Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
I need you, you need me: a model of initiated task interdependence

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to address two gaps in the existing literature. The first is why some team members have peers depend on them for material, information, and support (referred to as initiated task interdependence) more so than do others, ceteris paribus. The second is the appropriateness of initiated interdependence given a team's composition.Design/methodology/approach – In an ex post facto field study, task interdependence in 267 members of 18 intact teams were examined. The teams worked on complex and inherently interdependent tasks in a high‐technology manufacturing organization.Findings – Whether team members perceived initiated task interdependence was explained by the degree to which members themselves depend on their peers (received interdependence), team members' belief in the value of teamwork, and team members' self‐efficacy for teamwork. As predicted, both collectivism and past job performance were associated with self‐efficacy for teamwork. The relationship between initia.
Reconciling the effects of mutual visibility on gesturing: A review

Fourteen visibility experiments, which compared the overall rate of gesturing when participants could or could not see each other, have produced perfectly contradictory results: Seven found a significantly higher overall gesture rate in the visible condition, and seven found no significant difference. Experiments that used quasi-dialogues in which the addressees’ responses were experimentally constrained (e.g., using a confederate) found a significant difference; the experiments that used free dialogues did not. This review examined three possible explanations and found that (1) the use of quasi-dialogues did not ensure better experimental control, (2) the constrained addressees may have introduced a confound that could account for the significant difference, and (3) although mutual visibility did not affect the overall gesture rate in free dialogues, it significantly increased more specific features of gestures that are useful to addressees. These findings raise several issues about the utility of conventional visibility designs for understanding conversational gestures.
Does photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles correspond to photo-cytotoxicity? Cellular uptake of TiO2 nanoparticles is important in their photo-cytotoxicity

Abstract Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are important industrial nano-objects with wide applications, including as photocatalysts and sunscreen components. Recently, the phototoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles has been a concern. However, phototoxicity caused by photocatalytic activity may differ between anatase and rutile nanoparticles. In the present study, we compared the phototoxicity of anatase and rutile nanoparticles. Human keratinocyte HaCaT cells were treated with stable TiO2 nanoparticle suspensions. Without UVA irradiation, TiO2 nanoparticles did not affect mitochondrial activity or cell membranes. However, exposure to rutile nanoparticle suspensions inhibited cell growth and induced HO-1 gene expression without UVA irradiation. These effects may be explained by the hydrophobic surface of rutile nanoparticles. Next, TiO2-exposed cells were irradiated with UVA for 4 h and effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on cells were examined. The rutile nanoparticles did not show any cellular effects after UVA irradiation. However, the anatase nanoparticles caused strong phototoxicity. Decreased mitochondrial activity, cell membrane damage and the induction of oxidative stress were observed in the cells exposed to anatase nanoparticles with UVA irradiation. Cellular uptake of the nanoparticles was observed in both anatase- and rutile-exposed cells. These results suggest that internalized anatase nanoparticles are important for phototoxicity. Additionally, the exposure of a 3D skin model to TiO2 nanoparticles did not result in significant toxicity. In conclusion, rutile nanoparticles used in sunscreen did not exhibit phototoxic activity. Despite the strong phototoxic activity of anatase nanoparticles in cell cultures, they demonstrated no phototoxicity using a 3D skin model.
Diverse phosphorylation patterns of B cell receptor-associated signaling in naïve and memory human B cells revealed by phosphoflow, a powerful technique to study signaling at the single cell level

Following interaction with cognate antigens, B cells undergo cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. Ligation of the B cell receptor (BCR) leads to the phosphorylation of BCR-associated signaling proteins within minutes of antigen binding, a process with profound consequences for the fate of the cells and development of effector immunity. Phosphoflow allows a rapid evaluation of various signaling pathways in complex heterogenous cell subsets. This novel technique was used in combination with multi-chromatic flow cytometry (FC) and fluorescent-cell barcoding (FCB) to study phosphorylation of BCR-associated signaling pathways in naïve and memory human B cell subsets. Proteins of the initiation (Syk), propagation (Btk, Akt), and integration (p38MAPK and Erk1/2) signaling units were studied. Switched memory (Sm) CD27+ and Sm CD27− phosphorylation patterns were similar when stimulated with anti-IgA or -IgG. In contrast, naïve and unswitched memory (Um) cells showed significant differences following IgM stimulation. Enhanced phosphorylation of Syk was observed in Um cells, suggesting a lower activation threshold. This is likely the result of higher amounts of IgM on the cell surface, higher pan-Syk levels, and enhanced susceptibility to phosphatase inhibition. All other signaling proteins evaluated also showed some degree of enhanced phosphorylation in Um cells. Furthermore, both the phospholipase C-γ2 (PLC-γ2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways were activated in Um cells, while only the PI3K pathway was activated on naïve cells. Um cells were the only ones that activated signaling pathways when stimulated with fluorescently labeled S. Typhi and S. pneumoniae. Finally, simultaneous evaluation of signaling proteins at the single cell level (multiphosphorylated cells) revealed that interaction with gram positive and negative bacteria resulted in complex and diverse signaling patterns. Phosphoflow holds great potential to accelerate vaccine development by identifying signaling profiles in good/poor responders.
Specific antibody levels and antigenic recognition of Wistar rats inoculated with distinct isolates of Trypanosoma evansi.

"Mal de Cadeiras", an enzootic disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi, is one of the most important trypanosomiases in the Brazilian Pantanal region. The disease affects mainly horses, which are widely used in extensive cattle production, an activity of greatest economical significance for the region. The parasite also infects sylvan (coatis and capybaras) and domestic (dogs) animals, respectively considered wild and domestic reservoirs of T. evansi. For a better understanding of the interaction of T. evansi with its rodent host, we evaluated the differences in the specific antibody level patterns and in the parasitic peptides recognition patterns of experimentally infected Wistar rats. The rats experimentally infected with T. evansi isolates obtained from coatis, dogs and horses were submitted to indirect immunofluorescence test (IgM e IgG) and Western blotting. The serological titers for IgM and IgG ranged between 1:40 and 1:160. The most recognized polypeptide profiles were in a range of 17 and 74 kDa. Our data suggest that the humoral immune response in Wistar rats is not sufficient for granting an effective control of T. evansi infections.
Prevalence of depression and validation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Children's Depression Inventory-Short amongst HIV-positive adolescents in Malawi

There is a remarkable dearth of evidence on mental illness in adolescents living with HIV/AIDS, particularly in the African setting. Furthermore, there are few studies in sub‐Saharan Africa validating the psychometric properties of diagnostic and screening tools for depression amongst adolescents. The primary aim of this cross‐sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of depression amongst a sample of HIV‐positive adolescents in Malawi. The secondary aim was to develop culturally adapted Chichewa versions of the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) and Children's Depression Inventory‐II‐Short (CDI‐II‐S) and conduct a psychometric evaluation of these measures by evaluating their performance against a structured depression assessment using the Children's Rating Scale, Revised (CDRS‐R).
Can Politics Practice Compassion?

On realist terms, politics is about power, security, and order, and the question of whether politics can practice compassion is irrelevant. The author argues that a politics of compassion is possible and necessary in order to address human security needs. She extend debates on care ethics to develop a politics of compassion, using the example of asylum seekers to demonstrate that politics can practice compassion with (1) attentiveness to the needs of vulnerable people who are suffering, (2) an active listening to the voices of the vulnerable, and (3) open, compassionate, and appropriate responses to particular needs.
Fisheries and Hydrography of Baitarini at Jajpur , Odisha , East Coast of India

Investigation on the hydrography and fish fauna were undertaken from a period of February to September, 2012 at selective locations in river Baitarini, Jajpur. Twenty eight species of fish belonging to six orders, eleven families and nineteen genera were collected. Order Cypriniformes was most dominant constituting 33.33% followed by Siluriformes (30.3%), Perciformes (12.12%) and others like Mugiliformes, Osteoglossiformes and Synbranchiformes. Of the total fish species Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Labeo calbasu, Ompok pabda, Puntius sophore, crustaceans (Macrobranchium rosenbergii and Macrobranchium malcolmsonii) were abundantly found. Results of hierarchical clustering using group average linking for water quality parameters revealed two main clusters of stations based on similarities/dissimilarities of physicochemical hydrological parameters.
[Anxiety and depression].

Anxiety and depression disorders are the biggest mental health hazards of our time and in many ways closely related. The first anxiety disorder episodes emerge during childhood, while the first depression episodes more typically emerge in adolescence. Such early episodes are highly predictive for lifespan developments. This chapter reviews literature on dynamic system perspectives on anxiety and depression across scales of temporal resolution, from affect and highly contextualized emotion episodes to more persistent moods that evaluate the world as a whole, and the personality traits anxiety and depression that capture thematic recurrences of feelings, thoughts and behavior along the lifespan and how people talk about themselves. These various processes are intimately connected via their self-organizing and dynamic nature and circular causality, which demonstrates how dynamic system perspectives can help us to understand anxiety and depression across the lifespan.
The correlation between run-up and repose times of volcanic eruptions

Volcanoes commonly make precursory signals before an eruption. The intensity of those precursory phenomena vary substantially in size and duration for different volcano. The precursors are thought to be related to magma ascent beneath the volcanic edifice. So a measure of the time of the precursory activity, or run-up time ( t), should be related to the dynamics of magma ascent and so to the magma viscosity. Another observable strongly related to the magma viscosity is the interevent repose time (r). The time between eruptions is controlled by the recharge of the magma chamber and the accumulation of pressure. Both of these processes are also sensitive to magma viscosity. In this study, we investigate the relationship among repose time, run-up time and viscosity by using welldocumented eruptions around the world during the last 60 years to compile a database of 54 eruptions. Since the details of the magma viscosity are subject to large uncertainties, we use a large dataset which encompasses extreme variations and enables us to use silica content as a first-order proxy for gross viscosity differences. Thus we have a data set where viscosity of the magma varies by 7 orders of magnitude and thus becomes the most dominant parameter in the system. The data collected show a strong correlation between run-up times and repose times and magma viscosity; fitting the data with a regression line we have: log( t)= 1.1log(r) -3.5 the slope significantly greater than zero at the 99% confidence level (P-value<0.01). We observe that repose time is approximately 10 4 x viscosity and run-up time is 10 x viscosity. The correlation between run-up time and viscosity is well-predicted by a model of diking where the propagation velocity of magma moving toward the surface is controlled by a combination of viscous flow and brittle failure of the crust. The repose time is less precisely modeled, but is consistent with magma recharge models inferred in previous published works. This strong correlation between precursory activity, repose phase and magma chemical composition could be very useful to put some constraint on the eruption behavior both for physical modeling the eruptive dynamics and for a probabilistic volcanic hazard assessment.
INHIBITION OF SPECIFIC CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY BY ANTI-T-CELL RECEPTOR ANTIBODY

The present study describes a method for the production of a specific anti-T-cell receptor antiserum, and characteristics of its ability to block specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Immunization and antiserum adsorption procedures were designed to select for idiotypic differences in the recognition units of C3H lymphocytes immune to two different strains of mouse cells, such that the reactivity of only one population of effector cells is inhibited by this antiserum. Both in vivo and in vitro sensitized effector T cells are subject to this inhibition. That the site of the antiserum blockade is clearly on the effector cell and not on the target cell is demonstrated.
User Community vs. Producer Innovation Development Efficiency: A First Empirical Study

In this paper we report upon a first empirical exploration of the relative efficiency of innovation development by product users vs. product producers. In a study of over 50 years of product innovation in the whitewater kayaking field, we find users in aggregate were approximately 3× more efficient at developing important kayaking product innovations than were producers in aggregate. We speculate that this result is driven by what we term “efficiencies of scope” in problem-solving. These can favor an aggregation of many user innovators, each spending a little, over fewer producer innovators benefitting from higher economies of scale in product development. We also note that the present study explores only one initial point on what is likely to be a complex efficiency landscape.
Introduction and initial exploration of an Active/Passive Exoskeleton framework for portable assistance

Assistive devices such as exoskeletons are capable of providing rehabilitative improvement and independence for individuals suffering from musculoskeletal conditions. Typical devices use either active assistance methods such as DC motors or passive methods such as springs. Active methods require a continuous power input, while passive methods are limited by user capability. This work introduces an Active/Passive EXoskeleton (APEX) framework. This device can passively provide continuous assistance, only requiring energy to change the dynamic properties of the passive state. The first prototype (APEX-α) is introduced and tested on six healthy subjects who performed hammer curls. It was found that changes in the passive state of the APEX-α affect the number of curls performed by an individual. By changing the passive state of the exoskeleton, increases in curl count of 65 - 92% were observed. This indicates the potential for such devices to provide assistance to an individual through the use of lightweight, energy efficient active/passive actuators.
Global convergence rate of incremental aggregated gradient methods for nonsmooth problems

We analyze the proximal incremental aggregated gradient (PIAG) method for minimizing the sum of a large number of smooth component functions f(x) = Σi=1m fi(x) and a convex function r(x). Such composite optimization problems arise in a number of machine learning applications including regularized regression problems and constrained distributed optimization problems over sensor networks. Our method computes an approximate gradient for the function f(x) by aggregating the component gradients evaluated at outdated iterates over a finite window K and uses a proximal operator with respect to the regularization function r(x) at the intermediate iterate obtained by moving along the approximate gradient. Under the assumptions that f(x) is strongly convex and each fi(x) is smooth with Lipschitz gradients, we show the first linear convergence rate result for the PIAG method and provide explicit convergence rate estimates that highlight the dependence on the condition number of the problem and the size of the window K over which outdated component gradients are evaluated.
O caminho se faz ao caminhar: atuações em Psicologia Escolar

A Psicologia Escolar viveu um momento de critica aos seus moldes tradicionais de atuacao - baseados no diagnostico e tratamento. Atualmente vem sendo priorizadas praticas comprometidas com a qualidade da educacao. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer praticas de psicologos que atuam em secretarias de educacao em 98 municipios de Minas Gerais. Por meio de questionarios e entrevistas, foram buscadas informacoes sobre a historia do servico, a estrutura e as condicoes de trabalho, a atuacao profissional e a fundamentacao teorica adotada. Este artigo baseia-se em duas entrevistas e apresenta a pratica de psicologos que estao em consonância com a Psicologia Escolar Critica. Considera-se que importantes praticas vem sendo desenvolvidas no sentido de que a Psicologia contribua para que a escola seja efetivamente espaco de humanizacao e apropriacao do conhecimento, porem e relevante que haja politicas publicas que melhorem as condicoes de trabalho e ampliem as possibilidades de atuacao do psicologo nas instituicoes educacionais.
Control of Insulin Secretion by Production of Reactive Oxygen Species: Study Performed in Pancreatic Islets from Fed and 48-Hour Fasted Wistar Rats

Mitochondria and NADPH oxidase are important sources of reactive oxygen species in particular the superoxide radical (ROS) in pancreatic islets. These molecules derived from molecular oxygen are involved in pancreatic β-cells signaling and control of insulin secretion. We examined the involvement of ROS produced through NADPH oxidase in the leucine- and/or glucose-induced insulin secretion by pancreatic islets from fed or 48-hour fasted rats. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in isolated islets was evaluated at low (2.8 mM) or high (16.7 mM) glucose concentrations in the presence or absence of leucine (20 mM) and/or NADPH oxidase inhibitors (VAS2870–20 μM or diphenylene iodonium—DPI—5 μM). ROS production was determined in islets treated with dihydroethidium (DHE) or MitoSOX Red reagent for 20 min and dispersed for fluorescence measurement by flow cytometry. NADPH content variation was examined in INS-1E cells (an insulin secreting cell line) after incubation in the presence of glucose (2.8 or 16.7 mM) and leucine (20 mM). At 2.8 mM glucose, VAS2870 and DPI reduced net ROS production (by 30%) and increased GSIS (by 70%) in a negative correlation manner (r = -0.93). At 16.7 mM glucose or 20 mM leucine, both NADPH oxidase inhibitors did not alter insulin secretion neither net ROS production. Pentose phosphate pathway inhibition by treatment with DHEA (75 μM) at low glucose led to an increase in net ROS production in pancreatic islets from fed rats (by 40%) and induced a marked increase (by 144%) in islets from 48-hour fasted rats. The NADPH/NADP+ ratio was increased when INS-1E cells were exposed to high glucose (by 4.3-fold) or leucine (by 3-fold). In conclusion, increased ROS production through NADPH oxidase prevents the occurrence of hypoglycemia in fasting conditions, however, in the presence of high glucose or high leucine levels, the increased production of NADPH and the consequent enhancement of the activity of the antioxidant defenses mitigate the excess of ROS production and allow the secretory process of insulin to take place.
Optimizing Two Sided Promotion for IS Enabled Transportation Network: A Conditional Bayesian Learning Model

This paper investigates a typical two-sided micro-level business model of IS enabled transportation network. Specifically, we focus on how two-sided sales promotion interacts with users’ learning about attribute, and measure the effectiveness of sales promotion for their platform introductions. Our paper applies Bayesian learning model with an extension to account for multiple serial unobserved correlation. We find the measurable evidence of taxi driver’s learning about order commitment and payment methods of passenger. We furtherly identify that the attribute value of transportation network is undervalued in prior, which indicates that intensive promotion would not only attract user instantly, but also enhance user learning in long run. We name the effect on adoption rate driven by user learning as indirect effect of sales promotion. By running simulations, we quantify the indirect effect of sales promotion explicitly, and furtherly propose more efficient sales promotion strategy as managerial implication for industry.
FPGA-based controllers for switching converters

This paper presents a FPGA-based digital control for a DC-DC converter. The main difference from DSP-based solution is that FPGA allows simultaneous execution of all control procedures, enabling high performance and novel control methods. The control algorithm has been developed using a VHDL language or CAD state graphical approach based on the use of logical state diagram. The FPGA switching controller has been designed as simple as possible while maintaining good accuracy and dynamic response. A sliding mode switching controller via Lyapunov design presented in this paper has been implemented on a SPARTAN 3 for a prototype buck converter. The high computation power of FPGA allows digital implementation of more advanced control algorithms such as sliding mode controller. Simulations and experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed method, opening interesting possibilities in motion and power electronics converter control.
The problem of engaging men in child protection work

Kieran O'Hagan is Reader in Social Work in the Department of Social Work at the Queen's University of Belfast. He worked in social services departments in England for nearly twenty years, before taking up an academic appointment. His last social work practice post was Principal Case Worker (Child Abuse), in Leeds. He has had many social work publications, including five books. He has been a guest lecturer in Victoria, Australia, and was twice winner of the Community Care Travel Scholarship. He com pleted social work placements in Calcutta and Los Angeles.