Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Theory of Planned Behavior: Some Measurement Issues Concerning Belief-Based Variables

The theory of planned behavior presents clear operational definitions of attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and each of their corresponding belief-based measures. Theoretically, the direct and indirect measures of a given construct must be closely correlated. Empirical results, however, indicate that this is not always the case. In the present study, 2 of the factors that could be responsible for this situation-namely, the scaling of the variables defining each belief-based construct and the adequacy of using an expectancy-value model within the belief-based measures-were verified among a data set of 16 studies concerned with the application of the theory of planned behavior to the field of health. The results indicate that the scaling method used affected the correlation coefficients between indirect and direct measures. However, the face validity of these scaling methods must be demonstrated. The results also support the idea that, in most cases, using the expectancy-value model is no better than using only one arm of the belief-based measure.
Trends and Issues in the Deinstitutionalization of Youths in Trouble

Instead of focusing exclusively on status offenders, or on youths adjudicated by a juvenile court, this paper summarizes trends and issues related to the differential institutional handling of all youths who are in trouble with the law of their jurisdiction, or who could be if the enforce ment and judicial systems took official note of their behavior. Three cate gories of institutional handling of juveniles, usually treated separately, are discussed: juvenile correction, child welfare, and mental health. There have been significant reductions in long-term correctional handling of youths in trouble, but there have also been offsetting changes in the use of private correctional facilities, residential treatment institutions associated with child welfare, and psychiatric units of general and state hospitals. Seven factors contributing to the emergence of new modes of in stitutional handling are discussed: (1) shift in the balance between the public and private sectors, (2) increase in voluntary commitments, (3) permissive mixing of official and diagnostic labels, (4) transfer of legal responsibility, (5) redefinition of "acting out" behaviors, (6) increased use of mental health terminology and facilities, and (7) use of federal funds as an incentive to subsidize noncorrectional placements. The policy implications of empirical findings, particularly in regard to status offenders, are discussed in the concluding sections.
Improving Order Picking Efficiency with the Use of Cross Aisles and Storage Policies

Order picking operations need to efficiently process orders in today’s competitive environment. Previous research generally assumed on even placement of the cross aisles. This research examines the placement of cross aisles in order picking operations and its effect on various storage policies. While previous research has primarily examined cross aisles and storage policies separately, this research looks at them simultaneously. The results showed no difference between even and uneven placement of cross aisles and that within-aisle storage is better than across-aisle and random storage. The results also showed that within-aisle storage provides greater travel distance savings than the use of cross aisles.
The effects of visual priming on information processing in child sexual offenders

Abstract Child sexual offenders are hypothesized to hold offence-supportive beliefs that set them apart from others. The current study seeks support for this view via a cognitive-experimental approach. Child sexual offenders and offender controls were exposed to pictures of semi-clothed children (priming condition) or clothed, mature adults (control condition). Participants then read ambiguous sentences describing children's actions that could be interpreted in a sexualized manner. Next, participants completed a surprise recognition test in which half the sentences were re-presented in an unambiguously sexual form, and half in an unambiguously non-sexual form. Contrary to hypotheses, primed and/or control child sexual offenders did not show a memory bias for sexualized sentences, suggesting that they did not interpret the original sentences in line with offence-supportive beliefs. Results raise questions about whether child sexual offenders universally hold abnormal beliefs that facilitate their offending. Results also highlight the need for further experimental research within this field.
Political cleavages in Serbia: changes and continuities in structuring left–right orientations

This study examines the structuring of political attitudes in Serbia through the framework of the left–right schema. Using data from public opinion surveys taken during the 1990s and early 2000s, the impact of socio‐demographic variables, economic interests, democratic support, social values, and nationalistic sentiments on respondents’ left–right orientations is analysed, as well as the relationship between left–right placements and support for individual political parties. Results show that in addition to age and religiosity, evaluation of communist rule and satisfaction with the state of democratic development form the main axis of contestation, while there is little evidence for economic, authoritarian–libertarian, or nationalist cleavages.
Negotiating Skills Training: The 8-Step Approach

managers, particularly those managers whose companies were facing unionisation for the first time. This need was reflected somewhat in the emphasis on industrial sociology in the formal lectures which were included in the original programme, along with contributions on industrial legislation and trade unionism. Over the years the course has developed considerably as its focus has sharpened on to the skills of negotiating and away from the policy issues of industrial relations. But these skills are firmly set in an industrial relations environment a companion course in commercial negotiating skills is set in a commercially competitive environment. This is important for immediate credibility. Attempts to train negotiators through abstract and artificial issues (such as room changes and cups of tea) cannot meet the needs of managers who are sent on the courses unless
Robust Manifold Matrix Factorization for Joint Clustering and Feature Extraction

Low-rank matrix approximation has been widely used for data subspace clustering and feature representation in many computer vision and pattern recognition applications. However, in order to enhance the discriminability, most of the matrix approximation based feature extraction algorithms usually generate the cluster labels by certain clustering algorithm (e.g., the kmeans) and then perform the matrix approximation guided by such label information. In addition, the noises and outliers in the dataset with large reconstruction errors will easily dominate the objective function by the conventional ℓ2-norm based squared residue minimization. In this paper, we propose a novel clustering and feature extraction algorithm based on an unified low-rank matrix factorization framework, which suggests that the observed data matrix can be approximated by the production of projection matrix and low dimensional representation, among which the low-dimensional representation can be approximated by the cluster indicator and latent feature matrix simultaneously. Furthermore, we have proposed using the ℓ2,1-norm and integrating the manifold regularization to further promote the proposed model. A novel Augmented Lagrangian Method (ALM) based procedure is designed to effectively and efficiently seek the optimal solution of the problem. The experimental results in both clustering and feature extraction perspectives demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method.
Prophylactic Dressing Application to Reduce Pressure Ulcer Formation in Cardiac Surgery Patients

PURPOSE: The study was designed to determine if application of a self-adherent silicone border foam dressing would reduce pressure ulcer incidence when compared to standard preventive interventions among patients managed in a cardiac surgery intensive care unit (CSICU). SUBJECTS AND SETTING: One hundred consecutive patients in the CSICU at Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center in Richmond participated in the study. Fifteen were subsequently excluded due to incomplete data or failure to remain in the CSICU for at least 48 hours. Of the 100 subjects consecutively enrolled, 56 subjects were assigned to the intervention group with attrition of 6 subjects (6/56), and 39 were assigned to the standard care comparison group with attrition of 4 subjects (4/39). Five study forms were lost and the group assignment of those subjects is unknown. METHODS: Patients admitted to the CSICU were assigned to either standard treatment or an intervention group consisting of standard preventive care plus application of the silicone border foam dressing. The assignment of subjects to these groups was done in a nonrandom manner, via prestudy room designation (7 intervention rooms/7 standard practice rooms) and room availability on call from the operating room. The charge nurse and bed management staff were unaware of room designation, and staff did not know which group the subjects were assigned to until they admitted the patient and opened the bedside chart that indicated group assignment. Twenty-one covariates were compared between the 2 groups. A Cox proportional hazards model was computed to compare the hazard (risk per unit time) of developing a pressure ulcer between these groups. Propensity score covariate adjustment was performed to adjust for any imbalance between the groups. RESULTS: Nine pressure ulcers developed during the course of the study. Eight pressure ulcers developed in 4 out of 35 patients who received standard preventive care; 5 were classified as suspected deep tissue injuries and 3 were classified as stage II pressure ulcers. One pressure ulcer developed in 1 out of 50 patients in the intervention group; it was classified as suspected deep tissue injury. No statistically significant difference in any covariate was found between the groups (all P > .058). The group that received standard care had a hazard ratio of 3.6 in relation to the intervention group, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = .3). CONCLUSION: Pressure ulcer incidence was lower than anticipated over the study period for both groups. No statistically significant difference in pressure ulcer incidence between the intervention and control groups was found. A randomized controlled trial based on a power analysis is needed to more precisely determine the efficacy of a silicone border foam dressing for prevention of pressure ulcers in the intensive care unit.
Isolation and Identification of the Antimicrobial Agent Beauvericin from the Endophytic Fusarium oxysporum 5-19 with NMR and ESI-MS/MS

Endophytic microbe has been proved to be one of rich sources of bioactive natural products with potential application for new drug and pesticide discovery. One cyclodepsipeptide, beauvericin, was firstly isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusarium oxysporum 5-19 endophytic on Edgeworthia chrysantha Linn. Its chemical structure was unambiguously identified by a combination of spectroscopic methods, such as HRESI-MS and 1H and 13C NMR. ESI-MS/MS was successfully used to elucidate the splitting decomposition route of the positive molecule ion of beauvericin. Antimicrobial results showed that this cyclodepsipeptide had inhibitory effect on three human pathogenic microbes, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. In particular, beauvericin exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with MIC values of 3.91 μM, which had similar effect with that of the positive control amoxicillin.
Health‐seeking behaviour for child illness in Guatemala

Summary Relying on data from the 1995 Guatemalan Survey of Family Health (EGSF), we analyse the relationship between child illness and health‐seeking behaviour. Information on illness was collected for 3193 children. This analysis is based on 870 of these who became ill with diarrhoeal or respiratory disease during a 13‐day period prior to interview. Estimates are derived from logistic models of the probability of seeing any or a specific type of health care provider as a function of characteristics of the illness on a given day and the child. The results indicate that modern medical care plays a major role in the treatment of infectious illness among children in rural Guatemala, with visits to pharmacists, doctors and the staff at government health facilities occurring much more frequently than visits to curers and other traditional practitioners. In general, families are much more likely to seek out a health care provider when a child experiences fever and gastrointestinal symptoms than when suffering from respiratory and other symptoms, and when a mother perceives the illness to be serious. The results also indicate that infants, low parity children, and children assessed as having generally been in good health are more likely to visit health care providers than other children. However, the particular associations often vary by type of health care provider.
History‐of‐management‐thought about social responsibility

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine the development of the social responsibility (SR) of business concept and related management philosophies through the history‐of‐management‐thought perspective.Design/methodology/approach – The history‐of‐management‐thought approach to social responsibility (SR) is grounded in the paradigm of continuing progress exemplified by the contributions of great management thinkers (e.g. Fayol, Taylor, Follett, Barnard). A historical evolution of the SR concept is provided, together with tracing the development of stakeholder theory in its attempt to depict the relationship between stakeholder management and SR.Findings – Three management philosophies (recognition of the external environment, a need for collaboration, and a need for a shared understanding) emerge from both classical and modern management thinkers. Recent conceptualizations have added depth by clarifying the meaning of social responsibility and in addition, detailing the nature of firm‐stakeholder relat.
The chronic disease concept of addiction: Helpful or harmful?

Abstract In contemporary culture, socially deviant behaviour is increasingly being conceptualised as the result of a disease; most salient perhaps, in regards to addiction. This chronic disease model of alcoholism has its roots in early assumptions that have recently been discredited or at least challenged. This study employs an experimental method to examine whether telling individuals with a mild to moderate alcohol addiction that they have a chronic brain disease influences their perceptions of addiction-related agency as well as their feelings of shame and stigma. Participants, recruited online, were randomly assigned to internalise statements promoting (a) a disease model of addiction, (b) a psychosocial model or (c) a neutral control condition; they then completed several indices of agency in relation to drinking, as well as measures of stigma and shame. Participants who internalised the disease model of addiction tended to have weaker perceptions of drinking self-efficacy, whereas internalising psychosocial model beliefs tended to induce a stronger internal locus of control and weaker entitisation of addiction. Both the disease and the psychosocial conditions increased, in comparable amounts, feelings of stigma and shame relative to the control condition. This study provides empirical support to the notion that framing addiction within a biological conceptualisation, as opposed to a psychological and social framework, weakens perceptions of agency in relation to drinking. Likewise, no evidence was found to support the common assertion that the disease model reduces feelings of stigma and shame.
A conceptual model of factors affecting e-learning adoption

Internet-based learning systems are being used in many universities and firms but their adoption requires a solid understanding of the user acceptance processes. The technology acceptance model (TAM) has been used to test the acceptance of various technologies and software within an e-learning context. This research aims to discuss the main factors of a successful e-learning adoption by students. A conceptual research framework of e-learning adoption is proposed based on the TAM model.
Population and geographic range dynamics: implications for conservation planning

Continuing downward trends in the population sizes of many species, in the conservation status of threatened species, and in the quality, extent and connectedness of habitats are of increasing concern. Identifying the attributes of declining populations will help predict how biodiversity will be impacted and guide conservation actions. However, the drivers of biodiversity declines have changed over time and average trends in abundance or distributional change hide significant variation among species. While some populations are declining rapidly, the majority remain relatively stable and others are increasing. Here we dissect out some of the changing drivers of population and geographic range change, and identify biological and geographical correlates of winners and losers in two large datasets covering local population sizes of vertebrates since 1970 and the distributions of Galliform birds over the last two centuries. We find weak evidence for ecological and biological traits being predictors of local decline in range or abundance, but stronger evidence for the role of local anthropogenic threats and environmental change. An improved understanding of the dynamics of threat processes and how they may affect different species will help to guide better conservation planning in a continuously changing world.
Molecular Diversity of K+ Channels

ABSTRACT: K+ channel principal subunits are by far the largest and most diverse of the ion channels. This diversity originates partly from the large number of genes coding for K+ channel principal subunits, but also from other processes such as alternative splicing, generating multiple mRNA transcripts from a single gene, heteromeric assembly of different principal subunits, as well as possible RNA editing and posttranslational modifications. In this chapter, we attempt to give an overview (mostly in tabular format) of the different genes coding for K+ channel principal and accessory subunits and their genealogical relationships. We discuss the possible correlation of different principal subunits with native K+ channels, the biophysical and pharmacological properties of channels formed when principal subunits are expressed in heterologous expression systems, and their patterns of tissue expression. In addition, we devote a section to describing how diversity of K+ channels can be conferred by heteromultimer formation, accessory subunits, alternative splicing, RNA editing and posttranslational modifications. We trust that this collection of facts will be of use to those attempting to compare the properties of new subunits to the properties of others already known or to those interested in a comparison between native channels and cloned candidates.
Complications of Microsurgery of Vestibular Schwannoma

Background. The aim of this study was to analyze complications of vestibular schwannoma (VS) microsurgery. Material and Methods. A retrospective study was performed in 333 patients with unilateral vestibular schwannoma indicated for surgical treatment between January 1997 and December 2012. Postoperative complications were assessed immediately after VS surgery as well as during outpatient followup. Results. In all 333 patients microsurgical vestibular schwannoma (Koos grade 1: 12, grade 2: 34, grade 3: 62, and grade 4: 225) removal was performed. The main neurological complication was facial nerve dysfunction. The intermediate and poor function (HB III–VI) was observed in 124 cases (45%) immediately after surgery and in 104 cases (33%) on the last followup. We encountered disordered vestibular compensation in 13%, permanent trigeminal nerve dysfunction in 1%, and transient lower cranial nerves (IX–XI) deficit in 6%. Nonneurological complications included CSF leakage in 63% (lateral/medial variant: 99/1%), headache in 9%, and intracerebral hemorrhage in 5%. We did not encounter any case of meningitis. Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that despite the benefits of advanced high-tech equipment, refined microsurgical instruments, and highly developed neuroimaging technologies, there are still various and significant complications associated with vestibular schwannomas microsurgery.
A common ancestor for human placental 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, Streptomyces coelicolor actIII protein, and Drosophila melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase

A computer‐based comparison of the amino acid sequences of human placental 17β ‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and Streptomyces coelicolor actIII protein, which is important in the synthesis of the antibiotic actinorhodin, gives an alignment score 12.15 standard deviations higher than that of 1000 comparisons of randomized sequences of these proteins. The probability of getting this score by chance is 3 × 10−34. Comparison of actIII protein with Drosophila melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase yields a score of 10.3 standard deviations (P = 3.5 × 10−25). Based on these similarities, we propose that 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, actIII protein, and Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase are derived from a common ancestor. —Baker, M. E. A common ancestor for human placental 17β‐hydroxy‐steroid dehydrogenase, Streptomyces coelicolor actIII protein, and Drosophilia melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase. FASEB J. 4: 222‐226; 1990.
Applying Temporal Abstraction in Clinical Databases

Temporal abstraction (TA) methods aim to extract more meaningful data from raw temporal data. The use of temporal abstraction is important for decision support applications in clinical domains which consume abstract concepts, while clinical databases usually contain primitive concepts. In this paper we propose a new approach for TA from temporal clinical databases: using inference graph, an extension of transition graph, as an implementation technique of a knowledge-based temporal abstraction system. We also describe a system, TDM, that integrates temporal data maintenance and temporal abstraction in a single architecture. TDM allows clinicians to use SQL-like temporal queries to retrieve both raw, time-oriented data and generated summaries of those data. The TDM system has been implemented and applied in monitoring the treatment of patients who have colorectal cancer.
NAADP and the two-pore channel protein 1 participate in the acrosome reaction in mammalian spermatozoa

A TPCN1 gene–deficient mouse strain is used to show that two convergent working NAADP-dependent pathways with nonoverlapping activation and self-inactivation profiles for distinct NAADP concentrations drive acrosomal exocytosis, by which TPC1 is central for the pathway activated by low-micromolar NAADP concentrations.