Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Learning of Tokenization for Machine Translation

Training a statistical machine translation system starts with tokenizing a parallel corpus. Some languages such as Chinese do not incorporate spacing in their writing system, which creates a challenge for tokenization. Morphologically rich languages such as Korean and Hungarian present an even bigger challenge, since optimal token boundaries for machine translation in these languages are often unclear. Both rule-based solutions and statistical solutions are currently used. In this paper, we present unsupervised methods to solve tokenization problem. Our methods incorporate information available from parallel corpus to determine a good tokenization for machine translation. The University of Rochester Computer Science Department supported this work.
Marketing plan for a web shop : Case Arcada shop

The non-profit operator Arcada University of Applied Science opened a web shop in October 2015 selling Arcada branded merchandise. The shop was launched after its completion without a marketing plan. The shop was seen as a cost-effective marketing tool and a mean to create university culture and school spirit. The aim of the thesis was to find out more about creating a marketing plan and increasing visibility of the shop. Research questions of the thesis were: “How to create a marketing plan? ” and “How to market the shop to the exchange students at Arcada? ” The research was done using qualitative methods with an exploratory approach aimed at discovery about creating a marketing plan and idea generation for the marketing of the web shop. The main secondary sources were textbooks, articles and online publications. Primary data was gathered via semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire. The literature review revealed that a lot of theory on creating a marketing plan exists. Many of the models featured similar main elements and a model for creating a marketing plan was created based on existing models and then applied to the case. The current situation was analyzed including segmentation and target marketing. It was found out, that more marketing efforts are needed in in order to get the exchange students aware and interested in the shop. A differentiation targeting approach was chosen with exchange students as the target segment. A strategy utilizing engagement and social media was chosen. The objectives were set in relation to engagement and social media. The chosen objectives were reaching the exchange students via targeted efforts, increasing visibility, brand building, loyalty, creating traffic and transactional. The objectives were to be reached through using marketing communications mix to reach the exchange students, and quality content in online channels to engage the audience. It was concluded that the marketing plan featured in the thesis is meant to give recommendations and it is up to Arcada Communications Department whether they implement it or not. It was also concluded that the theory can be generalized, but the actual marketing plan cannot, due to complex nature of the shop.
Oligosaccharide and polypeptide homology of lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) acid phosphatase subunits.

Peptide mapping of lupin acid phosphatase clearly demonstrated the homology between its two subunits. Sequenced tryptic peptides also showed 78% identity (92% similarity) to the red bean acid phosphatase. Peptides exclusive for the 50-kDa subunit are homologous to N-terminally located sequences in red bean acid phosphatase, leading to the assumption that the shorter subunit of lupin acid phosphatase is generated by the deletion of the N-terminal part of the longer subunit. Carbohydrate moiety was found to be identical in both subunits. Oligosaccharide chains released by hydrazinolysis from the both subunits were fluorescently labeled and separated by HPLC. The structure of oligosaccharides was elucidated by exoglycosidase sequencing. Seventeen percent of isolated glycans were found to be of the high-mannose type, while the rest belonged to plant complex-type structures. Most of the complex glycans were fucosylated and xylosylated; some were fucosylated or xylosylated only.
Realignment of the physical distribution process in omni-channel fulfillment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the realignment of the physical distribution process for store-based retailers in their efforts to integrate the online channel into their business model. Multiple attributes of the physical distribution process are evaluated to identify associations with order fulfillment methods adopted by omni-channel retailers. Design/methodology/approach – A multi-method approach is used which includes qualitative evaluation of 50 interviews of supply chain executives from large retailers. Additionally, secondary data about firm size, store and distribution networks, online sales, distribution configuration, and order delivery options are used. The findings of qualitative analysis are incorporated into a quantitative classification-tree analysis to identify associations among distribution attributes, order fulfillment methods and order delivery services. Findings – Retailers are developing a consistent omni-channel physical distribution process in which stores undert.
Pricing auto-workout mortgage products by associated default risks

The two main causes of mortgage payment difficulties are rising house prices and a temporary loss of household income. Currently available bank products handle these problems only when the mortgage is already delinquent (usually for a long time). The so-called workout process that starts at this point usually results in either loan restructuring or termination. A number of ideas and initiatives are present in the literature which brings this expensive workout process earlier and in an automatic fashion, thereby making it more predictable and less expensive for both sides. By using an embedded optionality in the mortgage product it is possible to reduce scheduled payments or the balance itself with the decline of the value of the property offered as collateral. The paper aims to create a theoretical model and its simulations on mortgage products with an above mentioned embedded optionality and to propose a fair pricing method.
RECOGNITION, DISCLOSURE AND MARKET REACTION IN THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR

The study examines whether recognition and disclosure have equivalent pricing consequences in the oil and gas industry. That is whether recognition and disclosure have same effects on recognized information and disclosed information. The methodology adopted in this study was the desk research review of the available literature related to recognition, disclosure and pricing consequences. In other words, the methodology adopted in the study was highly exploratory. The study found whether a write down-down is recognized or disclosed, has a significant effect on the firm’s value. The price reactions to firms recognizing losses are negative and differ significantly from the reactions of firms disclosing losses. One of the reasons for this
Cooperative Data and Computation Partitioning for Decentralized Architectures

Scalability of future wide-issue processor designs is severely hampered by the use of centralized resources such as register files, memories and interconnect networks. While the use of centralized resources eases both hardware design and compiler code generation efforts, they can become performance bottlenecks as access latencies increase with larger designs. The natural solution to this problem is to adapt the architecture to use smaller, decentralized resources. Decentralized architectures use smaller, faster components and exploit distributed instruction-level parallelism across the resources. A multicluster architecture is an example of such a decentralized processor, where subsets of smaller register files, functional units, and memories are grouped together in a tightly coupled unit, forming a cluster. These clusters can then be replicated and connected together to form a scalable, high-performance architecture. The main difficulty with decentralized architectures resides in compiler code generation. In a centralized Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) processor, the compiler must statically schedule each operation to both a functional unit and a time slot for execution. In contrast, for a decentralized multicluster VLIW, the compiler must consider the additional effects of cluster assignment, recognizing that communication between clusters will result in a delay penalty. In addition, if the multicluster processor also has partitioned data memories, the compiler has the additional task of assigning data objects to their respective memories. Each decision, of cluster, functional unit, memory, and time slot, are highly interrelated and can have dramatic effects on the best choice for every other decision. This dissertation addresses the issues of extracting and exploiting inherent parallelism across decentralized resources through compiler analysis and code generation techniques. First, a static analysis technique to partition data objects is presented, which maps data objects to decentralized scratchpad memories. Second, an alternative profile-guided technique for memory partitioning is presented which can effectively map data access operations onto distributed caches. Finally, a detailed, resource-aware partitioning algorithm is presented which can effectively split computation operations of an application across a set of processing elements. These partitioners work in tandem to create a high-performance partition assignment of both memory and computation operations for decentralized multicluster or multicore processors.
The Subtlety of Sound

Aspects of language, such as accent, play a crucial role in the formation and categorization of one’s cultural identity. Recent work on accent emphasizes the role of accent in person perception and social categorization, demonstrating that accent also serves as a meaningful indicator of an ethnic category. In this article, we investigate whether the accent of an interaction partner, as a marker for culture, can induce cultural frame-shifts in biculturals. We report the results of three experiments, performed among bicultural and monocultural individuals, in which we test the above hypothesis. Our results demonstrate that accent alone can affect people’s cognition.
Clinical Pharmacogenetics of Cytochrome P450-Associated Drugs in Children

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are commonly involved in drug metabolism, and genetic variation in the genes encoding CYPs are associated with variable drug response. While genotype-guided therapy has been clinically implemented in adults, these associations are less well established for pediatric patients. In order to understand the frequency of pediatric exposures to drugs with known CYP interactions, we compiled all actionable drug–CYP interactions with a high level of evidence using Clinical Pharmacogenomic Implementation Consortium (CPIC) data and surveyed 10 years of electronic health records (EHR) data for the number of children exposed to CYP-associated drugs. Subsequently, we performed a focused literature review for drugs commonly used in pediatrics, defined as more than 5000 pediatric patients exposed in the decade-long EHR cohort. There were 48 drug–CYP interactions with a high level of evidence in the CPIC database. Of those, only 10 drugs were commonly used in children (ondansetron, oxycodone, codeine, omeprazole, lansoprazole, sertraline, amitriptyline, citalopram, escitalopram, and risperidone). For these drugs, reports of the drug–CYP interaction in cohorts including children were sparse. There are adequate data for implementation of genotype-guided therapy for children for three of the 10 commonly used drugs (codeine, omeprazole and lansoprazole). For the majority of commonly used drugs with known CYP interactions, more data are required to support pharmacogenomic implementation in children.
Self Protecting Data Sharing Using Generic Policies

Although content sharing provides many benefits, content owners lose full control of their content once they are given away. Existing solutions provide limited capabilities of content access control as they are vendor-specific, non-structured and non-flexible. In this paper, we present an open and flexible software solution called SelfProtect Object (SPO). SPO bundles content and policy files in an object that can protect its contents by itself anywhere and anytime. Our policy is based on XACML, a generic policy language allowing fine-grain access with rules and conditions. We also design and implement a prototype of SPO and demonstrate its capability through examples. Our solution is flexible to express a variety of access control rules and open to integrate into different applications on different platforms.
Surface deformation analysis in the Messina Strait area through DInSAR measurements

We have investigated the recent deformation affecting the Messina Strait area in South Italy, across the Calabria and the Sicilia Regions. Messina Strait is an extensional tectonic feature that separates peninsular Italy from Sicily, and it is also one of the most seismically active and deforming area of the Mediterranean. It is located between the Neogene Tyrrhenian backarc basin, developed in the hanging wall of the Apennines, and the Mesozoic-Paleogene Ionian basin, which is the foreland and the area of propagation of the Neogene to present Apennines accretionary prism. We have exploited Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data along the time period between 2002 and 2010 by applying the advanced Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) technique referred to as Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) algorithm. GPS data relative to permanent stations within the study area have been also used.
Sampling Techniques For Forest Resource Inventory

Thank you very much for downloading sampling techniques for forest resource inventory. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this sampling techniques for forest resource inventory, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their computer.
The Impact of Business Support Services for Small and Medium Enterprises on Firm Performance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis

Business support interventions in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) direct a large amount of resources to SMEs, with the assumption that institutional constraints impede small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from generating profits and employment at the firm level, which in turn is thought to impede economic growth and poverty reduction. Yet despite this abundance of resources, very little is known about the impact of such interventions. To address this gap, this systematic review analyses evaluations of SME support services in LMICs to help inform policy debates pertaining to SMEs and business support services. This review examines the available evidence on the effects of SME support services in LMICs on firm-level performance indicators (such as revenues, profits, and productivity), employment generation, and labour productivity.
Mediation Effects Of Innovative Procurement Practices Between The Determinants Of Non-compliance With Public Procurement Guidelines And Construction Project Cost Performance In The Nigerian Construction Industry

As part of the effort towards achieving sustainable planning and development of public infrastructure and building projects in Nigeria, Public Procurement Guidelines (PPGs) were highlighted within the procurement policy enacted in 2007 known as PPA2007. Compliance among construction procurement professionals and project parties has been facing serious challenges. Unfamiliarity, misconception and ignorance with the PPGs are identified as the major determinants of non-compliance affecting cost performance of construction projects. The study introduced and tested mediation effects of innovative procurement practices between the identified determinants and cost performance of construction projects in Nigeria. 540 survey questionnaires were used in collecting data, PROCESS macro software was used in analysing 379 useable retrieved questionnaires. Findings indicated that innovative procurement practices have mediated the effects of the determinant of non-compliance with PPGs on construction project cost performances. The study recommends enlightening and educating procurement stakeholders and major project parties on the cost benefits www.witpress. com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, Vol 210, © 2016 WIT Press doi:10.2495/SDP160091 Sustainable Development and Planning VIII 99
Decarboxylating and Nondecarboxylating Glutaryl-Coenzyme A Dehydrogenases in the Aromatic Metabolism of Obligately Anaerobic Bacteria

ABSTRACT In anaerobic bacteria using aromatic growth substrates, glutaryl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenases (GDHs) are involved in the catabolism of the central intermediate benzoyl-CoA to three acetyl-CoAs and CO2. In this work, we studied GDHs from the strictly anaerobic, aromatic compound-degrading organisms Geobacter metallireducens (GDHGeo) (Fe[III] reducing) and Desulfococcus multivorans (GDHDes) (sulfate reducing). GDHGeo was purified from cells grown on benzoate and after the heterologous expression of the benzoate-induced bamM gene. The gene coding for GDHDes was identified after screening of a cosmid gene library. Reverse transcription-PCR revealed that its expression was induced by benzoate; the product was heterologously expressed and isolated. Both wild-type and recombinant GDHGeo catalyzed the oxidative decarboxylation of glutaryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA at similar rates. In contrast, recombinant GDHDes catalyzed only the dehydrogenation to glutaconyl-CoA. The latter compound was decarboxylated subsequently to crotonyl-CoA by the addition of membrane extracts from cells grown on benzoate in the presence of 20 mM NaCl. All GDH enzymes were purified as homotetramers of a 43- to 44-kDa subunit and contained 0.6 to 0.7 flavin adenine dinucleotides (FADs)/monomer. The kinetic properties for glutaryl-CoA conversion were as follows: for GDHGeo, the Km was 30 ± 2 μM and the V max was 3.2 ± 0.2 μmol min−1 mg−1, and for GDHDes, the Km was 52 ± 5 μM and the V max was 11 ± 1 μmol min−1 mg−1. GDHDes but not GDHGeo was inhibited by glutaconyl-CoA. Highly conserved amino acid residues that were proposed to be specifically involved in the decarboxylation of the intermediate glutaconyl-CoA were identified in GDHGeo but are missing in GDHDes. The differential use of energy-yielding/energy-demanding enzymatic processes in anaerobic bacteria that degrade aromatic compounds is discussed in view of phylogenetic relationships and constraints of overall energy metabolism.
Quality issues in multipurpose ongoing population health surveys

Background: Quality is an important aspect of the conduct of sample surveys, but often the need for timely results, generated within a specified budget, can become the overriding imperative. When sample surveys are considered from a quality perspective two major dimensions need to be considered; measurement and representativeness. In ongoing data collections there is a third dimension; the impact dimension that includes timeliness, sensitivity and responsiveness, flexibility and coherence, comparability, accessibility and usefulness. Aims and objectives: To consider important research issues for ongoing population health surveys in Australia including: (i) the diminishing coverage of landline phone frames because of mobile-only phone users; (ii) having consistent criteria and standards to enable comparisons between collections; and (iii) how system approaches to ongoing collection and management improves timeliness, sensitivity, responsiveness, flexibility, coherence, comparability, accessibility and usefulness of the data and (iv) how well the current total survey error framework captures that. Methods: The research was undertaken mainly using the ongoing NSW Population Health Survey. This included (i) inclusion of mobile phone numbers into the NSWPHS, (ii) applying the AAPOR definitions to the NSWPHS, (iii) application of a data management and reporting system to the NSWPHS, (iv) collection of self-reported and measured height and weight in the NSAOH, comparisons between the NSWPHS and the NATSIHS and an examination of total survey error framework.
Ad Strategy and the Stone Age Brain

ABSTRACT The central thesis of evolutionary psychology is that ‘the mind is a system of organs of computation, designed by natural selection to solve the kinds of problems our ancestors faced in their foraging way of life’. Little time has elapsed for our minds to adapt to the new conditions. Thus, our ‘mental organs’ are designed for Stone Age problems. This article discusses these implications for modern advertising and concludes that advertising that appeals to both the civilised needs and the underlying ‘Stone Age’ motivations should be more effective.
Adrenal secretion during major depression in 8- to 16-year-olds, I. Altered diurnal rhythms in salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) at presentation

Synopsis The association between basal cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its sulphate (DHEAS) and major depression was investigated in 8- to 16-year-olds. Eighty-two subjects with major depression, 25 non-depressed psychiatric cases and 40 community controls were systematically assessed for current mental state and hormone levels at 08.00, 12.00 and 20.00 h, assayed from salivary samples collected over a 48 h period. The average mean of the two time points was compared between the three groups. Evening cortisol hypersecretion and morning DHEA hyposecretion were significantly, and independently, associated with major depression. High evening cortisol (> 0·594 ng/ml) and low morning DHEA (< 0·200 ng/ml) identified subgroups of depressives with different types of adrenal hormone dysregulation. The association between high evening cortisol or low morning DHEA and MDD was not affected by either age or gender.
Secure trustless text processing of sensitive documents

Scaling up the analysis of sensitive or confidential documents frequently stumbles on the limited number of individuals with the necessary clearance to access the documents. The availability of cryptographic protocols compatible with text processing methods can greatly improve this situation allowing for the automated processing of large corpora of confidential documents by “untrusted” third-parties. In this paper we propose a protocol which allows for secure outsourcing of text analytics tasks without compromising the confidentiality of documents. The method scales to large corpora, and presents linear time complexity on the size of the corpus.