Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GROUP BEHAVIOR IN TELEVISION SITCOMS

Children’s abilities to work cooperatively in groups are an important but overlooked area of communication research despite evidence that individuals are expected to work cooperatively with others as children, and later as adults. For example, cooperative learning as a pedagogical strategy has received increasing emphasis in recent years requiring that children should be able to communicate and work together in educational settings. Second, a productive society depends on the ability to work with and through groups. But there is evidence that we are failing to provide a safe social network in which children can learn cooperative behaviors (Goleman, 1995). Third, US employers consistently report valuing employees who can work well in groups (National Association of Colleges and Employers, 2003). Without mastering these skills, adolescents are more likely to be disconnected from their social networks, have more difficulty in school, and find the transition to adulthood responsibilities more difficult (Parker, Rubin, Price, & DeRosier, 1995). Social cooperation skills (face-to-face reciprocal interaction resulting in positive outcomes for a group) are more often informally modeled rather than formally taught. A common assumption is that children learn cooperative skills at school, yet these skills are rarely emphasized in standard educational curricula, and teachers often report problems implementing cooperative learning techniques (Terwel, Gillies, van den Eeden, & Hoek, 2001). Extracurricular activities are also a potential source of cooperative models. However, these groups are often adult-led, with the adult leader making decisions for the group and resolving conflict among group members. Families are another source of cooperative models, but families are also adult-led, limiting children’s experience in initiating cooperative behavior to reach family goals. Children’s use of television also serves as a source of informal modeling for social cooperation skills. Because the medium is primarily a source of entertainment, children are not likely to realize that they are learning from its programs, too. Nearly all types of television programming revolve around a group of characters displaying and interacting in relationships to accomplish some type of goal or support the tasks of one character (e.g. Charlie and Alan of Two and a Half Men work toward the goal of creating a family unit for Jake). Thus, television programming dramatizes both relational and task talk in groups. This study examines media depictions of social cooperation, a set of skills that has received heightened attention as both a means of formal learning (called ‘‘cooperative learning;’’ see Slavin, 1996) and a set of skills important to children’s ability to establish healthy peer relationships (see Parker et al., 1995; Parker & Seal, 1996). Using social cognitive theory (Bandura, 2002) as the foundation, an analysis of situation comedy characters is conducted to explore one potential model of cooperative behavior.
Microbiological evaluation of precooked goat "buchada"

Objetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar as caracteristicas microbiologicas da "buchada" caprina pre-cozida, produto tipico da culinaria nordestina no Brasil, normalmente composta por visceras, como coracao, pulmoes, figado, baco, intestinos, estomago e sangue. As amostras de "buchada" produzidas em diferentes mesorregioes do estado da Paraiba apresentaram elevado numero de bacterias mesofilas aerobias, com valores variando de 5,5 a 6,9 log10 UFC/g. Todas as amostras apresentaram coliformes totais, das quais 96,6% continham coliformes fecais, entre 2,3 e 5,0 log10 NMP/g. A ocorrencia de Staphylococcus aureus foi observada apenas em uma amostra proveniente do municipio de Campina Grande, na proporcao de 4,0 log10 UFC/g. Salmonella foi ausente para todas as amostras avaliadas. A atividade de agua obtida foi em torno de 0,98, com valores de pH proximos da neutralidade, exceto nas amostras adquiridas em Campina Grande que apresentaram pH em torno de 5,1, diferente (p<0,05) dos demais produtos. Conclui-se com os resultados, condicoes higienico-sanitarias inadequadas nas etapas de abate e confeccao da "buchada", fazendo-se necessario adotar medidas preventivas, com o intuito de minimizar a contaminacao nos pontos criticos do processo e garantir produtos com maior tempo de vida util e um padrao de qualidade desejavel.
2 BACKGROUND AND THREAT MODEL 2 . 1 Threat Model

Cybercriminals have found in online social networks a propitious medium to spread spam and malicious content. Existing techniques for detecting spam include predicting the trustworthiness of accounts and analyzing the content of these messages. However, advanced attackers can still successfully evade these defenses. Online social networks bring people who have personal connections or share common interests to form communities. In this paper, we first show that users within a networked community share some topics of interest. Moreover, content shared on these social network tend to propagate according to the interests of people. Dissemination paths may emerge where some communities post similar messages, based on the interests of those communities. Spam and other malicious content, on the other hand, follow different spreading patterns. In this paper, we follow this insight and present POISED, a system that leverages the differences in propagation between benign and malicious messages on social networks to identify spam and other unwanted content. We test our system on a dataset of 1.3M tweets collected from 64K users, and we show that our approach is effective in detecting malicious messages, reaching 91% precision and 93% recall. We also show that POISED’s detection is more comprehensive than previous systems, by comparing it to three state-of-the-art spam detection systems that have been proposed by the research community in the past. POISED significantly outperforms each of these systems. Moreover, through simulations, we show how POISED is effective in the early detection of spam messages and how it is resilient against two well-known adversarial machine learning attacks. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org. CCS ’17, October 30-November 3, 2017, Dallas, TX, USA © 2017 Association for Computing Machinery. ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-4946-8/17/10. $15.00 https://doi.org/10.1145/3133956.3134055 CCS CONCEPTS • Security and privacy → Social network security and privacy; Intrusion/anomaly detection and malware mitigation;
Elementary science lesson delivered by robot

This paper juxtaposes science lessons on the topic “Levers” given to two sixth grade classes, one in a Tokyo elementary school assisted by an android robot SAYA, and the other at the science museum MadaTech in Haifa aided by a humanoid RoboThespian. The one hour lessons had the same outline including theoretical explanation, in-group experiments with lever balances, and assessment activities. The classes were instructed and managed by the robot-teachers through preprogrammed behaviors and remote operation. We juxtapose the features of the educational interaction in the lessons elicited by using the same questionnaire, assessment test and video analysis.
Can Multiple Biases Occur in a Single Situation? Evidence From Media Bias Research

This study explored multiple biases—the possibility that different biases would concurrently occur in a given situation, and each would exert its influence independently on people’s judgments. The study focused on media bias through nonverbal (NV) behavior, where viewers judged an interviewed politician after they viewed the interview with a nonverbally friendly or hostile interviewer. In a meta-analysis of several replications, 2 independent biases were found: media bias (viewers rated the interviewee more favorably when the interviewer’s NV behavior was friendlier); and halo effect (viewers rated the interviewee according to the degree that they personally liked him). Regression analyses indicated that these 2 biases operated independently and additively on viewers’ judgments. Implications for the study of multiple biases are discussed. jasp_909
An all‐atom structure‐based potential for proteins: Bridging minimal models with all‐atom empirical forcefields

Protein dynamics take place on many time and length scales. Coarse‐grained structure‐based $ {\bf (G{\overline o})} $ models utilize the funneled energy landscape theory of protein folding to provide an understanding of both long time and long length scale dynamics. All‐atom empirical forcefields with explicit solvent can elucidate our understanding of short time dynamics with high energetic and structural resolution. Thus, structure‐based models with atomic details included can be used to bridge our understanding between these two approaches. We report on the robustness of folding mechanisms in one such all‐atom model. Results for the B domain of Protein A, the SH3 domain of C‐Src Kinase, and Chymotrypsin Inhibitor 2 are reported. The interplay between side chain packing and backbone folding is explored. We also compare this model to a Cα structure‐based model and an all‐atom empirical forcefield. Key findings include: (1) backbone collapse is accompanied by partial side chain packing in a cooperative transition and residual side chain packing occurs gradually with decreasing temperature, (2) folding mechanisms are robust to variations of the energetic parameters, (3) protein folding free‐energy barriers can be manipulated through parametric modifications, (4) the global folding mechanisms in a Cα model and the all‐atom model agree, although differences can be attributed to energetic heterogeneity in the all‐atom model, and (5) proline residues have significant effects on folding mechanisms, independent of isomerization effects. Because this structure‐based model has atomic resolution, this work lays the foundation for future studies to probe the contributions of specific energetic factors on protein folding and function. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preventing the onset of depressive disorders: a meta-analytic review of psychological interventions.

OBJECTIVE A growing number of studies have tested the efficacy of preventive interventions in reducing the incidence of depressive disorders. Until now, no meta-analysis has integrated the results of these studies. METHOD The authors conducted a meta-analysis. After a comprehensive literature search, 19 studies were identified that met inclusion criteria. The studies had to be randomized controlled studies in which the incidence of depressive disorders (based on diagnostic criteria) in an experimental group could be compared with that of a control group. RESULTS The mean incidence rate ratio was 0.78, indicating a reduction of the incidence of depressive disorders by 22% in experimental compared with control groups. Heterogeneity was low to moderate (I(2)=33%). The number needed to treat to prevent one case of depressive disorder was 22. Moderator analyses revealed no systematic differences between target populations or types of prevention (universal, selective, or indicated). The data included indications that prevention based on interpersonal psychotherapy may be more effective than prevention based on cognitive-behavioral therapy. CONCLUSIONS Prevention of new cases of depressive disorders does seem to be possible. Prevention may become an important way, in addition to treatment, to reduce the enormous public health burden of depression in the coming years.
Pharmacoproteomics-Based Reconstruction of In Vivo P-Glycoprotein Function at Blood-Brain Barrier and Brain Distribution of Substrate Verapamil in Pentylenetetrazole-Kindled Epilepsy, Spontaneous Epilepsy, and Phenytoin Treatment Models

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate experimentally that alterations of in vivo transporter function at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in disease and during pharmacotherapy can be reconstructed from in vitro data based on our established pharmacoproteomic concept of reconstructing in vivo function by integrating intrinsic transport activity per transporter molecule and absolute protein expression level at the BBB. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindled and spontaneous model of epilepsy (EL) mice were used as models of chemically induced and spontaneous epilepsy, respectively. A mouse model of antiepileptic drug treatment was prepared by consecutive 5-week administration of phenytoin (PHT). Quantitative targeted absolute proteomic analysis of 31 membrane proteins showed that P-glycoprotein (P-gp/mdr1a) protein expression levels were significantly increased in brain capillaries of PTZ (129%), EL (143%), and PHT mice (192%) compared with controls. The brain-to-plasma concentration ratios (Kp brain) of P-gp/mdr1a substrate verapamil were 0.563, 0.394, 0.432, and 0.234 in control, PTZ, EL, and PHT mice, respectively. In vivo P-gp/mdr1a function at the BBB was reconstructed from the measured P-gp/mdr1a protein expression levels and intrinsic transport activity for verapamil per P-gp/mdr1a previously reported by our group. Then, the reconstructed P-gp/mdr1a functional activities were integrated with unbound fractions of verapamil in plasma and brain to reconstruct Kp brain of verapamil. In all mice, reconstructed Kp brain values agreed well with the observed values within a 1.21-fold range. These results demonstrate that altered P-gp functions at the BBB in epilepsy and during pharmacotherapy can be reconstructed from in vitro data by means of our pharmacoproteomic approach.
Polyphenols in Cocoa and Cocoa Products: Is There a Link between Antioxidant Properties and Health?

Cocoa and cocoa products have received much attention due to their significant polyphenol contents. Cocoa and cocoa products, namely cocoa liquor, cocoa powder and chocolates (milk and dark chocolates) may present varied polyphenol contents and possess different levels of antioxidant potentials. For the past ten years, at least 28 human studies have been conducted utilizing one of these cocoa products. However, questions arise on which of these products would deliver the best polyphenol contents and antioxidant effects. Moreover, the presence of methylxanthines, peptides, and minerals could synergistically enhance or reduce antioxidant properties of cocoa and cocoa products. To a greater extent, cocoa beans from different countries of origins and the methods of preparation (primary and secondary) could also partially influence the antioxidant polyphenols of cocoa products. Hence, comprehensive studies on the aforementioned factors could provide the understanding of health-promoting activities of cocoa or cocoa products components.
Effective Connectivity Reveals Strategy Differences in an Expert Calculator

Mathematical reasoning is a core component of cognition and the study of experts defines the upper limits of human cognitive abilities, which is why we are fascinated by peak performers, such as chess masters and mental calculators. Here, we investigated the neural bases of calendrical skills, i.e. the ability to rapidly identify the weekday of a particular date, in a gifted mental calculator who does not fall in the autistic spectrum, using functional MRI. Graph-based mapping of effective connectivity, but not univariate analysis, revealed distinct anatomical location of “cortical hubs” supporting the processing of well-practiced close dates and less-practiced remote dates: the former engaged predominantly occipital and medial temporal areas, whereas the latter were associated mainly with prefrontal, orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate connectivity. These results point to the effect of extensive practice on the development of expertise and long term working memory, and demonstrate the role of frontal networks in supporting performance on less practiced calculations, which incur additional processing demands. Through the example of calendrical skills, our results demonstrate that the ability to perform complex calculations is initially supported by extensive attentional and strategic resources, which, as expertise develops, are gradually replaced by access to long term working memory for familiar material.
A media-specific FEC based on huffman coding for distributed speech recognition

In this paper, we propose a media-specific forward error correction (FEC) method based on Huffman coding for distributed speech recognition (DSR). In order to mitigate the performance degradation of DSR in noisy channel environments, the importance of each subvector for the DSR system is first explored. As a result, the first subvector information for the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) is then added as an error protection code. At the same time, Huffman coding methods are applied to compressed MFCCs to prevent the bit-rate increase by using such protection codes,. Different Huffman trees for MFCCs are designed according to the voicing class, subvector-wise, and their combinations. It is shown from the recognition experiments on the Aurora 4 large vocabulary database under several noisy channel conditions that the proposed FEC method is able to achieve the relative average word error rate (WER) reduction by 9.03~17.81% compared with the standard DSR system using no FEC methods.
Mutations in the lspA1 and lspA2 Genes of Haemophilus ducreyi Affect the Virulence of This Pathogen in an Animal Model System

ABSTRACT Haemophilus ducreyi 35000HP contains two genes, lspA1 and lspA2, whose predicted protein products have molecular weights of 456,000 and 543,000, respectively (C. K. Ward, S. R. Lumbley, J. L. Latimer, L. D. Cope, and E. J. Hansen, J. Bacteriol. 180:6013-6022, 1998). We have constructed three H. ducreyi 35000HP mutants containing antibiotic resistance cartridges in one or both of the lspA1 and lspA2 open reading frames. Western blot analysis using LspA1- and LspA2-specific monoclonal antibodies indicated that the wild-type parent strain 35000HP expressed LspA1 protein that was readily detectable in culture supernatant fluid together with a barely detectable amount of LspA2 protein. The lspA2 mutant 35000HP.2 expressed LspA1 protein that was detectable in culture supernatant fluid and no LspA2 protein. In contrast, the H. ducreyi lspA1 mutant 35000HP.1, which did not express the LspA1 protein, expressed a greater quantity of the LspA2 protein than did the wild-type parent strain. The lspA1 lspA2 double mutant 35000HP.12 expressed neither LspA1 nor LspA2. The three mutant strains adhered to human foreskin fibroblasts and to a human keratinocyte cell line in vitro at a level that was not significantly different from that of the wild-type strain 35000HP. Lack of expression of the LspA1 protein by both the lspA1 mutant and the lspA1 lspA2 double mutant was associated with an increased tendency to autoagglutinate. When evaluated in the temperature-dependent rabbit model for chancroid, the lspA1 lspA2 double mutant was substantially less virulent than the wild-type strain 35000HP. The results of these studies indicated that H. ducreyi requires both the LspA1 and LspA2 proteins to be fully virulent in this animal model for experimental chancroid.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of heart rate variability in epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs

Purpose: Epilepsy is associated with near‐fatal and fatal arrhythmias, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is partly related to cardiac events. Dysfunction of the autonomous nervous system causes arrhythmias and, although previous studies have investigated the effects of epilepsy on the autonomic control of the heart, the results are still mixed regarding whether imbalance of sympathetic, vagal, or both systems is present in epilepsy, and also the importance of anticonvulsant treatment on the autonomic system. Therefore, we aimed to investigate epilepsy and its treatment impact on heart rate variability (HRV), assessed by sympathetic and parasympathetic activity expressed as low‐frequency (LF) and high‐frequency (HF) power spectrum, respectively.
The lexical richness of undergraduate student essays: the influence of writing experience and essay writing strategies

L2 writing is a complex cognitive task, which requires and is facilitated by practice, familiarity with the task and appropriate writing strategies. This study investigates three lexical richness measures of argumentative essays written by Hungarian undergraduate students of English (n=89) and the correlation they have with students’ self-reported writing behaviors and strategies. Surprisingly, no statistically significant differences were found between the reported writing behaviors of students and the lexical richness measures of their essays. This can be attributed partly to the limited strategy data that are gained through a questionnaire, but can also be due to the complex nature of writing as a process and to the variety of factors that contribute to writing as a product. The pedagogical implications of writing strategy instruction are also discussed.
Use of Infrared Photography for Objective Measurement of Leg Ulcer Area in Sickle Cell Anemia Patients

Measurement of skin ulcer area is essential for accurate assessment of the efficacy of different therapeutic strategies. Currently, measurement options involve subjective evaluation of ulcer borders. We quantified ulcer surface area in twelve sickle cell anemia patients by using an infrared (IR) camera and compared measurements to those obtained with standard, manual techniques that utilize visible light. IR photography is sensitive to ulcer border irregularity and capable of discerning thin epithelialization layers that are invisible, due to transparency, to the human eye or ordinary photography. The technique is non-invasive, objective, and capable of visualizing ulcers through thin dressings.