Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overview of New Tools to Perform Safety Analysis : BWR Station Black Out Test Case

The existing fleet of nuclear power plants is in the process of extending its lifetime and increasing the power generated from these plants via power uprates. In order to evaluate the impacts of these two factors on the safety of the plant, the Risk Informed Safety Margin Characterization project aims to provide insights to decision makers through a series of simulations of the plant dynamics for different initial conditions (e.g., probabilistic analysis and uncertainty quantification). This paper focuses on the impacts of power uprate on the safety margin of a boiling water reactor for a station black-out event. Analysis is performed by using a combination of thermal-hydraulic codes and a stochastic analysis tool currently under development at the Idaho National Laboratory, i.e. RAVEN. We employed both classical statistical tools, i.e. Monte-Carlo, and more advanced machine learning based algorithms to perform uncertainty quantification in order to quantify changes in system performance and limitations as a consequence of power uprate. We also employed advanced data analysis and visualization tools that helped us to correlate simulation outcomes such as maximum core temperature with a set of input uncertain parameters. Results obtained give a detailed investigation of the issues associated with a plant power uprate including the effects of station black-out accident scenarios. We were able to quantify how the timing of specific events was impacted by a higher nominal reactor core power. Such safety insights can provide useful information to the decision makers to perform riskinformed margins management. Keyword: Dynamic PRA, SBO, BWR, data analysis, adaptive sampling, topological analysis
Models for a self–managed Internet

This paper uses a variety of mathematical models to explore some of the consequences of rapidly growing communications capacity for the evolution of the Internet. It argues that queueing delays may become small in comparison with propagation delays, and that differentiation between traffic classes within the network may become redundant. Instead, a simple packet network may be able to support an arbitrarily differentiated and constantly evolving set of services, by conveying information on incipient congestion to intelligent end–nodes, which themselves determine what should be their demands on the packet network.
Enhancing compact routing in CCN with prefix embedding and topology-aware hashing

Information-centric networks are a new paradigm for addressing and accessing content on the Internet, with Content-Centric Networking (CCN) being one of the more popular candidate solutions. CCN de-couples content from the location it is hosted and allows for mobility of the node requesting the content. However, CCN's ability to handle the mobility of the content source are limited and so far little research has focused on how both endpoints would be able to be mobile. We focus on mobility of the content source, using network embeddings as a tool. Network embeddings have already been proposed for content addressing and mobility management in prior work. In this paper, we first show that previously designed embeddings lead to a highly unbalanced storage and traffic load: More than 90% of all stored references are mapped to one node, which is involved in more than 95% of all queries. We propose a modified embedding, Prefix-S embedding, and a topology-aware key assignment, which enable a uniform distribution of the storage load. The maximum traffic per node is also considerably reduced from more than 95% to 35%.
Hepatitis C virus: genome organization, viral proteins and implications in disease pathogenesis.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Infection with HCV becomes chronic in more than 80% of cases and it accounts for 20% of all cases of acute hepatitis. The hepatitis C virus was first identified by the molecular cloning of the virus genome in 1989. It is an enveloped, positive strand RNA virus with a genome size of around 9.5 kilobases. The single-stranded RNA genome of the virus contains a large open reading frame that encodes a large polyprotein of 3,010 to 3,033 amino acids shown to be processed by a combination of host and viral proteinases to produce at least ten proteins post-translationally. The proteins that are closer to the amino terminal of the polyprotein are termed structural and the rest, closer to the carboxy terminal, are called nonstructural (NS) proteins.
Supporting Online Material Materials and Methods Figs. S1 to S9 Tables S1 and S2 References Video-rate Far-field Optical Nanoscopy Dissects Synaptic Vesicle Movement

the protein. The complex intermediates were confirmed by the observation of each specific phosphopantetheinyl ejection ion within 1.5 ppm (14). These phosphopantetheinyl ejection ions were further subjected to ion trap fragmentation to provide data corroborating their proposed structures (figs. S5 to S9). Apart from the relative populations of the fully extended polyketide intermediates, both two-part combination reactions gave remarkably similar outcomes (Fig. 4). Elaboration of only the hexanoyl-primed ACP, and not the acetyl-primed (from KS-mediated loss of CO 2 from malonyl) or malonyl-primed ACP, supports the notion that the KS domain exerts control over the selection and extension of only specific starter units tethered to the ACP domain (in this case hexanoyl-S-ACP). These data support the assertion that the PT domain maintains the correct intramolecular aldol addition intermediate and promotes its dehydration , facilitating nonenzymatic release of either the naphthopyrone 5 or the anthrone 2. Note that the ACP active-site tryptic peptide with the doubly dehydrated hexanoate + 7 acetate species (6, PT product) showed an absorbance under single-wavelength analysis (310 nm), in further support that this species is indeed the TE/CLC substrate. Combined with the drastic reduction in the flux to product(s) in the absence of the tailoring domains (Fig. 2), the mass spec-trometric data support assignment of the PT domain as an aromatase/cyclase domain. The deconstruction approach taken here has demonstrated the synthetic roles of all recognized domains in an IPKS catalytic cycle, notably the product template (PT) domain, which should prove to be general for the broad class of multidomain IPKSs. The insights afforded by the catalytic autonomy of these dissected, free-standing domains enable a rational strategy for engineering these enzymes to synthesize alternative products. We present video-rate (28 frames per second) far-field optical imaging with a focal spot size of 62 nanometers in living cells. Fluorescently labeled synaptic vesicles inside the axons of cultured neurons were recorded with stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy in a 2.5-micrometer by 1.8-micrometer field of view. By reducing the cross-sectional area of the focal spot by about a factor of 18 below the diffraction limit (260 nanometers), STED allowed us to map and describe the vesicle mobility within the highly confined space of synaptic boutons. Although restricted within boutons, the vesicle movement was substantially faster in nonbouton areas, consistent with the observation that a sizable vesicle pool continuously transits through the axons. Our study demonstrates the emerging ability of optical microscopy …
Selaginella moellendorffii telomeres: conserved and unique features in an ancient land plant lineage

Telomeres, the essential terminal regions of linear eukaryotic chromosomes, consist of G-rich DNA repeats bound by a plethora of associated proteins. While the general pathways of telomere maintenance are evolutionarily conserved, individual telomere complex components show remarkable variation between eukaryotic lineages and even within closely related species. The recent genome sequencing of the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii and the availability of an ever-increasing number of flowering plant genomes provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the molecular and functional evolution of telomere components from the early evolving non-seed plants to the more developmentally advanced angiosperms. Here we analyzed telomere sequence in S. moellendorffii and found it to consist of TTTAGGG repeats, typical of most plants. Telomere tracts in S. moellendorffii range from 1 to 5.5 kb, closely resembling Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified several S. moellendorffii genes encoding sequence homologs of proteins involved in telomere maintenance in other organisms, including CST complex components and the telomere-binding proteins, POT1 and the TRFL family. Notable sequence similarities and differences were uncovered among the telomere-related genes in some of the plant lineages. Taken together, the data indicate that comparative analysis of the telomere complex in early diverging land plants such as S. moellendorffii and green algae will yield important insights into the evolution of telomeres and their protein constituents.
TradeProd. The CEPII Trade, Production and Bilateral Protection Database: Explanatory Notes

TradeProd, the CEPII trade, production and bilateral protection database, provides an updated version of the worldwide data used in Mayer and Zignago (2005), and available on CEPII's website. The database contains three groups of information covering 28 industrial sectors in the ISIC (International Standard Industrial Classication) classication Revision 2. The first group is bilateral trade for the 1980-2004 period, based on BACI, one of the most exhaustive worldwide dataset publicly available. The second is an extension of industrial production figures from the Trade, Production and Protection database by Nicita and Olarreaga (2001). The third group is bilateral data on trade policy at the industry level (taris and NTBs) taken from TRAINS and from CEPII's MAcMap databasee, which both cover the 1989-2001 period.
Mining Web Access Logs of an On-line Newspaper

With the explosive growth of data available on the Internet, personalization of this information space become a necessity. An important component of web personalization is the automatic knowledge extraction from web log files. However, analysis of large web log files is a complex task not fully addressed by existing web access analyzers. Using commercial software, we applied well-known data mining techniques (association rules and clustering) to analyze access log records collected on a web newspaper. This paper identifies several reading patterns and discusses approaches for mining this data.
Non-binary polar codes using Reed-Solomon codes and algebraic geometry codes

Polar codes, introduced by Arıkan, achieve symmetric capacity of any discrete memoryless channels under low encoding and decoding complexity. Recently, non-binary polar codes have been investigated. In this paper, we calculate error probability of non-binary polar codes constructed on the basis of Reed-Solomon matrices by numerical simulations. It is confirmed that 4-ary polar codes have significantly better performance than binary polar codes on binary-input AWGN channel. We also discuss an interpretation of polar codes in terms of algebraic geometry codes, and further show that polar codes using Hermitian codes have asymptotically good performance.
Discrete-Event Simulation of Hybrid Petri Nets with General One-Shot Transitions

Fluid critical infrastructures such as water treatment and distribution networks are considered of increasing importance for our economy and society. Previously, M. Gribaudo and A. Remke [4] introduced a hybrid Petri net formalism specifically tailored towards these kind of infrastructures. More recently efficient analysis algorithms [2] were developed and integrated into a software solution, the Fluid Survival Tool (FST) [6], which allows for analytical evaluation of Stochastic Timed Logic (STL) [3] formulas against hybrid Petri nets with a general one-shot transition (HPNG). FST however does not allow for analysis of hybrid Petri nets with multiple stochastic variables. This paper describes an extension to FST implementing Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) allowing FST to perform transient analysis on such models.
IK1 channels do not contribute to the slow afterhyperpolarization in pyramidal neurons

In pyramidal neurons such as hippocampal area CA1 and basolateral amygdala, a slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) follows a burst of action potentials, which is a powerful regulator of neuronal excitability. The sAHP amplitude increases with aging and may underlie age related memory decline. The sAHP is due to a Ca2+-dependent, voltage-independent K+ conductance, the molecular identity of which has remained elusive until a recent report suggested the Ca2+-activated K+ channel, IK1 (KCNN4) as the sAHP channel in CA1 pyramidal neurons. The signature pharmacology of IK1, blockade by TRAM-34, was reported for the sAHP and underlying current. We have examined the sAHP and find no evidence that TRAM-34 affects either the current underling the sAHP or excitability of CA1 or basolateral amygdala pyramidal neurons. In addition, CA1 pyramidal neurons from IK1 null mice exhibit a characteristic sAHP current. Our results indicate that IK1 channels do not mediate the sAHP in pyramidal neurons. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.11206. 001
Group location tracking based on representative identity and virtual VLR for transportation systems

A location tracking scheme known as group location tracking (GLT) is proposed to reduce the location update cost for terrestrial transportation systems (TSs) in personal communication networks. When a TS moves into a new registration area, the GLT scheme, based on a representative identity of the TS and a virtual visitor location register, updates location information by a group location update request message instead of individual location update of users. Compared with the IS-41, the GLT scheme significantly reduces signaling load.
Molecular Characterization of the Porcine Group A Rotavirus NSP2 and NSP5/6 Genes from São Paulo State, Brazil, in 2011/12

Rotaviruses are responsible for the acute diarrhea in various mammalian and avian species. The nonstructural proteins NSP2 and NSP5 are involved in the rotavirus replication and the formation of viroplasm, cytoplasmic inclusion bodies within which new viral particles morphogenesis and viral RNA replication occur. There are few studies on the genetic diversity of those proteins; thus this study aims at characterizing the diversity of rotavirus based on NSP2 and NSP5 genes in rotaviruses circulating in Brazilian pig farms. For this purpose, 63 fecal samples from pig farms located in six different cities in the São Paulo State, Brazil, were screened by nested RT-PCR. Seven strains had the partial nucleotide sequencing for NSP2, whereas in six, the total sequencing for NSP5. All were characterized as genotype H1 and N1. The nucleotide identity of NSP2 genes ranged from 100% to 86.4% and the amino acid identity from 100% to 91.5%. For NSP5, the nucleotide identity was from 100% to 95.1% and the amino acid identity from 100% to 97.4%. It is concluded that the genotypes of the strains circulating in the region of study are in agreement with those reported in the literature for swine and that there is the possibility of interaction between human and animal rotaviruses.
Performance challenges in current multi-lead QRS detection systems

Modern QRS detectors in patient monitoring systems must provide accurate results even when interfering noise is present. This task is complicated by the heterogeneous and non-uniform nature of the patient population. Certain beat morphologies demand a significant increase in the complexity of beat detection algorithms. At the same time, it is important to take a system-wide approach to the beat detection problem and include artifact rejection and baseline correction challenges. Here we emphasize the importance of such an approach to be able to successfully handle non-trivial input data. We also explain how this approach can improve the QRS detection performance in commercial patient monitoring systems. The performance benchmarks are presented by being tested on proprietary and public ECG databases.
Identifying English and Hungarian Light Verb Constructions: A Contrastive Approach

Here, we introduce a machine learningbased approach that allows us to identify light verb constructions (LVCs) in Hungarian and English free texts. We also present the results of our experiments on the SzegedParalellFX English‐Hungarian parallel corpus where LVCs were manually annotated in both languages. With our approach, we were able to contrast the performance of our method and define language-specific features for these typologically different languages. Our presented method proved to be sufficiently robust as it achieved approximately the same scores on the two typologically different languages.
Optimal Experiment Design for Causal Discovery from Fixed Number of Experiments

We study the problem of causal structure learning over a set of random variables when the experimenter is allowed to perform at most $M$ experiments in a non-adaptive manner. We consider the optimal learning strategy in terms of minimizing the portions of the structure that remains unknown given the limited number of experiments in both Bayesian and minimax setting. We characterize the theoretical optimal solution and propose an algorithm, which designs the experiments efficiently in terms of time complexity. We show that for bounded degree graphs, in the minimax case and in the Bayesian case with uniform priors, our proposed algorithm is a $\rho$-approximation algorithm, where $\rho$ is independent of the order of the underlying graph. Simulations on both synthetic and real data show that the performance of our algorithm is very close to the optimal solution.
Expression of an LDL receptor allele with two different mutations (E256K and I402T)

Aims—To investigate the disease causing event in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia, carrying two mutations each, E256K in exon 6 and I402T in exon 9, of the gene encoding the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. It was not known whether the mutations were positioned in cis or trans, or if they were each pathogenic separately or only when present together. Methods—Polymerase chain reaction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing were used to characterise the LDL receptor locus of the patients and family members. The different LDL receptor mutants, constructed in vitro by oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis, were expressed in LDL receptor deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHOldlA7) cells, to determine the effects of the mutations on LDL receptor function. Results—The two mutations were located on the same allele of the LDL receptor gene. All mutant constructs resulted in the production of a detectable protein in CHO cells. The cells expressing only the I402T mutation, or the combination of I402T and E256K mutations, were seriously affected in mediating uptake and degradation of LDL. Contrary to initial predictions, the cells expressing only the E256K mutation showed essentially the same binding, uptake, and degradation of 125I labelled LDL as cells transfected with normal LDL receptor cDNA. These results suggest that the pathogenic mutation in the patients heterozygous for the E256K/I402T allele is the I402T mutation, and that E256K alone is a rare sequence variation, which does not affect LDL receptor protein function. E256K was not detected either in DNA from a healthy population or in DNA from other hypercholesterolaemic patients studied. Conclusions—Despite the information available on the structure–function relations between the LDL receptor and LDL receptor like proteins, predictions about the disease causing potential of a mutation are not reliable. These results suggest that the I402T mutation is pathogenic and that the substitution of E256K alone is a rare sequence variation, without a detectable phenotype modulating effect.
The Retinal Wholemount Technique: A Window to Understanding the Brain and Behaviour

The accessibility of the vertebrate retina has provided the opportunity to assess various parameters of the visual abilities of a range of species. This thin but complex extension of the brain achieves a large proportion of the necessary visual processing of an optical image before information is delivered to the brain as neural impulses. Studies of the retina as a wholemount or a flattened sheet of neural tissue are abundant due to the large amount of information that can be analysed, as follows: the level of summation or convergence; the coverage, stratification and potential sites of synaptic connections; the spatial resolving power; the arrangement of neuronal arrays or mosaics; electrophysiological access for the recording of responses to visual stimuli; the spatial arrangement of cell dendritic fields; location of retinal ‘blind spots’ (optic nerve, falciform process and pecten); topographic differences in retinal cell sampling; spectral filters, and reflective structures. The present study examines all aspects of the wholemount technique, including enucleation, fixation, retinal extraction, flattening, staining, visualization of labelled cells and stereological mapping of cell density. Uniquely, it highlights the crucial technical and often species-specific differences encountered when examining a range of vertebrate taxa (fishes, reptiles, birds and mammals). This broad comparative approach will enable future studies to overcome technical difficulties, thus permitting larger conceptual questions to be posed regarding the diversity of visual tasks across phylogenetic boundaries.
Freestyle-Like V-Y Flaps of the Eyebrow: A New Outlook and Indication of an Historical Technique

The eyebrow region is of utmost importance for facial movement, symmetry, and the overall cosmetic appearance of the face. Trauma or tumor resection often leave scars that may dislocate the eyebrow producing an alteration both in static symmetry of the face and in the dynamic expressivity. The authors present a technique for eyebrow's defects repair using the remaining eyebrow advancement by means of a “freestyle-like” V-Y flap. In the past two years a total of eight consecutive patients underwent excision of skin lesions in the superciliary region and immediate reconstruction with this technique. On histology, six patients were affected from basal cell carcinomas, one from squamous cell carcinoma, and one from congenital intradermal melanocytic nevus. The pedicle of the flap included perforators from the supratrochlear, supraorbital, or superficial temporalis artery. Advancement of the entire aesthetic subunit that includes the eyebrow using a V-Y perforator flap was performed successfully in all cases achieving full, tension-free closure of defects up to 3.0 cm. “Freestyle-like” V-Y flaps should be considered as a first-line choice for partial defects of the eyebrow. The greater mobility compared to random subcutaneous flaps allows to reconstruct large defects providing an excellent cosmetic result.
Mechanism of multiprotocol label switching for forwarding packets & performance in virtual private network

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is widely used and recognized as a tunneling technology that is used by many enterprises. This paper focuses on identifying the appropriate technology, which can be used by organizations as their core network technology for ensuring a consistent and protected communication across the WAN link. This technology provides a mechanism for forwarding packets for any network protocol and explores to overwhelm some of the IP based networks limitations. Because packet forwarding in MPLS is based only in label switching, it is faster than IP. In this paper we present a Multiprotocol Label Switching advantages, components, usage architecture. Further presents the Multiprotocol Label Switching services and compare MPLS with Frame relay in virtual private network through real experiment.