Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validiteit van de Vierdimensionale Klachtenlijst (4DKL) in de ambulante geestelijke gezondheidszorg

SAMENVATTING De Vierdimensionale Klachtenlijst (4DKL) is ontwikkeld in de eerstelijnsgezondheidszorg en meet vier dimensies van veelvoorkomende psychische klachten: distress, depressie, angst en somatisatie. De 4DKL zou ook voor de ambulante geestelijke gezondheidszorg (ggz) een aantrekkelijk instrument kunnen zijn voor het in kaart brengen en volgen van de klachten van patienten. Voorwaarde is dat de 4DKL bij ambulante-ggzpatienten hetzelfde meet als bij huisartsenpatienten. Dat hebben wij onderzocht door 4DKL-gegevens van een groep ambulante-ggz-patienten te vergelijken met 4DKLgegevens van een groep huisartsenpatienten en daarbij te kijken naar differential item functioning (DIF). het bleek dat zes van de in totaal 50 items bij ambulante-ggzpatienten iets anders functioneerden dan bij huisartsenpatienten. Maar dat bleek op de schaalscores een verwaarloosbaar effect te hebben. De conclusie is dat de 4DKL bij ambulante-ggz-patienten hetzelfde meet als bij huisartsenpatienten.
TopicScape: Semantic Navigation of Document Collections

When people explore and manage information, they think in terms of topics and themes. However, the software that supports information exploration sees text at only the surface level. In this paper we show how topic modeling -- a technique for identifying latent themes across large collections of documents -- can support semantic exploration. We present TopicViz, an interactive environment for information exploration. TopicViz combines traditional search and citation-graph functionality with a range of novel interactive visualizations, centered around a force-directed layout that links documents to the latent themes discovered by the topic model. We describe several use scenarios in which TopicViz supports rapid sensemaking on large document collections.
Recognition of pyrrolizidine alkaloid esters in the invasive aquatic plant Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (Asteraceae).

INTRODUCTION The freshwater aquatic plant Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (Senegal tea plant, jazmín del bañado, Falscher Wasserfreund) is an invasive plant in many countries. Behavioural observations of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-pharmacophagous butterflies suggested the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the plant. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the attraction of the butterflies to the plant is an accurate indicator of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in G. spilanthoides. METHODS The alkaloid fraction of a methanolic extract of G. spilanthoides was analysed using HPLC with electrospray ionisation MS and MS/MS. Two HPLC approaches were used, that is, a C18 reversed-phase column with an acidic mobile phase, and a porous graphitic carbon column with a basic mobile phase. RESULTS Pyrrolizidine alkaloids were confirmed, with the free base forms more prevalent than the N-oxides. The major alkaloids detected were lycopsamine and intermedine. The porous graphitic carbon HPLC column, with basic mobile phase conditions, resulted in better resolution of more pyrrolizidine alkaloids including rinderine, the heliotridine-based epimer of intermedine. Based on the MS/MS and high-resolution MS data, gymnocoronine was tentatively identified as an unusual C9 retronecine ester with 2,3-dihydroxy-2-propenylbutanoic acid. Among several minor-abundance monoester pyrrolizidines recognised, spilanthine was tentatively identified as an ester of isoretronecanol with the unusual 2-acetoxymethylbutanoic acid. CONCLUSIONS The butterflies proved to be reliable indicators for the presence of pro-toxic 1,2-dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids in G. spilanthoides, the first aquatic plant shown to produce these alkaloids. The presence of the anti-herbivory alkaloids may contribute to the plant's invasive capabilities and would certainly be a consideration in any risk assessment of deliberate utilisation of the plant. The prolific growth of the plant and the structural diversity of its pyrrolizidine alkaloids may make it ideal for investigating biosynthetic pathways or for large-scale production of specific alkaloids.
Ferrofluid-associated Cutaneous Dyschromia: Discoloration of Hand and Fingers Following Accidental Exposure to Ferromagnetic Fluid.

BACKGROUND Ferrofluid is a colloidal suspension that usually consists of surfactant-coated nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe3O4) in a carrier liquid. Ferromagnetic fluid forms spikes when the liquid is exposed to a magnetic field. PURPOSE The authors describe a man who developed temporary discoloration of his right palm and fingers after accidental cutaneous contact with ferrofluid and discuss some of the current and potential applications of this unique liquid. METHODS A 28-year-old man was evaluating the effects of magnetic fields using ferrofluid. He performed a modification of the "leaping ferrofluid" demonstration in which he held a superstrong (14,800 gauss magnetic field strength) N52 rare earth neodymium magnet in his palm and slowly lowered that hand over an open bowl that was filled with ferrofluid. RESULTS As the magnet approached the liquid, the ferrofluid became magnetized. The liquid leaped from the bowl and contacted not only the magnet, but also the palmar surface of his hand and fingers, resulting in a black-brown dyschromia of the affected skin. The discoloration completely resolved after two weeks without any adverse sequellae. CONCLUSION Ferrofluid has numerous current and potential applications; in addition to being of value educationally and aesthetically (after being subjected to magnetic fields), it is also utilized for audio loudspeakers, medical innovations (such as a component of either a research tool, a diagnostic aid, or a treatment modality), and seals. Although the authors' patient did not experience any acute or chronic toxicity from his cutaneous exposure to ferrofluid, conservative follow-up for individuals who experience skin contact with ferromagnetic fluid may be appropriate.
Hierarchical learning : theory with applications in speech and vision

Over the past two decades several hierarchical learning models have been developed and applied to a diverse range of practical tasks with much success. Little is known, however, as to why such models work as well as they do. Indeed, most are difficult to analyze, and cannot be easily characterized using the established tools from statistical learning theory. In this thesis, we study hierarchical learning architectures from two complementary perspectives: one theoretical and the other empirical. The theoretical component of the thesis centers on a mathematical framework describing a general family of hierarchical learning architectures. The primary object of interest is a recursively defined feature map, and its associated kernel. The class of models we consider exploit the fact that data in a wide variety of problems satisfy a decomposability property. Paralleling the primate visual cortex, hierarchies are assembled from alternating filtering and pooling stages that build progressively invariant representations which are simultaneously selective for increasingly complex stimuli. A goal of central importance in the study of hierarchical architectures and the cortex alike, is that of understanding quantitatively the tradeoff between invariance and selectivity, and how invariance and selectivity contribute towards providing an improved representation useful for learning from data. A reasonable expectation is that an unsupervised hierarchical representation will positively impact the sample complexity of a corresponding supervised learning task. We therefore analyze invariance and discrimination properties that emerge in particular instances of layered models described within our framework. A group-theoretic analysis leads to a concise set of conditions which must be met to establish invariance, as well as a constructive prescription for meeting those conditions. An information-theoretic analysis is then undertaken and seen as a means by which to characterize a model’s discrimination properties. The empirical component of the thesis experimentally evaluates key assumptions built into the mathematical framework. In the case of images, we present simulations which support the hypothesis that layered architectures can reduce the sample complexity of a non-trivial learning problem. In the domain of speech, we describe a
Fair Rate Control in 5G Cellular Networks: User Equipment-Agnostic Approach

There are several ways to improve the quality of experience (QoE) of mobile user equipments (UEs), among which latency reduction has been paid less attention compared to throughput enhancement. In this paper, we consider a new cellular network architecture that puts edge servers closer to UEs (e.g., nearby BS) and present a suitable rate control algorithm, so that we can achieve both lower controllable latency and better fairness without any throughput loss, compared to traditional rate control schemes such as TCP. In the proposal, BS decides the queue threshold to keep a desirable queue length and delivers congestion notification based on the queue differential to the edge server, so the edge server can adjust its rate to reflect wireless channel capacity while maintaining a target queueing delay at BS. Our scheme is beneficial due to (i) UE-agnostic approach and (ii) potential suitability to 5G network architecture under standardization by 3GPP. Via NS-3 simulation we demonstrate that our scheme outperforms popular TCP variants in terms of latency and fairness metrics in several network scenarios.
Bandwidth and Cache Leasing in Wireless Information-Centric Networks: A Game-Theoretic Study

Information-centric networking (ICN) is a novel paradigm that aims at improving the performance of today's Internet by supporting caching and multicast content delivery on every network device. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a centralized strategy to stimulate third parties to jointly lease the unused bandwidth and storage available on wireless access points (APs) in an ICN. We formulate this problem as a combinatorial reverse auction run by a content provider (CP) willing to increase the number of users reached by its service. We show that the optimal allocation with partial coverage problem is NP-hard, provide greedy heuristics that guarantee the individual rationality and truthfulness properties, and compare their performance numerically. We evaluate the benefits of our proposed mechanisms in terms of the cost savings for the CP obtained by offloading its infrastructure through the caches and the reduced computational time to execute the allocation algorithms. We compare the results obtained in this centralized setting with those that can be observed when the mobile clients autonomously choose which AP they prefer to use, among those activated by the auction mechanism. We model this second scenario as a congestion game, showing that it exhibits the desired properties (i.e., existence and uniqueness of a Nash equilibrium) and by comparing its social welfare with the centralized case.
Employment of parasite element for extending the bandwidth of a linear horizontal spiral monopole

A proposal for extending the bandwidth of a linear horizontal spiral monopole is presented in this work. The proposal consists in the addition of an optimized rectangular loop over the antenna. It is used as a parasite element. A bandwidth of 60.87% was obtained. The analysis of the problem was numerically performed by the finite-difference time-domain method truncated by the uniaxial perfectly matched layers formulation.
LRRK2 Inhibition Attenuates Microglial Inflammatory Responses

Missense mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD), and common genetic variation in LRRK2 modifies susceptibility to Crohn's disease and leprosy. High levels of LRRK2 expression in peripheral monocytes and macrophages suggest a role for LRRK2 in these cells, yet little is known about LRRK2 expression and function in immune cells of the brain. Here, we demonstrate a role for LRRK2 in mediating microglial proinflammatory responses and morphology. In a murine model of neuroinflammation, we observe robust induction of LRRK2 in microglia. Experiments with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-stimulated rat primary microglia show that inflammation increases LRRK2 activity and expression, while inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity or knockdown of protein attenuates TNFα secretion and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction. LRRK2 inhibition blocks TLR4 stimulated microglial process outgrowth and impairs ADP stimulated microglial chemotaxis. However, actin inhibitors that phenocopy inhibition of process outgrowth and chemotaxis fail to modify TLR4 stimulation of TNFα secretion and inducible iNOS induction, suggesting that LRRK2 acts upstream of cytoskeleton control as a stress-responsive kinase. These data demonstrate LRRK2 in regulating responses in immune cells of the brain and further implicate microglial involvement in late-onset PD.
Co-ordinated autophagy with resveratrol and γ-tocotrienol confers synergetic cardioprotection

This study compared two dietary phytochemicals, grape‐derived resveratrol and palm oil‐derived γ‐tocotrienol, either alone or in combination, on the contribution of autophagy in cardioprotection during ischaemia and reperfusion. Sprague‐Dawley rats weighing between 250 and 300 g were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: vehicle, ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R), resveratrol + I/R, γ‐tocotrienol + I/R, resveratrol +γ‐tocotrienol + I/R. For resveratrol treatments, the rats were gavaged with resveratrol (2.5 mg/kg) for 15 days while for γ‐tocotrienol experiments the rats were gavaged with γ‐tocotrienol (0.3 mg/kg) for 30 days. For the combined resveratrol +γ‐tocotrienol experiments, the rats were gavaged with γ‐tocotrienol for 15 days, and then gavaging continued with resveratrol along with γ‐tocotrienol for a further period of 15 days. After 30 days, isolated perfused hearts were subjected to 30 min. of global ischaemia followed by 2 hrs of reperfusion. Our results showed for the first time that at least in part, the cardioprotection (evidenced from the ventricular performance, myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis) with resveratrol and γ‐toctrienol was achieved by their abilities to induce autophagy. Most importantly, resveratrol and γ‐tocotrienol acted synergistically providing greater degree of cardioprotection simultaneously generating greater amount of survival signal through the activation of Akt‐Bcl‐2 survival pathway. Autophagy was accompanied by the activation of Beclin and LC3‐II as well as mTOR signalling, which were inhibited by either 3‐methyl adenine (3‐MA) or Wortmannin. The autophagy was confirmed from the results of transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy as well as with confocal microscopy. It is tempting to speculate that during ischaemia and reperfusion autophagy along with enhanced survival signals helps to recover the cells from injury.
An Adaptive Driver Support System

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the implementation of an adaptive driver support system. Background: Providing support might not always be desirable from a safety perspective, as support may lead to problems related to a human operator being out of the loop. In contrast, adaptive support systems are designed to keep the operator in the loop as much as possible by providing support only when necessary. Method: A total of 31 experienced drivers were exposed to three modes of lane-keeping support: nonadaptive, adaptive, and no support. Support involved continuously updated lateral position feedback shown on a head-up display. When adaptive, support was triggered by performance-based indications of effort investment. Narrowing lane width and increasing density of oncoming traffic served to increase steering demand, and speed was fixed in all conditions to prevent any compensatory speed reactions. Results: Participants preferred the adaptive support mode mainly as a warning signal and tended to ignore nonadaptive feedback. Furthermore, driving behavior was improved by adaptive support in that participants drove more centrally, displayed less lateral variation and drove less outside the lane’s delineation when support was in the adaptive mode compared with both the no-support mode and the nonadaptive support mode. Conclusion: A human operator is likely to use machine-triggered adaptations as an indication that thresholds have been passed, regardless of the support that is initiated. Therefore supporting only the sensory processing stage of the human information processing system with adaptive automation may not feasible. Application: These conclusions are relevant for designing adaptive driver support systems.
Toward Automated Information-Flow Integrity Verification for Security-Critical Applications

We provide a largely automated system for verifying ClarkWilson interprocess information-flow integrity. Information-flow integrity properties are essential to isolate trusted processes from untrusted ones, but system misconfiguration can easily create insecure dependences. For example, an untrusted user process may be able to write to sshd config via a cron script. A useful notion of integrity is the Clark-Wilson integrity model [7], which allows trusted processes to accept necessary untrusted inputs (e.g., network data or print jobs) via filtering interfaces that sanitize the data. However, Clark-Wilson has the requirement that programs undergo formal semantic verification; in practice, this kind of burden has meant that no information-flow integrity property is verified on most widely-used systems. We define a weaker version of Clark-Wilson integrity, called CW-Lite, which has the same interprocess information-flow guarantees, but which requires less filtering, only small changes to existing applications, and which we can check using automated tools. We modify the SELinux user library and kernel module in order to support CW-Lite integrity verification and develop new software tools to aid developers in finding and enabling filtering interfaces. Using our toolset, we found and fixed several integrity-violating configuration errors in the default SELinux policies for OpenSSH and vsftpd.
Activated protein C modulates the proinflammatory activity of dendritic cells

Background Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial activity of activated protein C in allergic diseases including bronchial asthma and rhinitis. However, the exact mechanism of action of activated protein C in allergies is unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that pharmacological doses of activated protein C can modulate allergic inflammation by inhibiting dendritic cells. Materials and methods Dendritic cells were prepared using murine bone marrow progenitor cells and human peripheral monocytes. Bronchial asthma was induced in mice that received intratracheal instillation of ovalbumin-pulsed dendritic cells. Results Activated protein C significantly increased the differentiation of tolerogenic plasmacytoid dendritic cells and the secretion of type I interferons, but it significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide-mediated maturation and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in myeloid dendritic cells. Activated protein C also inhibited maturation and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Activated protein C-treated dendritic cells were less effective when differentiating naïve CD4 T-cells from Th1 or Th2 cells, and the cellular effect of activated protein C was mediated by its receptors. Mice that received adoptive transfer of activated protein C-treated ovalbumin-pulsed dendritic cells had significantly less airway hyperresponsiveness, significantly decreased lung concentrations of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and less plasma concentration of immunoglobulin E when compared to control mice. Conclusion These results suggest that dendritic cells mediate the immunosuppressive effect of activated protein C during allergic inflammation.
A Cryptic Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Unveils a Possible Gynodioecious Past for Arabidopsis thaliana

Gynodioecy, the coexistence of hermaphrodites and females (i.e. male-sterile plants) in natural plant populations, most often results from polymorphism at genetic loci involved in a particular interaction between the nuclear and cytoplasmic genetic compartments (cytonuclear epistasis): cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Although CMS clearly contributes to the coevolution of involved nuclear loci and cytoplasmic genomes in gynodioecious species, the occurrence of CMS genetic factors in the absence of sexual polymorphism (cryptic CMS) is not easily detected and rarely taken in consideration. We found cryptic CMS in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana after crossing distantly related accessions, Sha and Mr-0. Male sterility resulted from an interaction between the Sha cytoplasm and two Mr-0 genomic regions located on chromosome 1 and chromosome 3. Additional accessions with either nuclear sterility maintainers or sterilizing cytoplasms were identified from crosses with either Sha or Mr-0. By comparing two very closely related cytoplasms with different male-sterility inducing abilities, we identified a novel mitochondrial ORF, named orf117Sha, that is most likely the sterilizing factor of the Sha cytoplasm. The presence of orf117Sha was investigated in worldwide natural accessions. It was found mainly associated with a single chlorotype in accessions belonging to a clade predominantly originating from Central Asia. More than one-third of accessions from this clade carried orf117Sha, indicating that the sterilizing-inducing cytoplasm had spread in this lineage. We also report the coexistence of the sterilizing cytoplasm with a non-sterilizing cytoplasm at a small, local scale in a natural population; in addition a correlation between cytotype and nuclear haplotype was detected in this population. Our results suggest that this CMS system induced sexual polymorphism in A. thaliana populations, at the time when the species was mainly outcrossing.
Analysis and Optimisation of Active Database Rules Using Abstract Interpretation and Partial Evaluation

Active databases provide reactive functionality by supporting event-conditionaction rules (also known as triggers). Two key issues in active databases are analysis and optimisation of such rules. In this paper we describe how abstract interpretation and partial evaluation can be applied to these tasks, demonstrating that they provide a useful framework that both encompasses various existing database analysis and optimisation methods, and also aids in the development of new ones. We specify a generic functional semantics for rule execution. From this we derive an abstract execution semantics and show how it can be used for rule termination analysis. We also show how applying partial evaluation to the functional semantics can be used to optimise rule execution. Our application of both abstract interpretation and partial evaluation is tailored towards event-condition-action rules. Thus, the abstractions and specialisations that we develop are novel to our approach. Our methods have wider applicability to reactive data-intensive systems in general. We thus envisage them as being of interest to both the database and the programming language communities 1. 1This work is supported by EPSRC Grant No. GR/L26872.