Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Virtual Machine Migration as a Fault Tolerance Technique for Embedded Real-Time Systems

Virtualization's architectural abstraction and encapsulation of guest systems in virtual machines facilitate migration, but existing real-time virtualization solutions are characterized by a static mapping of virtual machines to processors. This work studies migration of virtual machines with real-time constraints on homogeneous multiprocessor architectures as a service restoration in response to hardware faults. The migration policy respects real-time requirements and minimizes and predicts deadline misses based on a preceding comparison of downtime caused by the migration and slack-based computation of the virtual machine's maximum affordable downtime. The distributed design is characterized by a communication between the paravirtualized operating system and the hypervisor in order to provide the required scheduling information. The overhead regarding memory footprint, execution times, and paravirtualization effort is analyzed. The evaluation identifies ranges for virtual machine size and timing characteristics for which the approach is feasible. A reliability analysis based on a combinatorial model is used to quantify the impact of migration on reliability.
Mortality Risk Factors for Patients with Septic Shock after Implementation of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Bundles

Background Septic shock remains a leading cause of death, despite advances in critical care management. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) has reduced morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated risk factors for mortality in patients with septic shock who received treatment following the SSC bundles. Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients with septic shock who received treatments following SSC bundles in an urban emergency department between November 2007 and November 2011. Primary and secondary endpoints were all-cause 7- and 28-day mortality. Results Among 436 patients, 7- and 28-day mortality rates were 7.11% (31/436) and 14% (61/436), respectively. In multivariate analysis, high lactate level (odds ratio [OR], 1.286; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.016–1.627; P=0.036) and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR, 0.953; 95% CI, 0.913–0.996; P=0.032) were independent risk factors for 7-day mortality. Risk factors for 28-day mortality were high lactate level (OR, 1.346; 95% CI, 1.083–1.673; P=0.008) and high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (OR, 1.153; 95% CI, 1.029–1.293; P=0.014). Conclusion The risk of mortality of septic shock patients remains high in patients with high lactate levels and acute kidney injury.
The K — μ / inverse gamma fading model

Statistical distributions have been extensively used in modeling fading effects in conventional and modern wireless communications. In the present work, we propose a novel κ - μ composite shadowed fading model, which is based on the valid assumption that the mean signal power follows the inverse gamma distribution instead of the lognormal or commonly used gamma distributions. This distribution has a simple relationship with the gamma distribution, but most importantly, its semi heavy-tailed characteristics constitute it suitable for applications relating to modeling of shadowed fading. Furthermore, the derived probability density function of the κ - μ / inverse gamma composite distribution admits a rather simple algebraic representation that renders it convenient to handle both analytically and numerically. The validity and utility of this fading model are demonstrated by means of modeling the fading effects encountered in body centric communications channels, which have been known to be susceptible to the shadowing effect. To this end, extensive comparisons are provided between theoretical and respective real-time measurement results. It is shown that these comparisons exhibit accurate fitting of the new model for various measurement set ups that correspond to realistic communication scenarios.
A Study of Impulsive Buying Behavior towards Private Label Brands at Organized Retail Stores: A Multivariate Analysis

The impulsive buying occurs when an individual makes an unintended, unreflective, and immediate purchase. Impulsive purchase behavior is driven by hedonistic or pleasure seeking goals causing a consumer to experience desires for products. Scientific research presents no unified attitude to factors affecting impulsive purchase behavior Expanding the literatures of impulsive buying this study aims at incorporating the purchase decision involvement and attitude towards PLBs in organized retail stores. Additionally, this study comes across at the relation between involvement and impulsive buying behavior. Confirmatory factor analysis confirms various constructs comprising impulsive buying, attitude towards private label brands, and purchase decision involvement. Multiple regression analysis confirms the predictive validity of impulsive buying and two explanatory variables are found to explain a significant proportion of variation in the dependent variable.
Hepatic Basolateral Efflux Contributes Significantly to Rosuvastatin Disposition II: Characterization of Hepatic Elimination by Basolateral, Biliary, and Metabolic Clearance Pathways in Rat Isolated Perfused Liver

Basolateral efflux clearance (CLBL) contributes significantly to rosuvastatin (RSV) elimination in sandwich-cultured hepatocytes (SCH). The contribution of CLBL to RSV hepatic elimination was determined in single-pass isolated perfused livers (IPLs) from wild-type (WT) and multidrug resistance–associated protein 2 (Mrp2)-deficient (TR−) rats in the absence and presence of the P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) inhibitor, elacridar (GF120918); clearance values were compared with SCH. RSV biliary clearance (CLBile) was ablated almost completely by GF120918 in TR− IPLs, confirming that Mrp2 and Bcrp primarily are responsible for RSV CLBile. RSV appearance in outflow perfusate was attributed primarily to CLBL, which was impaired in TR− IPLs. CLBL was ∼6-fold greater than CLBile in the linear range in WT IPLs in the absence of GF120918. Recovery of unchanged RSV in liver tissue increased in TR− compared with WT (∼25 versus 6% of the administered dose) due to impaired CLBL and CLBile. RSV pentanoic acid, identified by high-resolution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy, comprised ∼40% of total liver content and ∼16% of the administered dose in TR− livers at the end of perfusion, compared with ∼30 and 3% in WT livers, consistent with impaired RSV excretion and “shunting” to the metabolic pathway. In vitro–ex vivo extrapolation between WT SCH and IPLs (without GF120918) revealed that uptake clearance and CLBL were 4.2- and 6.4-fold lower, respectively, in rat SCH compared with IPLs; CLBile translated almost directly (1.1-fold). The present IPL data confirmed the significant role of CLBL in RSV hepatic elimination, and demonstrated that both CLBL and CLBile influence RSV hepatic and systemic exposure.
Sound temporal envelope and time-patterns of activity in the human auditory pathway : an fMRI study

The temporal envelope of sound strongly influences the intelligibility of speech, pattern analysis, and the grouping of sequential stimuli. This thesis examined the coding of sound temporal envelope in the time-patterns of population neural activity of the human auditory pathway. Traditional microelectrode recordings capture the fine time-pattern of neural spiking in individual neurons, but do not necessarily provide a good assay of temporal coding in neural populations. In contrast, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the technique chosen for the present study, provides an indicator of population activity over a time-scale of seconds, with the added advantage that it can be used routinely in human listeners. In a first study, it was established that the time-pattern of cortical activity is heavily influenced by sound repetition rate, whereas the time-pattern of subcortical activity is not. In the inferior colliculus, activity to prolonged noise burst trains (30 s) increased with increasing rate (2/s – 35/s), but was always sustained throughout the train. In contrast, the most striking sound rate dependence of auditory cortex was seen in the time-pattern of activity. Low rates elicited sustained activity, whereas high rates elicited “phasic” activity, characterized by strong adaptation early in the train and a robust response to train offset. These results for auditory cortex suggested that certain sound temporal envelope characteristics are encoded over multiple seconds in the time-patterns of cortical population activity. A second study tested this idea more fully by using a wider variety of sounds (e.g., speech, music, clicks, tones) and by systematically varying different sound features. Important for this test was the development of a new set of basis functions for use in a general linear model that enabled the detection and quantification of the full range of cortical activity patterns. This study established that the time-pattern of cortical activity is strongly dependent on sound temporal envelope, but not sound level or bandwidth. Namely, as either rate or sound-time fraction increases, the time-pattern shifts from sustained to phasic. Thus, shifts in the time-pattern of cortical activity from sustained to phasic signal subsecond differences in sound temporal envelope. These shifts may be fundamental to the perception of successive acoustic transients as either distinct or grouped acoustic events. Thesis Supervisor: Jennifer R. Melcher, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School
Fuzzy logic controlled differential evolution to solve economic load dispatch problems

In recent years, soft computing methods have generated a large research interest. The synthesis of the fuzzy logic and the evolutionary algorithms is one of these methods. A particular evolutionary algorithm (EA) is differential evolution (DE). As for any EA, DE algorithm also requires parameters tuning to achieve desirable performance. In this paper tuning the perturbation factor vector of DE is done with a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) that adjusts this parameter dynamically. We apply the fuzzy logic controlled differential evolution(FLC-DE) to solve the economic load dispatch problem of two test systems consisting of 13 and 40 thermal generators whose non-smooth fuel cost function takes into account the valve-point loading effects. Simulation results indicate that the performance of the FLC-DE present the best results when compared with other optimization approaches in solving economic load dispatch problems.
Fine Structure and Biochemical Mechanisms Underlying Nigrostriatal Inclusions and Cell Death after Proteasome Inhibition

Mutation of genes encoding for various components of a metabolic pathway named the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UP) leads to inherited forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), whereas various components of the UP are constantly present within neuronal inclusions, Lewy bodies, that characterize most genetic and sporadic forms of PD. It has been hypothesized that impairment of this metabolic pathway might be a common mechanism for the onset of PD, and a recent study demonstrated a dysfunction of the UP system within the substantia nigra of patients affected by sporadic PD. In search for the mechanisms underlying the selective toxicity for nigral neurons after inhibition of the UP system, we explored the selective effects after striatal microinfusions of lactacystin or epoxomycin and potential retrograde changes within the ipsilateral substantia nigra. We found that neurotoxicity was selective for striatal dopamine (DA) components and led to retrograde apoptosis within nigral DA cells, which developed neuronal inclusions staining for antigens of the UP system. We found the same ultrastructural features characterizing inclusions obtained in vivo and in vitro after UP inhibition. In vivo, lactacystin-epoxomycin-induced toxicity was suppressed by inhibiting DA synthesis. Similarly, in vitro inclusions and apoptosis were prevented by reducing endogenous DA. On the other hand, toxicity of proteasome inhibition was enhanced by drugs augmenting DA availability: l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, monoamine oxidase blockers, and DA β-hydroxylase blockers. These findings demonstrate that impairment of the UP system produces cell death and neuronal inclusions selectively for DA-containing neurons that depend on the occurrence of endogenous DA.
RESEARCH REPORTS Predicting Workplace Aggression: A Meta-Analysis

The authors conducted a meta-analysis of 57 empirical studies (59 samples) concerning enactedworkplace aggression to answer 3 research questions. First, what are the individual and situationalpredictors of interpersonal and organizational aggression? Second, within interpersonal aggression, arethere different predictors of supervisor- and coworker-targeted aggression? Third, what are the relativecontributions of individual (i.e., trait anger, negative affectivity, and biological sex) and situational (i.e.,injustice, job dissatisfaction, interpersonal conflict, situational constraints, and poor leadership) factors inexplaining interpersonal and organizational aggression? Results show that both individual and situationalfactors predict aggression and that the pattern of predictors is target specific. Implications for futureresearch are discussed.Keywords: workplace aggression, meta-analysis, well-being, workplace deviance, counterproductivework behaviors
The Importance of Image for a Regular Event

This study aims to investigate the importance of event image in creating visitor revisit intention of a regular event. A covariance based SEM with a confirmatory factor analysis was employed to analyse the data. Two hundred and five respondents participated in this study were recruited by using convenience sampling method. The results show that event image plays an important role in creating visitor revisit intention of a regular event. In addition to its direct effect on revisit intention, event image was also found to have a full mediating effect on the relationship between event awareness and visitor revisit intention. Upon the completion of hypotheses testing, this study contributes to both theoretical and practical perspectives. For theoretical standpoint, this study provides an insight about the importance of event image in the area of destination branding. For practical perspective, this study provides an input for event organizers or city council in creating a positive image for a regular event in order to enhance visitor loyalty. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n6s4p28
Controlling the Voice of a Sentence in Japanese-to-English Neural Machine Translation

In machine translation, we must consider the difference in expression between languages. For example, the active/passive voice may change in Japanese-English translation. The same verb in Japanese may be translated into different voices at each translation because the voice of a generated sentence cannot be determined using only the information of the Japanese sentence. Machine translation systems should consider the information structure to improve the coherence of the output by using several topicalization techniques such as passivization. Therefore, this paper reports on our attempt to control the voice of the sentence generated by an encoder-decoder model. To control the voice of the generated sentence, we added the voice information of the target sentence to the source sentence during the training. We then generated sentences with a specified voice by appending the voice information to the source sentence. We observed experimentally whether the voice could be controlled. The results showed that, we could control the voice of the generated sentence with 85.0% accuracy on average. In the evaluation of Japanese-English translation, we obtained a 0.73-point improvement in BLEU score by using gold voice labels.
Assessment of antimicrobial resistance transfer between lactic acid bacteria and potential foodborne pathogens using in vitro methods and mating in a food matrix.

The transferability of antimicrobial resistance from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to potential pathogenic strains was studied using in vitro methods and mating in a food matrix. Five LAB donors containing either erythromycin or tetracycline resistance markers on transferable elements were conjugally mated with LAB (Enterococcus faecalis, Lactococcus lactis) and pathogenic strains (Listeria spp., Salmonella ssp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli). In vitro transfer experiments were carried out with the donors and recipients using both the filter and plate mating methods. The food matrix consisted of fermented whole milk (fermented with the LAB donors) with the pathogenic recipients added as contaminants during the production process. All transconjugants were confirmed by phenotypic and molecular methods. Erythromycin resistance transfer from LAB strains to Listeria spp. was observed using both in vitro mating methods at high transfer frequencies of up to 5.1 x 10(-4) transconjugants per recipient. Also, high frequency transfer (ranging from 2.7 x 10(-8) up to 1.1 x 10(-3) transconjugants per recipient) of both erythromycin and tetracycline-resistance was observed between LAB species using in vitro methods. No resistance transfer was observed to Salmonella spp. , Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli. The only conjugal transfer observed in the fermented milk matrix was for tetracycline resistance between two LAB strains (at a transfer frequency of 2.6 x 10(-7) transconjugants per recipients). This study demonstrates the transfer of antimicrobial resistance from LAB to Listeria spp. using in vitro methods and also the transfer of resistance between LAB species in a food matrix. It highlights the involvement of LAB as a potential source of resistance determinants that may be disseminated between LAB and pathogenic strains including Listeria spp. Furthermore, it indicates that food matrices such as fermented milks may provide a suitable environment to support gene exchange.
Service-line management/bottom-line management.

To survive in the sturm und drang of health care administration, hospitals and health care systems will have to restructure themselves in ways that emphasize their specific clinical strengths, control their costs, and manage the delivery and outcomes of care. Structuring the organization along clinical lines of service (e.g., oncology, cardiology, rehabilitation) cedes total bottom-line authority for all aspects of that service to the service, or product, line manager. This article discusses the qualifications, compensation, and responsibilities of service-line managers in well-integrated health care systems and describes how they and managed care organizations view each other. It also suggests which organizations will, and will not, benefit from restructuring along service lines.
A flexible module design with LED chips based on the PET-copper foils

The study focus on the process of metal electroplating on copper substrate to assemble LED chips and molding PET-copper foil to implement a flexible module with LED chips. The process can be divided into two parts,-assembling process and molding process. The LEDs are integrated on copper foil which can deal with the heat dissipation problem effectively. The metal electroplating on copper circuitry can achieve a soldered bonding to LED chips. The flexible layers of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-copper foil are formed by two approaches-hot lamination and transfer molding. The thickness of PET-copper foil is an important parameter to the thermal design. A finite model is developed to study the effects of heat dissipation at different thickness of PET-copper foils. The results show that the flexible have a good thermal property with the thickness of PET-copper foil from 450um to 650um. Finally, a flexible model is simulated at temperature distribution with 5×5 LEDs.
Session types revisited

Session types are a formalism to model structured communication-based programming. A session type describes communication by specifying the type and direction of data exchanged between two parties. When session types and session primitives are added to the syntax of standard π-calculus types and terms, they give rise to additional separate syntactic categories. As a consequence, when new type features are added, there is duplication of efforts in the theory: the proofs of properties must be checked both on ordinary types and on session types. We show that session types are encodable in ordinary π types, relying on linear and variant types. Besides being an expressivity result, the encoding (i) removes the above redundancies in the syntax, and (ii) the properties of session types are derived as straightforward corollaries, exploiting the corresponding properties of ordinary π types. The robustness of the encoding is tested on a few extensions of session types, including subtyping, polymorphism and higher-order communications.
2-D Differential Folded Vertical Hall Device Fabricated on a P-Type Substrate Using CMOS Technology

This paper investigates a two-dimensional (2-D) differential folded vertical Hall device (VHD) fabricated using standard 0.35 $\mu{\rm m}$ CMOS technology. To minimize the cross-coupling noise, the proposed VHD is laterally folded to shorten the effective conduction length, and a ${\rm p}^{+}$ guard ring shortens the effective conduction length to narrow the conducting channel. The proposed VHD is sensitive to in-plane magnetic induction based on the combinational magnetic effects between a bulk magnetotransistor (BMT), a vertical magnetoresistor (VMR), and a vertical magnetotransistor (VMT); and that the BMT is implemented with a p-substrate to enhance the magnetosensitivity. The measurement results show that the BMT is the dominant mechanism in view of a vertical magnetoresistor (VMR) and vertical magnetotransistor (VMT). Additionally, the VMT scales down the measurement range considerably whereas the VMR enhances the measurement range of the proposed VHD. The VMR is the key factor to increase the nonlinearity error. Integrating VMR with BMT or VMT enables high nonlinearity in a measured Hall voltage with respect to applied magnetic induction (B), but both the Hall voltage and the cross-coupling voltage are linear in B by integrating BMT with VMT. Additionally, the proposed VHD operates with small magnetic hysteresis, and its sensitivity is highest when bias current and bias voltage are low.
fMRI activation detection with EEG priors

The purpose of brain mapping techniques is to advance the understanding of the relationship between structure and function in the human brain in so-called activation studies. In this work, an advanced statistical model for combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings is developed to fuse complementary information about the location of neuronal activity. More precisely, a new Bayesian method is proposed for enhancing fMRI activation detection by the use of EEG-based spatial prior information in stimulus based experimental paradigms. I.e., we model and analyse stimulus influence by a spatial Bayesian variable selection scheme, and extend existing high-dimensional regression methods by incorporating prior information on binary selection indicators via a latent probit regression with either a spatially-varying or constant EEG effect. Spatially-varying effects are regularized by intrinsic Markov random field priors. Inference is based on a full Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach. Whether the proposed algorithm is able to increase the sensitivity of mere fMRI models is examined in both a real-world application and a simulation study. We observed, that carefully selected EEG--prior information additionally increases sensitivity in activation regions that have been distorted by a low signal-to-noise ratio.