Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Open source clustering software.

SUMMARY We have implemented k-means clustering, hierarchical clustering and self-organizing maps in a single multipurpose open-source library of C routines, callable from other C and C++ programs. Using this library, we have created an improved version of Michael Eisen's well-known Cluster program for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux/Unix. In addition, we generated a Python and a Perl interface to the C Clustering Library, thereby combining the flexibility of a scripting language with the speed of C. AVAILABILITY The C Clustering Library and the corresponding Python C extension module Pycluster were released under the Python License, while the Perl module Algorithm::Cluster was released under the Artistic License. The GUI code Cluster 3.0 for Windows, Macintosh and Linux/Unix, as well as the corresponding command-line program, were released under the same license as the original Cluster code. The complete source code is available at http://bonsai.ims. u-tokyo.ac. jp/mdehoon/software/cluster. Alternatively, Algorithm::Cluster can be downloaded from CPAN, while Pycluster is also available as part of the Biopython distribution.
A Contention-Sensitive Multi-Resource Locking Protocol for Multiprocessor Real-Time Systems

Recent work on real-time multiprocessor synchronization has produced several locking-protocol variants that support fine-grained lock nesting with asymptotically optimal worst-case blocking bounds. However, in such work, contention for each resource has been considered an unconstrained variable. This paper presents a new fine-grained multiprocessor real-time locking protocol with contention-sensitive worst-case blocking, which dominates prior work analytically. This improvement is made possible by incorporating the maximum critical section length, which must be known a priori for analysis, into the lock logic. A spin-based variant of the proposed protocol is prototyped, and observed lock and unlock overheads are less than 0. 5μs on a quad-core machine. Such overheads are likely sufficiently small to be practical in many systems.
Extracting route patterns of vessels from AIS data by using topic model

Automatic Identification System (AIS) provides realtime information of moving vessels in the sea of the whole world. The AIS data can be exploited for vessel tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management and maritime surveillance. Although the AIS data accumulated from vessels over the area of interest may become a very large amount, clustering of these AIS data leads to benefit of knowledge discovery of maritime traffic and detection of abnormal events. On the other side, in the realm of machine learning and natural language processing, topic model provides novel approaches for extracting the topics that are implicit in massive and unstructured collection of documents. The most common implementation of topic model is LDA algorithm. From these facts, we are seized to apply topic model to solve route extraction problem. In this paper, we will describe our approach for route extraction from AIS data by using vector quantization and topic model at first. Then we will show some experimental results of route patterns extraction with a practical AIS data set.
Workplace challenges in corporate America: differences in black and white

Purpose – This article aims to provide a qualitative analysis of the diversity management challenges of professionals in corporate America. A specific focus is on the differential outcomes of women and ethnic minorities and their equal employment opportunities in the workplace.Design/methodology/approach – This paper examined the workplace experiences of 42 African‐American and Caucasian men and women in corporate America. Semi‐structured interviews were held to discover diversity management issues unique to these groups.Findings – It was found that challenges supported a priori assertions of organizational culture, discrimination/stereotyping, and human capital investments. Each of these challenges impacted members in qualitatively different ways that may account for the variability in work experiences and outcomes. While there were some consistent themes, the findings demonstrated significant within race and between gender differences.Research limitations/implications – Qualitative studies provide in‐de.
Coupled structure-from-motion and 3D symmetry detection for urban facades

Repeated structures are ubiquitous in urban facades. Such repetitions lead to ambiguity in establishing correspondences across sets of unordered images. A decoupled structure-from-motion reconstruction followed by symmetry detection often produces errors: outputs are either noisy and incomplete, or even worse, appear to be valid but actually have a wrong number of repeated elements. We present an optimization framework for extracting repeated elements in images of urban facades, while simultaneously calibrating the input images and recovering the 3D scene geometry using a graph-based global analysis. We evaluate the robustness of the proposed scheme on a range of challenging examples containing widespread repetitions and nondistinctive features. These image sets are common but cannot be handled well with state-of-the-art methods. We show that the recovered symmetry information along with the 3D geometry enables a range of novel image editing operations that maintain consistency across the images.
Psychophysiology to Assess Impact of Varying Levels of Simulation Fidelity in a Threat Environment

There are many virtual environments found in the serious game community that simulate real world scenarios. There is a broad range of fidelity and experimental controls among these serious games. An important component to most evaluations is the extent to which level of fidelity impacts the persons immersed in the serious game. While a great deal of virtual environment and serious game research has assessed the subjective state or feeling of the participant (e.g., the participant's sense of presence) through the use of questionnaires, the current study examines participant experience by examining psychophysiological responses of participants to their surroundings. The primary goal in this study was evaluative: will a virtual environment with arousing contents result in increased sensory arousal if it is presented in a highly immersive configuration? A secondary goal of this study was to investigate the utility of our environment to offer varying levels of stimulus threat to impact the user's experience of the virtual environment. Increased simulation fidelity in an arousing environment resulted in faster heart rates and increased startle eyeblink amplitudes, suggesting that higher fidelity scenarios had great efficacy related to sensory arousal.
Disciplinary Logics in Doctoral Admissions: Understanding Patterns of Faculty Evaluation

Ph.D. attainment rates by race and gender vary widely across the disciplines, and previous research has found disciplinary variation in graduate admissions criteria and practices. To better understand how disciplines shape admissions preferences and practices, which in turn may shape student access to graduate education, this article uncovers disciplinary patterns of faculty evaluation in doctoral admissions. Building on our knowledge of disciplinary cultures, I conducted comparative ethnographic case studies of doctoral admissions in ten highly selective programs in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, including 86 interviews with 68 participants and 22 hours of admissions committee observations. In this article, I analyze patterns of faculty evaluation evident in three programs representing two high-consensus disciplines, economics and philosophy. Their prevailing theories, epistemologies, methodologies, and practical priorities each have a formative influence on judgments of applicants and the conduct of admissions decision making. I propose that institutionalized disciplinary assumptions are the basis for disciplinary logics: models of rationality by which faculty legitimize in-group standards of quality and evaluative practice that outsiders may deem contestable.
Decades of research in drug targeting to the upper gastrointestinal tract using gastroretention technologies: where do we stand?

Abstract A major constraint in oral controlled release drug delivery is that not all the drug candidates are absorbed uniformly throughout the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Drugs having “absorption window” are absorbed in a particular portion of GIT only or are absorbed to a different extent in various segments of the GIT. Thus, only the drug released in the region preceding and in close vicinity to the absorption window is available for absorption. The drug must be released from the dosage form in solution form; otherwise, it is generally not absorbed. Hence, much research has been dedicated to the development of gastroretentive drug delivery systems that may optimize the bioavailability and subsequent therapeutic efficacy of such drugs, as these systems have unique properties to bypass the gastric emptying process. These systems show excellent in vitro results but fail to give desirable in vivo performance. During the last 2–3 decades, researchers from the academia and industries are giving considerable importance in this field. Unfortunately, till date, few so-called gastroretentive dosage forms have been brought to the market in spite of numerous academic publications. The manuscript considers strategies that are commonly used in the development of gastroretentive drug delivery systems with a special attention on various parameters, which needs to be monitored during formulation development.
Incremental SVM Model for Spam Detection on Dynamic Email Social Networks

Recently, the huge number of email spams has caused serious problems in essential email communication. Traditional spam filters aim at analyzing email content to characterize the features that are commonly included in spams. However, it is observed that crafty tricks designed to avoid content-based filters will be endless owing to the economic benefits of sending spams. In view of this situation, there has been much research effort toward doing spam detection based on the reputation of senders rather than what is contained in emails. Motivated by the fact that spammers are prone to have unusual behavior and specific patterns of email communication, exploring email social networks to detect spams has received much attention. Nevertheless, previous works generally suffer from two problems: (1) the system is not robust in diverse environments, and (2) no update scheme is provided to catch the feature changes of evolving networks. In this paper, we propose an incremental support vector machine (SVM) model for spam detection on dynamic email social networks. A complete spam detection system MailNET is devised to better adjust to diverse networks. Several features of each user in the network are extracted to train an SVM model. Moreover, to catch the evolving nature of email communication, we present an incremental update scheme to efficiently re-train an SVM model. We evaluate MailNET on a live data set from a university-scale email server and show that the proposed model is efficient and effective, thus applicable to the real world.
Proximate Time-Optimal Digital Control for Synchronous Buck DC–DC Converters

This paper introduces an approach to near time-optimal control for synchronous buck dc-dc converters. The proposed proximate time-optimal digital (PTOD) controller is a combination of a constant-frequency pulsewidth modulation (PWM) controller employing a linear PID compensator close to a reference point, and a linear or nonlinear switching surface controller (SSC) away from the reference, together with smooth transitions between the two. A hybrid capacitor current estimator enables switching surface evaluation and eliminates the need for current sensing. The SSC, which is implemented as a small Verilog HDL module, can be easily added to an existing digital PWM controller to construct the PTOD controller. In steady state, the controller operates exactly the same as a standard constant-frequency PWM controller with a linear PID compensator. Simulation and experimental results are shown for a 6.5 V-to-1.3 V, 10A synchronous buck converter.
Intervening with Severely and Chronically Neglected Children and their Families: The Contribution of Trauma‐Informed Approaches

Many clinicians and researchers have proposed considering child abuse and neglect from a traumatic stress perspective to better understand how they so profoundly impact child development. According to this perspective, child maltreatment (both child abuse and neglect) is viewed as a chronic interpersonal trauma which may severely interfere with normal developmental processes, often resulting in long-lasting behavioural, emotional and psychophysiological dysregulations. In this paper, we summarise theoretical and empirical literature addressing the traumatic nature of child neglect, with a specific focus on short-term consequences of neglect in childhood. We then give an overview of some key intervention elements stemming from trauma-informed approaches with traumatised children and their families.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ‘We summarise theoretical and empirical literature addressing the traumatic nature of child neglect’ Key Practitioner Messages Child neglect is viewed as a chronic interpersonal trauma which may severely interfere with normal developmental processes, often resulting in long-lasting behavioural, emotional and psychophysiological dysregulations. Key intervention guidelines stemming from trauma-informed approaches include: A detailed assessment of the child's trauma history and characteristics Providing a safe environment for the child Helping the child build feelings of emotional security Improving parental sensitivity Developing child emotional self-regulation Offering emotional therapeutic support to the parent.
Validation of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory–II (CEI–II) Among Chinese University Students in Hong Kong

This study aimed at validating the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory–II (CEI–II; Kashdan et al., 2009) in a Chinese context. A total of 294 Chinese first-year undergraduate students in Hong Kong completed the CEI–II and measures of satisfaction with university life, the Big Five personality traits, and human values. The results of exploratory structural equation modeling, parallel analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis supported a 1-factor solution and did not replicate the original 2-factor structure. Time invariance of the 1-factor structure was obtained among 242 participants who completed the questionnaires again after 4 months. The latent means and correlation indicated that curiosity as measured by the CEI–II was quite stable over the period of investigation. The CEI–II was found to be positively correlated with satisfaction with university life, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and openness to change values, but negatively with neuroticism and conservation values. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that the CEI–II score had incremental validity above and beyond the Big Five personality traits in predicting human values and satisfaction with university life.
Attentional deficits in patients with closed head injury: a further study to the discriminative validity of the test of everyday attention

This study aimed to explore the attentional performance of patients with closed head injury (CHI) and to examine the discriminative validity of the Test of Everyday Attention (TEA) in this clinical population. A sample of 21 patients with CHI was recruited for this study. Another sample of matched controls was also recruited for comparison. In addition, other clinical tests of attention and questionnaires on everyday life cognitive failures were also given to the participants during the assessment session. The results showed that patients with CHI exhibited significant differences in most of the TEA subtests, as well as clinical tests of attention, as compared with the matched controls. These findings suggest that the majority of the TEA subtests are able to discriminate out those patients with attentional deficits from the normal population in terms of sustained attention, selective attention, divided attention, and attentional switching.
Physiological effects of high‐altitude trekking on gonadal, thyroid hormones and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) responses in young lowlander women

Altitude hypoxia is often associated with impairment of human reproduction. In this study, hormones and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF, a proinflammatory cytokine with key roles in human reproduction) were determined in seven regularly menstruating, lowlander native women living at sea level participating in 14 days of trekking at moderate and high altitude. Blood and saliva samples were collected from each subject at high altitude (5050 m a.s.l. [above sea level]), and at sea level before and after the expedition. Testosterone level was lowered by high altitude and was restored after the end of the expedition, while progesterone decreased significantly in all participants at the end of the expedition, although most of the participants were in the luteal phase. The salivary concentration of MIF decreased greatly at altitude, but its levels were completely restored after the return to sea level. Our findings showed high sensitivity and rapid changes in the determined parameters in response to the high‐altitude hypoxic environment, particularly MIF.
Concurrent Validity of the KAIT for Students in Grade Six and Eight

Thirty 6th- and 30 8th-grade students were administered the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISGIII) in counterbalanced order. The tests yielded similar mean IQs. Correlations between the KAIT Composite and WISC-III Full Scale IQ and between the KAIT Crystallized and WISCIII Verbal IQ were strong; correlations between the KAIT Fluid and WISC-III Performance IQ were moderately strong. Sixth-grade WISC-III IQs were more variable than KAIT IQs, and the WISC-III yielded lower minimum IQs for the 6th-grade, but not the 8th-grade, sample. The WISCIII may be preferable to the KAIT for 6th graders because it has an ample number of easy items at that age level. The KAIT and WISCIII correlated about equally well with California Achievement Test scores.
Fostering Workplace Learning: Looking through the Lens of Apprenticeship

This article argues that researching the lived reality of apprenticeship in contemporary workplaces provides a useful lens through which workplace learning more generally can be examined. Drawing on data from a 3-year study of the social and pedagogical relationships between apprentices and older workers in the English steel industry, the article proposes that, building on Engeström's work, an ‘expansive’ as opposed to a ‘restrictive’ approach to apprenticeship will not only deliver the broader goals being set for apprenticeship programmes around the world, but will also foster workplace learning. The article offers a critique of Lave and Wenger's novice to expert conceptualisation of apprenticeship and, using data from employee learning logs, argues that pedagogical relationships between apprentices and older workers need to be better understood. A conceptual framework for analysing the relationship between organisational culture and history, work organisation, and workplace learning is provided.
Through a Glass Darkly: Schizophrenia and Functional Brain Imaging

Abstract:Functional neuroimaging frequently assumes anatomically and functionally specific "modules" in the brain. Schizophrenia, which is challenging in many ways, also challenges modularity. A prominent example of a modular hypothesis links working memory (WM) deficits in schizophrenia with decreased function in the prefrontal cortex, a result confirmed in several studies. Nonetheless, these studies are systematically blind to the alternative possibility that schizophrenia reflects dysfunction in broader, more distributed systems of the brain. However, to establish hypotheses about distributed cognition in health and illness requires new interpretations of functional neuroimaging. Modularity can be assessed by large-scale meta-analyses of neuroimaging studies, illustrated here through the on-line database, Brainmap (www.brainmap.org). The apparent association of WM and prefrontal cortex fades when one considers all areas engaged in WM, and all tasks associated with prefrontal cortex. In addition, several global measures of connectivity based in functional neuroimaging may provide measures of distributed dysfunction. For example, Independent Component Analysis reveals unusual oscillations in distributed networks in patients with schizophrenia.
Churches as Political Communities

Most studies of contextual influences on political attitudes and behavior have treated geographical areas as the operative social environment. As early research on social influence processes noted, the conditions that promote consensus among inhabitants of a common environment are likely to be present in formal organizations that encourage face-to-face interaction. Churches possess many of the characteristics that should maximize behavioral contagion and are thus fertile ground for the dissemination of common political outlooks. This expectation is tested by assessing the link between theological and political conservatism in 21 Protestant congregations. The theological climate in the churches is found to contribute strongly to the members' political conservatism over and above the personal commitment of respondents to traditional Christian values and a variety of social and attitudinal variables. As churches constitute the single most widespread form of voluntary organizational affiliation in the United States, their potential political impact appears to be considerable.
Spouses' perceptions of persons with aphasia

Spouses' perceptions of 21 persons with aphasia and of 25 controls were measured with the Adjective Check List (ACL, Gough & Heilbrun, 1983). Results suggest that persons with aphasia are perceived differently from controls on the following scales: likeability, achievement, endurance, order, and succorance. Also, wives of men with and without aphasia differ on the scales of achievement and endurance. Descriptive results suggest a different experience of being a spouse of a person with aphasia compared to being a spouse of a person without aphasia. Moreover, there also appears to be a difference in being a husband or a wife of a person with aphasia. The adjectives used more frequently to describe persons with aphasia were favourable ones. The changed abilities of persons with aphasia and their familial and social environments may underlie the findings. Gender, time postonset, the type of measure used, and the therapeutic situation need to be considered when studying psychosocial aspects of aphasia.