Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of FDI Establishment Mode Choice of Polish Firms. The Oli Paradigm Perspective

This study attempts to investigate the establishment mode choice of Polish firms when entering foreign markets via foreign direct investment (FDI) in the light of John Dunning’s eclectic OLI model. A dichotomous mode choice between greenfield investment and acquisitions forms the basic framework for analysis. The theoretical part contains the application of Dunning’s model to the investigated relationships with the said establishment mode choice as well as an overview of the empirical research conducted so far on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Seven research hypotheses are formulated in this context and tested on a sample of firms registered in Poland with ongoing FDI. Data collection was made using an online survey, then four models were used to test the statistical significance of the hypothesized relationships. The results showed no statistical significance for the hypotheses linking mode choice with ownership and internalization advantages. Positive verification was recorded for all the identified location advantages. Thus Dunning's OLI framework demonstrates the limited applicability to the establishment mode choices in an advanced emerging country context. The study concludes with an outline of its contribution to OFDI research, its limitations and finally with recommendations for future research in this area.
Models for Slip Estimation and Soft Terrain Characterization With Multilegged Wheel–Legs

Successful operation of off-road mobile robots faces the challenge of mobility hazards posed by soft, deformable terrain, e.g., sand traps. The slip caused by these hazards has a significant impact on tractive efficiency, leading to complete immobilization in extreme circumstances. This paper addresses the interaction between dry frictional soil and the multilegged wheel–leg concept, with the aim of exploiting its enhanced mobility for safe, in situ terrain sensing. The influence of multiple legs and different foot designs on wheel–leg–soil interaction is analyzed by incorporating these aspects to an existing terradynamics model. In addition, new theoretical models are proposed and experimentally validated to relate wheel–leg slip to both motor torque and stick-slip vibrations. These models, which are capable of estimating wheel–leg slip from purely proprioceptive sensors, are then applied in combination with detected wheel–leg sinkage to successfully characterize the load bearing and shear strength properties of different types of deformable soil. The main contribution of this paper enables nongeometric hazard detection based on detected wheel–leg slip and sinkage.
Use of porcine fibrinogen as a model glycoprotein to study the binding specificity of the three variants of K88 lectin

Known glycoproteins were used to determine the differences occurring in the binding specificities of the three variants of the K88 lectin in an approach essentially based on lectin blotting. During the screening, it was demonstrated that each variant of the K88 lectin biotinylated via its amino groups (NbioK88) exhibited a characteristic binding to the three chains of porcine fibrinogen. NbioK88ab weakly bound to A alpha chains, NbioK88ac bound to B beta and gamma chains, and NbioK88ad bound only to the gamma chain. To validate this model, the oligosaccharide moieties of porcine fibrinogen were analyzed with glycosidases and by lectin blotting and sugar composition. Both the B beta chain and gamma chain carry biantennary N-glycans of the N-acetyllactosamine type that are not recognized by K88 lectins. A alpha chains are substituted by sialylated T antigen. O-glycans were also detected on B beta and gamma chains of porcine fibrinogen and contribute to the recognition of these chains by K88ac and K88ad fimbriae.
Path planning at roundabouts using piecewise linear continuous curvature curves

The number of roundabouts has been increased as they have demonstrated improvements over unsignalized and signalized intersections regarding safety, traffic flow, access management, etc. In this sense, autonomous vehicles should satisfactorily deal with the problem of path planning at these circular intersections. Approaches proposed in literature employ optimization techniques to improve the level of comfort and to ensure bounded curvature subjected to the vehicle's kinematic constraints. This paper describes a path planning approach for autonomous vehicles using clothoids, circular arcs, and straight lines, whose curvature is piecewise linear and continuous as well. The planned path provides smooth driving because of the linear variation of the curvature with respect to the traveled distance. The roundabout path planner interpolates the desired configurations of the vehicle at roundabout entrance and exit with G2 continuity as traveling along the circular roadway. The proposed approach was tested on real and simulated doublelane roundabouts and results demonstrate the effectiveness of the path planning, which ensure bounded curvature and low curvature derivative, providing driving comfort.
Ultrastructural analysis of the development and maturation of synapses and subsynaptic structures in the ectostriatum of the zebra finch

The development of synapses and subsynaptic features in the neuropil of the ectostriatum, a visual projection area in birds, was examined ultrastructurally at 5, 10, 20, and 100 days posthatching. The maturation of the synaptic complex is accompanied by a variety of different dynamic processes. The number of synapses in ectostriatum and the number of specific synaptic types vary with age as does the constellation of subsynaptic structures. At day 5, before eye opening, the total number of synapses is 16% of the adult value. These synapses, unlike synapses seen at maturity, have indistinct synaptic contact zones and generally are associated with few synaptic vesicles. Synapse number increases continuously until 20 days of age, paralleled by a steady increase of the observed brain volume. The largest increase in synapse number takes place during the time of eye opening (i.e., between 5 and 10 days). This increase is mainly due to an increase of asymmetric synapses, the most common type in the neuropil of ectostriatum (90% of the synapse population). At day 20 the number of synapses has reached its maximum and remains high in adulthood. Synapses on spines are more prominent in younger animals than in adults. The percentage of presynaptic terminals involved in synaptic contact with more than one postsynaptic element (multiple synapses) shows a significant reduction from 12% to 4% early in development (between days 10 and 20). Presynaptic terminal size and postsynaptic density (PSD) length increase until 20 days of age. From day 20 to adulthood the PSD shows a 10% reduction in contact length, and the presynaptic terminal further increases in size by 27%. Therefore, the pre‐ and postsynaptic structures described above continue to develop after the number of synapses remains constant.
Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Call to Action

Traditionally a disease of hepatologists, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently become a major concern for a broad spectrum of health care providers. Endocrinologists and those caring for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at center stage, as T2DM appears to worsen the course of NAFLD and the liver disease makes diabetes management more challenging. However, the nature of this relationship remains incompletely understood. Although the increasing prevalence of NAFLD is frequently attributed to the epidemic of obesity and is often oversimplified as the “hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome,” it is a much more complex disease process that may also be observed in nonobese individuals and in patients without clinical manifestations of the metabolic syndrome. It carries both metabolic and liver-specific complications that make its approach unique among medical conditions. Diabetes appears to promote the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the more severe form of the disease, and increases the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients and physicians face many uncertainties, including fragmented information on the natural history of the disease, challenges in the diagnosis of NASH, and few pharmacological agents with proven efficacy. However, recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, combined with the risk of serious consequences from inaction, call for health care providers to be more proactive in the management of patients with T2DM and NASH.
Improved Method for Determining the  $n$-Value of HTS Bulks

The complete penetration magnetic field BP is the main feature of a superconducting pellet submitted to an axial applied magnetic field. The electric E-J characteristics of HTS bulk is generally described by a power law E(J) = E<sub>C</sub>(J/J<sub>C</sub>)<sup>n</sup>. The influence of the n-value and applied magnetic field rise rate V<sub>b</sub> on the B<sub>P</sub> of a HTS cylindrical pellet has been presented in a previous paper. The numerical results presented come from a numerical resolution of a nonlinear diffusion problem. With the help of these simulations, a linear relationship between B<sub>P</sub>, ln V<sub>b</sub>, and n-value has been deduced. This comparison allows determining the critical current density J<sub>C</sub> and the n-value of the power law based on direct measurement of B<sub>P</sub> in the gap between two bulk HTS pellets. In this paper, an improvement of this method is presented. The influence of geometric parameters R and L is studied to give generality to the relationship between B<sub>P</sub>, V<sub>b</sub>, and n-value. A previous B<sub>P</sub> formula is confirmed by these new simulations. To correctly connect simulation and experimental results, the influence of spacing e between bulks is studied and presented. A relationship between B<sub>P</sub> and measured complete penetration magnetic field B<sub>PM</sub> is determined.
Theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) applied in supply chain management of petrochemical projects

An innovative Supply Chain Management system is a vital core competency for competitiveness of any company in today's dynamic markets. Such an SCM system has to integrate ongoing innovations into its processes and welcome future ones. This paper studies issues relate to documentation and classifications of innovations and generally have an experimental origin. First, SCM Innovations applied by Petrochemical Industries Development Management Company (PIDMCo.) in last seven years have been extracted. PIDMCo is a national Iranian company which acts as a project based organization and manages procurement and operation of a large portfolio of petrochemical plant projects. 40 inventive principles (classes) of TRIZ -one of the less widely used innovation tools- have been the basis of the study for documentation and classification of innovations in procurement and supply chain management of the company. Classification (assigning innovations into 40 classes and development of analogies) has been performed by expert judgment based on analysis for re-applicability. Resulting framework based on 40 innovative principles then has been mapped against elements of company's procurement and SCM system to check applicability and validity of innovative patterns. Results show a good potential for speeding up innovation in SCM with use of TRIZ systematic approach. In the last section some difficulties of TRIZ application in SCM are discussed.
A review paper on IDS classification using KDD 99 and NSL KDD dataset in WEKA

In the Area of Security, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) form an individual trailing and plays an essential role in information Security. As the usability of the internet among the users in a wide area is increasing day by day so as the importance of security and to keep the system aware of the malicious activities is also increasing. It has the following limitations on low detection rate, high false alarm rate and so on which is been indicated by the traditional Intrusion Detection System. A performance of the classifier is based on the necessity of the terms of its effectiveness, and it is also concerned with the number of features to be examined by the IDS should be improved. In this, J48 is been performed on the hybrid IDS and is applied using J48 Decision Tree algorithm, J48 Decision Tree is used for the feature selection and Naive Bayes Algorithm. Basically Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) is been used on the basis of two fundamental approaches first the recognition of anomalous activities as it generally occurs on the turns from usual or unusual behavior and second misuse detection by observing unauthorized “signatures” of those recognized malicious assaults and classification vulnerabilities. Anomaly or the anonymous (behavior-based) IDSs presume the difference of normal behavior beneath attacks and achieve abnormal activities evaluated and recognized with predefined system or user behavior reference model. The main focus of this survey is on WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) Tool and its various algorithms of classification used for detecting and analyzing the various intrusions. Lastly, In this survey, we lead to elaborate the mostly used dataset in information security research KDDCUP and NSL KDD and its various components.
Ethanol‐ and cocaine‐induced locomotion are genetically related to increases in accumbal dopamine

Neuroanatomical research suggests that interactions between dopamine and glutamate within the mesolimbic dopamine system are involved in both drug‐induced locomotor stimulation and addiction. Therefore, genetically determined differences in the locomotor responses to ethanol and cocaine may be related to differences in the effects of these drugs on this system. To test this, we measured drug‐induced changes in dopamine and glutamate within the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a major target of mesolimbic dopamine neurons, using in vivo microdialysis in selectively bred FAST and SLOW mouse lines, which were bred for extreme sensitivity (FAST) and insensitivity (SLOW) to the locomotor stimulant effects of ethanol. These mice also show a genetically correlated difference in stimulant response to cocaine (FAST > SLOW). Single injections of ethanol (2 g/kg) or cocaine (40 mg/kg) resulted in larger increases in dopamine within the NAcc in FAST compared with SLOW mice. There was no effect of either drug on NAcc glutamate levels. These experiments indicate that response of the mesolimbic dopamine system is genetically correlated with sensitivity to ethanol‐ and cocaine‐induced locomotion. Because increased sensitivity to the stimulating effects of ethanol appears to be associated with greater risk for alcohol abuse, genetically determined differences in the mesolimbic dopamine response to ethanol may represent a critical underlying mechanism for increased genetic risk for alcoholism.
SPET study of verbal fluency in schizophrenia and epilepsy

Background The association between temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophrenia suggests that the critical abnormality may be pathology within the temporal lobes. People with schizophrenia-like psychosis of epilepsy (SLPE) provide a useful group in which to examine the importance of temporal and frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia. Method A verbal fluency activation paradigm and a 99mTc HMPAO SPET were used to study frontotemporal function in people with SLPE (n = 12), schizophrenia (n = 11) and epilepsy (n = 16). Results People with SLPE differed from both other groups by showing lower blood flow in the left superior temporal gyrus during performance of a verbal fluency task compared with a word repetition task (F=5.4, P=0.01). During the verbal fluency task people with primary schizophrenia showed a greater increase in blood flow in anterior cingulate (F=4.5, P=0.02) than the other two groups. There were no between-group differences in frontal brain regions. Conclusion Our findings support an association between left temporal lobe abnormality and SLPE. The different patterns of activation observed in people with primary schizophrenia and SLPE suggests that different pathophysiological mechanisms may operate in these two groups. In SLPE the pathophysiology may be relatively confined to the dominant temporal lobe.
A comparison of primary and proxy respondent reports of habitual physical activity, using kappa statistics and log-linear models.

BACKGROUND Many epidemiological studies rely in part on proxy informants. There is little published information on the reliability of proxy-respondent reports of physical activity. METHODS Self-reported data on vigorous and moderate physical activity, from a representative sub-sample of participants in a community-based case-control study of coronary heart disease, were compared with information collected from their next-of-kin. RESULTS Relative to primary respondents, proxy respondents under-reported activity by approximately 10 percentage points, for both leisure and work-time activity. On a simple three point scale (inactivity/moderate activity/physical activity), 70% of primary-proxy pairs were in exact agreement with regard to leisure time activity and 67% of pairs were in exact agreement on work-time activity. The corresponding values for the weighted kappa statistic were 0.66 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-0.72] and 0.62 (0.54-0.72). Log-linear modelling provided evidence for superior agreement on worktime activity when the proxy was not the primary respondent's spouse. DISCUSSION Overall levels of primary-proxy respondent agreement on physical activity seem somewhat lower than has been reported for smoking and alcohol-drinking frequency. There seems little reason to prefer spouse proxies when endeavouring to elicit information on work-time physical activity. Log-linear modelling provides an efficient means of exploring covariate effects in observer-agreement studies.
Application of the knowledge management in the knowledge-intensive service business: the case studies at ITIS and ITRI in Taiwan

Industrial research tends to be knowledge-intensive. Reports prepared by well-known industrial research concerns are often invaluable as they provide important directions for the industry. In Taiwan, the Industrial Technology Intelligence Service (ITIS) Program, supported by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, has served as a cradle for many industrial research professionals, and its success has been pivotal to the island nation's industrial might. This paper studies how ITIS could promote and influence the industrial research capabilities utilising the Knowledge Management (KM). Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), the biggest state-fostered research institute in Taiwan, has successfully achieved its expectations by exercising KM. Each of the two has its own unique character that could generate different methodologies and processes. This research combines the two cases, analysing archived log files of the past 15 years, to provide the key success factors of their use of KM systems.
Gene Organization of the dnaA Region of Wolbachia

ABSTRACT The dnaA region of Wolbachia, an intracellular bacterial parasite of insects, is unique. AglnA cognate was found upstream of the dnaAgene, while neither of the two open reading frames detected downstream of dnaA has any homologue in the database. This unusual gene arrangement may reflect requirements associated with the unique ecological niche this agent occupies.
Fluorescence and molecular dynamics studies of the acetylcholine receptor γM4 transmembrane peptide in reconstituted systems

A combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) is applied to assess the conformational dynamics of a peptide making up the outermost ring of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) transmembrane region and the effect of membrane thickness and cholesterol on the hydrophobic matching of this peptide. The fluorescence studies exploit the intrinsic fluorescence of the only tryptophan residue in a synthetic peptide corresponding to the fourth transmembrane domain of the AChR γ subunit (γM4-Trp6) reconstituted in lipid bilayers of varying thickness, and combine this information with quenching studies using depth-sensitive phosphatidylcholine spin-labeled probes and acrylamide, polarization of fluorescence, and generalized polarization of Laurdan. A direct correlation was found between bilayer width and the depth of insertion of Trp6. We further extend our recent MD study of the conformational dynamics of the AChR channel to focus on the crosstalk between M4 and the lipid-belt region. The isolated γM4 peptide is shown to possess considerable orientational flexibility while maintaining a linear α-helical structure, and to vary its tilt depending on bilayer width and cholesterol (Chol) content. MD studies also show that γM4 also establishes contacts with the other TM peptides on its inner face, stabilizing a shorter TM length that is still highly sensitive to the lipid environment. In the native membrane the topology of the M4 ring is likely to exhibit a similar behavior, dynamically modifying its tilt to match the hydrophobic thickness of the bilayer.
Identification, developmental expression, and functions of bursicon in the tobacco hawkmoth, Manduca sexta

During posteclosion, insects undergo sequential processes of wing expansion and cuticle tanning. Bursicon, a highly conserved neurohormone implicated in regulation of these processes, was characterized recently as a heterodimeric cystine knot protein in Drosophila melanogaster. Here we report the predicted precursor sequences of bursicon subunits (Masburs and Maspburs) in the moth Manduca sexta. Distinct developmental patterns of mRNA transcript and subunit‐specific protein labeling of burs and pburs as well as crustacean cardioactive peptide in neurons of the ventral nervous system were observed in pharate larval, pupal, and adult stages. A subset of bursicon neurons located in thoracic ganglia of larvae expresses ecdysis‐triggering hormone (ETH) receptors, suggesting that they are direct targets of ETH. Projections of bursicon neurons within the CNS and to neurohemal secretory sites are consistent with both central signaling and circulatory hormone functions. Intrinsic cells of the corpora cardiaca contain pburs transcripts and pburs‐like immunoreactivity, whereas burs transcripts and burs‐like immunoreactivity were absent in these cells. Recombinant bursicon induces both wing expansion and tanning, whereas synthetic eclosion hormone induces only wing expansion. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:759–774, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.