Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Throughput Low Delay Wireless Multicast via Multi-Channel Moving Window Codes

A fundamental challenge in wireless multicast has been how to simultaneously achieve high-throughput and low-delay for reliably serving a large number of users. In this paper, we show how to harness substantial throughput and delay gains by exploiting multi-channel resources. We develop a new scheme called Multi-Channel Moving Window Codes (MC-MWC) for multi-channel multi-session wireless multicast. The salient features of MC-MWC are three-fold. (i) High throughput: we show that MC-MWC achieves order-optimal throughput in the many-user many-channel asymptotic regime. Moreover, the number of channels required by a conventional channel-allocation based scheme is shown to be doubly-exponentially larger than that required by MC-MWC. (ii) Low delay: using large deviations theory, we show that the delay of MC-MWC decreases linearly with the number of channels, while the delay reduction of conventional schemes is no more than a finite constant. (iii) Low feedback overhead: the feedback overhead of MC-MWC is a constant that is independent of both the number of receivers in each session and the number of sessions in the network. Finally, our trace-driven simulation and numerical results validate the analytical results and show that the implementation complexity of MC-MWC is low.
Bribery in Indonesia: some evidence from micro-level data

This paper outlines and tests a model in which firms seek to reduce the cost of taxes and regulatory compliance by offering bribes to government officials. It finds that firms' profitability (scaled by production costs) largely determines both the amounts paid and the time spent negotiating bribes with officials. Competition between arms of the bureaucracy for bribe income seems to be a result of decentralisation, but the analysis suggests that this competition would lead to a spreading of bribes among a larger number of officials rather than to a significant increase in their total amount. Local governments may be able to raise more revenue by reducing the number of taxes and regulations and using part of the increased revenue to raise the salaries of officials, while devoting more effort to restraining corrupt behaviour. But progress may be blocked by central government tax officials increasing their demands for bribes.
Long-Run Income and Interest Elasticities of Money Demand in the United States

This study investigates the stability of long-run log-linear demand functions for narrowly defined monetary aggregates (M1, Monetary Base) in the U.S. during the post World War II period. The hypotheses that the individual time series which appear in such equations (real M1, real Monetary Base, real Personal Income and short-term and long-term nominal interest rates) all have unit roots cannot be rejected. The primary conclusion of this study is that with proper attention to the time series properties of the available data, there exists strong evidence in support of a stable equilibrium demand function for real balances in the post-World War II U.S. economy. The hypothesis of a unitary equilibrium real income elasticity (a velocity function) cannot be rejected. Further, the estimates of equilibrium interest elasticities are approximately -. 5 to -. 6 for real M1 and -. 4 to -. 5 for real monetary base. The estimated interest elasticities are significantly different statistically depending on whether long- term or short-term interest rates are used, but the observed differences in these estimates are not of economic significance.
Alcohol use and reported physician visits in older adults.

BACKGROUND In general, older adults use a greater proportion of health care services than other age segments of the population. Alcohol abusers also use a greater proportion of health care services than alcohol nonabusers. Therefore we expected that among older adults, alcohol consumption would be positively related to health service use. In a sample of older adults, this study examined the relationship between alcohol consumption and an indicator of health service use--the self-reported number of physician visits. METHODS Data obtained on adult participants in the 1990 National Health Interview Survey, age 60 and older (n = 10,522), were examined. The number of physician visits was regressed on health status and alcohol consumption measures. RESULTS Counter to a priori expectations, alcohol consumption was negatively associated with physician visits. This finding was obtained after adjusting for respondent sex and health status measures. CONCLUSIONS Other research suggests that the rates of alcohol-related hospital admissions among older adults are on par with those of myocardial infarctions--an indication that harmful use of alcohol in older adults is going undetected. We found heavier alcohol consumption associated with fewer physician visits. This underscores the need for a better understanding of the role alcohol serves in the health perceptions of older adults. Broadening our knowledge in this area would be of benefit not only to the well-being of individuals also for health services policy considerations.
IV. Expressed Emotion and Relapse

The relatives of 82 patients in a study of first episodes of schizophrenia were interviewed within six weeks of the index admission; 77 patients were subsequently discharged, and were followed to relapse or readmission. Analysis of relapse-free survival time was used to examine whether the components of ‘expressed emotion’ predicted relapse or response to neuroleptic medication: ‘critical comments' by relatives was the only component present often enough to be used and was inversely related to ‘social contact’. When preadmission duration of illness, and neuroleptic medication following discharge (identified previously as significant predictors of outcome) were taken into account, neither ‘critical comments' nor ‘social contact’ were related to outcome nor to response to medication. The constellation of factors suggested as pathogenic was present only in a minority of cases: many patients lived alone and of those that were with families, most were not in high face-to-face contact with other members. The failure of the components of ‘expressed emotion’ to predict outcome or response to neuroleptic medication suggests that at best, such factors are weak predictors of liability to relapse. Their influence is unlikely to be comparable in magnitude to that of neuroleptic medication.
Improved 2Tier cooperative caching scheme for internet based vehicular adhoc networks (IVANETs)

IVANETs (Internet Based Vehicular Adhoc Networks) are the adhoc networks formed by moving vehicles without any permanent infrastructure and are characterized by frequent disconnections, frequent topological changes, as vehicles move at very high speed and can take unpredictable turns on their route. So their cached data items become stale, need to be updated from the server and it results in high data traffic and long query delays. In such circumstances, data availability and data consistency becomes very crucial. Availability of consistent and updated data is one of the important requirements in VANETs. Cooperative caching concept is beneficial to reduce the query latency time as well as network traffic as vehicles can share their cached content and uplink connections to the server is reduced. In our paper we are proposing a cooperative caching scheme which is an improvement over existing 2Tier CoCS (2tier Cooperative Caching Scheme).
Leadership: professional communities of leadership practice in post-compulsory education

Summary: This is a paper that reviews and outlines the academic basis behind leadership in the post-compulsory setting. Description: Leadership has been for some years a key area of strategic and operational importance in the UK post-compulsory sector - this publication aims to addresss some of the issues surrounding this topic. It discusses theories and definitions of leadership, leader professionalism and post-compulsory education. A collaborative model of professional leadership is recommended, informed by authentic, democratic dialogue with practitioners. Coalitions that foster professional networking and collaborative leadership can be creatively developed through the establishment of intentionally designed communities of leadership practice. The CAMEL (Collaborative Approaches to the Management of e-Learning) JISC infoNet HEFCE/LGM-funded model for communities of practice is discussed as one model which provides a useful template for the development of shared knowledge through professional communities of practice in collaborative leadership. It is argued that this provides a helpful way of enabling and supporting leaders to advance their understanding and ‘know how' in leadership practices in a sector currently facing significant challenges from demanding external targets and continuous monitoring in an ‘audit culture’. The publication also and gives examples of good practice and many references and links for information.
Serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels are associated with infarct volumes and long-term outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) plays a significant role in stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the serum MIF level with both infarct volume and long-term outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: This study included 146 patients who were identified within 24 h of first experiencing AIS symptoms. Serum MIF levels were tested at the time of admission and three months later. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk and long-term outcome of stroke according to serum MIF level. Results: Serum MIF levels were only higher in acute-stage AIS patients compared with those of the normal controls (p < 0.0001). Chronic-stage serum MIF levels were significantly lower than acute-stage serum MIF levels (p < 0.001) and were similar to serum MIF levels in the controls (p = 0.392). The serum MIF level was positively associated with infarct volume (r = 0.5515, p < 0.0001) and NIHSS score (r = 0.5190, p < 0.0001). After adjusting for other significant outcome predictors, the serum MIF level was an independent predictor of long-term outcome, with an adjusted OR of 1.113 (p = 0.005, 95% CI: 1.051–1.238). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that serum MIF levels were significantly increased after AIS. Serum MIF levels at admission were positively correlated with infarct volume and long-term outcome in patients with AIS. The serum MIF level could serve as a useful prognostic marker in patients with AIS.
Social Media in Emergencies

The value of social media in crises, disasters, and emergencies across different events (e.g. floods, storms, terroristic attacks), countries, and for heterogeneous participants (e.g. citizens, emergency services) is now well-attested. Existing work has examined the potentials and weaknesses of its use during specific events. Fewer studies, however, have focused on citizens' perceptions of social media in emergencies, and none have deployed a representative sample to examine this. We present the results of the first representative study on citizens' perception of social media in emergencies that we have conducted in Germany. Our study highlights, for example, that around half (45%) of people have used social media during an emergency to share and or look for information. In contrast, false rumours on social media (74%) are perceived as a threat. Moreover, only a minority of people have downloaded a smartphone app for emergencies (16%), with the most popular ones' weather and first aid apps.
Implementation of taylor type rules in nascent money and capital markets under managed exchange rates

7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . 8 CHAPTER 1 . 10 IMPLEMENTATION OF TAYLOR TYPE RULES IN NASCENT MONEY AND CAPITAL MARKETS UNDER MANAGED EXCHANGE RATES . 10 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 10 2.0 RATIONAL FOR STUDY . 14 2.1 Development of Hypotheses . 16 3.0 CONCLUSION . 22 CHAPTER 2 . 24 LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE APPLICATION OF THE TRANSMISSION OF THE TAYLOR RULE TO THE OPEN ECONOMY . 24 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 24 2.0 RATIONALE FOR MONETARY POLICY RULES . 25 3.0 OUTLINE OF THE CLOSED ECONOMY TAYLOR RULE . 26 4.0 INCORPORATION OF THE TAYLOR RULE INTO THE OPEN ECONOMY . 28 5.0 OPEN ECONOMY TRANSMISSION . 30 6.0 THE GALÍ AND MONACELLI (2005) MODEL . 34 6.1 The Household’s Problem . 35 6.2 Effects of Openness on Prices . 43 6.3 International Risk Sharing . 47 6.4 Uncovered Interest Parity and the Terms of Trade . 49 6.5 Firms . 50 6.5. 1 Technology . 50 6.5. 2 Price Setting . 52 6.6 IS and Phillips curves . 53 6.6.1 Examination of the Demand side . 53 6.6.2 Derivation of the IS curve . 58 6.7 Supply Side of the Economy . 60 6.8 The Monetary Reaction Function . 64 7.0 IMPLICATIONS OF THE IS AND PC FOR THE MONETARY REACTION FUNCTION . 66 8.0 LIMITATIONS OF THE GALÍ AND MONACELLI (2005) MODEL . 69 9.0 CONCLUSION . 71
Does stock market volatility forecast returns

W hen stock market risk, or volatility, increases, risk-averse investors tend to reduce their holding of equities relative to safe assets such as Treasury bills. Thus, to induce investors to hold a broadly measured stock market index, the expected excess stock market return—the difference between the return on the stock market index and a risk-free rate—has to rise. Such a positive relation between stock market volatility and returns is an important prediction of the widely accepted capital asset pricing model. The level of volatility tends to persist over time, and, hence, we expect that past volatility should provide some indication of future stock market returns. Several studies, however, have found that volatility, by itself, explains little of the variation of stock market returns. We replicate this result in the accompanying table. Quarterly realized vola tility is measured by the sum of the squared daily stock market returns in a quarter. We regress quarterly excess returns, measured by the difference between the return on the Standard & Poor’s 500 index and the yield on three-month Treasury bills, on this measure of volatility. Row 1 shows that the adjusted R2 from this regression is 0.01, indicating that volatility accounts for only about 1 percent of the variation of the one-quarter-ahead excess stock market return. The weak estimated relationship between stock market volatility and returns may reflect the fact that other factors also affect stock prices. For example, Guo (2000) shows that, in addition to the risk premium, a liquidity premium is also an important component of excess stock market returns.1 Intuitively, if investors have excess liquidity, they might be willing to hold stocks when expected return is low, even though expected volatility is high. However, the theory still stipulates a positive relation between stock market volatility and returns after taking into account the liquidity premium. Although the liquidity premium is not directly observable in data, the consumption-to-wealth ratio is a suitable proxy for it. Row 2 shows that the one-quarter-lagged consumption-to-wealth ratio has predictive power for excess stock market returns.2 Moreover, when this proxy for liquidity is included in the regression, we find that past volatility explains a significant portion of excess stock returns (row 3). Thus, theory and empirical evidence both indicate that stock market returns increase when volatility rises.
Predicting therapist effectiveness from their own practice-based evidence.

OBJECTIVE Differences between therapists (therapist effect) are often larger than differences between treatments (treatment effect) in explaining client outcomes, and thus should be considered relevant to providing optimal treatment to clients. However, research on therapist effectiveness has focused largely on global measures of distress as opposed to a multidimensional assessment, and has failed to risk-adjust for client characteristics. The purpose of this study was to examine the stability and predictive validity of therapist effectiveness across multiple outcome domains using risk-adjusted outcomes. METHOD Initial and follow-up outcome data on the Treatment Outcome Package (Kraus, Seligman, & Jordan, 2005) were collected on 3,540 clients who were treated in naturalistic settings by a sample of 59 therapists. After risk-adjusting outcomes based on case-mix variables using random forest models, outcome data from the first 30 clients of each therapist were used to classify each therapist's effectiveness on 12 outcome domains. These results were then compared with outcome data from the therapist's next 30 clients. RESULTS Results demonstrated that therapist effectiveness was relatively stable, although somewhat domain specific. Therapists classified as "exceptional" were significantly more likely to remain above average with future cases, suggesting that a therapist's past performance is an important predictor of their future performance. CONCLUSIONS Clients are likely to experience differential benefit depending on the particular therapist and his or her strengths. Clinical outcomes may be improved by developing the best possible prediction model for each new client and then providing that client with referrals to therapists with well-matched strengths. (PsycINFO Database Record
Unemployment in early career in the UK

In this article, I analyse the consequences of unemployment on the re-entry occupational status and subsequent occupational status growth of different educational groups in the first years of employment in the UK. I argue that phases of unemployment mean different things for different educational groups. The sequential nature of job offers causes job searchers either to accept a job offer immediately or to wait for the next offer. Higher aspirations and higher levels of savings mean that high-educated people are more likely to wait until they are offered a job that improves their occupational position. In the case of low-educated workers, however, waiting for a better job offer might not be the best strategy, because they might never get one; in addition, the low level of unemployment benefits from previous salaries, the regime of sanctions linked to the right to receive unemployment benefits and low household incomes push them into employment. I use growth curve models and parameterize in one model both the pre-unemployment and the post-unemployment phases. Based on British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) data, the results confirm my argumentation: high-educated people gain status while low-educated entrants lose status upon re-entering the labour market after unemployment.
PARASITE‐MEDIATED SELECTION AGAINST INBRED SOAY SHEEP IN A FREE‐LIVING ISLAND POPULATON

Parasites are thought to provide a selective force capable of promoting genetic variation in natural populations. One rarely considered pathway for this action is via parasite‐mediated selection against inbreeding. If parasites impose a fitness cost on their host and the offspring of close relatives have greater susceptibility to parasites due to the increased homozygosity that results from inbreeding, then parasite‐mediated mortality may select against inbred individuals. This hypothesis has not yet been tested within a natural vertebrate population. Here we show that relatively inbred Soay sheep (Ovis aries), as assessed by microsatellite heterozygosity, are more susceptible to parasitism by gastrointestinal nematodes, with interactions indicating greatest susceptibility among adult sheep at high population density. During periods of high overwinter mortality on the island of Hirta, St. Kilda, Scotland, highly parasitised individuals were less likely to survive. More inbred individuals were also less likely to survive, which is due to their increased susceptibility to parasitism, because survival was random with respect to inbreeding among sheep that were experimentally cleared of their gastrointestinal parasite burden by anthelminthic treatment. As a consequence of this selection, average microsatellite heterozygosity increases with age in St. Kildan Soay sheep. We suggest that parasite‐mediated selection acts to maintain genetic variation in this small island population by removing less heterozygous individuals.
Identification of Potential Ligand Molecule and Drug Docking Studies on Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (Human) using Chem Informatics Techniques

The leiomodin 1 protein has a putative membrane-spanning region and 2 types of tandemly repeated blocks. The transcript is expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest levels in thyroid, eye muscle, skeletal muscle, and ovary. Increased expression of leiomodin 1 may be linked to Graves' disease and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. From these insilico research studies we understand the molecular 3 D structure and drug binding sites of the Leiomodin, receptor (LMOD1) and also design the potential drug candidates using Cheminformatics tools and databases. The major benefits of the designed de novo drug is to reduce the thyroid problems as well as decrease inflammatory and stress related problems The scope of the present project lies in the field of, Pharmaco-informatics and Cheminformatics.
Micro-enterprise growth: Lessons from home-based business in New Zealand

Abstract Business growth serves a major role in economic development and employment. This paper focuses on growth of micro-enterprises which represent significant proportions of firms in most economies. Using an empirical survey, the importance of key business processes and resources for growth of micro home-based businesses (HBB) is identified and reported by geographic sales scope (local, regional, national and international). The analysis includes evaluation of business indicators, growth strategies, financial resources, social capital, marketing activities, human capital and other core resources for business growth. Results demonstrate the importance of the personal aspirations, energy, commitment, priorities and social networks of the owner/managers, combined with core functional business activities and growth strategies. Similarly, valuing family, industry links and external advisors equally demonstrates the interconnection of personal and business factors. Of the significant differences by geographic sales scale, only five showed increasing importance with increasing scale and market scope.
A Guide to Development

The guide proposes a simple model consisting of a set of divergent and convergent activities with reviews before continuing to the next phase of development. The use of the model is designed to improve the productivity of those associated with development. None of the individual tasks is novel; the key to increasing the chances of success lies in the commitment and common understanding which can be generated. Examples are given relating to the chemical industry and to software engineering. Keywords: Development methodology, chemical processes, software engineering.
Relation Based Access Control: Logic and Policies

The Web 2.0, GRID applications and more recently semantic desktop applications are bringing the Web to a situation where more and more data and metadata are shared and made available to large user groups. Things are further complicated by the highly unpredictable and autonomous dynamics of data, users, permissions and access control rules. For this novel scenario, a new access control model, Relation-Based Access Control (RelBAC) is proposed which allows subjects, objects and permissions to be dened independently. The key property which makes this possible is that permissions are modeled as relations between subjects and objects. RelBAC is formalized using the Description Logic ALCQIBO, which allows to perform policy management, e.g., Separation of Duties via automated reasoning.