Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variation of Mantled Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata) from Costa Rica1

ABSTRACT We examined genetic diversity of howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) from Costa Rica. Blood samples of howler monkeys were collected at various locations in Costa Rica, and electrophoresis of total plasma proteins yielded no variation. We also conducted starch gel electrophoresis of red cell isozymes and did not find variation for any of the 14 loci analyzed (i.e., ACP, ADA, CA2, EST, GPI, IDH, LDH-1, LDH-2, MDH, PGD, PGM-1, PGM-2, SOD, and TPI). These findings were compared with the levels of genetic variation for A. seniculus and A. belzebul from one Brazilian population. Four of the 14 isozymes (ADA, GPI, PGD, and SOD) showed more than one allele for these species. Both A. seniculus and A. belzebul from Brazil showed similar levels of genetic variation. The potential causes of the low genetic variation in A. palliata from Costa Rica are discussed.
Comparison of Clinical Tools for Measurements of Regional Stress and Rest Myocardial Blood Flow Assessed with 13N-Ammonia PET/CT

Several models for the quantitative analysis of myocardial blood flow (MBF) at stress and rest and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) with 13N-ammonia myocardial perfusion PET have been implemented for clinical use. We aimed to compare quantitative results obtained from 3 software tools (QPET, syngo MBF, and PMOD), which perform PET MBF quantification with either a 2-compartment model (QPET and syngo MBF) or a 1-compartment model (PMOD). Methods: We considered 33 adenosine stress and rest 13N-ammonia studies (22 men and 11 women). Average age was 54.5 ± 15 y, and average body mass index was 26 ± 4.2. Eighteen patients had a very low likelihood of disease, with no chest pain, normal relative perfusion results, and normal function. All data were obtained on a PET/CT scanner in list mode with CT attenuation maps. Sixteen dynamic frames were reconstructed (twelve 10-s, two 30-s, one 1-min, and one 6-min frames). Global and regional stress and rest MBF and MFR values were obtained with each tool. Left ventricular contours and input function region were obtained automatically in system QPET and syngo MBF and manually in PMOD. Results: The flow values and MFR values were highly correlated among the 3 packages (R2 ranging from 0.88 to 0.92 for global values and from 0.78 to 0.94 for regional values. Mean reference MFR values were similar for QPET, syngo MBF, and PMOD (3.39 ± 1.22, 3.41 ± 0.76, and 3.66 ± 1.19, respectively) by 1-way ANOVA (P = 0.74). The lowest MFR in very low likelihood patients in any given vascular territory was 2.25 for QPET, 2.13 for syngo MBF, and 2.23 for PMOD. Conclusion: Different implementations of 1- and 2-compartment models demonstrate an excellent correlation in MFR for each vascular territory, with similar mean MFR values.
Comparative study on KP-ABE and CP-ABE algorithm for secure data retrieval in military network

In many hostile military environments for instance war zone, unfriendly nature, etc., the systems perform on the specially promoted mode and nature which they tolerate the defined system network architecture. Preparation of Disruption-Tolerant systems (DTN) enhances the network between the remote devices which provided to the soldiers in the war zone, this situation conveys the reliable data transmission under scanner. Cipher text approach are based on the attribute based encryption which mainly acts on the attributes or role of the users, which is a successful cryptographic strategy to maintain the control issues and also allow reliable data transfer. Specially, the systems are not centralized and have more data constrained issues in the systems, implementing the Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) was an important issue, where this strategy provides the new security and data protection approach with the help of the Key Revocation, Key Escrows and collaboration of the certain attributes with help of main Key Authorities. This paper mainly concentrates on the reliable data retrieval system with the help of CP-ABE for the Disruption-Tolerant Networks where multiple key authorities deal with respective attributes safely and securely. We performed comparison analysis on existing schemes with the recommended system components which are configured in the respective decentralized tolerant military system for reliable data retrieval.
Calculation of the Membrane Thickness of Magnetite Nanoparticles on the Surface of the Transparent Conductive Electrode in the Electric Field

We observe and study the reflection and interference in the two-layer thin film composed of a conductive layer of ITO and dispersed particles of magnetic fluid (magnetite). In an electric field the equivalent thickness of the membrane is increased by varying the thickness of the second layer. At a certain value of the electric field the layer becomes unstable, its thickness varies periodically, autowave process leading to the characteristic active centers (pacemakers), spiral waves (reverberators) was observed.
APPLICATION OF HIGH RESOLUTION TRANSMISSION X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY IN MATERIAL SCIENCE

The continuing development of X-ray light sources, optical devices and image analy- sis technologies enables us to nondestructively analyze internal structures of materials by using 3D imaging with a spatial resolution of micron, even dozens of nanometers. Innovations in materials sci- ence and technology will benefit from the new achievements of the X-ray tomography with higher resolution. This article devotes to review the origination and development of the X-ray tomography techniques for 3D imaging and introduce the principles and specifications of three imaging methods, including absorption imaging, phase contrast imaging and holographic imaging. The differences be- tween synchrotron-based and laboratory-based X-ray tomography are also discussed. To explore new opportunities of the high resolution X-ray tomography in the development of material science and technology, particular emphasis is laid on the applications for traditional materials with a 3D view, such as the characterizations of holes, cracks, corrosion, composites, and in situ testing etc.
Uncertainty-driven Imagination for Continuous Deep Reinforcement Learning

Continuous control of high-dimensional systems can be achieved by current state-of-the-art reinforcement learning methods such as the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm, but needs a significant amount of data samples. For real-world systems, this can be an obstacle since excessive data collection can be expensive, tedious or lead to physical damage. The main incentive of this work is to keep the advantages of model-free Q-learning while minimizing real-world interaction by the employment of a dynamics model learned in parallel. To counteract adverse effects of imaginary rollouts with an inaccurate model, a notion of uncertainty is introduced, to make use of artificial data only in cases of high uncertainty. We evaluate our approach on three simulated robot tasks and achieve faster learning by at least 40 per cent in comparison to vanilla DDPG with multiple updates.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Three Genes Encoding Dihydroflavonol-4-Reductase from Ginkgo biloba in Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway

Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR, EC1.1.1.219) catalyzes a key step late in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins, condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins), and other flavonoids important to plant survival and human nutrition. Three DFR cDNA clones (designated GbDFRs) were isolated from the gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba. The deduced GbDFR proteins showed high identities to other plant DFRs, which form three distinct DFR families. Southern blot analysis showed that the three GbDFRs each belong to a different DFR family. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the GbDFRs share the same ancestor as other DFRs. The expression of the three recombinant GbDFRs in Escherichia coli showed that their actual protein sizes were in agreement with predictions from the cDNA sequences. The recombinant proteins were purified and their activity was analyzed; both GbDFR1 and GbDFR3 could catalyze dihydroquercetin conversion to leucocyanidin, while GbDFR2 catalyzed dihydrokaempferol conversion to leucopelargonidin. qRT-PCR showed that the GbDFRs were expressed in a tissue-specific manner, and transcript accumulation for the three genes was highest in young leaves and stamens. These transcription patterns were in good agreement with the pattern of anthocyanin accumulation in G.biloba. The expression profiles suggested that GbDFR1 and GbDFR2 are mainly involved in responses to plant hormones, environmental stress and damage. During the annual growth cycle, the GbDFRs were significantly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in leaves. A fitted linear curve showed the best model for relating GbDFR2 and GbDFR3 with anthocyanin accumulation in leaves. GbDFR1 appears to be involved in environmental stress response, while GbDFR3 likely has primary functions in the synthesis of anthocyanins. These data revealed unexpected properties and differences in three DFR proteins from a single species.
Neurotensin Promotes the Development of Colitis and Intestinal Angiogenesis via Hif-1α–miR-210 Signaling

Neurotensin (NT) via its receptor 1 (NTR1) modulates the development of colitis, decreases HIF-1α/PHD2 interaction, stabilizes and increases HIF-1α transcriptional activity, and promotes intestinal angiogenesis. HIF-1α induces miR-210 expression, whereas miR-210 is strongly upregulated in response to NT in NCM460 human colonic epithelial cells overexpressing NTR1 (NCM460-NTR1). In this study, we examined whether NT activates a NTR1-HIF-1α-miR-210 cascade using in vitro (NCM460-NTR1 cells) and in vivo (transgenic mice overexpressing [HIF-1α-OE] or lacking HIF-1α [HIF-1α-knockout (KO)] in intestinal epithelial cells and mice lacking NTR1 [NTR1-KO]) models. Pretreatment of NCM460-NTR1 cells with the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 or silencing of HIF-1α (small interfering HIF-1α) attenuated miR-210 expression in response to NT. Intracolonic 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) administration (2-d model) increased colonic miR-210 expression that was significantly reduced in NTR1-KO, HIF-1α-KO mice, and wild-type mice pretreated intracolonically with locked nucleic acid anti–miR-210. In contrast, HIF-1α-OE mice showed increased miR-210 expression at baseline that was further increased following TNBS administration. HIF-1α-OE mice had also exacerbated TNBS-induced neovascularization compared with TNBS-exposed wild-type mice. TNBS-induced neovascularization was attenuated in HIF-1α-KO mice, or mice pretreated intracolonically with anti–miR-210. Intracolonic anti–miR-210 also reduced colitis in response to TNBS (2 d). Importantly, miR-210 expression was increased in tissue samples from ulcerative colitis patients. We conclude that NT exerts its proinflammatory and proangiogenic effects during acute colitis via a NTR1-prolyl hydroxylase 2/HIF-1α-miR-210 signaling pathway. Our results also demonstrate that miR-210 plays a proinflammatory role in the development of colitis.
Simultaneous Processing of Information on Multiple Errors in Visuomotor Learning

The proper association between planned and executed movements is crucial for motor learning because the discrepancies between them drive such learning. Our study explored how this association was determined when a single action caused the movements of multiple visual objects. Participants reached toward a target by moving a cursor, which represented the right hand’s position. Once every five to six normal trials, we interleaved either of two kinds of visual perturbation trials: rotation of the cursor by a certain amount (±15°, ±30°, and ±45°) around the starting position (single-cursor condition) or rotation of two cursors by different angles (+15° and −45°, 0° and 30°, etc.) that were presented simultaneously (double-cursor condition). We evaluated the aftereffects of each condition in the subsequent trial. The error sensitivity (ratio of the aftereffect to the imposed visual rotation) in the single-cursor trials decayed with the amount of rotation, indicating that the motor learning system relied to a greater extent on smaller errors. In the double-cursor trials, we obtained a coefficient that represented the degree to which each of the visual rotations contributed to the aftereffects based on the assumption that the observed aftereffects were a result of the weighted summation of the influences of the imposed visual rotations. The decaying pattern according to the amount of rotation was maintained in the coefficient of each imposed visual rotation in the double-cursor trials, but the value was reduced to approximately 40% of the corresponding error sensitivity in the single-cursor trials. We also found a further reduction of the coefficients when three distinct cursors were presented (e.g., −15°, 15°, and 30°). These results indicated that the motor learning system utilized multiple sources of visual error information simultaneously to correct subsequent movement and that a certain averaging mechanism might be at work in the utilization process.
The Effect of Chemical Composition, Density and Cellular Structure on the Dynamic Mechanical Response of Polyolefin Foams

Dynamic mechanical analysis has been applied to a collection of polyolefin foams with different chemical compositions and densities and manufactured from different routes. The effect of different foam characteristics, such as density, polymer morphology and cellular structure on the dynamic mechanical response is analysed. The way in which this technique can be used to obtain information about the polymer morphology of the foam is presented. In addition, examples of the use of this technique in studying specific problems are illustrated.
Shear Elastic Modulus on Patellar Tendon Captured from Supersonic Shear Imaging: Correlation with Tangent Traction Modulus Computed from Material Testing System and Test–Retest Reliability

Characterization of the elastic properties of a tendon could enhance the diagnosis and treatment of tendon injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the shear elastic modulus on the patellar tendon captured from a Supersonic Shear Imaging (SSI) and the tangent traction modulus computed from a Material testing system (MTS) on 8 fresh patellar pig tendons (Experiment I). Test–retest reliability of the shear elastic modulus captured from the SSI was established in Experiment II on 22 patellar tendons of 11 healthy human subjects using the SSI. Spearman Correlation coefficients for the shear elastic modulus and tangent traction modulus ranged from 0.82 to 1.00 (all p<0.05) on the 8 tendons. The intra and inter-operator reliabilities were 0.98 (95% CI: 0.93–0.99) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93–0.98) respectively. The results from this study demonstrate that the shear elastic modulus of the patellar tendon measured by the SSI is related to the tangent traction modulus quantified by the MTS. The SSI shows good intra and inter-operator repeatability. Therefore, the present study shows that SSI can be used to assess elastic properties of a tendon.
Study of Transient Enclosure Voltage Coupling to Secondary Cables in a Gas-Insulated Substation

Transient enclosure voltage (TEV) induces a relative potential difference between grounding conductors and then couples to secondary cables and may cause malfunction and even damage to secondary equipment. This study investigates the coupling mechanism of TEV to secondary cables from an experimental point of view and presents a cable model suitable for calculation. Experiments are carried out on test platforms established in a laboratory. The experimental results indicate that the magnitudes of port voltages are roughly 1.5‰ of TEV magnitudes, and the waveform of the start port voltage has the same profile but in antiphase with that of the end port voltage. Moreover, only common-mode voltage with no differential-mode voltage exists for the twin core cable. Based on these results, an equivalent circuit for a secondary cable is proposed. This circuit can generate similar waveforms as those measured in the experiment. The experimental and theoretical results presented in this paper should prove helpful for evaluating the interference severity of secondary cables resulting from TEV for the electromagnetic protection of secondary ports.
Self‐adaptive workload classification and forecasting for proactive resource provisioning

As modern enterprise software systems become increasingly dynamic, workload forecasting techniques are gaining an importance as a foundation for online capacity planning and resource management. Time series analysis offers a broad spectrum of methods to calculate workload forecasts based on history monitoring data. Related work in the field of workload forecasting mostly concentrates on evaluating specific methods and their individual optimisation potential or on predicting QoS metrics directly. As a basis, we present a survey on established forecasting methods of the time series analysis concerning their benefits and drawbacks and group them according to their computational overheads. In this paper, we propose a novel self‐adaptive approach that selects suitable forecasting methods for a given context based on a decision tree and direct feedback cycles together with a corresponding implementation. The user needs to provide only his general forecasting objectives. In several experiments and case studies based on real‐world workload traces, we show that our implementation of the approach provides continuous and reliable forecast results at run‐time. The results of this extensive evaluation show that the relative error of the individual forecast points is significantly reduced compared with statically applied forecasting methods, for example, in an exemplary scenario on average by 37%. In a case study, between 55 and 75% of the violations of a given service level objective can be prevented by applying proactive resource provisioning based on the forecast results of our implementation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication and properties of machinable SiC/h-BN Nano-composites

SiC/BN ceramic nano-composites powders were synthesized by an in-situ recation method and the composites were sintered by hot pressing in a N2 atmosphere. The microstructure, secondary phase and grain boundaries were characterized using a range of analytical techniques including TEM, SEM and XRD. The mechanical properties were determined, when the BN content is increaed because the nano-sized h-BN crystals were homogeneously dispersed around the SiC grains of the matrix, the fracture strength of the nano-composites decreased more slowly than that of the SiC/h-BN micro-composites, but the hardness of the composites decreased sharply and the machinability properites were improved noticeably.
A Meta-Analysis of Work–Family Conflict and Social Support

The relationship between social support and work–family conflict is well-established, but the notion that different forms, sources, and types of social support as well as contextual factors can alter this relationship has been relatively neglected. To address this limitation, the current study provides the most comprehensive and in-depth examination of the relationship between social support and work–family conflict to date. We conduct a meta-analysis based on 1021 effect sizes and 46 countries to dissect the social support and work–family conflict relationship. Using social support theory as a theoretical framework, we challenge the assumption that social support measures are interchangeable by comparing work/family support relationships with work–family conflict across different support forms (behavior, perceptions), sources (e.g., supervisor, coworker, spouse), types (instrumental, emotional), and national contexts (cultural values, economic factors). National context hypotheses use a strong inferences paradigm in which utility and value congruence theoretical perspectives are pitted against one another. Significant results concerning support source are in line with social support theory, indicating that broad sources of support are more strongly related to work–family conflict than are specific sources of support. In line with utility perspective from social support theory, culture and economic national context significantly moderate some of the relationships between work/family support and work interference with family, indicating that social support is most beneficial in contexts in which it is needed or perceived as useful. The results suggest that organizational support may be the most important source of support overall.
Evaluation Parameters for Spherical Agglomerates Formed by Spherical Crystallisation Technique

Spherical crystallization is the novel agglomeration technique that can transform directly the fine crystals produced in the crystallization process into a spherical shape. It is the particle engineering technique by which crystallization and agglomeration can be carried out simultaneously in one step to transform crystals directly into compacted spherical form. This technique of particle design of drugs has emerged as one of the areas of active research currently of interest in pharmaceutical manufacturing and recently came into the forefront of interest or gained great attention and importance due to the fact that crystal habit can be modified during the crystallization process. In consequence of such modifications in the crystal habit certain micrometric properties and physicochemical properties can also be modified . As this technique forms the spherically agglomerated crystals showing significant effect on the formulation and manufacturing of pharmaceutical dosage form. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate and characterized these spherically agglomerated crystals by using the different parameters so as to differentiate it from the raw crystals.
Error awareness in a multi-layer transport network operating system

Software-defined control based on a network operating system combined with flexible-bitrate optical transponders allows near zero-margin operation of optical networks to "squeeze" as much capacity out of a link as possible. Since their inception, optical transport networks have been designed with the assumption that operational optical links must essentially be error free after applying forward error correction. However, operating close to zero system margin increases the likelihood that error bursts may occur on a link. In this work, we explore the possibility of utilizing optical links with a low level of burst errors to carry error-tolerant services. This requires monitoring the amount of link errors so that new error-aware service-level agreements can be met. To determine acceptable error levels for a service, we introduce and demonstrate the measurement of service-specific performance maps, such as the flow-completion time map, based on physical-layer parameters such as the average bit-error ratio. This allows us to demonstrate error-aware intents in a multi-layer transport network operating system with service differentiation so that error-intolerant traffic can be migrated away from a link with errors while keeping the more error-tolerant traffic on the link. We specifically study the application of data-center interconnection as a service with potential tolerance to links with errors and measure the flow-completion times and ping-loss ratios for flows on such a link. On our testbed network, we show that the data-center interconnection throughput can be essentially doubled over a range of 7 orders of magnitude in bit-error ratio compared to the present mode of network operation.