Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calibration procedures and first dataset of Southern Ocean chlorophyll a profiles collected by elephant seals equipped with a newly developed CTD-fluorescence tags

Abstract. In situ observation of the marine environment has traditionally relied on ship-based platforms. The obvious consequence is that physical and biogeochemical properties have been dramatically undersampled, especially in the remote Southern Ocean (SO). The difficulty in obtaining in situ data represents the major limitations to our understanding, and interpretation of the coupling between physical forcing and the biogeochemical response. Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) equipped with a new generation of oceanographic sensors can measure ocean structure in regions and seasons rarely observed with traditional oceanographic platforms. Over the last few years, seals have allowed for a considerable increase in temperature and salinity profiles from the SO, but we were still lacking information on the spatiotemporal variation of phytoplankton concentration. This information is critical to assess how the biological productivity of the SO, with direct consequences on the amount of CO2 "fixed'' by the biological pump, will respond to global warming. In this research programme, we use an innovative sampling fluorescence approach to quantify phytoplankton concentration at sea. For the first time, a low energy consumption fluorometer was added to Argos CTD-SRDL tags, and these novel instruments were deployed on 27 southern elephant seals between 25 December 2007 and the 4 February 2011. As many as 3388 fluorescence profiles associated with temperature and salinity measurements were thereby collected from a vast sector of the Southern Indian Ocean. This paper addresses the calibration issue of the fluorometer before being deployed on elephant seals and presents the first results obtained for the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. This in situ system is implemented in synergy with satellite ocean colour radiometry. Satellite-derived data is limited to the surface layer and is restricted over the SO by extensive cloud cover. However, with the addition of these new tags, we are able to assess the 3-dimension distribution of phytoplankton concentration by foraging southern elephant seals. This approach reveals that for the Indian sector of the SO, the surface chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations provided by MODIS were underestimated by a factor 2 compared to chl a concentrations estimated from HPLC corrected in situ fluorescence measurements. The scientific outcomes of this programme include an improved understanding of both the present state and variability in ocean biology, and the accompanying biogeochemistry, as well as the delivery of real-time and open-access data to scientists ( doi:10.7491/MEMO.1 ).
Spatial arrangement of the human genome and its possible functional role

In eukaryotic cell nuclei genomic DNA interacts with histones to form nucleosomes; arrays of nucleosomes are packaged into chromatin fibers that constitute chromatin in interphase cell nuclei, chromatides and chromosomes in mitotic cells. In the chromatin of the cell nucleus chromosome territories can be distinguished occupying well defined nuclear subvolumes (for review see Cremer and Cremer, 2001).
Job exposure to the public in relation with alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use: Findings from the CONSTANCES cohort study

Objectives To examine the associations between job exposure to the public (e.g., customers, guests, users of a public service, patients) and alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use. Methods From the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, 16,566 men and 17,426 women currently working were included between 2012 and 2016. They reported their exposure to the public (daily versus no daily), and among the daily exposed participants (10,323 men and 13,318 women), the frequency of stressful exposure (often versus rarely). Dependent variables were: chronic alcohol consumption (<1(1), 1-27(1–13), 28-42(14–28), >42(28) drinks per week in men(women)), heavy episodic drinking (never, at most once a month, more than once a month), alcohol use risk with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (mild, dangerous, problematic or dependence), tobacco use (non-smoker, former smoker, 1–9, 10–19, >19 cigarettes per day) and cannabis use (never, not in past year, less than once a month, once a month or more). Logistic regressions provided odds ratios of substance use, stratifying for gender and adjusting for sociodemographic confounders, depression, effort-reward imbalance and perceived health status. Results Exposed men had higher risks of alcohol (chronic alcohol consumption, heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use risk), tobacco and cannabis use. Exposed women had higher risks of tobacco and cannabis use. In men, stressful exposure was associated with increased risks of heavy episodic drinking, tobacco and cannabis use. In women, stressful exposure was associated with increased risks of chronic alcohol consumption, alcohol use risk, tobacco and cannabis use. All these findings remained significant in multivariable analyses, taking into account sociodemographic variables, depressive symptoms, perceived health status and effort-reward imbalance. Conclusions Interventions to reduce emotional job demand should systematically integrate assessment and prevention measures of addictive behaviors. Vulnerable workers may be offered more specific interventions to reduce the impact of exposure to the public on their substance use.
Cell Forming and Cell Balancing of Virtual Cellular Manufacturing Systems with Alternative Processing Routes Using Genetic Algorithm

Cellular manufacturing (CM) is one of the most important subfields in the design of manufacturing systems and as a recently emerged field of study and practice, virtual cellular manufacturing (VCM) inherits the importance from CM. One type of VCM problems is VCM with alternative processing routes from which the route for processing each part should be selected. In this research, a bi-objective mathematical programming model is designed in order to obtain optimal routing of parts, the layout of machines and the assignment of cells to locations and to minimize the production costs and to balance the cell loads. The proposed mathematical model is solved by multi-choice goal programming (MCGP). Since CM models are NP-Hard, a genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized to solve the model for large-sized problem instances and the results obtained from both methods are compared. Finally, a conclusion is made and some visions for future works are offered.Cellular manufacturing (CM) is one of the most important subfields in the design of manufacturing systems and as a recently emerged field of study and practice, virtual cellular manufacturing (VCM) inherits the importance from CM. One type of VCM problems is VCM with alternative processing routes from which the route for processing each part should be selected. In this research, a bi-objective mathematical programming model is designed in order to obtain optimal routing of parts, the layout of machines and the assignment of cells to locations and to minimize the production costs and to balance the cell loads. The proposed mathematical model is solved by multi-choice goal programming (MCGP). Since CM models are NP-Hard, a genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized to solve the model for large-sized problem instances and the results obtained from both methods are compared. Finally, a conclusion is made and some visions for future works are offered.
The importance of shallow hydrothermal island arc systems in ocean biogeochemistry

Hydrothermal venting often occurs at submarine volcanic calderas on island arc chains, typically at shallower depths than mid–ocean ridges. The effect of these systems on ocean biogeochemistry has been under‐investigated to date. Here we show that hydrothermal effluent from an island arc caldera was rich in Fe(III) colloids (0.02–0.2 µm; 46% of total Fe), contributing to a fraction of hydrothermal Fe that was stable in ocean water. Iron(III) colloids from island arc calderas may be transferred into surrounding waters (generally 0–1500 m depth) by ocean currents, thereby potentially stimulating surface ocean primary productivity. Hydrothermal Fe oxyhydroxide particles (>0.2 µm) were also pervasive in the studied caldera and contained high concentrations of oxyanions of phosphorus (P), vanadium (V), arsenic (As), and manganese (Mn). Hydrothermal island arcs may be responsible for > 50% of global hydrothermal P scavenging and > 40% V scavenging, despite representing <10% of global hydrothermal fluid flow.
Relationships among subjective norms, gender, acculturation and the intention to engage in risky sexual behaviors among us-based Nigerians

THE INTENTION TO ENGAGE IN RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIORS AMONG US-BASED NIGERIANS By OLATUBOSUN O. ALOBA A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-Newark Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Nursing written under the direction of Charlotte Thomas-Hawkins, PhD, RN and approved by ______________________________________________________________
Services Trade Liberalization at the Regional Level: Does Southern and Eastern Africa Stand to Gain from Epa Negotiations?

Given the sluggish progress in multilateral trade negotiations Southern and Eastern African negotiators are likely to focus their attention on the negotiations of Economic Partnership Agreements with the European Union. This paper analyses possible advantages and disadvantages for ACP countries of including the services sector in these regional agreements. It describes the latest developments in a number of services sectors, including financial services, tourism and business services. Particular attention is paid to the possible role of mode 4 flows. For each individual sector the role of regulation, the importance of first mover advantages and the possible role of foreign technical assistance are discussed. The paper attempts to identify possible export opportunities for ACP countries and analyses the risks and benefits for these countries of giving preferential access to EU suppliers in those services sectors where African countries are likely to import.
A Low Power Self-healing Resilient Microarchitecture for PVT Variability Mitigation

Nowadays, the high power density and the process, voltage, and temperature variations became the most critical issues that limit the performance of the digital integrated circuits because of the continuous scaling of the fabrication technology. Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling technique is used to reduce the power consumption while different error recovery techniques are used to tolerate the process, voltage, and temperature variations. These techniques reduce the throughput by scaling down the frequency or flushing and restarting the errant pipeline. A resilient microarchitecture is introduced in this paper to tolerate the induced delays generated by the voltage scaling and the process, voltage, and temperature variations. This resilient microarchitecture detects and recovers the induced errors without flushing the pipeline and without scaling down the operating frequency. A resilient 16 b $\times16$ b MAC unit was fabricated using Global Foundry 65-nm technology with 18.26% area overhead and upto $1.65\times $ speedup. At the typical conditions, the maximum frequency of the conventional MAC unit is about 375 MHz while the resilient MAC unit operates correctly at a frequency upto 620 MHz. In case of variations, the resilient MAC unit tolerates induced delays up to 50% of the clock period while keeping its throughput equal to the conventional MAC unit’s maximum throughput. At 375 MHz, the resilient MAC unit is able to scale down the supply voltage from 1.2 to 1 V saving about 29% of the power consumed by the conventional MAC unit.
Non-local scan consolidation for 3D urban scenes

Recent advances in scanning technologies, in particular devices that extract depth through active sensing, allow fast scanning of urban scenes. Such rapid acquisition incurs imperfections: large regions remain missing, significant variation in sampling density is common, and the data is often corrupted with noise and outliers. However, buildings often exhibit large scale repetitions and self-similarities. Detecting, extracting, and utilizing such large scale repetitions provide powerful means to consolidate the imperfect data. Our key observation is that the same geometry, when scanned multiple times over reoccurrences of instances, allow application of a simple yet effective non-local filtering. The multiplicity of the geometry is fused together and projected to a base-geometry defined by clustering corresponding surfaces. Denoising is applied by separating the process into off-plane and in-plane phases. We show that the consolidation of the reoccurrences provides robust denoising and allow reliable completion of missing parts. We present evaluation results of the algorithm on several LiDAR scans of buildings of varying complexity and styles.
Adult T Cell Leukemia‐like Disease Experimentally Induced in Rabbits

An HTLV‐I‐transformed T cell line, obtained from the peripheral blood of a virus‐infected (B/J × Chbb:HM) F1 rabbit, was able to kill syngeneic newborn rabbits within 7 days, when inoculated intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 × 108 cells. Inoculation of 1 × 107 cells killed or rendered moribund 50% of inoculated animals, while surviving animals exhibited cell‐mediated cytotoxic activities against the transformed cells. The peripheral blood leukocyte counts increased in all surviving animals, in association with appearance of abnormal lymphocytes with convoluted or lobulated nuclei. Pathological examination of animals that died one week post‐inoculation revealed no tumors in the abdominal cavity, but accumulation of ascites containing abnormal lymphocytes. Histological examination showed leukemic infiltration in the liver, lungs, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. The same cell line was also able to kill syngeneic adult rabbits in 8–10 days when inoculated intravenously, but not intraperitoneally, at a dose of 1 × 108 cells. Leukemic infiltration was observed in the major organs of these animals. Adult animals which were already virus carriers were resistant to this lethal inoculation. This rabbit ATL‐like disease may prove to be useful as an experimental model for acute adult T cell leukemia.
Reviving Sequential Program Birthmarking for Multithreaded Software Plagiarism Detection

As multithreaded programs become increasingly popular, plagiarism of multithreaded programs starts to plague the software industry. Although there has been tremendous progress on software plagiarism detection technology, existing dynamic birthmark approaches are applicable only to sequential programs, due to the fact that thread scheduling nondeterminism severely perturbs birthmark generation and comparison. We propose a framework called TOB (Thread-oblivious dynamic Birthmark) that revives existing techniques so they can be applied to detect plagiarism of multithreaded programs. This is achieved by thread-oblivious algorithms that shield the influence of thread schedules on executions. We have implemented a set of tools collectively called TOB-PD (TOB based Plagiarism Detection tool) by applying TOB to three existing representative dynamic birthmarks, including SCSSB (System Call Short Sequence Birthmark), DYKIS (DYnamic Key Instruction Sequence birthmark) and JB (an API based birthmark for Java). Our experiments conducted on large number of binary programs show that our approach exhibits strong resilience against state-of-the-art semantics-preserving code obfuscation techniques. Comparisons against the three existing tools SCSSB, DYKIS and JB show that the new framework is effective for plagiarism detection of multithreaded programs. The tools, the benchmarks and the experimental results are all publicly available.
Service-Learning with the Mentally Ill: Softening the Stigma.

Stigmas toward those who have mental illnesses are wide-spread and detrimental to the health and wellbeing of those suffering from these debilitating conditions, and to society as a whole. Stigma-reducing programs are plentiful but many are only marginally effective. In this paper we describe and evaluate a course in Psychopathology that included service-learning and reflection activities as central course components. Compared to a control group, service-learners’ attitudes toward the mentally ill were more uniformly positive and compassionate after they completed the course. We discuss these results from a broad service-learning perspective. Negative attitudes or stigmas toward those who have mental illness are real, painful, and damaging. Graf and colleagues (2004) reported that for people with mental illnesses, experiencing negative social stigma is strongly associated with a lower overall quality of life. According to the United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), negative stigmas discouragepeoplewithmentalillnessfromgettingmental health treatment; keep them from getting good jobs and advancing in the workplace; lead to fear, mistrust,andviolence;resultininadequateinsurance coverage; and can lead to prejudice and discrimination (National Mental Health Information Center, 2008). Stigmas against the mentally ill are common in today’s society. Johnstone (2001) observed that
Food Elimination Diet and Nutritional Deficiency in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Certain types of foods are common trigger for bowel symptoms such as abdominal discomfort or pain in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). But indiscriminate food exclusions from their diet can lead extensive nutritional deficiencies. The aim of this study was to investigate nutritional status, food restriction and nutrient intake status in IBD patients. A total 104 patients (food exclusion group: n = 49; food non-exclusion group: n = 55) participated in the survey. The contents were examined by 3 categories: 1) anthropometric and nutritional status; 2) diet beliefs and food restriction; and 3) nutrient intake. The malnutrition rate was significantly higher in the food exclusion group (p = 0.007) compared to food non-exclusion group. Fifty-nine percent of patients in the food exclusion group held dietary beliefs and reported modifying their intake according to their dietary belief. The most common restricted food was milk, dairy products (32.7%), raw fish (24.5%), deep-spicy foods (22.4%), and ramen (18.4%). The mean daily intake of calcium (p = 0.002), vitamin A (p < 0.001), and zinc (p = 0.001) were significantly lower in the food exclusion group. Considering malnutrition in IBD patients, nutrition education by trained dietitians is necessary for the patients to acquire disease-related knowledge and overall balanced nutrition as part of strategies in treating and preventing nutrition deficiencies.
A Case‐Control Study of Gastric Cancer and Diet in Northern Kyushu, Japan

A case‐control study of gastric cancer was done in a rural area of northern Kyushu, Japan, in relation to dietary habits especially focusing on the relationship with the consumption of broiled fish. The study was based upon 139 cases of newly diagnosed gastric cancer at a single institution, 2,574‐ hospital controls and 278 controls sampled randomly from the residents of the study area (with sex and year of birth matched). No association was observed between the consumption of broiled fish and gastric cancer risk whether three types of broiled fish (raw fish, dried fish and salted fish) were analyzed separately or as a single category. However, consistently in the comparisons with both sets of controls, the risk of gastric cancer was inversely related with the consumption of fruits and positively associated with cigarette smoking. A decreased risk of gastric cancer was also noted among those with high consumption of green tea (10 or more cups per day).
Information theoretic upper bound on the capacity of wireless backhaul networks

We derive an information theoretic upper bound on the capacity of a wireless backhaul network modeled as a classical random extended network, except that we assume the number of antennas at each base station (BS) also scales up as an arbitrary function of network size. The antenna scaling is justified because of the increasing maturity of higher transmission frequencies which enables us to pack large number of antennas in small form factors. The main technical arguments are based on the generalization of geometric exponential stripping technique of [1] to channel matrices with complex-valued channel gains. An important consequence of our result is a lower bound on the number of antennas per BS required for network scalability.
Depression, antidepressants, and bone mineral density in a population-based cohort.

BACKGROUND It is uncertain whether depression and antidepressant use are associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and whether these relationships differ for men and women. METHODS The study used a case-cohort design within the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, a population-based sample of adults that recently completed its 23-year follow-up. Depression was measured at four time points during the follow-up period by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Lower spine BMD was measured at the fourth wave by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The association of BMD with lifetime history of depression and antidepressant medication use was studied using linear regression with bootstrap standard errors. RESULTS A history of depression was associated with lower spine BMD after controlling for age, sex, race, calcium intake, alcohol use, smoking status, level of physical activity, percent body fat, and antidepressant medication use (-0.140 g/cm(2); p <. 002). After controlling for depression, antidepressant medication use was associated with decreased BMD in women but not in men (-0.218 g/cm(2); p <. 016). CONCLUSIONS A history of depression predicted decreased lumbar spine BMD in men and women, and antidepressant use predicted decreased BMD in women even after controlling for depression. The magnitude of the effect of depression on BMD was approximately equivalent to 1 standard deviation in BMD and was therefore clinically significant. Providers should be aware of the physiologic consequences of depression as well as the possible risks to bone strength associated with antidepressant use in older patients.
Different or alike? Comparing computer-based and paper-based card sorting

In times of increasing importance of e-commerce solutions, designing for usability has been one focal point of interest of human-computer interaction and marketing research. While internet usability research is progressing tremendously, research on intranet usability is rather scarce. But especially in the firm context, poor usability of intranet portals imposes significant costs on companies as employees need more time obtaining the information they need for their work. The author conducted a laboratory experiment to compare paper-based and computer-based card sorting for usability evaluation and come to the conclusion that there is a significant difference of results regarding the application of the two compared methods optimizing an intranet portal and derive implications for usability testing.