Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptation and validation of a questionnaire about risk behaviors for AIDS among drug users

Objetivos: Iniciar o processo de validacao da versao brasileira de um instrumento americano de coleta de dados auto-aplicavel denominado CRA (Comportamentos de Risco para Aids), que cobre aspectos relativos a uso de drogas, testagem para HIV, comportamento sexual e preocupacao com a transmissao do virus. O instrumento foi submetido a traducao reversa e validacao concorrente. O trabalho tambem teve o intuito de testar a utilidade de um escore geral de risco (EGR) para a transmissao do virus HIV ou de subescores de risco para uso de drogas (ERUD) e para risco sexual (ERS). Metodos: Vinhetas clinicas de dez casos tipicos tiveram seus escores CRA comparados ao julgamento de juizes independentes. Resultados: Na comparacao com os juizes das areas especificas, houve diferencas sistematicas, sugerindo que apenas o EGR tem validade clinica e, especificamente, no que compete a exposicao a risco de infeccao/reinfeccao pelo HIV. Conclusao: O instrumento em sua forma e utilizacao atuais nao e adequado para expressar comprometimento ja causado pela exposicao ao virus. Os subescores especificos nao foram clinicamente validos para expressar tal risco, e o instrumento necessita do acrescimo de uma secao mais abrangente sobre uso de drogas injetaveis para utilizacao em estudos posteriores.
Automatic recognition of fear-avoidance behavior in chronic pain physical rehabilitation

Physical activity is beneficial in chronic pain rehabilitation. However, due to psychological anxieties about pain and the percevied risk of injury, physical activity is often avoided by people with chronic pain. This avoidance is expressed through self protective body movement aimed at avoiding strain, particularly in painful areas. The detection of protective behaviour is crucial for effective rehabilitation advice and to enable a more normal lifestyle. Current technology to motivate physical activity in rehabilitation contexts does not address these psychological barriers. In this paper, we investigate the automatic recognition of a specific form of protective behaviour, guarding, common in people with chronic lower back pain. We trained ensembles of decision trees, Random Forests, on posture and velocity based features from motion capture and electromyographic data. Results show overall out of bag F1-classification scores of 0.81 and 0.73 for sitting to standing and one leg stand exercises respectively.
2-Deoxy-GlucoseDownregulates Endothelial AKT and ERK via Interference with N-Linked Glycosylation , Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress , and GSK 3 b Activation

Interference with endothelial cell metabolism is a promising, yet unexploited strategy for angiogenesis inhibition. We reported that the glucose analogue 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) inhibits angiogenesis at significantly lower concentrations than those required for tumor cytotoxicity. Here, we found that hypersensitivity to 2-DG in endothelial cells is not associated with enhanced drug uptake compared with tumor cells, but with time-dependent, endothelial-selective inhibition of AKT and ERK phosphorylation. Downregulation of these critical survival pathways is shown to be due to 2-DG's interference with N-linked glycosylation, leading to alterations in VEGFR2 (and downstream signaling) as well as induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, GSK3b activation, and apoptosis. In vivo, periocular administration of 2-DG in LHBETATAG mice was associated with significant reduction of newly formed (CD105þ) tumor capillaries, ER stress (GRP 78 expression), and endothelial apoptosis (TUNEL). These findings uniquely link N-linked glycosylation inhibition, ER stress, and ERK/AKT downregulation in endothelial cells, and provide a novel drug development strategy to overcome resistance mechanisms to currently available antiangiogenic agents. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(2); 1–12. 2015 AACR.
Rehabilitation outcome evaluation after very severe brain injury

Few centres provide long-term therapy for survivors of very severe brain injury who continue in a minimally responsive state. We report on two outcome evaluation projects in association with one such centre in western Canada. In one project a functional scale to detect subtle changes after long-term therapy with the most severely compromised clients (Rancho levels II and III) is being tested. In the other project outcome indicators of change in quality of life after initiation of community-based rehabilitation have been generated by collecting over 400 critical incidents reported by family members, volunteers, staff and a few higher functioning clients. Our intention in this report is to highlight what can be done in terms of rehabilitation and outcome evaluation with clients who seem to be persisting in vegetative or minimally responsive states.
How Do Teacher Students for Compulsory School Learn Compared to Music Teacher Students in Sweden? A Comparative Study of Two Different Student Teacher Groups in Sweden.

The teaching profession has been continually challenged to provide evidence of the effectiveness of teaching and learning methods. The teacher education systems are currently undergoing reforms in Sweden. Hence, it is importance for educational institutions to be aware of the different ways that their student teachers learn and it is importance for prospective teachers to become aware of their own learning styles. The purpose of this research was to explore the learning styles preferences for two groups of prospective teachers: music teachers and regular compulsory classroom teachers and to analyze their differences in the light of international research on learning styles. If these groups of prospective teachers differ, this would have an impact on higher education, students’ learning strategies and teachers’ teaching strategies. The study involved 65 randomly selected student teachers. 33 were student teachers for compulsory school and 32 were music student teachers. Twenty subscales of the Productivity Environmental Preference Survey (PEPS) (Dunn, Dunn & Price, 1984, 1991, 2000; Annex 1) were used to identify the learning-styles preferences of the participants. The results showed statistically significant differences between the two teacher student groups. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in comparison to music teacher students, compulsory teacher students differed in their choice of more formal designs, routine, and the times of the day when they would prefer to learn. The findings suggested the need for widely diverse teaching approaches in higher education for teachers.
Acute Hypoxemia Does Not Increase the Oxidative Stress in Resting and Contracting Muscle in Humans

In healthy humans sustaining static handgrip at 60% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) until exhaustion, we measured the venous blood concentration of reduced ascorbic acid (RAA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), respectively, used as markers of the post-exercise oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Measurements were conducted in normoxemia, then during a 30-min period of hypoxemia (PaO 2 =56 mmHg) produced by inhalation of an hypoxic gas mixture. Compared to normoxemia, hypoxemia did not significantly modify the resting concentrations of TBARS and RAA, and did not affect the consumption of ascorbic acid after 60% MVC but suppressed the post-exercise TBARS increase. We conclude that acute hypoxemia does not modify the production of oxygen free radicals after strenuous static efforts and even seems to attenuate the lipid peroxidation.
On Quantizer Design for Distributed Bayesian Estimation in Sensor Networks

We consider the problem of distributed estimation under the Bayesian criterion and explore the design of optimal quantizers in such a system. We show that, for a conditionally unbiased and efficient estimator at the fusion center and when local observations have identical distributions, it is optimal to partition the local sensors into groups, with all sensors within a group using the same quantization rule. When all the sensors use identical number of decision regions, use of identical quantizers at the sensors is optimal. When the network is constrained by the capacity of the wireless multiple access channel over which the sensors transmit their quantized observations, we show that binary quantizers at the local sensors are optimal under certain conditions. Based on these observations, we address the location parameter estimation problem and present our optimal quantizer design approach. We also derive the performance limit for distributed location parameter estimation under the Bayesian criterion and find the conditions when the widely used threshold quantizer achieves this limit. We corroborate this result using simulations. We then relax the assumption of conditionally independent observations and derive the optimality conditions of quantizers for conditionally dependent observations. Using counter-examples, we also show that the previous results do not hold in this setting of dependent observations and, therefore, identical quantizers are not optimal.
Aspirin as Primary Prevention of Acute Coronary Heart Disease Events

Background/Objective Aspirin for primary prophylaxis is controversial. This study evaluated associations between prophylactic aspirin use and incident acute coronary heart disease (CHD) events. Methods and Results The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study was accessed for aspirin use examining black and white hazards for incident CHD, for men and women, each adjusting incrementally for sampling, sociodemographics, and CHD risk factors. Stratified models examined risks across strata of the Framingham risk score, and all-cause mortality. 23,949 participants (mean 64 yo), had 503 incident events over a 3.5 year follow-up. Prophylactic aspirin use was not associated with incident acute CHD, HR 1.05 (95% CI 0.86, 1.29). Modeling had little impact on the HR (1.09 {95% CI 0.89, 1.33) nor did the addition of risk factors (HR 1.00 {95% CI 0.81, 1.23). Aspirin use was not associated with incident CHD for any Framingham risk level. Findings were similar when including all aspirin users (not just those taking aspirin prophylactically), and when examining associations with all-cause mortality. There was no excess hospitalized bleeding in the aspirin users. Conclusion Aspirin was not associated with lower risk for incident acute CHD overall, or within race, gender, or Framingham Risk Score.
Advances in NDE and Image-Based Modelling for Automotive and Defense

There have been many recent advances in image-based modelling as a method for converting 3D image data (such as CT and micro-CT) into robust models for Computer-aided Design (CAD), Computer-aided Engineering (CAE) and 3D Printing. New solutions can be used to obtain models for use in automotive and defense applications, with this paper providing an overview of key techniques. Reconstruction of 3D image data allows for capture of internal structures for inspection and quantification of manufactured automotive parts throughout. Models can also be exported as image-based meshes suitable for analysing mechanical properties in FEA and CFD software. Analysis of original scan data enables exploration of defects at an early stage in the manufacturing process, and internal structures to be captured without destruction of components. Novel techniques can similarly be used to replace the internal volume of CAD and image-based parts with lattice structures, which can reduce the weight of a built part without compromising performance. Defense industries can also use these image-based modelling techniques for a variety of tasks, including the design of soldier-specific helmets and simulation of different types of head impact. ---------------
Development of Novel High Density Gastroretentive Multiparticulate Pulsatile Tablet of Clopidogrel Bisulfate Using Quality by Design Approach

Myocardial infarction, i.e., heart attack, is a fatal condition which is on the increase all over the world. It is reported that a large number of heart attack occur in morning hours which are attributable to platelet aggregation. Chronotherapy at this stage can be crucial. Clopidogrel bisulfate (CLB) is an antiplatelet agent and has become a drug of choice for prevention of heart attack. It is soluble in acidic pH and has a narrow absorption window. So, its long residence time in stomach is desirable. Therefore, a novel high density tablet was developed comprising multiparticulate pellets with pulsatile release necessary to maintain chronotherapy of heart attack. The pellets were prepared by extrusion-spheronization and coated in fluidized bed processor with different coating material to achieve pulsatile release. The size, shape of pellets, and drug release were evaluated. High density tablet containing coated pellets was formulated and evaluated for retention in stomach. Quality by design tools was used to design and optimize the processes. Timed release observed by dissolution study showed lag time of 6 h followed by burst release of drug up to 94% in 1 h. Density of tablets was found to be 2.2 g cm−3 which is more than gastric fluid. In vivo x-ray studies in rabbit revealed 8 h of gastric retention of tablet at the bottom of the stomach. Thus, CLB high density pulsatile system looks to open up a window of opportunity for developing formulations with drugs that are stable in gastric region and needed chronotheraupetic activity.
On Utility-based Selection of Architecture-Modelling Concepts

In this position paper we are concerned with the principles underlying the utility of modelling concepts, in particular in the context of architecture modelling. First, some basic concepts are discussed, in particular the relation between information, language, and modelling. Our primary area of application is the modelling of enterprise architectures and information system architectures, where the selection of the concepts used to model different aspects very much depends on the specific concerns that need to be addressed. We present an approach to utility-based concept selection. Our approach is illustrated by a brief review of the relevant aspects of two existing frameworks for modelling of (software intensive) information systems and their architectures. We finish this paper by a discussion of our future research directions in this field.
Techniques for Constructing Efficient Lock-free Data Structures

Building a library of concurrent data structures is an essential way to simplify the difficult task of developing concurrent software. Lock-free data structures, in which processes can help one another to complete operations, offer the following progress guarantee: If processes take infinitely many steps, then infinitely many operations are performed. Handcrafted lock-free data structures can be very efficient, but are notoriously difficult to implement. We introduce numerous tools that support the development of efficient lock-free data structures, and especially trees.
Physical Education and Femininity.

Summary Educationalists have voiced concern for a number of years about the differentiated response of boys and girls to physical education in the secondary school. The bulk of research has indicated that boys’ attitudes towards the subject tend to be more positive and that participation (in both curricular and extra‐curricular activities) is generally looked upon as being more readily compatible with prevailing notions of masculinity than femininity. In this paper we present the findings of a recent survey which suggests that girls may now be less likely than in the recent past to perceive PE as a ‘masculine’ subject. ’
How does common ground increase?

We studied the process of sharing and managing knowledge (common ground process) in three-member teams performing emergency management planning tasks on shared maps. We built a reference task and a role-based multi-view prototype for studying this process. In this paper we empirically test the claim that common ground increases through joint experience on a task over time. We model the common ground process using a realistic task, a controlled setting, and multiple measures. We present findings from the analysis of questionnaires, communication transcripts, videos, and artifacts.
Do Affluent Countries Face an Incomes-Jobs Trade-Off?

According to an influential view, in the United States pay for less skilledworkers is lowand government benefits are stingy, but this facilitates the creation of newjobs and encourages such individuals to take those jobs. Inmuch of WesternEurope, relative pay levels are higher for those at the bottom and benefits are more generous, but this is said to discourage job creation and job seeking. This article offers a comparative assessment of this trade-off viewbased on pooled timeseries cross-section analyses of 14 countries in the 1980s and 1990s. The findings suggest that greater pay equality and a higher replacement rate do reduce employment growth in lowproductivity, private-sector service industries and in the economy as a whole. However, these effects are relatively weak. The results point to a variety of viable options for countries wishing to maintain or move toward a desirable combination of jobs and equality.
Sprint methods for web archive research

Web archives provide access to snapshots of the Web of the past, and could be valuable for research purposes. However, access to these archives is often limited, both in terms of data availability, and interfaces to this data. This paper explores new methods to overcome these limitations. It presents "sprint-methods" for performing research using an archived collection of the Dutch news aggregator Website Nu.nl, and for developing and adapting a search system and interface to this data. The work aims to contribute to research in the humanities and social sciences, in particular New Media research employing digital methods to study the Web of the past. Secondly, this work aims to contribute to Computer Science, in the development of novel access tools for Web archives, that facilitate research.
A New Type of Preference Reversal

The classic preference reversal phenomenon arises in a comparison between a choice and a matching task. We present a new type of preference reversal which is entirely choice-based. Because choice is the basic primitive of economics, the preference reversal we observe is more troubling for economics. The preference reversal was observed in two experiments, both involving large representative samples from the Spanish population. The data were collected by professional interviewers in face-to-face interviews. Possible explanations for the preference reversal are the anticipation of disappointment and elation in risky choice and the impact of ethical considerations.
Mutations in mákos, a Drosophila gene encoding the Cdc27 subunit of the anaphase promoting complex, enhance centrosomal defects in polo and are suppressed by mutations in twins/aar, which encodes a regulatory subunit of PP2A

The gene mákos (mks) encodes the Drosophila counterpart of the Cdc27 subunit of the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C). Neuroblasts from third-larval-instar mks mutants arrest mitosis in a metaphase-like state but show some separation of sister chromatids. In contrast to metaphase-checkpoint-arrested cells, such mutant neuroblasts contain elevated levels not only of cyclin B but also of cyclin A. Mutations in mks enhance the reduced ability of hypomorphic polo mutant alleles to recruit and/or maintain the centrosomal antigens γ-tubulin and CP190 at the spindle poles. Absence of the MPM2 epitope from the spindle poles in such double mutants suggests Polo kinase is not fully activated at this location. Thus, it appears that spindle pole functions of Polo kinase require the degradation of early mitotic targets of the APC/C, such as cyclin A, or other specific proteins. The metaphase-like arrest of mks mutants cannot be overcome by mutations in the spindle integrity checkpoint gene bub1, confirming this surveillance pathway has to operate through the APC/C. However, mutations in the twins/aar gene, which encodes the 55kDa regulatory subunit of PP2A, do suppress the mks metaphase arrest and so permit an alternative means of initiating anaphase. Thus the APC/C might normally be required to inactivate wild-type twins/aar gene product.
Delay-Aware Uplink User Association and Power Control in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

In this letter, the delay-aware uplink user association problem in conjunction with power control is considered for energy efficiency in heterogeneous cellular networks. We aim at minimizing the energy consumption of user terminals under the delay constraints. Due to the mutual interference and the coupled queue dynamics, the problem is NP-hard and thus is difficult to solve. To overcome this issue, we first analyze the optimal solution for single user case by assuming the transmit power of others are unchanged, based on which we then propose a heuristic algorithm for the formulated problem. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed schemes.
The Consequences of Childhood Peer Rejection

Reviews literature on the effects of peer rejection on children's well-being. The authors present what has been learned about the consequences of childhood peer rejection since the publication of J. G. Parker and S. R. Asher's review in the mid 1980s. The chapter examines both intrapersonal, internalizing problems that arise from peer rejection (such as depression, loneliness, poor self-concept, and psychopathology) and interpersonal, externalizing problems (such as aggression, school misbehaviour, delinquency, and criminality). The authors begin with a review of the links between early peer rejection and four broad types of long-term outcomes: academic, general psychopathology, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems. After considering the consequences associated with early peer rejection, how and why rejection contributes to later adjustment is discussed.
Widening participation through admissions policy – a British case study of school and university performance

It has been widely claimed that UK students from relatively disadvantaged backgrounds but nevertheless having the potential to benefit from a degree programme are being denied higher education places because of their relatively poor paper qualifications. As a consequence, the claim continues, students from independent schools have an advantage in the competition for such places. Universities have responded to such claims, and incentives from the government to do so, by introducing widening participation programmes, but very little research has been done which explores whether students from disadvantaged backgrounds who are admitted to elite universities perform as well as their counterparts with better entry qualifications. Using a large data set from one university, this article explores performance by students at A‐level and their first and final university years. Students from independent schools performed better at A‐level than those from state schools, but not at their university examinations, other things being equal.