Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bounds on the Optimal Performance for Jump Markov Linear Gaussian Systems

The performance of an optimal filter is lower bounded by the Bayesian Cramér-Rao Bound (BCRB). In some cases, this bound is tight (achieved by the optimal filter) asymptotically in information, i.e., high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, for jump Markov linear Gaussian systems (JMLGS) the BCRB is not necessarily achieved for any SNR. In this paper, we derive a new bound which is tight for all SNRs. The bound evaluates the expected covariance of the optimal filter which is represented by one deterministic term and one stochastic term that is computed with Monte Carlo methods. The bound relates to and improves on a recently presented BCRB and an enumeration BCRB for JMLGS. We analyze their relations theoretically and illustrate them on a couple of examples.
Remote sensing image restoration using estimated point spread function

In order to reduce image blur caused by the degradation phenomenon in the imaging process, the acquired images of the space remote sensing camera are restored. First, the frequency-domain notch filter is adopted to remove strip noises in the images. Then degradation function, which is referred to as the point spread function (PSF) of the imaging system is estimated using the knife-edge method. To improve the accuracy of the estimation, the estimated PSF is adjusted with Gaussian fitting. Finally, the images are restored by Wiener filtering with the fitted PSF. The restoration results of the remote sensing images show that almost all strip noises are eliminated by the notch filter. After denoising and restoration, the variance of the remote sensing image worked with in this paper increases 30.979 and the gray mean gradient increases 3.312. Due to Gaussian fitting, the accuracy of the PSF estimation is heightened. Image restoration with the final PSF is benefit to interpreting and analyzing the remote sensing images. After restoration, the contrasts of the restored images are increased and the visual effects become clearer.
A parallel multi-GPU Clonal Selection Algorithm for optimization using OpenCL and OpenMP

Artificial Immune Systems are nature inspired techniques which have been applied with success to several areas. The Clonal Selection Algorithm (CLONALG) is one of the most used immune inspired techniques for optimization. Similarly to other metaheuristics, CLONALG requires a large number of objective function evaluations making it impracticable when the objective function is computationally expensive. One way to decrease the time required to solve a problem is by using parallel computing. In spite of CLONALG being easily parallelizable, few works can be found regarding this feature. A parallel CLONALG is proposed here using the OpenCL framework and the OpenMP library, making it possible to execute the search in parallel in different types of devices, such as CPUs, GPUs and APUs. Computational experiments are performed and the obtained results are compared with those found in the literature.
Polypharmacy Patterns: Unravelling Systematic Associations between Prescribed Medications

Objectives The aim of this study was to demonstrate the existence of systematic associations in drug prescription that lead to the establishment of patterns of polypharmacy, and the clinical interpretation of the associations found in each pattern. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted based on information obtained from electronic medical records and the primary care pharmacy database in 2008. An exploratory factor analysis of drug dispensing information regarding 79,089 adult patients was performed to identify the patterns of polypharmacy. The analysis was stratified by age and sex. Results Seven patterns of polypharmacy were identified, which may be classified depending on the type of disease they are intended to treat: cardiovascular, depression-anxiety, acute respiratory infection (ARI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), rhinitis-asthma, pain, and menopause. Some of these patterns revealed a clear clinical consistency and included drugs that are prescribed together for the same clinical indication (i.e., ARI and COPD patterns). Other patterns were more complex but also clinically consistent: in the cardiovascular pattern, drugs for the treatment of known risk factors—such as hypertension or dyslipidemia—were combined with other medications for the treatment of diabetes or established cardiovascular pathology (e.g., antiplatelet agents). Almost all of the patterns included drugs for preventing or treating potential side effects of other drugs in the same pattern. Conclusions The present study demonstrated the existence of non-random associations in drug prescription, resulting in patterns of polypharmacy that are sound from the pharmacological and clinical viewpoints and that exist in a significant proportion of the population. This finding necessitates future longitudinal studies to confirm some of the proposed causal associations. The information discovered would further the development and/or adaptation of clinical patient guidelines to patients with multimorbidity who are taking multiple drugs.
SECURE PLATFORM FOR WEB USERS BASED ON BROWSER OPERATING SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

This paper will demonstrate that a secure, user friendly platform can be implemented using on Browser Operating System Architecture. This platform protects host machine from various attack like phishing attack, drive by download attack, cross site scripting attack. The BOS architecture treats Web applications as first class objects that users explicitly install and manage, giving them explicit knowledge about and control over downloaded content and code. The BOS runs the client-side component of each Web application (e.g., on-line banking, Web mail) in its own virtual machine, provides strong isolation between Web services and the user's local resources. The BOS lets Web publishers limit the scope of their Web applications by specifying which URLs and other resources their browsers are allowed to access. This limits the harm that can be caused by a compromised browser.
Generation of a Pain Memory in the Primary Afferent Nociceptor Triggered by PKCε Activation of CPEB

Isolectin B4-positive [IB4(+)] primary afferent nociceptors challenged with an inflammatory or neuropathic insult develop a PKCε-dependent long-lasting hyperalgesic response to a subsequent challenge by the proinflammatory cytokine prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a phenomenon known as hyperalgesic priming. Here we demonstrate that the neuroplasticity underlying nociceptor priming requires 72 h to be established; rats that have been challenged with the inflammatory mediator TNFα 24 or 48 h ahead of PGE2 do not show the enhanced and prolonged hyperalgesic response by which primed IB4(+)-nociceptors are being characterized. Moreover, as the underlying plasticity can be interrupted by the peripheral administration of the protein translation inhibitor anisomycin it is reflected by changes in the peripheral protein expression pattern. Finally, the induction of priming by the selective PKCε agonist, psi ε receptor for activated c kinase (ψεRACK) can be prevented, but not reversed by intrathecal injections of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides for the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein (CPEB) mRNA, a master regulator of protein translation that coimmunoprecipitated with PKCε and is almost exclusively expressed by IB4(+)-nociceptors. Our results suggest that CPEB is downstream of PKCε in the cellular signaling cascade responsible for the induction of priming, raising the intriguing possiblity that prion-like misfolding could be a responsible mechanism for the chronification of pain.
Biological stoichiometry of tumor dynamics: Mathematical models and analysis

Many lines of evidence lead to the conclusion that ribosomes, and therefore phosphorus, are potentially important commodities in cancer cells. Also, the population of cancer cells within a given tumor tends to be highly genetically and physiologically varied. Our objective here is to integrate these elements, namely natural selection driven by competition for resources, especially phosphorus, into mathematical models consisting of delay differential equations. These models track mass of healthy cells within a host organ, mass of parenchyma (cancer) cells of various types and the number of blood vessels within the tumor. In some of these models, we allow possible mechanisms that may reduce tumor phosphorous uptake or allow the total phosphorus in the organ to vary. Mathematical and numerical analyses of these models show that tumor population growth and ultimate size are more sensitive to total phosphorus amount than their growth rates are. In particular, our simulation results show that if an artificial mechanism (treatment) can cut the phosphorus uptake of tumor cells in half, then it may lead to a three quarter reduction in ultimate tumor size, indicating an excellent potential of such a treatment. Also, in general we find that tumors with a relatively high cell death rate are more susceptible to treatments that block phosphorus uptake by tumor cells. Similarly, tumors with a large phosphorus requirement and (or) low cell reproductive rates are also strongly affected by phosphorus limitation.
Low-Rank Approximations with Sparse Factors I: Basic Algorithms and Error Analysis

We consider the problem of computing low-rank approximations of matrices. The novel aspects of our approach are that we require the low-rank approximations to be written in a factorized form with sparse factors, and the degree of sparsity of the factors can be traded off for reduced reconstruction error by certain user-determined parameters. We give a detailed error analysis of our proposed algorithms and compare the computed sparse low-rank approximations with those obtained from singular value decomposition. We present numerical examples arising from some application areas to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of our algorithms.
Dimensions of Concerns in Requirements Negotiation and Architecture Modeling 1

The development and refinement of system requirements into an architecture satisfying those requirements relies heavily on the successful collaboration of stakeholders with different backgrounds, expertise, and responsibilities. Stakeholders involved in this iterative process need comprehensible views that may be provided through multi-dimensional separation of concerns. Stakeholder objectives, constraints, and agreements captured in a requirements negotiation have to be organized e.g., by system features, system properties, or stakeholder contribution. On the other hand in software architecture modeling, components and connectors are the dominant dimensions of concerns used for decomposition. We will discuss dimensions of concerns used in the WinWin requirements negotiation approach and present the CBSP (Connector, Bus, System, Property) taxonomy supporting the classification and refinement of WinWin negotiation results. We will also discuss tools supporting this process.
Long-term , layer-specific modification of spontaneous activity in the mouse somatosensory cortex following sensory stimulation

20 pages, 6 figures. CC-BY 4.0 International license not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was. 2. CC-BY 4.0 International license not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was. 3 Neocortical circuits exhibit spontaneous neuronal activity whose functional relevance remains enigmatic. Several proposed functions assume that sensory experience can influence subsequent spontaneous activity. However, long-term alterations in spontaneous firing rates following sensory stimulation have not been reported until now. Here we show that multi-whisker, spatiotemporally rich stimulation of mouse vibrissae induces a laminar-specific, long-term increase of spontaneous activity in the somatosensory cortex. Such stimulation additionally produces stereotypical neural ensemble firing patterns from simultaneously recorded single neurons, which are maintained during spontaneous activity following stimulus offset. The increased neural activity and concomitant ensemble firing patterns are sustained for at least 25 minutes after stimulation, and specific to layers IV and Vb. In contrast, the same stimulation protocol applied to a single whisker fails to elicit this effect. Since layer Vb has the largest receptive fields and, together with layer IV, receives direct thalamic and lateral drive, the increase in firing activity could be the result of mechanisms involving the integration of spatiotemporal patterns across multiple whiskers. Our results provide direct evidence of modification of spontaneous cortical activity by sensory stimulation and could offer insight into the role of spatiotemporal integration in memory storage mechanisms for complex stimuli. CC-BY 4.0 International license not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was. 4 Even in the absence of sensory stimulation or motor output, neocortical circuits are not silent. Neurons exhibit highly stochastic spontaneous activity (Arieli et al. which consumes a large fraction of the brain's metabolic budget (Sokoloff et al., 1955). Although often considered to be 'noise,' spontaneous activity has a strong spatio-temporal structure: it reflects the functional architecture of cortical circuits (Tsodyks et al., 1999), and resembles the patterns of activity produced by natural sensory stimulation. These factors are suggestive of a role in information processing. In particular, spontaneous cortical activity has been demonstrated to affect sensory responses (Erchova et al., 2002;Ferezou et al., 2007;Kenet et al., 2003). It has also been suggested that spontaneous activity may reflect learning and memory processes (Lewis et al., 2009). However, despite substantial work, …
FCP-Growth: Class Itemsets for Class Association Rules

In this search, we focused on supervised learning task using association rules algorithms (association based classification). These algorithms, developed in unsupervised learning, extract all the rules whose the support and confidence exceed a prefixed threshold support. After extracting the frequent itemsets, (i.e their support exceeds the threshold support), algorithms subdivide these itemsets to build the rules, and keep only the rules whose confidence exceeds the threshold confidence. The extraction of class association rules, using these algorithms, have several problems, because of the rules' a posteriori filtering. In the first stage, one extracts useless frequent itemsets, those which do not contain class, whereas the second stage can be simplified, since an itemset containing the class gives place only to only one class rule. In order to be able to work with a low threshold support, we propose FCP-Growth an adaptation of FP-Growth which eliminates the frequent itemsets not containing a class. Moreover, to make the minority class be in advantage during the construction of the class itemsets, we adapt the threshold support, in order to use the same threshold support inside each class.
Overview of the Pathway Curation (PC) task of BioNLP Shared Task 2013

We present the Pathway Curation (PC) task, a main event extraction task of the BioNLP shared task (ST) 2013. The PC task concerns the automatic extraction of biomolecular reactions from text. The task setting, representation and semantics are defined with respect to pathway model standards and ontologies (SBML, BioPAX, SBO) and documents selected by relevance to specific model reactions. Two BioNLP ST 2013 participants successfully completed the PC task. The highest achieved Fscore, 52.8%, indicates that event extraction is a promising approach to supporting pathway curation efforts. The PC task continues as an open challenge with data, resources and tools available from http://2013.bionlp-st.org/
The universal-relation data model for logical independence

The universal-relation model is introduced, and its fundamental ideas are outlined. This model keeps access-path independence by removing the need for logical navigation among relations. One benefit is a simple yet powerful query-language interface. Two universal-relation database-management systems are discussed that provide good examples of the model: System/U, developed at Stanford University, and FIDL, developed at International Computers Ltd. in Britain. <<ETX>>
Tranalyzer: Versatile high performance network traffic analyser

IP-based networks are prone to hardware failures, software errors and misconfigurations. This leads to service outages, such as those experienced by American Airlines in 2015. Moreover, cyber threats are becoming ever more sophisticated. As demonstrated by recent success stories of malware, such as the crimeware BlackEnergy, current defence solutions are insufficient to detect those anomalies and threats. Indeed, the widespread use of cryptography and obfuscation techniques limits the effectiveness of standard solutions relying on content inspection. Although statistical based approaches are able to deal with some of these limitations, threats such as data exfiltration and covert channels remain challenging to detect. This paper presents Tranalyzer, a flow-based traffic analyser built upon a flexible plugin-based architecture, allowing efficient processing and analysis of network traffic. The program is presented through a series of real-life scenarios dealing with traffic mining and troubleshooting and provides the analyst with a methodology on how to tackle such challenges, even when encryption or obfuscation techniques are being used.
Social exclusion and perceived vulnerability to physical harm

Abstract The social exclusion literature has long emphasized the evolutionary basis of belonging and its inherent association with physical safety. We further elucidate this link by examining how social vulnerability shapes subjective experiences of physical vulnerability. We hypothesized that social exclusion would heighten sensitivity to physical vulnerability concerns. Across 3 studies, social exclusion, relative to control conditions, increased the accessibility of physical vulnerability-related cognitions (Study 1), feelings of physical vulnerability in familiar environments (Study 2), and predictions of negative physical harm in the future (Study 3). Discussion centers on the benefits of adopting an evolutionary approach to understanding when social exclusion facilitates vs. dampens perceptions of harm, and remaining questions regarding the corresponding vs. conflicting effects of belonging and safety needs.
Advancing the State-of-the-Art in Transportation Security Identification and Verification Technologies: Biometric and Multibiometric Systems

This paper updates and expands upon the research work presented by the authors in "evaluation of biometric technologies for access control at transportation facilities and border crossings". Biometric technologies are being tested and deployed in a variety of transportation applications at the national, state, and local levels - border crossings, transportation worker credentials, real IDs - biometric-enabled driver's licenses and identification cards, and facility and computer access control. A discussion of the current and planned deployment status for the biometrics technologies is provided. An overview of existing and emerging physical and behavioral biometric technologies is also presented. Single biometric systems are applicable in low to moderate security applications. As security needs increase and terrorists and criminals gain more expertise in biometrics technologies, unimodal systems may not be sufficient. Multibiometric systems fuse together the data and features of unimodal systems and can provide higher levels of security. A well-planned and designed multibiometric system is potentially more accurate than the best unimodal system. An overview of multibiometric systems and their design issues are covered. Also, key evaluation techniques for biometric and multibiometric systems are presented.
HTN Planning: Complexity and Expressivity

Most practical work on AI planning systems during the last fifteen years has been based on hierarchical task network (HTN) decomposition, but until now, there has been very little analytical work on the properties of HTN planners. This paper describes how the complexity of HTN planning varies with various conditions on the task networks.
A short review and primer on electrodermal activity in human computer interaction applications

The application of psychophysiology in human-computer interaction is a growing field with significant potential for future smart personalised systems. Working in this emerging field requires comprehension of an array of physiological signals and analysis techniques. One of the most widely used signals is electrodermal activity, or EDA, also known as galvanic skin response or GSR. This signal is commonly used as a proxy for physiological arousal, but recent advances of interpretation and analysis suggest that traditional approaches should be revised. We present a short review on the application of EDA in human-computer interaction. This paper aims to serve as a primer for the novice, enabling rapid familiarisation with the latest core concepts. We put special emphasis on everyday human-computer interface applications to distinguish from the more common clinical or sports uses of psychophysiology. This paper is an extract from a comprehensive review of the entire field of ambulatory psychophysiology, including 12 similar chapters, plus application guidelines and systematic review. Thus any citation should be made using the following reference: B. Cowley, M. Filetti, K. Lukander, J. Torniainen, A. Henelius, L. Ahonen, O. Barral, I. Kosunen, T. Valtonen, M. Huotilainen, N. Ravaja, G. Jacucci. The Psychophysiology Primer: a guide to methods and a broad review with a focus on human-computer interaction. Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 9, no. 3-4, pp. 150--307, 2016.