Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innervation and blood supply of the antler pedicle of the Red deer.

Abstract Dissection of the heads of 12 male Red deer revealed that the innervation and blood supply of the antler resembles those in the goat, in that the infratrochlear and zygomaticotemporal nerves supply the antler pedicle accompanied by two main branches of the superficial temporal artery and vein. Analgesia of the antler should be produced by injecting local anaesthetic solution both dorsal to the orbital rim and immediately caudal to the zygomatic process of the frontal bone.
Patient and Family Caregiver Decision Making in the Context of Advanced Cancer

Background: A basic tenet of palliative care is to maintain an individual’s control over the dying process. However, when decline occurs quickly, as may be the case in advanced cancer, transition of responsibility for illness management to a family caregiver may become necessary when care takes place in the home. Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the decision-making process that occurs between a dying individual and his or her family caregiver. Methods: Participants in this grounded theory study were selected by purposive and theoretical sampling methods. Data were collected and analyzed using a constant comparison approach. Results: The core category covering captured the inordinate efforts taken by informal caregivers to ensure that their family member would be able to die in the manner of his or her choosing. The basic social process, dancing on the stairs, chronicled the families’ decision-making process as they navigated through this delicate and precarious end stage of life. Conclusions: Dancing on the stairs required a close relationship between 2 people who were willing to remain engaged with each other, despite the difficulties they faced. This decision-making process may be applicable to other health care transitions in people’s lives that need to be managed with another person. Implications for Practice: Palliative care education for nurses in all care health settings may ease transitions for end-stage patients. Health promotion initiatives designed to educate the lay public about advance directives and end-stage illness management in a home setting may help to prepare family caregivers for their future responsibilities.
An efficient image automatic tagging method based on a subject area

Through the development of social media, we need technology to search for images created at a rapid rate. Generally searching for images can be done by users inserting tag information into the images. This study suggests a system that is to insert tag information automatically by using trained data when new images enter. A suggested system, region of interest is selected in the images and it is divided into many blocks. Histogram is made by computing Local Binary Pattern for each blocks. computed histograms are connected with each other, which is used as feature vectors, and it is trained at random forests. Each feature vectors having strong on rotation, are created by computed each histogram don by Discrete Fourier Transforms. In the same way, feature vectors are created when new images enter; then, by using Random Forest, images can be expected which categories they are involved in. Tags for certain categories are collected from tag pool and tags are automatically inserted by calculation of weighting. Performance is evaluated after a comparative experimental study between a proposed system and an existing tagging system.
Novel Mediators of Amyloid Precursor Protein Signaling

Multiple recent reports implicate amyloid precursor protein (APP) signaling in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, but the APP-dependent signaling network involved has not been defined. Here, we report a novel consensus sequence for interaction with the PDZ-1 and PDZ-2 domains of the APP-interacting proteins Mint1, Mint2, and Mint3 (X11α, X11β, and X11γ), and multiple novel interactors for these proteins, with the finding that transcriptional coactivators are highly represented among these interactors. Furthermore, we show that Mint3 interaction with a set of the transcriptional coactivators leads to nuclear localization and transactivation, whereas interaction of the same set with Mint1 or Mint2 prevents nuclear localization and transactivation. These results define new mediators of the signal transduction network mediated by APP.
A low-power second-order double-sampling delta-sigma modulator for audio applications

This paper proposes a low-power double-sampling delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulator for audio applications. The proposed modulator adopts a second-order cascade of integrators feedforward type and employs an adaptive current saving scheme for the low power operation. The adaptive current control logic senses the output transition of integrator and controls the bias current of operational transconductance amplifiers. The proposed ΔΣ modulator is fabricated using a 0.18-μm CMOS process. The measurement result shows that the power consumption of the proposed ΔΣ modulator is reduced from 2.57 mW to 1.93 mW without sacrificing the signal-to-noise ratio.
Appendices ( not for publication ) Appendix A Risk Sharing with housing

Consider an endowment economy with nondurable and housing goods, C and H respectively. Each time a stochastic event st is drawn from the state space S. The probability of drawing a sequence of states s = (s1, . . . , st) is denoted as π(s ). Individual endowments of housing services and nondurable consumption goods at time t depend on s. Consider the Pareto problem where a social planner maximizes the discounted utility flows of N agents in the economy:
Mechanisms by Which Phenotypic Plasticity Affects Adaptive Divergence and Ecological Speciation

Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of one genotype to produce different phenotypes depending on environmental conditions. Several conceptual models emphasize the role of plasticity in promoting reproductive isolation and, ultimately, speciation in populations that forage on two or more resources. These models predict that plasticity plays a critical role in the early stages of speciation, prior to genetic divergence, by facilitating fast phenotypic divergence. The ability to plastically express alternative phenotypes may, however, interfere with the early phase of the formation of reproductive barriers, especially in the absence of geographic barriers. Here, we quantitatively investigate mechanisms under which plasticity can influence progress toward adaptive genetic diversification and ecological speciation. We use a stochastic, individual-based model of a predator-prey system incorporating sexual reproduction and mate choice in the predator. Our results show that evolving plasticity promotes the evolution of reproductive isolation under diversifying environments when individuals are able to correctly select a more profitable habitat with respect to their phenotypes (i.e., adaptive habitat choice) and to assortatively mate with relatively similar phenotypes. On the other hand, plasticity facilitates the evolution of plastic generalists when individuals have a limited capacity for adaptive habitat choice. We conclude that plasticity can accelerate the evolution of a reproductive barrier toward adaptive diversification and ecological speciation through enhanced phenotypic differentiation between diverging phenotypes.
Immunization with the immediate-early tegument protein (open reading frame 62) of varicella-zoster virus protects guinea pigs against virus challenge

The IE62 protein, the primary regulatory protein of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and the major component of the virion tegument, was an effective immunogen in the guinea pig model of VZV infection, whereas the ORF 29 gene product, a nonstructural DNA replication protein, did not elicit protection. All animals immunized with the ORF 29 protein had cell-associated viremia compared with 2 of 11 guinea pigs given the IE62 protein (P = 0.005). VZV was detected in ganglia from 38% of the animals given the ORF 29 protein and 44% of the control animals compared with 9% of the animals immunized with the IE62 protein (P = 0.04). In contrast to the IE62 protein, immunization with the ORF 29 protein did not prime the animals for an enhanced T-cell response upon challenge with infectious virus. The VZV IE62 protein has potential value as a vaccine component.
Vehicle Detection in Very High Resolution Satellite Images of City Areas

Current traffic research is mostly based on data from fixed-installed sensors like induction loops, bridge sensors, and cameras. Thereby, the traffic flow on main roads can partially be acquired, while data from the major part of the entire road network are not available. Today's optical sensor systems on satellites provide large-area images with 1-m resolution and better, which can deliver complement information to traditional acquired data. In this paper, we present an approach for automatic vehicle detection from optical satellite images. Therefore, hypotheses for single vehicles are generated using adaptive boosting in combination with Haar-like features. Additionally, vehicle queues are detected using a line extraction technique since grouped vehicles are merged to either dark or bright ribbons. Utilizing robust parameter estimation, single vehicles are determined within those vehicle queues. The combination of implicit modeling and the use of a priori knowledge of typical vehicle constellation leads to an enhanced overall completeness compared to approaches which are only based on statistical classification techniques. Thus, a detection rate of over 80% is possible with very high reliability. Furthermore, an approach for movement estimation of the detected vehicle is described, which allows the distinction of moving and stationary traffic. Thus, even an estimate for vehicles' speed is possible, which gives additional information about the traffic condition at image acquisition time.
Control of tubular reactor using finite-based I/O linearization technique

This paper proposes a new control technique for a tubular reactor modeled by first-order hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs). The concept of Input-Output (I/O) linearization technique is extended to apply to hyperbolic PDEs. The finite difference method is applied in the synthesis of the feedback controller, and the online computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is used to predict the state dynamics. The controller is designed to enforce the outputs to follow their corresponding reference trajectories. The performances of the proposed method are simulated with the application of a non-isothermal tubular reactor under the servo and regulatory tests. The results show that the control method successfully forces the output to the desired setpoint.
Preclinical cardiovascular risk assessment in modern drug development.

The new guidelines including the ICH S7A and S7B (Anonymous, 2001, 2004) have brought early safety testing of new pharmaceuticals using pharmacological models into the regulatory spotlight in the past few years. Whereas this was motivated to a large extent by a single safety issue (i.e., the proarrhythmic action of drugs that slow myocardial repolarization), the intent was to provide a comprehensive safety assessment based on pharmacodynamic end points, as opposed to histopathological end points used in traditional toxicity studies. These new guidelines were explicitly designed to protect volunteers and patients involved in clinical trials of new drugs from unexpected, life-threatening effects. As such, the emphasis is on acute, functional effects as opposed to chronic histopathological changes. This important distinction was emphasized by Zbinden (1984) some years ago. However, the implications of such testing gowell beyond this primary goal and can impact on the later use of a drug in the general population and the wish to avoid any adverse effects, even if not life threatening. The clinical importance of safety pharmacological studies should be obvious, but there is also a substantial economic consequence should adverse effects be found that limit the utility of a given agent and thereby restrict its market potential or even require it to be removed from the market. Thus, safety pharmacology has found a place in modern drug discovery and development. One should not forget that cardiovascular testing of drug candidates is not a new endeavor. Testing for effects of new agents on arterial blood pressure and heart rate has been conducted routinely for decades, long before the establishment of these new ICH guidelines. The first real attempt to put together a cohesive testing system resulted in the Japanese Guidelines for Nonclinical Studies of Drugs Manual in 1995 (Anonymous, 1995). In this Japanese Guideline, not only there is a requirement for cardiovascular studies but also related effects on the autonomic nervous system and smooth muscle effects are specifically mentioned. Studies on other organ systems were also recommended in the Japanese Guideline making it a very comprehensive package of studies. One might assume that the newer regulatory requirements for safety testing would attempt to further broaden and intensify these
Do all backbone polar groups in proteins form hydrogen bonds?

Evidence from proteins and peptides supports the conclusion that intrapeptide hydrogen bonds stabilize the folded form of proteins. Paradoxically, evidence from small molecules supports the opposite conclusion, that intrapeptide hydrogen bonds are less favorable than peptide–water hydrogen bonds. A related issue—often lost in this debate about comparing peptide–peptide to peptide– water hydrogen bonds—involves the energetic cost of an unsatisfied hydrogen bond. Here, experiment and theory agree that breaking a hydrogen bond costs between 5 and 6 kcal/mol. Accordingly, the likelihood of finding an unsatisfied hydrogen bond in a protein is insignificant. This realization establishes a powerful rule for evaluating protein conformations.
Kinetics of Recombinant Adenovirus Type 5, Vaccinia Virus, Modified Vaccinia Ankara Virus, and DNA Antigen Expression In Vivo and the Induction of Memory T-Lymphocyte Responses

ABSTRACT While a new generation of vaccine vectors has been developed for eliciting cellular immune responses, little is known about the optimal routes for their administration or about the ramifications of the kinetics of in vivo vaccine antigen expression for immunogenicity. We evaluated the kinetics of vaccine antigen expression by real-time in vivo photon imaging and showed dramatic differences in these kinetics using different vectors and different routes of administration. Further, using a gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot assay to measure T-lymphocyte immune responses, we observed an association between the kinetics of vaccine antigen expression in vivo and the magnitude of vaccine-elicited memory T-lymphocyte responses. These results highlight the utility of the real-time in vivo photon-imaging technology in evaluating novel immunization strategies and suggest an association between the kinetics of vaccine antigen clearance and the magnitude of vaccine-elicited T-lymphocyte memory immune responses.
Isolation of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in monolayers of HmLu-1 cells

Isolation of BCoV was performed in monolayers of HmLu-1 cells, using 20 fecal samples from clinical cases of diarrhea in calves. Samples were positive for BCoV by means of hemagglutination / hemagglutination inhibition (HA/HI). Up to the fifth serial passage, 13 of these isolates presented syncytial cytopathic effect, similar to Kakegawa standard strain. When isolates were submitted to seroneutralization with gammaglobulin anti-bovine coronavirus, 8 of them were considered to be positive, once cytopathic effect was neutralized. After titration and seroneutralization in microplates, only three of them were confirmed as positive. The lineage HmLu-1 showed higher permissivity to BCoV isolation, but the low intensity of viral replication demonstrated that new methodologies should be developed for this purpose and then submitted to confirmation of isolation by means of seroneutralization.
Software for Use - A Practical Guide to the Models and Methods of Usage-Centered Design

For anyone who designs applications or Web pages professionally, Software for Use provides an appealingly written guide to user interface design. This book delivers many valuable insights on improving interfaces for both desktop applications and Web sites. A software design process is first presented that's centered on usability (with terms like "user roles," "use cases," and "interaction contexts"). Early sections have much to say about inadequate interfaces (using a number of Windows examples) and how to improve them. The book presents an argument for creating innovative and intuitable interfaces (often by rethinking time-honored Windows conventions). The most provocative material here is the coverage of the Internet--the book argues that many Web sites sacrifice usability for visual razzle-dazzle, and it offers ways to organize Web sites for better usability. (A section on embedded devices looks at UI issues for these systems too.) A full case study of a user interface design for a corporate address book is included. Software for Use makes a good case that there is room for improvement in today's user interfaces. This book is sure to be a valuable resource for anyone serious about improving the user's experience of software or Web sites. --Richard Dragan Topics covered: Design processes; help systems and error messages; and interface creation for novice, intermediate, and advanced users.
Web Mining-Based Objective Metrics for Measuring Website Navigatability

Web site design is critical to the success of electronic commerce and digital government. Effective design requires appropriate evaluation methods and measurement metrics. The current research examines Web site navigability, a fundamental structural aspect of Web site design. We define Web site navigability as the extent to which a visitor can use a Web site’s hyperlink structure to locate target contents successfully in an easy and efficient manner. We propose a systematic Web site navigability evaluation method built on Web mining techniques. To complement the subjective self-reported metrics commonly used by previous research, we develop three objective metrics for measuring Web site navigability on the basis of the Law of Surfing. We illustrate the use of the proposed methods and measurement metrics with two large Web sites.
Optimization and analysis of staffing problems at a retail store

In this study, a simulation modeling procedure for a retail store was proposed to find the optimal number of clerks based on operation types, operation frequency, and staffing schedule. First, all required data for staffing problems were collected and work loading was performed during each 24-hour period. Then, integer programming was used to obtain an initial feasible solution. Finally, simulation experiments were performed together using OptQuest, and optimal solutions were obtained. The proposed procedure was applied to the actual case. It was found that the staffing problems can be solved easily and effectively.
Hemocyanins in the Immunotherapy of Superficial Bladder Cancer

Chemoand immunotherapeutic approaches have been used to prevent recurrence of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), the most common type of superficial bladder cancer (SBC). The bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine for tuberculosis, which consists of an attenuated form of Mycobacterium bovis, is the most commonly used immunotherapeutic agent (Morales et al., 1976). Despite the successful results achieved with BCG, its serious side effects have led researchers to investigate other immunostimulatory substances. In the early 1970s, Olsson and collaborators reported that subcutaneous stimulation with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) from the Californian marine gastropod Megathura crenulata significantly reduced SBC recurrence frequency in TCC patients without any toxic side effects, making it ideal for long-term repetitive treatments (Olsson et al., 1974). These results provided promising support for the use of mollusk hemocyanins as alternative agents in SBC immunotherapy. Hemocyanins, blue respiratory glycoproteins that were discovered in 1878 by Leon Fredericq (Ghiretti-Magaldi & Ghiretti, 1992), are found freely dissolved in the blood of some mollusks and arthropods. These proteins are giant structures with molecular weights between 4 and 8 MDa, and they exhibit some of the most complex and sophisticated quaternary structures known. Hemocyanins are part of the type-3 group of copper proteins that includes phenoloxidases and tyrosinases (Decker & Tuczek, 2000). These proteins contain active copper-containing sites in which the Cu(I,I) state is oxidized to the Cu(II,II) state, thus accounting for their distinctive deep blue color. Because of these properties, the biochemistry of hemocyanins has been intensively studied (van Holde & Miller, 1995). The pioneering work of Weigle in the 1960s on the immunochemical properties of KLH demonstrated its remarkable immunostimulatory properties in an experimental animal model (Weigle, 1964). These results were quickly incorporated into clinical studies to evaluate its immunological effects. Because the primary amino acid sequences of mollusk hemocyanins are highly divergent from mammalian sequences, they are strongly recognized by the immune system, resulting in potent immunogenicity; these proteins can be used therapeutically as non-specific immunostimulants with beneficial clinical outcomes. Moreover, hemocyanins have been extensively used as carriers to generate antibodies against diverse hapten molecules and
Bettering operation of Robots by learning

This article proposes a betterment process for the operation of a mechanical robot in a sense that it betters the next operation of a robot by using the previous operation's data. The process has an iterative learning structure such that the (k + 1)th input to joint actuators consists of the kth input plus an error increment composed of the derivative difference between the kth motion trajectory and the given desired motion trajectory. The convergence of the process to the desired motion trajectory is assured under some reasonable conditions. Numerical results by computer simulation are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed learning scheme.
A probabilistic approach for long read-length DNA sequence analysis

This paper introduces a new algorithm for DNA sequence analysis, based on the use of a reference DNA sequence for the estimation of base positions, and a probabilistic modelling of trace peaks. The new algorithm has been applied to long read-length DNA sequences and its performance has been compared to the base-calling program Phred. The results reported in this paper, after cross-matching with a finished consensus, show a significant improvement by the new algorithm in the final sequence read-length and in the number of correct bases extracted from DNA traces.
A 30-gb/s 70-mW one-stage 4:1 multiplexer in 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS

A completely integrated 4:1 multiplexer for high-speed operation and low power consumption is presented. The circuit uses a new architecture where four data streams are multiplexed in one stage. Pulses with a duty cycle of 25% switch the inputs to the multiplexer (MUX) output. The pulses are generated from the clock signal and the divided clock signal. Measurement results show the performance of the IQ divider. Current-mode logic is used because of the higher speed compared to static CMOS and the robustness against common-mode disturbances. The multiplexer uses no output buffer and directly drives the 50-/spl Omega/ environment. The lower number of gates compared to the conventional tree topology enables low-power design. Relaxed timing conditions are additional benefits of the one-stage MUX topology. The IC is fabricated in a 0.13-/spl mu/m standard bulk CMOS technology and uses 1.5-V supply voltage. The MUX works up to 30 Gb/s and consumes 70 mW.