Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Soccer Talent Development Systems in England and Canada

The purpose of this study was to compare provision for the development of elite soccer players in England and Canada. Data were collected via documentary analysis, fieldwork and formal and informal interviews with Canadian and English youth coaches (N= 12). The respective soccer talent development systems were compared in terms of their normative, institutional, mental states and environmental patterns (Holmes, 1991). Comparative findings showed that the soccer national governing body was responsible for talent development in Canada, whereas professional clubs assumed the primary role in the English system. Canadian coaches possessed more formal education than their English counterparts, but English coaches experienced more inservice coach education than the Canadians. There appeared to be certain discrepancies between the values of coaches and institutional level policies within each of the systems. Suggestions for future research and practice in talent development arising from this cross-cultural comparison are presented.
The use of central regional anesthesia techniques in Sweden: results of a nation‐wide survey

Background: Epidural and subarachnoid anesthesia are well established central regional techniques for surgical anesthesia. TWO additional techniques, combined spinal epidural (CSE) block and continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA), have recently become popular. However, data on nation‐wide use of central regional blocks are not available.
3 D omnistereo panorama generation from a monocular video sequence

An interesting part in computer vision is to generate 3D video from traditional 2D video. To achieve this, first we need to understand how to use a single monocular camera to generate a 3D scene sensation. We call this 3D scene ‘stereo panorama’. In paper[1], Shmuel Peleg and his fellows proposed a new approach to generate a stereo panorama by using only a single video camera rotate about an axis behind its lens based on the principle of X-slit camera in paper[2]. Specifically, the stereo panorama images is obtained by pasting together strips taken from each image in the video sequence. However, they did not specify how to choose the specific strip width and the location of each strip, how the parameters in use will affect the 3D sensation. And they didn’t give a benchmark on how to recognize the stereo image pair’s quality. The strip width chosen is obviously related with the camera rotating speed. And the location of each strip is related with disparity. However, in this report, I will use a ‘Virtual speed’ rather than actual speed of camera to determine the strip width and present the relationship between visual speed and actual speed. And analyze the location of each strip in accordance with the actual 3D sensation of the stereo panorama images. Also, I will give my benchmark on how to distinguish the stereo image’s quality. Keyword: computer vision, stereo panorama, X-slit camera, parameters, disparity
Multiplex PCR for Direct Detection of Shiga Toxigenic Escherichia coli Strains Producing the Novel Subtilase Cytotoxin

ABSTRACT We have recently described a novel AB5 subtilase cytotoxin produced by certain Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) strains. This potentially lethal toxin may contribute to severe gastrointestinal and systemic disease in humans. In this study we have developed a trivalent PCR assay for the detection of the novel toxin A subunit gene subA, as well as stx1 and stx2. The three primer pairs used in the assay do not interfere with each other and generate amplification products of 556, 180, and 255 bp, respectively. The assay can be used for determining the toxin genotype of STEC isolates, as well as for direct detection of toxin genes in primary fecal culture extracts.
A Deadline-Constrained 802.11 MAC Protocol With QoS Differentiation for Soft Real-Time Control

As one of the most widely used wireless network technologies, IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs) have found a dramatically increasing number of applications in soft real-time networked control systems (NCSs). To fulfill the real-time requirements in such NCSs, most of the bandwidth of the wireless networks need to be allocated to high-priority data for periodic measurements and control with deadline requirements. However, existing quality of service (QoS)-enabled 802.11 medium access control (MAC) protocols do not consider the deadline requirements explicitly, leading to unpredictable deadline performance of NCS networks. Consequentially, the soft real-time requirements of the periodic traffic may not be satisfied, particularly under congested network conditions. This paper makes two main contributions to address this problem in wireless NCSs. A deadline-constrained MAC protocol with QoS differentiation is presented for IEEE 802.11 soft real-time NCSs. It handles periodic traffic by developing two specific mechanisms, a contention-sensitive backoff mechanism and an intra-traffic-class QoS differentiation mechanism. A theoretical model is established to describe the deadline-constrained MAC protocol and evaluate its performance of throughput, delay, and packet-loss ratio in wireless NCSs. Numerical studies are conducted to validate the accuracy of the theoretical model and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new MAC protocol.
Evidence of Student Attendance as an Independent Variable in Education Production Functions.

Most studies of student performance that use the production function or input-output approach do not consider student attendance as an independent variable. Data from Baltimore public elementary schools indicate that student attendance is positively and significantly related to standardized achievement test performance. Consistent with other studies, the importance of the socioeconomic status of the students and the lack of a positive influence of school input measures such as the teacher/pupil ratio and expenditure per pupil are apparent.
AutoDockFR: Advances in Protein-Ligand Docking with Explicitly Specified Binding Site Flexibility

Automated docking of drug-like molecules into receptors is an essential tool in structure-based drug design. While modeling receptor flexibility is important for correctly predicting ligand binding, it still remains challenging. This work focuses on an approach in which receptor flexibility is modeled by explicitly specifying a set of receptor side-chains a-priori. The challenges of this approach include the: 1) exponential growth of the search space, demanding more efficient search methods; and 2) increased number of false positives, calling for scoring functions tailored for flexible receptor docking. We present AutoDockFR–AutoDock for Flexible Receptors (ADFR), a new docking engine based on the AutoDock4 scoring function, which addresses the aforementioned challenges with a new Genetic Algorithm (GA) and customized scoring function. We validate ADFR using the Astex Diverse Set, demonstrating an increase in efficiency and reliability of its GA over the one implemented in AutoDock4. We demonstrate greatly increased success rates when cross-docking ligands into apo receptors that require side-chain conformational changes for ligand binding. These cross-docking experiments are based on two datasets: 1) SEQ17 –a receptor diversity set containing 17 pairs of apo-holo structures; and 2) CDK2 –a ligand diversity set composed of one CDK2 apo structure and 52 known bound inhibitors. We show that, when cross-docking ligands into the apo conformation of the receptors with up to 14 flexible side-chains, ADFR reports more correctly cross-docked ligands than AutoDock Vina on both datasets with solutions found for 70.6% vs. 35.3% systems on SEQ17, and 76.9% vs. 61.5% on CDK2. ADFR also outperforms AutoDock Vina in number of top ranking solutions on both datasets. Furthermore, we show that correctly docked CDK2 complexes re-create on average 79.8% of all pairwise atomic interactions between the ligand and moving receptor atoms in the holo complexes. Finally, we show that down-weighting the receptor internal energy improves the ranking of correctly docked poses and that runtime for AutoDockFR scales linearly when side-chain flexibility is added.
Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. Second Edition

anism but some (e.g., C. gemmisporum Carpenter) have undifferentiated ascal apices. The fungus is apparent ly nonparasi t ic , entirely superficial except for a slight incursion into the subepidermis , where the fungal tissue is sharply l imited to the immedia te area o f rupture. The whole aggregate, including gelatinous "ha lo" surrounding the apothec ium, is easily r e m o v e d intact f rom the substrate.
Prediction of Academic Performance among Chinese Students: Effort Can Compensate for Lack of Ability

Previous studies appear to show that effort was strongly emphasized by Chinese students. The present study examined the issue by asking subjects to predict the performance of hypothetical students whose effort, ability, and study skill levels were given. The way these various pieces of information were integrated and the relative importance of each of them were analyzed using the information integration model (Anderson, 1981). The subjects were 609 Chinese students at various educational levels and 102 teachers in Hong Kong. Results showed that Chinese students tended to use either the adding or the averaging rules, but not the multiplying rule. This supported the notion that Chinese students believed greater effort could compensate for the lack of ability.
Emerging Roles of Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing Regulation in Neuronal Development and Function

Alternative pre-mRNA splicing has the potential to greatly diversify the repertoire of transcripts in multicellular organisms. Increasing evidence suggests that this expansive layer of gene regulation plays a particularly important role in the development and function of the nervous system, one of the most complex organ systems found in nature. In this review, we highlight recent studies that continue to emphasize the influence and contribution of alternative splicing regulation to various aspects of neuronal development in addition to its role in the mature nervous system.
Improved recommendation based on collaborative tagging behaviors

Considering the natural tendency of people to follow direct or indirect cues of other people's activities, collaborative filtering-based recommender systems often predict the utility of an item for a particular user according to previous ratings by other similar users. Consequently, effective searching for the most related neighbors is critical for the success of the recommendations. In recent years, collaborative tagging systems with social bookmarking as their key component from the suite of Web 2.0 technologies allow users to freely bookmark and assign semantic descriptions to various shared resources on the web. While the list of favorite web pages indicates the interests or taste of each user, the assigned tags can further provide useful hints about what a user thinks of the pages. In this paper, we propose a new collaborative filtering approach TBCF (Tag-based Collaborative Filtering) based on the semantic distance among tags assigned by different users to improve the effectiveness of neighbor selection. That is, two users could be considered similar not only if they rated the items similarly, but also if they have similar cognitions over these items. We tested TBCF on real-life datasets, and the experimental results show that our approach has significant improvement against the traditional cosine-based recommendation method while leveraging user input not explicitly targeting the recommendation system.
REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE COUPLED WITH THE OXYHYDROGEN REACTION IN ALGAE

1. Unicellular algae possessing a hydrogenase system (Scenedesmus and other species), and having been adapted by anaerobic incubation to the hydrogen metabolism, reduce oxygen to water according to the equation O2 + 2H2 → 2H2O. 2. The oxyhydrogen reaction proceeds undisturbed only in the presence of carbon dioxide, which simultaneously is reduced according to the equation CO2 + 2H2 → H2O + (CH2O) = (carbohydrate). 3. The maximum yield of the induced reduction is one-half molecule of carbon dioxide reduced for each molecule of oxygen absorbed. 4. Partial reactions are recognizable in the course of the formation of water and it is with the absorption of the second equivalent of hydrogen that the carbon dioxide reduction appears to be coupled. 5. The velocity of the reaction increases in proportion to the partial pressure of oxygen, but only up to a certain point where any excess of oxygen causes the inactivation of the hydrogenase system. The reaction then ends prematurely. 6. During the oxyhydrogen reaction little or no oxygen is consumed for normal respiratory processes. 7. Small concentrations of cyanide, affecting neither photosynthesis nor photoreduction in the same cells, first inhibit the induced reduction of carbon dioxide and then lead to a complete inactivation of the hydrogenase system. 8. Hydroxylamine, added after adaptation, has either no inhibitory effect at all, or prevents solely the induced reduction of carbon dioxide without inactivating the hydrogenase system. 9. Dinitrophenol prevents the dark reduction of carbon dioxide while the reduction of oxygen continues to the formation of water. 10. Glucose diminishes the absorption of hydrogen, probably in its capacity as a competing hydrogen donor. 11. The induced reduction of carbon dioxide can be described as an oxido-reduction similar to that produced photochemically in the same cells.
France and Islam in West Africa, 1860–1960: Conclusion

Acknowledgements Abbreviations Map 1. Introduction Part I. 1850-1989: Nineteenth-century origins of French Islamic policy: 2. French Islamic policy in Senegal and Algeria Part II. 1898-1912: The Fear of Islam: 3. The fear of Islam 4. Education policy and Islam 5. French Islamic policy in crisis: the Futa Jallon 1909-1912 Part III. French Scholarship and the Definition of Islam Noir: 6. Scholar-administrators and the definition of Islam Noir 7. The First World War Part IV 1920-1940: The French Stake in Islam Noir: 8. Post-war attitudes to Islam 9. The French stake in Islam 10. The 'rediscovery' of Islam 11. Epilogue 1940-1960 12. Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index.
The Incidence of Phonological Competence on the Morpho-Syntax of Children With Specific Language Impairment: A Longitudinal Study

The aim of this dissertation is to describe the specific speech characteristics of children with specific language impairment (SLI) and relate them to difficulties with other language components, according to a developmental point of view. In accordance with Leonard's (1998) Surface Hypothesis, I describe the characteris tics of the phonological component of these children's speech and then establish the relationship between their phonological and morphosyntactic deficits. To achieve these objectives, two samples (at age 3;6 and 4;6) of language by five Spanish-Catalan children with SLI were compared with language samples from two control groups: (i) age controls and (ii) language-level controls meas ured by the Mean Length of Utterance in words (MLU-w). Each group was made up of five children. Data were then transcribed and coded according to the CHILDES project (MacWhinney (2000)). The results showed a delay in the phonetic-phonological component in SLI children at both points in time, especially with the easiest elements, such as CV, vowels, stops, and nasals, at 3 years of age and with elements of medium com plexity, such as CVC, CCV, nasals, and liquids, at 4 years of age. The most char acteristic errors these children made were weak syllabic omission at age 3 and cluster reduction and coda omission at age 4. Moreover, the results showed that the characteristic speech profile of children with SLI changed as they grew older, the differences between them and the MLU-w control group increased with age, and progress developed from word level to syllabic level and then to segmental level.
Construction and analysis of easily fold-able processes for computer-aided origami

This paper proposes an approach to constructing instructional contents of origami that beginners are able to comprehend easily and perform folding operations naturally. First, we explain an instruction model which records processes of folding operations. In order to identify the process which can be folded most easily, multiple ways of processes are simulated and are constructed in the instruction model. Second, a method for simplifying the folding process presented in instruction diagrams published in common origami drill books is described. The method is provided to standardize notations of the instruction diagrams designed by various origami creators. Third, a method for analyzing the complexity of the existing process and constructing the more easily fold-able process by adding the "pre-creasing" operation before complex operations is proposed. Finally, in order to save labor expended to construct the processes, a support tool of editing instructional data is developed.
Expression of Dihydropyridine and Ryanodine Receptors in Type IIA Fibers of Rat Skeletal Muscle

In this study, the fiber type specificity of dihydropyridine receptors (DHPRs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in different rat limb muscles was investigated. Western blot and histochemical analyses provided for the first time evidence that the expression of both receptors correlates to a specific myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition. We observed a significant (p=0.01) correlation between DHP as well as Ry receptor density and the expression of MHC IIa (correlation factor r=0.674 and r=0.645, respectively) in one slow-twitch, postural muscle (m. soleus), one mixed, fast-twitch muscle (m. gastrocnemius) and two fast-twitch muscles (m. rectus femoris, m. extensor digitorum longus). The highest DHP and Ry receptor density was found in the white part of m. rectus femoris (0.058±0.0060 and 0.057±0.0158 ODu, respectively). As expected, the highest relative percentage of MHC IIa was also found in the white part of m. rectus femoris (70.0±7.77%). Furthermore, histochemical experiments revealed that the IIA fibers stained most strongly for the fluorophore-conjugated receptor blockers. Our data clearly suggest that the expression of DHPRs and RyRs follows a fiber type-specific pattern, indicating an important role for these proteins in the maintenance of an effective Ca2+ cycle in the fast contracting fiber type IIA.
Can social workers and police be partners when dealing with bikie-gang related domestic violence and sexual assault?

Welfare and criminal justice systems manifest different goals, cultures, values and working methods. In Australia, the welfare sector has a culture of empowerment and concern for victims’ rights, within which social workers focus on social justice and social change. In contrast, the criminal justice sector (police) is patriarchal and para-military in structure, focusing on enforcing and maintaining community order and safety. These differences can create tension when social workers and police need to work as partners in response to violence against women, in particular violence against women from bikie gangs. This article addresses the issue of partnerships between social workers and police when working with abused bikie-gang women. It presents the findings of recent research into social work practice with such women in South Australia, in conjunction with a brief exploration of the international literature on social work and police cultures, and partnerships. It concludes that whilst there is a great need for genuine collaboration and partnership between social workers and police in the complex context of domestic violence with links to organised crime, the cultures and mandates of these different professions make this difficult.
Canal projection using gutta-percha points: A novel technique for pre-endodontic buildup of grossly destructed tooth

The use of Projector Endodontic Instrument Guidance System (PEIGS) during endodontic treatment of grossly mutilated tooth facilitates projection of canal orifices from the floor of the pulp chamber to the cavosurface, providing direct visualization and access to the projected canals. Alternatives, such as hypodermic needles as sleeves, were tried successfully with similar outcome. The aim of this case report is to describe a simpler, easily available, economical, yet an effective alternative technique to conventional PEIGS during the pre-endodontic management of grossly destructed tooth. These case reports demonstrate the use of greater tapered gutta-percha points that are easily available and more economical than PEIGS for the successful management of a badly destructed tooth.
Genericity and Adaptability Issues for Task-Independent Speech Recognition

The last decade has witnessed major advances in core speech recognition technology,with today’s systems able to recognize continuous speech from many speakers without the need for an explicit enrollment procedure. Despite these improvements, speech recognition is far from being a solved problem. Most recognition systems are tuned to a particular task and porting the system to another task or language is both time-consuming and expensive. Our recent work addresses issues in speech recognizer portability, with the goal of developing generic core speech recognition technology. In this paper, we first assess the genericity of wide domain models by evaluating performance on several tasks. Then, transparent methods are used to adapt generic acoustic and language models to a specific task. Unsupervised acoustic models adaptation is contrasted with supervised adaptation, and a systemin-loop scheme for incremental unsupervised acoustic and linguistic models adaptation is investigated. Experiments on a spontaneous dialog task show that with the proposed scheme, a transparently adapted generic system can perform nearly as well (about a 1% absolute gap in word error rates) as a task-specific system trained on several tens of hours of manually transcribed data.
Both Spike and Background Genes Contribute to Murine Coronavirus Neurovirulence

ABSTRACT Various strains of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) exhibit different pathogenic phenotypes. Infection with the A59 strain of MHV induces both encephalitis and hepatitis, while the highly neurovirulent JHM strain induces a fatal encephalitis with little, if any, hepatitis. The pathogenic phenotype for each strain is determined by the genetic composition of the viral genome, as well as the host immune response. Using isogenic recombinant viruses with A59 background genes differing only in the spike gene, we have previously shown that high neurovirulence is associated with the JHM spike protein, the protein responsible for attachment to the host cell receptor (J. J. Phillips, M. M. Chua, G. F. Rall, and S. R. Weiss, Virology 301:109-120, 2002). Using another set of isogenic recombinant viruses with JHM background genes expressing either the JHM or A59 spike, we have further investigated the roles of viral genes in pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that the high neurovirulence of JHM is associated with accelerated spread through the brain and a heightened innate immune response that is characterized by high numbers of infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages, suggesting an immunopathogenic component to neurovirulence. While expression of the JHM spike is sufficient to confer a neurovirulent phenotype, as well as increased macrophage infiltration, background genes contribute to virulence as well, at least in part, by dictating the extent of the T-cell immune response.