Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Allergic environment enhances airway epithelial pro-inflammatory responses to rhinovirus infection.

Airway epithelial cells (AEC) exhibit a pro-inflammatory phenotype in patients with allergic asthma. We examined the effect of an allergic cytokine environment on the response of AEC to rhinovirus (RV), the most common trigger of acute exacerbations of asthma. Calu-3 cells, a well-differentiated human AEC line, were cultured with or without the T-helper type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, then stimulated with a toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 agonist (poly I:C, dsRNA) or a TLR7 agonist (imiquimod), or infected with RV 16. Expression of pro-inflammatory and antiviral mediators, and of viral pattern-recognition molecules, was assessed using nCounter assays, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and protein immunoassays. Both dsRNA and imiquimod stimulated expression of mRNA for IL6 and IL8 whereas expression of several chemokines and antiviral response genes was induced only by dsRNA. Conversely, expression of other cytokines and growth factors was induced only by imiquimod. RV infection not only stimulated expression of the inflammation-related genes induced by dsRNA, but also of complement factor B and the novel pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-32. In the T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine environment, several mediators exhibited significantly enhanced expression, whereas expression of interferons was either unchanged or enhanced. The allergic environment also increased expression of pattern-recognition receptors and of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, the cell surface receptor for RV. We conclude that Th2 cytokines promote increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators by AEC following infection with RV. Increased viral entry or enhanced signalling via pattern-recognition receptors could also contribute to the exaggerated inflammatory response to RV observed in allergic asthmatics.
Extinction of a human cardiac-response during avoidance-conditioning.

Since avoidance-conditioning always involves, at least at the outset, the exposure of S to the negatively reinforcing ('noxious' or 'to-be-avoided') stimulus, it is now generally recognized that the Pavlovian paradigm, with the negatively reinforcing stimulus acting as US, applies with significant consequences. The joint occurrence of autonomically-mediated CRs and the instrumental avoidance-response (RAV) raises the possibility of interaction between the two response-systems,' and this possibility makes desirable the simultaneous measurement and study of representative reflexes in both systems. One initial hypothesis on which agreement might presently be expected is that the autonomic CRs acquired during avoidance-training tend toward extinction on 'successful' avoidance-trials (i.e. trials on which the experimentally prescribed RAV is made and US is not forthcoming), in accordance with the Pavlovian paradigm for extinction. Nevertheless, the literature seems to contain no data indicating that such extinction actually occurs, and one purpose of the experiments reported here is to furnish that evidence. It will also appear that the weakening of CR arises partly from the discriminative control over CR assumed by stimuli which are produced by, or accompany, RAV, and which thus play the role of negative stimuli in the Pavlovian method of contrasts.2
Insulin dose–response studies in severely insulin‐resistant type 2 diabetes—evidence for effectiveness of very high insulin doses

Aim: To combat diabetic complications strict glycaemic control is desirable in type 2 diabetes, but some patients are severely insulin resistant and it is not known whether high doses of insulin are effective. This study was designed to determine the acute dose–response effects of insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe insulin resistance.
Distribution of Mature MicroRNA on Its Precursor : A New Character for MicroRNA Prediction

ground: MicroRNA (miRNA) is a large family of 20~22 nucleotides non-coding RNA, which tes expression of protein-coding genes. Stem-loop structure is an important character of A precursor for computational identification of miRNA genes and has been proved to be close d with miRNA biogenesis. ods: This paper statistically analyzed the hairpin structures of 557 miRNA genes from six yotic organisms. A random model was adopted to show the significance of the distribution of e miRNAs on their precursors. lts: The results showed that the terminals of mature miRNAs tend to locate near loop structures 1-6nt rather than in loops or very far from loop structures (>6nt), which is quite different from ted by chance. Further more, free energies of 1-6nt flanking mature miRNAs are much higher hose of mature miRNA terminal regions. lusions: These results provide a new character of stem-loop structure for miRNA prediction dicate that this character might facilitate miRNA biogenesis. ord: MicroRNA (miRNA), Stem-loop structure, free energy, distribution
The effect of atropine on the frog sartorius neuromuscular junction

1. The effect of atropine sulphate and of (+)‐tubocurarine chloride (TC) on the amplitude and time course of end‐plate potentials (e.p.p.s) and miniature end‐plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s) was studied in the sartorius muscle of the frog.
Aging, food patterns and disability.

To lay the groundwork for devising, improving and implementing strategies to prevent or delay the onset of disability in the elderly, a systematic literature review was conducted of longitudinal studies published between 1985 and 2001 that reported statistical significant associations between individual baseline nutritional risk factors and subsequent functional status in community-living older persons. The review revealed that nutrition has been neglected in past research. Not more than three studies fulfilled the methodological criteria (e.g. control for baseline functional status, control for confounding or attrition rate). The association between increased and decreased body mass index and functional decline was high. This and other available information regarding the importance of nutrition for the disablement process underline how important adequate intakes of energy and nutrients today are for the ability to manage activities of daily living tomorrow. Vulnerable groups of elderly people can be identified by questions on number of meals a day, food group intake and assessment of weight change. Policy makers and health care professionals should put a joined effort in optimising the food intake of these vulnerable elderly people. On one hand by stimulating physical activity to animate food intake and on the other hand by facilitating the availability of attractive nutritious foods.
Utilizing Persuasive Technology Package to Elevate Dietary Awareness

A recent study in Saudi A rabia uncovered certain prev alent health-risk behaviors in the adolescent population. One of the most prev alent behav iors identified by this study is health-risk dietary behav ior. In general, adolescents in Saudi A rabia reported poor dietary behaviors. A dolescents in Saudi Arabia have received minimal attention over the past decades. This study aims to examine the efficacy of using a persuasive technology package to elevate the level of awareness about the importance of diet ing during adolescence. Since adolescence is v iewed as an opportune time to alter health -risk behaviors that are known to cause chronic diseases, this study targets parents and prov iders of adolescents. The study employs an awareness v ideo and a tex t messaging campaign. The preliminary results of this study indicate promising potential for promoting healthy diet choices in adolescents.
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION AND VALIDATION OF PARACETAMOL AND CODEINE PHOSPHATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION BY RP-HPLC

An accurate, simple, reproducible and sensitive method for the determination of Paracetamol and Codeine phosphate was developed and validated. Paracetamol and Codeine were separated by HPLC using a LiChrospher® RP-18 column and isocratic elution with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Mixture of Acetonitile with Buffer solution (pH=2.5) (15:85) was used as mobile phase. The detection was at 210 nm wavelength. The proposed method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The linear range of determination for Paracetamol and Codeine phosphate were 100-1000µg/ml and 6-60 µg/ml, respectively. The percentage recovery of Paracetamol and Codeine phosphate were obtained form range of 99.88-100.2% and 99.33-100.3% respectively. The developed method is suitable for routine quality control analysis of titled drugs in combination of tablet formulation.
Bandwidth efficient techniques for helicopter links via satellite

Helicopter radio links via satellite are limited in performance when the antenna is located below the main rotor. The fuselage may obstruct the line-of-sight signal and the rotating blades not only periodically block it but also generate reflections which cause periodic ripples in the signal complex envelope. This paper presents receive diversity and transmit space time coding with up to three antennas combined with variable high order modulation and coding techniques in order to overcome these problems allowing unprecedented bandwidth efficiencies in helicopter links for existing and future satellite systems. As a satellite system example, the Inmarsat enhanced Broadband Global Access Network (BGAN) is considered operating over the Alphasat satellite to be launched in 2013 over the European airspace by Inmarsat and ESA. With the proposed techniques and radio upgrades, bandwidth efficiency approaching 5 b/s/Hz may be achievable to/from helicopters and at the same time the reliability of the link and service area increases.
Lived Experience of Women Suffering from Vitiligo: A Phenomenological Study.

Vitiligo is a chronic skin disease, which through change of appearance and body image, exerts a devastating effect on people, especially women. The objective of this study is to explore lived experience of women with Vitiligo by the hermeneutic phenomenology method. The purposive sample consisted of 16 Iranian women. Data analysis followed Diekelmann, Allen, and Tanner (1989). The results showed four main themes: (1) Perceiving myself in a different light; (2) Vitiligo: Worry about others’ perceptions; (3) Vitiligo, Being influenced by cultural beliefs; and (4) Accepting and fighting the disease; Variations in experiences of living with Vitiligo. The women affected with Vitiligo during their marriage-ready years face various psychosocial problems such as rejection by associates, isolation, divorce, and forced choice of a single life. Key Words: Vitiligo, Phenomenological Study, Iranian Women, and Lived Experiences
Influence of Chitosan Treatment in Obese Subjects on Surrogate Plasma Markers of Cholesterol Metabolism

Chitosan treatment results in significantly lower plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations. To 12 test the working mechanism of Chitosan, we measured plasma surrogate markers of cholesterol 13 absorption, synthesis, and degradation to bile acids corrected for cholesterol concentration (R_sterols). 14 One hundred sixteen obese subjects (BMI 31.7, range 28.1 – 38.9 kg/m2) were studied under Chitosan 15 treatment (n=61) and placebo treatment (n=55) during 12 weeks. The participants underwent a short 16 nutrition education on how to improve quality of nutrition and energy expenditure. Daily Chitosan 17 intake was 3200 mg. RESULTS. Plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration decreased significantly stronger 18 (P=0.0252) under Chitosan (-8.67 ± 18.18 mg/dl, 5.6%) than under placebo treatment (-1.00 ± 24.22 mg/dl, 19 0.9%). This reduction was not associated with corresponding decreases of markers of cholesterol 20 absorption under Chitosan treatment. As a marker for cholesterol synthesis R_lathosterol showed a 21 trend towards a stronger decrease under Chitosan treatment (P=0.0759). Regarding markers of bile acid 22 synthesis, R_7α-hydroxy-cholesterol decreased significantly only under Chitosan treatment, but not 23 stronger than under placebo treatment. In conclusion, a significant selective reduction of plasma LDL24 cholesterol under Chitosan treatment is neither associated with an expected reduction of plasma 25 surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption nor with expected increases of markers for cholesterol and 26 bile acid synthesis. 27
Designer Extracellular Matrix Based on DNA-Peptide Networks Generated by Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Cell proliferation and differentiation in multicellular organisms are partially regulated by signaling from the extracellular matrix. The ability to mimic an extracellular matrix would allow particular cell types to be specifically recognized, which is central to tissue engineering. We present a new functional DNA-based material with cell-adhesion properties. It is generated by using covalently branched DNA as primers in PCR. These primers were functionalized by click chemistry with the cyclic peptide c(RGDfK), a peptide that is known to predominantly bind to αvβ3 integrins, which are found on endothelial cells and fibroblasts, for example. As a covalent coating of surfaces, this DNA-based material shows cell-repellent properties in its unfunctionalized state and gains adhesiveness towards specific target cells when functionalized with c(RGDfK). These cells remain viable and can be released under mild conditions by DNase I treatment.
How aggressive should initial therapy for rheumatoid arthritis be? Factors associated with response to 'non-aggressive' DMARD treatment and perspective from a 2-yr open label trial.

OBJECTIVE To determine what baseline factors might be associated with response to an initial mild treatment regimen in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Open label 2-yr study of 111 consecutive patients with early RA of duration less than 1 yr. None of the patients had previously received disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). All patients were assigned to receive hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) at enrollment, and could also take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and prednisone. At any point during follow-up, patients not fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 50 criteria for improvement and/or who were taking prednisone > 10 mg/day were considered treatment failures and therapy changed to methotrexate (MTX), 7.5-20 mg/week. Clinical, laboratory and immunogenetic factors potentially predictive of treatment assignment at month 24 were evaluated. RESULTS After 24 months of follow-up, a majority of patients (56/94) were either still on solo DMARD therapy with HCQ (n = 49) or off DMARD therapy with controlled/quiescent disease (n = 4), and 38 patients were taking MTX (including 11 in combination with other DMARDs). At month 24, all but 9 patients met ACR50 criteria for treatment response. Features present at enrollment which were predictors of MTX therapy at month 24 were high pain score, baseline rheumatoid factor titre > 1:40, higher number of swollen joints, and poor patient global assessment. The presence of HLA-C7xx at enrollment was also predictive of need for MTX therapy. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that even milder treatment with HCQ is greatly beneficial in patients with early RA. There continue to be very few consistently reliable predictors of treatment needs in patients with this disease.
Nomenclature and location of avian hypothalamic nuclei and associated circumventricular organs

Nineteen nuclei and two areas within the avian hypothalamus were identified and located on specific cross‐sectional planes of a stereotaxic atlas of the fowl. Latin terms applied to the nuclei and associated fiber tracts were compared among several authors and a suggested standardized nomenclature presented for hypothalamic structures. Nine circumventricular organs (CVOs) were also located throughout the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon of the chicken. A majority of the CVOs were found near nuclei.
Gas chromatographic method for the estimation of noradrenaline, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine.

the sample placed in a metal tray on the surface of solid paraffin was submerged when the latter melted. Paraffin blocks were prepared and 8 ,u thick cross sections were cut. In preliminary experiments the area postrema was located by selective in vivo staining with trypan blue (Wislocki & Putnam, 1920; Cappel, 1929). This served as a basis for the location of the area postrema by toluidine blue staining before fluorescence microscopy in adjacent sections. Sections selected for fluorescence microscopy were flattened on the slide by rolling with a stainless steel rod. Sections were then covered with a cover slip on to which one drop of Entellan (Merck) had been placed. Before examination by fluorescence microscopy the area postrema on the section was located by reflected tungsten light using the microscope (Zeiss) without an objective, and with phase contrast setting. The section was focused by the optovar ring of the microscope. This procedure eliminates the otherwise unavoidable fading of fluorescence due to ultraviolet light which occurs if the preliminary positioning of the section is carried out by fluorescence microscopy. The fluorescence of the sections was observed with a Schott BG3 as a primary and a 50 (Zeiss) as a secondary filter. The appearance of the area postrema by fluorescence microscopy of the untreated animals was found to be essentially the same as described by Fuxe & Owman (1965). The fluorescence spectra of different areas of the brain section recorded by using a Schott UGI as the primary filter, and an interference filter at 2f5 to 5 nm intervals in the transmission light path. From the green fluorescent cells in the area postrema reported to contain NA (Fuxe & Owman, 1965), a fluorescence spectrum different from that of NA in standard droplets was recorded. The possible explanation of this finding is that NA is present in low concentrations in these cells, and the non-specific fluorescence distorted the fluorescence spectrum of the NA derivative. Fluorescence spectra from areas exhibiting specific and non-specific fluorescence were recorded, and differences were found between the two types of fluorescence. Details of the methodology and illustrations of the results will be demonstrated.
The essentiality of n-3 fatty acids for the development and function of the retina and brain.

INTRODUCTION 517 TISSUE DISTRIBUTION . 519 ACCUMULATION DURING DEVELOPMENT 521 DIETARY DEFICIENCY 523 Studies in Rats . 523 Studies in Nonhuman Primates. 526 Human Case Studies . 528 FUNCTIONAL EFFECTS IN BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES 528 Biophysical Properties of DHA-rich Membranes . 529 Effects on Enzyme Activity . 530 Lipoxygenase Products of DHA . 531 Lipid Peroxidation . 532 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 532
Mean square stability and H2-control of continuous-time jump linear systems with partial information on the Markov parameter

This paper studies the mean square stabilizability and H2-control problems for continuous-time Markov Jump Linear Systems (MJLS) assuming that the controller has access only to a detector that provides information on the jump parameter. The goal is to design a feedback linear controller using this detector information that stochastically stabilizes the closed loop system and provides a H2 guaranteed cost. A Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) formulation is derived in order to achieve these goals. The formulation encompasses the cases with perfect information, no information and those considered in [1]. A numerical example illustrates the obtained results.
CONTOURLET TRANSFORMATIONS FOR STUDYING COLOR CAST IN DIGITAL IMAGE BASED ON DIFFERENT COLOR MODELS Ass . Prof . DrKhalil i . alsaif & Huda s . qassab _ bashi

Images may got color cast due to a lot of reasons, so it makes the outlook of the images not clear or bad. In this research, a study for measuring the color cast in the images in RGB color space is presented. The study was done on the three base colors (RGB model) by measuring the contrast and the energy of each slice(each color), then each color will be decomposed to its coefficients using contourlet transformation. The two parameters (energy and contrast) will be measured on each coefficient to see the effect of the color cast on the original image. Applying the technique on different images shows that the decomposing on different level up to 4 gives a clear indicator about the cast color in the image. The algorithm was applied on Matlab software version (7.14.0.739 (R2012a)).
Survey on Anonymization in Privacy Preserving Data Mining

: Providing security to delicate data against unapproved access has been a long term goal for the database security research group and for the administration statistical organizations. Subsequently, the security issue has gotten to be, recently, a significantly more critical territory of examination in data mining. Consequently, as of late, privacy-preserving data mining has been mulled over extensively. Data anonymization, one of the methods of privacy preserving data mining, is a sort of data purification whose expectation is security insurance. It is the methodology of either scrambling or expelling by and by identifiable data from information sets, with the goal that the individuals whom the information portrays stay unacknowledged. In this paper we have reviewed various techniques of data anonymization and have shown the comparative analysis of the same.
Losses of Chromosome Arms 4q, 8p, 13q and Gain of 8q Are Correlated with Increasing Chromosomal Instability in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objective: Chromosomal instability is a key feature in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) revealed recurring structural aberrations, whereas fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) indicated an increasing number of numerical aberrations in dedifferentiating HCC. Therefore, we examined whether there was a correlation between structural and numerical aberrations of chromosomal instability in HCC. Methods and Results: 27 HCC (5 well, 10 moderately, 12 lower differentiated) already cytogenetically characterized by aCGH were analyzed. FISH analysis using probes for chromosomes 1, 3, 7, 8 and 17 revealed 1.46–4.24 signals/nucleus, which correlated with the histological grade (well vs. moderately,p < 0.0003; moderately vs. lower, p < 0.004). The number of chromosomes to each other was stable with exceptions only seen for chromosome 8. Loss of 4q and 13q, respectively, were correlated with the number of aberrations detected by aCGH (p < 0.001, p < 0.005; Mann-Whitney test). Loss of 4q and gain of 8q were correlated with an increasing number of numerical aberrations detected by FISH (p < 0.020, p < 0.031). Loss of 8p was correlated with the number of structural imbalances seen in aCGH (p < 0.048), but not with the number of numerical changes seen in FISH. Conclusion: We found that losses of 4q, 8p and 13q were closely correlated with an increasing number of aberrations detected by aCGH, whereas a loss of 4q and a gain of 8q were also observed in the context of polyploidization, the cytogenetic correlate of morphological dedifferentiation.
Enhanced frequency stability in a non-linear MEMS oscillator employing phase feedback

Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) oscillators are conventionally designed so that the resonator is operated within the linear regime. This paper investigates an optimal low noise point for a nonlinear MEMS oscillator where phase noise to frequency noise conversion is minimized. A closed loop oscillator consisting of a digitally controlled phase shifter is implemented and measurements of frequency stability are conducted under varying phase feedback conditions. The measured results show that for a specific value of feedback phase, the oscillation frequency is independent of phase fluctuations. Enhanced frequency stability is achieved when the MEMS resonator is biased at the optimal phase feedback condition in the non-linear regime.