Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nanoporous Metallic Networks: Fabrication, Optical Properties, and Applications

Nanoporous metallic networks are a group of porous materials made of solid metals with suboptical wavelength sizes of both particles and voids. They are characterized by unique optical properties, as well as high surface area and permeability of guest materials. As such, they attract a great focus as novel materials for photonics, catalysis, sensing, and renewable energy. Their properties together with the ability for scaling‐up evoke an increased interest also in the industrial field. Here, fabrication techniques of large‐scale metallic networks are discussed, and their interesting optical properties as well as their applications are considered. In particular, the focus is on disordered systems, which may facilitate the fabrication technique, yet, endow the three‐dimensional (3D) network with distinct optical properties. These metallic networks bridge the nanoworld into the macroscopic world, and therefore pave the way to the fabrication of innovative materials with unique optoelectronic properties.
Urdu Word Embeddings

Representing words as vectors which encode their semantic properties is an important component in natural language processing. Recent advances in distributional semantics have led to the rise of neural network-based models that use unsupervised learning to represent words as dense, distributed vectors, called ‘word embeddings’. These embeddings have led to breakthroughs in performance in multiple natural language processing applications, and also hold the key to improving natural language processing for low-resource languages by helping machine learning algorithms learn patterns more easily from these richer representations of words, thereby allowing better generalization from less data. In this paper, we train the skip-gram model on more than 140 million Urdu words to create the ﬁrst large-scale word embeddings for the Urdu language. We analyze the quality of the learned embeddings by looking at the closest neighbours to different words in the vector space and ﬁnd that they capture a high degree of syntactic and semantic similarity between words. We evaluate this quantitatively by experimenting with different vector dimensionalities and context window sizes and measuring their performance on Urdu translations of standard word similarity tasks. The embeddings are made freely available in order to advance research on Urdu language processing.
Individual, maternal and household risk factors for anaemia among young children in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study

Objective Anaemia affects the majority of children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Previous studies of risk factors for anaemia have been limited by sample size, geography and the association of many risk factors with poverty. In order to measure the relative impact of individual, maternal and household risk factors for anaemia in young children, we analysed data from all SSA countries that performed haemoglobin (Hb) testing in the Demographic and Health Surveys. Design and setting This cross-sectional study pooled household-level data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 27 SSA between 2008 and 2014. Participants 96 804 children age 6–59 months. Results The prevalence of childhood anaemia (defined as Hb <11 g/dL) across the region was 59.9%, ranging from 23.7% in Rwanda to 87.9% in Burkina Faso. In multivariable regression models, older age, female sex, greater wealth, fewer household members, greater height-for-age, older maternal age, higher maternal body mass index, current maternal pregnancy and higher maternal Hb, and absence of recent fever were associated with higher Hb in tested children. Demographic, socioeconomic factors, family structure, water/sanitation, growth, maternal health and recent illnesses were significantly associated with the presence of childhood anaemia. These risk factor groups explain a significant fraction of anaemia (ranging from 1.0% to 16.7%) at the population level. Conclusions The findings from our analysis of risk factors for anaemia in SSA underscore the importance of family and socioeconomic context in childhood anaemia. These data highlight the need for integrated programmes that address the multifactorial nature of childhood anaemia.
A Panel Smooth Transition Approach to Inflation and Relative Price Variability in China

This paper examines the relationship between inflation and relative price variability (RPV) by using provincial level data from China. The data contains three different inflation regimes and evidence of smooth transition is statistically prominent and the province‐specific time‐varying marginal impact of inflation on RPV varies substantially across inflation regimes. The inflation-RPV linkage is stronger when inflation is moderately high, but tends to fade out and might eventually disappear when inflation is steadily low. The policy implication of this result is that inflation targets should be set within a range in which the inflation-RPV link is the weakest (i.e. low‐inflation regime) to minimize undesirable price dispersion induced by inflation.
High Efficiency Three Phase Nine Level Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter

Nowadays the demand for DC-DC converters and related semiconductor components is an emerging expectation to meet the pursuit of energy efficiency and to reduce the power demand. Hence the Multiphase DC–DC converters based topology applied for highvoltage and high-power applications are proposed in this paper. The proposed converter is configured such that the boost half-bridge (BHB) cells and voltage doublers are connected in parallel and in series to increase the output voltage and the output power. In addition, the proposed converter has the advantages of high-step-up voltage gain with significantly reduced transformer turn ratio, low input current ripple due to interleaving effect, zero-voltage switching turn-on of switches and zero-current switching turn-off of diodes, no additional clamping and start-up circuits required, high component availability and easy thermal distribution due to the use of multiple small components and flexibility in device selection results in better design. The inverter is capable of producing seven levels of output-voltage levels from the dc supply voltage. Multilevel inverters offer improved output waveforms and lower THD. A PWM switching scheme for the multilevel inverter is generally preferred. By controlling the modulation index, the desired number of levels of the inverter’s output voltage can be achieved. The device current rating of the proposed multiphase converter is reduced by increasing the number of parallel connection, and the device voltage rating is reduced by increasing the number of series connection.
Insights from surgeons’ eye-movement data in a virtual simulation surgical training environment: effect of experience level and hand conditions

ABSTRACT Today, with the advancements in the eye-tracking technology, it has become possible to follow surgeons’ eye movements while performing surgical tasks. Despite the availability of studies providing a better understanding of surgeons’ eye movements, research in the particular field of endoneurosurgery is very limited. Analysing surgeons’ eye-movement data can provide general insights into how to improve surgical education programmes. In this study, four simulation-based task-oriented endoscopic surgery training scenarios were developed and implemented by 23 surgical residents using three different hand conditions; dominant, non-dominant, and both. The participants’ recorded eye data comprised fixation number, fixation duration, saccade number, saccade duration, pursuit number, pursuit duration, and pupil size. This study has two main contributions: First, it reports on the eye-movement behaviours of surgical residents, demonstrating that novice residents tended to make more fixations and saccades than intermediate residents. They also had a higher fixation duration and followed the objects more frequently compared to the intermediates. Furthermore, hand conditions significantly affected the eye movements of the participants. Based on these results, it can be concluded that eye-movement data can be used to assess the skill levels of surgical residents and would be an important measure to better guide trainees in surgical education programmes. The second contribution of this study is the eye-movement event classifications of 10 different algorithms. Although the algorithms mostly provided similar results, there were a few conflicted values for some classifications, which offers a clue as to how researchers can utilise these algorithms with low sampling frequency eye trackers.
Prototype Wireless Controller System Based on Raspberry Pi and Arduino for Engraving Machine

This paper aims to explore the theories and techniques behind procedures of wireless controller system for mini CNC milling machine. The developed controller enables the machine tool to be controlled based on wireless communication and NC data generated from CAD/CAM systems. Then, a computer vision component using a web camera is proposed for the NC machine tool monitoring. It is explained the position on the machining table. This newly designed wireless controller system can be widely used in electrical and medical industry for making small parts and engraving small features. Fabricated prototype wireless controller system was calibrated and tested under various self-testing procedures to meet industrial standard. Comprehensive cost analysis and profit estimation was conducted after completion of the prototype.
Do Lawyers Affect Legal Disputes in Italy? An Instrumental Variables Approach

The legal system can be treated as a large market where justice is traded in terms of legal disputes. Empirical evidence underlines that demand for legal assistance raises over time, despite high costs connected to filing, not only in Italy but also elsewhere in Europe. Moreover, the demand for legal services increases over time despite the high costs of filing. We argue that such increase is due to plaintiffs’ unawareness about the true cost (including delay) of filing. The reason fundamental to this situation is represented by the asymmetric information, which characterizes this environment. The client usually has poor information to value his chance for winning a dispute; hence he cannot rationally and knowingly form his own demand for legal aid. Thus, there is an adverse-selection process between lawyers and their clients that may lead to an uncontrolled increase of the demand for legal services above the rational level. As we will try to prove in this paper, such situation is emphasized in places with a higher density of lawyers, since they compete with each others in order to attract potential clients. In this paper, we use an instrumental variables approach in order to demonstrate that a high number of lawyers in a geographical area plays a significant role on the demand for new legal disputes. Results provide evidence of a positive effect of lawyers on the increase of legal disputes.
Survival analysis: Part I — analysis of time-to-event

Length of time is a variable often encountered during data analysis. Survival analysis provides simple, intuitive results concerning time-to-event for events of interest, which are not confined to death. This review introduces methods of analyzing time-to-event. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling method are described with examples of hypothetical data.
An Investigation into the Factors that Affect Miscommunication between Pilots and Air Traffic Controllers in Commercial Aviation

ABSTRACT Objective: The present research sought to investigate the communication performance of both native English sounding pilots and accented commercial pilots in two different phases of flight, the approach and departure phase of flight. Background: English language proficiency requirements, standardized phraseology, and readbacks are some of the proactive measures which the aviation industry employs to ensure effective communication. However, despite these efforts, errors in communication still occur, and anecdotal evidence suggests that factors such as language background and phase of flight increase the likelihood of communication errors. Method: Eighteen hours of air-ground communications at Kingsford Smith International Airport, Sydney, Australia, were analyzed. Results: The results revealed that accented pilots committed more communication errors than native English sounding pilots and more specifically that these errors were mistakes rather than omissions, and involved words rather than numbers. Communication performance was similar in the approach and departure phases of flight regardless of language background. Conclusion: These results provide detailed information about the type of communication errors which occur in commercial aviation, their prevalence and the context in which they occur, which helps guide where resources should be directed to further improve safety.
IL1RAP potentiates multiple oncogenic signaling pathways in AML

The surface molecule interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) is consistently overexpressed across multiple genetic subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other myeloid malignancies, including at the stem cell level, and is emerging as a novel therapeutic target. However, the cell-intrinsic functions of IL1RAP in AML cells are largely unknown. Here, we show that targeting of IL1RAP via RNA interference, genetic deletion, or antibodies inhibits AML pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo, without perturbing healthy hematopoietic function or viability. Furthermore, we found that the role of IL1RAP is not restricted to the IL-1 receptor pathway, but that IL1RAP physically interacts with and mediates signaling and pro-proliferative effects through FLT3 and c-KIT, two receptor tyrosine kinases with known key roles in AML pathogenesis. Our study provides a new mechanistic basis for the efficacy of IL1RAP targeting in AML and reveals a novel role for this protein in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Reassortant Clade 2.3.4.4 of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus, Taiwan, 2017

A highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N6) virus of clade 2.3. 4.4 was detected in a domestic duck found dead in Taiwan during February 2017. The endemic situation and continued evolution of various reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Taiwan warrant concern about further reassortment and a fifth wave of intercontinental spread.
Arginine methylation is required for canonical Wnt signaling and endolysosomal trafficking

Significance Endocytosis plays a fundamental role in Wnt signaling, leading to the sequestration of cytosolic GSK3 kinase inside multivesicular endosomes. Here we show an unexpected role for the enzyme protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) during Wnt signaling. In the case of the soluble tumor suppressor transcription factor Smad4, modification of a particular arginine was required before this protein could be phosphorylated by GSK3. Wnt3a addition caused rapid endocytosis that strikingly expanded the cellular liquid-phase compartment within 5–20 min. Wnt-induced vesicles contained arginine-methylated proteins, GSK3 and PRMT1 itself, within membrane-bound organelles. The translocation of these proteins into multivesicular endosomes via microautophagy was essential for canonical Wnt signaling. Arginine methylation has emerged as a widespread and reversible protein modification with the potential to regulate a multitude of cellular processes, but its function is poorly understood. Endolysosomes play an important role in Wnt signaling, in which glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) becomes sequestered inside multivesicular bodies (MVBs) by the process known as microautophagy, causing the stabilization of many proteins. Up to 20% of cellular proteins contain three or more consecutive putative GSK3 sites, and of these 33% also contain methylarginine (meArg) modifications. Intriguingly, a cytoskeletal protein was previously known to have meArg modifications that enhanced subsequent phosphorylations by GSK3. Here, we report the unexpected finding that protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is required for canonical Wnt signaling. Treatment of cultured cells for 5–30 min with Wnt3a induced a large increase in total endocytic vesicles which were also positive for asymmetric dimethylarginine modifications. Protease protection studies, both biochemical and in situ in cultured cells, showed that many meArg-modified cytosolic proteins became rapidly translocated into MVBs together with GSK3 and Lys48-polyubiquitinated proteins by ESCRT-driven microautophagy. In the case of the transcription factor Smad4, we showed that a unique arginine methylation site was required for GSK3 phosphorylation and Wnt regulation. The enzyme PRMT1 was found to be essential for Wnt-stimulated arginine methylation, GSK3 sequestration, and canonical Wnt signaling. The results reveal a cell biological role for PRMT1 arginine methylation at the crossroads of growth factor signaling, protein phosphorylation, membrane trafficking, cytosolic proteolysis, and Wnt-regulated microautophagy.
Diminution of MANET Attacks by HOOSC Scheme

In this paper, an Ad-Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol along with HOOSC scheme is put forward which encrypts the message to be sent and provides security for consistent routing. HOOSC algorithm allows a sender in the IBC (identity based cryptography) to send a message to a receiver in the PKI (public key infrastructure). Security in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network is an important concern for the proper functionality of network. During routing, MANET often suffers various security attacks because of the absence of clear defense algorithm. But the attacks, which can bring a large damage to MANET is called Black Hole and Grey Hole attacks. These attacks can distract the process of routing because of their direct attack on the router. Hence, several energy efficient routing algorithms and protocols are used in the previous works which are not capable efficiently to face these attacks. So HOOSC scheme is used which is very suitable to provide the security solution. In this work, the comparative analysis has been carried out by using AODV protocol without security, Message Digest algorithm and HOOSC Scheme along with AODV protocol. The simulated results show HOOSC gives better and enhanced results to mitigate the attacks in MANETs when it get modeled with HOOSC Scheme.
Semi-Supervised Code Generation by Editing Intents

In this work, we explore the semantic parsing task of generating code in a general-purpose programming language (e.g. Python) from a natural language description. One significant issue with the current state of code generation from natural language is the lack of data in a readyto-translate form, ie written as a command with variable names specified. We propose a deep generative model to rewrite and augment utterances such as StackOverflow questions into an acceptable form by adding variable names and other important information. We treat the rewritten natural language representation as a latent variable, and sample an edited natural language sentence which we condition the code generation process on. We train the models separately in a supervised setting and together in an unsupervised setting.
Dysfunctional CD4+,CD25+ regulatory T cells in untreated active systemic lupus erythematosus secondary to interferon-alpha-producing antigen-presenting cells.

OBJECTIVE To explore whether there are extrinsic factors that impair the suppressive function of CD4+,CD25+ regulatory T cells in patients with untreated active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS We studied 15 patients with untreated active SLE, 10 patients with SLE in remission, and 15 healthy control subjects. Percentages of CD4+,CD25+,FoxP3+ Treg cells and levels of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) protein were analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for FoxP3 in purified Treg cell populations was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Experiments examining Treg cell function in SLE were designed to distinguish primary from secondary T cell dysfunction. Levels of interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) in supernatants from the function assays were determined with an IFN-stimulated response element-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS The percentage of CD4+,CD25+, FoxP3+ cells in peripheral blood was significantly increased in SLE patients as compared with controls (mean +/- SEM 9.11 +/- 0.73% versus 4.78 +/- 0.43%; P < 0.0001). We found no difference in FoxP3 expression at either the mRNA or protein level in any CD4+,CD25+ T cell subset from SLE patients as compared with controls. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) from SLE patients were responsible for decreased Treg cell activity and could also render dysfunctional Treg cells from healthy control subjects. CD4+,CD25+ Treg cells from SLE patients exhibited normal suppressive activity when cultured with APCs from healthy controls. A partial Treg cell blockade effect was induced by the high levels of IFNalpha derived from SLE patient APCs. CONCLUSION We suggest that blockade of Treg cell-mediated suppression by IFNalpha-producing APCs in SLE patients may contribute to a pathogenic loss of peripheral tolerance in this disease.
Work analysis of drug-dispensing process in a hospital emergency pharmacy

The work organization performs a crucial role in activities that involves problem resolution and decision making. A hospital emergency pharmacy consists in an example where the work environment has several kinds of demands that might be inconsistent and influenced by overcrowding – common situation in Brazilian hospitals – causing harm to work organization and suitability of workload. The objective of this study is to evaluate labor conditions of professionals that work in the emergency pharmacy of a university public hospital, seeking opportunities of improvement. A transversal study was developed with a descriptive character to analyze the work conditions. An ergonomic work analysis was conducted and, for the fulfillment of its steps, observations in loco were performed and methods Deparis, RULA and ABC analysis were used, pursuing to analyze data collected and rearranging the work situation. The findings allowed propositions of improvement, related mainly to the process of drug dispensation, organization and arrangement of the work environment. The ABC analysis presented itself as a valuable method for improving drugs organization in the pharmacy and might be useful in other work situations where accessibility of items is necessary, but many items must be positioned.
Brain storm optimization with adaptive search radius for optimization

Brain storm optimization algorithm is a newly proposed algorithm which is based on the social behaviors of human beings. It gets inspiration from the procedure of brain storming to generate new individuals. The properties of brain storming highly ensure the diversity of the whole population and can efficiently eliminate premature convergence. In this paper, an adaptive search radius method has been proposed to help brain storm optimization to enhance its search ability. The proposed algorithm equipped with adaptive search strategies introduces a success and failure memory to choose the best suitable search strategy to improve the individual quality in each iteration. Three strategies can be chosen in the duration of convergence adaptively and guarantee better solutions compared with traditional brain storm optimization.