Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Stigma of Unemployment: When joblessness leads to being jobless

In two studies, we find that unemployment stigma exists, occurs instantaneously, is difficult to alleviate, and leads to hiring biases against the unemployed. This stigma-based account of the unemployed stands in contrast to economic theories purporting that individuals rationally base their judgments on the skill deterioration the unemployed should experience. Study 1 provides evidence that unemployment stigma exists and can lead to a hiring bias against the unemployed. Furthermore, unemployment rationales indicating whether unemployment was controllable (i.e. Voluntarily Left) or uncontrollable (i.e., Laid-off), a causal dimension that has been found to mitigate negative responses toward stigma in past research did not alleviate unemployment stigma. This may have been the case because of perceivers’ fundamental tendency to overemphasize internal/dispositional explanations for target outcomes. Study 2 supports this reasoning as we found that providing a rationale indicating causal externality (i.e., Employer Bankruptcy), to correct for this attribution bias, alleviated unemployment stigma.
Imaging Human Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission with Positron Emission Tomography: I. Accuracy and Precision of D2 Receptor Parameter Measurements in Ventral Striatum

Dopamine transmission in the ventral striatum (VST), a structure which includes the nucleus accumbens, ventral caudate, and ventral putamen, plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of psychotic states and in the reinforcing effects of virtually all drugs of abuse. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and precision of measurements of D2 receptor availability in the VST obtained with positron emission tomography on the high-resolution ECAT EXACT HR+ scanner (Siemens Medical Systems, Knoxville, TN, U.S.A.). A method was developed for identification of the boundaries of the VST on coregistered high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans. Specific-to-nonspecific partition coefficient (V3″) and binding potential (BP) of [11C]raclopride were measured twice in 10 subjects, using the bolus plus constant infusion method. [11C]Raclopride V3″ in the VST (1.86 ± 0.29) was significantly lower than in the dorsal caudate (DCA, 2.33 ± 0.28) and dorsal putamen (DPU, 2.99 ± 0.26), an observation consistent with postmortem studies. The reproducibility of V3″ and BP were appropriate and similar in VST (V3″ test–retest variability of 8.2% ± 6.2%, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.83), DCA (7.7% ± 5.1%, 0.77), DPU (6.0% ± 4.1%, 0.71), and striatum as a whole (6.3% ± 4.1%, 0.78). Partial volume effects analysis revealed that activities in the VST were significantly contaminated by counts spilling over from the adjacent DCA and DPU: 70% ± 5% of the specific binding measured in the VST originated from D2 receptors located in the VST, whereas 12% ± 3% and 18% ± 3% were contributed by D2 receptors in the DCA and DPU, respectively. Thus, accuracy of D2 receptor measurement is improved by correction for partial voluming effects. The demonstration of an appropriate accuracy and precision of D2 receptor measurement with [11C]raclopride in the VST is the first critical step toward the use of this ligand in the study of synaptic dopamine transmission at D2 receptors in the VST using endogenous competition techniques.
A clustering genetic algorithm for actuator optimization in flow control

Active flow control can provide a leap in the performance of engineering configurations. Although a number of sensor and actuator configurations have been proposed the task of identifying optimal parameters for control devices is based on engineering intuition usually gathered from uncontrolled flow experiments. We propose a clustering genetic algorithm that adaptively identifies critical points in the controlled flow field and adjusts the actuator parameters through an evolutionary process. We demonstrate the capabilities of the algorithm for the fundamental prototypical problem of an actively controlled circular cylinder. The flow is controlled using surface-mounted vortex generators; the actuators used are belts mounted on the cylinder surface, that modify the tangential velocity on the cylinder surface, and jet actuators, that modify the normal velocity component on the surface. The proposed genetic algorithm performs the optimization of the actuators parameters, yielding up to 50% drag reduction. At the same time the genetic algorithm performs a sensitivity analysis of the optima it finds, thus allowing a deeper understanding of the underlying physics and also an estimation of which actuator would be easier to implement in a real experiment.
Cooperative grasping through topological object representation

We present a cooperative grasping approach based on a topological representation of objects. Using point cloud data we extract loops on objects suitable for generating entanglement. We use the Gauss Linking Integral to derive controllers for multi-agent systems that generate hooking grasps on such loops while minimizing the entanglement between robots. The approach copes well with noisy point cloud data, it is computationally simple and robust. We demonstrate the method for performing object grasping and transportation, through a hooking maneuver, with two coordinated NAO robots.
Clinical and Immunological Insights on Severe, Adverse Neurotropic and Viscerotropic Disease following 17D Yellow Fever Vaccination

ABSTRACT Yellow fever (YF) vaccines (17D-204 and 17DD) are well tolerated and cause very low rates of severe adverse events (YEL-SAE), such as serious allergic reactions, neurotropic adverse diseases (YEL-AND), and viscerotropic diseases (YEL-AVD). Viral and host factors have been postulated to explain the basis of YEL-SAE. However, the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of YEL-SAE remain unknown. The present report provides a detailed immunological analysis of a 23-year-old female patient. The patient developed a suspected case of severe YEL-AVD with encephalitis, as well as with pancreatitis and myositis, following receipt of a 17D-204 YF vaccination. The patient exhibited a decreased level of expression of Fc-γR in monocytes (CD16, CD32, and CD64), along with increased levels of NK T cells (an increased CD3+ CD16+/− CD56+/−/CD3+ ratio), activated T cells (CD4+ and CD8+ cells), and B lymphocytes. Enhanced levels of plasmatic cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-17, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) as well as an exacerbated ex vivo intracytoplasmic cytokine pattern, mainly observed within NK cells (gamma interferon positive [IFN-γ+], tumor necrosis factor alpha positive [TNF-α+], and IL-4 positive [IL-4+]), CD8+ T cells (IL-4+ and IL-5+), and B lymphocytes (TNF-α+, IL-4+, and IL-10+). The analysis of CD4+ T cells revealed a complex profile that consisted of an increased frequency of IL-12+ and IFN-γ+ cells and a decreased percentage of TNF-α+, IL-4+, and IL-5+ cells. Depressed cytokine synthesis was observed in monocytes (TNF-α+) following the provision of antigenic stimuli in vitro. These results support the hypothesis that a strong adaptive response and abnormalities in the innate immune system may be involved in the establishment of YEL-AND and YEL-AVD.
The impact of visa status and Medicare eligibility on people diagnosed with HIV in Western Australia: a qualitative report.

BACKGROUND In Australia, temporary visa holders are ineligible for Medicare and subsidised antiretroviral drugs. Additionally, HIV testing is not mandatory for visas unless applicants seek work in the health sector. We sought to understand the impact of HIV and issues of access and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people holding temporary visas and permanent residents. METHODS Data were gathered from interviews with 22 participants. Information concerning medication adherence, side effects, CD4 T-cell count, viral load and rate of response to generic drugs were collected. RESULTS The mean age was 33.4 years (±s.d.=6.0), 21 out of 22 were from HIV-prevalent areas in East Africa and Asia, 14 out of 22 were on temporary visas, 12 were ineligible for Medicare, 14 out of 22 were diagnosed during health screening, 19 out of 22 risk exposures were in country of origin, 8 out of 17 were taking generic ART at an average cost of $180 per month, adherence was excellent and self-reported side-effects were relatively infrequent. Participants applying for visa continuations and permanent residency were fearful, believing their HIV serostatus would prejudice their applications. Patients cited belief in ART efficacy, were motivated to maintain therapy and were anxious about lack of access to treatment in their countries of origin. CONCLUSION Adherence to antiretroviral drugs in Medicare-ineligible HIV-infected individuals is excellent despite limited access to treatment. The threat of visa non-renewal and the likely failure of applications for permanent residency result in considerable anxiety and confidentiality concerns.
An analysis of question asking on scientific texts explaining natural phenomena

This article relays results of a study focused on questions invoked to correct declarative knowledge deficits while readers process science texts explaining natural phenomena. Firstly, the authors focused on finding out what kind of questions are asked by students who read these texts and, secondly how task demand influences quantity and quality of formulated questions. Two hundred and eighty nine Portuguese students from 8th, 10th, and 12th grade participated in the study. The students were instructed to ask questions on two short science paragraphs that explained natural phenomena. Three task conditions were chosen. Thus, in the “Class” condition, the task was introduced as an activity aimed at developing the capacity to ask questions. In the “Examination” condition, the task was presented as a test on question generation. Finally, in the “Extra-academic” condition the questioning task was camouflaged as a participation in a research project sponsored by the Ministry of Education and geared at the improvement of science textbooks. The results have shown that students are able to ask many questions when given an opportunity to do so. The study has also proven that students are capable of generating a large volume of causal-antecedent questions relative to this kind of texts. Finally, no clear effects were found between grade level and/or task demand as defined in the conducted study. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 602–614, 2000
Data Dissemination With Network Coding in Two-Way Vehicle-to-Vehicle Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) can efficiently offer safety-related and commercial contents for in-vehicle consumption. In this paper, we analyze the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) data dissemination with network coding in two-way road networks, where the vehicles move in opposite directions. In particular, depending on whether the broadcasting coverage areas overlap or not, two-way data dissemination is usually carried out in two phases, namely, the encountering phase and the separated phase. We first derive the probability mass function (pmf) of the dissemination completion time for the encountering disseminators during the encountering phase. The data dissemination velocity in the separated phase is mathematically derived. We prove that, without the help of the data dissemination in their own direction, the vehicles cannot recover all original packets from the opposite direction under a scarce handover condition. Furthermore, the dissemination slope and cache capacity of the vehicles in the proposed model are also analytically presented. Simulation results are provided to confirm the accuracy of the developed analytical results.
Parents' Perceptions of Educational Settings and Services for Children with Moderate or Severe Disabilities

PARENTS OF 13 CHILDREN HAVING MODERATE OR SEVERE DISABILITIES WHO WERE RECEIVING EDUCATIONAL SERVICES IN INCLUSIVE SETTINGS ACROSS SEVEN SCHOOL DISTRICTS WERE INTERVIEWED ABOUT THEIR PERCEPTIONS OF SERVICES IN SELF-CONTAINED AND INCLUSIVE SETTINGS. SEMISTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS WERE USED TO OBTAIN DATA PERTAINING TO THESE PARENTS' PERCEPTIONS. INTERVIEWS WERE ANALYZED FOR COMMON THEMES ACROSS PARENTS PER TYPE OF SETTING, WITH THREE MAJOR THEMES BEING IDENTIFIED. THEMES INCLUDED COMMENTS RELATED TO THE LOCATION IN WHICH SERVICES ARE PROVIDED, THE CONTENT ADDRESSED DURING INSTRUCTION, AND THE MANNER IN WHICH SERVICES ARE DELIVERED. PARENTS CLEARLY STATED THEIR RATIONALE FOR WHAT THEY CONSIDERED APPROPRIATE AND LEAST RESTRICTIVE ABOUT SETTINGS AND INSTRUCTIONAL CONTENT. PARENTS ALSO EXPRESSED THEIR VIEWS ON HOW DISTRICT PERSONNEL SHOULD INTERACT WITH THEIR CHILDREN, THOUGH SPECIFIC TEACHING STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE THEIR CHILDREN'S LEARNING WERE NOT ARTICULATED AS CLEARLY. FINDINGS FROM THIS STUDY ADD TO THE LITERATURE ON PARENT PERCEPTIONS AND INVOLVEMENT IN EDUCATION TEAM DECISIONS. FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS RELATE TO FACTORS ATTRIBUTING TO THESE PERCEPTIONS.
Teacher education for rural–regional sustainability: changing agendas, challenging futures, chasing chimeras?

Rural schooling has remained a concern for policy‐makers, employers, teacher education providers and schools throughout our recent history. In particular, the allegedly variable quality of teaching and learning in rural Australia is a major concern for teacher educators and educational leaders alike, with the provision of quality services for rural Australians a major equity issue in social as well as political terms. Working from an explicitly situated perspective, this paper explores these issues in relation to a set of current and recent research projects and government reports, with particular reference to a study currently exploring the articulation of teacher education and rural schooling in New South Wales. This is contextualized within a larger agenda of national and environmental sustainability which raises the key issue of social policy and educational priorities as we look forward into a radically uncertain future for teacher education, rural schooling and rural‐regional sustainability.
Organizing integrated care for older persons: strategies in Sweden during the past decade.

PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse ways of organizing integrated care for older persons in Sweden during the past decade. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The data consist of 62 cases of development work, described in official reports. A meta-analysis of cases was performed, including content analysis of each case. A theoretical framework comprising different forms of integration (co-ordination, contracting, co-operation and collaboration) was applied. FINDINGS Co-operation was common and collaboration, including multiprofessional teamwork, was rare in the cases. Contracting can be questioned as being a form of integration, and the introduction of consumer choice models appeared problematic in inter-organization integration. Goals stated in the cases concerned steering and designing care, rather than outcome specifications for older persons. Explicit goals to improve integration in itself could imply that the organizations adapt to strong normative expectations in society. Trends over the decade comprised development of local health care systems, introduction of consumer choice models and contracting out. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS Most cases were projects, but others comprised evaluations of regular organization of integrated care. These evaluations were often written normatively, but constituted the conditions for practice and were important study contributions. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Guiding clinical practice to be aware of importance of setting follow-up goals. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS Awareness of the risk that special funds may impede sustainable strategies development. ORIGINALITY/VALUE A theoretical framework of forms of integration was applied to several different strategies, which had been carried out mostly in practice. The study contributes to understanding of how different strategies have been developed and applied to organize integrated care, and highlights some relationships between integration theory and practice.
FALSE RECALL AND FALSE RECOGNITION: AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SELECTIVE AND COMBINED LESIONS TO THE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE/DIENCEPHALON AND FRONTAL LOBE STRUCTURES

The present experiment examined the false recall and false recognition of nonstudied words that are preceded by a list of strong associates in patients with amnesia due to damage restricted to medial temporal lobe or diencephalic regions (MTL/D amnesics), in nonamnesic patients with damage restricted to the frontal lobes (FL nonamnesics), and in amnesic patients with damage to the frontal lobes in addition to medial temporal lobe damage (FL amnesics). We used the Deese/Roediger and McDermott paradigm (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995) in which people frequently claim that nonstudied words appeared on a presented list. At immediate free recall, the results taken together showed that MTL/D amnesic patients and FL nonamnesic patients produced higher levels of false memory than did controls. At recognition both types of amnesic patients produced less false recognition than either frontal-lobe patients or controls. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that abnormally high levels of false memor.
Children and Digital Wellbeing in Australia: Online regulation, conduct and competence

This article contributes to the study of children and the internet by reporting on findings from an ethnographic study of children's online use, experience and regulation in Melbourne, Australia. As part of a social inclusion study of technology use, we worked with children and their families in the contexts of everyday and home internet use. This article begins by identifying age-related gaps in the literature on children's online risks, and then moves on to a discussion of the research findings relating to children's online mediation, conduct and competence. By developing a concept of digital wellbeing the article argues that rather than focus only on risk protection measures, it is important to equip children with the knowledge and skills to be active, ethical and critical participants online.
Interlibrary Loan Staffing in Liberal Arts College Libraries

Abstract To document interlibrary loan staffing and organizational structure in liberal arts college libraries, a national survey was conducted. The survey sample included 79 libraries at private liberal arts colleges that enrolled an FTE of fewer than 5,000 students. The participants were selected primarily from the Oberlin Group, the Iowa private academic libraries, and schools affiliated with the ELCA (Evangelical Lutheran Church in America). Although 61% of the sample institutions responded to the survey, which was offered online using Survey Monkey, only 56% completed the full survey. An analysis of the results suggests that interlibrary loan staffing patterns and organizational structures are more unique than uniform.
A Fluctuation-Driven Mechanism for Slow Decision Processes in Reverberant Networks

The spike activity of cells in some cortical areas has been found to be correlated with reaction times and behavioral responses during two-choice decision tasks. These experimental findings have motivated the study of biologically plausible winner-take-all network models, in which strong recurrent excitation and feedback inhibition allow the network to form a categorical choice upon stimulation. Choice formation corresponds in these models to the transition from the spontaneous state of the network to a state where neurons selective for one of the choices fire at a high rate and inhibit the activity of the other neurons. This transition has been traditionally induced by an increase in the external input that destabilizes the spontaneous state of the network and forces its relaxation to a decision state. Here we explore a different mechanism by which the system can undergo such transitions while keeping the spontaneous state stable, based on an escape induced by finite-size noise from the spontaneous state. This decision mechanism naturally arises for low stimulus strengths and leads to exponentially distributed decision times when the amount of noise in the system is small. Furthermore, we show using numerical simulations that mean decision times follow in this regime an exponential dependence on the amplitude of noise. The escape mechanism provides thus a dynamical basis for the wide range and variability of decision times observed experimentally.
Designing Online Election Surveys: Lessons from the 2004 Australian Election

Abstract Online polls have become more widely used in election campaigns, but their reliability in accurately predicting the outcome of an election remains variable. This article reports on the results of an ambitious online polling experiment conducted during the 2004 Australian federal election. In contrast to a more modest online poll conducted at the previous election in 2001, the 2004 poll turned out to be the least accurate of all of the polls conducted during the campaign. A series of hypotheses are tested to explain the inaccuracy of the poll. The main conclusion is that the sampling methodology used required the steady recruitment of new respondents, but that became much reduced as the campaign progressed due to lack of publicity from the online poll’s main media partner. The 2004 Australian experience has important lessons for other online polls which use a similar methodology.
The Decade of Behavior Revisited

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