Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fear and Avoidance of Movement in People with Chronic Pain: Psychometric Properties of the 11-Item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11).

PURPOSE To determine the psychometric properties of the 11-item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) in patients with heterogeneous chronic pain. METHODS The study evaluated test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient), cross-sectional convergent construct validity (Pearson product-moment correlation between TSK-11 and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale [PCS] scores at admission), and sensitivity to change of the TSK-11 (area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve) in patients (n=74) with heterogeneous chronic pain. We used two data sets (retrospective, n=56; prospective, n=18). All patients attended the 4-week interdisciplinary chronic pain management programme at Chedoke Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario. RESULTS The test-retest reliability of the TSK-11 was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.58-0.93), the standard error of measurement was 2.41 (90% CI, 1.47-2.49), and the minimal detectible change score was 5.6. The correlation between TSK-11 and PCS at admission was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.43-0.73). The area under the ROC curve was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.57-0.88). CONCLUSIONS The study results provide evidence for the test-retest reliability, cross-sectional convergent construct validity, and sensitivity to change of the TSK-11 in a population with heterogeneous chronic pain.
Model cart control using EMG signal

This paper describes the development of EMG signal acquisition system application for model cart control. The main application of this type of control is to assist disabled people or frail people to control a cart or device via their healthy muscle. In this project, the circuit was simulated, developed and troubleshoots. The aim of model cart control was to control four basic directions which is forward, backward, turn left and turn right. Threshold voltage level comparison method is used in this project for model cart control. By considering the user friendly issue for the application system, EMG signal acquisition method was decided to be used and obtained with surface electrode. There are two stages to be done for this system, in which the first stage is the signal acquisition system and the second stage is to control the action of model cart. First stage included pre-amplifier, rectification and filtering, which were done with instrumentation amplifier, active low pass and high pass filter and precision full wave rectifier. Second stage included the microcontroller and motor driver in which the microcontroller functions to read the two channel EMG signal and give signal for the motor driver to control the DC geared motor. The result of the hardware testing is compared with the software simulation where the same output is obtained. There were also some limitation and problem which have not been solved. There was wire connected to the model cart where it is not very convenient for the model cart to move around or further.
Rate-compatible punctured low-density parity-check codes with short block lengths

We consider the problem of rate-compatible puncturing of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. In previous work, it was shown that "good" puncturing distributions exist for LDPC codes but the code length was large. In this correspondence, we give a procedure for determining the puncturing distributions for LDPC codes with short block lengths (a few thousand bits) and show that careful puncturing can produce good performance. We compare the performance of the rate-compatible punctured LDPC codes with dedicated LDPC codes across a range of rates and see that the rate-compatible codes have a favorable complexity/performance tradeoff.
The expression of the T-box selector gene midline in the leg imaginal disc is controlled by both transcriptional regulation and cell lineage

ABSTRACT The Drosophila Tbx20 homologs midline and H15 act as selector genes for ventral fate in Drosophila legs. midline and H15 expression defines the ventral domain of the leg and the two genes are necessary and sufficient for the development of ventral fate. Ventral-specific expression of midline and H15 is activated by Wingless (Wg) and repressed by Decapentaplegic (Dpp). Here we identify VLE, a 5 kb enhancer that drives ventral specific expression in the leg disc that is very similar to midline expression. Subdivision of VLE identifies two regions that mediate both activation and repression and third region that only mediates repression. Loss- and gain-of-function genetic mosaic analysis shows that the activating and repressing regions respond to Wg and Dpp signaling respectively. All three repression regions depend on the activity of Mothers-against-decapentaplegic, a Drosophila r-Smad that mediates Dpp signaling, and respond to ectopic expression of the Dpp target genes optomoter-blind and Dorsocross 3. However, only one repression region is responsive to loss of schnurri, a co-repressor required for direct repression by Dpp-signaling. Thus, Dpp signaling restricts midline expression through both direct repression and through the activation of downstream repressors. We also find that midline and H15 expression are both subject to cross-repression and feedback inhibition. Finally, a lineage analysis indicates that ventral midline-expressing cells and dorsal omb-expressing cells do not mix during development. Together this data indicates that the ventral-specific expression of midline results from both transcriptional regulation and from a lack of cell-mixing between dorsal and ventral cells. Summary: Leg expression of the selector gene midline in Drosophila is controlled both by transcriptional regulation and by the lack of mixing between dorsal and ventral cells in the distal leg.
Engineered 3D Silk-collagen-based Model of Polarized Neural Tissue

Despite huge efforts to decipher the anatomy, composition and function of the brain, it remains the least understood organ of the human body. To gain a deeper comprehension of the neural system scientists aim to simplistically reconstruct the tissue by assembling it in vitro from basic building blocks using a tissue engineering approach. Our group developed a tissue-engineered silk and collagen-based 3D brain-like model resembling the white and gray matter of the cortex. The model consists of silk porous sponge, which is pre-seeded with rat brain-derived neurons, immersed in soft collagen matrix. Polarized neuronal outgrowth and network formation is observed with separate axonal and cell body localization. This compartmental architecture allows for the unique development of niches mimicking native neural tissue, thus enabling research on neuronal network assembly, axonal guidance, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and electrical functions.
Piaroa sorcery and the navigation of negative affect: to be aware, to turn away

An overemphasis on the interpretation of language has impeded understanding of the cultural and cognitive logic of sorcery’s focal acts: divination and sorcery battle. Among the Piaroa of southern Venezuela, divination and sorcery battle are conducted during hallucinogen-induced visions, and are predicated on an epistemology that privileges forms of knowing that are neither linguistic nor language-like. I suggest that Piaroa sorcerers use hallucinogen-induced visions to map the social ecology of emotions in ways partially explainable by cognitive science, and that mature contemplation may provide the anthropologist with a means of understanding relationships between nonlinguistic thought and culture. I interweave an account of my participation in a sorcery battle with neuropsychological interpretations of cognition and emotion to present a navigation of negative affect theory of sorcery. The navigation of negative affect theory complements sociological and psychoanalytic approaches while emphasizing the cognitive skills and visionary experiences that underpin the practice of sorcery by shamans.
Juvenile Sexual Offenders

The aim of the study was to identify the factors associated with age of onset of sexual aggression, and variety and desistance of criminal activity, among adolescent sexual aggressors. The sample consisted of 351 adolescents (M age = 15.8 years, SD = 1.8) who were assessed in an outpatient psychiatric clinic between 1992 and 2002. Recidivism data were collected after a mean follow-up period of 8 years. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses demonstrated that some variables related to childhood and adolescent development discriminated among participants who went on to follow different criminal activity trajectories. Indices of early antisocial behaviors (aggressive behavior, antisocial traits) were associated with early activation of a pattern of sexual offending as well as a polymorphic criminal career in adolescence. Findings supported previous research indicating that most adolescent sexual offenders who persist in a criminal career commit a variety of offenses and do not specialize in sexual crimes.
Hox3 genes coordinate mechanisms of genetic suppression and activation in the generation of branchial and somatic motoneurons

In the developing hindbrain, the functional loss of individual Hox genes has revealed some of their roles in specifying rhombomere (r) identity. However, it is unclear how Hox genes act in concert to confer the unique identity to multiple rhombomeres. Moreover, it remains to be elucidated how these genes interact with other transcriptional programs to specify distinct neuronal lineages within each rhombomere. We demonstrate that in r5, the combined mutation of Hoxa3 and Hoxb3 result in a loss of Pax6- and Olig2-expressing progenitors that give rise to somatic motoneurons of the abducens nucleus. In r6, the absence of any combination of the Hox3 paralogous genes results in ectopic expression of the r4-specific determinant Hoxb1. This ectopic expression in turn results in the differentiation of r4-like facial branchiomotoneurons within this rhombomere. These studies reveal that members of the Hox1 and Hox3 paralogous groups participate in a `Hox code' that is necessary for coordinating both suppression and activation mechanisms that ensure distinction between the multiple rhombomeres in the developing hindbrain.
Design and Implementation of a Xen-Based Execution Environment ∗

Virtualization is a concept that one cannot think away from computer science anymore. Preface In the last few years the remote execution of applications has gained more and more on importance. This is due to the fact that paradigms like grid computing have been developed. The computation power that is required by a scientist to execute a complex simulation need not to be locally available anymore. Instead he can submit the simulation to a remote high performance cluster that is provided by an organization that has specialized in providing computation power. The current developments in the area of hardware virtualization show that current desktop computer systems are powerful enough to execute many different operating systems in parallel. The usage of hardware virtualization imposes only a little overhead. This work aims at sticking both concepts together to provide a novel execution environment. This environment is going to provide secure remote execution of applications in user-supplied virtual machines. The execution will behave like a batch job — send the execution and input data away and get the results back. führung wird sich wie die Ausführung eines Batch-Jobs verhalten — schicke den Auftrag samt seiner Eingabedaten weg und bekomme die Ergebnisse zurück.
QoS evaluation of prioritized data plane service employing queueing model

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is emerging as a new paradigm in which the control plane is decoupled from the data plane. SDN architectures enable the abstraction of network elements from the chaos of infrastructures to be service resources. The deployment of applications and network services can be largely simplified by taking advantage of the standardized open Application Program Interface (API). In the open literature, many efforts have been taken to evaluate the forwarding performance of the data plane. Jackson model is frequently employed to characterize the feature of such architectures. Further, network traffic frequently exhibits self-similar characteristic that has got a universal recognition. Analytical models without taking the traffic self-similarity into account may lead to unexpected results. To this end, this paper has proposed an analytical model to evaluate the Quality of Service (QoS) of SDN data plane with self-similar input traffic. Priority service is employed in data plane to decrease the sojourn time of the packets not matched. This is because packets traveled across the control plane are more sensitive to stringent delay bound. The QoS of the model can be evaluated by a decomposition approach. Extensive experimental results suggest that our model has a great accuracy and applicability.
Patient and professional dissatisfaction: A literature review of prognosis communication related to hospital settings

An essential element of health care decision making is related to ‘what is going to happen next’ (or prognosis). Patients are often dissatisfied with prognosis communication (Chan & Woodruff 1997; Kirk, Kirk & Kristjanson 2004). Yet there is a paucity of literature on the contributing factors and resulting consequences of prognosis communication. A thematic analysis on prognosis communication applicable to hospital wards was employed. The thematic analysis revealed that patients are dissatisfied with prognosis communication, and this dissatisfaction is related to information giving, understanding, and decision making. There is also evidence to suggest that health care professionals are also distressed and dissatisfied with the current use of prognosis in health care delivery, and this relates to hope, role discrepancies, and emotional labour. Factors identified in the literature as contributing to the current use of prognosis included difficulty with the definition, estimation and communication of prognosis. The contributing factor of the medical model upon prognosis communication is discussed. The suggestion is made that if both consumers and providers are dissatisfied with current prognosis communication, then there should be sufficient relevant research funded, undertaken and utilised to inform training, policy changes and individual clinical practice reflection in the movement towards more patient-focussed, sustainable health care.
Thinking About Theory in Educational Research: Fieldwork in philosophy

Abstract This article responds to and reflects upon the articles in this special issue. Specifically, it deals with the usage of theory in each of the articles, what we might see, as examples of re-descriptive usage in autonomous theorizing. The articles utilize different theories and varying intellectual resources—Foucault and Deleuze (Richard Niesche), Bourdieu (Carmen Mills), Levinas (Sam Sellar) and Butler (Christina Gowlett)—to analyse the topic of the My School website and associated new accountabilities in Australia schooling. This article argues that their usage of the My School website must be seen as a condensation symbol to signify a broader neo-liberal agenda in Australian schooling that has global as well as national elements to it. The fact that the social today is no longer straightforwardly homologous with the nation also challenges ‘methodological nationalism’ and suggests the pressing need to ‘deparochialize’ theory in research and reject a reading of Northern theory as universal. The article uses the provocations of these articles to reflect upon the necessity of theory in educational research more generally, and to consider its usage in research with different purposes, while accepting that theory should be endemic in all stages of research. Theory serves a different purpose in research with different goals; quantitative correlational research demands theory to move to explanation, interpretive research requires theory to strengthen interpretation and plausibility, while critical research utilizes theory to uncover the hidden as a step towards emancipation. These articles implicitly suggest alternative forms of accountability and politics, but I argue in conclusion that, additionally, we need a broader politics that will move us towards a non-utopian post neo-liberal social imaginary.
Flux vacua statistics for two‐parameter Calabi‐Yau's

We study the number of flux vacua for type IIB string theory on an orientifold of the Calabi‐Yau expressed as a hypersurface in WCP4[1,1,2,2,6] by evaluating a suitable integral over the complex‐structure moduli space as per the conjecture of Douglas and Ashok. We show that away from the singular conifold locus, one gets a power law, and that the (neighborhood) of the conifold locus indeed acts as an attractor in the (complex structure) moduli space. In the process, we evaluate the periods near the conifold locus. We also study (non)supersymmetric solutions near the conifold locus, and show that supersymmetric solutions near the conifold locus do not support fluxes.
Visual on-line learning in distributed camera networks

Automatic detection of persons is an important application in visual surveillance. In general, state-of-the-art systems have two main disadvantages: First, usually a general detector has to be learned that is applicable to a wide range of scenes. Thus, the training is time-consuming and requires a huge amount of labeled data. Second, the data is usually processed centralized, which leads to a huge network traffic. Thus, the goal of this paper is to overcome these problems, which is realized by a person detection system, that is based on distributed smart cameras (DSCs). Assuming that we have a large number of cameras with partly overlapping views, the main idea is to reduce the model complexity of the detector by training a specific detector for each camera. These detectors are initialized by a pre-trained classifier, that is then adapted for a specific camera by co-training. In particular, for co-training we apply an on-line learning method (i.e., boosting for feature selection), where the information exchange is realized via mapping the overlapping views onto each other by using a homography. Thus, we have a compact scene-dependent representation, which allows to train and to evaluate the classifiers on an embedded device. Moreover, since the information transfer is reduced to exchanging positions the required network-traffic is minimal. The power of the approach is demonstrated in various experiments on different publicly available data sets. In fact, we show that on-line learning and applying DSCs can benefit from each other.
What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept

The idea of reserve against brain damage stems from the repeated observation that there does not appear to be a direct relationship between the degree of brain pathology or brain damage and the clinical manifestation of that damage. This paper attempts to develop a coherent theoretical account of reserve. One convenient subdivision of reserve models revolves around whether they envision reserve as a passive process, such as in brain reserve or threshold, or see the brain as actively attempting to cope with or compensate for pathology, as in cognitive reserve. Cognitive reserve may be based on more efficient utilization of brain networks or of enhanced ability to recruit alternate brain networks as needed. A distinction is suggested between reserve, the ability to optimize or maximize normal performance, and compensation, an attempt to maximize performance in the face of brain damage by using brain structures or networks not engaged when the brain is not damaged. Epidemiologic and imaging data that help to develop and support the concept of reserve are presented. (JINS, 2002, 8, 448–460.)
Research on foreign language teaching and learning in Turkey (2005–2009)

This is an overview of research on applied linguistics and foreign language education in Turkey, surveying nearly 130 studies from the period 2005–2009. Following a brief presentation of the history and current sociopolitical situation of foreign language education in Turkey, the article focuses on research that characterizes the most common interests of academics and practitioners in the following areas: foreign language teaching and teachers, foreign language learning and learners, foreign language teacher education, the four language skills, measurement and evaluation, and the relationship between language and culture. Our discussion of each area is based on information extracted from local professional journals, conference proceedings and papers and Ph.D. dissertations. The studies examined reveal that, in general, practical concerns assume priority over theoretical issues, a substantial proportion of research being conducted on EFL learning and teaching.
Listen and Whisper: Security Mechanisms for BGP (Awarded Best Student Paper!)

BGP, the current inter-domain routing protocol, assumes that the routing information propagated by authenticated routers is correct. This assumption renders the current infrastructure vulnerable to both accidental misconfigurations and deliberate attacks. To reduce this vulnerability, we present a combination of two mechanisms: Listen and Whisper. Listen passively probes the data plane and checks whether the underlying routes to different destinations work. Whisper uses cryptographic functions along with routing redundancy to detect bogus route advertisements in the control plane. These mechanisms are easily deployable, and do not rely on either a public key infrastructure or a central authority like ICANN. The combination of Listen and Whisper eliminates a large number of problems due to router misconfigurations, and restricts (though not eliminates) the damage that deliberate attackers can cause. Moreover, these mechanisms can detect and contain isolated adversaries that propagate even a few invalid route announcements. Colluding adversaries pose a more stringent challenge, and we propose simple changes to the BGP policy mechanism to limit the damage colluding adversaries can cause. We demonstrate the utility of Listen and Whisper through real-world deployment, measurements and empirical analysis. For example, a randomly placed isolated adversary, in the worst case can affect reachability to only 1% of the nodes.
The pluripotent regulatory circuitry connecting promoters to their long-range interacting elements

The mammalian genome harbors up to one million regulatory elements often located at great distances from their target genes. Long-range elements control genes through physical contact with promoters and can be recognized by the presence of specific histone modifications and transcription factor binding. Linking regulatory elements to specific promoters genome-wide is currently impeded by the limited resolution of high-throughput chromatin interaction assays. Here we apply a sequence capture approach to enrich Hi-C libraries for >22,000 annotated mouse promoters to identify statistically significant, long-range interactions at restriction fragment resolution, assigning long-range interacting elements to their target genes genome-wide in embryonic stem cells and fetal liver cells. The distal sites contacting active genes are enriched in active histone modifications and transcription factor occupancy, whereas inactive genes contact distal sites with repressive histone marks, demonstrating the regulatory potential of the distal elements identified. Furthermore, we find that coregulated genes cluster nonrandomly in spatial interaction networks correlated with their biological function and expression level. Interestingly, we find the strongest gene clustering in ES cells between transcription factor genes that control key developmental processes in embryogenesis. The results provide the first genome-wide catalog linking gene promoters to their long-range interacting elements and highlight the complex spatial regulatory circuitry controlling mammalian gene expression.