Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hidden surface removal using polygon area sorting

A polygon hidden surface and hidden line removal algorithm is presented. The algorithm recursively subdivides the image into polygon shaped windows until the depth order within the window is found. Accuracy of the input data is preserved.The approach is based on a two-dimensional polygon clipper which is sufficiently general to clip a concave polygon with holes to the borders of a concave polygon with holes.A major advantage of the algorithm is that the polygon form of the output is the same as the polygon form of the input. This allows entering previously calculated images to the system for further processing. Shadow casting may then be performed by first producing a hidden surface removed view from the vantage point of the light source and then resubmitting these tagged polygons for hidden surface removal from the position of the observer. Planar surface detail also becomes easy to represent without increasing the complexity of the hidden surface problem. Translucency is also possible.Calculation times are primarily related to the visible complexity of the final image, but can range from a linear to an exponential relationship with the number of input polygons depending on the particular environment portrayed. To avoid excessive computation time, the implementation uses a screen area subdivision preprocessor to create several windows, each containing a specified number of polygons. The hidden surface algorithm is applied to each of these windows separately. This technique avoids the difficulties of subdividing by screen area down to the screen resolution level while maintaining the advantages of the polygon area sort method.
A Survey on Delay-Aware Network Structure for Wireless Sensor Networks with Consecutive Data Collection Processes

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. In sensing applications, data packets are flowing from sensor nodes to base station. In data collection processes, bottom up approach is used. In bottom up approach, all nodes send their sensed data packets to base station directly. In this approach will lead to increased delay, which will lead to higher energy consumption. To reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes, Clustering Algorithm and Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) are being used. Efficient gathering in Wireless Sensor information systems, Power Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System (PEGASIS) is being used. There are lot of research issues in Wireless Sensor Networks such as delay, lifetime of network, energy dissipation which needs to be resolved. Keywords— energy dissipation, Clustering, LEACH, PEGASIS, Data Collection Process, Cluster Head, Data aggregation.
How Does Ethical Leadership Influence Employees' Whistleblowing Intention? Evidence from China

We investigated the relationship between ethical leadership and employees’ whistleblowing intention, along with the mediating role of moral identity and the moderating role of power distance orientation. We conducted a 2-wave survey with 172 participant managers in China. Results indicated that ethical leadership was positively related to employees’ whistleblowing intention and this relationship was mediated by moral identity. Moreover, employee power distance orientation positively moderated the relationship between ethical leadership and moral identity, such that the relationship was stronger for high power distance orientation employees than for those with a low power distance orientation. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.
EVALUATION OF FORECASTS PRODUCED BY GENETICALLY EVOLVED MODELS

Genetic programming (or GP) is a random search technique that emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s. A formal description of the method was introduced in Koza (1992). GP applies to many optimization areas. One of them is modeling time series and using those models in forecasting. Unlike other modeling techniques, GP is a computer program that 'searches' for a specification that replicates the dynamic behavior of observed series. To use GP, one provides operators (such as +, -, *, ? , exp, log, sin, cos, . etc.) and identifies as many variables thought best to reproduce the dependent variable's dynamics. The program then randomly assembles equations with different specifications by combining some of the provided variables with operators and identifies that specification with the minimum sum of squared errors (or SSE). This process is an iterative evolution of successive generations consisting of thousands of the assembled equations where only the fittest within a generation survive to breed better equations also using random combinations until the best one is found. Clearly from this simple description, the method is based on heuristics and has no theoretical foundation. However, resulting final equations seem to produce reasonably accurate forecasts that compare favorably to forecasts humanly conceived specifications produce. With encouraging results difficult to overlook or ignore, it is important to investigate GP as a forecasting methodology. This paper attempts to evaluate forecasts genetically evolved models (or GEMs) produce for experimental data as well as real world time series.The organization of this paper inot four Sections. Section 1 contains an overview of GEMs. The reader will find lucid explanation of how models are evolved using genetic methodology as well as features found to characterize GEMs as a modeling technique. Section 2 contains descriptions of simulated and real world data and their respective fittest identified GEMs. The MSE and a new alpha-statistic are presented to compare models' performances. Simulated data were chosen to represent processes with different behavioral complexities including linear, linear-stochastic, nonlinear, nonlinear chaotic, and nonlinear-stochastic. Real world data consist of two time series popular in analytical statistics: Canadian lynx data and sunspot numbers. Predictions of historic values of each series (used in generating the fittest model) are also presented there. Forecasts and their evaluations are in Section 3. For each series, single- and multi-step forecasts are evaluated according to the mean squared error, normalized mean squared error, and alpha- statistic. A few concluding remarks are in the discussion in Section 4.
Proposing An Interactive Collaboration Media in P2P Settings

This paper proposes an interactive collaboration media in P2P settings, and discusses its behaviors using numerical simulations. Our aim is to construct this media system using locational data which avails for massive users to use in ad-hoc network environment. Users can read and write in this data sharing space to support collaborative interaction between users. We examine the system by simulation considering on the applications for school education, such as field studies or excursions. From the results, we show our system can realize load balancing of managed data to users. We believe that our system can enable scalable and dependable collaboration system holding massive users
A Strategy for Generating Time-Predictable Code

Prohibiting external control is one of the key principles engineers apply when building time-predictable computer systems (e.g., time-triggered computer systems do not react to any external interrupts from sensors or devices, but all actions of these computer systems are triggered solely by the progression of the local clock). In this paper we apply this principle of prohibiting external control to code generation: The single-path code generator is a compiler that produces real-time code that does not contain any input-dependent control ﬂow. All input-dependent control-ﬂow dependencies are eliminated by if-conversion or by the generation of loops whose iteration counts are ﬁxed. We explain the principle of operation of single-path code generation and illustrate how single-path code generation contributes to the time-predictable behavior of real-time computer systems.
Tackling the tensions in evaluating capacity strengthening for health research in low- and middle-income countries

Strengthening research capacity in low- and middle-income countries is one of the most effective ways of advancing their health and development but the complexity and heterogeneity of health research capacity strengthening (RCS) initiatives means it is difficult to evaluate their effectiveness. Our study aimed to enhance understanding about these difficulties and to make recommendations about how to make health RCS evaluations more effective. Through discussions and surveys of health RCS funders, including the ESSENCE on Health Research initiative, we identified themes that were important to health RCS funders and used these to guide a systematic analysis of their evaluation reports. Eighteen reports, produced between 2000 and 2013, representing 12 evaluations, were purposefully selected from 54 reports provided by the funders to provide maximum variety. Text from the reports was extracted independently by two authors against a pre-designed framework. Information about the health RCS approaches, tensions and suggested solutions was re-constructed into a narrative. Throughout the process contacts in the health RCS funder agencies were involved in helping us to validate and interpret our results. The focus of the health RCS evaluations ranged from individuals and institutions to national, regional and global levels. Our analysis identified tensions around how much stakeholders should participate in an evaluation, the appropriate balance between measuring and learning and between a focus on short-term processes vs longer-term impact and sustainability. Suggested solutions to these tensions included early and ongoing stakeholder engagement in planning and evaluating health RCS, modelling of impact pathways and rapid assimilation of lessons learned for continuous improvement of decision making and programming. The use of developmental approaches could improve health RCS evaluations by addressing common tensions and promoting sustainability. Sharing learning about how to do robust and useful health RCS evaluations should happen alongside, not after, health RCS efforts.
An inquiry into the generic social processes of science

This project has three specific objectives: (1) to establish a rationale for a symbolic interactionist approach to the study of science, as opposed to other approaches within social studies of science, (2) to demonstrate the viabil'Q of this approach through an initial and partial application in a fieldworir setting, and (3) to draw attention to some particular aspeds of the everyday pradical accomplishment of the scientific enterprise that have been unduly negleded. The first objective is accomplished initialiy through a systemafic critical examination of previous efforts to understand science from a philosophical. historical, and s o c i o l o g i c a l perspedive, and finally through a descri pti on of what a syrnbolic interactionist approach to the study of science would look Iike, The second objective is accomplished through the carrying out of empirical research (open-ended intenriews) among pradicing academic research scienüsts (biologists, chemists, geologists, and physicists), and organizing, analyzing, and presenting the data gathered in ternis of a 'generïc social process' scherne, that is consistent with symbolic interadionisrn, The third objedive is accomplished through the presentation of data on various aspeds of the scientific enterprise, with a particular emphasis on adivities related to pursuing funding and rnanaging equipment The data provide an interesting glimpse into the mundane aspects of the daily lives of scientists that has generally not k e n forthcoming in other -al studies of science, and the study ends with the staternent of six psitions that refled both the implications and benefits of adopting a syrnbolic interadionist appmacb to science. They are as follows: (1) there is no one science, (2) there is no one way to study science, (3) science is demarcated from non-science on the basis of a boundary negotiated among scientists, members of other pursuits, and the public, (4) the most promising unit of analysis for the study of science is the community, (5) syrnbolic interactionism allows for a science of science, and (6) science is what scientists do, 1 first want to thank my supervisor Lorne Dawson and the other members of my cornmittee, Jim Curtis and Rick Helmes-Hayes, for their support and encouragement over the past few years. Thanks also to Haniet Lyons and Stephan Fuchs for serving as examiners, A great deal of thanks is due to Bob PNS, who introduced me to symbolic interactionism and the generic social process scherne, and who was aiways an enthusiastic supporter of my projed. 1 also want to thank al1 of the scientisfs who gave freefy of their time to discuss various aspects of their Iives and work with me. Finally, I want to thank my wife Carde for agreeing to kt me go back to school in my forties to complete a task started many years agoMy oniy regret is that f was unable to finish the M o l e p ~ ~ c e s s in time for my father to see it done.
Deadlock-Free Fully Adaptive Routing in Tori Based on a New Virtual Network Partitioning Scheme

A new, deadlock-free, fully adaptive routing algorithm is proposed for worm hole-switched 3-dimensional tori with only two virtual channels. The deadlock avoidance technique is presented based on a new virtual network partitioning scheme. Unlike the previous virtual network partitioning schemes, the new method allows all virtual networks to share some common virtual channels. A new virtual channel assignment scheme is proposed for the 3-dimensional mesh subnetwork by using a channel overlap scheme. A combination of the virtual network partitioning scheme and the channel overlap scheme provides a deadlock-free fully adaptive routing for 3-dimensional tori. Sufficient theoretical analysis on the proposed virtual network partitioning scheme is presented. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by comparing with several important previous methods.
Automatically attaching web pages to an ontology

This paper describes a proposed system for automatically attaching material from the world wide web to concepts in an ontology. The motivation for this research stems from the Diogene project, which requires the project's own databases of learning objects to be augmented with additional resources from the web. Two main approaches to this problem are being taken: one using ontology mapping, and another based on the conventional text search facilities of the web, covered in this paper. By generating queries based on the concepts in the ontology, the aim is to retrieve material from the web, and then filter it to ensure its proper correspondence with a concept. The Diogene system will be briefly outlined, before the query-generation system is described. A small pilot experiment, designed to provide some initial results and insight into the problem, is then presented.
Effect of population structure and migration when investigating genetic continuity using ancient DNA

Recent advances in sequencing techniques provide means to access direct genetic snapshots from the past with ancient DNA data (aDNA) from diverse periods of human prehistory. Comparing samples taken in the same region but at different time periods may indicate if there is continuity in the peopling history of that area or if a large genetic input, such as an immigration wave, has occurred. Here we propose a new modeling approach for investigating population continuity using aDNA, including two fundamental elements in human evolution that were absent from previous methods: population structure and migration. The method also considers the extensive temporal and geographic heterogeneity commonly found in aDNA datasets. We compare our spatially-explicit approach to the previous non-spatial method and show that it is more conservative and thus suitable for testing population continuity, especially when small, isolated populations, such as prehistoric ones, are considered. Moreover, our approach also allows investigating partial population continuity and we apply it to a real dataset of ancient mitochondrial DNA. We estimate that 91% of the current genetic pool in central Europe entered the area with immigrant Neolithic farmers, but a genetic contribution of local hunter-gatherers as large as 83% cannot be entirely ruled out.
Dietary calcium, vitamin D, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older U.S. women.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether and to what extent intakes of calcium and vitamin D are related to the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged or older women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data from 10,066 women aged > or =45 years participating in the Women's Health Study who were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes and who never used postmenopausal hormones. We used multiple logistic regression models to estimate multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs comparing different dietary intake levels of calcium and vitamin D. RESULTS In age- and calorie-adjusted analyses, higher intakes of total, dietary, and supplemental calcium were significantly and inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. After further adjusting for smoking status, exercise, alcohol intake, multivitamin use, and parental history of myocardial infarction before age 60 years, the ORs of having the metabolic syndrome for increasing quintiles of total calcium intake were 1.00 (reference), 0.82 (95% CI 0.70-0.97), 0.84 (0.71-0.99), 0.70 (0.59-0.83), and 0.64 (0.54-0.77) (P for trend <0.0001). This association was not appreciably altered by additional adjustment for other dietary factors or total vitamin D intake. In contrast, neither total (P for trend = 0.13) nor supplemental (P for trend = 0.45) vitamin D was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. Dietary vitamin D was inversely associated with prevalence of metabolic syndrome but was not independent of total calcium intake. Similar strong relations between intakes of dairy products and metabolic syndrome were also observed. After adjustment for lifestyle and dietary factors, the multivariable ORs comparing highest with lowest intake categories were 0.66 (0.55-0.80) (P for trend <0.0001) for total dairy products and 0.85 (0.71-1.02) (P for trend = 0.05) for total milk intake. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that intakes of calcium and dairy products may be associated with lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older women.
A Self Organizing Map for Relation Extraction from Wikipedia using Structured Data Representations

In this work, we will report on the use of selforganizing maps (SOMs) in a clustering and relation extraction task. Specifically, we use the approach of self-organizing maps for structured data (SOMSDs) (i) for clustering music related articles from the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia and (ii) for extracting relations between the created clusters. We hereby rely on the bag-of-words similarity between individual articles on the one hand but additionally exploit the link structure between the articles on the other.
Attaching Lures to Multiple-Funnel Traps Targeting Saproxylic Beetles (Coleoptera) in Pine Stands: Inside or Outside Funnels?

ABSTRACT We conducted two field trapping experiments with multiple-funnel traps in 2008 and one experiment in 2010 to determine the effects of lure placement (inside or outside funnels) on catches of saproxylic species of beetles (Coleoptera). The experiments were conducted in southern pine (Pinus spp.) stands in central Georgia using combinations of ethanol, &agr;-pinene, ipsenol, and ipsdienol lures. We report on a modification to the multiple-funnel trap that allows placement of large lures inside the confines of the funnels with minimal blockage. In general, catches of five species of common longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), two species of regeneration weevils (Curculionidae), four species of bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), and seven species of beetle predators and ectoparasites (Cleridae, Histeridae, Tenebrionidae, Trogossitidae, and Zopheridae) were higher in funnel traps with lures attached inside the funnels than in those with lures attached outside of the funnels. Catches of the remaining species were unaffected by lure placement. In no instance were catches of any species lower in funnel traps with lures attached inside the funnels than in those with lures attached outside of the funnels. For most species, catches in modified funnel traps with ethanol, &agr;-pinene, ipsenol, and ipsdienol lures attached inside funnels were comparable with those in cross-vane panel traps.
The identifier-based relative position estimation for leader-follower robotic system

A monocular vision measurement approach is presented for leader-follower robotic system to estimate the position of the leader robot relative to the follower robot. The color identifier with green and red blocks is attached on the back of the leader robot, and it may be captured by the camera mounted on the follower robot. A coarse-to-fine searching method is given to extract the center point of the identifier. The parameters of the camera with the combination of the intrinsic and extrinsic ones are calibrated via least square method with given relative positions and the corresponding image coordinates of the identifier's center. The parameters are further optimized with Levenberg-Marquardt method. Then the position of the leader robot relative to the follower robot can be estimated only with single feature point. The experimental results verify the validity of the given approach.
Password Managers: Attacks and Defenses

We study the security of popular password managers and their policies on automatically filling in Web passwords. We examine browser built-in password managers, mobile password managers, and 3rd party managers. We observe significant differences in autofill policies among password managers. Several autofill policies can lead to disastrous consequences where a remote network attacker can extract multiple passwords from the user's password manager without any interaction with the user. We experiment with these attacks and with techniques to enhance the security of password managers. We show that our enhancements can be adopted by existing managers.