Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calcium Influx Factor from Cytochrome P-450 Metabolism and Secretion-like Coupling Mechanisms for Capacitative Calcium Entry in Corneal Endothelial Cells*

Notwithstanding extensive efforts, the mechanism of capacitative calcium entry (CCE) remains unclear. Two seemingly opposed theories have been proposed: secretion-like coupling (Patterson, R. L., van Rossum, D. B., and Gill, D. L. (1999) Cell 98, 487–499) and the calcium influx factor (CIF) (Randriamampita, C., and Tsien, R. Y. (1993)Nature 364, 809–814). In the current study, a combinatorial approach was taken to investigate the mechanism of CCE in corneal endothelial cells. Induction of cytochrome P-450s by β-naphthoflavone (BN) enhanced CCE measured by Sr2+ entry after store depletion. 5,6-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (5,6-EET), a proposed CIF generated by cytochrome P-450s (Rzigalinski, B. A., Willoughby, K. A., Hoffman, S. W., Falck, J. R., and Ellis, E. F. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 175–182), induced Ca2+ entry. Both BN-enhanced CCE and the 5,6-EET-induced Ca2+ entry were inhibited by the CCE blocker 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, indicating a role for cytochrome P-450s in CCE. Treatment with calyculin A (CalyA), which causes condensation of cortical cytoskeleton, inhibited CCE. The actin polymerization inhibitor cytochalasin D partially reversed the inhibition of CCE by CalyA, suggesting a secretion-like coupling mechanism for CCE. However, CalyA could not inhibit CCE in BN-treated cells, and 5,6-EET caused a partial activation of CCE in CalyA-treated cells. These results further support the notion that cytochrome P-450 metabolites may be CIFs. The vesicular transport inhibitor brefeldin A inhibited CCE in both vehicle- and BN-treated cells. Surprisingly, Sr2+ entry in the absence of store depletion was enhanced in BN-treated cells, which was also inhibited by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate. An integrative model suggests that both CIF from cytochrome P-450 metabolism and secretion-like coupling mechanisms play roles in CCE in corneal endothelial cells.
Structure and Mechanism of a Transmission Blocking Vaccine Candidate Protein Pfs25 from P. falciparum: A Molecular Modeling and Docking Study

Malaria is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium. The parasite Plasmodium completes its life cycle inside two hosts, i. e. human and mosquito. Among all known Plasmodium species, Plasmodium falciparum is known to cause maximum mortality. Various studies done on the mosquito stages of the parasite suggest that the proteins present on the parasite's surface are responsible for its survival under the adverse conditions prevailing in the mosquito midgut. When human blood containing Plasmodium gametocytes enters the mosquito gut, the gametocytes form gametes which then fuse to form zygotes. At this stage two closely related proteins, Pfs25 and Pfs28 are expressed on the surface of the parasite which continue to express up to the young oocyst stage. These proteins present on zygotes, ookinetes and young oocysts of Plasmodium are categorized in P25 and P28 families and are well known malaria vaccine candidate proteins. In this study, we have done sequence analysis, homology modeling and docking studies of a typical member of the P25 family of ookinete surface protein, i.e. Pfs25 from Plasmodium falciparum. We have built a 3D model of Pfs25 based on the X-ray crystallographic structure of Pvs25 from Plasmodium vivax. Also we have modeled the Fv region of the malaria transmission blocking monoclonal antibody 4B7. This antibody is the transmission blocking monoclonal antibody for Pfs25 protein. Pfs25 and 4B7 scFv (single chain variable fragment only) docking results indicate that EGF domain III of the Pfs25 protein interacts with the scFv region of modeled 4B7 antibody forming seven hydrogen bonds out of which six are formed with heavy chain of scFv region. Docking results of Pfs25 with gamma chain of laminin also suggest a possible role of Pfs25 protein in host parasite interaction.
A Discourse-Annotated Corpus of Conjoined VPs

English grammars indicate a variety of relations holding between conjoined VPs. VPs conjoined by and evince such senses as Result, Temporal Sequence and Concession. Although all these senses are ones associated with discourse relations, conjoined VPs have not been fully included in discourse annotation. Because of the value of discourse-annotated corpora for developing approaches to automated sense recognition, we have added their annotation to the Penn Discourse TreeBank. This paper describes how tokens were identified; how the process of span and sense annotation was modified and extended in order to keep the annotation of intra-sentential multi-clausal structures consistent with the rest of the corpus; and what the resulting corpus looks like, in terms of token frequency and common sense patterns.
Inference of Population Structure Under a Dirichlet Process Model

Inferring population structure from genetic data sampled from some number of individuals is a formidable statistical problem. One widely used approach considers the number of populations to be fixed and calculates the posterior probability of assigning individuals to each population. More recently, the assignment of individuals to populations and the number of populations have both been considered random variables that follow a Dirichlet process prior. We examined the statistical behavior of assignment of individuals to populations under a Dirichlet process prior. First, we examined a best-case scenario, in which all of the assumptions of the Dirichlet process prior were satisfied, by generating data under a Dirichlet process prior. Second, we examined the performance of the method when the genetic data were generated under a population genetics model with symmetric migration between populations. We examined the accuracy of population assignment using a distance on partitions. The method can be quite accurate with a moderate number of loci. As expected, inferences on the number of populations are more accurate when θ = 4Neu is large and when the migration rate (4Nem) is low. We also examined the sensitivity of inferences of population structure to choice of the parameter of the Dirichlet process model. Although inferences could be sensitive to the choice of the prior on the number of populations, this sensitivity occurred when the number of loci sampled was small; inferences are more robust to the prior on the number of populations when the number of sampled loci is large. Finally, we discuss several methods for summarizing the results of a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis of population structure. We develop the notion of the mean population partition, which is the partition of individuals to populations that minimizes the squared partition distance to the partitions sampled by the MCMC algorithm.
DATA ASSIMILATION IN STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS : EXTENDED-, ENSEMBLE KALMAN AND PARTICLE FILTERS

Combined state and parameter estimation of dynamical systems plays a crucial role in extracting system response from noisy measurements. A wide variety of methods have been developed to deal with the joint state-parameter estimation of nonlinear dynamical systems. The Extended Kalman Filter method is a popular approach for the joint system-parameter estimation of nonlinear systems. This method combines the traditional Kalman filtering techniques with the linearisation tools to tackle nonlinear problems and its formulation is based on the assumption that the probability density function of the state vector can be reasonably approximated to be Gaussian. Recent research has been focused on non-Gaussian models. Of particular interest is the Ensemble Kalman Filter and the Particle Filter. These methods are capable of handling various forms of nonlinearities as well as non-Gaussian noise models. This paper examines and contrasts the feasibility of joint state and parameter identification in non-linear dynamical systems using the Extended Kalman, Ensemble Kalman and Particle filters.
A difference boosting neural network for automated star-galaxy classification

In this paper we describe the use of a new articial neural network, called the dierence boosting neural network (DBNN), for automated classication problems in astronomical data analysis. We illustrate the capabilities of the network by applying it to star galaxy classication using recently released, deep imaging data. We have compared our results with classication made by the widely used Source Extractor (SExtractor) package. We show that while the performance of the DBNN in star-galaxy classication is comparable to that of SExtractor, it has the advantage of signicantly higher speed and flexibility during training as well as classication.
Men's Constructions and Experiences of PMS and their Partner's Premenstrual Changes

This thesis aimed to examine men’s constructions of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual women, and to explore how men’s constructions impact upon their responses to their partner premenstrually. This thesis also aimed to determine what impact a man’s involvement in a couple-based PMS intervention would have on such constructions and responses. Two qualitative studies were conducted, in which men’s accounts of PMS and premenstrual change were examined. In the first study, men’s online posts from the website PMSbuddy.com were collected and analysed using a thematic discourse analysis. Results from this study showed that the majority of men positioned premenstrual change as having a detrimental impact upon themselves, their partner and their intimate relationship. Most men constructed the premenstrual phase and women’s premenstrual changes as confusing, complicated and illogical. To make sense of premenstrual change, men drew upon cultural discourses that positioned premenstrual change as a disorder necessitating treatment and premenstrual women as mad, bad and dangerous. Although some men positioned premenstrual change as a natural experience and acknowledged the importance of being empathetic and supportive to their partner premenstrually, such instances were scarce. In the second study, a Foucauldian discourse analysis was used to analyse in-depth interviews conducted with 12 male partners prior to, and following, their participation in a couple-based psychological intervention for moderate-severe premenstrual distress. Results from this study showed
HISCLASS: A Historical International Social Class Scheme. By Marco

“For the sake of comparability, it is advisable not to develop new class schemes but to use existing ones” (11). Such is the opening of this technical book, which, contrary to the authors’ stated preference, presents, of all things, a newly developed class scheme called hisclass. Why do Van Leeuwen and Maas appear to contradict themselves so blatantly? They felt the need to develop a class scheme that facilitates comparative historical study of social stratiacation and mobility across both space and time in the Western world. Existing historical class schemes are local, national, or sui generis. Whereas the local/national ones do not allow comparative studies, the third option is a black box of intuitions often difacult to understand. The strength of this book lies in presenting the empirical and theoretical challenges faced by the authors in developing a systematic procedure to translate occupational titles found in historical sources into a universal historical class scheme. Following the pioneering work of Bouchard and others, Van Leeuwen and Maas considered occupations the building blocks for a social-class scheme, employing the common core of four underlying dimensions—manual/nonmanual work, skill level, supervision, and economic sector.1 These dimensions allow for a quantiaable construction of a social scheme applicable to many countries and to long periods. In a previous book, Van Leeuwen, Maas, and Miles presented a classiacation of occupations—hisco—that accommodates the organization of historical job descriptions into 1,675 occupational groups.2 hisco is one of the pillars and the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (dot), which provides detailed job information, is the other on which hisclass stands.3 The creation of hisclass required two further elements, which the authors describe in detail—(1) a crosswalk from dot to hisco to link employment information to occupational groups and (2) a ranking of these occupational groups into a class scheme according to the four underlying dimensions using information from dot. The bridging between hisco and dot proved to be unproblematical for nearly half of the occupational groups; the remaining groups needed rules to enable the bridging (45). One weakness in hisclass concerns the information used from the 1965 dot, which is based primarily on information collected after World War II. Since hisco was especially REVIEWS | 467
Survival and quality of life outcome after mechanical ventilation in elderly stroke patients

Objectives: Mortality is high and functional outcome poor in mechanically ventilated stroke patients. In addition, age >65 years is an independent predictor of death at 2 months among these patients. Our objective was to determine survival rates, functional outcome, and quality of life (QoL) in stroke patients older than 65 years requiring mechanical ventilation. Methods: A prospective cohort study with an additional cross-sectional survey in 65 patients aged 65 years and older (mean age (SD): 75.6 (6.0) years) with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke who underwent mechanical ventilation. Main outcome measures were survival rate at 6 months, and Barthel Index (BI), modified Rankin Scale, and QoL at 15.8 (SD 8.0) months. Results: Survival rate at 6 months was 40%. Elective intubation (odds ratio (OR) 13.6; p = 0.002) was the only independent positive predictor for survival, while age >77.5 years (OR 0.1; p = 0.004) and white blood count >10/nl at admission (OR 0.31; p = 0.032) were independent negative predictors for survival at 6 months. At the time of the cross-sectional survey, BI was >70 in five out of 22 patients, 35–70 in three and <35 in the remaining 14 patients. QoL was impaired primarily in the physical domain, whereas the psychosocial domain was less affected. Conclusions: Although only 40% of elderly patients intubated in the acute phase of stroke survived at least 6 months, one in four survivors recovered to a good functional outcome with a reasonable QoL. Elderly stroke patients need to be selected carefully for intensive care treatment, but elective intubation to allow diagnostic procedures should not be withheld primarily based on their age.
Regulatory T Cells Prevent CD8 T Cell Maturation by Inhibiting CD4 Th Cells at Tumor Sites1

Natural regulatory T cells (Tregs) are present in high frequencies among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and in draining lymph nodes, supposedly facilitating tumor development. To investigate their role in controlling local immune responses, we analyzed intratumoral T cell accumulation and function in the presence or absence of Tregs. Tumors that grew in normal BALB/c mice injected with the 4T1 tumor cell line were highly infiltrated by Tregs, CD4 and CD8 cells, all having unique characteristics. Most infiltrating Tregs expressed low levels of CD25Rs and Foxp3. They did not proliferate even in the presence of IL-2 but maintained a strong suppressor activity. CD4 T cells were profoundly anergic and CD8 T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were severely impaired. Depletion of Tregs modified the characteristics of tumor infiltrates. Tumors were initially invaded by activated CD4+CD25− T cells, which produced IL-2 and IFN-γ. This was followed by the recruitment of highly cytotoxic CD8+ T cells at tumor sites leading to tumor rejection. The beneficial effect of Treg depletion in tumor regression was abrogated when CD4 helper cells were also depleted. These findings indicate that the massive infiltration of tumors by Tregs prevents the development of a successful helper response. The Tregs in our model prevent Th cell activation and subsequent development of efficient CD8 T cell activity required for the control of tumor growth.
THE PHASE SPACE AND STELLAR POPULATIONS OF CLUSTER GALAXIES AT z ∼ 1: SIMULTANEOUS CONSTRAINTS ON THE LOCATION AND TIMESCALE OF SATELLITE QUENCHING

We investigate the velocity versus position phase space of z ∼ 1 cluster galaxies using a set of 424 spectroscopic redshifts in nine clusters drawn from the GCLASS survey. Dividing the galaxy population into three categories, that is, quiescent, star-forming, and poststarburst, we find that these populations have distinct distributions in phase space. Most striking are the poststarburst galaxies, which are commonly found at small clustercentric radii with high clustercentric velocities, and appear to trace a coherent “ring” in phase space. Using several zoom simulations of clusters, we show that the coherent distribution of the poststarbursts can be reasonably well reproduced using a simple quenching scenario. Specifically, the phase space is best reproduced if these galaxies are quenched with a rapid timescale (0.1 <τQ < 0.5 Gyr) after they make their first passage of R ∼ 0.5 R200, a process that takes a total time of ∼1 Gyr after first infall. The poststarburst phase space is not well reproduced using long quenching timescales (τQ > 0.5 Gyr) or by quenching galaxies at larger radii (R ∼ R200). We compare this quenching timescale to the timescale implied by the stellar populations of the poststarburst galaxies and find that the poststarburst spectra are well-fit by a rapid quenching (τQ = 0.4 Gyr) of a typical star-forming galaxy. The similarity between the quenching timescales derived from these independent indicators is a strong consistency check of the quenching model. Given that the model implies satellite quenching is rapid and occurs well within R200, this would suggest that ram-pressure stripping of either the hot or cold gas component of galaxies are the most plausible candidates for the physical mechanism. The high cold gas consumption rates at z ∼ 1 make it difficult to determine whether hot or cold gas stripping is dominant; however, measurements of the redshift evolution of the satellite quenching timescale and location may be capable of distinguishing between the two.
The Rabbit Costal Cartilage Reconstructive Surgical Model

Abstract Rib grafts in facial plastic surgery are becoming more frequently used. Small animal models, although not ideal may be used to emulate costal cartilage-based procedures. A surgical characterization of this tissue will assist future research in the selection of appropriate costal segments, based on quantitative and qualitative properties. The objective of this study is to assess the surgical anatomy of the rabbit costal margin and evaluate costal cartilage for use in either in vivo or ex vivo studies and to examine reconstructive procedures. Detailed thoracic dissections of 21 New Zealand white rabbits were performed post-mortem. Costal cartilage of true, false, and floating ribs were harvested. The length, thickness, and width at proximal, medial, and distal locations of the cartilage, with perichondrium intact were measured. Further qualitative observation and digital images of curvature, flexibility, and segmental cross-sectional shape were recorded. The main outcome measure(s) is to characterize, describe, and assess the consistency of dimensions, location, and shape of costal cartilage. In this study, 12 to 13 ribs encase the thoracic cavity. Cartilage from true ribs has an average length, width, and depth of 23.75 ± 0.662, 3.02 ± 0.025, and 2.18 ± 0.018 mm, respectively. The cartilage from false ribs has an average length, width, and depth of 41.97 ± 1.48, 2.00 ± 0.07, 1.19 ± 0.03 mm, and that of floating ribs are 7.66 ± 0.29, 1.98 ± 0.04, and 0.96 ± 0.03 mm. Rib 8 is found to be the longest costal cartilage (49.10 ± 0.64 mm), with the widest and thickest at ribs 1 (3.91 ± 0.08 mm) and 6 (2.41 ± 0.11 mm), respectively. Cross-sectional segments reveal the distal cartilage to maintain an hourglass shape that broadens to become circular and eventually ovoid at the costochondral junction. The New Zealand white rabbit is a practical source of costal cartilage that is of sufficient size and reproducibility to use in surgical research where the long-term effects of operations, therapies, devices, and pharmacologic on cartilage can be studied in vivo.
Chromosome numbers and phylogeny of Trichostema

T.ITERATURE CITED Clausen, Jens. 1951. Stages in the evolution of plant species, viii-{-206 pp. Ithaca, Cornell University Press. Darlington, Josephine. 1934. A monograph of the genus Mentzelia. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21: 103-226. Kellogg, A. 1876. On some new species of California plants. Prec. Calif. Aead. Sei. I, 7: 110. l~unz, P. A. , & Keck, D. 1949. California plant communities. Aliso 2: 87-105. Stebbins, G. L. 1957. The hybrid origin of mierospecies in the Elymus glauc,~ts complex. Proc. Intern. Genetics Symposia 1956: 336-340. (Supplement volume of Cytologia). Thompson, H. J. & :Lewis, H. 1955. Chronlosome numbers in Mentzelia (Loasaeeae). Madrofio 13: 102-107. Wolf, C. B. 1938. A revision of Mentzel~a lindleyi. Oce. Papers Rancho Santa Ann Bot. Gard. 1: 69-73.
Virtues Develop from a Secure Base: Attachment and Resilience as Predictors of Humility, Gratitude, and Forgiveness

Little research has explored the role of attachment in predicting virtues. In the present study, we provide an initial investigation testing the theory that virtues develop from having secure attachment relationships and the ability to bounce back from adversity. Specifically, we examined attachment and ego resilience as predictors of humility, gratitude and forgiveness. A series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses on a community sample of 245 participants found that both attachment and resilience were significant predictors of humility, gratitude, and forgiveness, even after controlling for religiosity. These results indicate the importance of the role of attachment and resilience in the development of virtues.
An Empirical Research on the Relationship between Top Management Teams' Tenure and Firm Performance: Evidence from Chinese Listed Real Estate Companies

This study focuses on the investigation of the relationship between tenure of top management teams (TMTs) and corporate performance. 73 Chinese listed real estate companies are selected as our samples, and hierarchical regression statistical methods are used to analyze the collected data. Then we conclude that: (a) TMTs' average tenure is negatively related to short-term firm performance. But it is not significantly related to long-term performance. (b) TMTs' tenure heterogeneity moderates the relationship between TMTs' average tenure and short-term firm performance.