Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MOBA as a Stage: Explaining Purchase Behavior through different Strategies of Self-Presentation

The sale of virtual items has become a major part of revenue for the industry of computer games. Nonetheless, there is a lack of understanding what strategies people utilize within their decision to buy virtual items. Within the Massive Online Battle Arena (MOBA) game genre, virtual items possess no functional value, on the contrary decorative and social motivators can be detected. We apply the theory of self-presentation (SPT) to capture this phenomenon. With the proposal of our study, we aim for a better understanding of preconditions of online self-presentation and the subsequent effects on past purchases. Thus, we propose a research model consisting of personal and social influences explaining different strategies of online self-presentation, which have varied effects on purchases of virtual items.
Oral Candida infection and colonization in solid organ transplant recipients.

INTRODUCTION Oral Candida carriage and infection have been reported to be associated with a greater risk for systemic infection in transplant recipients; however, a systematic analysis of the oral Candida titers and species has not been previously conducted. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis, the oral carrier status, Candida titers and species in this population. METHODS Ninety kidney and heart transplant subjects and 72 age-matched healthy controls were included. Swabs from the oral mucosa and a standardized amount of unstimulated saliva were plated on Chromagar Candida, and colony-forming units per millilitre were calculated. Initial speciation was based on colony color and was confirmed by standard germ tube, biotyping, or polymerase chain reaction assays. RESULTS Infection with C. albicans was detected in seven transplant subjects and none of the controls. The transplant group had significantly higher oral Candida titers than the control group. There were no statistically significant relationships between the dose or type of immunosuppressants and oral Candida titers or infection. A significantly higher percentage of transplant subjects were colonized by more than one species, compared with control subjects. The most frequent species combination in transplant subjects was C. albicans and C. glabrata. C. glabrata was isolated from 13.5% of transplant carriers and none of the controls. CONCLUSIONS Increased oral Candida infection and carriage titers were found in the transplant population. Although the majority of transplant patients were colonized by C. albicans, C. glabrata appears to emerge as the second most prevalent species.
Thrombectomy and thrombolysis: the interventional radiology approach.

OBJECTIVE To present interventional therapeutic options for patients with thrombosis. ETIOLOGY Thrombosis in small animals results from an unbalance in the normal hemostatic mechanisms leading to vessel occlusion. In veterinary medicine, thrombosis is recognized as a common complication of many acquired diseases, including cardiac, endocrine, immunological, inflammatory, and neoplastic disorders. DIAGNOSIS Clinical signs are variable depending on the location of the thrombus and various laboratory and imaging modalities can aid in its identification and localization. THERAPY Once identified, a decision must be made to whether or not intervene and which method is most appropriate. A number of minimally invasive approaches for dealing with thrombosis are available and offer veterinarians a choice of therapeutic options when dealing with a thrombotic patient. In the presence of thrombosis, a combined approach of vessel balloon dilatation, catheter-directed thrombolysis and stenting may be most appropriate. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy, if available, may also be appropriate. Embolic trapping devices can be used with vena cava thrombosis to help prevent pulmonary embolism. Anticoagulant therapy may be indicated in the postoperative period to prevent further thrombus formation while the patient's fibrinolytic system breaks the clot down. PROGNOSIS Outcome is variable depending on the site of the thrombus formation. Arterial thrombosis can be life-threatening while venous thrombosis tends to be less life-threatening but may lead to pulmonary embolism.
A scalable evolutionary linguistic fuzzy system with adaptive defuzzification in big data

This work deals with the design of scalable methodologies to build the Rule Bases of Linguistic Fuzzy Rule Based Systems from examples for Fuzzy Regression in Big Data environments. We propose a distributed MapReduce model based on the use of an adaptation of a classic data driven method followed by an Evolutionary Adaptive Defuzzification to increase the accuracy of the final fuzzy model.
A waterborne outbreak of small round structured virus, campylobacter and shigella co-infections in La Neuveville, Switzerland, 1998

An outbreak of gastro-enteritis occurred in La Neuveville, township with 3358 inhabitants. A retrospective cohort study of 1915 participants showed that 1607 (84%) had been ill. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 28 patient faecal samples, Shigella sonnei from 21 patients and small round structured viruses (SRSV) from 6 patients. More than one pathogen was identified in eight persons. The epidemic curve was characteristic of a point-source outbreak. The risk for illness was significantly higher among persons who had drank unboiled drinking water than among those who had not (1290 [80·3%] of 1607 vs. 86 [27·9%] of 308; RR = 2·87; 95% CI 2·40–3·45). Risk increased significantly with the quantity of water consumed (P < 0·00 × 10−6). An SRSV isolate from water and one human faeces had an identical DNA sequence. The outbreak was due to a pump failure producing a spill of sewage into the groundwater. We conclude that transmission was waterborne and that measures including early warning, basic hygiene and sanitation improvements controlled this epidemic.
Species boundaries and evolutionary lineages in the blue green damselfishes Chromis viridis and Chromis atripectoralis (Pomacentridae)

The blue green damselfishes were described as a complex of two species (Chromis viridis and Chromis atripectoralis), mainly based on the colouration of the pectoral fin base. In this study, the authors analysed the mitochondrial control region of 88 blue green damselfishes from Indonesia, the Philippines, Red Sea and the Great Barrier Reef. The phylogenetic analysis revealed four major monophyletic clades. Two clades included specimens of C. atripectoralis from the Great Barrier Reef and individuals of C. viridis from the Red Sea, respectively. The remaining individuals of C. viridis from Indonesia and the Philippines were grouped into two clades without phylogeographic structure. The obtained results (1) verified that C. viridis and C. atripectoralis are distinct species and (2) revealed three deep evolutionary lineages of C. viridis in the Indo-Malay Archipelago and the Red Sea.
Aerobic training at moderate intensity reduced protein oxidation in adolescents with Down syndrome

Individuals with Down syndrome have been generally described as having high levels of oxidative stress, which have been associated to an increased morbidity. Fortunately, recent studies have reported that aerobic training may upregulate antioxidant defence system both in general population and individuals with trisomy 21. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of aerobic training in reducing protein oxidation. To achieve this goal, 31 adolescents with Down syndrome performed a 12‐week training program on a treadmill with 3 days/week, consisting of warm‐up (15 min), main part (20–35 min) at a work intensity of 60–75% of peak heart rate (HRmax=194.5–[0.56 age]) and cool‐down (10 min). A control group included seven age‐, sex‐ and BMI‐matched adolescents with trisomy 21 that did not perform any training program. Plasma carbonyl content was determined by means of a slightly modified Levine method. Pre‐ and post‐training carbonyl contents were 1.98±0.2 [95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.94–2.02] nmol/mg protein and 1.16±0.1 (95% CI: 1.14–1.18) nmol/mg protein, respectively. When compared with baseline values, it was decreased significantly (1.98±0.2 vs 1.16±0.1; P<0.001). It was concluded that 12‐week exercise program significantly reduced protein oxidation in adolescents with Down syndrome. Further long‐term follow‐up studies are required to determine whether correction of this oxidant imbalance improves clinical outcomes of individuals with trisomy 21.
LRRK2 Is Involved in the IFN-γ Response and Host Response to Pathogens

LRRK2 was previously identified as a defective gene in Parkinson’s disease, and it is also located in a risk region for Crohn’s disease. In this study, we aim to determine whether LRRK2 could be involved in immune responses. We show that LRRK2 expression is enriched in human immune cells. LRRK2 is an IFN-γ target gene, and its expression increased in intestinal tissues upon Crohn’s disease inflammation. In inflamed intestinal tissues, LRRK2 is detected in the lamina propria macrophages, B-lymphocytes, and CD103-positive dendritic cells. Furthermore, LRRK2 expression enhances NF-κB–dependent transcription, suggesting its role in immune response signaling. Endogenous LRRK2 rapidly translocates near bacterial membranes, and knockdown of LRRK2 interferes with reactive oxygen species production during phagocytosis and bacterial killing. These observations indicate that LRRK2 is an IFN-γ target gene, and it might be involved in signaling pathways relevant to Crohn’s disease pathogenesis.
Increased large VLDL particles confer elevated cholesteryl ester transfer in diabetes

Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer (CET), reflecting transfer of cholesteryl esters from high density lipoproteins (HDL) towards apolipoprotein B‐containing lipoproteins, may promote atherosclerosis development, and is elevated in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We determined the extent to which the relationship of plasma CET with very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions is modified in T2DM.
Transformation between Electronic Arts and Chronic Pain: Long-term Body Activity Data Visualisation and Pain Animation Expression

For many digital artists, art is a critical technical practice, a means of critiquing the assumption that technology is a tool to be applied to all social problems. Aesthetic and affective approaches to visualisation by artists and scientists who comprise the Pain Studies Lab are integrated with tools created for patients who live with long-term chronic pain, and for their health professionals. Although this work is not the kind of personal expression of pain that artists like Frida Kahlo practiced, it is intended to provide users with an experience even as it conveys information.
Lineage extrinsic and intrinsic control of immunoregulatory cell numbers by SHIP

We previously showed that germline or induced SHIP deficiency expands immuno‐regulatory cell numbers in T lymphoid and myeloid lineages. We postulated these increases could be interrelated. Here, we show that myeloid‐specific ablation of SHIP leads to the expansion of both myeloid‐derived suppressor cell (MDSC) and regulatory T (Treg) cell numbers, indicating SHIP‐dependent control of Treg‐cell numbers by a myeloid cell type. Conversely, T‐lineage specific ablation of SHIP leads to expansion of Treg‐cell numbers, but not expansion of the MDSC compartment, indicating SHIP also has a lineage intrinsic role in limiting Treg‐cell numbers. However, the SHIP‐deficient myeloid cell that promotes MDSC and Treg‐cell expansion is not an MDSC as they lack SHIP protein expression. Thus, regulation of MDSC numbers in vivo must be controlled in a cell‐extrinsic fashion by another myeloid cell type. We had previously shown that G‐CSF levels are profoundly increased in SHIP−/− mice, suggesting this myelopoietic growth factor could promote MDSC expansion in a cell‐extrinsic fashion. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that G‐CSF is required for expansion of the MDSC splenic compartment in mice rendered SHIP‐deficient as adults. Thus, SHIP controls MDSC numbers, in part, by limiting production of the myelopoietic growth factor G‐CSF.
Nonsterol Isoprenoids Activate Human Constitutive Androstane Receptor in an Isoform-Selective Manner in Primary Cultured Mouse Hepatocytes

Our laboratory previously reported that accumulation of nonsterol isoprenoids following treatment with the squalene synthase inhibitor, squalestatin 1 (SQ1) markedly induced cytochrome P450 (CYP)2B1 mRNA and reporter activity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes, which was dependent on activation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). The objective of the current study was to evaluate whether isoprenoids likewise activate murine CAR (mCAR) or one or more isoforms of human CAR (hCAR) produced by alternative splicing (SPTV, hCAR2; APYLT, hCAR3). We found that SQ1 significantly induced Cyp2b10 mRNA (∼3.5-fold) in primary hepatocytes isolated from both CAR–wild-type and humanized CAR transgenic mice, whereas the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor pravastatin had no effect. In the absence of CAR, basal Cyp2b10 mRNA levels were reduced by 28-fold and the effect of SQ1 on Cyp2b10 induction was attenuated. Cotransfection with an expression plasmid for hCAR1, but not hCAR2 or hCAR3, mediated SQ1-induced CYP2B1 and CYP2B6 reporter activation in hepatocytes isolated from CAR-knockout mice. This effect was also observed following treatment with the isoprenoid trans,trans-farnesol. The direct agonist CITCO increased interaction of hCAR1, hCAR2, and hCAR3 with steroid receptor coactivator-1. However, no significant effect on coactivator recruitment was observed with SQ1, suggesting an indirect activation mechanism. Further results from an in vitro ligand binding assay demonstrated that neither farnesol nor other isoprenoids are direct ligands for hCAR1. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that SQ1 activates CYP2B transcriptional responses through farnesol metabolism in an hCAR1-dependent manner. Further, this effect probably occurs through an indirect mechanism.
A Plasma Cell Leukemia Patient Showing Bialleic 14q Translocations: t(2;14) and t(11;14)

We report here an IgG/λ-type plasma cell leukemia patient showing bialleic 14q32 translocations. All immunoglobulins were suppressed in this patient, but a small amount of monoclonal IgG was detected by immunoelectrophoresis. Two cells of six peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed 46,XY,t(2;14)(q11;q32), i(8)(q10), t(11;14)(q13;q32), del(12)(q13.1) by karyotypic analysis. We confirmed the juxtaposition of IgH and PRAD1/Cyclin D1 genes by fluorescent in situ hybridization and overexpression of the PRAD1/Cyclin D1 gene, but Southern analysis showed no bcl-1 rearrangement. We analyzed the t(2;14)(q11;q32) using DNA fragments derived from childhood B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cases bearing t(2;14)(p13;q32). Southern and Northern analyses demonstrated no alteration of these genes, indicating that this t(2;14) was different from that of childhood B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. At the IgH loci, Southern analysis showed two rearranged bands and one germ-line band of JH. Cμ was deleted on one rearranged allele but remained on the other, suggesting that the chromosome translocation occurred after productive class switch recombination on the Cμ deleted allele.
An Evaluation of the Impact of the Prospective Payment System on Antidepressant Use in Nursing Home Residents

ObjectivesTo determine the impact of the prospective payment system (PPS) for skilled nursing facilities on the pharmacologic treatment of depression. MethodsWe used a quasi-experimental study comparing the pharmacological treatment rates for depression in the pre-PPS period (1997) to the post-PPS period (2000) in 8149 residents with documented depression living in over 500 nursing facilities in Ohio. Logistic regression models adjusting for clustering effects of residents residing in homes using generalized estimating equations provided estimates of the PPS effect on use of any antidepressant and the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). We evaluated the extent to which the PPS effect was modified by organizational characteristics, including structural characteristics, resource characteristics, and staff resources available in the homes. ResultsOverall, there was no difference in the likelihood of any antidepressant [odds ratio (OR), 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93 to 1.18, resident-adjusted model] or an SSRI being used (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.12, resident-adjusted model) after the introduction of PPS compared with 1997 when this reimbursement system was not in place (referent group). These trends did not appear to be modified substantially by organizational characteristics. ConclusionAlthough PPS did not appear to have influenced the treatment of depression in nursing homes, systems that provide checks and balances in relation to PPS are warranted.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Health in Immigrants

Objective To determine whether obstructive sleep apnea mediates the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychosomatic and somatic disorders and its implications for self-rated health (SRH) among Iraqi immigrants in the United States. Methods A random sample of immigrants who had left Iraq before the 1991 Gulf War (n = 145) or after (n = 205) and are residing in metropolitan Detroit responded to a structured interview covering questions on sociodemographics, premigration trauma, SRH, physician-diagnosed and -treated obstructive sleep apnea, somatic disorders, and psychosomatic disorders. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the relationship between premigration trauma scores and health, as well as to explore mediating pathways between PTSD, obstructive sleep apnea, and health. Results The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea among post-Gulf Warimmigrants (30.2%) was significantly higher than among pre-Gulf War immigrants (0.7%; p < .001). Premigration trauma scores were positively associated with depression and PTSD. Structural equation modeling supported a model in which obstructive sleep apnea mediated the relationship between PTSD and psychosomatic and somatic disorders. Premigration trauma also related directly to SRH. Conclusions Part of the PTSD-associated adverse health effects observed in Iraqi immigrants is mediated by obstructive sleep apnea. Because sleep apnea in the current study is based on medical history and current treatment, there is a need for future confirmatory polysomnographic studies. Abbreviations SRH = self-rated health SEM = structural equation modeling PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder ML = maximum likelihood CFI = comparative fit index RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation ANOVA = Analysis of variance
The spectrum of depressive phenomena after spousal bereavement.

BACKGROUND Major depressive syndromes have been found to be prevalent, disabling, and often persistent during the stress of bereavement. To add to the burden of mood changes associated with bereavement, a substantial number of bereaved individuals may suffer from depressive symptoms that do not quite equal the requisite number to meet criteria for a major depressive episode, but which also may be quite disabling, if not be actual forerunners of major depression. This study evaluates the frequency, morbidity, and stability of subsyndromal symptomatic depressions. METHOD 350 widows and widowers were evaluated for depressive symptoms and syndromes at 2, 13, and 25 months after the death of their spouse. An additional 126 demographically similar men and women also were evaluated. In addition to the presence of a number of depressive symptoms, a number of outcome measures were obtained: use of antidepressant medication, self-perceived physical health, satisfaction with work performance, number of days of social activity per month, self-rated adjustment to widow-hood, satisfaction with ongoing interpersonal relationships, and development of a new relationship. RESULTS Both symptomatic major depression (SMD) syndromes and subsyndromal symptomatic depression (SSD) were prevalent throughout the first 2 years of widowhood. More than one third of subjects with SSD 2 months after their spouse's death either continue to have SSD after the first full year of bereavement (28%) or worsen (9%) during that time. On most outcome measures, subjects with SSD stand between subjects with no depression and those with SMD and are significantly more likely than euthymic subjects to complain of poor physical health, be dissatisfied with their work performance, and refrain from social activity; they show a statistical trend for more disturbed ongoing relationships with friends and to be less likely to be involved in a new romantic relationship. CONCLUSION Although heretofore relatively unrecognized, SSDs are prevalent, often persist, and are associated with substantial morbidity in widows and widowers during the first 2 years of bereavement.
TiO2-Dielectric AlGaN/GaN/Si Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistors by Using Nonvacuum Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Deposition

High-k TiO<sub>2</sub>-dielectric Al<sub>0.25</sub>Ga<sub>0.75</sub>N/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron mobility transistors (MOS-HEMTs) grown on Si substrates by using nonvacuum ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition technique are reported for the first time. The effective oxide thickness is 1.45 nm with layer thickness/dielectric constant of 20 nm/53.6. Pulse I-V and low-frequency noise spectra (1/f) are conducted to characterize the interface property. The gate leakage current I<sub>GD</sub> is decreased by three orders at V<sub>GD</sub> = -50 V as compared with a reference Schottky-gate device. Superior device characteristics are achieved for the present MOS-HEMT (Schottky-gate HEMT) for the gate dimensions of 1 μm × 100 μm including drain-source current density I<sub>DS</sub> at V<sub>GS</sub> = 0 V (I<sub>DSS0</sub>) of 384 (342) mA/mm, maximum I<sub>DS</sub>(I<sub>DS</sub>, <sub>max</sub>) of 650 (511) mA/mm, maximum extrinsic transconductance (g<sub>m</sub>, <sub>max</sub>) of 107 (110) mS/mm, two-terminal gate-drain breakdown voltage (BVGD) of -155 (-105) V, turn-ON voltage (VON) of 3.8 (1.8) V, ON-state breakdown (BVDS) of 139 (94) V, gate-voltage swing of 2.7 (1.7) V, and ON/OFF current ratio (I<sub>ON</sub>/I<sub>OFF</sub>) of 4.5 x 10<sup>5</sup>(3.5 x 10<sup>2</sup>).
Effects of monensin on Mg, Ca, P and Zn metabolism and tissue concentrations in lambs.

A study consisting of two trials was conducted to determine the effects of monensin on the apparent absorption and retention of magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) and to determine mineral changes in tissue and ruminal fluid. Eight lambs (39 kg) were used in trial 1, and 10 lambs (37 kg) were used in trial 2. Animals were blocked by weight and fed a high concentrate diet with or without 20 mg/kg monensin. Trials began with a dietary adjustment period lasting 18 d in trial 1 and 21 d in trial 2. Animals were then placed in metabolism stalls for a 10-d stall adjustment period followed by a 12-d collection period. Collections to determine mineral balance were made during the first 10 d of the collection period. Blood and ruminal fluid samples were taken on d 11 of the collection period. Lambs were slaughtered on d 12 of the collection period and tissue samples were collected. Monensin supplementation increased (P less than .05) Mg retention 42.0%. Urinary Ca excretion decreased (P less than .05) 60.0% when monensin was fed. Monensin supplementation decreased (P less than .05) liver Ca and bone Ca, 45.5 and 2.9%, respectively. Apparent P digestibility increased (P less than .05) 40.0% and P retention increased (P less than .10) 26.8% due to monensin supplementation. Both apparent absorption and retention of Zn increased (P less than .01) 50.0 and 45.0%, respectively, with monensin supplementation. Ruminal fluid Zn concentrations decreased (P less than .05) 33.0% with the addition of monensin. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)