Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Falling avoidance of biped robot using state classification

This paper introduce a state classification method for detecting falling of biped robot. The method uses a support vector machine (SVM) to classify the state. The input vector for the SVM are a magnitude of acceleration, a position of center of pressure (CoP) in x and z axis, and tilt angles of torso relative to x and z axis. The input vector is based on sensor data that is measured from accelerometer and force sensing resistor (FSR) sensor. Training of the classifier is done in off-line and the trained classifier is used to classify the state of the biped robot in on-line. The method was verified in a 3D dynamics simulator and showed it could classify falling state within 0.01 second.
An integrated approach to detect phishing mail attacks: a case study

Phishing is a process of luring unsuspecting Internet users to a fake website by using authentic looking email and messages for fraudulent purposes. Most preferred way that the phishers employ to lure victims is through a mass email, constructed to look like an authentic message from a well-known company. Phishing website has its own technical and social problem with each other and being a very complicate and complex issue to understand and analyze, to till date there exist no known single silver bullet to solve it entirely. Here an approach to create a resilient and effective method is proposed that uses fuzzy logic to quantify and qualify all the website phishing characteristics and factors in order to detect phishing websites to assess whether phishing activity is taking place or not. The approach visualizes the webpage in three layers of which the first layer, Domain Name checker, is fully based on characteristics of hyperlinks, the second, Code Script Checker which checks out for the tricks of the attackers in a way how they use JavaScript to hide information from user, and potentially launch sophisticated attacks, and the last layer of our approach, Page Content Checker, checks for phishing site based on its sub criteria. Finally if any of them (with regards to the true one) is higher than its corresponding preset threshold then that webpage is reported as a phishing suspect.
Intracellular tortuosity underlies slow cAMP diffusion in adult ventricular myocytes

Aims 3′,5′-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signals in the heart are often confined to concentration microdomains shaped by cAMP diffusion and enzymatic degradation. While the importance of phosphodiesterases (degradative enzymes) in sculpting cAMP microdomains is well established in cardiomyocytes, less is known about cAMP diffusivity (DcAMP) and factors affecting it. Many earlier studies have reported fast diffusivity, which argues against sharply defined microdomains. Methods and results [cAMP] dynamics in the cytoplasm of adult rat ventricular myocytes were imaged using a fourth generation genetically encoded FRET-based sensor. The [cAMP]-response to the addition and removal of isoproterenol (β-adrenoceptor agonist) quantified the rates of cAMP synthesis and degradation. To obtain a read out of DcAMP, a stable [cAMP] gradient was generated using a microfluidic device which delivered agonist to one half of the myocyte only. After accounting for phosphodiesterase activity, DcAMP was calculated to be 32 µm2/s; an order of magnitude lower than in water. Diffusivity was independent of the amount of cAMP produced. Saturating cAMP-binding sites with the analogue 6-Bnz-cAMP did not accelerate DcAMP, arguing against a role of buffering in restricting cAMP mobility. cAMP diffused at a comparable rate to chemically unrelated but similar sized molecules, arguing for a common physical cause of restricted diffusivity. Lower mitochondrial density and order in neonatal cardiac myocytes allowed for faster diffusion, demonstrating the importance of mitochondria as physical barriers to cAMP mobility. Conclusion In adult cardiac myocytes, tortuosity due to physical barriers, notably mitochondria, restricts cAMP diffusion to levels that are more compatible with microdomain signalling.
Fixture for neck / breast Magnetic stimulation coil Mirror box

The activation of left and right cerebral cortex induced by motion of upper limb during Mirror Therapy: MT: was studied by measuring motorevoked potential (MEP) using trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Subjects were 10 neurologically healthy right handed males, age 21.9 ± 1.17 and their surface muscle potential was measured using surface muscle electrical potential meter at their right fi rst dorsal inerosseus (FDI) at resting, image training (IT), MEP during Mt were compared. Signifi cant interaction was observed between on left and right ΔMEP (difference of MEP value) during IT and MT (F[3,36]-3.047, P=0.0278). MEP in stimulation of left motor area was significantly higher than right motor area stimulation (P<0.01). Promotion of neural stimulation of left cerebral cortex motor area was suggested by this study. This study also suggests the possibility of difference of MT effect for left or right cerebral hemisphere depending on the side of disturbance.
An geometrically intuitive marginal discriminant analysis method with application to face recognition

This paper presents a new nonparametric linear feature extraction method coined geometrically intuitive marginal discriminant analysis (IMDA). Motivated by the law of cosines in trigonometry, we characterize the square local margin by a weighted difference of the square between-class distance and the square within-class distance. Based on this characterization, we design a class margin criterion which is used to determine an optimal transform matrix such that the class margin is maximized in the transformed space. The proposed method was applied to face recognition and evaluated on the Yale and the FERET databases. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Cc by Assembly Classifier Approach to Analyze Intrusion Detection Dataset in Networks by Using Data Mining Techniques

The Intrusion Detection system analyzes network traffic to detect the attacks. The attack detection methods used by these systems are of two types: anomaly detection and misuse detection methods. Intrusion detection is a type of security management system forcomputer networks. An Intrusion detection system analyzes information within a computer network to identify possible security breaches, which include both anomaly and misuse. In this paper I studied the performance of number of data mining algorithms and chose best three algorithms for building multi classifier from decision tree classifier, naïve Bayes classifier and Multilayer Perceptron classifier.I evaluated performance classifier by account accuracy and error rate.
An Accurate Sampling Scheme for Detecting SYN Flooding Attacks and Portscans

In this paper, we propose an accurate sampling scheme for defeating SYN flooding attacks as well as TCP portscan activity. The scheme examines TCP segments to find at least one of multiple ACK segments coming from the server. The method is simple and scalable, because it achieves good detection performance with false positive rate close to zero even for very low sampling rates. Our trace-based simulations show that the effectiveness of the proposed scheme only relies on the sampling rate regardless on the sampling method.
Patterns of Molecular Variation and Evolution in Drosophila americana and Its Relatives

We present the results of a survey of DNA sequence variability at X-linked and autosomal loci in Drosophila americana and of patterns of DNA sequence evolution among D. americana and four other related species in the virilis group of Drosophila. D. americana shows a typical level of silent polymorphism for a Drosophila species, but has an unusually low ratio of nonsynonymous to silent variation. Both D. virilis and D. americana also show a low ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions along their respective lineages since the split from their common ancestor. The proportion of amino acid substitutions between D. americana and its relatives that are caused by positive selection, as estimated by extensions of the McDonald–Kreitman test, appears to be unusually high. We cannot, however, exclude the possibility that this reflects a recent increase in the intensity of selection on nonsynonymous mutations in D. americana and D. virilis. We also find that base composition at neutral sites appears to be in overall equilibrium among these species, but there is evidence for departure from equilibrium for codon usage in some lineages.
Visualization Techniques for the Display of Graphs

In today’s fast changing environment technology is getting more powerful by the day. We are seeing storage devices that can handle the overload of data that we are presented with in industry. This data has meaning that can add priceless value to its owners. The problem we are faced with is that the data’s value is hidden to us, that is we are unable to make sense of the massive amounts of numerical and textual data as the trends are unapparent in this format. The solution to this problem is to visualize this information in the form of a graphic. Until recently the definition of visualization meant, “a mental vision, image, or picture of (something not visible or present to sight, or of abstraction)” as defined in The Oxford English Dictionary. It has now come to mean the graphical representation of data or the transformation of information into images to support decision making [Ware 2000]. Once visualized, hidden trends become more obvious and the data’s value can truly become a reality. However, the use of graphics to convey meaning from datasets is not a new concept. People have been creating graphics to convey their messages for thousands of years, from famous graphics such as those drawn of Napoleon’s March on Moscow to today’s graphs used in data warehousing to uncover trends [Tufte 1999b]. What we don’t know, however, is how to convey our messages correctly. The meaning we wish to communicate often gets lost in graphics that are cluttered and that make use of visuals which do not work well together. A formal way to think about the construction of graphics is suggested, taking into account what can and what shouldn’t be done when visualizing information. This includes how to convey the intended meaning correctly. This can be done by understanding what core concepts will affect the message of the graphic. Visual variables can be used to provide this meaning, and taking advantage of the visual variables characteristics can also prove to be extremely beneficial. One of the greatest benefits of information visualization is presenting large amounts of data that can easily be interpreted [Ware 2000]. When visualizing this amount of data detail can be lost as an overview or summary is often all that can be displayed in the space provided for the graphic. Incorporating an interactive element into your graphic can therefore play an important role as it allows viewers to see an overview of the graphic and then get further details on areas that are of interest to them at will. These concepts are focused around helping to create better, more functional graphs. They can however be applied to most graphics as the guidelines proposed pertain to more than just line graphs. It can be seen more as a universal way of thinking when it comes to the creation of better graphics.
The P-systems: a Systematic Classiication of Logics of Nonmonotonicity Extended Report

In the last years many logics of nonmonotonicity have been developed using various diierent formalisms and axiomatizations which makes them very diicult to compare. We develop a classiication scheme for these logics using only a few simple concepts and axioms based on conditional logics, properties of partial pre-orders of possible worlds and centering assumptions. Our framework (the P-Systems) allows us to discuss the similarities, main diierences and possible extensions of these logics in a simple and natural way.
Population and Domain Adaptation of the Critical Incident Attribution Measure (CIAM)

This measurement study reports on the adaptation of the Critical Incident Attribution Measure (CIAM) from the domains of psychology, sport and education into the Japanese second language acquisition (SLA) domain at the tertiary level. The procedure was based on the guidelines of the International Test Commission (ITC; Hambleton, Merenda, & Spielberger, 2005) and the recommendations of Wilkinson and the Task Force on Statistical Inference (1999). This involved doing forward (into Japanese) and back (into English) translation using two near-native speakers of English with some training in psychometric testing to check for any cultural themes that may not be relevant in the target population. The analytical procedure involved looking at the univariate and multivariate normality of score distribution, determining the reliability estimates, and performing a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using structural equation modeling (SEM). The participants for this study were 579 SLA students at four universities in western Japan whose major field of study included English, welfare, science, education, law, engineering, medicine, and business. The results were satisfactory indicating that the CIAM is arguably ready for further testing in the field.
IV. Has the psychology of women stopped playing handmaiden to social values?

Stephanie Shield’s (1975) essay on the psychology of women as it existed in academic writing and research of the late 19th and early 20th century exposed the androcentric biases that flowed from the embedding of early scientific psychology in the culture of that historical period. Following her convincing demonstrations that science played handmaiden to social values, Shields asked whether contemporary science on women has remained coerced by social values. Addressing questions of bias benefits from exploring the epistemological frameworks of researchers who investigate the psychology of women and gender. After comparing the early science that Shields analyzed to these differing schools of contemporary psychological scholarship on women, I answer her question about the continuing influence of researchers’ social values.
Joint Source/FEC Rate Optimization for Constant Quality FGS Video Streaming

In this paper, a robust FGS video transmission scheme is proposed for streaming video over bandwidth-constrained packet loss channel, which aims to reducing both the overall distortion and quality fluctuation at the same time. We first use channel budget and packet loss property to determine the bits of enhancement layers that should be allocated per frame. Then unequal loss protection (ULP) using forward error correction (FEC) is applied to different FGS enhancement layers based on their significance. Effects of quality fluctuations by packet loss are considered while optimizing FGS bits allocation and FGS unequal loss protection. Experimental results show that the proposed method can guarantee received video quality and efficiently reduce quality fluctuations.
Association Between Insomnia Symptoms and Mortality: A Prospective Study of US Men

Background— Insomnia complaints are common in older adults and may be associated with mortality risk. However, evidence regarding this association is mixed. Thus, we prospectively examined whether men with insomnia symptoms had an increased risk of mortality during 6 years of follow-up. Methods and Results— A prospective cohort study of 23 447 US men participating in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study and free of cancer, reported on insomnia symptoms in 2004, were followed through 2010. Deaths were identified from state vital statistic records, the National Death Index, family reports, and the postal system. We documented 2025 deaths during 6 years of follow-up (2004–2010). The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of total mortality were 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.50) for difficulty initiating sleep, 1.09 (95% CI, 0.97–1.24) for difficulty maintaining sleep, 1.04 (95% CI, 0.88–1.22) for early-morning awakenings, and 1.24 (95% CI, 1.05–1.46) for nonrestorative sleep, comparing men with those symptoms most of the time with men without those symptoms, after adjusting for age, lifestyle factors, and presence of common chronic conditions. Men with difficulty initiating sleep and nonrestorative sleep most of the time had a 55% (hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.19–2.04; P-trend=0.01) and 32% (hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.02–1.72; P-trend=0.002) increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality, respectively, relative to men without those symptoms. Conclusion— Some insomnia symptoms, especially difficulty initiating asleep and nonrestorative sleep, are associated with a modestly higher risk of mortality.
A multi-sensor based pre-impact fall detection system with a hierarchical classifier

Fall is a major threat to elders' health. The goal of our study is to establish a pre-impact fall detection system to reduce the harm of falls. For the problem that single-sensor based system can't achieve high accuracy, we propose a multi-sensor based system, which can fuse the data from waist and thigh. Collected data are transferred to a computer or a cellphone using wireless Bluetooth technique. A discrimination analysis based pre-impact fall detection model is developed. Human activities can be classified into three categories (non-fall, backward fall and forward fall) using a hierarchical classifier. In order to improve the classification accuracy, optimal discriminant features are selected for each layer of classifier. Then, experiments are conducted and the results show that our method can both achieve high sensitivity and specificity as well as long lead time.
A First Look at Problems in the Cloud

Cloud computing provides a revolutionary model for the deployment of enterprise applications and Web services alike. In this new model, cloud users save on the cost of purchasing and managing base infrastructure, while the cloud providers save on the cost of maintaining underutilized CPU, memory, and network resources. Inmigrating to this new model, users face a variety of issues. Commercial clouds provide several support models to aide users in resolving the reported issues This paper arises from our quest to understand how to design IaaS support models for more efficient user troubleshooting. Using a data driven approach, we start our exploration into this issue with an investigation into the problems encountered by users and the methods utilized by the cloud support's staff to resolve these problems. We examine message threads appearing in the forum of a large IaaS provider over a 3 year period. We argue that the lessons derived from this study point to a set of principles that future IaaS offerings can implement to provide users with a more efficient support model. This data driven approach enables us to propose a set of principles that are pertinent to the experiences of users and that we believe could vastly improve the SLA observed by the users.
Conical shape dielectric resonator antenna for ultra wide band applications

This paper represents the antenna with a Dielectric Resonator of conical shape fed by micro-strip line providing the results for Ultra Wide Band region satisfying the limits set by FCC for UWB region i.e. 3.1-10.6 GHz. Theoretical results are achieved for the design with range of frequencies 2.72-11.36 GHz and covering the further region of frequency band from 20 GHz to onward. Detailed study of the effect of various parameters variation of the conical DR along with the circular slot provided for aperture coupling in ground plane is notified and simulated.
Application of autoregressive spectral analysis to cepstral estimation of mean scatterer spacing

The problem of estimation of mean scatterer spacing in an object containing regularly spaced structures is addressed. An autoregressive (AR) spectral estimation method is compared with a conventional fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based approach for this task. Regularly spaced structures produce a periodicity in the power spectrum of ultrasonic backscatter. This periodicity is manifested as a peak in the cepstrum. A phantom was constructed for comparison of the two methods. It contained regularly spaced nylon filaments. It also contained randomly positioned glass spheres that produced incoherent backscatter. In an experiment in which this target was interrogated using broadband ultrasound, the AR spectral estimate offered considerable improvement over the FFT when the analysis gate length was on the order of the structural dimension. Advantages included improved resolution, reduction in bias and variance of scatterer spacing estimates, and greater resistance to ringing artifacts. Data were also acquired from human liver in vivo. AR spectral estimates on human data exhibited a decreased dependence on gate length. These results offer promise for enhanced spatial resolution and accuracy in ultrasonic tissue characterization and nondestructive evaluation of materials. <<ETX>>
Direct and random routing of a molecular motor protein at a DNA junction

With the aim of investigating how motor proteins negotiate DNA nanostructures, we produced test circuits based on recombination intermediates in which 1D translocation across a Holliday junction (HJ) could be assessed by subsequent triplex displacement signals on each DNA arm. Using the EcoR124I restriction-modification enzyme, a 3′–5′ double-strand DNA (dsDNA) translocase, we could show that the motor will tend to follow its translocated strand across a junction. Nonetheless, as the frequency of junction bypass events increases, the motor will occasionally jump tracks.
Automatic XACML Requests Generation for Policy Testing

Access control policies are usually specified by the XACML language. However, policy definition could be an error prone process, because of the many constraints and rules that have to be specified. In order to increase the confidence on defined XACML policies, an accurate testing activity could be a valid solution. The typical policy testing is performed by deriving specific test cases, i.e. XACML requests, that are executed by means of a PDP implementation, so to evidence possible security lacks or problems. Thus the fault detection effectiveness of derived test suite is a fundamental property. To evaluate the performance of the applied test strategy and consequently of the test suite, a commonly adopted methodology is using mutation testing. In this paper, we propose two different methodologies for deriving XACML requests, that are defined independently from the policy under test. The proposals exploit the values of the XACML policy for better customizing the generated requests and providing a more effective test suite. The proposed methodologies have been compared in terms of their fault detection effectiveness by the application of mutation testing on a set of real policies.
Throughput/delay performance of secondary user in spectrum underlay

In this paper, we propose a scheme to evaluate throughput delay performance of secondary users (SUs) in a cognitive radio (CR) CDMA network. Specifically, we develop a simulation test bed for analyzing performance of a SU in a single cell, where both SUs and primary users (PUs) are present. CR users or SUs belong to an infrastructure less ad hoc network, which coexists with a primary radio network (PRN), forming pair wise links. We assume spectrum underlay type of spectrum sharing, where SUs transmit in presence of PUs maintaining a predefined interference limit for PRN. A SU transmits packetized data for its corresponding receiver. A stop and wait ARQ protocol at MAC layer has been assumed for packet transmission. Further, we evaluate performance of a SU in terms of retransmission rate, packet error rate. Effects of various network and channel parameters such as cell radius, standard deviation of shadow fading on the above mentioned performance metrics are indicated.