Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Different Strongman Events: Trunk Muscle Activation and Lumbar Spine Motion, Load, and Stiffness

McGill, SM, McDermott, A, and Fenwick, CMJ. Comparison of different strongman events: trunk muscle activation and lumbar spine motion, load, and stiffness. J Strength Cond Res 23(4): 1148-1161, 2009-Strongman events are attracting more interest as training exercises because of their unique demands. Further, strongman competitors sustain specific injuries, particularly to the back. Muscle electromyographic data from various torso and hip muscles, together with kinematic measures, were input to an anatomically detailed model of the torso to estimate back load, low-back stiffness, and hip torque. Events included the farmer's walk, super yoke, Atlas stone lift, suitcase carry, keg walk, tire flip, and log lift. The results document the unique demands of these whole-body events and, in particular, the demands on the back and torso. For example, the very large moments required at the hip for abduction when performing a yoke walk exceed the strength capability of the hip. Here, muscles such as quadratus lumborum made up for the strength deficit by generating frontal plane torque to support the torso/pelvis. In this way, the stiffened torso acts as a source of strength to allow joints with insufficient strength to be buttressed, resulting in successful performance. Timing of muscle activation patterns in events such as the Atlas stone lift demonstrated the need to integrate the hip extensors before the back extensors. Even so, because of the awkward shape of the stone, the protective neutral spine posture was impossible to achieve, resulting in substantial loading on the back that is placed in a weakened posture. Unexpectedly, the super yoke carry resulted in the highest loads on the spine. This was attributed to the weight of the yoke coupled with the massive torso muscle cocontraction, which produced torso stiffness to ensure spine stability together with buttressing the abduction strength insufficiency of the hips. Strongman events clearly challenge the strength of the body linkage, together with the stabilizing system, in a different way than traditional approaches. The carrying events challenged different abilities than the lifting events, suggesting that loaded carrying would enhance traditional lifting-based strength programs. This analysis also documented the technique components of successful, joint-sparing, strongman event strategies.
Absolute or relative baselines for JI/CDM projects in the energy sector?

Abstract The two project-based Kyoto mechanisms, joint implementation (JI) and the clean development mechanism (CDM), require a determination of the “baseline”, the development of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the absence of the project. This paper examines, whether absolute (given in tCO2 equivalent) or relative baselines (“benchmarks”, given, e.g. in tCO2 equivalent/MWh) should be applied for JI/CDM projects in the energy sector. Accuracy of the GHG emission reduction and manageability of GHG emission balances are used as evaluation criteria. The results show that relative baselines are a more accurate instrument for the estimation of emission reductions in JI/CDM projects in the energy sector without posing significant additional risks to the management of GHG emission balances for large entities. In comparison to absolute baselines, relative baselines indicate in a more realistic and conservative manner the amount of emission reductions obtained in the energy system and give more appropriate incentives to project sponsors. The additional risks of relative baselines are likely to be small compared to the normal deviation of the domestic/internal GHG emissions. The findings are in line with the Marrakesh Accords, which set restrictions to application of absolute baselines.
Analysis of Approximate Stochastic Gradient Using Quadratic Constraints and Sequential Semidefinite Programs

We present convergence rate analysis for the approximate stochastic gradient method, where individual gradient updates are corrupted by computation errors. We develop stochastic quadratic constraints to formulate a small linear matrix inequality (LMI) whose feasible set characterizes convergence properties of the approximate stochastic gradient. Based on this LMI condition, we develop a sequential minimization approach to analyze the intricate trade-offs that couple stepsize selection, convergence rate, optimization accuracy, and robustness to gradient inaccuracy. We also analytically solve this LMI condition and obtain theoretical formulas that quantify the convergence properties of the approximate stochastic gradient under various assumptions on the loss functions.
Fourier Transform Infrared, UV-Visible, and X-Ray Diffraction Analyses of Organic Matter in Humin, Humic Acid, and Fulvic Acid Fractions in Soil Exposed to Elevated CO2 and N Fertilization

FT-IR, UV-visible, and X-ray diffraction analyses were used to investigate the nature of organic matter in three fractions of soil humic substances (humin, HU; humic acid, HA; and fulvic acid, FA) extracted at a depth of 0–10 cm from the soil under rye grass (Lolium perenne) culture. FT-IR and XRD analyses showed that the extracted HAs still contained the clay matrix, but the extracted FAs, which were purified by adsorption-desorption from a macroreticular nonionic resin, were free from the clay mineral constituents. The data obtained in the present study shed more light on the chemical structure of the HU, HA, and FA fractions in the infrared absorption band region of 400–1000 cm−1 where the assignments of bands are still lacking in the literature. The bands characteristic of organic functional groups, especially benzene rings and condensed aromatics, which were masked by the strong bands of the clay matrix in the HU and HA fractions, were clearly shown in the FA fraction, which was free from the clay mineral constituents. While the UV-visible spectra of HAs and FAs were similar, the E465/E665 ratios of HAs were about three times lower than those of FAs. Amounts of carboxyl groups, determined by titration, were about four times higher in the FA than in the HA fraction, which is in agreement with the FT-IR analysis. The HU, HAs, and FAs fractions extracted from the soil under the same culture and exposed to elevated CO2 levels (60 Pa pCO2) under different N fertilizer application rates (100 and 420 kg N/ha) were also studied. The results show that there was no significant change in the spectra of HU, HAs, and FAs extracted from soils exposed to elevated CO2 for 2 years. In contrast, elevated CO2 combined with a high N fertilization rate resulted in a remarkable increase of the acidic OH groups of the FA.
Exposure Modelling in Property Reinsurance

Exposure curves play significant role in modelling of property per risk excess of loss non-proportional reinsurance contracts, especially in the situations when not enough historical data is available for applying experience-based methods or if the underlying exposure changed significantly. The paper deals only with the first loss scale (FLS) approach which is frequently used in Europe. An alternative approach is based on ISO´s PSOLD methodology which is typical for the U.S. The first research into FLS approach was done by Ruth E. Salzmann in 1963 and some further curves have been developed since that time, however, their availability is limited. According to the authors´ knowledge only limited number of articles were published on this topic and no comprehensive publication which would describe the methodology to a larger extent exists. The paper provides a comprehensive description of the FLS exposure rating methodology, aims to summarise both historical and latest developments in this area and also includes various authors´ own practical considerations. The theory is illustrated on numerical examples.
Antibody Response after Vaccination with Antigen-Pulsed Dendritic Cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells of the immune system capable of initiating immune responses to antigens. It is also well documented that cancer patients often experience anergy against tumor antigens. In this study we selected the best protocol for inducing the production of antibodies against the HER2 oncoprotein using DCs to overcome anergy. Murine DCs were pulsed in vitro, using different protocols, with recombinant HER2 fused to a human Fc (in order to improve DC antigen uptake) and were used to vaccinate mice. The obtained results indicate that antigen-pulsed DCs can induce an antibody response and that adding CpG after antigen pulsing greatly increases anti-HER2 antibody production.
Psychotropic Drug Use in Recreational Scuba Divers and its Effect on Severe Narcosis

Abstract Recreational scuba diving is no longer reserved for young healthy individuals, and as a result, medical drug consumption is on the rise in the diving population. Due to the possible potentiation of nitrogen narcosis by psychotropic drugs, the latter are hence discouraged and are subject to contraindications for practice. However, there are no available experimental data to support this theoretical assumption. The objective of this study is to investigate whether psychotropic drug users are more at risk of severe narcosis. An online survey was sent to the licensed divers from the East of France registered with the French Underwater Federation. Divers were surveyed regarding their consumption of psychotropic drugs, the occurrence of nitrogen narcosis as well as their respective diver’s curriculum vitae.1 608 divers responded to the survey of which 15.2% confirmed having used psychotropic drugs and 7.8% since they became divers. Overall, 40.0% and 5.5% experienced severe and critical narcosis. In multivariate analysis, neither severe nor critical narcosis was associated with psychotropic drug use (OR 0.97 [0.59–1.57] and 0.76 [0.29–2.00], respectively). In conclusion, despite the recommendations, a significant proportion of divers use psychotropic drugs but do not seem to be more prone to severe narcosis.
Bandwidth Adaptive Hardware Architecture of K-Means Clustering for Video Analysis

K-Means is a clustering algorithm that is widely applied in many fields, including pattern classification and multimedia analysis. Due to real-time requirements and computational-cost constraints in embedded systems, it is necessary to accelerate K-Means algorithm by hardware implementations in SoC environments, where the bandwidth of the system bus is strictly limited. In this paper, a bandwidth adaptive hardware architecture of K-Means clustering is proposed. Experiments show that the proposed hardware can be used in applications such as image segmentation, and it has the maximum clock speed 400-MHz and 440-K gate count with TSMC 90-nm technology. Moreover, the throughput of the proposed hardware reaches 16 dimension/cycle, and it can deal with feature vectors with different dimensions using five parallel modes to utilize the input bandwidth efficiently.
Self-Criticism and Depressive Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between Emotional Experiences With Family and Peers and Self-Injury in Adolescence

ABSTRACT Although the relationship between negative childhood experiences, peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is widely recognized, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood, especially among adolescents. This study aims to test the mediating role of both self-criticism and depressive symptoms in the relationship between memories of negative or positive experiences, current peer victimization, and NSSI. The sample consists 854 Portuguese adolescents, 451 female and 403 male, with ages between 12 and 18 years (M = 14.89; SD = 1.79), from middle and secondary schools. Participants answered self-report measures. Results from path analysis showed that memories of negative experiences, the absence of positive memories with family in childhood and peer victimization indirectly impact on NSSI through self-criticism and depressive symptoms. In addition, these stressful experiences led to depressive symptoms through self-criticism. Lastly, the most severe form of self-criticism indirectly impacts on NSSI through depressive symptoms, even though it also has a strong direct effect. It suggests that negative experiences with parents and peer victimization, as well as the absence of positive memories with family, have a negative impact on NSSI when these experiences are linked with a sense of self-hatred and depressive symptoms.
Risk factors for peptic ulcer bleeding in terms of Helicobacter pylori, NSAIDs, and antiplatelet agents

Abstract Objectives. The role of the Helicobacter pylori, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and antiplatelet agents in the risk of peptic ulcer bleeding has not yet been established. This study was performed to identify the risk factors for peptic ulcer bleeding compared with non-bleeding peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Material and methods. A total of 475 patients, 265 with bleeding PUD and 210 with non-bleeding PUD were consecutively recruited. H. pylori status was determined by histology, rapid urease test, and culture. Exposure to NSAIDs, aspirin, and antiplatelet agents (clopidogrel and ticlopidine) within 4 weeks was obtained. Results. Compared with non-bleeding PUD, bleeding PUD had a higher proportion of male gender and current smoking, alcohol drinking, history of aspirin/antiplatelet use, and history of PUD. Whereas the proportion of H. pylori infection and history of H. pylori eradication in bleeding PUD were significantly lower than that in non-bleeding PUD. In multivariate analysis, male gender (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.10–2.89), drinking alcohol (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.29–3.14), aspirin/antiplatelet use (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.45–3.82), and history of PUD (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.36–4.46) remained independent risk factors for bleeding PUD. When H. pylori status and aspirin/antiplatelet agent use were combined, highest risk of bleeding peptic ulcers was found among H. pylori-negative patients with a history of aspirin/antiplatelet agent use (OR 3.03 95% CI 1.48–6.18) compared with H. pylori-positive patients with no history of aspirin/antiplatelet agent use. Conclusions. Patients with H. pylori-negative peptic ulcers who continuously took aspirin or antiplatelet agents had the highest peptic ulcer bleeding risk.
SELECTIVE BRONCHIAL ARTERIOGRAPHY IN MAN; PRELIMINARY REPORT.

Since 1963 we have successfully accomplished selective bronchial arteriography in man with percutaneous transfemoral technic and the aid of a specially designed and locally constructed catheter.3 This catheter has extreme maneuverability and controllable deflection of the tip by reason of a deflector assembly. Technic A cannula-trocar set, guide, catheter, and deflector assembly, all locally constructed, are used.3 Following percutaneous transfemoral catheterization of the aorta, the tip of the catheter is positioned just distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery. The patient lies comfortably on a motorized remotely controlled rotating cradle which permits rotation of the patient from 0 to 90° to either side at variable speeds any time during the procedure. The wire of the deflector assembly is retracted, and this allows bending of the preformed curved tip. The tip of the catheter has no side-holes and an outer diameter of 1 mm. ; its body has an outer diameter equivalent to that of a No. 7 French.
EXPLORATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND/OR SEXUAL ABUSE, ATTITUDES ABOUT LIFE AND DEATH, AND SUICIDAL IDEATION IN YOUNG WOMEN

Experiencing sexual and/or physical abuse at any point in one's life can be quite traumatic. In addition to the immediate effects of the abuse, numerous long-term consequences have been identified, including an increased risk of developing psychological disorders and attempting suicide. We sought to determine if a relationship exists between abuse experiences, attitudes about life and death, and suicidal ideation by surveying 644 college women between the ages of 18 and 24. Participants completed packets containing standardized abuse questionnaires, the Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale, and the Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire. We concluded that abuse plays a role in how these young women think about life and death. Specifically, less repulsion by death and more repulsion by life were reported by women with more significant abuse histories. In addition, these same women endorsed higher levels of current suicidal ideation. It was also determined that women who had experienced more abuse tended to have been in therapy for longer periods of time. Implications of this study for mental health professionals working with suicidal young adults are discussed.
Modeling an active conformation for linear peptides and design of a competitive inhibitor for HMG‐CoA reductase

This study presents an approach that can be used to search for lead peptide candidates, including unconstrained structures in a recognized sequence. This approach was performed using the design of a competitive inhibitor for 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR). In a previous design for constrained peptides, a head‐to‐tail cyclic structure of peptide was used as a model of linear analog in searches for lead peptides with a structure close to an active conformation. Analysis of the conformational space occupied by the peptides suggests that an analogical approach can be applied for finding a lead peptide with an unconstrained structure in a recognized sequence via modeling a cycle using fixed residues of the peptide backbone. Using the space obtained by an analysis of the bioactive conformations of statins, eight cyclic peptides were selected for a peptide library based on the YVAE sequence as a recognized motif. For each cycle, the four models were assessed according to the design criterion (“V” parameter) applied for constrained peptides. Three cyclic peptides (FGYVAE, FPYVAE, and FFYVAE) were selected as lead cycles from the library. The linear FGYVAE peptide (IC50 = 0.4 µM) showed a 1200‐fold increase the inhibitory activity compared to the first isolated LPYP peptide (IC50 = 484 µM) from soybean. Experimental analysis of the modeled peptide structures confirms the appropriateness of the proposed approach for the modeling of active conformations of peptides. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Status of the Superconducting Magnets for FAIR

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research is now fast approaching its realization phase. Roughly 800 superconducting magnets are required for the SIS100 and the Super-FRS machines. Given their long lead time of procurement for this large number of items, the SIS100 dipoles series is already ordered with the quadrupole modules following swiftly. The Super-FRS dipole and multiplets are being tendered. In a second realization phase the SIS300 accelerator will be built and placed in the same common tunnel as the SIS100. We report the status of magnet production of the different projects together with the experiences obtained during the manufacturing process of the first SIS100 series dipole.
Deductive Databases and Logic Programming

Part I: Introduction History and Overview Part II: Background Material Mathematical Preliminaries Mathematical Logic Resolution Theorem Proving Part III: Logic Programming Logic Programming Definite Programs Normal Programs Disjunctive Programs and General Programs Prolog Part IV: Deductive Databases Deductive Databases Query Evaluation Integrity Constraints Constraint Checking Methods A Prototype Deductive Database System Parallel Deductive Databases Formalizing Aggregate and Transitional Constraints Part V: Conclusion Extensions and Additional References Appendix A: Listing of the Prototype References Symbol Index Subject Index
Lean thinking to improving access to cancer patients in a Public General Hospital

Unbalanced treatment scheduling and overcrowding is a common problem for cancer centers in Brazil, with huge access restrictions due to system inefficiencies and poor assistance design. The purpose of this report is to show how lean thinking can be applied to healthcare by using lean methods and production leveling. The case study / report presented was adopted in order to describe the approach, techniques and findings of this project, as part of a lean initiative. Lean Value Stream Mapping tools and leveling tools improved unit performance by increasing unit capacity freeing treatment slots by leveling and decrease of waiting time for cancer treatment . The process redesign also eliminated unnecessary movement and overtime.
The North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute:

is rapidly evolving. Driven by an accelerating rate of scientific discovery, there is a growing imperative to markedly reduce the time from discovery to patient benefi t. It is clear that previously successful approaches to translational and clinical research need to be transformed to accommodate this challenging environment. 1 In May 2008, the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) joined a select group of nationally recognized universities in receiving a Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA). A major component of the services provided by the North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (NC TraCS) to help facilitate clinical and translational research projects is the Biomedical Informatics Core (BMC) . BMC is dedicated to support research needs of investigators. Th e current BMC projects fall under three broad categories: (1) Discovery, (2) Management, and (3) Dissemination. Th e three categories match the “life-cycle” of a research project, starting with the problem defi nition phase, moving on to the data collection phase, and fi nally ending in the fi ndings and impact phase. In this article, we will focus on our main tool for supporting the discovery and problem refi nement phases of a research project: the Carolina Data Warehouse for Health (CDW-H). We will conclude the article with an overview of some of the other projects that support the management and dissemination phases.
Helicobacter pylori-associated immune thrombocytopenia

Idiopatic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), a disorder characterized by autoantibody-mediated platelet destruction, may be primary or secondary to various illnesses including lymphoproliferative, autoimmune, or infectious diseases. There are increasing data on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and the significant increase in platelet count after bacterial eradication. The aim of this review is to consider the studies so far published on Helicobacter pylori infection and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in order to evaluate a possible pathogenic correlation between these two conditions. A review of the literature data show that Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is effective in increasing platelet count in approximately half of the cases. However, since the studies so far published are few, sometimes controversial and involve small series of patients, further controlled studies on larger numbers of patients with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.