Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mind the gaps: investigating the cause of the current range disjunction in the Cape Platanna, Xenopus gilli (Anura: Pipidae)

Low-lying areas of the Cape at Africa’s south-westernmost tip have undergone dramatic marine-remodelling, with regular changes in sea-level following glacial cycles. Species for which marine barriers are impenetrable underwent concomitant radical distribution changes which may account for current range disjunctions. The Cape platanna, Xenopus gilli, is a frog distributed in only three disjunt areas within low-lying regions of the southwestern Cape. We determined the relationship between frogs from these three disjunct areas, by using a combination of morphometric analysis and mtDNA (ND2 and 16S fragments) sequences of 130 frogs from eight ponds. Coalescent analyses on molecular data dated the divergence in two major clades to around 4.6 Mya, a period during which major uplifting on the eastern side of the subcontinent caused climate changes throughout southern Africa. Principal components analysis showed significant morphometric differences between each clade on head and limb measurements. Consistent differences in ventral colouration and patterning were also observed. We report on increased levels of hybridisation with X. laevis throughout the range of X. gilli, which reaches at least 27% hybrids in some ponds. Urgent conservation actions are required to control habitat loss from alien invasive vegetation, and prevent introgression with the domestic-exotic, X. laevis.
Visuo-spatial working memory and individual differences

Introduction. The Study of Individual Differences in Visuo-spatial Abilities. Models and Components of Visuo-spatial Representation and Working Memory. Gender Differences in Visuo-spatial Abilities. Individual Differences in Children's Visuo-spatial Working Memory. Visuo-spatial Working Memory in Ageing. Imagery, Blindness and Visuo-spatial Working Memory. Visuo-spatial Abilities in Genetic Syndromes. A Continuity Approach to Visuo-spatial Working Memory. References.
Classification of Normal and Abnormal Patterns in Digital Mammograms for Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

the last few years, computerized tool play important role in detection of breast cancer. This paper proposes a method for breast cancer diagnosis in digital mammograms using GLCM (Grey Level Co#occurrence Matrix) features. In this paper CAD (Computer Aided Diagnosis) system developed using GLCM feature and neural network. Mammography is an efficient tool for early detection of breast cancer. Computerized methods have recently show great tool in providing radiologists with second opinion about breast cancer diagnosis. Five GLCM features for mammogram images are extracted. Mammogram image is classified into normal image and cancer image. The effectiveness of this paper is examined on DDSM (Digital Database for Screening Mammography) database using classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The overall accuracy can be improved by most relevant GLCM features, which is selected by feature selection algorithm.
Correlation of pain assessment parameters in dogs with cranial cruciate surgery.

The objective of this study was to compare postoperative pain, as assessed by multiple objective and subjective methods, after Tibial Tuberosity Advancement and Modififi ed Retinacular Imbrication Technique, procedures that differ signififi cantly in the extent of the operative trauma. We compared the preoperative, 2, 6, 10, 20, 44 and 68-hour postoperative results of the University of Melbourne Pain Scale and visual analogue scale with the dynamics of the physiologic, biochemical and behavioural parameters. The integration of various parameters increases the objectivity of pain assessment. The invasiveness of the surgical technique does not necessarily correlate with the level of postoperative pain.
Ancient Grandeur of the Vertebrate Neuropeptide Y System Shown by the Coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae

The neuropeptide Y (NPY) family receptors and peptides have previously been characterized in several tetrapods, teleost fishes, and in a holocephalan cartilaginous fish. This has shown that the ancestral NPY system in the jawed vertebrates consisted of the peptides NPY and peptide YY (PYY) and seven G-protein-coupled receptors named Y1–Y8 (Y3 does not exist). The different vertebrate lineages have subsequently lost or gained a few receptor genes. For instance, the human genome has lost three of the seven receptors while the zebrafish has lost two and gained two receptor genes. Here we describe the NPY system of a representative of an early diverging lineage among the sarcopterygians, the West Indian Ocean coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae. The coelacanth was found to have retained all seven receptors from the ancestral jawed vertebrate. The receptors display the typical characteristics found in other vertebrates. Interestingly, the coelacanth was found to have the local duplicate of the PYY gene, called pancreatic polypeptide, previously only identified in tetrapods. Thus, this duplication took place very early in the sarcopterygian lineage, before the origin of tetrapods. These findings confirm the ancient complexity of the NPY system and show that mammals have lost more NPY receptors than any other vertebrate lineage. The coelacanth has all three peptides found in tetrapods and has retained the ancestral jawed vertebrate receptor repertoire with neither gains or losses.
Dietary patterns and the risk of hip fractures in elderly Chinese: a matched case-control study.

CONTEXT Many studies have investigated the effects of individual foods or nutrients on bone health, but limited research has focused on dietary patterns. PURPOSE We examined the association of dietary patterns with the risk of hip fractures in elderly Chinese. DESIGN This 1:1 age- (±3 years) and gender-matched case-control study were performed between June 2009 and June 2012. SETTING The study was conducted in Guangdong Province, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 581 pairs of hip fracture incident cases and controls (71 ± 7 years) were studied. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to assess dietary intake using a 79-item food frequency questionnaire, whereas general information was collected using structured questionnaires. Dietary patterns were identified by a principal components factor analysis. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression were used to analyze the association. MAIN RESULT We identified 4 dietary patterns: healthy, prudent, traditional, and high-fat. Dose-dependent lower risks of hip fracture were observed in relation to higher scores in the healthy dietary pattern related to high fruit and vegetable intake and in the prudent pattern typified by a higher intake of nuts, mushrooms, algae, and seafood but lower in grains, whereas the same were associated with lower scores in the high-fat dietary pattern (all P trend < .05). The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for hip fractures, comparing the extreme tertiles of the 3 patterns, were 0.42 (0.24-0.73) for healthy, 0.51 (0.28-0.90) for prudent, and 2.25 (1.38-3.69) for high-fat. No significant association was found between the traditional dietary pattern (with a high intake of Chinese herbal tea, double stewed soup, processed meat and fish, and organ meat) and hip fracture risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the consumption of a healthy or prudent dietary pattern can protect against hip fractures, whereas a high-fat pattern promotes the incidence of such fractures.
The Handbook of Career Advising

Tables, Figures, and Exhibits. Foreword. Preface. The Authors. 1 Foundations of Career Advising. Pager: Please set chapter author names according to Simbach template. I've coded them here as ContentsH2 to differentiate them from the ContentChapterTitles-Copyeditor (Kenneth F. Hughey, Judith K. Hughey). 2 The Evolving Workplace: Integrating Academic and Career Advising(Rich Feller, Brian O'Bruba). 3 Career Advising Competencies (Eileen Mahoney). 4 Theories of Career Development to Inform Advising (Spencer G. Niles, Brian Hutchison). 5 Using Student Development Theory to Inform Career Advising (Heidi Koring, Beverly Reid). 6 Diversity and Career Advising (Aaron H. Carlstrom, Marilyn S. Kaff, Karen R. Low). 7 Information Resources to Enhance Career Advising (Darrin L. Carr, Susan A. Epstein). 8 Career Advising: A Framework for Practice (Joanne K. Damminger). 9 Integrated Career and Academic Advising Programs (Dorothy Burton Nelson, Betsy McCalla-Wriggins). 10 Career Advising with Undecided Students (Catherine A. Buyarski). 11 Career Advising with Specific Student Populations (Peggy Jordan, Terri Blevins). 12 Evaluation and Assessment in Career Advising (Rich Robbins). 13 Career Advising: Challenges, Opportunities, and Recommendations for the Future (Betsy McCalla-Wriggins, Kenneth F. Hughey, Joanne K. Damminger, Dorothy Burton Nelson). Appendixes. Appendix A. Exemplary Practices: Integrated Academic and Career Advising Centers. Appendix B. Diversity and Career Advising: Case Studies. Appendix C. Advising Undecided Students: Case Studies. Appendix D. Resource Information for Examples of Existing Standardized Evaluation Instruments. Appendix E. Example of a Syllabus for Career Advising.
Study on Parallel SVM Based on MapReduce

Support Vector Machines (SVM) are powerful classification and regression tools. They have been widely studied by many scholars and applied in many kinds of practical fields. But their compute and storage requirements increase rapidly with the number of training vectors, putting many problems of practical interest out of their reach. For applying SVM to large scale data mining, parallel SVM are studied and some parallel SVM methods are proposed. Most currently parallel SVM methods are based on classical MPI model. It is not easy to be used in practical, especial to large scale data-intensive data mining problems. MapReduce is an efficient distribution computing model to process large scale data mining problems. Some MapReduce software were developed, such as Hadoop, Twister and so on. In this paper, parallel SVM based on iterative MapReduce model Twister is studied. The program flow is developed. The efficiency of the method is illustrated through analyzing practical problems.
The Enabling Potential of Constraints

Abstract The purpose of this brief note is to share findings of an exploratory study focusing on a new measurement instrument. This article describes a 13-item scale, Enabling Outcomes Scale (EOS), designed to measure the enabling potential of constraints. The content of the scale was shaped by theoretical discussions in Kleiber, McGuire, and Aybar-Damali (2004) and Kleiber, McGuire, Aybar-Damali, and Norman (2008), which suggest that constraints have enabling potentials. Data on the psychometric properties of the scale are presented including its factor structure, internal consistency, and validity. The findings indicate that the scale shows promise as a tool for extending our insight regarding how to expand the use of constraints as a construct in leisure research.
On Social Reasoning in Multi-Agent Systems

This work presents the core notions of a social reasoning mechanism, based on dependence theory. This model enables an agent to reason about the others, in particular to calculate his dependence relations and dependence situations. An agent is said to be dependent on another if the latter can help/prevent him to achieve one of his goals. We consider our social reasoning mechanism as an essential building block for the design of really autonomous artificial agents, which are immersed in an open multi-agent world. By open, we mean that agents may enter or leave the society at any moment. In such systems, as the organization of the agents can not be conceived at design time, the cooperative problem solving paradigm is based on dynamic coalition formation. In this context, agents must be able to adapt themselves to dynamically changing conditions, by evaluating at execution time if their goals are achievable and if their plans are feasible. As we do not suppose that agents are benevolent, our model proposes a criterion to evaluate which partners are more susceptible to accept a proposition of coalition. Finally, as in these kind of systems agents usually do not have a complete and correct representation of each other, our model helps them to detect an agency level inconsistency and to choose a context to be maintained.
Assessment of the Harmful Psychiatric and Behavioral Effects of Different Forms of Child Maltreatment.

IMPORTANCE Several widely held beliefs about child abuse and neglect may be incorrect. It is most commonly assumed that some forms of abuse (eg, physical and sexual abuse) are more harmful than others (eg, emotional abuse and neglect); other assumptions are that each form of abuse has specific consequences and that the effects of abuse differ across sex and race. OBJECTIVE To determine whether widely held assumptions about child abuse and neglect are valid by testing the hypothesis that different types of child maltreatment (CM) actually have equivalent, broad, and universal effects. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This observational study assessed 2292 racially and ethnically diverse boys (1254 [54.7%]) and girls (1038 [45.3%]) aged 5 to 13 years (mean [SD] age, 9.0 [2.0] years) who attended a research summer camp program for low-income, school-aged children from July 1, 1986, to August 15, 2012. Of these children, 1193 (52.1%) had a well-documented history of maltreatment. Analysis was conducted from September 25, 2013, to June 1, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Various forms of internalizing and externalizing personality and psychopathologic traits were assessed using multiple informant ratings on the California Child Q-Set and Teacher Report Form as well as child self-reported depression and peer ratings of aggression and disruptive behavior. RESULTS Structural analysis showed that different forms of CM have equivalent psychiatric and behavioral effects, ranging from anxiety and depression to rule-breaking and aggression. We also found that nonsexual CM alters 2 broad vulnerability factors, internalizing (β = 0.185; SE = 0.028; P < .001) and externalizing (β = 0.283; SE = 0.023; P < .001), that underlie multiple forms of psychiatric and behavioral disturbance. We show that CM has comparable consequences for boys and girls of different races, and our results allowed us to describe a base rate and co-occurrence issue that makes it difficult to identify the unique effects of child sexual abuse. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our findings challenge widely held beliefs about how child abuse should be recognized and treated-a responsibility that often lies with the physician. Because different types of child abuse have equivalent, broad, and universal effects, effective treatments for maltreatment of any sort are likely to have comprehensive psychological benefits. Population-level prevention and intervention strategies should emphasize emotional abuse, which occurs with high frequency but is less punishable than other types of child maltreatment.
Machine Wald

The past century has seen a steady increase in the need of estimating and predicting complex systems and making (possibly critical) decisions with limited information. Although computers have made possible the numerical evaluation of sophisticated statistical models, these models are still designed by humans because there is currently no known recipe or algorithm for dividing the design of a statistical model into a sequence of arithmetic operations. Indeed enabling computers to think as humans have the ability to do when faced with uncertainty is challenging in several major ways: (1) Finding optimal statistical models remains to be formulated as a well posed problem when information on the system of interest is incomplete and comes in the form of a complex combination of sample data, partial knowledge of constitutive relations and a limited description of the distribution of input random variables. (2) The space of admissible scenarios along with the space of relevant information, assumptions, and/or beliefs, tend to be infinite dimensional, whereas calculus on a computer is necessarily discrete and finite. With this purpose, this paper explores the foundations of a rigorous framework for the scientific computation of optimal statistical estimators/models and reviews their connections with During the past century the need to solve large complex problems in applications such as fluid dynamics, neutron transport or ballistic prediction drove the parallel development of computers and numerical methods for solving ODEs and PDEs. It is now clear that this development lead to a paradigm shift. Before: each new PDE required the development of new theoretical methods and the employment of large teams of mathematicians and physicists; in most cases, information on solutions was only qualitative and based on general analytical bounds on fundamental solutions. After: mathematical analysis and computer science worked in synergy to give birth to robust numerical methods (such as finite element methods) capable of solving a large spectrum of PDEs without requiring the level of expertise of an A. L. Cauchy or level of insight of a R. P. Feynman. This transformation can be traced back to sophisticated calculations performed by arrays of human computers organized as parallel clusters and to fundamental work such as the 1947 paper by John Von Neumann and Herman Goldstine on Numerical Inverting of Matrices of High Order [151].
Autism and Personality : Findings from the Tavistock Autism Workshop

Alvarez, Reid, Introduction: Autism, Personality and the Family. Reid, The Assessment of the Child with Autism: A Family Perspective. Klauber, The Significance of Trauma and other Factors in Work with the Parents of Children with Autism. Alvarez, Addressing the Deficit: Developmentally Informed Psychotherapy with Passive, 'Undrawn' Children. Alvarez, Disorder, Deviance and Personality: Factors in the Persistence and Modifiability of Autism. Rhode, Echo or Answer? The Move Towards Ordinary Speech in Three Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Reid, Autism and Trauma: Autistic Post Traumatic Developmental Disorder. Reid, Catherine: The Wind Beneath my Wings: The Importance of Hope. Bartram, Sean: From Solitary Invulnerability to the Beginnings of Reciprocity at Very Early Infantile Levels. Pecotic, Edward: Lost and Found: From Passive Withdrawal to Symbolic Functioning. Hanson, Conor: Hold on or You'll Fall: The Struggle to Become an Ordinary Boy. Pundik, Carmen: Despot or Subject: The Discovery of Beauty in a Wilful, Passionate Child. Youell, Matthew: From Numbers to Numeracy: From Knowledge to Knowing in a Ten Year Old Boy with Asperger's Syndrome. Bungener, Becky: Motive in her Mindlessness: the Discovery of Autistic Features in a Learning Disabled Adolescent. Klauber, Warren: From Passive and Sensuous Compliance to a More Lively Independence: Limited Therapeutic Objectives with a Verbal Adolescent. Edwards, Joe: Toward Solid Ground: A Request for a Second Course of Psychotherapy in an Adolescent. Alvarez, Reid, Endpiece.
SArt project: research in the intersection between software and art

In this article we present the research of SArt project at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. In SArt we have the vision that software engineering can benefit from multidisciplinary research at the intersection with art for the purpose of increasing innovation and creativity. The group participates in the development of several interactive art installations and studies the issues and problems in this particular domain. Our findings show several peculiarities of the software development projects which require further study from software engineering perspective. Furthermore, we observe that some important software engineering concepts, like testing and maintenance, which are recognized as important in contemporary software development, are often underestimated in interactive installation art.
Efficient Policy Construction for MDPs Represented in Probabilistic PDDL

We present a novel dynamic programming approach to computing optimal policies for Markov Decision Processes compactly represented in grounded Probabilistic PDDL. Unlike other approaches, which use an intermediate representation as Dynamic Bayesian Networks, we directly exploit the PPDDL description by introducing dedicated backup rules. This provides an alternative approach to DBNs, especially when actions have highly correlated effects on variables. Indeed, we show interesting improvements on several planning domains from the International Planning Competition. Finally, we exploit the incremental flavor of our backup rules for designing promising approaches to policy revision.
3D free form object recognition using rotational projection statistics

Recognizing 3D objects in the presence of clutter and occlusion is a challenging task. This paper presents a 3D free form object recognition system based on a novel local surface feature descriptor. For a randomly selected feature point, a local reference frame (LRF) is defined by calculating the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix of a local surface, and a feature descriptor called rotational projection statistics (RoPS) is constructed by calculating the statistics of the point distribution on 2D planes defined from the LRF. It finally proposes a 3D object recognition algorithm based on RoPS features. Candidate models and transformation hypotheses are generated by matching the scene features against the model features in the library, these hypotheses are then tested and verified by aligning the model to the scene. Comparative experiments were performed on two publicly available datasets and an overall recognition rate of 98.8% was achieved. Experimental results show that our method is robust to noise, mesh resolution variations and occlusion.
How Pediatricians Can Deal with Children Who Have Been Sexually Abused by Family Members

The present paper discusses children who have been the victims of sexual abuse in their own family. It focuses on the special role of pediatricians and medical staff in identifying such children and providing them with initial assistance by reporting the situation to the authorities. The first part of the paper surveys the short- and long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse, including the physical and emotional impact of sexual exploitation and severe neglect. This section discusses the symptoms shown by abused children, and how they express and deal with their trauma. It is extremely important for pediatricians to be sensitive to the possibility of patients being abused at home, as this is an area still largely regarded as a societal taboo. Also included in this section a discussion of the effects that are manifested when the victim has grown to adulthood, such as personality disorders. The second part of the paper deals with how pediatricians must act when they encounter such a situation in which they suspect sexual abuse in the family. They should strive to identify the problem and bring it to the attention of the authorities. Discovery of the problem is the most vital part of the path to the victim's recovery. The paper also discusses the aspect of treatment, advising doctors who encounter this problem on ways of dealing with it.
Community cores in evolving networks

Community structure is a key property of complex networks. Many algorithms have been proposed to automatically detect communities in static networks but few studies have considered the detection and tracking of communities in an evolving network. Tracking the evolution of a given community over time requires a clustering algorithm that produces stable clusters. However, most community detection algorithms are very unstable and therefore unusable for evolving networks. In this paper, we apply the methodology proposed in [seifi2012] to detect what we call community cores in evolving networks. We show that cores are much more stable than "classical" communities and that we can overcome the disadvantages of the stabilized methods.