Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on the Efficiency of Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Multi-Auxiliary Transmitting Coils

Recently, Wireless power Transfer has become a hot issue, because saving wires leads to the improvement of security and convenience. For Wireless power Transfer, the magnetic resonance coupling is a key research technique. It can work over large air gaps with high efficiency. Based on magnetic resonance coupling, in this paper, we study the power transfer efficiency of the Wireless power Transfer system with multi-auxiliary transmitting coils. By comparing the efficiency of different number of auxiliary transmitting coils, we derive the principle of selecting the appropriate number of auxiliary transmitting coils in different applications and provide a useful reference for designing practical Wireless power Transfer system.
Hemodynamic and clinical correlates of endothelin-1 in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

BACKGROUND In non-thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, endothelin (ET)-1 levels are increased and correlate with the hemodynamic severity of the disease. Whether such correlations exist in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is unknown, nor whether ET-1 levels correlate with hemodynamic outcome after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). METHODS AND RESULTS ET-1 levels were determined by ELISA. ET-levels were increased in 35 CTEPH patients (1.62+/-0.21 pg/ml) compared with healthy controls (n=11: 0.75+/-0.06 pg/ml, p<0.02). ET-1 levels correlated (all p<0.0001) with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (r=0.70), cardiac index (r=-0.76), total pulmonary resistance (r=0.72), mixed venous oxygen saturation (r=-0.87), and the distance walked in the 6-min walk test (r=-0.59; p<0.005; n=23). Three months after PEA, ET-1 levels had decreased (p<0.002), and were similar between patients with and without residual pulmonary hypertension (p=0.4). Preoperative ET-1 levels, however, were higher in patients with bad postoperative outcome; that is, patients who either died because of persistent pulmonary hypertension or had residual pulmonary hypertension after PEA (2.68+/-0.48 pg/ml, and 1.13+/-0.15 pg/ml, respectively; p<0.002). The levels also correlated with hemodynamic outcome after PEA (mPAP: r=0.67, p<0.0001). By receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis, ET-1>1.77 pg/ml detected a bad postoperative outcome with a sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 85%, respectively, and a likelihood ratio of 5.2. CONCLUSION ET-1 levels in CTEPH closely correlated with the hemodynamic and clinical severity of disease in a large cohort of patients. Preoperative ET-1 levels may be useful for better identification of patients at risk for persistent pulmonary hypertension after PEA.
Steady State Price Distributions in a Noisy Search Equilibrium

Abstract In a model of noisy search where customers repeat purchase, this paper characterises an equilibrium where each store changes its price as its stock of regular customers changes through time. As stores in the market are of different size (and age), price dispersion is an equilibrium outcome. Along the equilibrium path, smaller (younger) stores announce lower prices and grow faster than larger (established) stores. Furthermore, the youngest stores set prices below marginal cost to build business up quickly. Each is willing to take an early operating loss to attract customers quickly, in anticipation of extracting customer switching rents in the future. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D40, L10.
Yield prediction of wheat in south-east region of Turkey by using artificial neural networks

In Turkey, similarly to other grain producing countries, the prediction of wheat yield is an important problem. The objective in this study is to build an artificial neural network model that could effectively predict wheat yield by using meteorological data such as temperature and rainfall records. Multi-Layer Perceptron neural network model was chosen and the performance of the built network was tested for different input and neurons number. For defining the model parameters back propagation training technique was used. During the training of the network, various learning rates were chosen and the optimal values for these parameters were defined. For the final assessment of the obtained results a multiple parameter linear regression model was developed and tested with the same data set used for the built artificial neural network.
A Plant Small Polypeptide Is a Novel Component of DNA-Binding Protein Phosphatase 1-Mediated Resistance to Plum pox virus in Arabidopsis1[C][W]

DNA-binding protein phosphatases (DBPs) have been identified as a novel class of plant-specific regulatory factors playing a role in plant-virus interactions. NtDBP1 from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) was shown to participate in transcriptional regulation of gene expression in response to virus infection in compatible interactions, and AtDBP1, its closest relative in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), has recently been found to mediate susceptibility to potyvirus, one of the most speciose taxa of plant viruses. Here, we report on the identification of a novel family of highly conserved small polypeptides that interact with DBP1 proteins both in tobacco and Arabidopsis, which we have designated DBP-interacting protein 2 (DIP2). The interaction of AtDIP2 with AtDBP1 was demonstrated in vivo by bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and AtDIP2 was shown to functionally interfere with AtDBP1 in yeast. Furthermore, reducing AtDIP2 gene expression leads to increased susceptibility to the potyvirus Plum pox virus and to a lesser extent also to Turnip mosaic virus, whereas overexpression results in enhanced resistance. Therefore, we describe a novel family of conserved small polypeptides in plants and identify AtDIP2 as a novel host factor contributing to resistance to potyvirus in Arabidopsis.
Cartel Overcharges: An Empirical Analysis

Using 406 overcharge estimates, the study analyzes the impact of cartel characteristics and the market environment on the magnitude of overcharges attained by cartels in different geographic markets and during six antitrust law regimes starting from the 18th century. The median overcharge achieved by cartels is 20 percent of selling price. As predicted by cartel theory, market structure is an important determinant of the overcharge level. Markets where cartels have high market shares tend to have higher overcharges. The number of cartel participants and the size inequality among them are inversely related to the overcharge level. International cartels impose higher overcharges than domestic cartels. Overcharges attained in the US and European markets tend to be lower than overcharges achieved in the Asian markets and the rest of the world. Results on the impact of changes in the antitrust law environment over time on the size of cartel overcharges are mixed. However, there is some evidence indicating that the lowest overcharges are associated with the latest antitrust law period.
Screening and Characterization of Potential Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria from Cultured Common Carp Intestine

Screening of potential probiotic LAB for aquaculture from adult common carp intestine was performed seasonally. Lactococcus lactis h2 and Lactococcus raffinolactis h47, which show cholic acid resistance and strong antibacterial activity against fish pathogens, were selected from predominant LAB in summer and winter respectively. Enterococcus pseudoavium h50, with the strongest antimicrobial activity among the strains isolated through 1 year, was also selected. Streptococcus iniae I1, with strong antimicrobial activity, was selected from predominant LAB in young common carp intestine. Direct screening of LAB with cholic acid resistance was also carried out seasonally. The antibacterial activity of the isolates was tested, and Lactobacillus fuchuensis K11 was selected from the summer isolates. In addition, five candidate strains were selected from the winter samples. The candidates’ levels of cholic acid resistance and antibacterial activity were better than or at the least matched those of their corresponding type strains. All the candidates grew over a wide range of temperatures.
A Performance Limit of TOA-Based Location-Aware Wireless Networks With Ranging Outliers

Malfunctioning anchors in location-aware wireless networks may produce ranging outliers and result in localization failure. In this letter, we propose a performance limit for TOA-based localization with malfunctioning anchors. An approximated Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) in closed form is derived. Building on this, the relationship among localization accuracy, anchor's malfunctioning probability, ranging error of well-functioning anchors, and the maximum communication range are analyzed. Finally, numerical results verify the proposed CRLB and corroborate our analysis.
Evolving Toward a Self-Managing Network

Why is network management so difficult? I think the complexity of the individual network elements is a big part of the problem, and a big barrier to fundamental change. Today's routers implement numerous routing protocols (e.g., BGP, OSPF, IS-IS, EIGRP, and RIP) and data-plane mechanisms (e.g., class-based queuing, RED, and access control lists), with inumerable configurable parameters that have a profound influence on the behavior of the network. Despite years of research work on protocols and mechanisms, we have relatively few meaningful guidelines for (i) selecting and composing these features to build a network and (ii) setting the tunable parameters to maximize the performance, reliability, and security of a running network. Rather than managing "the network," operators actually manage individual network elements in low-level, devicespecific configuration languages.
Some Empirical Evidence on the Determinants of Trade Credit at the Industry Level of Aggregation

The results obtained for accounts payable contrast with those for accounts receivable. With receivables, it appears that the level is determined more or less automatically by sales, linear trend, and season of the year. In the case of payables, it seems that trend and season are unimportant, and that the level of payables is determined instead by not only the level of purchases, but by capital requirements. Further, the current obligation on bank term-loans plays an important role in determining the response of payables to the need for working capital. However, it was shown that fairly simple models are sufficient to account for most of the variance in accounts payable. Although it was anticipated that monetary variables would be significant for accounts payable, this was not borne out. As for accounts receivable, most of the variance in accounts payable for the Lumber and Wood Products Industry can be associated with microeconomic (i.e., industry variables) and time variables alone. Several tentative conclusions concerning trade credit in the Lumber and Wood Products Industry may be listed: 1. Receivables can be accounted for almost entirely by sales, trend, or season. 2. Payables are not directly influenced by trend or season. 3. The direct influences of money supply and interest rates on accounts payable are not significant. 4. The effect of working capital on payables is adequately captured by treating current assets and current liabilities as separate independent variables. 5. The current obligation on long-term bank loans is more important in determining the level of payables than are short-term bank loans or the level of long-term debt.
Impact of gate voltage bias on reverse recovery losses of power MOSFETs

A behavioral power MOSFET model is shown that includes the dependence of body diode reverse recovery on the gate voltage. That dependence is strongly associated with the so called 'body effect', i.e. the enhanced sub-threshold channel conduction in the third quadrant. The model requires two parameters that can be derived from FE device simulations. These parameters agree with those found in a measurement. Step-down converter simulation examples demonstrate the impact of the gate bias of the synchronous rectifier on both reverse recovery and gate bouncing and hence on total switching losses.
Acute upper airway obstruction following Teflon injection of a vocal cord; the value of nebulized adrenaline and a helium/oxygen mixture in its management

Abstract A 67-year-old man presented with a 45-year history of a weak voice. This was the result of polio which had left him with a right vocal cord palsy. The patient underwent a Teflon injection of the right vocal cord under general anaesthesia to improve the quality of his voice. In the immediate post-operative period, he suffered acute upper airway obstruction. The problem of acute upper airway obstruction following Teflon injection is considered and its management with nebulized adrenaline and a helium/oxygen mixture is discussed.
Political news, emotions, and opinion formation: Toward a model of emotional framing effects

Explanations of the impact of news frames have primarily focused on cognitive processes such as acces-sibility and applicability effects. However, several recent studies have found that frames also influence information processing and opinion formation by eliciting emotions. The present paper outlines a fram-ing model that incorporates and integrates cognitive and emotional processes. In the model, news frames produce emotional effects on information processing and opinion formation through a three-step process: first, news frames make certain cognitive appraisals more accessible and/or applicable; second, news frames that trigger specific appraisal patterns make certain emotional responses more likely; and finally, frame-induced emotions prompt emotion-congruent information processing and opinion formation. The implications of the model and directions for future research are discussed.
Judicial Policymaking in Published and Unpublished Decisions: The Case of Environmental Civil Ligaton

While recent research has improved dramatically our understanding of appellate judicial behavior in constitutional and criminal law, we know comparatively little about the majority of the decisions made by the federal judiciary: civil case decisions in federal district courts. Moreover, by relying upon published cases exclusively, this research may misrepresent those forces influencing the majority of judicial decisions. We address these shortcomings by outlining an integrated model of judicial policymaking and using this model to explain civil penalty severity in all environmental protection cases (published and unpublished) concluded in federal district courts from 1974-91. Additive and interactive heteroskedastic unit effect regression models demonstrate that penalty severity in environmental cases is affected by case and defendant characteristics, judicial policy preferences, the surrounding political context, and federal institutional actors. These models also demonstrate that political considerations are especially influential in published case decisions.
International Classification of Local Government Accounting Systems

In recent years most of the OECD countries have introduced important reforms in their public accounting systems, with the objective both of improving public service management and increasing the transparency and accountability of governments. In that context, we think that it could be interesting to study whether the changes and reforms have led to the convergence of local government accounting systems. We aim to show the real degree of uniformity/heterogeneity that currently exists among the countries considered in our sample and why differences persist nowadays even in the European Union countries, trying to classify countries into groups according to accounting practice. The study is based on a survey that we sent to governmental accounting academics and professionals in different countries. To classify the accounting systems we have used the cluster analysis technique, traditionally used in this type of study for the business sector. We have been able to observe that three clearly differentiated groups exist: the first one uses a cash basis; the second model, where most of the countries are European with a continental tradition, has a Chart of Accounts and uses a modified accrual basis; in the third model, which could be called Anglo-Saxon, an accrual basis is used and one of the main objectives is to provide information about economy, efficiency and effectiveness in the provision of public services.
Comparison of altitude estimation using 2D and 3D radars over spherical earth

This paper presents a target altitude estimation approach based on multipath detections with range and range rate information from a 2D airborne radar. Using multipath detections has to deal with the following challenges: 1) Low probability of detection of the indirect path signal reflected by the sea surface; 2) Lack of an analytical expression for the relationship between the target state and the indirect path measurements over spherical Earth; 3) Unknown range measurement error standard deviation for the indirect path signal. Two estimators are developed: an adaptive multiple model iterated least squares (AMM-ILS) estimator for motion parameter estimation (noiseless target motion) and an AMM unscented Kalman filter (AMM-UKF) for dynamic state estimation (noisy target motion). The resulting altitude estimates from a 2D radar are compared to a 3D radar with range and elevation measurements. The simulation results show that the 2D radar provides better target altitude estimation accuracy than the 3D radar.
Understanding Business Models and Business Model Risks

Abstract This paper develops a business model framework by integrating common substances and features among the various business model definitions in the literature. The model consists of four basic and interrelated elements: the exchange model, the organizational model, the resource model, and the financial model. The objective is to make business model descriptions more coherent with major perspectives on strategic management as well as more conducive to entrepreneurial practice. The paper also introduces a general structure to describe business model risks, which incorporates risks to the value of market, firm's share of that value and the competitive sustainability at the model element, relationship and system levels. We hope that the business model framework and risk structure become useful tools for business model design and evaluation.
The Use of Non-invasive Ventilation during Exercise Training in COPD Patients

ABSTRACT Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is increasingly used in addition to exercise training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with the purpose to allow them to train at higher intensities. Different modalities of assisted ventilation have been used with benefits for relief of dyspnoea and increase in exercise capacity. Nevertheless there are some potential problems with the use of NIV in pulmonary rehabilitation programmes. Despite promising results, a generalised use of NIV during exercise training programmes is unlikely to have a role in routine settings. The use of NIV during exercise training as a component of pulmonary rehabilitation should be reserved to individual cases.
On the impact of sybil attacks in cooperative driving scenarios

Platooning employs a set of technologies to manage how a group of vehicles operates, including radar, GPS and Inter-Vehicular Communication (IVC). It uses broadcasted information such as acceleration, position and velocity to operate vehicle members of the platoon. Cooperation among vehicles allows platoons to reduce fuel consumption and risks associated with driver mistakes. In spite of these benefits, the use of IVC to control vehicles exposes a relevant attack surface that can be exploited by malicious actors. In this paper we study the impact of vulnerabilities associated with the Sybil attack (through falsification of multiple identities) and message falsification in vehicular platooning. Simulation results show that this attack may impact the longitudinal control and compromise the entire platoon control.
Export Restrictions and Price Insulation During Commodity Price Booms

For individual countries, variable trade barriers can be used to reduce the volatility of domestic relative to world prices. If this is done by countries accounting for a large share of the market, its effect is offset by increases in world price volatility. This study shows the nature of the resulting collective action problem, with the policy being ineffective on average in stabilizing domestic prices while increasing the volatility of the income transfers from terms-of-trade changes. A simple approach to assessing the contribution of insulation to the price increases is developed and used with new estimates of agricultural distortions to assess its contribution to the price spikes in 1972-74 and 2006-08 for rice and wheat. The analysis suggests that 45 percent of the increase in rice prices in 2006-08, and 30 percent of the increase in wheat prices, was due to insulating behavior. One sign of progress since 1972-74 was a substantial reduction in the extent of price-insulating behavior by the industrial countries. This provides little stabilizing benefit in the rice market because countries not classifying themselves at the World Trade Organization as developing account for only 3 percent of world rice consumption. But it does offer some benefit for the wheat market where non-developing countries account for 27 percent of consumption.
Subprime Refinancing: Equity Extraction and Mortgage Termination

This paper examines the choice of borrowers to extract wealth from housing in the high-cost (subprime) segment of the mortgage market while refinancing and assesses the prepayment and default performance of these cash-out refinance loans relative to the rate refinance loans. Consistent with survey evidence the propensity to extract equity while refinancing is sensitive to interest rates on other forms of consumer debt. After the loan is originated, our results indicate that cash-out refinances perform differently from non cash-out refinances. For example, cash-outs are less likely to default or prepay, and the termination of cash-outs is more sensitive to changing interest rates and house prices.
A Shift in Set

The purpose of this study was to determine whether agenda setting was present on Twitter during the 2012 London Olympics. In order to analyze the presence of agenda setting, tweets from the @London2012 account and tweets containing #London2012 were analyzed. The @London2012 account served as the news outlet, while tweets containing #London2012 served as the unit of analysis to determine whether agenda setting was present. A content analysis of these tweets revealed significant differences between the two groups in terms of tweet focus, sports mentioned, and countries mentioned, suggesting no agenda setting presence on Twitter. Additionally, the primary affiliation of individuals utilizing #London2012 was laypeople, which aligned with previous Twitter-specific research. The implications of these and other findings will be discussed further.