Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QRS complex detection based on simple robust 2-D pictorial-geometrical feature

Abstract In this paper a heuristic method aimed for detecting of QRS complexes without any pre-process was developed. All the methods developed in previous studies were used pre-process, the most novelty of this study was suggesting a simple method which did not need any pre-process. Toward this objective, a new simple 2-D geometrical feature space was extracted from the original electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. In this method, a sliding window was moved sample-by-sample on the pre-processed ECG signal. During each forward slide of the analysis window an artificial image was generated from the excerpted segment allocated in the window. Then, a geometrical feature extraction technique based on curve-length and angle of highest point was applied to each image for establishment of an appropriate feature space. Afterwards the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Adaptive Network Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) were designed and implemented to the ECG signal. The proposed methods were applied to DAY general hospital high resolution holter data. For detection of QRS complex the average values of sensitivity Se = 99.93% and positive predictivity P+ = 99.92% were obtained.
Performance Evaluation of TCP Vegas over Optical Burst Switched Networks

It has been shown that burst retranmsission scheme and burst deflection scheme can effectively reduce the burst loss probability, thereby improving the performance of loss-based TCP implementations. However, both schemes introduce additional delays for bursts that are retransmitted or deflected. The additional delays could result in delay-based TCP falsely detecting network congestion, which may negatively impact the performance of delay-based TCP implementations, such as TCP Vegas. In this paper we investigate the delay-based TCP Vegas behavior over OBS networks. Furthermore, we analyze the throughput of TCP Vegas over a barebone OBS network and an OBS network with burst retransmission.
Searching and Stopping: An Analysis of Stopping Rules and Strategies

Searching naturally involves stopping points, both at a query level (how far down the ranked list should I go? ) and at a session level (how many queries should I issue? ). Understanding when searchers stop has been of much interest to the community because it is fundamental to how we evaluate search behaviour and performance. Research has shown that searchers find it difficult to formalise stopping criteria, and typically resort to their intuition of what is "good enough". While various heuristics and stopping criteria have been proposed, little work has investigated how well they perform, and whether searchers actually conform to any of these rules. In this paper, we undertake the first large scale study of stopping rules, investigating how they influence overall session performance, and which rules best match actual stopping behaviour. Our work is focused on stopping at the query level in the context of ad-hoc topic retrieval, where searchers undertake search tasks within a fixed time period. We show that stopping strategies based upon the disgust or frustration point rules - both of which capture a searcher's tolerance to non-relevance - typically result in (i) the best overall performance, and (ii) provide the closest approximation to actual searcher behaviour, although a fixed depth approach also performs remarkably well. Findings from this study have implications regarding how we build measures, and how we conduct simulations of search behaviours.
Effects of the tom1 mutation of Arabidopsis thaliana on the multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus RNA in protoplasts

For the multiplication of RNA viruses, specific host factors are considered essential, but as of yet little is known about this aspect of virus multiplication. To identify such host factors, we previously isolated PD114, a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, in which the accumulation of the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in uninoculated leaves of an infected plant was reduced to low levels. The causal mutation, designated tom1, was single, nuclear, and recessive. Here, we demonstrate that the tom1 mutation affects the amplification of TMV-related RNAs in a single cell. When protoplasts were inoculated with TMV RNA by electroporation, the percentage of TMV-positive protoplasts (detected by indirect immunofluorescence staining with anti-TMV antibodies) was lower (about 1/5 to 1/10) among PD114 protoplasts than among wild-type protoplasts. In TMV-positive PD114 protoplasts, the amounts of the positive-strand RNAs (the genomic RNA and subgenomic mRNAs) and coat protein reached levels similar to, or slightly lower than, those reached in TMV-positive wild-type protoplasts, but the accumulation of the positive-strand RNAs and coat protein occurred more slowly than with the wild-type protoplasts. The parallel decrease in the amounts of the coat protein and its mRNA suggests that the coat protein is translated from its mRNA with normal efficiency. These observations support the idea that the TOM1 gene encodes a host factor necessary for the efficient amplification of TMV RNA in an infected cell. Furthermore, we show that TMV multiplication in PD114 protoplasts is severely affected by the coinoculation of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) RNA. When PD114 protoplasts were inoculated with a mixture of TMV and CMV RNAs by electroporation, the accumulation of TMV-related molecules was approximately one-fifth of that in PD114 protoplasts inoculated with TMV RNA alone. No such reduction in the accumulation of TMV-related molecules was observed when wild-type protoplasts were inoculated with a mixture of TMV and CMV RNAs or when wild-type and PD114 protoplasts were inoculated with a mixture of TMV and turnip crinkle virus RNAs. These observations are compatible with a hypothetical model in which a gene(s) that is distinct from the TOM1 gene is involved in both TMV and CMV multiplication.
Effectiveness of accommodation and constant resistance training on maximal strength and power in trained athletes

Accommodation resistance is a training technique that may improve strength and power gains beyond those achieved by traditional free weights. In this method, chains are either added on a free-weight bar and combined with traditional plates or added to the bar as the entire load. Purpose. The aim of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of accommodation and constant resistance training methods during a four-week period on maximal strength and power in trained athletes. Methods. This study was comprised of 24 trained athletes, including 16 trained males [8 Wushu athletes (Kung-Fu) and 8 wrestlers, age: 20.5 ± 2.00 yrs. old]. Participants were initially tested on weight, body circumference, fat percent, upper and lower body maximal strength, determined by the 1-repetition maximum (1RM) test, which determines the greatest amount of weight a person can successfully lift, and upper and lower body power. Participants were equally randomized to either accommodation or constant resistance training groups. Both groups underwent resistance training for a four-week period that consisted of three sessions per week. Multivariate repeated-measures analyses of variance of the data were used to verify significant differences in strength and power between groups. The modified Bonferroni post hoc test was used to compare the obtained results in pre-, mid-, and post test. Results. In the accommodation resistance group, there was a significant difference in lower body maximal strength compared to the constant group (163.12 ± 18.82 kg in the accommodation group vs. 142.25 ± 20.04 kg in the constant group, P = 0.04). No significant differences were found in upper body power, lower body power, and upper body maximal strength between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion. Although there was only a significant difference in lower body maximal strength between groups, accommodation resistance training may induce a physiological training response by improving the strength and power of stabilizing muscle groups required to balance the bar if consistently used over time.
Efficient relay selection in multi-source cooperative networks

Cooperative communication has been proven as one of the effective spatial diversity techniques to mitigate channel impairments due to fading. In classical relay selection schemes, plenty of source nodes are supported by a best relay and the transmit power of this relay is equally divided among multiple sources, leading to a low relay power level to help each source devoted and thus an unreliable transmission. To address this issue, we propose a distributed relay selection scheme, where each relay considers the maximum number of source nodes to help without incurring errors. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has a superior outage performance comparing with other schemes, especially in the networks with `large number of sources'. Furthermore, the proposed scheme effectively makes use of relay power, and it reduces the total power consumption for relay cooperation.
Dynamic Light Scattering Study of Hydroxyapatite Formation : Effect of Osteopontin and Bone

ii Acknowledgments. iii List of Tables . vi List of Figures . vii Chapter 1: Introduction and Literature Review . 1 1.1 Biomineralization . 1 1.2 Crystal Nucleation and Growth . 2 1.2.1 Nucleation . 2 1.2.2 Heterogeneous Matrix-Mediated Nucleation . 5 1.2. 3 Growth . 6 1.3 Proteins . 8 1.3. 1 Osteopontin . 9 1.3. 2 Bone sialoportein . 12 1.4 Methods for Characterization of Protein Modulation of Mineralization . 14 1.4. 1 Steady State . 14 1.4. 2 Constant Composition Method . 16 1.4. 3 Dynamic Light Scattering . 17 1.5 Purpose of this Thesis . 19 Chapter 2: Methods . 21 2.1 Dynamic Light Scattering . 21 2.1.1 Theory of Dynamic Light Scattering . 21 2.1.2 Dynamic Light Scattering Experiment . 25 2.1.3 Data Analysis . 26 2.2 Identification of Precipitates . 28 2.2.1 X-ray crystallography . 28 2.2.2 X-ray diffraction from a crystal: Bragg’s Law . 28 2.2. 3 Crystal Preparation. 29
On improving tie strength estimates by aggregating multiple communication channels

The degree of closeness in a relationship is characterized as tie strength. Estimates of tie strength can be useful in many contexts, including as a parameter in access control policies or social context based services. Several papers have proposed how tie strength can be estimated by quantifying interactions in different individual communication channels such as online social networks, phone communication and face-to-face encounters. It has been conjectured by Wiese et al. [1] that considering only a single communication channel may not lead to accurate estimates of tie strengths. In this paper, we explore this conjecture by examining whether the combination of co-location events and mobile communication data can lead to better tie strength estimations than considering each channel individually. Surprisingly, our results indicate that the conjecture may not be true, but further analysis with more extensive datasets is needed to confirm the result.
Androgen Dependent Mammary Gland Virilism in Rats Given the Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator LY2066948 Hydrochloride

A selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) is a nonsteroidal compound with tissue specific estrogen receptor (ER) agonist or antagonist activities. In animals, SERMs may produce morphologic changes in hormonally-sensitive tissues like the mammary gland. Mammary glands from female rats given the SERM LY2066948 hydrochloride (LY2066948) for 1 month at ≥ 175 mg/kg had intralobular ducts and alveoli lined by multiple layers of vacuolated, hypertrophied epithelial cells, resembling in part the morphology of the normal male rat mammary gland. We hypothesized that these SERM-mediated changes represented an androgen-dependent virilism of the female rat mammary gland. To test this hypothesis, the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide was co-administered with LY2066948 (175 mg/kg) to female rats for 1 month. Female rats given SERM alone had hyperandrogenemia and the duct and alveolar changes described here. Flutamide cotreatment did not affect serum androgen levels but completely blocked the SERM-mediated mammary gland change. In the mouse, a species that does not have the sex-specific differences in the mammary gland observed in the rat, SERM treatment resulted in hyperandrogenemia but did not alter mammary gland morphology. These studies demonstrate that LY2066948 produces species-specific, androgen-dependent mammary gland virilism in the female rat.
FIR and IIR Synapses, a New Neural Network Architecture for Time Series Modeling

A new neural network architecture involving either local feedforward global feedforward, and/or local recurrent global feedforward structure is proposed. A learning rule minimizing a mean square error criterion is derived. The performance of this algorithm (local recurrent global feedforward architecture) is compared with a local-feedforward global-feedforward architecture. It is shown that the local-recurrent global-feedforward model performs better than the local-feedforward global-feedforward model.
Asymmetric Structure of the Yeast F1 ATPase in the Absence of Bound Nucleotides*

The crystal structure of nucleotide-free yeast F1 ATPase has been determined at a resolution of 3.6 Å. The overall structure is very similar to that of the ground state enzyme. In particular, the βDP and βTP subunits both adopt the closed conformation found in the ground state structure despite the absence of bound nucleotides. This implies that interactions between the γ and β subunits are as important as nucleotide occupancy in determining the conformational state of the β subunits. Furthermore, this result suggests that for the mitochondrial enzyme, there is no state of nucleotide occupancy that would result in more than one of the β subunits adopting the open conformation. The adenine-binding pocket of the βTP subunit is disrupted in the apoenzyme, suggesting that the βDP subunit is responsible for unisite catalytic activity.
The Association between the Lipids Levels in Blood and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Lipid metabolism may be involved in the pathogenic mechanism of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, conflicting results have been reported in the associations of AMD with blood lipids. We performed a meta-analysis including a total of 19 studies to evaluate associations between blood lipids and this disease. The result reported that the high level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) obtained with an increment of 1 mmol/L could result in a significantly increase in the AMD risk of approximately 18% (relative risk (RR), 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01 to 1.35; I2 = 53.8%; p = 0.007). High levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of AMD (RRs ranging from 0.92 to 0.95; all p < 0.05). The stratified analysis based on AMD subtypes showed that these blood lipids were only significantly associated with the risk of early AMD (all p < 0.05). The association between the blood lipids and AMD risk did not differ substantially based on the other characteristics of the participants. A high HDL-C level was associated with an increased AMD risk, whereas participants with high TC, LDL-C, and TG concentrations may show a decreased risk for this disease. Further well-designed large studies are warranted to confirm the conclusions.
Draft Genome Assembly of Two Pseudoclavibacter helvolus Strains, G8 and W3, Isolated from Slaughterhouse Environments

ABSTRACT We report the draft genome sequences of two Pseudoclavibacter helvolus strains. Strain G8 was isolated from a meat chopper and strain W3 isolated from the wall of a small slaughterhouse in Denmark. The two annotated genomes are 3.91 Mb and 4.00 Mb in size, respectively.
Hierarchical Representation Learning for Kinship Verification

Kinship verification has a number of applications such as organizing large collections of images and recognizing resemblances among humans. In this paper, first, a human study is conducted to understand the capabilities of human mind and to identify the discriminatory areas of a face that facilitate kinshipcues. The visual stimuli presented to the participants determine their ability to recognize kin relationship using the whole face as well as specific facial regions. The effect of participant gender and age and kin-relation pair of the stimulus is analyzed using quantitative measures such as accuracy, discriminability index d', and perceptual information entropy. Utilizing the information obtained from the human study, a hierarchical kinship verification via representation learning (KVRL) framework is utilized to learn the representation of different face regions in an unsupervised manner. We propose a novel approach for feature representation termed as filtered contractive deep belief networks (fcDBN). The proposed feature representation encodes relational information present in images using filters and contractive regularization penalty. A compact representation of facial images of kin is extracted as an output from the learned model and a multi-layer neural network is utilized to verify the kin accurately. A new WVU kinship database is created, which consists of multiple images per subject to facilitate kinship verification. The results show that the proposed deep learning framework (KVRL-fcDBN) yields the state-of-the-art kinship verification accuracy on the WVU kinship database and on four existing benchmark data sets. Furthermore, kinship information is used as a soft biometric modality to boost the performance of face verification via product of likelihood ratio and support vector machine based approaches. Using the proposed KVRL-fcDBN framework, an improvement of over 20% is observed in the performance of face verification.
Predictive Analytics for Breast Cancer Survivability: A Comparison of Five Predictive Models

Predicting the statistics of survival from the innumerable reports of breast cancer is a difficult job to perform, one that every researcher tackles in the field of medicals science. Since the birth stages of the related research, many new techniques have advanced. This point is evident from the groundbreaking biomedical technologies and discovery of better self-explanatory predictive factors. Due to supply of cheaper computer hardware and easy availability of software technologies, large amount of qualitative data is being stored automatically. The developed ways of analyzing huge data quantities have bestowed upon this field efficient and effective means of processing. Five renowned data mining algorithms (Naive Bayes classification, decision trees, IBK, support vector machine (using SMO) and OneR,) were used for our prediction models applied to a substantiate dataset (more than 683cases). The10-fold cross-validation method was also taken into due consideration to determine the prediction accuracy of the five prognostic designs in comparing their credibility. Through a sensitivity analysis of support vector machines, we were able to gauge the prioritized importance of predictive factors in this work.
Mobilizable intracellular pool of p55 (type I) tumor necrosis factor receptors in human neutrophils

The distribution of type I (p55) and type II (p75) tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNF‐Rs) in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) was analyzed by Western blotting of subcellular fractions obtained by centrifugation of PMN cavitates on Percoll density gradients. In resting PMNs, the p55 receptor was associated with both γ and β fractions, enriched in plasma membranes and specific granules, respectively, whereas the p75 TNF‐R was located only in the γ fraction. Intracellular p55 TNF‐R bound 125I‐labeled TNF in a ligand blot assay and migrated as a diffuse band of 46–60 kd, similar to the plasma membrane receptor. Activation of PMNs with the chemattractant N‐formylmethionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP), in conditions that induced the selective release of the tertiary granule marker gelatinase, caused the shedding of most of membrane p55 TNF‐R as a 28‐kd soluble form but had little effect on the distribution of the receptors in β fractions. By contrast, when specific granule secretion was induced in the presence of cytochalasin B, a marked decrease in reactivity of β fractions with anti–p55 TNF‐R antibody was observed. At the same time, the amount of soluble 28‐kd fragment found in the supernatant was increased. Thus, the intracellular pool of p55 TNF‐R is associated with functional secretory granules and is redistributed in response to PMN activation.
Motion compensated color image : classification and parameter : estimation in a Markovian framework

This paper deals with the classi cation of color video sequences using Markov Random Fields MRF taking into account motion information The theoretical framework relies on Bayesian estimation associated with MRF modelization and combinatorial optimization Simulated Annealing In the MRF model we use the CIE luv color metric because it is close to human perception when computing color di erences In addition intensity and chroma information is separated in this space The sequence is regarded as a stack of frames and both intra and inter frame cliques are de ned in the label eld Without motion compensation an inter frame clique would contain the corresponding pixel in the previous and next frame In the motion compensated model we add a displacement eld and it is taken into account in inter frame interactions The displacement eld is also a MRF but there are no inter frame cliques The Maximum A Posteriori MAP estimate of the label and displacement eld is obtained through Simulated Annealing Without parameter estimation our model would not be useful in real life applications We propose herein a method to compute model parameters on the rst frame regarded as a still color image of the input video sequence The proposed method estimates mean vectors e ectively even if the observed image is very noisy and the histogram does not have clearly distinguishable peaks These values are then used in a more complex iterative estimation process as initial values The only parameter supplied by the user is the number of classes All other parameters are estimated from the observed image The algorithms have been tested on a variety of real color video sequences The Hong Kong University of Science Technology Technical Report Series Department of Computer Science
Evaluating the practical performance of absorbing boundary conditions (ABC) in higher-order, finite-difference, time-domain (FDTD) GPR modelling

Finite-difference, time-domain (FDTD) methods are now commonly used for the integrated forward modelling of practical GPR in a wide range of processing, inversion and analysis applications. The wide availability of high-performance computing resources has led to the development of sophisticated, higher-order, 3D models that are able to tackle real-world problems in practical time scales. However, these models are often truncated by computationally inefficient and/or poorly optimised outer absorbing boundary conditions (ABC). In this paper, we evaluate the practical performance of two of the most common techniques; (a) Perfectly Matched Layers (PML) and (b) wave matching boundaries (e.g., Higdon). We show that under certain 3D conditions, the computationally faster, wave matching boundaries can perform as well as the PML techniques and reduce the likelihood of unexpected internal reflections/errors occurring.