Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic assessment of intraarticular distal radius fractures--results of minimally invasive fixation.

BACKGROUND For many years, wrist arthroscopy has been used to diagnose and treat soft tissue lesions and to restore anatomic articular surface alignment in intraarticular fractures. However, there are no publications providing clear and precise indications for wrist arthroscopy in distal radius fractures. The aim of the study was to analyse factors influencing the outcomes of intraarticular distal radius fracture treatment with K-wire fixation under arthroscopic guidance in AO B1 and C1 type fractures. MATERIAL AND METHOD A group of 26 patients (27 wrists) following an arthroscopic procedure (ARTR group) was the prospective component and 27 patients (27 wrists) following a non-arthroscopic procedure (OP group) constituted the retrospective part of the trial. Both groups consisted only of patients with B1 and C1 type fractures (10 and 17, respectively) according to the AO classification. RESULTS In the ARTR group, there was a marked (statistically significant) difference between radiologically and arthroscopically assessed displacement. This underestimation of displacement was higher in B1 than C1 type fractures (statistically significant difference). Numerous associated injuries were identified, such as carpal bone cartilage injuries (85.19%), TFCC injury (59.26%) and SL ligament injuries (40.74%). Loose bodies were detected in 66.7% of the patients. In B1 type fractures, the most common ligamentous injury was a SL ligament lesion (50%), while in C1 fractures it was a TFCC lesion (70.59%). Comparing both groups (ARTR and OP), better clinical outcomes were observed in the ARTR group (though not statistically significant), with the most marked differences noted with regard to B1 type fractures. CONCLUSIONS In B1 and C1 type intraarticular distal radius fractures, displacement visible during arthroscopy was greater than that seen on primary radiological assessment. In B1 type fractures, the difference between radiological and arthroscopic evaluation of displacement was more marked than in C1 fractures. It means that B1 type fractures can be highly "misleading", because their radiological pattern suggested little displacement, while actual displacement was more pronounced. On the basis of our results, it might be concluded that wrist arthroscopy could become a standard, routine procedure in B1 type fractures. In C1 type fractures, the method of treatment would depend on the surgeon's preferences.
Curvature control of soft orthotics via low cost solid-state optics

A soft orthotic with position control enabled via embedded optical fiber is presented. The design, manufacture, and integration of both the pneumatically powered actuators and optical sensors are described. This orthotic actuator-sensor pair is self-contained and worn on a human finger. When un-powered, the elastomeric actuator allows facile movement and, when pneumatically actuated, the orthotic causes bending of the wearer's finger. Position control is achieved by measurement of signal intensity from a light-emitting diode (LED) input traveling through an embedded optical fiber-greater curvature results in increased light intensity. Both the static and dynamic states are monitored via the optical sensor and the prescribed curvatures are achieved accurately and with stability by a gain-scheduled proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller implemented by applying pulse-width-modulation (PWM) signals to a solenoid valve to adjust the internal pressure of the actuator.
A Stochastic Approximation Method and Its Application to Confidence Intervals

The oldest stochastic approximation method is the Robbins–Monro process. This estimates an unknown scalar parameter by stepping from one trial value for the parameter to another, adopting the last trial value as the estimate. More recent research suggests there are benefits from taking larger steps than with the Robbins–Monro process and then obtaining an estimate by averaging the later trial values. Work on the averaged estimator has made only general assumptions and here we consider a more explicit case that is of practical importance. Stronger asymptotic results are developed and simulations show they hold well for moderately long searches. The results motivate the development of a new method of searching for the endpoints of a confidence interval. This method performs decidedly better than a previously proposed method in terms of both the position of endpoints and the coverage of confidence intervals. The efficiency of the new method is typically well in excess of 90%. Computer code and an appendix containing the derivation of asymptotic efficiencies are available in the online supplements.
On the Cooperative Control of Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

uilding upon rapid advances in robotics, control, communications and computer technology, UAVs will undoubtedly be called upon to play an ever-increasing role in the civilian and military communities. Military strategic planning has already started to incorporate wide-ranging roles for UAVs, such as tactical surveillance, communications relay, target designation, battle damage assessment and covert payload delivery [1]. In the future, teams of autonomous intelligent vehicles with common mission objectives will be integrated into military force structures. The problem of cooperative control of UAVs conc erns the coherent and efficient maneuvering of each member of a group of aerial vehicles (the team) to successfully complete a mission with limited human intervention in a highly unstructured environment [2]. This can be achieved by devising control algorithms, implemented on digital hardware, that allocate tasks to each UAV member of the team, select flight paths and generate the trajectory for each member, and set attitude configurations to aerial vehicles at timely instants, at precise positions or during specific maneuvers such as evasion, combat, reconnaissance, take-off, landing, rendezvous and so on. The control objectives can be characterized as the optimization of a set of designer-specified global functions. A central motivation for the development of cooperative control schemes is that enabling UAV teaming should result in a more effective operational capability than that available through independent control of the UAVs. This idea, along with the need to leave it to a group of machines to effectively perform the dull, dangerous and dirty missions, are in fact the main drivers for the research in cooperative control today [3].
Light-emitting diodes: The unknown entities

Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) constitute a low-cost choice for optical transmitters in medium-bit-rate. What differentiates such applications from, e.g., backhaul optical networks, is that for low-cost applications, the LED used is generally not as well characterised by the manufacturer as, are for example, optical fibre amplifiers. While for simple modulation formats like on-off keying (OOK) this lack of knowledge is not always an impediment, in any other situation one faces the often puzzling behaviour of commercial LEDs. In this tutorial the main electro-optical characteristics of LEDs are introduced and the models available in the literature are shown to be inadequate when designing optical links based on advanced modulation techniques or even OOK at very high data rates. As a way out of this grid lock a reverse-engineering approach is presented, enabling the introduction of a realistic model for commercially available LEDs.
Entity Retrieval over Structured Data

Entity retrieval is the problem of finding information about a given real-world entity (e.g., director Peter Jackson) from one or a set of data sources. This problem is fundamental in numerous data management settings, but has received little attention. We define the general entity retrieval problem, then discuss the limitations of current information systems (e.g., relational databases, search engines) in solving it. Next, we focus on the specific problem of entity retrieval over structured data (as opposed to text or Web pages). We show that it is inherently more general and difficult than the actively-studied problem of entity matching (i.e., record linkage). We then develop the ENRICH system, which significantly extends entity matching solutions to perform entity retrieval. In particular, ENRICH employs clustering techniques to obtain a global picture on how many entities are “out there” and which data fragment should best be assigned to which entity. It also constructs profiles that capture important characteristics of the target entity, then uses the profiles to help the assignment process. Finally, it leverages “query expansion”, an idea commonly used in the information retrieval community, to further improve retrieval accuracy. We apply ENRICH to several real-world domains, and show that it can perform entity retrieval with high accuracy.
An Fuzzy Model of Emotion for Virtual Human in E-learning Software

Emotional virtual humans are essential to e-learning software, they can act NPC characters to guide a user, and they can enhance the interests of human-computer interface. How to model emotion is an interesting topic in the field of e-learning software. Based on psychology theory, architecture of an emotional virtual human is presented, it integrates perception, action, emotion, behavior and other mental variables together, human's mental variables (motivation, personality, norm) are expressed in fuzzy sets, the model can support a quantitative method to control a virtual humanpsilas emotion.
Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of Some Quinazolin-4-(3H)-one Derivatives

A number of 3-substituted-2-(substituted-phenoxymethyl) quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives have been synthesized. Their structures have been elucidated on the basis of elemental analyses and spectroscopic studies (IR, 1H-NMR, MS). A preliminary evaluation of the anticonvulsant properties of the prepared compounds has indicated that some of them exhibit moderate to significant activity, compared to a diazepam standard.
Time-Memory Trade-Off for Lattice Enumeration in a Ball

Enumeration algorithms in lattices are a well-known technique for solving the Short Vector Problem (SVP) and improving blockwise lattice reduction algorithms. Here, we propose a new algorithm for enumerating lattice point in a ball of radius 1. 156λ1(Λ) in time 3n+o(n), where λ1(Λ) is the length of the shortest vector in the lattice Λ. Then, we show how this method can be used for solving SVP and the Closest Vector Problem (CVP) with approximation factor γ = 1.993 in a n-dimensional lattice in time 3n+o(n). Previous algorithms for enumerating take super-exponential running time with polynomial memory. For instance, Kannan algorithm takes time nn/(2e)+o(n), however ours also requires exponential memory and we propose different time/memory tradeoffs. Recently, Aggarwal, Dadush, Regev and Stephens-Davidowitz describe a randomized algorithm with running time 2n+o(n) at STOC’ 15 for solving SVP and approximation version of SVP and CVP at FOCS’15. However, it is not possible to use a time/memory tradeoff for their algorithms. Their main result presents an algorithm that samples an exponential number of random vectors in a Discrete Gaussian distribution with width below the smoothing parameter of the lattice. Our algorithm is related to the hill climbing of Liu, Lyubashevsky and Micciancio from RANDOM’ 06 to solve the bounding decoding problem with preprocessing. It has been later improved by Dadush, Regev, Stephens-Davidowitz for solving the CVP with preprocessing problem at CCC’14. However the latter algorithm only looks for one lattice vector while we show that we can enumerate all lattice vectors in a ball. Finally, in these papers, they use a preprocessing to obtain a succinct representation of some lattice function. We show in a first step that we can obtain the same information using an exponential-time algorithm based on a collision search algorithm similar to the reduction of Micciancio and Peikert for the SIS problem with small modulus at CRYPTO’ 13.
REVEILLE8 and PSEUDO-REPONSE REGULATOR5 Form a Negative Feedback Loop within the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock

Circadian rhythms provide organisms with an adaptive advantage, allowing them to regulate physiological and developmental events so that they occur at the most appropriate time of day. In plants, as in other eukaryotes, multiple transcriptional feedback loops are central to clock function. In one such feedback loop, the Myb-like transcription factors CCA1 and LHY directly repress expression of the pseudoresponse regulator TOC1 by binding to an evening element (EE) in the TOC1 promoter. Another key regulatory circuit involves CCA1 and LHY and the TOC1 homologs PRR5, PRR7, and PRR9. Purification of EE–binding proteins from plant extracts followed by mass spectrometry led to the identification of RVE8, a homolog of CCA1 and LHY. Similar to these well-known clock genes, expression of RVE8 is circadian-regulated with a dawn phase of expression, and RVE8 binds specifically to the EE. However, whereas cca1 and lhy mutants have short period phenotypes and overexpression of either gene causes arrhythmia, rve8 mutants have long-period and RVE8-OX plants have short-period phenotypes. Light input to the clock is normal in rve8, but temperature compensation (a hallmark of circadian rhythms) is perturbed. RVE8 binds to the promoters of both TOC1 and PRR5 in the subjective afternoon, but surprisingly only PRR5 expression is perturbed by overexpression of RVE8. Together, our data indicate that RVE8 promotes expression of a subset of EE–containing clock genes towards the end of the subjective day and forms a negative feedback loop with PRR5. Thus RVE8 and its homologs CCA1 and LHY function close to the circadian oscillator but act via distinct molecular mechanisms.
MicroRNA-23a downregulates the expression of interferon regulatory factor-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) is a tumor-suppressor gene induced by interferon-γ (IFNγ) and plays an important role in the cell death of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC tumors evade death in part by downregulating IRF-1 expression, yet the molecular mechanisms accounting for IRF-1 suppression in HCC have not yet been characterized. Previous studies have shown that microRNA-23a (miR-23a) can suppress apoptosis by targeting IRF-1. Therefore, we hypothesized that miR-23a promotes HCC growth by down-regulating IRF-1. For the in vivo studies, 7 cases of resected HCC and adjacent liver samples were analyzed. For the in vitro studies, IRF-1 mRNA and protein were examined in HepG2 and Huh-7 HCC cells after IFNγ stimulation by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. To determine the role of miR-23a in regulating IRF-1, HepG2 cells were transfected with an miR-23a mimic or inhibitor, and IRF-1 expression was examined. Binding of miR-23a was assessed by cloning the 528-bp human IRF-1 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) into luciferase reporter plasmid pMIR-IRF-1-3′UTR. The results showed that IRF-1 mRNA expression was down-regulated in the human HCC tumor tissues compared to that in the adjacent background liver tissues. IFNγ-induced IRF-1 protein was less in the HepG2 tumor cells compared to that in the primary human hepatocytes. miR-23a expression was inversely correlated with IRF-1, and addition of the miR-23a inhibitor increased basal IRF-1 mRNA and protein. Likewise, the miR-23a mimic downregulated IFNγ-induced IRF-1 protein expression, while the miR-23a inhibitor increased IRF-1. Furthermore, the miR-23a mimic repressed IRF-1-3′UTR reporter activity, while the miR-23a inhibitor increased the reporter activity. These results demonstrated that IRF-1 expression is downregulated in human HCC tumors compared to that noted in the background liver. miR-23a downregulates the expression of IRF-1 in HCC cells, and the IRF-1 3′UTR has an miR-23a binding site that binds miR-23a and decreases reporter activity. These findings suggest that the targeting of IRF-1 by miR-23a may be the molecular basis for IRF-1 downregulation in HCC and provide new insight into the regulation of HCC by miRNAs.
Changes in respiration during emotional stress

In this work, we analyze changes in respiration during emotional stress induced by a modification of the Trier Social Stress Test. The following stages in the test were analyzed: the pre-relaxing stage, the story telling stage, the anticipation of stress and the video exposition stage. Respiration signal is recorded during the whole test using a thoracic band. Power spectral density (PSD) of respiration is computed in running windows using a modification of Welch periodogram in which sufficiently peaked spectra are averaged. Then, respiratory frequency (FR) is estimated from the “peaked-conditioned” averaged spectra. Results show that respiratory rate is significantly (p <; 0.05 according to the Friedman test) higher, while a measure of spectral peakness and the percentage of PSD used to compute (FR) is lower during stress stages than during relax. These results suggest that the respiration-related parameters have potential discrimination power for stress level assessment.
FINITE TIME STABILITY ANALYSIS OF LINEAR AUTONOMOUS FRACTIONAL ORDER SYSTEMS WITH DELAYED STATE

For the first time, in this paper, a stability test procedure is proposed for linear time‐invariant fractional order systems (LTI FOS). Paper extends some basic results from the area of finite time and practical stability to linear, continuous, fractional order time invariant time‐delay systems given in state space form. Sufficient conditions of this kind of stability, for particular class of fractional time‐delay systems is derived.
Modeling the Removal of Uranium U(VI)

The reduction kinetics of soluble hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) to insoluble tetravalent U(IV) by both a mixed culture of wild-type sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and a pure culture of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (ATCC 7757) were studied at variable cell concentrations. The SRB were grown in chemostats, and the uranium reduction kinetics were evaluated from batch experiments at 21 °C. The initial U(VI) concentration was 1 mM, while the initial cell concentration varied from 0.18 to 1.27 mg dry wt/mL. A modified nongrowth Monod model best fit the data across all cell concentrations. For the mixed culture, average values for the maximum specific reaction rate, kU, and for the half saturation constant, KU, are 0.023 mM U(VI)/min‚mg cells and 0.25 mM U(VI); for D. desulfuricans, kU is 0.030 mM U(VI)/ min‚mg SRB and KU is 0.50 mM U(VI). A lag-time before enzymatic U(VI) reduction occurred was present for systems tested and was inversely correlated to cell concentration. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the cell/ precipitate suspension after U(VI) reduction indicated an extracellular amorphous mass of electron dense material. Examination of the cell/precipitate suspension with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) indicated the presence of U(IV). The determined rate constants can be used to design an SRB dominated bioreactor for U removal from aqueous solutions.
Investigating mobile applications' requirements evolution through sentiment analysis of users' reviews

The mobile applications industry is booming and growing rapidly. Mobile software companies and applications' stores are in a continuous need for developing new applications that meet and satisfy the users' requirements. Users' reviews posted in mobile applications' stores after installing the applications by the users can give useful information for developers; they contain good, bad, or recommended features. So the analysis of these reviews is important for the requirements engineering processes in the mobile applications industry. The use of users' feedback in finding software requirements is new in this research field. This paper is a review one, focuses on mobile applications users' reviews sentiment analysis (SA) in order to extract user requirements for building new applications or enhancing existing ones; i.e. requirements evolution. Users' reviews usually contain not only applications' features, but also users' feelings or “sentiments” about these features. We conducted an investigation of approaches used in the literature, during the period from 2009 to 2015 to answer three main research questions. Results show the significance of using SA for analyzing users' reviews and reports automated methods and tools for analyzing the reviews to features and their corresponding sentiments.
On Emptiness and Counting for Alternating Finite Automata

This invention relates to an improvement in a transverse, force-connected body with variable profiling, particularly an airplane wing, containing flexible upper, lower, and nose skin parts and supporting elements hingedly engaging thereat in conjunction with a control gear, the improvement comprising clamps securing the upper and lower flexible skin parts at a rigid part of the wing, rigid carriers in the upper and lower areas of the wing, and shaped profile elements on the upper and lower carriers, the shaped profile elements having outwardly-pointing shaped profile surfaces for the selective support of the flexible skin parts.
A low-power 60-GHz CMOS transceiver for WiGig applications

A direct-conversion transceiver including base-band amplifiers and filters employs a 60-GHz quadrature VCO and a feedforward divider with no buffers to achieve a low power consumption. Designed in 40-nm LP CMOS, the radio presents a noise figure of 4.8 to 8.2 dB in the receive mode and an output power of +10 dBm in the transmit mode while drawing 56 mW and 124 mW, respectively.
Stacking in RNA: NMR of Four Tetramers Benchmark Molecular Dynamics

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for RNA tetramers r(AAAA), r(CAAU), r(GACC), and r(UUUU) are benchmarked against 1H–1H NOESY distances and 3J scalar couplings to test effects of RNA torsion parametrizations. Four different starting structures were used for r(AAAA), r(CAAU), and r(GACC), while five starting structures were used for r(UUUU). On the basis of X-ray structures, criteria are reported for quantifying stacking. The force fields, AMBER ff99, parmbsc0, parm99χ_Yil, ff10, and parmTor, all predict experimentally unobserved stacks and intercalations, e.g., base 1 stacked between bases 3 and 4, and incorrect χ, ϵ, and sugar pucker populations. The intercalated structures are particularly stable, often lasting several microseconds. Parmbsc0, parm99χ_Yil, and ff10 give similar agreement with NMR, but the best agreement is only 46%. Experimentally unobserved intercalations typically are associated with reduced solvent accessible surface area along with amino and hydroxyl hydrogen bonds to phosphate nonbridging oxygens. Results from an extensive set of MD simulations suggest that recent force field parametrizations improve predictions, but further improvements are necessary to provide reasonable agreement with NMR. In particular, intramolecular stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions may not be well balanced with the TIP3P water model. NMR data and the scoring method presented here provide rigorous benchmarks for future changes in force fields and MD methods.
A pyramid-based approach to interactive terrain visualization

This paper describes a multiresolution approach to the visualization of surface data. The algorithms discussed allow the generation of arbitrary views of 3-dimensional surfaces. Image processing and texture mapping techniques are combined in a new 3-pass scanline algorithm to achieve smooth and continuous translations, rotations, and scale changes of large data sets. The implementation of the algorithms on a massively parallel SIMD video supercomputer, the Princeton Engine, allows the scenes to be generated interactively at video rates.