Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An ensemble approach for text document clustering using Wikipedia concepts

Most text clustering algorithms represent a corpus as a document-term matrix in the bag of words model. The feature values are computed based on term frequencies in documents and no semantic relatedness between terms is considered. Therefore, two semantically similar documents may sit in different clusters if they do not share any terms. One solution to this problem is to enrich the document representation using an external resource like Wikipedia. We propose a new way to integrate Wikipedia concepts in partitional text document clustering in this work. A text corpus is first represented as a document-term matrix and a document-concept matrix. Terms that exist in the corpus are then clustered based on the document-term representation. Given the term clusters, we propose two methods, one based on the document-term representation and the other one based on the document-concept representation, to find two sets of seed documents. The two sets are then used in our text clustering algorithm in an ensemble approach to cluster documents. The experimental results show that even though the document-concept representations do not result in good document clusters per se, integrating them in our ensemble approach improves the quality of document clusters significantly.
haracterization of the hemodynamic response in the rat lumbar spinal cord sing intrinsic optical imaging and laser speckle

Quantifying spinal cord functions is crucial for understanding neurophysiological mechanisms governing the intact and the injured spinal cord. Intrinsic optical imaging (IOI) and laser speckle provides measures of deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) and oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) concentrations, blood volume (BV) and blood flow (BF) at high spatial and temporal resolution. In this study we used IOI and laser speckle to characterize the hemodynamic response to neuronal activation in the lumbar spinal cord of anaesthetized rats (N = 9). We report consistent temporal variations of HbR, HbO2, BV and BF located ipsilaterally at ntrinsic optical imaging aser speckle at pinal cord lood flow lood oxygenation L3–L5. Responses were significantly higher when stimulation intensity was increased. Vascular changes extended several millimetres from the epicenter, supporting the venous drainage observed in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. emodynamic response function eurovascular coupling
A Multiprocessor Memory Processor for Efficient Sharing And Access Coordination

The growing disparity between instruction issue rates and memory access speed impacts multiprocessors especially hard under certain circumstances. To alleviate the problem a system is described here in which smart memory chips can execute simple operations so that certain tasks can be completed with less contention, fewer messages, or by avoiding synchronization that would otherwise be necessary. These operations, issued in only a few cycles by a CPU, direct the memory to read, modify, and write a memory location. Tag values can be used to delay completion of an operation until the needed tag value is set. Operations can have multiple steps, and can be sent between memories to complete. A completion counter at the issuing CPU can be used to wait until in-progress operations have completed. Demonstrating their usefulness, execution-driven simulation of such systems shows speedup of well over two times on code fragments chosen for their suitability. The radix sorting program from the SPLASH-2 benchmark shows over 29% reduction in execution time.
Evolution of the ASF Infection Stage in Wild Boar Within the EU (2014–2018)

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important emerging transboundary diseases of pigs, causing trade restrictions, and a health impact on susceptible pigs. Nine countries in the continental European Union (Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Belgium, Romania, and Hungary) have been affected by ASF from 2014 to 2018 and it keeps spreading despite the efforts to control it. For a number of years, we have witnessed high case-fatality rates in wild boar found dead particularly in new infected areas, which is typical of the peracute and acute forms of the infection at the beginning of an ASF epidemic. Experimental evidence with currently circulating strains indicates that some infected animals can remain asymptomatic and might even survive the infection. An increased presence of virus of moderate virulence can complicate ASF diagnosis as well as the mitigation and control of the disease. We analyze the ASF surveillance data in wild boar in the four EU countries where ASF has been present for longer, comparing the spatial density of antibody positive notifications with the time ASF has been present per region. Results indicate an increasing annual distribution of notifications based on antibodies over nucleic acid detection in hunted wild boar in Estonia, Latvia and Poland. Potentially, Lithuania, and Poland seem to have experienced more acute forms in 2017 and 2018 than Latvia and Estonia. Overall there was a positive statistical correlation between time with infection (TWI) and antibody positive density, with some variations in certain regions, particularly of Lithuania and Estonia. The increasing trend in potential survivors (hunted wild boar with confirmed PCR negative and antibody positive results) enhances the importance of surveillance design to sample and test shot wild boar. In conclusion, surveillance data based on ASFV detection by PCR and serology can be used to assess the status of the epidemic in wild boar.
A Third Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Expressed by Cholinergic and Serotoninergic Neurons

Two proteins previously known as Na+-dependent phosphate transporters have been identified recently as vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1 and VGLUT2). Together, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 are operating at most central glutamatergic synapses. In this study, we characterized a third vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT3), highly homologous to VGLUT1 and VGLUT2. Vesicles isolated from endocrine cells expressing recombinant VGLUT3 accumulated l-glutamate with bioenergetic and pharmacological characteristics similar, but not identical, to those displayed by the type-1 and type-2 isoforms. Interestingly, the distribution of VGLUT3 mRNA was restricted to a small number of neurons scattered in the striatum, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and raphe nuclei, in contrast to VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 transcripts, which are massively expressed in cortical and deep structures of the brain, respectively. At the ultrastructural level, VGLUT3 immunoreactivity was concentrated over synaptic vesicle clusters present in nerve endings forming asymmetrical as well as symmetrical synapses. Finally, VGLUT3-positive neurons of the striatum and raphe nuclei were shown to coexpress acetylcholine and serotonin transporters, respectively. Our study reveals a novel class of glutamatergic nerve terminals and suggests that cholinergic striatal interneurons and serotoninergic neurons from the brainstem may store and release glutamate.
Soziale Desintegration und Bindungsstil als Determinanten von Fremdenfeindlichkeit / Social Disintegration and Attachment Style as Determinants of Xenophobia

Zusammenfassung Die Fragestellung des Beitrags lautet, ob und inwieweit fremdenfeindliche Einstellungen in Deutschland auf Merkmale der Person und auf Merkmale individueller sozialer Situationen zurückführbar sind. Hierzu werden bei 1779 Personen Bindungsstile als personenbezogene und soziale Desintegration als sozialstrukturelle Größe in ihrer Auswirkung auf Fremdenfeindlichkeit untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass Bindungsstile als Prädispositionen für das Auftreten von sozialer Desintegration betrachtet werden können, die ihrerseits das Ausmaß an Fremdenfeindlichkeit determiniert: Ein sicherer Bindungsstil senkt das Ausmaß an sozialer Desintegration und darüber vermittelt die Intensität fremdenfeindlicher Einstellungen. Ein unsicherer Bindungsstil führt zu einem Anstieg an sozialer Desintegration und Fremdenfeindlichkeit. Eine Betrachtung der Bindungsstilskalen „Angst“ und „Vermeidung“ sowie kategorialer Ausprägungen von Bindungsstilen (sicher, ängstlich-ambivalent, ängstlich-vermeidend, gleichgültig-vermeidend) konkretisiert diesen Befund. Für die ermittelte Effektstruktur sind insbesondere das Ausmaß an Vermeidung sowie ein ängstlich-vermeidender Bindungsstil relevant. Summary This paper investigates whether xenophobic attitudes in Germany are determined by personal characteristics and by individual social situations. To this end, the influence on xenophobia of attachment style as a personal characteristic and of social disintegration as a variable of the social structure is tested. The analysis of a sample of 1779 persons indicates that attachment styles can be considered as predispositions for the occurrence or not of social disintegration, which simultaneously determines the extent of xenophobia (complete mediation): a secure attachment style decreases the degree of social disintegration which then reduces the extent of xenophobic attitudes. An insecure attachment style induces an increasing degree of social disintegration and xenophobia. A consideration of the subscales “anxiety” and “avoidance” and of categorical values of attachment style (secure, anxious-preoccupied, fearful-avoidant, dismissive-avoidant) specifies this finding. The extent of avoidance and the fearful-avoidant attachment style are particularly important for the effects which we were able to identify.
Fusion of sequentially internalized vesicles in alveolar macrophages

Previously we reported that internalized ligand-receptor complexes are transported within the alveolar macrophage at a rate that is independent of the ligand and/or receptor but is dependent on the endocytic apparatus (Ward, D. M., R. S. Ajioka, and J. Kaplan. 1989. J. Biol. Chem. 264:8164-8170). To probe the mechanism of intracellular vesicle transport, we examined the ability of vesicles internalized at different times to fuse. The mixing of ligands internalized at different times was studied using the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine/horseradish peroxidase density shift technique. The ability of internalized vesicles to fuse was dependent upon their location in the endocytic pathway. When ligands were administered as tandem pulses a significant amount of mixing (20-40%) of vesicular contents was observed. The pattern of mixing was independent of the ligands employed (transferrin, mannosylated BSA, or alpha macroglobulin), the order of ligand addition, and temperature (37 degrees C or 28 degrees C). Fusion was restricted to a brief period immediately after internalization. The amount of fusion in early endosomes did not increase when cells, given tandem pulses, were chased such that the ligands further traversed the early endocytic pathway. Little fusion, also, was seen when a chase was interposed between the two ligand pulses. The temporal segregation of vesicle contents seen in early endosomes was lost within late endosomes. Extensive mixing of vesicle contents was observed in the later portion of the endocytic pathway. This portion of the pathway is defined by the absence of internalized transferrin and is composed of ligands en route to lysosomes. Incubation of cells in iso-osmotic medium in which Na+ was replaced by K+ inhibited movement of internalized ligands to the lysosome, resulting in ligand accumulation within the late endocytic pathway. The accumulation of ligand was correlated with extensive mixing of sequentially internalized ligands. Although significant amounts of ligand degradation were observed, this compartment was devoid of conventional lysosomal markers such as acid glycosidases. These results indicate changing patterns of vesicle fusion within the endocytic pathway, with a complete loss of temporal ligand segregation in a prelysosomal compartment.
Mouse model of endemic Burkitt translocations reveals the long-range boundaries of Ig-mediated oncogene deregulation

Human Burkitt lymphomas are divided into two main clinical variants: the endemic form, affecting African children infected with malaria and the Epstein-Barr virus, and the sporadic form, distributed across the rest of the world. However, whereas sporadic translocations decapitate Myc from 5′ proximal regulatory elements, most endemic events occur hundreds of kilobases away from Myc. The origin of these rearrangements and how they deregulate oncogenes at such distances remain unclear. We here recapitulate endemic Burkitt lymphoma-like translocations in plasmacytomas from uracil N-glycosylase and activation-induced cytidine deaminase-deficient mice. Mapping of translocation breakpoints using an acetylated histone H3 lysine 9 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing approach reveals Igh fusions up to ∼350 kb upstream of Myc or the related oncogene Mycn. A comprehensive analysis of epigenetic marks, PolII recruitment, and transcription in tumor cells demonstrates that the 3′ Igh enhancer (Eα) vastly remodels ∼450 kb of chromatin into translocated sequences, leading to significant polymerase occupancy and constitutive oncogene expression. We show that this long-range epigenetic reprogramming is directly proportional to the physical interaction of Eα with translocated sites. Our studies thus uncover the extent of epigenetic remodeling by Ig 3′ enhancers and provide a rationale for the long-range deregulation of translocated oncogenes in endemic Burkitt lymphomas. The data also shed light on the origin of endemic-like chromosomal rearrangements.
Afterhyperpolarization conductance time course in lumbar motoneurones of the cat.

The time and potential dependence of the conductance process (es) underlying the longlasting afterhyperpolarization (AHP) in the cat's a-motoneurones were studied. The conductance changes were determined by injection of short current pulses. The conductance time course was characterized by a longlasting exponential decay interrupted by a plateau corresponding to the slower hypcrpolarizing phase of the AHP. By displacing the membrane potential in the subthreshold region with the injection of longlasting current pulses it was found that the conductance was largely unaffected by membrane potential displacements. Similar characteristics were found when calculating the AHP conductance time course from the AHP voltage. It was concluded that the AHP in motoneurones is given by a potassium conductance process with this complex S-shaped time course. A mathematical expression describing this time course is given.
Fibroblast growth factor-2 antagonist activity and angiostatic capacity of sulfated Escherichia coli K5 polysaccharide derivatives.

The angiogenic basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) interacts with tyrosine kinase receptors (FGFRs) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in endothelial cells. Here, we report the FGF2 antagonist and antiangiogenic activity of novel sulfated derivatives of the Escherichia coli K5 polysaccharide. K5 polysaccharide was chemically sulfated in N- and/or O-position after N-deacetylation. O-Sulfated and N,O-sulfated K5 derivatives with a low degree and a high degree of sulfation compete with heparin for binding to 125I-FGF2 with different potency. Accordingly, they abrogate the formation of the HSPG.FGF2. FGFR ternary complex, as evidenced by their capacity to prevent FGF2-mediated cell-cell attachment of FGFR1-overexpressing HSPG-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to wild-type CHO cells. They also inhibited 125I-FGF2 binding to FGFR1-overexpressing HSPG-bearing CHO cells and adult bovine aortic endothelial cells. K5 derivatives also inhibited FGF2-mediated cell proliferation in endothelial GM 7373 cells and in human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells. In all these assays, the N-sulfated K5 derivative and unmodified K5 were poorly effective. Also, highly O-sulfated and N,O-sulfated K5 derivatives prevented the sprouting of FGF2-transfected endothelial FGF2-T-MAE cells in fibrin gel and spontaneous angiogenesis in vitro on Matrigel of FGF2-T-MAE and HUVE cells. Finally, the highly N,O-sulfated K5 derivative exerted a potent antiangiogenic activity on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. These data demonstrate the possibility of generating FGF2 antagonists endowed with antiangiogenic activity by specific chemical sulfation of bacterial K5 polysaccharide. In particular, the highly N,O-sulfated K5 derivative may provide the basis for the design of novel angiostatic compounds.
The Use of Petri Nets for the Design and Verification of Asynchronous Circuits and Systems

Petri nets46,37,45,48 are a powerful formalism for modeling concurrent systems. They are capable of implicitly describing a vast state space by a succinct representation which gracefully captures the notions of causality, concurrency and conflict between events. Petri nets have also been chosen by many authors as a formalism to describe the behavior of asynchronous circuits by interpreting the events as signal transitions, thus coining the term Signal Transition Graph (STG). 50,4 A design framework for asynchronous systems involves three main aspects: formal specification, verification and synthesis. In this paper we review the main techniques we have used to cover these aspects in recent years, with a special focus on asynchronous circuits.
Depth Super-resolution by Fusing Depth Imaging and Stereo Vision with Structural Determinant Information Inference

In this paper, we present a depth super-resolution framework by fusing depth imaging and stereo vision for high-resolution and high-accuracy depth maps. Depth cameras and stereo vision have their own limitations in some aspects, but their characteristics of range sensing are complementary. Thus, combining both approaches can produce more satisfactory results than either one. Unlike previous fusion methods, we initially taking the noisy depth observation from depth camera as prior information of scene structure. The prior information of scene structure is also utilized to infer structural determinant information, like depth discontinuity and occlusion, which is essential to improve the quality of depth map in the fusion process. In succession, the prior knowledge helps to overcome difficulties of intensity inconsistency in image observation from stereo vision component. Experimental results demonstrate effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
A new softness display based on bi-elastic fabric

In this demo we show a new bi-elastic fabric-based display for rendering softness. It consists of a thin layer of bi-elastic fabric placed on the top of a hollow cylinder and tied to an external circular crown which can run outside over the cylinder. The crown can be moved upward and downward by means of a DC motor. The crown is connected to the female screw by means of four supports which slide along suitable loops. When the motor pulls down the crown, the fabric is stretched and its apparent stiffness increases. Conversely, when the motor pushes up the crown the fabric is relaxed and it feels softer. Subjects can touch the fabric and feel different levels of softness according to the stretching induced by the motor. Being the fabric deformable in a controlled way under the fingerpad, this new device is able to provide cues for a more reliable and realistic perception. During this demo the device will be controlled to provide subjects with different artificial degrees of softness.
Leveraging Existing Resources using Generalized Expectation Criteria

It is difficult to apply machine learning to many real-world tasks because there are no existing labeled instances. In one solution to this problem, a human expert provides instance labels that are used in traditional supervised or semi-supervised training. Instead, we want a solution that allows us to leverage existing resources other than complete labeled instances. We propose the use of generalized expectation (GE) criteria [8] to achieve this goal. A GE criterion is a term in a training objective function that assigns a score to values of a model expectation. In this paper, the expectations are model predicted class distributions conditioned on the presence of selected features, and the score function is the Kullback-Leibler divergence from reference distributions that are estimated using existing resources. We apply this method to the problem of named-entity-recognition, leveraging available lexicons. Using no conventionally labeled instances, we learn a sliding-window multinomial logistic regression model that obtains an F1 score of 0.692 on the CoNLL 2003 data. To attain the same accuracy a supervised classifier requires 4,000 labeled instances.
A CTOD equation based on the rigid rotational factor with the consideration of crack tip blunting due to strain hardening for SEN(B)

Crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) from national and international standards was shown to give different values. This paper investigates the feasibility of CTOD determined based on the concept of rigid rotational factor in single‐edge notched bend (SENB) specimens. Based on validated modelling methods, finite element (FE) models were simulated for crack ratios 0.3 ≤ a0/W ≤ 0.7 and yield‐to‐tensile ratio 0.44 ≤ σys/σuts ≤ 0.98. This covers cases of shallow to deeply cracked specimens and a wide range of strain hardening properties. CTOD obtained from the FE models was used as the basis of a newly implemented strain hardening corrected rotational factor, which considers the effects of crack tip blunting due to strain hardening, rp sh. An improved equation considering strain hardening was implemented based on the rp sh. The equation gives accurate estimation of CTOD from the FE models compared with the equation from BS 7448‐1, ASTM E1820, and WES 1180.
Transition from plasma to space-charge sheath near the electrode in electrical discharges

Joined solutions of quasi-neutral collisional plasma (presheath) and space-charge collisionless sheath is obtained in a hydrodynamic approximation taking into account nonzero electric field at the sheath edge. Separate calculation of these two regions is performed and the procedure for obtaining smooth solution is formulated. The procedure is based on proper selection of boundary conditions which are the ion velocity and the electric field at the plasma-sheath interface. The dependencies of the ion velocity and electric field at the interface on the Debye length to the collision mean free path ratio are calculated.
Teacher and Student Incremental and Entity Views of Intelligence: The Effect of Self-Regulation and Persistence Activities

ronmental components and characteristics. While models have been developed to explain feedback and other self-regulatory activity, factors that encourage self-regulated strategies may be a topic of interest. This study focused on the relationship between the teacher’s view of potential achievement and the student’s view. The researchers collected data from two large urban high schools located in the southern region of the United States. Self-reporting instruments were administered to English students (n = 305) in 17 classrooms. Within the teacher instrument, significant positive correlations were observed among persistence and incremental views of potential student achievement. Significant positive correlations were observed among factors including pleasing the teacher and general self-regulation contained within the student instrument. Entity views were negatively correlated with specific and general self-regulation and general and specific persistence. These findings suggest that self-regulated learning and views of intelligence may be influenced significantly by the teacher’s view of potential student achievement.