Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Requests and Social Affordances: How They Affect the Kinematics of Motor Sequences during Interactions between Conspecifics

The present study aimed at determining whether and what factors affect the control of motor sequences related to interactions between conspecifics. Experiment 1 demonstrated that during interactions between conspecifics guided by the social intention of feeding, a social affordance was activated, which modified the kinematics of sequences constituted by reaching-grasping and placing. This was relative to the same sequence directed to an inanimate target. Experiments 2 and 4 suggested that the related-to-feeding social request emitted by the receiver (i.e. the request gesture of mouth opening) is prerequisite in order to activate a social affordance. Specifically, the two experiments showed that the social request to be fed activated a social affordance even when the sequences directed towards a conspecific were not finalized to feed. Experiment 3 showed that moving inside the peripersonal space of a conspecific, who did not produce any social request, marginally affected the sequence. Finally, experiments 5 and 6 indicated that the gaze of a conspecific is necessary to make a social request effective at activating a social affordance. Summing up, the results of the present study suggest that the control of motor sequences can be changed by the interaction between giver and receiver: the interaction is characterized by a social affordance that the giver activates on the basis of social requests produced by the receiver. The gaze of the receiver is a prerequisite to make a social request effective.
Comparación del instrumento de salud SF-12 frente al SF-36 en pacientes en mantenimiento con metadona

Fundamento: La concordancia de las puntuaciones de los componentes fisico y mental obtenida a traves del SF- 36 y del SF-12 ha sido establecida en poblacion general y muestras clinicas, pero todavia no ha sido valorada entre pacientes con adiccion a drogas. Objetivo: Analizar como un instrumento breve del estado de salud, el SF-12, es comparable con su version extendida, el SF-36, para valorar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes con trastornos adictivos en tratamiento con metadona. Pacientes, material y metodo: Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio transversal sobre una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 726 personas incluidas en Programas de Mantenimiento con Metadona del Pais Vasco. Se ha utilizado el cuestionario de salud SF-36 y se han calculado los indices sumarios fisico (PCS) y mental (MCS) del SF-36 y SF-12. Se han utilizado Coeficientes de Correlacion Intraclase (CCI) y modelos de regresion lineal para valorar la capacidad del componente sumario fisico del SF-12 (PCS-12) para predecir los valores del PCS-36, asi como los del MCS-12 para predecir las puntuaciones del MCS-36. Resultados: La concordancia entre el SF-12 y el SF-36, tanto respecto al componente fisico (ICC=0,97) como mental (ICC=0,98) ha resultado alta, mostrando una relacion lineal y positiva. Una alta proporcion de la varianza del componente fisico -PCS- (R2=0,88) y mental -MCS- (R2=0,91) del SF-36 es explicado por los correspondientes indices sumarios del SF-12. Conclusiones: El SF-12 reproduce las puntuaciones sumarias del SF-36 sin demasiada perdida de informacion cuando es utilizada en pacientes en tratamiento con metadona. El SF-12 puede ser una alternativa eficiente al SF-36 para la valoracion de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes con trastornos adictivos y su tratamiento.
An improved algorithm for tor circuit scheduling

Tor is a popular anonymity-preserving network, consisting of routers run by volunteers all around the world. It protects Internet users' privacy by relaying their network traffic through a series of routers, thus concealing the linkage between the sender and the recipient. Despite the advantage of Tor's anonymizing capabilities, it also brings extra latency, which discourages more users from joining the network. One of the factors that causes the latency lies in Tor's circuit scheduling algorithm, which allows busy circuits (those with continuous traffic) to crowd out bursty circuits (those with short bursts of traffic). In this work, we propose and implement a more advanced scheduling algorithm which treats circuits differently, based on their recent activity. In this way, bursty circuits such as those used for web browsing can gain higher priority over busy ones such as used for bulk transfer; the performance for most activities over Tor is improved, while minimal overhead is incurred. Our algorithm has been incorporated into the latest build of Tor.
The Integration of Personal and Professional Selves: Developing Students' Critical Awareness in Social Work Practice

How social work students incorporate personal and professional selves in the contexts of field education represents a cornerstone of effective and sustainable practice. This paper presents a qualitative component of a study that tracked 15 third-year bachelor of social work students across their first field placement to document their use of self, critical reflections and experiential learning. The project examined students' assessed ‘use of self’ assignments to understand their capacity for and development of critical awareness across this placement. Students were most articulate in being able to identify stressful situations that arose from placement in terms of what they were thinking (mind) and feeling (emotion) and to a much lesser extent to what they were sensing (body). Over time, students demonstrated a growing critical awareness to better identify and respond to their self-reported tensions. The findings provide developmental insights into how students integrate personal and professional selves and potentially shift from reflective and reflexive practices to incorporating praxis in their work. Through considering the linkages between self and practice, this paper explores student experiences whilst on placement and the associated developmental tasks of critical awareness.
BLINK BEHAVIOUR BASED DROWSINESS DETECTION

The study used electrooculogram data to develop, adjust and validate the method for detecting drowsiness in drivers. Changes in blink behavior were used for detecting drowsiness, and a four graded scale was used to classify the degree of drowsiness. Two different reference methods were used for adjustment and validation: driver reported ratings of drowsiness and an electroencephalogram (EEG) based scoring scale. The results of the study indicate a possibility to detect drowsiness by analyzing blink behavior changes; and the comparability of the blink based scale and the EEG based scale must be further studied.
Interpretation of normal and pathological beats using multiresolution wavelet analysis

The discrete wavelet transform has great capability to analyze the temporal and spectral properties of non stationary signal like electrocardiogram (ECG). In this paper, we developed and evaluated a robust algorithm using multiresolution analysis based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for twelve-lead ECG temporal feature extraction. The study, with support of physiological knowledge, attempted interpretation of ECG beats with different patterns. Selection of appropriate group of wavelet coefficients along with decision rules is used to determine P, Q, R, S and T wave locations, amplitudes, onsets and offsets We evaluated the algorithm on normal and abnormal beats from various manually annotated databases from physiobank with different sampling frequency. An appropriate value of threshold at QRS detector offered sensitivity of 99.5% and positive predictivity of 98.9% over the first lead of the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database.
Olfaction-Inspired Sensing Using a Sensor System with Molecular Recognition and Optimal Classification Ability for Comprehensive Detection of Gases

In this study, we examined the comprehensive detection of numerous volatile molecules based on the olfactory information constructed by using olfaction-inspired sensor technology. The sensor system can simultaneously detect multiple odors by the separation and condensation ability of molecularly imprinted filtering adsorbents (MIFAs), where a MIP filter with a molecular sieve was deposited on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The adsorption properties of MIFAs were evaluated using the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results demonstrated that the system embedded with MIFAs possesses high sensitivity and specific selectivity. The digitization and comprehensive classification of odors were accomplished by using artificial odor maps constructed through this system.
Are Choice Experiments Incentive Compatible? A Test with Quality Differentiated Beef Steaks

This study compares hypothetical and nonhypothetical responses to choice experiment questions. We test for hypothetical bias in a choice experiment involving beef ribeye steaks with differing quality attributes. In general, hypothetical responses predicted higher probabilities of purchasing beef steaks than nonhypothetical responses. Thus, hypothetical choices overestimate total willingness-to-pay for beef steaks. However, marginal willingness-to-pay for a change in steak quality is, in general, not statistically different across hypothetical and actual payment settings. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
A Surface Loop of the Potato Leafroll Virus Coat Protein Is Involved in Virion Assembly, Systemic Movement, and Aphid Transmission

ABSTRACT Two acidic domains of the Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) coat protein, separated by 55 amino acids and predicted to be adjacent surface features on the virion, were the focus of a mutational analysis. Eleven site-directed mutants were generated from a cloned infectious cDNA of PLRV and delivered to plants by Agrobacterium-mediated mechanical inoculation. Alanine substitutions of any of the three amino acids of the sequence EWH (amino acids 170 to 172) or of D177 disrupted the ability of the coat protein to assemble stable particles and the ability of the viral RNA to move systemically in four host plant species. Alanine substitution of E109, D173, or E176 reduced the accumulation of virus in agrobacterium-infiltrated tissues, the efficiency of systemic infection, and the efficiency of aphid transmission relative to wild-type virus, but the mutations did not affect virion stability. A structural model of the PLRV capsid predicted that the amino acids critical for virion assembly were located within a depression at the center of a coat protein trimer. The other amino acids that affected plant infection and/or aphid transmission were predicted to be located around the perimeter of the depression. PLRV virions play key roles in phloem-limited virus movement in plant hosts as well as in transport and persistence in the aphid vectors. These results identified amino acid residues in a surface-oriented loop of the coat protein that are critical for virus assembly and stability, systemic infection of plants, and movement of virus through aphid vectors.
Limiting attentional resources influences performance and output monitoring of an event-based prospective memory task

We investigated how limiting attentional resources during a prospective memory task influences old and new judgement and output monitoring, using a paradigm designed by Marsh and Hicks (1998) and multinomial processing models. Our study revealed two novel findings. First, when participants do not remember whether an item was presented and whether they performed the prospective memory task, the risk of a participant guessing that he/she had successfully performed the prospective memory task was greater when more attentional resources were available. Second, even when a participant had successfully performed the prospective memory task, he/she remembered that the item had been actually presented less when the available attentional resources were limited.
The Effects of Prenatal Problems, Family Functioning, and Neighborhood Disadvantage in Predicting Life-Course-Persistent Offending

Research examining Moffitt's dual taxonomy theory of offending has generally supported the idea that neuropsychological deficits interact with disadvantaged familial environments to predict life-course-persistent offending. Most research, however, has neglected to investigate the power of this interaction across different neighborhood and racial contexts. Using data extracted from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Moffitt's biosocial hypothesis is tested across different neighborhood and racial contexts. The findings indicate that the biosocial interaction predicts life-course-persistent offending only among non-Whites in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Stated differently, macro-level structural factors appear to moderate the effects of individual and family risks. That poor non-Whites reside in neighborhoods that are ecologically distinct from those in which poor Whites reside exacerbates the criminogenic effects of individual-level deficits and family disadvantage.
An improved energy management strategy for a Battery/Ultracapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System in Electric Vehicles

Battery/Ultracapacitor (UC) Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Electric Vehicles have been proposed to increase battery cycle life and driving range. Existing works focus on power management strategies of the battery and UC, while energy management strategies are still relatively empirical. We propose a more rigorous method of setting the target UC energy level using a speed-dependent band. This allows the UC to contain sufficient energy for future accelerations, and have sufficient capacity to store energy from future regenerative braking. Furthermore, by adjusting the band height, the UC size in terms of energy stored can be reduced significantly. We show other works cannot achieve both goals simultaneously unless their UCs are sized larger (up to three times).
Evidence of Reliability and Validity for a Children’s Auditory Continuous Performance Test

Continuous Performance Tests (CPTs) are commonly utilized clinical measures of attention and response inhibition. While there have been many studies of CPTs that utilize a visual format, there is considerably less research employing auditory CPTs. The current study provides initial reliability and validity evidence for the Auditory Vigilance Screening Measure (AVSM), a newly developed CPT. Participants included 105 five- to nine-year-old children selected from two rural Midwestern school districts. Reliability data for the AVSM was collected through retesting of 42 participants. Validity was evaluated through correlation of AVSM scales with subscales from the ADHD Rating Scale–IV. Test–retest reliability coefficients ranged from . 62 to . 74 for AVSM subscales. A significant (r = .31) correlation was obtained between the AVSM Impulsivity Scale and teacher ratings of inattention. Limitations and implications for future study are discussed.
Recognition of Tourist Attractions Yuanfang Li

With the mass of images we are presented with everyday, there are many times when we see a photo of a place that we would like to visit but are unable to determine where it is. The ability to recognize landmarks from images can be extremely useful both when choosing a travel destination and when trying to identify landmarks in a foreign place. Our project aims to be able to recognize the specific location using machine learning methods. Due to time and complexity constraints, we limit ourselves to recognizing ten famous tourist attractions in Beijing. The input to our algorithm is an image. We then use a convolutional neural network to extract image features and an SVM which outputs the predicted attraction. We use the following ten attractions in our model: Tiananmen Square, the Forbidden City, Yuanmingyuan Park, Beihai Park, Beijing National Stadium (Bird Nest), Beijing National Aquatics Centre (Water Cube), CCTV Headquarters, the Great Wall, National Centre for the Performing Arts (Bird Egg) and Fragrant Hills Park. These attractions were chosen because they each have distinct features that make the classification task easier and are well known enough to amass a large dataset for training.
Cancer Chemoprevention by Pomegranate: Laboratory and Clinical Evidence

Pomegranate fruit from the tree Punica granatum has been dubbed as the “nature's power fruit. ” Dating back to Biblical times, the tree itself is attributed to possess extraordinary medicinal properties. The geographical distribution of the tree, being native to the Middle East and some Asian countries, is generally attributed to a lack of interest in its medicinal properties by many western scientists. However, the unique biochemical composition of the pomegranate fruit being rich in antioxidant tannins and flavonoids has recently drawn attention of many investigators to study its exceptional healing qualities. Recent research has shown that pomegranate extracts selectively inhibit the growth of breast, prostate, colon and lung cancer cells in culture. In preclinical animal studies, oral consumption of pomegranate extract inhibited growth of lung, skin, colon and prostate tumors. An initial phase II clinical trial of pomegranate juice in patients with prostate cancer reported significant prolongation of prostate specific antigen doubling time. This review focuses on recent investigations into the effects of pomegranate fruit on cancer.
Minimum classification error rate methods for speech recognition

A critical component in the pattern matching approach to speech recognition is the training algorithm, which aims at producing typical (reference) patterns or models for accurate pattern comparison. In this paper, we discuss the issue of speech recognizer training from a broad perspective with root in the classical Bayes decision theory. We differentiate the method of classifier design by way of distribution estimation and the discriminative method of minimizing classification error rate based on the fact that in many realistic applications, such as speech recognition, the real signal distribution form is rarely known precisely. We argue that traditional methods relying on distribution estimation are suboptimal when the assumed distribution form is not the true one, and that "optimality" in distribution estimation does not automatically translate into "optimality" in classifier design. We compare the two different methods in the context of hidden Markov modeling for speech recognition. We show the superiority of the minimum classification error (MCE) method over the distribution estimation method by providing the results of several key speech recognition experiments. In general, the MCE method provides a significant reduction of recognition error rate.
Dilemmas of difference, inclusion and disability: international perspectives on placement

This paper reports findings about placement questions relevant to disability in education. It is part of a larger international study of the perspectives of 132 education practitioners and administrators in England, the USA and The Netherlands to several dilemmas of difference. Participants were interviewed about their perspectives to a presented placement dilemma about the consequences of having inclusive/separate placements for children with more severe disabilities/special educational needs. The data are presented in quantitative terms (degrees of recognition and resolution of dilemma) and qualitative terms (reasons, justifications and suggested resolutions). The findings show the continued recognition of this dilemma and commonalities in the resolution of the dilemma across the countries. Variations in responses to the dilemmas that relate to national differences are also discussed.
KOMUNIKASI INSTRUKSIONAL GURU PADA PROSES PEMBELAJARAN SISWA TUNARUNGU JENJANG SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS (SMA) DI SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA (SLB) SRI MUJINAB PEKANBARU

Hearing impairment is a condition where a person is not able to function athis hearing to perceive sound tool and use it to communicate, it is caused by adisturbance in the functioning of hearing either in a mild, moderate, severe and verysevere. One of the methods used to train on the development of deaf students is byusing instructional communication in the learning process. This research aims todetermine the instructional methods of communication used in the at extraordinary(SLB) Sri Mujinab Pekanbaru, knowing instructional communication media used inthe classroom, and communication barriers that occur in the learning process.This research used qualitative research methods to the presentation ofdescriptive analysis. The informan in this research were 8 teachers and 3 deafstudents at extraordinary (SLB) Sri Mujinab Pekanbaru, while the object of study isan instructional teacher communication on student learning levels deaf High Schoolin extraordinary (SLB) Sri Mujinab Pekanbaru. Data collection techniques used wereobservation, interviews, and documentation. In reaching the validity of the data inthis study, researchers used an extension of participation and triangulation.The results obtained indicate that the instructional methods used by teachersto deaf students in extraordinary SLB Sri Mujinab Pekanbaru is by using signlanguage (hand movement, body language and face expression), oral method (mouthaction and face expression), and total communication (combination between signlanguage and oral method). The instructional media used for deaf students is audiovisual(video) and visual media (picture, the original object, artificial object.Instructional communication barriers between deaf students and teachers includebarriers source barriers and obstacles communicant channel or target.Keywords : deaf students, instructional communication, special school of SriMujinab Pekanbaru
Wilson and the Unification of Science

Abstract: This article analyzes the thought and intellectual contribution of Edward O. Wilson, among the most prominent and influential convergenists. It concentrates on the deep ambition going as a bright thread through Wilson's whole scientific output: the unification of science and knowledge. It traces the background of this ambition in Wilson's personal history and follows its various articulations throughout his career.
Can planning time compensate for individual differences in working memory capacity?

Language learners with high working memory capacity have an advantage, all other factors being equal, during the second language acquisition (SLA) process; therefore, identifying a pedagogical intervention that can compensate for low working memory capacity would be advantageous to language learners and instructors. Extensive research on the provision of planning time before non-native speakers complete various oral and written tasks in the target language suggests that planning time might provide the processing support needed to overcome the constraints of low working memory capacity. This article reports on an empirical aptitude-treatment interaction (ATI) study of the interaction of working memory capacity and pre-task planning time with a population of English as a second language (ESL) learners in the USA. Learners were asked to complete two different oral, monologic, picture-guided narratives in two conditions: with pre-task planning time and without pre-task planning time. The results did not show an effect for the interaction of working memory capacity with pre-task planning time; that is, the results demonstrate the facilitative effect of planning time on learner fluency for participants with both high and low working memory capacity. In addition, the results demonstrate that learners with pre-task planning time produce more fluent and more complex speech than learners without pre-task planning time, with mixed results for accuracy. Finally, the results suggest that planning time may have a carry-over effect and benefit the fluency and complexity of learners’ speech during subsequent, unplanned tasks.