Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chinese and American Arbitrators: Examining the Effects of Attributions on Award Decisions

Most arbitration research has been conducted in United States, despite the growth of arbitration internationally. In this study, we plan to examine one area where cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Americans have been found - attribution - and explore what effects this might have on arbitrator decisions. Cross-cultural attribution literature indicates Americans tend to make more dispositional attributions, while Chinese tend to make more situational or contextual attributions, and that Americans tend to attribute results to a person's ability while Chinese tend to attribute results to a person's effort. We propose that these attribution differences influence arbitrator decisions and will conduct a cross-cultural field experiment to test our hypotheses.
Recognizing Bird Species in Audio Recordings using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

This paper summarizes a method for purely audio-based bird species recognition through the application of convolutional neural networks. The approach is evaluated in the context of the LifeCLEF 2016 bird identiﬁcation task - an open challenge conducted on a dataset containing 34 128 audio recordings representing 999 bird species from South America. Three diﬀerent network architectures and a simple ensemble model are considered for this task, with the ensemble submission achieving a mean average precision of 41.2% (oﬃcial score) and 52.9% for foreground species.
Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide on Alternative Pathway Respiration and Induction of Alternative Oxidase Gene Expression in Rice Suspension Cells

The toxic effects of H2S on plants are well documented. However, the molecular mechanisms reponsible for inhibition of plants by H2S are still not completely understood. We determined the effects of NaHS in the range of 0.5 - 10 mM on the growth of rice suspension culture cells, as well as on the expression of the alternative oxidase (AOX) gene. AOX is the terminal oxidase of the alternative pathway (AP) and exists in plant mitochondria. The results showed that H2S treatment enhanced the AP activity. During the process of H2S treatment for 4 h, the AP activity increased dramatically and achieved the peak value at a concentration of 2 mM NaHS. Then it declined at higher concentrations of NaHS (5 - 10 mM) and maintained a steady level. The AOX1 gene transcript level also showed a similar change as the AP activity. Interestingly, different NaHS concentrations seemed to have different effects on the expression of AOX1a, AOX1b, and AOX1c. The induction of AOX expression by low concentrations of NaHS was inferred through a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent pathway. At the same time, rice cells grown in culture were very sensitive to H2S, different H2S concentrations induced an increase in the cell viability. These results indicate that the H2S-induced AOX induction might play a role in inhibiting the ROS production and have an influence on cell viability.
An Improved Wideband Dipole Antenna for Global Navigation Satellite System

In this letter, an improved wideband dipole antenna is proposed for BEIDOU/GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO systems. The proposed antenna includes crossed narrow magneto-electric dipoles that are excited by two Γ-shaped strip probes, a 3-dB hybrid coupler, and reflecting plate. The experiment results reveal that the proposed antenna achieves a wide impedance bandwidth of 51.4% (1.1-1.85 GHz) for VSWR <; 1.5. A 3-dB axial-ratio bandwidth of 42.9% (1.1-1.7 GHz) and a gain of 5.6 ±0.6 dBi are covered by the whole operating band. Moreover, in the operating bandwidth, very stable, symmetrical radiation patterns and high gain at the low angle are obtained.
Effect of 655-nm low-level laser therapy on exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue in humans.

OBJECTIVE To investigate if development of skeletal muscle fatigue during repeated voluntary biceps contractions could be attenuated by low-level laser therapy (LLLT). BACKGROUND DATA Previous animal studies have indicated that LLLT can reduce oxidative stress and delay the onset of skeletal muscle fatigue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve male professional volleyball players were entered into a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, for two sessions (on day 1 and day 8) at a 1-wk interval, with both groups performing as many voluntary biceps contractions as possible, with a load of 75% of the maximal voluntary contraction force (MVC). At the second session on day 8, the groups were either given LLLT (655 nm) of 5 J at an energy density of 500 J/cm2 administered at each of four points along the middle of the biceps muscle belly, or placebo LLLT in the same manner immediately before the exercise session. The number of muscle contractions with 75% of MVC was counted by a blinded observer and blood lactate concentration was measured. RESULTS Compared to the first session (on day 1), the mean number of repetitions increased significantly by 8.5 repetitions (+/- 1.9) in the active LLLT group at the second session (on day 8), while in the placebo LLLT group the increase was only 2.7 repetitions (+/- 2.9) (p = 0.0001). At the second session, blood lactate levels increased from a pre-exercise mean of 2.4 mmol/L (+/- 0.5 mmol/L), to 3.6 mmol/L (+/- 0.5 mmol/L) in the placebo group, and to 3.8 mmol/L (+/- 0.4 mmol/L) in the active LLLT group after exercise, but this difference between groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION We conclude that LLLT appears to delay the onset of muscle fatigue and exhaustion by a local mechanism in spite of increased blood lactate levels.
Bluetooth friendly names: bringing classic HCI questions into the mobile space

We explore the use of Bluetooth friendly names within the mobile space. Each Bluetooth-enabled device possesses a short string known as a 'friendly name' used to help identify a device to human users. In our analysis, we collected friendly names in use on 9,854 Bluetooth-enabled devices over a 7-month period. These names were then classified and the results analysed. We discovered that a broad range of HCI themes are applicable to the domain of Bluetooth friendly names, including previous work on personalisation, naming strategies and anonymity in computer mediated communication. We also found that Bluetooth is already being used as a platform for social interaction and communication amongst collocated groups and has moved beyond its original intention of file exchange.
Intrinsic site‐selectivity of ubiquitin dimer formation

The post‐translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin can take on many forms, including the decoration of substrates with polymeric ubiquitin chains. These chains are linked through one of the seven lysine residues in ubiquitin, with the potential to form a panoply of linkage combinations as the chain length increases. The ensuing structural diversity of modifications serves a variety of signaling functions. Still, some linkages are present at a much higher level than others in cellulo. Although ubiquitination is an enzyme‐catalyzed process, the large disparity of abundancies led us to the hypothesis that some linkages might be intrinsically faster to form than others, perhaps directing the course of enzyme evolution. Herein, we assess the kinetics of ubiquitin dimer formation in an enzyme‐free system by measuring the rate constants for thiol–disulfide interchange between appropriate ubiquitin variants. Remarkably, we find that the kinetically expedient linkages correlate with those that are most abundant in cellulo. As the abundant linkages also appear to function more broadly in cellulo, this correlation suggests that the more accessible chains were selected for global roles.
Fatigue performance of Ti-6Al-4V drilled plates

Ti-6Al-4V drilled plates were subjected to cyclic loading tests in a previous study, which investigated the machining-induced effects on fatigue [1]. The majority of the specimens failed between low to moderate number of cycles, close to the surface of the hole, around the half thickness plane, with no clear crack initiation point. Differences in the performance of the plates were associated to the initiation of cracks from subsurface microstructure defects. However, a clear explanation of the mode of failure and the mechanisms behind it were not established due to the scattering of the fatigue data and the need for a more detailed examination of deformed microstructures and elastoplastic strain fields. This postulated the main research objective for the current study. A selected number of specimens after the fatigue tests were re-examined to identify the critical defects. The preliminary analysis included surface roughness, micro-hardness, LOM, and SEM of the machining-affected layer. Then, advanced characterization techniques, namely EBSD and FIB, were transformed into semi and fully quantitative methods to identify plastic strain gradients and residual stress profiles within the material. Despite the different drilling conditions, the specimens had similar roughness values. However, the plastic deformation and residual stress profiles within the material were directly related to each other and to the drilling conditions. All specimens displayed strain localization within smaller alpha grains of the sheared underlying microstructure, while tensile twins and slip bands were visible below the heavily deformed and strain hardened zone. Tensile, surface or near-surface stresses were measured for all drilling conditions at different locations around the hole. The results indicated that specimens with lower levels of deformation had superior fatigue performance. Since all specimens had identical defects, though to a different depth, it was deemed necessary to examine the fractured surface of the specimens. A closer inspection of the machined surfaces at the locations of the crack initiation revealed that chip fragments, embedded on the surface of the hole, were the critical defect dominating the fatigue life. Surface smearing and intense drilling marks were generating non-critical cracks. Chip cracking, voids within the chip, surface damage and cavities from the embedment of the chip, and shielding of surface twins by the chip were observed in the specimens. An exact description of the failure mechanism(s) was not possible because all of them appeared to be crack nucleation sites. The current study was concluded at this point providing the groundwork and the tools for future work.
Multiarmed Bandits With Limited Expert Advice

We consider the problem of minimizing regret in the setting of advice-efficient multiarmed bandits with expert advice. We give an algorithm for the setting of K arms and N experts out of which we are allowed to query and use only M experts’ advice in each round, which has a regret bound 1 of ~ O q minfK;MgN M T after T rounds. We also prove that any algorithm for this problem must have expected regret at least ~ q minfK;MgN M T , thus showing that our upper bound is nearly tight. This solves the COLT 2013 open problem of Seldin et al. (2013).
Agents with non-anthropomorphic lifecycles

Most software agent lifecycles are designed in such a way that they mimic the lifecycles of humans (anthropomorphism). This position paper presents a set of operations for software agents which have no immediate biological analogies, such as splitting and merging agents. We argue through a series of scenarios the potential benefits of this approach. We present a method to implement these operations in the Bond agent framework.
Smoothlets—Multiscale Functions for Adaptive Representation of Images

In this paper a special class of functions called smoothlets is presented. They are defined as a generalization of wedgelets and second-order wedgelets. Unlike all known geometrical methods used in adaptive image approximation, smoothlets are continuous functions. They can adapt to location, size, rotation, curvature, and smoothness of edges. The M-term approximation of smoothlets is O(M-3) . In this paper, an image compression scheme based on the smoothlet transform is also presented. From the theoretical considerations and experiments, both described in the paper, it follows that smoothlets can assure better image compression than the other known adaptive geometrical methods, namely, wedgelets and second-order wedgelets.
PILOT – the Pathfinder for an International Large Optical Telescope

PILOT is proposed as a partnership between Australia and Europe to develop a 2.4 m optical/infrared telescope for Dome C, Antarctica. Funding for a detailed designed study is being sought from Australian sources, with a view to commencing construction in early 2008. The current “strawman” design is for an f/10 dual Nasmyth configuration with provision for both a silicon carbide fast tip-tilt secondary mirror for the thermal infrared, and an adaptive secondary mirror to achieve diffraction-limited imaging at wavelengths as short as V -band.
An Integrated Development of a Dynamic Software-Fault Monitoring System

The problems being solved by today's software systems are becoming more complex and are requiring the integration of knowledge from multiple domains. As a result, traditional verification and validation techniques may not be sufficient to identify the existence of software faults. Augmenting these techniques with runtime software-fault monitoring can ensure that software behaves in accordance with constraints elicited from domain experts in varying areas or fields. Previous approaches to software-fault monitoring require the developer to specify pre- and post-conditions on modules, specify constraints on data types, and/or insert constraints at appropriate execution points. The approach described in this paper, Dynamic Monitoring with Integrity Constraints (DynaMICs), addresses issues that have hindered adoption of previous approaches by limiting human intervention to constraint definition and justification and minimizing performance degradation. Unlike other software-fault monitoring systems, DynaMICs captures domain-specific and implementation-independent knowledge through integrity constraints. This paper describes the techniques and knowledge that must be integrated in order to realize this system.
CEO Ability, Pay and Firm Performance

Do chief executive officers (CEOs) really matter? Do cross-sectional differences in firm performance and CEO pay reflect differences in CEO ability? Examining CEO departures over 1992--2002, we first find that the stock price reaction upon departure is negatively related to the firm's prior performance and to the CEO's prior pay. Second, the CEO's subsequent labor market success is greater if the firm's predeparture performance is better, the prior pay is higher, and the stock market's reaction is more negative. Finally, better prior performance, higher prior pay, and a more negative stock market reaction are associated with worse postdeparture firm performance. Collectively, these results reject the view that differences in firm performance stem entirely from non-CEO factors such as the firms' assets, other employees, or “luck,” and that CEO pay is unrelated to the CEO's contribution to firm value.
Strategies for Treating Latent Multiple-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis: A Decision Analysis

Background The optimal treatment for latent multiple-drug resistant tuberculosis infection remains unclear. In anticipation of future clinical trials, we modeled the expected performance of six potential regimens for treatment of latent multiple-drug resistant tuberculosis. Methods A computerized Markov model to analyze the total cost of treatment for six different regimens: Pyrazinamide/ethambutol, moxifloxacin monotherapy, moxifloxacin/pyrazinamide, moxifloxacin/ethambutol, moxifloxacin/ethionamide, and moxifloxacin/PA-824. Efficacy estimates were extrapolated from mouse models and examined over a wide range of assumptions. Results In the base-case, moxifloxacin monotherapy was the lowest cost strategy, but moxifloxacin/ethambutol was cost-effective at an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $21,252 per quality-adjusted life-year. Both pyrazinamide-containing regimens were dominated due to their toxicity. A hypothetical regimen of low toxicity and even modest efficacy was cost-effective compared to “no treatment. ” Conclusion In our model, moxifloxacin/ethambutol was the preferred treatment strategy under a wide range of assumptions; pyrazinamide-containing regimens fared poorly because of high rates of toxicity. Although more data are needed on efficacy of treatments for latent MDR-TB infection, data on toxicity and treatment discontinuation, which are easier to obtain, could have a substantial impact on public health practice.
Clinical Presentation, Treatment, and Complications of Malignant Hyperthermia in North America from 1987 to 2006

BACKGROUND: We analyzed cases of malignant hyperthermia (MH) reported to the North American MH Registry for clinical characteristics, treatment, and complications. METHODS: Our inclusion criteria were as follows: AMRA (adverse metabolic/musculoskeletal reaction to anesthesia) reports between January 1, 1987 and December 31, 2006; “very likely” or “almost certain” MH as ranked by the clinical grading scale; United States or Canadian location; and more than one anesthetic drug given. An exclusion criterion was pathology other than MH; for complication analysis, patients with unknown status or minor complications attributable to dantrolene were excluded. Wilcoxon rank sum and Pearson exact &khgr;2 tests were applied. A multivariable model of the risk of complications from MH was created through stepwise selection with fit judged by the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic. RESULTS: Young males (74.8%) dominated in 286 episodes. A total of 6.5% had an MH family history; 77 of 152 patients with MH reported ≥2 prior unremarkable general anesthetics. In 10 cases, skin liquid crystal temperature did not trend. Frequent initial MH signs were hypercarbia, sinus tachycardia, or masseter spasm. In 63.5%, temperature abnormality (median maximum, 39.1°C) was the first to third sign. Whereas 78.6% presented with both muscular abnormalities and respiratory acidosis, only 26.0% had metabolic acidosis. The median total dantrolene dose was 5.9 mg/kg (first quartile, 3.0 mg/kg; third quartile, 10.0 mg/kg), although 22 patients received no dantrolene and survived. A total of 53.9% received bicarbonate therapy. Complications not including recrudescence, cardiac arrest, or death occurred in 63 of 181 patients (34.8%) with MH. Twenty-one experienced hematologic and/or neurologic complications with a temperature <41.6°C (human critical thermal maximum). The likelihood of any complication increased 2.9 times per 2°C increase in maximum temperature and 1.6 times per 30-minute delay in dantrolene use. CONCLUSION: Elevated temperature may be an early MH sign. Although increased temperature occurs frequently, metabolic acidosis occurs one-third as often. Accurate temperature monitoring during general anesthetics and early dantrolene administration may decrease the 35% MH morbidity rate.
Genetic basis of Bartter syndrome in Korea.

BACKGROUND Bartter syndrome (BS) is clinically classified into antenatal or neonatal BS (aBS) and classic BS (cBS) as well as five subtypes based on the underlying mutant gene; SLC12A1 (BS I), KCNJ1 (BS II), CLCNKB (BS III), BSND (BS IV) and CASR (BS V). METHODS Clinico-genetic features of a nationwide cohort of 26 Korean children with BS were investigated. RESULTS The clinical diagnosis was aBS in 8 (30.8%), cBS in 15 (57.7%) and mixed Bartter-Gitelman phenotype in 3 cases (11.5%). Five of eight patients with aBS and all 18 patients with either cBS or mixed Bartter-Gitelman phenotype had CLCNKB mutations. Among the 23 patients (46 alleles) with CLCNKB mutations, p.W610X and large deletions were detected in 25 (54.3%) and 10 (21.7%) alleles, respectively. There was no genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with CLCNKB mutations. CONCLUSIONS Twenty-three (88.5%) of the 26 BS patients involved in this study had CLCNKB mutations. The p.W610X mutation and large deletion were two common types of mutations in CLCNKB. The clinical manifestations of BS III were heterogeneous without a genotype-phenotype correlation, typically manifesting cBS phenotype but also aBS or mixed Bartter-Gitelman phenotypes. The molecular diagnostic steps for patients with BS in our population should be designed taking these peculiar genotype distributions into consideration, and a new more clinically relevant classification including BS and Gitelman syndrome is required.
What Can Be Computed Locally ?

1 Summary The paper [1] deals with locality on several levels: It introduces a model for distributed computations and the notion of locally checkable labelings (LCLs). It proves properties about algorithms for locally checkable labeling problems. Two algorithms are analyzed in detail: One for the Weak Coloring problem and one for the Formal Dining Philosophers problem. The paper shows fundamental properties of local algorithms for LCL problems: • Undecidability: In general, it's impossible to decide if a certain LCL problem has a local algorithm. However, it is possible to decide if the time bound is fixed. Unfortunately, this proof doesn't give instructions on how to find an algorithm. • Randomization: If there's a randomized local algorithm for a LCL problem, then a deterministic algorithm with the same time bound can be found. This proof is important: We can concentrate on deterministic algorithms if we want to find one for a particular problem. The Weak Coloring problem is quite artificial and has only few applications. It can be used where two types of resources are needed to perform an operation, but since every node only gets one type of resource, they have to cooperate. The first phase creates a coloring with 2 d) 1 d (d + + ⋅ colors. If d ≥ 8, this expression is bigger than 2 32. In cases where we have less than 2 32 IDs, we could take the ID as color number (example: IP addresses). The authors don't give instructions on how to assign a different subset to every color number. Of course, in the model used (any computation on a single processor can be carried out in one time step) this isn't a problem, but in practice it is.
Control and Power Management of Converter Fed Microgrids

This paper presents a voltage-power droop/frequency-reactive power boost (VPD/FQB) control scheme that allows multiple voltage source converters (VSCs) to operate in parallel in a VSC fed microgrid. Each current controlled VSC in such a microgrid has its own VPD/FQB controller that sets its current references to regulate the voltage and frequency of a common microgrid bus. By drooping the voltage reference of each controller against its real power output, multiple VPD/FQB controllers jointly regulate the microgrid voltage while sharing a common load power in proportion to a predetermined ratio. Similarly, by boosting the frequency reference of each controller against its reactive power output, multiple VPD/FQB controllers jointly regulate the microgrid frequency while sharing the reactive load in proportion to a predetermined ratio. The proposed control scheme can also operate in grid connected mode. Experimental results are provided to validate the VPD/FQB control scheme.