Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Which Generation Unit Should be Selected as Control Leader in Secondary Frequency Control of Microgrids?

In this paper, we propose a novel metric to choose control leaders in secondary frequency control of microgrids. The microgrid, as the building block of distributed generation systems, is assumed to be composed of both synchronous and inverter-connected generation units, e.g., renewable sources. Here, we formulate the stability analysis of secondary cooperative control in microgrids. To control the frequency of the microgrid, the secondary control should set one (or more) of generation units as master and the others as follower. A novel metric is proposed to measure the impact of different generation sources on the rate of frequency recovery of the distributed generation power system. The proposed metric is based on the eigenvalue perturbation analysis of the state matrix of the microgrid, which includes information on the topology of both physical power and data communication networks. Using this metric, one can rank all generation units and choose the one with the largest influence as the master node. The metric is simple to compute and can be easily used in microgrids with large number of small size generation units. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed metric over heuristic methods such as choosing the master nodes based on their degrees, betweenness centrality, or closeness centrality values in the data communication network.
Ternary Walsh Transform and Its Operations for Completely and Incompletely Specified Boolean Functions

The new ternary Walsh transform is considered in this paper. Such a ternary Walsh transform can be used in a similar manner as the standard Walsh transform for binary logic functions as shown here. It is based on the Kronecker product as well as the Galois field and new ternary operations. The same hardware implementation can be used for both forward and inverse ternary Walsh transforms based on its fast algorithms and properties. The ternary Walsh transform is suitable for processing both completely and incompletely specified Boolean functions. Its properties for the decomposition and symmetry detections of the Boolean functions are shown.
Comparison of various types of hydrogen bonds involving aromatic amino acids.

Ab initio calculations are used to compare the abilities of the aromatic groups of the Phe, Tyr, Trp, and His amino acids (modeled respectively by benzene, phenol, indole, and imidazole) to form H-bonds of three different types. Strongest of all are the conventional H-bonds (e.g., OH.O and OH.N). His forms the strongest such H-bond, followed by Tyr, and then by Trp. Whereas OH.phi bonds formed by the approach of a proton donor to the pi electron cloud above the aromatic system are somewhat weaker, they nonetheless represent an important class of stabilizing interactions. The strengths of H-bonds in this category follow the trend Trp > His > Tyr approximately Phe. CH.O interactions are weaker still, and only those involving His and Trp are strong enough to make significant contributions to protein structure. A protonated residue such as HisH(+) makes for a very powerful proton donor, such that even its CH.O H-bonds are stronger than the conventional H-bonds formed by neutral groups.
A re-definition of least generalizations, and construction modes as a new declarative bias for ILP

The classical deenition of the concept of least generalization of a clause set C is that it is a single clause. Since such a unique clause is sometimes over-general, we re-deene this concept as being a minimal-sized set of clauses, each member of this set being the classical least generalization of some subset of C. The elements of these subsets are two by two compatible, in the sense that their classical least generalizations are not too general according to some over-generality criterion. We give an algorithm for computing this re-deened concept, providing thus a new approach to disjunctive concept learning. The criterion for over-generality is problem-speciic. We introduce a new such criterion: two clauses are compatible, i.e., their classical least generalization is not over-general, if this least generalization is admissible wrt a construction mode capturing the required dataaow of each involved relation. We design a language for expressing such construction modes, and we deene a powerful admissibility criterion. We also prove a few theorems relating the problem-independent concept of compatibility with the problem-speciic concept of admissibility (our over-generality criterion): these theorems show how to speed up certain computations for these concepts. Finally, we outline an application of these considerations to a frequently occurring problem in the inductive synthesis of recursive (logic) programs, namely the induction of the operator combining the partial results (obtained through recursion) into the overall result.
Effects of mutations in three domains of the vesicular stomatitis viral glycoprotein on its lateral diffusion in the plasma membrane [published erratum appers in J Cell Biol 1988 Jan;106(1):325]

The lateral mobility of the vesicular stomatitis virus spike glycoprotein (G protein) and various mutant G proteins produced by site- directed mutagenesis of the G cDNA has been measured. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching results for the wild type G protein in transfected COS-1 cells yielded a mean diffusion coefficient (D) of 8.5 (+/- 1.3) X 10(-11) cm2/s and a mean mobile fraction of 75% (+/- 3%). Eight mutant proteins were also examined: dTM14, lacking six amino acids from the transmembrane domain; TA2, lacking an oligosaccharide in the extracellular domain; QN2, possessing an extra N-linked oligosaccharide in the extracellular domain; CS2, possessing a serine instead of a cysteine at residue 489 in the cytoplasmic domain, preventing palmitate addition to the glycoprotein; TMR-stop, lacking the entire cytoplasmic domain except an arginine at residue 483; and three chimeric proteins, G mu, G23, and GHA, containing in place of the 29 amino acid wild type cytoplasmic domain the cytoplasmic domains from the surface IgM from the spike protein of the infectious bronchitis virus or from the hemagglutinin protein of the influenza virus, respectively. The mean D for the mutant proteins varied over a relatively small range, with the slowest mutant, G23, exhibiting a value of 11.3 (+/- 1.4) X 10(-11) cm2/s and the fastest mutant, GHA, having a D of 28.6 (+/- 4.5) X 10(-11) cm2/s. The mean mobile fraction similarly varied over a small range, extending from 55 to 68%. None of the mutations resulted in the more rapid diffusion characteristic of membrane proteins embedded in artificial bilayers. Therefore, it appears that the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains themselves contribute little to restraining the lateral mobility of this integral membrane protein when expressed in transfected cells.
Influence of dry-strength agents on grammage-dependenttensile properties of paper

The tensile properties of paper exhibit a dependence on grammage (weight per unit area) arising from structural and scale-dependent effects. The investigation of this thesis focuses on the grammage dependence of tensile properties and evaluates the property distinction between handsheets formed with and without cationic starch. British standard (ISO 5296-1:2000) handsheets were formed with a Valley Beater in the laboratory using once-dried bleached Kraft pine and birch pulp as raw materials. Handsheets were made at various densities and different addition levels of starch. Physical property tests were performed under TAPPI methods after drying. A dependence of tensile index and specific elastic modulus on grammage was observed, an agreement with that reported in the literature. Further, this was affected by the addition of starch. Different models in respect to the relative bonded area and Weibull model were presented in the literature for quantifying the experimental data. This work provides a clear explanation about the performance of cationic starch on the tensile properties of paper sheets. Furthermore, it is closely related to the papermaking industry concerning the effect of cationic starch on different beating degrees and raw materials. %%%%Overall, cationic starch showed a good dry-strength agent function for improving the tensile index of handsheets due to the additional hydrogen bonds and their positive charge property for increasing the bond strength without changing density and RBA. However, no obvious Weibull-type grammage-dependence was observed in this study, but it did show a suggestion about it on several groups of hand sheets.
Learning cost function and trajectory for robotic writing motion

We present algorithms for inferring the cost function and reference trajectory from human demonstrations of hand-writing tasks. These two key elements are then used, through optimal control, to generate an impedance-based controller for a robotic hand. The key novelty lies in the flexibility of the feature design in the composition of the cost function, in contrast to the traditional approaches that consider linearly combined features. Cross-entropy-based methods form the core of our learning technique, resulting in sample-based stochastic algorithms for task encoding and decoding. The algorithms are validated using an anthropomorphic robot hand. We assess that the correct compliance is well encapsulated by subjecting the robot to perturbations during task reproduction.
Normal-strength and high-strength concrete columns under cyclic axial load and biaxial moment

NORMAL-STRENGTH AND HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE COLUMNS UNDER CYCLIC AXIAL LOAD AND BIAXIAL MOMENT by Mehdi Zarei The technique of using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) materials to repair and strengthen various concrete members has become popular in the structural retrofitting field as an effective way to enhance the strength and ductility of concrete members due to its superior mechanical properties. In this study a method was introduced to study the behavior of concrete columns with and without CFRP jackets under constant axial load and variable lateral load. The lateral load was applied monotonically and cyclically. To predict the behavior of concrete columns under monotonic and cyclic compressive loadings, a computer code was developed to produce the moment-curvature diagram for concrete sections. The moment-curvature diagram was then input in SAP2000 to study the behavior of reinforced concrete columns. The result of this analysis was found to correlate with experimental data well. The behavior of high-strength concrete (HSC) columns having various properties and subjected to a variety of loading conditions has been the topic of considerable investigation. Of particular significance in this area is the behavior of HSC columns under cyclic compressive load with bidirectional eccentricity. For the experimental investigation, tests of six square slender HSC columns were conducted under stroke control to achieve both ascending and descending branches of the load-deformation curves. Analysis of HSC columns subjected to cyclic axial compression with bidirectional eccentricity was approached from the standpoint of a three-dimensional problem. A computer program based on the extended finite segment method and accounting for geometrical nonlinearity has been proposed here to predict the load-deflection curves of HSC columns under cyclical loading. The HSC stress-strain relationship obtained by parametric study and experimental investigation into the behavior of concrete under cyclical load history has been incorporated into the numerical procedure. The presented computer analysis results have been compared with the experimental data, and a satisfactory agreement was attained for both the ascending and descending branches of the load-deformation curves. NORMAL-STRENGTH AND HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE COLUMNS UNDER CYCLIC AXIAL LOAD AND BIAXIAL MOMENT
Changes in muscle activity after performing the FIFA 11+ programme part 2 for 4 weeks

ABSTRACT Changes in muscle activity were evaluated by positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET–CT) after performing part 2 of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association’s 11+ programme (11+) for 4 weeks. Eleven males performed part 2 of the 11+ for 20 min before and after 37 MBq of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was injected intravenously. PET–CT images were obtained 50 min after FDG injection. The participants were then instructed to perform part 2 of the 11+ 3 times per week for 4 consecutive weeks, after which another set of PET–CT images was obtained following the same procedure. Regions of interest were defined within 30 muscles. The standardised uptake value (SUV) of FDG by muscle tissue per unit volume was calculated, and FDG accumulation was compared between pre- and post-training PET–CT results. Performing part 2 of the 11+ for 4 weeks increased mean SUV in the sartorius, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, abductor hallucis, and flexor hallucis brevis muscles (P < 0.05). In conclusion, routinely performing part 2 of the 11+ for 4 weeks increased glucose uptake related to muscle activity in the hamstrings and hallux muscles. We speculate that there is some possibility of this change of muscle activity contributing to a decrease in sports-related injuries.
An Update on Statistical Boosting in Biomedicine

Statistical boosting algorithms have triggered a lot of research during the last decade. They combine a powerful machine learning approach with classical statistical modelling, offering various practical advantages like automated variable selection and implicit regularization of effect estimates. They are extremely flexible, as the underlying base-learners (regression functions defining the type of effect for the explanatory variables) can be combined with any kind of loss function (target function to be optimized, defining the type of regression setting). In this review article, we highlight the most recent methodological developments on statistical boosting regarding variable selection, functional regression, and advanced time-to-event modelling. Additionally, we provide a short overview on relevant applications of statistical boosting in biomedicine.
Exogenous lactate infusion improved neurocognitive function of patients with mild traumatic brain injury

Background: Many studies showed a better recovery of cognitive function after administration of exogenous lactate during moderate-severe traumatic brain injury. However, the study evaluating lactate effect on mild traumatic brain injury is still limited. Aims: To evaluate the effect of exogenous lactate on cognitive function in mild traumatic brain injury patients. Settings and Design: Prospective, single blind, randomized controlled study on 60 mild traumatic brain injury patients who were undergoing neurosurgery. Materials and Methods: Subjects were randomly assigned into hyperosmolar sodium lactate (HSL) group or hyperosmolar sodium chloride (HSS) group. Patients in each group received either intravenous infusion of HSL or NaCl 3% at 1.5 ml/KgBW within 15 min before neurosurgery. During the surgery, patients in both groups received maintenance infusion of NaCl 0.9% at 1.5 ml/KgBW/hour. Statistical Analysis: Cognitive function, as assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score at 24 h, 30 and 90 days post-surgery, was analyzed by Anova repeated measures test. Results: The MMSE score improvement was significantly better in HSL group than HSS group (P < 0.001). In HSL group the MMSE score improved from 16.00 (13.75-18.00) at baseline to 21.00 (18.75-22.00); 25.00 (23.75-26.00); 28.00 (27.00-29.00) at 24 h, 30, 90 days post-surgery, respectively. In contrast, in HSS group the MMSE score almost unchanged at 24 h and only slightly increased at 30 and 90 days post-surgery. Conclusions: Hyperosmolar sodium lactate infusion during mild traumatic brain injury improved cognitive function better than sodium chloride 3%.
Suggestive evidence for association of D2S2188 marker (2q31.1) with autism in 143 Sicilian (Italian) TRIO families

We have screened 143 Sicilian (Italian) families with one autistic child to verify, by a linkage disequilibrium approach, the involvement of the 2q31.1 region in the cause of the disease in these families. Our study design includes the use of intrafamilial association to prevent a population stratification bias and ethnic homogeneity of the sample. The results of our analysis provided suggestive evidence of the occurrence of transmission disequilibrium between autism and the D2S2188 polymorphism in Sicilian TRIO families, a finding which provides further and independent support to the hypothesis of the existence of a susceptibility gene (or genes) for autism on chromosome 2q.
Widely linear and non-phase-matched optical-to-terahertz conversion on GaSe:Te crystals.

We demonstrate the widely linear and broadband terahertz (THz) generation on GaSe:Te crystals by femtosecond laser pulses. It was found that the dopant, Te atoms, in GaSe crystals significantly enhances the efficiency of THz generation, and its central frequency can be tuned by varying the crystal thickness through non-phase-matched optical rectification. Moreover, the wide-ranging linearity for the optical-to-THz conversion and central-frequency-tunable THz generation promise for GaSe:Te crystals to be potential materials for high-power (>1.36 μW) THz applications.
Short- and full-season soybean in stale seedbeds versus rolled-crimped winter rye mulch

Abstract Stale seedbeds are used by organic growers to reduce weed populations prior to crop planting. Rye mulches, derived from mechanically killed (rolled and crimped) winter rye cover crops, can serve the same purpose for spring-planted organic crops. Both methods can also be employed by conventional growers who face looming problems with herbicide resistant weeds. The objective of this research was to compare these methods over 2 years in central Minnesota in terms of weed seedling emergence, populations, biomass and manual-weeding times, as well as stands and yields of short-season and full-season soybean varieties planted late, in mid June. Rye mulch greatly lowered both pre- and post-planting weed populations of common annual weeds, which substantially affected necessity for augmented weed control. For instance, the need for within-crop manual-weeding was low for soybean planted into rye mulch (0–6 h ha−1), but ranged from 15 to 66 h ha−1 of labor for soybean planted in stale seedbeds and augmented by inter-row cultivation. However, rye mulch lowered soybean yield potential by 800–1000 kg ha−1 compared with stale seedbeds in 1 of 2 years. With organic feed-grade soybean seed valued at $1 kg−1, conventional soybean seed at $0.5 kg−1, and labor for manual-weeding at $10 h−1, the use of rye mulch compared with stale seedbeds augmented by manual-weeding are equally rational choices for organic growers in central Minnesota (assuming labor is available for hand-weeding), but rye mulches probably would be a wise financial option for conventional growers compared with hand-weeding. Lastly, full-season soybean had higher yields than short-season soybean and probably represents a prudent selection in central Minnesota, regardless of the late planting date requirements for both the rye mulch and stale seedbed systems.
Transfer of self-aligned spacer patterns for single-digit nanofabrication

We report the transfer of sub-10 nm half-pitch grating patterns created through a combination of block copolymer directed self-assembly and sidewall spacer-based self-aligned double patterning into Si substrates. Low substrate bias reactive ion etching of TiOx conformally deposited onto carbon mandrels using atomic layer deposition renders distinct, pitch-halved spacers with minimal etch byproduct redeposition. Independent spacer and mandrel width control and the use of an underlying CrNx hard mask deposited by reactive sputtering facilitates etching of Si lines with low roughness and fine placement control. The insights into pattern transfer presented here are directly applicable to the fabrication of rectangular bit pattern nanoimprint templates at densities above 1.5 Td in−2.
How do programmers ask and answer questions on the web?: NIER track

Question and Answer (Q&A) websites, such as Stack Overflow, use social media to facilitate knowledge exchange between programmers and fill archives with millions of entries that contribute to the body of knowledge in software development. Understanding the role of Q&A websites in the documentation landscape will enable us to make recommendations on how individuals and companies can leverage this knowledge effectively. In this paper, we analyze data from Stack Overflow to categorize the kinds of questions that are asked, and to explore which questions are answered well and which ones remain unanswered. Our preliminary findings indicate that Q&A websites are particularly effective at code reviews and conceptual questions. We pose research questions and suggest future work to explore the motivations of programmers that contribute to Q&A websites, and to understand the implications of turning Q&A exchanges into technical mini-blogs through the editing of questions and answers.
An Integrated Instance‐Based Learning Algorithm

The basic nearest‐neighbor rule generalizes well in many domains but has several shortcomings, including inappropriate distance functions, large storage requirements, slow execution time, sensitivity to noise, and an inability to adjust its decision boundaries after storing the training data. This paper proposes methods for overcoming each of these weaknesses and combines the methods into a comprehensive learning system called the Integrated Decremental Instance‐Based Learning Algorithm (IDIBL) that seeks to reduce storage, improve execution speed, and increase generalization accuracy, when compared to the basic nearest neighbor algorithm and other learning models. IDIBL tunes its own parameters using a new measure of fitness that combines confidence and cross‐validation accuracy in order to avoid discretization problems with more traditional leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. In our experiments IDIBL achieves higher generalization accuracy than other less comprehensive instance‐based learning algorithms, while requiring less than one‐fourth the storage of the nearest neighbor algorithm and improving execution speed by a corresponding factor. In experiments on twenty‐one data sets, IDIBL also achieves higher generalization accuracy than that reported for sixteen major machine learning and neural network models.
Evaluation of polymer properties for potential selection in enhanced oil recovery

Evaluation of Polymer Properties for Potential Selection in Enhanced Oil Recovery Tengku Amran Tengku Mohd*, Norrulhuda Mohd Taib, Ahmad Fadhullah Adzmi, Nik Khairul Irfan Nik Ab Lah, Arina Sauki, Mohd Zaidi Jaafar Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia amran865@salam.uitm. edu.my