Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The origin of the cosmic soft X-ray background: optical identification of an extremely deep ROSAT survey

We present the results of the deepest optically identified X-ray survey yet made. The X-ray survey was obtained with the ROSAT position-sensitive proportional counter (PSPC) and reaches a flux limit of 1.6 x 10(-15) erg cm(-2) s(-1) (0.5-2.0 keV). Above a flux limit of 2 x 10(-15) erg cm(-2) s(-1) we define a complete sample of 70 sources, of which 59 are identified. For a further five sources we have tentative identifications and for a further four the X-ray error boxes are blank to R = 23 mag. At brighter fluxes (greater than or equal to 10(-14) erg cm(-2) s(-1)) we confirm the results of previous less deep X-ray surveys, with 84 per cent of our sources being QSOs. However, at the faint flux limit the survey is dominated by a population of galaxies with narrow emission lines (NELGs). In addition, at intermediate fluxes we find a small number of groups and clusters of galaxies at redshifts generally >0.3. Most of these groups are poor systems of low X-ray Luminosity and the number that we find is consistent with a zero evolutionary scenario, unlike the situation for high-luminosity clusters at the same redshift. To a flux limit of 2 x 10(-15) erg cm(-2) s(-1), QSOs contribute > 31 per cent of the cosmic soft X-ray background (XRB), groups/clusters contribute similar to 10 per cent and NELGs contribute similar to 8 per cent. However, the QSO differential source count slope below 10(-14) erg cm(-2) s(-1) is similar to-1.4, severely sub-Euclidean, as is the (poorly defined) group/cluster slope, whereas the differential NELG slope is close to Euclidean (similar to-2.4). If the NELG source counts continue to rise at that slope, all of the remaining cosmic soft XRB will be explained by a flux limit of similar to 1-2 x 10(-16) erg cm(-2) s(-1), with NELGs contributing about one quarter of the XRB. The average NELG X-ray spectrum is harder than that of the QSOs, and similar to that of the remaining unresolved cosmic XRB, suggesting that NELGs will also be substantial contributors to the XRB at higher energies. The observed NELGs lie in the redshift range 0.1-0.6 and have M-R = -20 to -23, approximately 3 mag more luminous than typical field galaxies. They have predominantly blue colours, and some are definitely spirals, but the presence of some ellipticals cannot yet be ruled out. Many are in interacting or disturbed systems. The NELGs have optical spectra similar to those of the majority of the field galaxy population at a similar redshift and may simply be the more luminous members of the emission-line field galaxy population. Based on optical line ratios and X-ray/optical flux ratios, the NELGs, both as a sample and within individual galaxies, appear to be a mixture of starburst galaxies and true active galactic nuclei (AGN).
Wave-packet image fusion technique based on genetic algorithm

Image fusion is area of digital image processing which deals with combining the two complimentary images obtained from different sensors into one single image containing the most relevant information of the provided scene. Research domain of image fusion process is very vast. Application of image fusion ranges from medical field to satellite technology. This fused Image obtained after fusion process has characteristics of each input image. Here in our purposed work we want to fuse CT and MRI images. There are various standard method used for image fusion produce that produce good result spatial result but cause spatial noise. In this paper we represent image fusion technique that will provide better result using Discrete Wave Packet decomposition (DWPT) and optimize result using genetic algorithm (GA) than compare it with Intensity Hue Saturation (IHS) used for image fusion. Performance of purposed fusion technique is measured by mean, standard deviation, entropy, variance, mutual information, peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structure similarity.
Cerebral dominance for language function in adults with specific language impairment or autism

A link between developmental language disorders and atypical cerebral lateralization has been postulated since the 1920s, but evidence has been indirect and inconsistent. The current study investigated this proposal using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (fTCD), which assesses blood flow through the middle cerebral arteries serving the left and right cerebral hemispheres. A group of young adults with specific language impairment (SLI; n = 11) were recruited along with three comparison groups: (i) adults with a history of childhood SLI, but who did not meet criteria for language impairment in adulthood (SLI-history; n = 9); (ii) adults with an autism spectrum disorder and a comorbid language impairment (ASD; n = 11) and (iii) adults with no history of developmental disorder (typical; n = 11). There was no difference between the chronological age of the four groups, and the SLI and typical groups were individually matched on gender and handedness. During fTCD measurement, participants were asked to silently generate words starting with a given letter and then later required to verbalize these. All of the participants in the SLI-history group and the majority of participants in the ASD (81.8%) and typical (90.9%) groups had greater activation in the left compared to the right middle cerebral arteries, indicating left hemisphere dominance. In contrast, the majority of participants in the SLI groups had language function lateralized to the right hemisphere (54.5%) or dispersed bilaterally (27.3%). These findings suggest that atypical cerebral dominance is not implicated in all cases of poor language development (i.e. ASD and SLI-history groups), but may act as a biological marker of persisting SLI.
Experience in the design, implementation and use of a retargetable static binary translation framework

Binary translation, the process of translating binary executables, makes it possible to run code compiled for source (input) machine Ms on target (output) machine Mt. Unlike an interpreter or emulator, a binary translator makes it possible to approach the speed of native code on machine Mt. Translated code may still run slower than native code because low-level properties of machine Ms must often be modeled on machine Mt. The University of Queensland Binary Translation (UQBT) framework is a retargetable framework for experimenting with static binary translation on CISC and RISC machines. The system was built jointly by The University of Queensland and Sun Microsystems Laboratories in order to experiment with translations to and from different machines, to understand how to migrate applications from other UNIX®-based platforms to a (SPARC®, Solaris™) platform, and to experiment with translations from the current SPARC architecture to a future, not yet existing, version of the SPARC architecture. This paper describes the overall design and architecture of the UQBT framework, the goals for the project, the resulting framework, experiences with translations across different machines, and lessons learned.
Importance-driven texture encoding based on samples

In this paper, we present an importance-driven texture encoding algorithm based on samples. Our algorithm determines a set of samples from source texture based on combined criteria which include compression ratio, visual attention and parameterization distortion. The sample set is used to encode the majority parts of the texture. The remaining regions are then encoded by traditional compression algorithm such as vector quantization. Our method can preserve details of important areas and be extended to dynamic textures. The decoding procedure is performed entirely in programmable graphics hardware, yielding real-time frame rates. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and performance of our algorithm.
Need for narrative

ABSTRACT What do consumers need from a narrative? How can videographers satisfy those needs? Through semi-structured interviews with 55 Eurostar passengers from 14 countries, this film documents how people define narratives, why they need them, and how they experience the effects of need for narrative. The adjoining commentary contributes to the development of videography as an attractive method by introducing the videographer’s perspective and elucidating key story elements that can help satisfy viewers’ needs for narrative. The suggested approach maintains the vivid quality of videography and respects its methodological rigour, while increasing its effectiveness in close alignment with a consumer society that visual communication increasingly permeates. As such, the commentary and the film jointly unveil videographers’ etic and viewers’ emic use and evaluation of the videographic method.
A System for Assembling Specialized Textbooks from a Pool of Documents

We consider assembling specialized, customized textbooks from a large collection of SGML documents. Our prototype assembly framework allows the user to select parts of the documents in the collection and to form a new structured document. The order of a user is processed in the following way. (1) The user lls in and submits an HTML form. (2) The form is processed and the parts to be included in the assembled book are selected automatically. The choice is dependent both on the user's input and a few heuristic rules. (3) The texts and images are retrieved from the pool and the layout is created. (4) The books are printed and delivered to the client. In addition , we describe our experience on converting MS Word documents into tagged SGML format by presenting both the conversion architecture and lessons learned.
Flattop regulates basal body docking and positioning in mono- and multiciliated cells

Planar cell polarity (PCP) regulates basal body (BB) docking and positioning during cilia formation, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigate the uncharacterized gene Flattop (Fltp) that is transcriptionally activated during PCP acquisition in ciliated tissues. Fltp knock-out mice show BB docking and ciliogenesis defects in multiciliated lung cells. Furthermore, Fltp is necessary for kinocilium positioning in monociliated inner ear hair cells. In these cells, the core PCP molecule Dishevelled 2, the BB/spindle positioning protein Dlg3, and Fltp localize directly adjacent to the apical plasma membrane, physically interact and surround the BB at the interface of the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton. Dlg3 and Fltp knock-outs suggest that both cooperatively translate PCP cues for BB positioning in the inner ear. Taken together, the identification of novel BB/spindle positioning components as potential mediators of PCP signaling might have broader implications for other cell types, ciliary disease, and asymmetric cell division. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.03842. 001
Improving Documents Classification with Semantic Features

Successful text classification is highly dependent on the representations used. Currently, most approaches to text classification adopt the ‘bag-of-words’ document representation approach, where the frequency of occurrence of each word is considered as the most important feature, but this method ignores important semantic relationships between key terms. In this paper, we proposed a system that uses ontologies and Natural Language Processing techniques to index texts. Traditional BOW matrix is replaced by "Bag of Concepts" (BOC). For this purpose, we developed fully automated methods for mapping keywords to their corresponding ontology concepts. Support Vector Machine a successful machine learning technique is used for classification. Experimental results shows that our proposed method dose improve text classification performance significantly.
Positioning management accounting on the intellectual capital agenda

This paper presents a conceptual framework that situates, integrates and tests, using a structural equation model, the possible contribution of management accounting systems to the management of intellectual capital (IC). Drawing on perceptual data from Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) in an ICT sector the findings are mixed. They show positive path coefficients between management accounting systems, structural capital and business performance, as proposed by the model â€“ but none are statistically significant. Other relationships found, however, strongly support earlier work in the field of intellectual capital.
Computationally Efficient Method in the Meter-Wave Radar Low-Elevation Height-Finding Applications

Multipath reflection has great influence on the meter-wave radar low-elevation height-finding. In this paper, a computationally efficient method is presented fully using the information included in the received data covariance matrix. This method is proposed according to the spatial smoothing concept and the propagator operator method. The presented method constructs new forward and backward matrices based on the spatial smoothing idea, and then summing the obtained forward and backward matrices obtains the noise subspace with the propagator operator method. This algorithm estimates DOAs without the need to decorrelate and eigen-decompose. Therefore, the method has good estimation performance for the meter-wave radar height-finding with a small number of snapshots and at low SNR. Simulation experiments and real data processing results both demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in the meter-wave radar low-elevation height-finding applications.
Dynamical Formation of Dark Molecular Hydrogen Clouds around Diffuse H II Regions

We examine the process that triggers molecular cloud formation around diffuse H II regions. We calculate the time evolution of the shell, as well as the H II region, in a two-phase neutral medium, solving the UV and FUV radiative transfer and the thermal and chemical processes with a time-dependent hydrodynamics code. In the cold neutral medium, the ambient gas is swept up in a cold (T ~ 30-40 K) and dense (n ~ 103 cm-3) shell around the H II region. In the shell, H2 molecules are formed from the swept-up H I gas, but hardly any CO is formed. This is a result of the different efficiencies of self-shielding effects between H2 and CO molecules. The physical and chemical properties of gas in the shell are just intermediate between those of the neutral medium and molecular clouds observed in CO emission. We suggest that the predicted cold "dark" H I/H2 gas should be detectable as an H I self-absorption (HISA) feature. We have sought such features in recent observational data and found shell-like HISA features around the giant H II regions W4 and W5. These features shows good spatial correlation with dust emission, but poor correlation with CO emission. Our quantitative analysis shows that the HISA cloud can be as cold as a few tens of kelvins. In the warm neutral medium, on the other hand, an expanding diffuse H II region is much simpler, owing to a small pressure excess. The UV photons only ionize the neutral medium and produce a warm ionized medium.
2-Arachidonoylglycerol ameliorates inflammatory stress-induced insulin resistance in cardiomyocytes

Several studies have linked impaired glucose uptake and insulin resistance (IR) to functional impairment of the heart. Recently, endocannabinoids have been implicated in cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms involving endocannabinoid signaling, glucose uptake, and IR in cardiomyocytes are understudied. Here we report that the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), via stimulation of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase β, activates AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), leading to increased glucose uptake. Interestingly, we have observed that the mRNA expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors was decreased in diabetic mice, indicating reduced endocannabinoid signaling in the diabetic heart. We further establish that TNFα induces IR in cardiomyocytes. Treatment with 2-AG suppresses TNFα-induced proinflammatory markers and improves IR and glucose uptake. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of AMPK attenuates the anti-inflammatory effect and reversal of IR elicited by 2-AG. Additionally, in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes challenged with TNFα or FFA, we demonstrate that 2-AG improves insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake. In conclusion, 2-AG abates inflammatory responses, increases glucose uptake, and overcomes IR in an AMPK-dependent manner in cardiomyocytes.
Concerns Involving the Self: What Is It That You Really Worry about, Regret, or Are Anxious about, When Things Do Not Go Right for You?

In two studies conducted in the US and Japan in 2012, more than 1000 respondents in each country were asked to report their subjective opinions and attitudes about situations that caused them regret, concern, worry, and anxiety. Although exploratory factor analyses extracted many latent factors from the 80 questions, a common latent inner factor was extracted from five questions that examined key psychological phenomena: worry at the present time, bothersome concerns in the present, regret for the past, anxiety about the future, and unpleasant experience in the past. Confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling of the latent variables (SEM/LV) provided convincing evidence of the existence of the common latent inner factor in both countries. Because each of the five key phenomena reflected concerns involving the self, the common latent inner factor was labeled “Being unable to detach from concerns involving the self. ” The same latent inner factor was also confirmed in SEM/LV of the combined US- Japanese data. Women, younger people, and people with lower levels of education were less able to detach from concerns involving the self than were men, older people, and people with higher levels of education. This was true in the samples from both independent (US) and interdependent (Japan) cultures. Psychological and philosophical implications of the latent inner factor were discussed.
ChromoHub V2: cancer genomics

SUMMARY Cancer genomics data produced by next-generation sequencing support the notion that epigenetic mechanisms play a central role in cancer. We have previously developed Chromohub, an open access online interface where users can map chemical, structural and biological data from public repositories on phylogenetic trees of protein families involved in chromatin mediated-signaling. Here, we describe a cancer genomics interface that was recently added to Chromohub; the frequency of mutation, amplification and change in expression of chromatin factors across large cohorts of cancer patients is regularly extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the International Cancer Genome Consortium and can now be mapped on phylogenetic trees of epigenetic protein families. Explorators of chromatin signaling can now easily navigate the cancer genomics landscape of writers, readers and erasers of histone marks, chromatin remodeling complexes, histones and their chaperones. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION http://www.thesgc. org/chromohub/.
A CMOS image sensor for low light applications

We describe and analyze a novel CMOS pixel for high speed, low light imaging applications. The pixel achieves lower dark current and noise and increased gain in comparison with conventional three-transistor, one-photodiode active pixel sensors without sacrificing speed and scalability to large arrays. It accomplishes this by biasing the photodiode of each pixel near zero volts and by separating the photodiode from the floating diffusion integration node. An image sensor with a 256 times 256 array of these pixels was designed for a commercially available 0.18 mum CMOS technology. The pixel size is 5mu.m times 5mum with a fill factor of 31%. The chip area is 3000 mum times 3000mum. 1.8 V and 3.3 V power supplies are used for logic and sensor array, respectively. Differential output and chip level correlated-double sampling are used to suppress fixed pattern noise. Transmission gates with dummy transistors are incorporated into the readout chain to reduce both clock feedthrough and charge injection
Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Use in Inclusion Body Myositis: A Review of 6 Cases

Introduction: Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a slowly progressive degenerative inflammatory disorder affecting both proximal and distal muscles. Immunosuppressive therapies are generally ineffective in the treatment of this disorder, and most patients are resistant to steroid therapy. Some benefits with mild improvement were observed with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), particularly in patients with severe dysphagia. Objectives: The objective of this review was to describe the use of subcutaneous Ig (SCIg) in patients with IBM and to assess its feasibility. Results: This report reviews 6 cases of IBM treated with SCIg in clinical practice. All patients had received prior treatments for IBM, including immunosuppressive agents and IVIg. SCIg was administered over a long period of time, ranging from 4.5 to 27 months. No patient discontinued the SCIg because of a treatment-related event or safety issues. The 6 cases showed an improvement in muscle strength and resolution of dysphagia. For 2 patients, this improvement persisted for approximately 12 months. Conclusions: SCIg might be proposed as an alternative therapy to patients with IBM who are resistant to corticoids and immunosuppressive therapies. Our findings suggest that treatment with SCIg (Gammanorm 16.5%, Octapharma AB) is feasible and safe in patients with IBM.
Computer science students making games: a study on skill gaps and requirement

Computer science (CS) is a field of practical and scientific approach on computation and applications. Consequently, the CS students should be able to adjust to develop different types of software applications. However, even though video games are one type of software, they also impose additional requirements for the developers. In this paper we present the results of our qualitative studies on how prepared CS students are to function as game developers. The paper assesses the knowledge gaps between students majoring in computer science and game developer needs in two ways; a longitudinal study on a game development course and a focused case study on developing a game. Based on our results there are differences in communication and planning approaches between the CS students and game developers, and skill needs for game development content on a traditional computer science course curricula.