Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using PWM-Induced Transient Excitation and Advanced Signal Processing for Zero-Speed Sensorless Control of AC Machines

The sensorless control of induction machines, particularly for operation at low speed, has received significant attention in recent years. To realize a field-oriented control of AC machines that is able to work at zero speed, the most commonly used methods are either sensor-based models or transient-signal-excitation methods. The major disadvantage of present signal-injection methods is that they are intrusive to pulsewidth modulation (PWM). An additional switching sequence has to be embedded in the control that will cause a torque and current ripple. In order to overcome these problems, a new flux-estimation algorithm that uses the phase current derivative to extract the flux-position information is presented. In contrast to previously introduced methods, this new approach operates without additional transient excitation of the machine and requires only fundamental-wave excitation using standard PWM or slightly modified PWM. Furthermore, only the current response in the two active states of PWM is used. This makes it possible to use sensorless control for the whole speed range including overmodulation and removes the distortion and parasitic influence of the zero switching states during the estimation of the flux. Experimental results are presented to validate the applicability of the presented approach.
Design Methodology for Dual-Band Doherty Power Amplifier With Performance Enhancement Using Dual-Band Offset Lines

This paper proposes a design methodology for dual-band Doherty power amplifier (DPA) with performance enhancement using dual-band phase offset lines. In the proposed architecture, 50-dual-band offset lines with arbitrary electric lengths at two frequencies are key components, and a novel analytical design solution has been proposed for their design and implementation. The methodology is validated with the design and fabrication of a 10-W GaN-based DPA for code division multiple access and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access applications at 1960 and 3500 MHz, respectively. The dual-band Doherty amplifier using the proposed design methodology has better performance than the current state of the art. The peak drain efficiency of the amplifier is 59.5% at the first frequency and 49.6% at the second frequency of operation. Compared to balanced mode operation, there is an improvement of more than 10% in drain efficiencies, around 6.5-dB back-off, at both frequencies.
The Incorporation of NMDA Receptors with a Distinct Subunit Composition at Nascent Hippocampal Synapses In Vitro

Activity-dependent synaptic rearrangements during CNS development require NMDA receptor activation. The control of NMDA receptor function by developmentally regulated subunit expression has been proposed as one mechanism for this receptor dependence. We examined the phenotype of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors during the development of synaptic load using the NMDA receptor 2B (NR2B)-selective antagonist ifenprodil. In cultured rat hippocampal neurons when relatively few synapses had formed, the ifenprodil block of EPSCs was less than whole-cell currents, the latter of which included both synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors. At the same developmental stage, we found that extrasynaptic receptors outnumbered synaptic receptors by 3:1; thus whole-cell currents were dominated by the extrasynaptic population. We used the macroscopic kinetics of ifenprodil block to distinguish between the receptor populations. The ifenprodil kinetics of whole-cell currents from neurons before and during the development of synaptic load was comparable with that of whole-cell currents in HEK293 cells transfected with NR1 and NR2B cDNA, indicating that extrasynaptic receptors are largely NR1/NR2B heteromers. In contrast, synaptic receptors included both a highly ifenprodil-sensitive (NR1/NR2B) component as well as a second population with lower ifenprodil sensitivity; the reduced ifenprodil block of EPSCs was attributable to synaptic receptors with lower ifenprodil sensitivity rather than to the appearance of ifenprodil-insensitive (NR1/NR2A) receptors. Our data indicate that the synaptic NMDA receptor complement changes quickly after synapse formation. We suggest that synapses containing predominately NR1/NR2B heteromers represent “immature” sites, whereas mature sites express NMDA receptors with a distinct, presumably triheteromeric, subunit composition.
ERAID : a New Storage Architecture for Mid / Large RAID

Referring to the concept of “distributed virtual disks” in cluster file system, this paper proposes a new storage architecture for mid/large-scale RAID – ERAID, which consists of several different structure SubRAIDs. Clients data can migrate into optimal SubRAID dynamically according to their access characteristics; the number of SubRAID and the structure of each SubRAID can also be adjusted to the evolution of system load, thus the whole ERAID system can always provide a virtual disk for each client to satisfy its I/O need. Simulation results demonstrate significant I/O performance advantage in ERAID, compared with the traditional mid/large-scale RAID5 or RAID1 of the same storage space.
Towards Feasible Instructor Intervention in MOOC discussion forums

Massive Open Online Courses allow numerous people from around the world to have access to knowledge that they otherwise have not. However, high student-to-instructor ratio in MOOCs restricts instructors’ ability to facilitate student learning by intervening in discussions forums, as they do in face-to-face classrooms. Instructors need automated guidance on when and how to intervene in discussion forums. Using a typology of pedagogical interventions derived from prior research, we annotate a large corpus of discussion forum contents to enable supervised machine learning to automatically identify interventions that promote student learning. Such machine learning models may allow building of dashboards to automatically prompt instructors on when and how to intervene in discussion forums. In the longer term, it may be possible to automate these interventions relieving instructors of this effort. Such automated approaches are essential for allowing good pedagogical practices to scale in the context of MOOC discussion forums.
Intensity-difference based 3D video stabilization for planetary robots

In this paper, an algorithm to remove the camera jitter from image sequences captured by planetary robots is investigated. First, the frame to frame surface 3D motion with respect to the camera coordinate system is estimated and integrated over time. The estimation is performed by maximizing a likelihood function of the frame to frame intensity differences measured at key observation points. Then, the jitter is determined as the perspective projection of the difference between the integrated surface 3D translation and a smoothed version of it. Finally, the stabilized video is synthesized by moving the entire content of each image with a displacement vector having the same magnitude but opposite direction to the estimated jitter for that image. The experimental results with synthetic data revealed real time operation with low latency and a reduction of the jitter in a factor of 20. Experimental results with real image sequences captured by a rover platform in indoor and outdoor conditions show very reliable and encouraging stabilization results.
Associations between Sugar Intake from Different Food Sources and Adiposity or Cardio-Metabolic Risk in Childhood and Adolescence: The Korean Child–Adolescent Cohort Study

The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity is a serious public health problem associated with co-morbidities in adulthood, as well as childhood. This study was conducted to identify associations between total sugar intake and sugar intake from different foods (fruit, milk, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)), and adiposity and continuous metabolic syndrome scores (cMetS) among Korean children and adolescents using cohort data. The study subjects were children (n = 770) who participated in the 4th year (2008) of the Korean Child–Adolescent Cohort Study (KoCAS). Dietary intake data were collected via three-day 24-h food records, and sugar intake was calculated for the total sugar content of foods using our database compiled from various sources. Anthropometric measurements, assessments of body composition, and blood sample analysis were performed at baseline and at follow-up four years later. The cMetS was calculated based on waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and mean arterial blood pressure. According to multiple linear regression analysis, there were no significant associations between total sugar intake and adiposity and cMetS. However, higher intake of fruit sugar at baseline was significantly associated with lower body mass index (BMI) z-scores and body fat percentages at baseline (β = −0.10, p = 0.02 and β = −0.78, p < 0.01, respectively). At follow-up, sugar intake from fruit at baseline was still negatively associated with the above outcomes, but only the relationship with BMI z-scores retained statistical significance (β = −0.08, p < 0.05). There was a significant positive relationship between consumption of sugar from SSBs and cMetS at baseline (β = 0.04, p = 0.02), but that relationship was not observed at follow-up (p = 0.83). Differences in consumption sugars from fruit and SSBs might play an important role in the risk of adiposity and metabolic disease in children and adolescents. Our results suggest that strategies for reducing sugar intake need to target particular food groups. Consequently, this information could be of value to obesity- and metabolic disease-prevention strategies.
Development and characterization of a brain tumor mimicking fluorescence phantom

Fluorescence guidance using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) for brain tumor resection is a recent technique applied to the highly malignant brain tumors. Five-ALA accumulates as protoporphyrin IX fluorophore in the tumor cells in different concentrations depending on the tumor environment and cell properties. Our group has developed a fluorescence spectroscopy system used with a hand-held probe intra-operatively. The system has shown improvement of fluorescence detection and allows quantification that preliminarily correlates with tumor malignancy grade during surgery. However, quantification of fluorescence is affected by several factors including the initial fluorophore concentration, photobleaching due to operating lamps and attenuation from the blood. Accordingly, an optical phantom was developed to enable controlled fluorescence measurements and evaluation of the system outside of the surgical procedure. The phantom mimicked the optical properties of glioma at the specific fluorescence excitation wavelength when different concentrations of the fluorophore were included in the phantom. To allow evaluation of photobleaching, kinetics of fluorophore molecules in the phantom was restricted by solidifying the phantoms. Moreover, a model for tissue autofluorescence was added. The fluorescence intensity’s correlation with fluorophore concentration in addition to the photobleaching properties were investigated in the phantoms and were compared to the clinical data measured on the brain tumor.
Transient Increase in Cyclic AMP Localized to Macrophage Phagosomes

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) regulates many biological processes and cellular functions. The importance of spatially localized intracellular gradients of cAMP is increasingly appreciated. Previous work in macrophages has shown that cAMP is produced during phagocytosis and that elevated cAMP levels suppress host defense functions, including generation of proinflammatory mediators, phagocytosis and killing. However, the spatial and kinetic characteristics of cAMP generation in phagocytosing macrophages have yet to be examined. Using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cAMP biosensor, we measured the generation of cAMP in live macrophages. We detected no difference in bulk intracellular cAMP levels between resting cells and cells actively phagocytosing IgG-opsonized particles. However, analysis with the biosensor revealed a rapid decrease in FRET signal corresponding to a transient burst of cAMP production localized to the forming phagosome. cAMP levels returned to baseline after the particle was internalized. These studies indicate that localized increases in cAMP accompany phagosome formation and provide a framework for a more complete understanding of how cAMP regulates macrophage host defense functions.
Decreased asialotransferrin in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with childhood-onset ataxia and central nervous system hypomyelination/vanishing white matter disease.

BACKGROUND A biomarker for the diagnosis of childhood-onset ataxia and central nervous system hypomyelination (CACH)/vanishing white matter disease (VWM) would have clinical utility and pathophysiologic significance. METHODS We used 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry to compare the cerebrospinal fluid proteome of patients with mutation-confirmed CACH/VWM with that of unaffected controls. We characterized selected spots by in-gel digestion, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, and nanospray Fourier transform mass spectrometry. RESULTS A specific transferrin spot pattern was detected in the CSF samples of the CACH/VWM group (n = 7), distinguishing them from the control group (n = 23) and revealing that patients with CACH/VWM have a deficiency of the asialo form of transferrin usually present in healthy cerebrospinal fluid. The glycopeptide structure, determined from isolated transferrin spots by use of in-gel digestion and extraction, was found to be consistent with earlier reports. CONCLUSIONS The transferrin isoform abnormality in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with CACH/VWM appears unique and is a potential clinical diagnostic biomarker. The rapid, efficient diagnosis of this disorder would have a significant impact on clinical studies exploring new strategies for the management and treatment of this disease.
The activity-dependent histone variant H2BE modulates the life span of olfactory neurons

We have identified a replication-independent histone variant, Hist2h2be (referred to herein as H2be), which is expressed exclusively by olfactory chemosensory neurons. Levels of H2BE are heterogeneous among olfactory neurons, but stereotyped according to the identity of the co-expressed olfactory receptor (OR). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrate that changes in H2be expression affect olfactory function and OR representation in the adult olfactory epithelium. We show that H2BE expression is reduced by sensory activity and that it promotes neuronal cell death, such that inactive olfactory neurons display higher levels of the variant and shorter life spans. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of H2BE differ from those of the canonical H2B, consistent with a role for H2BE in altering transcription. We propose a physiological function for H2be in modulating olfactory neuron population dynamics to adapt the OR repertoire to the environment. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.00070. 001
Multichannel audio source separation with probabilistic reverberation modeling

In this paper we show that considering early contributions of mixing filters through a probabilistic prior can help blind source separation in reverberant recording conditions. By modeling mixing filters as the direct path plus R-1 reflections, we represent the propagation from a source to a mixture channel as an autoregressive process of order R in the frequency domain. This model is used as a prior to derive a Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimation of the mixing filters using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. Experimental results over reverberant synthetic mixtures and live recordings show that MAP estimation with this prior provides better separation results than a Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation.
Proteomic Identification of Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-6 Induced by Sublethal H2O2 Stress from Human Diploid Fibroblasts*

Fibroblasts are the most ubiquitous cell types within our body. They produce various factors to maintain the texture and structure of a particular organ or tissue. To identify protein factors secreted by fibroblasts and alteration of these protein factors upon oxidative stress, HCA3 human skin diploid fibroblasts were exposed to a sublethal dose of H2O2, which induces a prematurely senescent phenotype. Conditioned media from prematurely senescent cells versus control cells were analyzed for proteins using an LC-MS/MS-based proteomic technique. Collagen α1(VI), collagen α2(I), fibronectin, lumican, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 were among the proteins consistently detected from control and H2O2-treated cells. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6) consistently showed up in the conditioned medium of H2O2-treated cells but not from untreated cells. Increased IGFBP-6 production due to H2O2 treatment was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. While H2O2 induced a dose-dependent elevation of IGFBP-6 mRNA, Western blot analyses detected elevated levels of IGFBP-6 protein in the conditioned medium of H2O2-treated cells. In comparison, fibronectin or matrix metalloproteinase 2 did not show changes at the mRNA level in cell lysates or at the protein level in the conditioned medium by H2O2 treatment. Using several types of toxins at sublethal doses, including cis-platin, hydroxyurea, colchicine, l-mimosine, rhodamine, dithiothreitol, or N-ethylmaleimide, we found that these agents induced increases of IGFBP-6 at mRNA and protein levels. An increased level of IGFBP-6 protein was detected in the plasma of aging mice and of young mice treated with doxorubicin. These data suggest that IGFBP-6 may serve as a sensitive biomarker of cell degeneration or injury in vitro and in vivo.
A Multi-level Fidelity-Preserving Bandwidth-Limited Worm Simulation Model and Its Application

Worm validation experiments are very important for worm research. A major method to conduct these experiments is through simulation. However, almost all of the existing worm simulation models inherently face a rigid fidelity-scalability tradeoff problem. In this paper, we propose a multi-level fidelity-preserving worm simulation model aiming to solve this problem. Our model is composed of a set of different components, and the fidelity of every component can be adjusted to meet different fidelity-scalability tradeoff requirements by changing the abstraction level of the component model. Thus, the overall fidelity of the worm simulation model can be adjusted at a finer granularity, enabling the new model to flexibly trade fidelity with scalability, or vice versa, depending on specific requirements. In addition, we also present the methodology on how to construct the multi-level fidelity-preserving bandwidth-limited worm simulation model and how to use the model to validate the effectiveness of defense strategies.
Discovery Procedures for Sublanguage Selectional Patterns: Initial Experiments

Selectional constraints specify, for a particular domain, the combinations of semantic classes acceptable in subject-verb-object relationships and other syntactic structures. These constraints are important in blocking incorrect analyses in natural language processing systems. However, these constraints are domain-specific and hence must be developed anew when a system is ported to a new domain. A discovery procedure for selectional constraints is therefore essential in enhancing the portability of such systems.This paper describes a semi-automated procedure for collecting the co-occurrence patterns from a sample of texts in a domain, and then using these patterns as the basis for selectional constraints in analyzing further texts. We discuss some of the difficulties in automating the collection process, and describe two experiments that measure the completeness of these patterns and their effectiveness compared with manually-prepared patterns. We then describe and evaluate a procedure for selectional constraint relaxation, intended to compensate for gaps in the set of patterns. Finally, we suggest how these procedures could be combined with a system that queries a domain expert, in order to produce a more efficient discovery procedure.
The Threshold for Random kSAT is 2 k ( ln 2 + o ( 1 ) )

Let Fk(n, m) be a random k-SAT formula with n variables and m clauses selected uniformly and independently among all 2 ( n k ) possible k-clauses. It is well-known that if r ≥ 2 ln 2 then Fk(n, rn) is unsatisfiable with probability 1 − o(1). We prove that there exists a sequence tk = O(k) such that if r ≤ 2 ln 2 − tk, then Fk(n, rn) is satisfiable with probability 1 − o(1). ∗Research supported by NSF Grant DMS-0104073 and a Miller Professorship at UC Berkeley. Part of this work was done while visiting Microsoft Research.
The taxonomic status of Dugesia biblica from Israel and Turkey (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae)

Abstract The taxonomic status of Dugesia biblica (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Israel and Turkey is problematic due to its morphological similarity with Dugesia sicula since these nominal species present overlapping characters. In this study we analyzed histological preparations of specimens of these two nominal species and also compared mitochondrial COI gene sequences from Israeli populations to the already known haplotype composition of Dugesia sicula. We concluded that these animals belong to the same species and therefore we consider Dugesia biblica to be a junior synonym of Dugesia sicula. This implies that the distribution range of Dugesia sicula is even wider than previously thought, and that the species is present all around the Mediterranean Basin and on many of its islands.
A review on the molecular diagnostics of Lynch syndrome: a central role for the pathology laboratory

• Lynch syndrome • Identification of patients at risk for Lynch syndrome • Molecular basis of Lynch syndrome and sporadic MMR‐deficient tumours • Molecular diagnostics of Lynch syndrome • Description of molecular analyses ‐ MSI analysis ‐ Immunohistochemistry ‐ MLH1 promoter hypermethylation assay ‐ BRAF mutation analysis • Limitations of molecular analyses • Conclusions
Social status and mortality with activity of daily living disability in later life.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess which social status factors predispose a person to dying with activity of daily living (ADL) disability in later life. METHODS We followed 243 deceased members of the Swiss Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on the Oldest Old annually up to 8 years before their deaths. Using a multilevel regression, we analyzed age at death, gender, occupational category, and geographic area as potential factors predisposing a person to ending life with ADL disability. RESULTS Disability scores showed a substantial increase as death approached. Individuals from a lower occupational category were at higher risk of ADL disability and experienced a greater functional decline prior to death compared to those from higher occupational categories. DISCUSSION Consistent with the cumulative disadvantage theoretical framework, the health differential between the occupational categories seems to be exacerbated prior to death.
Le Petit Prince in UNL

The present paper addresses the process and the results of the interpretation of the integral text of “Le Petit Prince” (Little Prince), the famous novel by Antoine de Saint-Exupery, from French into UNL. The original text comprised 1,684 interpretation units (15,513 words), which were sorted according to their similarity, from the shortest to the longest ones, and which were then projected into a UNL graph structure, composed of semantic directed binary relations linking nodes associated to the synsets of the corresponding original lexical items. The whole UNL-ization process was carried-out manually and the results have been used as the main resource in a natural language generation project involving already 27 languages.