Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability of Post-Mortem Psychiatric Diagnosis for Neuroscience Research

Objective: The validity of post-mortem human brain research relies upon accurate clinical and psychopathological diagnosis. Current literature indicates few instances where standardized diagnostic assessment tools such as the Diagnostic Instrument for Brain Studies have been utilized. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the degree of concordance between predominant ante-mortem psychiatric diagnoses indicated in medical records, and post-mortem diagnoses derived through structured diagnostic instruments such as the Diagnostic Instrument for Brain Studies and the Item Group Checklist of the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Methods: Fifty-eight subjects from the New South Wales Tissue Resource Centre, assigned a clinical psychiatric diagnosis after death, were included in the study. The predominant ante-mortem diagnosis of each case was compared to the corresponding post-mortem diagnosis obtained through structured case reviews to which either the Diagnostic Instrument for Brain Studies (from 2001) or the Item Group Checklist of Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (before 2001) were applied. Results: Comparison of ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnoses produced an overall kappa coefficient of 0.66. Kappa coefficients for the schizophrenia cohort were 0.61, 0.35 for the schizoaffective cohort, 0.95 for the major depressive disorder cohort and 0.70 for the bipolar disorder cohort. Conclusions: There was moderate–excellent inter-rater reliability for most cohorts in this sample. There was sufficient disagreement, however, particularly for the schizoaffective cohort, to suggest the value of applying a standardized and structured assessment approach to psychiatric diagnosis. A standardized approach would likely enhance both the accuracy of diagnosis and the prospective validity of tissue-based research. The present study also highlights the importance of accurate and detailed medical record keeping at a symptom-based level across all mental health professions. In the absence of clear and adequate symptom-based detail, the reliability of both ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnosis may be compromised.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery versus open lobectomy for primary non-small-cell lung cancer: a propensity-matched analysis of outcome from the European Society of Thoracic Surgeon database.

OBJECTIVES Video-assisted thoracoscopic anatomical resections are increasingly used in Europe to manage primary lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome following thoracoscopic versus open lobectomy in case-matched groups of patients from the European Society of Thoracic Surgeon (ESTS) database. METHODS All patients having lobectomy as the primary procedure via thoracoscopy [video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)-L)] or thoracotomy (TH-L) were identified in the ESTS database (January 2007 to December 2013). A propensity score was constructed using several patients' baseline characteristics. The matching using the propensity score was responsible for the minimization of selection bias. A propensity score-matched analysis was performed to compare the incidence of postoperative major complications (according to the ESTS database definitions) and mortality at hospital discharge between the matched groups. After exclusions, 28 771 patients were identified: 26 050 having thoracotomy and 2721 having thoracoscopy. Propensity score yielded two well-matched groups of 2721 patients. Numeric variables were compared by Student's t-tests and categorical variables were compared by McNemar's tests. RESULTS Compared with TH-L, VATS-L was associated with a lower incidence of total complications [n = 792 (29.1%) vs 863 (31.7%), P = 0.0357], major cardiopulmonary complications [n = 316 (15.9%) vs 435 (19.6%), P = 0.0094], atelectasis requiring bronchoscopy [n = 65 (2.4%) vs 150 (5.5%), P < 0.0001], initial ventilation >48 h [n = 18 (0.7%) vs 38 (1.4%), P = 0.0075] and wound infection [n = 6 (0.2%) vs 17 (0.6%), P = 0.0218]. There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation between the two groups (P = 0.14). Postoperative hospital stay was 2 days shorter in the VATS-L patients (mean: 7.8 vs 9.8 days; P = 0.0003). In terms of outcome at hospital discharge, there were 27 deaths in the VATS-L group (1%) versus 50 in the TH-L group (1.9%, P = 0.0201). CONCLUSIONS Data from the ESTS database confirmed that lobectomy performed through VATS is associated with a lower incidence of complications compared with thoracotomy.
Technical efficiency of cash and food crops producing farms across three districts in Northern Tajikistan: a non-parametric approach.

Agriculture in Tajikistan is performing poorly. However, studies that critically examine the factors behind the very skimpy performance of this sector are rather scanty. Thus, the objectives of this study are twofold: 1) gauging technical efficiency of farms and 2) identifying determinants of in/efficiency. The total sample constituted 303 randomly selected farm households from three districts. Using VRS input-oriented approach in Data Envelopment Analysis and tobit model, the study has found out that farm indebtedness and delays in irrigation negatively influence the efficiency level of farm households. Policy intervention should consider the comparative advantages of each district.
Byte-Reconfigurable LDPC Codec Design With Application to High-Performance ECC of NAND Flash Memory Systems

The reliability of NAND Flash memory deteriorates due to multi-level cell technique and advanced manufacturing technology. To deal with more errors, LDPC codes show superior performance to conventional BCH codes as ECC of NAND Flash memory systems. However, LDPC codec for NAND Flash memory systems faces problems of high redesign effort, high on-chip memory cost and high-throughput demand. This paper presents a byte-reconfigurable cost-effective high-throughput QC-LDPC codec design for NAND Flash memory systems. Reconfigurable codec design is proposed to support various QC-LDPC codes for different Flash memories. To save on-chip memory cost, shared-memory architecture and rescheduling architecture are presented for encoder and decoder, respectively. The shared-memory architecture can save 23% area cost of the encoder and the rescheduling architecture reduces 15% area cost of decoder. In addition, the proposed sub-iteration based early termination (SIB-ET) scheme reduces 29.6% decoding iteration counts compare with the state-of-the-art early termination scheme when raw BER of Flash memory is 3×10-3. Finally, the QC-LDPC codec for NAND Flash memory systems is implemented in TSMC 90 nm technology. The post-layout result shows that the core size is only 6.72 mm2 at 222 MHz operating frequency.
Establishing the archaeo‐metallurgic ornamentation process of an axe from the bronze age by OM, SEM‐EDX, and Micro‐FTIR

Our article presents the results of the analyses we performed by corroborating the Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Xray Analysis and micro Fourier Transformed InfraRed Analysis techniques to identify the archaeo‐metallurgic casting and ornamentation procedure of a decorated disk‐butted axe, which was discovered recently east of the Carpathian mountains, in the Moldavian Plateau. There are few known axes of that type found (A1, according to the usual typologies), as they are specific to the Middle Bronze Age period west of the Carpathians—the Wietenberg, Suciu de Sus, and Otomani‐Füzesabony cultures. The experimental data on the item under study revealed the fact that after casting it in molds made from porous silicone‐based stone, the object was coated with a thin layer, by immersing it in a lightly fusible tin alloy, whose main alloy component was copper and arsenic and iron as secondary components. After refining the shiny white layer, they applied a beautiful decoration pattern made by incision and engraving. This battle axe was an indication of higher status, such items usually being owned by community leaders. This important fact proves that the ancient metallurgic craftsmen were able to elaborate and manufacture various alloys from which they made beautiful objects and it also offers a new insight into the social and symbolic function of certain antique bronze items. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:918–927, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spontaneous reoccurrence of “scooping”, a wild tool-use behaviour, in naïve chimpanzees

Modern human technological culture depends on social learning. A widespread assumption for chimpanzee tool-use cultures is that they, too, are dependent on social learning. However, we provide evidence to suggest that individual learning, rather than social learning, is the driver behind determining the form of these behaviours within and across individuals. Low-fidelity social learning instead merely facilitates the reinnovation of these behaviours, and thus helps homogenise the behaviour across chimpanzees, creating the population-wide patterns observed in the wild (what here we call “socially mediated serial reinnovations”). This is the main prediction of the Zone of Latent Solutions (ZLS) hypothesis. This study directly tested the ZLS hypothesis on algae scooping, a wild chimpanzee tool-use behaviour. We provided naïve chimpanzees (n = 14, Mage = 31.33, SD = 10.09) with ecologically relevant materials of the wild behaviour but, crucially, without revealing any information on the behavioural form required to accomplish this task. This study found that naïve chimpanzees expressed the same behavioural form as their wild counterparts, suggesting that, as the ZLS theory predicts, individual learning is the driver behind the frequency of this behavioural form. As more behaviours are being found to be within chimpanzee’s ZLS, this hypothesis now provides a parsimonious explanation for chimpanzee tool cultures.
Beneficial effects of growth hormone treatment on cognition in children with Prader-Willi syndrome: a randomized controlled trial and longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND Knowledge about the effects of GH treatment on cognitive functioning in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is limited. METHODS Fifty prepubertal children aged 3.5 to 14 yr were studied in a randomized controlled GH trial during 2 yr, followed by a longitudinal study during 4 yr of GH treatment. Cognitive functioning was measured biennially by short forms of the WPPSI-R or WISC-R, depending on age. Total IQ (TIQ) score was estimated based on two subtest scores. RESULTS During the randomized controlled trial, mean sd scores of all subtests and mean TIQ score remained similar compared to baseline in GH-treated children with PWS, whereas in untreated controls mean subtest sd scores and mean TIQ score decreased and became lower compared to baseline. This decline was significant for the Similarities (P = 0.04) and Vocabulary (P = 0.03) subtests. After 4 yr of GH treatment, mean sd scores on the Similarities and Block design subtests were significantly higher than at baseline (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively), and scores on Vocabulary and TIQ remained similar compared to baseline. At baseline, children with a maternal uniparental disomy had a significantly lower score on the Block design subtest (P = 0.01) but a larger increment on this subtest during 4 yr of GH treatment than children with a deletion. Lower baseline scores correlated significantly with higher increases in Similarities (P = 0.04) and Block design (P < 0.0001) sd scores. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that GH treatment prevents deterioration of certain cognitive skills in children with PWS on the short term and significantly improves abstract reasoning and visuospatial skills during 4 yr of GH treatment. Furthermore, children with a greater deficit had more benefit from GH treatment.
Experimental investigation of efficient Ultra Wideband localisation techniques in the indoor environment

This paper presents experimental work on Ultra Wideband indoor positioning in presence of different objects using a compact UWB antenna using time of arrival positioning techniques. Obstacles considered are wooden table, laboratory chair and a solid wooden object. Different objects affect the accuracy in positioning depending upon the shape, size, and material of the objects. Results show that the error is similar in the presence of laboratory chair and wooden object though the material type is different. This is attributed to the fact that the propagation between Base Stations and Mobile Stations are affected due to height of objects and position of the Base Stations which leads to reflections/ multipath. Maximum error of 5 to 6 cm in localisation is achieved in presence of a wooden block which is due to the fact of having height more than the Base Stations and Mobile Station bringing them in non line of sight situation. Minimum error obtained is 1 to 3 cm when no object is present in the area where localisation is taking place.
Virtual study groups: A challenging centerpiece for "working adult" management education

Groups and teams are critical to modern organizations, and consequently management education has incorporated groups as a centerpiece of both content (the study of group process) and process (the use of study groups and group projects). Unfortunately, working-adult educational programs appear to have yet to take an important final step — acknowledging that study groups often interact virtually and then providing support for 132 Northcraft, Griffith, & Fuller Copyright © 2006, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. virtual study group interaction. We provide both theory and data concerning the use of study groups as virtual teams. We believe that there are important benefits to be gained when study groups make educated decisions about the design and process of their virtual interaction.
Genetic Analysis of Strawberry Fruit Aroma and Identification of O-Methyltransferase FaOMT as the Locus Controlling Natural Variation in Mesifurane Content1[C][W][OA]

Improvement of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit flavor is an important goal in breeding programs. To investigate genetic factors controlling this complex trait, a strawberry mapping population derived from genotype ‘1392’, selected for its superior flavor, and ‘232’ was profiled for volatile compounds over 4 years by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. More than 300 volatile compounds were detected, of which 87 were identified by comparison of mass spectrum and retention time to those of pure standards. Parental line ‘1392’ displayed higher volatile levels than ‘232’, and these and many other compounds with similar levels in both parents segregated in the progeny. Cluster analysis grouped the volatiles into distinct chemically related families and revealed a complex metabolic network underlying volatile production in strawberry fruit. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection was carried out over 3 years based on a double pseudo-testcross strategy. Seventy QTLs covering 48 different volatiles were detected, with several of them being stable over time and mapped as major QTLs. Loci controlling γ-decalactone and mesifurane content were mapped as qualitative traits. Using a candidate gene approach we have assigned genes that are likely responsible for several of the QTLs. As a proof of concept we show that one homoeolog of the O-methyltransferase gene (FaOMT) is the locus responsible for the natural variation of mesifurane content. Sequence analysis identified 30 bp in the promoter of this FaOMT homoeolog containing putative binding sites for basic/helix-loop-helix, MYB, and BZIP transcription factors. This polymorphism fully cosegregates with both the presence of mesifurane and the high expression of FaOMT during ripening.
R174 of Escherichia coli FtsZ is involved in membrane interaction and protofilament bundling, and is essential for cell division

We investigated the interaction between FtsZ and the cytoplasmic membrane using inside‐out vesicles. Comparison of the trypsin accessibility of purified FtsZ and cytoplasmic membrane‐bound FtsZ revealed that the protruding loop between helix 6 and helix 7 is protected from trypsin digestion in the latter. This hydrophobic loop contains an arginine residue at position 174. To investigate the role of R174, this residue was replaced by an aspartic acid, and FtsZ‐R174D was fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). FtsZ‐R174D‐GFP could localize in an FtsZ and in an FtsZ84(Ts) background at both the permissive and the non‐permissive temperature, and it had a reduced affinity for the cytoplasmic membrane compared with wild‐type FtsZ. FtsZ‐R174D could also localize in an FtsZ depletion strain. However, in contrast to wild‐type FtsZ, FtsZ‐R174D was not able to complement the ftsZ84 mutation or the depletion strain and induced filamentation. In vitro polymerization experiments showed that FtsZ‐R174D is able to polymerize, but that these polymers cannot form bundles in the presence of 10 mM CaCl2. This is the first description of an FtsZ mutant that has reduced affinity for the cytoplasmic membrane and does not support cell division, but is still able to localize. The mutant is able to form protofilaments in vitro but fails to bundle. It suggests that neither membrane interaction nor bundling is a requirement for initiation of cell division.
Minimizing delays in mobile networks: With dynamic gateway placement and active queue management

This paper presents mechanisms that have the potential for dramatically reducing end-to-end delay in mobile networks. We introduce a simple algorithm for dynamic user plane gateway placement in a mobile network. The proposed algorithm is able to optimize gateway location according to given targets, e.g., path latency or bottleneck link load. We shall also present how active queue management can be used in the backhaul and at the access point per-flow buffers in order to minimize end-to-end delay.
Genetic deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of cyclooxygenase‐1 or ‐2 induces mouse keratinocyte differentiation in vitro and in vivo

Previously we demonstrated that genetic deficiency of the cyclooxygenases (COX‐1 or COX‐2) altered keratinocyte differentiation in mouse skin [Tiano et. al. (2002) Cancer Res. 62, 3395–3401]. In this study, we show that topical application of SC‐560 (a COX‐1 selective inhibitor) or celecoxib (COX‐2 selective) to TPA‐treated wild‐type skin caused fivefold increases in the number of basal keratinocytes expressing the early differentiation marker keratin 1 (K1). In contrast to skin, COX‐2 not COX‐1 was the major isoform expressed in cultured primary keratinocytes. COX‐1 was predominantly expressed in detached, differentiated cells, whereas COX‐2 was found in the attached, proliferating cells. High Ca++ medium induced K1 and COX‐1 in wild‐type keratinocytes but did not change COX‐2 expression. As observed in skin, COX‐1−/− and COX‐2−/− primary keratinocytes expressed fivefold more K1 than wild‐type cells. K1 levels in cultured wild‐type keratinocytes were also increased by treatment with celecoxib and indomethacin. However, unlike its in vivo effect, SC‐560, possibly due to low COX‐1 expression in cultured mouse keratinocytes, did not increase K1 levels. Furthermore, no increases in apoptotic cell numbers were observed in COX‐deficient keratinocytes or COX‐inhibitor treated wild‐type cells. Thus, a major effect of COX inhibitors and COX‐deficiency is the induction of keratinocyte differentiation.
User profile extraction from Twitter for personalized news recommendation

Extracting personal profiles from various sources such as purchased items, watched movies, mailing records, etc. is important for recommender systems. For personalized news recommendation, in particular, existing methods mostly utilize information obtainable from the news articles read by the users such as titles, texts, and click-through data. This paper aims to investigate a different method to build personal profiles using the information obtained from Twitter to provide personalized news recommendation service. For a Twitter user, our method utilizes tweets, re-tweets, and hashtags, from which important keywords are extracted to build the personal profile. The usefulness of this method is validated by implementing a prototype news recommendation service and by performing a user study. Using a simple cosine similarity measure, we compare the differences among the user profiles, and also among the recommended news lists, in order to check the discriminative power of the proposed method. The prediction accuracy of news recommendation is measured against a small group of users.
A New data coding method for wireless command transmission BPSK modulator in implantable neural signal acquisition system

In wireless implantable neural signal acquisition system, the transmitting of the configuration data to the internal module needs high reliability. Therefore, differential coding is often used in this data transmitting system. However, it requires highly reliable clock synchronization between the internal and external system, leading to the design extremely difficult. To solve this problem, a new data encoding method based on pulse width modulation is presented in this paper to make the internal and external modules can work at asynchronous system clocks with a clock detector designed to make the internal device fit the different clock frequencies. The new coding method is shown to be successful by a board circuit system and the testing results.
gsdf is a downstream gene of dmrt1 that functions in the male sex determination pathway of the Nile tilapia

Gonadal soma‐derived factor (gsdf) is critical for testicular differentiation in teleosts, yet detailed analysis of Gsdf on testicular differentiation is lacking. In the present study, we knocked out tilapia gsdf using CRISPR/Cas9. F0 gsdf‐deficient XY fish with high mutation rate (≥58%) developed as intersex, with ovotestes 90 days after hatching (dah), and become completely sex‐reversed with ovaries at 180 and 240 dah. Those individuals with a low mutation rate (<58%) and XY gsdf+/− fish developed as males with normal testes. In F2 XY gsdf−/− fish, the gonads first expressed Dmrt1, which initiated the male pathway at 10 dah, then both male and female pathways were activated, as reflected by the simultaneous expression of Dmrt1 and Cyp19a1a in different cell populations at 18 dah, shifted to the female pathway expressing only Cyp19a1a at 36 dah, and finally developed into functional ovaries as adults. The male pathway and Dmrt1 expression was initiated, but failed to be maintained, in the absence of Gsdf. Aromatase‐inhibitor treatment from 10 to 35 dah, however, rescued the phenotype, resulting in XY gsdf−/− with normal testes that expressed Dmrt1 and Cyp11b2. In vitro promoter analyses demonstrated that Dmrt1 activated gsdf expression in a dose‐dependent manner in the presence of Sf1, even though Dmrt1 alone could not. Taken together, our results demonstrated that gsdf is a downstream gene of dmrt1. Gsdf probably inhibits estrogen production to trigger testicular differentiation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 497–508, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.