Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress‐Related Changes in Cerebral Catecholamine and Indoleamine Metabolism: Lack of Effect of Adrenalectomy and Corticosterone

Abstract: The concentrations of catecholamine and indoleamine metabolites were measured in intact and adrenal‐ectomized mice to determine whether adrenal hormones mediate or modulate the stress‐induced responses. Thirty minutes of footshock resulted in significant increases of the ratios of the dopamine (DA) catabolite, dihydroxyphenyl‐acetic acid (DOPAC), to DA in prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, striatum, hypothalamus, and brainstem, and of homovanillic (HVA)/DA ratios in nucleus accumbens, striatum, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Ratios of 3‐meth‐oxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol to norepinephrine (NE) were also increased in prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, septum, amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and brainstem. The concentration of NE was decreased in amygdala. 5‐Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA)/5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT, serotonin) ratios and free tryptophan were also increased in every brain region. Very similar data were obtained from mice restrained for 30 min. Adrenalectomy resulted in increased HVA/DA ratios in prefrontal cortex and striatum, and 5‐HIAA/5‐HT in septum. The stress‐related changes were largely similar in adrenalectomized mice. Significant interactions between adrenalectomy and footshock treatment occurred in prefrontal cortical DOPAC/DA and hypothalamic NE which was depleted only in adrenalectomized mice, suggesting tendencies for these measures to be more responsive in adrenalectomized mice. Corticosterone administration (0.5–2.0 mg/kg s.c.) which resulted in plasma concentrations in the physiological range did not alter the concentrations of the cerebral metabolites measured in any region. We conclude that adrenal hormones do not mediate cerebral catecholamine or indoleamine metabolism in stress, although adrenalectomy may affect HVA and 5‐HIAA metabolism, and there was a tendency for catecholamines to be more sensitive to stress in adrenalectomized animals.
Variance in faking across noncognitive measures.

There are discrepant findings in the literature regarding the effects of applicant faking on the validity of noncognitive measures. One explanation for these mixed results may be the failure of some studies to consider individual differences in faking. This study demonstrates that there is considerable variance across individuals in the extent of faking 3 types of noncognitive measures (i.e., personality test, biodata inventory, and integrity test). Participants completed measures honestly and with instructions to fake. Results indicated some measures were more difficult to fake than others. The authors found that integrity, conscientiousness, and neuroticism were related to faking. In addition, individuals faked fairly consistently across the measures. Implications of these results and a model of faking that includes factors that may influence faking behavior are provided.
The sustainable tracking strategy of moving target by UAV in an uncertain environment

This paper presents a strategy of sustainable target tracking by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) when the target lost in the environment with uncertain shelters. The strategy includes target tracking method, target searching method, and switch tactics between them. In the target tracking stage, the method of reference point guidance (RPG) is used to standoff target tracking. To continue the tracking when the target is lost, the target state is predicted by the target model with the former target information. To search the lost target in the region which is calculated by the target lost duration time and speed, the UAV flies around the lost point with desired distance to search the lost target by the method of shrinking annulus. The switch tactics between the target tracking stage and the target searching stage is provided. Simulations demonstrate that the strategy for sustainable target tracking is feasible in uncertain shelters environment.
An organic integrated capacitive DC-DC up-converter

In this paper a fully integrated organic DC-DC up-converter is presented in a pentacene p-type only technology. This 3-stage Dickson converter reaches a voltage conversion factor of 3 for a purely capacitive load and 2.5 for a 10 µA load current. The maximal output voltage goes up to 75 V and the Dickson core efficiency is 48 %. The clock signal is generated on-chip with a 9-stage ring oscillator, built with zero-Vgs load inverters. A tunable input voltage provides a tuning range of 30 %. The presented converter is designed for the on-chip generation of voltages for biasing a capacitive load. This converter draws 560 µA from a 20 V supply voltage. The chip area measures 2.8×2.1 mm2. This converter fulfills a direct need for bias voltages beyond the supply voltage that is uncovered in recent work on organic circuits.
Rating Scales as Predictors of Response to Tricyclic Antidepressants*

Fifty-three patients suffering from depressive illness were classified as ‘responders’ or ‘non-responders’ on the basis of an “amelioration score” of the Hamilton Rating Scale for depression after six weeks treatment with nortriptyline hydrochloride at 150 mgs. daily. A multivariate analysis of variance was performed on the four psychological rating scale scores used, to determine whether rating scales could predict treatment response to tricyclic antidepressants. There was a significant difference between the two groups after adjustment for age. Subjects were then classified as ‘non-responders’ and ‘responders’ on the basis of their discriminant scores. The prediction of response to tricyclic antidepressants was found to be at 75% probability.
Dolichols in brain and urinary sediment in neuronad ceroid lipofuscinosis

long-chain polyisoprenoid alcohols (dolichols) increase more than tenfold from age 5 to 80 years in human cerebral cortex. The dolichol content of brain from infantile, late infantile, and juvenile forms of neuronal ceroid Lipofuscinosis (NCL) was significantly higher than in age-matched patients with other neurologic diseases. Significant increase of dolichols was also found in the urinary sediment in all three types of NCL patients, and this test is useful in making the diagnosis. Dolichol accumulation is the first biochemical marker of NCL and seems to parallel storage of ceroid lipofuscin.
Driver emotion recognition framework based on electrodermal activity measurements during simulated driving conditions

An extensive variety of wellbeing frameworks had been introduced in modern vehicles a decade ago. Traction control, auto-braking, and anti-sleep systems are significant innovations that are presumed to be superior over human reaction. However, accident rates in Malaysia have yet to be fully reduced. In fact, in 2013, nearly one million enlisted vehicles were involved in road accidents, with damages reaching over RM9.3 billion. Meanwhile, a car is a system that encompasses the road, the vehicle, and the driver. At present, roads and vehicles have gained immense stability, but the driver remains as the most fragile component of this system. Electrodermal activity (EDA) was used in this study to investigate stress and anger as primary emotions leading to possible accidents involving the driver. A simulated driving assignment with preset neutral, stress, and anger scenarios was developed for emotional stimulation. A total of 20 subjects were included in this experiment. Acquired EDA signals were bandpass-filtered at 0.5 Hz to 2 Hz and subjected to short-time Fourier transform. Then, their mean, median, and variance of power spectral density were extracted. The parameters obtained were statistically analyzed with two-sample f-test. EDA readings from drivers demonstrated significant differences among neutral-stress, neutral-anger, and stress-anger simulated driving scenarios. The dataset was also divided into two groups (10–10) for training and testing of support vector machine classifier at 10-fold cross-validation. The classification accuracy was 85% each for neutral-stress and neutral-anger and 70% for stress-anger.
Protein encapsulation within poly(ethylene glycol)-coated nanospheres. II. Controlled release properties.

The development of injectable nanoparticulate "stealth" carriers for protein delivery is a major challenge. The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of achieving the controlled release of a model protein, human serum albumin (HSA), from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated biodegradable nanospheres (mean diameter of about 200 nm) prepared from amphiphilic diblock PEG-poly(lactic acid) (PLA) copolymers. HSA was efficiently incorporated into the nanospheres, reaching loadings as high as 9% (w/w). Results of the in vitro release studies showed that it is possible to control the HSA release by choosing the appropriate nanosphere size, loading, and composition. These results also revealed that, following their release, HSA molecules readsorbed onto the nanospheres surfaces when they were not protected by a PEG coating. We were surprised to observe that in spite of the water uptake of the PLA-PEG nanospheres [11-29% (w/w)], the copolymer did not significantly degrade after a 15-day incubation period. Therefore, we concluded that during this time HSA release from PLA-PEG nanospheres followed a diffusion mechanism where bulk erosion and surface desorption were negligible.
An effector of Ypt6p binds the SNARE Tlg1p and mediates selective fusion of vesicles with late Golgi membranes

Membrane traffic requires vesicles to fuse with a specific target, and SNARE proteins and Rab/Ypt GTPases contribute to this specificity. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae, the Rab/Ypt GTPase Ypt6p is required for fusion of endosome‐derived vesicles with the late Golgi. We have shown previously that activation of Ypt6p depends on its exchange factor, Ric1p–Rgp1p, a peripheral membrane protein complex restricted to the Golgi. We show here that a conserved trimeric protein complex, VFT (Vps52/53/54), binds directly to Ypt6p:GTP. Localization of VFT to the Golgi requires Ypt6p, but is unaffected in gos1 and tlg1 mutants, in which late Golgi integral membrane proteins, including SNAREs, are mislocalized. The VFT complex also binds directly to the N‐terminal domain of the SNARE Tlg1p, both in vitro and in vivo, in a Ypt6p‐independent manner. We suggest that the VFT complex links vesicles containing Tlg1p to their target, which is defined by the local activation of Ypt6p.
Synthesis and high-throughput testing of multilayered supported ionic liquid catalysts for the conversion of CO2 and epoxides into cyclic carbonates

Multilayered covalently supported ionic liquid phase (mlc-SILP) materials were synthesised by grafting different bis-vinylimidazolium salts on thiol-functionalised silica. These materials, which contain a cross-linked oligomeric network of imidazolium units, were characterised and tested as catalysts for the reaction of carbon dioxide with various epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates. The materials prepared by supporting a bis-imidazolium iodide salt with xylene or octane as a linker between the imidazolium units were identified as the most active catalysts and displayed high turnover numbers and improved productivity compared to known supported ionic liquid catalysts. The most promising mlc-SILP catalysts were further studied to tune the reaction conditions towards optimum catalytic performance and to investigate their versatility with different substrates and their reusability. The rapid and parallel screening of the catalysts was efficiently carried out by means of high-throughput (HT) experimentation.
Kobe University Repository : Kernel タイトル Tit le Pancreat ic β Cell Mass Preserved in Heterozygous PDK 1 Knockout Mice 著者

We have demonstrated that 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) contributes to signaling by insulin or insulin-like growth fctor-1 (IGF-1) that is responsible for the regulation of both the number and size of pancreatic β cells in mice. Complete ablation of PDK1 in pancreatic β cells leads to progressive hyperglycemia as a result of loss of β cell mass. In this study, we generated heterozygous pancreatic β cell-specific PDK1 knockout (βPDK1) mice and fed them a high-fat diet as a model of human type 2 diabetes. The βPDK1 mice exhibited normal glucose tolerance even on a high-fat diet. Further, islet morphology and β cell mass were normal in βPDK1 mice, and haploinsufficiency of PDK1 did not impair the compensatory hyperplasia of β cells on a high-fat diet. The phosphorylation and expression of the molecules that are expressed downstream of PDK1 were similar in the islets of the βPDK1 and control mice. Eventually, we concluded that glucose homeostasis and islet mass were maintained in βPDK1 mice.
The cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses of the immature fetal sheep to acute umbilical cord occlusion

1 In premature fetal sheep (89‐93 days gestation) we examined the fetal response to asphyxia induced by 30 min of complete umbilical cord occlusion. Fetuses were also studied during the first 3 days after asphyxia. We measured heart rate, blood pressure, carotid and femoral blood flows, vascular resistance, electroencephalographic activity and cerebral changes in haemoglobin concentration by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). 2 Fetuses tolerated 30 min of asphyxia and the cardiovascular response was characterized by three phases: initial redistribution of blood flow away from the periphery to maintain vital organ function, partial failure of this redistribution and near terminal cardiovascular collapse, with profound hypotension and cerebral and peripheral hypoperfusion. 3 Post‐asphyxia carotid blood flow and NIRS data demonstrated that between 3‐5 h there was a significant secondary reduction in cerebral blood flow, blood volume and oxygenation despite normal perfusion pressure and heart rate. There was also a secondary fall in femoral blood flow which persisted throughout recovery. 4 These data demonstrate that the immature fetus can survive a prolonged period of asphyxia, but paradoxically the capacity to survive exposes the fetus to profound hypotension and hypoperfusion. A secondary period of significant cerebral hypoperfusion and reduced oxygen delivery also occurred post‐asphyxia. These cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses may contribute to the patterns of cerebral injury seen in the human preterm fetus.
Development of a Tiny Orientation Estimation Device to Operate under Motion and Magnetic Disturbance

A tiny absolute orientation estimating device equipped with a network function has been developed using accelerometers and magnetometers to estimate gravity and the geomagnetic field, respectively. Because accelerometers measure motion other than gravity, a method has been proposed to eliminate the effect of motion. An estimation method is proposed that excludes the effect of magnetic disturbances. An advantage of this estimation method is that models can be switched according to the environment. Sigma Points Kalman Filters (SPKFs) were evaluated to determine the proper filter for the proposed algorithm. A Square-Root Central Difference Kalman Filter (SR-CDKF) was the best method considering stability, accuracy, and calculation cost. Using simulations and the realized device, the proposed algorithm stably estimated the orientation in the presence of motion and magnetic disturbances.
Age‐dependent modulation of hippocampal long‐term potentiation by antioxidant enzymes

Oxidative stress has long been associated with normal aging and age‐related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is now evident that reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O 2−· ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) also play pivotal roles in normal cell signaling. The focus of the present study was to examine the effects of the antioxidant enzymes CuZnSOD (SOD1) and catalase, which produce and remove H2O2, respectively, on long‐term potentiation (LTP) forms of synaptic plasticity during aging. Consistent wth previous studies, LTP, when induced in vitro in CA1 of the hippocampus with a high‐frequency stimulation protocol, is significantly reduced in slices from older mice (22–26 months) relative to younger mice (2–4 months). Neither knockout of the endogenous catalase gene (Cat KO) nor acute enzymatic treatment with SOD1 altered LTP in slices from adult mice. Conversely, enzymatic applications of SOD1 inhibited LTP in slices from older mice. A much different set of results emerges with exogenous applications of catalase to hippocampal slices. Catalase significantly inhibited LTP in slices from adult mice but reversed age‐related LTP deficits in slices from older mice. Measurements of H2O2 showed that exogenous treatments with catalase lowered H2O2 in synapse‐enriched synaptoneurosome (SN) fractions prepared from adult mice. Notably, SNs from both Cat KO and old mice were deficient in removing extracellular challenges of H2O2. Overall, the results suggest that dynamic alterations in extracellular H2O2 metabolism affect synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus during aging. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Randomized controlled trial of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in Guillain–Barré syndrome: a pilot study

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has the theoretical potential to protect neurones from axonal degeneration. The objective of this study was to discover whether brain‐derived neurotrophic factor is safe in Guillain–Barré syndrome, and to make preliminary observations of its efficacy. This was a parallel group randomized controlled trial of subcutaneous brain‐derived neurotrophic factor 25 µg/kg daily compared with placebo for up to 24 weeks or until patients could walk without aid.
In Vitro Pharmacodynamics of AZD5206 against Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT AZD5206 is a novel antimicrobial agent with potent in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus. We evaluated the in vitro pharmacodynamics of AZD5206 against a standard wild-type methicillin-susceptible strain (ATCC 29213) and a clinical strain of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (SA62). Overall, bacterial killing against a low baseline inoculum was more remarkable. Low dosing exposures and/or high baseline inoculum resulted in early reduction in bacterial burden, followed by regrowth and selective amplification of the resistant population.
Iron Chelating potential of Zataria multiflora and Matricaria chamomilla on Thalassemic Serums in Vitro model

Iron overload in βThalassemia major induced mostly by regular blood transfusions.The in vitro study was designated for Iron chelation and antioxidant activity of Zataria multiflora and Matricaria chamomilla plant extracts in thalassemic and healthy serums. Materials and Methods: Iron chelation, antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoids contents of Zataria multiflora and Matricaria chamomilla plant extracts were determined. For in vitro study of iron chelating, plant, extracts were exposed with serum thalassemic for 2h. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum and Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) in red blood cells were determined. Serum iron before and post expose with plant extracts was determined. Results: There was significant increase in iron concentration in β thalassaemia major compare to control serums. Iron level in thalassemic and control serums were reported 178 ±8.2 and 89 ± 12 respectively. Iron concentration in thalassemic serums after exposed with Z.multiflora and M. chamomilla extracts in 2 hour incubation at in vitro state were decreased 27 and 33 % respectively. However, iron content in serum controls after expose with Z. multiflora and M. chamomilla extracts were decreased 16.8% and 23.6 % respectively. Conclusion: MDA and iron in blood serum and SOD in erythrocyte of thalassemic samples was significantly higher than healthy persons. However serum vitamin E was lower than healthy person. [Ali Mirzaei, Narges Nikpay Hossein abad, Mojtaba Abbasi, Reza Ghafarian Shirazi, Nooshin Mirzaei. Iron Chelating potential of Zataria multiflora and Matricaria chamomilla on Thalassemic Serums in Vitro model. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s): 230-235](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 30
On the Role of Representations for Reasoning in Large-Scale Urban Scenes

The advent of widely available photo collections covering broad geographic areas has spurred significant advances in large-scale urban scene modeling. While much emphasis has been placed on reconstruction and visualization, the utility of such models extends well beyond. Specifically, these models should support a wide variety of reasoning tasks (or queries), and thus enable advanced scene study. Driven by this interest, we analyze 3D representations for their utility to perform queries. Since representations as well as queries are highly heterogeneous, we build on a categorization that serves as a coupling interface between both domains. Equipped with our taxonomy and the notion of uncertainty in the representation, we quantify the utility of representations for solving three archetypal reasoning tasks in terms of accuracy, uncertainty and computational complexity. We provide an empirical analysis of these intertwined realms on challenging real and synthetic urban scenes.
Regulation of polycystin-1 ciliary trafficking by motifs at its C-terminus and polycystin-2 but not by cleavage at the GPS site

ABSTRACT Failure to localize membrane proteins to the primary cilium causes a group of diseases collectively named ciliopathies. Polycystin-1 (PC1, also known as PKD1) is a large ciliary membrane protein defective in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Here, we developed a large set of PC1 expression constructs and identified multiple sequences, including a coiled-coil motif in the C-terminal tail of PC1, regulating full-length PC1 trafficking to the primary cilium. Ciliary trafficking of wild-type and mutant PC1 depends on the dose of polycystin-2 (PC2, also known as PKD2), and the formation of a PC1–PC2 complex. Modulation of the ciliary trafficking module mediated by the VxP ciliary-targeting sequence and Arf4 and Asap1 does not affect the ciliary localization of full-length PC1. PC1 also promotes PC2 ciliary trafficking. PC2 mutations truncating its C-terminal tail but not those changing the VxP sequence to AxA or impairing the pore of the channel, leading to a dead channel, affect PC1 ciliary trafficking. Cleavage at the GPCR proteolytic site (GPS) of PC1 is not required for PC1 trafficking to cilia. We propose a mutually dependent model for the ciliary trafficking of PC1 and PC2, and that PC1 ciliary trafficking is regulated by multiple cis-acting elements. As all pathogenic PC1 mutations tested here are defective in ciliary trafficking, ciliary trafficking might serve as a functional read-out for ADPKD. Summary: Ciliary trafficking of polycystin-1 is regulated by multiple motifs at its C-terminus and by polycystin-2 but not by cleavage at its G-protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site.
Performance Comparison of Surface and Spoke-Type Flux-Modulation Machines With Different Pole Ratios

In this paper, performance comparison between surface and spoke-type flux modulation (FM) permanent magnet (PM) machines is presented. Generally, spoke-array magnet arrangement is capable of increasing the torque density of PM machines due to its flux-focusing effect. Nevertheless, a flux-barrier effect is found when this magnet topology is applied in FM machines, which may offset the advantage in torque capability when the pole ratio is high. By flux distribution comparison of these two-machine topologies, the flux-barrier effect is visually explained. Through numerical FEA, this effect is further investigated in spoke-type vernier PM machines with a series of pole ratios. Finally, compared with surface-type FM machines, considerable reduction in modulated magnetic field as well as output torque capability is verified in high pole ratio, spoke-type FM machines.