Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction of CSFV E2 Protein with Swine Host Factors as Detected by Yeast Two-Hybrid System

E2 is one of the envelope glycoproteins of pestiviruses, including classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). E2 is involved in several critical functions, including virus entry into target cells, induction of a protective immune response and virulence in swine. However, there is no information regarding any host binding partners for the E2 proteins. Here, we utilized the yeast two-hybrid system and identified fifty-seven host proteins as positive binding partners which bound E2 from both CSFV and BVDV with the exception of two proteins that were found to be positive for binding only to CSFV E2. Alanine scanning of CSFV E2 demonstrated that the binding sites for these cellular proteins on E2 are likely non-linear binding sites. The possible roles of the identified host proteins are discussed as the results presented here will be important for future studies to elucidate mechanisms of host protein-virus interactions during pestivirus infection. However, due to the limitations of the yeast two hybrid system, the proteins identified is not exhaustive and each interaction identified needs to be confirmed by independent experimental approaches in the context of virus-infected cells before any definitive conclusion can be drawn on relevance for the virus life cycle.
Model-Free Monte Carlo-like Policy Evaluation

We propose an algorithm for estimating the finite-horizon expected return of a closed loop control policy from an a priori given (off-policy) sample of one-step transitions. It averages cumulated rewards along a set of “broken trajectories” made of one-step transitions selected from the sample on the basis of the control policy. Under some Lipschitz continuity assumptions on the system dynamics, reward function and control policy, we provide bounds on the bias and variance of the estimator that depend only on the Lipschitz constants, on the number of broken trajectories used in the estimator, and on the sparsity of the sample of one-step transitions.
Mesh Independent Superlinear PCG Rates Via Compact-Equivalent Operators

The subject of the paper is the mesh independent convergence of the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method for nonsymmetric elliptic problems. The approach of equivalent operators is involved, in which one uses the discretization of another suitable elliptic operator as preconditioning matrix. By introducing the notion of compact-equivalent operators, it is proved that for a wide class of elliptic problems the superlinear convergence of the obtained PCG method is mesh independent under finite element discretizations; that is, the rate of superlinear convergence is given in the form of a sequence which is mesh independent and is determined only by the elliptic operators.
Overdrainage and shunt technology. A critical comparison of programmable, hydrostatic and variable-resistance valves and flow-reducing devices.

When vertical body position is simulated, conventional differential pressure valves show an absolutely unphysiological flow, which is 2-170 times the normal liquor production rate. Although this is compensated in part by the resistance of the silicon tubes, which may produce up to 94% of the resistance of the complete shunt system, a negative intracranial pressure (ICP) of up to 30-44 cmH2O is an unavoidable consequence, which can be followed by subdural hematomas, slit ventricles, and other well-known complications. Modern shunt technology offers programmable, hydrostatic, and "flow-controlled" valves and anti-siphon devices; we have tested 13 different designs from 7 manufacturers (56 specimens), using the "Heidelberg Valve Test Inventory" with 16 subtests. "Programmable" valves reduce, but cannot exclude, unphysiological flow rates: even in the highest position and in combination with a standard catheter typical programmable Medos-Hakim valves allow a flow of 93-232 ml/h, Sophy SU-8-valves 86-168 ml/h with 30 cmH2O. The effect of hydrostatic valves (Hakim-Lumbar, Chhabra) can be inactivated by movements of daily life. The weight of the metal balls in most valves was too low for adequate flow reduction. Antisiphon devices are highly dependent on external, i.e. subcutaneous, pressure which has unpredictable influences on shunt function, and clinically is sometimes followed by shunt insufficiency. Two new Orbis-Sigma valves showed relatively physiological flow rates even when the vertical position (30 cmH2O) was simulated. One showed an insufficient flow (5.7 ml/h), and one was primarily obstructed. These have by far the smallest outlet of all valves. Additionally, the ruby pin tends to stick. Therefore, a high susceptibility to obliterations and blockade is unavoidable. Encouraging results obtained in pediatric patients contrast with disappointing experiences in some German and Swedish hospitals, which suggests that our laboratory findings are confirmed by clinical results. The concept of strict flow limitation seems to be inadaequate for adult patients, who need a relatively high flow during (nocturnal) ICP crises. The problem of shunt overdrainage remains unsolved.
Regression analysis for multiple‐disease group testing data

Group testing, where individual specimens are composited into groups to test for the presence of a disease (or other binary characteristic), is a procedure commonly used to reduce the costs of screening a large number of individuals. Group testing data are unique in that only group responses may be available, but inferences are needed at the individual level. A further methodological challenge arises when individuals are tested in groups for multiple diseases simultaneously, because unobserved individual disease statuses are likely correlated. In this paper, we propose new regression techniques for multiple‐disease group testing data. We develop an expectation–solution based algorithm that provides consistent parameter estimates and natural large‐sample inference procedures. We apply our proposed methodology to chlamydia and gonorrhea screening data collected in Nebraska as part of the Infertility Prevention Project and to prenatal infectious disease screening data from Kenya. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active subspace learning

Many previous studies have shown that naturally occurring data cannot possibly fill up the high dimensional space uniformly, rather it must concentrate around lower dimensional structure. The typical supervised subspace learning algorithms to discover this low dimensional structure include Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). For LDA, the training data points are usually pre-given. However, in some real world applications like relevance feedback image retrieval, there is opportunity to interact with the user and actively select the training points for labeling. In this paper, we propose a novel active subspace learning algorithm which selects the most informative data points and uses them for learning an optimal subspace. Using techniques from experimental design, we discuss how to perform data selection in supervised or semi-supervised subspace learning by minimizing the expected error. Experiments on image retrieval show improvement over state-of-the-art methods.
Diversity Training Programme Outcomes: A Systematic Review

The purpose of this paper is to analyze current scholarship on diversity training outcomes utilizing a systematic literature review (SLR) and provide insights for future research. The article advances our understanding of diversity training outcomes through the integration of three perspectives: the business case, learning and social justice perspectives. The SLR revealed: (a) a literature that is fragmented and diverse in terms of publication outlets; (b) researchers conduct diversity training outcomes research in a diverse range or organizations, sectors, cultural and training contexts; (c) studies primarily reflect the business case or learning perspectives and (d) existing studies have significant methodological limitations. We argue the need for future research to adopt multiple perspectives ensure better cross fertilization of perspectives and make use of more sophisticated methodologies.
Network-based Executable File Extraction and Analysis for Malware Detection

The injury by various computer viruses is over the time comprised of the tendency to increase. Therefore, various methodologies for protecting the computer system from the threats of new malicious software are actively studied. In this paper, we present a network-based executable file extraction and analysis technique for malware detection. Here, an executable file extraction is processed by executable file specific session and pattern matching in reconfiguring hardware. Next, malware detection is processed by clustering analysis technique about an executable file which is divided into many regions. In other words, it detects a malware by measuring the byte distribution similarity between malicious executable files and normal executable files. The proposed technique can detect not only the known malicious software but also the unknown malicious software. Most of all, it uses network packets as analysis source unlike the existing host anti-virus techniques. Besides, the proposed detection technique easily can detect malicious software without complicated command analysis. Therefore, our approach can minimize the load on the system execution despite the load on the additional network packet processing.
The Influence of Naringin or Hesperidin Dietary Supplementation on Broiler Meat Quality and Oxidative Stability

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of supplementing broiler feed with hesperidin or naringin, on growth performance, carcass characteristics, breast meat quality and the oxidative stability of breast and thigh meat. Two hundred and forty 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 6 groups. One of the groups served as a control (C) and was given commercial basal diets, whereas the other five groups were given the same diets further supplemented with naringin at 0.75 g/kg (N1), naringin at 1.5 g/kg (N2), hesperidin at 0.75 g/kg (E1), hesperidin at 1.5 g/kg (E2) and a-tocopheryl acetate at 0.2 g/kg (E). At 42 days of age, 10 chickens per treatment group were slaughtered for meat quality and oxidative stability assessment. No significant differences were observed among groups in final body weight, carcass weight and internal organs weights (P>0.05) apart from liver that decreased linearly with increased levels of naringin (P-linear<0.05). Regarding the breast meat quality parameters, only redness (a*) value was higher in E1 and N1 group compared to VE group (P<0.05), while all the others i.e. shear values (N/mm2), pH24, cooking loss (%) and L* and b* color parameters were not significantly different among groups (P>0.05). Measurement of lipid oxidation values showed that after hesperidin and naringin dietary supplementation, malondialdehyde values decreased in tissue samples in a dose depended manner (P-linear<0.05). In conclusion, hesperidin and naringin, positively influence meat antioxidative properties without negative implications on growth performance and meat quality characteristics in poultry, thus appearing as important additives for both the consumer and the industry.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induces Differentiation of and Bone Resorption by Osteoclasts*

Osteoclast progenitors differentiate into mature osteoclasts in the presence of receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand on stromal or osteoblastic cells and monocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). The soluble RANK ligand induces the same differentiation in vitro without stromal cells. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a potent cytokine involved in the regulation of osteoclast activity, promotes bone resorption via a primary effect on osteoblasts; however, it remains unclear whether TNF-α can also directly induce the differentiation of osteoclast progenitors into mature osteoclasts. This study revealed that TNF-α directly induced the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells (MNCs), which produced resorption pits on bone in vitro in the presence of M-CSF. The bone resorption activity of TNF-α-induced MNCs was lower than that of soluble RANK ligand-induced MNCs; however, interleukin-1β stimulated this activity of TNF-α-induced MNCs without an increase in the number of MNCs. In this case, interleukin-1β did not induce TRAP-positive MNC formation. The osteoclast progenitors expressed TNF receptors, p55 and p75; and the induction of TRAP-positive MNCs by TNF-α was inhibited completely by an anti-p55 antibody and partially by an anti-p75 antibody. Our findings presented here are the first to indicate that TNF-α is a crucial differentiation factor for osteoclasts. Our results suggest that TNF-α and M-CSF play an important role in local osteolysis in chronic inflammatory diseases.
Best Algorithms for Approximating the Maximum of a Submodular Set Function

A real-valued function z whose domain is all of the subsets of N = {1,. , n is said to be submodular if zS + zT ≥ zS ∪ T + zS ∩ T, ∀S, T ⊆ N, and nondecreasing if zS ≤ zT, ∀S ⊂ T ⊆ N. We consider the problem maxS⊂N {zS: |S| ≤ K, z submodular and nondecreasing, zO = 0}. Many combinatorial optimization problems can be posed in this framework. For example, a well-known location problem and the maximization of certain boolean polynomials are in this class. We present a family of algorithms that involve the partial enumeration of all sets of cardinality q and then a greedy selection of the remaining elements, q = 0,. , K-1. For fixed K, the qth member of this family requires Onq+1 computations and is guaranteed to achieve at least $$\biggl[1-\biggl\frac{K-q}{K}\biggr\biggl\frac{K-q-1}{K-q}\biggr^{K-q}\biggr]\times100 \quad\mbox {percent of the optimum value}. $$ Our main result is that this is the best performance guarantee that can be obtained by any algorithm whose number of computations does not exceed Onq+1.
Formalizing refactorings with graph transformations

The widespread interest in refactoring —transforming the source-code of an object- oriented program without changing its external behaviour— has increased the need for a precise definition of refactoring transformations and their proper ties. In this paper we explore the use of graph rewriting for specifying refactorings and their effe ct on programs. We introduce a graph rep- resentation for programs and show how two representative refactorings can be expressed by graph productions. Then we demonstrate that it is possible to prove that refactorings preserve certain program properties, and that graph rewriting is a suitable f ormalism for such proofs.
Role of Cardioprotective Diet in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Problem statement: Nutritional factors appear to be quite important in the pathogenesis and prognosis among patients of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) or Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Increased consumption of proinflammatory foods; such as refined starches and sugar, trans fat, saturated fat and w-6 fatty acids may increase proi nflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and free fatty acids causing endothelial dysfunction. Approach: Columbus foods with low w-6/w-3 ratio of fatty acids, may play a protective role. Many adver se parameters such as higher concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, transcription factors an d adhesion molecules, free radicals and decrease in nitrite levels were shown to be related to the diet ary composition and thus may serve as independent predictors of ACS. Diets rich in w-3 fatty acids, v itamins, minerals and antioxidants and low in refin ed carbohydrates cause decrease in levels of plasma li pid peroxides, antioxidant vitamins, serum Glutamic Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) cardiac enzymes in patients with ACS. Results: Available evidence indicate that cardioprotective d iet can decrease sudden cardiac deaths, total cardiac deaths, non-fatal inf ractions and total cardiac events among patients receiving such diet compared to standard diet. The existing evidence support that diet rich in w-3 fat ty acids, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants with low refined carbohydrates may be beneficial to vascula r endothelium and myocardium and thus seems to function as cardioprotective in patients with ACS. Conclusion: The Western foods that lack essential vitamins, mi nerals and w-3 fatty acids and that are rapidly absorbed should be avoided in patients with ACS. More studies especially in the context of developing countries are required for establishing the vital role of the cardio protective diet.
Biomechanically-inspired motion path editing

We present a system for interactive kinematic editing of motion paths and timing that employs various biomechanical observations to augment and restrict the edited motion. Realistic path manipulations are enforced by restricting user interaction to handles identified along a motion path using motion extrema. An as-rigid-as-possible deformation technique modified specifically for use on motion paths is used to deform the path to satisfy the usermanipulated handle positions. After all motion poses have been adjusted to satisfy the new path, an automatic timewarping step modifies the timing of the new motion to preserve the timing qualities of the original motion. This timewarp is based on biomechanical heuristics relating velocity to stride length and path curvature, as well as the preservation of acceleration for ballistic motion. We show that our system can be used to quickly and easily modify a variety of locomotive motions, and can accurately reproduce recorded motions that were not used during the editing process.
The value evolution graph and its use in memory reference analysis

We introduce a framework for the analysis of memory reference sets addressed by induction variables without closed forms. This framework relies on a new data structure, the value evolution graph (VEG), which models the global flow of values taken by induction variable with and without closed forms. We describe the application of our framework to array data-flow analysis, privatization, and dependence analysis. This results in the automatic parallelization of loops that contain arrays addressed by induction variables without closed forms. We implemented this framework in the Polaris research compiler. We present experimental results on a set of codes from the PERFECT, SPEC, and NCSA benchmark suites.
Handbook of Organizational Routines

Contents: PART I 1. The Past, Present and Future of Organizational Routines: Introduction to the Handbook of Organizational Routines, Markus C. Becker 2. The Concept of a Routine, Geoffrey M. Hodgson PART II: ORGANIZATIONAL ROUTINES ACROSS DIFFERENT FIELDS 3. Organizational Routines in Political Science, Timothy J. McKeown 4. Routines, 'Going Concerns' and Innovation: Towards an Evolutionary Economic Sociology, Marc J. Ventresca and William N. Kaghan 5. Organizational Routines in Accounting, John Burns and Robert W. Scapens 6. Problem Solving and Governance in the Capability-based View of the Firm: The Roles and Theoretical Representations of Organizational Routines, Giovanni Dosi, Marco Faillo and Luigi Marengo PART III: ORGANIZATIONAL ROUTINES, SEARCH AND LEARNING 7. Organizational Routines in Evolutionary Theory, ThorbjA rn Knudsen 8. Organizational Routines and Organizational Learning, Anne S. Miner, Michael P. Ciuchta and Yan Gong 9. Organizational Routines and Performance Feedback, Henrich R. Greve 10. Routines and Routinization: An Exploration of Some Micro-Cognitive Foundations, Nathalie Lazaric 11. Staying on Track: A Voyage to the Internal Mechanisms of Routine Reproduction, Martin Schulz 12. The Role of Teams and Communities in the Emergence of Organizational Routines, Patrick Cohendet and Patrick Llerena PART IV: CONDUCTING EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON ORGANIZATIONAL ROUTINES 13. Issues in Empirical Field Studies of Organizational Routines, Brian T. Pentland and Martha S. Feldman 14. Conducting Experimental Research on Organizational Routines, Alessandro Narduzzo and Massimo Warglien Index
Carers, Choice and Personalisation: What Do We Know?

Despite the long-term strategic shift to personalisation, with its emphasis on choice and control for those who use public services, there has been relatively little policy consideration of family carers’ choice within personalisation. The relationship between carers and personalisation also remains under-researched. This article is based on a review of existing knowledge around personalisation. It shows that carer choice is highly complex, not least because of the multifaceted and paradoxical nature of the concept of choice itself. The review demonstrates that choice for carers within personalisation is no less complex and is subject to new and overlapping variables which do not necessarily lead to improved choice for carers. In light of the limited empirical evidence about carers, choice and personalisation, the introduction of the Care Act 2014, and the importance of frontline practice in securing choice for carers, recommendations are made for future research and social work policy and practice.
Full and Partial Knowledge Sharing on Intra-Organizational Broadcast Media

Knowledge sharing, along with its potential predictors, has been a popular research topic. This research extends prior research by examining potential predictors of knowledge sharing together within a more comprehensive model with two additional contexts: the type of recipient of the knowledge is the recipients of intraorganizational broadcast media, and the type of knowledge sharing behavior (full knowledge sharing and partial knowledge sharing). The results of this study suggest that what predicts knowledge sharing behaviors depends on the type of knowledge sharing behavior when considering why people share their knowledge through intra-organizational broadcast media. We explore theoretical implications and future research avenues.
Trajectory Based Video Sequence Synchronization

Video sequence synchronization is often necessary for computer vision applications where multiple simultaneously recorded videos are processed. We present a coarse-to-fine approach to synchronizing two video sequences recorded at the same frame rate by stationary cameras with fixed internal parameters. At the coarse level, each sequence is broken into a set of sub-sequences, which are then matched. A voting scheme determines the range in which the sequences’ temporal offset lies. The fine synchronization step searches for the temporal offset by initially examining integer offsets, and then using the golden-section search to locate the offset to sub-frame accuracy. Our algorithm recovers the temporal offset of two sequences using the motion of a single moving object, is computationally efficient, and it does not require any stationary background points as reference points. We present results for synthetic data and real video sequences, with various degrees of temporal overlap.