Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cited Documents as Concept Symbols

An interpretation of citation practice in scientific literature is offered which regards citation of a document as an act of symbol usage. By examining the language of the text around the footnote number the particular idea the citing author is associating with the cited document may be determined. the document is viewed as symbolic of the idea expressed in the text. This analysis was done for a sample of very highly cited documents in chemistry. A high degree of uniformity is revealed in the association of specific concepts with specific documents. These documents may be seen, in Leach's terms, as 'standard sym bols' for particular ideas, methods, and experimental data in chemical science. Some implications of these findings for the social determination of scientific knowledge (conceived as a dialogue among citing authors on the 'meaning' of earlier texts), and the relationship between cited documents as concept symbols and Kuhn's exemplars, are discussed.
ADAPTIVE PLASTICITY OF THE PENIS IN A SIMULTANEOUS HERMAPHRODITE

Acorn barnacles are important model organisms for the study of sex allocation. They are sessile, nonselfing hermaphrodites that copulate with penises that have been suggested to be phenotypically plastic. On wave‐exposed shores, Semibalanus balanoides develop penises with relatively greater diameter whereas in wave‐protected sites they are thinner. A reciprocal transplant experiment between wave‐exposed and protected sites tested whether these exposure‐specific morphologies have adaptive value. Mating success was compared over a range of distances to compare the ability of barnacles to reach mates. Barnacles that grew in the wave‐protected site and mated in the wave‐protected site fertilized more broods at increasing distances than those transplanted to the wave‐exposed site. For barnacles that developed in the wave‐exposed site, there was no difference in the ability to fertilize neighbors between sites of differing exposure. This study demonstrates the adaptive value of plasticity in penis morphology. The results suggest a trade‐off between development of a penis adapted to wave exposure and the ability to fertilize distant mates. Barnacles in different physical environments are limited by different factors, which may limit numbers of potential mates, constrain optimal sex allocation strategies and alter reproductive behavior.
The Role of Intrusive Thoughts during the First Weeks of Smoking Cessation

&NA; Intrusive thoughts could impair smoking cessation or cause relapse to the extent that the thoughts are stimuli for smoking. This is a secondary analysis of data provided by 61 participants attempting to quit smoking. Participants used a hand‐held computer to capture, in real time, the experience of quitting smoking. Intrusive thoughts related to smoking were assessed and participants completed assessments when they had an urge to smoke or after they slipped. The outcomes included were proximal measures of smoking cessation: number of slips, number of resisted temptations to smoke, and urge levels of during cessation. Independent variables were smoking stimuli, intrusive thoughts and depressive symptoms. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Intrusive thoughts were significantly and positively related to each cessation outcome (slips, resists, urge levels). Smoking stimuli were differentially related to outcomes; cigarette availability was related to slips; being in usual smoking situations was associated with more resisted temptations, while cigarette availability and others smoking were associated with fewer resisted temptations. Higher urge levels were related to being in usual smoking situations. Depressive symptoms were not found to be related to the cessation outcomes. Intrusive thoughts about smoking were significantly related to the number of slips, the number of resisted temptations and the average urge level experienced by smokers attempting cessation even when other important explanatory variables, including exposure to smoking stimuli and depression symptoms were controlled. Methods for helping clients cope with intrusive thoughts during smoking cessation may be useful in helping them succeed.
Unusual Case of Apparent Hypermutation in Arabidopsis thaliana

The dms4 (defective in meristem silencing 4) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is unique in having defects in both RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) and plant development. DMS4 is an evolutionarily conserved, putative transcription factor of the Iwr1 (interacts with RNA polymerase II) type. DMS4 interacts with Pol II and also with RNA polymerases IV and V, which function in RdDM. Interactions with multiple polymerases may account for the diverse phenotypic effects of dms4 mutations. To dissect further the roles of DMS4 in RdDM and development, we performed a genetic suppressor screen using the dms4-1 allele, which contains in the sixth intron a splice site acceptor mutation that alters splicing and destroys the open reading frame. Following mutagenesis of dms4-1 seeds using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), we retrieved four dominant intragenic suppressor mutations that restored DMS4 function and wild-type phenotypes. Three of the four intragenic suppressor mutations created new splice site acceptors, which resulted in reestablishment of the wild-type open reading frame. Remarkably, the intragenic suppressor mutations were recovered at frequencies ranging from 35 to 150 times higher than expected for standard EMS mutagenesis in Arabidopsis. Whole-genome sequencing did not reveal an elevated mutation frequency genome-wide, indicating that the apparent hypermutation was confined to four specific sites in the dms4 gene. The localized high mutation frequency correlated with restoration of DMS4 function implies an efficient mechanism for targeted mutagenesis or selection of more fit revertant cells in the shoot apical meristem, thereby rapidly restoring a wild-type phenotype that is transmitted to future generations.
Priliminary Phytochemical Screening, Anthelmintic Activity of Methanolic and Aqueous Extract of Syzygium Cumini Linn. Bark (Myrtaceae)

Preliminary Phytochemical investigation was carried out on the methanolic extract of Syzygium cumini Linn. Bark. It indices presence of Carbohydrates, Amino acids, Tannins, Saponins, phytosterols, Terpenoids, phenols and flavonoids. We are also quantitatively estimated total phenolic content, tannins and favaniods by using spectrophotometer. The total phenolic content was 580.23 ± 3.03 mg/g, tannin content was 534 ± 4.03 mg/ g while the flavonoid content was 315.42 ± 4.52 mg/g. The Methanolic and aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini Linn. Bark (Myrtaceae) was investigated for activity against Indian earthworms Pheretima posthuma. Various concentrations of each extract (25-100 mg/ml) were tested, which involved determination of time of paralysis and time of death of the worms. Both extracts (aqueous and methanolic) at the tested dose (25-100 mg/ml) were produced significant activity. The maximum activity of Methanolic extract of Syzygium cumini bark was 36.58 minutes as time of paralysis, 70.58 minutes as time of death at dose of 100 mg/ml. At the same concentration aqueous extract were showed 76.25 minutes as time of paralysis and 80.33 minutes as time of death. Albendazole (20 mg/ml) which is included as standard reference showed 21.16 minutes as time of paralysis, 23.5 minutes as time of death. Normal saline used as control there is no paralysis and death of earth worms. The present study indicates Methanolic extract of Syzygium cumini bark acts as potential usefulness of as an anthelmentic and aqueous extract acts as moderate anthelmentic activity. This is the first research report regarding Anthelmentic activity of Methanolic and aqueous extracts of Syzygium cumini bark. Furthermore, purification, isolation, characterization of phytoconstituents responsible for anthelmentic activity is in progress.
Growth Factors, Cytokines, Cell Cycle Molecules Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Is Required for the Early Formation of Granulomas and Participates in the Resistance of Mice to the Infection with the Fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

The migration of leukocytes to inflammatory sites elicited by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is supposed to be coordinated by cytokines and chemokines. Here, we investigated the role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in recruiting inflammatory cells to lungs of mice infected with P. brasiliensis and in determining the outcome of the disease. Expression of ICAM-1 was up-regulated on T lymphocytes after infection with the fungus, and its expression was dependent on interferon, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-12. Moreover, the absence of ICAM-1 resulted in high susceptibility to the infection and delayed formation of granulomatous lesions. In addition, the absence of ICAM-1 resulted in increased growth and dissemination of fungus, decreased number of CD3 CD4 and CD3 CD8 T cells , and increased production of interleukin-4 in the inflammatory site. The organization of a granulomatous reaction in mice deficient of ICAM-1 was delayed, starting only on day 60 after infection, whereas in wild-type mice it was complete on day 30 of infection. These data show that ICAM-1 is effectively involved in cellular migration and in the organization of the granulomatous lesion caused by the fungus P. brasiliensis. (Am J Pathol 2006, 169:1270–1281; DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060271)
Functional promiscuity in a mammalian chemosensory system: extensive expression of vomeronasal receptors in the main olfactory epithelium of mouse lemurs

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is functional in most terrestrial mammals, though progressively reduced in the primate lineage, and is used for intraspecific communication and predator recognition. Vomeronasal receptor (VR) genes comprise two families of chemosensory genes (V1R and V2R) that have been considered to be specific for the VNO. However, recently a large number of VRs were reported to be expressed in the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) of mice, but there is little knowledge of the expression of these genes outside of rodents. To explore the function of VR genes in mammalian evolution, we analyzed and compared the expression of 64 V1R and 2 V2R genes in the VNO and the MOE of the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), the primate with the largest known VR repertoire. We furthermore compared expression patterns in adults of both sexes and seasons, and in an infant. A large proportion (83–97%) of the VR loci was expressed in the VNO of all individuals. The repertoire in the infant was as rich as in adults, indicating reliance on olfactory communication from early postnatal development onwards. In concordance with mice, we also detected extensive expression of VRs in the MOE, with proportions of expressed loci in individuals ranging from 29 to 45%. TRPC2, which encodes a channel protein crucial for signal transduction via VRs, was co-expressed in the MOE in all individuals indicating likely functionality of expressed VR genes in the MOE. In summary, the large VR repertoire in mouse lemurs seems to be highly functional. Given the differences in the neural pathways of MOE and VNO signals, which project to higher cortical brain centers or the limbic system, respectively, this raises the intriguing possibility that the evolution of MOE-expression of VRs enabled mouse lemurs to adaptively diversify the processing of VR-encoded olfactory information.
Marathon Group Dynamics: III. Disjunctive Contacts

This is the third in a series of research studies on the group dynamics of Marathon interaction groups. It is a report of the kinds of contact 112 marathon group members found “least helpful” or disjunctive. Five parameters of disjunctive contact were identified as “least helpful” by the participants. These barriers to intimacy were labelled: Strangeness (21%), Alienation (27%), Narcissism (15%), Disjunctive Communication (11%), and Aggression-phobia (26%). Clinical descriptions of the nature of these disjunctive contacts and some statistical differences between subgroups were presented. The discussion focused on the two most “unconscious” ways of alienating Self from Others, Narcissism and Disjunctive Communication. Implications of the data on Strangeness, Alienation end Aggression-phobia were briefly mentioned.
Executive functions after orbital or lateral prefrontal lesions: Neuropsychological profiles and self-reported executive functions in everyday living

Objective: This study examined the effects of chronic focal lesions to the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) or orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) on neuropsychological test performance and self-reported executive functioning in everyday living. Methods: Fourteen adults with OFC lesions were compared to 10 patients with LPFC injuries and 21 healthy controls. Neuropsychological tests with emphasis on measures of cognitive executive function were administered along with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF-A) and a psychiatric screening instrument. Results: The LPFC group differed from healthy controls on neuropsychological tests of sustained mental effort, response inhibition, working memory and mental switching, while the BRIEF-A provided more clinically important information on deficits in everyday life in the OFC group compared to the LPFC group. Correlations between neuropsychological test results and BRIEF-A were weak, while the BRIEF-A correlated strongly with emotional distress. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that LPFC damage is particularly prone to cause cognitive executive deficit, while OFC injury is more strongly associated with self-reported dysexecutive symptoms in everyday living. The study illustrates the challenge of identifying executive deficit in individual patients and the lack of strong anatomical specificity of the currently employed methods. There is a need for an integrative methodological approach where standard testing batteries are supplemented with neuropsychiatric and frontal-specific rating scales.
Vibratory gyroscope controller design via modified automatic gain control configuration

In this paper, a new design approach of force rebalance loop is investigated for the vibratory rate sensor application. The proposed rebalance loop design takes advantages of a modified AGC loop configuration to simplify the system dynamics of oscillating characteristics. The proposed modification of AGC and rebalance strategy, which maintains controlled oscillation in the loop, acquires several advantages. First, it is possible to analyze and design the transient dynamics using a classical linear control theory. Also the control system to achieve the design objective is implemented using a relatively simple feedback loop. The practical application to vibratory gyroscope has shown that the force rebalance control with the proposed AGC configuration meets the design objective well from simulation results. Experiment is expected to verify the feasibility and performance of the proposed control scheme.
Molecular and functional characterization of Kv7 channels in penile arteries and corpus cavernosum of healthy and metabolic syndrome rats

KCNQ‐encoded voltage‐dependent potassium channels (Kv7) are involved in the regulation of vascular tone. In this study we evaluated the influence of Kv7 channel activation on smooth muscle relaxation in rat penile arteries and corpus cavernosum from normal and spontaneously hypertensive, heart failure‐prone (SHHF) rats – a rat model of human metabolic syndrome.
N-gram based approach to recognize the twitter accounts of Turkish daily newspapers

Twitter is one of the most popular social media networks in the world. It is also mostly used by corporate companies, media as well as individual users. Media organizations use Twitter to announce about the news. Although the language of the given news is formal and preferred words to share information are different for each organization. In this study, we proposed an approach to recognize the Twitter accounts of Turkish daily newspapers. Our approach is based on character 3-grams and word 2-grams for digitizing the texts. In order to classify the information, we performed the experiments on several classifiers and found that Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) outperformed other algorithms. We carried out the experiments on the real-dataset of Twitter accounts of Turkish daily newspapers and classified them accurately more than 98%. 1
Investigations on the Nature of the Auxin-Wave in the Cambial Region of Pine Stems : Validation of IAA as the Auxin Component by the Avena Coleoptile Curvature Assay and by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Selected Ion Monitoring.

The major auxin of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) which is transported basipetally into agar strips from the cambial region of the stem was quantified by the Went Avena coleoptile curvature assay before and after reversed phase C(18) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then identified by full spectrum gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The IAA was subsequently quantified by GC-MS-selected ion monitoring (SIM) using an internal standard of [(13)C]-(C(6))-IAA. The amount of IAA collected into 22-millimeter long agar strips during 10 minutes of contact with the stem cambial region was estimated by GC-MS-SIM and the Went bioassay to be 2.3 and 2.1 nanograms per strip, respectively. The GC-MS technique thus confirmed the results obtained by the Went curvature assay. The Avena curvature assay revealed the presence of at least one other, more polar (based on HPLC retention time) auxin that diffused into the agar strips with the IAA. Its bioactivity was only 5% of the IAA fraction. Its HPLC retention time was earlier than IAA-glucoside, IAA-aspartate, or IAA-glycine, but the same as IAA-inositol. No significant amounts of inhibitors or synergists of IAA activity on the Avena assay were found in extracts corresponding to one or five strips of agar. Thus, the direct bioassay of the agar strips immediately after their removal from the cambial region of P. silvestris stem sections reflects the concentration of the native IAA. For both P. silvestris and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) a wavelike pattern of auxin stimulation of Avena curvature was found in agar strips exposed for only 10 minutes to the basal ends of an axial series of 6-millimeter long sections from the cambial region of the stem. This wavelike pattern was subsequently confirmed for P. contorta both by Avena curvature assay and by GC-MS-SIM of HPLC fractions at the retention time of [(3)H]IAA. The wavelike pattern of auxin diffusing from the cambial region of Pinus has thus been determined to consist primarily of IAA and this pattern has now been quantitated using both the Went Avena curvature assay and GC-MS-SIM with [(13)C]-C(6)-IAA as an internal standard.
An embedded FPGA architecture for efficient visual saliency based object recognition implementation

In this article, we propose a new optimized embedded architecture based soft-core processors oriented to visual attention based object recognition applications. Our recognition approach relies mainly on two specific modules for online processing of acquired images in real-time: a novel saliency based feature detector/descriptor module and then an object classifier module. To deal with such parallel/pipeline image processing tasks, we have designed a new multistage architecture, which is implementing on FPGA chip leading ultimately to a faster prototyping of this proposed architecture without ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) related problems. the resulting FPGA implementations demonstrate that the proposed homogeneous pipelined systems achieve significant speedups compared to the original serial implementation and delivers a high reduction of the memory and FPGA resource utilization on an image of 256 × 256 pixels at up to 100 frames/s.
Management of aromatase inhibitor-associated bone loss in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: practical guidance for prevention and treatment.

BACKGROUND Bone mineral density (BMD)-based guidelines for bone-directed therapy in women with early breast cancer (EBC) appear inadequate for averting fractures, particularly during aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy. Therefore, an algorithm was developed to better assess risk and direct treatment (Hadji P, Body JJ, Aapro MS et al. Practical guidance for the management of aromatase inhibitor-associated bone loss. Ann Oncol 2008; 19: 1407-1416). Here, we provide updated guidance on pharmacologic interventions to prevent/treat aromatase inhibitor-associated bone loss (AIBL). DESIGN Systematic literature review identified recent advances in preventing/treating AIBL. Individual agents were assessed based on trial size, design, follow-up, and safety. RESULTS Fracture risk factors in patients with EBC remain unchanged (Hadji P, Body JJ, Aapro MS et al. Practical guidance for the management of aromatase inhibitor-associated bone loss. Ann Oncol 2008; 19: 1407-1416). The World Health Organization Fracture Risk Assessment Tool algorithm includes fracture risk factors plus BMD but does not adequately address AIBL effects. Several antiresorptives can prevent/treat AIBL. However, concerns regarding compliance and long-term efficacy/safety remain. Overall, evidence is strongest for twice-yearly zoledronic acid (ZOL), and recent advances support additional anticancer benefits from ZOL. CONCLUSIONS All patients initiating AIs need advice regarding exercise, calcium/vitamin D supplements, baseline BMD monitoring (when available), and bone-directed therapy if T-score <-2.0 or at least two fracture risk factors were observed. Patients with T-score > -2.0 and no risk factors should be managed based on BMD loss during years 1-2. Unsatisfactory compliance/decreasing BMD after 12-24 months on oral bisphosphonates should trigger a switch to i.v. bisphosphonate.
The Sense of Commitment: A Minimal Approach

This paper provides a starting point for psychological research on the sense of commitment within the context of joint action. We begin by formulating three desiderata: to illuminate the motivational factors that lead agents to feel and act committed, to pick out the cognitive processes and situational factors that lead agents to sense that implicit commitments are in place, and to illuminate the development of an understanding of commitment in ontogeny. In order to satisfy these three desiderata, we propose a minimal framework, the core of which is an analysis of the minimal structure of situations which can elicit a sense of commitment. We then propose a way of conceptualizing and operationalizing the sense of commitment, and discuss cognitive and motivational processes which may underpin the sense of commitment.