Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Origin of the Various Types of Radio Emission in GRS 1915+105

We investigate the association between the radio "plateau" states and the large superluminal flares in GRS 1915+105 and propose a qualitative scenario to explain this association. To investigate the properties of the source during a superluminal flare, we present Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations during a radio flare that turned out to be a preplateau flare, as shown by the contemporaneous Ryle Telescope observations. A major superluminal ejection was observed at the end of this plateau state (as described by V. Dhawan et al.), associated with highly variable X-ray emission showing X-ray soft dips. This episode thus has all three types of radio emission: a preplateau flare, a plateau state, and superluminal jets. We analyze all the available Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) Proportional Counter Array data during this episode and show that (1) the preflare plateau state consists of a three-component X-ray spectrum that includes a multicolor disk-blackbody, a Comptonized component, and a power law and (2) the Compton cloud, which is responsible for the Comptonizing component, is ejected away during the X-ray soft dips. We investigate all the available monitoring data on this source, identify several candidate superluminal flare events, and analyze the contemporaneous RXTE pointed observations. We detect a strong correlation between the average X-ray flux during the plateau state and the total energy emitted in radio during the subsequent radio flare. We find that the sequence of events is similar for all large radio flares, with a fast rise and exponential decay morphology. Based on these results, we propose a qualitative scenario in which the separating ejecta during the superluminal flares are the interaction of the matter blob ejected during the X-ray soft dips with the steady jet already established during the plateau state. This picture can explain all the types of radio emission observed from this source in terms of its X-ray-emission characteristics.
Why Develop Open Source Software? The Role of Non-Pecuniary Benefits, Monetary Rewards and Open Source Licence Type

A review of the basic theory of optimal open-source software contributions points to three key factors affecting supply: non-pecuniary benefits, future expected monetary returns, and open-source licence type. This paper argues that existing large-scale software developer surveys are inadequate for measuring the relative importance of these three factors. Moreover, previous econometric studies that collect their own unique datasets generally measure the importance of only one supply factor in isolation. To fill the gap, I specify a dynamic programming model of joint labour supply and open-source contribution decisions that can provide empirical estimates of relative importance within a single unified framework.
Telomere Dysfunction Triggers Palindrome Formation Independently of Double-Strand Break Repair Mechanisms

Inverted chromosome duplications or palindromes are linked with genetic disorders and malignant transformation. They are considered by-products of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair: the homologous recombination (HR) and the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Palindromes near chromosome ends are often triggered by telomere losses. An important question is to what extent their formation depends upon DSB repair mechanisms. Here we addressed this question using yeast genetics and comparative genomic hybridization. We induced palindrome formation by passaging cells lacking any form of telomere maintenance (telomerase and telomere recombination). Surprisingly, we found that DNA ligase 4, essential for NHEJ, did not make a significant contribution to palindrome formation induced by telomere losses. Moreover RAD51, important for certain HR-derived mechanisms, had little effect. Furthermore RAD52, which is essential for HR in yeast, appeared to decrease the number of palindromes in cells proliferating without telomeres. This study also uncovered an important role for Rev3 and Rev7 (but not for Pol32) subunits of polymerase ζ in the survival of cells undergoing telomere losses and forming palindromes. We propose a model called short-inverted repeat-induced synthesis in which DNA synthesis, rather than DSB repair, drives the inverted duplication triggered by telomere dysfunction.
Performance analysis on MAC protocol based on beacon-enabled visible personal area networks

Visible light communication moves to the advanced research period for developing application services, but most of applications are limited only to PtP service model. However, PtMP communication environment for VLC is required to accommodate more various applications. In this paper, we analyze an effect of key parameters on network performance in the star topology based visible personal area network system. We implement a simulator with considering attributes of PHY and MAC layer which are defined by IEEE 802.15. 7 standard documents, and analyze the VLC performance.
Microcirculation-on-a-Chip: A Microfluidic Platform for Assaying Blood- and Lymphatic-Vessel Permeability

We developed a microfluidic model of microcirculation containing both blood and lymphatic vessels for examining vascular permeability. The designed microfluidic device harbors upper and lower channels that are partly aligned and are separated by a porous membrane, and on this membrane, blood vascular endothelial cells (BECs) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were cocultured back-to-back. At cell-cell junctions of both BECs and LECs, claudin-5 and VE-cadherin were detected. The permeability coefficient measured here was lower than the value reported for isolated mammalian venules. Moreover, our results showed that the flow culture established in the device promoted the formation of endothelial cell-cell junctions, and that treatment with histamine, an inflammation-promoting substance, induced changes in the localization of tight and adherens junction-associated proteins and an increase in vascular permeability in the microdevice. These findings indicated that both BECs and LECs appeared to retain their functions in the microfluidic coculture platform. Using this microcirculation device, the vascular damage induced by habu snake venom was successfully assayed, and the assay time was reduced from 24 h to 30 min. This is the first report of a microcirculation model in which BECs and LECs were cocultured. Because the micromodel includes lymphatic vessels in addition to blood vessels, the model can be used to evaluate both vascular permeability and lymphatic return rate.
Mid-infrared imaging of NGC 1068 with VISIR at the Very Large Telescope

High-resolution mid-infrared (MIR) images of the central region of NGC 1068 have been obtained with VISIR, the multi-mode MIR instrument recently installed at the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope on Paranal. A map of the emission at 12.8 μm with increased sensitivity over the central 8 × 8 arcsec2 area is discussed. It shows a central core (unresolved along the east–west direction) and extended emission which has a spiral pattern similar to that observed in near-infrared images. Patches of MIR emission can be detected up to a distance of 4 arcsec from the core. The deconvolved 12.8-μm map is fully consistent with previous high-resolution MIR observations. It highlights the structure of the extended emission, already seen in the un-deconvolved image, and allows us to identify a set of MIR sources: seven in the north-eastern quadrant and five in the south-western quadrant. The MIR emission map is compared with those obtained at comparable angular resolution in the near-infrared and in [O iii] line emission. The very good correlation between the VISIR map and the Hubble Space Telescope optical map supports the idea that the MIR emission not associated with the torus arises from dust associated with the narrow-line-region clouds. The north–south extension of the MIR core (0.44 arcsec) is then probably simply due to the mixing of the MIR emission from the dusty torus and the MIR emission from narrow-line-region cloud B, located only 0.1 arcsec to the north.
A low-noise SC-type interface asic for a closed-loop MEMS gyroscope

This paper presents a low-noise SC-type interface ASIC for a closed-loop MEMS vibratory gyroscope. An AC sensing method is employed to convert the amplitude-modulated capacitive signal to voltage signal. The interface CSA (charge sensitive amplifier) is followed by a CDS (correlated double sampling) circuit to reduce low frequency noise and eliminate offset. The system realizes a closed-loop control in the driving and sensing mode. The ASIC is fabricated in 0.18um CMOS process and occupies 2.9×1.7 mm2.
MMR-based Feature Selection for Text Categorization

We introduce a new method of feature selection for text categorization. Our MMR-based feature selection method strives to reduce redundancy between features while maintaining information gain in selecting appropriate features for text categorization. Empirical results show that MMR-based feature selection is more effective than Koller & Sahami's method, which is one of greedy feature selection methods, and conventional information gain which is commonly used in feature selection for text categorization. Moreover, MMR-based feature selection sometimes produces some improvements of conventional machine learning algorithms over SVM which is known to give the best classification accuracy.
Interference with Neutrophil Migration Glucuronoxylomannan Is Essential for -Acetylation of Cryptococcal Capsular O

The capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) of Cryptococcus neoformans has been shown to interfere with neutrophil migration. Although several receptors have been implied to mediate this process, the structural perspectives are unknown. Here, we assess the contribution of 6- O- acetylation and xylose substitution of the (1 3 3)- (cid:1) - D -mannan backbone of GXM, the variable structural features of GXM, to the interference with neutrophil migration. We compare chemically deacetylated GXM and acetyl- or xylose-deﬁcient GXM from genetically modiﬁed strains with wild-type GXM in their ability to inhibit the different phases of neutrophil migration. Additionally, we verify the effects of de- O -acetylation on neutrophil migration in vivo. De- O acetylation caused a dramatic reduction of the inhibitory capacity of GXM in the in vitro assays for neutrophil chemokinesis, rolling on E-selectin and ﬁrm adhesion to endothelium. Genetic removal of xylose only marginally reduced the ability of GXM to reduce ﬁrm adhesion. In vivo, chemical deacetylation of GXM signiﬁcantly reduced its ability to interfere with neutrophil recruitment in a model of myocardial ischemia (65% reduction vs a nonsigniﬁcant reduction in tissue myeloperoxidase, respectively). Our ﬁndings indicate that 6- O -acetylated mannose of GXM is a crucial motive for the inhibition of neutrophil recruitment.
Susceptibility of Mexican isolates of yeasts and moulds to amphotericin B and triazole antifungals.

BACKGROUND Resistance to antifungal drugs, especially towards triazoles, is commonly referred to by clinicians, but data on its prevalence in developing countries is limited. METHODOLOGY To determine the prevalence of triazole-resistance amongst pathogenic yeasts and moulds, we assessed the in vitro susceptibility of 250 isolates from hospitalized patients at five Mexican cities towards amphotericin B, fluconazole and voriconazole, by E-test. RESULTS All yeasts were susceptible to voriconazole, according to E-test interpretive criteria (MIC < or = 1 microg/mL), and all filamentous or dimorphic fungi also had voriconazole MIC < or = 1 microg/mL, except for one isolate each of Mucor sp. and Acremonium sp. Candida krusei and one isolate of C. glabrata were resistant to fluconazole, a drug that had MIC > or = 192 microg/mL for filamentous fungi. Although no breakpoints for amphotericin B are available, all three C. krusei, 2/25 C. glabrata, 3/22 C. parapsilosis and 1/108 C. albicans had MIC > or = 2 microg/mL. CONCLUSION In vitro, voriconazole is active against yeasts and moulds commonly causing severe mycoses in Mexico.
The Influence of Divine Rewards and Punishments on Religious Prosociality

A common finding across many cultures has been that religious people behave more prosocially than less (or non-) religious people. Numerous priming studies have demonstrated that the activation of religious concepts via implicit and explicit cues (e.g., ‘God,’ ‘salvation,’ among many others) increases prosociality in religious people. However, the factors underlying such findings are less clear. In this review we discuss hypotheses (e.g., the supernatural punishment hypothesis) that explain the religion-prosociality link, and also how recent findings in the empirical literature converge to suggest that the divine rewards (e.g., heaven) and punishments (e.g., hell) promised by various religious traditions may play a significant role. In addition, we further discuss inconsistencies in the religion-prosociality literature, as well as existing and future psychological studies which could improve our understanding of whether, and how, concepts of divine rewards and punishments may influence prosociality.
The development of a new instrument to assess metacognitive strategy knowledge about academic writing and its relation to self-regulated writing and writing performance

Writing is a complex, recursive, and strategic process that requires metacognitive competencies. Skillful writers have a high level of metacognitive strategy knowledge (MSK) and use strategies effectively. MSK about writing describes a person’s verbalizable knowledge and awareness of memory, comprehension, and higher order processes that underlie skillful writing. Measurement instruments assessing students’ MSK about academic writing in higher education that can be used for group settings and large samples are lacking. The aim of this article is to describe the development of a new MSK test instrument. The MSK test consists of three different writing scenarios related to the three self-regulated writing phases: planning prior to composing full text, monitoring the writing during composition, and subsequent revision. The findings of a pre-study (N = 51) and two studies (N = 23; N = 113) showed that the new MSK test is economical in use, is reliable and has high content validity. Further, the findings demonstrated external validity of the new instrument in terms of relationships with students’ metacognitive strategy use and writing performance. Implications for future research and educational practice are discussed.
Better speedups using simpler parallel programming for graph connectivity and biconnectivity

Speedups demonstrated for finding the biconnected components of a graph: 9x to 33x on the Explicit Multi-Threading (XMT) many-core computing platform relative to the best serial algorithm using a relatively modest silicon budget. Further evidence suggests that speedups of 21x to 48x are possible. For graph connectivity, we demonstrate that XMT outperforms two recent NVIDIA GPUs of similar or greater silicon area. Previous studies of parallel biconnectivity algorithms achieved at most a 4x speedup, but we could not find biconnectivity code for GPUs to compare biconnectivity against them. Ease-of-programming: The paper suggests that parallel programming for the XMT platform is considerably simpler than for the SMP and GPU ones. Unlike the quantitative speedup results, the ease-of-programming comparison is more qualitative. Productivity of parallel programming is a central interest of PMAM/PPoPP strongly favoring ease-of-programming. We believe that the discussion is on par with the state of the art on this relatively underexplored interest. The results provide new insights into the synergy between algorithms, the practice of parallel programming and architecture: (1) no single biconnectivity algorithm is dominant for all inputs; (2) XMT provides good performance for each algorithm and better speedups relative to other platforms; (3) the textbook (TV) PRAM algorithm was the only one that provided strong speedups on XMT across all inputs considered; and (4) the TV implementation was a direct implementation of a PRAM algorithm, though a nontrivial effort was needed to get a PRAM version with lower constant factors. Overall, it appears that previous low speedups on other platforms were not caused by inefficient algorithms or their programming. Instead, it is because of the better match between the algorithms and the XMT platform. Given the growing interest in adding architectural support for parallel programming to existing multi-cores, our results suggest the following open question: can such added architectural support catch up on speedups and ease-of-programming with a design originally inspired by parallel algorithms, such as XMT? Finally, this work addresses another related interest of PMAM/PPoPP: new parallel workloads that improve synergy with emerging architectures. One variant of biconnectivity algorithms demonstrated the potential advantage of enhancing XMT by supporting in hardware more thread contexts, perhaps through context switching between them--apparently, a first demonstration of this old Cray MTA concept benefiting XMT.
Phenomenological research in medical education: an overview of its philosophy, approaches, and conduct

Within this research methods case study, we discuss the case of an interpretive phenomenological study. We outline the methodology, the research process, and the challenges encountered. The project on which this is based explored the experiences of eight U.K. junior doctors with dyslexia. We use this real-life example of interpretive phenomenology to humanize it as a research process. We also highlight its use within a wider research project, concerning the experiences of medical students and junior doctors with dyslexia. Phenomenology is a qualitative methodology, which concerns itself with the study of lived experiences. There are two core and contrasting schools of phenomenology. They are “interpretive” and “descriptive. ” Within descriptive phenomenological studies, the researcher is required to “bracket out” their prejudices and pre-conceived ideas before conducting the study. This is not the case within interpretive phenomenology, which instead embraces these in the design and analysis of the study. In this sense, it is well suited to insider-researchers. Seb, as an insider-researcher (a medical student with dyslexia), was therefore well placed to adopt an interpretive phenomenological approach for this study. As an experienced phenomenologist, John was also well placed to supervise it. The research process was emotionally demanding for Seb. However, his insider status helped to establish a sense of camaraderie with participants. He was also able to develop a truly empathic understanding of their experiences. In this sense, the interpretive elements applied through his insider status were used to the benefit of the study.
A local formulation of lattice Wess-Zumino model with exact U(1)R symmetry

A lattice Wess-Zumino model is formulated on the basis of Ginsparg-Wilson fermions. In perturbation theory, our formulation is equivalent to the formulation by Fujikawa and Ishibashi and by Fujikawa. Our formulation is, however, free from a singular nature of the latter formulation due to an additional auxiliary chiral supermultiplet on a lattice. The model posssesses an exact U(1)R symmetry as a supersymmetric counterpart of the L? scher lattice chiral U(1) symmetry. A restration of the supersymmetric Ward-Takahashi identity in the continuum limit is analyzed in renormalized perturbation theory. In the one-loop level, a supersymmetric continuum limit is ensured by suitably adjusting a coefficient of a single local term *. The non-renormalization theorem holds to this order of perturbation theory. In higher orders, on the other hand, coefficents of local terms with dimension ? 4 that are consistent with the U(1)R symmetry have to be adjusted for a supersymmetric continuum limit. The origin of this complexicity in higher-order loops is clarified on the basis of the Reisz power counting theorem. Therefore, from a view point of supersymmetry, the present formulation is not quite better than a lattice Wess-Zumino model formulated by using Wilson fermions, although a number of coefficients which require adjustment is much less due to the exact U(1)R symmetry. We also comment on an exact non-linear fermionic symmetry which corresponds to the one studied by Bonini and Feo; an existence of this exact symmetry itself does not imply a restoration of supersymmetry in the continuum limit without any adjustment of parameters.
Does Information Technology Increase or Decrease Hospitals' Risk? An Empirical Examination of Computerized Physician Order entry and Malpractice Claims

Information technology (IT) has significant potential to improve the quality of patient care, to lower costs, and to improve efficiency. However, IT leaves an electronic paper trail that may demonstrate negligence and thereby create legal risk. Emerging research suggests that this fear of electronic discovery is delaying IT adoption, thereby perpetuating inefficiencies. Is this fear founded? If it is, then policy changes are needed to remove this obstacle to streamlining the healthcare system. If not, then healthcare providers should move ahead to realize IT benefits without being stymied by irrational fears. We examined the relationship between Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) and malpractice claims against hospitals in Florida between 1999 and 2006. CPOE reduces the number, severity, and disposition time of claims, while having no effect on the amounts paid. This indicates that CPOE reduces hospital legal risk, suggesting that fears of increased legal risk due to IT are unfounded.
The influence of anonymity on participation in online communities. (L'influence de l'anonymat sur la participation dans les communautés en ligne)

Cette these de doctorat porte sur l'influence de l'anonymat sur la participation dans les communautes en ligne. Le point de depart de ce travail est une observation au cours de la conception d'une plate-forme en ligne pour le soutien social entre aidants informels. J'avais note que nous ne savions pas decider si les aidants devaient pouvoir etre anonymes sur la plate-forme ou non, et quel en serait l’effet. Ma these comporte une revue de la litterature qui est synthetisee dans un modele qui decrit quel sont les facteurs qui de participation en ligne qui pourraient etre influences par l’anonymat. Nous avons conduit trois etudes : Une sur Youtube, dont le systeme d'identification a change pour ne plus permettre de poster des commentaires de facon anonyme, une sur Quora, ou les utilisateurs peuvent choisir de repondre aux questions de maniere anonyme ou non, et une sur Hacker News, ou les utilisateurs peuvent choisir de devoiler plus ou moins leur identite. Ces etudes nous permettent de montrer que, contrairement a ce que dit la litterature, 1) l'anonymat ne conduit pas necessairement a des discussions impolies, 2) qu'il y a d'autres facteurs que l'anonymat qui ont une influence plus importante sur la participation, et que 3) l'anonymat peut reveler d’autres facteurs qui ont un effet sur la participation, comme la longueur du texte, qui a un effet sur l’appreciation sociale. Ces resultats permettent de confirmer le modele "Social Identity of Deindividuation Effects", et le fait que l'anonymat peut avoir une influence positive sur l'esprit de groupe