Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alpha‐2 and imidazoline receptor agonistsTheir pharmacology and therapeutic role

Clonidine has proved to be a clinically useful adjunct in clinical anaesthetic practice as well as in chronic pain therapy because it has both anaesthetic and analgesic‐sparing activity. The more selective alpha‐2 adrenoceptor agonists, dexmedetomidine and mivazerol, may also have a role in providing haemodynamic stability in patients who are at risk of peri‐operative ischaemia. The side‐effects of hypotension and bradycardia have limited the routine use of alpha‐2 adrenoceptor agonists. Investigations into the molecular pharmacology of alpha‐2 adrenoceptors have elucidated their role in the control of wakefulness, blood pressure and antinociception. We discuss the pharmacology of alpha‐2 adrenoceptors and their therapeutic role in this review. The alpha‐2 adrenoceptor agonists are agonists at imidazoline receptors which are involved in central blood pressure control. Selective imidazoline agonists are now available for clinical use as antihypertensive agents and their pharmacology is discussed.
Classical antiquities as national and global heritage

The current campaign to return to Athens the Parthenon sculptures that have been in the British Museum since the early 19th century highlights the profoundly dual nature of Greek architectural and sculptural heritage, as emblems of both Greek and global attachment. Classical relics in particular have become symbols of Greek attachment to the homeland; underscoring links between past and present, they confirm and celebrate Greek national identity. Other elements of Greek heritage – language, literature, religion, folklore – likewise lend strength to this identity, but material remnants of past glories, notably temples and sculptures from the times of Phidias and Praxiteles, assume an increasingly important symbolic role (Cook 1984; Hitchens 1987).
Electre method for choosing an e-learning platform

The problem of LMS selection can be ascribed to the wide section of decision making problems and can be solved using one of the ELECTRE method. The use of ELECTRE III method proved the effective selection of an e-leaning IT system. The method uses the quantitative and qualitative approach that expands it's range of use. The system selection is dependant from the decision maker preferences, which are very often omitted in other than ELECTRE III methods of IT e-learning system selection.
Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy of pediatric depression

Importance of the field: Depressive disorders in children and adolescents are prevalent and impairing. Current available treatments of childhood depression have advanced over the years but still leave many patients with residual symptoms. Areas covered in this review: We here review the pharmacotherapy and psychoptherapy of pediatric major depressive disorder. We conducted a Pubmed review on this topic covering the last 30 years. What the reader will gain: The reader will learn about the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of the different pediatric depression treatment modalities. We review evidence-based treatments, namely cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, and antidepressant treatments. We critically review the extant clinical trials for these treatments, and discuss both antidepressants efficacy and adverse events, including risk for suicidal events. Take home message: Current treatments lead to a sustained response rate of up to 80% and a remission rate of 60% by 6 months, but we are in need of more personalized treatment to optimize treatment response. The identification of biomarkers of response may be the first step towards personalized treatment development.
From gene action to reactive genomes

Poised at a critical turning point in the history of genetics, recent work (e.g. in genomics, epigenetics, genomic plasticity) obliges us to critically reexamine many of our most basic concepts. For example, I argue that genomic research supports a radical transformation in our understanding of the genome – a shift from an earlier conception of that entity as an effectively static collection of active genes to that of a dynamic and reactive system dedicated to the context specific regulation of protein‐coding sequences.
Impact of intrapartum antibiotics on the care and evaluation of the neonate

Background. Management of infants whose mothers receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) is controversial. In 1996 consensus guidelines for prevention of neonatal Group B streptococcal disease included an algorithm for management of infants whose mothers received IAP. To assess practices for testing and treatment of infants, we evaluated a population-based sample of deliveries to see whether excessive evaluation and treatment occurs after IAP. Methods. Medical records for 869 deliveries in Connecticut during 1996 were sampled. IAP was administered in 96 full term deliveries. We excluded infants <37 weeks and those with intrapartum fever. We reviewed hospital records for infants born after IAP (n = 81) and a random sample of those not exposed (n = 180). Analyses were conducted with sample weights to account for unequal probability of selection. Results. Infants whose mothers received IAP were more likely to have complete blood counts, (26%vs. 9%P = 0.05) but were no more likely to receive antibiotics in the first week of life (P = 0.48), have an intravenous catheter placed (P = 0.83), or to have other invasive procedures. Mean length of hospital stay was 6 h longer for infants born by vaginal delivery to mothers who had IAP (47.0 h) than for those without IAP (41.3 h) (P = 0.06). Conclusion. Despite concerns that IAP guidelines would result in excessive neonatal evaluations, infants sampled whose mothers received IAP were not more likely to undergo invasive procedures or to receive antibiotics. Consistent with the guidelines, collection of complete blood counts was more common among such infants.
Circuital and electromagnetic performances of planar microstrip spiral inductors for wireless applications

A full-wave FDTD analysis of a class of planar circular spiral inductors is presented. A locally conformal FDTD scheme is employed to analyze the circuital behavior and the spurious emission of inductors realized on a substrate of finite dimensions. Since the adopted model includes all the losses mechanisms taking place in the dielectric and metallic regions as well as the radiation phenomena due to the excitation of surface and volume waves it allows modeling accurately the relevant dynamic processes responsible for the structure behavior. The numerical results show that the circuital performances and the level of the radiated emission are significantly influenced by the inductor geometry as well as by the materials forming the structure
Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Honey Bees : Technical Answers to FAQs Prepared

Neonicotinoids are a class of insecticides with the same mode of action as nicotine. Examples include imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, thiacloprid and dinotefuran. These compounds interfere with the transmission of impulses in the nerve system of insects. Similar to the naturally occurring signal-transmitting acetylcholine, neonicotinoids stimulate certain nerve cells by acting on a receptor protein. Neonicotinoids bind tightly to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and are not broken down by the enzymes which normally and rapidly remove acetylcholine. They therefore disrupt normal nerve transmission and produce toxic effects. Unlike nicotine, these chemicals have a much higher affinity for the insect receptor than for the mammalian receptor, resulting in a much more favorable toxicological profile than nicotine. They have both contact and ingestion activity to insects.
Serum transaminase activity in calves affected by nutritional muscular dystrophy in northern Ontario.

Hughes, K. L. , Edwards, M. J., Hartley, WV. J. and Murphy, S. (1966) Polyarthritis in calves caused by Mycoplasma sp. -Vet. Rec. 78, 276-281 (Dep. Vet. Med., Univ. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia). Two outbreaks of arthritis in calves due to a pathogenic host-specific Mycoplasma sp. are described. Arthritis was reproduced by inoculation of calves with Mycoplasma culture i/v and intra-articularly, but not by the supra-conjunctival and s/c routes. Shoulder, elbow, carpus, fetlocks, hip, stifle, hock and the atlanto-occipital articulation were usually affected and the organism was frequently recovered from these joints. The stifle joint was invariably the most seriously involved. Mycoplasma could also be recovered from liver and lymph nodes. The arthritis was of a fibrino-purulent nature in acute cases and of a fibrinous nature in chronic cases. A fly wave occurred at the same time as each outbreak. Treatment of two calves with 2.5 and 5 mg. /kg. of tylosin tartrate iv, once daily for six days, was not successful. Reprinted from "The Veterinary Bulletin", Vol. 36, No. 6, June, 1966. Nachev, B. , Belchev, D. , Simov, I. , Peinikova, Ts. , Koleva, P., Ivanov, I. T. , Arsenov, L. , and Bozhilov, B. (1965). Studies on calf dyspepsia. -Nauch. Trud. vissh. vet. -med. Inst. Prof. G. Pavlov 14, 195-206 (B.g.r.) (Bul. Lenin 55, Sofia). Thirty herds were studied. The authors concluded that bacteria, particularly E. coli, played a decisive role in diarrhea of calves three to four days old. Occurrence of diarrhea was not related to the amounts of carotene and vitamin A in the blood of pregnant cows and calves. Treatment with Enterotonon (a mixture of furazolidone, chloramphenicol, and vitamins A and E) and Sigmamycin (oleandomycin plus tetracycline) gave good results. It proved possible to place half of 188 strains of E. coli isolated from sick calves into 28 0-groups; important serotypes were those of 0-groups 8, 9, 117, 78, 101, and 7. Reprinted from "The Veterinary Bulletin", Vol. 36, No. 9, September, 1966. Gauthey, J. (1966). Contribution a l'etude d'un lait therapeutique a base de tetracycine-chloramphenicol et vitamines (Lactomycetine N.D.) en medecine veterinaire. (Veterinary applications of 'therapeutic' milk containing antibiotics and vitamins (given to calves). )-Thesis, Ecole Nat. Vet. , Lyon pp. 74 (F.). A powdered preparation (Lactomycetine) containing dried skim milk, tetracycline, chloramphenical, and various B vitamins, which was made up with water to form a milk, was an effective treatment for calf diarrhoea. Reprinted from "The Veterinary Bulletin", Vol. 36, No. 10, October, 1966.
Rethinking Mobile Data Offloading for LTE in Unlicensed Spectrum

Traditional mobile data offloading transfers cellular users to WiFi networks to relieve the cellular system from the pressure of the ever-increasing data traffic load. However, the spectrum utilization of the WiFi network is bound to suffer from potential packet collisions due to its contention-based access protocol, especially when the number of competing WiFi users grows large. To tackle this problem, we propose transferring some WiFi users to be served by the LTE system, in contrast to the traditional mobile data offloading which effectively offloads LTE traffic to the WiFi network. Meanwhile, leveraging the emerging LTE in unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) technology, some unlicensed spectrum resources may be allocated to the LTE system in compensation for handling more WiFi users. In this way, a win-win situation would be generated since LTE can generally achieve better performance than WiFi due to its capability of centralized co-ordination. To facilitate it, three important challenging issues are addressed in the paper: which WiFi users should be transferred; how many WiFi users need to be transferred; and how much unlicensed resources should be relinquished to the LTE-U network. We investigate three different user transfer schemes according to the availability of channel state information (CSI): the random transfer, the distance-based transfer, and the CSI-based transfer. In each scheme, the minimum required amount of unlicensed resources under a given transferred user number is analyzed. Furthermore, we utilize the Nash bargaining solution (NBS) to develop joint user transfer and unlicensed resource allocation strategy to fulfill the win-win situation for both networks, whose performance is demonstrated by numerical simulation.
Perspectives on database theory

Database management systems address the need to store, retrieve, and manipulate large amounts of data in an organized fashion. The database held has grown tremendously in the last 25 years. It is reported that the database industry generated $7 billion in revenue in 1994 and is growing at a rate of 35% per year. Industrial and academic research have been instrumental to this growth. Theory has played an important role in defining the right abstractions and concepts, and providing a firm foundation for the field. In order to access effectively a large volume of data, one needs an abstract logical view of the data, which must be separate from the physical storage of data. The important first component of a database is therefore an abstract view of data (called the data model) and the accompanying specialized high-level language that is used to access the data. The second important component is the data structures that are used to store the data along with the algorithms to support the efficient translation from the logical to the physical world. The third important component is the mechanisms that allow the database to be accessed concurrently by many users, without violating its integrity. Theory has contributed to all three fronts, starting with what is undoubtedly the cornerstone of the area, the introduction and formal definition of the relational model by F.P. Codd (1970). It is a highly unusual compliment for theory when the major commercial products in the field have at their core a mathematically rigorous, formal model. Our primary aims in this paper will be to give a flavor of the types of problems that database theory addresses, and to review how research in the area has evolved over the years. At the end we will try to point to some topics that may be of interest to people in the FOCS community tempted to work in database theory.
Exploiting similarity in adjacent slices for compressed sensing MRI

Due to fundamental characteristics of MRI that limit scan speedup, sub-sampling techniques such as compressed sensing (CS) have been developed for rapid MRI. Current CS MRI approaches utilize sparsity of the image in the wavelet or other transform domains to speed-up acquisition. Another drawback of MRI is its poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which is proportional to the image slice thickness. In this paper, we use the difference between adjacent slices as the sparse domain for CS MRI. We propose to acquire thick MRI slices and to reconstruct the thin slices from the thick slices' data, utilizing the similarity between adjacent thin slices. The acquisition of thick slices, instead of thin ones, improves the total SNR of the reconstructed image. Experimental results show that the image reconstruction quality of the proposed method outperforms existing CS MRI methods using the same number of measurements.
N, N’-dimethyl formamide (DMF) mediated Vilsmeier–Haack adducts with 1,3,5-triazine compounds as efficient catalysts for the transesterification of β-ketoesters

Abstract N, N’-dimethyl formamide (DMF) mediated Vilsmeier–Haack (VH) adducts with 1,3,5-triazine compunds such as trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) and trichlorotriazine (TCTA) were prepared by replacing classical oxy chlorides POCl3, and SOCl2, which were explored as efficient catalysts for the transesterification of β-ketoesters. The prepared (TCCA/DMF) and (TCTA/DMF) adducts improved greenery of the classical Vilsmeier–Haack reagents (POCl3/DMF), and (SOCl2/DMF), and demonstrated their better efficient catalytic ativity. Reaction times were in the range: 3.5 to 6.5 hr (SOCl2/DMF); 2.8–5.2 hr (POCl3/DMF); 2.5–5.2 hr (TCCA/DMF) and 2.5–5.0 hr (TCTA/DMF) catalytic systems. Ultrasonically (US) assisted protocols with these reagents further reduced the reaction times (two to three times), while microwave assisted (MW) protocols with these reagents were much more effective. The reactions could be completed in only few seconds (less than a minute) in MWassisted protocols as compared to US assited reactions, followed by good product yields. Graphical Abstract
Correlation between prenatal velocity waveforms in the aortic isthmus and neurodevelopmental outcome between the ages of 2 and 4 years.

OBJECTIVE Experimental studies on fetal lambs have shown that during an increase in the resistance to placental flow the delivery of oxygen to the brain is preserved as long as net flow through the aortic isthmus is antegrade. Our purpose was to determine whether the same changes in aortic isthmus flow in human subjects have any impact on neurodevelopmental outcome. STUDY DESIGN Forty-four fetuses were retrospectively included in this study on the basis of an abnormal Doppler velocity in the umbilical artery. Mean gestational age at delivery was 33.0 +/- 2.0 weeks and mean birth weight 1386 +/- 435 g. The neurodevelopmental condition was assessed between the ages of 2 and 4 years. The developmental score was analyzed in relation to the flow patterns in the fetal aortic isthmus, which were classified as follows: group A, net isthmic flow antegrade (defined as the ratio of the systolic antegrade to the diastolic retrograde velocity integrals) (n = 39); group B, net isthmic flow retrograde (n = 5). RESULTS Nonoptimal neurodevelopment was observed in 19 (49%) of 39 fetuses in group A and in all 5 fetuses (100%) in group B. This difference is significant and leads to a relative risk of 2.05 (95% confidence interval, 1.49-2.83) for neurodevelopmental deficit when predominantly retrograde flow is observed in the fetal aortic isthmus before birth. CONCLUSION Measuring the ratio of antegrade to retrograde velocity integrals in the aortic isthmus could help in the indirect assessment of cerebral oxygenation during placental circulatory insufficiency.
Study of Abnormal Umbilical Coiling Index and its Outcome in Rural Area

Objective: To evaluate relationship between umbilical coiling index (UCI) and perinatal outcome. Material & Methods: Present prospective study was conducted on 384 term patients with singleton live pregnancy in rural area at Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally. UCI was determined by dividing total number of complete vascular coiling by umbilical cord length in centimeters. Then relationship between abnormal UCI and intrapartum fetal heart rate (FHR), mode of delivery and neonatal outcome like birth weight, meconium stained liquor and APGAR score were evaluated. Results & Discussion: Mean UCI was 0.21 + 0.78 coils per cms. It is divided into three groupshypocoiled (UCI <10 percentile), normocoiled (UCI between 10-90 percentile and hypercoiled (UCI >90 percentile). Normocoiled were predominant in 75.7 % (291), 14.6%(56) cases were hypocoiled and 9.7% (37 )were hypercoiled. Hypocoiled cords were associated with pregnancy induced hypertension , abruptio placenta, oligohydramnios, intrapartum foetal heart rate abnormalities, instrumental vaginal delivery, increased operative delivery, meconium staining, low APGAR scores , more NICU admissions and low birth weight (P value <0.05). while hypercoiling was significantly associated with, gestrational diabetes mellitus, polyhydramnios , foetal heart rate abnormalities during labour and low birth weight (P value <0.05). Conclusion: Abnormal UCI is associated with adverse perinatal outcome. UCI can be used as antenatal marker for identifying fetus at risk and by early intervention one can reduce perinatal morbidity.
Optimized protein extraction from cryopreserved brain tissue samples

Optimal standard conditions for protein extraction and solubilization from frozen tissue samples have been examined. Quantitative differences in specific protein amounts or post-translational modifications underlie many, if not all, disease states. Maximal and standardized extraction and solubilization of protein from diseased or healthy tissue is important to make the whole protein complement available for proteomic analysis, and to make the best use of a precious resource. Minimal degradation of the protein amino acid backbone, or of phosphorylated amino acid side chains, during sample preparation is essential to preserve the analytical utility of the extract. We have investigated parameters of brain tissue disintegration, and of extraction/solubilization temperature, time and volume and have reached 98% extraction of brain tissue, corresponding to about 100 µg protein per mg tissue wet weight, by an SDS-based method: Tissue disintegration in the frozen state, by ball mill grinding followed by extraction and solubilization in 2% SDS for 10 min, at 70°C, in a volume corresponding to ten times the tissue wet weight, with shaking. The treatment with SDS sample buffer can inhibit protease and phosphatase activity. Moreover, endogenous enzymes can be inhibited by incubation at high pH. The resulting protein extracts can be used for both one-dimensional SDS gel-electrophoresis and for two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/SDS electrophoresis. The proposed standard protocol has the potential to find wide application where protein extraction, solubilization, identification and quantitation from cryopreserved clinical samples are desirable.
Cardiorespiratory Kinetics Determined by Pseudo-Random Binary Sequences – Comparisons between Walking and Cycling

Abstract This study aims to compare cardiorespiratory kinetics as a response to a standardised work rate protocol with pseudo-random binary sequences between cycling and walking in young healthy subjects. Muscular and pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇O2) kinetics as well as heart rate kinetics were expected to be similar for walking and cycling. Cardiac data and V̇O2 of 23 healthy young subjects were measured in response to pseudo-random binary sequences. Kinetics were assessed applying time series analysis. Higher maxima of cross-correlation functions between work rate and the respective parameter indicate faster kinetics responses. Muscular V̇O2 kinetics were estimated from heart rate and pulmonary V̇O2 using a circulatory model. Muscular (walking vs. cycling [mean±SD in arbitrary units]: 0.40±0.08 vs. 0.41±0.08) and pulmonary V̇O2 kinetics (0.35±0.06 vs. 0.35±0.06) were not different, although the time courses of the cross-correlation functions of pulmonary V̇O2 showed unexpected biphasic responses. Heart rate kinetics (0.50±0.14 vs. 0.40±0.14; P=0.017) was faster for walking. Regarding the biphasic cross-correlation functions of pulmonary V̇O2 during walking, the assessment of muscular V̇O2 kinetics via pseudo-random binary sequences requires a circulatory model to account for cardio-dynamic distortions. Faster heart rate kinetics for walking should be considered by comparing results from cycle and treadmill ergometry.
Prediction of switching time between movement preparation and execution by neural activity in monkey premotor cortex

Premotor cortex is a higher level cortex than primary motor cortex in movement controlling hierarchy, which contributes to the motor preparation and execution simultaneously during the planned movement. The mediation mechanism from movement preparation to execution has attracted many scientists' attention. Gateway hypothesis is one possible explanation that some neurons act as “gating” to release the movement intention at the “on-go” cue. We propose to utilize a local-learning based feature extraction method to target the neurons in premotor cortex, which functionally contribute mostly to the discrimination between motor preparation and execution without tuning information to either target or movement trajectory. Then the support vector machine is utilized to predict the single trial switching time. With top three functional “gating” neurons, the prediction accuracy rate of the switching time is above 90%, which indicates the potential of asynchronous BMI control using premotor cortical activity.