Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharyngitis in adults: the presence and coexistence of viruses and bacterial organisms.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the presence and coexistence of viruses and bacterial organisms causing pharyngitis in adults. DESIGN Open study using diagnostic methods, including rapid antigen-detection techniques, to test for the presence of viruses of the respiratory tract, as well as Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Chlamydia trachomatis, the Chlamydia species strain TWAR, and beta-hemolytic streptococci. SETTING Open health care. PATIENTS One hundred six consecutive adult patients, 15 to 65 years old, whose chief complaint was sore throat. MAIN RESULTS Of the 106 patients, beta-hemolytic streptococci were found in only 24 patients (5 patients with group A streptococci, 13 with group C, 5 with group G, and 1 with group F); M. pneumoniae was found in 10 patients, the Chlamydia species strain TWAR in 9 patients, and viruses in 27 patients. Two microbes were simultaneously isolated in 3 patients, and no microbial findings were detected in 33 patients. CONCLUSION Because 19 patients were infected with the Chlamydia species strain TWAR and M. pneumoniae, and 24 patients were infected with beta-hemolytic streptococci, the diagnostic procedures and therapies for adult patients with pharyngitis need to be reconsidered. The results of our study also confirm earlier suggestions that the Chlamydia species strain TWAR alone is a causative agent for pharyngitis in adults.
Difference between the left and right ventricular thickness in fetal heart

The difference in the size of the two ventricles in adult is well known and the ratio of left to right ventricular is 3:1, the reason being the difference in the resistance of the two circulations i.e. systemic and pulmonary circulation. However, in fetal life the difference in ventricular size remains unknown. Hence, this study is taken up. The fetal heart of different age group was selected from 15-35 weeks. The thickness of the right and left ventricular walls are measured accurately by using metal callipers and charted out. The difference between the two ventricular wall thickness is very minimal and negligible. The right wall was slightly thicker than the left wall. The shape of the ventricular cavity also looked different as the right cavity is oval while the left cavity looks rounded. The ventricular septum is also mildly covex towards the right side. On the contrary to the findings in adult as 3:1 ratio in terms of ventricular wall thickness the fetal ventricular size remains almost the same. The photographs of horizontal sections just below the coronary sulcus are presented and the increasing size as age advances is presented in details.
Hydrophobicity of Antifungal β-Peptides Is Associated with Their Cytotoxic Effect on In Vitro Human Colon Caco-2 and Liver HepG2 Cells

The widespread distribution of fungal infections, with their high morbidity and mortality rate, is a global public health problem. The increase in the population of immunocompromised patients combined with the selectivity of currents treatments and the emergence of drug-resistant fungal strains are among the most imperative reasons to develop novel antifungal formulations. Antimicrobial β-peptides are peptidomimetics of natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which have been proposed as developmental platforms to enhance the AMPs selectivity and biostability. Their tunability allows the design of sequences with remarkable activity against a wide spectrum of microorganisms such as the human pathogenic Candida spp. , both in planktonic and biofilm morphology. However, the β-peptide’s effect on surrounding host cells remains greatly understudied. Assessments have mainly relied on the extent of hemolysis that a candidate peptide is able to cause. This work investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity of various β-peptides in the Caco-2 and HepG2 mammalian cell lines. Results indicated that the cytotoxic effect of the β-peptides was influenced by cell type and was also correlated to structural features of the peptide such as hydrophobicity. We found that the selectivity of the most hydrophobic β-peptide was 2–3 times higher than that of the least hydrophobic one, for both cell types according to the selectivity index parameter (IC50/MIC). The IC50 of Caco-2 and HepG2 increased with hydrophobicity, which indicates the importance of testing putative therapeutics on different cell types. We report evidence of peptide-cell membrane interactions in Caco-2 and HepG2 using a widely studied β-peptide against C. albicans.
How does the brain function during starvation ? 1972 – 1977

With this issue of the JCI, we celebrate the 80th anniversary of the Journal. While 80 years is not a century, we still feel it is important to honor what the JCI has meant to the biomedical research community for 8 decades. To illustrate why the JCI is the leading general-interest translational research journal edited by and for biomedical researchers, we have asked former JCI editors-in-chief to reflect on some of the major scientific advances reported in the pages of the Journal during their tenures.
Functional Characterization and Haplotype Analysis of Polymorphisms in the Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter , ENT 2

The equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 ENT2 (SLC29A2), is a bidirectional transporter that is involved in the disposition of naturally occurring nucleosides as well as a variety of anticancer and antiviral nucleoside analogs. The goal of the current study was twofold: to evaluate the function of genetic variants in ENT2 in cellular assays, and to determine the haplotype structure of the coding and flanking intronic region of the gene. As part of a large study focused on genetic variation in membrane transporters (Leabman et al., 2003), DNA samples from ethnically diverse populations (100 African-Americans, 100 European-Americans, 30 Asians, 10 Mexicans, and 7 Pacific Islanders) were screened for variants in membrane transporters, including SLC29A2. Fourteen polymorphic sites in SLC29A2 were found, including 11 in the coding region. Five protein-altering variants were identified: three non-synonymous variants, and two deletions. Each of the protein-altering variants was found at a very low frequency, occurring only once in the sample population. The non-synonymous variants and the deletions were constructed via site-directed mutagenesis, and were subsequently characterized in Xenopus laevis oocytes. All variants were able to take up inosine with the exception of ENT2-∆845-846, which resulted in a frameshift mutation that prematurely truncated the protein. ENT2 showed very infrequent variation compared with most other transporter proteins studied, and it was found that five haplotypes were sufficient to describe the entire sample set. The low overall genetic diversity in SLC29A2 makes it unlikely that variation in the coding region contributes significantly to clinically observed differences in drug response. This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. DMD Fast Forward. Published on October 7, 2005 as DOI: 10.1124/dmd.105. 006270 at A PE T Jornals on Jne 6, 2017 dm d.aspurnals. org D ow nladed from
A Simpler Proof of the Excluded Minor Theorem for Higher Surfaces

We give a simple proof of the fact (which follows from the Robertson? Seymour theory) that a graph which is minimal of genusgcannot contain a subdivision of a large grid. Combining this with the tree-width theorem and the quasi-wellordering of graphs of bounded tree-width in the Robertson? Seymour theory, we obtain a simpler proof of the generalized Kuratowski theorem for each fixed surface. The proof requires no previous knowledge of graph embeddings.
A Study and Review of Human Response to Prolonged Random Vibration

This article describes a study conducted to determine the effects of long duration, random vibration—characteristic of low-altitude high-speed (LAHS) flight aircraft—on human performance, physiological, biodynamic, and tolerance responses. Ten subjects experienced 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 RMS g with a shaped power spectral density from 1 to 12 cps while engaging in LAHS control tasks. Simulation runs were of 5 hours duration, with the centermost 4 hours under dynamic conditions. Results of this experiment are related to those of other studies which had the same general objectives in order to provide a brief review and summary about what is known regarding human capabilities for LAHS flight.
A wideband, planar bow-tie antenna

This paper proposes a solution for a bow-tie antenna to enhance the impedance bandwidth while maintaining an omni-directional radiation pattern. Three bow-tie shapes with different flare angle are combined on a plane. The achieved -10-dB impedance bandwidth is 48% (1.4 GHz ~ 2.3 GHz). The radiation pattern is maintained omni-directional over the bandwidth. The average realized gain over the bandwidth is 1.5 dBi. The antenna with its wideband characteristic is a good substitution for multiple antennas required for many different applications.
Copper Anisotropy Effects in Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits Using Through-Silicon Vias

The elastic anisotropy of copper through-silicon vias (TSVs) and its impact on performance and reliability in 3-D integrated structures is examined. Copper TSVs exhibit significant amount of elastic anisotropy, particularly for TSVs with very small diameters. The elastic anisotropy manifests itself in terms of different Young's moduli in different directions and results in orientation-dependent stress distributions. The copper anisotropy in TSVs is measured, and the impact on stress-induced mobility variation and structural reliability is examined using an advanced technology computer-aided design simulator. It is observed that both the charge carrier mobility and the structural reliability are affected by the anisotropy and its orientation. The copper anisotropy effects studied here become more prominent for TSVs with small diameters and/or large aspect ratios, and need to be assessed thoroughly in order to design robust 3-D structures.
Attentional biases in dysphoria: An eye-tracking study of the allocation and disengagement of attention

This study looked for evidence of biases in the allocation and disengagement of attention in dysphoric individuals. Participants studied images for a recognition memory test while their eye fixations were tracked and recorded. Four image types were presented (depression-related, anxiety-related, positive, neutral) in each of two study conditions. For the simultaneous study condition, four images (one of each type) were presented simultaneously for 10 seconds, and the number of fixations and the total fixation time to each image was measured, similar to the procedure used by Eizenman et al. (2003) and Kellough, Beevers, Ellis, and Wells (2008). For the sequential study condition, four images (one of each type) were presented consecutively, each for 4 seconds; to measure disengagement of attention an endogenous cuing procedure was used (Posner, 1980). Dysphoric individuals spent significantly less time attending to positive images than non-dysphoric individuals, but there were no group differences in attention to depression-related images. There was also no evidence of a dysphoria-related bias in initial shifts of attention. With respect to the disengagement of attention, dysphoric individuals were slower to disengage their attention from depression-related images. The recognition memory data showed that dysphoric individuals had poorer memory for emotional images, but there was no evidence of a conventional mood-congruent memory bias. Differences in the attentional and memory biases observed in depressed and dysphoric individuals are discussed.
Chapter 3 Uncertainty Propagation

While it is often fairly straightforward to estimate the reliability of speech features in the time-frequency domain, this may not be true in other domains more amenable to speech recognition, such as e.g. for RASTA-PLP features or those obtained with the ETSI advanced front end. In such cases, one useful approach is to estimate the uncertainties in the domain where noise-reduction preprocessing is carried out, and to subsequently transform the uncertainties, along with the actual features, to the recognition domain. In order to develop suitable approaches, we will first give a short overview of relevant strategies for propagating probability distributions through nonlinearities. Secondly, for some feature domains suitable for robust recognition, we will show possible implementations and sensible approximations of uncertainty propagation and discuss the associated error margins and trade-offs. 3.1 Uncertainty Propagation In automatic speech recognition (ASR) an incoming speech signal is transformed into a set of observation vectors x = x1 · · ·xL which are input to the recognition model. ASR systems which work with uncertain input data replace this observation set by a distribution of possible observed values conditioned on the available information I, p(x1 · · ·xL|I). This uncertainty represents the lost information that causes the mismatch between the observed speech and the trained ASR model. By combining this distribution with observation uncertainty techniques [23], superior recognition robustness can be attained. There are multiple sources from which this Ramón Fernandez Astudillo Electronics and Medical Signal Processing Group, TU Berlin, 10587 Berlin, e-mail: ramon@ astudillo.com Dorothea Kolossa Electronics and Medical Signal Processing Group, TU Berlin, 10587 Berlin, e-mail: dorothea. kolossa@gmx.de
Telomere-binding Protein TRF2 Binds to and Stimulates the Werner and Bloom Syndrome Helicases*

Werner syndrome is a human premature aging disorder displaying cellular defects associated with telomere maintenance including genomic instability, premature senescence, and accelerated telomere erosion. The yeast homologue of the Werner protein (WRN), Sgs1, is required for recombination-mediated lengthening of telomeres in telomerase-deficient cells. In human cells, we report that WRN co-localizes and physically interacts with the critical telomere maintenance protein TRF2. This interaction is mediated by the RecQ conserved C-terminal region of WRN. In vitro, TRF2 demonstrates high affinity for WRN and for another RecQ family member, the Bloom syndrome protein (BLM). TRF2 interaction with either WRN or BLM results in a notable stimulation of their helicase activities. Furthermore, the WRN and BLM helicases, partnered with replication protein A, actively unwind long telomeric duplex regions that are pre-bound by TRF2. These results suggest that TRF2 functions with WRN, and possibly BLM, in a common pathway at telomeric ends.
Chemokine Expression in the Obstructed Kidney

Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that are important mediators of leukocyte extravasation and chemotaxis. Herein, we provide evidence that after 1 day of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), the mouse obstructed kidney (OBK) expresses MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), RANTES (Regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted) and IP-10 (interferon-γ-induced protein-10). In addition, by day 7, MIP-2 (macrophage inflammatory protein-2) expression is elevated in the obstructed kidneys compared to the contralateral control kidneys (CLK). After 7 days of obstruction, RANTES was the most abundant of the four chemokines detected in the OBK. In situ hybridization results indicate that several cellular compartments contribute to the expression of RANTES in the OBK. However, clearly cortical tubules within the OBK contribute substantially to the elevated expression of RANTES. These data support the contention that the cortical tubular epithelium plays a pivotal role in the inflammation associated with experimental hydronephrosis.
[Space perception].

Tllis paper reports a s{ngle case in which the author quanti 血es his own experience of ab1 コormal spatial perceptlon following cataract surgery . Following surgery the author noted that while wearing high diopter Iellses objects appeared much closer than expected . This produced a discrepancy between Visual and tact 量le input, such that the actual object location wherl touched see 皿 ed farther away than would be expec 亡ed based on vision . Qn the other hand・・izes ・・d th ・ ・p ・ti・1 ・xt ・ nt ・f ・bl・・t・ p・ p ・ ・ dic・lar t・ the li. f ・ight l・ Qk 。 d l。 rg ,, than both the visual memory of the object and the tactile−kinesthetic percep しion of it, An exampl ・ ・f ・ particular[y unusual ・ xperi ・ n ・e w . sf ・1エ・ws . Wh ・ n tw ・ id・ ntical pエate $ were placed on a table , one in front of the other , the mQre distant plate appeared distinctly larger than the nearer one . This seems to be an illusion based ⊂》n exaggeratio 鳳 of s三ze constancy . In our experiment , the level of constancy was n /ieasured . Results showed that the level of constancy was greater than one . (Z > 1.O, where Z is ’rheuless ’ratio Qf con − stallcy .) Key wQrds : anomalies in space perception, cataract eyes , over size constancy , Thouless 陶 Z
Face Recognition Based on Adaptively Weighted Gabor-LDA

A novelty method of face recognition based on adaptively weighted Gabor linear discriminant analysis (Gabor-LDA) is presented. First, the coefficients of Gabor wavelet transform deriving from a face image are taken as eigenvectors. And then an improved algorithm of principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed. This improved PCA is used to decrease the dimension of the eigenvector. A weight is given to each vector according to the distance between the eigenvector and the others in the same class. The new class means are calculated by the weighted of eigenvectors. The within-class scatter matrix and between-class scatter are reconstructed through the new class means, then the LDA discriminate function is improved. The problem of the class mean of training samples deviates from the center of this class in small samples size case is resolved by this improved LDA discriminate function. The experiment shows that a higher recognition result is obtained in the Yale face databases.
Adaptive incremental ensemble of extreme learning machines for fault diagnosis in induction motors

This paper proposes an adaptive incremental ensemble of extreme learning machines for fault diagnosis. The diagnostic system contains a data processing unit which aims to progressively generate discriminant features from the vibration signals for decision making. The decision making unit receives a few sets of labeled discriminant features in a chunk by chunk manner, incrementally learns the features-faults relations, dynamically diagnoses multiple bearing defects, and adaptively adjusts itself to learn new concept classes. This adaptive ensemble system is based on incremental learning of multiple extreme learning machines that are able to consult together and adjust themselves based on their confidence in the decision making. Extreme learning machines are used to construct the hybrid ensemble due to their good controllability and fast learning rate. Experimental results show the efficiency of the hybrid diagnostic system. The proposed diagnostic system is applied to diagnosing bearing defects in an induction motor.
Clinical effect of reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen containing antithymocyte globulin for hematopoietic cell transplantation from unrelated‐donors

The impact of reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) on the outcomes of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from unrelated ‐donors (UD) remains to be determined. We therefore assessed 128 patients, aged 16 to 66 years, with acute leukemia (n = 105) or myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 23) in a UD‐HCT trial using RIC with busulfan, fludarabine, and antithymocyte globulin. Patients were transplanted with unmanipulated bone marrow (BM, n = 41) or mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (M‐PB, n = 87) and received cyclosporine and methotrexate for graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. After a median follow‐up of 26.7 months (range, 5.9−70.7 months) in surviving patients, 19 patients had died without progression/recurrence of underlying disease, giving a cumulative incidence of transplantation‐related mortality (TRM) of 17% (95% confidence interval, 11%–27%; 1‐year TRM, 14%). Graft failure (n = 7) and infections (n = 5) were the most common causes of TRM. Only three patients died due to GVHD (acute, one; chronic, two). Graft failure, which occurred in eight patients, showed a significant correlation with graft source (BM, 6/41 vs. M‐PB, 2/87; P = 0.009). Donor‐patient HLA‐disparity did not correlate with GVHD, 1‐year TRM, and graft failure. RIC containing antithymocyte globulin led to decreased GVHD‐associated, as well as overall, TRM after UD‐HCT. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00627666. Am. J. Hematol. 86:399–405,2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photic responses of geniculo-hypothalamic tract neurons in the Syrian hamster

Abstract The putative neural pacemaker controlling circadian rhythms in mammals is contained in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. These nuclei receive a projection, the geniculo-hypothalamic tract (GHT), from neurons in the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) and portions of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN) of the thalamus. We examined the responses of putative GHT neurons to diffuse illumination using extracellular electrophysiological recordings. The great majority of IGL neurons showed sustained ON responses to diffuse retinal illumination; vLGN neurons showed more variation in their responses. Discharge rates of sustained ON neurons increased monotonically as light intensity was increased and saturated over 2–3 log units of intensity changes. Many IGL neurons had binocular input, and input from the ipsilateral eye was often inhibitory. These results indicate that GHT neurons may provide information about ambient light intensity to the suprachiasmatic nuclei.
Characterization of ryanodine receptors in rat colonic epithelium

Aim: Functional evidence suggests the presence of two types of intracellular Ca2+ channels responsible for the release of Ca2+ from Ca2+‐stores, i.e. inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3R) and ryanodine receptors (RyR), in rat colonic epithelium. Generally, three ryanodine receptor isoforms (RyR1–RyR3) are known; however, the type of RyR at this epithelium is unknown and was the focus of the present study.
Deep vein thrombosis and intraperitoneal hemorrhage after thrombolysis : rare complication of laparoscopic varicocelectomy

A rare case of a patient who had an uncommon complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and intraperitoneal hemorrhage after thrombolysis following laparoscopic Varicocelectomy (LV) is reported in this paper. The patient was a 31-year-old man, experienced the treatment with bilateral LV because of infertility. Color Doppler Ultrasound (CDU) showed DVT, and then percutaneous implantation of inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) and catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) were performed during the treatment. After the urokinase thrombolytic therapy, the patient was diagnosed intraperitoneal hemorrhage and was treated with laparoscopic exploration. The patient recovered favorably, being discharged by oral anticoagulation therapy and supported by compression elastic bandages for 6 months. It is concluded that DVT following LV should be paid more attention and it is also critical to have a high index of suspicion for intraperitoneal hemorrhage after thrombolysis. Laparoscopic exploration should be used as a minimally invasive approach because of its clear advantages over open surgery.
A Simple Model for Calculating Transformer Hot-Spot Temperature

A simple model for calculating the hot-spot temperature is introduced. The model is based on the hot-spot to ambient gradient. The model considers the changes of the oil viscosity and winding losses with temperature. The results are compared with temperatures calculated by IEEE Annex G method and measured results at varying load for the following transformer units: 250-MVA ONAF, 400-MVA ONAF, and 605-MVA OFAF.