Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving LVRT characteristics in variable-speed wind power generation by means of fuzzy logic

Wind system using a fixed-speed wind power generation SCIG (Squirrel-cage Induction Generator) tends to drain large amount of reactive power from the grid, potentially causing a drop voltage and perhaps voltage stability conundrum. To improve the SCIG's low voltage ride through (LVRT) characteristics, this paper presents a new control strategy for a variable-speed wind power generation DFIG (Doubly-fed Induction Generator) located closely to the SCIG-based wind system by utilizing the control capability of fuzzy logic technique. The proposed control system regulates effectively reactive power output of the DFIG wind turbine by controlling both grid-side and rotor-side converters to compensate the reactive power absorbed by the SCIG-based wind turbine. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategies is proven by simulation results. These illustrates that the LVRT characteristics and stability margin of the SCIG-based wind system is significantly improved when extra reactive power is compensated from the DFIG wind system in the proximity.
Identification of a Protein Kinase from Dictyosteliumwith Homology to the Novel Catalytic Domain of Myosin Heavy Chain Kinase A*

Myosin II assembly and localization into the cytoskeleton is regulated by heavy chain phosphorylation inDictyostelium. The enzyme myosin heavy chain kinase A (MHCK A) has been shown previously to drive myosin filament disassemblyin vitro and in vivo. MHCK A is noteworthy in that its catalytic domain is unrelated to the conventional families of eukaryotic protein kinases. We report here the cloning and initial biochemical characterization of another kinase fromDictyostelium that is related to MHCK A. When the segment of this protein that is similar to the MHCK A catalytic domain was expressed in bacteria, the resultant protein displayed efficient autophosphorylation, phosphorylated Dictyostelium myosin II, and also phosphorylated a peptide substrate corresponding to a portion of the myosin II tail. We have therefore named this gene myosin heavy chain kinase B. These results provide the first confirmation that sequences in other proteins that are related to the MHCK A catalytic domain can also encode protein kinase activity. It is likely that the related segments of homology present in rat eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase and a putative nematode eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase also encode the catalytic domains of those enzymes.
Noah Webster's Etymological Principles

Noah Webster's An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828) established him as America's foremost lexicographer, making his name synonymous with dictionary. It is generally agreed that Webster's main contribution to the field of lexicography was his defining methodology, and this aspect of his work has been well documented. By contrast, the etymological portion of his work is usually regarded as less than scholarly and is little studied even though he spent ten years teaching himself his own type of etymology. It seems appropriate somehow to examine Webster's etymological principles (rather than to dismiss them) in order to gain a clearer understanding of both the man and his work. In the portion of his dictionary titled "Philosophical and Practical Grammar, &c. '" Webster included etymology among the four parts of grammar (along with orthography, syntax, and prosody). He also stated that "etymology treats of the derivation of words from their radicals or primitives, and of their various inflections and modifications to express person, number, case, sex, time and mode. "2 Webster's definition at the etymology entry reiterates this dualistic view: 1 . That part of philology which explains the origin and derivation of words, with a view to ascertain their radical or primary signification. In grammar, etymology comprehends the various inflections and modifications of words, and shows how they are formed from their simple roots. 2.The deduction of words from their originals; the analysis of compound words into their primitives.3 According to Michael O'Neill, there are two distinct periods of etymological study: "Before 1800 etymology includes words provenance, the parts of speech and their inflections, and word compounding. After 1800 the scope of etymology narrowed to include only word provenance. "4 Thus, according to O'Neill's
Does Pan Diameter Influence Carbon Monoxide Levels During Heating of Water to Boiling Point With a Camping Stove?

Objectives To determine whether pan diameter influences carbon monoxide (CO) concentration during heating of water to boiling point with a camping stove. The hypothesis was that increasing pan diameter increases CO concentration because of greater flame dispersal and a larger flame. Method This was a randomized, prospective study. A Coleman Dual Fuel 533 stove was used to heat pans of water to boiling point, with CO concentration monitored every 30 seconds for 5 minutes. The stove was inside a partially ventilated 200-L cardboard box model that was inside an environmental chamber at −6°C. Water temperature, water volume, and flame characteristics were all standardized. Ten trials were performed for each of 2 pan diameters (base diameters of 165 mm [small] and 220 mm [large]). Results There was a significant difference (P = .002) between the pans for CO levels at each measurement interval from 60 seconds onward. These differences were markedly larger after 90 seconds, with a mean difference of 185 ppm (95% CI 115, 276 ppm) for all the results from 120 seconds onwards. Conclusion This study has shown that there is significantly higher CO production with a large-diameter pan compared with a small-diameter pan. These findings were evident by using a camping stove to heat water to boiling point when a maximum blue flame was present throughout. Thus, in enclosed environments it is recommended that small-diameter pans be used in an attempt to prevent high CO levels.
Males Influence Maternal Effects That Promote Sexual Selection: A Quantitative Genetic Experiment with Dung Beetles Onthophagus taurus

Recently, doubt has been cast on studies supporting good genes sexual selection by the suggestion that observed genetic benefits for offspring may be confounded by differential maternal allocation. In traditional analyses, observed genetic sire effects on offspring phenotype may result from females allocating more resources to the offspring of attractive males. However, maternal effects such as differential allocation may represent a mechanism promoting genetic sire effects, rather than an alternative to them. Here we report results from an experiment on the horned dung beetle Onthophagus taurus, in which we directly compare genetic sire effects with maternal effects that are dependent on sire phenotype. We found strong evidence that mothers provide more resources to offspring when mated with large‐horned males. There were significant heritabilities for both horn length and body size, but when differential maternal effects were controlled, the observed estimates of genetic variance were greatly reduced. Our experiment provides evidence that differential maternal effects may amplify genetic effects on offspring traits that are closely related to fitness. Thus, our results may partly explain the relatively high coefficients of additive genetic variation observed in fitness‐related traits and provide empirical support for the theoretical argument that maternal effects can play an important role in evolution.
Should the Hemoglobin A1c Diagnostic Cutoff Differ Between Blacks and Whites?

BACKGROUND Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are known to be consistently higher in black persons than in white persons at any given glycemic level. Whether the optimal diagnostic threshold of HbA1c should differ between blacks and whites is unclear. OBJECTIVE To compare the relationships between HbA1c level and the prevalence of retinopathy in black and white U.S. adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A nationally representative sample of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 through 2008. PATIENTS 2804 white persons and 1008 black persons aged 40 years or older in the United States. MEASUREMENTS Prevalence of retinopathy. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were constructed separately for white and black populations to test the HbA1c levels at which risk for retinopathy begins to increase. RESULTS After adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, body mass index, family history of diabetes, and use of antidiabetes medications or insulin, the lowest HbA1c category for which the prevalence of retinopathy was significantly higher than the reference category (<5.5%) was 6.0% to 6.4% for white persons (risk difference, 4.8% [95% CI, 0.5% to 9.1%]) and 5.5% to 5.9% for black persons (risk difference, 5.3% [CI, 1.0% to 9.5%]). The restricted cubic spline models indicated that the risk for retinopathy increased at lower HbA1c levels in black persons than in white persons. LIMITATION The cross-sectional design of the study precluded examining the effect of the duration at each HbA1c level. CONCLUSION The prevalence of retinopathy begins to increase at a lower HbA1c level in black Americans than in white Americans. The findings do not support increasing the diagnostic threshold of HbA1c in black persons. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE None.
Bayesian Estimation and Prediction for Flexible Weibull Model under Type-II Censoring Scheme

We have developed the Bayesian estimation procedure for flexible Weibull distribution under Type-II censoring scheme assuming Jeffrey's scale invariant (noninformative) and Gamma (informative) priors for the model parameters. The interval estimation for the model parameters has been performed through normal approximation, bootstrap, and highest posterior density (HPD) procedures. Further, we have also derived the predictive posteriors and the corresponding predictive survival functions for the future observations based on Type-II censored data from the flexible Weibull distribution. Since the predictive posteriors are not in the closed form, we proposed to use the Monte Carlo Markov chain (MCMC) methods to approximate the posteriors of interest. The performance of the Bayes estimators has also been compared with the classical estimators of the model parameters through the Monte Carlo simulation study. A real data set representing the time between failures of secondary reactor pumps has been analysed for illustration purpose.
Nanobarcoded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for nanomedicine: Quantitative studies of cell–nanoparticle interactions by scanning image cytometry

Oligonucleotide‐functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) are promising agents for nanomedicine, but the potential in vitro nanotoxicity that may arise from such conjugates has yet to be evaluated in a dose response manner. Since nanomedicine functions on the single‐cell level, measurements of nanotoxicity should also be performed as such. In vitro single‐cell nanotoxicity assays based on scanning image cytometry are used to study a specific type of oligo‐functionalized NP, “nanobarcoded” superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (NB‐SPIONs). The selected panel of single‐cell assays measures well‐known modes of nanotoxicity—apoptosis, necrosis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell number. Using these assays, the cytotoxicity of two sizes of NB‐SPIONs (10 nm and 30 nm core size) was compared to the parent NP, carboxylated SPIONs (COOH‐SPIONs). The results suggest that the conjugated NB confers a biocompatible coating that protects against cytotoxicity at very high SPION doses, but both NB‐ and COOH‐SPIONs of either size generally have low in vitro cytotoxicity at physiologically relevant doses. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A New Cascaded Multilevel Converter Based on NPC Cells

A new converter topology, which is based on the modular use of modified Neutral Point Clamped cells and suitable to supply high-power medium-voltage ac motors, is presented. The proposed structure allows a remarkable reduction of the dc-link voltage capacitors and/or of the dc-link voltage ripple, with respect to the more conventional topology, owing to the implementation of a new devised control strategy. The new structure uses only two additional controllable switch-diode couples for each basic NPC cell, with a small increment in cost and complexity of the converter system. No impact on both the load and line side is created, to the exclusion of the improvement of the load voltage waveform.
InP quantum dots: Electronic structure, surface effects, and the redshifted emission

We present pseudopotential plane-wave electronic-structure calculations on InP quantum dots in an effort to understand quantum confinement and surface effects and to identify the origin of the long-lived and redshifted luminescence. We find that~i! unlike the case in small GaAs dots, the lowest unoccupied state of InP dots is the G 1c-derived direct state rather than the X1c-derived indirect state and ~ii! unlike the prediction of kip models, the highest occupied state in InP dots has a 1 sd-type envelope function rather than a ~dipoleforbidden! 1 pf envelope function. Thus explanations ~i! and ~ii! to the long-lived redshifted emission in terms of an orbitally forbidden character can be excluded. Furthermore, ~iii! fully passivated InP dots have no surface states in the gap. However, ~iv! removal of the anion-site passivation leads to a P dangling bond ~DB! state just above the valence band, which will act as a trap for photogenerated holes. Similarly, ~v! removal of the cation-site passivation leads to an In dangling-bond state below the conduction band. While the energy of the In DB state depends only weakly on quantum size, its radiative lifetime increases with quantum size. The calculated ;300-meV redshift and the ;18 times longer radiative lifetime relative to the dot-interior transition for the 26-A dot with an In DB are in good agreement with the observations of full-luminescence experiments for unetched InP dots. Yet, ~vi! this type of redshift due to surface defect is inconsistent with that measured in selective excitation for HF-etched InP dots. ~vii! The latter type of ~‘‘resonant’’ ! redshift is compatible with the calculated screened singlet-triplet splitting in InP dots, suggesting that the slow emitting state seen in selective excitation could be a triplet state. @S0163-1829~97! 04428-7#
Motion correction for cardiac SPECT using a RBI-ML partial-reconstruction approach

In single photon computed tomography, patient motion can significantly affect image quality. Methods to correct for patient motion rely on available information about the motion or stable algorithms have to be developed to detect and describe object motion. In this work we introduce a reconstruction method that corrects for rigid body motion and we investigate a method to exploit the motion information that might be hidden in the projection data and possibly modify motion descriptions that were retrieved by external motion tracking devices. The search method was based on reconstructing only parts of the projection angles using an RBI-ML partial-reconstruction approach (PRA). It tests a motion description with only one forward projection per detector head instead of a full reconstruction using all projections. A figure of merit based on the per angle likelihood function in projection space was introduced. With simulated MCAT data we could show that the PRA was able to identify the optimum 3D rigid body motion correction with an error of 1 pixel in each cartesian direction. Future work will address 3D translations, multiple motions, detector resolution compensation and will also concentrate on the improvement of the figure of merit.
Rhyme Priming of Pictures and Words: A Lexical Activation Account

Orthographically/phonologically related primes have typically been found to facilitate processing of target words. This phenomenon is usually explained in terms of spreading activation between nodes for orthographically/phonologically similar words in lexical memory. The phenomenon was explored in a series of studies involving the manipulations of prime and target type (word or picture) and prime and target task (naming or categorization). Generally, the results support the lexical activation explanation. Named primes, which activate lexical memory, facilitate processing in all target tasks involving lexical access (word and picture naming and word categorization), independent of prime type. Categorized primes show the expected Prime Type x Relatedness interaction with word primes, which activate lexical memory, producing much more facilitation than picture primes. Finally, unlike in semantic priming studies, increased depth of processing of a word prime decreased the size of the priming effects. Apparently, initial activation levels in lexical memory are not maintained when semantic processing of the prime is required. One of the major issues being addressed by cognitive psychologists is how context affects the processing of new information. Especially fruitful in this regard has been the priming paradigm first reported by Meyer and Schvaneveldt (1971). In a typical priming task, two stimuli are presented sequentially. The first, or prime, stimulus establishes a particular context. Empirically, the question is whether this context affects processing of the second, or target, stimulus.
Glottal open quotient estimation using linear prediction

A new method for the estimation of the voice open quotient is presented. Assuming abrupt glottal closures, the glottal flow waveform is considered as the impulse response of an anticausal two-poles filter. It is defined by four parameters : To, Av, Oq and <l'm· The last three ones are estimated by a second-order linear prediction of the inverse filtered speech. Results on synthetic and natural speech signals are reported and compared with measurements on the corresponding electroglottographic signals.
Crime and Its Social Context: Analysis Using the Self-Organizing Map

Data mining and visualization techniques show their value in various domains but have not been broadly applied to the study of crime, which is in demand of an instrument to efficiently and effectively analyze available data. The purpose of this study is to apply the Self-Orgamizing Map (SOM) to mapping countries with different situations of socio-economic development. Supplemented by other methods, including Scatter Counter for attribute selection, and nearest neighbor search, discriminant analysis and decision trees for obtaining comparable results, the SOM is found to be a useful tool for mapping criminal phenomena through processing of multivariate data.
Étalonnage des jets et mesure de la section efficace de production de paires de quarks top dans le canal hadronique à $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV avec l'expérience ATLAS auprès du LHC

Les travaux presentes dans cette these s'inscrivent dans le cadre de la mesure de la section efficace de production de paires de quarks top dans le canal hadronique a une energie dans le centre de masse de 8 TeV au sein de l'experience ATLAS aupres du LHC. Apres une introduction au contexte phenomenologique du modele standard et a la physique du quark top, une description du detecteur ATLAS et de la reconstruction des evenements de collisions est donnee. La premiere analyse presentee se focalise sur les performances du calorimetre electromagnetique, en etudiant en details l'influence des variations des hautes tensions sur l'echelle d'energie et sa resolution, a l'aide d'evenements Z -+ ee selectionnes a partir des 4. 5 fb-1 de donnees collectees a 7 TeV en 2011. La deuxieme partie est consacree aux etudes de performances des jets. Apres un passage en revue de la procedure d'etalonnage de ces objets, des mesures de l'echelle d'energie et de la resolution realisees a l'aide d'une methode de balance directe sur des evenements Z+jet selectionnes a partir des 20. 3 fb-1 de donnees a 8 TeV collectees en 2012, sont presentees. Les resultats de ces etudes de performances sont notamment utilisees dans la derniere partie de cette these, qui est dediee a la mesure de la section efficace tt realisee sur les donnees collectees en 2012. L'analyse presentee utilise une methode de X2 analytique pour reconstruire l'etat final de la paire tt et une methode dite "ABCD" pour estimer la contribution du bruit de fond dans la region de signal selectionnee. La valeur de section efficace est obtenue avec une precision de 19% et est compatible avec la prediction du modele standard.
External‐beam radiotherapy for differentiated thyroid cancer locoregional control: A statement of the American Head and Neck Society

The use of external‐beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is debated because of a lack of prospective clinical data, but recent retrospective studies have reported benefits in selected patients. The Endocrine Surgery Committee of the American Head and Neck Society provides 4 recommendations regarding EBRT for locoregional control in DTC, based on review of literature and expert opinion of the authors. (1) EBRT is recommended for patients with gross residual or unresectable locoregional disease, except for patients <45 years old with limited gross disease that is radioactive iodine (RAI)‐avid. (2) EBRT should not be routinely used as adjuvant therapy after complete resection of gross disease. (3) After complete resection, EBRT may be considered in select patients >45 years old with high likelihood of microscopic residual disease and low likelihood of responding to RAI. (4) Cervical lymph node involvement alone should not be an indication for adjuvant EBRT. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 493–498, 2016
Comparison of background extraction based intrusion detection algorithms

Several pelwise motion detectors are reviewed in this paper. They are compared in the context of intrusion detection in indoor scenes. The presented motion detection algorithms are based on a pelwise detection of changes in the observed input frame with respect to a recursively updated background. The same global decision module is applied to the outputs of the respective pelwise change detectors. The overall performance is shown to depend on the type of the pelwise temporal filter, and on the image features applied to it.
Complexity of strings in the class of Markov sources

Shannon's self-information of a string is generalized to its complexity relative to the class of finite-state-machine (FSM) defined sources. Unlike an earlier generalization, the new one is valid for both short and long strings. The definition is justified in part by a theorem stating that, asymptotically, the mean complexity provides a tight lower bound for the mean length of all so-called regular codes. This also generalizes Shannon's noiseless coding theorem. For a large subclass of FSM sources a simple algorithm is described for computing the complexity.