Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular abnormalities in transgenic mice with reduced brown fat: an animal model of human obesity.

BACKGROUND A new model of murine obesity has recently been developed through transgenic ablation of brown adipose tissue that manifests typical metabolic complications of obesity, including insulin resistance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The cardiovascular phenotype has not been defined. METHODS AND RESULTS Transthoracic echocardiography, aortic catheterization, isolated whole-heart studies, and morphometric histology defined cardiac structure and function in 30 transgenic mice with reduced brown fat and 30 matched wild-type controls. Obesity was indicated by a 77% increase in body weight and was accompanied by elevated systemic pressures (mean aortic blood pressure 85+/-1 versus 66+/-2 mm Hg; P<0.01), left ventricular dilation and hypertrophy (mass/body weight 4.0+/-0.2 versus 2.7+/-0.3 mg/g; P<0.01), and high cardiac output (cardiac index 3.2+/-0.4 versus 2.4+/-0.1 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1); P<0.01). Baseline functional parameters assessed in vitro were not different, but after imposition of zero-flow ischemia, significant relaxation impairment developed in obese mice. Although morphometrically determined myocyte diameters were similar, the percentage of interstitial fibrosis was significantly increased in transgenic mice compared with wild-type controls (7.5+/-2% versus 4. 2+/-0.2%; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Transgenic ablation of brown adipose tissue is associated not only with obesity but also with systemic hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy with eccentric remodeling and fibrosis, and high cardiac output, a unique constellation of findings strikingly similar to that seen in human obesity. Mice with reduced brown fat may serve as a new model for the cardiovascular morbid complications associated with obesity in humans.
Tertiary Origin and Pleistocene Diversification of Dragon Blood Tree (Dracaena cambodiana-Asparagaceae) Populations in the Asian Tropical Forests

Background The origin of extraordinarily rich biodiversity in tropical forests is often attributed to evolution under stable climatic conditions over a long period or to climatic fluctuations during the recent Quaternary period. Here, we test these two hypotheses using Dracaena cambodiana, a plant species distributed in paleotropical forests. Methods We analyzed nucleotide sequence data of two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA: atpB-rbcL and trnD-trnT) regions and genotype data of six nuclear microsatellites from 15 populations (140 and 363 individuals, respectively) distributed in Indochina Peninsular and Hainan Island to infer the patterns of genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure. The population bottleneck and genetic drift were estimated based upon nuclear microsatellites data using the software programs BOTTLENECK and 2MOD. The lineage divergence times and past population dynamics based on cpDNA data were estimated using coalescent-based isolation-with-migration (IMa) and BEAST software programs. Results A significant phylogeographic structure (N ST = 0.876, G ST = 0.796, F ST-SSR = 0.329, R ST = 0.449; N ST>G ST, R ST>F ST-SSR, P<0.05) and genetic differentiation among populations were detected. Bottleneck analyses and Bayesian skyline plot suggested recent population reduction. The cpDNA haplotype network revealed the ancestral populations from the southern Indochina region expanded to northward. The most recent ancestor divergence time of D. cambodiana dated back to the Tertiary era and rapid diversification of terminal lineages corresponded to the Quaternary period. Conclusions The results indicated that the present distribution of genetic diversity in D. cambodiana was an outcome of Tertiary dispersal and rapid divergence during the Quaternary period under limited gene flow influenced by the uplift of Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau and Quaternary climatic fluctuations respectively. Evolutionary processes, such as extinction-recolonization during the Pleistocene may have contributed to the fast diversification in D. cambodiana.
Safety Stock Placement in Non-cooperative Supply Chains

We present a new algorithm to find optimal routes in a multi-modal public transportation network. This work is an extension of recent work on finding multi-criteria optimal paths in multi-modal public transportation networks [8] using the ideas of TRANSIT algorithm [4]. As a preprocessing step, we identify hub stations, a relatively small subset of all stations and then precompute optimal paths only between those hubs. Given a query between any two locations we show how to extract the optimal path in an efficient way using those hubs. In addition we present an improvement of our algorithm using service patterns. This allows us to significantly reduce both memory requirements and preprocessing time of previously reported algorithm by order of magnitude. Finally, we present results of our experiments on the Sydney metropolitan and the New South Wales state public transport networks.
Secure Deduplication Techniques: A Study

Currently usage of cloud storage is increasing and to overcome increasing data issue, Data deduplication techniques are used. Moreover the Cloud storage service is provided by third party cloud providers thus security of data is needed. Data Deduplication techniques cannot be applied directly with security mechanisms. Thus here in this paper we would be discussing data deduplication techniques along with securing techniques thus forming secure deduplication.
Software architecture based on multiprocessor platform to apply complex intrusion detection techniques

The importance of security issues in network environments has increased greatly lately. Intrusion detection systems play an important role in network security environments. Nevertheless, nowadays, data network speed is so high that performing intrusion detection tasks becomes challenging. This paper presents a software architecture that intends to exploit the parallelism available on up-to-date and future workstations to apply intrusion detection rules in high speed networks. To achieve this, a shared memory multiprocessor system has been developed. The system includes a powerful rule language that adds big flexibility to the system.
Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancers from Myanmar Women: A Study of 91 Cases at Two Pathology Centers

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Myanmar women. Revealing the hormonal receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and Ki-67 expression is useful for estimating patient prognosis as well as determination of treatment strategy. However, immunohistochemical features and classification of molecular subtypes in breast cancers from Myanmar remain unknown. Methods: The clinicopathological features of 91 breast cancers from Myanmar women were examined. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue specimens with antibodies to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), HER2, Ki-67, cytokeratin (CK)5/6 and CK14. Immunohistochemistry-based molecular subtyping was conducted. Results: Breast cancers in Myanmar women were relatively large, high grade with frequent metastatic lymph nodes. Of the 91 patients, tumors with ER positive, PgR positive, and HER2 positive were 57.1%, 37.4%, and 28.6%, respectively. The most prevalent subtype was luminal B (HER2-) (39.6%), followed by HER2 (22.0%), triple negative (TN)-basal-like (12.1%), luminal A (11.0%), TN-null (8.8%) and luminal B (HER2+) (6.6%). The mean Ki-67 expression of 91 cases was 33.9% (33.9% ± 19.2%) and the median was 28% (range; 4%-90%). The mean Ki-67 expression of luminal A, luminal B, HER2 and TN-basal-like/null was 7%, 30%, 40%, and 57%/43%, respectively. A higher Ki-67 expression significantly correlated with a higher grade, larger size and higher stage of malignancy. Conclusions: We, for the first time, investigated the histopathological features of breast cancers from Myanmar women. Myanmar breast cancers appeared to be aggressive in nature, as evidenced by high frequency of poor-prognosis subtypes with high level of Ki-67 expression.
MICRODISCHARGE-BASED PRESSURE SENSORS FOR OPERATION AT 1000˚C

* 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Tel: (734) 763-6132, E-mail: scottwri@umich.edu ABSTRACT This paper reports microdischarge-based pressure sensors which operate by measuring the change in spatial current distribution of pulsed DC microdischarges. The sensors are composed of 3D arrays of horizontal bulk metal electrodes embedded in quartz substrates. Microdischarge-based pressure sensors are well-suited for high temperature operation because of the inherently high temperatures of the charged species that are generated. In this effort, temperatures of up to 1000 ̊C are tested. The pressure sensors have a measurable pressure range of 10-760 Torr and require an active area of only 0.8 mm. The sensor structures are designed to allow for unequal expansion of electrodes and substrate, during high temperature operation. The sensors demonstrate a maximum sensitivity of 5,000 ppm/Torr and temperature coefficients of sensitivity as low as 44 ppm/K.
A Query based Text Categorization using K-Nearest Neighbor Approach

World Wide Web is the store house of abundant information available in various electronic forms. In the past two decades, the increase in the performance of computers in handling large quantity of text data led researchers to focus on reliable and optimal retrieval of information already exist in the huge resources. Though the existing search engines, answering machines has succeeded in retrieving the data relative to the user query, the relevancy of the text data is not appreciable of the huge set. It is hence binding the range of resultant text data for a given user query with appreciable ranking to each document stand as a major challenge. In this paper, we propose a Query based k-Nearest Neighbor method to access relevant documents for a given query finding the most appropriate boundary to related documents available on web and rank the document on the basis of query rather than customary Content based classification. The experimental results will elucidate the categorization with reference to closeness of the given query to the document. General Terms Text Categorization Techniques, KNN Approach
Sustained CD8+ T Cell Memory Inflation after Infection with a Single-Cycle Cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a β-herpesvirus that establishes a lifelong latent or persistent infection. A hallmark of chronic CMV infection is the lifelong persistence of large numbers of virus-specific CD8+ effector/effector memory T cells, a phenomenon called “memory inflation”. How the virus continuously stimulates these T cells without being eradicated remains an enigma. The prevailing view is that CMV establishes a low grade “smoldering” infection characterized by tiny bursts of productive infection which are rapidly extinguished, leaving no detectable virus but replenishing the latent pool and leaving the immune system in a highly charged state. However, since abortive reactivation with limited viral gene expression is known to occur commonly, we investigated the necessity for virus reproduction in maintaining the inflationary T cell pool. We inhibited viral replication or spread in vivo using two different mutants of murine CMV (MCMV). First, famcyclovir blocked the replication of MCMV encoding the HSV Thymidine Kinase gene, but had no impact on the CD8+ T cell memory inflation once the infection was established. Second, MCMV that lacks the essential glycoprotein L, and thus is completely unable to spread from cell to cell, also drove memory inflation if the virus was administered systemically. Our data suggest that CMV which cannot spread from the cells it initially infects can repeatedly generate viral antigens to drive memory inflation without suffering eradication of the latent genome pool.
YoMoApp: A tool for analyzing QoE of YouTube HTTP adaptive streaming in mobile networks

The performance of YouTube in mobile networks is crucial to network operators, who try to find a trade-off between cost-efficient handling of the huge traffic amounts and high perceived end-user Quality of Experience (QoE). This paper introduces YoMoApp (YouTube Performance Monitoring Application), an Android application, which passively monitors key performance indicators (KPIs) of YouTube adaptive video streaming on end-user smartphones. The monitored KPIs (i.e., player state/events, buffer, and video quality level) can be used to analyze the QoE of mobile YouTube video sessions. YoMoApp is a valuable tool to assess the performance of mobile networks with respect to YouTube traffic, as well as to develop optimizations and QoE models for mobile HTTP adaptive streaming. We test YoMoApp through real subjective QoE tests showing that the tool is accurate to capture the experience of end-users watching YouTube on smartphones.
Is OPEC a Cartel? Evidence from Cointegration and Causality Tests

Were the energy shocks of the 1970s engineered by an effective cartel acting to share the market by controlling output and influencing oil prices? If OPEC was an effective cartel sharing the market among its members, there would be a long run relationship between each member's production and total OPEC output. One would also expect OPECs production to significantly affect the price of oil. These implications of cartel behavior are tested via cointegration and causality tests. The likely effects of regime changes are dealt with using techniques developed by Perron (1989). There is evidence of output coordination among members of the organization, especially in the output rationing era (1982-1993). This is also the only period in which the causality from OPEC production to the price of oil is statistically significant.
Comparison of Two Reduced-Dose Regimens of Indinavir (600 Mg Vs 400 Mg Twice Daily) and Ritonavir (100 Mg Twice Daily) in Healthy Volunteers (Coredir)

Objective To assess the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of reduced dosages of twice daily indinavir (IDV) boosted by low-dose ritonavir (RTV) in healthy volunteers. Methods Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of IDV/RTV twice daily (600/100 mg and 400/100 mg) were assessed in a randomized crossover design in 16 healthy volunteers. Each dosage was taken twice daily for 2 weeks before 12 h pharmacokinetics were obtained. Results Sixteen subjects were included, with a mean age ±SD of 30 ±4 years; seven female, nine male. Fifteen subjects completed the study. After dose reduction of IDV AUC, Cmax and Cmin decreased significantly. In the 400 mg group three out of 15 subjects had IDV levels below 0.10 mg/l vs none in the 600 mg group. All subjects reported mild to moderate side effects throughout the study period, which were more severe in the 600 mg group (mostly renal, dry skin/lips, paresthesias/oral discomfort). In the 600 mg group four subjects reported dysuria and one subject discontinued because of flank pain, whereas two subjects reported dysuria and no subject discontinued in the 400 mg group, respectively. Eight subjects developed crystalluria without a significant difference between both groups. No significant change in serum creatinine was observed. Conclusions IDV/RTV 400/100 mg twice daily resulted in significant lower IDV exposure, with three out of 15 subjects revealing Cmin values below the recommended threshold for wild-type virus of 0.10 mg/l. Tolerability, however, was lower in the 600 mg IDV group. Therapeutic drug monitoring in the individual patient appears to be necessary to guarantee appropriate drug levels and simultaneously minimize toxicity. Presented in part at the 6th International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection. Glasgow, Scotland, UK, November 2002. Abstract P182.
8F-1 Integrated All-Optical Ultrasound Transducers

A broadband all-optical ultrasound transducer has been designed, constructed and tested for high-frequency ultrasound imaging. It consists of a 3 mum PDMS layer sandwiched between a two-dimensional gold nanostructure and a 30 nm gold layer. A laser pulse at the resonance wavelength of the gold nanostructure is focused onto the surface for ultrasound generation, and a CW laser at a wavelength far from resonance is used as the probing beam. The signal to noise ratio of a pulse-echo signal from a 70 mum diameter transmit element combined with a 20 mum diameter receive element probing a near perfect reflector positioned 1.5 mm from the transducer surface is over 10 dB, and has the potential to be improved by at least another 40 dB, while the center frequency is 40 MHz with -6 dB bandwidth of 57 MHz. A high-frequency ultrasound array has been emulated using multiple measurements from the transducer while mechanically scanning an imaging target. Characterizations of the device's optical and acoustical properties, as well as preliminary imaging results, strongly suggest that all-optical ultrasound transducers can be used to build high-frequency arrays for real-time high-resolution ultrasound imaging.
Any Discrimination Rule Can Have an Arbitrarily Bad Probability of Error for Finite Sample Size

Consider the basic discrimination problem based on a sample of size n drawn from the distribution of (X, Y) on the Borel sets of Rdx {0, 1}. If 0 < R*. < ¿ is a given number, and ¿n ¿ 0 is an arbitrary positive sequence, then for any discrimination rule one can find a distribution for (X, Y), not depending upon n, with Bayes probability of error R* such that the probability of error (Rn) of the discrimination rule is larger than R* + ¿n for infinitely many n. We give a formal proof of this result, which is a generalization of a result by Cover [1]. Furthermore, sup all distributions of (X, Y) with R* = 0 Rn > ¿. Thus, any attempt to find a nontrivial distribution-free upper bound for Rn will fail, and any results on the rate of convergence of Rn to R* must use assumptions about the distribution of (X, Y).
CompoPHC: An ontology-based component for primary health care

Nowadays there is a real need for knowledge management in healthcare field due the explosion of information. Primary Health care is a rich domain in semantic relationships between entities and it often needs expressivity in modelling knowledge. The Brazilian Primary Health care has raised the number of professionals over the last decade, and there is a vast knowledge spread that needs to be recovered. It is difficult to keep specialized professionals in faraway areas. Most of the professionals working on these places are novice and face the need to constantly update their professional knowledge base that enables them to face the diversity and “adversity” of the health process in the daily routine. But there is not explicitly organized and documents. Ontologies nowadays play a central role knowledge representation, especially in biomedical field. Ontology is an abstraction of the reality providing relations and constraints, and can be understood by humans and processed by computers; Even so the use of ontologies in medical field is not new and is rising, the primary health care has few related works applying approach. This paper proposes a web component that enables the access of specialized knowledge applied to primary health care and creates a semantic layer that enhances the user queries with an ontology representing part of the Brazilian knowledge in Primary Health Care.
PathJam: a new service for integrating biological pathway information

Summary Biological pathways are crucial to much of the scientific research today including the study of specific biological processes related with human diseases. PathJam is a new comprehensive and freely accessible web-server application integrating scattered human pathway annotation from several public sources. The tool has been designed for both (i) being intuitive for wet-lab users providing statistical enrichment analysis of pathway annotations and (ii) giving support to the development of new integrative pathway applications. PathJam’s unique features and advantages include interactive graphs linking pathways and genes of interest, downloadable results in fully compatible formats, GSEA compatible output files and a standardized RESTful API.
Rolling Temperature on the SHS Reaction of Rolled Al/Ni Reactive Multilayer Foils

In this article, the Al/Ni reactive multilayer foils that can be used for joining materials in an efficient and energy-saving way were prepared by a hot rolling method, during which the Al/Ni multilayer foils were kept in furnace at a certain temperature for a period before the multilayer foils were rolled for each pass. After the cold rolling and hot rolling procedure at the temperature of 200 oC and 300 oC, no reaction between Al and Ni could be detected. The effect of rolling temperature on the self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction of the Al/Ni multilayer foils was investigated. As the rolling temperature rose to 300 oC, the SHS reaction of the Al/Ni multilayer was hard to be ignited and was even quenched before the SHS reaction completed. The XRD patterns and SEM images results demonstrated that the higher temperature increased the deformation of the samples during the rolling passes so the Ni particles increased, and thereby led to the decrease of the mix homogeneity of Al and Ni foils.
Robust Speech Recognition in a Car Using a Microphone Array

Performance of automatic speech recognition relies on a vast amount of training speech data mostly recorded with little or no background noise. The performance degrades significantly with background noise, which increases type mismatch between train and test environments. Speech enhancement techniques can reduce the amount of type mismatch. At very low SNR with nonstationary noise, the enhanced speech may still contain significant noise either in noise-only segments or speech segments. The former masquerade as nonexistent speech and the latter as distorted speech. Both significantly degrade the performance of the automatic speech recognizer. This encourages the use of voice activity detection (VAD) algorithms to determine regions with speech present. To use only the reliable speech features, we need to further determine whether the features from the speech region are mainly from speech or from nonstationary noises masking the speech. For more robust speech recognition, this thesis proposes a three-hypothesis VAD consisting of H0: noise-only region; HS: speech-dominant speech region; and HN: noise-dominant speech region. Spectrum-based VAD uses knowledge of the noise spectrum to detect voice activity using the nonstationary nature of speech. This thesis proposes a method of estimating the instantaneous noise spectrum for VAD. The spectrum-based VAD, however, cannot distinguish speech from nonstationary noise because both appear nonstationary to the VAD, and thus look like speech. A microphone array can determine the noise-corrupted speech region when the nonstationary noise is from a location other than that of the speech source. This thesis proposes a method of distinguishing HS from H N based on the steered response power (SRP) method, which estimates power from any location. Phonemic restoration is a phenomenon in which humans claim to hear missing phonemes that have been replaced by noise. Given strong nonstationary noises occasionally masking the speech region, as well as knowledge of H S and HN, this thesis proposes a phoneme restoration approach for automatic speech recognition in the hidden Markov model framework. The proposed approach has two steps: speech enhancement as a preprocessor of noisy speech signals, followed by the phoneme restoration for robust speech recognition against nonstationary noises given knowledge of H S and HN.