Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep extension in humans: sleep stages, EEG power spectra and body temperature.

In eight male subjects the electroencephalogram (EEG) and core body temperature (Tcore) were recorded during long sleep episodes from 0000 to 1,500 hr. EEGs were visually scored and subjected to spectral analysis by fast Fourier transform. Slow-wave sleep [SWS, i.e. stages 3 + 4 of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and slow wave activity (SWA, mean EEG power density in the range of 0.75-4.5 Hz)] in NREM sleep attained highest values in the first 3 hr of sleep and lowest values in the morning hours when rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was at its maximum. Wakefulness was significantly enhanced in the last 3 hr of the recording period. Occasional NREM episodes containing SWS were observed in the late morning and early afternoon. However, no significant increase in SWS or SWA in the last 3 hr of the sleep episode over any of the preceding 3-hr intervals was present and SWA in this interval was significantly below the values observed at the beginning of sleep. The duration of NREM episodes varied significantly over the sleep episode. Analysis of the dynamics of SWA within NREM episodes revealed that SWA gradually rose during the episode. Consequently, SWA averaged per episode was positively correlated with episode duration. Tcore dropped in the initial part of sleep, rose during the morning hours and reached values in the afternoon that were higher than at the beginning of sleep. Thus the time course of Tcore dissociated from the time course of SWA. This indicates that SWA in NREM sleep is not directly related to the variation in core body temperature.
Multiband CPW-fed rectangular ring microstrip antenna design for wireless communications

This paper presents a new design of multiband microstrip antenna. The radiating elements in this antenna are composed of rectangular ring microstrip and a folded meandered arm used for higher mode excitation, frequency selection and control. Several optimizations are performed to attain the optimum values of the antenna physical parameters. The simulation of this antenna has been carried out using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO™ 2010. The simulation results show the presence of four resonant frequencies (2.35GHz, 2.82GHz, 5.1GHz, and 5.85GHz) and having the behavior of triple band frequency antenna for Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM), Closed Circuit Television (CCTV), and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) system applications. The antenna has a compact dimension of 1.6×28×30 mm3 and shows fairly good omnidirectional radiation patterns with reasonable gains at all operating frequencies.
Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies Joint Estimation of Process and Outcome in Choice Experiments Involving Attribute Framing Joint Estimation of Process and Outcome in Choice Experiments Involving Attribute Framing

There is a growing interest and recognition that the study of discrete choice outcomes should take into account the process rules that are used to establish eligibility of each attribute. This applies to both revealed preference and stated choice data but is especially relevant in the context of choice experiments where the analyst traditionally assumes the relevancy of all attributes imposed on the respondent through a series of choice sets. This paper proposes a joint process-outcome model in which the choices made are conditioned on the rules adopted by each respondent in assessing the attributes packaged in the definition of each alternative. We set out a joint model for four attribute processing rules and three alternatives (including a reference alternative), and estimate two sets of panel-based mixed logit models – one set in which we ignore the attribute processing rules and one set in which we explicitly account for the rules. We integrate the inclusion/exclusion rules and 'code' the outcomes of various prospects (i.e., alternatives) as either gains or losses relative to a reference point. Using data from a commuter car trip study of unlabelled packages of times and cost attributes (including a toll), we identify willingness to pay distributions for travel time savings under the various process rules. The main finding is that failing to account for the process rules tends to result in statistically higher mean estimates of values of travel time savings. Acknowledgement. Discussions with John Rose and Bill Greene have been invaluable in the preparation of this paper.
Development of an arabinose-fermenting Zymomonas mobilis strain by metabolic pathway engineering

The substrate fermentation range of the ethanologenic bacterium Zymomonas mobilis was expanded to include the pentose sugar, L-arabinose, which is commonly found in agricultural residues and other lignocellulosic biomass. Five genes, encoding L-arabinose isomerase (araA), L-ribulokinase (araB), L-ribulose-5-phosphate-4-epimerase (araD), transaldolase (talB), and transketolase (tktA), were isolated from Escherichia coli and introduced into Z. mobilis under the control of constitutive promoters that permitted their expression even in the presence of glucose. The engineered strain grew on and produced ethanol from L-arabinose as a sole C source at 98% of the maximum theoretical ethanol yield, based on the amount of consumed sugar. This indicates that arabinose was metabolized almost exclusively to ethanol as the sole fermentation product, with little by-product formation. Although no diauxic growth pattern was evident, the microorganism preferentially utilized glucose before arabinose, apparently reflecting the specificity of the indigenous facilitated diffusion transport system. This microorganism may be useful, along with the previously developed xylose-fermenting Z. mobilis (M. Zhang, C. Eddy, K. Deanda, M. Finkelstein, and S. Picataggio, Science 267:240-243, 1995), in a mixed culture for efficient fermentation of the predominant hexose and pentose sugars in agricultural residues and other lignocellulosic feedstocks to ethanol.
A GPU Implementation of a MAP Decoder for Synchronization Error Correcting Codes

In this paper we present a parallel implementation of a MAP decoder for synchronization error correcting codes. For a modest implementation effort, we demonstrate a considerable decoding speedup, up to two orders of magnitude even on consumer GPUs. This enables the analysis of much larger codes and worse channel conditions than previously possible, and makes applications of such codes feasible for software implementations.
Bin packing algorithms for virtual machine placement in cloud computing: a review

Cloud computing has become more commercial and familiar. The Cloud data centers havhuge challenges to maintain QoS and keep the Cloud performance high. The placing of virtual machines among physical machines in Cloud is signiﬁcant in optimizing Cloud performance. Bin packing based algorithms are most used concept to achieve virtual machine placement(VMP). This paper presents a rigorous survey and comparisons of the bin packing based VMP methods for the Cloud computing environment. Various methods are discussed and the VM placement factors in each methods are analyzed to understand the advantages and drawbacks of each method. The scope of future research and studies are also highlighted.
Online searching: Measures that discriminate among users with different types of experiences

The primary goal of this research was to discover those behaviors associated with the process of online bibliographic searching that are correlated with success. In the assumption that more experienced searchers are more successful, the research objectives were to identify (1) the differences among the searches of users of online systems who have different amounts of overall experience and (2) the differences between the searches of persons with and without experience on the database being searched. Five groups of searchers with varied overall and ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) database experience performed preselected searches on the DIALOG system using ONTAP, the 1975 subset of the ERIC database. Analysis of the search transcripts showed that differences among the groups were not large. Compared to the experienced subjects, beginning searchers performed surprisingly well. The group with the greatest overall experience and the greatest ERIC database experience achieved the highest recall and had the highest values of a set of search process variables designated “search effort” variables (e.g., number of commands and descriptors, connect time) suggesting a possible relationship between search effort and recall.
Cell engineering: spearheading the next generation in healthcare

Manipulating living mammalian cells present fascinating possibilities for a plethora of applications within our healthcare. These imply several possibilities in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, to those of a therapeutic nature. The physical sciences are increasingly playing a pivotal role in this endeavour by both advancing existing cell engineering technology and pioneering new protocols for the creation of biologically viable structures. In this paper, the author introduces several direct needle/channel/orifice-based cell engineering protocols, currently undergoing intense investigation for a whole host of bio-applications. Hence, each protocol's advantages and disadvantages are clearly identified, whilst recognizing their future biological and engineering challenges. In conclusion, a few selected biotechnological applications present possibilities where these protocols could undergo focused exploration. Successful development of these bio-protocols sees the emergence of unique future strategies within a clinical environment having far-reaching consequences for our healthcare.
Model Spasial untuk Prediksi Konsentrasi Polutan Kabut Asap Kebakaran Lahan Gambut Menggunakan Support Vector Regression

<p>Kabut asap dari kebakaran lahan gambut mengandung berbagai macam polutan seperti CO dan CO<sub>2</sub>. Polutan tersebut dapat berimplikasi buruk pada kesehatan masyarakat sekitar peristiwa itu terjadi yang berupa Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Atas (ISPA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat model spasial<em> </em>untuk prediksi<em> </em>konsentrasi polutan kabut asap yang berupa CO dan CO<sub>2</sub> dari kebakaran lahan gambut di Sumatra tahun 2015. Model spasial dibentuk menggunakan algoritme <em>support vector regression</em> (SVR) dengan kernel <em>radial basis function </em>(RBF) dengan melihat konsentrasi polutan dari beberapa titik tetangga. <em>Parameter tuning </em>dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nilai parameter paling optimal dari SVR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model spasial prediksi konsentrasi CO terbaik didapatkan pada <em>gamma </em>dengan nilai 20 yang menghasilkan <em>root mean squared error </em>(RMSE) dan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 1,174242×10<sup>-8 </sup>dan 0,5879287. Model spasial prediksi konsentrasi CO<sub>2</sub> terbaik dibentuk pada <em>gamma </em>dengan nilai 10 yang menghasilkan RMSE dan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 9,843717×10<sup>-8 </sup>dan 0,6058418. Hasil prediksi dari model yang dibentuk telah dapat mengikuti pola nilai aktual konsentrasi polutan. </p><p>Kata Kunci: CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, kabut asap, model spasial, support vector regression. </p>
PVS-NoC: Partial Virtual Channel Sharing NoC Architecture

A novel architecture aiming for ideal performance and overhead tradeoff, PVS-NoC (Partial VC Sharing NoC), is presented. Virtual channel (VC) is an efficient technique to improve network performance, while suffering from large silicon and power overhead. We propose sharing the VC buffers among dual inputs, which provides the performance advantage as conventional VC-based router with minimized overhead. We reason theoretically and demonstrate quantitatively the benefits of proposed architecture by comparing to state-of-the-art NoC routers, with various traffic patterns. Extensive experiments with synthetic and real benchmarks show significant area and power saving with similar performance compared to latest VC based NoC architectures.
Diffuse Extragalactic Background Light versus Deep Galaxy Counts in the Subaru Deep Field: Missing Light in the Universe?

Deep optical and near-infrared galaxy counts are utilized to estimate the extragalactic background light (EBL) coming from normal galactic light in the universe. Although the slope of the number-magnitude relation of the faintest counts is flat enough for the count integration to converge, a considerable fraction of EBL from galaxies could still have been missed in deep galaxy surveys because of various selection effects, including the cosmological dimming of the surface brightness of galaxies. Here we give an estimate of EBL from galaxy counts, in which these selection effects are quantitatively taken into account for the first time, based on reasonable models of galaxy evolution that are consistent with all available data of galaxy counts, size, and redshift distributions. We show that the EBL from galaxies is best resolved into discrete galaxies in the near-infrared bands (J, K) by using the latest data of the Subaru Deep Field; more than 80%-90% of EBL from galaxies has been resolved in these bands. Our result indicates that the contribution by missing galaxies cannot account for the discrepancy between the count integration and recent tentative detections of diffuse EBL in the K band (2.2 μm), and there may be a very diffuse component of EBL that has left no imprints in known galaxy populations.
Combining Spectral and Temporal Representations for Multipitch Estimation of Polyphonic Music

Due to the difficulty of creating pitch-labeled training data that cover the rich diversity found in music signals, unsupervised feature-based approaches derived from signal processing and feature design remain critical for multipitch estimation (MPE) of polyphonic music. While a large number of feature representations have been proposed in the literature, an effective means of combining different domains of features for MPE is still needed. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, referred to as combined frequency and periodicity (CFP), that detects pitches according to the agreement of a harmonic series in the frequency domain and a subharmonic series in the lag (quefrency) domain. This approach nicely aggregates the complementary advantages of the two feature domains in different frequency ranges, and improves the robustness of the pitch detection function to the interference of the overtones of simultaneous pitches. We report a comprehensive evaluation that compares CFP against three state-of-the-art approaches using three MPE datasets and four symphonies. The evaluation is characteristic of the coverage and complexity of music (in terms of instrument type and degree of polyphony). In addition, we also evaluate the performance of the MPE approaches when a number of audio degradations are applied. Results show that the proposed unsupervised method performs consistently well across the types of Western polyphonic music considered, and is robust to audio degradations such as high-pass filtering and MP3 compression.
INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN CLINICALLY NORMAL BROOK TROUt (SALVELINUS FONTINALIS) BY MEANS OF REBOUND TONOMETRY

Abstract The purpose of this study was to establish physiologic reference values for intraocular pressure (IOP) in clinically healthy trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). The study population consisted of 15 adult brook trout (14 male, 1 female); body weight ranged from 0.47 to 1.15 kg; length from 33.5 to 45.2 cm; and eye diameter from 11 to 14 mm. Animals were anesthetized, and a preliminary ophthalmic exam was performed. IOP was then measured by rebound tonometer. Three values were obtained for each eye. The animals were subsequently euthanized, and postmortem IOP was measured by the same method. A standard necropsy was performed on each fish to determine sex and to examine it for gross lesions. Premortem results (mm Hg) of measurements in the right eyes (n = 15) were 8.82 ± 2.45 mm Hg (minimum–maximum [min/max], 5–14 mm Hg; median, 8.33 mm Hg), and postmortem results were 6.31 ± 2.31 mm Hg (min/max, 3–11 mm Hg; median, 6 mmHg). Premortem results (mm Hg) of measurements in the left eyes (n = 15) were 9.20 ± 1.91 mm Hg (min/max, 5.33–12.33 mm Hg; median, 10 mm Hg), and postmortem results were and 9.81 ± 2.19mm Hg (min/max, 5–13 mmHg; median, 10.17mm Hg). A Mann-Whitney U-test was performed and revealed no significant difference within an eye under both pre- and postmortem conditions, and no significant difference between eyes between pre- and postmortem conditions. Rebound tonometry is a practical and efficient means of determining IOP in freshly euthanized fish or in anesthetized fish, where it requires minimal anesthetic and restraint time; it could potentially serve as a useful diagnostic tool when evaluating ophthalmic health.
Modulation of Hematopoietic Lineage Specification Impacts TREM2 Expression in Microglia-Like Cells Derived From Human Stem Cells

Microglia are the primary innate immune cell type in the brain, and their dysfunction has been linked to a variety of central nervous system disorders. Human microglia are extraordinarily difficult to obtain for experimental investigation, limiting our ability to study the impact of human genetic variants on microglia functions. Previous studies have reported that microglia-like cells can be derived from human monocytes or pluripotent stem cells. Here, we describe a reproducible relatively simple method for generating microglia-like cells by first deriving embryoid body mesoderm followed by exposure to microglia relevant cytokines. Our approach is based on recent studies demonstrating that microglia originate from primitive yolk sac mesoderm distinct from peripheral macrophages that arise during definitive hematopoiesis. We hypothesized that functional microglia could be derived from human stem cells by employing BMP-4 mesodermal specification followed by exposure to microglia-relevant cytokines, M-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-34, and TGF-β. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we observed cells with microglia morphology expressing a repertoire of markers associated with microglia: Iba1, CX3CR1, CD11b, TREM2, HexB, and P2RY12. These microglia-like cells maintain myeloid functional phenotypes including Aβ peptide phagocytosis and induction of pro-inflammatory gene expression in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Addition of small molecules BIO and SB431542, previously demonstrated to drive definitive hematopoiesis, resulted in decreased surface expression of TREM2. Together, these data suggest that mesodermal lineage specification followed by cytokine exposure produces microglia-like cells in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells and that this phenotype can be modulated by factors influencing hematopoietic lineage in vitro.
Modeling and Realization of the Floating Point Inverse Square Root, Square Root, and Division unit (fP ISD) Using VHDL and FPGAs

In this paper, we model and synthesis a high speed Arithmetic inverse square root, square root, and division (ISD) unit based on existing algorithms similar to the unit in [3]. With area/speed tradeoff limitation, our concentration was on designing high speed Arithmetic units with moderate area increase. Our concentration on the (ISD) unit using digit recurrence algorithms led to the modeling of a robust unit, sharing the same recurrence and same hardware to perform all three operations. Minor differences occur in the initialization stage and number of iterations and final rounding. Synthesis tools were used to evaluate our model and reports showed that our ISD unit has a minimum path delay of 12.443ns. Area was moderate and within range when theoretically comparing three separate units to complete the three operations. We further decrease the latency of the ISD unit by modeling short fast adder in the critical path.
Hyperbolicity and Optimal Coordinates for the Three-Dimensional Supersonic Euler Equations

The two-dimensional (2-D) steady Euler equations for supersonic flow in Cartesian coordinates (x,y) is hyperbolic except on the singular line u = a, where a is the speed of sound and u is the x-component of velocity. However, the Cauchy problem for $x > x_{\circ}$ with initial data prescribed at $x = x_{\circ}$ is well-posed only when u > a. For the 2-D case the optimal coordinates have been found [W. H. Hui and D. L. Chu, Comput. Fluid Dynamics, 4 (1996), pp. 403--426] to be the orthogonal system consisting of streamlines and their orthogonal lines. This gives the most robust and accurate computation for supersonic flow. It is commonly thought (e.g., [C. Y. Loh and M. S. Liou, J. Comput. Phys., 113 (1994), pp. 224--248]) that the system of three-dimensional (3-D) steady Euler equations for supersonic flow is hyperbolic. The present paper shows that it is hyperbolic only when the velocity in the marching direction is supersonic, in which case it also simultaneously guarantees the well-posedness of the Cau.
GABOR WAVELET BASED POSE ESTIMATION FOR FACE RECOGNITION

One of the major difficulties in face recognition systems is the in-depth pose variation problem. Most face recognition approaches assume that the pose of the face is known. In this work, we use a variation of Gabor wavelet transform for the representation of human face images to efficiently solve the pose estimation problem. Parameters of the Gabor wavelets, namely frequency and orientation, are adjusted to gain better performance. Principal Component Analysis is performed to reduce the dimensionality without a significant loss in the performance. Our results show that Gabor wavelet based filtering of images improves the performance of the pose estimation module.
Geodesics and almost geodesic cycles in random regular graphs

A geodesic in a graph G is a shortest path between two vertices of G. For a specific function e(n) of n, we define an almost geodesic cycle C in G to be a cycle in which for every two vertices u and v in C, the distance dG(u, v) is at least dC(u, v)−e(n). Let ω(n) be any function tending to infinity with n. We consider a random d‐regular graph on n vertices. We show that almost all pairs of vertices belong to an almost geodesic cycle C with e(n) = logd−1logd−1n+ ω(n) and |C| = 2logd−1n+ O(ω(n)). Along the way, we obtain results on near‐geodesic paths. We also give the limiting distribution of the number of geodesics between two random vertices in this random graph. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. J Graph Theory 66:115‐136, 2011
Video saliency prediction with optimized optical flow and gravity center bias

Dynamic videos are viewed fundamentally different from static images. Besides spatial features, motion feature also plays an important role as a temporal factor. Most existing video saliency models usually employ optical flow to represent the motion feature. However, optical flow often suffers from the discontinuity problem. And we also notice that human fixations in one single video frame are much sparser than that in an identical still picture. However, many spatial saliency models take each video frame as static image independently. In this paper, we predict the dynamic visual saliency by fusing spatial and temporal features. In order to construct the temporal relationships among a set of successive frames, we introduce a smoothness operator in optical flow field to obtain more accurate motion feature. Then, considering the sparse property of video saliency, we adapt the weights of the regions surrounding to the saliency gravity center in the final maps. The experiments show that our model is more consistent with humans eye-tracking benchmarks than the state-of-the-art models.