Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic screening by DNA technology: A systematic review of health economic evidence

Objectives: The Human Genome Project has led to a multitude of new potential screening targets on the level of human DNA. The aim of this systematic review is to critically summarize the evidence from health economic evaluations of genetic screening in the literature. Methods: Based on an extensive explorative search, an appropriate algorithm for a systematic database search was developed. Twenty-one health economic evaluations were identified and appraised using published quality criteria. Results: Genetic screening for eight conditions has been found to be investigated by health economic evaluation: hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC), retinoblastoma, familial hypercholesterolemia, hereditary hemochromatosis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and cystic fibrosis. Results range from dominated to cost-saving. Population-wide genetic screening may be considered cost-effective with limited quality of evidence only for three conditions. The methodology of the studies was of varying quality. Cost-effectiveness was primarily influenced by mutation prevalence, genetic test costs, mortality risk, effectiveness of treatment, age at screening, and discount rate. Conclusions: Health economic evidence on genetic screening is limited: Only few conditions have properly been evaluated. Based on the existing evidence, healthcare decision makers should consider the introduction of selective genetic screening for FAP and HNPCC. As genetic test costs are declining, the existing evaluations may warrant updating. Especially in the case of hereditary hemochromatosis, genetic population screening may be about to turn from a dominated to a cost-effective or even cost-saving intervention.
Biologically-supported structural model for a viral satellite RNA

Satellite RNAs (satRNAs) are a class of small parasitic RNA replicon that associate with different viruses, including plus-strand RNA viruses. Because satRNAs do not encode a polymerase or capsid subunit, they rely on a companion virus to provide these proteins for their RNA replication and packaging. SatRNAs recruit these and other required factors via their RNA sequences and structures. Here, through a combination of chemical probing analysis of RNA structure, phylogenetic structural comparisons, and viability assays of satRNA mutants in infected cells, the biological importance of a deduced higher-order structure for a 619 nt long tombusvirus satRNA was assessed. Functionally-relevant secondary and tertiary RNA structures were identified throughout the length of the satRNA. Notably, a 3′-terminal segment was found to adopt two mutually-exclusive RNA secondary structures, both of which were required for efficient satRNA accumulation. Accordingly, these alternative conformations likely function as a type of RNA switch. The RNA switch was also found to engage in a required long-range kissing-loop interaction with an upstream sequence. Collectively, these results establish a high level of conformational complexity within this small parasitic RNA and provide a valuable structural framework for detailed mechanistic studies.
Morphological integration between the cranial base and the face in children and adults

The primary aim of the present study was to assess morphological covariation between the face and the basicranium (midline and lateral), and to evaluate patterns of integration at two specific developmental stages. A group of 71 children (6–10 years) was compared with a group of 71 adults (20–35 years). Lateral cephalometric radiographs were digitized and a total of 28 landmarks were placed on three areas; the midline cranial base, the lateral cranial base and the face. Geometric morphometric methods were applied and partial least squares analysis was used to evaluate correlation between the three shape blocks. Morphological integration was tested both with and without removing the effect of allometry. In children, mainly the midline and, to a lesser extent, the lateral cranial base were moderately correlated to the face. In adults, the correlation between the face and the midline cranial base, which ceases development earlier than the lateral base, was reduced. However, the lateral cranial base retained and even strengthened its correlation to the face. This suggests that the duration of common developmental timing is an important factor that influences integration between craniofacial structures. However, despite the apparent switch of primary roles between the cranial bases during development, the patterns of integration remained stable, thereby supporting the role of genetics over function in the establishment and development of craniofacial shape.
Topic Models with Topic Ordering Regularities for Topic Segmentation

Documents from the same domain usually discuss similar topics in a similar order. In this paper we present new ordering-based topic models that use generalised Mallows models to capture this regularity to constrain topic assignments. Specifically, these new models assume that there is a canonical topic ordering shared amongst documents from the same domain, and each document-specific topic ordering is allowed to vary from the canonical topic ordering. Instead of full orderings over a set of all possible topics covered by a domain, we make use of top-t orderings via a multistage ranking process. We show how to reformulate the new models so that a point-wise sampling algorithm from the Bayesian word segmentation literature can be used for posterior inference. Experimental results on several document collections with different properties show that our model performs much better than the other topic ordering-based models, and competitively with other state-of-the-art topic segmentation models.
Investigations of Miniaturized Meander Line Tag Antenna for UHF RFID System

Nowadays, the RFID systems have been used in many applications such as logistics, supply chain, access control, product management in warehouse and many others [1]. It can use for identification with the human, animal, product and others. Moreover, it can further use with the sensor applications to detect material or other system depending on the object of applications. This paper presents the investigation of the passive tag meander-line antenna by Tmatching technique for conjugate matching with the impedance of the NXP G2XL IC chip [2] of 21.29-j191.7 Ω at the frequency of 922.5 MHz. This impedance is determined at the center frequency [3]. The size of antenna is miniaturized by using the meander line structure for the maximum power transfer from the tag antenna to the IC chip. This antenna is used at the UHF frequency corresponding to the standard of UHF RFID in Thailand along the frequency of 920-925 MHz. The tag antenna design and analysis is included. The T-matching technique is used to improve the characteristic impedance of the antenna for matching with signal source (feed point). It has been extensively used in literature [4-5].
Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: Dictyostelium discoideum

Dictyostelium discoideum belongs to a group of multicellular life forms that can also exist for long periods as single cells. This ability to shift between uni- and multicellularity makes the group ideal for studying the genetic changes that occurred at the crossroads between uni- and multicellular life. In this Primer, I discuss the mechanisms that control multicellular development in Dictyostelium discoideum and reconstruct how some of these mechanisms evolved from a stress response in the unicellular ancestor.
Automatic image orientation detection via confidence-based integration of low-level and semantic cues

Automatic image orientation detection for natural images is a useful, yet challenging research topic. Humans use scene context and semantic object recognition to identify the correct image orientation. However, it is difficult for a computer to perform the task in the same way because current object recognition algorithms are extremely limited in their scope and robustness. As a result, existing orientation detection methods were built upon low-level vision features such as spatial distributions of color and texture. Discrepant detection rates have been reported for these methods in the literature. We have developed a probabilistic approach to image orientation detection via confidence-based integration of low-level and semantic cues within a Bayesian framework. Our current accuracy is 90 percent for unconstrained consumer photos, impressive given the findings of a psychophysical study conducted recently. The proposed framework is an attempt to bridge the gap between computer and human vision systems and is applicable to other problems involving semantic scene content understanding.
Downregulation of A disintegrin and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin motif type 1 by DNA hypermethylation in human gastric cancer

A disintegrin and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin motif type 1 (ADAMTS1) is a metalloproteinase with antiangiogenic activity. It was previously observed that the mRNA and protein levels of ADAMTS1 are downregulated in primary gastric tumors. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the reduction in the expression of ADAMTS1 is due to aberrant methylation of the gene in primary gastric tumor tissues and gastric cancer cell lines. In addition, the association between ADAMTS1 methylation and clinicopathological features in were investigated in patients with primary gastric cancer. The results revealed that the frequency of ADAMTS1 methylation in primary gastric tumor tissues was significantly higher, compared with the corresponding normal gastric tissues. The relative mRNA expression levels of ADAMTS1 were significantly lower in the methylated primary gastric tumor tissues, compared with the unmethylated primary gastric tumor tissuess. A significant association was observed between the ADAMTS1 methylation status and the depth of tumor invasion and tumor, node, metastasis stage in primary gastric cancer. The mRNA expression of ADAMTS1 was significantly lower in 60% (3 of 5) of the gastric cancer cell lines. The relative mRNA expression levels of ADAMTS1 were significantly lower in the methylated gastric cancer cell lines, compared with the unmethylated gastric cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the expression of ADAMTS1 was significantly restored following treatment with the 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine demethylating agent in the MGC-803, HGC-27 and AGS gastric cancer cell lines, and the demethylation of the MGC-803 cell line inhibited cell invasion. Together, these results suggested for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, ADAMTS1 as a novel antitumor protease, and this function was lost following epigenetic silencing in the gastric cancer cells and gastric tumor tissues. Therefore, the aberrant methylation of ADAMTS1 may be involved in the development and progression of gastric cancer.
Hybrid Genetic and Dempster Shafer Theory based Classifiers for Multi-Class Classification Tasks

Classification is a data exploration and learning mechanism, which has been widely studied and a wide range of applications subject. Supervised Classification is based on association rules and if we increase number of association rule degree of accuracy of classification is also being increase but larger number of rule take longer time to classify. Recently researcher is focus to develop an model that increase the accuracy in minimum time. In this paper Genetic based multi class classification model is proposed. Proposed model also use Dumpster shafer theorem for confining resultant rule set generated by GA algorithm. This paper used wine data set available at UCI machine learning website for classification and applies 3 cross fold mechanism for cross validation.
Lost in a Book: The Psychology of Reading for Pleasure

Bringle, R. G. , & Buunk, B. (1985). Jealousy and social behavior: A review of person, relationship, and situational determinants. In P. Shaver (Ed.), Self, situations, and social behavior: Review of personality and social psychology (Vol. 6, pp. 241-264). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Hupka, R. B. (1989, May). Components of the typical response to romantic jealousy situations. In G. L. White (Chair), Themesfor progress in jealousy research. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the Second Iowa Conference on Personal Relationships, Iowa City.
USING ADJUSTED CROSSTABULATIONS TO INTERPRET LOG-LINEAR RELATIONSHIPS*

Log-linear analysis was developed as a more powerful technique for the analysis of multivariate tables of categorical variables. It was specifically designed to deal with some of the problems that plagued users of crosstabulations. of the major drawbacks to the traditional crosstabulation approach is the difficulty of controlling for the effects of more than a single other variable. This is often due to small sample sizes within cells of a crosstabulation entailing further control variables. In addition, since there is no direct test of the significance of the effect of a single independent variable, it is difficult to interpret the import of a series of crosstabulations of two variables within the categories of other control variables. Instead, there are as many test statistics as there are combined categories of the control variables. Thus, it is often unclear whether an effect is produced by an independent variable or through its interaction with control variables. Goodman (1970, 1972a, b) presented the first comprehensive treatment of log-linear analysis as a response to the problems of crosstabular analysis. About the same time, logistic analysis was developed as an alternative to crosstabular analysis for the case where the dependent variable is categorical and the independent variables are interval (Bishop et al., 1975; Fienberg, 1980; Nerlove and Press, 1973). 1 Log-linear analysis, developed for the situation where all of the variables are categorical, overcame most of the problems of crosstabular analysis. Log-linear analysis provides better and more appropriate statistical tests. It provides a global test for each independent variable rather than a series of tests as was the case for crosstabular analysis. In addition, the results allow for a test of main effects separate from interaction effects. Moreover, log-linear surpasses crosstabulation by simultaneously estimating the effects of multiple variables, much in the same way that multiple regression is an advance over bivariate correlation. But in the process of moving from the simplicity of a crosstabular analysis to the sophistication of a log-linear analysis something was given up. In contrast to crosstabulation, log-linear analysis suffers from a lack of intuitive interpretability of the results. By an appropriate percentaging of the table by rows or columns, crosstabulations provided a straightforward estimate of how the distribution of the dependent variable changed across levels of the independent variables. On the other hand, researchers often find it difficult to interpret log-linear parameters and to communicate this interpretation intelligibly to readers who are
Testing Accommodations for Examinees With Disabilities: A Review of Psychometric, Legal, and Social Policy Issues

The provision of testing accommodations for examinees with disabling conditions has become an important topic in recent years. This review presents a summary of the relevant issues. The first section traces the history of legislation related to the testing of individuals with disabilities and presents a brief summary of guidelines issued by relevant testing organizations. The second section provides a description of disabilities typically accommodated in large-scale examinations and highlights the ever-increasing role of learning disabilities in testing practice. Summaries of legal cases concerning testing accommodations are then presented. Next, psychometric issues are described, and results and ideas for future research are presented. The review also examines the emerging role of learning disabilities in the area of testing accommodations and addresses the intensely debated social policy questions related to equity and fairness in educational assessment.
Visualizing Information Evolution

In this paper, we propose a novel graph representation, Railway Visualization, to reveal the information evolution with temporal relationship over time. Through Railway Visualization, it cannot only reveal the changes of an entity’s intra-state over time, but also can effectively disclose the intrinsic characteristics of the complicated relationship evolution, such as branching, crossing, splitting, converging and parallelism. Using the railway route map in people’s daily life as the metaphor to visualize the information evolution can leverage people’s existing knowledge and mental models to quickly interpret the graph and gain the insight. We then conclude the drawing aesthetic rules by observing the railway route maps and formulate them as the energy terms. By solving them through a two-steps optimization method, the railway-route-map-style layout can be rendered automatically. Furthermore, an interactive level-of-detail mechanism is also provided. Finally, several types of data, including movies, photo albums, news, and co-author network are visualized to prove the virtues of the Railway Visualization.
Area, Class and Health: Should we be Focusing on Places or People?

Abstract In Britain there has been a long tradition of research into associations between area of residence and health. Rarely has this involved investigating socio-economic or cultural features of areas that might influence health; usually studies use area level data, for example about specific pathogens or about levels of deprivation, as surrogates for individual level data, rather than being interested in the areas themselves. This paper reviews the literature on the relationship between area and health. It advocates directly studying features of the local social and physical environment which might promote or inhibit health, illustrating this approach with some findings from a study in the West of Scotland, and suggests that improvements in public health might be achieved by focusing on places as well as on people.
A Nonparametric Approach to Bottom-Up Visual Saliency

This paper addresses the bottom-up influence of local image information on human eye movements. Most existing computational models use a set of biologically plausible linear filters, e.g., Gabor or Difference-of-Gaussians filters as a front-end, the outputs of which are nonlinearly combined into a real number that indicates visual saliency. Unfortunately, this requires many design parameters such as the number, type, and size of the front-end filters, as well as the choice of nonlinearities, weighting and normalization schemes etc., for which biological plausibility cannot always be justified. As a result, these parameters have to be chosen in a more or less ad hoc way. Here, we propose to learn a visual saliency model directly from human eye movement data. The model is rather simplistic and essentially parameter-free, and therefore contrasts recent developments in the field that usually aim at higher prediction rates at the cost of additional parameters and increasing model complexity. Experimental results show that—despite the lack of any biological prior knowledge—our model performs comparably to existing approaches, and in fact learns image features that resemble findings from several previous studies. In particular, its maximally excitatory stimuli have center-surround structure, similar to receptive fields in the early human visual system.
Optimal portfolio selection and compression in an incomplete market

We investigate an optimal investment problem with a general performance criterion which, in particular, includes discontinuous functions. Prices are modelled as diffusions and the market is incomplete. We find an explicit solution for the case of limited diversification of the portfolio, i.e. for the portfolio compression problem. By this we mean that any admissible strategy may include no more than m different stocks concurrently, where m may be less than the total number n of available stocks.
Substitution at rt269 in Hepatitis B Virus Polymerase Is a Compensatory Mutation Associated with Multi-Drug Resistance

The emergence of compensatory mutations in the polymerase gene of drug resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with treatment failure. We previously identified a multi-drug resistant HBV mutant, which displayed resistance towards lamivudine (LMV), clevudine (CLV), and entecavir (ETV), along with a strong replication capacity. The aim of this study was to identify the previously unknown compensatory mutations, and to determine the clinical relevance of this mutation during antiviral therapy. In vitro mutagenesis, drug susceptibility assay, and molecular modeling studies were performed. The rtL269I substitution conferred 2- to 7-fold higher replication capacity in the wild-type (WT) or YMDD mutation backbone, regardless of drug treatment. The rtL269I substitution alone did not confer resistance to LMV, ETV, adefovir (ADV), or tenofovir (TDF). However, upon combination with YMDD mutation, the replication capacity under LMV or ETV treatment was enhanced by several folds. Molecular modeling studies suggested that the rtL269I substitution affects template binding, which may eventually lead to the enhanced activity of rtI269-HBV polymerase in both WT virus and YMDD mutant. The clinical relevance of the rtL269I substitution was validated by its emergence in association with YMDD mutation in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with sub-optimal response or treatment failure to LMV or CLV. Our study suggests that substitution at rt269 in HBV polymerase is associated with multi-drug resistance, which may serve as a novel compensatory mutation for replication-defective multi-drug resistant HBV.
To prosper, organizational psychology should… bridge application and scholarship

Academics and practitioners differ on so many dimensions that researchers have described them as living in different “thought worlds. ” That gap persists, and there are important explanations for it, but a confluence of economic and organizational forces is driving academics and practitioners toward each other. To date, much of the effort by academics to reach out to practitioners has focused on the diffusion of scientific knowledge, not its creation. This paper explores several promising strategies for improving both the bidirectional diffusion of knowledge as well as its creation. It argues that for genuine change to occur, it is necessary to modify academic reward systems and to promote much closer collaboration between academics and practitioners. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pool Allocations as an Information Source in Windows Memory Forensics

The Microsoft Windows kernel provides a heap-like memory management, called "pools". Whenever some kernel-mode code requires an amount of memory, it is allocated from a pool. Ignoring the documented interface and searching the whole dump of physical memory for signatures of pool allocations allows the forensic examiner to gain information not only from currently active but also from freed and not yet overwritten allocations. Understanding the inner mechanics of memory pools enables an examiner to connect certain finds in memory to the originating piece of code. As an example this articles describes the steps necessary to detect traces of network activity in a memory dump.