Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment of word retrieval deficits with contextual priming

Background: Repetition priming is often a component of treatments for word‐finding disorders. It can facilitate or interfere with naming success depending on a number of factors. Here we investigate the effectiveness of massed priming coupled with semantic or phonological context as a treatment for naming impairments arising from semantic and phonological deficits. Aims: We aimed to determine whether (1) this procedure, used previously in a short‐term facilitation study, would effectively improve word retrieval in a treatment study, and (2) the pattern of facilitation or interference observed in the facilitation study would carry over to the treatment programme. Methods & Procedures: We used a single subject multiple baseline design. There were two participants: LP with a phonological encoding deficit and AS with both semantic and phonological deficits. Treatment involved identifying and repeating the names of words that were related semantically or phonologically, or unrelated. Pre and post measures of naming were used to assess overall effectiveness of the treatment. Acquisition, maintenance, and generalisation were measured with baseline tests at the start of each session. Correct responses and errors on within‐training naming probes were used to measure sensitivity to priming in a particular context. Outcomes & Results: LP benefited from this procedure regardless of the training context. AS showed interference in the semantic context during training and only modest short‐term gains. These outcomes were predicted by their performance on an earlier facilitation study. Conclusions: Contextual repetition priming has different effects on naming and these differences appear to be related to the context of training (semantic or phonological) and the primary source of an individual's naming impairment (semantic or phonological). This procedure is most effective when semantic processing of words is relatively spared.
Rethinking Social Identity Theory in International Encounters

In a globalized business environment, interaction across linguistic boundaries is becoming a normal part of everyday life. In these encounters language differences may affect the formation of social identities among organization members. While studies based on Social Identity Theory perceive the link between identity and language to be linear, this article takes a different approach. By drawing on anthropological theories on ethnic identity it is argued that the relation between language and social identity is negotiated in interaction. In the empirical analysis the article focuses on the encounter between expatriates and local employees of a Danish subsidiary in England. The findings show that identity making may be actualized by competition for resources and recognition. This can be done by investing certain objects such as the symbolic application of language with certain identifications. It is finally argued that the processes by which identifications develop can cause both polarization and accommodation in the relation between groups and individuals. Repenser la théorie de l'identité sociale dans le cadre des rencontres internationales : l'utilisation du langage comme un objet de négociation dans l'élaboration de l'identité (Jakob Lauring) Dans un contexte de globalisation des affaires, les interactions au-delà des frontières linguistiques sont devenues une réalité quotidienne. Dans le cadre de ces rencontres, les différences linguistiques peuvent affecter la formation de l'identité sociale parmi les membres de l'organisation. Alors que les études fondées sur la Théorie de l'identité sociale perçoivent le lien entre identité et langage comme un lien linéaire, cette contribution propose une lecture différente. En s'appuyant sur les théories sur l'identité ethnique, développées en anthropologie, nous affirmons que la relation entre langage et identité sociale se négocie dans le cadre de l'interaction. L'étude empirique analyse les échanges entre expatriés et salaries locaux au sein d'une filiale danoise, basée en Angleterre. Les résultats prouvent que la construction de l'identité peut être actualisée par la concurrence pour les ressources et la reconnaissance. Ces résultats peuvent être obtenus par l'étude de certains objets, comme l'utilisation symbolique du langage pour des marques de reconnaissance. Ce travail de recherche se conclut par la démonstration que les processus de développement de l'identification peuvent générer à la fois des divisions et des compromis, dans les relations entre les groupes et les individus.
On Surprise, Change, and the Effect of Recent Outcomes

The leading models of human and animal learning rest on the assumption that individuals tend to select the alternatives that led to the best recent outcomes. The current research highlights three boundaries of this “recency” assumption. Analysis of the stock market and simple laboratory experiments suggests that positively surprising obtained payoffs, and negatively surprising forgone payoffs reduce the rate of repeating the previous choice. In addition, all previous trails outcomes, except the latest outcome (most recent), have similar effect on future choices. We show that these results, and other robust properties of decisions from experience, can be captured with a simple addition to the leading models: the assumption that surprise triggers change.
Role of lapatinib alone or in combination in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer.

PURPOSE This review aims to present the preclinical and clinical data regarding efficacy and safety of lapatinib alone and in combination with other agents in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-overexpressing breast cancer. BACKGROUND HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer remains a treatment challenge. It is more aggressive than other breast cancers and it is associated with a poor outcome. Targeted therapy for HER2+ breast cancer has significantly changed the clinical course of the disease. Despite advances in therapy, there remains an unmet need in the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer. Lapatinib is a novel, orally bioavailable epidermal growth factor receptor/HER2+ targeted agent. Many trials have investigated the efficacy and safety of lapatinib alone and in conjunction with other agents in the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS Preclinical and clinical trials of lapatinib have shown that it is effective in the treatment on HER2+ breast cancer. More important, studies show that it is effective in the setting of trastuzumab resistance and in the treatment of central nervous system metastases, both of which are current treatment challenges. Furthermore, lapatinib is effective in conjunction with trastuzumab in the treatment of early breast cancer. Data regarding the safety of lapatinib show that it is generally well tolerated; however, multiple studies have shown significant (grade 3 and 4) diarrhea and rash associated with lapatinib, thereby limiting its use. Carditoxicity has not been a significant adverse event associated with the use of lapatinib. CONCLUSION Lapatinib is effective alone and in conjunction with other agents in the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer. However, its use is limited by significant diarrhea and rash.
Can Semantic Knowledge Influence Motion Correspondence?

Semantic factors are presumed to have little influence on motion perception. Two experiments examined the effects of an object's semantic identity on motion correspondence using the Ternus paradigm. Motion correspondence was not influenced by whether the object depicted is typically moving or stationary, but it was influenced by the way(s) in which an object's components typically move relative to one another: perceived correspondence differed depending on whether the motion tokens constituted the feet of a person walking or the wheels of a car. Apparently, semantic knowledge can influence motion correspondence, although such influence is weak and may be restricted to certain types of semantic information. The adaptive significance of such restricted influences is considered.
The impact of e-commerce on the role of IS professionals

Understanding the knowledge, skills and abilities of information systems professionals has been a longstanding goal of information systems research. An IS professional's ability to perform in his or her role is vital to the utilisation of information systems within an organisation. This research addresses the question: in what ways has the recent ascension of Internet-based electronic commerce altered the competency requirements of IS professionals? Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen participants from a variety of public and private organizations, who are currently participating or had participated in e-commerce projects. The findings indicate that the implementation of e-commerce in organisations has introduced three main types of business changes: expectations, perceptions, and compliance. These three changes have in turn driven project changes and subsequent changes in the competency requirements and role of the IS professional. The implications of these changes for IS professionals and the organizations for which they work are discussed.
Data mining using two-dimensional optimized association rules: scheme, algorithms, and visualization

We discuss data mining based on association rules for two numeric attributes and one Boolean attribute. For example, in a database of bank customers, "Age" and "Balance" are two numeric attributes, and "CardLoan" is a Boolean attribute. Taking the pair (Age, Balance) as a point in two-dimensional space, we consider an association rule of the form((Age, Balance) &isin; P) &rArr; (CardLoan = Yes),which implies that bank customers whose ages and balances fall in a planar region P tend to use card loan with a high probability. We consider two classes of regions, rectangles and admissible (i.e. connected and x-monotone) regions. For each class, we propose efficient algorithms for computing the regions that give optimal association rules for gain, support, and confidence, respectively. We have implemented the algorithms for admissible regions, and constructed a system for visualizing the rules.
Genome scan of schizophrenia

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to identify chromosomal regions likely to contain schizophrenia susceptibility genes. METHOD: A genomewide map of 310 microsatellite DNA markers with average spacing of 11 centimorgans was genotyped in 269 individuals—126 of them with schizophrenia-related psychoses—from 43 pedigrees. Nonparametric linkage analysis was used to assess the pattern of allele sharing at each marker locus relative to the presence of disease. RESULTS: Nonparametric linkage scores did not reach a genomewide level of statistical significance for any marker. There were five chromosomal regions in which empirically derived p values reached nominal levels of significance at eight marker locations. There were p values less than 0.01 at chromosomes 2q (with the peak value in this region at D2S410) and 10q (D10S1239), and there were p values less than 0.05 at chromosomes 4q (D4S2623), 9q (D9S257), and 11q (D11S2002). CONCLUSIONS: The results do not support the hypothesis that a single gene causes a.
Experiments in Diversifying Flickr Result Sets

The 2013 MediaEval Retrieving Diverse Social Images Task looked to tackling the problem of search result diversication of Flickr results sets formed from queries about geographic places and landmarks. In this paper we describe our approach of using a min-max similarity diversier coupled with pre-lters and a reranker. We also demonstrate a number of novel features for measuring similarity to use in the diversication step.
The moderating effects of personality on work–family conflicts and stress among Malaysian working parents

The study examined the relationships between the two types of Work-Family Conflict (WFC): Work Interfering with Family (WIF) and Family Interfering with Work (FIW) and perceived stress as well as the role of the big five personality factors as possible moderators in the WFC-Stress relationship. Data was collected from 188 working parents in Malaysia. Hierarchical moderated regression analyses revealed that both WIF and FIW were significant predictors of stress. Among the big five personality factors, agreeableness and emotional stability moderated the WFC-stress relationships but in different ways. Agreeableness exacerbates stress as WIF increases but alleviates stress when FIW increases. Emotional stability on the other hand heightened stress when work interfered with the family. Practical implications and suggestions for reducing stress among working parents are discussed in accordance to the findings.
Changes in the use of anti-asthmatic medication in an international cohort

The aim of this study was to describe changes in pharmacotherapy for asthma since the early 1990s in an international cohort of young and middle-aged adults. A total of 28 centres from 14 countries participated in a longitudinal study. The study included 8,829 subjects with a mean follow-up time of 8.7 yrs. Change in the prevalence of use for medication was expressed as absolute net change (95% confidence interval) standardised to a 10-yr period. The use of anti-asthmatics was found to have increased by 3.1% (2.4–3.7%) and the prevalence of symptomatic asthma by 4.0% (3.5–4.5%). In the sample with asthma in both surveys (n = 423), the use of inhaled corticosteroids increased by 12.2% (6.6–17.8%). Despite this, only 17.2% were using inhaled corticosteroids on a daily basis at follow-up. Females with continuous asthma were more likely, compared with males, and smokers with asthma, to have started using inhaled corticosteroids since the first survey. The use of anti-asthmatics has increased in a pattern consistent with current consensus on treatment. However, despite increased use of inhaled corticosteroids, a large majority of subjects with symptomatic asthma do not use this treatment on a daily basis, particularly males and smokers with asthma.
Assessment of an engineered endothelium via single‐photon emission computed tomography

The clinical translation of cell‐based therapeutics often requires highly sensitive, non‐invasive imaging tools to assess cell function and distribution in vivo. The objective of this research was to determine whether human Sodium‐Iodide Symporter (hNIS) ectopic expression in endothelial cells (ECs) in combination with single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a feasible approach to non‐invasively monitor the presence and viability of an engineered endothelium on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were transduced with pLL3.7‐hNIS via lentivirus with multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0, 2, 5, and 10 (n = 4). Ectopic expression of hNIS in HUVECs via optimized lentiviral transduction (MOI 5) enabled cell uptake of a radioisotope that can be detected by SPECT without affecting endothelial cell viability, oxidative stress, or antithrombogenic functions. The viability and distribution of an engineered endothelium grown on ePTFE coated with the biodegradable elastomer poly(1, 8 octamethylene citrate) (POC) and exposed to fluid flow was successfully monitored non‐invasively by SPECT. We report the feasibility of a non‐invasive, highly sensitive and functional assessment of an engineered endothelium on ePTFE using a combination of SPECT and X‐ray computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging and hNIS ectopic expression in ECs. This technology potentially allows for the non‐invasive assessment of transplanted living cells in vascular conduits. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2371–2377. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of Teacher-Student Interactions in the Piano Lessons of Adults and Children

The purpose of this investigation was to identify and describe the characteristics of effective teaching in the piano studio. Thirteen piano teachers were videotaped with one adult student and one child student during three consecutive lessons each. An 8- to 12-minute segment showing work on a piece in progress was excerpted from each of the 78 lessons. Computerized observation procedures, designed specifically for this and related research, were used to record and analyze teacher behavior, student behavior, and lesson progress. Ten representative excerpts were evaluated by five expert piano pedagogues, who rated the teaching effectiveness observed in each. The expert pedagogues were generally reliable in identifying ineffective teaching, but were less reliable in assessing effective teaching. Correlational analyses were used to identify the lesson characteristics associated with effective and ineffective ratings. Relatively active teachers were ranked higher than were inactive teachers. Active teachers provided more modeling and gave more feedback. Student performance episodes generally were shorter among the more active teachers, and students of the more active teachers tended to perform mare successfully. The duration and pace of behavior episodes were important variables in discriminating among levels of instructional quality, with shorter episodes and, thus, faster pace associated with more effective teaching.
RNA-Dependent Replication and Transcription of Hepatitis Delta Virus RNA Involve Distinct Cellular RNA Polymerases

ABSTRACT Cellular DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (pol II) has been postulated to carry out RNA-dependent RNA replication and transcription of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA, generating a full-length (1.7-kb) RNA genome and a subgenomic-length (0.8-kb) mRNA. However, the supporting evidence for this hypothesis was ambiguous because the previous experiments relied on DNA-templated transcription to initiate HDV RNA synthesis. Furthermore, there is no evidence that the same cellular enzyme is involved in the synthesis of both RNA species. In this study, we used a novel HDV RNA-based transfection approach, devoid of any artificial HDV cDNA intermediates, to determine the enzymatic and metabolic requirements for the synthesis of these two RNA species. We showed that HDV subgenomic mRNA transcription was inhibited by a low concentration of α-amanitin (<3 μg/ml) and could be partially restored by an α-amanitin-resistant mutant pol II; however, surprisingly, the synthesis of the full-length (1.7-kb) antigenomic RNA was not affected by α-amanitin to a concentration higher than 25 μg/ml. By several other criteria, such as the differing requirement for the de novo-synthesized hepatitis delta antigen and temperature dependence, we further showed that the metabolic requirements of subgenomic HDV mRNA synthesis are different from those for the synthesis of genomic-length HDV RNA and cellular pol II transcripts. The synthesis of the two HDV RNA species could also be uncoupled under several different conditions. These findings provide strong evidence that pol II, or proteins derived from pol II transcripts, is involved in mRNA transcription from the HDV RNA template. In contrast, the synthesis of the 1.7-kb HDV antigenomic RNA appears not to be dependent on pol II. These results reveal that there are distinct molecular mechanisms for the synthesis of these two RNA species.
Correlates of the Economic Status of Widowed and Divorced Elderly Women

Past studies of the economic status of widowed and divorced elderly women have focused mostly on the timing, incidence, and duration of their poverty but have neglected the analysis of the correlates of their economic status. The ordinary least squares regression analysis in this article shows that their economic status is commonly associated with such factors as the level of education, work history, and the Social Security primary insurance amount. The article also analyzes the differences between widows and divorcees and between those with substantial work histories and those with less substantial work histories.
Evaluation of rat liver apoptotic and necrotic cell death after cold storage using UW, HTK, and celsior

Background. The benefit of Celsior in liver graft preservation is controversial. In the isolated perfused rat liver model, we compared the effects of Celsior, University of Wisconsin (UW), and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) preservation solutions on liver cell death. Methods. Rat livers were stored at 4°C for 0, 8, 16, or 24 hr in either Celsior, UW, or HTK and reperfused for 90 min (37°C). Bile secretion and perfusate levels of liver enzymes and histone-associated DNA fragments were measured. Apoptosis and oncotic necrosis were analyzed in biopsies by DNA gel electrophoresis, hematoxylin and eosin histology, and enzyme histochemistry for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and 5′-nucleotidase (5′-NT). Results. Perfusate flow rate through the liver during perfusion did not significantly differ among preservation solutions. Bile secretion was best preserved in UW livers after 16-hr (versus HTK livers) and 24-hr storage (versus HTK and Celsior livers). Enzyme leakage from UW livers was lower compared with HTK livers after 8-hr storage (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT], LDH) and with Celsior and HTK livers after 16-hr (SGOT, LDH) and 24-hr storage (SGOT, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, LDH, purine nucleoside phosphorylase). In situ LDH and 5′-NT activities were best preserved in UW livers (up to 24 hr), whereas enzyme activities declined remarkably in HTK livers (after 8 hr) and Celsior livers (after 16 hr of cold storage). Although perfusate DNA fragment levels were repeatedly lowest from Celsior livers, apoptotic DNA laddering and the number of fragmented nuclei in hematoxylin and eosin sections was not different among livers after 8, 16, or 24 hr of storage. Conclusions. Celsior and UW are equally effective in preventing rat liver cell death after 0–16 hr of cold preservation as compared with the less effective HTK solution. After 24-hr cold storage, rat livers were best preserved in UW. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in mode of cell death (apoptosis or oncotic necrosis) after storage in any of the three solutions.
Learning for Biomedical Information Extraction: Methodological Review of Recent Advances

Biomedical information extraction (BioIE) is important to many applications, including clinical decision support, integrative biology, and pharmacovigilance, and therefore it has been an active research. Unlike existing reviews covering a holistic view on BioIE, this review focuses on mainly recent advances in learning based approaches, by systematically summarizing them into different aspects of methodological development. In addition, we dive into open information extraction and deep learning, two emerging and influential techniques and envision next generation of BioIE.
INFORMATIONAL AND COMPUTATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF SET PREDICTORS

There are two methods of set prediction that are provably valid under the assumption of randomness: transductive conformal prediction and inductive conformal prediction. The former method is informationally efﬁcient but often lacks computational efﬁciency. The latter method is, vice versa, computationally efﬁcient but less efﬁcient informa-tionally. This talk discusses a new method, which we call cross-conformal prediction, that combines informational efﬁciency of transductive conformal prediction with computational efﬁciency of inductive conformal prediction. The downside of the new method is that its validity is an empirical rather than mathematical fact.