Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A STUDY OF ALLOGRAFT KIDNEY REJECTION OCCURRING SIMULTANEOUSLY IN WHOLE ORGAN AND EAR CHAMBER GRAFTS IN THE RABBIT

When portions of adult renal tissue are allografted into the rabbit ear chamber, they usually survive for periods of up to several months (6). When a kidney from the same donor is grafted as a whole organ, the ear chamber grafts then reject with the whole organ in 7 days. During that time serial needle biopsies of the whole organ are compared with the in vivo appearance of the ear chamber grafts. This establishes that the changes occurring in the ear chamber grafts are monitoring the rejection process proceeding in the whole organ grafts. Dramatic vascular changes herald the earliest stages of unmodified rejection. A highly characteristic form of individual discrete platelet adhesion to both endothelium and adherent leukocytes is observed which is associated with the release reaction. At times as many as 20 such discrete platelets are clearly visible in profile in one high-power field. This demonstrates in vivo a mechanism whereby vascular and parenchymal damage may be produced by platelet contents, without previous aggregation or thrombus formation being necessary.
Serotonin discovery and stepwise disclosure of 5-HT receptor complexity over four decades. Part I. General background and discovery of serotonin as a basis for 5-HT receptor identification

1. General background and discovery of serotonin as a basis for 5-HT receptor identification 1.1. General background 1.1.1. “Contemporary Witness Report” – a special type of review article 1.1.2. Serotonin signalling, Rapport Lecture, Polish International Congress Lecture 1.1. 3. 5-HT receptors, available review articles, peculiarity of this one 1.2. Discovery of serotonin 1.2. 1. Discovery of serotonin in the periphery 1.2. 2. Serotonin in molluscs: hint at transmitter function in the vertebrate CNS 1.2. 3. Mapping studies of the CNS serotonin system 1.2. 4. Evidence by serotonin neurotoxins for a CNS role of serotonin 1.2. 5. Concluding summary statements
SOLAR MAGNETIC FIELD SIGNATURES IN HELIOSEISMIC SPLITTING COEFFICIENTS

Normal modes of oscillation of the Sun are useful probes of the solar interior. In this work, we use the even–order splitting coefficients to study the evolution of magnetic fields in the convection zone over solar cycle 23, assuming that the frequency splitting is only due to rotation and a large-scale magnetic field. We find that the data are best fit by a combination of a poloidal field and a double-peaked near-surface toroidal field. The toroidal fields are centered at r0 = 0.999 R☉ and r = 0.996 R☉ and are confined to the near-surface layers. The poloidal field is a dipole field. The peak strength of the poloidal field is 124 ± 17 G. The toroidal field peaks at 380 ± 30 G and 1.4 ± 0.2 kG for the shallower and deeper fields, respectively. The field strengths are highly correlated with surface activity. The toroidal field strength shows a hysteresis-like effect when compared to the global 10.7 cm radio flux. The poloidal field strength shows evidence of saturation at high activity.
A Corpus-Based Statistical Approach to Automatic Book Indexing

The paper reports on a new approach to automatic generation of back-of-book indexes for Chinese books. Parsing on the level of complete sentential analysis is avoided because of the inefficiency and unavailability of a Chinese Grammar with enough coverage. Instead, fundamental analysis particular to Chinese text called word segmentation is performed to break up characters into a sequence of lexical units equivalent to words in English. The sequence of words then goes through part-of-speech tagging and noun phrase analysis. All these analyses are done using a corpus-based statistical algorithm. Experimental results have shown satisfactory results.
Coronally positioned flap procedures with or without a bioabsorbable membrane in the treatment of human gingival recession.

BACKGROUND A variety of surgical techniques have been used to cover recession type defects. New data have indicated that the outcome of coronally positioned flap procedures may be augmented by supporting the flap with a membrane. METHODS The present study aimed at comparing the clinical outcome following treatment of localized gingival recessions by a coronally positioned flap procedure alone, or combined with a bioabsorbable membrane. Twenty patients with buccal bilateral Miller Class I or Class II gingival recessions in cuspids or premolars participated in the study. The split-mouth design, randomized selection of site treatment, and blind evaluation provided 20 sites in a membrane group and 20 sites in a non-membrane group for examination at baseline, and at 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. Clinical variables included the apical extent of the gingival recession, the width of the recession defect measured at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), and the width of keratinized tissue at the recession site as well as probing depth and attachment level. RESULTS Both treatments resulted in a significant gain (P <0.0001) of root coverage, amounting to an average of 2.3 mm in the membrane group and 2.5 mm in the non-membrane group at the 6-month evaluation. There was no significant difference between the treatments. Similarly, a significant gain of clinical attachment level was seen in the membrane (1.3 mm; P <0.001) as well as in the non-membrane (1.5 mm; P <0.0001) group, but without a significant difference between the groups. The reduction of the recession width from baseline to 6 months was significantly greater (P <0.01) for the non-membrane (2.3 mm) than for the membrane (1.4 mm) group. Probing depth changes were small and not significant for either of the treatments. When patients were grouped as smokers (8) and non-smokers (12), no significant differences were revealed for any of the response variables. Overall, among the 20 membrane sites, one showed no change while the remaining 19 gained root coverage at the 6-month examination. Five sites obtained coverage to the CEJ. Among the non-membrane sites, all gained root coverage at 6 months and 10 sites showed complete coverage to the CEJ. CONCLUSIONS The coronally positioned flap operation offers a predictable, simple, and convenient approach as a root coverage procedure in Miller Class I and Class II recession defects. Combining this technique with the placement of a bioabsorbable membrane does not seem to improve the results following surgical treatment of such defects.
Effect of oxygen on breath markers of oxidative stress

Supplemental oxygen is often administered to induce hyperoxia in nonhypoxic patients for indications such as chest pain, despite lack of evidence of clinical benefit. Induced hyperoxia is potentially toxic, since it may increase oxidative stress and peroxidative damage to deoxyribonucleic acid, lipids and proteins. The aim of this study was to establish whether supplemental oxygen induces oxidative stress in nonhypoxic subjects. Breath markers of oxidative stress were measured in 31 healthy subjects before and after breathing 28% oxygen at 2.0 L·min−1 via nasal prongs for 30 min while resting. The criterion standard of oxidative stress was the breath methylated alkane contour (BMAC), a three-dimensional plot of the alveolar gradients of C4–C20 alkanes and monomethylated alkanes produced by lipid peroxidation. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath were assayed by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy, and the BMACs before and after oxygenation were compared. Following oxygenation, there was a significant increase in mean volume under the curve of the BMAC and in alveolar gradients of three VOCs: 3‐methyltridecane, 3‐methylundecane and 5-methylnonane. Breath markers of oxidative stress were significantly increased in normal volunteers breathing supplemental oxygen for 30 min.
Heat conduction and phonon localization in disordered harmonic crystals

We investigate the steady-state heat current in two- and three-dimensional isotopically disordered harmonic lattices. Using localization theory as well as kinetic theory we estimate the system size dependence of the current. These estimates are compared with numerical results obtained using an exact formula for the current given in terms of a phonon transmission function, as well as by direct nonequilibrium simulations. We find that heat conduction by high frequency modes is suppressed by localization while low frequency modes are strongly affected by boundary conditions. Our heuristic arguments show that Fourier's law is valid in a three-dimensional disordered solid except for special boundary conditions. We also study the pinned case relevant to localization in quantum systems and often used as a model system to study the validity of Fourier's law. Here we provide the first numerical verification of Fourier's law in three dimensions. In the two-dimensional pinned case we find that localization of phonon modes leads to a heat insulator.
Law Through Sociology's Looking Glass: Conflict and Competition in Sociological Studies of Law

Law and its countless legal, academic, professional and institutional manifestations, all being intrinsically social, fall within the scope of sociological inquiry. It is, therefore, not surprising if some sociologists and jurists have tried to bring the benefits of sociological ideas to legal thought and practice. Introducing sociological insights into law, a feasible and useful project in theory, has however been only marginally accomplished in practice. Despite the social make-up of law and the kinship between legal theory and social theory, the former being a branch of the latter, and despite the efforts of socio-legal scholars over the past hundred years to integrate legal and sociological ideas, law and sociology remain apart. This chapter explores the roots of this separation by describing some of the conflicts and competitions which arise out of, and impede, attempts to integrate legal and sociological understandings of law. It starts by juxtaposing sociological and legal epistemes, i.e. by comparing the collection of beliefs, concerns and assumptions which are used to organise worldviews and practices of lawyers and legal scholars, on the one hand, and those of sociologists, on the other.1 It then moves on to present the various research approaches, such as Law and Society and Socio-Legal Studies, which make use of social scientific methods and concepts to study law. Although it is often impossible to distinguish between certain branches of socio-legal research, I shall nonetheless discuss similarities and commonalities between various approaches to the study of law, focusing specifically on the (inter)disciplinary conflicts and competitions between them, as a method for highlighting the discourses which constitute the sociological studies of law. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the potential of law and sociology to learn from one another.
Delivery of ATSC 3.0 Services With MPEG Media Transport Standard Considering Redistribution in MPEG-2 TS Format

MPEG-2 transport stream (TS), standardized by the ISO/IEC as part of the well-known MPEG-2 standards family, is the most widely deployed standard for multimedia services in traditional broadcast industry, such as ATSC and DVB-T. MPEG standards have been designed to specify essential features for multimedia broadcast applications, such as the structure of multimedia content composed of multiple audio-visual streams and temporal relationships among those streams. One of the new MPEG standards that was recently developed and published, namely MPEG media transport (MMT), has catered for the emerging convergence of digital broadcasting and the Internet. MMT inherits major advantageous features of MPEG-2 TS and adds advanced and innovative features to support broadcast services in the new converged environment. IP-based broadcast standards, e.g., ATSC 3.0, has gained significant attention by the broadcast industries as IP-based broadcast provides more flexible and enriched multimedia broadcast services to users. The ATSC 3.0 has adopted MMT as its one of media delivery technology to strengthen hybrid delivery of multimedia services which could be consumed on multiple devices simultaneously. This paper discusses the use of MMT in ATSC 3.0 service delivery. Important features of MMT will be described together with their restrictions and extensions that are needed to enable efficient delivery of ATSC 3.0 services.
Big Data in Communication Research: Its Contents and Discontents

I had two goals in mind when I decided to dedicate a special issue of the Journal of Communication to “Big Data. ” One was to provide an outlet for the growing number of excellent Big Data studies on mass communication, digital technologies, political communication, health communication, and many other areas of interest to our discipline. My focus was on empirical papers that made substantive contributions using newmethods, rather than on explanations, endorsements, or critiques of the Big Data movement.The goal was to showcase the state of the art in recent research in computational communication science. My second goal was to provide a benchmark for research innovation. Big Data research is still in its infancy in communication. Relatively little of the work done in this early stage will stand the test of time, but all of it will likely be critical in the on going process of conceptual andmethodological advance.The articles featured in this issue represent the best of what is currently being done. Their strengths will guide future work, but so, too, will their limitations.
Genotype link with extreme antisocial behavior: the contribution of cognitive pathways.

CONTEXT As genes associated with common disorders are increasingly identified, we need to progress from observing associations to identifying risk pathways. The high-activity COMT genotype, in the presence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has previously been shown to be associated with extreme antisocial behavior. The same genotype has also been implicated in affecting cognitive function in healthy individuals. Impaired cognitive function might therefore lie on the risk pathway from genotype to clinical outcome. OBJECTIVES To replicate the association between COMT genotype and antisocial behavior in ADHD and to then test whether (1) impaired executive control or (2) impaired social understanding act as intermediate phenotypes for this association and lie on the risk pathway between COMT genotype and antisocial behavior. DESIGN Prospective epidemiological cohort sample. SETTING The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. PARTICIPANTS Four thousand three hundred sixty-five children with data on COMT Val¹⁵⁸Met genotype, ADHD symptoms and diagnoses, and measures of social cognition/understanding and executive control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Antisocial behavior at age 7.5 years assessed using DSM-IV conduct disorder symptoms. RESULTS We replicated the association of the high-activity COMT genotype, in the presence of ADHD, with extreme antisocial behavior (odds ratio, 2.82; 95% confidence interval, 2.02-3.94; P < .001 for the most severe antisocial behavior). The high-activity COMT genotype was associated with both executive control and impaired social understanding. The strength of the association between genotype and antisocial behavior was unchanged by including executive control in the model but dropped when impaired social understanding was included (odds ratio, 1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-2.76; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS The high-activity COMT genotype in ADHD is associated with antisocial behavior in part via impaired social understanding. Impaired executive control was also associated with the high-activity COMT genotype but may not lie on the risk pathway to antisocial behavior. The findings demonstrate the importance of testing links between genotype, intermediate phenotype, and clinical outcome in the same sample to identify potential risk pathways.
Down-regulation of the Lamin A/C in neuroblastoma triggers the expansion of tumor initiating cells

Tumor-initiating cells constitute a population within a tumor mass that shares properties with normal stem cells and is considered responsible for therapy failure in many cancers. We have previously demonstrated that knockdown of the nuclear envelope component Lamin A/C in human neuroblastoma cells inhibits retinoic acid-mediated differentiation and results in a more aggressive phenotype. In addition, Lamin A/C is often lost in advanced tumors and changes in the nuclear envelope composition occur during tumor progression. Based on our previous data and considering that Lamin A/C is expressed in differentiated tissues, we hypothesize that the lack of Lamin A/C could predispose cells toward a stem-like phenotype, thus influencing the development of tumor-initiating cells in neuroblastoma. This paper demonstrates that knockdown of Lamin A/C triggers the development of a tumor-initiating cell population with self-renewing features in human neuroblastoma cells. We also demonstrates that the development of TICs is due to an increased expression of MYCN gene and that in neuroblastoma exists an inverse relationship between LMNA and MYCN expression.
The paradox of matrix metalloproteinases in infectious disease

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes that perform multiple roles in the normal immune response to infection. MMPs facilitate leucocyte recruitment, cytokine and chemokine processing, defensin activation and matrix remodelling. However, excess MMP activity following infection may lead to immunopathology that causes host morbidity or mortality and favours pathogen dissemination or persistence. Here, we review the normal functions of MMPs in immunity and then discuss viral and bacterial infections where excess MMP activity has been implicated in pathology, specifically examining HIV, HTLV‐1, hepatitis B, endotoxin shock, Helicobacter pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tissue destruction may be exacerbated further by bacterial‐derived enzymes which activate the host pro‐MMPs. Finally, the potential for therapeutic targeting of excess MMP activity in infection is considered.
Psychopathy Symptom Profiles and Neuropsychological Measures Sensitive to Orbitofrontal Functioning

This study analyzed the relationship between the OF functioning of 100 incarcerated male offenders and their psychopathy symptoms. The study's rejected hypothesis had predicted a significant relationship between measures of OF functioning and the Defective Affective Experience (DAE) and Impulsive and Irresponsible Behavioral Style (IIB) factors of the Cooke and Michie (2001) three-factor model of psychopathy. Regression analysis failed to demonstrate a relationship between OF functioning and the DAE and IIB factors. Group differences on OF functioning were not demonstrated between participants in the upper and lower quartiles of a summed DAE and IIB factor score. A general role for OF functioning in criminal behavior was suggested as two OF measures accounted for 14.9% of the variance of criminal convictions.
Predicting Disordered Eating Intentions Among Incoming College Freshman: An Analysis of Social Norms and Body Esteem

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between parental influence, peer norms, body esteem, and disordered eating intentions in a sample of incoming college freshmen women. A total of 427 incoming female college freshmen from a private university in the southeastern United States were surveyed as part of a larger study. Results indicated that body esteem moderated the relationship between parent thinness norms, parent encouragement norms, parent communicative norms, peer acceptability norms, and peer prevalence norms on disordered eating intentions. There was no significant interaction between body esteem and peer thinness norms. These results suggest that efforts to prevent disordered eating among college students should include strategies for changing normative influence, both from parents and peers.
Shapes of semiflexible polymers in confined spaces

Biological macromolecules, living in the confines of a cell, often adopt conformations that are unlikely to occur in free space. In this paper, we investigate the effects of confinement on the shape of a semiflexible chain. Results of Monte Carlo simulations show the existence of a shape transition when the persistence length of the polymer becomes comparable to the dimensions of the box. An order parameter is introduced to quantify this behavior. A simple model is constructed to study the effect of the shape transition on the effective persistence length of the polymer.
Genomewide Analysis of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Binding Targets Reveals an Extensive Array of Gene Clusters that Control Morphogenetic and Developmental Programs

Background The vertebrate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates cellular responses to environmental polycyclic and halogenated compounds. The naive receptor is believed to reside in an inactive cytosolic complex that translocates to the nucleus and induces transcription of xenobiotic detoxification genes after activation by ligand. Objectives We conducted an integrative genomewide analysis of AHR gene targets in mouse hepatoma cells and determined whether AHR regulatory functions may take place in the absence of an exogenous ligand. Methods The network of AHR-binding targets in the mouse genome was mapped through a multipronged approach involving chromatin immunoprecipitation/chip and global gene expression signatures. The findings were integrated into a prior functional knowledge base from Gene Ontology, interaction networks, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, sequence motif analysis, and literature molecular concepts. Results We found the naive receptor in unstimulated cells bound to an extensive array of gene clusters with functions in regulation of gene expression, differentiation, and pattern specification, connecting multiple morphogenetic and developmental programs. Activation by the ligand displaced the receptor from some of these targets toward sites in the promoters of xenobiotic metabolism genes. Conclusions The vertebrate AHR appears to possess unsuspected regulatory functions that may be potential targets of environmental injury.
Monetary costs of dietary energy reported by young Japanese women: association with food and nutrient intake and body mass index

Abstract Objective Little is known about the relationship of monetary diet costs to dietary intake and obesity, particularly in non-Western populations. This study examined monetary cost of dietary energy in relation to diet quality and body mass index (BMI) among young Japanese women. Design Dietary intake was assessed by a validated, self-administered, diet history questionnaire. Diet costs were estimated using retail food prices. Monetary cost of dietary energy (Japanese yen 1000 kcal−1) was then calculated. BMI was computed from self-reported body weight and height. Subjects A total of 3931 female Japanese dietetic students aged 18–20 years. Results Monetary cost of dietary energy was positively associated with intakes of fruits, vegetables, fish and shellfish, and pulses; however, higher monetary cost of dietary energy was also associated with higher consumption of fat and oil, meat and energy-containing beverages, and lower consumption of cereals (rice, bread and noodles) (all P for trend <0.01). At the nutrient level, monetary cost of dietary energy was positively associated with intakes of dietary fibre and key vitamins and minerals, but also associated positively with intakes of fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol and sodium, and negatively with carbohydrate intake (all P for trend <0.0001). After adjustment for possible confounders, monetary cost of dietary energy was quite weakly but significantly negatively associated with BMI (P for trend = 0.0197). Conclusions Increasing monetary cost of dietary energy was associated with both favourable and unfavourable dietary intake patterns and a quite small decrease in BMI in young Japanese women.