Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling of an internal combustion engine for control analysis

Recent activity in nonthermodynamic modeling of automotive internal combustion engines with spark ignition, which are inherently nonlinear, is reviewed. A fundamental nonlinear model of the engine is presented, and a linear control-oriented model is derived from the nonlinear process. Techniques for experimental verification are examined, and a practical linear engine example incorporating multirate sampling is illustrated. <<ETX>>
Impact of Malocclusion on the Quality of Life of Brazilian Adolescents: A Population-Based Study

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of malocclusion on the quality of life (QOL) of adolescents in Brazil. We carried out a cross-sectional study in a sample population of 1015 schoolchildren aged 12 to 15 years from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. The explanatory variable was malocclusion, evaluated on the basis of the normative need or the adolescent’s self-perceived need for dental treatment. Normative need for dental treatment was determined by professional diagnosis, made on the basis of Angle’s classification, the Dental Aesthetic Index, and other morphological deviations (e.g., posterior crossbite, posterior open bite, and deep overbite). We analyzed the impact of malocclusion on the QOL using the Portuguese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14. Associations were estimated by using the prevalence ratio (PR) in Poisson regression analysis, with hierarchized modeling. An alpha of 5% was adopted as the criterion for statistical significance. The QOL of adolescents was impacted by malocclusion, classified by a normative need for treatment according to the Dental Aesthetic Index (PR = 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.56) or by the self-perceived need for treatment (PR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.81–3.56). Certain sociodemographic variables, including the head of the family (PR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.02–2.23), greater educational level of the head of the family (PR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.17–0.61), and female sex (PR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.05–1.89), had negative associations with QOL. We conclude that malocclusion has a negative impact on the QOL of adolescents, associated with socioeconomic conditions and the cosmetic effects of malocclusion.
Irradiation of a Six-Layered Spherical Model of Human Head in the Near Field of a Half-Wave Dipole Antenna

The interaction between a six-layered lossy spherical human head model and a half-wave dipole antenna is analyzed in this paper. The proposed method is based on deriving a simple form of Green's function for multilayer lossy sphere. To derive the Green's function of the six-layered sphere, first the Sommerfeld integral is used to expand the field of a simple electric dipole as a sum of an infinite number of the TE and TM plane waves. The response of the six-layered sphere is then calculated for each external plane wave. Finally, the total field is obtained as an integral of the responses to each plane wave. The method of auxiliary sources is then applied to model the half-wave dipole antenna as a set of unknown auxiliary current sources along the axis of the dipole antenna. By imposing boundary conditions on the surface of the antenna, the unknown coefficients can be calculated and, therefore, the electric field at any point can be obtained. In the numerical results, the important design parameters such as antenna radiation patterns, gain, and specific absorption rate are calculated at 900 and 1900 MHz. The validity of the introduced method is investigated using the full-wave electromagnetic-simulation software.
Understanding pending issue of society and sentiment analysis using social media

The recent social media use of the masses in the development of information technology and the popularization of smartphones continues to rapidly increase. In particular, to understand pending issue of society, there is a tendency for local anonymous entities to increase the use of social media to gather information. In this study, the pending issue of society was examined by analyzing the non-structured data of the `Sejong City dot-com' in the social media of Sejong City. And with the help of the Naive Bayes in Machine Learning Algorithm, we attempted to derive the results of the Sentiment Analysis of each pending issue of society.
Exploring the music similarity space on the web

This article comprehensively addresses the problem of similarity measurement between music artists via text-based features extracted from Web pages. To this end, we present a thorough evaluation of different term-weighting strategies, normalization methods, aggregation functions, and similarity measurement techniques. In large-scale genre classification experiments carried out on real-world artist collections, we analyze several thousand combinations of settings/parameters that influence the similarity calculation process, and investigate in which way they impact the quality of the similarity estimates. Accurate similarity measures for music are vital for many applications, such as automated playlist generation, music recommender systems, music information systems, or intelligent user interfaces to access music collections by means beyond text-based browsing. Therefore, by exhaustively analyzing the potential of text-based features derived from artist-related Web pages, this article constitutes an important contribution to context-based music information research.
Use at your own risk: the Java unsafe API in the wild

Java is a safe language. Its runtime environment provides strong safety guarantees that any Java application can rely on. Or so we think. We show that the runtime actually does not provide these guarantees---for a large fraction of today's Java code. Unbeknownst to many application developers, the Java runtime includes a "backdoor" that allows expert library and framework developers to circumvent Java's safety guarantees. This backdoor is there by design, and is well known to experts, as it enables them to write high-performance "systems-level" code in Java. For much the same reasons that safe languages are preferred over unsafe languages, these powerful---but unsafe---capabilities in Java should be restricted. They should be made safe by changing the language, the runtime system, or the libraries. At the very least, their use should be restricted. This paper is a step in that direction. We analyzed 74 GB of compiled Java code, spread over 86,479 Java archives, to determine how Java's unsafe capabilities are used in real-world libraries and applications. We found that 25% of Java bytecode archives depend on unsafe third-party Java code, and thus Java's safety guarantees cannot be trusted. We identify 14 different usage patterns of Java's unsafe capabilities, and we provide supporting evidence for why real-world code needs these capabilities. Our long-term goal is to provide a foundation for the design of new language features to regain safety in Java.
The Peter Principle: A Theory of Decline

Some have observed that individuals perform worse after being promoted. The Peter principle, which states that people are promoted to their level of incompetence, suggests that something is fundamentally misaligned in the promotion process. This view is unnecessary and inconsistent with the data. Below, it is argued that ability appears lower after promotion purely as a statistical matter. Being promoted is evidence that a standard has been met. Regression to the mean implies that future ability will be lower, on average. Firms optimally account for the regression bias in making promotion decisions, but the effect is never eliminated. Rather than evidence of a mistake, the Peter principle is a necessary consequence of any promotion rule. Furthermore, firms that take it into account appropriately adopt an optimal strategy. Usually, firms inflate the promotion criterion to offset the Peter principle effect, and the more important the transitory component is relative to total variation in ability, the larger the amount that the standard is inflated. The same logic applies to other situations. For example, it explains why movie sequels are worse than the original film on which they are based and why second visits to restaurants are less rewarding than the first.
E-learning and its Impact to the Educational System in the Arab World

E-Learning is relatively new emerging technology that spans the universities and other institutions. It concentrates on utilizing Knowledge of teachers in a way that academic courses can be delivered anywhere and anytime. As time passes, the growth of knowledge imposed new requirements for a better use of this asset. Knowledge Management (KM) is the way to a better utilization of the knowledge. The emergence of Information Technology (IT) provides tools for such management, until the new era of learning, namely the E-Learning, poses its impacts on knowledge acquisition and utilization, and hence on KM. This new trend in both KM and E-Learning lets many educational institutional organizations in most parts of the world take the advantages of these technologies. But unfortunately, in the Arab world such move comes through the supporting of some international organizations. Some projects show the benefit of this approach. However the success of such projects may requires answering the following question:How does integration occur between Knowledge Management and e-Learning? This paper addresses e-learning at the university environment and focuses on the Jordanian universities experience in developing e-learning courses. We address the design issues of e-learning courses that can be used to capture the teachers' knowledge. The underlying objective is that e-learning is a key knowledge and major resources for many universities. Therefore, the design of e-learning should be an important part of the university knowledge management process. Teachers’ knowledge, in any important topic or field, should be managed in a way that the university can benefit from it in case of teacher leaving or retired. Hence, intellectual personal knowledge management will be explored through the development of e-learning systems.The potential for utilizing human knowledge in the university environment will optimize the resources and can be of cost effective and quality assurance factors and provide the university with a sustainable competitive advantage.
Benefits of the big . LITTLE Architecture

The demand for performance from portable computing devices, such as tablet computers and smartphones, has been steadily rising. As an immediate consequence of this trend, computingand display-intensive applications, such as gaming and high-definition video playback are turning out to be enormous drains on the device‟s power source, that is, the on-board battery. Current generation handheld computers and smartphones need high-performance CPUs, for instance, quad-core CPUs running at or above 1.5 GHz, to leverage all of the device features. However, batteries from the present generation are incapable of supporting very high computing power required in such devices, thus fail to provide considerable durations of usage to users. Moreover, when such processors are combined with high-resolution LCDs in any device, the drain is significantly higher and much quicker. One of the proposed solutions to increase battery life in such devices is to use CPUs with a different, power-efficient architecture. This paper introduces the “big.LITTLE” architecture launched by ARM® , and its adoption for the Exynos line of processors by Samsung. The paper also discusses several key advantages of this architecture, compares it to other competing architectures, and demonstrates its efficiency and superiority over other architectures, especially in extending battery life in portable, handheld computing and communications devices.
Do Structural Reforms Always Succeed? Lessons from Brazil

In the last twenty years, Brazil has experienced several attempts of improving sustainable growth through stabilization programs, and more recently, structural reforms in line with the Washington Consensus Agenda. The results, however, have been disappointing, as the per capita output growth has remained below its historic trend, and poverty and inequality remain at high levels. This paper investigates why market-oriented reforms such as trade and capital account liberalization, privatization, deregulation and stabilization failed to boost growth in Brazil. We conclude that structural reforms may contribute to growth if accompanied by microeconomic policies tailor-made to the country's needs, and by appropriate macroeconomic, institutional and political environments.
Reading handwritten German words in historical documents

The research project “Herbar Digital” was started in 2007 with the aim to digitize 3.5 million dried plants on paper sheets belonging to the Botanic Museum Berlin in Germany. Frequently there are printed labels on the sheets with handwritten annotations. The annotations are written by the determiner or the finder of the plant. They often describe the plant and give information about its name and where it was found. So procedures have to be developed in order to read the most important handwritten words on the sheets. A HMM-approach, a Fourier-approach and a DTW-approach are compared. With a limited number of words a recognition rate of about 95% is obtained by all three methods.
Enhanced Second-order Implicit Constraint Enforcement for Dynamic Simulations

This paper proposes a second-order implicit constraint enforcement method which yields enhanced controllability compared to a first-order implicit constraints enforcement method. Although the proposed method requires solving a linear system twice, it yields superior accuracy from the constraints error perspective and guarantees the precise and natural movement of objects, in contrast to the first-order method. Thus, the proposed method is the most suitable for exact prediction simulations. This paper describes the numerical formulation of second-order implicit constraints enforcement. To prove its superiority, the proposed method is compared with the firstorder method using a simple two-link simulation. In this paper, there is a reasonable discussion about the comparison of constraints error and the analysis of dynamic behavior using kinetic energy and potential energy.
The Effect of School System Size and Position in the Administrative Hierarchy upon the Guidance Administrator's Perceived Level of Authority and Needs Satisfaction.

DOCUMENT RESUME CG 006 623 Biggers, Julian L. The Effect of School System Size and Position in the Administrative Hierarchy upon the Guidance Administrator's Perceived Level of Authority and Needs Satisfaction. Texas Tech UrOv. , Lubbock. Texas 71 29p. mF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 *Administrative Personnel; *Guidance Functions; *Guidance Personnel; Guidance Programs; *Need Gratification; Personnel Needs; Power Structure; *Role Perception; School Size Guidance administrators in 70 school systems were surveyed concerning their perceived level of authority in 24 areas of the guidance program and their perceived needs satisfaction on a Maslow-type scale. School system size and the respondent's position in the administrative hierarchy were used as independent variables to test effects upon authority level and needs satisfaction. Guidance administrators near the top cf the school organization generally perceived them themselves having higher levels of authority than those further removed. Position in the administrative hierarchy had little influence upon the needs satisfaction of the incumbent. Guidance administrators in systems under 50,000 enrollment were significantly more varied in their perceptions of their level of authority and needs satisfaction than administrators in larger districts. Based upon the findingJ reported and the limitations of the sample, it was generally concluded that the organizational factors of system size and position in the administration influence the perceptions of the guidance administrator. (Author)
Multi-attribute decision making models under interval type-2 fuzzy environment

Interval type-2 fuzzy sets, each of which is characterized by the footprint of uncertainty, are a very useful means to depict the decision information in the process of decision making. In this article, we investigate the decision making problems in which all the information provided by the decision maker is expressed as interval type-2 fuzzy decision matrix where each of the elements is characterized by interval type-2 fuzzy set, and the information about attribute weights is partially known, which may be constructed by various forms. We first utilize the average centroid measure to calculate the average centroid of each attribute value and construct the average centroid matrix of the interval type-2 fuzzy decision matrix. Based on the average centroid matrix and the given attribute weight information, we establish some optimization models to determine the weights of attributes. Furthermore, we develop a procedure to identify the best alternative(s). Finally, we give an illustrative example.
Rural Tax Reform: Agricultural Productivity and Local Public Finance

The paper assesses the impact of rural tax reform on agricultural productivity, rural incomes and local public finance in China using data covering 1997 Chinese counties and the period from 1999 to 2009 spanning the abolition of agricultural taxation in 2003. Using comparable later-reformed counties as controls, the abolition was shown to have increased agricultural productivity and rural incomes, but led county governments to reallocate land from the agricultural sector to industrial and commercial uses, which gives them extra-budgetary revenue to compensate for the budgetary loss. The abolition's impact on the agricultural productivity, rural-urban income gap and on the local governments resource allocation is likely to have influenced the migration and urbanization process in China.
Neurofunctional topography of the human hippocampus

Much of what was assumed about the functional topography of the hippocampus was derived from a single case study over half a century ago. Given advances in the imaging sciences, a new era of discovery is underway, with potential to transform the understanding of healthy processing as well as the ability to treat disorders. Coactivation‐based parcellation, a meta‐analytic approach, and ultra‐high field, high‐resolution functional and structural neuroimaging to characterize the neurofunctional topography of the hippocampus was employed. Data revealed strong support for an evolutionarily preserved topography along the long‐axis. Specifically, the left hippocampus was segmented into three distinct clusters: an emotional processing cluster supported by structural and functional connectivity to the amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus, a cognitive operations cluster, with functional connectivity to the anterior cingulate and inferior frontal gyrus, and a posterior perceptual cluster with distinct structural connectivity patterns to the occipital lobe coupled with functional connectivity to the precuneus and angular gyrus. The right hippocampal segmentation was more ambiguous, with plausible 2‐ and 5‐cluster solutions. Segmentations shared connectivity with brain regions known to support the correlated processes. This represented the first neurofunctional topographic model of the hippocampus using a robust, bias‐free, multimodal approach. Hum Brain Mapp 36:5018–5037, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design Optimization with Imprecise Random Variables

Design optimization is an important engineering design activity. Performing design optimization in the presence of uncertainty has been an active area of research. The approaches used require modeling the random variables using precise probability distributions or representing uncertain quantities as fuzzy sets. This work, however, considers problems in which the random variables are described with imprecise probability distributions, which are highly relevant when there is limited information about the distribution of a random variable. In particular, this paper formulates the imprecise probability design optimization problem and presents an approach for solving it. We present examples for illustrating the approach.
NSVS 06507557: a low-mass double-lined eclipsing binary

In this paper, we present the results of a detailed spectroscopic and photometric analysis of the V = 13.4 mag low-mass eclipsing binary NSVS 06507557 with an orbital period of 0.515 d. We have obtained a series of mid-resolution spectra covering nearly the entire orbit of the system. In addition, we have obtained simultaneous VRI broad-band photometry using a small aperture telescope. From these spectroscopic and photometric data, we have derived the system's orbital parameters and we have determined the fundamental stellar parameters of the two components. Our results indicate that NSVS 06507557 consists of a K9 pre-main-sequence star and an M3 pre-main-sequence star. These have masses of 0.66 ± 0.09 M ⊙ and 0.28 ± 0.05 M ⊙ and radii of 0.60 ± 0.03 and 0.44 ± 0.02 R ⊙ , respectively, and are located at a distance of 111 ± 9 pc. The radius of the less massive secondary component is larger than that of a zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) star having the same mass. While the radius of the primary component is in agreement with ZAMS, the secondary component appears to be larger by about 35 per cent with respect to its ZAMS counterpart. Night-to-night intrinsic light variations up to 0.2 mag have been observed. In addition, the H α and H β lines and the forbidden line of [OI] are seen in emission. The Li 6708 A absorption line is seen in most of the spectra. These features are taken to be signs of the characteristics of classic T Tauri stars. The parameters we have derived are consistent with an age of about 20 Myr, according to stellar evolutionary models. The spectroscopic and photometric results are in agreement with those obtained using theoretical predictions.
A Passivity Based Control with Augmented Integration for an Interleaved Current Fed Full Bridge Converter as a Front End for Fuel Cell Source

Front end converter for fuel cells need to ensure a low input current ripple and have a voltage step up capability. Boost derived converters are often used. An interleaved current fed full bridge converter (ICFFB) has the capability to step up the voltage while maintaining a low input current ripple. Thus it is a suitable front end converter for fuel cell stacks. However, as a boost derived converter, it has a non-minimum phase behavior when designed to operate as a regulated voltage source which limits its dynamic response. A passivity based controller (PBC) plus an integrator are used here to regulate the output voltage. The paper includes the design of passivity based controller and its performance evaluation with respect to the cascaded current mode control. Experimental implementation and evaluation is presented.