Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategy of Start-up for Initial Public Offering with the Motivation of Going Public

The technology-based start-ups have emerged as important drivers of innovative activities across many industries. For these start-ups, the initial public offering (IPO) has been used as an important measure for performance and leads to an influx of capital that enables these firms to implement their ideas. This study brings the IPO strategy of start-up companies into focus by investigating their performance after IPO in the Korean new stock market. For entrepreneurs, this study has two important implications. The first one is that the timing of technology acquisition is more important than the type of technology sourcing. The second one is that an early IPO is more effective for startups with the purpose of future sales growth rather than start-ups with the purpose of future acquisition. Key words: Start-up; Initial Public Offering; High Technology Industry
Skeletal muscle transformation into electric organ in S. macrurus depends on innervation.

The cells of the electric organ, called electrocytes, of the weakly electric fish Sternopygus macrurus derive from the fusion of mature fast muscle fibers that subsequently disassemble and downregulate their sarcomeric components. Previously, we showed a reversal of the differentiated state of electrocytes to that of their muscle fiber precursors when neural input is eliminated. The dependence of the mature electrocyte phenotype on neural input led us to test the hypothesis that innervation is also critical during formation of electrocytes. We used immunohistochemical analyses to examine the regeneration of skeletal muscle and electric organ in the presence or absence of innervation. We found that blastema formation is a nerve-dependent process because regeneration was minimal when tail amputation and denervation were performed at the same time. Denervation at the onset of myogenesis resulted in the differentiation of both fast and slow muscle fibers. These were fewer in number, but in a spatial distribution similar to controls. However, in the absence of innervation, fast muscle fibers did not progress beyond the formation of closely apposed clusters, suggesting that innervation is required for their fusion and subsequent transdifferentiation into electrocytes. This study contributes further to our knowledge of the influence of innervation on cell differentiation in the myogenic lineage.
DO STOCK OPTION PLANS AFFECT THE FIRM’S PERFORMANCE? AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON THE ITALIAN CONTEXT

This study investigates the impact of stock option plans, defined as share-based incentive contracts provided by companies to their employees, on the value relevance of accounting information. The purpose of this study is to analyse the extent to which the value relevance of accounting information is affected by the adoption of stock option plans. Using panel data, the empirical analysis shows that the value relevance of accounting information is affected by the adoption of stock option plans. They are seen by the market as a “cost” and not as an opportunity or an attempt to align different interests. In addition, the research results show that the market performance does not seem affected by the design of the stock option plans. However, the firm’s market performance appears to be more related to the structure of the stock option plans in companies with a higher market capitalization. Thus further research is needed to deeper investigate the impact of the design of the stock option plans and the effect of the endogenous characters.
Conceptual Framework of Cloud Computing Governance Model - An Education Perspective

Cloud computing adoption by organizations has been surged with rapid growth. The major concerns stem from cloud computing services are security risk, loss of control and inadequate risk management. This paper provides a conceptual framework of cloud computing governance from the perspective of education. Based on a review and discussion of risks associated with cloud computing, the study attempts to develop a model to provide insight into how enterprises govern their cloud computing and related risks and the important role of continuing education in the process of implementation. Governance helps organizations to ensure a secured computing environment and to comply with all relevant organizational information technology policies.
Non-invasive measurement of pulse pressure variation and systolic pressure variation using a finger cuff corresponds with intra-arterial measurement.

BACKGROUND Pulse pressure variation (PPV) and systolic pressure variation (SPV) are reliable predictors of fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing controlled mechanical ventilation. Currently, PPV and SPV are measured invasively and it is unknown if an arterial pressure (AP) signal obtained with a finger cuff can be used as an alternative. The aim of this study was to validate PPV and SPV measured using a finger cuff. METHODS Patients receiving mechanical ventilation under sedation after cardiac artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were included after arrival on the intensive care unit. AP was measured invasively in the radial artery and non-invasively using the finger cuff of the Nexfin™ monitor. I.V. fluid challenges were administered according to clinical need. The mean value of PPV and SVV was calculated before and after administration of a fluid challenge. Agreement of the calculated PPV and SPV from both methods was assessed using the Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS Nineteen patients were included and 28 volume challenges were analysed. Correlation between the two methods for PPV and SPV [mean (sd)=6.9 (4.3)% and 5.3 (2.6)%, respectively] was r=0.96 (P<0.0001) and r=0.95 (P<0.0001), respectively. The mean bias was -0.95% for PPV and -0.22% for SPV. Limits of agreement were -4.3% and 2.4% for PPV and -2.2% and 1.7% for SPV. The correlation between changes in PPV and SPV as a result of volume expansion measured by the two different methods was r=0.88 (P<0.0001) and r=0.87 (P<0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In patients receiving controlled mechanical ventilation after CABG, PPV and SPV can be measured reliably non-invasively using the inflatable finger cuff of the Nexfin™ monitor.
ChpR Is a Chlorpyrifos-Responsive Transcription Regulator in Sinorhizobium meliloti

The broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF)-inducible locus, chpAB, was identified on the endogenous plasmid pSymB in Sinorhizobium meliloti. The S. meliloti chpA promoter was highly induced by CPF and was induced at much lower levels by diazinon and ethion. Transcription of chpA was dependent on chpR, a CadC family transcriptional regulator located upstream of, and divergently transcribed from, chpAB. ChpR was able to mediate the CPF-inducible expression of the S. melilotichpA promoter in Escherichia coli through direct interaction with the chpAB promoter. The chpR-chpA intergenic regions of several bacterial chpRAB operons were aligned and a putative ChpR-binding sequence was proposed. Both the ChpR transcription factor and chpA promoter constitute a good candidate system for genetic-based biosensor development.
Effects of flanking component spectral position and modulation pattern on thresholds for signals presented in the peaks of a modulated tonal masker.

Detection of signals added solely to the peaks of an on-frequency modulated masker has never been found to improve after adding flanking components (FCs) at remote frequencies. However, according to theories underlying comodulation masking release (CMR), adding comodulated FCs could provide cues that improve signal detection for signal-peak placement. A reason masking release was not found with peak placement might be because of processes underlying modulation detection interference (MDI). This possibility was further investigated by using FCs that could diminish MDI but still provide signal detection cues associated with theories of CMR. It seemed that a peripheral within-channel and a central across-channel mechanism underlying MDI could hinder signal detection for signal peak placement.
Influence of Orchidectomy and Ovariectomy on the Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability During Bicuculline-Induced Seizures

The changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during bicuculline-induced seizures were investigated in ovariectomized female and orchidectomized male rats. The rats were anesthetized with diethyl ether. Evans blue, which was used as a BBB tracer, was injected into femoral vein 5 min before administering bicuculline to induce grandmal seizures. Ten groups of rats were studied: Group I: control female; Group II: control male; Group IIl: intact female + bicuculline; Group IV: intact male + bicuculline; Group V: ovariectomized female; Group VI: orchidectomized male; Group VII: ovariectomized female + bicuculline; Group VIII: orchidectomized male + bicuculline (1.2 mg/kg, i.v.); Group IX: ovariectomized female + estrogen + bicuculline; Group X: orchidectomized male + estrogen + bicuculline. Adult male and female rats were orchidectomized and ovariectomized 3 weeks before the experiments, or sham operated under general anesthesia. During bicucculline-induced seizures, the mean arterial blood pressure increased significantly in both intact and ovariectomized and orchidectomized rats. BBB lesions were present in 80 percent of intact female rats and 50 percent of ovariectomized rats after bicuculline-induced seizures. This difference between intact and ovariectomized rats was found to be significant (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant change in the BBB permeability between intact and orchidectomized rats after convulsion. Generating seizures in both ovariectomized and orchidectomised rats, after administrating of estrogen, did not lead to any significant alteration in BBB permeability. Our results suggest that the extravasation of Evans blue albumin was most pronounced in the brain of intact female rats when compared to ovariectomized rats after bicuculline-induced seizures. After administrating estrogen, the decreased BBB permeability values of ovariectomised rats could not reach the values in intact rats.
Viewpoint Entropy-driven Simplification Method for Textured Triangle Meshes

This paper proposes a viewpoint-driven simplification method for triangle meshes taking textures into account. Textures are very important in the final aspect of the simplified models. This method considers the texture shape in the error metric. A well-know mathematical concept, such as entropy, is used in the error metric. Therefore, the goal of this method is to produce simplifications that preserve better textures than methods that do not consider them, avoiding great distortions applying the textures.
An Open‐Label Trial of a Sumatriptan Auto‐Injector for Migraine in Patients Currently Treated With Subcutaneous Sumatriptan

To assess the ability of patients, during an acute migraine attack, to successfully self‐inject a single dose of sumatriptan using a novel sumatriptan auto‐injector (Alsuma®), and to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of this sumatriptan auto‐injector during an acute migraine attack.
Ant-system-based location management scheme for wireless cellular networks

The current era of mobile networks allow users to communicate while they are moving. These network facilities are dealt by the location management (LM). In this article, the authors are proposing a nature-inspired LM technique based on ant system. The bottom line of proposed scheme is to follow the route of ahead entities and perform the LM based on it. The performance evaluation is carried out and is compared with existing LM scheme. It is observed that the signalling cost, network traffic and overheads are reduced, as compared to traditional LM scheme, in the communication network.
Optional elements and variant structures in the productions of bei2 ‘to give’ dative constructions in Cantonese-speaking adults and three-year-old children*

ABSTRACT To express object transfer, Cantonese-speakers use a ‘ditransitive’ ([V–R–T] or [V–T–R] where V=Verb, T=Theme, R=Recipient), or a more complex prepositional/serial-verb (P/SV) construction. Clausal elements in Cantonese datives can be optional (resulting in ‘full’ versus ‘non-full’ forms) or appear in variant orders (full non-canonical and full canonical). We report on usage of dative constructions with the word bei2 ‘to give’ in 86 parents and 53 three-year-old children during conversations. The parents used more P/SV than ditransitive bei2-datives, and vice versa for the children. Both groups showed a similar usage pattern of optional elements and variant structures in their ditransitive and P/SV bei2-datives. The roles of multiple construction types, optional elements and variant structures in children's learning of bei2-dative constructions are described.
Grammaticality and complexity of sentences in monolingual Spanish-speaking children with specific language impairment

ABSTRACT This study examined grammaticality and complexity of sentences in monolingual Spanish-speaking children with specific language impairment (SLI). A group of SLI children (n = 13), mean age 6, was compared to a control group (CCG) matched by age (n = 11), and a younger control group (LCG) with similar linguistic development (n = 13). Grammaticality and complexity of sentences were analysed including identification and counting of: a) simple and complex sentences, b) grammatical and ungrammatical sentences, and c) types of grammatical errors. SLI children were found to be more ungrammatical than CCG in both simple and complex sentences. Considering the number of errors in all sentences produced, SLI children commit more errors than both control groups. Complexity of sentences did not show statistical differences among groups. Future research should explore in further detail the types of errors made by monolingual Spanish-speaking SLI children.
On informative and random dropouts in longitudinal studies.

Shih (1992) correctly points out that my discussion of the distinction between informative, random (MAR) and completely random (MCAR) dropouts fails to consider explicitly issues of model parameterisation (Diggle, 1991). However, I did use a notation which was intended to make clear that I was assuming separate parameterisations of the dropout process (parameter ,B) and the measurement process (parameter 0), thus satisfying Shih's DP (distinct parameters) condition. The implications of the violation of DP are discussed explicitly in Diggle and Kenward (1994). Shih goes on to suggest: "It may be possible that in certain situations when MAR holds without DP, ignoring the missing data process still leads to consistent but inefficient estimates. " In fact, ignoring the missing data process in such cases always leads to consistent estimates. Under MAR and DP, the log-likelihood partitions as L(f3, 0) = LI(3) + L2(0), where Ll(.) involves only the data on dropouts and L2(A) involves only the measurement data. '1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 ^ S ' 3 . ~~~~I U * ** * O-~ ~ ~ * . ,, O o ~ ~~~~~~~~ o i l a 2 4 6 1 Figure~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1. Siuae aa(os n miia en tec aue ft(once iesget) Corlto paaee p . 9. * S B~ ~ 94
Social contagion effects of GRI: Analysis of financial sector companies

This study investigates how the process of social contagion leads to the diffusion or institutionalisation of the global reporting initiative (GRI) guided CSR reporting practices within the global financial services sector. While CSR reporting practices are growing rapidly worldwide there is lack of academic understanding of the process leading to this increase. Drawing on sociology literature we focus on social contagion as a process driving the increased adoption of GRI guidelines. Based on longitudinal study of GRI adoption by financial sector companies from 2002-2014 and in line with the theory of social contagion, we find that the adoption of GRI guidelines by thought leaders (early adopters) and the accompanying news media attention positively influences companies’ adoption of GRI guidelines. We also find that this growth is isomorphic as companies desire to copy best practice models to reduce uncertainty and maintain legitimacy.
Linear Pattern Matching Algorithms

In 1970, Knuth, Pratt, and Morris [1] showed how to do basic pattern matching in linear time. Related problems, such as those discussed in [4], have previously been solved by efficient but sub-optimal algorithms. In this paper, we introduce an interesting data structure called a bi-tree. A linear time algorithm for obtaining a compacted version of a bi-tree associated with a given string is presented. With this construction as the basic tool, we indicate how to solve several pattern matching problems, including some from [4] in linear time.
Time course of degenerative alterations in nigral dopaminergic neurons following a 6‐hydroxydopamine lesion

The neurotoxin 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) has been used extensively in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Typically, rodents develop severe unilateral movement deficiencies coupled with apomorphine‐induced rotation behavior at least 1 week after an ipsilateral 6‐OHDA lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system. The short‐term morphological effects of 6‐OHDA have not been determined in detail, however, and the exact process by which neurons die has not been elucidated. Thus, novel degenerative markers were used to determine the temporal pattern of acute phenotypic and degenerative alterations following a unilateral 6‐OHDA injection into the medial forebrain bundle of adult rats. 6‐Hydroxydopamine administration resulted in an increase in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining as early as 6 hours postlesion. Staining for FluoroJade, a marker of neuronal degeneration, was evident at all time points examined but was maximal at 48 hours. Loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity began in axons at 6 hours, and progressed to cell bodies at later time points postlesion. Morphological examination of these neurons supported the conclusion of their death via apoptosis. Thus, whereas behavioral manifestations typically become evident 1 week or more following a 6‐OHDA lesion, it is evident that nigral cell degeneration begins much earlier. This suggests multiple therapeutic possibilities, including the prevention of apoptosis, in affected neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 427:440–454, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do Tweet Sentiments Still Predict the Stock Market?

In this paper, we document a strong predictive relationship between US equity markets as proxied by the capitalization weighted index excess returns and it’s corresponding tweet sentiments. We employ StockTwits' labels of "Bullish" and "Bearish" to train several standard machine learning classification algorithms. Armed with our sentiment engines, we document that Support Vector Machines (SVM) generates the most useful predictive sentiments vis-a-vis those generated by Single Layer Perceptron (SLP) and Naive Bayes (NB). Tweet sentiments are strongly positively contemporaneously correlated with daily market returns, additionally we find a weaker negatively correlation with next day's market returns.We report statistically significant evidence that the market returns Granger-cause next day's sentiment movements. Moreover, in the most recent period of 2015, our rolling analysis shows significant evidence that the tweet sentiments actually Granger-caused the market to move! While a fascinating discovery, we temper our enthusiasm, as the market appears to have quickly and efficiently digested the ability to convert tweets into sentiment and in turn predict market movements. Our results support the notion of a highly efficient market that has rapidly digested and processed such tweets sentiment data.
Fusion of multiple side-scan sonar views

A new set of techniques for the construction of large-scale side-scan mosaics is presented in this paper. The complete procedure operates in two main stages. First an accurate registration of the source side-scan images is performed by filtering navigation data, where an augmented state Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) filter is used to smooth the stochastic map obtained from a Concurrent Mapping and Localization (CML) algorithm - which stores landmarks as extra states in a Kalman filter. Then a fusion algorithm based on Gabor wavelets is used to combine the registered side-scan images and assemble the final mosaic. The algorithm can be tuned to either maximize the information content or to minimize signal noise in the mosaic. The paper presents novel results created by fusing 14 views of a scene as observed by a side-scan sonar mounted on an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). The resulting mosaics are tailored to preserve the texture information of the individual views, accentuate the returns from important objects in the scene, and cover a wider area than any one single view
Kinetic limits of monolayer growth on (001) GaAs by organometallic chemical-vapor deposition.

La variation avec la pression, le temps et la temperature du recouvrement de surface, defini optiquement, par des especes contenant Ga, revele que les limites cinetiques de la croissance du cristal, dans un depot chimique en phase vapeur organometallique a pression atmospherique sur GaAs(001), sont determinees par une chimisorption a volume exclu reversible et par une decomposition subsequente du trimethylgallium sur les sites des reseaux de surface
Induction of chemokines and chemokine receptors CCR2b and CCR4 in authentic human osteoclasts differentiated with RANKL and osteoclast like cells differentiated by MCP‐1 and RANTES

Chemokines MCP‐1 and RANTES are induced when authentic bone resorbing human osteoclasts differentiate from monocyte precursors in vitro. In addition, MCP‐1 and RANTES can stimulate the differentiation of cells with the visual appearance of osteoclasts, being multinuclear and positive for tartrate resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP +). We show here that MIP1α is also potently induced by RANKL during human osteoclast differentiation and that this chemokine also induces the formation of TRAP + multinucleated cells in the absence of RANKL. MIP1α was able to overcome the potent inhibition of GM‐CSF on osteoclast differentiation, permitting the cells to pass through to TRAP + multinuclear cells, however these were unable to form resorption pits. Chemokine receptors CCR2b and CCR4 were potently induced by RANKL (12.6‐ and 49‐fold, P = 4.0 × 10−7 and 4.0 × 10−8, respectively), while CCR1 and CCR5 were not regulated. Chemokine treatment in the absence of RANKL also induced MCP‐1, RANTES and MIP1α. Unexpectedly, treatment with MCP‐1 in the absence of RANKL resulted in 458‐fold induction of CCR4 (P = 1.0 × 10−10), while RANTES treatment resulted in twofold repression (P = 1.0 × 10−4). Since CCR2b and CCR4 are MCP‐1 receptors, these data support the existence of an MCP‐1 autocrine loop in human osteoclasts differentiated using RANKL. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.