Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical segmentation of digital mammography by agents competition

A new hybrid approach for mammography segmentation is suggested in this work. The segmentations proceed by refining successively, in a way that macro regions at each step are recovered. Two segmentation techniques, thresholding and Markov field, enter in competition to segment theses regions. The technique which gives the best results according to a given criterion will take on the process. However, using the same segmentation for all macro regions is not necessary. Thus, the new obtained regions will become candidates for a novel segmentation. The process continues till verification of a stop criterion.
Discrete-Time Modelling of the Moog Sawtooth Oscillator Waveform

Discrete-time modelling strategies of analogue Moog sawtooth oscillator waveforms are presented. Two alternative approaches suitable for real-time implementation are proposed, one modelling the analogue waveform in time domain using phase distortion synthesis and another matching the spectrum of an existing antialiasing sawtooth oscillator to the corresponding analogue spectrum using a first-order IIR post-equalising filter. A parameter estimation procedure for both approaches is explained and performed. Performance evaluation using polynomial fits for the estimated parameters is carried out, and good matches between the model outputs and recorded waveforms are obtained. The best match of the tested algorithms is produced by the phase distortion model and by post-equalising the fourth-order B-spline bandlimited step function sawtooth oscillator.
Translation systems and experimental results of the EHR group for WAT2016 tasks

System architecture, experimental settings and experimental results of the group for the WAT2016 tasks are described. We participate in six tasks: en-ja, zh-ja, JPCzh-ja, JPCko-ja, HINDENen-hi and HINDENhi-ja. Although the basic architecture of our sys-tems is PBSMT with reordering, several techniques are conducted. Especially, the system for the HINDENhi-ja task with pivoting by English uses the reordering technique. Be-cause Hindi and Japanese are both OV type languages and English is a VO type language, we can use reordering technique to the pivot language. We can improve BLEU score from 7.47 to 7.66 by the reordering technique for the sentence level pivoting of this task.
Wearable binocular eye tracking targets in 3-D environment using 2-D regression-based gaze estimation

This paper presents a binocular eye tracking device which used 2-D regression-based method to avoid the complicated vector calculations, often applied in geometry-based 3-D tracking, to increase processing speed. It is probably due to the speed increasing that enables us to do the experiments of dynamic estimation errors, which are actually like an experiment to trace a moving object in real 3-D environment if the predefined points, used for evaluating the error estimation, increased to a large number. So far, the preliminary estimations seemed acceptable. It also found 3-D estimation errors mainly caused by the 2-D calibration errors. Therefore, seeking a better 2-D calibration would become one of the important issues for further experiments.
Self assembly of anisotropic particles with critical Casimir forces

Building new materials with structures on the micron and nanoscale presents a grand challenge currently. It requires fine control in the assembly of well-designed building blocks, and understanding of the mechanical, thermodynamic, and opto-electronic properties of the resulting structures. Patchy colloidal particles with sizes from nano to micrometers provide new building blocks for tomorrow’s materials owing to the ability to control their valency and thus the architecture of the assembled structures. This thesis presents our experimental observations of multivalent colloidal self-assembly with critical Casimir forces. This solvent-mediated force allows particle interactions to be tuned with temperature and solvent composition, without the addition of any other component. By combining our synthesized multivalent colloidal particles with critical Casimir forces we assemble these building blocks into site-specific superstructures, and then investigate the relation between the particle potential and geometry, and the aggregate morphology by real-space confocal imaging, reciprocal near-field light scattering and Monte Carlo simulations.
Silva , by Multiplex RNAi Screening Profiling Essential Genes in Human Mammary Cells

http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/319/5863/617 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/319/5863/617/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/319/5863/617#related-content http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/319/5863/617#otherarticles , 8 of which can be accessed for free: cites 31 articles This article 25 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science. cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/319/5863/617#otherarticles 8 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/medicine Medicine, Diseases : subject collections This article appears in the following
SELF-CONSISTENT FIELD MODEL OF BRUSHES FORMED BY ROOT-TETHERED DENDRONS

SELF-CONSISTENT FIELD MODEL OF BRUSHES FORMED BY ROOT-TETHERED DENDRONS E.B. Zhulina, F.A.M. Leermakers, O.V. Borisov a ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation b Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS, Saint Petersburg, 199004, Russian Federation c Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen, 6703 HB, The Netherlands d Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands Corresponding author: kzhulina@hotmail.com Article info Received 24.02. 15, accepted 13.03. 15 doi: 10.17586/2226-1494-2015-15-3-493-499 Article in English For citation: Zhulina E.B. , Leermakers F.A.M., Borisov O.V. Self-consistent field model of brushes formed by root-tethered dendrons. Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 2015, vol.15, no. 3, pp. 493–499. Abstract We present an analytical self-consistent field (scf) theory that describes planar brushes formed by regularly branched root-tethered dendrons of the second and third generations. The developed approach gives the possibility for calculation of the scf molecular potential acting at monomers of the tethered chains. In the linear elasticity regime for stretched polymers, the molecular potential has a parabolic shape with the parameter k depending on architectural parameters of tethered macromolecules: polymerization degrees of spacers, branching functionalities, and number of generations. For dendrons of the second generation, we formulate a general equation for parameter k and analyze how variations in the architectural parameters of these dendrons affect the molecular potential. For dendrons of the third generation, an analytical expression for parameter k is available only for symmetric macromolecules with equal lengths of all spacers and equal branching functionalities in all generations. We analyze how the thickness of dendron brush in a good solvent is affected by variations in the chain architecture. Results of the developed scf theory are compared with predictions of boxlike scaling model. We demonstrate that in the limit of high branching functionalities, the results of both approaches become consistent if the value of exponent  in boxlike model is put to unity. In conclusion, we briefly discuss the systems to which the developed scf theory is applicable. These are: planar and concave spherical and cylindrical brushes under various solvent conditions (including solvent-free melted brushes) and brush-like layers of ionic (polyelectrolyte) dendrons.
Beneficial effect of continuation of propranolol through coronary bypass surgery

The safety and beneficial effect of continuation of propranolol (Pr) through coronary bypass surgery (CBS) was studied in two groups of patients. In the control group (50 patients) Pr was discontinued 24 h before CBS without reinstitution afterwards. In the propranolol group the drug was maintained up to 4 to 10 h before surgery and was restarted within 24 h afterwards. The incidence of subendocardial myocardial infarction was significantly lower in the Pr group (1 out of 30 vs 10 out of 50, p < 0.05) while the incidence of transmural infarction was the same in both groups (3 out of 30, 10 %, vs 5 out of 50, 10%). The incidence of supraventricular tachycardias during the first three postoperative days was significantly lower in the propranolol group compared to control (5% vs 30%, p < 0.01). The 24 h urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion was significantly greater than normal the day before surgery (136 ± 12 vs 39 ± 4 μg/24 h, p < 0.01), and was still high two weeks after surgery (115.1 ± 14 μg/24 h). There were no complications related to propranolol. The left ventricular function as measured from the systolic time intervals was the same pre‐and postoperatively in both groups. The results of this study show that administration of propranolol up to 4 h before coronary bypass and reinstitution immediately afterwards is safe and beneficial.
Mandible shape modeling using the second eigenfunction of the Laplace-Beltrami operator

The second Laplace-Beltrami eigenfunction provides an intrinsic geometric way of establishing natural coordinates for elongated 3D anatomical structures obtained from medical images. The approach is used to establish the centerline of the human mandible from CT and provides automated anatomical landmarks across subjects. These landmarks are then used to quantify the growth pattern of the mandible between ages 0 and 20.
Analysis of multi-user detection of multi-rate transmissions in multi-cellular CDMA

In this paper, we address the issue of multi-user receiver design in realistic multi-cellular and multi-rate CDMA systems based on performance analysis. We consider the multi-user detection (MUD) technique, denoted interference subspace rejection (ISR), because it offers a wide range of canonic suppression modes that range in performance and complexity between interference cancellers and linear receivers. To further broaden our study, we propose a modified ISR scheme called hybrid ISR to cope better with multi-rate transmissions. The performance analysis, which is based on the Gaussian assumption (GA) and validated by simulations, takes into account data estimation errors, carrier frequency mismatch, imperfect power control, identification errors of time-varying multipath Rayleigh channels and intercell interference. This analysis enables us to optimize the selection of the MUD mode for multi-rate transmissions in different operating conditions. The effectiveness of interference cancellation is indeed investigated under different mobile speeds, numbers of receiving antennas, near-far situations, channel estimation errors, and out-cell to in-cell interference ratios. This investigation suggests that the out-of-cell interference, the residual in-cell interference, the noise enhancement as well as low mobility favor the simplest MUD modes as they offer the best performance/complexity tradeoffs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative Assessment of Goal Models within and beyond the Requirements Engineering Tool: A Case Study in the Accessibility Domain

Goal-Orientation provides a rich framework to reason about systems at Requirements Engineering (RE) time, at least using some quantitative form of reasoning on a goal structure. This paper focuses on the assessment of the satisfaction level of requirements and related goals which has to be measured at run-time and possibly involves some multiple instantiation schemes. We propose a framework to derive such a run-time assessment from the design-time goal model and illustrate it on a real-world case study from the accessibility domain.
Representation of forming limits for negative incremental forming of thin sheet metals

In negative incremental forming, a punch moves on a sheet metal, plastically deforming it according to a programmed path, while the sheet is clamped at the periphery onto a support frame. It is well recognized that sever strain can occur before fracture, thanks to the local and incremental shear deformations mechanics induced by the process. Thinning and fracture largely depend on the part slope. Decreasing the feed rate has a positive effect on formability. Knowledge about the forming limits, especially in relation to the feed rate, is essential to set the feed rate at the maximum possible values, thus increasing the productivity of the process. The purpose of the study is to describe the effect of various process parameters on the formability. Experiments are presented, aimed at investigating the effect of the feed rate fz, the part slope α, the part curvature ρ in a plane perpendicular to the vertical z-axis, the spherical punch radius r, etc. Several thin aluminum cups have been formed with a robotic incremental forming cell. The investigation is used for proposing new spaces for representation of forming limits, alternative to the frequently used FLDs.
Temperament, character and serotonin activity in the human brain: a positron emission tomography study based on a general population cohort

Background The psychobiological model of personality by Cloninger and colleagues originally hypothesized that interindividual variability in the temperament dimension ‘harm avoidance’ (HA) is explained by differences in the activity of the brain serotonin system. We assessed brain serotonin transporter (5-HTT) density in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET) in healthy individuals with high or low HA scores using an ‘oversampling’ study design. Method Subjects consistently in either upper or lower quartiles for the HA trait were selected from a population-based cohort in Finland (n = 2075) with pre-existing Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores. A total of 22 subjects free of psychiatric and somatic disorders were included in the matched high- and low-HA groups. The main outcome measure was regional 5-HTT binding potential (BPND) in high- and low-HA groups estimated with PET and [11C]N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-methylphenylthio)benzylamine ([11C]MADAM). In secondary analyses, 5-HTT BPND was correlated with other TCI dimensions. Results 5-HTT BPND did not differ between high- and low-HA groups in the midbrain or any other brain region. This result remained the same even after adjusting for other relevant TCI dimensions. Higher 5-HTT BPND in the raphe nucleus predicted higher scores in ‘self-directedness’. Conclusions This study does not support an association between the temperament dimension HA and serotonin transporter density in healthy subjects. However, we found a link between high serotonin transporter density and high ‘self-directedness’ (ability to adapt and control one's behaviour to fit situations in accord with chosen goals and values). We suggest that biological factors are more important in explaining variability in character than previously thought.
Towards Availability Benchmarks: A Case Study of Software RAID Systems

Benchmarks have historically played a key role in guiding the progress of computer science systems research and development, but have traditionally neglected the areas of availability, maintainability, and evolutionary growth, areas that have recently become critically important in high-end system design. As a first step in addressing this deficiency, we introduce a general methodology for benchmarking the availability of computer systems. Our methodology uses fault injection to provoke situations where availability may be compromised, leverages existing performance benchmarks for workload generation and data collection, and can produce results in both detail-rich graphical presentations or in distilled numerical summaries. We apply the methodology to measure the availability of the software RAID systems shipped with Linux, Solaris 7 Server, and Windows 2000 Server, and find that the methodology is powerful enough not only to quantify the impact of various failure conditions on the availability of these systems, but also to unearth their design philosophies with respect to transient errors and recovery policy.
Identifying disease sensitive and quantitative trait-relevant biomarkers from multidimensional heterogeneous imaging genetics data via sparse multimodal multitask learning

Motivation: Recent advances in brain imaging and high-throughput genotyping techniques enable new approaches to study the influence of genetic and anatomical variations on brain functions and disorders. Traditional association studies typically perform independent and pairwise analysis among neuroimaging measures, cognitive scores and disease status, and ignore the important underlying interacting relationships between these units. Results: To overcome this limitation, in this article, we propose a new sparse multimodal multitask learning method to reveal complex relationships from gene to brain to symptom. Our main contributions are three-fold: (i) introducing combined structured sparsity regularizations into multimodal multitask learning to integrate multidimensional heterogeneous imaging genetics data and identify multimodal biomarkers; (ii) utilizing a joint classification and regression learning model to identify disease-sensitive and cognition-relevant biomarkers; (iii) deriving a new efficient optimization algorithm to solve our non-smooth objective function and providing rigorous theoretical analysis on the global optimum convergency. Using the imaging genetics data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by clearly improved performance on predicting both cognitive scores and disease status. The identified multimodal biomarkers could predict not only disease status but also cognitive function to help elucidate the biological pathway from gene to brain structure and function, and to cognition and disease. Availability: Software is publicly available at: http://ranger.uta.edu/%7eheng/multimodal/ Contact: heng@uta.edu; shenli@iupui.edu
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 nanowires are outer membrane and periplasmic extensions of the extracellular electron transport components

Significance Bacterial nanowires from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 were previously shown to be conductive under nonphysiological conditions. Intense debate still surrounds the molecular makeup, identity of the charge carriers, and cellular respiratory impact of bacterial nanowires. In this work, using in vivo fluorescence measurements, immunolabeling, and quantitative gene expression analysis, we demonstrate that S. oneidensis MR-1 nanowires are extensions of the outer membrane and periplasm, rather than pilin-based structures, as previously thought. We also demonstrate that the outer membrane multiheme cytochromes MtrC and OmcA localize to these membrane extensions, directly supporting one of the two models of electron transport through the nanowires; consistent with this, production of bacterial nanowires correlates with an increase in cellular reductase activity. Bacterial nanowires offer an extracellular electron transport (EET) pathway for linking the respiratory chain of bacteria to external surfaces, including oxidized metals in the environment and engineered electrodes in renewable energy devices. Despite the global, environmental, and technological consequences of this biotic–abiotic interaction, the composition, physiological relevance, and electron transport mechanisms of bacterial nanowires remain unclear. We report, to our knowledge, the first in vivo observations of the formation and respiratory impact of nanowires in the model metal-reducing microbe Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Live fluorescence measurements, immunolabeling, and quantitative gene expression analysis point to S. oneidensis MR-1 nanowires as extensions of the outer membrane and periplasm that include the multiheme cytochromes responsible for EET, rather than pilin-based structures as previously thought. These membrane extensions are associated with outer membrane vesicles, structures ubiquitous in Gram-negative bacteria, and are consistent with bacterial nanowires that mediate long-range EET by the previously proposed multistep redox hopping mechanism. Redox-functionalized membrane and vesicular extensions may represent a general microbial strategy for electron transport and energy distribution.
WISEP J004701.06+680352.1: AN INTERMEDIATE SURFACE GRAVITY, DUSTY BROWN DWARF IN THE AB DOR MOVING GROUP

We present spectroscopy, astrometry, and photometry of the brown dwarf WISEP J004701.06+680352.1 (W0047+68), an unusually red field L dwarf at a distance of 12.2 ± 0.4 pc. The three-dimensional space motion identifies it as a member of the AB Dor Moving Group, an identification supported by our classification of W0047+68 as intermediate surface gravity (INT-G) using the Allers & Liu near-infrared classification system. This moving group membership implies near-solar metallicity, age ∼100–125 Myr, M ≈ 0.018 M☉, and log g ≈ 4.5; the thick condensate clouds needed to explain the infrared spectrum are, therefore, a result of surface gravity that is lower than that of ordinary field brown dwarfs. From the observed luminosity and evolutionary model radius, we find Teff ≈ 1300 K, a temperature normally associated with early T dwarfs. Thick clouds are also used to explain the spectral properties of directly imaged giant planets, and we discuss the successes and challenges for such substellar models in matching the observed optical and infrared spectra. W0047+68 shows that cloud thickness is more sensitive to intermediate surface gravity than in most models. We also present a trigonometric parallax of the dusty L6 dwarf 2MASS J21481628+4003593. It lies at 8.060 ± 0.036 parsecs; its astrometry is consistent with the view that it is older and metal-rich.
Preparation and Characterization of Grafted Adsorbents and their Applications in Biomolecule Purification

This doctoral research focuses on the preparation and characterization of grafted adsorbents and their performance evaluation as chromatography adsorbents for the purification of biomolecules. Most downstream bioprocesses include several chromatographic steps amongst other traditional purification steps in order to produce highly purified bioproducts like plasmid DNA, virus-like particles, and monoclonal antibodies. Currently, there is an enormous demand for developing innovative and cost-effective bioprocessing techniques for reducing production costs, which mostly lie in downstream bioprocessing (up to 80% of the entire production cost). In recent years, fiber-based and cryogel-based adsorbents have been promoted as an additional alternative to conventional packed-bed resins. Cryogels are the product of cryogelation technology, having interconnected macropores in the range of 10--200 um. Due to the macroporous structures, efficient mass transfer and good flow through properties are expected. The macroporous nature and the different chemistry embedded within the cryogels plays a significant role in separating a broad range of therapeutic biomolecules. Even, fiber-based materials also show excellent physicochemical properties and offer several advantages, including large surface areas, high swelling capacities, mechanically robustness, and convenient usage. Although the potentials for cryogel- and fiber-based are high, the lower binding capacity of these adsorbents compared to resin-based adsorbents has hampered their usage as a chromatography adsorbents. The primary objectives of my dissertation was to investigate how grafting initiation techniques influences the binding capacities of surface-modified adsorbents.