Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ammonia emissions from western livestock waste lagoons

Ammonia emission inventories from livestock waste lagoons across the USA are generally based on chamber studies that do not include the influence of actual meteorological conditions on the exchange between lagoon or basin surfaces and the atmosphere. Ammonia (NH3) emissions from waste lagoons or basins were measured periodically for two years at swine and dairy operations across the United States as part of the National Air Emissions Monitoring Study. Path-integrated NH3 concentrations were measured using tunable diode lasers with emissions determined from on-site turbulence measurements in conjunction with inverse dispersion and integrated horizontal flux models. Emissions from livestock operations in the western USA were influenced by wind speed, animal live mass, air temperature, and probably the vapor pressure deficit. Average daily emissions from sow and finishing farm waste lagoons in OK were similar with annual average daily mean emissions of 130 g d -1 AU -1 (1 animal unit, AU=500 kg) and summer average daily mean emissions of 285 g d -1 AU -1 . A semi-empirical model based on daily mean air temperature and daily mean wind speed accounted for 75% of the daily emission variability at these two lagoons that were filled continuously with no liquid or sludge removal. The average daily mean emissions during filling of basins at an open-lot dairy in WA were between 5 and 13 g d -1 AU -1 . Emissions differed at the dairy between periods of lagoon filling and periods of dry down and sludge removal. The average daily mean NH3 emission was 7 g d -1 AU -1 over the entire 280-d handling cycle of basin fill and removal.
From Paucity to Inefficiency : The Case of Democratic Economic Governance

The participatory governance on the workplace remains rare. Control does not follow ownership by logical necessity; why, then, is the capitalist enterprise so prevalent? Oliver Williamson, Michael Jensen, Henry Hansmann and some other scholars take the paucity of labour-managed firms (i.e. the prevalence of capitalist firm) as the evidence for the inefficiency of democratic governance. For support to this proposition, they turn to the early characterization of the evolutionary dynamics on competitive markets by Armen Alchian (1950). He argues that firms are selected for according to their relative profits, and that the relatively profitable production behaviour prevails on the markets. Similarly, the Efficiency Branch argues that it is the relatively efficient organizational form that prevails on the markets. Thus; if we observe an organizational form to be rare, this means that it is relatively inefficient. In my thesis, I show that the evolutionary argument employed in support of this proposition is incomplete. Prevalence consists of both differential survival and differential birth, therefore, we should also be able to explain how different organizational modes enter the markets. I introduce the appropriation hypothesis that suggests that capitalist enterprise is formed more often because it allows easier appropriation of benefits for certain groups, and not necessarily because it is technologically superior. As long as we define inefficiency in the terms of technological inefficiency, we cannot take the paucity of labourmanaged firms as the evidence for their inefficiency.
BOND BEHAVIOUR OF LIGHTLY CONFINED CONCRETE UNDER MONOTONIC AND CYCLIC LOADINGS

This paper presents the principal findings and observations obtained from an experimental investigation of the bond behavior of lightly confined concrete, under monotonic and cyclic loading. The effects of six factors representing the concrete confinement conditions and the loading history on the bond-slip relationship and on the bond mechanisms are investigated through 43 pull-out tests. The studied factors are (1) the amount of confining steel, (2) its distance from the bond transfer interface, (3) the amount of confining concrete or bar spacing (4) fresh concrete segregation, (5) the magnitude and (6) the number of initial cycles. Typical obtained bond-slip response curves under monotonic and cyclic loading are presented and idealized. The effects of the studied factors on the parameters defining theses curves are analyzed. Results showed that the quantity of confining steel and the distance between the tested bar and the confining steel are the most important factors affecting the overall bond response. Bar spacing and height of concrete cast below the bar have less significant effects on the overall response. However the height of concrete cast below the tested bar was found to affect the maximum bond resistance in the same way as in well confined concrete. Cyclic bond behavior of lightly confined concrete is found to be similar to that known for well confined with a strong influence of the initial cycle amplitude on the reduced envelope response curve. Also, it was found that most of bond response parameters such the initial ascending branch, the maximum bond resistance as well as the post-pic (softening) branch can be predicted with an excellent accuracy.
Constitutive Reactive Oxygen Species Generation from Autophagosome/Lysosome in Neuronal Oxidative Toxicity*

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in several cell death processes, including cerebral ischemic injury. We found that glutamate-induced ROS accumulation and the associated cell death in mouse hippocampal cell lines were delayed by pharmacological inhibition of autophagy or lysosomal activity. Glutamate, however, did not stimulate autophagy, which was assessed by a protein marker, LC3, and neither changes in organization of mitochondria nor lysosomal membrane permeabilization were observed. Fluorescent analyses by a redox probe PF-H2TMRos revealed that autophagosomes and/or lysosomes are the major sites for basal ROS generation in addition to mitochondria. Treatments with inhibitors for autophagy and lysosomes decreased their basal ROS production and caused a burst of mitochondrial ROS to be delayed. On the other hand, attenuation of mitochondrial activity by serum depletion or by high cell density culture resulted in the loss of both constitutive ROS production and an ROS burst in mitochondria. Thus, constitutive ROS production within mitochondria and lysosomes enables cells to be susceptible to glutamate-induced oxidative cytotoxicity. Likewise, inhibitors for autophagy and lysosomes reduced neural cell death in an ischemia model in rats. We suggest that cell injury during periods of ischemia is regulated by ROS-generating activity in autophagosomes and/or lysosomes as well as in mitochondria.
Associations between Trait Emotional Intelligence and Loneliness in Chinese Undergraduate Students: Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem and Social Support

Prior studies indicate that trait emotional intelligence (EI) is associated negatively with loneliness. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship are not clear. This study assessed whether both self-esteem and social support mediated the associations between trait EI and loneliness. 469 Chinese undergraduate participants whose age ranged from 18 to 23 years (208 women) were asked to complete four self-report questionnaires, including the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Analyses indicated that self-esteem and social support fully mediated the associations between trait EI and loneliness. Effect contrasts indicated that the specific indirect effect through social support was significantly greater than that through self-esteem. Moreover, a multiple-group analysis indicated that no path differed significantly by sex. These results suggest that social support is more important than self-esteem in the association between trait EI and loneliness. Furthermore, both sexes appear to share the same mechanism underlying this association.
Cardioprotection: emerging pharmacotherapy

By the year 2020, it is predicted that acute coronary occlusion will be the major cause of death in the world. Recent advances in reperfusion therapy have substantially improved survival of patients with acute coronary syndromes. While early reperfusion reduces mortality, a time limitation exists with regard to myocardial salvage. In fact, the major limiting factor in further improving survival of patients with myocardial ischaemia is the susceptibility of the cardiomyocyte to ischaemic insult and lethal cell injury. Over the last decade substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of ischaemia/reperfusion injury. From this work novel means which limit or delay myocyte death have emerged and are currently under development as therapeutic candidates for the management of acute coronary syndromes. This report examines cardioprotective mechanisms and reviews clinical evidence for myocardial protective therapies.
Influence of O 2 on the CF 4 Decomposition by Atmospheric Microwave Plasma

CF4 decomposition was investigated by atmospheric microwave plasma experimentally. The mechanisms of CF4 decomposition assisting with O2 were also investigated by emission spectrum analysis. The results indicated that the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of CF4 increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of O2 concentration. There was an optimal O2 concentration (1000ml/m), the CF4 DRE was up to 99 % when the microwave power achieved 1000 W for CF4 2000 ml/m with argon as a carrier gas. The results of emission spectrum analysis indicated that the CF4 decomposition highly depended on the electron collision in plasma, and O radicals was the assistance in the later reaction, to further oxidize CFi to CO2. For achieving the best DRE of CF4 with O2 as an additive gas, the most important key factor was to achieve optimum concentration of O2 in inlet gas. More or less concentration of O2 was both unsuitable for the CF4 decomposition. Keywords—Microwave plasma, CF4 decomposition, Oxygen, Emission spectrum Corresponding author: B. Sun e-mail address: sunb88@newmail.dlmu. edu.cn Presented at the 6 International Conference on Applied Electrostatics in November 2008, Accepted; March 13, 2009 Xie et al. 39
New Trends in Computational Statistics with Biomedical Applications

In binary regression models we are interested in not only the parameter estimates and significance of explanatory variables, but also the degree to which variation in the response variable can be explained by explanatory variables. In this paper, we compare the behavior of proposed measures of explained variation for binary regression models through several case studies and indicate which measures should be accepted in practice. Furthermore, the importance of distinguishing measures of explained variation and goodness-of-fit is discussed. In conclusion, we recommend routine evaluation of the measures of explained variation in binary regression together with an exhaustive model which allows us to test the adequacy of simpler models such as the logistic model.
Prevalence and correlates of obesity among older adults

Background: Obesity has been called the disease of the twenty-first century. There are more than 1 billion overweight people (BMI≥25) in the world. Of those, approximately 350 million are obese (BMI ≥30.0) . The prevalence of obesity is also increasing in older populations throughout the world. The prevalence of obesity among elderly people in industrialized countries estimates suggest ranging from 15% to over 30%. In Iran, as of 2008, 6.3% of the population is obese. Overweight was more among women (39.5%) than men (24.5%) The prevalence of obesity is also increasing in older populations throughout the world. Method: This study is a cross sectional study. Participants included 2200 women and 2180 men aged 50-75 years. The logistic regression was applied to model the relationship between the odds of obesity and age, gender marital status, educational level, alcohol consumption and smoking. Results: Obesity odds ratios were 2.16 (95% CI: 1.71-2.72) for women, 0.68 (95% CI: 0.47-0.97) for smokers and 1.96 (95% CI: 1.53-2.52) for the subjects with alcohol consumption. Regarding the people aged 50-55 years as the reference group, the obesity odds ratios were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.66-1.10) for ages 56-60 years, 0.75 (95% CI: 0.57-0.97) for ages 61-65 years, 0.43 (95% CI: 0.30-0.60) for ages 66-70 years and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.20-0.63) for ages 71-75 years. Using the High school degree or below as the reference group of education level, obesity odds ratios were 1.38 (95% CI: 1.08-1.76) for the diploma level and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.56-1.52) for the B.Sc ad B.A degree and higher level group. Conclusion: Using High school degree or below as the reference group of educational level, Obesity odds ratios for the diploma level, and B.Sc ad B.A degree and higher level groups were 1.38 and 0.93, respectively. The findings show that in Iran people gain weight up to age of around 50-60 years old and after that BMI tends to decrease. Our results on the association between age and obesity. In our study, obesity was strongly associated with alcohol consumption. Compared to non consumer elderly subjects, consumer elderly subjects were twice as likely to be obese. The environment can influence access to healthy food, lifestyle behaviors such as the trend toward 'eating out', lack of sidewalks and accessible recreation areas. To avoid strong declines in the quality of life due to population ageing, and to ensure sustainability of the health care system, reductions in the burden of disability among elderly populations are urgently needed.Therefore, a community-based multiple strategies are required to combat with increasing rate of obesity and its subsequent complications such as diabetes hypertension and cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis. [Hamideh Jahangiri, Alireza Norouzi, Parirokh Dadsetan, Seyed Amir Mirbagheri. Prevalence and correlates of obesity among older adults. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):90-96] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 13
Chapter 2 Metal-Modified Carbide Anode Electrocatalysts

Fuel cells are being extensively studied to help ease the potential energy crisis. There have been many recent advances in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). These devices have shown promise for portable power applications because of the high gravimetric energy density of methanol. One major limitation of the technology is its extensive use of platinum in its anode catalyst. This chapter will provide a review of the work done to eliminate or significantly decrease the amount of platinum in DMFC catalysts by replacing platinum with tungsten monocarbide (WC) and monolayer coverages of platinum or palladium on WC.
Usefulness of percutaneous microwave ablation for large non-small cell lung cancer: A preliminary report

The role of microwave ablation (MWA) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains ill-defined. This retrospective study evaluated the oncological outcomes of CT-guided MWA in patients with large NSCLC. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). The log-rank test was used to compare survival between patients with an NSCLC size greater or smaller than 4 cm. The likelihood of local tumor progression (LTP) was analyzed using a multivariable regression model. A total of 53 patients with 65 tumors were analyzed. The mean tumor size was 5.0±1.8 cm. At the 1-month CT scan, complete tumor ablation was observed in 44.6% of cases. In 18.5% of cases a redo-MWA session was carried out, while in 4.6%, a third MWA was necessary to obtain complete tumor necrosis. The mean follow-up was 28.1±20.6 months with a median duration of 21.5 months. The 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 5-year OS rates were 78.2, 48.3, 34.8 and 18.3%, respectively. The median CSS was 25 months (95% CI 15.5–34.5). The 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 5-year CSS rates were 84.3, 53.7, 42.1 and 30.0%, respectively. OS in patients with tumor size ≥4 cm was significantly lower when compared with those having smaller tumors (P=0.03). LTP was observed in 19 patients (35.8%). Incomplete tumor ablation [odds ratio (OR) 6.57; P<0.05] and tumor size ≥4 cm (OR 0.18; P<0.05) were significant independent predictors of LTP. In conclusion, CT-guided MWA may represent a useful tool in the multimodality treatment of patients with large advanced NSCLC.
APPLICABILITY OF MICROTREMOR H / V METHOD FOR KIK-NET STRONG MOTION OBSERVTION SITES AND NOBI PLAIN

In this research, we examined the applicability of microtremor H/V method by earthquake observation data recorded at the strong earthquake motion observation networks of KiK-net, K-net and Nobi Plain which have been established in Japan in recent years. We observed the microtremors at ground surface of total 221 sites where the S wave velocity of base rock is more than 1500m/s, and compared the microteremor H/V spectrum ratio with that of earthquake data. As the result of examination, the followings were clarified. A clear predominant peak appears at a high rate in microtremor H/V. The microtremor H/V spectrum ratio is very similar not only to that of earthquake record on the ground surface, but also to several spectrum ratios of earthquake motions between surface and bedrock. This implies the microtremor H/V reflects the response characteristics based on the both of horizontal and vertical motions in the surface layer. Then, we tried to propose an engineering method in presuming the horizontal incident wave response characteristics of surface layer by using the relation between microtremor H/V and earthquake observation data.
Beam Dynamics of the IFMIF-EVEDA RFQ

Accelerator Operation and Development The most important RFQ parameters are reported in fi gure 1. In the last 3 meters, all parameters were left almost unchanged, thus avoiding losses at high energy. The abrupt change of modulation and “a” at end of GB was made to create a “collimator zone” able to scrape the particles that were not well bunched and close to the vane tips. The input RMS section is composed of 6 cells. The variation of acceptance and “B” is strictly connected to voltage and average aperture R 0 along the RFQ. For that reason a closedform and continuous up to the 2 derivative voltage law V(z) and R 0 (z) was used.
Universality of the time structure of ground particle distributions and its application to the reconstruction of extensive air showers

The concept of shower universality has proven to be a powerful tool to understand shower evolution and interpretation of air showers. Particle distributions at observation level are described on the percent level in terms of few parameters: The total energy E, the depth of shower maximum Xmax, and the muon content Nμ . Our extended model is based on the well known electromagnetic and muonic components accompanied by a contribution due to the electromagnetic halo of the muons. A fourth component of electromagnetic particles originating from pion decays close to ground follows the development of the muons. The pure electromagnetic component is determined by E and Xmax while differences between hadronic interaction models and primary particles are absorbed in the muon scale affecting the three remaining components. The signal response of particles and their time of arrival in an array of surface detectors is parametrized for the case of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The universal parametrizations allow us to estimate not only a bias-free shower geometry, in particular the location of the shower core, but moreover Xmax and Nμ on event-by-event basis. The shower maximum is reconstructed with a resolution of 30 g/cm2 to 50 g/cm2 depending on energy and zenith angle of the shower.
High-throughput proteomics using antibody microarrays

Antibody-based microarrays are a novel technology that hold great promise in proteomics. Microarrays can be printed with thousands of recombinant antibodies carrying the desired specificities, the biologic sample (e.g., an entire proteome) and any specifically bound analytes detected. The microarray patterns that are generated can then be converted into proteomic maps, or molecular fingerprints, revealing the composition of the proteome. Using this tool, global proteome analysis and protein expression profiling will thus provide new opportunities for biomarker discovery, drug target identification and disease diagnostics, as well as providing insights into disease biology. Intense work is currently underway to develop this novel technology platform into the high-throughput proteomic tool required by the research community.
CFD Simulation of the Moonpool on the Total Resistance of a Drillship at Low Forward Speed

A moonpool is meant to access the underwater part of hull from onboard ship. Moonpools are openings right through the hull from deck to bottom, allowing equipments, ROVs, etc. to be put into the water at a location on the vessel under permissible ship motion condition. Open moonpools in a drillship are causing additional resistance when the ship is in forward speed. It was shown that the water inside the moonpool started to oscillate at forward speed. The drillship is mainly subjected to two types of motions of water mass inside the column namely, piston mode and sloshing mode. The later mode will be dominant in longer moonpools and piston mode in shorter. The amplitude of water particles inside the moonpool is correlated with the forward speed such that increased forward speed leads to increased amplitudes. The main objective of this study is to find the total resistance and the free surface flow caused by the moonpool when the drillship is at low forward speed condition. Drillship with and without moonpool are considered for the study. Proven packages are used to calculate the calm water resistance of the drillship with moonpool. The incremental change in resistance caused by the moonpool in forward motion is a measure of water motion inside the moonpool for that particular field. c © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the 10th International Conference on Marine Technology.
Integrated control of motorway bottlenecks via flow metering and lane assignment

In the near future, the appearance of vehicle automation and connectivity will revolutionise the features and capabilities of individual vehicles. Among the wide range of potentially introduced technology, some may be exploited to interfere with the driving behaviour via recommending, supporting, or even executing appropriately designed traffic control tasks, providing unprecedented opportunities to improve traffic control performance [1]. It has been shown that, particularly at bottleneck locations (e.g., lane-drops, on-ramp merges), human drivers usually perform suboptimal lane-changes based on erroneous perceptions, which may trigger congestion, and, thus, deteriorate the overall travel time (e.g., [2], [3]). Furthermore, some of the mentioned empirical investigations indicate that, in conventional traffic, capacity flow is not reached simultaneously at all lanes, a feature that reduces the potentially achievable cross-lane capacity. For these reasons, a promising new feature that may be exploited for traffic management, independently or in combination with other strategies, is lane-changing control.