Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects Of Formal Planning And Control On Growth: A Case Study Approach

While planning and control and their impact on small firm growth are implicit in many academic discussions, much of our understanding of these phenomena are based on speculation and opinion. Thus, they seem neglected areas of small business research. This paper seeks to improve the understanding of formal planning and control systems and their relationship to the growth of small business in Australian manufacturing. First, a framework is developed which incorporates the main contextual variables which independently and simultaneously have been shown to have a major relationship with growth. Second, the study provides empirically-based qualitative evidence to further the understanding of causality in the growth of small business by focusing on how formal planning and control systems are embedded within the external or internal contextual variables of small business and the characteristics of their management. Evidence is also provided as to the conditions and circumstances under which formal planning and control are likely to be most effective in controlling the effects of contextual variables, and to the differences between high growth and low growth firms in the use of formal planning and control. The findings of this study are important for two principal reasons. First, it has provided the opportunity to conduct exploratory research into how a small business is managed within the context in which the processes are applied. Second, it has provided the opportunity to identify factors which encourage or discourage small firms to plan, thus providing a better understanding of the planning and control process adopted by small firms.
Collaborating around digital tabletops: children’s physical strategies from the UK, India and Finland

We present a study of children collaborating around interactive tabletops in three different countries: the United Kingdom, India and Finland. Our data highlights the key distinctive physical strategies used by children when performing collaborative tasks during this study. Children in the UK tend to prefer static positioning with minimal physical contact and simultaneous object movement. Children in India employed dynamic positioning with frequent physical contact and simultaneous object movement. Children in Finland used a mixture of dynamic and static positioning with minimal physical contact and object movement. Our findings indicate the importance of understanding collaboration strategies and behaviours when designing and deploying interactive tabletops in heterogeneous educational environments. We conclude with a discussion on how designers of tabletops for schools can provide opportunities for children in different countries to define and shape their own collaboration strategies for small group learning that take into account their different classroom practices
Renal cell carcinoma presenting as an upper gastrointestinal bleeding

An 80-year-old man presented with melaena and anaemia of 1 week duration. This was associated with shortness of breath and an indigestion-type pain for the preceding 8 weeks. General physical examination revealed epigastric tenderness, but an otherwise soft abdomen with no organomegaly. The patient had a gastroscopy, showing a polypoidal lesion in the second part of duodenum (D2) as the bleeding point, which was managed with epinephrine injection and endoclips. This was followed by CT of the abdomen, revealing a lobulated 8 cm mass arising from the lower pole of the right kidney and invading the duodenum. The case report aims to acknowledge the possibility of direct duodenal involvement in renal cell carcinoma, which is a rare occurrence.
High Triterpenic Acids Production in Callus Cultures from Fruit Pulp of Two Apple Varieties.

INTRODUCTION Very rarely fruit pulp has been used in in vitro culture to produce secondary metabolites useful in promoting health. OBJECTIVES The aims of this work were the study of the best conditions to obtain the callus cultures from the pulp of two varieties of apples, Golden Delicious (GD) and "Mela Rosa Marchigiana" (MRM), and the quali-quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites produced by the two in vitro callus cultures. METHODOLOGY Callus was induced on both Murashige and Skoog and Gamborg B5 media containing various combinations of supplements. To achieve the maximum recovery of secondary metabolites produced, preliminary extraction tests were carried out on GD apple culture using two different organic solvents (MeOH and EtOAc). The quali-quantitative analysis of the methanolic extract of both cultures was carried out by ESI-MSn and GC-MS techniques. RESULTS The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of triterpenic acids, in particular, oleanolic, ursolic, maslinic, pomolic, tormentic, corosolic and annurcoic acid along with a phytosterol, β-sitosterol. In addition, GD callus culture produced phloridzin, absent in the MRM culture. In this last culture, however, the total amount of secondary metabolites was markedly higher. The in vivo production of these bioactive compounds were also quantified in the GD and MRM apple pulps. CONCLUSION Apple pulps produced higher amounts of triterpenic acids in vitro than in vivo. The present work can be considered a method to amplify the production of important secondary metabolites which exert beneficial effects on human health. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International Perspectives on School Governing under Pressure

School governing is an important part of the governance of education systems around the world. Governing and governance are complex matters. Governance involves a range of bodies including non-state actors working in combination (Kooiman, 2003) and therefore, as Rhodes (1997) asserts governance more than government. Viewed in this way, governance is conceptualized as a network, which is the sets of formal and informal institutional linkages between governmental and other actors that are structured around shared interests in public policymaking and implementation (Rhodes, 2007).
Is International Trust Performance Predictable Over Time? A Note

We examine whether past return measures have any significant predictive ability for future returns of UK unit trusts with international equity objectives. We find significant positive persistence between the past return performance of the trust relative to its investment sector and future trust returns relative to its sector. This result holds at short-run and long-run return horizons. The persistence is stronger in trusts that perform well relative to their sector. Our findings suggest that the past return performance of the trust relative to their sector provides a useful guide to future return performance relative to their sector.
Real Exchange Rate Movements in Developed and Developing Economies: A Reinterpretation of the Balassa‐Samuelson Hypothesis

This article applies panel-data techniques to examine the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis (BSH) for 33 countries. We introduce a new approach for classifying traded and non-traded industries which allows for country-specific heterogeneity over each industry and changes in classifications across periods. We find that in developed countries, productivity growth in traded goods leads to a real depreciation of the currency, inconsistent with the BSH; however, higher growth countries experience real appreciation. The results of developing countries support the BSH in that higher productivity growth in traded goods leads to real appreciation.
Combined targeting of AKT and mTOR using MK‐2206 and RAD001 is synergistic in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare, but devastating disease arising from the epithelium of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. There are neither effective systemic therapies nor satisfying treatment options for inoperable CCA. Histopathological and biochemical studies of CCA show frequent dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of the mTOR inhibitor RAD001 and the impact of AKT signaling following mTOR inhibition in the treatment of CCA. RAD001 significantly inhibits proliferation of CCA cell lines, however, a concentration‐dependent and isoform specific feedback activation of the three AKT isoforms (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) was observed after mTOR inhibition. As activation of AKT might limit the RAD001‐mediated anti‐tumor effect, the efficacy of combined mTOR and AKT inhibition was investigated using the allosteric AKT inhibitor MK‐2206. Our results show that inhibition of AKT potentiates the efficacy of mTOR inhibition both in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model in vivo. Mechanistically, the antiproliferative effect of the pan‐AKT inhibitor MK2206 in the CCA cell line TFK‐1 was due to inhibition of AKT1 and AKT2, because knockdown of either AKT1 or AKT2, but not AKT3, showed a synergistic reduction of cell proliferation in combination with mTOR treatment. Finally, using an AKT isoform specific in vitro kinase assay, enzymatic activity of each of the three AKT isoforms was detected in all tissue samples from CCA patients, analyzed. In summary, our preclinical data suggest that combined targeting of mTOR and AKT using RAD001 and MK‐2206 might be a new, effective strategy for the treatment of CCA.
Toward a New Sociology of Curriculum.

Anthony Giddons, the English sociologist, once remarked that those who are waiting for a Newton of the social sciences "are not only waiting for a train that won't arrive, they're in the wrong station alto gether. "1 Giddons' remark could very well have set the stage for one of the most interesting and urgent debates now taking place in the curriculum field in the United States. At the heart of this debate is the question of whether the curriculum field can continue to pattern itself after the model of the natural sciences. It is not simply that the curriculum field suffers from serious misconceptions regarding its mode of reasoning and methodology. What is at stake is more than a con ceptual problem. The real issue centers on whether the field is moribund, both politically and ethically. Put another way, is the curriculum field in a state of arrest, incapable of developing either emancipatory intentions or new curricular possibilities? 2 Debate of this sort is not new to the curriculum field. Questions concerning the role that schools and curriculum play in reproducing the values and atti tudes necessary for the maintenance of the dominant society have been raised by educators since the turn of the century. What is new is the scope as well as the nature of some of the questions being raised. This should not suggest that a new school or paradigm has appeared in the field. Such an assumption would be both misleading and inaccurate. It would be mislead ing because those who make up what I will label as the new sociology of curriculum movement represent many critical strands and traditions. It would be in accurate to call such a movement a paradigm because it would oversimplify its varied members' relatedness and depth of commitment to a new world view, one that speaks to a unifying set of assumptions and
The Comorbidity of Anxiety and Depression

Objective: This study explored the effect of comohid anxiety disorders in patients admitted to an inpatient specialist Mood Disorders Unit for the treatment of a primary major depressive episode. Method: Subjects were assessed on admission and discharge. DSM-Ill-R diagnoses for major depression and anxiety disorders were established using CIDI-Auto; cornorbid anxiety disorders were coexistent in time with the major depression, with both conditions meeting diagnostic criteria at the time of assessment. Severity of illness was assessed using the Hamilton DepressiodMelancholia Scale, the revised Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the revised Beck Depression Inventory. Results: For the analysis, the study cohort was divided into three groups: depression alone (n = 33), one comorbid anxiety disorder (n = 15), and two or more comorbid anxiety disorders (n = 24). No particular anxiety disorder predominated. Interestingly, the presence or absence of comorbid anxiety with severe major depression made no significant difference to treatment choice or outcome results. Specifically, there was no significant difference between the three groups in the utilisation of electroconvulsive therapy and pharmacotherapy (including antidepres-sants, benzodiazepines and neuroleptics); all subjects improved significantly on both depression and anxiety ratings, and length of inpatient stay did not vary significantly between the three groups. Conclusions: The existence of comorbid anxiety disorders in those patients who presented for treatment of a primary major depressive episode did not significantly effect choice of treatment or treatment outcome, suggesting that there is a close interrelationship between the two conditions.
On Rational Cubic Residues

In 1958 E. Lehmer found an explicit description of those primes p for which a given prime q is a cubic residue. Her result states that if one writes 4p = L 2 + 27M 2 , then q is a cubic residue if and only if M/L (t 2 1)/(t 3 9t) mod q for some integer t. Recently, Z. Sun has stated a similar result for cubic nonresidues which follows from several corollaries appearing in an earlier paper of his. In this paper we provide an independent, self-contained development of an equivalent result. In particular, we describe a family g (t) of rational functions involving cubic polynomials that play an analogous role to the function (t 2 1)/(t 3 9t) appearing in Lehmer’s theorem.
Hemin decreases cardiac oxidative stress and fibrosis in a rat model of systemic hypertension via PI3K/Akt signalling.

AIMS Angiotensin II induces cardiac myocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy, which contribute to heart failure, possibly through enhanced oxidative stress. The aim of this work was to assess the impact of hemin (heme oxygenase-1 inducer) on NADPH oxidase activation, cardiac oxidative stress, and development of fibrosis in a rat model of renovascular hypertensive cardiomyopathy in comparison to an anti-hypertensive reference treatment with losartan. METHODS AND RESULTS A 3 week hemin treatment was tested in an angiotensin II-dependent hypertensive rat model and a cellular model of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes stimulated by angiotensin II. Our findings demonstrate that hemin prevented development of intercellular fibrosis, expression of collagen I, and disorganization of intracellular fibres. Oxidative stress and apoptosis evaluated in hypertensive myocardial tissue were decreased by hemin. The reference treatment with the angiotensin II receptor (AT(1)) antagonist (losartan) was less effective than hemin in prevention of fibrosis and oxidative stress, although it was more effective in reducing hypertension. Rac-1 activation and, subsequently, NADPH oxidase activity were further decreased with hemin than with losartan. Hemin enhanced the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) p85 regulatory subunit, in contrast to losartan. The PI3K/Akt signalling pathway activation by hemin was related to heme oxygenase-1 activation and an increase in biliverdin reductase, and its inhibition by LY294002 reversed the effects of hemin on collagen I and caspase-3 expression. Finally, hemin increased Akt activation, and concomitantly decreased RhoA and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. CONCLUSION We confirmed a positive effect of hemin on oxidative cardiac damage, apoptosis, and fibrosis induced by hypertension by modulating the NADPH oxidase activation through enhanced expression of the PI3K p85 regulatory subunit.
The relationship between cost management knowledge and budgetary participation with managers’ performance

Management control systems are applied tools that may be useful to align managers’ personal interests concerning organizational goals. In this context, corporate budgets are used as an organizational control tool and, historically, research reveals that their use, associated with other tools such as those referring to management and budgeting, may contribute to managers’ individual performance and, globally, to organizational performance itself. However, subjective and behavioral phenomena may also affect the organizational environment; thus, it is appropriate to investigate the effect of control tools on the behavior of individuals. This paper is based on the work of Agbejule and Saarikoski (2006), and it aims to investigate the relationship between cost management knowledge and budgetary participation with the performance of managers. The survey is descriptive as to its goal and to procedures such as surveys, and quantitative as to the approach taken to approaching the problem. The sample consists of hierarchical middle-level managers working in organizations located in Southern Brazil. Survey data was analyzed with Regression and Factor Analysis statistical methods, using 18.0 version SPSS software. Results indicate that there is an influence of cost management knowledge and budgetary participation on managers’ performance, but only for factors considered collective managerial performance. Keywords: Cost management knowledge. Managerial performance. Budgetary participation.
Separation of tea polyphenols on paper chromatograms.

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A Simplified Wavelength Reuse and Dispersion Tolerance Scheme for Radio-Over-Fiber System

We experimentally demonstrated a novel radio-over-fiber (ROF) architecture. In this architecture, two lightwaves were generated by using optical carrier suppression. Only one lightwave carried differential phase-shift-keying (DPSK) modulation downstream signals, and another lightwave carried the upstream OOK signal after it was delivered to the base station. The experiment results show 0.5 dB power penalty for 2.5Gibt/s DPSK downlink signal and penalty free for 2.5Gbit/s uplink data after 20 km fiber transmission.
Smuggling Illegal versus Legal Goods across the U.S.‐Mexico Border: A Structural Equations Model Approach

We study the smuggling of illegal and legal goods across the U.S.-Mexico border from 1975 to 2004. Using a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model we test the microeconomic determinants of both smuggling types and reveal their trends. We find that illegal goods smuggling decreased from $116 billion in 1984 to $27 billion in 2004 as a result of improved labor market conditions in Mexico and intensified U.S. border enforcement. Smuggling legal goods is motivated by tax and tariff evasion. While export misinvoicing fluctuated at low levels, import misinvoicing switched from underinvoicing to overinvoicing after Mexico’s accession to the GATT and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) induced lower tariffs.
Exchange Rate Pass-Through to Import Prices, Inflation and Monetary Policy in Nigeria

The study investigates the impact of Exchange Rate Pass-through (ERPT) to import prices, Inflation, and monetary policy in Nigeria. Secondary data were used. The data covered the period of 1986-2012. Annual data on Nominal Effective Exchange Rate Index (NEER), Import Prices (IMP), Interest Rate (ITR), Money Supply (MS) and Inflation (INF) were sourced from the publication of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Oil Price Index (OPI) were sourced from the World Development Indicators (WDI) published by the World Bank. The study applied Six-Variable VAR Model to estimate the Impulse Response Function (IRFs) and Variance Decomposition (VDCs). Based on SVAR analysis the study found that ERPT in Nigeria during the period under review is moderate, significant and persistent in the case of import prices and low and short lived in the case of inflation. The fact is that, ERPT was found to be incomplete and has useful implication to policymakers, especially in the design and implementation of exchange rate and monetary policy. Thus policy makers should take into account the incomplete response of import prices when they decide to devalue the currency so as to improve trade balance irrespective of several other factors which might determine the effectiveness of exchange rate policy (such as supply factors, elasticity of foreign and domestic demand, availability of substitutes etc ). To achieve this, the increased role of CBN will definitely require a carefully developed monetary policy and a strengthening of its institutional capacity.
The green dividend of urban biking? Evidence of improved community and sustainable development

As the cost of car ownership has skyrocketed, urban biking has experienced the largest share increase of any transportation mode, rising by 40% between the years 2000 and 2014. Growing attention is being paid to the potential local economic development impacts of urban neighbourhoods becoming more bike-friendly. It is now a green economic development strategy in cities as diverse as Chicago, New York City, Portland, and San Francisco to increase bicycling as a transportation mode. This paper reports the results of a survey of 2032 responses from faculty, staff, and students of a car-dependent, downtown university. We use a mixed methods approach, including data from the American Community Survey, to support our arguments and to inform potential savings and economic benefit calculations that can be achieved from bicycle infrastructure investments and anticipated redistributed spending patterns. We argue that urban biking results in a green dividend that promotes local community development and more importantly results in zero carbon emissions.
A nuclear norm minimization approach to system identification with finite word-length data

This paper provides a nuclear norm minimization approach to an identification of linear systems with finite word-length data. Measurement data sampled from low resolution sensors are sequence of a few bit data and have large quantization errors, which deteriorate the identification accuracy. In this paper, the identification problem is formulated as a rank minimization problem, and the nuclear norm heuristic is introduced to estimate the model order and precise values of finite word-length data. An iterative algorithm is proposed based on the weighted nuclear norm minimization and its semidefinite programming formulation. Numerical examples demonstrate that we can estimate both the model order and parameters and show the effectiveness of the proposed method.