Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NEW EVIDENCE FOR EFFICIENT COLLISIONLESS HEATING OF ELECTRONS AT THE REVERSE SHOCK OF A YOUNG SUPERNOVA REMNANT

Although collisionless shocks are ubiquitous in astrophysics, certain key aspects of them are not well understood. In particular, the process known as collisionless electron heating, whereby electrons are rapidly energized at the shock front, is one of the main open issues in shock physics. Here, we present the first clear evidence for efficient collisionless electron heating at the reverse shock of Tycho's supernova remnant (SNR), revealed by Fe K diagnostics using high-quality X-ray data obtained by the Suzaku satellite. We detect Kβ (3p → 1s) fluorescence emission from low-ionization Fe ejecta excited by energetic thermal electrons at the reverse shock front, which peaks at a smaller radius than Fe Kα (2p → 1s) emission dominated by a relatively highly ionized component. Comparisons with our hydrodynamical simulations imply instantaneous electron heating to a temperature 1000 times higher than expected from Coulomb collisions alone. The unique environment of the reverse shock, which is propagating with a high Mach number into rarefied ejecta with a low magnetic field strength, puts strong constraints on the physical mechanism responsible for this heating and favors a cross-shock potential created by charge deflection at the shock front. Our sensitive observation also reveals that the reverse shock radius of this SNR is about 10% smaller than the previous measurement using the Fe Kα morphology from the Chandra observations. Since strong Fe Kβ fluorescence is expected only from low-ionization plasma where Fe ions still have many 3p electrons, this feature is key to diagnosing the plasma state and distribution of the immediate postshock ejecta in a young SNR.
Visual Attribute-augmented Three-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network for Enhanced Human Action Recognition

Visual attributes in individual video frames, such as the presence of characteristic objects and scenes, offer substantial information for action recognition in videos. With individual 2D video frame as input, visual attributes extraction could be achieved effectively and efficiently with more sophisticated convolutional neural network than current 3D CNNs with spatio-temporal filters, thanks to fewer parameters in 2D CNNs. In this paper, the integration of visual attributes (including detection, encoding and classification) into multi-stream 3D CNN is proposed for action recognition in trimmed videos, with the proposed visual Attribute-augmented 3D CNN (A3D) framework. The visual attribute pipeline includes an object detection network, an attributes encoding network and a classification network. Our proposed A3D framework achieves state-of-the-art performance on both the HMDB51 and the UCF101 datasets.
Anomaly Detection on Collective Moving Patterns: Manifold Learning Based Analysis of Traffic Streams

Some special natural and social events like natural disasters, terrorism attacks, and traffic accidents may have remarkable effect on people's collective behaviors, which means the behaviors of a large number of people viewed as a whole. Analysis of the patterns of collective behaviors in the sense of data mining is an important topic. Solving this problem is crucial and practical in that online detection of abnormal patterns of people's collective behaviors may lead to rapid response to emergent affairs. In terms of technology, the task can be regarded as detection of abnormal particle movement patterns from a global point of view. In this study, we propose a solution to solve this problem. First, the traffic flows observed by more than 4000 sensors are organized as high-dimensional time series. Second, a widely used manifold learning technique referred to as locally linear embedding (LLE) is used to compute the K coefficients in fitting every data point with its K nearest neighbors in the high-dimensional s ce, which can be regarded as a K-dimensional local feature associated with every data point. Then, the local features of the data points within a time window are summarized by using principal component analysis (PCA) to obtain a global feature to represent the traffic data in every time window. Finally, outlier detection is performed on such PCALLE feature space. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect abnormal traffic patterns, which correspond with some special days, like the New Year day, the national day of America, and some days with extreme weather.
Does time of day of measurement influence responses on alcohol expectancy scales

Woldt, Bradley Dwaine, M.A., June, 1991 Clinical Psychology Does Time of Day of Measurement Influence Responses on Alcohol Expectancy Scales? _ ^ Director; John R. Bradley, Ph.Di-y This study investigated whether the time of day of measurement Influences responses on alcohol expectancy scales. The stability of the beliefs that individuals report regarding alcohol's emotional, motivational, and behavioral effects were assessed for methodological and conceptual purposes. Specifically, light-social and heavier-problem drinking groups were compared to determine if alcohol expectancies change in ruleful ways from morning to evening. Light drinkers were hypothesized to report relatively consistent expectancy patterns over the course of the day. Heavy drinkers' incentive motivation to drink alcohol was expected to be influenced by the time-of-day, and a corresponding change in alcohol expectancies was anticipated. The subjects consisted of 289 female and 221 male university students enrolled in an introductory psychology course. Questionnaires were administered during several mid-week sessions over the course of a school year in university classrooms. One-half of the subjects attended the morning session first and then the evening session. The other onehalf of the subjects attended the evening session first and then the following morning session. Subjects were grouped by their responses on an alcohol quantity/frequencey consumption index into drinking categories. Groups of light and heavy drinkers, each consisting of 50 female and 50 male drinkers, were randomly selected for repeated measures univariate analysis of variance to assess expectancy changes over the time of day of measurement. Results indicated that individuals tend to report generally stable alcohol expectancies over the time of day in the same setting (i.e., a university classroom) regardless of the subjects' drinking-level category. Therefore, the time of day of measurement of alcohol expectancies may make little contribution when an attempt is made to clarify the equivocal results obtained from previous research concerning the prediction of drinking behavior from expectancies. However, there may be some support that limited domains of expectancies change from morning to evening for drinkers in general. Greater relaxation and tension reduction, social assertiveness, and enhanced sexual experience and pleasure, as well as increased expectations of cognitive and physical impairment, were found to be more likely in the evening than in the morning. These findings and their implications are discussed in terms of sociocultural influences on alcohol consumption.
The Relationship between Vitamin D Deficiency and Nonspecific Shin Pain in the Elderly; A Case-control Study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lower extremity pain is an important cause of impaired physical activity and the incidence of disability in the elderly. Since vitamin D plays a role in bone metabolism, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and shinbone pain and sensitivity in the elderly. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted among patients who referred to the hospital because of nonspecific pain localized to the anterior surface of shin for 6 weeks and above and aged 50 years and above. The problem was confirmed during clinical examination with the examiner's finger pressure on the Tibia. The same-age control subjects were chosen from among patients without shin pain. The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was measured using ELISA method and 25OHD<20 ng/m was considered deficiency. FINDINGS: In this research, 80 patients with mean age of 61±8.2 years and 59 control subjects with mean age of 62.3±9.1 years were studied. The level of 25OHD in patients was lower than control subjects (21±16 versus 37.4±21.6 ng/ml) (p=0.001), while BMI in patients was significantly higher than control subjects (p=0.001). Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between vitamin D deficiency and shin pain (OR=15.3 [8.5-40]), which was more severe among men. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the resent study, the elderly patients with local pain and unexplained shin pain need to be examined in terms of vitamin D status and need to be treated in case of deficiency.
Multi-View Semantic Labeling of 3D Point Clouds for Automated Plant Phenotyping

Semantic labeling of 3D point clouds is important for the derivation of 3D models from real world scenarios in several economic fields such as building industry, facility management, town planning or heritage conservation. In contrast to these most common applications, we describe in this study the semantic labeling of 3D point clouds derived from plant organs by high-precision scanning. Our approach is optimized for the task of plant phenotyping with its very specific challenges and is employing a deep learning framework. Thereby, we report important experiences concerning detailed parameter initialization and optimization techniques. By evaluating our approach with challenging datasets we achieve state-of-the-art results without difficult and time consuming feature engineering as being necessary in traditional approaches to semantic labeling.
The art of cardiovascular risk assessment

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in the United States. Healthcare expenditures have been principally allocated toward treatment of CVD at the end of the health/disease continuum, rather than toward health promotion and disease prevention. A focused effort on both primordial and primary prevention can promote cardiovascular health and reduce the burden of CVD. Risk‐factor assessment for predicting atherosclerotic CVD events serves as the foundation of preventive cardiology and has been driven by population‐based scoring algorithms based on traditional risk factors. Incorporating individual nontraditional risk factors, biomarkers, and selective use of noninvasive measures may help identify more at‐risk patients as well as truly low‐risk individuals, allowing for better targeting of treatment intensity. Using a combination of validated population‐based atherosclerotic CVD risk‐assessment tools, nontraditional risk factors, social health determinants, and novel markers of atherosclerotic disease, we should be able to improve our ability to assess CVD risk. Through scientific evidence, clinical judgment, and discussion between the patient and clinician, we can implement an effective evidence‐based strategy to assess and reduce CVD risk.
Use of a GP-endorsed 12 months’ reminder letter to promote uptake of bowel scope screening: protocol for a randomised controlled trial in a hard-to-reach population

Introduction Flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening is associated with reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality when offered as a one-off test to men and women aged 55–64. The test, also referred to as the ‘bowel scope screening’ (BSS) test, was added to England’s national Bowel Cancer Screening Programme in March 2013, where it is offered to men and women aged 55. Since its implementation, uptake of the BSS test has been low, with only 43% of the eligible population attending an appointment. Sending non-participants a reminder at age 56 has been shown to improve uptake by up to nine percentage points at a single centre in London; we hypothesise that adding a general practitioners (GPs) endorsement to the reminder could improve uptake even further. Methods and analysis This paper describes the protocol for a randomised controlled trial which will examine the effectiveness of adding a GPs endorsement to a reminder for BSS non-participants aged 56. All screening-eligible adults who have not responded to a BSS appointment at London North West Healthcare NHS Trust within 12 months of their initial invitation will be randomised to receive either a GP-endorsed reminder letter or reminder letter without GP endorsement. The primary outcome will be the proportion of individuals screened within each group 8 weeks after the reminder. Statistical comparisons will be made using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, with ‘uptake’ as the outcome variable, GP reminder group as the exposure and sociodemographic variables as covariates. Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the Yorkshire & Humber—Bradford Leeds Research Ethics Committee (16/YH/0298) and the Confidentiality Advisory Group (17/CAG/0162). The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal in accordance with the Consort statement and will be made available to the public. Trial registration number ISRCTN82867861
Complete Genomic Analysis of a Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolate Cultured From Ready-to-Eat Pork in China Carrying One Large Plasmid Containing mcr-1

One mcr-1-carrying ST34-type Salmonella Typhimurium WW012 was cultured from 3,200 ready-to-eat (RTE) pork samples in 2014 in China. Broth dilution method was applied to obtain the antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium WW012. Broth matting assays were carried out to detect transferability of this phenotype and whole-genome sequencing was performed to analyze its genomic characteristic. Thirty out of 3,200 RTE samples were positive for Salmonella and the three most frequent serotypes were identified as S. Derby (n = 8), S. Typhimurium (n = 6), and S. Enteritidis (n = 6). One S. Typhimurium isolate (S. Typhimurium WW012) cultured from RTE prepared pork was found to contain the mcr-1 gene. S. Typhimurium WW012 expressed a level of high resistance to seven different antimicrobial compounds in addition to colistin (MIC = 8 mg/L). A single plasmid, pWW012 (151,609-bp) was identified and found to be of an IncHI2/HI2A type that encoded a mcr-1 gene along with six additional antimicrobial resistance genes. Plasmid pWW012 contained an IS30-mcr-1-orf-orf-IS30 composite transposon that can be successfully transferred to Escherichia coli J53. When assessed further, the latter demonstrated considerable similarity to three plasmids pHYEC7-mcr-1, pSCC4, and pHNSHP45-2, respectively. Furthermore, plasmid pWW012 also contained a multidrug resistance (MDR) genetic structure IS26-aadA2-cmlA2-aadA1-IS406-sul3-IS26-dfrA12-aadA2-IS26, which showed high similarity to two plasmids, pHNLDF400 and pHNSHP45-2, respectively. Moreover, genes mapping to the chromosome (4,991,167-bp) were found to carry 28 mutations, related to two component regulatory systems (pmrAB, phoPQ) leading to modifications of lipid A component of the lipopolysaccharide structure. Additionally, one mutation (D87N) in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) gene of gyrA was identified in this mcr-1 harboring S. Typhimurium. In addition, various virulence factors and heavy metal resistance-encoding genes were also identified on the genome of S. Typhimurium WW012. This is the first report of the complete nucleotide sequence of mcr-1-carrying MDR S. Typhimurium strain from RTE pork in China.
Comparison of ACO-OFDM and DCO-OFDM in IM/DD Systems

In this paper the two Optical Wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques in intensity modulated/direct detection (IM/DD) optical systems are compared. These are asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) and DC biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM). The comparison is done by the analysis of BER versus SNR of ACO-OFDM and DCO-OFDM for intensity-modulated directdetection systems. DCO-OFDM is less efficient in terms of optical power than ACO-OFDM for lower SNR value. But for higher SNR values it is power efficient. This is because the DC bias used in DCO-OFDM is inefficient in terms of optical power, while the use of only half of the subcarriers to carry data in ACO-OFDM is inefficient in terms of bandwidth. Keywords—ACO-OFDM, DCO-OFDM, IM/DD, optical systems.
Validation of the Living Kidney Donor Profile Index in a European cohort and comparison of long-term outcomes with US results.

BACKGROUND Recently, a risk index for living donor kidney (LDK) transplantation [living kidney donor profile index (LKDPI)] was proposed to compare LDKs with each other and with deceased donor kidneys (DDKs). Until now, the LKDPI has not been validated externally. METHODS This long-term retrospective analysis included 1305 consecutive adult kidney transplant recipients who were transplanted 2000-16 in our centre. The Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) was calculated in 889 DDKs and the LKDPI in 416 LDKs. Outcome was followed over a median of 6.5 years. RESULTS The median LKDPI was 17 and the median KDPI was 69, with a high proportion of donor kidneys with a very high KDPI (40% KDPI ≥ 80). Categorization of LDK into LKDPI quartiles (LKDPI -45-3, 3-17, 17-33, 33-90) revealed a significant difference in death-censored graft survival. Comparing corresponding subgroups of the LKDPI and KDPI (LKDPI/KDPI 0-20 or 20-40) showed comparable graft survival. A multivariate analysis adjusting for relevant recipient factors revealed the KDPI [hazard ratio (HR) 1.21; P < 0.001) and LKDPI (HR 1.15; P = 0.049) as significant independent predictors of graft loss. Time-to-event receiver operating characteristic analyses for graft survival demonstrated lower predictive discrimination of the LKDPI [area under the curve (AUC) 0.55] compared with the KDPI (AUC 0.66). The 10-year graft survival of LDK recipients was inferior in the USA compared with our centre (79% versus 84%). CONCLUSIONS These results provide external validation of the LKDPI to predict death-censored graft survival and confirm comparability of the LKDPI with the KDPI to discriminate post-transplant outcome.
MicroRNAs and complex diseases: from experimental results to computational models

Plenty of microRNAs (miRNAs) were discovered at a rapid pace in plants, green algae, viruses and animals. As one of the most important components in the cell, miRNAs play a growing important role in various essential and important biological processes. For the recent few decades, amounts of experimental methods and computational models have been designed and implemented to identify novel miRNA-disease associations. In this review, the functions of miRNAs, miRNA-target interactions, miRNA-disease associations and some important publicly available miRNA-related databases were discussed in detail. Specially, considering the important fact that an increasing number of miRNA-disease associations have been experimentally confirmed, we selected five important miRNA-related human diseases and five crucial disease-related miRNAs and provided corresponding introductions. Identifying disease-related miRNAs has become an important goal of biomedical research, which will accelerate the understanding of disease pathogenesis at the molecular level and molecular tools design for disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Computational models have become an important means for novel miRNA-disease association identification, which could select the most promising miRNA-disease pairs for experimental validation and significantly reduce the time and cost of the biological experiments. Here, we reviewed 20 state-of-the-art computational models of predicting miRNA-disease associations from different perspectives. Finally, we summarized four important factors for the difficulties of predicting potential disease-related miRNAs, the framework of constructing powerful computational models to predict potential miRNA-disease associations including five feasible and important research schemas, and future directions for further development of computational models.
Acupuncture Combined with Hydrotherapy in Diabetes Patients with Mild Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease: A Prospective, Randomized, Nonblinded Clinical Study

Background The aim of this pragmatic study was to explore the intervention of acupuncture combined with hydrotherapy and perceived effects in type 2 diabetic patients with recently diagnosed, mild, lower-extremity arterial disease (LEAD) in comparison with a control group. Material/Methods One hundred twenty-six diabetes patients who were diagnosed mild LEAD according to ankle-brachial blood pressure index (ABPI) and peripheral neuropathy symptom were randomly assigned to either an experimental (n=64) or control group (n=62). The experimental group attended and completed (1) a 30-min session of acupuncture in certain selected points, and (2) a 30-min hydrotherapy exercise every 2 days for 15 weeks. The outcome parameters were assessed at baseline, after intervention, and at 6-week follow-up. Results The intervention was associated with an improvement in leg flow conductance and partial physical capacities, including chair-sit-and-reach, the walking impairment questionnaire (WIQ), and physical component summary score (PCS), compared to the control group. The treatment benefits were sustained throughout the 6-week follow-up endpoint. There was no difference in fasting glucose levels, Hb1Ac, blood pressure, or BMI after the intervention. At the endpoint of 6-week follow-up, acupuncture plus hydrotherapy appeared to reduce inflammatory response by decreasing IL-6, TNF-α, malondialdehyde, and SOD, and increasing glutathione. Conclusions Acupuncture plus hydrotherapy, without significant glycemic-controlling effects in the type 2 diabetic patients with mild LEAD, exerts a measurable benefit in disease-specific physical functions and health-related quality of life. Our results suggest that the combined therapy regulates the inflammatory process and oxidative stress and contributes to immune protection.
Lucas Against Mechanism II

J. R. Lucas serves warning that he stands ready to refute any sufficiently specific accusation that he is a machine. let any mechanist say, to his face, that he is some particular machine M; Lucas will respond by producing forthwith a suitable Gödel sentence ϕM. Having produced ϕM, he will then argue that — given certain credible premises about himself — he could not have done so if the accusation that he was M had been true. let the mechanist try again; Lucas will counter him again in the same way. It is not possible to accuse Lucas truly of being a machine.