Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Mutated Fibronectin As a Tumor Antigen Recognized by CD4+T Cells

CD4+ T cells play an important role in orchestrating host immune responses against cancer, particularly by providing critical help for priming and extending the survival of CD8+ T cells. However, relatively little is known about major histocompatibility complex class II–restricted human tumor antigens capable of activating CD4+ T cells. Here, we describe the identification of a mutated fibronectin (FN) as a tumor antigen recognized by human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-DR2–restricted CD4+ T cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing analysis indicated that this gene contains a mutation that results in the substitution of lysine for glutamic acid and gives rise to a new T cell epitope recognized by CD4+ T cells. Tumor cells harboring the mutant FN resulted in the loss of FN matrix formation and the gain of metastatic potential based on the migration pattern compared with that of tumor cells that express wild-type FN. Additional experiments using cell lines stably expressing the mutated FN cDNA demonstrated that the point mutation in FN was responsible for the loss of FN staining in extracellular matrices and the enhancement of tumor cell migration. These findings represent the first demonstration that a mutated gene product recognized by CD4+ T cells is directly involved in tumor metastasis, which indicates the importance of CD4+ T cells in controlling the spread of tumor cells to distant anatomic sites.
Hyperspectral Unmixing in the Presence of Mixed Noise Using Joint-Sparsity and Total Variation

Hyperspectral unmixing is the process of estimating constituent endmembers and their fractional abundances present at each pixel in a hyperspectral image. A hyperspectral image is often corrupted by several kinds of noise. This work addresses the hyperspectral unmixing problem in a general scenario that considers the presence of mixed noise. The unmixing model explicitly takes into account both Gaussian noise and sparse noise. The unmixing problem has been formulated to exploit joint-sparsity of abundance maps. A total-variation-based regularization has also been utilized for modeling smoothness of abundance maps. The split-Bregman technique has been utilized to derive an algorithm for solving resulting optimization problem. Detailed experimental results on both synthetic and real hyperspectral images demonstrate the advantages of proposed technique.
Synaptic vesicles have two distinct recycling pathways

In this paper, evidence is presented that two distinct synaptic vesicle recycling pathways exist within a single terminal. One pathway emanates from the active zone, has a fast time course, involves no intermediate structures, and is blocked by exposure to high Mg2+/low Ca2+ saline, while the second pathway emanates at sites away from the active zone, has a slower time course, involves an endosomal intermediate, and is not sensitive to high Mg2+/low Ca2+. To visualize these two recycling pathways, the temperature-sensitive Drosophila mutant, shibire, in which vesicle recycling is normal at 19 degrees C but is blocked at 29 degrees C, was used. With exposure to 29 degrees C, complete vesicle depletion occurs as exocytosis proceeds while endocytosis is blocked. When the temperature is lowered to 26 degrees C, vesicle recycling membrane begins to accumulate as invaginations of the plasmalemma, but pinch-off is blocked. Under these experimental conditions, it was possible to distinguish the two separate pathways by electron microscopic analysis. These two pathways were further characterized by observing the normal recycling process at the permissive temperature, 19 degrees C. It is suggested that the function of these two recycling pathways might be to produce two distinct vesicle populations: the active zone and nonactive zone populations. The possibility that these two populations have different release characteristics and functions is discussed.
Surfactant effect on the multiscale structure of bubbly flows

Small amounts of surfactant can drastically change bubble behavior. For example, a bubble in aqueous surfactant solution rises much slower than one in purified water. This phenomenon is explained by the so-called Marangoni effect caused by a nonuniform concentration distribution of surfactant along the bubble surface. In other words, a tangential shear stress appears on the bubble surface due to the surface tension variation caused by the surface concentration distribution, which results in the reduction of the rising velocity of the bubble. More interestingly, this Marangoni effect influences not only the rising velocity, but also the lateral migration in the presence of mean shear. Furthermore, these phenomena influence the multiscale nature of bubbly flows and cause a drastic change in the bubbly flow structure as shown in Fig.1. In this talk, related to these interesting multiscale structures, bubble clustering phenomena in upward bubbly channel flows are discussed with the emphasis on the detail description of a single bubble behavior influenced by the surfactant adsorption/desorption kinetics on the bubble surface. Reference: . S.Takagi and Y.Matsumoto, “Surfactant effect on bubble motion and bubbly flows,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol.43 (2011), pp.615-636. Fig. 1 Multiscale structure of bubbly flows in aqueous surfactant solution Surfactant adsorption on the gas‐liquid interface Marangoni effect Bubble‐bubble interaction Bubble suspension Bubbly plume in aeration tank
Administration of a Decoy Against the Activator Protein-1 Binding Site Suppresses Neointimal Thickening in Rabbit Balloon-Injured Arteries

Background—Transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) is activated and upregulated in injured arterial smooth muscle cells in vivo, yet the exact role of the AP-1–related pathway in vascular disease in vivo has remained unclear. We examined the role of the transfer of synthetic double-stranded cis-element decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) in balloon-injured rabbit carotid arteries and the effects of these ODNs on neointimal thickening. Methods and Results—Transfection of fluorescein isothiocyanate–labeled ODNs using the hemagglutinating virus of Japan liposome method resulted in widespread distribution of fluorescent nuclear signals over the entire medial layer in injured arteries. Gel mobility shift assay revealed that AP-1 DNA binding was activated and that the AP-1 decoy reduced AP-1 DNA binding activity as a result of specific binding affinity to AP-1 in vivo. In morphometric analyses, AP-1 decoy led to a significant reduction in the neointimal area and a significant reduction in cell number and transforming growth factor-&bgr;1 production of human aortic smooth muscle cells under conditions of platelet-derived growth factor stimulation. Conclusions—Because AP-1 decoy transfection in vivo dramatically prevented neointimal thickening in balloon-injured arteries, AP-1 may be a useful molecular target for gene therapy to reduce restenosis.
On the importance of error memory in UMTS radio channel emulation using hidden Markov models (HMM)

The possibility to change data rate in 10 milliseconds is one of the innovative features of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). This change results in a different mobile channel with different burst error characteristics that can be modelled and its effects can be emulated by hidden Markov models (HMM) which are computationally more efficient than waveform level models. Thus the data rate change in the wideband CDMA (WCDMA) channel supposes to change the HMM. This change from one HMM to another can be performed considering the number of errors in the last frame or not. In this paper the impact of error memory when the channel is emulated by HMM change, is presented.
The Generic Computer-Assisted Language Learning Environment CALLE

In this paper we present the CALLE system, a gener ic environment for the learning of foreign languages. The intention of CALLE is to be a personal companion for the user, which starts to learn a new language from scratch together with the user. The language student can use CALLE i n combination with a textbook to assist him in understanding and translating new t xts as well as for the fast retrieval of the meaning of foreign words. Because of its symmetric system architecture CALLE provides also translations of wo rds and sentences into the foreign language. Furthermore, CALLE can perform se veral types of exercises, e.g. inserting missing words in sentences, correcting th e sequence of words in a sentence, putting sentences into passive voice, etc .
Environmental justice: partnerships for communication.

The levels of serum ,B2 microglobulin, blood urea concentration, serum creatinine, haemoglobin and performance status have been measured in 476 patients in the Medical Research Council's 4th trial for myelomatosis. Levels of serum ,B2 microglobulin were also subsequently measured in 208 patients who achieved a stable "plateau" condition. Serum ,B2 microglobulin levels, uncorrected for serum creatinine, were found to be the single most powerful prognostic variable available at presentation. Multivariate analysis showed that only the addition of haemoglobin levels could improve upon this and the improvement, though statistically significant (P=0.006), appeared to be of much less clinical value. The prognostic value of serum /B2 microglobulin at plateau appeared to be equally large for a given difference in value, but the variability between patients was much less at that time. Serum /2 microglobulin would appear to be a key measurement for assessing the prognosis and response to treatment in patients with myelomatosis.
Dynamics of IP traffic: a study of the role of variability and the impact of control

Using the ns-2-simulator to experiment with different aspects of user- or session-behaviors and network configurations and focusing on the qualitative aspects of a wavelet-based scaling analysis, we present a systematic investigation into how and why variability and feedback-control contribute to the intriguing scaling properties observed in actual Internet traces (as our benchmark data, we use measured Internet traffic from an ISP). We illustrate how variability of both user aspects and network environments (i) causes self-similar scaling behavior over large time scales, (ii) determines a more or less pronounced change in scaling behavior around a specific time scale, and (iii) sets the stage for the emergence of surprisingly rich scaling dynamics over small time scales; i.e., multifractal scaling. Moreover, our scaling analyses indicate whether or not open-loop controls such as UDP or closed-loop controls such as TCP impact the local or small-scale behavior of the traffic and how they contribute to the observed multifractal nature of measured Internet traffic. In fact, our findings suggest an initial physical explanation for why measured Internet traffic over small time scales is highly complex and suggest novel ways for detecting and identifying, for example, performance bottlenecks.This paper focuses on the qualitative aspects of a wavelet-based scaling analysis rather than on the quantitative use for which it was originally designed. We demonstrate how the presented techniques can be used for analyzing a wide range of different kinds of network-related measurements in ways that were not previously feasible. We show that scaling analysis has the ability to extract relevant information about the time-scale dynamics of Internet traffic, thereby, we hope, making these techniques available to a larger segment of the networking research community.
Online view sampling for estimating depth from light fields

Geometric information such as depth obtained from light fields finds more applications recently. Where and how to sample images to populate a light field is an important problem to maximize the usability of information gathered for depth reconstruction. We propose a simple analysis model for view sampling and an adaptive, online sampling algorithm tailored to light field depth reconstruction. Our model is based on the trade-off between visibility and depth resolvability for varying sampling locations, and seeks the optimal locations that best balance the two conflicting criteria.
What is the status of spiritual and religious care in the health care system ?

The aim of this review article is describing a research on spiritual and religious interventions in Iran. An integrative review was conducted to determine the state of the science in Iran. Iranmedex, Scientific Information Database, Irandoc, Noormags, Magiran and Google scholar were searched to find articles published in peer-reviewed journals from August 2002 to August 2012. A qualitative approach utilizing content analysis was used in the review. Overall, 21 articles on spiritual and religious interventions in Iran's health care system which met the search criteria were included from 800,000 records in 438 journals. The review shows that there are at least four overarching themes of spiritual and religious interventions: spiritual and religious behaviours, spiritual care as part of a holistic caring approach, spiritual/religious therapy as an effective healing technique, and patients’ spiritual needs. These themes are linked and interrelated. The main concern for caregivers was “hanging on to spirituality” in spite of the eroding effects on spiritual beliefs caused by different factors in the health care system. Spirituality plays an important role in the way people live and die. The majority of the research on spiritual and religious interventions in Iran’s health care system focuses on patients’ need toward spiritual care and health professionals’ spiritual approach, as well as factors that influence their spirituality. More research is needed on the factors that influence patients’ spiritual needs, spirituality among health care providers, and interventions to engender spiritual and religious interventions in the health care system .
Human-computer interaction in the new millennium

• Performing the development effort using known, familiar, and proven industry, organizational, and project Best Practices. None of these chapters is either "new" or "revolutionary;" instead , each chapter explains a single proven process, including recommended roles and practices, sample documents and outlines , supporting documentation and examples, and potential pitfalls. The goal, in each instance, is to better identify, understand , and document the real user requirements. Taken together, the set of processes describe a rational overall requirements management process which, if followed, will bring an organization into compliance with the Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity Model for Requirements Management. The book is an ideal reference manual for both the requirements manager and the program manager struggling to deal with the various issues. As this book concentrates on the processes and procedures involved in requirements collection and management, it would be a good companion to Karl Wieger's Software Requirements, which concentrates on the actual writing of individual requirements. assessed as a CMM Level 5 organization), uniquely qualifies him to prepare this guide. Leading a Software Development Team offers practical guidelines for dealing with the day-today pressures of leading a team of software developers. This book was written with the software team leaders in mind-people who make detailed decisions on the design, coding and unit testing of software products, and people who has the responsibility for the technical success of the software project. This book is uniquely organized into the kinds of questions that a team leader is likely to ask. There are 40 questions divided into nine major aspects of software team leadership: For new team leaders stepping into the role, I suggest reading all the questions related to "The New Leader" section. As you face each issue, you can read the other sections and/or specific questions. You'll find Richard Whitehead's advice practical and effective. For further information, Whitehead lists out some of his favorite books in the Bibliography section. Most of the situations a team leader will experience are discussed in this book. However, as Whitehead pointed out, leading a team is dynamic. And there are specific issues and questions that may not be answered in this book. For example, your project may need to focus on productivity and performance and this book does not directly deal with that issue. Also, the book does not cover concrete guidelines on how to give a performance evaluation for your team …
A Memory-Based Approach to Learning Shallow Natural Language Patterns

Recognizing shallow linguistic patterns, such as basic syntactic relationships between words, is a common task in applied natural language and text processing. The common practice for approaching this task is by tedious manual definition of possible pattern structures, often in the form of regular expressions or finite automata. This paper presents a novel memory-based learning method that recognizes shallow patterns in new text based on a bracketed training corpus. The training data are stored as-is, in efficient suffix-tree data structures. Generalization is performed on-line at recognition time by comparing subsequences of the new text to positive and negative evidence in the corpus. This way, no information in the training is lost, as can happen in other learning systems that construct a single generalized model at the time of training. The paper presents experimental results for recognizing noun phrase, subject-verb and verb-object patterns in English. Since the learning approach enables easy porting to new domains, we plan to apply it to syntactic patterns in other languages and to sub-language patterns for information extraction.
Compressive Sensing Multi-spectral 3D Imaging

In order to realize high efficient compressive sensing(CS) three-dimensional(3D) multi-spectral imaging, a 3D multi-spectral imaging system based on CS theory as well as the corresponding CS algorithm to reconstruct the 2D images based on joint optimization and the 3D construction algorithm based on photometric stereo is proposed in this paper. In the system a digital micromirror device(DMD) is used as spatial light moderator and a liquid crystal tunable filter(LCTF) is used to choose specific wavelength to pass. The object is measured with random patterns from different directions and the 2D images are reconstructed by the algorithm with the joint constraints, and the 3D model of the object is constructed from the 2D images via photometric stereo method. The multi-spectral and 3D images are accurately reconstructed at 0.3 mean sampling rate and the precision of both spatial and spectral is higher than the algorithm without joint constraint method using the same measurements.
Bidirectional Packet Aggregation and Coding for VoIP Transmission in Wireless Multi-Hop Networks

This paper proposes bidirectional packet aggregation and coding (BiPAC), a packet mixing technique which jointly applies packet aggregation and network coding in order to increase the number of supportable VoIP sessions in wireless multi-hop networks. BiPAC applies network coding for aggregated VoIP packets by exploiting bidirectional nature of VoIP sessions, and largely reduces the required protocol overhead for transmitting short VoIP packets. We design BiPAC and related protocols so that the operations of aggregation and coding are well-integrated while satisfying the required quality of service by VoIP transmission, such as delay and packet loss rate. Our computer simulation results show that BiPAC can increase the number of supportable VoIP sessions maximum by around 70% as compared with the case when the packet aggregation alone is used, and 450% in comparison to the transmission without aggregation/coding. We also implement BiPAC in a wireless testbed, and run experiments in an actual indoor environment. Our experimental results show that BiPAC is a practical and efficient forwarding method, which can be implemented into the current mesh hardware and network stack.
Business Model Dynamics: A Longitudinal, Cross-sectional Case Survey

To maintain alignment with technology, regulation and market developments in the outside world, companies need to adapt their business models over time. As most literature has studied business models in a static approach, understanding is lacking on how external forces drive internal business model design choices. This paper studies which type of external drivers are most influential throughout the life cycle of business models. To do so, we surveyed 45 longitudinal case descriptions on business model dynamics of (networks of) organizations in various domains. Our results partly support our hypotheses. Market and technology drivers are most relevant in early stages of new business models, while regulation is far less important than we expected. These results mainly apply to small start-ups rather than large, established companies.
Exploiting DHT functionalities for pervasive network mobility

The rapid diffusion of wireless technologies for network access has fostered the expectation for enhanced forms of communication in the current and future Internet. To this aim, there is a large consent about pursuing user-centric and pervasive paradigms; that requires an integrated and uniform approach to mobility management, taking into account all the different aspects of this issue. However, current mobility protocols exhibit important limitations and drawbacks. Starting from these considerations, this paper sketches a mobility framework based on overlay infrastructures; we describe the main features it should exhibit and then we focus on the problem of keeping track of mobile node's location inside the network. We discuss the work done so far, which was addressed to compare and assess different DHT schemes for the above framework.
HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice are highly susceptible to collagen-induced arthritis: a novel model for human polyarthritis

Genetic studies have indicated that susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) maps to the HLA-DR locus of the major histocompatibility complex. Strong linkage disequilibrium between certain HLA-DQ genes and HLA-DR genes associated with RA, however, suggests that HLA-DQ molecules may also play a role in RA susceptibility. To examine the role of HLA-DQ molecules in arthritis, we generated transgenic mice expressing the DQA1*0301 and DQB1*0302 genes from an RA predisposing haplotype (DQ8/DR4Dw4). The transgenes were introduced into mouse class II-deficient H-2Ab0 mice, and their susceptibility to experimental collagen-induced arthritis was evaluated. The HLA-DQ8+,H-2Ab0 mice displayed good expression of the DQ8 molecule, while no surface expression of endogenous murine class II molecules could be detected. The DQ8 molecule also induced the selection of CD4+ T cells expressing a normal repertoire of V beta T cell receptors. Immunization of HLA- DQ8+,H-2Ab0 mice with bovine type II collagen (CII) induced a strong antibody response that was cross-reactive to homologous mouse CII. Also, in vitro proliferative responses against bovine CII, which were blocked in the presence of an antibody specific for HLA-DQ and mouse CD4, were detected. Finally, a severe polyarthritis developed in a majority of HLA-DQ8+,H-2Ab0 mice, which was indistinguishable from the disease observed in arthritis susceptible B10.T(6R) (H-2Aq) controls. In contrast, HLA-DQ8-,H-2Ab0 fullsibs did not generate CII antibody and were completely resistant to arthritis. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that HLA-DQ8 molecules contribute to genetic susceptibility to arthritis and also establish a novel animal model for the study of human arthritis.