Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carpooling: travelers’ perceptions from a big data analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the reasons why people use or do not use carpooling. A further aim is to collect and analyze empirical evidence concerning the advantages and disadvantages of carpooling. Design/methodology/approach A large-scale text analytics study has been conducted: the collection of the peoples’ opinions have been realized on Twitter by means of a dedicated web crawler, named “Twitter4J. ” After their mining, the collected data have been treated through a sentiment analysis realized by means of “SentiWordNet. ” Findings The big data analysis identified the 12 most frequently used concepts about carpooling by Twitter’s users: seven advantages (economic efficiency, environmental efficiency, comfort, traffic, socialization, reliability, curiosity) and five disadvantages (lack of effectiveness, lack of flexibility, lack of privacy, danger, lack of trust). Research limitations/implications Although the sample is particularly large (10 percent of the data flow published on Twitter from all over the world in about one year), the automated collection of people’s comments has prevented a more in-depth analysis of users’ thoughts and opinions. Practical implications The research findings may direct entrepreneurs, managers and policy makers to understand the variables to be leveraged and the actions to be taken to take advantage of the potential benefits that carpooling offers. Originality/value The work has utilized skills from three different areas, i.e., business management, computing science and statistics, which have been synergistically integrated for customizing, implementing and using two IT tools capable of automatically identifying, selecting, collecting, categorizing and analyzing people’s tweets about carpooling.
Programmed death 1 and its ligands do not limit experimental foreign antigen‐induced immune complex glomerulonephritis

Interactions between the co‐stimulatory molecule programmed death 1 (PD‐1) and its ligands, PD‐L1 and PD‐L2, constrain T‐cell responses and help maintain peripheral tolerance. Glomerulonephritis can result from a variety of antigens, both self and foreign, and from humoural and cellular effector responses. These studies aimed to define the role of PD1 and its ligands in circulating immune complex glomerulonephritis induced by immunity to a foreign antigen.
Regulatory Activity of Distal and Core RNA Elements in Tombusvirus Subgenomic mRNA2 Transcription*

Positive-strand RNA viruses that encode multiple cistrons often mediate expression of 3′-encoded open reading frames via RNA-templated transcription of subgenomic (sg) mRNAs. Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that transcribes two such sg mRNAs during infections. We have previously identified a distal element (DE), located ∼1100 nucleotides upstream from the initiation site of sg mRNA2 transcription, part of which must base pair with a portion of a core element (CE), located just 5′ to the initiation site, for efficient transcription to occur (Zhang, G., Slowinski, V., and White, K. A. (1999) RNA5, 550–561). Here we have analyzed further this long distance RNA-RNA interaction and have investigated the regulatory roles of other subelements within the DE and CE. Our results indicate that (i) the functional base-pairing interaction between these elements occurs in the positive strand and that the interaction likely acts to properly position other subelements, (ii) two previously undefined subelements within the DE and CE are important and essential, respectively, for efficient sg mRNA2 accumulation, and (iii) the production of (−)-strand sg mRNA2 can be uncoupled from the synthesis of its (+)-strand complement. These data provide important insight into the mechanism of sg mRNA2 transcription.
Fluctuation in mixed venous oxygen saturation in critically ill medical patients: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE To determine fluctuation in mixed venous oxygen saturation in critically ill medical patients during a period of rest. DESIGN Nonexperimental, descriptive. SETTING The medical and coronary intensive care units in a large county hospital in south-central Texas. PATIENTS Twenty critically ill patients, aged 19 to 85, who had placement of a pulmonary artery catheter capable of continuous monitoring of mixed venous oxygen saturation. The majority had a diagnosis of respiratory failure and required mechanical ventilation. METHODS Mixed venous oxygen saturation was recorded each minute for a 2-hour period in either early morning or late afternoon hours. Minute-by-minute values obtained during a 30-minute period of rest were used to determine fluctuation. The lowest and highest mixed venous oxygen saturation values during the period were used to calculate percent changes from average values (fluctuation). RESULTS The range of fluctuation was +/- 6% of the average mixed venous oxygen saturation value for 80% of the sample. Four patients had a greater range of fluctuation: however, their actual mixed venous oxygen saturation values were within a clinically acceptable range. No significant differences in percentage of low or high fluctuation were noted for the following variables: time of day, medication administration, oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption and average mixed venous oxygen saturation. The percentage of low fluctuation was significantly lower for four patients who were not mechanically ventilated. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of normal fluctuation enables the care giver to evaluate changes in mixed venous oxygen saturation in response to activities and/or treatments. Additional study of fluctuation in homogenous groups of critically ill patients is warranted.
Cloning of the Malic Enzyme Gene fromCorynebacterium glutamicum and Role of the Enzyme in Lactate Metabolism

ABSTRACT Malic enzyme is one of at least five enzymes, known to be present in Corynebacterium glutamicum, capable of carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions coupling glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. To date, no information is available concerning the physiological role of the malic enzyme in this bacterium. ThemalE gene from C. glutamicum has been cloned and sequenced. The protein encoded by this gene has been purified to homogeneity, and the biochemical properties have been established. Biochemical characteristics indicate a decarboxylation role linked to NADPH generation. Strains of C. glutamicum in which themalE gene had been disrupted or overexpressed showed no detectable phenotype during growth on either acetate or glucose, but showed a significant modification of growth behavior during lactate metabolism. The wild type showed a characteristic brief period of exponential growth on lactate followed by a linear growth period. This growth pattern was further accentuated in a malE-disrupted strain (ΔmalE). However, the strain overexpressingmalE maintained exponential growth until all lactate had been consumed. This strain accumulated significantly larger amounts of pyruvate in the medium than the other strains.
High-frequency measurements of the mismatch on the Y-parameters of high-speed SiGe:C HBTs

The performance of analog circuits operating at high frequencies is limited by device mismatch at these frequencies. In this paper, high-frequency measurements of the mismatch on the Y-parameters of bipolar transistors are discussed. After investigation of the impact of the deembedding structures and measurement accuracy, the RF matching behavior of 200 GHz SiGe:C HBTs is characterized over a wide range of frequencies and biasing conditions. The mismatch on the cut-off frequency and small-signal parameters are extracted.
Varieties of Capitalism and Varieties of Welfare State Capitalism: An Empirical Assessment of Economic Growth

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HIV-1-Specific T Cell Precursors with High Proliferative Capacity Correlate with Low Viremia and High CD4 Counts in Untreated Individuals1

Evidences have recently suggested that the preservation of vaccine-induced memory rather than effector T cells is essential for better outcome and survival following pathogenic SIV challenge in macaques. However, an equivalent demonstration in humans is missing, and the immune correlates of HIV-1 control have been only partially characterized. We focused on the quantification of Ag-specific T cell precursors with high proliferative capacity (PHPC) using a peptide-based cultured IFN-γ ELISPOT assay (PHPC assay), which has been shown to identify expandable memory T cells. To determine which responses correlate with viral suppression and positive immunologic outcome, PBMC from 32 chronically untreated HIV-1-infected individuals were evaluated in response to peptide pools, representing the complete HIV-1 Gag, Nef, and Rev proteins, by PHPC and IFN-γ ELISPOT assay, which instead identifies effector T cells with low proliferative capacity. High magnitude of Gag-specific PHPC, but not ELISPOT, responses significantly correlated with low plasma viremia, due to responses directed toward p17 and p15 subunits. Only Gag p17-specific PHPC response significantly correlated with high CD4 counts. Analysis of 20 additional PBMC samples from an independent cohort of chronically untreated HIV-1-infected individuals confirmed the correlation between Gag p17-specific PHPC response and either plasma viremia (inverse correlation) or CD4 counts (direct correlation). Our results indicate that the PHPC assay is quantitatively and qualitatively different from the ELISPOT assay, supporting that different T cell populations are being evaluated. The PHPC assay might be an attractive option for individual patient management and for the design and testing of therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines.
Anti‐angiogenic and vascular disrupting effects of C9, a new microtubule‐depolymerizing agent

Background and purpose: The critical role of blood supply in the growth of solid tumours makes blood vessels an ideal target for anti‐tumour drug discovery. The anti‐angiogenic and vascular disrupting activities of C9, a newly synthesized microtubule‐depolymerizing agent, were investigated with several in vitro and in vivo models. Possible mechanisms involved in its activity were also assessed.
Writer’s workshop: a (re)constructive pedagogy for English learners and their teachers

ABSTRACT This longitudinal qualitative inquiry examines the possibilities that writer’s workshop created for two experienced teachers and their English learners (EL) as they came to know and see each other and themselves in more complex and holistic ways. This inquiry addresses ways that writer’s workshop not only altered the practice of experienced teachers, but also provided a platform for ELs to demonstrate their abilities, understandings, and interests. Writer’s workshop fostered and sustained networks of relationships where views of self and “the other” became more additive and honouring and where the lives and experiences of students were welcomed into the literacy community.
Serological Profile of Torque Teno Sus Virus Species 1 (TTSuV1) in Pigs and Antigenic Relationships between Two TTSuV1 Genotypes (1a and 1b), between Two Species (TTSuV1 and -2), and between Porcine and Human Anelloviruses

ABSTRACT The family Anelloviridae includes human and animal torque teno viruses (TTVs) with extensive genetic diversity. The antigenic diversity among anelloviruses has never been assessed. Using torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) as a model, we describe here the first investigation of the antigenic relationships among different anelloviruses. Using a TTSuV genotype 1a (TTSuV1a) or TTSuV1b enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the respective putative ORF1 capsid antigen and TTSuV1-specific real-time PCR, the combined serological and virological profile of TTSuV1 infection in pigs was determined and compared with that of TTSuV2. TTSuV1 is likely not associated with porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), because both the viral loads and antibody levels were not different between affected and unaffected pigs and because there was no synergistic effect of concurrent PCV2/TTSuV1 infections. We did observe a higher correlation of IgG antibody levels between anti-TTSuV1a and -TTSuV1b than between anti-TTSuV1a or -1b and anti-TTSuV2 antibodies in these sera, implying potential antigenic cross-reactivity. To confirm this, rabbit antisera against the putative capsid proteins of TTSuV1a, TTSuV1b, or TTSuV2 were generated, and the antigenic relationships among these TTSuVs were analyzed by an ELISA and by an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using PK-15 cells transfected with one of the three TTSuV ORF1 constructs. The results demonstrate antigenic cross-reactivity between the two genotypes TTSuV1a and TTSuV1b but not between the two species TTSuV1a or -1b and TTSuV2. Furthermore, an anti-genogroup 1 human TTV antiserum did not react with any of the three TTSuV antigens. These results have important implications for an understanding of the diversity of anelloviruses as well as for the classification and vaccine development of TTSuVs.
Phenotype‐environment mismatch due to epigenetic inheritance? Programming the offspring's epigenome and the consequences of migration

It has been suggested that epigenetic inheritance is an important factor influencing mortality. We use data about the historical population of Québec (years 1670–1740) to study whether parents modify their offspring's phenotype epigenetically prior to conception in response to predicted/perceived mortality. If so, children growing up in the predicted environment enjoy a phenotype‐environment‐match that should lower mortality, whereas children growing up in a nonpredicted environment should have a higher mortality.
Impact of strategic learning dimensions on academic entrepreneurship for Iraqi higher education institutions

The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of strategic learning dimensions on academic entrepreneurship for Iraqi higher education institutions . For this purpose, we work with a sample of 113 respondents in university in Iraq. In this context, four dimensions of strategic learning and entrepreneurship, based on a set of weighted factors. The results of the study show that the university presents strategic knowledge interpretation and creation in a high degree, while strategic knowledge implementation and distribution are presented in a medium degree. On the other hand, the dimensions of strategic learning have a positive influence on the academic entrepreneurship of institutions.
Intra-hour and hourly demand forecasting using selective order autoregressive model

This paper presents a selective order autoregressive model to forecast electricity demand. In the first stage, the autoregressive model is developed by critically selecting the number of lags from historical demand including to the forecasting model. At this stage, the change in the model performance is recorded in terms of the number of lags which result in optimum performance of the forecasting model. In the next stage, different seasonal patterns will be carefully selected and added to the autoregressive model to achieve further improvements. Finally, the selective order autoregressive model will be introduced by eliminating the insignificant lags from the seasonal autoregressive model. With the aid of the demand data from two different sources namely the state of New South Wales, Australia, and the Global Energy Forecasting Competition 2014, USA, it is demonstrated that the forecasting model successfully includes the seasonality of daily, and weekly periods in the modelling process. Also, it is shown from the obtained results that the orders of seasonality should be changed for different datasets in view of the uniqueness associated with different geographical locations.
A Longitudinal Examination of the Developmental Executive Function Hierarchy in Children With Externalizing Behavior Problems

Objective: Using a 4-year longitudinal design, we evaluated two hypotheses based on developmental executive function (EF) hierarchy accounts in a sample of children with externalizing problems. Method: The participants performed EF tasks when they were between 8 and 12 years (M = 9.93), and again approximately 4 years later when they were between 12 and 15 years (M = 13.36). Results: Inhibition in middle childhood predicted working memory (WM) 4 years later. Further, deficits in inhibition and sustained attention were more prominent in middle rather than late childhood, whereas poor WM was salient throughout these periods. Conclusions: These findings support the hypotheses that EFs develop hierarchically and that EF deficits in ADHD are more prominent in actively developing EFs. They also emphasize ADHD as a developmental disorder.
In utero/lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure impairs molar tooth development in rats.

Developmental defects caused by dioxins are causing increasing concern since they occur at low dose levels and are usually permanent. In this study we examined the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) at low in utero/lactational exposure levels on rat tooth development in three rat lines, denoted A, B, and C, that differ in their TCDD sensitivity and aryl hydrocarbon receptor structure. These rat lines are derived from TCDD-resistant Han/Wistar (Kuopio) and TCDD-sensitive Long-Evans (Turku/AB) rats by selective breeding. The main target teeth were the third molars, since their development spans from the perinatal period to about 6 weeks after birth. Pregnant dams were exposed to 0.03-1 microg/kg TCDD on gestation day 15. Pups exposed in utero and lactationally were euthanized at the age of 5 or 10 weeks and the jaws were examined. The eruption of the third molar was observed by stereomicroscopy and the jaws were further radiographed. TCDD at 1 microg/kg completely prevented the development of the third lower molars in 60% of males and 50% of females in the most sensitive rat line, C, while only 6% or less of the pups in the more resistant lines A and B were lacking this target tooth. TCDD exposure also dose-dependently diminished the proportion of third molars erupted at the age of 5 weeks. The size of molars was dose-dependently reduced in all rat lines. The third lower molars were most severely affected, and the reduction was significant already at 0.03 microg/kg in line A and at 0.1 microg/kg in lines B and C. The results indicate that impaired tooth development is one of the most sensitive endpoints of TCDD-induced toxicity.
"Smells Phishy?": An educational game about online phishing scams

We propose Smells Phishy? , a board game that contributes to raising users' awareness of online phishing scams. We designed and developed the board game and conducted user testing with 21 participants. The results showed that after playing the game, participants had better understanding of phishing scams and learnt how to better protect themselves. Participants enjoyed playing the game and said that it was a fun and exciting experience. The game increased knowledge and awareness, and encouraged discussion.
Linking numbers to perceptions and experiences: Why we need transdisciplinary mixed-methods combining neurophysiological and qualitative data

Today, more and more problems that scientists need to tackle are complex problems. Many examples of these can be found in the health sciences, medicine and ecology. Typical features of complex problems are that they cannot be studied by one discipline and that they need to take into account subjective data as well as objective data. Two promising responses to deal with complex problems are Transdisciplinary and Mixed Method approaches. However, there is still a lacuna to fill, with transdisciplinary studies bridging the social sciences and biomedical sciences. More specifically, we need more and better studies that combine qualitative data about subjective experiences, perception and so on with objective, quantitative, neurophysiological data. We believe that the combination of qualitative and neurophysiological data is a good example of what we would like to call transdisciplinary mixed methods. In this article, we aim to explore the opportunities of transdisciplinary mixed-methods studies in which qualitative and neurophysiological data are used. We give a brief overview of what is characteristic for this kind of studies and illustrate this with examples; we point out strengths and limitations and propose an agenda for the future. We conclude that transdisciplinary mixed-methods studies in which qualitative and neurophysiological data are used have the potential to improve our knowledge about complex problems. A main obstacle seems to be that most scientists from the biomedical sciences are not familiar with the (qualitative) methods from the social sciences and vice versa. To end this ‘clash of paradigms’™, we urgently need to cultivate transdisciplinary thinking.
Neurovascular and neuronal protection by E64d after focal cerebral ischemia in rats

Calpains and cathepsins are two families of proteases that play an important role in ischemic cell death. In this study, we investigated the effect of E64d, a μ‐calpain and cathepsin B inhibitor, in the prevention of neuronal and endothelial apoptotic cell death after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Rats underwent 2 hr of transient focal ischemia from middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and were sacrificed 24 hr later. E64d (5 mg/ kg intraperitoneally) was administered 30 min before MCAO. Assessment included neurological function, infarction volume, brain water content, blood–brain barrier permeability, histology, and immunohistochemistry. The E64d‐treated rats had significant brain protection against ischemic damage. We observed a reduction of infarction volume, brain edema, and improved neurological scores in E64d‐treated rats compared with the nontreated control. Furthermore, there was a remarkable reduction in both proteases and caspase‐3 activation and apoptotic changes in both neurons and endothelial cells in E64d‐treated rats. These results suggest that E64d protects the brain against ischemic/reperfusion injury by attenuating neuronal and endothelial apoptosis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.