Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Playing together growing together: Parents' perspectives on the benefits of family recreation in families that include children with a developmental disability

This exploratory investigation, grounded in the naturalistic paradigm, employed survey (n = 65) and interview (n = 16) methods to examine the benefits of family recreation in families that include children with a developmental disability. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted on the quantitative data, while a key theme and constant comparative method were used to analyze the qualitative data. Results of these analyses revealed that family recreation was perceived by parents as a positive means for promoting the overall quality of family life (i.e., unity, satisfaction, health) and for helping its members develop life-long skills (recreation, physical, social) and values. These benefits were considered to be of particular importance for the children with developmental disabilities and families viewed themselves as playing a critical role in ensuring their attainment. As such, family recreation was not only viewed as a beneficial catalyst for skill, interest and self development, but was potentially the most accepting and enduring social and recreation outlet for children with a developmental disability.
Follower susceptibility to destructive leaders: Development and validation of conformer and colluder scales

Although leadership scholars increasingly acknowledge the influence of followers in the leadership process, less attention has been paid to followers’ role in the destructive leadership process. Specifically, research has largely adopted a leader-centric approach to destructive leadership in organizations. Unfortunately, this overemphasis on the leader has restricted our understanding of this complex and multi-faceted social-organizational process. Padilla, Hogan, and Kaiser (2007), however, suggested destructive leadership is not simply a function of destructive leaders, but rather results from the confluence of destructive leaders interacting with susceptible followers and conducive environments. With respect to susceptible followers, Padilla et al. (2007) proposed two broad categories of such followers: conformers and colluders. The focus of the present research was to develop and validate scales to assess the susceptibilities of conformers and colluders to destructive leaders. Four separate studies were conducted to evaluate the content validity, factor structures, convergent and divergent validity, and criterion validity of the two scales. Future research directions and theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
BIOTECHNOLOGICALLY RELEVANT ENZYMES AND PROTEINS A cyanophycin synthetase from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 catalyzes primer-independent cyanophycin synthesis

Cyanophycin synthesis is catalyzed by cyanophycin synthetase (CphA). It was believed that CphA requires L-aspartic acid (Asp), L-arginine (Arg), ATP, Mg, and a primer (low-molecular mass cyanophycin) for cyanophycin synthesis and catalyzes the elongation of a low-molecular mass cyanophycin. Despite extensive studies of cyanophycin, the mechanism of primer supply is still unclear, and already-known CphAs were primer-dependent enzymes. In the present study, we found that recombinant CphA from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 (Tlr2170 protein) catalyzed in vitro cyanophycin synthesis in the absence of a primer. The Tlr2170 protein showed strict substrate specificity toward Asp and Arg. The optimum pH was 9.0, and Mg or Mn was essential for cyanophycin synthesis. KCl enhanced the cyanophycin synthesis activity of the Tlr2170 protein; in contrast, dithiothreitol did not. The Tlr2170 protein appeared to be a 400±9 kDa homo-tetramer. The Tlr2170 protein showed thermal stability and retained its 80% activity after a 60-min incubation at 50°C. In addition, we examined cyanophycin synthesis at 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular mass of cyanophycin increased with increased reaction temperature.
Edward Flatau (1868–1932), Samual Goldflam (1852–1932) and Józef Babinski (1857–1932): Polish pioneers in neurology

Flatau, Goldflam and Babinski originated from the Russian area of partitioned Poland in the 19th century and knew each other. Each contributed significantly to neurology at a time of adversity in Polish academic life because of the political situation. This paper in the main is centred on Flatau and Goldflam; Babinski, the most recognised of the three, is included for comparison. They all died in 1932, when Poland had been an independent sovereignty since the end of the First World War in 1918.
Iron status is associated with endurance performance and training in female rowers.

PURPOSE Studies in animals and humans show a link between iron depletion without anemia (IDNA) and physical performance. Consequences of IDNA relevant to athletes include reduced endurance and energetic efficiency. We conducted this cross-sectional study to investigate the relationships between iron status, performance, and training in nonanemic female rowers. METHODS Iron status (hemoglobin, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor) of 165 rowers was assessed at the beginning of a training season; 27% (n = 44) of rowers were identified as IDNA (serum ferritin < 20.0 μg·L) and 10% as anemic (n = 16, hemoglobin < 12.0 g·dL). Physical performance of 48 nonanemic rowers (n = 24 normal, n = 24 depleted) was assessed (V˙O(2peak), 4-km time, gross energetic efficiency), and training was recorded. Daily training load was calculated using the session RPE method (training duration × intensity rating). RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups of iron status in any of the potential confounders of the association between iron status and performance that were tested. Compared with rowers with normal iron status, rowers with depleted iron trained ∼10 min less per day (P = 0.02) and had a 0.3-L·min lower V˙O(2peak) (P = 0.03). Both serum ferritin and training group (high vs low based on a session RPE of 3200) were positively related to V˙O(2peak). Less highly trained rowers with poor iron status had a lower V˙O(2peak) (-0.32 L·min, P = 0.02) and were less energetically efficient (-1.7%, P = 0.09) compared with more highly trained rowers with poor iron status. CONCLUSIONS Impaired iron status is a prevalent problem among female endurance athletes. The relationship between rowers' iron status and endurance performance varied depending on training load. IDNA may prevent rowers from training as hard, directly affecting their performance.
Working together: Symbolic interactionism, activity theory, and information systems

Introduction There can be no doubt that in 1896 John Dewey was anticipating important aspects of what we now know as activity theory. (Tolman & Pikkola, 1989, p. 46) I find myself these days as a point in a dialogue between three voices: activity theory, American symbolic interactionism (pragmatism), and the development of large-scale information systems. I write this chapter in order to enliven that dialogue. It might simply be a Whiggish exercise or a history of ideas-in-common, such are the density of the threads that unite their founders and practitioners. But my concern here is not whether both Mead and Vygotsky both read Pavlov (of course they did), or whether their students read and taught each other (some did and do), nor simply about drawing structural analogies between lines of inquiry (although they are striking). I'm more concerned here to make a tool that will extend the usefulness of symbolic interactionism to the communities of practice (Wenger, 1990; Lave & Wenger, 1992) of activity theory and information-systems research. The three approaches afford each other–a word used mostly in this context by activity theorists, drawn from Gibson's ecological psychology (Gibson, 1979). Symbolic interactionism affords information-systems research a body of empirical studies of work and interaction, in the context of an elaborated philosophical framework that emphasizes collectivities and consequences. For activity theory, it is rich in understanding the subtle differences between types of work and practice, and how those are realized within and between communities.
Real-Time Image Semantic Retrieval Based on VQ

Image semantic retrieval usually involves two steps, namely image annotation and annotation-based retrieval. Although there is a rich literature on image auto-annotation, little focuses on bridging the gap between annotation and retrieval. In fact, the efficiency of an image semantic retrieval system depends not only on the precision of annotation but also the way to use the annotation result in the retrieval step. This paper proposes a novel scheme for image semantic retrieval based on Vector Quantization (VQ). The annotation and retrieval steps, mapped as the encoding and decoding processes of VQ respectively, are closely linked by the VQ codebook. Experiments on the general image database show that the retrieval efficiency has been improved dramatically to the real-time level.
Building and Evaluating a Distributional Memory for Croatian

We report on the first structured distributional semantic model for Croatian, DM.HR. It is constructed after the model of the English Distributional Memory (Baroni and Lenci, 2010), from a dependencyparsed Croatian web corpus, and covers about 2M lemmas. We give details on the linguistic processing and the design principles. An evaluation shows state-of-theart performance on a semantic similarity task with particularly good performance on nouns. The resource is freely available.
Heading Estimation with Real-time Compensation Based on Kalman Filter Algorithm for an Indoor Positioning System

The problem of heading drift error using only low cost Micro-Electro-Mechanical (MEMS) Inertial-Measurement-Unit (IMU) has not been well solved. In this paper, a heading estimation method with real-time compensation based on Kalman filter has been proposed, abbreviated as KHD. For the KHD method, a unified heading error model is established for various predictable errors in magnetic compass for pedestrian navigation, and an effective method for solving the model parameters is proposed in the indoor environment with regular structure. In addition, error model parameters are solved by Kalman filtering algorithm with building geometry information in order to achieve real-time heading compensation. The experimental results show that the KHD method can not only effectively correct the original heading information, but also effectively inhibit the accumulation effect of positioning errors. The performance observed in a field experiment performed on the fourth floor of the School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics (SESSI) building on the China University of Mining and Technology (CUMT) campus confirms that apply KHD method to PDR(Pedestrian Dead Reckoning) algorithm can reliably achieve meter-level positioning using a low cost MEMS IMU only.
On the impact of the initial peer list in P2P live streaming applications: the case of Sopcast

The acronym P2PTV, which stands for Peer-to-Peer Television, refers to P2P applications that enable multimedia contents broadcasting through the Internet. These applications have become very popular due to their capability of delivering material with or without copyright protection to a large audience. In P2PTV applications, the start-up phase - from the moment the client joins an existing channel to the moment she can start viewing the content - is crucial. A long time before showing the first images of a video, can make a user switch to another channel or to an alternative P2P application. Later on, the same user behavior is expected in case of frozen images. In this paper, we consider the case of Sopcast, which is currently one of the most popular P2PTV applications. Sopcast recently modified its start-up algorithms. We uncover the details of the new strategy adopted by Sopcast and evaluate its performance as a function of the swarm size and the geographic source of the content.
健常高齢者における神経心理学検査の測定値 ―年齢・教育年数の影響―

われわれは，健常高齢者における神経心理学検査の測定値を求めるために，65 ～ 85 歳の 92 名の対象に神経心理学検査を実施し，成績と年齢，教育年数との関連を調べた。 年齢および教育年数によって階層化した各群別成績を求め，群間比較を行うことにより測定値の有用性を示した。 かなひろいテスト (無意味綴り，物語) とTrail Making Test (part A，part B) の成績は年齢，教育年数の双方ともと有意に関連した。 300 語呼称検査の成績は年齢と有意に関連した。 Mini-Mental State Examination，N 式精神機能検査—物語再生項目 (直後再生，遅延再生) ，Rey-Osterrieth 複雑図形検査 (模写，直後再生) は，年齢と教育年数の双方に影響されなかった。 本研究で検討した神経心理学検査成績の解釈をするとき，年齢と教育年数の影響を考慮に入れる必要があることがわかった。
BiSeg: Simultaneous Instance Segmentation and Semantic Segmentation with Fully Convolutional Networks

We present a simple and effective framework for simultaneous semantic segmentation and instance segmentation with Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs). The method, called BiSeg, predicts instance segmentation as a posterior in Bayesian inference, where semantic segmentation is used as a prior. We extend the idea of position-sensitive score maps used in recent methods to a fusion of multiple score maps at different scales and partition modes, and adopt it as a robust likelihood for instance segmentation inference. As both Bayesian inference and map fusion are performed per pixel, BiSeg is a fully convolutional end-to-end solution that inherits all the advantages of FCNs. We demonstrate state-of-the-art instance segmentation accuracy on PASCAL VOC.
Analysis of animal contest data

Summary In this chapter we outline and discuss statistical approaches to the analysis of contest data, with an emphasis on testing key predictions and assumptions of the theoretical models described in Chapters 2 and 3. We use examples from an array of animal taxa, including cnidarians, arthropods and chordates, to illustrate these approaches and also the commonality of many key aspects of contest interactions despite the differing life histories and morphologies (including weaponry) of these organisms. We first deal with the analysis of contest outcomes, a useful approach for determining which traits contribute to an individual's resource holding potential (RHP). Here we outline alternative statistical approaches that treat the outcome as either an explanatory (independent) variable or as the response (dependent) variable. In both cases, we treat a single contest as one ‘experimental unit’ and consider ways in which multiple measures taken from the same experimental unit should be accounted for in the analysis. Thus, we introduce paired and repeated measures approaches for contest data and also the calculation of composite measures. We then discuss more complex mixed models, which are particularly useful for dealing with multi-party contests when multiple individuals from the same group occur in more than one observation. Having established what factors influence RHP, one might then ask questions about the roles of information-gathering and decision-making during contests. These questions are prompted by the theoretical models of dyadic contests discussed in Chapters 1 and 2, and we consider the advantages and limitations of using analysis of contest duration to distinguish between ‘mutual-’ and ‘self-assessment’ type contests. An additional tool that we can use to address this question is the analysis of escalation and de-escalation patterns, and we thus shift the focus to within-contest behavioural changes.
Facial Expression Recognition Based on Edge Detection

Relational Over the last two decades, the advances in computer vision and pattern recognition power have opened the door to new opportunity of automatic facial expression recognition system[1]. This paper use Canny edge detection method for facial expression recognition. Image color space transformation in the first place and then to identify and locate human face . Next pick up the edge of eyes and mouth's features extraction. Last we judge the facial expressions after compared with the expressions we known in the database. This proposed approach provides full automatic solution of human expressions as well as overcoming facial expressions variation and intensity problems.
Design and validation of a clinical scale for prehospital stroke recognition, severity grading and prediction of large vessel occlusion: the shortened NIH Stroke Scale for emergency medical services

Objective To develop an NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS)-compatible, all-in-one scale for rapid and comprehensive prehospital stroke assessment including stroke recognition, severity grading and progression monitoring as well as prediction of large vessel occlusion (LVO). Methods Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel and stroke physicians (n=326) rated each item of the NIHSS regarding suitability for prehospital use; best rated items were included. Stroke recognition was evaluated retrospectively in 689 consecutive patients with acute stroke or stroke mimics, prediction of LVO in 741 consecutive patients with ischaemic stroke with acute vessel imaging independent of admission NIHSS score. Results Nine of the NIHSS items were rated as ‘suitable for prehospital use. ’ After excluding two items in order to increase specificity, the final scale (termed shortened NIHSS for EMS, sNIHSS-EMS) consists of ‘level of consciousness’, ‘facial palsy’, ‘motor arm/leg’, ‘sensory’, ‘language’ and ‘dysarthria’. Sensitivity for stroke recognition of the sNIHSS-EMS is 91% (95% CI 86 to 94), specificity 52% (95% CI 47 to 56). Receiver operating curve analysis revealed an optimal cut-off point for LVO prediction of ≥6 (sensitivity 70% (95% CI 65 to 76), specificity 81% (95% CI 76 to 84), positive predictive value 70 (95% CI 65 to 75), area under the curve 0.81 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.84)). Test characteristics were non-inferior to non-comprehensive scales. Conclusions The sNIHSS-EMS may overcome the sequential use of multiple emergency stroke scales by permitting parallel stroke recognition, severity grading and LVO prediction. Full NIHSS-item compatibility allows for evaluation of stroke progression starting at the prehospital phase.
WEC: Improving Durability of SSD Cache Drives by Caching Write-Efficient Data

Serving as cache disks, flash-based solid-state drives (SSDs) can significantly boost the performance of read-intensive applications. However, frequent data updating, the necessary condition for classical replacement algorithms (e.g., LRU, MQ, LIRS, and ARC) to achieve a high hit rate, makes SSDs wear out quickly. To address this problem, we propose a new approach-write-efficient caching (WEC)-to greatly improve the write durability of SSD cache. WEC is conducive to reducing the total number of writes issued to SSDs while achieving high hit rates. WEC takes two steps to improve write durability and performance of SSD cache. First, WEC discovers write-efficient data, which tend to be active for a long time period and to be frequently accessed. Second, WEC keeps the write-efficient data in SSDs long enough to avoid excessive number of unnecessary updates. Our findings based on a wide range of popular real-world traces show that write-efficient data does exist in a wide range of popular read-intensive applications. Our experimental results indicate that compared with the classical algorithms, WEC judiciously improves the mean hits of each written block by approximately two orders of magnitude while exhibiting similar or even higher hit rates.
An Unconditionally Stable Splitting Scheme for a Class of Nonlinear Parabolic Equations

We propose and analyse a numerical scheme for a class of advection-dominated advection‐ diffusion‐reaction equations. The scheme is essentially based on operator splitting combined with a front tracking method for conservation laws, which tracks an evolving piecewise constant solution with discontinuity paths defined by a varying velocity field. The splitting separates out the advection, which is modelled by a nonlinear conservation law, and the diffusion/reaction. Since the front tracking scheme (unlike conventional methods) has no associated time step, our numerical scheme can be made unconditionally stable by choosing appropriate methods for the diffusion and reaction steps. Nevertheless, it is observed that when the time step is notably larger than the diffusion scale, the scheme can become too diffusive. This can be inferred by the fact that the entropy condition forces the hyperbolic solver to throw away information (entropy loss) regarding the structure of steep fronts. We will demonstrate that the disregarded information can be identified as a residual flux term. Moreover, if this residual flux is taken into account via, for example, a separate correction step, steep fronts can be given the correct amount of self-sharpening. Four numerical examples are presented. The first three examples discuss the quality of the approximate solutions in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The last example is drawn from glacier modelling.
A loss-of-function mutation in the nucleoporin AtNUP160 indicates that normal auxin signalling is required for a proper ethylene response in Arabidopsis

As part of a continuing effort to elucidate mechanisms that regulate the magnitude of ethylene signalling, an Arabidopsis mutant with an enhanced ethylene response was identified. Subsequent characterization of this loss-of-function mutant revealed severe hypocotyl shortening in the presence of saturating ethylene along with increased expression in leaves of a subset of ethylene-responsive genes. It was subsequently determined by map-based cloning that the mutant (sar1-7) represents a loss-of-function mutation in the previously described nucleoporin AtNUP160 (At1g33410, SAR1). In support of previously reported results, the sar1-7 mutant partially restored auxin responsiveness to roots of an rce1 loss-of-function mutant, indicating that AtNUP160/SAR1 is required for proper expression of factors responsible for the repression of auxin signalling. Analysis of arf7-1/sar1-7 and arf19-1/sar1-7 double mutants revealed that mutations affecting either ARF7 or ARF19 function almost fully blocked manifestation of the sar1-7-dependent ethylene hypersensitivity phenotype, suggesting that ARF7- and ARF19-mediated auxin signalling is responsible for regulating the magnitude of and/or competence for the ethylene response in Arabidopsis etiolated hypocotyls. Consistent with this, addition of auxin to ethylene-treated seedlings resulted in severe hypocotyl shortening, reminiscent of that seen for other eer (enhanced ethylene response) mutants, suggesting that auxin functions in part synergistically with ethylene to control hypocotyl elongation and other ethylene-dependent phenomena.
Growth Characteristics of an Estuarine Heterocystous Cyanobacterium

A new estuarine filamentous heterocystous cyanobacterium was isolated from intertidal sediment of the Lagoa dos Patos estuary (Brazil). The isolate may represent a new genus related to Cylindrospermopsis. While the latter is planktonic, contains gas vesicles, and is toxic, the newly isolated strain is benthic and does not contain gas vesicles. It is not known whether the new strain is toxic. It grows equally well in freshwater, brackish and full salinity growth media, in the absence of inorganic or organic combined nitrogen, with a growth rate 0.6 d-1. Nitrogenase, the enzyme complex responsible for fixing dinitrogen, was most active during the initial growth phase and its activity was not different between the different salinities tested (freshwater, brackish, and full salinity seawater). Salinity shock also did not affect nitrogenase activity. The frequency of heterocysts was high, coinciding with high nitrogenase activity during the initial growth phase, but decreased subsequently. However, the frequency of heterocysts decreased considerably more at higher salinity, while no change in nitrogenase activity occurred, indicating a higher efficiency of dinitrogen fixation. Akinete frequency was low in the initial growth phase and higher in the late growth phase. Akinete frequency was much lower at high salinity, which might indicate better growth conditions or that akinete differentiation was under the same control as heterocyst differentiation. These trends have hitherto not been reported for heterocystous cyanobacteria but they seem to be well fitted for an estuarine life style.