Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Relation-Specific Investment Contr ibute to Competence Building ? A Supplier ’ s Perspective

This research attempts to explore, both conceptually and empirically, the positive effect of committing on relation-specific investment by the supplier within a context of international subcontracting partnership. Conceptually, we bring dynamic capability perspective of inter-firm collaboration into the existing transaction costs consideration by arguing that this kind of investment could stimulate more joint initiatives, which, in turn, could result in competence building by the supplier. As the supplier’s capability is essential to successful strategic outsourcing, relationspecific investment could therefore provide transaction value for, not merely incur transaction costs to, the inter-organization collaboration. Empirically, we propose two new constructs of asset specificity, namely “IT specificity” and “process specificity”, to highlight the necessity of establishing inter-organizational coordinating routines involving interaction between people and the information infrastructure under which inter-organization knowledge exchange and eventually synergistic complementarities could be facilitated. Based on a questionnaire survey of Taiwanese manufacturers in information industries and a linear structural equation modeling approach, the empirical results largely support our conceptual postulation that the supplier’s investment in relation-specific assets will positively affect both its involvement in joint activities and competence building. Managerial implications based on these results and future research directions are suggested.
A Non Rei ed Temporal Logic

A temporal logic is presented for reasoning about propositions whose truth values might change as a function of time The temporal propositions consist of formulae in a sorted rst order logic with each atomic predicate taking some set of temporal arguments as well as a set of non temporal arguments The temporal arguments serve to specify the predicate s dependence on time By partitioning the terms of the language into two sorts temporal and non temporal time is given a special syntactic and semantic status without having to resort to rei cation The bene ts of this logic are that it has a clear semantics and a well studied proof theory Unlike the rst order logic presented by Shoham propositions can be expressed and interpreted with respect to any number of temporal arguments not just with respect to a pair of time points an interval We demonstrate the advantages of this exibility In addition nothing is lost by this added exibility and more standard and useable syntax To prove this assertion we show that the logic completely subsumes Shoham s temporal logic
Inducing phytoplankton iron limitation in iron‐replete coastal waters with a strong chelating ligand

Dissolved iron (Fe) concentrations in the California coastal upwelling regime vary over two orders of magnitude (from >0.05 to <5 nM), which leads to a wide range in Fe effects on phytoplankton growth. Fe‐addition experiments are appropriate to use to assess the biological role of Fe in low‐Fe areas, but other methods are needed in Fe‐replete regions. We present experiments that use additions of the exogenous siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB, obtained from a terrestrial actinomycete fungus) to sequester ambient Fe and to markedly decrease its availability to the biota. DFOB additions resulted in artificial Fe limitation of the phytoplankton community in high‐Fe areas of the upwelling region. Results of these ‘Fe‐removal’ experiments mirror those of Fe‐addition experiments in low‐Fe, high‐nutrient, low‐chlorophyll (HNLC) waters. When DFOB is added to Fe‐replete waters, changes in nutrient concentrations, biomass, and other biological parameters closely resemble those seen in Fe limited controls in HNLC areas, while the controls without DFOB behave much like HNLC Fe‐addition bottles. DFOB additions in high‐Fe waters greatly reduced biological Fe uptake and, consequently, nitrate, silicic acid, and carbon‐uptake rates as well as particulate production. Diatoms and other phytoplankton bloomed profusely in unamended controls but not in Fe‐limited 1DFOB bottles. Bacterial numbers and zooplankton grazing activity were also severely reduced in DFOB‐addition bottles. These experiments demonstrate that artificially lowering Fe availability can induce limitation of autotrophic and heterotrophic plankton and can prevent utilization of the high ambient levels of upwelled nutrients along the California coast. Our results suggest that DFOB‐bound Fe is highly unavailable to the plankton community, a result that offers researchers an important tool to use to probe the influence of Fe on biological community development in high‐Fe regimes.
Timing Insensitive Binary to Binary Translation of Real Time Systems

Binary to binary translation (BBT) provides a solution to the problem of migrating software from older architectures to newer, faster ones through direct translation of a program executable from one instruction-set to another, without the need for recompilation. While BBT technology is well established for traditional programs, the BBT transformation of real-time programs has additional constraints which are only now addressed. When translating real-time programs, not only must the semantics of the code be preserved, but also the timing of external event processing and generation. This paper describes a technique for maintaining program timing behavior during binary-binary translation, and presents experimental results (for translation from the M68000 to the POWER architecture) that demonstrate that the timing of a translated software system can be held to within 1ms of the original system with reasonable overhead.
FINITE ELEMENT AND DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD FOR STOCHASTIC HELMHOLTZ EQUATION IN TWO- AND THREE-DIMENSIONS

Yanzhao CaoDepartment of Mathematics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL32307, USAEmail: caoy@scs.fsu. eduRan Zhang and Kai ZhangDepartment of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, ChinaEmail: zhangran@jlu.edu. cn, kzhang@jlu.edu. cnAbstractIn this paper, we consider the ﬁnite element method and discontinuous Galerkin methodfor the stochastic Helmholtz equation in R
High throughput millimeter-wave MIMO beamforming system for short range communication

The interest in short range communication has significantly increased in the last decade with the introduction of different wireless connectivity standards and their evolution such as IEEE802.11n/ac and IEEE802.11ad. New demands for higher resolution multimedia applications such as UHD push for higher data rates to exceed 30Gbps. This high data rate demand requires short range standards to adopt a new approach to accommodate these rates. Millimeter wave enable high bandwidth usage which implies higher capacity to accommodate 10-100Gbps data rates. However, the high data rate pose big challenges to both the system algorithm and architecture. In this paper, we propose a novel FPGA-based high-throughput beamforming MIMO system for millimeter wave short range communication. We present our first realization of a complete millimeter wave short range communication system, which includes RF frontend, ADC/DAC, beamforming control, synchronization, channel estimation, MIMO precoding/detection, and channel encoder/decoder. The design works at millimeter carrier frequency with 500MHz bandwidth and 2-channel MIMO Beamforming. We show realtime application test results as captured in the millimeter wave system.
The iron line in MCG—6-30-15 from XMM—Newton: evidence for gravitational light bending?

The lack of variability of the broad iron line seen in the Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG‐6-30-15 is studied using the EPIC pn data obtained from a 2001 observation of 325 ks, during which the count rate from the source varied by a factor of 5. The spectrum of 80 ks of data from when the source was bright, using the lowest 10 ks as background, is well fitted over the 3‐10 keV band with a simple power law of photon index � = 2.11. The source spectrum can therefore be decomposed into an approximately constant component, containing a strong iron emission line, and a variable power law component. Assuming that the power-law continuum extends down to 0.5 keV enables us to deduce the absorption acting on the nucleus. A simple model involving Galactic absorption and two photoelectric edges (at 0.72 and 0.86 keV) is adequate for the EPIC spectrum above 1 keV. It still gives a fair representation of the spectrum at lower energies where absorption lines, Unresolved Transition Arrays (UTAs), etc. are expected. Applying the absorption model to the low flux spectrum enables us to characterize it as reflection-dominated with iron about three times Solar. Fitting this model, with an additional power-law continuum,
The challenge of work based learning: a role for academic mentors?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the key challenge(s) experienced by employers, employees and academics during work based learning (WBL) programmes at undergraduate level. The idea of academic mentors is proposed as an aid to addressing the challenges common to WBL programmes. Design/methodology/approach – The case study presented in this paper involves a large multinational organisation and a higher education institution, both of which are based in Ireland. Interviews were used to explore the outcome(s) of a WBL programme. Findings – The challenges associated with WBL place demands on the design of curriculum, pedagogy and accreditation. The use of academic mentors can help translate academic knowledge into workplace practice; and address challenges which are common in WBL programmes. Practical implications – The understanding of best practice in the design of WBL programmes is enriched. A role for academics as mentors is identified and the implications explored. Originality/value – The .
REPRESSION OF COMPETITION AND THE EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION

Abstract Repression of competition within groups joins kin selection as the second major force in the history of life shaping the evolution of cooperation. When opportunities for competition against neighbors are limited within groups, individuals can increase their own success only by enhancing the efficiency and productivity of their group. Thus, characters that repress competition within groups promote cooperation and enhance group success. Leigh first expressed this idea in the context of fair meiosis, in which each chromosome has an equal chance of transmission via gametes. Randomized success means that each part of the genome can increase its own success only by enhancing the total number of progeny and thus increasing the success of the group. Alexander used this insight about repression of competition in fair meiosis to develop his theories for the evolution of human sociality. Alexander argued that human social structures spread when they repress competition within groups and promote successful group‐against‐group competition. Buss introduced a new example with his suggestion that metazoan success depended on repression of competition between cellular lineages. Maynard Smith synthesized different lines of thought on repression of competition. In this paper, I develop simple mathematical models to illustrate the main processes by which repression of competition evolves. With the concepts made clear, I then explain the history of the idea. I finish by summarizing many new developments in this subject and the most promising lines for future study.
Earthquake-like dynamics in Myxococcus xanthus social motility

Myxococcus xanthus is a bacterium capable of complex social organization. Its characteristic social (“S”)-motility mechanism is mediated by type IV pili (TFP), linear actuator appendages that propel the bacterium along a surface. TFP are known to bind to secreted exopolysaccharides (EPS), but it is unclear how M. xanthus manages to use the TFP-EPS technology common to many bacteria to achieve its unique coordinated multicellular movements. We examine M. xanthus S-motility, using high-resolution particle-tracking algorithms, and observe aperiodic stick–slip movements. We show that they are not due to chemotaxis, but are instead consistent with a constant TFP-generated force interacting with EPS, which functions both as a glue and as a lubricant. These movements are quantitatively homologous to the dynamics of earthquakes and other crackling noise systems. These systems exhibit critical behavior, which is characterized by a statistical hierarchy of discrete “avalanche” motions described by a power law distribution. The measured critical exponents from M. xanthus are consistent with mean field theoretical models and with other crackling noise systems, and the measured Lyapunov exponent suggests the existence of highly branched EPS. Such molecular architectures, which are common for efficient lubricants but rare in bacterial EPS, may be necessary for S-motility: We show that the TFP of leading “locomotive” cells initiate the collective motion of follower cells, indicating that lubricating EPS may alleviate the force generation requirements on the lead cell and thus make S-motility possible.
Dynamics of a Bose?Einstein condensate in an anharmonic trap

We present a theoretical model for describing the dynamics of Bose–Einstein condensates in anharmonic trapping potentials. To first approximation the centre-of-mass motion is separated from the internal condensate dynamics and the problem is reduced to the well known scaling solutions for the Thomas–Fermi radii. We discuss the validity of this approach and analyse the model for an anharmonic waveguide geometry which was recently realized in an experiment (Ott et al 2002 Preprint cond-mat/0212220).
Transduction for Pheromones in the Main Olfactory Epithelium Is Mediated by the Ca2+-Activated Channel TRPM5

Growing evidence suggests that the main olfactory epithelium contains a subset of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) responding to pheromones. One candidate subpopulation expresses the calcium activated cation channel TRPM5 (transient receptor potential channel M5). Using GFP driven by the TRPM5 promoter in mice, we show that this subpopulation responds to putative pheromones, urine, and major histocompatibility complex peptides, but not to regular odors or a pheromone detected by other species. In addition, this subpopulation of TRPM5-GFP+ OSNs uses novel transduction. In regular OSNs, odorants elicit activation of the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel, leading to Ca2+ gating of Cl− channels; in TRPM5-GFP+ OSNs, the Ca2+-activated Cl− ANO2 (anoctamin 2) channel is not expressed, and pheromones elicit activation of the CNG channel leading to Ca2+ gating of TRPM5. In conclusion, we show that OSNs expressing TRPM5 respond to pheromones, but not to regular odors through the opening of CNG channels leading to Ca2+ gating of TRPM5.
Early infant attention as a predictor of social and communicative behavior in childhood

Background: The objective was to determine whether infant neurobehavior measured at five post-gestational weeks could predict social and communicative behavior (SCB) through five and eight years. Methods: Infant neurobehavior was assessed using the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale, and SCB was measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Adjusted linear regression with generalized estimating equations were employed to estimate the association between infant neurobehavior and SCB. Interaction terms and stratification were used to identify potential effect modification by autism spectrum disorder risk factors. Results: The analyses include n = 214 and n = 227 participants who were examined at 5 weeks and followed to 4/5 and 8 years, respectively. Adjusting for maternal age, race, parity, and education as well as gestational age, only the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale summary score of “attention” (measured at mean 43.9 gestational weeks) was inversely associated with total SRS T-score through 5 years. However, in analyses stratified by maternal age, the inverse association between “attention” and SCB was significant, but only among offspring of women of advanced maternal age (≥35 y); in addition, higher scores of “excitability,” “lethargy,” and “arousal” were associated with increased total SRS T scores among women of advanced maternal age. The associations were no longer statistically significant at 8 years. Conclusions: Newborns with lower scores on the attention subscale (determined by an ability to localize and track animate and inanimate objects) were more likely to demonstrate deficits in SCB. In addition, infants with increased excitability, lethargy, or increased arousal were more likely to have impaired SCB that persisted through 5 years, but not at 8 years of age. Further work is necessary to identify specific aspects of infant neurobehavior that may affect childhood SCBs.
Robust multi-task learning with t-processes

Most current multi-task learning frameworks ignore the robustness issue, which means that the presence of "outlier" tasks may greatly reduce overall system performance. We introduce a robust framework for Bayesian multitask learning, t-processes (TP), which are a generalization of Gaussian processes (GP) for multi-task learning. TP allows the system to effectively distinguish good tasks from noisy or outlier tasks. Experiments show that TP not only improves overall system performance, but can also serve as an indicator for the "informativeness" of different tasks.
A direct mining approach to efficient constrained graph pattern discovery

Despite the wealth of research on frequent graph pattern mining, how to efficiently mine the complete set of those with constraints still poses a huge challenge to the existing algorithms mainly due to the inherent bottleneck in the mining paradigm. In essence, mining requests with explicitly-specified constraints cannot be handled in a way that is direct and precise. In this paper, we propose a direct mining framework to solve the problem and illustrate our ideas in the context of a particular type of constrained frequent patterns --- the "skinny" patterns, which are graph patterns with a long backbone from which short twigs branch out. These patterns, which we formally define as l-long δ-skinny patterns, are able to reveal insightful spatial and temporal trajectory patterns in mobile data mining, information diffusion, adoption propagation, and many others. Based on the key concept of a canonical diameter, we develop SkinnyMine, an efficient algorithm to mine all the l-long δ-skinny patterns guaranteeing both the completeness of our mining result as well as the unique generation of each target pattern. We also present a general direct mining framework together with two properties of reducibility and continuity for qualified constraints. Our experiments on both synthetic and real data demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of our approach.
GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL FOR TIME SERIES-BASED STRUCTURAL DAMAGE DETECTION

In this paper, a time series-based damage detection algorithm is proposed using Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and expectation maximization (EM) framework. The vibration time series from the structure are modelled as the autoregressive (AR) processes. The first AR coefficients are used as a feature vector for novelty detection. To test the efficacy of the damage detection algorithm, it has been tested on the pseudo-experimental data obtained from the FEM model of the ASCE benchmark frame structure. Results suggest that the presented approach is able to detect mainly major and moderate damage patterns.
Simulating SPH Fluid with Multi-Level Vorticity

The vortical motion of fluid in various scales is one of the most important elements in capturing the vivid realism of turbulent water. However, it is still challenging to resolve mul- ti-level vorticity effectively. This paper presents a novel hybrid method that combines a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) system with multiple Eulerian grids to reproduce the multi-level vorticity. In our hybrid method, the SPH system is responsible for resolving flow velocity while the multiple grids support the SPH system in efficiently detecting and computing the multi-level vor- ticity field.
A new approach to address Subset Sum problem

In this paper, Subset Sum problem (Non Polynomial Complete problem) and analysis of its two solutions is discussed. These solutions are the Dynamic Solution algorithm and the Randomized algorithm. Dynamic Solution is a sound and complete algorithm that can be used to determine satisfiability and unsatisfiability with certainty. Randomized Algorithm can determine satisfiability as well as the solution if it finds a solution, but it cannot guarantee to find a solution even if there exists one. However, Randomized Algorithm is much faster than iterative algorithm and also finds the solution, which makes it more practical. In addition, analogy between these two algorithms and two other algorithms namely PL-Resolution and Walk-Sat algorithms for 3-CNF SAT problem, which is also NPC problem is discussed and the performance of Randomized Algorithm and WalkSAT Algorithm is acceptable if the problem is not so complex.
Identity and Pairing-Based Secure Key Management Scheme for Heterogeneous Sensor Networks

Key management poses a main concern for security operation in sensor network. Most existing key management schemes try to establish shared keys for all pairs of neighbor sensors, no matter whether these nodes communicate with each other or not, and causes large overhead. Recent trend of research mainly consider homogeneous sensor network and a few consider heterogeneous sensor network for key management. In this paper, we consider heterogeneous sensor network (HSN) as a model for our proposed novel key agreement protocol based on pairing identity based encryption (IBE). The proposed scheme reduces the key spaces of the nodes, in fact nodes do not need to store any key of the other nodes rather it computes secret sharing key by using pairing and IBE properties. Security analysis shows, it also robust against different attacks such as replay attack, masquerade attack, and integrity attack.
A systematic review of distributed Agile software engineering

The combination of Agile methods and distributed software development via remote teams represents an emerging approach to address the challenges such as late feedback, slow project timelines, and high cost, typically associated with software development projects. However, when projects are implemented using an Agile model with distributed human resources, there are a number of challenges that need to be considered and mitigated. The objectives of our work are multifold. First, we would like to understand the reasons and conditions that lead to the adoption of distributed Agile software engineering (DASE) practices. Second, we would like to investigate and find out the most important risks that threaten a DASE approach and what mitigation strategies exist to address them. Finally, we would like to highlight which of the available approaches among the existing Agile methodologies has been successfully adopted by the community. We intend to solidify our findings by exploring the strength of the evidence that has been reported in the literature.