Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and Initial Validation of the NyTid Test: A Movement Assessment Tool for Compulsory School Pupils

This study presents the development process and initial validation of the NyTid test, a process-oriented movement assessment tool for compulsory school pupils. A sample of 1,260 (627 girls and 633 boys; mean age of 14.39) Swedish school children participated in the study. In the first step, exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) were performed in Sample 1, consisting of one third of the participants. The EFA indicated that the 17 skills in the test could be reduced to 12 and divided into four factors. In the second step, the suggested factor structure was cross-validated with confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) in the larger Sample 2. The NyTid test adopts a holistic perspective in which qualitative criteria offer an alternative approach to product-oriented measurement. The study confirms that the NyTid test is a valid process-oriented assessment tool designed for typically developed children aged 12 and 16.
Ion internal energy, salt tolerance and a new technical improvement of desorption nanoelectrospray.

In the last decade, a number of ambient ionization techniques for mass spectrometry (MS) have emerged. Desorption electrospray (DESI) combines sampling of analytes from solid surfaces with ionization by means of charged droplets produced in pneumatically assisted electrospray. Soon after DESI was invented, construction of its miniaturized version in an analogy to nanoelectrospray was successfully attempted. This endeavor was driven by expectations of benefits similar to those observed upon transition from electrospray to nanoelectrospray such as reduced sample consumption resulting in a prolonged data acquisition time for rare samples and lesser ion source contamination by matrix. With most features being equivalent to DESI, a distinctive trait of desorption nanoelectrospray (nanoDESI) is the spray generation from a nanoelectrospray tip (1–2μm in diameter) without any assistance of nebulizing gas. In DESI, in contrast, pneumatic nebulization has been recognized to be essential. The nanoDESI device was applied for enantiomeric analysis of samples deposited on solid surfaces. Optical purity of ephedrine was confirmed in a dry drop of pharmaceutical formulation, and enantiomeric composition of drugs was determined in a few microliters of whole human blood. Later, nanoDESI was used in analysis of wines with respect to the anthocyanine profile and possible wine adulteration. It is worth noting that the same abbreviation (nanoDESI) was later used for a different setup termed nanospray DESI ionization where the sample was not desorbed by aerosol of charged droplets. The sample was first extracted and the solution subsequently sprayed using nanoelectrospray. In terms of fundamental aspects of ionization, this experimental setup can be reasonably expected to behave as a common nanoelectrospray ion source. The technique was applied in analysis of atmospheric organic aerosols deposited on solid targets and crude oil or in imaging of analyte distributions in tissue sections. In further text, however, the term nanoDESI is referring exclusively to the former experimental design described above. Even though the reported practical examples have confirmed the usefulness of nanoDESI, only limited data has been published concerning its characteristic properties. For example, a colloid solution of ferromagnetic nanoparticles was used as the spray liquid allowed to visualize the pattern produced on the target surface by the impacting aerosol. The nebulizing gas applied in DESI caused formation of rivulets which were not observed in a parallel nanoDESI experiment. Spots formed on the surface by DESI were also notably larger in comparison to nanoDESI.
Walking the Talk? Gendered Rhetoric vs. Action in Small Firms

This study challenges the assumption that male and female business leaders establish gender-stereotypic organizational characteristics in their firms. Data collected from 229 businesses in Vancouver, Canada, indicate that an owner’s sex has no effect on the extent of a firm’s bureaucracy or the femininity of its employment relationships. These findings hold even in situations theoretically conducive to eliciting gender stereotypes. Rather than conforming primarily to the archetypically masculine model of organizing, both male and female owners manage their firms with a mix of masculine and feminine approaches. Subsequent analyses revealed, however, that business owners tend to talk as if they organize and manage their firms in different (and gender-stereotypic) ways, even though they do not do so in practice. This finding may help explain the persistent belief that a leader’s sex leaves an identifiable imprint on organizational characteristics.
Weight change between successive pregnancies and risks of stillbirth and infant mortality: a nationwide cohort study

BACKGROUND Maternal overweight and obesity are risk factors for stillbirth and infant mortality. Whether temporal changes in maternal weight affect these risks is not clear. We aimed to assess whether change of BMI between first and second pregnancies affects risks of stillbirth and infant mortality in the second-born offspring. METHODS In a Swedish population-based cohort of women who gave birth to their first and second child between Jan 1, 1992, and Dec 31, 2012, we investigated associations between change in maternal body-mass index (BMI) during early pregnancy from first to second pregnancies and risks of stillbirth and neonatal, postneonatal, and infant mortality after the second pregnancy. Relative risks (RRs) for each outcome according to BMI change categories were calculated with binomial regression. FINDINGS Complete information was available for 456,711 (77.7%) of 587,710 women who had their first and second single births in the study period. Compared with women with a stable BMI (change between -1 kg/m(2) and <1 kg/m(2)) between pregnancies, the adjusted RRs for women who gained at least 4 BMI units between pregnancies were 1.55 (95% CI 1.23-1.96) for stillbirth and 1.29 (1.00-1.67) for infant mortality. Stillbirth risks increased linearly with increased BMI gain. Risks of infant mortality in second pregnancy only increased with BMI gain in women with healthy BMI (<25 kg/m(2)) during first pregnancy; the adjusted RR for healthy weight women who gained 2 to less than 4 BMI units was 1.27 (1.01-1.59) and for those who gained 4 BMI units or more the adjusted RR was 1.60 (1.16-2.22). In overweight women (BMI ≥25 kg/m(2)), weight loss before pregnancy reduced risk of neonatal mortality. INTERPRETATION Our findings emphasise the need to prevent weight gain before pregnancy in healthy and overweight women and that weight loss should be promoted in overweight women. FUNDING Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, and Karolinska Institutet.
Potentialités et limites de la simulation multi-agents : une introduction

Cet article a un objectif general, permettre au lecteur un survol des principaux themes theoriques et methodologiques traversant les recherches relatives a, et fondees sur, la simulation multi-agents. Il a egalement un objectif specifique : aider le lecteur a mieux comprendre les contributions qui constituent le numero thematique que la Revue francaise de sociologie a voulu consacrer a cette methode. Pour ce faire, il aborde les points suivants : 1) l’originalite de la simulation multi-agents ; 2) le type d’explication que cette methode permet de mettre en œuvre ; 3) le substrat informatique de la methode ; 4) ses potentialites pour traiter le probleme de l’agregation ; 5) le rapport que l’on peut etablir entre une simulation multi-agents et les donnees empiriques ; 6) les points critiques de la methode.
Risk Perceptions and Safer-Sex Intentions: Does a Partner’s Physical Attractiveness Undermine the Use of Risk-Relevant Information?

An experimental study investigated the combined effects of participant’s gender and an opposite-sex target’s sexual history (SH) and physical attractiveness (PA) on the perceived desirability of that target, participant’s willingness to exchange personal information, intention to have sex, perceived riskiness, and intentions to engage in safer-sex behaviors should intercourse occur with the target. A total of 280 college students (140 men, 140 women) completed self-administered questionnaires immediately after viewing the target’s photograph and biographic information. Results indicated that participants, especially men, overrelied on irrelevant partner characteristics such as PA and underused the more relevant SH information in making judgments about risk and probable future behavior with the target. Supplementary path analyses highlighted the role of desirability of the target as a proximal cause of both lower risk perceptions and weakened intentions to take precautionary actions. The need to more fully address motivational factors in future research and prevention efforts is discussed.
Twitter in disaster mode: security architecture

Recent natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, etc.) have show that people heavily use platforms like Twitter to communicate and organize in emergencies. However, the fixed infrastructure supporting such communications may be temporarily wiped out. In such situations, the phones' capabilities of infrastructure-less communication can fill in: By propagating data opportunistically (from phone to phone), tweets can still be spread, yet at the cost of delays. In this paper, we present Twimight and its network security extensions. Twimight is an open source Twitter client for Android phones featured with a "disaster mode", which users enable upon losing connectivity. In the disaster mode, tweets are not sent to the Twitter server but stored on the phone, carried around as people move, and forwarded via Bluetooth when in proximity with other phones. However, switching from an online centralized application to a distributed and delay-tolerant service relying on opportunistic communication requires rethinking the security architecture. We propose security extensions to offer comparable security in the disaster mode as in the normal mode to protect Twimight from basic attacks. We also propose a simple, yet efficient, anti-spam scheme to avoid users from being flooded with spam. Finally, we present a preliminary empirical performance evaluation of Twimight.
Design and Implementation of Logistics Information Terminal Positioning Technology

This paper introduces a method about design and implementation of logistics information terminal positioning function based on embedded Linux and S3C2410 platform in detail. It includes the analysis of the current mobile positioning technology development mainly, the solutions about positioning function of logistics information terminal, the analysis of the system design of key technologies and so on. At last we show the initial realization.
Sharing Data and Work Across Concurrent Analytical Queries

Today's data deluge enables organizations to collect massive data, and analyze it with an ever-increasing number of concurrent queries. Traditional data warehouses (DW) face a challenging problem in executing this task, due to their query-centric model: each query is optimized and executed independently. This model results in high contention for resources. Thus, modern DW depart from the query-centric model to execution models involving sharing of common data and work. Our goal is to show when and how a DW should employ sharing. We evaluate experimentally two sharing methodologies, based on their original prototype systems, that exploit work sharing opportunities among concurrent queries at run-time: Simultaneous Pipelining (SP), which shares intermediate results of common sub-plans, and Global Query Plans (GQP), which build and evaluate a single query plan with shared operators. First, after a short review of sharing methodologies, we show that SP and GQP are orthogonal techniques. SP can be applied to shared operators of a GQP, reducing response times by 20%-48% in workloads with numerous common sub-plans. Second, we corroborate previous results on the negative impact of SP on performance for cases of low concurrency. We attribute this behavior to a bottleneck caused by the push-based communication model of SP. We show that pull-based communication for SP eliminates the overhead of sharing altogether for low concurrency, and scales better on multi-core machines than push-based SP, further reducing response times by 82%-86% for high concurrency. Third, we perform an experimental analysis of SP, GQP and their combination, and show when each one is beneficial. We identify a trade-off between low and high concurrency. In the former case, traditional query-centric operators with SP perform better, while in the latter case, GQP with shared operators enhanced by SP give the best results.
Trade Policy , Income Risk and Welfare ∗

This paper studies empirically the relationship between trade policy and individual income risk and uses the empirical estimates of this relationship to asses the welfare costs of changes in trade policy. The empirical analysis proceeds in two steps. First, longitudinal data on income of Mexican workers are used to estimate individual income risk in various manufacturing sectors. Second, the variation in income risk and trade barriers − both over time and across sectors − is used to arrive at estimates of the relationship between trade policy and individual income risk. Given the estimate of this relationship, a simple dynamic general equilibrium model with incomplete markets is used to calculate the associated welfare effects of changes in trade policy. ∗We are grateful to Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, Peter Howitt and seminar participants at Columbia, Brown, Johns Hopkins, U Penn, Princeton, NYU and Syracuse University for helpful comments and discussions and to Jungjin Lee for excellent research assistance. †Corresponding Author. Current contact address: Department of Economics, Fisher Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544. Email: pkrishna@princeton.edu
Microarchitectural Floorplanning for Thermal Management: A Technical Report

Abstract : In current day microprocessors, exponentially increasing power densities, leakage, cooling costs, and reliability concerns have resulted in temperature becoming a first class design constraint like performance and power. Hence, virtually every high performance microprocessor uses a combination of an elaborate thermal package and some form of Dynamic Thermal Management (DTM) scheme that adaptively controls its temperature. While DTM schemes exploit the important variable of power density to control temperature, this paper attempts to show that there is a significant peak temperature reduction potential in managing lateral heat spreading through floorplanning. It argues that this potential warrants consideration of the temperature-performance trade-off early in the design stage at the microarchitectural level using floorplanning. As a demonstration, it uses previously proposed wire delay model and floorplanning algorithm based on simulated annealing to present a profile-driven, thermal-aware floorplanning scheme that significantly reduces peak processor temperature with minimal performance impact that is quite competitive with DTM.
Object Recognition Robust under Translation , Rotation and Scaling in Application of Image Retrieval

We present object recognition algorithm robust under translation, rotation, scaling, local texture distortion and local geometrical deformation of an image. We first solve the problems in image database retrieval by transforming the image space into the Trace transform space. A robust feature from the Trace transform can be thought of as texture representations which can be used in an object recognition. The Trace transform captures the key characteristics of an object by suppressing variations of the image, while maintaining discriminability. In addition, the redundant features are ignored by using only the flagged line in the Trace transform with the help of weighted Trace transform. We obtain a high recognition of 96.78% on 353 images.
Characterizing Churn in Gnutella Network in a New Aspect

In this paper, we just study churn in Gnutella network, and there are two points that we pay more attention to. Firstly we visualize that the connection changes are much bigger than the degree changes in the Gnutella network; secondly we calculate how many new peers a particular peer can choose as neighbors during a period of time, and the conclusion is that during an hour there are about 26 new peers the very peer chooses as its neighbors. This is very useful to guide people to re-search the resource first appeared or the scarce resource that has not hit the right one for the first time search. And we claim that the perfect interval between two searches is about 70 minutes.
Modes of knowing: how kataphatic practice impacts our brains and behaviors

When God Talks Back is one of those rare books that not only provides ‘‘a good read,’’ but also good science. It is an excellent ethnography and an effective empirical examination of the proximate mechanisms of faith and religious belief. Luhrmann (2012) brings a breadth and depth of scholarship to her work that expands the reader’s understanding of both the historical foundations and psychological processes of evangelical faith. Most importantly, her research opens a window into a world often discussed but rarely observed by cognitive scientists and evolutionary scholars.
Sat-based Model Checking for Region Automata

We propose a new SAT-based model checking algorithm to solve the reachability problem of real-time systems. In our algorithm, the behavior of region automata is encoded as Boolean formulas, and hence any SAT solver can be used to explore the region graph efficiently. Although our SAT-based algorithm performs better than other algorithms in flaw detection, it is less effective in proving properties. To overcome the problem, we incorporate a complete inductive method in our algorithm to improve the performance when the property is satisfied. We implement both algorithms in a tool called xBMC and report experimental results. The experiments show that the combination of efficient encoding and inductive methods offers an effective and practical method for the analysis of timing behavior.
Bayesian spatio-temporal approach for EEG source reconstruction: conciliating ECD and distributed models

Characterizing the cortical activity sources of electroencephalography (EEG)/magnetoencephalography data is a critical issue since it requires solving an ill-posed inverse problem that does not admit a unique solution. Two main different and complementary source models have emerged: equivalent current dipoles (ECD) and distributed linear (DL) models. While ECD models remain highly popular since they provide an easy way to interpret the solutions, DL models (also referred to as imaging techniques) are known to be more realistic and flexible. In this paper, we show how those two representations of the brain electromagnetic activity can be cast into a common general framework yielding an optimal description and estimation of the EEG sources. From this extended source mixing model, we derive a hybrid approach whose key aspect is the separation between temporal and spatial characteristics of brain activity, which allows to dramatically reduce the number of DL model parameters. Furthermore, the spatial profile of the sources, as a temporal invariant map, is estimated using the entire time window data, allowing to significantly enhance the information available about the spatial aspect of the EEG inverse problem. A Bayesian framework is introduced to incorporate distinct temporal and spatial constraints on the solution and to estimate both parameters and hyperparameters of the model. Using simulated EEG data, the proposed inverse approach is evaluated and compared with standard distributed methods using both classical criteria and ROC curves.
Problematic use of prescription-type opioids prior to heroin use among young heroin injectors

Background Misuse of prescription-type opioids and related adverse health effects are increasing, but little is known about the role of these drugs as a precursor to heroin use. We conducted an exploratory study to determine the proportion of young heroin injectors reporting problematic use of prescription-type opioids prior to using heroin, and to describe the factors associated with prior problematic prescription-type opioid use. Methods Between March 2009 and June 2010, we recruited injection drug users (IDUs) for a cross-sectional study of hepatitis C virus infection risk. Participants were aged 18–40 years and had injected illicit drugs within the previous six months. A computerized self-administered survey assessed sociodemographics, drug use history, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus risk behaviors and perceptions, and medical history. We added questions on prescription-type opioid use to the parent study in March 2010; heroin injectors who subsequently enrolled and reported problematic prescription-type opioid use prior to heroin initiation were compared with other heroin IDUs using univariate and multivariate regression methods. Results Among 123 heroin IDUs, 49 (39.8%) reported problematic prescription-type opioid use prior to heroin initiation (“prescription-type opioid first injection drug users” [PTO-First IDUs]). PTO-First IDUs had higher odds of injecting with friends (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 6.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.90–19.07), getting new syringes from a spouse/family member/sex partner (AOR 23.0; 95% CI 2.33–226.0), knowing about the local syringe exchange program (AOR 7.28; 95% CI 1.17–45.05), using powder cocaine (AOR 3.75; 95% CI 1.43–9.86), and perceiving themselves as less likely than other IDUs to get HIV (AOR 4.32; 95% CI 1.26–14.77). They had lower odds of ever being tested for HIV (AOR 0.25; 95% CI 0.08–0.80). Conclusion A high proportion of young heroin IDUs reported problematic prescription-type opioid use prior to initiating heroin use. Our study provides several avenues for future investigation to help further characterize this subset of IDUs and their risks and perceptions related to HIV and other blood-borne pathogens.
Inducing a generative expressive performance model using a sequential-covering genetic algorithm

In this paper, we describe an evolutionary approach to inducing a generative model of expressive music performance for Jazz saxophone. We begin with a collection of audio recordings of real Jazz saxophone performances from which we extract a symbolic representation of the musician's expressive performance. We then apply an evolutionary algorithm to the symbolic representation in order to obtain computational models for different aspects of expressive performance. Finally, we use these models to automatically synthesize performances with the expressiveness that characterizes the music generated by a professional saxophonist.
On acoustic surveillance of hazardous situations

The present study presents a practical methodology for automatic space monitoring based solely on the perceived acoustic information. We consider the case where atypical situations such as screams, explosions and gunshots take place in a metro station environment. Our approach is based on a two stage recognition schema, each one exploiting HMMs for approximating the density function of the corresponding sound class. The main objective is to detect abnormal events that take place in a noisy environment. A thorough evaluation procedure is carried out under different SNR conditions and we report high detection rates with respect to false alarm and miss probabilities rates.