Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MobiCache: When k-anonymity meets cache

Location-Based Services (LBSs) are becoming increasingly popular in our daily life. In some scenarios, multiple users may seek data of same interest from a LBS server simultaneously or one by one, and they may need to provide their exact locations to the un-trusted LBS server in order to enjoy such a location-based service. Unfortunately, this will breach users' location privacy and security. To address this problem, we propose a novel collaborative system, MobiCache, which combines k-anonymity with caching together to protect user's location privacy while improving the cache hit ratio. Different from the traditional k-anonymity, our Dummy Selection Algorithm (DSA) chooses dummy locations which have not been queried before to increase the cache hit ratio. We also propose an enhanced-DSA to further improve the user's privacy as well as the cache hit ratio by assigning dummy locations which can make more contributions to cache hit ratio. Evaluation results show that the proposed DSA can increase the cache hit ratio and the enhanced-DSA can further improve the cache hit ratio as well as the user's privacy.
Antibacterial activity of different fractions of Commelina benghalensis L

In Bangladesh the herb Commelina benghalensis L. is used for otitis media, suppurative sores, burns, conjunctivitis and skin diseases (eczema, abscesses, acne, scabies and warts) although the compounds responsible for the medicinal properties have not been identified. In this study the plant was evaluated for antibacterial activity and the extracts (ethanolic, petroleum etheric, diethyl etheric, methanolic and aqueous) were found to possess maximum potency against infectious pathogens Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Shigella boydii, Shigella dysenteriae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The zone of inhibition was observed with almost all bacteria with some exceptions. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts were found to be significant.
End-to-end learning potentials for structured attribute prediction

We present a structured inference approach in deep neural networks for multiple attribute prediction. In attribute prediction, a common approach is to learn independent classifiers on top of a good feature representation. However, such classifiers assume conditional independence on features and do not explicitly consider the dependency between attributes in the inference process. We propose to formulate attribute prediction in terms of marginal inference in the conditional random field. We model potential functions by deep neural networks and apply the sum-product algorithm to solve for the approximate marginal distribution in feed-forward networks. Our message passing layer implements sparse pairwise potentials by a softplus-linear function that is equivalent to a higher-order classifier, and learns all the model parameters by end-to-end back propagation. The experimental results using SUN attributes and CelebA datasets suggest that the structured inference improves the attribute prediction performance, and possibly uncovers the hidden relationship between attributes.
Las aves del campus de la Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia

Entre mayo 2007 y abril 2008 registramos 186 especies de aves distribuidas en 41 familias en el campus de la Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia. Las especies fueron categorizadas por movilidad, evidencia, tipo de habitat, gremio alimentario y frecuencia de registros. 38 especies fueron residentes, 77 transitorias y 72 especies migratorias con poblaciones de anidacion en America del Norte. Dentro del proyecto se realizo por primera vez un monitoreo de aves migratorias en la region Caribe colombiana durante un ano. 114 especies fueron catalogadas como raras, es decir, fueron visitantes ocasionales de la Universidad. A lo largo del ano registramos diferentes eventos reproductivos en 29 especies. Registramos seis especies migratorias clasificadas amenazadas por la disminucion de sus poblaciones de anidacion en Estados Unidos. Los registros de estas especies documentan la importancia de los relictos de bosque seco para la conservacion de poblaciones de aves migratorias a su arribo a la Costa Caribe de Colombia, principalmente de este remanente dentro del casco urbano, por convertirse en islas de conservacion en la ciudad de Santa Marta.
INFORMATION PROCESSING SPEED OF CHILDREN WITH FRIEDREICH'S ATAXIA

Two children with Friedreich's ataxia and six controls matched for age and Verbal IQ were administered a measure of short‐term memory scanning and tests of attention, memory, language and abstraction. The patients demonstrated a deficit in information processing speed, decreased sustained attention and variable memory performance. The findings suggest that a deficit in information processing speed occurs early in the clinical course of Friedreich's ataxia and progresses as neurological status deteriorates.
PCR amplification of the mating‐type idiomorphs in Cryphonectria parasitica

In the laboratory, the ascomycete fungus Cryphonectria parasitica is rarely self‐fertile, and has a self‐incompatibility system that resolves into two intersterility groups, controlled by a single locus. In natural populations, however, self‐fertilization occurs frequently. In this report, we show that the C. parasitica self‐incompatibility locus (MAT) comprises two idiomorphs (alleles that are highly divergent in sequence), conforming to the paradigm of self‐incompatibility as described for other ascomycetes. Starting with a fragment putatively from the MAT‐2 idiomorph, we used a PCR‐based cloning approach to identify 3.5‐ and 2‐kb sequences unique to MAT‐1 and MAT‐2 isolates, respectively. These sequences were then used to design idiomorph‐specific PCR primer pairs, allowing us to efficiently identify the mating types of isolates, a crucial component of our research on the environmental and genetic factors underlying this mixed mating system.
Rapid target gene validation in complex cancer mouse models using re-derived embryonic stem cells

Human cancers modeled in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models (GEMMs) can provide important mechanistic insights into the molecular basis of tumor development and enable testing of new intervention strategies. The inherent complexity of these models, with often multiple modified tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, has hampered their use as preclinical models for validating cancer genes and drug targets. In our newly developed approach for the fast generation of tumor cohorts we have overcome this obstacle, as exemplified for three GEMMs; two lung cancer models and one mesothelioma model. Three elements are central for this system; (i) The efficient derivation of authentic Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) from established GEMMs, (ii) the routine introduction of transgenes of choice in these GEMM‐ESCs by Flp recombinase‐mediated integration and (iii) the direct use of the chimeric animals in tumor cohorts. By applying stringent quality controls, the GEMM‐ESC approach proofs to be a reliable and effective method to speed up cancer gene assessment and target validation. As proof‐of‐principle, we demonstrate that MycL1 is a key driver gene in Small Cell Lung Cancer.
Enhancement of Medical Named Entity Recognition Using Graph-Based Features

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a crucial step in text mining. This paper proposes a new graph-based technique for representing unstructured medical text. The new representation is used to extract discriminative features that are able to enhance the NER performance. To evaluate the usefulness of the proposed graph-based technique, the i2b2 medication challenge data set is used. Specifically, the 'treatment' named entities are extracted for evaluation using six different classifiers. The F-measure results of five classifiers are enhanced, with an average improvement of up to 26% in performance.
Prediction of CCN number concentration using Measurements of Aerosol Size Distributions and Composition and Light Scattering Enhancement due to Humidity

1 Atmospheric Science Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA 2 NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA 3 CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, UK 5 Dept. Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado, USA 6 Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA 7 Dept. of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Melatonin Suppresses Nighttime Memory Formation in Zebrafish

Memory processes are modulated by the biological clock, although the mechanisms are unknown. Here, we report that in the diurnal zebrafish both learning and memory formation of an operant conditioning paradigm occur better during the day than during the night. Melatonin treatment during the day mimics the nighttime suppression of memory formation. Training in constant light improves nighttime memory formation while reducing endogenous melatonin concentrations. Treatment with melatonin receptor antagonists at night dramatically improves memory. Pinealectomy also significantly improves nighttime memory formation. We adduce that melatonin is both sufficient and necessary for poor memory formation during the night.
Intrathecal Administration of Y-27632, a Specific Rho-Associated Kinase Inhibitor, for Rat Neoplastic Meningitis

The small GTP-binding protein Rho and its target Rho-associated kinase trigger an intracellular signaling cascade that controls actin cytoskeleton and plays an essential role in cell motility and adhesion. A specific Rho-associated kinase inhibitor, Y-27632, has been reported to inhibit cancer invasion. Clinically, disseminated tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid invade the intraparenchymal region, damaging the brain and nerves, resulting in fatal brain stem dysfunction, despite intrathecal chemotherapy. To expand therapeutic options for this devastating neoplastic meningitis, we evaluated the potential use of intrathecal Y-27632 administration by employing Walker 256 cells, a rat mammary cancer cell line. Y-27632 dose-dependently inhibited chemotactic and invasive activity of Walker 256 cells. Y-27632 also inhibited the phosphorylation level of regulatory myosin light chain in vitro, but the effect was temporary and was considerably diminished within 16 hours. Y-27632 induced striking morphologic changes in Walker 256 cells, as evidenced by decreased cell-matrix adhesion in culture dishes and three-dimensional collagen I gels, and slightly inhibited colony formation in soft agar. Nevertheless, this drug treatment did not affect Walker 256 cell growth rate. We were able to administer continuous delivery of this inhibitor using an osmotic pump and maintaining drug concentration of 10 μmol/L within the brain. Importantly, this concentration of Y-27632 showed minimal neurotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. We found that an intrathecal therapy, combining 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine with Y-27632, significantly increased the survival time of rats bearing meningeal carcinomatosis in comparison with animals treated with 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine alone. Taken together, our findings indicate that continuous intrathecal administration of Y-27632 could be a promising therapeutic method when combined with chemotherapy for treating human neoplastic meningitis.
Systematic Mutational Analysis of the Cation-independent Mannose 6-Phosphate/Insulin-like Growth Factor II Receptor Cytoplasmic Domain

We have used systematic mutational analysis to identify signals in the 166-residue murine cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor cytoplasmic domain required for efficient sorting of lysosomal enzymes. Alanine cluster mutagenesis on all conserved residues apart from the endocytosis signal demonstrates that the major sorting determinant is a conserved casein kinase II site followed by a dileucine motif (157DDSDEDLL164). Small deletions or additions outside this region have severe to mild effects, indicating that context is important. Single residue mutagenesis indicates that cycles of serine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation are not obligatory for sorting. In addition, the two leucine residues and four of the five negatively charged residues can readily tolerate conservative substitutions. In contrast, aspartate 160 could not tolerate isoelectric or isosteric substitutions, implicating it as a critical component of the sorting signal.
Heegaard Floer homology as morphism spaces

In this paper we prove another pairing theorem for bordered Floer homology. Unlike the original pairing theorem, this one is stated in terms of homomorphisms, not tensor products. The present formulation is closer in spirit to the usual TQFT framework, and allows a more direct comparison with Fukaya-categorical constructions. The result also leads to various dualities in bordered Floer homology.
An unsupervised cascade learning scheme for ‘cluster-theme keywords’ structure extraction from scientific papers

The large amount of scientific papers provides a convenient way for users to know the latest research progress of a specific research topic. However, the large volume and the diverse research themes hiding among these papers usually hinder users from conveniently locating the specific papers that they are interested in. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel unsupervised cascade learning scheme that aims to extract a ‘cluster-theme keywords’ structure from the related papers of a research topic so as to help users locate their research interests quickly. Our approach first selects some representative papers for a research topic. It then clusters these selected papers into several small clusters with the help of a domain ontology. It finally extracts some theme keywords for each cluster. Our approach not only greatly reduces the time-consuming and labour-intensive paper-seeking process for users, but also comprehensively displays the diverse themes of a research topic. We conducted extensive experiments to evaluate our proposed approach. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, which produces promising results.
Model Checking Methodology for Large Systems, Faults and Asynchronous Behaviour - {SARANA} 2011 Work Report

Digital instrumentation and control (I&C) systems are challenging to verify. They enable complicated control functions, and the state spaces of the models easily become too large for comprehensive verification through traditional methods. Model checking is a formal method that can be used for system verification. A number of efficient model checking systems are available that provide analysis tools to determine automatically whether a given state machine model satisfies the desired safety properties. This report reviews the work performed in the Safety Evaluation and Reliability Analysis of Nuclear Automation (SARANA) project in 2011 regarding model checking. We have developed new, more exact modelling methods that are able to capture the behaviour of a system more realistically. In particular, we have developed more detailed fault models depicting the hardware configuration of a system, and methodology to model function-block-based systems asynchronously. In order to improve the usability of our model checking methods, we have developed an algorithm for model checking large modular systems. The algorithm can be used to verify properties of a model that could otherwise not be verified in a straightforward manner.
Reduced Heart Rate Variability Among YouthWith Type 1 Diabetes The SEARCH CVD study

RESULTSdCompared with control subjects, youth with type 1 diabetes had reduced overall HRV (10.09ms lower SD of NN intervals [SDNN]) andmarkers of parasympathetic loss (13.5ms reduced root mean square successive difference of NN intervals [RMSSD] and 5.2 normalized units (n.u.) reduced high frequency [HF] power) with sympathetic override (5.2 n.u. increased low frequency [LF] power), independent of demographic, anthropometric, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Older age, female sex, higher LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and presence of microalbuminuria were independently associated with lower HRV but did not account for the observed differences between youth with and without diabetes. Youth with type 1 diabetes and A1C levels $7.5% had significantly worse HRV parameters than control subjects; however, in youth with optimal glycemic control (A1C,7.5%), HRV parameters did not differ significantly from control subjects.
Flow cytometric evaluation of circulating endothelial cells: A new protocol for identifying endothelial cells at several stages of differentiation

Several factors may influence the analysis of endothelial cells (ECs) by flow cytometry: separation of mononuclear cell, washing and centrifugation steps, panel of monoclonal antibodies, and the lack of standardization of gating technique. Therefore, the reliable quantification of ECs remains a technical challenge. The purpose of this study is to define a new flow cytometric protocol to characterize and quantitate ECs. In previous investigations, increased numbers of circulating ECs have been found in sickle cell disease. The patients with sickle cell disease might provide useful material for the study. We performed flow cytometry on whole blood from 20 normal controls and 31 patients with sickle cell disease (20 patients with steady‐state disease and 11 patients with vaso‐occlusive crises) using a lyse/no‐wash procedure, specific and nonspecific antibody combinations (CD146, CD144, CD34, and CD117), and broad gating. This protocol produced much higher values for the number of circulating ECs (a mean of 2,396.55 ± 658.37 ECs/mL in controls vs 6,709.60 ± 1,772.32 ECs/mL in the steady‐state group, or 18,213.50 ± 8,451 in the vaso‐occlusive crises group, P < 0.001 for both), and also showed variable EC size and granularity, which may reflect activated, or early release ECs. This novel protocol performed comparably in terms of reproducibility, reliability, and dilution linearity with a previously described protocol. This approach has significant advantages for the characterization and quantitation ECs compatible with the pathophysiology. Using the specific antibodies, CD146 and CD144, together may give more informative EC data than the general approach used. Am. J. Hematol. , 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors Influencing Clinically Meaningful Recanalization after IV-rtPA in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Predictors of clinically meaningful recanalization were assessed in 126 patients with acute anterior circulation stroke treated with IV thrombolysis. End points were CT angiographic recanalization and good clinical outcome at 90 days. Clinically meaningful recanalization occurred in 29% of patients, who had fewer neurologic deficits and higher ASPECTS at baseline. Admission NIHSS score and site of arterial occlusion were significant predictors of meaningful recanalization. Specifically, mild baseline deficits and distal vessel occlusions were significant predictors of clinically meaningful recanalization. A combination of these was better than either parameter alone. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recanalization may not result in better clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke. We determined the incidence and significant predictors of CMR, defined as CT angiographic recanalization and a good clinical outcome, after IV-rtPA in acute ischemic stroke. A CMR score was devised and tested. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-six consecutive patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke receiving IV-rtPA were retrospectively reviewed. Imaging included a baseline NCCT and CTA. Recanalization was assessed on a 24-hour CTA. Clinical outcome was determined by the 90-day mRS. CMR was defined as CTA recanalization and a good clinical outcome (mRS ≤2). Logistic regression analysis determined predictors of CMR. The predictive ability of a CMR score was tested with AIC. RESULTS: CMR occurred in 29% (36/126). Patients with CMR had fewer neurologic deficits (P = .001) and higher ASPECTS (P = .041) at baseline than those without CMR. Baseline NIHSS score did not predict proximal occlusion (OR 0.959; 95% CI [0.907–1.014]; P = .141). Multivariate analysis showed admission NIHSS score (P = .001) and the site of vessel occlusion (P = .022) to be significant CMR predictors. CMR was significantly less likely in patients with proximal occlusions (ICA, P = .005; proximal M1, P = .021). A CMR score better predicted CMR than either NIHSS or vessel occlusion site alone (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Milder baseline stroke deficit and distal vessel occlusion are significant predictors of CMR. A combination of these parameters better predicts CMR than either parameter alone.
Why Do Deep Neural Networks Still Not Recognize These Images?: A Qualitative Analysis on Failure Cases of ImageNet Classification

In a recent decade, ImageNet has become the most notable and powerful benchmark database in computer vision and machine learning community. As ImageNet has emerged as a representative benchmark for evaluating the performance of novel deep learning models, its evaluation tends to include only quantitative measures such as error rate, rather than qualitative analysis. Thus, there are few studies that analyze the failure cases of deep learning models in ImageNet, though there are numerous works analyzing the networks themselves and visualizing them. In this abstract, we qualitatively analyze the failure cases of ImageNet classification results from recent deep learning model, and categorize these cases according to the certain image patterns. Through this failure analysis, we believe that it can be discovered what the final challenges are in ImageNet database, which the current deep learning model is still vulnerable to.
Long‐term Potentiation of NMDA Receptor‐mediated EPSP in Guinea‐pig Hippocampal Slices

Hippocampal slices from guinea‐pigs were used to examine the long‐term potentiation (LTP) of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA)‐mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). lntracellular recordings were performed from CA1 pyramidal neurons in the presence of 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX, 5–10 μM) and picrotoxin (50 μM). In these experimental conditions test stimuli applied at low frequency (0.1 Hz) to the Schaffer collateral ‐ commissural pathway evoked a prolonged EPSP (150–200 ms). To obtain this CNQX‐resistant EPSP, stimulus intensities had to be raised above the level required to evoke an EPSP of comparable amplitude in physiological solution. Tetanic stimulation (two trains of 100 Hz, 1 s every 20 s) led to a potentiation of the CNQX‐resistant EPSP, and this potentiated response was abolished with d‐(‐)‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid (50μM). The potentiation of the NMDA receptor‐mediated EPSP was more pronounced for strong than for weak test stimuli, and was suppressed when test EPSPs were evoked during membrane hyperpolarization. These results suggest that NMDA receptor‐mediated responses can undergo LTP, and hence can contribute to the maintenance of LTP.