Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An intermediate representation for behavioral synthesis

An intermediate representation for behavioral and structural designs that is based on annotated state tables is described. It facilitates user control of the synthesis process by allowing specification of partially designed structures, and a mixture of behavior, structure, and user specified bindings between the abstract behavior and the structure. The format's general model allows the capture of synchronous and asynchronous behavior, and permits hierarchical descriptions with concurrency. The format is easily translated to VHDL for simulation at each stage of the design process. It therefore complements a good simulation language (VHDL) by providing an excellent input path for behavioral and register-transfer synthesis. The format's simple and uniform syntax allows it to be used both as an intermediate exchange format for various behavioral synthesis tools, and as a graphical tabular interface for the user, thereby allowing a natural medium for automatic or manual refinement of the design. <<ETX>>
Renal Vasodilatory Action of Dopamine in Patients With Heart Failure: Magnitude of Effect and Site of Action

Background— A “renal dose” of dopamine is often used to increase renal blood flow; however, data on the magnitude of effect and site of action in patients with heart failure are scarce. Methods and Results— Renal effects of intravenous dopamine (1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1) were evaluated in 13 patients with chronic heart failure. Renal blood flow was calculated from renal artery cross-sectional area measured with intravascular ultrasound and renal blood flow velocity-time integral measured by the intravascular Doppler technique. Cross-sectional area increased and was significantly higher than baseline (0.30±0.04 cm2) at 5 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 (0.36±0.05 cm2) and 10 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 (0.38±0.06 cm2). The velocity-time integral was significantly higher than baseline (22±3 cm) at doses of 3 and 5 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 (both 31±4 cm). Renal blood flow increased, whereas renal vascular resistance decreased, reaching statistical significance at 2 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 through 10 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1. Cardiac output gradually increased, reaching statistical significance at doses of 5 and 10 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 (5.5±0.5 and 6.1±0.7 versus 4.5±5.2 L/min at baseline), but the increase in renal blood flow appeared proportionately larger than corresponding increases in cardiac output. Conclusions— Dopamine is associated with an increase in renal blood flow in patients with heart failure. This effect is due to dilation of both the large conductance and small resistance renal blood vessels. Further evaluation of the efficacy and safety of dopamine for improvement of renal function in hospitalized patients with heart failure is warranted.
Network community detection with edge classifiers trained on LFR graphs

Graphs generated using the Lancichinetti-Fortunato-Radicchi (LFR) model are widely used for assessing the performance of network community detection algorithms. This paper investigates an laternative use of LFR graphs: as training data for learning classiﬁers that discriminate between edges that are ‘within’ a community and ‘between’ network communities. The LFR generator has a parameter that controls the extent to which communities are mixed, and hence harder to detect. We show experimentally that a linear edge-wise weighted support vector machine classiﬁer trained on a graph with more mixed communities also works well when tested on easier graph instances, while it achieves mixed performance on real-life networks, with a tendency towards ﬁnding many communities.
Syntax-Based Grammaticality Improvement using CCG and Guided Search

Machine-produced text often lacks grammaticality and fluency. This paper studies grammaticality improvement using a syntax-based algorithm based on ccg. The goal of the search problem is to find an optimal parse tree among all that can be constructed through selection and ordering of the input words. The search problem, which is significantly harder than parsing, is solved by guided learning for best-first search. In a standard word ordering task, our system gives a BLEU score of 40.1, higher than the previous result of 33.7 achieved by a dependency-based system.
The role of knowledge visualisation in supporting postgraduate dissertation assessment

There has been a worldwide increase in the number of postgraduate students over the last few years and therefore some examiners struggle to maintain high standards of consistency, accuracy and fairness. This is especially true in developing countries where the increase is supervision capacity is not on a par with the growth in student numbers. The aim of this research is to deploy freely available technology in order to find a way to help examiners to cope with this extra pressure, while maintaining the rigour of the assessment process. In terms of methodology, we commenced by mining the literature to ascertain exactly what criteria dissertation examiners were assessing, and how they went about doing this. We discovered that examiners tend first to gain an initial impression of a dissertation by reading the summary sections of the report: the abstract, introduction and conclusion. This delivers a helpful overview that eases the subsequent thorough examination of the dissertation, where they work their way through each chapter. This ' overview then zoom' practice is reminiscent of the primary information visualisation mantra. This led us to consider whether knowledge visualisation could be the ameliorative mechanism we were looking for. We then carried out a systematic literature overview in order to determine whether knowledge visualisation had been used in this context. This revealed a surprising lack of research on the use of knowledge visualisation for assessment. We thus commenced to study extant use of visualisations. A case study approach was employed to study extant use of visualisations, in terms of how adequately they provided evidence of students having satisfied the previously identified assessment criteria. A number of experienced supervisors were then surveyed to gather their opinions about the role of knowledge visualisations in dissertations. Our findings indicate that knowledge visualisations can indeed provide evidence that particular criteria have been satisfied within a dissertation, and they do this more efficiently than text. Given the advances in technology, all postgraduate students are now able easily to produce computer-generated visualisations, so requiring their inclusion would be no great impediment. We conclude that knowledge visualisations demonstrate promise in terms of supporting assessment of postgraduate dissertations. Our recommendations are that the deliberate deployment of knowledge visualisations in this context be investigated further to determine whether this initial promise can be realised in actual practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Nitric Oxide in the Retinotectal System: a Signal But Not a Retrograde Messenger During Map Refinement and Segregation

The role of nitric oxide (NO) as a mediator of synaptic plasticity is controversial in both the adult and developing brain. NO generation appears to be necessary for some types of NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity during development but not for others. Our previous work using several NO donors revealed thatXenopus laevis retinal ganglion cell axons stop growing in response to NO exposure. We demonstrate here that the same response occurs in tectal neuron processes bathed in the NO donorS-nitrosocysteine (SNOC) and in RGC growth cones to which SNOC is very locally applied. We show that NO synthase (NOS) activity is present in the Rana pipiens optic tectum throughout development in a dispersed subpopulation of tectal neurons, although effects of NO on synaptic function in a Rana pipienstectal slice were varied. We chronically inhibited NOS in doubly innervated Rana tadpole optic tecta usingl-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester in Elvax. Despite significant NOS inhibition as measured biochemically, eye-specific stripes remained normally segregated. This suggests that NOS activity is not downstream of NMDA receptor activation during retinotectal synaptic competition because NMDA receptor activation is necessary for segregation of retinal afferents into ocular dominance stripes in the doubly innervated tadpole optic tectum. We conclude that NO has some signaling function in the retinotectal pathway, but this function is not critical to the mechanism that refines the projection and causes eye-specific stripes.
Instability of Population III Black Hole Accretion Disks

We investigated the stability of black hole accretion disks in a primordial environment (POP III disks for short), by solving the vertical structure of optically thick disks, including convective energy transport, and by employing a one-zone model for optically thin isothermal disks. Because of the absence of metals in POP III disks, we find significant differences in stability associated with ionization between POP III disks and the disks of solar metallicity. An unstable branch in S-shaped equilibrium curves on the P M –Σ (mass accretion rate–surface density) plane extends to a larger surface density compared with the case of disks of solar metallicity. The resulting equilibrium loci indicate that quasi-periodic oscillations in luminosity can also be driven in POP III disks, and their maximal luminosity is typically by an order of magnitude larger than that of the disks of solar metallicity. Such a strong outburst of POP III disks can be observed by future huge telescopes, in the case that the mass is supplied onto the disks at the Bondi accretion rates in typical virialized small dark halos.
BEAM COMMISSIONING OF CADS LINAC INSTRUMENTATION *

The China Accelerator Driven Subcritical system (CADS) linac, which is composed of an ECR ion source, a low energy beam transport line (LEBT), a radio frequency quadrupole accelerator (RFQ), a medium energy beam transport line (MEBT) and cryomodules with SRF cavities to boost the energy up to 10 MeV. The injector linac will be equipped with beam diagnostics to measure the beam position, the transverse profile and emittance, the beam phase as well as beam current and beam losses. Though many are conventional design, they can provide efficient operation of drive linac. This paper gives an overview and detail in beam commissioning of C-ADS linac beam instrumentation.
On the optimality of a construction of secure network codes

In this paper, we prove the optimality of a secure network code we have previously constructed when the wiretapper can choose to access any subset of the channels of a fixed size. Specifically, we prove that the network code we constructed multicasts the maximum possible amount of information to the user nodes securely and uses the minimum amount of randomness to achieve the required security.
Transvaginal Sonographic Evaluation of the Cervix in Asymptomatic Singleton Pregnancy and Management Options in Short Cervix

Preterm delivery (PTD), defined as birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation, is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Evaluation of the cervical morphology and biometry with transvaginal ultrasonography at 16–24 weeks of gestation is a useful tool to predict the risk of preterm birth in low- and high-risk singleton pregnancies. For instance, a sonographic cervical length (CL) > 30 mm and present cervical gland area have a 96-97% negative predictive value for preterm delivery at <37 weeks. Available evidence supports the use of progesterone to women with cervical length ≤25 mm, irrespective of other risk factors. In women with prior spontaneous PTD with asymptomatic cervical shortening (CL ≤ 25 mm), prophylactic cerclage procedure must be performed and weekly to every two weeks follow-up is essential. This article reviews the evidence in support of the clinical introduction of transvaginal sonography for both the prediction and management of spontaneous preterm labour.
Fast string searching

Since the Boyer‐Moore algorithm was described in 1977, it has been the standard benchmark for the practical string search literature. Yet this yardstick compares badly with current practice. We describe two algorithms that perform 47% fewer comparisons and are about 4.5 times faster across a wide range of architectures and compilers.
Effective routine behavior pattern discovery from sparse mobile phone data via collaborative filtering

Recognizing and classifying users' routine behavior patterns from sensor data has been a hot topic in pervasive computing. Its objective is to automatically discover recurrent routine patterns in a user's daily life by leveraging the multimodal data generated from wearable sensors such as mobile phones. This kind of knowledge can be utilized in many ways such as identifying similar users in terms of their behaviors, providing behavior contexts to enable advanced human-centered applications, etc. While numerous works have been done in this area, most of them rely on densely sampled mobile data collected from specially-programmed sensors that can “follow” people throughout the day. In this paper, we study how to achieve the same objective when the mobile data presented is much sparser, such as traditional mobile phone data where a user's location is reported only when he makes a call. Although a single user's mobile data is far from sufficient to reveal his characteristic behavior, we show that when exploiting a large number of users' mobile data in a principled collaborative way which facilitate similar users' data to complement each other, representative routine patterns can be revealed and each user can be characterized properly. Experiments on synthetic and real mobile phone data set demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods, and also show our model's ability in predicting human activity using the patterns learned.
Finite-time stabilization and H _ 1 control of nonlinear delay systems via output feedback

This paper studies the robust ﬁnite-time H ∞ control for a class of nonlinear systems with time-varying delay and disturbances via output feedback. Based on the Lyapunov functional method and a generalized Jensen integral inequality, novel delay-dependent conditions for the existence of output feedback controllers are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The proposed conditions allow us to design the output feedback controllers which robustly stabilize the closed-loop system in the ﬁnite-time sense. An application to H ∞ control of uncertain linear systems with interval time-varying delay is also given. A numerical example is given to illustrate the eﬃciency of the proposed method.
A fully-parallel information detection hardware system employing Content Addressable Memory

A new information detection method has been proposed for a very fast and efficient search engine. This method is implemented on hardware system using FPGA. We take advantages of Content Addressable Memory (CAM) which has an ability of searching and matching mode for designing the system. The CAM blocks have been designed using available memory blocks of the FPGA device to save access times of the whole system. The entire memory can return multi-matched results concurrently. The system operates based on the CAMs for pattern matching in parallel manner to return multiple addresses of multi-matched results. Based on the parallel multi-matching operations, the system can be applied for pattern matching with various required constraint conditions without using any search principles. The very fast multi-matched results 60ns are achieved at the operational frequency 50 Mhz. Thus increases the matching performance of the information detection system which uses this method as the core system.
Lower Body Design of the `iCub' a Human-baby like Crawling Robot

The development of robotic cognition and a greater understanding of human cognition form two of the current greatest challenges of science. Within the RobotCub project the goal is the development of an embodied robotic child (iCub) with the physical and ultimately cognitive abilities of a 2frac12 year old human baby. The ultimate goal of this project is to provide the cognition research community with an open human like platform for understanding of cognitive systems through the study of cognitive development. In this paper the design of the mechanisms adopted for lower body and particularly for the leg and the waist are outlined. This is accompanied by discussion on the actuator group realisation in order to meet the torque requirements while achieving the dimensional and weight specifications. Estimated performance measures of the iCub are presented
Maximum Entropy Approach for UnReliable Server Vacation Queueing Model with Optional Bulk Service

In this study, we consider a single server vacation queueing model with optional bulk service and an un-reliable server. A single server provides first essential service (FES) to all arriving customers one by one; apart from essential service, he can also facilitate the additional phase of optional service (OS) in batches of fixed size b(≥ 1), in case when the customers request for it. The server may take a single vacation whenever he finds no customers waiting in the queue to be served. Moreover, the server is subjected to unpredictable breakdown while providing the first essential service. The vacation time, service time and repair time of the server are exponentially distributed. The steady state results are obtained in terms of probability generating function for queue size distributions. By using the maximum entropy analysis (MEA), we derive various system performance measures. A comparative study is performed between the exact and approximate waiting time of the system. By taking the numerical illustrations, the sensitivity analysis is done to explore the effect of different descriptors on various performance measures.
Interspecific mitochondrial DNA transfer and the colonization of Scandinavia by mice.

Restriction enzymes were used to search for genetic variability at 162 cleavage sites in mitochondrial D N A (mtDNA) purified from 22 mice caught at seven Swedish localities. Al though all of these mice bear the nuclear genes of Mus musculus, they bear the m t D N A of M. domesticus exclusively. Yet, some of the Swedish localities are 750 km away from the hybrid zone between these two species. Furthermore, only one type of m t D N A was found at the seven Swedish localities; this type was found before at an eighth locality in Sweden as well as in Jutland nor th of the hybrid zone. The apparent lack of m t D N A divergence in the mouse population of Sweden contrasts with the extensive divergence usually found within other geographic areas in Europe, Africa and Nor th America. Electrophoretic analysis of proteins encoded by nuclear genes indicates that the Swedish mice have lower average heterozygosity than Danish and Central European populations of musculus mice. These findings lead us to suggest that the source of the commensal mouse population in Sweden was a small propagule that originated from a population situated only a few kilometres to the east of the point at which the hybrid zone on the European mainland meets the Baltic Sea, namely on East Holstein. Such a founder event may have been associated with the spread of farming from north Germany into Sweden about 4000 years ago.
A Survey of Surface Reconstruction from Point Clouds

The area of surface reconstruction has seen substantial progress in the past two decades. The traditional problem addressed by surface reconstruction is to recover the digital representation of a physical shape that has been scanned, where the scanned data contain a wide variety of defects. While much of the earlier work has been focused on reconstructing a piece‐wise smooth representation of the original shape, recent work has taken on more specialized priors to address significantly challenging data imperfections, where the reconstruction can take on different representations—not necessarily the explicit geometry. We survey the field of surface reconstruction, and provide a categorization with respect to priors, data imperfections and reconstruction output. By considering a holistic view of surface reconstruction, we show a detailed characterization of the field, highlight similarities between diverse reconstruction techniques and provide directions for future work in surface reconstruction.
HIGH VOLUME BIOASSAYS TO ASSESS CYP3A4-MEDIATED DRUG INTERACTIONS: INDUCTION AND INHIBITION IN A SINGLE CELL LINE

Exposure to certain xenochemicals can alter the catalytic activity of the major drug-metabolizing enzyme, CYP3A4, either by enhancing expression of this cytochrome P450 or inhibiting its activity. Such alterations can result in adverse consequences stemming from drug-drug interactions. A simplified and reliable tool for detecting the ability of candidate drugs to alter CYP3A4 levels or inhibit catalytic activity was developed by stable integration of human pregnane X receptor and a luciferase vector harboring the CYP3A4 enhancers. Treatment of stable transformants, namely DPX-2, with various concentrations of inducers including rifampicin, mifepristone, troglitazone, methoxychlor, and kava produced dose-dependent increases in luciferase expression (between 2- and 40-fold above dimethyl sulfoxide-treated cells). Northern blot analyses of CYP3A4 mRNA in DPX-2 cells exhibited a good correlation to results generated with the reporter gene assay (r2 = 0.5, p < 0.01). Induction of CYP3A4 protein was examined by measuring catalytic activity with the CYP3A4 substrate, luciferin 6′ benzyl ether (luciferin BE). Metabolism of luciferin BE by DPX-2 cells was enhanced 5.2-fold above dimethyl sulfoxide-treated cells by treatment with rifampicin. Constitutive androstane receptor-mediated regulation of CYP3A4 protein was addressed by measuring catalytic activity in a separate cell line over-expressing this receptor. Phenobarbital and dexamethasone produced 1.5- and 2.0-fold increases, respectively, above control in luciferin BE metabolism. To determine the utility of DPX-2 cells for identifying inhibitors of CYP3A4 catabolism, luciferin BE activity was measured in the presence of various concentrations of ketoconazole, erythromycin, or kava. These agents exhibited dose-dependent decreases in CYP3A4 activity with IC50 values of 0.3 μM for ketoconazole, 108 μM for erythromycin, and 15.5 μg/ml for kava. Collectively, DPX-2 cells were used to identify xenobiotics that induce or inhibit CYP3A4 in a high throughput manner, demonstrating their applicability to early-stage drug development.
Cryptanalysis of Two PAKE Protocols for Body Area Networks and Smart Environments

Password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE) protocols enable two or more entities to authenticate each other and share a strong cryptographic key based on a pre-shared human memorable password. In this paper, we present several attacks on two recent elliptic curve-based PAKE protocols that have been suggested for use in body area networks and smart environments. A variant of the rst PAKE protocol has been included in the latest standard for body area networks. The second PAKE protocol is a modied variant of the rst protocol, and has been