Development of scales for barriers to participation and preference factors in the use of recreation area Rekreasyon alanı kullanımına ilişkin katılım engelleri ve tercih etkenleri ölçeklerinin geliştirilmesi

Recreation areas have lately been becoming popular owing to advancement of modern technology and modern urbanization. Decrease in natural movement patterns of humans, busy work schedules and health problems caused by these factors have made recreation areas more important day by day. The current study was undertaken to develop reliable and valid Likert type scales that would explore factors that prevent inhabitants from participating in recreation area and that affect their preferences in choosing recreation area built by municipalities. The scales were administered to a total of 580 subjects; 320 subjects were used for Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) while 260 subjects were used for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) [18-55 age (=28.34, sd=9.90), 55.7% (323) female subjects]. As a result of EFA, it was identified that both scales were clustered under five subscales and their total variance explanation ratio was 56.35% for preferences for recreation area while it was 71.23% for barriers to participation in recreation area. Goodness of fit was proved to be enough for CFA accomplished for the scales following EFA and therefore it was possible to argue that the model was statistically significant. Correlations between dimensions were calculated through Spearman-Brown correlation coefficients. Although there were significant correlations between dimensions; their values were found to be lower and moderate. Correlation values indicated that subscales that were clustered under EFA and CFA presented different constructs. Through correlation values obtained; it might be suggested that construct validity of both scales was at a sufficient level. Ozet Rekreasyon alanlari, modern teknolojinin gelismesine ve kentlesmeye bagli olarak son yillarda adindan siklikla soz ettirir hale gelmistir. Insanoglunun dogal hareketlerinde meydana gelen azalmalar, yogun calisma saatleri ve bunlarin beraberinde getirdigi saglik sorunlari, rekreasyon alanlarinin her gecen gun onem kazanmasina yol acmistir. Bu calismada belediyeler tarafindan yaptirilan rekreasyon alani tercihinde etkili olan ve rekreasyon alanlarina katilimi engelleyen faktorlere iliskin likert tipi gecerli ve guvenilir bir olcek gelistirmek amaclanmistir. Olcek Aciklayici Faktor Analizi (AFA) icin 320, Dogrulayici Faktor Analizi (DFA) icin 260 olmak uzere toplam 580 [18-55 yas ( =28.34, ss=9.90), %55.7 (323)’si kadin] bireye uygulanmistir. Yapilan AFA neticesinde her iki olcegin de 5 boyut altinda toplandigi ve toplam varyans aciklama oraninin rekreasyon alani tercih etkenlerinde % 56.35, rekreasyon alani katilim engellerinde ise %71.23 oldugu saptanmistir. Olceklere iliskin AFA sonrasi yapilan DFA icin uyum iyiligi degerlerinin yeterli oldugunu, dolayisiyla modelin istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir model oldugunu soylemek mumkundur. Boyutlar arasi korelasyon Spearman-Brown korelasyon katsayisi ile hesaplanmistir. Her ne kadar boyutlar arasinda anlamli korelasyonlar olsa da deger olarak dusuk ve orta duzeyde olduklari gorulmektedir. Korelasyon degerleri AFA ve DFA’da ortaya cikan alt boyutlarin ayri birer yapi olusturdugu sonucunu gostermektedir. Elde edilen korelasyon degerleri her iki olcegin yapi gecerliginin yeterli duzeyde oldugu seklinde yorumlanabilir.