Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elite Activism and Political Transformation in China: Zhejiang Province, 1865–1911 . By Mary Backus Rankin. [Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1986. 427 pp. $39.50.]

The book is an empirical tour de force, the lives of her subjects depicted in vivid detail with a style which is both disciplined and insightful. Ms Hershatter illumines her subject by painting a wider picture of Tianjin-the distinctiveness of its political and economic history (compared, say, to Shanghai), its changing spatial characteristics, its social institutions (such as the Green Gang), foreign interests and nascent bourgeoisie (the case study of small capitalists in the Santiaoshi iron workshops is particularly fascinating). She documents the continued rural ties and traits of the new working-class, the prevalence of vertical ties of "connection" and patronage which served to blunt the formation of horizontal class relations and class consciousness. As such, the attitudes and behaviour of Tianjin's workers were at odds with the retrospective picture which historians and officials sought to portray after 1949. This work is an excellent piece of sinology, an example of the kind of work which is possible with access to sources and academic cooperation in China. Perhaps the author could have been tempted to be analytically more adventurous in two senses: first, by attaching more precision to the various "class"-related concepts used in the study and providing a more complete conclusion to bring home the theoretical implications of the study for our understanding of class formation in modern China; secondly, by going beyond the relatively narrow confines of "labour history" (with its own comparative reference to earlier European and North American industrialization) to include some of those areas of economics, sociology and development studies which resonate with her findings (for example, on gender and kinship, imperialism, relations of production in small and large-scale industry, patterns of class formation) and to extend the comparative sphere to include the multifarious patterns of industrialization and class formation inherent in "late" development. This said, however, I heartily recommend this book as an impressive piece of scholarship, of interest not merely to students of the period covered but to those students of Communist China who wish to understand the antecedents of China's current urban society and trace the roots of powerful social continuities.
Transaction costs and institutional trading in small-cap equity funds

This paper examines the magnitude and determinants of trading costs for small-cap funds in Australia. The total price impact for these funds is 0.99% (—0.34%) for purchases (sales). This is considerably larger than costs reported in prior literature. Both purchases and sales exhibit price continuations after the trade package, consistent with an information effect. Although we do not observe the directional asymmetry typically shown in the literature, the magnitude of the total and permanent effects for purchases is larger than for sales. We also show that price impact is related to fund inflows and outflows.
We're One, but We're Not the Same: Enhanced Cooperation and the Tension between Unity and Asymmetry in the EU

The aim of this article is to analyse one of the main features of asymmetry in the EU legal order: enhanced cooperation. After the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, two enhanced cooperation schemes (on divorce and patent) have already seen the light of the day. The paper first focuses on the evolution of the rules on "closer cooperation/enhanced cooperation" from the Treaty of Amsterdam onwards, then it analyses the first two cases. Enhanced cooperation is a unique test to understand how the EU manages to balance unity and asymmetry, thus an analysis of the rules and the relevant practice is very useful to this extent. The last section of the paper compares asymmetric integration at the EU and the WTO level, in order to understand how different legal orders deal with sub-unions and what degree of asymmetry can a system tolerate.
Family Ownership and Pyramids in the Spanish Market

This aim of this article is to describe, in the Spanish setting, family ownership and to explore how families hold their shares (the use of indirect ownership, pyramids, and cross-shareholdings). It also seeks to describe to what extent cash-flow rights differ from control rights and the degree of the firm's professionalization according to every type of owner category, but especially for families.
Managing talent for organisational learning

The phenomenon of globalisation and the intensification of change mean that firms increasingly require an internal structure that fosters the genesis and application of new knowledge. If the firm’s objective is to achieve continuous learning then organisational variables and managerial purpose through talent management are essential for access to superior knowledge assets. This study takes an in-depth look at the relationship between a political phenomenon (talent management) and a natural one (organisational learning and/or knowledge creation) within a particular organisational framework. The aim is to obtain evidence of the effect of organisational variables on learning and knowledge from the perspective of large Spanish firms.
Ascertainment correction for Markov chain Monte Carlo segregation and linkage analysis of a quantitative trait

Although extended pedigrees are often sampled through probands with extreme levels of a quantitative trait, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods for segregation and linkage analysis have not been able to perform ascertainment corrections. Further, the extent to which ascertainment of pedigrees leads to biases in the estimation of segregation and linkage parameters has not been previously studied for MCMC procedures. In this paper, we studied these issues with a Bayesian MCMC approach for joint segregation and linkage analysis, as implemented in the package Loki. We first simulated pedigrees ascertained through individuals with extreme values of a quantitative trait in spirit of the sequential sampling theory of Cannings and Thompson [Cannings and Thompson [ 1977 ] Clin. Genet. 12:208–212]. Using our simulated data, we detected no bias in estimates of the trait locus location. However, in addition to allele frequencies, when the ascertainment threshold was higher than or close to the true value of the highest genotypic mean, bias was also found in the estimation of this parameter. When there were multiple trait loci, this bias destroyed the additivity of the effects of the trait loci, and caused biases in the estimation all genotypic means when a purely additive model was used for analyzing the data. To account for pedigree ascertainment with sequential sampling, we developed a Bayesian ascertainment approach and implemented Metropolis‐Hastings updates in the MCMC samplers used in Loki. Ascertainment correction greatly reduced biases in parameter estimates. Our method is designed for multiple, but a fixed number of trait loci. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A two-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid compound, poly[(ethylenediamine)tri-μ-oxido-oxidocopper(II)molybdenum(VI)]

A new organic–inorganic two-dimensional hybrid compound, [CuMoO4(C2H8N2)], has been hydrothermally synthesized at 443 K. The unit cell contains layers composed of CuN2O4 octahedra and MoO4 tetrahedra. Corner-sharing MoO4 and CuN2O4 polyhedra form CuMoO4 bimetallic sites that are joined together through O atoms, forming an edge-sharing Cu2Mo2O4 chain along the c axis. The one-dimensional chains are further linked through bridging O atoms that join the Cu and Mo atoms into respective chains along the b axis, thus establishing layers in the bc plane. The ethylenediamine ligand is coordinated to the Cu atom through its two N atoms and is oriented perpendicularly to the two-dimensional –Cu—O—Mo– layers. The average distance between adjacent layers, as calculated by consideration of the closest and furthest distances between two layers, is 8.7 Å. The oxidation states of the Mo and Cu atoms of VI and II, respectively, were confirmed by bond-valence sum calculations.
A motion and similarity-based fake detection method for biometric face recognition systems

In this paper, a motion and similarity-based fake detection algorithm is presented for biometric face recognition systems. First, an input video is segmented into foreground and background regions. Second, the similarity is measured between a background region, i.e., a region without a face and upper body, and an original background region recorded at an initializing stage. Third, a background motion index is calculated to indicate the amount of motion in the background region compared with the motion in the foreground region. By combining the result of similarity and the result of the background motion index, a fake video can be detected robustly with a regular USB camera.
FpvA bound to non‐cognate pyoverdines: molecular basis of siderophore recognition by an iron transporter

The first step in the specific uptake of iron via siderophores in Gram‐negative bacteria is the recognition and binding of a ferric siderophore by its cognate receptor. We investigated the molecular basis of this event through structural and biochemical approaches. FpvA, the pyoverdine–Fe transporter from Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692 (PAO1 strain), is able to transport ferric–pyoverdines originating from other species, whereas most fluorescent pseudomonads are only able to use the one they produce among the more than 100 known different pyoverdines. We solved the structure of FpvA bound to non‐cognate pyoverdines of high‐ or low‐affinity and found a close correlation between receptor–ligand structure and the measured affinities. The structure of the first amino acid residues of the pyoverdine chain distinguished the high‐ and low‐affinity binders while the C‐terminal portion of the pyoverdines, often cyclic, does not appear to contribute extensively to the interaction between the siderophore and its transporter. The specificity of the ferric–pyoverdine binding site of FpvA is conferred by the structural elements common to all ferric–pyoverdines, i.e. the chromophore, iron, and its chelating groups.
Network City: Retrofitting the Perth Metropolitan Region to Facilitate Sustainable Travel

‘Network City’, the latest 25-year planning strategy for metropolitan Perth, Western Australia, is designed to realise the integration of land use and transport networks within established and new areas. This article examines the influence of urban form on travel patterns and the case for sustainable travel outcomes in order to set in context the ‘Network City’ concept. The concept is described, and then the article focuses on the operational detail needed to progress towards fuller integration between the transport network and the city it serves. This includes analysis of urban structure in the context of the factors that influence efficient use of public transport: including residential density, intensity of activity and the hierarchy of activity centres. The implications for road planning are discussed where land use–transport integration is the core objective rather than simply traffic efficiency. If sustainable travel is to be facilitated there is a need to change both the operation of public transport and the urban structure and these changes are mutually supportive.
Mill versus Jevons on traditional sexual division of labour: Is gender equality efficient?

Abstract The question of the legitimacy of traditional sexual division of labour receives growing attention from contemporary economists. In particular, a debate takes place between the “New Home Economics”, which stresses the efficiency of the traditional arrangement and economists questioning the justice of the relations between sexes. The same kind of opposition appears between two Victorian economists: J.S. Mill and W.S. Jevons. Although both are utilitarian, they adopt contrary views about the relative importance of efficiency and justice in the definition of appropriate gender relations. While Mill aims at conciliating justice and utility, Jevons considers that utility outweighs justice.
The Nature and Historical Evolution of an Exceptional Fiscal State and its Possible Significance for the Precocious Commercialization and Industrialization of the British Economy from Cromwell to Nelson

Institutions that promoted or restrained early modern economic growth were established, sustained, and often destroyed by states. Yet their economic history lacks either a fundamental theory or grounded narrative for state formation in the east or the west. This survey of a library of recent research in the conjoined histories of national taxation and finance deploys a stage theory and reciprocal comparisons to explain when, how, and why England's political elites constructed a fiscal constitution for an island state that provided the external security, internal order, and successful mercantilism to carry the economy to a plateau of possibilities for a precocious industrial revolution.
Managing the Community’s Pipeline of Entrepreneurs and Enterprises: A New Way of Thinking About Business Assets

The purpose of this article is to offer a methodical approach to deciding when, where, and how to invest in entrepreneurship as a crosscutting economic development strategy. To accomplish this, the authors present and operationalize the concept of a pipeline of entrepreneurs and enterprises in order to effectively segment the marketplace of businesses and differentiate among potential economic development clients within the community. They then describe three options for managing and intervening in a community’s pipeline of entrepreneurs and enterprises—performance-enhancement strategies, incubation strategies, and selective attraction strategies—and discuss how the pipeline can help policy makers and practitioners make informed decisions about where to invest (in what segment) and which strategies to use.
Regional diffusion for remanufactured tied products in ecologically conscious consumers

In this paper, we demonstrate that independent aftermarket replacement component remanufacturers are able to help the host product manufacturers establish their market share. We employ agent-based simulation and evolutionary game theory in the light of innovative diffusion process with network externality and sustainability consciousness, in microscopic and dynamic emergent perspectives. We suggest a strategic decision management insight for better marketing an environmental sustainable product in a new product diffusion process. We show that both market share and long-term profitability of a tied product firm, with inferior market share, indeed can be raised significantly by applying the suggested price-protection-distribution decision strategy at specific timing when the ecologically conscious consumer segment grows.
A Matched Case-Control Study Measuring the Effectiveness of the Rotavirus Vaccines to Prevent Gastroenteritis Hospitalizations

Rotavirus has been identified as an important cause of diarrhea hospitalizations. Two oral live rotavirus vaccines have been licensed in Europe since 2006 and have been available in the Spanish market since then. The main objective of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of the rotavirus vaccination in the prevention of admissions caused by rotavirus infections using a matched case-control study in a hospital setting. Patients and methods: Prospective, hospital based, matched case-control study including patients between aged between 2 months and 5 years, hospitalized during 2008-2010 with a diagnosis of Rotavirus Acute Gastroenteritis (RV+AGE) matched against two patients diagnosed as Rotavirus negative Acute Gastroenteritis (Control group A) and five patients hospitalized with non-gastrointestinal conditions (Control group B) (i.e. in the ratio 1:2:5). Results: 466 patients were included: 57 cases of RV+AGE, 104 patients in Control group A and 305 in Control group B. No differences were found among the 3 groups when comparing demographic data. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated as 86% (95% CI 59-95) compared to group A and 88% (95% CI 68-95) compared to group B. Prior rotavirus vaccination was more frequent in mild cases than in those with moderate-severe symptoms and the length of admission was shorter in vaccine recipients (1.7 ± 0.8 days) compared to those non-vaccinated (3.2 ± 1.4 days) (p<0.001; 95% CI: 1.3-1.7). Conclusions: Our study found the rotavirus vaccines to be highly effective in preventing rotavirus-related hospitalizations and to reduce the severity of the rotavirus disease.
Industry Localization and Earnings Inequality: Evidence from U.S. Manufacturing

While the productivity gains associated with the geographic concentration of industry (i.e. localization) are by now well-documented, little work has considered how those gains are distributed across individual workers. This paper offers evidence on the connection between total employment and the relative wage earnings of high- and low-skill workers (i.e. inequality) within two-digit manufacturing industries across the states and a collection of metropolitan areas in the U.S. between 1970 and 1990. Using two different measures - 90-10 percentile gaps in both overall and residual wages - I find that wage dispersion falls substantially as industry employment expands. Results from a simple decomposition of this relationship into average plant-size and plant-count components indicate overwhelmingly that average plant size is the primary driving mechanism. Although not necessarily inconsistent with theories appealing to intermediate inputs or technological spillovers, such findings are particularly supportive of Marshall's (1920) labor market pooling explanation for localization.
The Monetary Approch to Balance of Payments and Exchange Rate Equilibrium Determination with an Empirical Application to the Case of Algeria

The aim of this paper is to explain the exchange rate by using the fundamental determinants of cointegration techniques to search if there is a long-term relationship between exchange rate and fundamentals of the Algerian economy. For this purpose we applied the model of the monetary approach of the balance of payments to the Algerian economy. We based in this study in Edward model That’s takes into account all external factors (terms of trade, external debt .) and internal factors (government expenditure, budget deficit, money supply .) for the determination of real exchange rate equilibrium, and we takes in consideration two variables, domestic credit, and international reserve, as they are the most important in monetary approach to balance of payments. The results of our study are summarized in the following point: The variable international reserve has a positive sign (the expected sign is positive) that allowed us to conclude that an increase in international reserve unit will result in an appreciation of the exchange rate of 9.60*10-12 %. The domestic credit has a positive influence on real exchange rate (the expected sign is negative), that allowed us to conclude that an increase in domestic credit unit will result in an appreciation of the exchange rate of 9.41*10-10 %. This result contradicts in the economy theory.
Voting paradoxes and arbitrariness in simulated versions of seven Danish elections

We analyze voter preferences for seven General Elections for the Danish parliament by using survey data to simulate alternative aggregations and with regard to the possible presence of five types of social choice paradoxes that may occur in list systems of proportional representation. Two serious paradoxes fail to manifest themselves, while three others occur. One paradox always occurs, namely for the social ordering of political parties based on pair-wise comparisons to be significantly different from that of the allocation of seats according to a principle of proportional representation. This result challenges the common view that a party that receives more votes than another must be preferred to it. Further simulations demonstrate that alternative aggregation methods produce radically different seat allocations, even when done in accordance with a requirement of proportionality. Elections seem to have a considerable degree of randomness to them, at least relative to the voter preferences, making it difficult to maintain that there is an unequivocal “will of the people. ”
Longitudinal Trajectory of Exposure to Psychological Interpersonal Violence

Psychological intimate partner violence (P-IPV) refers to verbal abuse from one partner to another and abuse of power or control from one partner to another. To date, no studies have examined the longitudinal course of P-IPV exposure among mothers or the effect that witnessing P-IPV can have on their children. Using latent class growth analysis, the current study identified five trajectory groups with the following intercept and growth characteristics: low stable, low-increasing, moderate-decreasing, high-decreasing, and consistently elevated. Membership in the four groups characterized by higher P-IPV exposure was predicted by maternal race and exposure to physical abuse. The children of mothers in the low-increasing and consistently elevated groups had elevated scores on the Internalizing and Externalizing scales of the Childhood Behavior Checklist. These findings remained after controlling for child sex, race, cumulative trauma exposure, and maternal depression.
Investigation of Latent Traces Using Infrared Reflectance Hyperspectral Imaging

Abstract. The detection of traces is a main task of forensics. Hyperspectral imaging is a potential method from which we expect to capture more fluorescence effects than with common forensic light sources. This paper shows that the use of hyperspectral imaging is suited for the analysis of latent traces and extends the classical concept to the conservation of the crime scene for retrospective laboratory analysis. We examine specimen of blood, semen and saliva traces in several dilution steps, prepared on cardboard substrate. As our key result we successfully make latent traces visible up to dilution factor of 1:8000. We can attribute most of the detectability to interference of electromagnetic light with the water content of the traces in the shortwave infrared region of the spectrum. In a classification task we use several dimensionality reduction methods (PCA and LDA) in combination with a Maximum Likelihood classifier, assuming normally distributed data. Further, we use Random Forest as a competitive approach. The classifiers retrieve the exact positions of labelled trace preparation up to highest dilution and determine posterior probabilities. By modelling the classification task with a Markov Random Field we are able to integrate prior information about the spatial relation of neighboured pixel labels.
White light emission of monolithic InGaN/GaN grown on morphology-controlled, nanostructured GaN templates

We demonstrated an InGaN/GaN-based, monolithic, white light-emitting diode (LED) without phosphors by using morphology-controlled active layers formed on multi-facet GaN templates containing polar and semipolar surfaces. The nanostructured surface morphology was controlled by changing the growth time, and distinct multiple photoluminescence peaks were observed at 360, 460, and 560 nm; these features were caused by InGaN/GaN-based multiple quantum wells (MQWs) on the nanostructured facets. The origin of each multi-peak was related to the different indium (In) compositions in the different planes of the quantum wells grown on the nanostructured GaN. The emitting units of MQWs in the LED structures were continuously connected, which is different from other GaN-based nanorod or nanowire LEDs. Therefore, the suggested structure had a larger active area. From the electroluminescence spectrum of the fabricated LED, monolithic white light emission with CIE color coordinates of x = 0.306 and y = 0.333 was achieved via multi-facet control combined with morphology control of the metal organic chemical vapor deposition-selective area growth of InGaN/GaN MQWs.