Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An approach for evaluating and suggesting method names using n-gram models

Method names are important for the software development process. It has been shown by some studies that the quality of method names affects software comprehension. In response, some approaches that evaluate comprehensibility of method names have been proposed. However, the effectiveness of existing approaches is limited because they focus on part of names. To deal with the limitation, we propose a novel approach for evaluating comprehensibility of method names and suggesting comprehensible method names using n-gram models. We implemented a prototype tool and conducted two experiments as a case study. Our experiments show that our approach can correctly evaluate 75% method names and successfully suggest 92% actual third words of method names.
Regression-based quantitative trait loci mapping: robust, efficient and effective

Regression has always been an important tool for quantitative geneticists. The use of maximum likelihood (ML) has been advocated for the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) through linkage with molecular markers, and this approach can be very effective. However, linear regression models have also been proposed which perform similarly to ML, while retaining the many beneficial features of regression and, hence, can be more tractable and versatile than ML in some circumstances. Here, the use of linear regression to detect QTL in structured outbred populations is reviewed and its perceived shortfalls are revisited. It is argued that the approach is valuable now and will remain so in the future.
Is motor slowing a universal phenomenon of Aging? Study correlates the effect of aging on psychomotor speed

Objectives: The purpose of study was to determine the direct effects of aging on dopamine receptor & prefrontal cortex & their indirect effect on psychomotor speed. Background: Reaction time is mainly a centrally determined function. Its slowing with advancing age is based on various age- induced changes that occur in central nervous system. Damage or dysfunction of basal ganglia may be the basis for psychomotor slowness of speed and reduced D 2 dopamine receptor density, a potential biomarkers of aging. After age 20 years, D 1 receptors disappear at 3.2% per decade while D 2 receptors disappear at about 2.2% per decade. Overall, therefore, the D 1/D 2 ratio falls with age. Methods: Reaction time is measured by using a response analyzer in healthy controls with age ranging from 20-82 years. Result: It was observed that there is slowness of psychomotor speed with increasing age. Conclusion: Speed of perception, speed of initiating the response and speed of movement are all involved in psychomotor performance. Neural system related to all these functions would be most importantly implicated in the slowing seen as a consequence of aging. It might lead to the delayed or slower reaction time to auditory and visual stimuli in elderly subjects. Damage or dysfunction of basal ganglia may be the basis for psychomotor slowness of speed and reduced D 2 dopamine receptor density, a potential biomarkers of aging. Thus motor slowing is a universal feature of human aging commonly expressing human senescence.
Salt Fluxes in a Complex River Mouth System of Portugal

Measurements of velocity and salinity near the mouth and head of the Espinheiro channel (Ria de Aveiro lagoon, Portugal) are used to study the local variation of physical water properties and to assess the balance, under steady conditions, between the seaward salt transport induced by river discharge and the landward dispersion induced by various mixing mechanisms. This assessment is made using data sampled during complete tidal cycles. Under the assumption that the estuarine tidal channel is laterally homogeneous and during moderate tidal periods (except for one survey), currents and salinity data were decomposed into various spatial and temporal means and their deviations. Near the channel's mouth, the main contributions to the salt transport are the terms due to freshwater discharge and the tidal correlation. Near the channel's head, this last term is less important than the density driven circulation, which is enhanced by the increase in freshwater discharge. The remaining terms, which are dependent on the deviations from the mean depth have a smaller role in the results of salt transport. The computed salt transport per unit width of a section perpendicular to the mean flow is in close agreement to the sum of the advective and dispersive terms (within or very close to 12%). An imbalance of the salt budget across the sections is observed for all the surveys. Considerations are made on how this approach can inform the management of hazardous contamination and how to use these results to best time the release of environmental flows during dry months.
Evolving Chess Playing Programs

This contribution introduces a hybrid GP/ES system for the evolution of chess playing computer programs. We discuss the basic system and examine its performance in comparison to pre-existing algorithms of the type alpha-beta and its improved variants. We can show that evolution is able to outperform these algorithms both in terms of efficiency and strength.
Channel capacity characteristics of multi-user MIMO systems in urban area

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems have been expected to improve the channel capacity over a limited bandwidth of existing networks [1], [2]. The effects on channel capacity of Single-User MIMO (SU-MIMO) systems in urban scenarios have been previously studied [3]. It has been clarified that the larger number of antennas cannot contribute the improvement on the channel capacity in urban SU-MIMO scenarios due to very high spatial correlation. In this paper, we focus on the MU-MIMO transmission because it can discriminate multiple users by the difference of Angle of Arrival (AoA). We compare the Multi Access Channel (MAC) capacity in uplink with the channel capacity in SU-MIMO by setting the total numbers of transmitting and receiving antennas of SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO to be the same. When the same numbers of antenna elements are used, the better performance is obtained with MU-MIMO in urban scenarios, unlike identical independent distributed (i.i.d.) channels which are generally assumed in MIMO transmission. We also clarify an interesting relationship between the channel capacity improvement of MU-MIMO compared with SU-MIMO and a path visibility.
Enculturating conversational interfaces by socio-cultural aspects of communication

The workshop is centered around three main research challenges: 1. ) Computationally viable models of cultural aspects of conversations: Cultural norms and values penetrate all our communications and interactions by giving us heuristics how to behave and how to interpret the verbal and nonverbal behavior of others. To make such a notion like culture available for computation, we need a very specific theory of culture that takes its effects on communication and interaction into account.2. ) Reliable empirical data on cultural/cross-cultural interaction: To realize technical systems that take cultural influences on behavior into account, precise data analysis on how this influence manifests itself is necessary. In the literature, this information is often given in very general forms without to the precise data on which the observations are based.3. ) Enculturating conversational interfaces: Having identified cultural influences on verbal/nonverbal communicative behaviors, it remains to be shown how this can be applied to the development of human-computer interfaces, for instance in an interface reflecting cultural norms and values of communication.
Thermal components in the early x-ray afterglow of GRBs

The presence of thermal components in the early X-ray afterglows of γ -ray bursts is investigated. We discuss both the presence of a thermal continuum and, in particular, of collisional X-ray emission lines. We compute the predicted luminosity by a thin plasma for a range of metallicities for the continuum and the K α lines of the elements Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca and Fe. We show that light travel effects are dominant in the determination of the thermal continuum and line luminosities, and derive the relevant equations. We conclude that thermal lines and continua are unlikely to dominate the early afterglow of GRBs, unless the explosion site is surrounded by a very massive and extremely clumped shell of material. Such conditions are difficult to envisage in the close environment of the GRB progenitor, unless they are excited by some strong precursor activity, like in the Supranova scenario.
DATA MINING METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL MODEL OF COST PREDICTION IN SHIP INTERIM PRODUCT ASSEMBLY

In order to accurately predict costs of the thousands of interim products that are assembled in shipyards, it is necessary to use skilled engineers to develop detailed Gantt charts for each interim product separately which takes many hours. It is helpful to develop a prediction tool to estimate the cost of interim products accurately and quickly without the need for skilled engineers. This will drive down shipyard costs and improve competitiveness. Data mining is used extensively for developing prediction models in other industries. Since ships consist of thousands of interim products, it is logical to develop a data mining methodology for a shipyard or any other manufacturing industry where interim products are produced. The methodology involves analysis of existing interim products and data collection. Pre-processing and principal component analysis is done to make the data “user-friendly” for later prediction processing and the development of both accurate and robust models. The support vector machine is demonstrated as the better model when there are a lower number of tuples. However as the number of tuples is increased to over 10000, then the artificial neural network model is recommended.
Subject Matter Expert Judgments Regarding the Relative Importance of Competencies are Not Useful for Choosing the Test Batteries that Best Predict Performance

Several recent articles have suggested that assessments of the relative importance of different abilities or competencies to a job have little bearing on the criterion‐related validity of these selection tests that measure those abilities. We hypothesize that selection test batteries chosen to maximize the judged importance of knowledge, skills, and abilities will not predict performance better than batteries of tests chosen at random. The results in two independent samples consistently show that the validity of test batteries chosen based on subject matter expert judgments of importance is not different from the validity of batteries of a comparable number of tests chosen at random from a set of intercorrelated tests, or even those chosen to provide the worst possible match between test content and job content.
A Novel Wearable Forehead EOG Measurement System for Human Computer Interfaces

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients whose voluntary muscles are paralyzed commonly communicate with the outside world using eye movement. There have been many efforts to support this method of communication by tracking or detecting eye movement. An electrooculogram (EOG), an electro-physiological signal, is generated by eye movements and can be measured with electrodes placed around the eye. In this study, we proposed a new practical electrode position on the forehead to measure EOG signals, and we developed a wearable forehead EOG measurement system for use in Human Computer/Machine interfaces (HCIs/HMIs). Four electrodes, including the ground electrode, were placed on the forehead. The two channels were arranged vertically and horizontally, sharing a positive electrode. Additionally, a real-time eye movement classification algorithm was developed based on the characteristics of the forehead EOG. Three applications were employed to evaluate the proposed system: a virtual keyboard using a modified Bremen BCI speller and an automatic sequential row-column scanner, and a drivable power wheelchair. The mean typing speeds of the modified Bremen brain–computer interface (BCI) speller and automatic row-column scanner were 10.81 and 7.74 letters per minute, and the mean classification accuracies were 91.25% and 95.12%, respectively. In the power wheelchair demonstration, the user drove the wheelchair through an 8-shape course without collision with obstacles.
An OLAM Operator for Multi-Dimensional Shrink

Shrink is an OLAM On-Line Analytical Mining operator based on hierarchical clustering, and it has been previously proposed in mono-dimensional form to balance precision with size in the visualization of cubes via pivot tables during OLAP analyses. It can be applied to the cube resulting from a query to decrease its size while controlling the approximation introduced; the idea is to fuse similar facts together and replace them with a single representative fact, respecting the bounds posed by dimension hierarchies. In this paper the authors propose a multi-dimensional generalization of the shrink operator, where facts are fused along multiple dimensions. Multi-dimensional shrink comes in two flavors: lazy and eager, where the bounds posed by hierarchies are respectively weaker and stricter. Greedy algorithms based on agglomerative clustering are presented for both lazy and eager shrink, and experimentally evaluated in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.
Scalable Techniques for Clustering the Web (Extended Abstract)

Clustering is one of the most crucial techniques for dealing with the massive amount of information present on the web. Clustering can either be performed once offline, independent of search queries, or performed online on the results of search queries. Our offline approach aims to efficiently cluster similar pages on the web, using the technique of Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH), in which web pages are hashed in such a way that similar pages have a much higher probability of collision than dissimilar pages. Our preliminary experiments on the Stanford WebBase have shown that the hash-based scheme can be scaled to millions of urls.
Fluid replacement protection of rabbits challenged subcutaneous with toxic shock syndrome toxins

Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPE A) belong to a family of pyrogenic toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, respectively. Both toxins are responsible for causing toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and related illnesses, clinically characterized by multiorgan involvement. The most severe TSS symptom is acute hypotension and shock after the initial febrile response. In this study, we examined possible mechanisms of shock development in TSS, particularly the role of T-cell proliferation, endotoxin enhancement by toxins, and capillary leakage. American Dutch belted rabbits, with subcutaneously implanted miniosmotic pumps filled with either TSST-1 or SPE A, served as the animal model. For both TSST-1 and SPE A-treated rabbits, administration of cyclosporin A prevented toxin-induced T-cell proliferation but failed to protect the rabbits. Polymyxin B treatment of rabbits, to neutralize endogenous endotoxin, partially protected rabbits from challenge with either exotoxin; two of six rabbits survived on day 2 when treated with only TSST-1, whereas six of six animals survived after challenge with TSST-1 and polymyxin B. Similarly, with SPE A-treated rabbits, only 1 of 10 animals without polymyxin B treatment survived on day 8, but 4 of 6 rabbits survived on day 8 when given polymyxin B. Fluid replacement was successful in preventing lethality. Twelve of 14 rabbits survived when given TSST-1 with fluid, and all rabbits treated with SPE A and fluid survived. Finally, by using miniosmotic pumps, staphylococcal exfoliative toxin A and concanavalin A were administered to rabbits in an attempt to induce lethality. These two T-cell mitogens caused T-cell proliferation but failed to induce lethality in rabbits. The data suggest that toxin interactions causing vascular leakage and to some extent endotoxin enhancement are of major importance in development of hypotension and shock in TSS. It appears that T-cell proliferation may not contribute significantly to the induction of shock and death.
Meropenem versus tobramycin with clindamycin in the antibiotic management of patients with advanced appendicitis.

BACKGROUND Meropenem (MP), a new carbapenem antibiotic, has excellent antimicrobial activity against the enteric flora commonly encountered in acute appendicitis. Although similar to imipenem, it may have clinical advantages. STUDY DESIGN We compared patients with advanced appendicitis (gangrenous or perforated) treated with 1,000 mg MP every eight hours with those given the combination of tobramycin 5 mg/kg/day at eight hour intervals and clindamycin 900 mg every eight hours. Both treatments were given intravenously. Patients were randomized to either group of the double-blind study. RESULTS Of 129 evaluable cases, 63 received MP and 66 received both tobramycin and clindamycin (T/C). The two groups were similar in age, sex, and severity of disease. The mean number of days of postoperative fever (MP = 3.1 +/- 1.7 SD compared to T/C = 4.4 +/- 2.2 SD, p < or = 0.01), days of antibiotic therapy (MP = 6.1 +/- 1.6 SD compared to T/C = 7.3 +/- 2.2 SD, p = 0.01), and therefore hospital stay (MP = 8.0 +/- 3.5 SD compared to T/C = 9.4 +/- 2.6 SD, p < 0.01) were significantly better for patients treated with MP. No difference was found between the numbers of failures in each group (MP = 5 compared to T/C = 6). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a small but significant reduction (approximately one day) in post-operative fever, duration of antibiotic treatment, and hospital stay for patients treated with MP compared to those treated with T/C.
Robust wireless multihop localization using mobile anchors

Knowing the position of sensor nodes in an environmental monitoring is useful to identify the location of events. However deploying GPS receivers or other anchor sensors is expensive, since the role of anchor nodes ends after localizing sensor nodes' positions and they are transferred into ordinary sensor nodes. In this paper, we introduce a new localization scheme for a wireless sensor network that can localize sensor nodes using a collinear and non-collinear mobile anchor node. This scheme benefits from the estimated distance between neighbor nodes and additional information provided by the anchor node about the flow direction of the message. Each node localizes it's position from two independent directions. A Kalman Filter is then used to improve the location accuracy for each node. Through simulation studies, we show that the scheme using a Kalman Filter decreases the estimation errors than using single direction by 31% and 16% better than using weighted averages. As well, our new scheme overcomes the collinearity problem that appears from using mobile anchor nodes.
Impairment in Cognitive and Affective Empathy in Patients with Brain Lesions: Anatomical and Cognitive Correlates

ABSTRACT The present study was designed to examine the degree of impairment in cognitive and affective empathy among patients with focal brain lesions, and the contribution of specific cognitive abilities (such as cognitive flexibility and processing of emotional information), to empathy. The cognitive and affective empathic response of patients with localized prefrontal lesions (n=36) was compared to responses of patients with parietal lesions (n=15) and healthy control subjects (n=19). Results indicate that patients with prefrontal lesions (especially those with lesions involving the orbitoprefrontal and medial regions) were significantly impaired in both cognitive and affective empathy as compared to parietal patients and healthy controls. When the damage was restricted to the prefrontal cortex, either left- or right-hemisphere lesions resulted in impaired empathy. However, when the lesion involved the right hemisphere, patients with parietal lesions were also impaired. The pattern of relationships between cognitive performance and empathy suggested dissociation between the cognitive correlates of affective and cognitive empathy.
Towards Maintenance Support for Idiom-based Code Using Sequential Pattern Mining

Developers often use an idiom to implement a concern. When a fault is found in an idiom, developers have to ﬁnd all source code fragments derived from the original. While code-clone detection tools can detect copy-and-pasted code, such tools cannot detect code fragments mod-iﬁed after pasted. We are investigating a sequential pattern mining approach to capture idiom-based code that spread across modules. This position paper shows our approach and the result of a preliminary case study.
On the Chromatic Number of some Flip Graphs

This paper studies the chromatic number of the following four flip graphs (under suitable definitions of a flip): the flip graph of perfect matchings of a complete graph of even order, the flip graph of triangulations of a convex polygon (the associahedron), the flip graph of non-crossing Hamiltonian paths of a set of points in convex position, and the flip graph of triangles in a convex point set. We give tight bounds for the latter two cases and upper bounds for the first two.
D-Posture Recognition Using Joint Angle Representation

This paper presents an approach for action recognition performed by human using the joint angles from skeleton information. Unlike classical approaches that focus on the body silhouette, our approach uses body joint angles estimated directly from time-series skeleton sequences captured by depth sensor. In this context, 3D joint locations of skeletal data are initially processed. Furthermore, the 3D locations computed from the sequences of actions are described as the angles features. In order to generate prototypes of actions poses, joint features are quantized into posture visual words. The temporal transitions of the visual words are encoded as symbols for a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Each action is trained through the HMM using the visual words symbols, following, all the trained HMM are used for action recognition.
Revisiting Catalysis by Chymotrypsin Family Serine Proteases Using Peptide Substrates and Inhibitors with Unnatural Main Chains*

Chymotrypsin family serine proteases play essential roles in key biological and pathological processes and are frequently targets of drug discovery efforts. This large enzyme family is also among the most advanced model systems for detailed studies of enzyme mechanism and structure/function relationships. Productive interactions between these enzymes and their substrates are widely believed to mimic the “canonical” interactions between serine proteases and “standard” inhibitors observed in numerous protease-inhibitor complexes. To test this central hypothesis we have synthesized and characterized a series of peptide analogs, based on model substrates and inhibitors of trypsin, that contain unnatural main chains. These results call into question a long accepted theory regarding the interaction of chymotrypsin family serine proteases with substrates and suggest that the canonical interactions observed between these enzymes and standard inhibitors may represent nonproductive rather than productive, substrate-like interactions.