Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associated with Increased Cell Growth Inhibits LFA-1-Mediated Cell Adhesion Is A Dominant Jurkat T Cell Mutation That

3 LFA-1 exists in a low avidity state on resting leukocytes and is believed to adopt a high avidity state when the cells are exposed to a stimulus. Current evidence supports both aggregation of LFA-1 on the cell surface and conformational changes in the reversible acquisition of a high avidity state. We studied this regulation by selecting a Jurkat T cell clone, J-lo1.3, that expresses LFA-1 yet fails to bind to puriﬁed ICAM-1 despite treatment of the cells with PMA or Mn 2 (cid:1) . Several lines of evidence demonstrated the absence of any changes within LFA-1 itself. LFA-1 protein puriﬁed from the J-lo1.3 clone and the wild-type Jurkat clone, Jn.9, were found to be functionally equivalent. The cDNA sequences encoding the LFA-1 (cid:2) - and (cid:3) -chains from J-lo1.3 were identical with the published sequences except for nine base pairs. However, these differences were also found in a Jurkat mutant with a constitutively avid phenotype, J (cid:1) hi1.19 or the wild-type Jn.9 genomic or cDNA. Fusion of J-lo1.3 with Jn.9 yielded hybrids that exhibited the J-lo1.3 adhesion phenotype, which indicated a dominant mutation in J-lo1.3. This phenotype was relatively speciﬁc for LFA-1 among all integrins expressed by Jurkat. Interestingly, the J-lo1.3 cells had a 1.2-fold faster doubling time than did the Jn.9 cells. Reversion of J-lo1.3 to the wild-type adhesion phenotype by mutagenesis and selection also decreased the growth rate. These data support a connection between cellular growth and cellular adhesion in lymphocytes. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 167: 6171–6179.
The Shortest Game of Chinese Checkers and Related Problems

Abstract In 1979, David Fabian found a complete game of two-person Chinese Checkers in 30 moves (15 by each player). This solution requires that the two players cooperate to generate a win as quickly as possible for one of them. We show, using computational search techniques, that no shorter game is possible. We also consider a solitaire version of Chinese Checkers where one player attempts to move her pieces across the board in as few moves as possible. In 1971, Octave Levenspiel found a solution in 27 moves; we demonstrate that no shorter solution exists. To show optimality, we employ a variant of A* search, as well as bidirectional search.
Tractable learning of liftable Markov logic networks

Markov logic networks (MLNs) are a popular statistical relational learning formalism that combine Markov networks with first-order logic. Unfortunately, inference and maximum-likelihood learning with MLNs is highly intractable. For inference, this problem is addressed by lifted algorithms, which speed up inference by exploiting symmetries. State-of-the-art lifted algorithms give tractability guarantees for broad classes of MLNs and inference tasks. For learning, we showed in recent work how to use lifted inference techniques for efficient maximum-likelihood parameter learning. In this paper, we propose the first lifted structure learning algorithm that guarantees that the learned MLNs are liftable, and thus tractable for certain queries. Our work is among the first to apply the tractable learning paradigm to statistical relational models. Moreover, it is the first structure learning algorithm that exactly optimizes the likelihood of the MLN. An empirical evaluation on three realworld datasets shows that our algorithm learns accurate models, both in terms of likelihood and prediction quality. Furthermore, our tractable learner outperforms intractable models on prediction tasks suggesting that liftable models are a powerful hypothesis space, which may be sufficient for many standard learning problems.
IP traceback for wireless ad-hoc networks

Denial of service (DoS) and distributed DoS attacks constitute a major class of security threat today. As the attackers usually use IP spoofing to conceal their real location, several IP traceback mechanisms have been proposed to trace the true source of the attackers to institute accountability. In wireless ad-hoc networks, where the nodes are typically devices with limited bandwidth, computational resources and battery power, and with unpredictable routing topology, additional constraints are placed on these tracing techniques to locate the attack sources efficiently. We have conducted qualitative analysis and simulations to investigate the feasibility and evaluate the attack path detection performance of existing IP traceback techniques (i.e., source path isolation engine, probabilistic packet marking, and ICMP traceback) on wireless ad-hoc networks, using a proactive (DSDV) or a reactive (AODV) routing protocol. Our studies show that the performance of traceback depends not only on the technique itself, but also on the ad-hoc routing protocol chosen and the network size.
Systematic Review of CT and MR Perfusion Imaging for Assessment of Acute Cerebrovascular Disease

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Perfusion imaging sequences are an important part of imaging studies designed to provide information to guide therapy for treatment of cerebrovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the medical literature on perfusion imaging to determine its role in clinical decision making for patients with acute cerebral ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched MEDLINE by using a strategy that combined terms related to perfusion imaging with terms related to acute cerebral ischemia and brain tumors. We identified 658 perfusion imaging articles and classified them according to the clinical usefulness criteria of Thornbury and Fryback. We found 59 articles with promise of indicating usefulness in clinical decision making. We devised and implemented a clinical decision making scoring scale more appropriate to the topic of acute cerebral ischemia. RESULTS: Several articles provided important insights into the physiologic processes underlying acute cerebral ischemia by correlation of initial perfusion imaging deficits with clinical outcome or ultimate size of the infarct. However, most articles showed relatively low relevance to influencing decisions in implementing treatment. CONCLUSION: Most perfusion imaging articles are oriented toward important topics such as optimization of imaging parameters, determination of ischemia penumbra, and prediction of outcome. However, information as to the role of perfusion imaging in clinical decision making is lacking. Studies are needed to demonstrate that use of perfusion imaging changes outcome of patients with acute cerebral ischemia.
A Novel In Vivo Assay Reveals Inhibition of Ribosomal Nuclear Export in Ran-Cycle and Nucleoporin Mutants

To identify components involved in the nuclear export of ribosomes in yeast, we developed an in vivo assay exploiting a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged version of ribosomal protein L25. After its import into the nucleolus, L25-GFP assembles with 60S ribosomal subunits that are subsequently exported into the cytoplasm. In wild-type cells, GFP-labeled ribosomes are only detected by fluorescence in the cytoplasm. However, thermosensitive rna1-1 (Ran-GAP), prp20-1 (Ran-GEF), and nucleoporin nup49 and nsp1 mutants are impaired in ribosomal export as revealed by nuclear accumulation of L25-GFP. Furthermore, overexpression of dominant-negative RanGTP (Gsp1-G21V) and the tRNA exportin Los1p inhibits ribosomal export. The pattern of subnuclear accumulation of L25-GFP observed in different mutants is not identical, suggesting that transport can be blocked at different steps. Thus, nuclear export of ribosomes requires the nuclear/cytoplasmic Ran-cycle and distinct nucleoporins. This assay can be used to identify soluble transport factors required for nuclear exit of ribosomes.
Analysis on the force propagation of the tendon-sheath actuation in dexterous surgical robots

Tendon sheath actuation is widely used in the minimally invasive surgery (MIS) robotic system, particularly in the single port laparoscopy (SPL) and the natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) robots. The force propagation from the proximal end to distal end is the most important characters for the tendon sheath actuation, and the friction is a major problem. In this paper, a classical friction model is presented at first. A series of experiments are carried out to verify the correctness of model. Some factors like the pulling velocity, the tendon diameter and the sheath curvature, which are not considered in the model are also tested in the experiments. The results show that some of these factors also have effect on the friction. A modified friction model is presented to adjust the different tendon diameters.
Resurrection of the genus Homalopteroides (Teleostei: Balitoridae) with a redescription of H. modestus (Vinciguerra 1890)

The genus Homalopteroides Fowler 1905 is resurrected and distinguished from the genus Homaloptera van Hasselt 1823 based on a combination of characters including a unique mouth morphology, dorsal-fin origin over pelvic fin, 60 lateralline scales, and 30 predorsal scales. Species included in Homalopteroides are H. wassinkii (Bleeker 1853), H. modestus (Vinciguerra 1890), H. rupicola (Prashad & Mukerji 1929), H. smithi (Hora 1932), H. stephensoni (Hora 1932), H. weberi (Hora 1932), H. tweediei (Herre 1940), H. indochinensis (Silas 1953), H. nebulosus (Alfred 1969), H. yuwonoi (Kottelat 1998), and possibly H. manipurensis (Arunkumar 1999). Homalopteroides modestus (Vinciguerra 1890) is a poorly known species that was originally described from the Meekalan and Meetan rivers of southern Myanmar. It occurs in the Salween, Mae Khlong, and Tenasserim basins, and can be distinguished from all other species of Homalopteroides by the combination of caudal-fin pattern (black proximal and distal bars, median blotch), 15 pectoral-fin rays, pectoral-fin length greater than head length, 5½–6½ scales above and 5–6 scales below the lateral line (to the pelvic fin), 39–44 total lateralline pores, no axillary pelvic-fin lobe, pelvic fin not reaching anus, orbital length less than interorbital width in adult, and maxillary barbel reaching to or slightly past the anterior orbital rim.
Comparison between FLC and PID Controller for 5DOF robot arm

Controlling robot manipulator is essential problem to guarantee the robot execute the desired task with minimum error. This paper presents a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for manipulating 5DOF robot arm based on independent joint control method. The proposed controller design aims to overcome the drawbacks of classical PID controller. The simulation is done using Matlab/ SIMULINK by comparing the performance of the two controllers for Lynx6 robot arm in terms of time response. Based on the simulation results, the FLC provides good results than PID controller.
The Double Intentionality of Emotional Experience

© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.I argue that while the feeling of bodily responses is not necessary to emotion, these feelings contribute significant meaningful content to everyday emotional experience. Emotional bodily feelings represent a 'state of self', analysed as a sense of one's body affording certain patterns of interaction with the environment. Recognising that there are two sources of intentional content in everyday emotional experience allows us to reconcile the diverging intuitions that people have about emotional states, and to understand better the long-standing debate between bodily feeling-based and appraisal-based theories of emotion.
Professionals’ perspectives on delivering conversation therapy in clinical practice

ABSTRACT Background: Aphasia and other acquired language impairments have the potential to impact greatly on quality of life by disrupting everyday conversation. Different intervention approaches are available to speech and language therapists (SLTs), such as targeting the language impairment itself and/or addressing activity or participation barriers. Conversation therapy is one approach that is gaining in popularity, with a growing evidence base. However, it is not clear how SLTs currently use conversation approaches and what factors may influence delivery. Aims: To investigate how SLTs (i) define conversation therapy, (ii) deliver it in clinical practice, and identify (iii) any challenges faced. Methods & Procedures: An online survey and focus group explored how SLTs working in the south east of England currently deliver conversation therapy to support people with a range of communication disorders, in particular aphasia. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. Outcomes & Results: A total of 50 SLTs completed the survey and 6 participants attended the focus group. Conversation therapy was found to be widely employed by participants, however there was considerable variation in the approaches used, and a number of major challenges were raised. SLTs reported delivering conversation therapy with a range of client groups and preferably working with the client and partner together. Conversation goals predominantly reflected an approach based on: (i) strategy use and/or total communication (TC), and (ii) Conversation Analysis. Three overarching themes around conversation therapy emerged from the focus group: (1) What is conversation therapy? (2) showing it works, and (3) complexities of delivering it. SLTs acknowledged the benefit of conversation therapy but felt they lacked the tools and skills needed to deliver it. Conclusions: SLTs wanted to use conversation therapy and desired clear outcome measures to demonstrate its effectiveness, but were not accessing the available evidence base, highlighting the ongoing difficulty of translating research into clinical practice. Whilst these data are limited by the small number of participants, the study provides a first view of how conversation therapy is articulated in practice. Further investigation of conversation therapy delivery is warranted with a larger sample of SLTs based across the United Kingdom, as is comparison with practice in other countries.
Glucagon secretion from pancreatic α-cells

Abstract Type 2 diabetes involves a ménage à trois of impaired glucose regulation of pancreatic hormone release: in addition to impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion, the release of the hyperglycaemic hormone glucagon becomes dysregulated; these last-mentioned defects exacerbate the metabolic consequences of hypoinsulinaemia and are compounded further by hypersecretion of somatostatin (which inhibits both insulin and glucagon secretion). Glucagon secretion has been proposed to be regulated by either intrinsic or paracrine mechanisms, but their relative significance and the conditions under which they operate are debated. Importantly, the paracrine and intrinsic modes of regulation are not mutually exclusive; they could operate in parallel to control glucagon secretion. Here we have applied mathematical modelling of α-cell electrical activity as a novel means of dissecting the processes that underlie metabolic regulation of glucagon secretion. Our analyses indicate that basal hypersecretion of somatostatin and/or increased activity of somatostatin receptors may explain the loss of adequate counter-regulation under hypoglycaemic conditions, as well as the physiologically inappropriate stimulation of glucagon secretion during hyperglycaemia seen in diabetic patients. We therefore advocate studying the interaction of the paracrine and intrinsic mechanisms; unifying these processes may give a more complete picture of the regulation of glucagon secretion from α-cells than studying the individual parts.
Differentiation and Anaerobiosis in Standing Liquid Cultures of Streptomyces coelicolor

ABSTRACT Streptomyces coelicolor differentiates on solid agar media by forming aerial hyphae that septate into spores. We here show that differentiation also occurs in standing liquid minimal media. After a period of submerged growth, hyphae migrate to the air interface, where they become fixed by a rigid reflecting film. Colonies that result from these hyphae form sporulating aerial hyphae. In addition, submerged hyphae in the liquid minimal medium may attach to the surface. Liquid standing cultures easily become anoxic only 1 to 2 mm below the surface. Yet, biomass increases, implying the existence of metabolic pathways supporting anaerobic growth.
Energy Modeling and Architecture Exploration for Emotion Detection Systems

Energy consumption is one of the main constraints which are faced by designers of communicating objects. Indeed, we are seeing a real increase in the number of communicating objects ranging from customer applications (video games, health care objects) to industrial applications (M2M, automatic car parking, drones). This paper presents a new high level model of autonomy estimation for wearable communicating objects, and more particularly for emotion detection systems and a design space exploration. The innovation in this methodology is to meet the autonomy constraint of health objects while maintaining a reasonable performance which is defined by the emotion recognition rate. The influence of the architecture (RF protocol, kind and number of sensors, .) and its configuration of the system autonomy and emotion recognition rate is studied in order to propose the most suitable system. The different results show that we can get a high recognition rate and a sufficient autonomy for users.
Compressing Texts with Neural Nets

Neural networks are promising tools for data compression without loss of information. We combine predictive neural nets and statistical coding techniques to compress text les. We apply our methods to certain short newspaper articles and obtain compression ratios exceeding those of widely used Lempel-Ziv algorithms (which are the basis of the UNIX functions \compress" and \gzip"). Our methods' main disadvantage is that they are about three orders of magnitude slower than standard methods.
Improving Health-Related Quality of Life among People Living with HIV: Results from an Impact Evaluation of a Food Assistance Program in Uganda

Introduction Widespread food insecurity in Africa continues to compromise an effective response to the AIDS epidemic. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a comprehensive indicator of physical, mental, and social well-being that is associated with food insecurity and increasingly used to assess the well-being of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). We examined the impact of a food assistance intervention, previously shown to have reduced household food insecurity and improved nutritional status, on HRQoL of PLHIV. Methods We capitalized on an existing intervention targeting antiretroviral therapy (ART)- naïve PLHIV in Uganda, and conducted a prospective impact evaluation including a treatment and a comparison group. Data analyzed included 640 participants from two districts (318 in the intervention district) interviewed in both clinic and household settings at baseline and again approximately one year later. The main outcomes considered were physical and mental health dimensions of HRQoL, and other outcomes included self- and healthcare provider-reported symptoms. We utilized difference-in-difference propensity score matching methodologies to infer causality and examine program impacts. Results Over 12 months, food assistance significantly increased physical health scores (PHS) by 2.85 (P < .01) or approximately 0.35 SD, and reduced substantially the number of self- and healthcare provider-reported HIV-related symptoms by 3.83 and 2.68, respectively (P < .01). There was no significant impact, however, on mental health scores (MHS). Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential importance for HRQoL of including food assistance programming as part of the standard of care for PLHIV in areas of widespread food insecurity.
NOISE POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY ESTIMATION ON HIGHLY CORRELATED DATA

In this contribution the Minimum Statistics noise power spectral density estimator [1] is revised for the particular case of highly correlated data which is observed for example when framewise processing with considerable frame overlap is performed. For this special case the noise power estimator tends to underestimate the noise power. We identify the variance estimator in the Minimum Statistics approach of being the origin of the observed underestimation. The variance estimator controls the bias compensation which is necessary to infer the mean power from a minimum value. This estimator turns out to be biased when the data is correlated. We provide an expression that describes the bias and show that by exploiting this the noise power estimation can be improved.
Hierarchical Classification of Large-Scale Patient Records for Automatic Treatment Stratification

In this paper, a hierarchical learning algorithm is developed for classifying large-scale patient records, e.g., categorizing large-scale patient records into large numbers of known patient categories (i.e., thousands of known patient categories) for automatic treatment stratification. Our hierarchical learning algorithm can leverage tree structure to train more discriminative max-margin classifiers for high-level nodes and control interlevel error propagation effectively. By ruling out unlikely groups of patient categories (i.e., irrelevant high-level nodes) at an early stage, our hierarchical approach can achieve log-linear computational complexity, which is very attractive for big data applications. Our experiments on one specific medical domain have demonstrated that our hierarchical approach can achieve very competitive results on both classification accuracy and computational efficiency as compared with other state-of-the-art techniques.
Globular Clusters with Dark Matter Halos. Ii. Evolution in Tidal Field

In this second paper in our series, we continue to test primordial scenarios of globular cluster formation which predict that globular clusters formed in the early universe in the potential of dark matter minihalos. In this paper we use high-resolution N-body simulations to model tidal stripping experienced by primordial dark-matter dominated globular clusters in the static gravitational potential of the host dwarf galaxy. We test both cuspy Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) and flat-core Burkert models of dark matter halos. Our primordial globular cluster with an NFW dark matter halo survives severe tidal stripping, and after 10 orbits is still dominated by dark matter in its outskirts. Our cluster with Burkert dark matter halo loses almost all its dark matter to tidal stripping, and starts losing stars at the end of our simulations. The results of this paper reinforce our conclusion in Paper I that current observations of globular clusters are consistent with the primordial picture of globular cluster formation.
Neutralizing antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 gp120 induce envelope glycoprotein subunit dissociation

The spectrum of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) neutralizing immune response has been analyzed by the production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the viral envelope glycoproteins, gp41 and gp120. Little is known, however, about the neutralization mechanism of these antibodies. Here we show that the binding of a group of neutralizing mAbs that react with regions of the gp120 molecule associated with and including the V2 and V3 loops, the C4 domain and supporting structures, induce the dissociation of gp120 from gp41 on cells infected with the T cell line-adapted HIV-1 molecular clone Hx10. Similar to soluble receptor-induced dissociation of gp120 from gp41, the antibody-induced dissociation is dose- and time- dependent. By contrast, mAbs binding to discontinuous epitopes overlapping the CD4 binding site do not induce gp120 dissociation, implying that mAb induced conformational changes in gp120 are epitope specific, and that HIV neutralization probably involves several mechanisms.