Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Normal Table of Xenopus Laevis

havioral performance, and Konorski proposes that the mental experience depends on the occurrence of particular nervous processes in a similar way as overt behavior is correlated with the activity of specific cerebral structures. In Konorski's words, "In this way, the ultimate goal of brain physiology, consisting in conclusions about the mental experiences of a subject from the electrical activity of his brain, ceases to be mere fantasy and begins to be real possibility. " If a psychic experience in man is related to definite evoked potentials in the brain, Konorski assumes that a similar experience may be felt by the animals when the stimulus object produces exactly the same set of electrophysiological responses in the brain. This assumption is difficult to prove-or disprove-because sensory inputs produce such a complex spatio-temporal distribution of electrical patterns that their precise recording and analysis is very difficult to achieve. In the opinion of this reviewer, mental activity depends not only on sensory perception but also on past experience, which cannot be detected at the level of sensory inputs. Neurophysiological techniques may inform us about the material carrier (for example, the image of a pencil transduced into a barrage of spikes in the optic pathways) which may be similar in a man or in a cat, but the symbolic meaning is related to previous experience and cultural values which today are still beyond the reach of the neurophysiologist. In spite of possible disagreements in interpretation, experimentation on perceptions and neurophysiological responses in animals are essential for the investigation of psycho-physical correlations. The first part of the book places great emphasis on classical and instrumental conditioned reflexes, the second part concentrates on physiological mechanisms of perceptions and associations based on psychological and neuropathological data collected in human patients. Altogether this is an exceptional book, lucidly written and well documented, which should have a powerful impact on modern thinking about cerebral mechanisms of behavioral and mental activities in animals and man.
Tetracycline-Based Binary Ti Vectors pLSU with Efficient Cloning by the Gateway Technology for Agrobacterium tumefaciens -Mediated Transformation of Higher Plants

We constructed small high-yielding binary Ti vectors with a bacterial tetracycline resistance gene to facilitate efficient cloning afforded by the Gateway Technology (Invitrogen) for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of higher plants. The Gateway Technology vectors are kanamycin-based, thus tetracycline-based destination and expression vectors are easily selected for the antibiotic resistance in the Escherichia coli media. We reduced the size of the tetracycline resistance gene TetC from pBR322 to 1468 bp containing 1191 bp of the coding region, 93 bp of 5’-upstream, and 184 bp 3’-downstream region. The final size of binary Ti vector skeleton pLSU11 is 5034 bp. pLSU12 and 13 have the kanamycin resistance NPTII gene as a plant-selectable marker. pLSU14 and 15 contain the hygromycin resistance HPH gene as a selection marker. pLSU13 and 15 also have the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in addition to the plant selection marker. We also constructed a mobilizable version of tetracycline-based binary Ti vector pLSU16 in which the mob function of ColE1 replicon was maintained for mobilization of the binary vector from E. coli to A. tumefaciens by tri-parental mating. The final size of binary Ti vector skeleton pLSU16 is 5580 bp. New tetracycline-based binary Ti vectors pLSU12 were found as effective as kanamycin-based vector pLSU2 in promoting a 10-fold increase in fresh weight yield of kanamycin-resistant calli after A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation of tobacco leaf discs. Using the Gateway Technology we introduced the plant-expressible GUSgene to the T-DNA of binary Ti vector pLSU12. Expression of the β-glucuronidase enzyme activity was demonstrated by histochemical staining of the GUS activity in transformed tobacco leaf discs.
Relaciones entre plantas y aves frugivoras en el matorral mediterráneo del área de Doñana

El presente trabajo se ha orientado a presentar informacion detallada sobre las interacciones entre un conjunto de plantas del matorral Mediterraneo del Sur de Espana y los pajaros dispersantes de las semillas. En este sentido se pretende profundizar en las investigaciones que se han venido realizando en los ultimos anos en este tipo de habitat, siendo nuestros objetivos especificos: 1. Describir el ciclo anual de produccion de frutos en el matorral y sus relaciones con la climatologia y con otros aspectos de la fenologia de las plantas. 2. Describir el ciclo anual de los pajaros frugivoros, su importancia respecto al resto de la avifauna y los patrones de utilizacion de los frutos. 3. Documental posibles coadaptaciones a escala local entre las caracteristicas de frutos y frugivoros. 4. Estudiar las relaciones de dependencia reciproca entre ambos y documental factores que determinan y limitan su persistencia en el matorral. 5. Establecer comparaciones con otros sistemas planta - dispersante (tropicales y no-tropicales a fin de destacar patrones que se repitan. 6. Considerar finalmente la evolucion de las relaciones mutualistas entre planras y pajaros en el matorral.
Posteromedial Versus Direct Posterior Approach for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reinsertion.

Avulsion fractures of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are usually found in pediatric populations. This study investigated which of 2 approaches-posteromedial or direct posterior-enables easier PCL reinsertion. Ten fresh cadavers were studied using direct posterior (10 knees) and posteromedial (10 knees) approaches. In both, a guidewire was inserted into the tibial insertion of the PCL as perpendicular as possible to the coronal knee axis. Then, the angle between the guidewire and the horizontal plane of the table was measured. The mean angle of the guidewire was 8.6° (SD=7.3°) with the direct posterior approach and 36.6° (SD=14.3°) with the posteromedial approach (P=.005). The direct posterior approach allows a greater degree of freedom compared with the posteromedial approach to reach the PCL tibial insertion. [Orthopedics. 2016; 39(5):e1024-e1027. ].
Characterization of the END1 gene required for vacuole biogenesis and gluconeogenic growth of budding yeast.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae END1 gene is required for formation or maintenance of the vacuole, for growth on non‐fermentable carbon sources, for efficient mating and for growth at 37 degrees C. The END1 gene was cloned by complementation of the end1 mutation. Two end1 null mutants, constructed by disruption and deletion of the END1 gene, show features identical to the original end1 mutant. However, in this paper we correct a previous finding from our group that end1 is defective in internalization of the yeast pheromone alpha‐factor. End1 mutants take up alpha‐factor at the same rate as corresponding wild‐type cells but the internalized pheromone is not degraded. Since whole cell respiration and respiratory control of end1 mitochondria are not impaired, it seems plausible that a defect in gluconeogenesis could partially account for the inability of end1 to grow on non‐fermentable carbon sources. DNA sequence analysis of the END1 gene reveals a 3090‐bp open reading frame capable of encoding a hydrophilic protein of 118 kd. The molecular mass of End1p was confirmed by immunoprecipitation. The predicted End1p sequence shows no significant similarity to other known protein sequences except for a short region of homology with the putative adenine nucleotide binding sites shared by a group of enzymes, notably ATPases.
A Novel Method of Fitting Scleral Lenses Using High Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose. Case report study of a novel method of fitting large rigid gas-permeable lenses (cornea-scleral, mini-scleral, scleral). Methods. Nine patients with different corneal and refractive conditions were fitted with scleral-type rigid gas-permeable lenses using high resolution ocular coherence tomography. All patients achieved excellent visual acuity and comfort. Lenses were well tolerated without significant complications. Three cases are discussed in detail. Two of the 3 patients had previously undergone fitting with trial lenses so that the different methods could be compared with respect to number of lenses used to achieve a final fit. Conclusions. High resolution biometry proved to be a highly useful fitting tool and seems to offer a more accurate and efficient alternative to fitting scleral-type lenses compared with the trial lens method.
Semi-supervised extensions to Morfessor Baseline

We have extended Morfessor Baseline, which is a well-known method for unsupervised morphological segmentation, to semi-supervised learning. As submission to Morpho Challenge 2010, we provide results from three methods: The first one is based on the unsupervised algorithm, but includes a weight parameter that can be used to control the amount of segmentation. The second one applies the semisupervised extension, where the labeled training data is used also during the learning. The third one is based on the second, but as an additional step we label the segments using a Hidden Markov Model trained on the labeled data.
System‐Equation ADL Test for Threshold Cointegration with an Application to the Term Structure of Interest Rates

This paper proposes a new system-equation test for threshold cointegration based on a threshold vector autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) model. The new test can be applied when the cointegrating vector is unknown and when weak exogeneity fails. The asymptotic null distribution of the new test is derived, critical values are tabulated and finite-sample properties are examined. In particular, the new test is shown to have good size, so the bootstrap is not required. The new test is illustrated using the long-term and short-term interest rates. We show that the system-equation model can shed light on both asymmetric adjustment speeds and asymmetric adjustment roles. The latter is unavailable in the single-equation testing strategy.
Electron microscopic studies of the translin octameric ring.

Translin is thought to participate in a variety of cellular activities including chromosomal translocations, translational regulation of mRNA expression, and mRNA transport. It forms an octameric ring structure capable of sequence-specific binding of both DNA and RNA substrates. We have used electron microscopy and single-particle image analysis to generate a three-dimensional reconstruction of the Translin ring. The subunits appear to have two distinct domains that assemble to form an open channel with diameter of approximately 30 A at one end and approximately 50 A at the opposite end. In the presence of either DNA or RNA containing consensus binding sequences, the largest opening into the central cavity is filled with density. Strikingly, although Translin shows significant sequence homology to only one other protein, Translin-associated factor X, the quaternary organization and the dimerization of subunits in the ring are very similar to those observed for hexameric ring helicases. This suggests that many of the structures in DNA and RNA metabolism may have similar quaternary organization.
Draft genome sequence of Oryza sativa elite indica cultivar RP Bio-226

Rice cultivars show diversity in various factors influencing yield like nitrogen use efficiency, root development, and stress tolerance (Suryapriya et al., 2009; Singh et al., 2014; Begum et al., 2015; Mickelbart et al., 2015). For better understanding of the factors influencing yield of specific rice cultivars it is necessary to apply the high throughput genomic methods like whole genome sequencing, RNA-seq, smallRNA-seq, and ChIP-Seq. Improved Samba Mahsuri (RP Bio-226) is a bacterial leaf blight resistant indica rice cultivar developed through marker assisted selection from BPT5204 and SS1113. It is widely cultivated in Southern India because of its high yield, premium grain quality, and excellent cooking qualities. For understanding this cultivar in terms of nitrogen use efficiency recently we have sequenced the urea nutrition responsive transcriptome of this cultivar (Reddy and Ulaganathan, 2015). Further, with the aim of studying the genomic basis of yield of RP Bio-226 cultivar, we have sequenced the genome and analyzing it. Here we report the genomic dataset available publicly.
Effect of preventive supplementation on young children in Niger.

In their randomized controlled trial Ms. Isanaka and colleagues found that providing children younger than 5 years with ready-to-use therapeutic food during periods of food insecurity can prevent cases of malnutrition. However their study presents 2 important methodological difficulties. First the authors used different reference distributions to define malnutrition at inclusion in the study (National Center for Health Statistics/World Health Organization [NCHS/WHO] 1978) and at inclusion in the analysis (WHO Child Growth Standards 2006). A proportion of participants were thus excluded from the analysis on the grounds that they were already malnourished at recruitment according to the WHO reference. This proportion was likely substantial and would be expected to consist mainly of children younger than 24 months because the 2 references yield different diagnoses principally in that age range. Unfortunately this age range has the highest risk of malnutrition. This compromises the internal validity of the study and extrapolation of results to children aged 6 to 60 months requires caution. The problem could be amplified by the interaction of the intervention with child age at baseline (P=.07) a result not fully discussed by the authors. Second the authors chose purposively a small number of villages that experienced a high prevalence of wasting during the 2005 food crisis. This crisis was an extreme manifestation of a long-term problem including weak markets land degradation and poor access to health services. As a result the study villages were likely to differ from other villages by a number of key characteristics putting the external validity of the study in question. In addition it indicates that without addressing the causal complexity of malnutrition any intervention will have limited impact on malnutrition. The intervention in the study by Isanaka et al reduced the rate of wasting by only 36%. (full-text)
Head motion anticipation for virtual-environment applications using kinematics and EMG energy

Real-time human-computer interaction plays an important role in virtual-environment (VE) applications. Such interaction can be improved by detecting and reacting to the user's head motion. Today's VE systems use head-mounted inertial sensors to update and spatially stabilize the image displayed to a user through a head-mounted display. Since motion can only be detected after it has already occurred, latencies in the stabilization scheme can only be reduced but never eliminated. Such latencies slow down manual control, cause inaccuracies in matching real and virtual objects through a half-transparent display, and reduce the sense of presence. This paper presents novel methods for reducing VE latencies by anticipating future head motion based on electromyographic (EMG) signals originating from the major neck muscles and head kinematics; it also reports results for anticipation of 17.5 and 35 ms. Features extracted from the EMG signals are used to train a neural network in mapping EMG data, given present head kinematics, into future head motion. The trained network is then used in real time for head-motion anticipation, which gives the VE system the time advantage necessary to compensate for the inherent latencies. The main contribution of this work is the use of EMG energy and bounded head acceleration as the key input/output information, which results in improved performance compared to the previous work
Surrogate Based Centralized Automated Optimization Applied to LTE Mobility Load Balancing

Deployment of Long Term Evolution (LTE) amp; LTE- Advanced networks will be challenged by cost and complexity. Self Organizing Network (SON) functionalities promise significant improvement of the network in terms of reducing OPerational EXpenditure (OPEX) and performance improvement. In this paper, we propose a recursive automated optimization method which builds statistical models of the functional relationships between noisy Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and network parameters; and performs stochastic optimization during the model building process. The proposed methodology is applied to a centralized intra-LTE Mobility Load Balancing (MLB) problem and its performance is evaluated through system level simulations. The results show that the proposed modeling and optimization approach is a promising solution for centralized intra-LTE MLB in terms of optimization performance and convergence under noisy data.
The Inherited Past of the Broch: On Antiquarian Discourse and Contemporary Archaeology

In reading archaeological texts, we expect to be engaged in a characteristically archaeological discourse, with a specific and recognisable structure and vocabulary. In evaluating the published work of 19th Century antiquarians, we will inevitably look for points of contact between their academic language and our own; success or failure in the identification of such points of contact may prompt us to recognise a nascent archaeology in some writings, while dismissing others as naive or absurd. With this point in mind, this paper discusses the written and material legacies of three 19th Century antiquarians in the north of Scotland who worked on a particular monument type, the broch. The paper explores the degree to which each has been admitted as an influence on the development of the broch as a type. It then proceeds to compare this established typology with the author's experiences, in the field, of the sites it describes. In doing so, the paper addresses wider issues concerning the role of earlier forms.
Robust fault tolerant thermal control system design of an aluminum plate with Peltier device

In this paper, an operator based robust fault tolerant method for fault signal to the output part of an aluminum plate thermal process with nonlinear Peltier device in the presence of input constraints is proposed by using robust right coprime factorization approach. In details, after describing a mathematical model of the thermal process, an operator based robust fault tolerant control system is designed for this process with input constraints, the fault signal to the output part is analyzed using two sorts of operators. The effectiveness of the proposed design scheme is confirmed by simulation and experimental results on temperature control for the aluminum plate with nonlinear Peltier device.
Thermogenic effect of amrinone in healthy men

The thermogenic effect of amrinone is unknown and its utilization in patients with severe cardiac failure could potentially increase oxygen requirements and therefore aggravate oxygen debt. Consequently, the present study was undertaken to assess the thermogenic response to amrinone at three different plasma concentrations under controlled conditions and to analyze amrinone's effects on various biochemical variables. Design:A prospective, unblinded, controlled study. The initial control period was followed by three sequential, experimental treatments. Subjects:Ten young, healthy, male volunteers with normal body weight. Interventions:Three experimental periods. Amrinone was administered intravenously in progressive doses: a) 0.5 mg/kg followed by 5 μg/ kg/min; b) 0.5 mg/kg followed by 10 μg/kg/min; and c) 1.0 mg/kg followed by 10 μg/kg/min. Measurements and Main Results:Oxygen consumption (o2) and CO2 production were continuously measured by means of a computerized indirect calorimeter. At the highest dose, amrinone produced a slight and significant (p < .01) increase in o2 and in resting metabolic rate (+4.5% and +3.7%, respectively), while no change in CO2 production or in respiratory quotient occurred throughout the study. At the medium and high doses, amrinone increased plasma free fatty acid concentrations by 38% and 53%, respectively (p < .05). No variation in plasma glucose, lactate, insulin, norepinephrine, or epinephrine concentrations was observed during the study. Conclusions:Amrinone administered intravenously at therapeutic doses has minimal thermogenic and metabolic effects in humans without cardiac failure. (Crit Care Med 1994; 22:1235–1240)
What is the next step of binary features?

Various binary features have been recently proposed in literature, aiming at improving the computational efficiency and storage efficiency of image retrieval applications. However, the most common way of using binary features is voting strategy based on brute-force matching, since binary features are discrete data points distributed in Hamming space, so that models based on clustering such as BoW are unsuitable for them. Although indexing mechanism substantially decreases the time cost, the brute-force matching strategy becomes a bottleneck that restricts the performance of binary features. To address this issue, we propose a simple but effective method, namely COIP (Coding by Order-independent Projection), which projects binary features into a binary code of limited bits. As a result, each image is represented by one single binary code that can be indexed for computational and storage efficiency. We prove that the similarity between the COIP codes of two images with probability proportional to the ratio of their matched features. A comprehensive evaluation with several state-of-the-art binary features is performed on benchmark dataset. Experimental results reveal that for binary feature based image retrieval, our approach improves the storage/time efficiency by one/two orders of magnitude, while the retrieval performance remains almost unchanged.
Protein extraction for proteome analysis from cacao leaves and meristems, organs infected by Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of the witches' broom disease

Preparation of high‐quality proteins from cacao vegetative organs is difficult due to very high endogenous levels of polysaccharides and polyphenols. In order to establish a routine procedure for the application of proteomic and biochemical analysis to cacao tissues, three new protocols were developed; one for apoplastic washing fluid (AWF) extraction, and two for protein extraction – under denaturing and nondenaturing conditions. The first described method allows a quick and easy collection of AWF – using infiltration–centrifugation procedure – that is representative of its composition in intact leaves according to the smaller symplastic contamination detected by the use of the hexose phosphate isomerase marker. Protein extraction under denaturing conditions for 2‐DE was remarkably improved by the combination of chemically and physically modified processes including phenol, SDS dense buffer and sonication steps. With this protocol, high‐quality proteins from cacao leaves and meristems were isolated, and for the first time well‐resolved 1‐DE and 2‐DE protein patterns of cacao vegetative organs are shown. It also appears that sonication associated with polysaccharide precipitation using tert‐butanol was a crucial step for the nondenaturing protein extraction and subsequent enzymatic activity detection. It is expected that the protocols described here could help to develop high‐level proteomic and biochemical studies in cacao also being applicable to other recalcitrant plant tissues.