Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Conduction in a Bacterial Sodium Channel

Voltage-gated Na+-channels are transmembrane proteins that are responsible for the fast depolarizing phase of the action potential in nerve and muscular cells. Selective permeability of Na+ over Ca2+ or K+ ions is essential for the biological function of Na+-channels. After the emergence of the first high-resolution structure of a Na+-channel, an anionic coordination site was proposed to confer Na+ selectivity through partial dehydration of Na+ via its direct interaction with conserved glutamate side chains. By combining molecular dynamics simulations and free-energy calculations, a low-energy permeation pathway for Na+ ion translocation through the selectivity filter of the recently determined crystal structure of a prokaryotic sodium channel from Arcobacter butzleri is characterised. The picture that emerges is that of a pore preferentially occupied by two ions, which can switch between different configurations by crossing low free-energy barriers. In contrast to K+-channels, the movements of the ions appear to be weakly coupled in Na+-channels. When the free-energy maps for Na+ and K+ ions are compared, a selective site is characterised in the narrowest region of the filter, where a hydrated Na+ ion, and not a hydrated K+ ion, is energetically stable.
Attitudes and Habit in Value Perception for Foods

ABSTRACT Despite the fact that attitudes and habit can substantially aid understanding of individual food purchase behavior, no theoretical framework explains how these two factors interact and influence behavior in the presence of the respective other factor. Due to this gap in the scientific literature, this study presents a model that focuses on direct attitude and habit effects as well as on attitude–habit interactions. The proposed model is tested by employing household panel data on two food product categories. The robustness of estimation results is ensured by applying a multilevel model that accounts for individual heterogeneity. Results show that both attitudes and habits contribute to explaining purchase behavior. However, in the presence of strong habits the effects of attitudes become smaller even if attitudes are strong. These results imply that attitudes and habits are linked hierarchically. As habits control attitude effects, food marketers must find strategies to help customers overcoming habitual purchase behavior. Some of these strategies are discussed at the end of this article.
EDISON: Feature Extraction for NLP, Simplified

When designing Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications that use Machine Learning (ML) techniques, feature extraction becomes a significant part of the development effort, whether developing a new application or attempting to reproduce results reported for existing NLP tasks. We present EDISON, a Java library of feature generation functions used in a suite of state-of-the-art NLP tools, based on a set of generic NLP data structures. These feature extractors populate simple data structures encoding the extracted features, which the package can also serialize to an intuitive JSON file format that can be easily mapped to formats used by ML packages. EDISON can also be used programmatically with JVM-based (Java/Scala) NLP software to provide the feature extractor input. The collection of feature extractors is organised hierarchically and a simple search interface is provided. In this paper we include examples that demonstrate the versatility and ease-of-use of the EDISON feature extraction suite to show that this can significantly reduce the time spent by developers on feature extraction design for NLP systems. The library is publicly hosted at https://github.com/IllinoisCogComp/illinois-cogcomp-nlp/, and we hope that other NLP researchers will contribute to the set of feature extractors. In this way, the community can help simplify reproduction of published results and the integration of ideas from diverse sources when developing new and improved NLP applications.
Fault-tolerant topology control in aeronautical ad hoc networks

Aeronautical ad hoc network (AANET) is a new sort of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) whose airborne nodes (ANs) move fleetly and the corresponding topology changes rapidly. Fault-tolerance against node failures is a desirable property for communication topology of such networks especially when AANET is used for military applications. ANs rapidly move depending on the objective they try to achieve, thus the topology needs to be controlled periodically. ANs have a fixed transmission range, so additional relay nodes (RNs) are required for construction of a fault-tolerant topology among network nodes. As ANs move, the RNs need to move as well and it is desirable to move them a minimum amount to re-establish the topology as quickly as possible. We propose an online algorithm for RNs' movement control to maintain the AANET fault-tolerant during running time and the total distance RNs need to move is minimum. We show via simulations that the algorithm has good performance and it is applicable to the highly-dynamic aeronautical environment.
A Comparative Study of Hierarchical DHT Systems

Much research in the last few years has been devoted to development of efficient structured peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay networks, which offer distributed hash table (DHT) functionality. Most of these systems have been devised as flat, non-hierarchical structures, in contrast to the most scalable distributed systems of the past. To cope with this, a significant number of hierarchical DHT designs have been proposed in the literature. Unfortunately, no design is "universally" better. Actually, what is lacking is an analytic framework to identify the good hierarchical design for a given workload. In this paper, we provide such a framework, and we use it to compare the two main hierarchical DHT designs: The homogenous design, in which all nodes act equal roles, against the superpeer design, in which a small subset of peers (i.e., the most powerful and stable), behave as proxies, interconnecting clusters with highly dynamic membership. Our analysis reveals that, on the contrary to what was initially expected, the costs incurred by hierarchical superpeer design are not necessarily minimized.
Transverse Momentum Distributions of Quarks from the Lattice using Extended Gauge Links

We present preliminary numerical studies in Lattice QCD related to the intrinsic transverse momentum distribution of partons in the nucleon. We employ non-local operators, consisting of spatially separated quark creation and annihilation opera tors connected by a straight Wilson line. A clear signal is already obtained from a small number of confi gurations at a pion mass mπ ≈ 600 MeV. As an example, we demonstrate that we can obtain the first x-moment of the transverse momentum dependent parton distribution function f n=1 1 (~kT) from our data. Our results, which are not renormalized, show a Gaussian-like distribution. The root mean squared transverse momentum is q h ~k 2 i ≈ 560 MeV for a Gaussian fit, close to phenomenological values.
Does ability to bounce back depend on education

One of the most conspicuous symbol of poverty in India is growing population of children in slums. Probing the role of education on the ability to bounce back from adversities was the aim of this investigation. One hundred adolescents living in slums with half of them receiving formal education and other half not receiving any education (drop outs) were sampled and assessed. t test was used to determine the difference in the mean scores of this ability to bounce back in these two subsamples. Results revealed a significant difference in this regard. Majority of non-school going slum adolescents expressed a wish to go to school if they get a chance again. As far as the reason for not going to school was concerned, majority of them reported lack of interest and poverty as main causes. Majority spent their day just working as rag pickers, labourers or selling vegetables or fruits. A little more than half of the total sample reported that they were not encouraged by anybody to go to school. While those who were encouraged, revealed that they were motivated by their parents.
Effect of Addition of Curcumin Nanoparticles on Antimicrobial Property and Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Composite to Bovine Enamel

Objectives: This study sought to assess the effect of curcumin nanoparticles (curcNPs) on antimicrobial property and shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic composite to bovine enamel. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 1%, 5% and 10% curcNPs were added to Transbond XT composite. Stainless steel brackets were bonded to 48 sound bovine incisors in four groups (n=12) using composite containing 0% (control), 1%, 5% and 10% curcNPs. The bracket-tooth SBS was measured by a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) score was calculated after debonding using a stereomicroscope. Also, 180 discs were fabricated of the four composites; 108 were subjected to eluted component test, 36 were used for disc diffusion test and 36 were used for biofilm test to assess their antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Results: The highest and lowest SBS belonged to control and 10% curcNP groups, respectively. The difference in SBS was significant among the four groups (P=0.008). The SBS of control group was significantly higher than that of 10% curcNPs (P=0.006). The four groups were not significantly different in terms of ARI score (P>0.05). Growth inhibition zones were not seen in any group. In biofilm test, the colony counts of all bacteria significantly decreased by an increase in percentage of curcNPs. Colony count significantly decreased only at 30 days. Conclusions: At 1% concentration, curcNPs have significant antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria with no adverse effect on SBS. However, insolubility of curcNPs remains a major drawback.
Enhancing User Experience in Mobile Learning by Affective Interaction

The demands of an increasingly knowledge based society and the advances in mobile phone technology are combining to spur the growth of mobile learning. However, for mobile learning to attain its full potential, it is essential to develop more advanced technologies that are tailored to the needs of this new learning environment. We present a non-invasive emotion-aware m-learning model based on multi-modal emotion detection, to deliver learning services that correspond to the students' needs, and to adapt a learning system according to a student's status, thereby enhancing the student's learning experience. The research presented in this paper is to augment our m-learning system in daily use at the School of Continuing Education of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, a blended-learning institution with 35.000 students.
An Anomaly Detector for Keystroke Dynamics Based on Medians Vector Proximity

This paper presents an anomaly detector for keystroke dynamics authentication, based on a statistical measure of proximity, evaluated through the empirical study of an independent benchmark of keystroke data. A password typing-rhythm classifier is presented, to be used as an anomaly detector in the authentication process of genuine users and impostors. The proposed user authentication method involves two phases. First a training phase in which a user typing profile is created through repeated entry of password. In the testing phase, the password typing rhythm of the user is compared with the stored typing profile, to determine whether it is a genuine user or an impostor. The typing rhythm is obtained through keystroke timings of key-down / key-up of individual keys and the latency between keys. The training data is stored as a typing profile, consisting of a vector of median values of elements of the feature set, and as a vector of standard deviations for the same elements. The proposed classifier algorithm computes a score for the typing of a password to determine authenticity. A measure of proximity is used in the comparison between feature set medians vector and feature set testing vector. Each feature in the testing vector is given a binary score of 1 if it is within a proximity distance threshold from the stored median of that feature, otherwise the score is 0. The proximity distance threshold for a feature is chosen to be the standard deviation of that feature in the training data. The typing of a password is classified as genuine if the accumulated score for all features meet a minimum acceptance threshold. Analysis of the benchmark dataset using the proposed classifier has given an improved anomaly detection performance in comparison with results of 14 algorithms that were previously tested using the same benchmark.
Various Information Sources for HMM with Weighted Multiple Codebooks

When semicontinuous HMM are used for acoustic modeling in speech recognition usually all states share a single codebook. In our investigations we split the feature set into independent subsets and use separate codebooks for each part. This provides a higher modeling flexibility while keeping the parameter space compact. Further experiments integrate new information sources by using additional codebooks which are estimated in a supervised training. For instance codebooks for phone transitions are applied. Codebook exponents weight the different information sources. Relative reductions in word error rate up to 20 % have been achieved.
Peripheral Cues or Persuasive Arguments? An examination of print advertisements from an ELM perspective

ii Acknowledgments . iiii Vita . iv Overview/Introduction/Rationale . 1 Literature Review . 2 Experimental Design, Hypotheses, and Methods. 25 Results . 32 Discussion . 41 Concluding Thoughts . 52 References. 54 Appendix A: Argument strength high, visual element present stimulus . 58 Appendix B: Argument strength high, visual element absent stimulus . 59 Appendix C: Argument strength low, visual element present stimulus . 60 Appendix D: Argument strength low, visual element absent stimulus . 61 Appendix E: Questionnaire . 62
Endoscopic Sphincterotomy with Large Balloon Dilation versus Endoscopic Sphincterotomy for Bile Duct Stones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The safety and efficacy of endoscopic sphincterotomy with large balloon dilation (EPLBD) are unclear. This study compares the safety and efficacy between EPLBD and endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). Patients and Methods. Literatures were searched for randomized controlled trials in PUBMED, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Outcome measurements included adverse events; stone removal rate; requirement of mechanical lithotripsy. Results. Four RCTs with a total of 596 patients were included. Three RCTs compared EPLBD versus EST alone for stone removal; one RCT compared EPLBD versus EST plus mechanical lithotripsy for stone removal. Pooled data from three RCTs showed that there was no significant difference in the adverse event of ERCP. A significantly higher cholangitis rate was seen in patients who received EST plus mechanical lithotripsy, compared to those treated with EPLBD (13.3% versus 0.0, P = 0.026). No statistical difference was found between EPLBD and EST for stone removal rate. Significant differences in requirement of mechanical lithotripsy were seen with removal of large stones (>15 mm), with EPLBD reducing the use of mechanical lithotripsy (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.54–0.99). Conclusions. EPLBD and EST have similar efficacy and safety for bile duct stones clearance. With larger stones, EPLBD can reduce requirement of mechanical lithotripsy.
Hierarchical residue number systems with small moduli and simple converters

Hierarchical residue number systems with small moduli and simple converters In this paper, a new class of Hierarchical Residue Number Systems (HRNSs) is proposed, where the numbers are represented as a set of residues modulo factors of 2k ± 1 and modulo 2k. The converters between the proposed HRNS and the positional binary number system can be built as 2-level structures using efficient circuits designed for the RNS (2k - 1, 2k, 2k + 1). This approach allows using many small moduli in arithmetic channels without large conversion overhead. The advantages resulting from the use of the proposed HRNS depend on the possibility of factorisation of moduli 2k ± 1.
Breaking With Tradition Women And Work The New Facts Of Life

Thank you very much for reading breaking with tradition women and work the new facts of life. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite books like this breaking with tradition women and work the new facts of life, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.
Exploring the mechanism of action of the sperm-triggered calcium-wave pacemaker in ascidian zygotes

In ascidians, as in mammals, sperm trigger repetitive Ca2+-waves that originate from cortical pacemakers situated in the vegetal hemisphere of the zygotes. In ascidians, a vegetal protrusion termed the contraction pole (CP) acts as the Ca2+-wave pacemaker, but the mechanism that underlies the generation of a Ca2+-wave pacemaker is not known. Here, we tested four hypotheses to determine which factors at the CP are involved in setting the pace of the ascidian Ca2+-wave pacemaker: (1) localized Ca2+ influx; (2) accumulation of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2]; (3) accumulation of cortical endoplasmic reticulum (cER); and (4) enrichment of the sperm activating factor. We developed a method of dynamically monitoring the location of the CP during fertilization using a plekstrin homology (PH) domain from phospholipase Cδ1 coupled to green fluorescent protein (GFP) that binds PtdIns(4,5)P2. We found that eggs in Ca2+-free sea water displayed Ca2+ waves that originated from the CP, showing that enhanced CP Ca2+ influx does not determine the origin of the pacemaker. Also, disruption of the PH::GFP-labelled CP once it had formed did not dislodge the Ca2+-wave pacemaker from that site. Next, when we prevented the accumulation of cER at the CP, all of the Ca2+ waves came from the site of sperm-egg fusion and the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations was unaltered. These data show that local Ca2+ influx, the accumulation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and cER at the CP are not required for Ca2+-wave pacemaker function and instead suggest that a factor associated with the sperm determines the site of the Ca2+-wave pacemaker. Finally, when we injected ascidian sperm extract into the centre of unfertilized ascidian eggs that had been treated with microfilament- and microtubule-disrupting drugs, all the Ca2+ waves still originated from near the plasma membrane, showing that the sperm factor does not require an intact cortex if it is enriched near the plasma membrane (PM). We suggest that the Ca2+-releasing sperm factor might be tethered near or on the PM and that following the cortical contraction, it is translocated to the vegetal CP, thus making that site act as a Ca2+-wave pacemaker.
A Framework for Mobile Grid Environments based on Semantic Integration of Ontologies and Workflow-based Applications

One of objectives of the mobile grid infrastructure is become possible that the mobile user can use the computational power available in computational grids for solving complex problems. However, the majority of researches that search the interaction between mobile devices and grid computing do not provide a mechanism more automated and coordinated for submission and monitoring of several tasks that work cooperatively to solve a single problem. Additionally, none of these researches consider different forms that resources are described for the virtual organizations that compose the grid to select the resources more appropriate to execute these tasks. Therefore, in this paper is presented a framework that it treats these aspects. This framework uses the approach of integration semantics of multiple ontologies and the workflow mechanism, allowing a selection more omnibus of resources appropriate for execution of tasks of an automatized and controlled way more in the grid. A case study and experimental results demonstrated that framework enables: a selection of the resources more appropriate of different organizations for the execution of an application submitted from a mobile device and less power consumption of battery of these devices during the application submission and monitoring.
Highly Parallel Transport Recordings on a Membrane-on-Nanopore Chip at Single Molecule Resolution

Membrane proteins are prime drug targets as they control the transit of information, ions, and solutes across membranes. Here, we present a membrane-on-nanopore platform to analyze nonelectrogenic channels and transporters that are typically not accessible by electrophysiological methods in a multiplexed manner. The silicon chip contains 250 000 femtoliter cavities, closed by a silicon dioxide top layer with defined nanopores. Lipid vesicles containing membrane proteins of interest are spread onto the nanopore-chip surface. Transport events of ligand-gated channels were recorded at single-molecule resolution by high-parallel fluorescence decoding.
Classic Paxos vs. fast Paxos: caveat emptor

Classic Paxos and Fast Paxos are two protocols that are the core of efficient implementations of replicated state machines. In runs with no failures and no conflicts, Fast Paxos requires fewer communication steps for learners to learn of a request compared to Classic Paxos. However, there are realistic scenarios in which Classic Paxos has a significant probability of having a lower latency. This paper discusses one such scenario with an analytical comparison of the protocols and simulation results.