Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GEMTC: GPU Enabled Many-Task Computing

Current software and hardware limitations prevent Many-Task Computing (MTC) workloads from leveraging hardware accelerators (NVIDIA GPUs, Intel Xeon Phi) boasting Many-Core Computing architectures. Some broad application classes that fit the MTC paradigm are workflows, MapReduce, high-throughput computing, and a subset of high-performance computing. MTC emphasizes using many computing resources over short periods of time to accomplish many computational tasks (i.e. including both dependent and independent tasks), where the primary metrics are measured in seconds. MTC has already proven successful in Grid Computing and Supercomputing on MIMD architectures, but the SIMD architectures of today’s accelerators pose many challenges in the efficient support of MTC workloads on accelerators. This work aims to address the programmability gap between MTC and accelerators, through an innovative middleware that enables MIMD programmability of SIMD architectures. This work will enable a broader class of applications to leverage the growing number of accelerated high-end computing systems.
Isolation of a Highly Myogenic CD34‐Negative Subset of Human Skeletal Muscle Cells Free of Adipogenic Potential

The differentiation of multipotent cells into undesirable lineages is a significant risk factor when performing cell therapy. In muscular diseases, myofiber loss can be associated with progressive fat accumulation that is one of the primary factors leading to decline of muscular strength. Therefore, to avoid any contribution of injected multipotent cells to fat deposition, we have searched for a highly myogenic but nonadipogenic muscle‐derived cell population. We show that the myogenic marker CD56, which is the gold standard for myoblast‐based therapy, was unable to separate muscle cells into myogenic and adipogenic fractions. Conversely, using the stem cell marker CD34, we were able to sort two distinct populations, CD34+ and CD34−, which have been thoroughly characterized in vitro and in vivo using an immunodeficient Rag2−/−γc−/− mouse model of muscle regeneration with or without adipose deposition. Our results demonstrate that both populations have equivalent capacities for in vitro amplification. The CD34+ cells and CD34− cells exhibit equivalent myogenic potential, but only the CD34− population fails to differentiate into adipocytes in vitro and in vivo after transplantation into regenerative fat muscle. These data indicate that the muscle‐derived cells constitute a heterogeneous population of cells with various differentiation potentials. The simple CD34 sorting allows isolation of myogenic cells with no adipogenic potential and therefore could be of high interest for cell therapy when fat is accumulated in diseased muscle. STEM CELLS 2010;28:753–764
Automatic conversion of colloquial Finnishto standard Finnish

This paper presents a rule-based method for converting between colloquial Finnish and standard Finnish. The method relies upon a small number of orthographical rules combined with a large language model of standard Finnish for ranking the possible conversions. Aside from this contribution, the paper also presents an evaluation corpus consisting of aligned sentences in colloquial Finnish, orthographically-standardised colloquial Finnish and standard Finnish. The method we present outperforms the baseline of simply treating colloquial Finnish as standard Finnish, but is outperformed by a phrase-based MT system trained by the evaluation corpus. The paper also presents preliminary results which show promise for using normalisation in the machine translation task.
Cosmic String Loops Collapsing to Black Holes

We examine the question of collapse of Turok's two-parameter family of cosmic strings. We first perform a classification of the strings according to the specific time(s) at which the minimal string size is reached during one period. We then obtain an exact analytical expression for the probability of collapse to black holes for the Turok strings. Our result has the same general behavior as previously obtained in the literature but we find, in addition, a numerical prefactor that changes the result by three orders of magnitude. Finally we show that our careful computation of the prefactor helps us to understand the discrepancy between previously obtained results and, in particular, that for "large" values of Gμ, there may not even be a discrepancy. We also give a simple physical argument that can immediately rule out some of the previously obtained results.
High-Speed Tree-based 64-Bit Binary Comparator using New Approach

High-speed tree-based 64-bit binary comparator using new approach is proposed in this brief. Comparison is most basic arithmetic operation that determines if one number is greater than, equal to, or less than the other number. Comparator is most fundamental component that performs comparison operation. This brief presents comparison of modified and existing 64-bit binary comparator designs concentrating on delay. Means some modifications are done in existing 64-bit binary comparator design to improve the speed of the circuit. Comparison between modified and existing 64-bit binary comparator designs is calculated by simulation that is performed at 90nm technology in Tanner EDA Tool.
Integrated cross-layer solutions for enabling silicon photonics into future chip multiprocessors

Nanophotonic is a promising solution for interconnections in future chip multiprocessors (CMPs) due to its intrinsic low-latency and low-power features. This paper proposes an integrated approach with physical level design choices to select the most suitable optical network topology, and an adhoc software strategy to improve performance and reduce energy consumption of a tiled CMP architecture. We adopt an all-optical reconfigurable network which has been designed to significantly reduce path-setup latency and energy consumption. Specifically the optimization aims at distributing the traffic into the Network on Chip (NoC) in such a way to limit resurce usage conflicts (during path-setups) and have a more uniform utilization of the fast optical resources. On-chip photonics indeed is the key enabler for such a strategy permitting to reach even far destinations with a reduced latency, the same as the closest ones. We investigate performance/power consumption effects on a CMP system and we compare against both a high-performance electronic folded Torus NoC and the standard optical reconfigurable architecture. The optical network improves 7% on average over the electronic counterpart and, especially when using the dedicated software optimization for matching application locality and network features, it reaches about 26% average execution time improvement.
Circulating Monocytes Are Not a Major Reservoir of HIV-1 in Elite Suppressors

ABSTRACT Circulating HIV-1-infected monocytes have been identified in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy and may represent an important barrier to viral eradication. The nature of these cells in HIV-1-infected patients who maintain undetectable viral loads and preserved CD4+ T cell counts without antiretroviral therapy (known as elite controllers or elite suppressors [ES]) is unknown. We describe here infrequent recovery of proviral HIV-1 DNA from circulating monocytes relative to CD4+ T cells in ES, despite permissiveness of these cells to HIV-1 viral entry ex vivo. Thus, monocytes do not appear to be a major reservoir of HIV-1 in ES.
Concept-to-speech synthesis by phonological structure matching

This paper presents a new way of generating synthetic–speech waveforms from a linguistic description. The algorithm is presented as a proposed solution to the speech–generation problem in a concept–to–speech system. Off–line, a database of recorded speech is annotated so as to produce a phonological tree for each sentence in that database. Synthesis is performed by generating a phonological tree called the target tree, and searching the database of trees to find nodes that are the same in both trees. A search strategy using target and concatenation costs is then used to find the optimal sequence of units for the target sentence. This paper explains this algorithm, compares it with existing algorithms, and concludes with a discussion of future directions.
The D2 Antagonist Spiperone Mimics the Effects Deprivation on Mitral/Tufted Cell Odor Response of Olfactory Patterns

Wistar rats had a single nare occluded on postnatal day 30, depriving the ipsilateral olfactory bulb of odor stimulation. The deprivation lasted for either l-2 months (short-term) or 12 months (long-term). As previously reported, deprivation greatly reduced tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (the rate limiting enzyme for dopamine synthesis) in the glomerular layer of the ipsilateral olfactory bulb. The nare was then reopened and odor response patterns of mitral/tufted cells were examined. The proportion of mitral/ tufted cell single-units responding to a single odor was enhanced by deprivation. Furthermore, the proportion of mi
Machine Translation for Human Translators

While machine translation is sometimes sufficient for conveying information across language barriers, many scenarios still require precise human-quality translation that MT is currently unable to deliver. Governments and international organizations such as the United Nations require accurate translations of content dealing with complex geopolitical issues. Community-driven projects such as Wikipedia rely on volunteer translators to bring accurate information to diverse language communities. As the amount of data requiring translation has continued to increase, the idea of using machine translation to improve the speed of human translation has gained interest. In the frequently employed practice of post-editing, a machine translation system outputs an initial translation and a human translator edits it for correctness, ideally saving time over translating from scratch. While general improvements in MT quality have led to productivity gains with this technique, there has been little work on designing translation systems specifically for post-editing. In this work, we propose improvements to key components of statistical machine translation systems aimed at directly reducing the amount of work required from human translators. We propose casting MT for post-editing as an online learning task where new training instances are created as humans edit system output, introducing an online translation model that immediately learns from post-editor feedback. We propose an extended translation feature set that allows this model to learn from multiple translation contexts over time as data sources become more reliable. We propose an automatic evaluation metric that scores hypothesis-reference pairs according to several statistics that are directly interpretable as measuring of postediting effort. Our metric can be used to optimize translation systems in scenarios where standard metrics break down, select optimal system configurations for post-editing, and provide insight into the properties of translation quality that are most important for minimizing editing effort. Our online translation models and evaluation metrics are compatible with standard decoders and optimization algorithms. To evaluate the impact of our post-editing-targeted translation system, we propose a series of experiments that use a web-based framework to collect several types of highly accurate data from human translators. We discuss MT for post-editing as a distinct task and present the results of initial post-editing experiments. We finally outline an experimental setup for collecting valuable data that will be used to evaluate the impact of our online translation models and optimization metrics on human editing requirements.
Epitope mapping of Escherichia coli cell division protein FtsZ with monoclonal antibodies

A fusion between lacZ and ftsZ of Escherichia coli was constructed to obtain a beta-galactosidase-FtsZ fusion protein. This fusion protein was used to raise antibodies against cell division protein FtsZ. Six monoclonal antibodies were obtained, and they reacted with FtsZ from cytoplasm and membrane fractions. The epitopes in FtsZ were localized by studying the reactions of the monoclonal antibodies with fusion proteins truncated at the carboxy terminus and with fragments that were obtained by CNBr cleavage of purified FtsZ. Five different epitopes were defined. Epitopes I and III reacted with the same monoclonal antibody, without showing apparent amino acid homology. Epitope II was defined by monoclonal antibodies that cross-reacted with an unknown cytoplasmic 50-kDa protein not related to FtsZ. Epitopes IV and V were recognized by different monoclonal antibodies. All monoclonal antibodies reacted strongly under native conditions, so it is likely that the five epitopes are situated on the surface of native FtsZ. By using these data and computer analysis, a provisional model of FtsZ is proposed. The FtsZ protein is considered to be globular, with a hydrophobic pocket containing GTP-binding elements. Epitopes I and II are situated on each side of the hydrophobic pocket. Because the carboxy terminus contains epitope V, the carboxy terminus of FtsZ is likely oriented toward the protein's surface.
The Intrafirm Complexity of Systemically Important Financial Institutions

In November, 2011, the Financial Stability Board, in collaboration with the International Monetary Fund, published a list of 29 “systemically important financial institutions” (SIFIs). This designation reflects a concern that the failure of any one of them could have dramatic negative consequences for the global economy and is based on “their size, complexity, and systemic interconnectedness”. While the characteristics of “size” and “systemic interconnectedness” have been the subject of a good deal of quantitative analysis, less attention has been paid to measures of a firm’s “complexity. ” In this paper we take on the challenges of measuring the complexity of a financial institution by exploring the use of the structure of an individual firm’s control hierarchy as a proxy for institutional complexity. The control hierarchy is a network representation of the institution and its subsidiaries. We show that this mathematical representation (and various associated metrics) provides a consistent way to compare the complexity of firms with often very disparate business models and as such may provide the foundation for determining a SIFI designation. By quantifying the level of complexity of a firm, our approach also may prove useful should firms need to reduce their level of complexity either in response to business or regulatory needs. Using a data set containing the control hierarchies of many of the designated SIFIs, we find that between 2011 and 2013, these firms have decreased their level of complexity, perhaps in response to regulatory requirements.
Integrins as target: first phase III trial launches, but questions remain.

C ellular glue, signaling molecule, cancer accessory — scientists have described various functions for the integrin cellular receptors since the 1970s. And now they may be adding another role to the list: For the first time, an integrin as a target for cancer therapy has made it to a phase III clinical trial. Merck KGaA, based in Germany, is sponsoring the trial to test cilengitide, an RGD (arginine – glycine – aspartic acid) peptide targeting an integrin involved in angiogenesis, for the brain cancer glioblastoma. The study, led by Roger Stupp, M.D., at the University of Lausanne Hospital in Lausanne, Switzerland, is currently recruiting more than 500 patients from Asia, Europe, and North America. “Cilengitide is up front, and if it continues to look good, it will be the fi rst drug of this kind to be approved,” said David Cheresh, Ph.D., at the University of California at San Diego in La Jolla, who worked on the early preclinical studies with the drug. But whether more integrin-targeted drugs will appear remains uncertain. One unanswered question about anti-integrin drugs in general concerns their effects on normal cells. What makes integrins a potentially effective cancer therapy target, their key role in cell survival, also makes them a tricky mark because many of the receptors are active in both normal and cancer cells. Also, some preclinical studies suggest that anti-integrin compounds can promote cancerous activity. “The limitation of these drugs could be toxicity,” said Filippo Giancotti, M.D., Ph.D., at the Sloan – Kettering Institute in New York, who studies integrins in normal development and cancer.
Da psicologia social à psicologia societal

The main factor that diferenciates social psychologists beyond the different scientific paradigms is their position in relation to the legitimacy and the necessity of a societal psychology. Its objective was and continuess to be articulate explanationss at the individual level and explanationss of social order, showing howw individuals dispose process that allow them to function in society, and complementarily how social dinamics, particularly interacionists, positionaals or of values general belief systems, guide the working of these processes.
FPGA approach of an adaptive filter for ECG signal processing

The paper presents an implementation of an proposed adaptive filter structure, which use as running support a circuit like Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The proposed method can be used to clean the electrocardiographic (ECG) signals from power line interference in real-time. The Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm is used to update up to twelve coefficients from filter's structure. The design was developed using DE2 platform (Development and Education Board), which include one circuit FPGA type Cyclone II. The provided results concludes that the FPGA approach of proposed LMS adaptive filter structure, which is intended to process in real-time the ECG signal, presents better performances.
Investigation of Tissue-Specific Human Orthologous Alternative Splice Events in Pig

Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA can contribute to differences between tissues or cells either by regulating gene expression or creating proteins with various functions encoded by one gene. The number of investigated alternative splice events in pig has so far been limited. In this study we have investigated alternative splice events detected in humans, in orthologous pig genes. A total of 17 genes with predicted exon skipping events were selected for further studies. The splice events for the selected genes were experimentally verified using real-time quantitative PCR analysis (qPCR) with splice-specific primers in 19 different tissues. The same splice variants as reported in humans were detected in 15 orthologous pig genes, however, the expression pattern predicted in the in silico analyses was only experimentally verified in a few cases. The results support the findings that splice events resulting in preservation of open reading frame are indicative of a functional significance of the splice variants of the gene.
B cells are exquisitely sensitive to central tolerance and receptor editing induced by ultralow affinity, membrane-bound antigen

To assess the sensitivity of B cell tolerance with respect to receptor/autoantigen affinity, we identified low affinity ligands to the 3-83 (anti-major histocompatibility complex class I) antibody and tested the ability of these ligands to induce central and peripheral tolerance in 3-83 transgenic mice. Several class I protein alloforms, including Kbm3 and Dk, showed remarkably low, but detectable, affinity to 3-83. The 3-83 antibody bound Kb with K lambda approximately 2 x 10(5) M-1 and bound 10-fold more weakly to the Kbm3 (K lambda approximately 2 x 10(4) M-1) and Dk antigens. Breeding 3-83 immunoglobulin transgenic mice with mice expressing these ultralow affinity Kbm3 and Dk ligands resulted in virtually complete deletion of the autoreactive B cells from the peripheral lymphoid tissues. These low affinity antigens also induced receptor editing, as measured by elevated RAG mRNA levels in the bone marrow and excess levels of id- variant B cells bearing lambda light chains in the spleen. Reactive class I antigens were also able to mediate deletion of mature B cells when injected into the peritoneal cavity of 3-83 transgenic mice. Although the highest affinity ligand, Kk, was consistently able to induce elimination of the 3-83 peritoneal B cells, the lower affinity ligands were only partially effective. These results demonstrate the remarkable sensitivity of the deletion and receptor-editing mechanisms in immature B cells, and may suggest a higher affinity threshold for deletion of peripheral, mature B cells.
Energy Normalization for Pose-Invariant Face Recognition Based on MRF Model Image Matching

A pose-invariant face recognition system based on an image matching method formulated on MRFs is presented. The method uses the energy of the established match between a pair of images as a measure of goodness-of-match. The method can tolerate moderate global spatial transformations between the gallery and the test images and alleviate the need for geometric preprocessing of facial images by encapsulating a registration step as part of the system. It requires no training on nonfrontal face images. A number of innovations, such as a dynamic block size and block shape adaptation, as well as label pruning and error prewhitening measures have been introduced to increase the effectiveness of the approach. The experimental evaluation of the method is performed on two publicly available databases. First, the method is tested on the rotation shots of the XM2VTS data set in a verification scenario. Next, the evaluation is conducted in an identification scenario on the CMU-PIE database. The method compares favorably with the existing 2D or 3D generative model-based methods on both databases in both identification and verification scenarios.
Membrane filtration media for the enumeration of coliform organisms and Escherichia coli in water: comparison of Tergitol 7 and lauryl sulphate with Teepol 610

SUMMARY In a multi-laboratory trial with the mombrane filtration technique, three surfactants – Teepol 610 (T610), Tergitol 7 (T7) and sodium lauryl sulphate (LS) – were compared in media for the enumeration of coliform organisms and Escherichia coli in water. A total of 170 samples of water (87 raw and 92 marginally chlorinated) were examined for colony counts of coliform organisms, and 185 water samples (94 raw and 91 marginally chlorinated) for E. coli. Slight differences in the confirmed colony counts between the three media were noted, but few of these were observed consistently in every laboratory. In most laboratories, T7 gave slightly higher counts of E. coli than LS with chlorinated waters; a higher incidence of false-positive results for E. coli at 44 °C was also noted with T7. As there were no outstanding differences in the trial, sodium lauryl sulphate, which is chemically defined, cheap and readily available, is therefore recommended for use at a concentration of 0·1% instead of Teepol 610 in the standard medium for the enumeration of coliform organisms and E. coli in water by the membrane filtration technique.