Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct Indirect Human Computer Interaction Based Biometrics

Data security is much more important issue now a day; because hacker’s are much more intelligent. Identity theft is a crime in which hackers does the unauthorized activity. Hackers can steal the identity of user by using credential things such as password, username. User verification technique provide security to the user in terms if their username and password or also by continuously validating the identity of logged-on user and Continuous verification done through users behavioral and physiological characteristics. We introduce one method that does continuous verification of user according to the interaction with mouse. Their search contribution is in three parts. First, user verification is based on result of individual mouse action and the methods which aggregate mouse action. Second we propose hierarchy of mouse action in which features are extracted. Last, we take decision about to continue the log in or log out the logged user.
Modelling memory colour region for preference colour reproduction

Colour preference adjustment is an essential step for colour image enhancement and perceptual gamut mapping. In colour reproduction for pictorial images, properly shifting colours away from their colorimetric originals may produce more preferred colour reproduction result. Memory colours, as a portion of the colour regions for colour preference adjustment, are especially important for preference colour reproduction. Identifying memory colours or modelling the memory colour region is a basic step to study preferred memory colour enhancement. In this study, we first created gamut for each memory colour region represented as a convex hull, and then used the convex hull to guide mathematical modelling to formulate the colour region for colour enhancement.
Adaptation of the Minitek system for the rapid identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A suspending medium was developed for use with the Minitek system for the confirmatory identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, and N. lactamica based upon the production of acid from various carbohydrates. The addition of sodium bicarbonate to the medium made negative reactions easier to read. More isolates of N. gonorrhoeae were identified with the suspending medium in the Minitek system than with cystine-Trypticase agar media. With a suitable inoculum size, a positive identification could be made in less than 1 h; most isolates (90,8%) could be identified within 4 h of inoculation. The Minitek system is reliable and easy to use.
Promoting Security and Efficiency in D2D Underlay Communication: A Bargaining Game Approach

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is a promising technology for expanding the next generation wireless cellular network. To deal with the security challenges and optimize the system communication quality, this paper investigates the security and efficiency problem in D2D underlay communication with the presence of malicious eavesdroppers. Fairness and strategy space of both D2D user equipment (DUE) and cellular user equipment (CUE) are taken into consideration under the control of proposed efficiency functions. Problems are formulated as a series of utility functions built on the unit price of jamming power and the amount of jamming service. Extracting system model into a price negotiation under Bargaining Game (PNBG) that a buyer and a seller both desiring maximum its profits, we solve the problems by reaching an agreement of the two sides. The step number of bargain process is also a restriction under consideration. For the Non-Step scheme, an Evaluation Function (EF) and a Comprehensive Utility Function (CUF) are demonstrated to analyze the negotiation process. For Step-Contained scheme, the step number of iteration is involved and an Attenuation Function (AF) is introduced to modify the Bargaining Game. Algorithms of two schemes are designed to derive the equilibrium point for reaching an agreement. Finally, simulations are illustrated for verifying proposed approach.
Improvement of Power System Transient Stability by PV Farm With Fuzzy Gain Scheduling of PID Controller

The extensive proliferation of large photovoltaic (PV) farms in power systems deteriorates both system inertia and synchronizing coupling. Under the occurrence of severe faults, the power system transient stability may be jeopardized. Nevertheless, the fast active power control ability of the PV inverter leads to the possibility of transient stability improvement. This paper focuses on the new application of large PV farms equipped with a fuzzy gain scheduling of proportional–integral–derivative (FGS-PID) controller for transient stabilization of a multimachine power system. The FGS-PID controller is used to control the PV inverter, so that the PV power output can be modulated to stabilize the transient power swing when the faults take place. To obtain the stabilizing performance, the scale factors, membership functions, and control rules of the FGS-PID controller are determined by a bee colony optimization. Simulation study in a two-area interconnected power system exhibits the superior stabilizing effect and robustness of the PV with FGS-PID controller over the PV with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, optimal PID controller, and Ziegler–Nichols tuned PID controller, under various faults, line flows, and solar insolations. In addition, without losing the main function of power generation, the PV with FGS-PID control is able to supply energy to the system almost equal as the PV with MPPT, during stabilization.
Comparative Studies of Collaborative Team Depression Care Adoption in Safety Net Clinics

Purpose: To evaluate three approaches adopting collaborative depression care model in Los Angeles County safety net clinics with predominantly Latino type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: Pre–post differences in treatment rates and symptom reductions were compared between baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups for each approach: (a) Multifaceted Depression and Diabetes Program (MDDP) grant–hired social workers dedicated for depression care, (b) Diabetes–Depression Care-Management Adoption Trial (DCAT) supported care (SC) by clinic social workers in diabetes disease management teams, and (c) DCAT-automated care-management technology-facilitated care (TC) model. All social workers were guided by a depression care protocol. Results: All approaches significantly increased treatment rate, the largest improvement being MDDP (40%), followed by TC (30%) and then SC (20%). Similar patterns were found in symptom improvement (≥50% depression score reductions) and self-rated health. TC was the only approach to significantly improve patient diabetes self-care. Discussion: Activated social workers and technology facilitation provide promising effective adoption of collaborative depression team care in safety net.
On Some Clustering Techniques

The problem of organizing a large mass of data occurs frequently in research. Normally, some process of generalization is used to compress the data so that it can be analyzed more easily. A primitive step in this process is the "clustering" technique, which involves gathering together similar data into a cluster to permit a significant generalization. This paper describes a number of methods which make use of IBM 7090 computer programs to do clustering. A medical research problem is used to illustrate and compare these methods.
Unlocking the Arabidopsis epigenome

The patterns of DNA methylation, referred to as the “methylome”, must be faithfully propagated for proper development of plants and mammals. However, it has been unclear to which extent transgenerational epigenetic inheritance will be affected after DNA methylation distribution has been altered. Recently, three reports have addressed this issue in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we revisit the results of these experiments addressing the stability of epigenetic inheritance within two populations of epigenetic recombinant inbred lines (epiRILs), in which mosaic epigenomes were subjected to inbreeding for multiple generations. The manner in which the epigenetic variation was induced differed between the two populations, one by adversely affecting chromatin remodeling and the second by impairing the maintenance of DNA methylation, yet the comparison of the results provides a broader view of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance that may find parallels in other organisms.
Biofilms Protect Mycoplasma pulmonis Cells from Lytic Effects of Complement and Gramicidin

ABSTRACT The length of the tandem repeat region of the Vsa protein of Mycoplasma pulmonis has previously been shown to modulate the susceptibility of mycoplasmas to killing by complement: cells that produce a short form of the Vsa protein are highly sensitive, and cells producing the long Vsa protein are resistant. In contrast to their differing susceptibilities to complement, the mycoplasmas were highly sensitive to gramicidin irrespective of the length of the Vsa protein produced. We show here that when encased within a biofilm, cells of M. pulmonis producing a short form of the Vsa protein were more resistant to complement and gramicidin than mycoplasmas that were dispersed. The resistance appeared to be localized to those mycoplasmas within tower structures of the biofilms. Biofilm formation may be a mechanism that protects mycoplasmas from host immunity.
Magnetochromatic polydiacetylene by incorporation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles.

Conjugated polymers have been explored for a broad spectrum of applications, particularly in optoelectronic and sensing materials, because the p -electron delocalization in the backbones provides them with intriguing electronic and optical properties. [1] For example, polydiacetylene (PDA) exhibits an intense chromatic transition, typically from blue to red, in response to various external stimuli, such as temperature, pH, ion, solvent, and ligand interaction. [1–11] This colorimetric change can be easily perceived by the naked eye, making PDA an ideal candidate for sensing applications. The color changes of PDAs are caused by the shortening of the effective PDA conjugation length as a result of changes in the conformation of the polymer backbone under stimuli. To improve their practical applications, increasing interest has been extensively attracted to explore PDAs with new sensing functionalities. For example, electron- and light-induced PDA/carbon nanotube fibers and PDA/azobenzene nanomaterials were recently discovered by the groups of Peng [12–14] and Zou, [15,16] respectively. The common and critical strategy is to form nanocomposites by introducing the second phases with specifically designed structures and functionalities. However, to the best of our knowledge, no magnetism-induced chromatism has ever been realized in PDA. However, magnetochromatic PDA materials could be advanta-geous for many applications ranging from small devices to aircraft as they are low-cost in fabrication, simple in structure, high-efficiency in sensitivity, and convenient and safe in operation. A possible approach to fabricate magnetochromatic PDA systems is to introduce other nanomaterials that may induce PDA conformational changes upon exposure to a magnetic field. Iron oxide nanoparticles have been widely studied for their superparamagnetic properties
Effects of Hyperthermia on Spermatogenesis, Apoptosis, Gene Expression, and Fertility in Adult Male Mice1

Abstract Testicular heat shock was used to characterize cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in male fertility. This model is relevant because heat shock proteins (HSPs) are required for spermatogenesis and also protect cells from environmental hazards such as heat, radiation, and chemicals. Cellular and molecular methods were used to characterize effects of testicular heat shock (43°C for 20 min) at different times posttreatment. Mating studies confirmed conclusions, based on histopathology, that spermatocytes are the most susceptible cell type. Apoptosis in spermatocytes was confirmed by TUNEL, and was temporally correlated with the expression of stress-inducible Hsp70-1 and Hsp70-3 proteins in spermatocytes. To further characterize gene expression networks associated with heat shock-induced effects, we used DNA microarrays to interrogate the expression of 2208 genes and thousands more expression sequence tags expressed in mouse testis. Of these genes, 27 were up-regulated and 151 were down-regulated after heat shock. Array data were concordant with the disruption of meiotic spermatogenesis, the heat-induced expression of HSPs, and an increase in apoptotic spermatocytes. Furthermore, array data indicated increased expression of four additional non-HSP stress response genes, and eight cell-adhesion, signaling, and signal-transduction genes. Decreased expression was recorded for 10 DNA repair and recombination genes; 9 protein synthesis, folding, and targeting genes; 9 cell cycle genes; 5 apoptosis genes; and 4 glutathione metabolism genes. Thus, the array data identify numerous candidate genes for further analysis in the heat-shocked testis model, and suggest multiple possible mechanisms for heat shock-induced infertility.
On-line learning of macro planning operators using probabilistic estimations of cause-effects

In this work we propose an on-line learning method for learning action rules for planning. The system uses a probabilistic approach of a constructive induction method that combines a beam search with an example-based search over candidate rules to find those that more concisely describe the world dynamics. The approach permits a rapid integration of the knowledge acquired from experience. Exploration of the world dynamics is guided by the planner, and – if the planner fails because of incomplete knowledge – by a teacher through action instructions.
Proton relaxation enhancement

Paramagnetic and superparamagnetic substances are used as contrast agents to enhance proton relaxation in magnetic resonance imaging. This review summarizes the physics of contrast agents, specifically the mechanisms by which contrast agents enhance T1 and T2 relaxation. The purpose is to provide a background for understanding the behavior of existing contrast agents in basic experimental and clinical studies. Terms such as magnetic dipole, dipole moment, magnetic susceptibility, diamag‐netism, paramagnetism, superparamagnetism, and ferro‐magnetism are introduced. Two important interactions between the magnetic dipole moments of paramagnetic substances and the dipole moments associated with protons are described. The Solomon‐Bloembergen‐Morgan equations and other basic relaxation theory that has been confirmed experimentally are introduced to account for the dependence of relaxation on such parameters as the Larmor frequency, magnetic moment, accessibility of water molecules to the core of a contrast agent, and frequency of molecular motions.
Indole-3-Acetonitrile Production from Indole Glucosinolates Deters Oviposition by Pieris rapae1[W][OA]

Like many crucifer-specialist herbivores, Pieris rapae uses the presence of glucosinolates as a signal for oviposition and larval feeding. Arabidopsis thaliana glucosinolate-related mutants provide a unique resource for studying the in vivo role of these compounds in affecting P. rapae oviposition. Low indole glucosinolate cyp79B2 cyp79B3 mutants received fewer eggs than wild type, confirming prior research showing that indole glucosinolates are an important oviposition cue. Transgenic plants overexpressing epithiospecifier protein, which shifts glucosinolate breakdown toward nitrile formation, are less attractive to ovipositing P. rapae females. Exogenous application of indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate breakdown products to cyp79B2 cyp79B3 mutants showed that oviposition was increased by indole-3-carbinol and decreased by indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN). P. rapae larvae tolerate a cruciferous diet by using a gut enzyme to redirect glucosinolate breakdown toward less toxic nitriles, including IAN, rather than isothiocyanates. The presence of IAN in larval regurgitant contributes to reduced oviposition by adult females on larvae-infested plants. Therefore, production of nitriles via epithiospecifier protein in cruciferous plants, which makes the plants more sensitive to generalist herbivores, may be a counter-adaptive mechanism for reducing oviposition by P. rapae and perhaps other crucifer-specialist insects.
Histologic Changes in the Hamster Cheek Pouch During Early Hydrocarbon Carcinogenesis

IN A previous investigations the cheek pouch of the Syrian hamster was subjected to treatment by 3 carcinogenic hydrocarbons: 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene, 20-methylcholanthrene and 3,4-benzpyrene. Neoplasms ranging from benign papilloma to squamous-cell carcinoma with regional lymph node metastasis were produced. The most potent carcinogen for oral tumor induction was found to be 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene in an acetone solution. Later work7 has shown that the average latent period for tumor appearance with this compound could be significantly shortened from 6 to 7 weeks when acetone was used, to 41/2 weeks with mineral oil as a solvent. Although different histologic grades of preneoplasia and neoplasia were described in the earlier report, many animals exhibited changes ranging from hyperplasia to frankly malignant tumors in the same pouch. This may possibly be explained on the basis of different areas of the pouch responding to carcinogenic treatment at different times. It was felt that a study whereby progressive changes in oral epithelium could be observed before neoplastic transformation would be useful. Investigations of this type have been reported previously for epidermal tissue treated with methyleholanthrene" 4 and benzpyrene.2 Generally, these reports concur in their descriptions of the histogenesis of experimental skin carcinoma. The initial reaction after treatment with the carcinogen was inflammation. This was followed by a period of degeneration which, in turn, was replaced by a stage where epithelial hyperplasia predominated. The first evidence of neoplastic change was the appearance of epithelial papillomata. These benign tumors then underwent malignant transformation to squamous-cell carcinoma. Orr5 has described essentially the same findings in subcutaneous tissue implanted with wax pellets containing methyleholanthrene, 3,4-benzpyrene and 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene; however, in this latter instance the tumor induced was sarcomatous. Levy, Gorlin, and Gottsegen3 made a single application of 9,10dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene to the skin and mucous membrane of the lips of Swiss albino mice. Animals were sacrificed daily up to 35 days. Their findings on skin were compatible with those described above. In the mucous membrane they reported increased surface keratinization; slight hyperplasia of the
Spatial Interaction in Local Expenditures Among Italian Municipalities: Evidence from Italy 2001-2011

We investigate the existence of spatial interaction in spending decisions among Italian municipalities. We estimate a spatial autoregressive dynamic panel data model, using information on 5,564 Italian municipalities over the period 2001-2011, exploiting their border contiguity as a measure of spatial neighborhood. We find a positive effect of neighboring expenditures on total, capital and current expenditures of a given municipality. We do not find any evidence of yardstick competition when we take account of political effects, while we find a negative relationship between spatial interaction and the size of the municipality for current expenditure. Thus, we conclude that spillover effects drive the strategic interaction.
Use of excitotoxins to lesion the hippocampus: Update

Although many of the problems associated with the use of conventional lesion techniques (aspiration, electrolytic, radiofrequency) can be avoided by employing focal injections of excitotoxins, experience gained over the past 12 years has shown that considerable care must be exercised with this newer method, to limit the cell loss to the intended area or structure. Of the toxins that have been used most often to selectively destroy the cells that comprise the hippocampus, ibotenic acid (IBO) and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) have proved to be nonspecific in their effects on different cell types and these toxins do not cause seizures. In contrast, focal injections of kainate (KA) and quisqualate result in damage that centers primarily in the CA3 pyramidal cell field and hilar cells in the dentate gyrus. In addition, there are obvious seizures and secondary distant damage involving a number of structures and areas associated with mediating seizure activity. Intrahippocampal injections of the toxin colchicine result in a preferential destruction of dentate granule cells but usually also lead to additional cell loss in adjacent areas. Attempts to limit cell loss to specific hippocampal subfields, using different toxins, have met with mixed success. Both the dosage of the agent and the volume injected are important in determining the extent of cell loss, but the volume of the toxin injected has been shown to be especially important in limiting the damage to the intended area. With the development of newer procedures (e.g., immunotoxins, gene knockouts, antisense) that permit more selective cell loss, it should be possible in the future to achieve a level of lesion control that has been lacking in the past. As with the use of excitotoxins, these newer approaches will require special care to limit the damage to the intended area and interpret the results obtained properly. Hippocampus 2002;12:405–414. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the boc gene during murine embryogenesis

BOC is a receptor‐like protein that, with the related factor CDO, belongs to a newly recognized subfamily within the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell‐surface molecules. BOC and CDO form complexes that positively regulate myogenesis in vitro. To gain a better understanding of the role of boc during vertebrate embryogenesis and whether it could cooperate with cdo in vivo, we carried out an extensive in situ hybridization analysis of boc expression in mouse embryos from E7.0 to E17.5. Our results show that boc is widely expressed during murine embryogenesis, in a spatially and temporally restricted pattern. Overall, the highest levels of boc expression are detected between E10.5 and E15.5, with the strongest signals observed in the developing musculoskeletal and central nervous systems. At late stages of development, boc expression becomes more restricted and is limited primarily to regions harboring proliferating cells, undifferentiated cells, or both. This expression pattern is strikingly similar to that described for cdo (Mulieri et al., 2000 ). The overlapping expression patterns of cdo and boc in vivo, combined with the promotion of myogenesis by CDO/BOC complexes in cultured cells, strongly suggests that these proteins play a role together in the determination, differentiation, or both, of numerous cell types during vertebrate embryogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.