Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of feed-in generation in market prices and calibration of a capacity term to pay to traditional generation — Application to the Iberian market

In this paper we describe the models and the simulations that were conducted in order to access the impact of feed-in subsidized generation in the market price in Portugal in the context of the Iberian Electricity Market. In Portugal and Spain feed-in generation (namely wind power) has a large share both in terms of installed capacity and generated energy and the presence of this energy in the hourly balance originates the reduction of the market price and of the number of hours during which traditional generation (namely coal and CCGT stations) are scheduled. This paper aims at evaluating this impact both in the short term (using the real market curves) and in the long term (using a long term generation expansion planning model). The paper includes results for the Iberian power system currently having a total installed capacity above 120 GW and a total demand of 310 TWh by the end of 2013.
Multi-scale spatial structure analysis on the urban system: A case study in Shandong, China

Using the fractal theory, spatial structure analysis on the urban system in Shandong province has been made based on different spatial scale. The conclusion shows that: the spatial structure of urban system in Shandong province is local fractal. On the county-city scale, the aggregation dimension of Ji'nan system is 2.316, and Qingdao system's is 1.727, which shows that the aggregate level of Ji'nan city is worse than the level of Qingdao city. The message dimension of 107 counties or cities is 1.603, between 1 and 2, which shows the spatial distribution of counties or cities is balanced as a whole. On the prefecture-level city scale, the spatial correlation dimension of 17 cities is 1.463, and the ratio of spatial correlation dimension to the spatial correlation dimension based on the traffic net is 0.95, near to 1, which shows the traffic net across 17 cities are convenient and the interaction among cities is close.
Testing the accelerator hypothesis: the relationship between body mass and age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE Previous reports have predicted greater risk of type 1 diabetes among people who were heavier as young children. The Accelerator Hypothesis predicts earlier onset in heavier people, without necessarily a change in risk, and views type 1 and type 2 diabetes as the same disorder of insulin resistance, set against different genetic backgrounds. Insulin resistance is a function of fat mass, and increasing body weight in the industrialized world has been accompanied by earlier presentation (i.e., acceleration) of type 2 diabetes. We wanted to establish whether increasing body weight was also associated with the earlier presentation of type 1 diabetes, as the Accelerator Hypothesis would predict. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The relationships between fatness and age at diagnosis were examined in context of birth weight, weight change since birth, weight at diagnosis, BMI at diagnosis, and BMI 12 months later in 94 children aged 1-16 years (49 boys and 45 girls) presenting for management of acute-onset type 1 diabetes. RESULTS BMI standard deviation score (SDS) at diagnosis, weight SDS change since birth, and BMI SDS 12 months later were all inversely related to age at presentation (r = -0.39 to -0.40, P < 0.001). The boys were significantly fatter than the girls (BMI SDS 0.56 vs. -0.08, respectively; P = 0.006) and presented with diabetes at a significantly younger age (6.74 vs. 8.32 years, respectively; P < 0.05). The sex difference in age at diagnosis, however, disappeared when corrected for BMI (P = 0.31), suggesting that fatness or something related to it was the responsible factor. CONCLUSIONS The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the age at presentation of type 1 diabetes is associated with fatness. The implications for prevention of type 1 diabetes may be important.
SAFETY PROFILE OF ANTI-TNF THERAPY IN CROHN'S DISEASE MANAGEMENT: A BRAZILIAN SINGLE-CENTER DIRECT RETROSPECTIVE COMPARISON BETWEEN INFLIXIMAB AND ADALIMUMAB.

BACKGROUND Infliximab and adalimumab are considered effective drugs in the management of Crohn's disease. However, due to significant immunossupression, they can cause important adverse events, mostly infections. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to quantify and describe adverse events derived from adalimumab and infliximab use in Crohn's disease patients, and to compare the safety profile between these two agents. METHODS This was an observational, single-center, longitudinal, retrospective study with Crohn's disease patients under infliximab or adalimumab therapy. Variables analyzed: demographic characteristics (including the Montreal classification), type of agent used, concomitant immunomodulators, presence and types of adverse events observed. Patients were allocated in two groups (infliximab and adalimumab) and had their adverse events accessed and subsequently compared. RESULTS A total of 130 patients were included (68 in infliximab and 62 in adalimumab groups, respectively). The groups were fully homogeneous in all baseline characteristics, with a median follow-up of 47.21±36.52 months in the infliximab group and 47.79±35.09 in the adalimumab group (P=0.512). Adverse events were found in 43/68 (63.2%) and 40/62 (64.5%) in each group, respectively (P=0.879). There were no differences between the groups regarding infections (P=0.094) or treatment interruption (P=0.091). There were higher rates of infusion reactions in the infliximab group (P=0.016). Cephalea and injection site reactions were more prevalent in adalimumab patients. CONCLUSION Adverse events were found in approximately two thirds of Crohn's disease patients under anti-TNF therapy, and there were no significant differences between infliximab or adalimumab.
Prevalence of Psychiatric Symptoms and Correlation Between Psychiatric Domain of ASI and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale Among Patients with Substance Use Disorders in Northeastern Nigeria

The use of psychoactive substances is a common and ubiquitous behavior globally with considerable burden, mortality and morbidity. There is considerable degree of psycho-social, psychiatric and medical problems associated with the abuse of psychoactive substances. Few studies have examined the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms among patients with substance use disorders. Aims and Objectives: This study examined the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and the concurrence of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) psychiatric domain with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Methodology: a sample of 142 participants was selected purposively and administered the ASI and the BPRS after informed consent procedures. Results: The mean age of participants was 31 years (SD =8) and males were predominant (96.5%). The two most commonly used substances were Opioids (other than heroine) and Cannabis in 60.6% and 55.6% respectively. Twenty six (18.3%) patients reported depressive symptoms. Anxiety symptoms, Poor concentration, and suicidal thoughts were reported, respectively, by 30(21.1%), 17(12.0%), and 15(10.6%) patients. There was a strong positive correlation (r=0.862, p< .001) between the ASI psychiatric domain and the BPRS. Conclusion: participants had some symptoms of psychiatric disorders and there was a strong positive correlation between the ASI psychiatric domain and the BPRS.
Does AlloDerm Stretch?

There are numerous applications for AlloDerm (LifeCell Corp., Branchburg, N.J.) in surgical practice. It has been used extensively for abdominal wall reconstruction,1–7 for gynecologic and urologic reconstruction,8–10 and most recently for breast reconstruction.11,12 Its utility as a biological tissue substitute is now well appreciated and acknowledged. In addition to the clinical studies, there have been experimental studies validating its safety and efficacy.13,14 However, one of the ongoing debates is focused on the elastic properties of AlloDerm and whether or not it will stretch. This case report illustrates the elastic properties of AlloDerm when used to repair an abdominal bulge following breast reconstruction with a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap.
A comparison between RS+TCM and LDPC for G.fast channel coding

We compare schemes from two different standards for copper twisted pairs in light of the upcoming G.fast standard for Digital Subscriber Lines. Various configurations are compared based on error performance. This contribution confirms quantitatively that Low-Density Parity-Check codes perform better than the traditional interleaved Reed Solomon with Trellis Coded Modulation from an error performance perspective.
Prevalence of anaemia among the male population aged 60 years and above in rural area of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India

Background: Anaemia is one of the most common public health problems of older population especially in developing countries. Objective : To determine the prevalence and type of anaemia present among the older people in rural area of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken on 544 older male, Subject aged 60 to 84 years from Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal. Personal details were collected in each case, after which height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and blood haemoglobin level were measured according to the standard protocol. Anaemia was classified as per the World Health Organisation (WHO) grading criteria. Results: The overall prevalence of anaemia among the older male was 89.52%. The majority (256) (47.05%) showed mild anaemia, while moderate anaemia was recorded in 212 (38.97%) and 19 (3.49%) subjects, had severe anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia was more (65.62%) in individuals, having low BMI than normal. Conclusion: The results showed high frequency of anemia in the studied population. There is a need for immediate nutritional intervention programs to be implemented among the rural older male subjects. Health Renaissance, January-April 2013; Vol. 11 No.1; 23-26 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/hren.v11i1. 7597
Towards managing environment dependence during legacy systems renovation and maintenance

Old legacy applications are often too much dependent on enclosing environment so when they are faced with environment changes they require significant efforts for adaptive maintenance or, in some cases, even complete replatforming. We present a generative approach for managing environment dependent code based on XML and XSLT technologies. The main advantage of the approach is that it could be easily used both during software renovation for customizing environment code generation and during regular maintenance for carrying out adaptive maintenance tasks. It was tested on industrial samples for dealing with environment specific code during conversion from Cobol to Java and subsequent results maintenance.
Hormonal and clinical aspects of hermaphroditism and the testicular feminizing syndrome in man.

Intersexual conditions in man may be classified, on the grounds of the gonadal make up, into two groups: true and pseudohermaphrodites. The former have ovarian and testicular tissue, while in the latter only one type is found (female and male varieties). In one quarter or more of true hermaphrodites there is chromosome mosaicism and the presence of a Y chromosome in at least one of the cell lines, in most cases, explains the error of sex determination. However, in the many 46, XX and in the fewer 46, XY cases, the origin of the gonadal intersexuality is not clear, though both genetic and epigenetic influences may be at work. It would seem that, as a result of abnormal development, the right gonad would more easily be transformed into a testis and the left into an ovary. In many pseudohermaphrodites, the anomaly of sex differentiation results from an inherited abnormality of adrenal steroidogenesis acting on the sex structures during embryonic development and persisting during postnatal life. A relatively common form of male pseudohermaphroditism is the syndrome of testicular feminization. This is characterized by a perfectly feminine body habitus but absence of sex hair and of uterus, and by extreme hypoplasia, or absence, of Mullerian or Wolffian derivatives. The gonads, often intra-abdominal, are testes, usually sterile. The overall evidence is that these testes produce testosterone, probably at normal male levels, and possibly oestrogens in a similar fashion, though the intra-abdominal situation of the gonad and some variables of its structure, of the clinical condition and of the techniques used may underly the variability of the findings. Evidence supports the idea that the condition is caused by target-organ resistance, which seems to rest on the inability of the target organs to convert testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, which appears to be concerned with the androgen response of the target organs. This same lack of responsiveness during embryonic development would account for failure of male differentiation, and such a mechanism would support the idea that the normal foetal male hormone is testosterone. The conversion normally appears to be controlled by a specific 5 $\alpha$ -reductase and, in view of the fact that testicular feminization is an inherited condition seemingly caused by point mutation, it is possible that the enzyme itself may be abnormal or absent. The exact mode of inheritance of testicular feminization is unknown. Linkage studies so far have not resolved between sex-linked and autosomal sex-limited transmission, though the presence of a demonstrable biochemical defect may now help in resolving the point at issue.
The Interruptive Effect of Pain on Attention

Pain is known to disrupt attentional performance in both healthy adults and patients with chronic pain. Exactly which aspects of attentional function are affected are, however, still to be determined. The primary aim of this investigation was to systematically examine the effects of experimentally induced pain on a range of attentional performance tasks. Following a review of tests of attentional disruption, seven best candidate tasks were selected and examined across seven experiments. The tasks were: continuous performance, flanker, endogenous precueing, n-back, inhibition, attentional switching, and divided attention. Healthy adult participants performed each of these tasks under three different conditions: a painful heat sensation, a warm heat sensation, and a nonheat control. Pain differentially affected attentional performance across these tasks; pain-related attentional impairment was found on the n-back, attentional switching, and divided attention tasks, but not on the other tasks. This finding suggests that the aspects of attention most affected by pain are those essential for the completion of complex tasks that require the processing of multiple cues and control over attentional deployment. These results are discussed in the context of an emerging view of pain as a demand for executive control and the development of measures that could be used to examine attentional disruption in the context of pain.
Factors Associated with Death during Tuberculosis Treatment of Patients Co-Infected with HIV at the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon: An 8-Year Hospital-Based Retrospective Cohort Study (2006–2013)

Background Contributors to fatal outcomes in TB/HIV co-infected patients actively undergoing TB treatment are poorly characterized. The aim was to assess factors associated with death in TB/HIV co-infected patients during the initial 6 months of TB treatment. Methods We conducted a hospital-based retrospective cohort study from January 2006 to December 2013 at the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon. We reviewed medical records to identify hospitalized co-infected TB/HIV patients aged 15 years and older. Death was defined as any death occurring during TB treatment, as per the World Health Organization's recommendations. We conducted logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with a fatal outcome. Magnitudes of associations were expressed by adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval. Results The 337 patients enrolled had a mean age of 39.3 (standard deviation 10.3) years and 54.3% were female. TB treatment outcomes were distributed as follows: 205 (60.8%) treatment success, 99 (29.4%) deaths, 18 (5.3%) not evaluated, 14 (4.2%) lost to follow-up, and 1 (0.3%) failed. After exclusion of patients lost to follow-up and not evaluated, death in TB/HIV co-infected patients during TB treatment was associated with a TB diagnosis made before 2010 (aOR = 2.50 [1.31–4.78]; p = 0.006), the presence of other AIDS-defining diseases (aOR = 2.73 [1.27–5.86]; p = 0.010), non-AIDS comorbidities (aOR = 3.35 [1.37–8.21]; p = 0.008), not receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (aOR = 3.61 [1.71–7.63]; p = 0.001), not receiving antiretroviral therapy (aOR = 2.45 [1.18–5.08]; p = 0.016), and CD4 cells count <50 cells/mm3 (aOR = 16.43 [1.05–258.04]; p = 0.047). Conclusions The TB treatment success rate among TB/HIV co-infected patients in our setting is low. Mortality was high among TB/HIV co-infected patients during TB treatment and is strongly associated with clinical and biological factors, highlighting the urgent need for specific interventions focused on enhancing patient outcomes.
Language Learning without Control: The Role of the PFC

Learning takes place throughout lifetime but differs in infants and adults because of the development of the PFC, a brain region responsible for cognitive control. To test this hypothesis, adults were investigated in a language learning paradigm under inhibitory, cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over PFC. The experiment included a learning session interspersed with test phases and a test-only session. The stimulus material required the learning of grammatical dependencies between two elements in a novel language. In a parallel design, cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left PFC, right PFC, or sham stimulation was applied during the learning session but not during the test-only session. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during both sessions. Whereas no ERP learning effects were observed during the learning session, different ERP learning effects as a function of prior stimulation type were found during the test-only session, although behavioral learning success was equal across conditions. With sham stimulation, the ERP learning effect was reflected in a centro-parietal N400-like negativity indicating lexical processes. Inhibitory stimulation over the left PFC, but not over the right PFC, led to a late positivity similar to that previously observed in prelinguistic infants indicating associative learning. The present data demonstrate that adults can learn with and without cognitive control using different learning mechanisms. In the presence of cognitive control, adult language learning is lexically guided, whereas it appears to be associative in nature when PFC control is downregulated.
The Oxidative Stress and the Antioxidant Defense of the Lower Vegetables towards an Environmental Pollution

The use of bioindicators plants (lichens, bryophytes and Sphagnum.) in monitoring pollution by heavy metals has been the subject of several works. However, few studies have addressed the impact of specific type’s pollutants (fertilizers, pesticides.) on these organisms. We propose in this work to make the highlighting effect of NPKs (NPK: nitrogen-phosphate-potassium-sulfate (NP2O5K2O) (15,15,15), at concentrations of 10, 20, 30 , 40 and 50mM/L) on the activity of detoxification enzymes (GSH/GST, CAT, APX and MDA) of plant bioindicators (mosses and lichens) after treatment for 3 and 7 days. This study shows the important role of the defense system in the accumulation and tolerance to chemical pollutants through the activation of enzymatic (GST (glutathione-S-transferase, APX (ascorbat peroxidase), CAT (catalase)) and nonenzymatic biomarkers (GSH (glutathione), MDA (malondialdehyde)) against oxidative stress generated by the NPKs. Keywords—NPKs, Bioindicators, lower plants, GSH / GST, CAT, APX and MDA.
Studies on the Effect of Exercise on Cardiovascular Function: I. Cardiac Output and Mean Circulation Time

For technical reasons, the measurement of cardiac output during brisk walking is difficult. By using a slight modification of the Hamilton dye-dilution method, such measurements, and measurements of mean circulation time, were made at rest and at the end of a moderate work load in normal subjects. A motor-driven treadmill was used for the exercise. It was found that the cardiac output increases 1.7 to 1.9 times and the mean circulation time decreases about 34 per cent in normal young men and women after a 10 minute walk at 3 miles per hour and 5 per cent grade.
Stability index for chaotically driven concave maps

We study skew product systems driven by a hyperbolic base map S^:Θ→Θ (for example, a baker map or an Anosov surface diffeomorphism) and with simple concave fibre maps on R+ like x↦g^(θ)arctan(x) , where θ∈Θ is a parameter driven by the base map. The fibrewise attractor is the graph of an upper semicontinuous function θ↦φ^∞(θ)∈R+ . For many choices of g^ , φ^∞ has a residual set of zeros, but φ^∞>0 μ SRB ‐almost surely, where μ SRB is the Sinai–Ruelle–Bowen measure of S^-1 .
WAY‐318068: a novel, potent and selective noradrenaline re‐uptake inhibitor with activity in rodent models of pain and depression

Background and purpose: Antidepressants, which raise the CNS concentrations of 5‐HT and noradrenaline, are frequently used in the treatment of chronic pain; however, it is not known if increasing CNS noradrenaline levels alone is sufficient for efficacy, in part resulting from a lack of small molecules with sufficient selectivity.
Body Proportion of the Japanese Women

During the years 1951-54, the present writer carried out physical measurements of the Japanese women of the ages ranging from 18 to 26, consisting of 300 college girls, 50 members of the Nichigeki Dancing Team, and 70 farming women, in order to study the differences among them in the physical development and in body proportions. The results are summarized as follows:(1) The members of the Nichigeki Dancing Team (Group B) show on the average moderately higher values than girl students (Group A) in indices of the total head height, the bust height, and the hip height to the total stature. The farming women (Group C) also have higher values than Group A in indices of the bust to stature, binipple breadth to stature, and bust breadth to stature, but show lower values in indices of bust height to stature, the tibial height to stature and in the total height of the body, presenting a rather thick-set body form. (See Table 3, and Fig. 1)(2) The indices of body parts of the college students (Group A) obtained by the present writer show only slight variations if any from those reported in other similar studies in Japan since 1929. (3) When compared with the French women and the American women, the physique of the Japanese women is inferior in many respects. The average stature of the Japanese women is 153.3cm, whereas those of the French women and the American women are 160.0cm and 160.4cm respectively. In body weight, the average of the Japanese women is only 47.3kg, and that of the French women is 56.0kg while that of the American women is 60.2kg. In the indices of body parts to the stature, the length of the lower limb in the Japanese women is 50.8, whereas that of the French women is 54.2, and in the index of the tibial height to the stature the Japanese women have the value 24.9, while thevalues of the French women and the American women are 26 and 27.2 respectively (See Table 6, Figs. 2 & 3).