Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward augmenting the human intellect and boosting our collective IQ

t is a pleasure to play opposite Ted Nelson; much different from waving to each other across the wide, very sparsely populated frontier spaces of old. How did I wander into that frontier? I became motivated (committed) in 1951 to improving mankind's capability for dealing with its pressing problems, especially those over-taxing our collective capability to cope with complexity and urgency. I visualized people collaborating interactively on visual displays connected to a computer complex. I'm not " numerically oriented; " my vision has always facilitated discursive thinking and collaboration. By 1962, after a Ph. D. in Electrical Engineering/Computers at Berkeley and in my fifth year at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI), I developed a " Conceptual Framework for Augmenting Human Intellect. " Its fundamental concepts still guide my pursuit. The hypermedia design principles I concentrate on here are but secondary derivatives of that larger-goal conceptual framework. In fact, all our computer developments into the 1970s (synchronous distributed shared-screen conferencing, windowing systems, outlining tools, the mouse, among others) and since are secondary derivatives of this conceptual framework; I view the computer merely as a supportive tool. Other major framework elements include a " bootstrapping " strategy fostering networks of organizations collaborating on capability infrastructures, explicit co-evolution of tool-systems and human-systems (skills, knowledge, procedures), and the key integrative paradigm: Concurrent Development, Integration and Application of Knowledge (CoDIAK). My goal for this short piece is to encourage the further development of the framework's technological cornerstone—an open hyperdocument system (OHS), an integrated, seamless multi-vendor architecture in which knowledge workers share hyperdocuments on shared screens. Hyperdocuments are multimedia files supporting linking and multiple object types. The hyperdocument system should enable flexible, on-line collaborative development, integration, application, study and reuse of CoDIAK knowledge. My hypermedia design notions evolved from the OHS concept, and were further shaped by years of development and real user application experience since the early '60s: the oN-Line System (NLS) developed at SRI over a 13-year span and AUGMENT, its subsequent 12-year commercial form. Peak usage saw more than 20 mainframe servers networked across the country, supporting significant pilot implementations in many organizations that truly transformed how people performed knowledge work. And, now that WorldWide Web (WWW) has opened people's eyes to (a small portion of) hyperme-dia's potential, we should expect active penetration into the hypermedia frontier—towards widely used OHS. In the limited space here, I'll express some design thoughts (actually selected AUGMENT …
Paraphrasing invariance coefficient: measuring para-query invariance of search engines

Paraphrasing is the restatement (or reuse) of text which preserves its meaning in another form. A para-query is a para-phrase of a search query. Humans easily recognize para-queries, but search engines are still far away from it. We claim that in order for a search engine to be called semantic it is necessary that it recognizes para-queries by returning the same search results for all para-queries of a given query. Recognizing para-queries is an important and desired ability of a search engine. It can relieve users of the burden of rephrasing queries in order to improve the relevance of results. In this paper, we cover two main threads: monolingual para-query generation (PG) and para-query recognition measurement (PRM). Para-query generation aims to automatically generate as many English para-queries as possible for a given query. We propose a novel game "Rephraser" to tackle this problem. Hundreds of para-query templates are extracted from the game's output and used to compose tens of thousands of para-queries. The goal of para-query recognition measurement is to examine to what level search engines recognize para-queries. We propose the concept of paraphrasing invariance coefficient (PIC) which is defined as the probability that search results are the same for a pair of para-queries. By using para-queries generated from the game, we design experiments to measure search engines' PIC. Results show that today's leading search engines are still inferior to human ability in recognizing para-queries. It is a long way ahead for search to be truly semantic.
Assessing the San José State University Simultaneous Polydrug Use Questionnaire -- Online (SJSU SPUQ -- Online) A Pilot Study

ASSESSING THE SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY SIMULTANEOUS POLYDRUG USE QUESTIONNAIRE – ONLINE (SJSU SPUQ – ONLINE): A PILOT STUDY by Joseph P. Hennessee Alcohol use is one of the most prevalent forms of drug use among college students. Because of the near ubiquity of college drinking, additional research is needed to determine whether such alcohol use is related to any cognitive impairment. Furthermore, many of those who use alcohol consume one or more additional drugs simultaneously, and little research has assessed whether such simultaneous polydrug use (SPU) has a further effect on cognitive functioning. This study was developed to bridge these two gaps in the literature and aid in the development of the SJSU SPUQ – Online. Through the use of computerized tasks assessing working memory and executive functioning, the cognitive impact of recent alcohol use and frequent SPU were assessed in a sample of college students. Additionally, recent datasets utilizing the original paper version of the SJSU SPUQ and the current SJSU SPUQ – Online were compared. Results indicated that those who used alcohol within the last week spent less time planning the executive functioning task than those who did not. Data from both versions suggest that SPU is very frequent on this college campus and typically involves combinations of the drugs participants use individually. Additionally, the results of this study indicated some ways that the SJSU SPUQ – Online could be further developed and improved, such as expanding the item selection.
Is there any role of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the pathogenesis of contrast nephropathy?

Abstract Aim: Contrast medium-induced nephropathy is one of the major complications of intravenous contrast medium use. But its pathogenesis is unclear. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is defined as the transformation of the primer epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells. EMT in tubular cells might cause tubulointerstitial damage. In this study, we investigated whether or not EMT has a role in radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. Radiocontrast medium might be triggering reversible EMT via serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK 1). We investigated the effect of different concentrations of the contrast agent iopromide on human proximal tubule cell (HK-2) culture by measuring the level of SGK1, snail family zinc finger 1 (SNAIL1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1). Methods: We conducted a scratch assay and qPCR. HK-2 cells were cultured in the petri dishes/flasks and starved with serum-free medium. The 40, 20, and 10 mg/mL doses of iopromide were administrated to cells. The scratches were photographed immediately and again at the 20th hour. The levels of gene expression of SGK1, SNAIL1, CTGF, and COL1A1 were measured using the real-time qPCR system at the end of the 24th hour. Results: Iopromide caused the breaking of intercellular connections, the disappearance of the cobblestone appearance of cells, and the migration of cells at the 20th hour in the scratch assay. It also increased the expression of SGK1, SNAIL1, CTGF, and COL1A1 genes. Conclusion: Our study concluded that certain important markers of EMT increase in different concentrations of the contrast agent. High osmolality might trigger EMT. The relationship between contrast agent and EMT has not been defined before. Further in vivo and in vitro studies are required.
A 10-bit 320-MS/s low-cost SAR ADC for IEEE 802.11ac applications in 20-nm CMOS

This paper presents a low-cost SAR ADC design for IEEE 802.11ac applications. A binary-scaled recombination weighting method for SAR ADC is disclosed in this work. The proposed SAR ADC achieved 9.29 ENOB with an FOM of 6.8 fJ/conversion-step at 0.9 V and 160 MS/s, and achieved 9.20 ENOB with an FOM of 8.1 fJ/conversion-step at 1.0 V and 320 MS/s. The ADC core only occupies an area of 33 μm × 35 μm in 20-nm CMOS process.
Microstrip antenna with corrugated ground plane surface as a sensor for landmines detection

A proposed sensor for landmines detection consists of two parallel microstrip antennas placed on the same ground plane and with corrugated ground surface between the arrays has been investigated. The microstrip patch array with corrugated ground surface has the advantage of a low mutual coupling compared with the classic arrays. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) is used to simulate the sensor for landmines detection.
Scan detection under sampling: a new perspective

In tests using the same fraction of packets for comparison, packet sampling outperformed flow sampling for scan detection, while both selective sampling and a proposed extension that uses significantly less resources were superior to either of these techniques. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/Mgf8_a0fRs0 is a slide show that considers how in tests using the same fraction of packets for comparison, packet sampling outperformed flow sampling for scan detection, while both selective sampling and a proposed extension that uses significantly less resources were superior to either technique.
Shedding light on distributed system executions

In a distributed system, the hosts execute concurrently, generating asynchronous logs that are challenging to comprehend. We present two tools: ShiVector to transparently add vector timestamps to distributed system logs, and ShiViz to help developers understand distributed system logs by visualizing them as space-time diagrams. ShiVector is the first tool to offer automated vector timestamp instrumentation without modifying source code. The vector-timestamped logs capture partial ordering information, useful for analysis and comprehension. ShiViz space-time diagrams are simple to understand and interactive — the user can explore the log through the visualization to understand complex system behavior. We applied ShiVector and ShiViz to two systems and found that they aid developers in understanding and debugging.
Thrust control of electric marine thrusters

This paper deals with the problem of the control of thrust generated by conventional bladed propeller of marine thrusters and moved by an electric motor. This paper described a control law based on the estimation of the thrust using two features: an extended Kalman filter to observe the torque and an reversed hydrodynamic model of the propeller to control the thrust by a proportional-integral controller. The performances and robustness of this control law is compared to a PI controller without estimator and to the model-based-velocity control.
Histogram-Based Discrimination of Intravenous Contrast in Abdominopelvic Computed Tomography

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of fully automated machine learning methods for detecting intravenous contrast in computed tomography (CT) studies of the abdomen and pelvis. Methods A set of 591 labeled CT image volumes of the abdomen and pelvis was obtained from 5 different CT scanners, of which 434 (73%) were performed with intravenous contrast. A stratified split of this set was performed into training and test sets of 443 and 148 studies, respectively. Subsequently, support vector machine and logistic regression classifiers were trained using 5-fold cross-validation for parameter optimization. Results The best in-sample performance was seen with a support vector machine classifier with a &khgr;2 kernel (98.9% accuracy); however, test set performance was similar across the trained classifiers, with 95% to 97% accuracy. Conclusions Histogram-based automated classifiers for the presence of intravenous contrast are accurate and may be useful for verifying the accurate labeling of the presence of intravenous contrast in CT body studies.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE DOSIMETRIC FEATURES OF &agr;-Al2O3: C,Mg AND &agr;-Al2O3:C

A comparative study of the dosimetric features of α-Al2O3:C,Mg and α-Al2O3:C relevant to thermoluminescence dosimetry is reported. A glow curve of α-Al2O3:C,Mg measured at 1°C/s after beta irradiation to 1 Gy shows two subsidiary peaks at 42°C (labelled as I) and 72°C (II) and the main peak at 161°C (III) whereas a glow curve of α-Al2O3:C measured under the same conditions shows the main peak at 178°C (II') and a lower intensity peak at 48°C (I'). Apart from these ones, there are several other peaks at temperatures beyond that of the main peak in both α-Al2O3:C,Mg and α-Al2O3:C. However, the latter are not included in this study. We report a comparative quantitative analysis of dose response and fading of peaks I, II and III of α-Al2O3:C,Mg and peaks I' and II' of α-Al2O3:C. Analysis shows that the dose response of peaks I and III is sublinear within 1-10 Gy whereas that of peak II is superlinear within 1-4 Gy followed by a sublinear region within 4-10 Gy. In comparison, the dose response of peak I' is superlinear within 1-4 Gy followed by a sublinear region within 4-10 Gy whereas that of peak II' is sublinear within 1-4 Gy followed by a superlinear region within 4-10 Gy. As regards to fading corresponding to 1 Gy, peak I is very unstable and fades within 300 s, peak II is more stable and takes up to 43200 s to fade. In comparison, peak III fades down to 30% of its initial intensity within 2400 s. Interestingly, between 2400 and 800 s, the intensity fades by 17% only. Regarding fading in α-Al2O3:C, peak I' fades within 600 s whereas peak II' shows an inverse fading behaviour up to 64800 s. The rate of fading for peaks I, II and III in α-Al2O3:C,Mg was found to decrease with increase in dose. However, no such behaviour was observed in α-Al2O3:C. The fading in both samples is discussed on the basis of a charge hopping mechanism.
Bimanual handheld mixed reality interfaces for urban planning

Tabletop models are common in architectural and urban planning tasks. We report here on an investigation for view navigation in and manipulation of tracked tabletop models using a handheld Mixed Reality interface targeted at a user group with varying professional background and skill level. Users were asked to complete three basic task types: searching, inserting and creating content in a mixed reality scene, each requiring the user to navigate in the scene while interacting. This study was designed to naturally progress on classic problems like travel, selection and manipulation in an applied scenario concerned with urban planning. The novel bimanual interface configurations utilize a handheld touch screen display for Mixed Reality, with the camera/viewpoint attached or handheld separately. Usability aspects and user satisfaction are scrutinized by a user study, aimed at optimizing usability and supporting the user's intentions in a natural way. We present the results from the user study showing significant differences in task completion times as well as user preferences and practical issues concerning both interface and view navigation design.
A segmentation-free approach for printed Devanagari script recognition

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks are a suitable candidate for segmentation-free Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tasks due to their good context-aware processing. In this paper, we report the results of applying LSTM networks to Devanagari script, where each consonant-consonant conjuncts and consonant-vowel combinations take different forms based on their position in the word. We also introduce a new database, Deva-DB, of Devanagari script (free of cost) to aid the research towards a robust Devanagari OCR system. On this database, LSTM-based OCRopus system yields error rates ranging from 1.2% to 9.0% depending upon the complexity of the training and test data. Comparison with open-source Tesseract system is also presented for the same database.
How to study learning processes? reflection on methods for fine-grain data analysis

This symposium addresses methodological issues in studying children's knowledge and learning processes. The class of methods discussed here looks at processes of learning in fine-grained detail, through which a theoretical framework evolves rather than is merely applied. This class of methodological orientations to studying learning processes diverges from more common ones in several important ways: 1) Attention to diverse features of the learning interaction; 2) conducting a moment-by-moment analysis, zooming in on the fine details of the studied processes; 3) rather than proving or applying a theory, the objective is to make theoretical innovations, or to develop a "humble theory. " The challenge of using such techniques is that, by their nature, they do not follow a strongly delineated procedure, especially not the usual sort of coding. This symposium attempts to begin addressing the methodological issues by reflecting on several cases of data analysis.
Triggering Relationships that Contextualize the Pathway for Student Success

Triggering Relationships That Contextualize the Pathway for Success Among At-Risk Hispanic Students Darin R. Eckton Department of Educational Leadership and Foundations, BYU Doctor of Education America invests large amounts of money in K-12 education to develop its human capital. As such, K-12 student success is vital to the human capital development and future of America’s children and adolescents. There is significant concern for the K-12 students who are predictably at risk of not graduating from high school (e.g., low-income, ethnic minority, and first generation college students) let alone qualifying for and enrolling in postsecondary education. Over the past four decades student success has primarily been explained by sociological research on status attainment as well as social capital and cultural capital. However, very little research addresses the relationship between this sociological research and motivation theory from the field of psychology. Specifically, student success research generally neglects describing how social capital and cultural capital become contextually and motivationally relevant for K-12 students. This study explored the pathway of success for students from the following backgrounds: lowincome, first generation in college, active members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS), Hispanic, graduated from a Utah high school in 2009 and who were admitted to Brigham Young University the same year as new freshmen. Case study methods were employed initially in phase one of the analysis using a grounded theory or emic paradigm, allowing data and patterns to emerge. In phase two of the analysis, using a post-positivist or etic paradigm data were contrasted with existing research. The findings revealed a new model that explains the conditions of student motivation. While the findings support existing research on the influences of social capital and cultural capital on student success, all students in this study experienced a triggering relationship that caused them to contextualize and assign value to various forms of capital in the past and present and leveraged them towards student success. This contextualization also served as a motivation for students to be successful and to pursue additional forms of capital to assist them on their pathway to success. The implications of this triggering relationship theory can assist parents, educators, and many others who facilitate the human capital development of children and adolescents.
A Test Integration Methodology for 3D Integrated Circuits

The three-dimensional (3D) integration technology using through silicon via (TSV) provides many benefits over the 2D integration technology. Although many different manufacturing technologies for 3D integrated circuits (ICs) have been presented, some challenges should be overcome before the volume production of 3D ICs. One of the challenges is the testing of 3D ICs. This paper proposes test integration interfaces for controlling the design-for-test circuits in the dies of a 3D IC. The test integration interfaces can support the pre-bond, known-good stack, and post-bond tests. The minimum number of required test pads of the proposed test interface for pre-bond test using is only four. Furthermore, the test interface is compatible with the IEEE 1149.1 standard for the board-level testing. Simulation results show that the area overhead of the proposed test interfaces for a 3D IC with two dies in which each die implements the function of ITC’99 b19 benchmark is only about 0.15%.
Interpretive Ethnography: Ethnographic Practices for the 21st Century

PART ONE: READING THE CRISIS Lessons James Joyce Teaches Us Visual Truth and the Ethnographic Project PART TWO: EXPERIENTIAL TEXTS The Standpoint Epistemologies Performance Texts The New Journalism The Private Eye Ethnographic Poetics and Narratives of the Self PART THREE: WHOSE TRUTH? Reading Narrative The Sixth Moment
Out-of-core GPU memory management for MapReduce-based large-scale graph processing

GPUs can accelerate edge scan performance of graph processing applications; however, the capacity of device memory on GPUs limits the size of graph to process, whereas efficient techniques to handle GPU memory overflows, including overflow detection and performance analysis in large-scale systems, are not well investigated. To address the problem, we propose a MapReduce-based out-of-core GPU memory management technique for processing large-scale graph applications on heterogeneous GPU-based supercomputers. Our proposed technique automatically handles memory overflows from GPUs by dynamically dividing graph data into multiple chunks and overlaps CPU-GPU data transfer and computation on GPUs as much as possible. Our experimental results on TSUBAME2.5 using 1024 nodes (12288 CPU cores, 3072 GPUs) exhibit that our GPU-based implementation performs 2.10x faster than running on CPU when graph data size does not fit on GPUs. We also study the performance characteristics of our proposed out-of-core GPU memory management technique, including application's performance and power efficiency of scale-up and scale-out approaches.
What have fruits to do with technology?: the case of Orange, Blackberry and Apple

Twitter is a micro-blogging service on the Web, where people can enter short messages, which then become visible to other users of the service. While the topics of these messages varies, there are a lot of messages where the users express their opinions about companies or products. Since the twitter service is very popular, the messages form a rich source of information for companies. They can learn with the help of data mining and sentiment analysis techniques, how their customers like their products or what is the general perception of the company. There is however a great obstacle for analyzing the data directly: as the company names are often ambiguous, one needs first to identify, which messages are related to the company. In this paper we address this question. We present various techniques to classify tweet messages, whether they are related to a given company or not, for example, whether a message containing the keyword "apple" is about the company Apple Inc. We present simple techniques, which make use of company profiles, which we created semi-automatically from external Web sources. Our advanced techniques take ambiguity estimations into account and also automatically extend the company profiles from the twitter stream itself. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods through an extensive set of experiments.