Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Finance in Emerging Market Economies

Part I: The Importance of Finance in Emerging Market Economies 1. Finance and Development 2. Information and Finance Part II: Domestic Finance and Policies in Emerging Markets 3. Institutions and Financial Systems 4. Fiscal Policy and Sovereign Debt 5. Asset Bubbles and Banking Crises Part III: International Finance in Emerging Markets 6. Financial Liberalization and Capital Flows 7. Monetary Policy and Exchange Rate Management 8. International Financial Crises: Currency and twin crises Part IV: Describing Financial Systems in Emerging Regions of the World 9. Financial Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa 10. Financial Systems in the Middle East and North Africa 11. Financial Systems in Asia 12. Financial Systems in Latin America Part V: Conclusions 13. Ten Takeaways for Understanding Finance in Emerging Market Economies
The Kronecker space-time MIMO network code

We build upon [1] for the case of error-prone wireless access networks and transmission over finite fields. Our focus is the derivation of the network code naturally provided by the wireless topology when using packet-level channel coding. The topology is assumed to be an LxL Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and transmission units are q-ary row vectors. Our results include the following. First, our model algebraically decouples the effect of the network topology (occurring on the encoding spatial domain) from the effect of the packet-level channel coding (occurring on the time encoding domain). Second, the model algebraically matches space and time encoding domains with the network code coefficients provided by the physical layer, which are formalized as a natural space-time erasure channel. Third, the model yields an algebraic interpretation of network coding for unicast and multicast as weighted projections onto lower-dimensional subspaces. Finally, we analytically derive the space-time q-ary repetition code that the MIMO topology and the channel coding introduce. The Kronecker product is shown to be the natural way to express the encoding functions.
Intracellular ribonucleotide pools as a tool for monitoring the physiological state of in vitro cultivated mammalian cells during production processes

Intracellular analysis has been shown to be useful as a tool for control production processes based on in vitro cultivated hybridoma and recombinant animal cells. Nucleotides were found to present the best target as they reflect the exact physiological state of a culture. Following the progress of batch, perfused, and chemostat cultures cell specific regularities were found in various biochemical correlations which allowed the generation of three characteristic parameters based on the interaction of particular nucleotides: the nucleotide triphosphate (NTP) ratio ([ATP + GTP]/[UTP + CTP]), the uridine (U) ratio (UTP/UDP–GNAc), and the combined ratio NTP/U ([UDP–GNAc (ATP + GTP)/ UTP (UTP + CTP)]). These allowed a direct description of the growth cycle by means of specific values or behavior for every phase of the culture. In particular, the critical phase of entrance into the phase of reduced growth was predicted up to 24 h earlier than was possible with the classical method of microscopic cell control. A specific function for the application of in vitro cultivated processes is proposed with an NTP‐to‐U plot which combines the results obtained by the cell analysis and which offers a tool for the control and regulaiton of cell growth–derived procedures. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mitigation Techniques for Single-Event-Induced Charge Sharing in a 90-nm Bulk CMOS Process

In this paper, mitigation techniques to reduce the increased SEU cross section associated with charge sharing in a 90-nm dual-interlocked-cell latch are proposed. The increased error cross section is caused by heavy-ion angular strikes depending on the direction of the ion strike, thereby exacerbating charge sharing among multiple circuit nodes. The use of nodal spacing as a mitigation technique shows an order of magnitude decrease on upset cross section as compared to a conventional layout, and the use of guard-rings show no noticeable effect on upset cross section.
[Correlation of medial compartmental joint line elevation with femorotibial angle correction and clinical function after unicompartmental arthroplasty].

OBJECTIVE To study the correlation of postoperative femorotibial angle with medial compartmental joint line elevation after unicompartmental arthroplasty(UKA), as well as the correlation of joint line elevation with the clinical function by measuring radiological joint line. METHODS A retrospective study of 56 patients from July 2012 to August 2015 was performed. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.5 (ranged, 18.3 to 30.1). The standing anteroposterior radiographs of these patients were assessed both pre-and post-operatively, and the knee function was evaluated according to HSS grading. The correlation between postoperative femorotibial angle(FTA) and joint line elevation was analyzed as well as the correlation between joint line elevation and the clinical function. RESULTS The mean medial joint line elevation was (2.2±2.0) mm(ranged, -3.3 to 7.0 mm), and the mean FTA correction was (2.3±3.0)°(ranged, -4.5° to 9.6°). The mean follow-up period was 12.2 months. There was a significant correlation between in joint line elevation and FTA correction(P<0.05), while there was no significant correlation between joint line elevation and the clinical function(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS There was a significant correlation between medial compartmental joint line elevation and FTA correction after UKA, and the proximal tibial osteotomy was critical during the procedure. There was no significant correlation between joint line elevation and the clinical function, which may be related to the design of UKA prosthesis.
Private information escrow bound to multiple conditions

We propose two variants of a protocol that provides users' private information escrow capability bound to multiple set of conditions in a federated single sign-on environment using trusted platform module (TPM) and secure processor technologies. The first variant assumes the existence of a trusted anonymity revo- cation manager, while the second variant does not. Cryptographic techniques, such as identity-based re- encryption and custodian-hiding encryption, are ap- plied in our protocol. A performance analysis of our protocol is provided to show that our protocol achieves a better performance in comparison to the existing anonymous credential approach. This is es- pecially true when a user interacts with many service providers in a session. The security properties pro- vided by both variants of our protocol are discussed.
Perchloric acid and its salts: very powerful catalysts in organic chemistry.

5.3. Miscellaneous Electrophilic Reactions 3519 6. Protection and Deprotection Reactions 3519 6.1. Alcohols 3520 6.1. 1. Esters 3520 6.1. 2. Ethers 3522 6.2. Carbonyls 3523 6.2. 1. Acetals 3523 6.2. 2. Acylals 3524 6.2. 3. 1,3-Dicarbonyls (Enol Ethers and Enaminones) 3525 6.2. 4. Imines, Hydrazones, and Oximes 3525 6.3. Amines 3526 7. Three-Membered Ring Reactions 3526 7.1. Epoxides 3526 7.2. Aziridines 3528 7.3. Seleniranium Ion 3528 8. Ring Synthesis 3528 8.1. Four-Membered Rings 3528 8.2. Five-Membered Rings 3529 8.3. Six-Membered Rings 3533 8.4. Seven-Membered Rings 3539 8.5. Nazarov Reaction 3539 9. Miscellaneous 3540 9.1. Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs) 3540 9.2. Polymerizations 3542 9.3. Oxidations 3542 9.4. Carbonyl Activation 3543 9.5. Substitution Reactions 3545 9.6. Synthesis of Salts 3545 9.7. Ring-Opening Reactions 3546 10. Conclusion 3546 11. Abbreviations 3546 12. References 3546
Impact of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty, Commitment and Trust in the Indian Banking Sector

In the present Indian banking scenario, service quality is an indispensable competitive strategy to retain customer base. Banks are trying to win customer satisfaction and loyalty by providing better quality services. This study examines the relationship of service quality with customer loyalty, commitment and trust from the customer’s perspective in the Indian banking sector. Data was collected from 300 customers of public and private sector banks using structured interview schedules. The results show that dimensions of service quality such as assurance-empathy, reliability and tangibles significantly predict customer trust and commitment. The results also indicate that service quality is positively associated with customer loyalty. Private bank customers are more committed and loyal as they receive better quality of service. The study implies that public sector banks should also come forward and try their best to provide better quality service to win back their customers’ loyalty and commitment.
Market orientation and its embedment in the innovation process : implications for manufacturing SMEs

This paper reports on a mixed methods study which aims to (a) investigate the relationship between the two constructs of market orientation and innovation (b) explore the nature of the relationship using qualitative methodology and (c) highlight any possible factors that may bring about this relationship. This paper first reviews literature and then discusses the methodology applied. It then discusses the nature of the results obtained, shows how the results concur with the extant literature and then explains implications of the findings and directions for further research.
A customer-based corporate reputation scale : a study of a clothing retailer's customers

Corporate reputation is an intangible multi-stakeholder concept resulting from the perceptions that diverse stakeholder groups - such as customers and suppliers - have of a firm. Stakeholders' perceptions of corporate reputation are formed by different expectations of and experiences with a firm. Therefore, the dimensions that constitute corporate reputation can also be expected to differ among different stakeholder groups. The continual measurement of the dimensions relevant to a particular stakeholder group is important to detect areas that need timely adjustment. The primary objective of this study was to validate the shortened version of the customer-based corporate reputation (CBCR) scale of Walsh, Beatty and Shiu (2009) on a sample of customers of a national clothing retailer. The findings only support two of the five dimensions of the scale, namely 'customer orientation' and 'a reliable and financially strong company'. Both these dimensions are strongly associated with outcome variables such as 'trust', 'loyalty', 'repatronage intention' and 'overall reputation'. The secondary objective of this study was to investigate respondents' awareness of the retailer's involvement in social responsibility programmes. It was found that many of the retailer's customers who participated in the study were unaware of the retailer's support of social causes. The study concludes that caution should be exercised when scales measuring corporate reputation are used in an environment dissimilar to the one where the scale was originally developed.
In vitro and in vivo small intestinal metabolism of CYP3A and UGT substrates in preclinical animals species and humans: species differences

Intestinal first-pass metabolism has a great impact on the bioavailability of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A) and/or uridine 5′-diphosphate (UDP)-glucoronosyltranferase (UGT) substrates in humans. In vitro and in vivo intestinal metabolism studies are essential for clarifying pharmacokinetics in animal species and for predicting the effects of human intestinal metabolism. We review species differences in intestinal metabolism both in vitro and in vivo. Based on mRNA expression levels, the major intestinal CYP3A isoform is CYP3A4 for humans, CYP3A4 (3A8) for monkeys, CYP3A9 for rats, cyp3a13 for mice, and CYP3A12 for dogs. Additionally, the intestinal-specific UGT would be UGT1A10 for humans, UGT1A8 for monkeys, and UGT1A7 for rats. In vitro and in vivo intestinal metabolism of CYP3A substrates were larger in monkeys than in humans, although a correlation in intestinal availability between monkeys and humans has been reported. Little information is available regarding species differences in in vitro and in vivo UGT activities; however, UGT-mediated in vivo intestinal metabolism has been demonstrated for raloxifene in humans and for baicalein in rats. Further assessment of intestinal metabolism, particularly for UGT substrates, is required to clarify the entire picture of species differences.
Transfer of HRM practices from parent to host multinational companies : case study evidence from the retail sector in Malaysia

This thesis focuses on an examination of the organisational framework of Human Resource Management within the UK and Malaysia. There is a particular emphasis on how the parent and host company interact to shape the process and delivery of HRM policy development in order to meet the challenges of improving the working environment for staff.There is an abundance of HRM literature on the subject of multinational companies within the Western context, but there is limited discourse on the transferral of HRM practices from a Western parent company to a developing country subsidiary, particularly in the retail sector. This study attempts to address the need for more research within this field through examining the HRM practices within the host subsidiary of a multinational retailer in the context of Malaysia.A mixed method approach was adopted using a combination of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to gather data for the study. An analysis using both qualitative and quantitative techniques was used to examine the data.The findings of this study have supported earlier Western-based literature, which identifies the need for organisations to adapt their HRM practices to local cultures and customs in order to guarantee organisational success across geographical boundaries. Moreover, this study has identified a gap within such literature, which highlights the differences in more depth, specifically the differences of cultural perceptions at each level of occupational job role within the multinational company.
Successful resuscitation of bupivacaine-induced cardiac arrest using cardiopulmonary bypass.

Cardiotoxic responses to local anesthetic agents have been reported as a cause of death in patients undergoing operative procedures, despite close patient monitoring, the presence of personnel fully trained in advanced cardiac life support, and the ready availability of resuscitative drugs and equipment. In this report we present a case of bupivacaine-induced cardiac arrest that after failure of resuscitation by medical means, was successfully treated by the rapid initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass.
A lowered concentration of cAMP receptor protein caused by glucose is an important determinant for catabolite repression in Escherichia coli

A decreased intracellular concentration of cAMP is insufficient to account for catabolite repression in Escherichia coli. We show that glucose lowers the amount of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) in cells. A correlation exists between CRP and β‐galactosidase levels in cells growing under various conditions. Exogenous cAMP completely eliminates catabolite repression in CRP‐overproducing cells, while it does not fully reverse the effect of glucose on β‐galactosidase expression in wild‐type cells. When the CRP concentration is reduced by manipulating the crp gene, β‐galactosidase expression decreases in proportion to the concentration of CRP. These findings indicate that the lowered concentration of CRP caused by glucose is one of the major factors for catabolite repression. We propose that glucose causes catabolite repression by lowering the intracellular levels of both CRP and cAMP.
Emerging Trends and Advanced Swot Analysis of E-commerce in Indian Context

E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services, or the transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily the Internet. This paper introduces about new emerging trends in e‐commerce which can enhance economic growth, increase business opportunities, competitiveness, better and profitable access to markets in India. A new approach concerning Internet marketing in Ecommerce; showing how advertisers need this innovation to be successful. E‐Commerce is emerging as a new way of helping business enterprises to compete in the market and thus contributing to economic success. In this research paper we will discuss about Advanced SWOT Analysis of E‐commerce in Indian oriented which will comprise of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats faced by e‐commerce in current scenarios in India. India is an emerging economy and how e-commerce had played a vital role in the growth of the businesses and overall economic development.
Olympic textbook of science in sport

List of Contributors, vii.Foreword, ix.Preface, x.Introduction: Sport, Science and Sports Science.Ronald J. Maughan.Part 1: Physiology and Biochemistry.1 Muscle: Producing Force and Movement.Paavo V. Komi and Masaki Ishikawa.2 Physiological Demands of Sprinting and Multiple-Sprint Sports.Clyde Williams.3 Physiological Demands of Endurance Exercise.Andrew M. Jones and David C. Poole.4 Physiological Adaptations to Training.Martin J. Gibala and Mark Rakobowchuk.5 Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Adaptations to Training.Graham P. Holloway and Lawrence L. Spriet.Part 2: Nutrition.6 Nutrition Needs of Athletes.Ronald J. Maughan.7 Dietary Goals and Eating Strategies.Louise M. Burke.8 Hydration.Susan M. Shirreffs.Part 3: Anthropometry.9 Body Composition and Sports Performance.Timothy Olds.Part 4: Immunology.10 Exercise Immunology.Michael Gleeson.11 Exercise, Inflammation, and Metabolism.Bente K. Pedersen.Part 5: Cell Biology.12 Genetic Determinants of Physical Performance.Claude Bouchard and Tuomo Rankinen.13 Molecular Mechanisms of Adaptations to Training.Frank W. Booth and P. Darrell Neufer
VerbNet Workbench

In this paper a tool to manage a dataset for a VerbNet-like verb lexicon is presented. It was designed to allow users to create a verb lexicon for another language than English and at the same time use the same data structure as the English VerbNet. We take a look at the most relevant requirements of the software and will give an overview of the functionality achieved so far.
Feasibility of calcium peroxide as an oxygen releasing compound in treatment walls

This research investigates the use of a proprietary formulation of calcium peroxide as an oxygen releasing compound in a treatment wall. Laboratory scale column studies evaluated the release of oxygen and the permeability effects resulting from a mixture of the calcium peroxide and a representative aquifer sand (40-mesh Unimin sand). Influent water was prepared at an average dissolved oxygen concentration of 3.1 mg/L and pumped into the treatment wall soil at a constant rate of 0.17 cm³/s to simulate ground water dissolved oxygen and flow conditions. The average changes in relative permeability for mixtures of 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% calcium peroxide by weight were 65.6%, 66.1% and 77.1%, respectively. The peak dissolved oxygen levels in the same mixtures were 5.9, 7.40, and 10.7 mg/L, respectively.
Optical properties of tissue measured using terahertz-pulsed imaging

The first demonstrations of terahertz imaging in biomedicine were made several years ago, but few data are available on the optical properties of human tissue at terahertz frequencies. A catalogue of these properties has been established to estimate variability and determine the practicality of proposed medical applications in terms of penetration depth, image contrast and reflection at boundaries. A pulsed terahertz imaging system with a useful bandwidth 0.5-2.5 THz was used. Local ethical committee approval was obtained. Transmission measurements were made through tissue slices of thickness 0.08 to 1 mm, including tooth enamel and dentine, cortical bone, skin, adipose tissue and striated muscle. The mean and standard deviation for refractive index and linear attenuation coefficient, both broadband and as a function of frequency, were calculated. The measurements were used in simple models of the transmission, reflection and propagation of terahertz radiation in potential medical applications. Refractive indices ranged from 1.5 ± 0.5 for adipose tissue to 3.06 ± 0.09 for tooth enamel. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between the broadband refractive indices of a number of tissues. Terahertz radiation is strongly absorbed in tissue so reflection imaging, which has lower penetration requirements than transmission, shows promise for dental or dermatological applications.
Intelligent face locator for smartphone

The market for smartphones is set for serious expansion. Juniper Research [3] is predicting the annual sales of smartphones will swell to 300 million by 2013 - up from about 153 million in year 2008, a rise of around 95 percent. Therefore, the development of mobile phone software well deserves wider attention. This paper introduces a real-time face processing application that was tested in Windows Mobile environment. This work is targeted towards the development of an efficient and intelligent face recognition system. The system is capable of locating the face region using derivative-based filtering, and classifying human face through the use of AdaBoost classifier. The motivation behind this work is that we aim to develop a robust model that can help to locate face for a portable face recognition application. The experiments carried out show that we have achieved the features of mobile application: speed and efficiency, that is able to deploy facial recognition into smartphone.
Logistics in the “three‐day car” age

It is now becoming apparent that the prevalent “stock‐push” approach in the automotive industry of building vehicles against a long‐term forecast and fulfilling the large majority of orders from existing stock is no longer a viable proposition. Pressure from rising stock levels in the market and the discounts needed to sell these vehicles is forcing the vehicle manufacturers to rethink their sourcing strategy in favour of “build‐to‐order” systems. More responsive order fulfilment at vehicle manufacturer level however will have wide implications on the component supply and logistics subsystems. Based on findings of the 3DayCar research programme, this paper aims at assessing whether current logistics systems are capable of supporting such a “build‐to‐order” approach. Based on empirical evidence of benchmarks covering three million annual vehicle movements in the UK vehicle distribution system, key constraints in current vehicle distribution logistics will be established, and the cost and environmental impact of more responsive logistics will be assessed.
The impact of relationship quality on client's loyalty

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the theoretical foundation of the relationship quality concept and loyalty, and to study the relationship between relationship quality, its antecedents and loyalty.Design/methodology/approach – An empirical study was conducted in the parapharmaceutical sector. Data collection was carried out through the direct administration of a questionnaire to a sample of 300 pharmacists dealing with sales representatives of the parapharmaceutical products.Findings – The results show that there is a significant relation between the antecedents of relationship quality, namely, interpersonal communication, relational contact, conflict resolution and client‐oriented behavior, and relationship quality itself. Relationship quality has also an impact on loyalty which is accounted for positively by satisfaction, and negatively by affective conflict.Research limitations/implications – The authors limited the scope of the study to purifying measurement scales and testing the links.