Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalization in Native Language Identification: Learners versus Scientists

English. Native Language Identification (NLI) is the task of recognizing an author’s native language from text in another language. In this paper, we consider three English learner corpora and one new, presumably more difficult, scientific corpus. We find that the scientific corpus is only about as hard to model as a less-controlled learner corpus, but cannot profit as much from corpus combination via domain adaptation. We show that this is related to an inherent topic bias in the scientific corpus: researchers from different countries tend to work on different topics. Italiano. La Native Language Identification (NLI) permette di riconoscere la lingua madre di un autore utilizzando il testo scritto in un’ altra lingua. In questo lavoro utilizziamo tre collezioni di testi prodotti da apprendenti di inglese e un nuovo corpus scientifico, presumibilmente più difficile. In realtà, il corpus scientifico risulta essere difficile da modellare quanto un corpus di apprendimento meno controllato; tuttavia, a differenza di questi, esso non beneficia della combinazione di diversi corpora con metodi di domain adaptation. Questo limite è legato ad un’intrinseca specializzazione degli argomenti del corpus scientifico: ricercatori di paesi diversi tendono a trattare argomenti diversi.
Rapid Internationalization of Traditional SMEs: Entrepreneurial Decision-Making and Organizational Changes

In the last 15 years, several traditional Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) internationalized rapidly operations in psychic distant countries with limited market knowledge, limited use of networks, and limited entrepreneur's international experience. This thesis draws research attention to this internationalization phenomenon here named Production-Oriented Internationalization (POI) of traditional SMEs. The investigation is focused on three issues: internationalization pathway of traditional SMEs, entrepreneurial decision-making process during the internationalization, and consequences of the internationalization on the firm's organizational elements. Firstly, by analyzing five case firms from Italy, I describe the peculiar path followed by SMEs during POI and show that the leading literature does not contemplate it. I argue that traditional SMEs are able to shift their internationalization process (from gradual to rapid) becoming actual international players. Given the high relevance of the traditional SMEs in many national economies (e.g. Italy, Spain, Portugal, Denmark) it is interesting to study how these firms can catch up rapidly with the increasing global competition. Secondly, I investigated the entrepreneurial cognitive process during the SMEs' internationalization of operations. Using the same sample of the first part, I show that the decision-making process can be explained through Effectuation theory. I argue that in the situation of high uncertainty, goal ambiguity and environmental isotropy (typical situation in case of internationalization of SME) even experienced entrepreneurs of already existing organizations tend to adopt effectuation logic during the decision-making process, rather than causal one. Thirdly, I focused on the the impacts of the internationalization of operations on internal organizational elements in traditional SMEs. From the same dataset emerges that traditional SMEs were forced to perform a relevant number of adaptations spread in time that affected different organizational elements. I argue that these adaptations accumulated into a continuous radical change for the company; it is a complicated process; nevertheless, traditional SMEs through this process are potentially able to develop resources/capabilities that improve their international competitiveness.
Numerical analysis of the hot-spot temperature of a power transformer with alternative dielectric liquids

The assessment of two vegetal oils as coolant in Low Voltage Winding of a power transformer with zigzag cooling have been analyzed. These dielectric fluids cooling performance has been compared with a typical mineral oil. To make the study, a 2D-axisymmetrical model of a power transformer has been developed to perform a numerical analysis using a Finite Element Method based software, COMSOL Multiphysics®. Some values are obtained in order to establish the comparison, such as hot-spot temperature or hot-spot factor. Moreover, the influence of the increase of the number of passes of the cooling circuit on the hot-spot temperature has been evaluated for all liquids and compared with the initial design. Results obtained in this work show that the hot-spot temperature is lower for the vegetal oils in the initial design. Furthermore, an increase in the number of passes affect more positively to the mineral oil since similar values of the hot-spot temperature for all liquids are obtained. Values of the hot-spot factor indicates that higher number of passes leads to lower efficient cooling circuits owing to the increase of the pressure drop although the hot-spot temperature decreases.
Pouring Over IFRS - a Case Study on Financial Disclosure in the Wine Industry

This paper examines the 2005 financial disclosure for Evans and Tate Limited and its controlled entities. The first section of the paper examines the composition of the group, group profit, group taxation, and the impact of IFRS. One key finding is there is no estimate by the company as to the impact of IFRS in future reporting periods. The second section of the paper examines seven areas; voluntary disclosure, depreciation, expenditure commitments, amendments to goodwill, current asset classification, debt classification, and dividends. The finding from this examination suggests that the financial accounts are at best 'creative', but at worst erroneous and misleading. The paper concludes by reflecting on the motivation that the company may have adopted in managing its financial disclosure, and the implications for investors and other stakeholders.
The Impact of the Marketing Mix and Sustainability on Shaping Consumer Preferences Towards Non-Food Stores

A major challenge for any company, regardless of its field of activity, is related to the considerable improvement of financial indicators that determine its activity, such as: market share, turnover, sales volume and value, number of customers, etc. In generating these quantitative indicators, a major role is also played by qualitative indicators, usually represented by consumers᾿ and clients᾿ reviews. These qualitative indicators include satisfaction with companies᾿ services, trust and sympathy displayed, return to the store and positive recommendations of the store to friends, relatives or other people, together with the perceived fairness of retailers᾿ treatment. They represent important vectors not only in generating behavioral success of these stores, but also in attracting and retaining customers. In shaping a favorable perception, a particular role is played by several levers - prices, assortment, store atmosphere, customer service, etc. These, together with awareness, trust, sympathy, and more recently with sustainability issues (orientation towards environment protection, reducing resource consumption, societal orientation etc.) converge towards a better positioning of the companies among target market segments.The literature highlights several approaches to the issues at stake, treated individually and in interrelation, but does not entirely succeed in outlining an appropriate research direction regarding the integration of sustainability issues in shaping customer preferences towards non-food retail stores. Fully understanding the situation, the authors conduct an empirical research in non-food retailing in Romania. The research highlights some important issues, from both theoretical and practical point of view, useful in future scientific researches, as well as in defining internationalization strategies of retailers.
Factors which impact effective succession in small family-owned businesses : an empirical study.

FACTORS WHICH IMPACT EFFECTIVE SUCCESSION IN SMALL FAMILY-OWNED BUSINESSES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY SEPTEMBER 1991 STEVEN D. GOLDBERG, B.S., NEW HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE M.B.A., UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAVEN Ed.D. , UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS Directed by: Professor Norma Jean Anderson Family-owned businesses are associated with a low rate of survival. Statistically, less than three in ten will survive the first 50 years. The literature acknowledges that the issue of succession is critical for organizational development and continuity. Effective (successful) successors are defined in the literature as those persons who have the title and power of office and, in the long term, demonstrate the ability to create a positive trend of growth and profits for the business. The research consists primarily of quantitative analysis. The bulk of the research is predicated on 254 respondents, of which 181 are classified as effective successors and 73 as ineffective successors. Additionally, four in-depth interviews with successors were conducted and analyzed to verify the quantitative dimension and to lend breadth to the constraints of a survey questionnaire. The purpose of the research is to identify factors common to effective successors and ineffective successors. The data gathered centered on two topics: successor demographics, and successor attitudes relating to their families, themselves, and their businesses. The data
Global image registration using a symmetric block-matching approach

Abstract. Most medical image registration algorithms suffer from a directionality bias that has been shown to largely impact subsequent analyses. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature to address this bias in the context of nonlinear registration, but little work has been done for global registration. We propose a symmetric approach based on a block-matching technique and least-trimmed square regression. The proposed method is suitable for multimodal registration and is robust to outliers in the input images. The symmetric framework is compared with the original asymmetric block-matching technique and is shown to outperform it in terms of accuracy and robustness. The methodology presented in this article has been made available to the community as part of the NiftyReg open-source package.
Knowledge management -emerging perspectives

Knowledge management is an essential tool for corporates and educators to leverage their skills. This becomes indispensible for deciding the procedure, process , approach in a specific system damain in which an Organisation function. It is also essential to see the algorithimic knowledge in Technological development wherein a person posses both tacit and explicit knowledge.Sharing knowledge is an ongoing process in any Organisation irrespective of their business process.
Development of a scientific instrument interface module for cabled seafloor observatories based on industrial control technology

Cabled seafloor observatories are subsea infrastructure for real-time, in-situ and 3-dimensional oceanographic observations. Data acquired by cabled seafloor observatories can be used for tsunami/earthquake forecast, environmental monitoring, research on climate change, etc. In our work, a Scientific Instrument Interface Module (SIIM) has been developed for the connection of underwater instruments with various power requirements and communication interfaces. It is a standard device interfacing between instruments and cabled seafloor observatories. Reliability and flexibility are emphasized during the design of SIIM to reduce maintenance cost. With the use of industrial control technology and modular design, the number and type of the instrument ports are configurable according to customer requirements.
Predictors of Physical Function among the Oldest Old

This study has measured physical function in a nationally representative sample of persons aged 77 to 98 (N = 508) in 1992. Three measures of function are used: activities of daily living (ADL), an index of mobility, and performance tests. These are used as outcomes and analyzed in relation to variables gathered in a survey in 1968. Variables from 1968 include education, mobility, smoking, and an index of circulation problems. All four variables predict some limitations in physical function in old age. However, there are different patterns of predictors found for the three outcome measures. All three outcomes are associated with age, education, and previous circulation problems. ADL limitations are also associated with poor previous mobility and smoking; mobility limitations are also associated with sex and smoking; performance limitations are also associated with sex.
Empirical Study of Risk Assessment and Allocation of Public-Private Partnership Projects in China

Earlier research studies on public-private partnership (PPP) indicated that an objective, reliable, and practical risk assessment model for PPP projects and an equitable risk allocation mechanism among different parties are crucial to the successful implementation of these PPP projects. However, actual empirical research works in this research area are limited. This paper reports the first stage of a research study, which aims to identify and assess the principal risks for the delivery of PPP projects in China and to address their proper risk allocation between the private and public sectors. An empirical questionnaire survey was designed to examine the relative importance of different risk factors and to analyze the allocation of risk factors to different parties in PPP projects. A total of 580 questionnaires were sent out, and a total of 105 valid responses were obtained for data analysis. The Mann-Whitney U test is employed to investigate whether significant difference in perception existed first between the private and public sectors and second between industrial practitioners and academics in China. The empirical findings show that the three most important risk factors for PPP projects in China are (1) government intervention; (2) government corruption; and (3) poor public decision-making processes. These findings reveal that the Chinese government intervention and corruption may be the major obstacles to the success of PPP projects in China. A major cause for these risks may be attributed to inefficient legislative and supervisory systems for PPP projects in China. After conducting the Mann-Whitney U test on the 105 survey respondents, the empirical findings indicate that the perceptions of all 34 risk factors in China between the private and public sectors were not significantly different. Similarly, there were no significant differences between academics and industrial practitioners except that the former perceived the problem of government corruption to be more severe than did the latter. For risk allocation, the empirical results indicate that the public and private sectors were in general consensus with most of the risks identified. The major risks that the public sector preferred to accept are within the systematic risk category, especially political, legal, and social risks. The private sector preferred to retain the principal risks within the specific project risk category, especially construction, operation, and relationship risks, in addition to economic risks within systematic risk category. The remaining risk, environment risk, is preferred to be shared between the two sectors. This research study enables international construction companies to better understand how risks should be assessed and allocated for PPP projects in China. It also assists in risk response planning and control for future PPP projects in China. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000049. © 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
Amino acid sequence of rat kidney glutathione synthetase.

Glutathione (GSH) synthetase [gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3. 2.3], an enzyme present in almost all cells, catalyzes the ATP-dependent synthesis of GSH from gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine and glycine. Highly purified preparations of the enzyme have been obtained from rat kidney and several lower forms. The rat kidney enzyme (M(r), 118,000), which contains approximately 2% carbohydrate, is composed of two apparently identical subunits. The cDNA encoding rat kidney GSH synthetase was isolated from a rat kidney lambda gt11 cDNA library by immunoscreening with an antibody prepared against the isolated enzyme. The cDNA contains 1905 nucleotides and an open reading frame of 1422 nucleotides coding for 474 amino acids. The cDNA has a 3' untranslated region of 439 nucleotides, which includes a poly(A) tail. The deduced amino acid sequence (M(r), 52,344) contains all five of the peptide sequences that were independently determined by Edman degradation. The cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli. The amino acid sequence of the rat kidney enzyme has no significant similarity to that of the enzyme from E. coli and shows some similarity to those deduced for the yeast and frog enzymes. Knowledge of this amino acid sequence is expected to facilitate elucidation of the sequence of the corresponding human enzyme and to lead to studies on the biochemical mechanisms involved in human GSH synthetase deficiency as well as to development of improved methods for prenatal diagnosis of these inborn diseases.
The Analysis of TRACE/PARCS in the Simulation of Ultimate Response Guideline for Lungmen ABWR

— In this research, the TRACE/PARCS model of Lungmen ABWR has been developed for verification of ultimate response guideline (URG) efficiency. This ultimate measure was named as DIVing plan, abbreviated from system depressurization, water injection and containment venting. The simulation initial condition is 100% rated power/100% rated core flow. This research focuses on the estimation of the time when the fuel might be damaged with no water injection by using TRACE/PARCS first. Then, the effect of the reactor core isolation system (RCIC), control depressurization and ac-independent water addition system (ACIWA), which can provide the injection with 950 gpm are also estimated for the station blackout (SBO) transient.
Crystal structure of small protein crambin at 0.48 Å resolution.

With the development of highly brilliant and extremely intense synchrotron X-ray sources, extreme high-resolution limits for biological samples are now becoming attainable. Here, a study is presented that sets the record in crystallographic resolution for a biological macromolecule. The structure of the small protein crambin was determined to 0.48 Å resolution on the PETRA II ring before its conversion to a dedicated synchrotron-radiation source. The results reveal a wealth of details in electron density and demonstrate the possibilities that are potentially offered by a high-energy source. The question now arises as to what the true limits are in terms of what can be seen at such high resolution. From what can be extrapolated from the results using crystals of crambin, this limit would be at approximately 0.40 Å, which approaches that for smaller compounds.
Examination of Some Aspects of the Stroop Color-Word Test

In the Stroop Test color naming is found to be slower when the colors are those in which non-corresponding color names are written. A similar result was found when the incongruent word-color combinations were presented individually. When presented in lists, the structure of the lists was found to contribute to impairment of color naming.
The Penetration of Financial Instability in Agricultural Credit and Leveraging

This paper describes the aggregate rural capital markets of the EU and the main differences between the markets of its member countries. The results of our study suggest that the agricultural credit markets are still quite segmented and the segments are country- rather than currency- or region-specific. Financial instability in Europe is also penetrating the agricultural sector and the variation of interest rates for agricultural credit is increasing across countries. Perhaps the most dramatic signal of growing financial instability is that the financial leverage (gearing rate) of European farms rose in 2008 by almost 4 percentage points, from 14 to 18%. The 4 percentage-point annual rise was twice the 2 percentage-point rise observed during the economic recession in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The distribution of the financial leverage of agriculture across countries does not, however, reflect the distribution of country-specific risk premiums in the manner that they are observed in government bond yields. Therefore, in those countries that have the weakest financial situation in the public sector and in which the bond markets are encumbered with high country-specific risk premiums, the agricultural sector is not directly exposed to a very large risk of increasing interest rates, since it is not so highly leveraged. For example in Greek and Spanish agriculture, the financial leverage (gearing) rate is only 0.6% and 2.2% respectively, while the highest gearing rates are found elsewhere (in Denmark), reaching 50%.
A 0.18-µm CMOS, 91%-Efficiency, 2-A Scalable Buck-Boost DC–DC Converter for LED Drivers

This paper presents a buck-boost dc-dc converter for LED drivers capable of delivering an output current ranging from 0.1 to 2 A and a variable output voltage ranging between 2 and 5 V, starting from an input voltage spanning from 2.7 to 5.5 V. The dc-dc converter, realized in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology with 5-V option, occupies an area of 4 mm2 including pads. The circuit features automatic mode switching and dynamic sizing of the power transistors to achieve a peak efficiency of 91%. With a switching frequency of 2.5 MHz, the achieved line regulation is lower than 0.1% V-1 and the output voltage ripple is less than 10 mV. The obtained turn-on and load transient settling time are lower than 40 μs, thus allowing pulsed operation of the LEDs, as well as switching among LEDs of different colors.
Cost-Utility of "Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide" versus "Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel" for Treatment of Patients with Breast Cancer in Iran.

PURPOSE A cost-utility analysis was performed to assess the cost-utility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens containing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) versus paclitaxel and gemcitabine (PG) for locally advanced breast cancer patients in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study in Namazi hospital in Shiraz, in the south of Iran covered 64 breast cancer patients. According to the random numbers, the patients were divided into two groups, 32 receiving AC and 32 PG. Costs were identified and measured from a community perspective. These items included medical and non-medical direct and indirect costs. In this study, a data collection form was used. To assess the utility of the two regimens, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) was applied. Using a decision tree, we calculated the expected costs and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) for both methods; also, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was assessed. RESULTS The results of the decision tree showed that in the AC arm, the expected cost was 39,170 US$ and the expected QALY was 3.39 and in the PG arm, the expected cost was 43,336 dollars and the expected QALY was 2.64. Sensitivity analysis showed the cost effectiveness of the AC and ICER=-5535 US$. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results showed that AC to be superior to PG in treatment of patients with breast cancer, being less costly and more effective.