Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decrease in PIP2–channel interactions is the final common mechanism involved in PKC‐ and arachidonic acid‐mediated inhibitions of GABAB‐activated K+ current

We showed in our previous study that in hippocampal CA1 neurons the stimulation of muscarinic receptors inhibited the GIRK current (IGIRK) via a PLC/PKC pathway, whereas group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) inhibited IGIRK via a PLA2/arachidonic acid pathway. In this study, we present evidence that receptor‐mediated signalling pathways activated by the two Gq‐coupled receptors (GqPCRs) converge on the inhibition of GIRK channel–PIP2 interaction. IGIRK was activated in acutely isolated hippocampal CA1 neurons by repetitive application of baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist, with a 2–3 min interval. When both CCh and DHPG were pretreated before the second IGIRK activation, the magnitude of the second IGIRK was 52.2 ± 2.5% of the first IGIRK, which was not significantly different from the magnitude of inhibition by CCh or DHPG alone. This result shows that the effects of muscarinic receptor and group I mGluR stimulation on IGIRK are not additive but occlusive, suggesting that each pathway may converge to a common mechanism that finally regulates IGIRK. To test the involvement of PIP2 in this mechanism, the effect of CCh and DHPG on IGIRK was tested in cells loaded with exogenous PIP2. The inhibition of IGIRK by CCh or DHPG was almost completely abolished in PIP2‐loaded cells. We confirmed that the inhibition of IGIRK by direct application of phorbol ester or arachidonic acid was also completely reversed in PIP2‐loaded cells. These results indicate that the decrease in PIP2–channel interactions is the final common mechanism responsible for GqPCR‐induced inhibitions of IGIRK mediated by PKC and arachidonic acid.
A partial evaluation tool for multi-paradigm declarative languages

This article describes a practical (online) partial evaluation tool which is applicable to modern multi-paradigm declarative languages (like, e.g., Curry). The most recent proposal for multiparadigm declarative programming advocates the integration of features from functional, logic and concurrent programming. The developed tool has been successfully integrated into the PAKCS compiler for the language Curry. Keywords— Partial evaluation, Multi-paradigm declarative programming.
The Arabidopsis ATNRT2.7 Nitrate Transporter Controls Nitrate Content in Seeds[W]

In higher plants, nitrate is taken up by root cells where Arabidopsis thaliana NITRATE TRANSPORTER2.1 (ATNRT2.1) chiefly acts as the high-affinity nitrate uptake system. Nitrate taken up by the roots can then be translocated from the root to the leaves and the seeds. In this work, the function of the ATNRT2.7 gene, one of the seven members of the NRT2 family in Arabidopsis, was investigated. High expression of the gene was detected in reproductive organs and peaked in dry seeds. β-Glucuronidase or green fluorescent protein reporter gene expression driven by the ATNRT2.7 promoter confirmed this organ specificity. We assessed the capacity of ATNRT2.7 to transport nitrate in Xenopus laevis oocytes or when it is expressed ectopically in mutant plants deficient in nitrate transport. We measured the impact of an ATNRT2.7 mutation and found no difference from the wild type during vegetative development. By contrast, seed nitrate content was affected by overexpression of ATNRT2.7 or a mutation in the gene. Finally, we showed that this nitrate transporter protein was localized to the vacuolar membrane. Our results demonstrate that ATNRT2.7 plays a specific role in nitrate accumulation in the seed.
Neighbourhood effects on school achievement mediated by problematic behaviour and parenting

Trying to give more insight in neighbourhood effects on adolescent educational achievement, we propose two mediating factors: parenting strategies and problematic behaviour. We test this using the HBSC data of 2009 (N=2683), in which adolescents are surveyed about their behaviour and relationships with friends and parents, and additionally, their parents are interviewed about their child and their parenting. These data are combined with data from Statistics Netherlands, which include neighbourhood level information about real estate value and ethnic variation. The results show that effects of immigrant groups in the neighbourhood on educational achievement are mediated by parenting and problematic behaviour. However, we find no proof that the mean real estate value in a neighbourhood is mediated.
Reducing the Read-Miss Penalty for Flat COMA Protocols

In flat cache-only memory architectures (COMA), an attraction-memory miss must first interrogate a directory before a copy of the requested data can be located, which often involves three network traversals. By keeping track of the identity of a potential holder of the copy-called a hint-one network traversal can be saved which reduces the read penalty. We have evaluated the reduction of the read-miss penalty provided by hints using detailed architectural simulations and four benchmark applications. The results show that a previously proposed protocol using hints can actually make the read-miss penalty larger because when the hint is not correct, an extra network traversal is needed. This has motivated us to study a new protocol, using hints, that simultaneously sends a request to the potential holder and to the directory. This protocol reduces the read-miss penalty for all applications but the protocol complexity does not seem to justify the performance improvement.
First observation of homozygous hemoglobin hamadan (B 56 (D7) GLY‐ARG) and beta thalassemia (‐29 G>A)‐ hemoglobin Hamadan combination in a Turkish family

During screening surveys for beta thalassemia and abnormal hemoglobins in Mugla, a city located in the Aegean Region of Turkey, a hemoglobin variant was detected in two large families residing in two neigboring cities (i.e., Muğla and Aydin) without any clinical signs. Further analysis of the variant revealed it as Hb Hamadan (B 56 (D7) GLY‐ARG). Family screening revealed the father of the propositus as homozygote Hb Hamadan. The grandfather of the index case was detected as combination of Hb Hamadan with beta thalassemia. The beta thalassemia carrier had a promotor mutation at −29 G>A, which is also a novel mutation. Furthermore, we described a simple and rapid restriction enzyme digestion protocol (Hha I) for the verification of Hb Hamadan. The clinical and hematologic data of the index case and his father showed that neither homozygous Hb Hamadan nor combination with beta thalassemia has clinical importance. This is also important especially from the prenatal diagnosis point of view. Am. J. Hematol. 74:280–282, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Controlled Evaluation of Behavioral Treatment With Children With ADHD Attending a Summer Treatment Program

Individual treatment response to behavior modification was examined in the context of a summer treatment program. Four children ages 11 to 12 and diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were examined in a BABAB design in which a comprehensive behavioral program was utilized and withdrawn across an 8-week period. Dependent measures included frequency counts of negative behaviors, rule violations in recreational and classroom settings, and academic seatwork completion and accuracy. Results documented the effectiveness of the behavioral intervention with all 4 children. Some children showed consistent responses regardless of setting,while others showed differential responses in classroom and recreational settings. In general, behavior worsened progressively over days during the withdrawal weeks.The second withdrawal of treatment produced deleterious effects for several children that persisted for a time even when behavior modification was reinstated.The individual response patterns of each of the 4 children are discussed.
A tripartite paternally methylated region within the Gpr1-Zdbf2 imprinted domain on mouse chromosome 1 identified by meDIP-on-chip

The parent-of-origin specific expression of imprinted genes relies on DNA methylation of CpG-dinucleotides at differentially methylated regions (DMRs) during gametogenesis. To date, four paternally methylated DMRs have been identified in screens based on conventional approaches. These DMRs are linked to the imprinted genes H19, Gtl2 (IG-DMR), Rasgrf1 and, most recently, Zdbf2 which encodes zinc finger, DBF-type containing 2. In this study, we applied a novel methylated-DNA immunoprecipitation-on-chip (meDIP-on-chip) method to genomic DNA from mouse parthenogenetic- and androgenetic-derived stem cells and sperm and identified 458 putative DMRs. This included the majority of known DMRs. We further characterized the paternally methylated Zdbf2/ZDBF2 DMR. In mice, this extensive germ line DMR spanned 16 kb and possessed an unusual tripartite structure. Methylation was dependent on DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a), similar to H19 DMR and IG-DMR. In both humans and mice, the adjacent gene, Gpr1/GPR1, which encodes a G-protein-coupled receptor 1 protein with transmembrane domain, was also imprinted and paternally expressed. The Gpr1-Zdbf2 domain was most similar to the Rasgrf1 domain as both DNA methylation and the actively expressed allele were in cis on the paternal chromosome. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of meDIP-on-chip as a technique for identifying DMRs.
Learning to Distinguish PP Arguments from Adjuncts

Words differ in the subcategorisation frames in which they occur, and there is a strong correlation between the semantic arguments of a given word and its subcategorisation frame, so that all its arguments should be included in its subcategorisation frame. One problem is posed by the ambiguity between locative prepositional phrases as arguments of a verb or adjuncts. As the semantics for the verb is the same in both cases, it is difficult to differentiate them, and to learn the appropriate subcategorisation frame. We propose an approach that uses semantically motivated preposition selection and frequency information to determine if a locative PP is an argument or an adjunct. In order to test this approach, we perform an experiment using a computational learning system that receives as input utterances annotated with logical forms. The results obtained indicate that the learner successfully distinguishes between arguments (obligatory and optional) and adjuncts.
Noise and intersymbol-interference properties of OTDM and ETDM receivers

We experimentally and theoretically confirm the similar performance of optical time-division demultiplexing (OTDM) and electrical time-division demultiplexing (ETDM) receivers for beat-noise limited return-to-zero signal detection. OTDM receivers show a slight sensitivity advantage, largely independent of parameters like the receiver's optical filter bandwidth or center frequency. The OTDM sensitivity benefit is caused by reduced intersymbol-interference properties of the OTDM receiver, as well as by the suppression of beat noise by the temporal demultiplexing window. The latter effect can be captured by extended expressions for the beat-noise variances presented in this letter.
Does patient cognition predict time off from work after life-threatening accidents?

OBJECTIVE Accidental injuries are frequent and their socioeconomic consequences enormous. The present study aimed to identify predictors of the number of days of leave taken in a consecutively selected group of accident victims who sustained severe, mostly life-threatening physical trauma. METHOD One hundred patients with severe accidental injuries who were referred to a trauma surgeons' intensive care unit were followed up for 12 months. The main outcome measure was the number of days of leave taken that were attributable to the accident 1 year after the trauma. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis explained 30% of the variance in the number of days of leave taken that were attributable to the accident. Factors contributing to the predictive model were injury severity, type of accident and, most significantly, the patients' subjective self-assessment of accident severity and of their abilities to cope with the accident and its job-related consequences. Patients who perceived the severity of their accident as relatively low and judged their coping abilities as high took a mean 121 days of leave compared to 287 days of leave taken by those who perceived the trauma as relatively severe and were less optimistic regarding their coping abilities. A two-factor analysis of variance showed that patient perceptions of accident severity and their appraisal of their coping abilities made independent contributions to the predicted amount of leave taken. CONCLUSIONS In severely injured accident victims, leave taken because of the accident depended to a considerable degree on the patients' accident-related self-assessment.
JANUS: Design of a software-defined infrastructure manager and its network control architecture

We present an integrated management architecture based on Software-Defined Infrastructure (SDI), an approach where an SDI Manager controls heterogeneous resources with a global view of the entire infrastructure. By exposing APIs on top of our SDI management system, we create a programmatic cloud environment where users can innovate, creating unique applications and services in a software-defined manner. In this paper we first provide an overview of the SDI manager, dubbed JANUS, that was developed and implemented in the SAVI testbed for application platforms. We focus on advanced software-defined network services that can be provided in this SDI environment. We present requirements that must be met by the SDI management system: Pro-active rule installation; Broadcast-free networking; VN creation and management; scalability and extensibility; and support for legacy networks. We describe the Network Control Module of the JANUS SDI Manager which was designed to meet the specified requirements. A key innovation that promotes scalability and performance is a FlowStore that tracks flows and cache rules in the SDN network.
Bayesian Nonparametric Clustering of Network Traffic Data

We introduce a Bayesian nonparametric method for the cluste ring of network flows, sequences of packets observed during the communicati on between pairs of hosts. Our goal is to infer the application types without i nspecting in detail the content of each packet, avoiding the so called DPI (Deep P acket Inspection). Instead, we only use simple to derive features such as packet size or direction (upload/download) and represent each flow by a sequence of symbo ls from a finite alphabet. The flows are naturally modeled as a mixture of Mark ov models, generated by a Dirichlet process. We have implemented a blocked Gibbs sampler for inferring cluster assignments by integrating out the model parameters. The clustering results obtained on data captured from a real network seems to be coherent.
Unconjugated Bilirubin Modulates the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function in a Human-Derived In Vitro Model

Unconjugated bilirubin promotes intestinal secretion without affecting nutrient digestion or absorption. In the current study, the effects of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) on the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium were investigated. The apical side of human intestinal cell line Caco-2 monolayers was challenged with purified UCB. Transepithelial electrical resistance and paracellular fluxes of 10 kD Cascade blue conjugate dextran were measured. Cell monolayer viability was studied using LDH release and trypan blue exclusion tests. Redistribution of enterocyte tight junction occludin was studied by confocal microscopy. Bilirubin induced a dose-dependent decrease of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). This effect was maximal at 6 h and tended to be reversed at 48 h. Oxidated bilirubin was ineffective. Bilirubin significantly increased fluorescent dextran paracellular passage. Cell viability was not affected by UCB over the 5–200 nmol/L concentration range. Finally, bilirubin triggered a reversible redistribution of tight junctional occludin. UCB increases the permeability of intestinal epithelium. This effect is reversible, dependent on the redox status of the molecule and the rearrangement of the tight junction. These data attribute to bilirubin a novel role of functional modulator of intestinal paracellular permeability in vitro.
A Hormonal Regulatory Module That Provides Flexibility to Tropic Responses1[C][W]

Plants orient their growth depending on directional stimuli such as light and gravity, in a process known as tropic response. Tropisms result from asymmetrical accumulation of auxin across the responding organ relative to the direction of the stimulus, which causes differential growth rates on both sides of the organ. Here, we show that gibberellins (GAs) attenuate the gravitropic reorientation of stimulated hypocotyls of dark-grown Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. We show that the modulation occurs through induction of the expression of the negative regulator of auxin signaling INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE19/MASSUGU2. The biological significance of this regulatory mechanism involving GAs and auxin seems to be the maintenance of a high degree of flexibility in tropic responses. This notion is further supported by observations that GA-deficient seedlings showed a much lower variance in the response to gravity compared to wild-type seedlings and that the attenuation of gravitropism by GAs resulted in an increased phototropic response. This suggests that the interplay between auxin and GAs may be particularly important for plant orientation under competing tropic stimuli.
The association between first trimester micronutrient intake, MTHFR genotypes, and global DNA methylation in pregnant women

Objective. Our aim was to evaluate possible associations between consumption of micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism, MTHFR genotypes, and global DNA methylation in pregnant women. Methods. A semi-quantitative dietary questionnaire was administered to 195 women during their first trimester in Morelos, Mexico. Two functional polymorphisms of the key folate-metabolizing gene, i.e. MTHFR 677 C>T and 1298 A>C, as well as global DNA methylation were assessed in peripheral blood drawn during the interview. Results. Independent of maternal age and caloric intake, vitamin B6 deficiency was associated with 1.8 fold increased risk of hypomethylation in women carrying the MTHFR 677 T allele. Conclusions. There exists a subpopulation that is more susceptible to B vitamin deficiencies.
Assessment of a Parametric Hurricane Surface Wind Model for Tropical Cyclones in the Gulf of Mexico

Tropical cyclones, which generate storm surges, wind waves, and flooding at landfall, are a major threat to human life and property in coastal regions throughout the world. The Unit‐ ed States, the northern Gulf of Mexico, and in particular the Louisiana Gulf coast, are very susceptible to the impacts of frequent tropical storms and hurricanes due to its tropical/ subtropical location and unique bathymetric, geometric, and landscape features. Severe coastal flooding, enormous property damage, and loss of life are ubiquitously associated with tropical cyclone landfalls, and this devastation was no more evident than during Hur‐ ricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005, and Gustav and Ike in 2008. Over 1800 people lost their lives and several major coastal populations were crippled for months after the hurricanes passed. It is critically important to make timely and accurate forecasts of hurricane winds, surge, and waves. The prediction of hurricane surface winds is of specific importance be‐ cause it directly forces storm surge and wave models, and controls their forecast accuracy.
The Mediating Role of Employee Commitment on the Relationship between Perceived Supervisor Support and Role Reversal

The concept of employee commitment is acquiring greater significance among academic circles and practitioners in India. Even though literature on employee commitment has blossomed progressively over the past two decades, there is a relative shortage of empirical studies in this area, especially in Indian context. The objective of the present study is to extend the research on the relationship between perceived supervisor support & role reversal by examining the mediating role of employee commitment. Respondents to the survey were 200 employees working in three SPVs (Special purpose vehicle) in Kerala, India. Correlation & regression analysis were used to test the research hypothesis. Specifically Baron & Kenny’s method was used for testing the hypothesis of mediation. Results indicate the significant relationship exist between perceived supervisor support and employee commitment, perceived supervisor support & role reversal. Employee commitment was found to partially mediate the relationship between perceived supervisor support & role reversal. This study provides insight into the influence of perceived supervisor support and employee commitment on role reversal. An important contribution of this paper is positioning employee commitment as a means through which organizational resources are linked to employee outcomes.
Escala de interação com pares: construção e evidências de validade para estudantes do ensino superior

The relationships that students establish with pairs are important to their learning and to their psychosocial and cognitive development. In view of this, this study presents the construction and evidence of the validity of the Pair Interaction Scale for higher education students. 1070 university students with an average of 23 years of age (SD=6.5) participated in the research. The exploratory factor analysis indicated a multidimensional structure, composed of the factors: social interactions, intimate interactions, academic interactions related to offering help and academic interactions with emphasis on receiving help. The confirmatory factor analysis highlighted the suitability of the data to the factor structure (CFI=0.978; GFI=0.980; RMSEA=0.06). The regression coefficients of the items in relation to the factors were satisfactory (0.55<s<0.86) and the indicators of internal consistency of each factor are suitable (0.72<α<0.85). Such results signal the existence of acceptable psychometric parameters and efficiency in the utilization of the instrument is suggested.