Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Druze linguistic landscape in Israel: indexicality of new ethnolinguistic identity boundaries

The Druze community in Israel is a distinct religious community currently undergoing important ethnolinguistic shifts. The government's implementation of an official policy has led to the deconstruction and reshaping of the Druze political and national identity to one that differs substantially from that of the Palestinian minority in Israel. In this study, I argue that the visibility, vitality and appreciation of Hebrew in the Druze linguistic landscape are indicative of new ethnolinguistic boundaries of the Druze identity in Israel. The fact that the Druze in Israel are dispersed throughout the Galilee and Mount Carmel area and experience varying levels of language contact as well as divergent economic relations with their Palestinian–Israeli and Jewish–Israeli neighbours, suggests that one cannot expect uniformity in the Druze linguistic markets or the processes of social, cultural and linguistic identification. This study will show that Hebrew has become a dominant component of the linguistic repertoire and social identity of the Druze in the Mount Carmel area since it has become the first choice of communication as the linguistic landscape indicates.
High-dose intracoronary adenosine for myocardial salvage in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

AIMS Previous studies have suggested that intravenous administration of adenosine improves myocardial reperfusion and reduces infarct size in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Intracoronary administration of adenosine has shown conflicting results. METHODS AND RESULTS In a prospective, single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, we assessed whether selective intracoronary administration of adenosine distal to the occlusion site immediately before initial balloon inflation results in myocardial salvage and decreased microvascular obstruction (MVO) as assessed with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using a combination of T(2)-weighted and contrast-enhanced sequences, myocardial salvage index (MSI) was defined as the percentage of the area at risk that did not become necrotic. We randomized 112 patients presenting with STEMI within 12 h from symptom onset to selective intracoronary administration of adenosine 4 mg or matching placebo. In 100/110 (91%) patients receiving study drug, MRI was performed on Days 2-3. No significant difference in MSI was found between adenosine- and placebo-treated patients: 41.3% (20.8, 66.7) vs. 47.8% (39.8, 60.9) [median (Q1, Q3)] (P = 0.52). The extent of MVO was comparable in both groups, with a trend favouring the placebo group: 2.4 g (0.0, 6.8) vs. 5.9 g (0.0, 12.8) after adenosine (P = 0.07). TIMI flow grade, TIMI frame count, myocardial blush grade, and ST-segment resolution after primary percutaneous coronary intervention were similar between groups. After 4 months, infarct size was similar in both treatment groups. CONCLUSION We found no evidence that selective high-dose intracoronary administration of adenosine distal to the occlusion site of the culprit lesion in STEMI patients results in incremental myocardial salvage or a decrease in microvascular obstruction.
Communication of social support to sexual harassment victims: Professors’ responses to a student’s narrative of unwanted sexual attention

University professors are important sources of social support for students who have been sexually harassed. However, research has not investigated how professors communicate with students who seek help in coping with this distressful problem. This study examines the types of social support provided by 96 professors in response to a student’s narrative of unwanted sexual attention, and factors that influence their support. The results show that professors provided the student with more problem solving than emotional support. Consistent with the social support model that was a foundation for the study, the types of support were associated with the sex of the professors and student, and the professors’ tolerance for sexual harassment.
Presidential Vetoes in the Early Republic

Today it is generally recognized that the presidential veto plays an important role in the legislative process. The threat, either implicit or explicit, that a president will refuse to affix his signature to legislation is believed to influence policy outcomes (McCarty and Poole 1995, Krehbiel 1998, Cameron 2000). Beyond its direct effect on policy, veto politics is also believed to play an important role in defining partisan policy conflicts for the electorate (Gilmour 1995, 2001; Groseclose and McCarty, 2000). However, the work of many historians and political scientists suggests that the veto developed these modern functions relatively late. The author of a recent study of the veto makes the following characterization:
SOPSys: Self-Organizing Decentralized Peer-to-Peer System Based on Well Balanced Multi-Way Trees

This paper proposes SOPSys, a decentralized, self-organizing peer-to-peer architecture. The overlay network is extremely scalable being organized as a well balanced multi-way tree according to the trust value of each peer. The root is only responsible for maintaining and publishing a list of existing nodes and does not take part into the joining or routing process. The joining algorithm preserves the balance of the tree, guaranteeing a reduced join and discovery cost. The number of exchanged messages for these phases is logarithmic time: O(log_k(N)), where k represents the branching factor of the overlay tree, and N represents the total number of nodes. The conducted experiments have proven that the joining algorithm assures that the overlay tree is well balanced and thus offers high scalability.
Conditional Self-Entropy and Conditional Joint Transfer Entropy in Heart Period Variability during Graded Postural Challenge

Self-entropy (SE) and transfer entropy (TE) are widely utilized in biomedical signal processing to assess the information stored into a system and transferred from a source to a destination respectively. The study proposes a more specific definition of the SE, namely the conditional SE (CSE), and a more flexible definition of the TE based on joint TE (JTE), namely the conditional JTE (CJTE), for the analysis of information dynamics in multivariate time series. In a protocol evoking a gradual sympathetic activation and vagal withdrawal proportional to the magnitude of the orthostatic stimulus, such as the graded head-up tilt, we extracted the beat-to-beat spontaneous variability of heart period (HP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and respiratory activity (R) in 19 healthy subjects and we computed SE of HP, CSE of HP given SAP and R, JTE from SAP and R to HP, CJTE from SAP and R to HP given SAP and CJTE from SAP and R to HP given R. CSE of HP given SAP and R was significantly smaller than SE of HP and increased progressively with the amplitude of the stimulus, thus suggesting that dynamics internal to HP and unrelated to SAP and R, possibly linked to sympathetic activation evoked by head-up tilt, might play a role during the orthostatic challenge. While JTE from SAP and R to HP was independent of tilt table angle, CJTE from SAP and R to HP given R and from SAP and R to HP given SAP showed opposite trends with tilt table inclination, thus suggesting that the importance of the cardiac baroreflex increases and the relevance of the cardiopulmonary pathway decreases during head-up tilt. The study demonstrates the high specificity of CSE and the high flexibility of CJTE over real data and proves that they are particularly helpful in disentangling physiological mechanisms and in assessing their different contributions to the overall cardiovascular regulation.
Psychological Benefits of Participation in Three-dimensional Virtual Worlds for Individuals with Real-world Disabilities

One hundred and ninety-six individuals with real-world disabilities were administered a battery of psychological adjustment measures soon after joining the three-dimensional virtual world of Second Life®. After three months, 61 participants who continued to be actively involved in Second Life were re-administered the adjustment measures and completed a survey about their virtual and real-life experiences during the interval between assessments. Participants’ scores significantly improved on measures of affective states (depression, anxiety, positive emotion, life satisfaction, and feelings of loneliness) and self-evaluation (self-esteem). An index of overall change was associated with the number of virtual friends and group affiliations in Second Life, as well as feelings about the self as a result of involvement in the virtual world. The current study provides initial empirical support that three-dimensional virtual worlds can serve as a psychologically beneficial context for individuals with real-life disabilities.
Exploiting Sound Latency Using Low-level Affective Video Features in Amateur Video

The increased availability of multimedia equipment has resulted in large repositories of publically available, amateur videos. Users need to be able to identify and retrieve videos that contain content of interest. Automated methods are desirable, as manual content discovery is tedious. One of the more difficult challenges in video indexing is affective video indexing, which focuses on content that is intended to evoke certain emotions in users. Without pre-determined cinematographic cues, indexing strategies applied to amateur videos must rely on the exploration and analysis of low-level characteristics such as sound energy and motion. This study focuses on (1) improving the existing method for correctly identifying target affective content, and (2) exploiting sound latency in correlation to object motion in amateur videos containing slapstick, one of the most popular humor techniques. By utilizing low-level video characteristics, the identification of the targeted content can be performed without relying on the emotional responses of humans.
Comprehensive comparison of novel stator surface-mounted permanent magnet machines

A novel stator surface-mounted permanent magnet (SSPM) brushless machine with doubly-salient structure having magnets in the stator instead of rotor is proposed, which can be regarded as an improved flux-reversal machine. By comparing the electromagnetic performance of alternative topologies with different combinations of stator slots and rotor poles, it turns out that three combinations, namely, 6-stator-slot/4-rotor-pole, 12-stator-slot/8-rotor-pole and 12-stator-slot/10-rotor-pole, have attractive features, e.g., quasi-rectangular or sinusoidal back-electromagnetic-motive-force (back-EMF), relatively low cogging torque, large electromagnetic torque and higher power capability. Further, based on 2-D finite element analysis, a comprehensive comparison between the three topologies is investigated and the significant similarities and differences in topologies, operation principles and electromagnetic performances are highlighted. The results show that the 6/4 or 12/8 SSPM machines are suitable for typical brushless DC (BLDC) operation, whereas the 12/10 one is favorable for brushless AC (BLAC) operation.
Partial Diffusion Kalman Filtering

In conventional distributed Kalman filtering, employing diffusion strategies, each node transmits its state estimate to all its direct neighbors in each iteration. In this paper we propose a partial diffusion Kalman filter (PDKF) for state estimation of linear dynamic systems. In the PDKF algorithm every node (agent) is allowed to share only a subset of its intermediate estimate vectors at each iteration among its neighbors, which reduces the amount of internode communications. We study the stability of the PDKF algorithm where our analysis reveals that the algorithm is stable and convergent in both mean and mean-square senses. We also investigate the steady-state mean-square deviation (MSD) of the PDKF algorithm and derive a closed-form expression that describes how the algorithm performs at the steady-state. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of PDKF algorithm and demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides a trade-off between communication cost and estimation performance that is extremely profitable.
A Systematic Review on the Use of Psychosocial Interventions in Conjunction With Medications for the Treatment of Opioid Addiction

Opioid use and overdose rates have risen to epidemic levels in the United States during the past decade. Fortunately, there are effective medications (ie, methadone, buprenorphine, and oral and injectable naltrexone) available for the treatment of opioid addiction. Each of these medications is approved for use in conjunction with psychosocial treatment; however, there is a dearth of empirical research on the optimal psychosocial interventions to use with these medications. In this systematic review, we outline and discuss the findings of 3 prominent prior reviews and 27 recent publications of empirical studies on this topic. The most widely studied psychosocial interventions examined in conjunction with medications for opioid addiction were contingency management and cognitive behavioral therapy, with the majority focusing on methadone treatment. The results generally support the efficacy of providing psychosocial interventions in combination with medications to treat opioid addictions, although the incremental utility varied across studies, outcomes, medications, and interventions. The review highlights significant gaps in the literature and provides areas for future research. Given the enormity of the current opioid problem in the United States, it is critical to gain a better understanding of the most effective ways to deliver psychosocial treatments in conjunction with these medications to improve the health and well-being of individuals suffering from opioid addiction.
Multi-Target Decision-Making of Saturation Attack for Anti-Ship Missile Weapon-Target Assignment

Saturation attack is an important tactical method in high-tech war against the enemy's important target and increase the penetration probability of missile. In accordance with saturation attack tactics' guiding ideology, we analyze the constraints of anti-ship missile's attacking target, the criterion of optimal allocation and multi-fire power's coordinated attack, then establish the weapon-target assignment optimization model. Combining fire-distribution decision-making with route planning decision-making processes, we propose a method to implement saturation attack under multi-firepower and multi-constraint conditions. The simulation results show the model is excellent in computing time and has good practicability; it provides basis and reference for solving the problem of missile launch position disposition and fire-distribution.
Faculty-Administrator Relationships as Integral to High-Performing Governance Systems

This article examines the relationship between faculty and administrators in colleges and universities as partners in a shared governance enterprise. It addresses a gap in knowledge around the value of this particular relationship and factors motivating its nurturance in the interest of institutional ends. Three theoretical concepts are offered from the sociology and management literatures capable of deepening our understanding of this relationship—social exchange, social capital, and network forms of organizations. Study of the social interactions between faculty and administrators will provide insights into improving collaborative activity and the decision-making systems of which they are a part.
InP-based 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm short-cavity VCSELs suitable for telecom- and datacom-applications

We review the state-of the art of long-wavelength VCSELs. Furthermore, the short-cavity concept which has already been successfully implemented in 1.55 μm devices is extended to 1.3 μm devices resulting in excellent static and dynamic device properties. In particular, high output powers of 1.8 mW at an ambient temperature of 80 °C, high differential quantum efficiencies up to 56% and wall-plug efficiencies up to 36% at room-temperature are reported. Small-signal modulation bandwidths in excess of 15 GHz are presented. The large-signal modulation at a bit-rate of 25 Gbps is investigated.
Continuous-Wavelet Transform for Fault Location in Distribution Power Networks: Definition of Mother Wavelets Inferred From Fault Originated Transients

The paper presents a fault location procedure for distribution networks based on the wavelet analysis of the fault-generated traveling waves. In particular, the proposed procedure implements the continuous wavelet analysis applied to the voltage waveforms recorded during the fault in correspondence of a network bus. In order to improve the wavelet analysis, an algorithm is proposed to build specific mother wavelets inferred from the fault-originated transient waveforms. The performance of the proposed algorithm are analyzed for the case of the IEEE 34-bus test distribution network and compared with those achieved by using the more traditional Morlet mother wavelet.
Influential Sustainability on Social Networks

In this paper, we study a novel paradigm of viral marketing with the goal to sustain the influential effectiveness in the network. We study from real cases such as the Ice Bucket Challenges for the ALS awareness, and figure out the "easy come and easy go" phenomenon in the marketing promotion. Such a natural property is fully unexplored in the literature, but it will violate the need of many marketing applications which attempt to receive the perpetual attention and support. We thus highlight the problem of Influential Sustainability, to pursue the long-term and effective influence on the network. Given the set of initial seeds S and a threshold ρ, the goal of Influential Sustainability is to best decide the timing to activate each seed in S so as to maximize the number of iterations in which each iteration will activate the number of inactive nodes more than ρ. The Influential Sustainability problem is challenging due to its #P-hard nature. In addition to the greedy idea, we further present three strategies to heuristically decide the activating timing for each seed. As demonstrated in the empirical study on real data, instead of only providing the flexibility of striking a compromise between the execution efficiency and the resulting quality, these heuristic algorithms can be executed highly efficiently and meanwhile it is able to sustain the longer period which can continuously activate inactive nodes effectively. The results demonstrate their prominent advantage to be practical algorithms for the promising viral marketing paradigm.
Improving coding scheme of LDACS in the reverse link

We show in this paper the achievable improvement of the coding gain in the reverse link (air-to-ground) for the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System if the current forward error correction scheme based on a concatenated Reed-Solomon convolutional code is replaced by either a turbo code or a nonbinary low-density parity-check code for the smallest assignable data block. Additionally to improving the coding gain, the proposed coding schemes enable a fully iterative detection because of their soft-value decoding algorithms. This improves in general the detection process as a whole.
Varieties of Knowledge and Their Use in Business and Management Studies: Conditions and Institutions

Many research fields combine practical goals with a search for fundamental mechanisms and make significant contributions to theoretical understanding. This is especially so in the social sciences, which are often concerned with policy issues and problems, albeit with varying degrees of directness. Business and management studies (BMS) may be more focused on practical problem solving than other social sciences, but they are equally capable of contributing major intellectual innovations. They produce a variety of kinds of knowledge that are practically useful in different conditions. At least eight types can be distinguished in terms of their horizontal and vertical isolation, and their identification of causal mechanisms. These can be expected to be more or less effective in producing desired outcomes according to three conditions: contextual independence, stability of internal causal processes, and similarity of circumstances. These conditions in turn are likely to be achieved to varying degrees in different socio-economic systems governed by different institutional arrangements, particularly those that encourage varying degrees of managerial authority sharing and inter-firm coordination of economic activities. Differences in the dominant institutions governing knowledge production and labour markets also affect the kinds of research styles and knowledge types that dominate BMS in different societies.
A bisimulation for dynamic sealing

We define λseal, an untyped call-by-value λ-calculus with primitives for protecting abstract data by sealing, and develop a bisimulation proof method that is sound and complete with respect to contextual equivalence. This provides a formal basis for reasoning about data abstraction in open, dynamic settings where static techniques such as type abstraction and logical relations are not applicable.
Retrieval Independence in Successive Recognition Tasks

In three experiments participants studied AB word pairs and completed two recognition tests. In the first recognition test, which was included in all three experiments, the B word had to be discriminated from two distractors that did not appear on the study list. In Experiment 1, in the second recognition test, an AB target was compared with distractors composed of words not on the study list. In Experiment 2, in the second recognition test, an AB target had to be discriminated from two other pairs that were created by randomly re-pairing A and B words that appeared on the study list. In Experiment 3, on the second recognition test, words from the study list were systematically re-paired to form distractors that contained either the same A term or the same B term as the target pair. Recognition of the B word on the first test was always at least partly independent of recognition of the AB pair on the second test. Even when recognition judgements were restricted to those for which the participants were most confident, all experiments demonstrated significant retrieval independence between the two tests.