Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conflict resolution in universities: the Rennes University’s ombudsman

Starting in Sweden, where the institution originated in 1809, the origins of the ombudsman lie in the desire to control the power of state agencies. Since the 1960s, the profession of ombudsman has grown in the United States, particularly in corporations, universities and government agencies. This current model, sometimes referred to as an organizational ombudsman, works as a designated neutral party, one who is high ranking in an organization, but who is not considered management. In France, since 1973, there has been a government‐appointed ombudsman, the ‘Mediateur de la Republique’. More recently the Rennes University’s ombudsman was launched, created six years ago. The ombudsman provides a free mediation service with the purpose of resolving disputes between students and the Rennes University. The experience of the Rennes University’s ombudsman is utilized to examine traditional elements within the organizational ombudsman’s role. The history and context of the role and persons in it are discussed in .
External rotation stress imaging in syndesmotic injuries of the ankle: Comparison of lateral radiography and radiostereometry in a cadaveric model

We compared the value of 7.5 Nm external rotation stress in diagnosing tibiofibular syndesmotic injuries of the ankle on lateral radiographs with radiostereometric analysis (RSA) in 10 cadaveric legs. After sectioning 2 ligaments, RSA showed an increase in posterior translation and external rotation of the fibula. This increase in posterior translation was smaller than the posterior displacement of the fibula on the lateral radiograph, and RSA showed mainly an increase in external rotation of the fibula that can not be measured on conventional radiographs. We conclude that instability of the syndesmosis in cadaveric ankles can be detected with 7.5 Nm external rotation stress RSA, but that external rotation stress lateral radiography is unreliable.
Assessment of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels as Diagnostic Discriminator of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Due to HNF1A Mutations

OBJECTIVE Despite the clinical importance of an accurate diagnosis in individuals with monogenic forms of diabetes, restricted access to genetic testing leaves many patients with undiagnosed diabetes. Recently, common variation near the HNF1 homeobox A (HNF1A) gene was shown to influence C-reactive protein levels in healthy adults. We hypothesized that serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) could represent a clinically useful biomarker for the identification of HNF1A mutations causing maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Serum hs-CRP was measured in subjects with HNF1A-MODY (n = 31), autoimmune diabetes (n = 316), type 2 diabetes (n = 240), and glucokinase (GCK) MODY (n = 24) and in nondiabetic individuals (n = 198). The discriminative accuracy of hs-CRP was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and performance was compared with standard diagnostic criteria. Our primary analyses excluded ∼11% of subjects in whom the single available hs-CRP measurement was >10 mg/l. RESULTS Geometric mean (SD range) hs-CRP levels were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.009) for HNF1A-MODY individuals, 0.20 (0.03–1.14) mg/l, than for any other group: autoimmune diabetes 0.58 (0.10–2.75) mg/l, type 2 diabetes 1.33 (0.28–6.14) mg/l, GCK-MODY 1.01 (0.19–5.33) mg/l, and nondiabetic 0.48 (0.10–2.42) mg/l. The ROC-derived C-statistic for discriminating HNF1A-MODY and type 2 diabetes was 0.8. Measurement of hs-CRP, either alone or in combination with current diagnostic criteria, was superior to current diagnostic criteria alone. Sensitivity and specificity for the combined criteria approached 80%. CONCLUSIONS Serum hs-CRP levels are markedly lower in HNF1A-MODY than in other forms of diabetes. hs-CRP has potential as a widely available, cost-effective screening test to support more precise targeting of MODY diagnostic testing.
Longitudinal distribution of vascular resistance in the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins.

A new method has been described for measuring the pressure and resistance to blood flow in the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins. Studies were performed in dog isolated lung lobes perfused at constant flow with blood from a donor dog. Pulmonary artery and vein volume and total lobar blood volume were measured by the ether plethysmograph and dyedilution techniques. The longitudinal distribution of vascular resistance was determined by analyzing the decrease in perfusion pressure caused by a bolus of low viscosity liquid introduced into the vascular inflow of the lobe. The pulmonary arteries were responsible for 46% of total lobar vascular resistance, whereas the pulmonary capillaries and veins accounted for 34 and 20% of total lobar vascular resistance respectively. Vascular resistance was 322 dynes . sec.cm(-5)/ml of vessel in the lobar pulmonary arteries, 112 dynes.sec.cm(-5)/ml in the pulmonary capillaries, and 115 dynes.sec.cm(-5)/ml in the lobar pulmonary veins. Peak vascular resistivity (resistance per milliliter of volume) was in an area 2 ml proximal to the capillary bed, but resistivity was high throughout the pulmonary arterial tree. The pulmonary arteries accounted for approximately 50% of vascular resistance upstream from the sluice point when alveolar pressure exceeded venous pressure. The method described provides the first measurements of pulmonary capillary pressure. Mid-capillary pressure averaged 13.3 cm H(2)O, pulmonary artery pressure averaged 20.4 cm H(2)O, and pulmonary vein pressure averaged 9.2 cm H(2)O. These techniques also provide a way of analyzing arterial, capillary, and venous responses to various pharmacologic and physiologic stimuli.
Preparation and Characterization of Injectable Brushite Filled-Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Bone Cement

Powder-liquid poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cements are widely utilized for augmentation of bone fractures and fixation of orthopedic implants. These cements typically have an abundance of beneficial qualities, however their lack of bioactivity allows for continued development. To enhance osseointegration and bioactivity, calcium phosphate cements prepared with hydroxyapatite, brushite or tricalcium phosphates have been introduced with rather unsuccessful results due to increased cement viscosity, poor handling and reduced mechanical performance. This has limited the use of such cements in applications requiring delivery through small cannulas and in load bearing. The goal of this study is to design an alternative cement system that can better accommodate calcium-phosphate additives while preserving cement rheological properties and performance. In the present work, a number of brushite-filled two-solution bone cements were prepared and characterized by studying their complex viscosity-versus-test frequency, extrusion stress, clumping tendency during injection through a syringe, extent of fill of a machined void in cortical bone analog specimens, and compressive strength. The addition of brushite into the two-solution cement formulations investigated did not affect the pseudoplastic behavior and handling properties of the materials as demonstrated by rheological experiments. Extrusion stress was observed to vary with brushite concentration with values lower or in the range of control PMMA-based cements. The materials were observed to completely fill pre-formed voids in bone analog specimens. Cement compressive strength was observed to decrease with increasing concentration of fillers; however, the materials exhibited high enough strength for consideration in load bearing applications. The results indicated that partially substituting the PMMA phase of the two-solution cement with brushite at a 40% by mass concentration provided the best combination of the properties investigated. This alternative material may find applications in systems requiring highly injectable and viscous cements such as in the treatment of spinal fractures and bone defects.
Mutations in Hemagglutinin of H 5 N 1 Influenza That Switch Receptor Specificity from Avian to Human Types

Researchers have been searching for molecular features that could make avian H5N1 influenza transmissible among people since the first report of human infections with this virus in 1997. A recent study surprisingly demonstrated that only five mutations, fewer than previously estimated, are needed to make avian H5N1 influenza transmissible between ferrets through the air, raising fears that a human pandemic is possible if this virus escapes from the lab. Of the five mutations found, four of them are located in the HA gene that is responsible for the viral entry into the host cells. A crucial step for avian influenza to go across the species boundary to infect humans is the switch of its receptor binding specificity from avian to human types. The first task of this study was to quantify the individual as well as the collective effect of the known HA mutations from the previous research on receptor binding selection. Our second task was to identify new combinations of HA mutations that could change the receptor binding preference of H5N1 from avian to human types. Our findings thus deepened our understanding of the previous research and also extended its results by discovering new combinations of mutations that could enhance the binding of avian H5N1 to human type receptors while reduce that to avian types.
Control of basal extracellular adenosine concentration in rat cerebellum

To re‐examine how the basal extracellular concentration of adenosine is regulated in acutely isolated cerebellar slices we have combined electrophysiological and microelectrode biosensor measurements. In almost all cases, synaptic transmission was tonically inhibited by adenosine acting via A1 receptors. By contrast, in most slices, the biosensors did not measure an adenosine tone but did record a spatially non‐uniform extracellular tone of the downstream metabolites (inosine and hypoxanthine). Most of the extracellular hypoxanthine arose from the metabolism of inosine by ecto‐purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). Adenosine kinase was the major determinant of adenosine levels, as its inhibition increased both adenosine concentration and A1 receptor‐mediated synaptic inhibition. Breakdown of adenosine by adenosine deaminase was the major source of the inosine/hypoxanthine tone. However adenosine deaminase played a minor role in determining the level of adenosine at synapses, suggesting a distal location. Blockade of adenosine transport (by NBTI/dipyridamole) had inconsistent effects on basal levels of adenosine and synaptic transmission. Unexpectedly, application of NBTI/dipyridamole prevented the efflux of adenosine resulting from block of adenosine kinase at only a subset of synapses. We conclude that there is spatial variation in the functional expression of NBTI/dipyridamole‐sensitive transporters. The increased spatial and temporal resolution of the purine biosensor measurements has revealed the complexity of the control of adenosine and purine tone in the cerebellum.
Event Detection in Blogs using Temporal Random Indexing

Automatic event detection aims to identify novel, interesting topics as they are published online. While existing algorithms for event detection have focused on newswire releases, we examine how event detection can work on less structured corpora of blogs. The proliferation of blogs and other forms of self-published media have given rise to an ever-growing corpus of news, commentary and opinion texts. Blogs offer a major advantage for event detection as their content may be rapidly updated. However, blogs texts also pose a significant challenge in that the described events may be less easy to detect given the variety of topics, writing styles and possible author biases. We propose a new way of detecting events in this media by looking for changes in word semantics. We first outline a new algorithm that makes use of a temporally-annotated semantic space for tracking how words change semantics. Then we demonstrate how identified changes could be used to detect new events and their associated blog entries.
Human Amnion-Isolated Cells Normalize Blood Glucose in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

Whole pancreas or β-cell transplantation has opened the way for the treatment of advanced stage of diabetes mellitus. However, it is always limited by the scarcity of transplantation materials. The amniotic membrane is part of the fetal membrane and is composed of amniotic epithelium (HAE) and mesenchymal (HAM) cells that are derived from the inner cell mass in the blastocyst. Thus, HAE and HAM cells may have the potential to differentiate into various organs. The aim of our study was to assess the possibility of HAE cells differentiating into insulin-producing cells. In vitro, HAE cells stimulated with nicotinamide induced insulin mRNA in the culture cells. In vivo, HAE cells were capable of normalizing the blood glucose level of diabetic mice after several weeks of implantation into streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The distribution of human cells and human insulin secretion in mouse tissue studied by immunohistochemistry for anti-human-specific β-2-microglobulin and anti-human-specific insulin shows the same location in mouse tissue. These studies suggest that HAE cells have the potential to differentiate into β-cells in vivo, and hence that HAE cells have therapeutic potential for the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus.
Capacity Sharing and Stealing in Dynamic Server-based Real-Time Systems

This paper proposes a dynamic scheduler that supports the coexistence of guaranteed and non-guaranteed bandwidth servers to efficiently handle soft-tasks' overloads by making additional capacity available from two sources: (i) residual capacity allocated but unused when jobs complete in less than their budgeted execution time; (ii) stealing capacity from inactive non-isolated servers used to schedule best-effort jobs. The effectiveness of the proposed approach in reducing the mean tardiness of periodic jobs is demonstrated through extensive simulations. The achieved results become even more significant when tasks' computation times have a large variance.
Screening aquatic ecosystems for mutagens with fern bio-assays

Recent researches on the royal fern, Osmunda regalis, have documented a high incidence of post-zygotic mutational damage in a population growing in a river heavily polluted with paper processing wastes, whereas genetic studies of nearby populations in nonpolluted environments failed to detect mutational damage. Intensive genetic and cytogenetic studies of mutation in O. regalis indicates that natural populations of homosporous ferns may be useful in situ bioassay systems for monitoring the presence of mutagens in aquatic ecosystems. Since these organisms are long-lived perennials with an ontogenetic system which stores mutational damage, they can be manipulated to give an integrated estimate of mutational damage for specified blocks of time (in units of years). Thus, the fern bioassay may be an inexpensive means of detecting both chronic low dose and episodic high dose inputs of mutagenic pollutants into aquatic ecosystems. The fern mutagen bioassay is based upon the detection of numerous categories of post-zygotic mutation load in natural fern populations. The frequency of sporophytic and embryonic lethals, leaf or root mutations, auxotrophic gametophytic mutations as well as numerous phenotypic alterations of gametophyte morphology can be routinely detected and quantified. In addition, various two-break chromosome aberrations (paracentric inversions, reciprocal translocations and ring chromosomes) can be readily screened for in the spore mother cells of many homosporous ferns.
Supporting long-term collaboration in software maintenance

The maintenance of large software systems is a collaborative activity requiring the combined efforts of a team of maintenance engineers. Due to the extended time period over which maintenance occurs, direct communication between these team members is however, difficult or impossible. This paper presents a system which supports long-term collaboration in software maintenance by allowing maintenance rationale to be captured and shared by maintenance engineers. The system concentrates on the construction of maintenance rationale by providing a range of unconstrained documentation facilities. The general model adopted exploits hypertext technology to allow rationale to be integrated into the system by attaching comments to the appropriate source component.
Affective diary: designing for bodily expressiveness and self-reflection

A diary provides a useful means to express inner thoughts and record experiences of past events. In re-readings, it also provides a resource for reflection, allowing us to re-experience, brood over or even shed the thoughts and feelings we've associated with events or people. To expand on the ways in which we creatively engage in diary-keeping, we have designed an affective diary that captures some of the physical, bodily aspects of experiences and emotions--what we refer to as "affective body memorabilia". The affective diary assembles sensor data, captured from the user and uploaded via their mobile phone, to form an ambiguous, abstract colourful body shape. With a range of other materials from the mobile phone, such as text and MMS messages, photographs, etc., these shapes are made available to the user. Combining these materials, the diary is designed to invite reflection and to allow the user to piece together their own stories.
The Algorithm of Nonlinear Interpolation Segmentation Based on Distance Mask

Although medical image segmentation is very important in the clinical application, how to obtain an accurate and quickly image segmentation is a difficulty to overcome because the distribution of gray is asymmetric and the number of the date is large. Basing the distance field, an algorithm of nonlinear image interpolation segmentation is presented. Algorithm adopts the cosine non-linear instead of the linear function to estimate the interpolation. In this process, the serial slices is segmented quickly and the result of the 3D reconstruction is relative accurate. The experiment shows that the algorithm can generate accurate result and can be successively applied in a 3D medical image visualization and reconstruction system
Comparative analysis of algorithms for identifying amplifications and deletions in array CGH data

MOTIVATION Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) can reveal chromosomal aberrations in the genomic DNA. These amplifications and deletions at the DNA level are important in the pathogenesis of cancer and other diseases. While a large number of approaches have been proposed for analyzing the large array CGH datasets, the relative merits of these methods in practice are not clear. RESULTS We compare 11 different algorithms for analyzing array CGH data. These include both segment detection methods and smoothing methods, based on diverse techniques such as mixture models, Hidden Markov Models, maximum likelihood, regression, wavelets and genetic algorithms. We compute the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves using simulated data to quantify sensitivity and specificity for various levels of signal-to-noise ratio and different sizes of abnormalities. We also characterize their performance on chromosomal regions of interest in a real dataset obtained from patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme. While comparisons of this type are difficult due to possibly sub-optimal choice of parameters in the methods, they nevertheless reveal general characteristics that are helpful to the biological investigator.
Model-Based Detection and Tracking of Single Moving Object Using Laser Range Finder

Autonomous vehicles navigation in urban area suppose to deal with static and dynamic objects. To ensure safe autonomous navigation, the detection accuracy of a moving object is very critical to avoid false alarm while tracking the direction of moving object for collision avoidance. This paper presents the experimental results of the proposed Detection and Tracking Moving Object (DATMO) algorithm for a single moving object. Experiments were conducted in outdoor environment using a vehicle equipped with a laser range finder to provide the input data to the DATMO algorithm while the Kalman filter with the integration of constant velocity (CV) model was used for tracking. The results from the experiments showed that the DATMO algorithm developed successfully tracks a single moving object in an outdoor environment.
Efficient implementation of elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) key distribution algorithm in pool-based cryptographic systems (PBCSs)

In Reference [1], the subject of efficient use of random numbers was studied. We gave examples for inefficient and efficient use of random numbers for the case which a random number r is generated according to the rule r < n, where r and n are k-bit integers and n is a fixed integer. In this work, we will show how to apply the 2 methods presented in [1] while implementing elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) algorithm in pool-based cryptographic systems (PBCSs). In this work, we also present a 3. method to use random numbers more efficiently and compare all the 3 methods. To our knowledge, this is the first work on using pool-based random numbers in the implementations of ECDH algorithm.
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A Distributed IDS for Ad Hoc Networks

The intrusion detection systems (IDS) are usually designed to work on local networks. However, with the development of mobile networks and their applications, it became necessary to develop new architectures for IDSs to act on these networks in order to detect problems and ensure the correct operation of data communications and its applications. This paper presents a distributed IDS model for mobile ad hoc networks that can identify and punish those network nodes that have malicious behavior. In this paper we describe the proposed model, making a comparison with major efforts in the literature on distributed intrusion detection systems for mobile ad hoc networks.