Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Diamond on the Thermal Conductivities of Diamond-Copper Composites Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

Diamond-copper composites are fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The effects of particle size, original properties and coatings of diamond on the thermal conductivity (TC) of diamond-copper composites have been investigated, respectively. The results indicate that thermal conductivity of composites enhances with an increase in particle size and original properties of diamond. Composites with Cr, Ti or Ni coatings on diamond surface appear remarkably higher TC than that which without any coatings. The improvements of TC of diamond/copper composites are mainly due to the large particle size diamond decreasing the interfacial area in composites, the high original properties diamond possessing higher original TC, and coatings on diamond surface declining the interfacial thermal resistance and improving the wetting properties between diamond and copper.
Diachronic linked data: towards long-term preservation of structured interrelated information

The Linked Data Paradigm is a promising technology for publishing, sharing, and connecting data on the Web, which provides new perspectives for data integration and interoperability. However, the proliferation of distributed, interconnected linked data sources on the Web poses significant new challenges for consistently managing the vast number of potentially large datasets and their interdependencies. In this article we focus on the key problem of preserving evolving structured interlinked data. We argue that a number of issues, which hinder applications and users, are related to the temporal aspect that is intrinsic in Linked Data. We present three use cases to motivate our approach, we discuss problems that occur, and propose a direction for a solution.
Magnetic Nanoparticles-Based Biomedical and Bioanalytical Applications

Volume 4 • Issue 2 • 1000e130 J Nanomed Nanotechol ISSN: 2157-7439 JNMNT, an open access journal Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are typically 1-100 nm in diameter and consist of magnetic elements (such as iron, cobalt, nickel and their compounds). The past decade has witnessed tremendous applications of MNP in biomedicine and bioanalytical sciences [1-15] as they can be manipulated by magnetic field. The most prominent applications are the treatment of cancer [1], drug delivery [3-5], magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [3,6,7], magnetic assays [8,15] and theragnostics [9]. They have the unique ability to turn on and off their magnetic properties depending on temperature, which provides a great analytical tool for effective cancer therapy. Moreover, they display remarkable properties such as superparamagnetism, high field irreversibility and high saturation magnetization.
Port based software architecture and its analysis

Software architecture forms a bridge between requirements and code. In this paper, by defining port operations, we use port activities to describe component-based software architectures. We can get the following benefits: 1) The representation of an architecture with the proposed formulism is simpler comparing with those by other ADLs. 2) An architecture is a semigroup to the component operations: composing and nesting. This result may be used to check the consistence and adaptability of two architectures. 3) The port expressions can be easily mapped to Petri net, so that the port-based process can be checked through the analysis of the Petri nets.
Personalized tag recommendation for Flickr users

Social image share websites such as Flickr allow users to manually annotate their images with their own words, which can be used to facilitating image retrieval and other image applications. For the vast number of online images contributed by social users, existing methods on tag recommendation haven't taken users' characteristics and tagging habits into consideration. In this paper, we propose a personalized tag recommendation system for Flickr users. It can recommend users personalized tags for their newly uploaded photos based on the history information in their social communities. We carry out the personalized tag recommendation from three aspects. First, the tags we recommend to users are users' own vocabularies. Second, different recommendation methods are implemented to different users. Third, different users are recommended with different number of tags based on their tagging habits. The experimental results indicate that our personalized tag recommendation is effective.
Combined MMSE-PIC in coded OFDM-CDMA systems

The performance of linear multiuser detection (MUD) and nonlinear parallel interference cancellation (PIC) is analyzed for a quasi synchronous OFDM-CDMA uplink transmission. Specifically, we investigate two different approaches concerning the combination of linear MUD techniques such as the decorrelator and the MMSE approach with nonlinear parallel interference cancellation (PIC). It is pointed out that OFDM-CDMA systems offer great advantages over single carrier systems due to flat fading conditions on each subcarrier leading to much lower implementation costs of MUD techniques. Assuming perfectly known channel impulse responses for each user and a rough synchronization, it turns out that the application of the MMSE-MUD filter leads to an insufficient equalization of the channel. Therefore, we propose an approach where the PIC loop works directly on the channel output and the MMSE filter is only active in the initial iteration loop. With this approach, the combination of linear MMSE-MUD and PIC shows excellent performance even for very high system loads.
MicroRNA Profiling Identifies miR-29 as a Regulator of Disease-associated Pathways in Experimental Biliary Atresia

ABSTRACT Biliary atresia (BA) is a pediatric liver disease of unknown underlying etiology, in which fibroinflammatory destruction of the extrahepatic biliary system leads to obstructive cholestasis. MicroRNAs are a class of short (18–23 nucleotide), noncoding RNA molecules, which act as negative regulators of target mRNA stability and translation. The importance of these molecules in normal and diseased liver has been demonstrated, but their potential role in the pathogenesis of BA has not been addressed. We have profiled changes in liver microRNA levels in an established mouse model of the disease, identified significantly altered transcripts, and defined the spatial expression patterns of selected microRNAs. Two of these, miR-29a/29b1, are upregulated in experimental BA. Using antisense oligonucleotide-mediated inhibition in mice, we have delineated the full set of hepatic genes regulated by miR-29 and identified 2 mRNA targets of potential pathological relevance in experimental BA, Igf1 and Il1RAP. We have used reporter assays to confirm that Igf1 and Il1RAP are direct targets of miR-29.
Marine reserve recovery rates towards a baseline are slower for reef fish community life histories than biomass

Ecological baselines are disappearing and it is uncertain how marine reserves, here called fisheries closures, simulate pristine communities. We tested the influence of fisheries closure age, size and compliance on recovery of community biomass and life-history metrics towards a baseline. We used census data from 324 coral reefs, including 41 protected areas ranging between 1 and 45 years of age and 0.28 and 1430 km2, and 36 sites in a remote baseline, the Chagos Archipelago. Fish community-level life histories changed towards larger and later maturing fauna with increasing closure age, size and compliance. In high compliance closures, community biomass levelled at approximately 20 years and 10 km2 but was still only at approximately 30% of the baseline and community growth rates were projected to slowly decline for more than 100 years. In low compliance and young closures, biomass levelled at half the value and time as high compliance closures and life-history metrics were not predicted to reach the baseline. Biomass does not adequately reflect the long-time scales for full recovery of life-history characteristics, with implications for coral reef management.
Genetic and epigenetic associations of circadian gene TIMELESS and breast cancer risk

Results from recent molecular epidemiologic studies suggest that the core circadian genes play a role in breast tumorigenesis, possibly by influencing hormone regulation or other pathways relevant to cancer. In order to further evaluate this hypothesis, we conducted a genetic and epigenetic association study of the circadian regulator TIMELESS in breast carcinogenesis. We detected significant associations between two tagging SNPs (rs2291738 and rs7302060) in the TIMELESS gene and breast cancer among 441 breast cancer cases and 479 cancer‐free controls, with apparent effect modification by ER/PR status. The presence of the C allele of rs7302060 was found to be associated with reduced breast cancer risk (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.54–0.99). In addition, both the G/G genotype of rs2291738 and the C/C genotype of rs7302060 were associated with reduced risk of breast cancer among ER‐ or PR‐positive breast cancer cases (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22–0.97 and OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.17–0.78, respectively). We also observed a significant association between stage II, III, and IV breast cancers and TIMELESS promoter hypomethylation in peripheral blood lymphocytes (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13–0.96) in 80 breast cancer cases and 80 age‐matched controls, which is corroborated by documented overexpression of TIMELESS in breast tumor tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue. Our findings support the hypothesized role of circadian genes in breast tumorigenesis, and identify a set of circadian biomarkers for breast cancer susceptibility. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First-Trimester Fasting Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

OBJECTIVE The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study found strong associations between higher levels of maternal glucose at 24–32 weeks, within what is currently considered normoglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate the associations between first-trimester fasting plasma glucose level and adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Charts of all patients who delivered at our hospital between June 2001 and June 2006 were reviewed. Only subjects with singleton pregnancy and a recorded first-trimester fasting glucose level were included. Women with pregestational diabetes, fasting glucose level >105 mg/dl, or delivery <24 weeks were excluded. Fasting glucose levels were analyzed in seven categories, similar to the HAPO study. The main outcomes were development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates and/or macrosomia, and primary cesarean section. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used; significance was <0.05. RESULTS A total of 6,129 women had a fasting glucose test at median of 9.5 weeks. There were strong, graded associations between fasting glucose level and primary outcomes. The frequency of GDM development increased from 1.0% in the lowest glucose category to 11.7% in the highest (adjusted odds ratio 11.92 [95% CI 5.39–26.37]). The frequency of LGA neonates and/or macrosomia increased from 7.9 to 19.4% (2.82 [1.67–4.76]). Primary cesarean section rate increased from 12.7 to 20.0% (1.94 [1.11–3.41]). CONCLUSIONS Higher first-trimester fasting glucose levels, within what is currently considered a nondiabetic range, increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Early detection and treatment of women at high risk for these complications might improve pregnancy outcome.
GPU-accelerated ray casting of node-based implicits

where K(x, xi) is a strictly monotonic decreasing kernel. Today’s most popular techniques for visualizing these surfaces are either tessellation or surfel based approaches, both of which rely on generating an intermediate representation. This is both memory and compute intensive. An alternative approach for visualizing node-based implicit surfaces is ray casting or ray tracing [Blinn 1982]. However, the large computational costs of ray based visualization have traditionally prevented its use in real-time rendering. Commodity graphics hardware provides significant computing power but employing this hardware efficiently can be difficult due to architectural constraints. It has been demonstrated previously that ray casting of implicit surfaces can be performed efficiently on current GPUs. Our contribution is the rendering of node-based implicit surfaces, often referred to as blobbies. Our technique performs the ray-surface intersection tests in the fragment shader on a set of candidate rays. The set is determined by rasterizing the convex hull of the surface. It is therefore usually significantly smaller than the set of all eye rays. However, in most cases the convex hull of the density field cannot be determined a priori; it is possible only for certain applications such as Lagrangian simulations with a proximity constraint on the nodes. We propose a more general and rigorous approach to limit the domain of the surface field. Instead of SF , an alternative field function ŜF is used,
Composable power management with energy and power budgets per application

Embedded Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) commonly run multiple applications at once. These applications may have different time criticalities, i.e. non real-time, soft real-time, and firm or hard real-time. Application-level composability is used to provide each application with its own virtual platform, such that each application may be developed, verified, and executed independently, given its virtual platform specification. Composability of functional and temporal properties has been demonstrated in previous work. In this paper, we extend composability to include power management, where each application can manage its energy usage independently. Each application receives an independent energy and/or power budget, which it can manage as it sees fit, with its own application-specific power-management policy. Time, energy, and power budgets allocated to each application ensure that its power-management policy cannot cause any interference to the functional, timing, and power behaviours of other applications. We implement our technique on an existing composable and predictable hardware platform (CompSoC), and extend its Real-Time Operating System (OS) with a power-management infrastructure. Applications use a power-management API to communicate with the OS that implements time, energy, and power budgets. We demonstrate the applicability of our techniques by running several concurrent applications with their own power managers on an FPGA prototype.
Plasticity and recovery of skeletal muscle satellite cells during limb regeneration

Salamander limb regeneration depends on local progenitors whose progeny are recruited to the new limb. We previously identified a Pax7+ cell population in skeletal muscle whose progeny have the potential to contribute to the regenerating limb. However, the plasticity of individual Pax7+ cells, as well as their recovery within the new limb, was unclear. Here, we show that Pax7+ cells remain present after multiple rounds of limb amputation/regeneration. Pax7+ cells are found exclusively within skeletal muscle in the regenerating limb and proliferate where the myofibers are growing. Pax7 is rapidly down‐regulated in the blastema, and analyses of clonal derivatives show that Pax7+ cell progeny are not restricted to skeletal muscle during limb regeneration. Our data suggest that the newt regeneration blastema is not entirely a composite of lineage‐restricted progenitors. The results demonstrate that except for a transient and subsequently blunted increase, skeletal muscle satellite cells constitute a stable pool of reserve cells for multiple limb regeneration events. —Morrison, J. I. , Borg, P., Simon, A. Plasticity and recovery of skeletal muscle satellite cells during limb regeneration. FASEB J. 24, 750–756 (2010). www.fasebj. org
Dissecting the dissectors: Knowledge, attitude, and practice of body bequests by Nigerian anatomists

Anatomy education in most African countries is limited by an insufficient number of cadavers for students to undertake dissection. This already significant shortage is exacerbated by an increasing number of medical schools and students. Virtual dissections are impractical in alleviating such a shortfall in African anatomy education, and further cadaver supply is challenged by unethical and dubious sources. This study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of whole body and organ donation by Nigerian anatomists with the aim of finding solutions to the problems associated with the availability of cadavers in Nigerian medical schools. Out of 46 anatomists that participated in the survey, only 23.9% would consider donating their whole bodies and 60.9% their organs. More than 95% of respondents did not believe that body bequests could become the sole source of cadavers for anatomic dissection in Nigeria. Age and gender were not statistically significant in the choice of being a body or organ donor. The unacceptability to one's family members regarding body donation was the major reason for respondents' unwillingness to make a whole body donation. None of the 14 medical schools sampled in this study have yet instituted a body registration and donation program. The anatomists showed a high level of knowledge and awareness of body bequest programs, which were not reflected by their attitudes and practice. The authors recommend proactive measures aimed at improving the perception and attitudes of Nigerian anatomists. Anat Sci Educ. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
Change in albumin measurement method affects diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome.

BACKGROUND Although serum albumin levels (sALB) have been quantified by the dye-binding method with bro- mocresol green (BCG) or bromocresol purple (BCP) on a routine basis, accurate measurement of sALB with these methods is difficult. The modified BCP method is highly specific to albumin without being affected by sample preservation to enable stable and accurate quantification of albumin concentrations. A change in the albumin measurement method may alter the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. METHODS sALB was measured in 295 patients including 98 patients with chronic renal disease by the modified BCP method, BCG method, and immunonephelometry as the gold standard. RESULTS sALB measured by the modified BCP method was well correlated with levels measured by immunonephelometry. sALB obtained by the BCG method was significantly higher than the levels measured by the modified BCP method (p < 0.001, Student's t-test). This tendency was more evident in patients with chronic renal disease than other patients. When the threshold value of sALB for the diagnosis criteria of nephrotic syndrome (≤ 25 g/L) and a high risk of thrombosis (≤ 20 g/L) in nephrotic syndrome was based on the BCG method, the revised criteria in the modified BCP method would be ≤ 20.5 and ≤ 14.9 g/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Overestimation of sALB by the BCG method affected diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. The method by which sALB is measured should be specified in both clinical and research settings in nephrology.
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism due to Novel FGFR1 Mutations

Objective: The underlying genetic etiology of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is heterogeneous. Fibroblast growth factor signaling is pivotal in the ontogeny of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. Loss-of-function mutations in FGFR1 gene cause variable HH phenotypes encompassing pubertal delay to idiopathic HH (IHH) or Kallmann syndrome (KS). As FGFR1 mutations are common, recognizing mutations and associated phenotypes may enhance clinical management. Methods: Using a candidate gene approach, we screened 52 IHH/KS patients. Results: We identified three novel (IVS3-1G>C and p.W2X, p.R209C) FGFR1 gene mutations. Despite predictive null protein function, patients from the novel mutation families had normosmic IHH without non-reproductive phenotype. Conclusion: These findings further emphasize the great variability of FGFR1 mutation phenotypes in IHH/KS.
Segmentation masks for real-time traffic sign recognition using weighted HOG-based trees

Traffic sign recognition is one of the main components of a Driver Assistance System (DAS). This paper presents a real-time traffic detection and classification approach of both circular and triangular signs. The system consists of three stages: 1) an image segmentation to reduce the search space, 2) a HOG-based Support Vector Machine (SVM) detection to extract both round and triangular traffic signs, and 3) a tree classifier (K-d tree or Random Forests) to identify the signs found. The methodology is tested on images under bad weather conditions and poor illumination. The image segmentation based on the enhancement of the red color channel improves the detection precision significantly achieving high recall rates and only a few false alarms. The tree classifiers also achieve high classification rates.
Quantum information in cavity quantum electrodynamics: logical gates, entanglement engineering and ‘Schrödinger–cat states’

In cavity–quantum–electrodynamics experiments, two–level Rydberg atoms and single–photon microwave fields can be seen as qubits. Quantum gates based on resonant and dispersive atom–field effects have been realized, which implement various kinds of conditional dynamics between these qubits. We have also studied the interaction between a single atom and coherent fields stored in the cavity. By progressively increasing the number of photons in these fields, we have explored various aspects of the quantum–classical boundary. We have realized a complementarity experiment demonstrating the continuous evolution of an apparatus from a quantum to a classical behaviour. We have also prepared ‘Schrödinger–cat’–like states of the field made of a few photons, and observed their decoherence. We present a brief review of these experiments along with a proposal to study larger systems, i.e. coherent fields with more photons. Fundamental limits to the size of mesoscopic superpositions of field states in a cavity will be briefly discussed.
APPROACHES TO GEOMETRIC DATA ANALYSIS ON BIG AREA ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED ( BAAM ) PARTS

The promise of additive manufacturing is that a user can design and print complex geometries that are very difficult, if not impossible, to machine. The capabilities of 3D printing are restricted by a number of factors, including properties of the build material, time constraints, and geometric design restrictions. In this paper, a thorough accounting and study of the geometric restrictions that exist in the current iteration of additive manufacturing (AM) fused deposition modeling (FDM) technologies on a large scale are discussed. Offline and online methodologies for collecting data sets for qualitative analysis of large scale AM, in particular Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s (ORNL) big area additive manufacturing (BAAM) system, are summarized. In doing so, a survey of tools for designers and software developers is provided. In particular, strategies in which geometric data can be used as training sets for smarter AM technologies in the future are explained.