Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TRIGEN INTERTAN intramedullary nail versus sliding hip screw: a prospective, randomized multicenter study on pain, function, and complications in 684 patients with an intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric fracture and one year of follow-up.

BACKGROUND Both intramedullary nails and sliding hip screws are used with good results in the treatment of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. The aim of our study was to assess whether use of the TRIGEN INTERTAN nail, as compared with a sliding hip screw, resulted in less postoperative pain, improved functional mobility, and reduced surgical complication rates for patients with an intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric fracture. METHODS In a prospective, randomized multicenter study, 684 elderly patients were treated with the INTERTAN nail or with a sliding hip screw with or without a trochanteric stabilizing plate. The patients were assessed during their hospital stay and at three and twelve months postoperatively. A visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score was recorded at all time points, and functional mobility was assessed with use of the timed Up & Go test. The Harris hip score (HHS) was used to assess hip function more specifically. Quality of life was measured with the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D). Radiographic findings as well as intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Patients treated with an INTERTAN nail had slightly less pain at the time of early postoperative mobilization (VAS score, 48 versus 52; p = 0.042), although this did not influence the length of the hospital stay and there was no difference at three or twelve months. Regardless of the fracture and implant type, functional mobility, hip function, patient satisfaction, and quality-of-life assessments were comparable between the groups at three and twelve months. The numbers of patients with surgical complications were similar for the two groups (twenty-nine in the sliding-hip-screw group and thirty-two in the INTERTAN group, p = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS INTERTAN nails and sliding hip screws are similar in terms of pain, function, and reoperation rates twelve months after treatment of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures.
Vibrotactile feedback systems: Current trends in rehabilitation, sports and information display

The sense of touch is one of the most informative senses humans possess, and tactation is the sensation perceived by the sense of touch. Tactation is resulted by the skin's receptors that are stimulated by modalities such as vibration, pressure, etc. The concept of tactile technologies is based on the skin's ability to communicate information through these modalities. Current advances include electrical stimulation, vibrotactile stimulation, thermal stimulation, etc. This paper is a comprehensive review of the technological enhancements of vibrotactile feedback systems in rehabilitation, sports and Information display domains used for motion improvement, motor learning, navigation, gaming, etc. The evolution of vibrotactile technology and its enhancements in the twenty first century for rehabilitation, sports and information display are presented.
A Combined Approach to DoS Attack Detection System

In the network system attack like Denial of service (DoS) is forthcoming damaging attack. The performance of online servers degrades within seconds. Intensive computation on the target server is imposed due to this attack. Target Server gets flooded with large useless packets. The fatality server can be forced out of service From a few minutes to even several days. Eventually crucial business services running on the target fatality causes work down on the target fatality. So for the researchers it is very challenging task. The development of network-based detection mechanisms is the focus of the solution of this kind of attack. Based on these mechanisms in the existing detection systems, traffic transmitted over the protected networks get monitored. Mainly two methods are introduced for detection mechanism namely Misuse based and Anomaly based detection systems. But to enhance the detection rate they are not sufficient. In the proposed system the features which are directly associated with DoS attacks are extract by monitoring the network traffic. To generate geometrical triangular area measurements for normal profiles on the basis of these features the multivariate correlation analysis (MCA) model is used. To detect any unknown DoS attack in the network, these models are used as references. And furthermore to detect attack anomaly detection method is used. Only MCA and anomaly based system is not sufficient for accurate attack detection. So the inventive work behavioral based rule model integrated with MCA and anomaly, as a hybrid model used to enhance the accuracy of DoS attack detection. In proposed inventive model behavioral rules are generated for suspected packets and ultimately detection accuracy as well as detection rate get increased.
Quasi-asymptotically flat spacetimes and their ADM mass

We define spacetimes that are asymptotically flat, except for a deficit solid angle and present a definition of their `ADM' mass, which is finite for this class of spacetimes, and, in particular, coincides with the value of the parameter M of the global monopole spacetime studied by Vilenkin and Barriola. Moreover, we show that the definition is coordinate independent, and explain why it can, in some cases, be negative.
Validation of P2/MS for reflecting hepatic fibrosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Background/Aims P2/MS is known as a simple, accurate, and noninvasive marker for determination of the degree of hepatic fibrosis in patients with viral hepatitis. We aimed to validate P2/MS in patients with HCC. Methods Consecutive HCC patients who underwent surgical resection between June 2007 and March 2009 at Seoul National University Hospital were enrolled. Fibrosis stage was reviewed and assessed according to METAVIR scoring. P2/MS values [platelet count (109/L)]2/[monocyte fraction (%)×segmented neutrophil fraction (%)] and other noninvasive fibrosis scoring systems were calculated. Results A total of 171 patients were included; seven patients with METAVIR F1, 31 with F2, 41 with F3, and 92 with F4. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of P2/MS was 0.804 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.681~0.927] for detection of significant fibrosis (F2-F4) and 0.769 (95% CI, 0.698~0.839) for detection of histological cirrhosis (F4). At a value < 62, P2/MS detected significant fibrosis with a specificity of 85.7% (95% CI, 42.0~99.2) and a positive likelihood ratio of 4.268 (95% CI, 0.692~26.309); and at a value > 115, P2/MS ruled out significant fibrosis with a sensitivity of 90.2% (95% CI, 84.4~94.1) and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.34 (95% CI, 0.106~0.095). P2/MS had a superior efficacy for detection of hepatic fibrosis in patients with HCC compared to the other noninvasive panels. Conclusions P2/MS can accurately detect fibrosis in patients with HCC. Thus, P2/MS might be utilized as a noninvasive index reflecting the degree of hepatic fibrosis in HCC patients.
Naïve Responses to Kind Delegation

People do not like to delegate the distribution of favors. To explain this reluctance, we disentangle reward motives in an experiment in which an investor can directly transfer money to a trustee or delegate this decision to another investor. Varying the transfer values of the investor and delegate, we find that the trustee's rewards follow a rather simple pattern. In all situations, both investors are rewarded, but the person who ultimately decides gets a higher reward. Unlike studies on the punishment of delegated unkind decisions, our results do not reveal a more sophisticated reward behavior that takes people's responsibility into account. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient In-Band Spectrum Sensing Using Swarm Intelligence for Cognitive Radio Network

Spectrum sensing mechanisms enable cognitive radio networks to detect primary users (Upsi) and utilize spectrum holes for secondary user (SU) transmission. However, precise PU detection leads to longer sensing time and lower achievable throughput. In this paper, we propose a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based scheme for an in-band local spectrum sensing to address the tradeoff between sensing time and throughput. Using methodological analysis, a fast convergence PSO (FC-PSO) scheme is derived by implementing a distribution-based stopping criterion subject to detection performance, optimization time, and SU gain. At the target probability of detection of at least 90%, the results show significant improvements of ~45% for sensing time, 70% for the probability of false alarm, and 12% for achievable throughput compared with nonoptimal sensing scheme at signal-to-noise ratio of 0 dB. FC-PSO also outperforms other optimization schemes in terms of convergence speed. The proposed scheme is proved to be an energy-efficient solution for practical implementation as it outperforms the other algorithms in terms of lower computational complexity as well as providing the best tradeoff values in meeting the objective function of sufficient opportunistic access for an SU under optimized sensing time for maximized throughput, while providing high protection to the PU.
Relation Robustness Evaluation for the Semantic Associations

The search tools and information retrieval systems on the contemporary Web use keywords, lexical analysis, popularity, and statistical methods to find and prioritise relevant data to a specific query. In recent years, Semantic web has introduced new approaches to specify Web data using machine-interpretable structures. This has led to the establishment of new frameworks for search engines and information systems based on discovering complex and meaningful relationships between information resources. In this paper we discuss a semantic supported information search and retrieval system to answer users’ information queries. The paper focuses on knowledge discovery aspects of the system and in particular analysis of semantic associations. The information resources are multimedia data, which could be retrieved from heterogeneous resources. The main goal is to provide a hypermedia presentation, which narratively conveys relevant information to the queried term. The structure describes the related entities to the queried topic and a ranking mechanism assigns weights to the entities. The assigned weights express the degree of relevancy of each related entity in the presentation structure.
The Effect Of Contracting On Pricing Dynamics In The Fed Cattle Market: An Experimental Simulation Approach

The increased amount of contracting in many agricultural markets continues to be a source of considerable controversy. Some research indicates that increased levels of contracting lead to better prices for processors/users while other research is inconclusive. This article uses an experimental economics approach to study the effects on prices of systematic variations in contracting levels using an experimental model of the fed cattle market. Using experimental economics allowed the control of contracting levels and other variables (e.g. supply levels) that are not possible using industry data. Pricing dynamics changed considerably with increased levels of contracting, but the mean price level was found to be not related to contracting levels. The response of price to a given supply was found to increase as contracting levels increase. In addition, price variability with high levels of contracting showed long periods with relatively little adjustments followed by short periods of abrupt changes.
Evolution of the Nuclear Accretion Disk Emission in NGC 1097: Getting Closer to the Black Hole

We study the evolution of the broad, double-peaked Hα emission-line profile of the LINER/Seyfert 1 nucleus of NGC 1097, using 24 spectra obtained over a time span of 11 years—from 1991 November through 2002 October. While in the first 5 years the main variation was in the relative intensity of the blue and red peaks, in the last years we have also observed an increasing separation between the two peaks, at the same time as the integrated flux in the broad line has decreased. We propose a scenario in which the emission originates in an asymmetric accretion disk around a supermassive black hole, whose source of ionization is getting dimmer, causing the region of maximum emission to come closer to the center (and thus to regions of higher projected velocity). We use the observations to constrain the evolution of the accretion disk emission and to evaluate two models: the elliptical-disk model previously found to reproduce the observations from 1991 to 1996 and a model of a circular disk with a single spiral arm. In both models the peak emissivity of the disk drifts inward with time, while the azimuthal orientation of the elliptical-disk or the spiral pattern varies with time. In the case of the spiral-arm model, the whole set of data is consistent with a monotonic precession of the spiral pattern, which has completed almost two revolutions since 1991. Thus, we favor the spiral-arm model, which, through the precession period, implies a black hole mass that is consistent with the observed stellar velocity dispersion. In contrast, the elliptical-disk model requires a mass that is an order of magnitude lower. Finally, we have found tentative evidence of the emergence of an accretion disk wind, which we hope to explore further with future observations.
Molecular basis for the mechanism of action of an anti-TACE antibody

ABSTRACT Inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE) have potential as therapeutics for various diseases. Many small molecule inhibitors, however, exhibit poor specificity profiles because they target the highly conserved catalytic cleft of TACE. We report for the first time the molecular interaction of a highly specific anti-TACE antagonistic antibody (MEDI3622). We characterized the binding of MEDI3622 using mutagenesis, as well as structural modeling and docking approaches. We show that MEDI3622 recognizes a unique surface loop of sIVa-sIVb β-hairpin on TACE M-domain, but does not interact with the conserved catalytic cleft or its nearby regions. The exquisite specificity of MEDI3622 is mediated by this distinct structural feature on the TACE M-domain. These findings may aid the design of antibody therapies against TACE.
ENUMERATION OF HOMOTOPY CLASSES OF FINITE T0 TOPOLOGICAL SPACES

We present a method for enumerating all homotopy equivalence classes for finite spaces of a given size. This work expands on the methods of May, Barmak and Minian in classifying homotopy equivalence as an isomorphism of a certain subgraph of the Hasse diagram of the space called the minimal core. We thus convert the topological notion of homotopy equivalence into purely graph theoretical terms, allowing us to apply the methods of Brinkmann and McKay for enumerating all posets of a given size. An algorithm is developed, which we run to give exact figures for the number of homotopy classes for small spaces. Finally, we show that in fact, the number of homotopy classes of spaces is asymptotically equal to the number of all posets on n vertices.
Nitric oxide-sensitive and -insensitive contractions of the isolated rabbit iris sphincter muscle.

PURPOSE The rabbit iris sphincter muscle is innervated by cholinergic and tachykinergic nerves that regulate its tone. To clarify the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the postsynaptic regulation of the rabbit iris sphincter muscle tone, the authors examined the effects of NO-related agents on the cholinergic contraction induced by carbamylcholine (carbachol) and the tachykinergic contraction induced by neurokinin A. METHODS The motor activity of the ring-shaped rabbit iris sphincter muscle was measured isometrically. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) was administered between the first and second administrations of carbachol and neurokinin A, each of which induced sustained contraction. The effects of carboxy-2-phenyl-4,4,5,5,-tetramethyl-imidazoline-l-oxyl-3-oxide (carboxy-PTIO, a scavenger of NO radicals), NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NAME, an inhibitor of NO formation from L-arginine), and methylene blue (an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase) on contractions induced by carbachol and neurokinin A also were studied. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) content in the muscle was determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Sodium nitroprusside inhibited carbachol-induced contractions of the iris sphincter muscle in a concentration-dependent manner but had no effect on neurokinin A-induced muscle contractions. Carboxy-PTIO and methylene blue significantly diminished the inhibitory effect of SNP on carbachol-induced contractions. L-NAME had no effect on contractions induced by either carbachol or neurokinin A. Sodium nitroprusside alone increased cyclic GMP accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that SNP inhibited cholinergic contractions mainly through a cyclic GMP-dependent mechanism but did not affect the tachykinergic contractions, indicating that cholinergic contraction is NO sensitive, whereas tachykinergic contraction is NO insensitive. These findings suggest that in rabbits, the cholinergic and tachykinergic responses have distinct features for the fine adjustment of the iris sphincter muscle tone.
A Heuristic Algorithm for Bipartite Community Detection in Social Networks

Analysis on topological characteristics of the network, such as the vertex degree distribution, centrality and community structure, provides valuable insight into the structure and function of the interacting data entities. Community detection is one of the key problems in the field of social network analysis. In the paper, we mainly focus on the two-part division problem for network, i.e., community (or graph) partitioning. Based on the in-depth analysis on the community features of some known partitioning results, a three-stage heuristic algorithm named 3SHP is proposed. At first, two pseudo-centers are identified according to the clue of the diameter path in a network. Then, two heuristic strategies, i.e. the shortest path cutting (SPC) and two-point diffusing (TPD), are introduced to divide the whole network into three parts: two rudimental communities and a set of undecided nodes. Subsequently, an experience rule is used to classify such undecided nodes to produce two final communities. The experiment results show that the 3SHP algorithm is effective, able to yield the best partitioning results in most instances.
The Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm and Functional Graphs

The discrete logarithm problem, and its adaptation to elliptic curves, called the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP) is an open problem in the field of number theory, and its applications to modern cryptographic algorithms are numerous. This paper focuses on a statistical analysis of a modification to the ECDLP, called the x-ECDLP, where one is only given the xcoordinate of a point, instead of the entire point. Focusing only on elliptic curves whose field of definition is smaller than the number of points, this paper attempts to find a statistical indication of underlying structure (or lack thereof) in the ECDLP. Using functional graphs, this translates into discovering certain structure in the functional graphs induced by the ECDLP on a wide range of elliptic curves, and comparing these statistics to what would be expected of a random functional graph. A lack of randomness may translate into an exploitable structure in the ECDLP that would undermine the security of cryptographic algorithms based on this problem. In addition to providing an extensive list of data for small primes, this paper details a generating function for the number of elliptic curve functional graphs (ECFGs).
FORCE ACQUISITION ON SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR VIRTUAL REALITY SURGICAL TRAINING SYSTEM

Surgical training is needed for novice surgeons or medical students to get used to surgical instruments and to practice their skills in order to control and manipulate the surgical tools before a real operation on patients. In surgical education, virtual reality (VR) simulation is a new alternative approach for surgeons to learn and determine their level of capability. This study is to introduce force acquisition on surgical instruments that can obtain real force data at human/tool interface. The measuring surgical instruments are developed for two types of operators which are human and robot. The information of force applied by operators on their instruments during cutting pig's meat is capable of being database for realistic force feedback VR simulation. Moreover, the system is a part of virtual reality surgical training system project which the system can provide accurate force feedback to user.
A Visual Servoing Techinique based on Epipoles Motion Estimation

A new image-based visual servoing, based on the epipolar geometry, is presented. The estimation of the epipoles position, obtained by points correspondences extracted from two different images, allows to control the hand-eye robotic system. The camera-robot motion is achieved from the observation of the epipoles coordinates. Experimental results are presented.
Ontology-drivenEvent Recognitionon Stories

This paperdescribesa systemwhich recognizeseventson stories. Our systemclassifies storiesand populatesa KMi Planetontology with new instancesof classesdefinedin it. Currently, thesystemrecognizeseventswhich can be classifiedasbelongingto a singlecategory andit alsorecognizesoverlappingevents(more thanoneevent is recognizedin the story). In eachcase,the systemprovides a confidence value associatedto the suggestedclassification. In our event recognitionsystemwe use InformationExtractionandMachineLearning technologies.We have testedthissystemusing an archive of storiesdescribingthe academic life of our institution.
Radiation by a relativistic charged particle in self-wakefield in periodic structure

A new elementary mechanism of radiation due to the oscillatory character of a radiation reaction force appearing when a relativistic charged particle moves along a periodic structure without external fields is investigated. It is shown that the non-synchronous spatial harmonics of Cherenkov-type radiation (CR) can give rise to the oscillation of a particle which consequently generates undulator-type radiation (UR). In the spectral region, where the diffraction of generated waves is essential, the radiation manifests itself in the coherent interference of CR and UR. A pure undulator -type radiation takes place only in the wavelength range where the wave diffraction can be neglected. In the case of coherent UR by a bunch of N electrons, the UR power is proportional to N in the forth degree.