cell lines. Reduced infectivity is correlated with accumulation of unusual, high-molecular-weight, extrachromosomal forms of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA. These DNA molecules contain multiple copies of the viral genome, and their structures are highly variable. Of 17 subclones of the HU937 cell line, 15 unique restriction fragment patterns were observed for the HIV-1 viral DNA. Structural analysis of these viral DNA species indicated that they were formed by sequential rounds of long terminal repeat-mediated integration of one circular DNA form into preexisting monomeric or multimeric structures. These viral DNA structures are termed nested self-integrates. Once formed, self-integrates prove to be stable and can be maintained for several months in culture. The unusual structures of HIV-1 DNA in persistently infected monoblastoid cells attest to an alternative to the accepted retrovirus life cycle. The self-integrated viral DNA species reported here may explain some aspects of the mechanism controlling establishment and maintenance of persistent HIV-1 infection in cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage.
Speeds of Subitizing and Counting Processes in Different Age Groups

Summary Parameters describing subitizing and counting processes were studied in 88 Ss, including children aged 7, 8, 10, 12, and 15 and adults. The Ss were asked in individual sessions to report the number of dots exposed on a screen as fast as possible. The latencies of the reports indicated that the speeds of the two processes of subitizing (immediate apprehension of the number of stimuli) and counting increased with age. The mean time required per dot in subitizing and counting was related to age in two exponential equations, respectively. The time required for subitizing one extra dot was about 100 msec for 7-year-old children and decreased gradually with age to about 30 msec for adults. The time required for counting one extra dot decreased from approximately 1000 msec for 7-year-olds to 250 msec for adults. The maximum number of stimuli which were estimated in a subitizing process changed only slightly from three dots for 7-year-old children to four dots for adults.
Concert viewing headphones

Concert Viewing Headphones, which are equipped with a projector, an inclination sensor, and a distance sensor for zoom control, have been developed. These headphones enable a user to view and listen selectively to specific performers in a group performance recorded on film, and they have both image and sound processing functions. The image processing extracts a portion of the image indicated by the user and projects it free of distortion on the front and side walls. The sound processing generates virtual microphones that allow a listener to focus on select performers even in the absence of individual, physical microphones.
Blind watermarking algorithm based on henon chaos system and lifting scheme wavelet

A new blind watermarking algorithm based on Henon chaos system and lifting scheme wavelet is proposed. Two-dimensional reversible nonlinear Henon chaos system that is dealt with mould operation is utilized to scramble the watermarking images by chain type; then the scrambling watermarking is embedded into the lifting scheme wavelet coefficients using the pseudorandom of the two-dimensional Henon chaotic sequence. This watermarking embedding algorithm optimally utilizes the pseudorandom of the Henon chaos system, and also the embedding position is selected more simply and reasonably. All parameters such as controlling parameter of Henon chaos system x0, y0, z0 and embedding intensity parameter S are encrypting key which further increase the security of the watermarking algorithm. Meanwhile, the different selection of embedding intensity parameter can easily balance the invisible and the robust of the watermarking. Experimental results show that this method is invisible and robust against some usual attacks such as JPEG, cropping, adding noise, filtering and so on.
TESTTUBE: a system for selective regression testing

The paper describes a system called TESTTUBE that combines static and dynamic analysis to perform selective retesting of software systems written in C. TESTTUBE first identifies which functions, types, variables and macros are covered by each test unit in a test suite. Each time the system under test is modified, TESTTUBE identifies which entities were changed to create the new version. Using the coverage and change information, TESTTUBE selects only those test units that cover the changed entities for testing the new version. We have applied TESTTUBE to selective retesting of two software systems, an I/O library and a source code analyzer. Additionally, we are adapting TESTTUBE for selective retesting of nondeterministic systems, where the main drawback is the unsuitability of dynamic analysis for identification of covered entities. Our experience with TESTTUBE has been quite encouraging, with an observed reduction of 50% or more in the number of test cases needed to test typical software changes. <<ETX>>
A kernel machine based approach for multi-view face recognition

Techniques that can introduce low-dimensional feature representation with enhanced discriminatory power is of paramount importance in face recognition applications. It is well known that the distribution of face images, under a perceivable variation in viewpoint, illumination or facial expression, is highly nonlinear and complex. It is therefore, not surprising that linear techniques, such as those based on principle component analysis (PCA) or linear discriminant analysis (LDA) cannot provide reliable and robust solutions to those complex face recognition problems. We propose a kernel machine based discriminant analysis method, which deals with the nonlinearity of the face patterns' distribution. The proposed method also effectively solves the "small sample size" (SSS) problem which exists in most face recognition tasks. The new algorithm has been tested, in terms of error rate performance, on the multi-view UMIST Face Database. Results indicate that the proposed methodology outperform other commonly used approaches, such as the kernel-PCA (KPCA) and the generalized discriminant analysis (GDA).