Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interplay between Syntax and Semantics during Sentence Comprehension: ERP Effects of Combining Syntactic and Semantic Violations

This study investigated the effects of combined semantic and syntactic violations in relation to the effects of single semantic and single syntactic violations on language-related event-related brain potential (ERP) effects (N400 and P600/ SPS). Syntactic violations consisted of a mismatch in grammatical gender or number features of the definite article and the noun in sentence-internal or sentence-final noun phrases (NPs). Semantic violations consisted of semantically implausible adjectivenoun combinations in the same NPs. Combined syntactic and semantic violations were a summation of these two respective violation types. ERPs were recorded while subjects read the sentences with the different types of violations and the correct control sentences. ERP effects were computed relative to ERPs elicited by the sentence-internal or sentence-final nouns. The size of the N400 effect to the semantic violation was increased by an additional syntactic violation (the syntactic boost). In contrast, the size of the P600/ SPS to the syntactic violation was not affected by an additional semantic violation. This suggests that in the absence of syntactic ambiguity, the assignment of syntactic structure is independent of semantic context. However, semantic integration is influenced by syntactic processing. In the sentence-final position, additional global processing consequences were obtained as a result of earlier violations in the sentence. The resulting increase in the N400 amplitude to sentence-final words was independent of the nature of the violation. A speeded anomaly detection task revealed that it takes substantially longer to detect semantic than syntactic anomalies. These results are discussed in relation to the latency and processing characteristics of the N400 and P600/SPS effects. Overall, the results reveal an asymmetry in the interplay between syntax and semantics during on-line sentence comprehension.
DNA evidence for elephant social behaviour breakdown in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda

Elephant social structure is matrilineal, with family units composed only of maternally related females and their juvenile offspring, while adult males are mostly solitary and seldom congregate into bachelor herds. In such a social structure, we expect females in the same family unit to have the same mitochondrial genome, which may or may not differ from that of individuals in other family units in the population. Such social structuring also results in the mating males and females having different allele frequencies at nuclear microsatellite loci. This is manifested as an excess of heterozygotes relative to the expected Hardy‐Weinberg proportions, a phenomenon which maintains genetic variation within the population by minimizing inbreeding. We analyzed mitochondrial nucleotide sequences and allele frequencies at four microsatellite loci in nine family units of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in Queen Elizabeth National Park and found more than one distinct mitochondrial genotype in three of the family units and no significant excess heterozygosity at microsatellite loci in eight of the families. We interpreted these findings as an indication of a breakdown in social structure of this population caused by social stress due to factors like excessive poaching that has taken place in this national park over the last three decades. Ecological and management implications of these findings for elephant populations are discussed.
Modeling individual complaint behavior in daily office environment using a novel one-class, multi-linear classifier

Learning the model of user's thermal complaints in the daily office environment and apply it to the control of Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is more user-friendly and intelligent. But the modeling of complaint behavior is challenging because of the stochastic complaint time, unbalanced sample sets, individual differences and uncertainties. Most existing human comfort models are not feasible under those conditions. In this paper, we propose a novel one-class (complaint only) classifier to model individual human complaints. The method extracts the pare-to-frontier set of the samples of each individual and uses a multi-linear classifier to describe the boundary of the complaint region in parameter space. Virtual no-complaint samples are synthesized to calculate the classifiers' false positive rate. Real experimental results show that the method have lower false negative rate than traditional classifiers, which have more significant value in avoiding complaints. We also propose a method to do trade-off between false negative rate and false positive rate.
28. Particle Detectors 28.1. Summary of Detector Spatial Resolution, Temporal Resolution, and Deadtime

In this section we give various parameters for common detector components. The quoted numbers are usually based on typical devices, and should be regarded only as rough approximations for new designs. More detailed discussions of detectors and their underlying physics can be found in books by Ferbel [1], Grupen [2], Kleinknecht [3], Knoll [4], and Green [5]. In Table 28.1 are given typical resolutions and deadtimes of common detectors.
Esterification and Deacidification of a Waste Cooking Oil (TAN 68.81 mg KOH/g) for Biodiesel Production

Oils with high content of free fatty acid (FFA) can be treated by acid esterification where an alcohol reacts with the given oil in the presence of acid catalyst. The investigated parameters include methanol to oil ratio, temperature and amount of catalyst. The optimum conditions for acid esterification which could reduce FFA content in the feedstock to less than 1.88% (acid value 3.76 mg KOH/g waste cooking oil) were 50 °C, 20% methanol to oil ratio (by volume) and 0.4 vol.% H 2 SO 4 after 5 h. However, oil with an acid value of more than 1 mg KOH/g oil cannot meet the alkaline catalyzed transesterification conditions. Under the conditions of NaOH concentration 0.5 N, excess alkali 15%, 60 °C, 40 min, the FFA removal rate for deacidification reached 77.11% (acid value 0.86 mg KOH/g esterified oil). The acid value of deacidification product was reduced below 0.86 mg KOH/g esterified oil, thus meeting the base-catalyzed trans-esterification conditions.
The Krüppel-like zinc finger protein Glis3 directly and indirectly activates insulin gene transcription

Glis3 is a member of the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors and is highly expressed in islet β cells. Mutations in GLIS3 cause the syndrome of neonatal diabetes and congenital hypothyroidism (NDH). Our aim was to examine the role of Glis3 in β cells, specifically with regard to regulation of insulin gene transcription. We demonstrate that insulin 2 (Ins2) mRNA expression in rat insulinoma 832/13 cells is markedly increased by wild-type Glis3 overexpression, but not by the NDH1 mutant. Furthermore, expression of both Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA is downregulated when Glis3 is knocked down by siRNA. Glis3 binds to the Ins2 promoter in the cell, detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Deletion analysis of Ins2 promoter identifies a sequence (5′-GTCCCCTGCTGTGAA-3′) from −255 to −241 as the Glis3 response element and binding occur specifically via the Glis3 zinc finger region as revealed by mobility shift assays. Moreover, Glis3 physically and functionally interacts with Pdx1, MafA and NeuroD1 to modulate Ins2 promoter activity. Glis3 also may indirectly affect insulin promoter activity through upregulation of MafA and downregulation of Nkx6-1. This study uncovers a role of Glis3 for regulation of insulin gene expression and expands our understanding of its role in the β cell.
Gaps as characters in sequence-based phylogenetic analyses.

In the analysis of sequence-based data matrices, the use of different methods of treating gaps has been demonstrated to in? fluence the resulting phylogenetic hypothe? ses (e.g., Eernisse and Kluge, 1993; Vogler and DeSalle, 1994; Simons and Mayden, 1997). Despite this influence, a well-justi? fied, uniformly applied method of treating gaps is lacking in sequence-based phyloge? netic studies. Treatment of gaps varies widely from secondarily mapping gaps onto the tree inferred from base characters
The Effect of Gabapentin on Acute Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gabapentin versus placebo for pain control after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In December 2015, a systematic computer-based search was conducted in the Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Google, and Chinese Wanfang databases. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement criteria. The primary endpoint was the visual analogue scale (VAS) score after TKA with rest or mobilization at 24 and 48 hours, representing the efficacy of pain control after TKA. Cumulative morphine consumption via patient controlled anesthesia (PCA) was also assessed to determine the morphine-spare effect. Complications such as dizziness, pruritus, vomiting, nausea, and sedation were also compiled to assess the safety of gabapentin. Stata 12.0 software was used for the meta-analysis. After testing for publication bias and heterogeneity across studies, the data were aggregated for random-effects modeling whenever necessary. Six studies involving 769 patients met the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis revealed that gabapentin resulted in superior pain relief compared to the control group in terms of VAS score with rest at 24 hours (mean difference [MD] = −3.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] −6.16 to −0.77; P = 0.012) and at 48 hours postoperatively (MD = −2.25; 95% CI −4.21 to −0.30; P = 0.024). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to the VAS score at 24 hours postoperatively (MD = 1.05; 95% CI −3.31 to 5.42; P = 0.636) or at 48 hours (MD = 1.71; 95% CI −0.74 to 4.15; P = 0.171). These results indicated that the perioperative administration of gabapentin decreases the cumulative morphine consumption via PCA at 24 hours (MD = −8.28; 95% CI −12.57 to −3.99; P = 0.000) and 48 hours (MD = −4.50; 95% CI −10.98 to −3.61; P = 0.221). Furthermore, gabapentin decreased the rate of postoperative dizziness (relative risk [RR], 0.68; 95% CI 0.47–0.99, P = 0.044) and the occurrence of pruritus (RR, 0.50; 95% CI 0.37–0.67, P = 0.000). Based on the current meta-analysis, gabapentin exerts an analgesic and opioid-sparing effect in acute postoperative pain management without increasing the rate of dizziness and pruritus.
Crim's French speech transcription system for ETAPE 2011

This paper describes the French broadcast speech transcription system by CRIM for the ETAPE 2011 evaluation. The key elements in this recognizer include over 140,000-word dictionary, 478 hours of audio for training the acoustic models, feature-space MMI and boosted MMI discriminative training of the acoustic models, variable-frame-rate decoding with trigram language model, lattice rescoring with quadgram language model, soft penalty on silence models, confusion network decoding with minimum Bayes risk, and combining multiple recognizers with ROVER. Recognition enhancements after the ETAPE evaluation include discriminative training of the subspace Gaussian mixture models and lattice rescoring with neural net language models.
A new species of perennial Bromus (Bromeae, Poaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula

Abstract During a survey of the genus Bromus for the ongoing Flora Iberica, B.picoeuropeanussp. nov., a new orophilous species of perennial Bromus from Picos de Europa National Park, was found, and it is described and illustrated here. This new species belongs to the Bromuserectus complex and differs from the other perennial species of this group occurring in the Iberian Peninsula in its well-developed rhizome, the small innovation leaves and all peduncles and branches shorter than the spikelets. B.picoeuropeanus grows on calcareous stony soils associated with dry places. We provide a description and illustrations of the new species and an identification key for the most related European perennial species belonging to the complex.
Indian Statistical Institute Estimation and Comparison of Fractile Graphs Using Kernel Smoothing Techniques

The concept of Fractile Graphical Analysis (FGA) was introduced by Pras anta Chandra Mahalanobis (see Mahalanobis, 1960). It is one of the earli est nonparametric regression techniques to compare two regression functions for two bivariate populations (X,Y). This method is particularly useful for comparing two regression functions where the covariate (X) for the two populations are not necessarily on comparable scales. For instance, in econo metric studies, the prices of commodities and people's incomes observed at different time points may not be on comparable scales due to inflation. In this paper, we consider a smooth estimate of the fractile regression function and study its statistical properties. We prove the consistency and asymp totic normality of the estimated fractile regression function defined through general weight functions. We also investigate some procedures based on the idea of resampling to test the equality of the fractile regression functions for two different populations. These methods are applied to some real data sets obtained from the Reserve Bank of India, and this leads to some interesting and useful observations. In course of our investigation, we review many of Mahalanobis' original ideas relating to FGA vis a vis some of the key ideas used in nonparametric kernel regression. AMS (2000) subject classification. Primary 62G08; secondary 62G09, 62G10.
Power comparison of non-parametric tests: Small-sample properties from Monte Carlo experiments

Non-parametric tests that deal with two samples include scores tests (such as the Wilcoxon rank sum test, normal scores test, logistic scores test, Cauchy scores test, etc.) and Fisher's randomization test. Because the non-parametric tests generally require a large amount of computational work, there are few studies on small-sample properties, although asymptotic properties with regard to various aspects were studied in the past. In this paper, the non-parametric tests are compared with the t -test through Monte Carlo experiments. Also, we consider testing structural changes as an application in economics.
Assessment muscle fatigue using statistical study and classification: A review

Muscle fatigue is very common muscle condition has been experienced. Different types of myograms have been used to assess muscle fatigue and there are Electromyogram, Mechanomyogram and Acoustic myogram. Each myogram has its own advantages in assessing muscle fatigue. Therefore, suitable features are needed to assess muscle fatigue. This review discusses the on statistical analysis and classification result of the myograms features that have been applied. Towards the end of the paper, challenges and future trends are discussed.
Key of packaged granary grain quantity recognition —Grain bags image processing

A study of core problem in the packaged granary grain intelligent detection based on image recognition was conducted, and an intelligent detection method combining Fisher criterion with Adaptive Genetic Algorithm was used to solve it. We took the actual scene video as the analysis object, and the constructed Fisher criterion as the fitness function of Genetic Algorithm, while we presented a local optimization operator that enhance the diversity of the population and solve the disadvantages of poor astringency and premature occurrence. Finally, we introduced the morphology processing method to achieve excellent detection effect. Experimental results showed that this detection algorithm effectively improves the anti-jamming capability and robustness. This work provides an intelligent detection method for grain reserving management.
Remote Temperature Sensor Based on the Up-Conversion Fluorescence Power Ratio of an Erbium-Doped Silica Fiber Pumped at 975 nm

Abstract This article presents experimental results demonstrating the performance of an erbium-doped silica fiber as a remote temperature sensor in the interval from 20°C to 200°C. The sensor is based on the change in the fluorescence intensity ratio of two spectral bands as a function of temperature. The green fluorescence signal was generated by up-conversion processes in the erbium-doped fiber pumped at 975 nm. A radiometric analysis was applied to the erbium-doped fiber to evaluate its performance as a temperature sensor, and the results from this analysis were compared against other rare-earth-doped fiber sensors that utilize the intensity ratio technique.
Maintenance of Hypertensive Hemodynamics Does Not Depend on ROS in Established Experimental Chronic Kidney Disease

While the presence of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well established, its relation to hypertensive renal hemodynamics remains unclear. We hypothesized that once CKD is established blood pressure and renal vascular resistance (RVR) no longer depend on reactive oxygen species. CKD was induced by bilateral ablation of 2/3 of each kidney. Compared to age-matched, sham-operated controls all ablated rats showed proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), more renal damage, higher mean arterial pressure (MAP), RVR and excretion of oxidative stress markers and hydrogen peroxide, while excretion of stable nitric oxide (NO) metabolites tended to decrease. We compared MAP, RVR, GFR and fractional excretion of sodium under baseline and during acute Tempol, PEG-catalase or vehicle infusion in rats with established CKD vs. controls. Tempol caused marked reduction in MAP in controls (96±5 vs.79±4 mmHg, P<0.05) but not in CKD (130±5 vs. 127±6 mmHg). PEG-catalase reduced MAP in both groups (controls: 102±2 vs. 94±4 mmHg, P<0.05; CKD: 118±4 vs. 110±4 mmHg, P<0.05), but did not normalize MAP in CKD rats. Tempol and PEG-catalase slightly decreased RVR in both groups. Fractional excretion of sodium was increased by both Tempol and PEG-catalase in both groups. PEG-catalase decreased TBARS excretion in both groups. In sum, although oxidative stress markers were increased, MAP and RVR did not depend more on oxidative stress in CKD than in controls. Therefore reactive oxygen species appear not to be important direct determinants of hypertensive renal hemodynamics in this model of established CKD.
SubsMatch: scanpath similarity in dynamic scenes based on subsequence frequencies

The analysis of visual scanpaths, i.e., series of fixations and saccades, in complex dynamic scenarios is highly challenging and usually performed manually. We propose SubsMatch, a scanpath comparison algorithm for dynamic, interactive scenarios based on the frequency of repeated gaze patterns. Instead of measuring the gaze duration towards a semantic target object (which would be hard to label in dynamic scenes), we examine the frequency of attention shifts and exploratory eye movements. SubsMatch was evaluated on highly dynamic data from a driving experiment to identify differences between scanpaths of subjects who failed a driving test and subjects who passed.
11-1-1983 Specification of Synchronizing Processes

The formalism of temporal logic has been suggested to be an appropriate tool for expressing the semantics of concurrent programs. This paper is concerned with the application of temporal logic to the specification of factors affecting the synchronization of concurrent processes. Towards this end, we first introduce a model for synchronization and axiomatize its behavior. SYSL, a very high-level language for specifying synchronization properties, is then described. It is designed using the primitives of temporal logic and features constructs to express properties that affect synchronization in a fairly natural and modular Manuscript received June 15, 1981; revised March 15, 1983. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants MCS-77-09369 and MCS-82-02586. A preliminary version of this paper appeared as [27]. K. Ramamritham is with the Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003. R. M. Keller is with the Department of Computer Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112. fashion. Since the statements in the language have intuitive interpretations, specifications are humanly readable. In addition, since they possess appropriate formal semantics, unambiguous specifications result. Index Terrns-Abstract model, concurrent processing, specification language, synchronization, temporal logic.
Sinusoidal modeling using psychoacoustic-adaptive matching pursuits

We propose a segment-based matching-pursuit algorithm where the psychoacoustical properties of the human auditory system are taken into account. Rather than scaling the dictionary elements according to auditory perception, we define a psychoacoustic-adaptive norm on the signal space that can be used for assigning the dictionary elements to the individual segments in a rate-distortion optimal way. The new algorithm is asymptotically equal to signal-to-mask-ratio-based algorithms in the limit of infinite-analysis window length. However, the new algorithm provides a significantly improved selection of the dictionary elements for finite window length.
Smart card based remote authentication scheme with strengthened security via ECDH

Nowadays with the widespread Internet use, remote user authentication has became important process to provide security of the system resources. The process determines the identity of a person who attempted to access system. Various cryptographic algorithms are used in previously developed remote user authentication schemes using smart card to provide better security. In this work, we have eliminated the some security flaws in Liaw-Lin-Wu scheme. Also we have applied elliptic curve Diffie Hellman key exchange protocol (ECDH) into Liaw-Lin-Wu scheme to enhance its' security features and to improve its' efficiency.
Soft ontologies, spatial representations and multi‐perspective explorability

Abstract: It is against the dynamically evolving nature of many contemporary media applications to be analysed in terms of conventional rigid ontologies that rely on expertise‐based fixed categories and hierarchical structure. Many of these rely on sharing ‘folksonomies’, personal descriptions of information and objects for one's own retrieval. Such applications involve many feedback mechanisms via the community, and have been shown to have emergent properties of complex dynamic systems. We propose that such dynamically evolving information domains can be more usefully described by means of a soft ontology, a dynamically flexible and inherently spatial metadata approach for ill‐defined domains. Our contribution is (1) the elaboration of the so far intuitive concept of soft ontology in a way that supports conceptualizing dynamically evolving domains. Further, our approach proposes (2) a whole new mode of interaction with information domains by means of recurring exploration of an information domain from multiple perspectives in search of more comprehensive understanding of it, i.e. multi‐perspective exploration. We demonstrate this concept with an example of collaborative tagging in an educational context.