Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic phenomena in organic semiconductors: fundamentals and implications for photovoltaics

This review summarizes the current understanding of electrostatic phenomena in ordered and disordered organic semiconductors, outlines numerical schemes developed for quantitative evaluation of electrostatic and induction contributions to ionization potentials and electron affinities of organic molecules in a solid state, and illustrates two applications of these techniques: interpretation of photoelectron spectroscopy of thin films and energetics of heterointerfaces in organic solar cells.
Chodatodesmus australis sp. nov. (Scenedesmaceae, Chlorophyta) from Antarctica, with the emended description of the genus Chodatodesmus, and circumscription of Flechtneria rotunda gen. et sp. nov.

The family Scenedesmaceae is a taxonomically complicated group due to its simple morphology, high phenotypic plasticity, and the presence of cryptic taxa. Over the years several taxonomic revisions, based on molecular data, affected the family. Here, we describe a new scenedesmacean species from Antarctica, Chodatodesmus australis, based on phylogenetic analyses of data from nuclear (ITS2 spacer, 18S rDNA), and plastid (rbcL, tufA) markers. Morphological (LM and SEM) and ultrastructural (TEM) observations, carried out both on the holotype of C. australis and on the generitype of Chodatodesmus, allow us to emend the original generic description of this genus. Our molecular and phylogenetic data also reveal the existence of a new monotypic genus, Flechtneria, inside the family Scenedesmaceae and lead to the taxonomic reassignment of some microalgal strains available in International Culture Collections to new taxa. Of the considered genomic regions, the tufA gene was the easiest to amplify and sequence and it showed the highest phylogenetic signal, even if the number of sequences already available for this marker in the public databases was considerably lower than for the other chosen loci. The rbcL gene also provided good phylogenetic signal, but its amplification and sequencing were generally more problematic. The nuclear markers gave lower phylogenetic signals, but the 18S rDNA allowed distinction at the genus level and the ITS2 spacer had the advantage that secondary structures could be considered in the analyses. The use of more than one molecular locus is suggested to obtain reliable results in the characterization of scenedesmacean strains.
The early history of infectious bronchitis.

Two years later, Bushnell and Brandly (3) reported on an essentially identical disease. They established that the causative agent was a filterable virus because the disease could be transmitted by Berkefeld-filtered material. Because the symptoms of respiratory distress were caused by a filterable virus, Bushnell and Brandly regarded the disease as a form of infectious laryngotracheitis (LT). Further critical tests were not made to confirm this identity. Bushnell and Brandly's report (3) was considered by most later research workers in avian respiratory diseases to actually describe further outbreaks of infectious bronchitis (IB). It was not until much later that the possibility could be considered that some or all of their cases could really have been cases of the mild or lowvirulence type of LT described by Cover and Benton (4). A further source of confusion was that, in the 1930s, the name infectious bronchitis was used in some papers actually describing LT. This confusion was cleared up a few years later by Beach and Schalm (1), who proved by cross-immunity studies in chickens that IB virus was distinct from infectious LT virus and
Treatment of Oncological Post-surgical Wound Dehiscence with Autologous Skin Micrografts.

BACKGROUND/AIM The closure of postoperative wounds is essential in order to prevent surgical site infections or wound dehiscence, mainly in oncological patients. We aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of autologous micrografts in the management of wound dehiscence in an oncology patient undergoing decompressive spinal laminectomy. CASE REPORT A 57-year-old man with IgG multiple myeloma and medullary plasmocytoma C7-T3, was to undergo decompressive spinal laminectomy and vertebral fixation leading to a wound dehiscence with exposed instrumentation. Autologous micrografts were obtained by Rigenera protocol and directly applied to the dehisced wound. After 60 days of negative pressure wound therapy, we observed reduction of the diameter and depth of wound dehiscence, with a coverage of instrumentation, without complete re-epithelialization, that instead was reached by application of autologous micrografts after 70 days. CONCLUSION The Rigenera protocol may be the solution for complex wounds in oncological and immune-compromised patients where other treatments are contraindicated.
Different methods of expressing change in renal function and different baseline serum creatinine estimation methods reported in the literature

Ascertainment and Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury Varies with Definition Interpretation Michael Zappitelli,* Chirag R. Parikh, Ayse Akcan-Arikan,* Kimberley K. Washburn,* Brady S. Moffett, and Stuart L. Goldstein* *Department of Pediatrics, Renal Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Department of Pharmacy, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
Effect of pathological heterogeneity on shear wave elasticity imaging in the staging of deep venous thrombosis

Background We aimed to observe the relationship between the pathological components of a deep venous thrombus (DVT), which was divided into three parts, and the findings on quantitative ultrasonic shear wave elastography (SWE) to increase the accuracy of thrombus staging in a rabbit model. Methods A flow stenosis-induced vein thrombosis model was used, and the thrombus was divided into three parts (head, body and tail), which were associated with corresponding observation points. Elasticity was quantified in vivo using SWE over a 2-week period. A quantitative pathologic image analysis (QPIA) was performed to obtain the relative percentages of the components of the main clots. Results DVT maturity occurred at 2 weeks, and the elasticity of the whole thrombus and the three parts (head, body and tail) showed an increasing trend, with the Young's modulus values varying from 2.36 ± 0.41 kPa to 13.24 ± 1.71 kPa; 2.01 ± 0.28 kPa to 13.29 ± 1.48 kPa; 3.27 ± 0.57 kPa to 15.91 ± 2.05 kPa; and 1.79 ± 0.36 kPa to 10.51 ± 1.61 kPa, respectively. Significant increases occurred on different days for the different parts: the head showed significant increases on days 4 and 6; the body showed significant increases on days 4 and 7; and the tail showed significant increases on days 3 and 6. The QPIA showed that the thrombus composition changed dynamically as the thrombus matured, with the fibrin and calcium salt deposition gradually increasing and the red blood cells (RBCs) and platelet trabecula gradually decreasing. Significant changes were observed on days 4 and 7, which may represent the transition points for acute, sub-acute and chronic thrombi. Significant heterogeneity was observed between and within the thrombi. Conclusions Variations in the thrombus components were generally consistent between the SWE and QPIA. Days 4 and 7 after thrombus induction may represent the transition points for acute, sub-acute and chronic thrombi in rabbit models. A dynamic examination of the same part of the thrombus may be helpful for improving the sensitivity and reproducibility of SWE for DVT diagnosis and staging.
Estudios de simulación del ecosistema ruminal en sistemas in vitro: aspectos metodológicos

Los objetivos del presente trabajo de Tesis Doctoral fueron: 1) Analizar la evolucion temporal de los parametros fermentativos y las comunidades de protozoos en fermentadores Rusitec. 2) Analizar los efectos de cambios en el ritmo de dilucion y tiempos de retencion del concentrado sobre los parametros fermentativos y la sintesis de proteina microbiana en fermentadores Rusitec. 3) Comparar distintos metodos habitualmente utilizados para el desligamiento de las bacterias asociadas a la fase solida de la digesta en fermentadores Rusitec, con el fin de establecer cual resulta mas adecuado para la determinacion de la sintesis de proteina microbiana. 4) Evaluar la capacidad de los fermentadores Rusitec para simular la fermentacion ruminal del ganado ovino y mantener comunidades microbianas ruminales representativas de las observadas in vivo. 5) Analizar el efecto de la dieta de los animales donantes de liquido ruminal sobre la fermentacion ruminal y la produccion de metano en cultivos discontinuos de microorganismos ruminales
Draft Genome Sequences of Pseudomonas fluorescens BS2 and Pusillimonas noertemannii BS8, Soil Bacteria That Cooperate To Degrade the Poly-γ-d-Glutamic Acid Anthrax Capsule

ABSTRACT A mixed culture of Pseudomonas fluorescens BS2 and Pusillimonas noertemannii BS8 degraded poly-γ-d-glutamic acid; when the 2 strains were cultured separately, no hydrolytic activity was apparent. Here we report the draft genome sequences of both soil isolates.
Intracoronary brachytherapy

Patients presenting with in‐stent restenosis have an increased risk of need for repeat intervention. Intracoronary brachytherapy is indicated for these patients to prevent recurrent in‐stent restenosis. Three intravascular brachytherapy systems are currently FDA‐approved for use in patients: one utilizing gamma‐radiation (Cordis) and two using beta‐radiation (Novoste and Guidant). Current evidence and labeling do not support using intracoronary brachytherapy for prevention of restenosis in de novo lesions. Brachytherapy is absolutely contraindicated in patients unable to take prolonged combination antiplatelet drugs. Aspirin and a thienopyridine should be taken for 6 months if no new stent is placed and 12 months if a new stent is placed. If possible, new stent implementation should be avoided. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:281–288. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A High Performance Gigabit Ethernet Messaging Method for PVFS

Parallel File Systems like PVFS2 are a necessary component for high-performance computing. The design of efficient communication layers for these systems is still of great research interest. This paper presents a low-latency messaging method for PVFS2 dedicated for Gigabit Ethernet networks and discusses relevant design issues. In contrast to other approaches, we argue that zero-copying can be achieved also for big messages without use of a rendezvous protocol. Further, efficiency within the communication layer like a small call stack plays an important role.
Accurate Temperature Measurements of DMOS Power Transistors up to Thermal Runaway by Small Embedded Sensors

Intrinsic device temperature is one of the most important limits of the safe operating area and of the reliability of power double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor (DMOS) transistors. Therefore, precise knowledge of the temperatures throughout the device, up to the onset of thermal runaway is required. However, standard methods that measure the surface temperature, such as infrared thermography, usually cannot be applied to most advanced power technologies. Therefore, we propose to embed very small temperature sensors within the active DMOS cell array itself. These sensors are located very close to the heat-generating regions, having a tight thermal coupling, thus giving an accurate measurement of the intrinsic device temperature. Moreover, due to their small size, many sensors can be integrated into a power DMOS for a good spatial resolution. The sensors have been implemented in a smart power production technology. Calibration and verification up to 600 °C, as well as further validation up to 400 °C, by comparison to transient interferometric mapping measurements are discussed. The usefulness of the sensors is demonstrated by characterization of the thermal runaway, by measurements with a high spatial resolution achieved by 60 sensors in conjunction with an on-chip multiplexer, and by an assessment of the peak temperature reduction that can be obtained by using thick power metal layers for increased heat capacitance.
Hyperspectral classification using stacked autoencoders with deep learning

In this study, stacked autoencoders which are widely utilized in deep learning research are applied to remote sensing domain for hyperspectral classification. High dimensional hyperspectral data is an excellent candidate for deep learning methods. However, there are no works in literature that focuses on such deep learning approaches for hyperspectral imagery. This study aims to fill this gap by utilizing stacked autoencoders. Experiments are conducted on the Pavia University scene. Using stacked autoencoders, intrinsic representations of the data are learned in an unsupervised way. Using labeled data, these representations are fine tuned. Then, using a soft-max activation function, hyperspectral classification is done. Parameter optimization of Stacked Autoencoders (SAE) is done with extensive experiments. Results are competitive with the state-of-the-art techniques.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is an uncommon lesion of unknown cause. It encompasses a spectrum of myofibroblastic proliferation along with varying amount of inflammatory infiltrate. A number of terms have been applied to the lesion, namely, inflammatory pseudotumor, fibrous xanthoma, plasma cell granuloma, pseudosarcoma, lymphoid hamartoma, myxoid hamartoma, inflammatory myofibrohistiocytic proliferation, benign myofibroblatoma, and most recently, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. The diverse nomenclature is mostly descriptive and reflects the uncertainty regarding true biologic nature of these lesions. Recently, the concept of this lesion being reactive has been challenged based on the clinical demonstration of recurrences and metastasis and cytogenetic evidence of acquired clonal chromosomal abnormalities. We hereby report a case of inflammatory pseudotumor and review its inflammatory versus neoplastic behavior.
Controlling Ambipolar Current in Tunneling FETs Using Overlapping Gate-on-Drain

In this paper, we have demonstrated that overlapping the gate on the drain can suppress the ambipolar conduction, which is an inherent property of a tunnel field effect transistor (TFET). Unlike in the conventional TFET where the gate controls the tunneling barrier width at both source-channel and channel-drain interfaces for different polarity of gate voltage, overlapping the gate on the drain limits the gate to control only the tunneling barrier width at the source-channel interface irrespective of the polarity of the gate voltage. As a result, the proposed overlapping gate-on-drain TFET exhibits suppressed ambipolar conduction even when the drain doping is as high as 1 × 1019 cm-3.
Hearing Disability Measured by the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale in Clinically Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Middle-Aged Persons, and Disability Screening by Means of a Reduced SSQ (the SSQ5)

Objectives: The goals of the present study were twofold: in the first part, the prevalence and profile of hearing disability in healthy, middle-aged persons were determined by the speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale (SSQ). In the second part of this study, the number of SSQ items was reduced to five to make this questionnaire available for routine usage in clinical settings and for screening purposes. Methods: SSQ responses derived from 103 normal-hearing 18- to 25-year-old persons were compared with the SSQ responses of 24 clinically normal-hearing (all thresholds between 125 and 8000 Hz ⩽25 dB HL) and 109 healthy, 55- to 65-year-old persons with age-related hearing impairment to determine the prevalence and profile of hearing disability. The 45 items of the SSQ were reduced to five by cluster analyses and binary logistic regression analyses. The robustness of this five-item version (SSQ5) was determined in three control populations: an adult 25- to 55-year-old population (n = 159), an ENT-patient population (n = 60), and a population of hearing aid candidates (n = 50). The feasibility of the SSQ5 for screening was compared with the feasibility of the simple question “Do you have hearing loss? ” by determining, respectively, the sensitivity, specificity, and maximum achievable discriminatory power for predicting hearing status according to speech-in-noise performance. Results: Prevalence numbers showed data of healthy, middle-aged persons with significant disability, despite minimal impairment (25%) versus data of middle-aged persons with significant impairment and nevertheless, minimal disability (61%). The profile of hearing disability seemed similar in all normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subgroups (i.e., most problems with understanding speech especially in noise conditions, and least problems with sound quality). Compared with the single question: “Do you have hearing loss? ” the use of the SSQ5 had 37% more maximum discriminatory power for determining hearing status category based on speech-in-noise performance in 55- to 65-year-old persons. In addition, the SSQ5 seemed robust in adult populations of different ages (89.6% correlation between the answers of the SSQ5 and SSQ45), as well as in ENT-patient populations (93.7% correlation) and hearing aid candidate populations (79.2% correlation). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that disability measures and measures for hearing impairment cannot replace each other, but are complementary. Therefore, it is advised to implement both disability measures and impairment measures in screening and referral policies for hearing loss. To get a first impression of hearing disability, our results suggest that it is useful to ask five disability questions (SSQ5) instead of one general question like “Do you have hearing loss? ”
Accuracy of store-and-forward diagnosis in leprosy

Summary Telemedicine might increase the speed of diagnosis for leprosy and reduce the development of disabilities. We compared the accuracy of diagnosis made by telemedicine with that made by in-person examination. The cases were patients with suspected leprosy at eight public health clinics in outlying areas of the city of São Paulo. The case history and clinical examination data, and at least two clinical images for each patient, were stored in a web-based system developed for teledermatology. After the examination in the public clinic, patients then attended a teaching hospital for an in-person examination. The benchmark was the clinical examination of two dermatologists at the university hospital. From August 2005 to April 2006, 142 suspected cases of leprosy were forwarded to the website by the doctors at the clinics. Of these, 36 cases were excluded. There was overall agreement in the diagnosis of leprosy in 74% of the 106 remaining cases. The sensitivity was 78% and the specificity was 31%. Although the specificity was low, the study suggests that telemedicine may be a useful low-cost method for obtaining second opinions in programmes to control leprosy.
ompU genes in non‐toxigenic Vibrio cholerae associated with aquaculture

Aims: The study was undertaken with the objective of understanding the virulence‐associated genes of the CTX and TCP gene clusters in environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae, an important human pathogen, isolated from the aquaculture environment. The involvement of the ompU gene in conferring bile resistance in these isolates was also evaluated.
Performance evaluation of multi-sensor classification systems

A common problem in classification is to use one/more sensors to observe repeated measurements of a target's features/attributes, and in turn update the targets' posterior classification probabilities to aid in target identification. This paper addresses the following questions: 1. How do we quantify the classification performance of a sensor? 2. What happens to the posterior probabilities as the number of measurements increase? 3. Will the targets be classified correctly? While the Kalman filter allows for off-line estimation of kinematic performance (covariance matrix), a comparable approach for studying classification accuracy has not been done previously. We develop a new analytical approach for computing the long-run classification performance of a sensor and also present recursive formulas for efficient calculation of the same. We show that, under a minimal condition, a sensor will eventually classify all targets perfectly. We also develop a methodology for evaluating the classification performance of multi-sensor fusion systems involving sensors of varying quality. The contributions of this paper are 1. A simple metric to quantify a sensor's ability to discriminate between the targets being identified, and its use in comparing multiple sensors, 2. An approximate formula based on this metric to compute off-line estimates of the rate of convergence toward perfect classification, and the number of measurements required to achieve a desired level of classification accuracy, and 3. The use of this metric to evaluate classification performance of multi-sensor fusion systems.
Advancing therapy for hypercholesterolemia

Importance of the field: Hypercholesterolemia holds a key role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and is a causative factor of coronary artery disease. Current guidelines for cholesterol treatment target low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) as the primary goal of therapy. Despite advances in the pharmacotherapy of atherosclerosis, the most successful agents used to treat this disease – HMG CoA reductase inhibitors – remain ineffective for the primary or secondary prevention of myocardial infarction in 50 – 60% of patients. Advancing therapy for hypercholesterolemia with new-emerging drugs either as monotherapy or in combination will hopefully improve cardiovascular outcomes. Areas covered in this review: The two major sources of cholesterol in the human body are: i) biosynthesis of cholesterol by the liver; and ii) absorption by the intestines. Both play a pivotal role in the overall balance of cholesterol. A recent and more effective therapeutic strategy is to treat both sources of cholesterol simultaneously with a complementary mechanism of action. The present article presents cholesterol metabolism and reviews new emerging lipid-lowering drugs and therapies that: i) lower LDL-C; ii) lower triglycerides; and iii) increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. What the reader will gain: This review summarizes the pivotal role of both the liver and intestine in the overall balance of cholesterol in the body and describe the clinical impact and relevance of using new emerging lipid-lowering drugs either alone or co-administered with statins in controlling cholesterol levels. Take-home message: An elevated concentration of LDL-C plays a causal role in the development of cardiovascular disease. The new aggressive cholesterol treatment goals call for a more advanced therapeutic approach to maximize the cardiovascular benefits associated with lower LDL-C levels.