Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaporation-assisted formation of surface patterns from polymer solutions via copper tubes

Surface patterns with controllable features are constructed via the evaporation of an acetone solution of poly (methyl methacrylate) under the confinement of a copper tube. The effects of the dimensions of copper tube and the substrate temperature on the surface patterns are systematically studied. For the substrate temperature in the range of 30 to 50°C, the surface patterns are concentric rings consisting of waved rings and/or linked beads. The wavelength of the concentric rings decreases with the increase of the height of copper tube, and is dependent on the substrate temperature. At the substrate temperature of 20°C, surface patterns are presented in wrinkling-like shape. At the substrate temperature of 10°C, ‘breath figure’ phenomenon occurs, and ‘hole network’ patterns are formed. A summary of the geometrical characteristics of the surface patterns is given, which can be used to better design and control evaporation-induced surface patterns.
Stress analysis of 3D textile composites using high performance computing: new insights and challenges

A finite element analysis (FEA) framework that leverages high-performance computing (HPC) was used to analyze a non-idealized 2x2 orthogonally woven textile model, which was created using VTMS. Since the geometry was not idealized, simple boundary conditions were applied to a large analysis region and an interior subregion was used for investigating the stresses. The variation of the cross-sectional area was investigated, showing that the area varied by 26% within the tows near the top and bottom of the textile model. However, tows near the middle of the textile experienced very little variation in the cross-sectional area. The locations of severe stresses were investigated for two configurations: uniaxial tension along the binder direction and uniaxial tension transverse to the binder direction. It was shown that transverse tension in the tows perpendicular to the load was the most severe stress for both configurations, but the second most severe stress differed for the two configurations. When the load was aligned with the binders’ paths, the second most severe type of stress was transverse tension and longitudinal shear within the binders near the region where they traversed through the thickness of the textile. However, when the load was perpendicular to the binders’ paths, a severe longitudinal shear stress formed in the wefts.
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports Real-time Search in the Laboratory and the Market

This paper presents preliminary findings and is being distributed to economists and other interested readers solely to stimulate discussion and elicit comments. The views expressed in the paper are those of the authors and are not necessarily reflective of views at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the authors. Abstract While widely accepted models of labor market search imply a constant reservation wage policy, the empirical evidence strongly suggests that reservation wages decline in the duration of search. This paper reports the results of the first real-time-search laboratory experiment. The controlled environment that subjects face is stationary, and the payoff-maximizing reservation wage is constant. Nevertheless, subjects' reservation wages decline sharply over time. We investigate two hypotheses to explain this decline: 1) searchers respond to the stock of accruing search costs, and 2) searchers experience nonstationary subjective costs of time spent searching. Our data support the latter hypothesis, and we substantiate this conclusion both experimentally and econometrically. Science. Judy Goldberg provided valuable research assistance. Raj Advani and Jay Ezrielev were responsible for the experiment programming. An editor and three anonymous referees provided many valuable comments, as did seminar participants at Queen's University, Université Laval, and the Midwest Economics Association. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System.
Cumulative role of rare and common putative functional genetic variants at NPAS3 in schizophrenia susceptibility

Schizophrenia may be considered a human‐specific disorder arisen as a maladaptive by‐product of human‐specific brain evolution. Therefore, genetic variants involved in susceptibility to schizophrenia may be identified among those genes related to acquisition of human‐specific traits. NPAS3, a transcription factor involved in central nervous system development and neurogenesis, seems to be implicated in the evolution of human brain, as it is the human gene with most human‐specific accelerated elements (HAEs), i.e., . mammalian conserved regulatory sequences with accelerated evolution in the lineage leading to humans after human‐chimpanzee split. We hypothesize that any nucleotide variant at the NPAS3 HAEs may lead to altered susceptibility to schizophrenia. Twenty‐one variants at these HAEs detected by the 1000 genomes Project, as well as five additional variants taken from psychiatric genome‐wide association studies, were genotyped in 538 schizophrenic patients and 539 controls from Galicia. Analyses at the haplotype level or based on the cumulative role of the variants assuming different susceptibility models did not find any significant association in spite of enough power under several plausible scenarios regarding direction of effect and the specific role of rare and common variants. These results suggest that, contrary to our hypothesis, the special evolution of the NPAS3 HAEs in Homo relaxed the strong constraint on sequence that characterized these regions during mammalian evolution, allowing some sequence changes without any effect on schizophrenia risk. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
No substitute for real data: A cautionary note on the use of phylogenies from birth–death polytomy resolvers for downstream comparative analyses

The statistical estimation of phylogenies is always associated with uncertainty, and accommodating this uncertainty is an important component of modern phylogenetic comparative analysis. The birth–death polytomy resolver is a method of accounting for phylogenetic uncertainty that places missing (unsampled) taxa onto phylogenetic trees, using taxonomic information alone. Recent studies of birds and mammals have used this approach to generate pseudoposterior distributions of phylogenetic trees that are complete at the species level, even in the absence of genetic data for many species. Many researchers have used these distributions of phylogenies for downstream evolutionary analyses that involve inferences on phenotypic evolution, geography, and community assembly. I demonstrate that the use of phylogenies constructed in this fashion is inappropriate for many questions involving traits. Because species are placed on trees at random with respect to trait values, the birth–death polytomy resolver breaks down natural patterns of trait phylogenetic structure. Inferences based on these trees are predictably and often drastically biased in a direction that depends on the underlying (true) pattern of phylogenetic structure in traits. I illustrate the severity of the phenomenon for both continuous and discrete traits using examples from a global bird phylogeny.
A theoretical analysis of Deep Neural Networks for texture classification

We investigate the use of Deep Neural Networks for the classification of image datasets where texture features are important for generating class-conditional discriminative representations. To this end, we first derive the size of the feature space for some standard textural features extracted from the input dataset and then use the theory of Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension to show that hand-crafted feature extraction creates low-dimensional representations which help in reducing the overall excess error rate. As a corollary to this analysis, we derive for the first time upper bounds on the VC dimension of Convolutional Neural Network as well as Dropout and Dropconnect networks and the relation between excess error rate of Dropout and Dropconnect networks. The concept of intrinsic dimension is used to validate the intuition that texture-based datasets are inherently higher dimensional as compared to handwritten digits or other object recognition datasets and hence more difficult to be shattered by neural networks. We then derive the mean distance from the centroid to the nearest and farthest sampling points in an n-dimensional manifold and show that the Relative Contrast of the sample data vanishes as dimensionality of the underlying vector space tends to infinity.
Interactive Document Display and its Use in Information Retrieval

Computers with graphics screens and pointing devices such as the ‘mouse’ provide the opportunity for highly interactive user interfaces. This paper describes some novel software for displaying documents on graphics screens: the software provides a fast and simple way for users to peruse documents and to examine the parts that interest them. One application of the software is as a front end to a document retrieval system, since it provides a way for users to identify quickly the records that are of relevance to them and to provide feedback between the user and the underlying retrieval system.
Pharmacogenomic Identification of Targets for Adjuvant Therapy with the Topoisomerase Poison Camptothecin

The response of tumor cells to the unusual form of DNA damage caused by topoisomerase poisons such as camptothecin (CPT) is poorly understood, and knowledge regarding which drugs can be effectively combined with CPT is lacking. To better understand the response of tumor cells to CPT and to identify potential targets for adjuvant therapy, we examined global changes in mRNA abundance in HeLa cells after CPT treatment using Affymetrix U133A GeneChips, which include all annotated human genes (22,283 probe sets). Statistical analysis of the data using a Bayesian/Cyber t test and a modified Benjamini and Hochberg correction for multiple hypotheses testing identified 188 probe sets that are induced and 495 that are repressed 8 h after CPT treatment at a False Discovery Rate of <0.05 and a minimum 3-fold change. This pharmacogenomic approach led us to identify two pathways that are CPT induced: (a) the epidermal growth factor receptor; and (b) nuclear factor-κB-regulated antiapoptotic factors. Experiments using HeLa cells in our lab and prior animal model studies performed elsewhere confirm that inhibitors of these respective pathways super-additively enhance CPT’s cytotoxicity, suggesting their potential as targets for adjuvant therapy with CPT.
Impact of Nucleotide Mutations at the HNF3- and HNF4-Binding Sites in Enhancer 1 on Viral Replication in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Background/Aims The hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome contains binding sites for hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF) 3 and 4 in the core domain of enhancer 1 (Enh1), and mutations in this domain have a strong impact on virus replication. We aimed to identify frequent base-mutation sites in the core domain of Enh1 and to examine the impact of these mutations on viral replication. Methods We studied virological characteristics and genetic sequences in 387 patients with chronic hepatitis B. We evaluated functional differences associated with specific mutations within the core domain of Enh1. Results Mutations in the core domain were found with significant frequency in C1126 (122/387 [31.5%], the binding site for HNF3) and in C1134 (106/387 [27.4%], the binding site for HNF4). A single mutation at nt 1126 (C1126) was identified in 17/123 (13.8%), and 105/123 (85.4%) had double mutations (C1126/1134). The level of HBV DNA (log10 copies/mL) was lower in single mutants (C1126, 5.81±1.25) than in wild (6.80±1.65) and double mutants (C1126/1134, 6.81±1.54). Similarly, the relative luciferase activity of C1126 and C1126/C1134 was 0.18 and 1.12 times that of the wild-type virus, respectively. Conclusions Mutations in the HNF3 binding site inhibit viral replication, whereas mutations at the HNF4 binding site restore viral replication.
Prognosis of cortical blindness following cardiac arrest in children.

Three patients between the ages of 2 and 3 years are described, in whom severe neuropsychiatric deficits, cortical blindness in particular, which followed cardiac arrest were largely dissipated over long follow-up periods. The degree of recovery from postarrest cortical blindness cannot be immediately gauged, but absolute pessimism is unwarranted. Total body cooling following cardiac arrest is stressed, as are other routine measures in the management of these patients.
Gene Regulation of Pteridine Reductase 1 in Leishmania Promastigotes and Amastigotes Using a Full-Length Antisense Construct

Background Pteridine metabolic pathway is unusual features of Leishmania, which is necessary for the growth of parasite. Leishmania has evolved a complex and versatile pteridine salvage network which has the ability of scavenging a wide area of the conjugated and unconjugated pteridines especially folate and biopterin. In this study, we focus on the inhibition of ptr1 gene expression. Methods L. major ptr1 gene was cloned into pcDNA3 and digested using KpnI and BamHI. The gene was subcloned so that antisense will transcribe and called pcDNA-rPTR. Leishmania major was cultured and late logarithmic-phase promastigotes were harvested. The promastigotes were divided into two groups. One group was transfected with 50 µg of pcDNA-rPTR, whereas the other group was transfected with pcDNA3. Transfected cells were cultured and plated onto semi-solid media. Mouse pritonean macrophages were transfected using pcDNA-rPTR–tansfected promastigotes. Western blotting was performed on mouse transfected pritonean macrophages and extracts from transfected promastigotes of L. major using a L. major ptr1 antibody raised in rabbits. Results The PTR1 protein was not expressed in pcDNA-rPTR– tansfected promastigotes and mouse macrophage transfected with pcDNA-rPTR– tansfected promastigotes. Conclusion This approach might be used to study the pteridine salvage pathway in Leishmania or to assess the possibility of using gene expression inhibition in the treatment of leishmaniasis.
The pharmacokinetics of glatiramer acetate for multiple sclerosis treatment

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T-cell-mediated disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by demyelination and axonal degeneration. INF-β1b was the first drug approved for MS patients in 1993. In 1996, glatiramer acetate (GA), a synthetic copolymer, was approved in the USA for the treatment of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Although the immunological action of GA has been fully investigated, the exact mechanisms of action of GA are still not completely elucidated. Several in vitro studies on mice and human antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have shown that GA is able to bind to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), on the surface of APCs, recognizing myelin basic protein (MBP). Areas covered: This review explores the pharmacological characteristics of GA, its mechanism of action and its pharmacokinetics properties. The article also provides information on the efficacy, tolerability and an overview of the most important clinical data on GA. Expert opinion: Despite the development of novel compounds, it is not surprising that GA is, to date, one of the most prescribed drugs for RRMS patients and CIS patients. The proven efficacy and the mild adverse events, makes GA a good therapeutic option in the early stage of the disease. This is particularly useful for patients who suffer flu-like symptoms from other RRMS therapies as an alternative.
PARALLEL-TCOFFEE: A parallel multiple sequence aligner

A method and composition for controlling odor emission from toilet holding tanks for prolonged intervals of at least 48 hours consisting essentially of adding to the toilet holding tank an effective amount of an additive composition consisting essentially of a quaternary compound selected from the class consisting of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and alkyl diethyl benzyl ammonium chloride where the alkyl group contains 12-18 carbon atoms, inclusive; formaldehyde; and an acid buffer sufficient to buffer the composition in the toilet system to a pH in the range of 4-5. The effective amount is that which is sufficient to maintain a concentration of at least 100 parts per million of the additive composition throughout the prolonged interval.
Parsing English with a Link Grammar

We define a new formal grammatical system called a link grammar. A sequence of words is in the language of a link grammar if there is a way to draw links between words in such a way that (1) the local requirements of each word are satisfied, (2) the links do not cross, and (3) the words form a connected graph. We have encoded English grammar into such a system, and written a program (based on new algorithms) for efficiently parsing with a link grammar. The formalism is lexical and makes no explicit use of constituents and categories. The breadth of English phenomena that our system handles is quite large. A number of sophisticated and new techniques were used to allow efficient parsing of this very complex grammar. Our program is written in C, and the entire system may be obtained via anonymous ftp. Several other researchers have begun to use link grammars in their own research.
A Unified Theory of Irony and Its Computational Formalization

This paper presents a unified theory of verbal irony for developing a computational model of irony. The theory claims that an ironic utterance implicitly communicates the fact that its utterance situation is surrounded by ironic environment which has three properties, but hearers can assume an utterance to be ironic even when they recognize that it implicitly communicates only two of the three properties. Implicit communication of three properties is accomplished in such a way that an utterance alludes to the speaker's expectation, violates pragmatic principles, and implies the speaker's emotional attitude. This paper also describes a method for computationally formalizing ironic environment and its implicit communication using situation theory with action theory.
Laser Cooling and Trapping of Neutral Atoms

This article presents a review of some of the principal techniques of laser cooling and trapping that have been developed during the past 20 years. Its approach is primarily experimental, but its quantitative descriptions are consistent in notation with most of the theoretical literature. Keywords: laser cooling; atom trapping; optical lattice; Bose–Einstein condensation
Fuzzy Modelling for Human Dynamics Based on Online Social Networks

Human mobility mining has attracted a lot of attention in the research community due to its multiple implications in the provisioning of innovative services for large metropolises. In this scope, Online Social Networks (OSN) have arisen as a promising source of location data to come up with new mobility models. However, the human nature of this data makes it rather noisy and inaccurate. In order to deal with such limitations, the present work introduces a framework for human mobility mining based on fuzzy logic. Firstly, a fuzzy clustering algorithm extracts the most active OSN areas at different time periods. Next, such clusters are the building blocks to compose mobility patterns. Furthermore, a location prediction service based on a fuzzy rule classifier has been developed on top of the framework. Finally, both the framework and the predictor has been tested with a Twitter and Flickr dataset in two large cities.
Budget Constraints and Demand Reduction in Simultaneous Ascending-Bid Auctions

The possibility, even if arbitrarily small, of binding budget constraints in simultaneous ascending bid auctions induces strategic demand reduction and generates significant inefficiencies. Under mild conditions on the distributions of the bidders' values, unconstrained bidders behave as if they were liquidity constrained, even as the probability that bidders are budget constrained goes to zero.
Friction Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel with Copper Material

Austenitic stainless steels are most preferred over other types of stainless steel families. Welding of stainless steel using friction welding is widely seen in the current scenario. Since the time consumed for friction welding is very less, metallurgical defects are almost reduced without preand postheat treatment. The problems encountered in friction welding during joining of austenitic stainless steel are very limited when compared to fusion welding process. The studies have undergone with joining of austenitic stainless steel and copper material to evaluate the friction welding parameter for finding the good bond strength.
Effects of optimized mixtures containing phenolic compounds on the oxidative stability of sausages

Phenolic compounds were applied in a sausage formulation as a substitute for artificial sodium erythorbate used as antioxidant. Five assays were prepared in which sodium erythorbate control at 0.05 g/100 g was replaced with a hydrosoluble mixture containing caffeic acid + carnosic acid (47% + 53%) and a liposoluble mixture containing quercetin + rutin (67% + 33%) in two final concentrations (0.05 g/100 g and 0.08 g/100 g). Physico-chemical, color, texture, and sensory parameters were measured on the first day and after 45 days of storage at 4 °C. All phenolic compound mixtures were able to maintain oxidative stability in the sausages when measured by the malondialdehyde concentration, which was expressed as TBARS. The mixture containing quercetin + rutin at 0.05 g/100 g showed lower malondialdehyde formation after 45 days of storage, and no sensory differences from the sausage adopted as control.
Accuracy and reliability of continuous glucose monitoring systems: a head-to-head comparison.

OBJECTIVE This study assessed the accuracy and reliability of three continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the Animas® (West Chester, PA) Vibe™ with Dexcom® (San Diego, CA) G4™ version A sensor (G4A), the Abbott Diabetes Care (Alameda, CA) Freestyle® Navigator I (NAV), and the Medtronic (Northridge, CA) Paradigm® with Enlite™ sensor (ENL) in 20 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. All systems were investigated both in a clinical research center (CRC) and at home. In the CRC, patients received a meal with a delayed and increased insulin dose to induce a postprandial glucose peak and nadir. Hereafter, randomization determined which two of the three systems would be worn at home until the end of functioning, attempting use beyond manufacturer-specified lifetime. Patients performed at least five reference finger sticks per day. An analysis of variance was performed on all data points ≥15 min apart. RESULTS Overall average mean absolute relative difference (MARD) (SD) measured at the CRC was 16.5% (14.3%) for NAV and 16.4% (15.6%) for ENL, outperforming G4A at 20.5% (18.2%) (P<0.001). Overall MARD when assessed at home was 14.5% (16.7%) for NAV and 16.5 (18.8%) for G4A, outperforming ENL at 18.9% (23.6%) (P=0.006). Median time until end of functioning was similar: 10.0 (1.0) days for G4A, 8.0 (3.5) days for NAV, and 8.0 (1.5) days for ENL (P=0.119). CONCLUSIONS In the CRC, G4A was less accurate than NAV and ENL sensors, which seemed comparable. However, at home, ENL was less accurate than NAV and G4A. Moreover, CGM systems often show sufficient accuracy to be used beyond manufacturer-specified lifetime.