Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who Uses Groups to Transcend the Limits of the Individual Self? Exploring the Effects of Interdependent Self-Construal and Mortality Salience on Investment in Social Groups

Terror management theory posits that people identify with and invest in culturally derived social groups, in part, to attach the self to something more permanent than one’s physical existence. Accordingly, research demonstrates that reminders of mortality (mortality salience) increase investment in culturally derived in-groups. The current research extends this analysis by examining whether amplified in-group investment following mortality salience is primarily characteristic of people who define the self in terms of social groups (interdependent self-construal). Three studies provided support for this assertion. Mortality salience increased: identification with one’s nation among Chinese (high interdependence culture) but not American (low interdependence culture) participants (Study 1); positivity toward one’s university for students with high, but not low, interdependent self-construal (Study 2); and willingness to self-sacrifice for one’s religious group among participants induced to adopt an interdependent (vs. independent) self-construal (Study 3).
Instrument Identification in Polyphonic Music: Feature Weighting to Minimize Influence of Sound Overlaps

We provide a new solution to the problem of feature variations caused by the overlapping of sounds in instrument identification in polyphonic music. When multiple instruments simultaneously play, partials (harmonic components) of their sounds overlap and interfere, which makes the acoustic features different from those of monophonic sounds. To cope with this, we weight features based on how much they are affected by overlapping. First, we quantitatively evaluate the influence of overlapping on each feature as the ratio of the within-class variance to the between-class variance in the distribution of training data obtained from polyphonic sounds. Then, we generate feature axes using a weighted mixture that minimizes the influence via linear discriminant analysis. In addition, we improve instrument identification using musical context. Experimental results showed that the recognition rates using both feature weighting and musical context were 84.1 for duo, 77.6 for trio, and 72.3 for quartet; those without using either were 53.4, 49.6, and 46.5, respectively.
Drug Seeking Becomes Compulsive After Prolonged Cocaine Self-Administration

Compulsive drug use in the face of adverse consequences is a hallmark feature of addiction, yet there is little preclinical evidence demonstrating the actual progression from casual to compulsive drug use. Presentation of an aversive conditioned stimulus suppressed drug seeking in rats with limited cocaine self-administration experience, but no longer did so after an extended cocaine-taking history. In contrast, after equivalent extended sucrose experience, sucrose seeking was still suppressed by an aversive conditioned stimulus. Persistent cocaine seeking in the presence of signals of environmental adversity after a prolonged cocaine-taking history was not due to impaired fear conditioning, nor to an increase in the incentive value of cocaine, and may reflect the establishment of compulsive behavior.
Recognising Adulthood? Young Adults’ Accomplishment of their Age Identities

This article seeks to extend work in the growing sociology of adulthood. It considers the debate that young people in the UK and other advanced industrial societies now face challenges to their adulthood; in particular, that they experience problems of social recognition. Using membership categorisation analysis (MCA) the article then illustrates how members of a sample of 23 young people who had taken a gap year, a break in their educational careers taken between leaving school/college and university, use talk about changes in their relationships with their parents during this period of their lives to accomplish an adult identity in their current context. The article considers the ramifications of these findings and the consequences for studying adulthood more generally.
Graphene Field-Effect Transistors for In Vitro and Ex Vivo Recordings

Recording extracellular potentials from electrogenic cells (especially neurons) is the hallmark destination of modern bioelectronics. While fabrication of flexible and biocompatible <italic>in vivo</italic> devices via silicon technology is complicated and time-consuming, graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs), instead, can easily be fabricated on flexible and biocompatible substrates. In this work, we compare GFETs fabricated on rigid (SiO<sub>2 </sub>/Si and sapphire) and flexible (polyimide) substrates. The GFETs, fabricated on the polyimide, exhibit extremely large transconductance values, up to 11 mS·V<sup>–1</sup>, and mobility over 1750 cm<sup>2</sup> ·V<sup>–1</sup>·s<sup>–1</sup>. <italic>In vitro</italic> recordings from cardiomyocyte-like cell culture are performed by GFETs on a rigid transparent substrate (sapphire). Via multichannel measurement, we are able to record and analyze both: difference in action potentials as well as their spatial propagation over the chip. Furthermore, the controllably flexible polyimide-on-steel (PIonS) substrates are able to <italic>ex vivo</italic> record electrical signals from primary embryonic rat heart tissue. Considering the flexibility of PIonS chips, together with the excellent sensitivity, we open up a new road into graphene-based <italic>in vivo</italic> biosensing.
lmbench: Portable Tools for Performance Analysis

lmbench is a micro-benchmark suite designed to focus attention on the basic building blocks of many common system applications, such as databases, simulations, software development, and networking. In almost all cases, the individual tests are the result of analysis and isolation of a customer's actual performance problem. These tools can be, and currently are, used to compare different system implementations from different vendors. In several cases, the benchmarks have uncovered previously unknown bugs and design flaws. The results have shown a strong correlation between memory system performance and overall performance. lmbench includes an extensible database of results from systems current as of late 1995.
A Microwave Dielectric Biosensor Based on Suspended Distributed MEMS Transmission Lines

Design and characterization of a miniature microwave dielectric biosensor based on distributed microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) transmission lines (DMTL) is reported in this paper. The biosensor has been realized by bonding the DMTL device with an acrylic fluidic channel. In order to demonstrate the sensing mechanism, the sensor is used to detect the small variation of the concentration of aqueous glucose solutions by measuring the electromagnetic resonant frequency shift of the device. It is observed from the results that the second notch of the reflection coefficient (S11) varies from 7.66 to 7.93 GHz and the third notch of the reflection coefficient varies from 15.81 to 15.24 GHz when the concentration of the glucose solution ranges from 0 to 347 mg/ml, which indicates that higher order notches have higher sensitivities if looking at the absolute change in frequency.
Copulation with immature females increases male fitness in cannibalistic widow spiders

Copulatory cannibalism of male ‘widow’ spiders (genus Latrodectus) is a model example of the extreme effects of sexual selection, particularly in L. hasselti and L. geometricus where males typically facilitate cannibalism by females and mate only once. We show that these males can increase their reproductive success by copulating with final-instar, immature females after piercing the female's exoskeleton to access her newly developed sperm storage organs. Females retain sperm through their final moult and have similar fecundity to adult-mated females. This is an adaptive male tactic because immature mating increases insemination success relative to adult mating (which predicts higher paternity) and moreover, rarely ends in cannibalism, so males can mate again. Although successful only during a brief period before the female's final moult, males may employ this tactic when they associate with final-instar females in nature. Consistent with this, one-third of L. hasselti females collected as immatures in nature were already mated. Immature mating alters sexual selection on these otherwise monogynous males, and may explain male traits allowing facultative polygyny in Latrodectus. Since male cohabitation with immature females is common among invertebrates, immature mating may be a widespread, previously unrecognized mating tactic, particularly when unmated females are of high reproductive value.
Mobile Game Based Learning: Can It Enhance Learning Of Marginalized Peer Educators?

This paper describes an investigatory project to pilot an SMS based game to enhance the training of peer educators of MSM Males having Sex with Males groups in India. The objective of this research was to increase the efficacy of the MSM peer educators by bridging the gap between the training needs and their real life experiences. An SMS based game was designed using participatory approaches as a learning support, upholding their real life experiences in game form. The game was designed on an existing platform which provides text role-play games accessed through SMS messages. This paper examines the learning benefits. The findings show that after the intervention the peer educators had better understanding of peer education and organizational support. They also learnt to think critically.
Community Development Programs in Nepal: A Test of Diffusion of Innovation Theory

Many community development programs in developing countries distribute new technology to the rural poor to improve their quality of life. One such technology distributed widely is the improved cookstove. In disseminating improved cookstoves, community development programs have encountered social, cultural, and economic barriers to adoption. In this article, we examine the effect of several social-psychological factors, derived from diffusion of innovation theory, on adoption of new stoves. The analysis and findings are based on research conducted in central Nepal. We tested the hypotheses using a structural-modeling approach. All models were tested with the Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) program. We find that cultural compatibility and relative advantage are crucial for adoption of a new technology. We also find that complexity of a technology is not a deterrent to successful adoption and knowledge of a technology is not sufficient for adoption.
Counting solutions to conjunctive queries: structural and hybrid tractability

Counting the number of answers to conjunctive queries is an intractable problem, formally #P-hard, even over classes of acyclic queries. However, Durand and Mengel have recently introduced the notion of quantified star size that, combined with hypertree decompositions, identifies islands of tractability for the problem. They also wonder whether such a notion precisely characterizes those classes for which the counting problem is tractable. We show that this is the case only for bounded-arity simple queries, where relation symbols cannot be shared by different query atoms. Indeed, we give a negative answer to the question in the general case, by exhibiting a more powerful structural method based on the novel concept of #-generalized hypertree decomposition. On classes of queries with bounded #-generalized hypertree width, counting answers is shown to be feasible in polynomial time, after a fixed-parameter polynomial-time preprocessing that only depends on the query structure. A weaker variant (but still more general than the technique based on the quantified starsize) is also proposed, for which tractability is established without any exponential dependency on the query size. Based on #-generalized hypertree decompositions, a hybrid decomposition method is eventually conceived, where structural properties of the query are exploited in combination with properties of the given database, such as keys or other (weaker) dependencies among attributes that limit the allowed combinations of values. Intuitively, such features may induce different structural properties that are not identified by the worst-possible database perspective of purely structural methods.
DubTouch: exploring human to human touch interaction for gaming in double sided displays

Human to human touch interaction (social touch) has not been investigated thoroughly as a control apparatus for gaming purposes although it holds potential. Therefore, we have developed the concept of DubTouch which is an interactive environment comprised of double sided display and touch areas where two players can touch each other. To investigate its potential, we conducted two step research method comprised of a user study and a design workshop. As a result of the user study with 10 participants, 6 categories of social touch patterns are generated. Two of these categories, found both intuitive and exclusive to DubTouch according to our evaluations. Design Workshop, with 10 experts, concluded with two games. The properties of control schemes of these games match with the results of the user study. Moreover, our observations showed that both games have created uncommon gaming experiences by utilizing social touch and by benefiting face to face positions of players.
De novo discovery of phenotypic intratumour heterogeneity using imaging mass spectrometry

An essential and so far unresolved factor influencing the evolution of cancer and the clinical management of patients is intratumour clonal and phenotypic heterogeneity. However, the de novo identification of tumour subpopulations is so far both a challenging and an unresolved task. Here we present the first systematic approach for the de novo discovery of clinically detrimental molecular tumour subpopulations. In this proof‐of‐principle study, spatially resolved, tumour‐specific mass spectra were acquired, using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry, from tissues of 63 gastric carcinoma and 32 breast carcinoma patients. The mass spectra, representing the proteomic heterogeneity within tumour areas, were grouped by a corroborated statistical clustering algorithm in order to obtain segmentation maps of molecularly distinct regions. These regions were presumed to represent different phenotypic tumour subpopulations. This was confirmed by linking the presence of these tumour subpopulations to the patients' clinical data. This revealed several of the detected tumour subpopulations to be associated with a different overall survival of the gastric cancer patients (p = 0.025) and the presence of locoregional metastases in patients with breast cancer (p = 0.036). The procedure presented is generic and opens novel options in cancer research, as it reveals microscopically indistinct tumour subpopulations that have an adverse impact on clinical outcome. This enables their further molecular characterization for deeper insights into the biological processes of cancer, which may finally lead to new targeted therapies. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of kinesio taping application in a patient with secondary lymphedema in breast cancer: a case report

Breast cancer-related lymphedema is one of the complications resulting from treatment. It is defined as arm oedema in the breast cancer patients caused by interruption of the flow of the axillary lymphatic system from surgery or radiation therapy, which results in the accumulation of fluid in the subcutaneous tissue of the arm, with a decrease in tissue distensibility around the joints and an increased weight of the extremity. Decongestive lymphatic therapy is common management for lymphedema. A program combining skin care, manual lymphatic drainage, exercise, and compression therapy (multilayer bandage or garment) is recognised as the best practice in lymphedema management. Kinesio taping (KT) for lymphatic drainage is a new choice in the field of physical therapy. The material and the original concept of the taping technique were introduced by Dr Kenso Kase in 1973. K-tape had been designed to allow 30-40% longitudinal stretch. It is composed of 100% cotton fibers and acrylic heat sensitive glue. Development of the technique for its administration is still ongoing. The paper discusses the case of a woman with breast cancer, in whom lymphedema occurred. The patient had three weeks of therapy. The treatment consisted of 12 manual lymphatic drainage, 12 pneumatic compressions and 3 applications of the KT method (due to the lack of standard multi-layer bandaging). During the measurement of oedema it was noted that KT had a significant effect on the reduction of lymphedema and accelerates healing effects compared to standard methods.
Tactile Paintbrush: A procedural method for generating spatial haptic texture

In this work, we aim to represent tactile textures in such a way that a given texture may be "painted" onto a selected spatial region of a tactile display. We recorded a series of fingertip swipes across eleven textures and stored the data as spatial friction maps - friction as a function of position. We analyzed these maps with a space-frequency transform, and observed stochasticity in our physical measurements. We modeled the randomness in spectral magnitude across space with three distributions: Rayleigh, Rice, and Weibull. We analyzed the quality of parameterizations using goodness of model fit as well as consistency across multiple swipes of the same texture. We found that a two-parameter Weibull model best represented the measured data, and propose to use this model in the Tactile Paintbrush for applying virtual textures to spatial regions.
Benzyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits Prostate Cancer Development in the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) Model, Which Is Associated with the Induction of Cell Cycle G1 Arrest

Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a hydrolysis product of glucotropaeolin, a compound found in cruciferous vegetables, and has been shown to have anti-tumor properties. In the present study, we investigated whether BITC inhibits the development of prostate cancer in the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice. Five-week old, male TRAMP mice and their nontransgenic littermates were gavage-fed with 0, 5, or 10 mg/kg of BITC every day for 19 weeks. The weight of the genitourinary tract increased markedly in TRAMP mice and this increase was suppressed significantly by BITC feeding. H and E staining of the dorsolateral lobes of the prostate demonstrated that well-differentiated carcinoma (WDC) was a predominant feature in the TRAMP mice. The number of lobes with WDC was reduced by BITC feeding while that of lobes with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was increased. BITC feeding reduced the number of cells expressing Ki67 (a proliferation marker), cyclin A, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2 in the prostatic tissue. In vitro cell culture results revealed that BITC decreased DNA synthesis, as well as CDK2 and CDK4 activity in TRAMP-C2 mouse prostate cancer cells. These results indicate that inhibition of cell cycle progression contributes to the inhibition of prostate cancer development in TRAMP mice treated with BITC.
Noisy sorting without resampling

In this paper we study noisy sorting without re-sampling. In this problem there is an unknown order {display equation} where π is a permutation on <i>n</i> elements. The input is the status of (<sup><i>n</i></sup><sub>2</sub>) queries of the form <i>q</i>(<i>a<sub>i</sub>, a<sub>j</sub></i>), for <i>i</i> < <i>j</i>, where <i>q(a<sub>i</sub>, a<sub>j</sub>)</i> = + (-) with probability 1/2 + γ if π(<i>i</i>) > π(<i>j</i>)(π(<i>i</i>) < π(<i>j</i>)) for all pairs <i>i</i> ≠ <i>j</i>, where γ > 0 is a constant. It is assumed that the errors are independent. Given the status of the queries the goal is to find the maximum likelihood order. In other words, the goal is find a permutation σ that minimizes the number of pairs σ(<i>i</i>) > σ(<i>j</i>) where <i>q</i>(σ(<i>i</i>), σ(<i>j</i>)) = -. The problem so defined is the feedback arc set problem on distributions of inputs, each of which is a tournament obtained as a noisy perturbation of a linear order. Note that when γ < 1/2 and <i>n</i> is large, it is impossible to recover the original order π. It is known that the weighted feedback arc set problem on tournaments is NP-hard in general. Here we present an algorithm of running time <i>n<sup>O(γ-4))</sup></i> and sampling complexity <i>O</i>γ (<i>n</i> log <i>n</i>) that with high probability solves the noisy sorting without re-sampling problem. We also show that if <i>a</i><sub>σ(1)</sub>, <i>a</i><sub>σ(2)</sub>, …, <i>a<sub>σ(n)</sub></i> is an optimal solution of the problem then it is "close" to the original order. More formally, with high probability it holds that {display equation}. Our results are of interest in applications to ranking, such as ranking in sports, or ranking of search items based on comparisons by experts.
Optimizing Test Case Execution Schedule using Classifiers

As software evolves, test suite continually grows larger. However running all the test cases in the test suite is prohibitive in most cases. To reduce the cost of regression testing, we can optimize test case execution schedule to maximize the early fault detection rate of the original test suite. Different from previous research, we use classification algorithms to guide the schedule process based on code change information and running result analysis. In particular, we firstly train a classifier for each test case using both the code change information and the running result in previous versions. Then we secondly use the trained classifier to estimate the fault detection probability of the test case in a new version. Finally we generate a test case execution schedule report based on the fault detection probability of all the test cases. To verify the effectiveness of our approach, we performed an empirical study on Siemens Suite, which includes 7 real programs written by C programming language, and chose some typical classification algorithms, such as decision tree classifier, Bayes classifier, or nearest neighbor classifier. Based on the final result, we find that in most cases, our approach can outperform a random approach and then further provide a guideline for achieving cost-effective test case execution schedule when using our approach.
Investigation of the utility of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) framework for fostering self-care in clinical psychology trainees.

Clinical psychology trainees (CPTs) are susceptible to elevated stress. Despite recognition of the need for training in self-care strategies for CPTs, research in this area is limited, with little progress in the evaluation of effective models for guiding self-care training. This study explored the utility of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) framework for identifying processes and strategies to enhance self-care in CPTs. A total of 116 CPTs completed questionnaires in the first year of clinical training. The ACT processes constituted the predictors: values, defusion (measured as thought suppression), mindfulness, and acceptance. The adjustment criterion variables included: stress, distress, life satisfaction, and clinical training satisfaction. The ACT processes explained significant amounts of variance in all of the adjustment outcomes, and thought suppression, values, and acceptance each emerged as significant predictors of 1 or more of the outcomes. With the exception of mindfulness, the ACT processes were related to better adjustment as predicted. The adverse effects of thought suppression were pervasive, whereas the beneficial effects of acceptance and values varied across adjustment outcomes. Acceptance had unexpected suppressor effects on mindfulness in regression analyses on distress and stress. Findings support the utility of the ACT framework for explaining and enhancing adjustment and self-care in CPTs.