Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
N400 and automatic semantic processing abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND One factor hypothesized to underlie thinking disturbance in patients with schizophrenia is abnormal or disinhibited automatic spreading activation of semantic networks, which can be assessed using the N400 event-related potential. N400 is a negative-going component elicited at about 400 milliseconds following semantic stimuli that are not primed by the preceding context. Semantic priming refers to facilitated semantic processing gained through preexposure to semantic context, which can happen automatically or strategically. Using N400, inferences can be drawn regarding the extent to which a given context primes a word. METHODS During a picture-word matching task, N400s to primed (exact match) and unprimed (remotely related) words were recorded from 18 healthy control subjects and 18 patients with schizophrenia performing a picture-word matching task. A short interval (325 milliseconds) between picture and word onset (stimulus-onset asynchrony) was used to optimize the role of automatic spreading semantic activation and to minimize the role of attention, expectancy, preparation, and working memory. RESULTS Despite behavioral evidence of normal semantic priming, patients generated an abnormally small N400 (ie, less negative) to unprimed words. The N400 to primed words was neither larger nor smaller in patients than in controls, suggesting normal use of context. CONCLUSIONS A reduced N400 to unprimed words in patients with schizophrenia suggests that there was inappropriate priming of words by remotely related semantic contexts. This is consistent with an overly broad automatic spread of activation through semantic networks in patients with schizophrenia.
Lesch Alcoholism Typology Medical Treatment and Research

Summary Aim. Alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence produce very high health costs. Nowadays, early detection and intervention are very well accepted. Due to the well proven theory regarding the heterogeneity of alcohol dependence and for the purpose of research and therapy, four subgroups of alcohol dependence have been established. Methods. The Lesch Typology was developed as a result of a prospective long - term study and led to a decision tree identifying alcohol dependent patients’ subgroups. The results show that each subgroup requires different and specific treatments. Within the framework of a computer programme (www.LAT-online.at) the decision tree can be used very easily. Meanwhile, this method has been field – tested in numerous basic and clinical trials. After the diagnostic procedure, a protocol of the questionnair e displays reachable and realistic treatment goals. Furthermore, it provides information about the guidance and treatment of each patient subgroup. Conclusion. Nowadays, the heterogeneity of the disease alcohol dependence is without any doubt an accepted certainty. By utilizing the Lesch Typology, specific treatment approaches of the diverse subgroups may be applied accordingly. discussion. Using the subgroups defined in the Lesch Typology for basic and clinical research subgroup customized treatments can be prescribed, and consequently even better treatment outcomes in alcohol dependent patients can be awaited. alcohol dependence/ Lesch typology/ subtypes/ withdrawal and relapse prevention treatment
The Achievement Syndrome: A Psychocultural Dimension of Social Stratification

and physical aging processes can be analytically distinguished. Age identification rather than actual age constrains older people to recognize changes in themselves and to perceive that the attitudes of others toward them have changed. Analysis revealed that of the two major changes in social status that commonly occur in old age-retirement and widowhood-only retirement appears to hasten the onset of old age. Two hypotheses were advanced to explain this difference: one, retirement implies a social judgment that the person has become old, whereas widowhood, because it comes about through a natural event, does not have this implication for the older person; two, retirement has more serious consequences for age identification because it removes the individual from a significant peer group, whereas death of the spouse directly disrupts only a single, albeit a highly significant, relationship. The finding that participation in a friendship group serves to forestall a shift in age identification, but that the number of close friends and the frequency of contact with one's closest friend do not, provides support for the second hypothesis. However, the fact that participation in a friendship group appears to be less effective in retarding shifts in age identification among the retired than among the widowed indicates that the loss of the work group only partially explains the greater influence that retirement exerts an age identification. It, therefore, furnishes inferential evidence for the first hypothesis that the cultural evaluation implied by retirement, but not by widowhood, tends to force the person to recognize that he is socially defined as old.
Is Romantic Love a Linking Emotion?

This article aims to provide a contribution to the debate about concepts that describe the empirically rich phenomenon ‘romantic love’. The great variety of different facets of romantic love that exist and that we encountered in over 100 qualitative interviews and 4 focus group discussions carried out in Spain (Barcelona) and Germany (Leipzig) have inspired us to rethink existing definitions of romantic love. Rather than emotion or bond, the concept ‘linking emotion’ might help to capture usually rather unconsidered dimensions of romantic love. In order to discuss the value of defining love as linking emotion, this article will point at the 4 most important dimensions of love that we encountered in the analysis of our interviews. Results of our analysis will be compared with existing definitions of love, the usefulness of different concepts in order to define love will be questioned. Our empirically driven bottom-up approach will allow to discuss the usefulness of defining love as linking emotion.
Radiometric self calibration

A simple algorithm is described that computes the radiometric response function of an imaging system, from images of an arbitrary scene taken using different exposures. The exposure is varied by changing either the aperture setting or the shutter speed. The algorithm does not require precise estimates of the exposures used. Rough estimates of the ratios of the exposures (e.g. F-number settings on an inexpensive lens) are sufficient for accurate recovery of the response function as well as the actual exposure ratios. The computed response function is used to fuse the multiple images into a single high dynamic range radiance image. Robustness is tested using a variety of scenes and cameras as well as noisy synthetic images generated using 100 randomly selected response curves. Automatic rejection of image areas that have large vignetting effects or temporal scene variations make the algorithm applicable to not just photographic but also video cameras.
SIGNAL INTERCEPTION WITH MULTIPLE ANTENNAS FOR COGNITIVE RADIO

In the present contribution the problem of signal interception in a virtual MIMO scenario is considered. A possible distributed signal interception algorithm which is able to detect and discriminate between two similar OFDM signals is analyzed. Distributed and stand-alone algorithms are compared through simulations in a multipath environment and the different levels of cooperation required among the terminals are discussed.
A comparative treatment study of experiential and behavioral approaches to marital therapy

The present study compared the relative effectiveness of two interventions in the treatment of marital discord, a cognitive behavioral intervention, teaching problem solving s k i l l s , and an experiential intervention, focussing on emotional experiences underlying interaction patterns. Forty-five couples seeking therapy were randomly assigned to one of these two treatments or a wait l i s t control group. Each treatment was administered in eight sessions by six experienced therapists whose interventions were monitored and rated to ensure treatment f i d e l i t y . Results indicated that the perceived strength of the working alliance between couples and therapist and general therapist effectiveness were equivalent across treatment groups, and that both treatment groups made significant gains over untreated controls on measures of goal attainment, marital adjustment, intimacy levels and target complaint reduction. Further, the effects of the experiential treatment were superior to those of the cognitive behavioral treatment on marital adjustment, intimacy, and target complaint level. At follow-up, marital adjustment scores in the experiential group were s t i l l significantly higher than in the cognitive behavioral group.
Multisensory Approach to Reading Skills of Dyslexic Students

A single teaching strategy may not suitable for all students and the special needs students require differentiated teaching strategy. Learning through the senses is the best way of learning anything. Teaching of reading in English is a complex phenomenon for the teachers who are teaching the normal students. Furthermost, teaching the skill of reading to the reading disabled students is much more complicated task for the English teachers. But this reading disabled student can also be taught to read in English effectively by adopting the multisensory approach. Henceforth, the article focuses on the teaching of reading to the dyslexics through multisensory approach.
Late superhumps and the stream—disc impact in IY UMa

We use the hotspot eclipse times of the newly discovered deeply eclipsing dwarf nova IY UMa to trace out the shape of its disc during the late superhump era. We find an eccentric disc. We show that the brightness of the stream–disc impact region varies as expected with |ΔV|2, where ΔV is the relative velocity of the stream with respect to the velocity of the disc at the impact point. We conclude that the hotspot is the source of late superhump light.
Getting to the heart of psychopathy and moral responsibility

Psychopaths. Who are they? What are they? How do they differ from the rest of us "normals? " And, why do they differ from the rest of us "normals? " For most of us, the word "psychopath" conjures up images of notorious serial killers, like Charles Manson, Ted Bundy, Jeffrey Dahmer, or Hannibal Lecter. However, psychopaths are not necessarily just serial killers. There crimes are often, and typically, petty offences, social misdeeds, or "crimes of the heart. " They can be found in every community and in every profession. For the most part, they are identified in the psychological literature in terms of having an emotional deficit. Their characteristic feature, along these lines, is a lack of empathy, which is an imperative source of moral motivation. As such, philosophers generally discuss psychopaths in the context of notions associated with freedom and moral responsibility. The main question that is typically examined by philosophers, in this context, is whether or not psychopaths can legitimately be held morally responsible for their actions in light of their inherent lack of empathy. However, philosophers rarely make close contact with the psychological literature to examine the nature of the psychopath in developing their views. In this project, I briefly examine and explicate the psychological literature that illuminates the nature and development of the psychopath from both the nature and nurture perspectives. By doing so, I am able to lay a foundation upon which a critical comparison can be made between the nature of the psychopath and the nature of the non-psychopath in working towards determining the essential ingredients that constitute moral agency, subsequent attributions of moral responsibility, and, ultimately, whether or not psychopaths can legitimately be held morally responsible for their actions.
New Zealand Mutual Funds: Measuring Performance and Persistence in Performance

The present study investigates the performance of New Zealand mutual funds using a survivorship-bias controlled sample of 143 funds for the period of 1990–2003. Our overall results suggest that New Zealand mutual funds have not been able to provide out-performance. Alphas for equity funds, both domestic and international, are insignificantly different from zero, whereas balanced funds underperform significantly. There is no evidence of timing abilities by the fund managers. In the short term, significant evidence of return persistence for all funds is observed. This persistence, however, is driven by ‘icy hands’ rather than ‘hot hands’. Finally, we find the risk-adjusted performance for equity funds to be positively related to fund size and expense ratio and negatively related to load charges.
Power and Area Efficient Design of Network-on-Chip Router through Utilization of Idle Buffers

Network-on-Chip (NoC) is the interconnection platform that answers the requirements of the modern on-Chip design. Small optimizations in NoC router architecture can show a significant improvement in the overall performance of NoC based systems. Power consumption, area overhead and the entire NoC performance is influenced by the router buffers. Resource sharing for on-chip network is critical to reduce the chip area and power consumption. Virtual channel buffer sharing by other router ports has been proposed to enhance the performance of on-chip communication. We approach the router architecture optimization by utilizing the idle buffers instead of increasing the number and size of buffers for desired throughput.
Wafer Reliability Evaluation and Monitoring for InGaAsP Devices

A simple procedure, evaluating wafer reliability by HALT before full regular processing, is justified and optimized. This procedure is aimed at early failure rate assessment, reliability adjustment, and yield enhancement per customer needs. A test plan concept, detailed design and realization are suggested. Test optimization with respect to customer requirements, field failures, and manufacturing losses are presented. Some regular flaws and recommendations are proposed. The procedure allows significant manufacturing and field savings along with increasing customer satisfaction. The procedure can be extended to manufacturing operation optimization and applied to related GaAs and Si based innovative technologies
The Moods Meaningful Media Create: Effects of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Television Clips on Viewers’ Affective States and Subsequent Program Selection

Typically, research on enjoyment motivations for media selection has centered on hedonic, or pleasure-seeking, motivations. Recently eudaimonic, or truth-seeking, motivations have also received attention. Most investigations into hedonic and eudaimonic motivations for media consumption have conceptualized these motivations as traits, rather than as states, using surveys to determine that long-standing hedonic and eudaimonic motivations influence entertainment preferences. This experiment explored the possibility that more temporary hedonic and eudaimonic states can also be induced by media exposure. A laboratory experiment successfully manipulated hedonic and eudaimonic states using clips with either hedonic or eudaimonic tone from 3 different TV programs, with clip tone affecting participants’ reports of hedonic and eudaimonic states as well as meaningful and fun affect. The experiment also found partial evidence that clip tone might influence subsequent program selection, but only with 1 program of 3 in the study. Implications for an understanding of TV consumption motivations are discussed.
Strategy training eliminates sex differences in spatial problem solving in a stem domain.

Poor spatial ability can limit success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Many initiatives aim to increase STEM achievement and degree attainment through selective recruitment of high-spatial students or targeted training to improve spatial ability. The current study examines an alternative approach to increasing achievement that includes problem-solving strategy training. In this study, we examined how training in multiple problem-solving strategies affects science achievement and its relations to sex and spatial ability. We compared 3 interventions that trained either mental imagery strategies, analytic problem-solving strategies, or their combination in the context of a college chemistry course. As predicted, students adopted more analytic strategies after analytic training, and women used significantly more analytic strategies than men after instruction. Training in the combined use of mental imagery and analytic strategies eliminated sex differences in achievement, but training in a single type of strategy resulted in a male achievement advantage. Our work demonstrates that achievement is dependent not only on spatial ability but also on strategy choice, and that strategy training offers a viable route to improving the performance of female students.
A 16.8 Gbps/Channel Single-Ended Transceiver in 65 nm CMOS for SiP-Based DRAM Interface on Si-Carrier Channel

A 16.8 Gbps/channel single-ended transceiver for SiP-based DRAM interface on silicon carrier channel is proposed in this paper. A transmitter, receiver, and channel are all included in a single package as SiP. A current mode 4:1 MUX with 1-tap feed-forward equalizer (FFE) is used as a serializer, and this 4:1 MUX uses 25% duty clock to prevent short circuit current when consecutive 2-phase clocks overlap. Additionally, an open drain output driver with asynchronous type 1-tap FFE is used in the transmitter. Because of its small physical size, a common mode variation of Si-carrier channel from process variation is more serious than that of conventional PCB. This common mode variation degrades bit error rates (BER) at single-ended signaling. To obtain effective single-ended signaling on Si-carrier channel, a source follower-based continuous time linear equalizers and self- VREF generator with training algorithm on the receiver are proposed. An implemented Si-carrier channel uses meshed layer as a reference to reduce insertion loss. A BER less than 1e-12 is achieved in 65 nm CMOS and the power efficiency of the transceiver is 5.9 pJ/bit with 120 Ω terminations at each transceiver side.
Identification of genes involved in utilization of acetate and acetoin in Bacillus subtilis

The Bacillus subtilis ccpA gene has previously been shown to be involved in repression of amyE expression when cells are grown in excess glucose. The region of the B. subtilis chromosome downstream from ccpA was characterized to determine if additional genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were present. Two open reading frames that exhibited sequence similarity to the Escherichia coli and B. subtilis motA and motB motility genes were found immediately downstream from ccpA; disruption of this region had no effect on growth, sporulation or motility. Two divergent transcriptional units containing the acsA and acuABC genes were also found in this region. The acsA gene encodes acetyl‐CoA synthetase, and inactivation of this gene resulted in loss of the ability to utilize acetate as a carbon source for growth or sporulation. Disruption of the acuABC genes resulted in poor growth or sporulation on acetoin or butanediol. The acsA and acuABC promoter sequences were identified by primer extension, and are in close proximity. Two sequences resembling the amyO regulatory target site necessary for glucose repression of amyE were identified in the acsA‐acuABC promoter regions.
Integrating rapport-building into language instruction: A study of Korean foreign language classes

Using a conversation-analytic approach along with the notions of frame and footing (Goffman 1981), this study examines what strategies teachers use to build rapport with their students in Korean as a foreign language classrooms. It also discusses what kinds of interactional resources they employ in tandem with these strategies. Analysis of teacher–student interactions in different sequential contexts demonstrates that teachers occasionally integrate rapport-building into an ongoing interaction by negotiating different footings and frames, such as a formal, institutional frame and an informal, conversational frame. This study highlights the teachers’ use of four strategies: engaging students in informal conversations, integrating humour into classroom interactions, softening corrections with compliments and demonstrating empathy toward students. By paying attention to the teachers’ shifts in footings and frames, the study expands our understanding of the intricate verbal and non-verbal manoeuvres involved in the task of building rapport in a foreign language classroom. The findings, which show that the language classroom is a social space in which teachers and students not only co-construct knowledge but also build relationships, have pedagogical implications. In addition, this study contributes to raising awareness of the teacher’s critical role in creating a positive learning environment.
Nomadic control packet-based dynamic route maintenance scheme for adaptive routing in mobile ad hoc networks

Many novel ideas have been proposed for designing multihop routing protocols in MANET (mobile ad hoc networks). Many of them adopt a method, called flooding, to discover a routing path. In order to increase the over-all routing performance and make optimum use of the limited resources, discovered routing paths need to be dynamically maintained to be continuously optimal in the highly dynamic network topology. However, the flooding is inappropriate for the dynamic route maintenance due to its significant inherent overhead. In this paper, we propose a nomadic control packet (NCP)-based dynamic route maintenance scheme for adaptive routing in MANET. The NCP travels through the network based on a random walk, and collects its stopovers as a traversal record for the purpose of dynamic route maintenance and efficient route discovery. The NCP probabilistically provides nodes with clues to routing path updates by using its traversal record. The nodes can find up-to-date and optimal (less-loaded and shorter) routing path information from the clues, thereby adapting to the dynamic network topology and traffic load conditions. The NCP-based dynamic route maintenance scheme can be easily applied to ad hoc on-demand routing protocols such as AODV and DSR with minimum modifications. In our simulation study we modified the AODV protocol to maintain routing paths using NCPs' traversal record. The simulation results show that the utilization of NCPs helps the routing protocol to notably reduce average end-to-end packet delay with the help of the increased route optimality and traffic congestion control.
Reverse Nearest Neighbor Queries in Fixed Dimension

Reverse nearest neighbor queries are defined as follows: Given an input point set P, and a query point q, find all the points p in P whose nearest point in P ∪ {q} \ {p} is q. We give a data structure to answer reverse nearest neighbor queries in fixed-dimensional Euclidean space. Our data structure uses O(n) space, its preprocessing time is O(n log n), and its query time is O(log n).
Dynamic analysis of an on-board DC distribution system with active stabilizer

Stability of onboard dc power systems is influenced by nonlinear behavior of converter-controlled loads with constant power characteristics. This nonlinear dynamics, in line with reduced size input filters used in transportation systems, has a degradation effect on the dynamic performance and stability of the system. This paper addresses stability study of a dc power system with an active stabilization system. Different load power dynamics are implemented to demonstrate the impacts of slow and fast load dynamics on the stability of the system. Performance of the stabilizer, in steady state and transient, is also investigated through a series of experimental tests.