Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental comparison of FBARs and SMRs responsitivities to mass loadings

The utilisation of thin film technology to develop film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) and solidly mounted resonators (SMRs), offers great potential to outperform the sensitivity and minimum detection limit of gravimetric sensors. Up to now, the choice between FBARs and SMRs depends primarily on the users' ability to design and fabricate Bragg reflectors and/or membranes, because neither of these two types of resonators has been demonstrated to be superior to the other. In the work reported here, it is shown that identically designed FBARs and SMRs resonating at the same frequency exhibit different responsitivities, Rm, to mass loadings, being the FBARs more responsive than the SMRs. For the specific device design and resonant frequency (~2 GHz) of the resonators presented, FBARs' mass responsitivity is ~20% greater than that of SMRs, and although this value should not be taken as universal for all possible device designs, it clearly indicates that FBAR devices should be favoured over SMRs in gravimetric sensing applications.
Hyperhomocysteinemia Exacerbates Cisplatin-induced Acute Kidney Injury

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been linked to several clinical manifestations including chronic kidney disease. However, it is not known whether HHcy has a role in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). In the present study, we reported that HHcy mice developed more severe renal injury after cisplatin injection and ischemia-reperfusion injury shown as more severe renal tubular damage and higher serum creatinine. In response to cisplatin, HHcy mice showed more prevalent tubular cell apoptosis and decreased tubular cell proliferation. Mechanistically, a heightened ER stress and a reduced Akt activity were observed in kidney tissues of HHcy mice after cisplatin injection. Stimulating cultured NRK-52E cells with Hcy significantly increased the fraction of cells in G2/M phase and cell apoptosis together with decreased Akt kinase activity. Akt agonist IGF-1 rescued HHcy-induced cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that HHcy increases the sensitivity and severity of AKI.
Fetal grasping at 16 weeks' gestation

To the Editor:-Documentation of fetal grasping of the umbilical cord at 26 weeks' gestation has been reported previously. • Recently, while scanning a fetus at 16 weeks' gestation (AI Model 5200, Acoustic Im~ aging, Phoenix, AZ) the fetus was noted to be gras~ ing the umbilical cord (Fig. IA). During this brief event, pulsation of the umbilical arteries caused rapid movements of the grasping fetal hand, concurrent with the fetal heart rate. Seconds later the fetus extended its fingers; releasing the grasp (Fig. lB). This fetal reflex is consistent with other specific fetal movements appearing progressively into the midsecond trimester.2
A New Approach to the Design of Efficient Residue Generators for Arbitrary Moduli

Recent analyses demonstrate that operations in some bases of Residue Number System (RNS) exhibit higher resiliency to process variations than in normal binary number system. Under this premise, arbitrary moduli offer greater flexibility in forming high cardinality balanced RNS with variation-insensitive small residue operations for a given dynamic range. Limited in number theoretic property, converting an integer into residue for an arbitrary modulus is as difficult as complex arithmetic operation, particularly for very large wordlength ratio of integer to modulus. This paper presents a new design of efficient residue generators and the design approach is demonstrated with large input wordlength of 64 bits for arbitrary moduli of up to 6 bits. The proposed design eliminates the bottleneck carry propagation additions and modular adder tree of existing designs, and circumvents the undesirably high architectural disparity for different moduli of inconsistent cyclic periodicity. Our experimental results on moduli of different periodicities show that the proposed design is on average 27.7% faster and 28.7% smaller than the state-of-the-art residue generator. Our power simulation results also show that the proposed residue generator has on average reduced the total power and the leakage power of the latter by 44.5% and 24.7%, respectively.
Energy Efficient Coordinated Beamforming Design in Multi-Cell Multicast Networks

In this letter, we study energy efficient physical layer multicasting in multi-cell networks where each base station is equipped with multiple antennas, and transmits a common message using a single beamformer to multiple users in the same cell. The goal of our coordinated beamforming design is to maximize the worst case system energy efficiency while guaranteeing that received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at each user is above a predetermined threshold. The considered optimization problem is in a non-convex fractional form and hard to tackle. We propose to first transform the original problem into a tractable optimization problem which is then solved by developing an iterative optimization algorithm with provable convergence. Numerical results further validate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm and show that the developed algorithm converges to a stable point in a limited number of iterations.
Intravenous Gammaglobulin (IVIG): A Novel Approach to Improve Transplant Rates and Outcomes in Highly HLA‐Sensitized Patients

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products are derived from pooled human plasma and have been used for the treatment of primary immunodeficiency disorders for more than 24 years. Shortly after their introduction, IVIG products were also found to be effective in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Over the past 2 decades, the list of diseases where IVIG has a demonstrable beneficial effect has grown rapidly. These include Kawasaki disease, Guillain‐Barre syndrome, myasthenia gravis, dermatomyositis and demyelinating polyneuropathy. Recently, we have described a beneficial effect on the reduction of anti‐HLA antibodies with subsequent improvement in transplantation of highly HLA‐sensitized patients as well as a potent anti‐inflammatory effect that is beneficial in the treatment of antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR). These advancements have enabled transplantation of patients previously considered untransplantable. These studies and relevant mechanism(s) of action will be discussed here.
Regulatory Lags, Liberalization and Vulnerability to Banking Crises

This article explores the effect of delays in updating prudential regulation on the likelihood of a country experiencing banking crises, and it disentangles the impact of different aspects of regulation on crisis onset. I argue that delays in revision to banks' prudential regulation allow banks to adopt risky behavior, which increases a country's vulnerability to systemic banking crises. This effect, however, is conditional on the level of liberalization of the financial market. At lower levels of liberalization, banks have stronger incentives to escape the constraints of regulation and to take advantage of regulatory lags. At high levels of liberalization, the effect of regulatory lags is curbed, possibly by market discipline. Statistical analyses on a sample of developed and developing countries from 1974–2005 support this argument and help rule out the competing learning hypothesis. These results suggest that the effects of institutions can vary with the passage of time.
Rotational speed measurement through digital imaging and image processing

This paper presents a rotational speed measurement system based on a low-cost imaging device with a simple marker on the rotor. Structural similarity and two-dimensional correlation algorithms are deployed to process the images. The measurement principle, structure design and performance assessment of the proposed system are presented and discussed. The effects of different markers, image processing algorithms and illumination conditions on the performance of the measurement system are quantified through a series of experimental tests on a laboratory test rig. Experimental results suggest that the system is capable of providing the maximum relative error of ±1% with normalized standard deviation less than 0.8% over a speed range from 0 to 700 RPM (Revolutions Per Minute).
Adaptive and non-adaptive models of depression: A comparison using register data on antidepressant medication during divorce

Divorce is associated with an increased probability of a depressive episode, but the causation of events remains unclear. Adaptive models of depression propose that depression is a social strategy in part, whereas non-adaptive models tend to propose a diathesis-stress mechanism. We compare an adaptive evolutionary model of depression to three alternative non-adaptive models with respect to their ability to explain the temporal pattern of depression around the time of divorce. Register-based data (304,112 individuals drawn from a random sample of 11% of Finnish people) on antidepressant purchases is used as a proxy for depression. This proxy affords an unprecedented temporal resolution (a 3-monthly prevalence estimates over 10 years) without any bias from non-compliance, and it can be linked with underlying episodes via a statistical model. The evolutionary-adaptation model (all time periods with risk of divorce are depressogenic) was the best quantitative description of the data. The non-adaptive stress-relief model (period before divorce is depressogenic and period afterwards is not) provided the second best quantitative description of the data. The peak-stress model (periods before and after divorce can be depressogenic) fit the data less well, and the stress-induction model (period following divorce is depressogenic and the preceding period is not) did not fit the data at all. The evolutionary model was the most detailed mechanistic description of the divorce-depression link among the models, and the best fit in terms of predicted curvature; thus, it offers most rigorous hypotheses for further study. The stress-relief model also fit very well and was the best model in a sensitivity analysis, encouraging development of more mechanistic models for that hypothesis.
Adaptive Economic Beliefs: An Equity Premium Puzzle Solution

The Equity risk-premium and volatility puzzles: Is it possible to have a high-equity premium and a low risk-free rate, and a high volatile stock return, have received a great deal of attention but beyond this, the fundamental issues are the following: What are the economic representations that provide such results? What are the relevant links between finance and economics? And what are the consequences for economy? The classic ways to model the financial economy with a representative agent placed in a Lucas tree model, i.e. maximizing consumption-based utility, where fruit is equivalent to dividend and consumption, failed to explain a high equity premium and volatility and a low risk free rate.This paper presents a new approach based on three major changes: A redefinition of the concept of profit linked to wealth increment, an Adaptive Economy supported by Heterogeneous Microeconomic Beliefs, a model in which the agents maximize the utility of all the future wealth increments.This model shares two key principles with the model developed in Modigliani and Miller’s seminal papers: Firstly an economy with investment opportunities in the market of goods and services and secondly an economy where rational agents always prefer more wealth to less and are indifferent as to whether a given increment to their wealth takes the form of dividend or growth in value.
QRM-MLD combined with MMSE-based multipath interference canceller for MIMO multiplexing in broadband DS-CDMA

This paper proposes maximum likelihood detection with QR decomposition and the M-algorithm (QRM-MLD) sophisticatedly combined with the multipath interference canceller (MPIC) based on multipath interference (MPI) replica generation exploiting two-dimensional minimum mean squared error (MMSE) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing in broadband DS-CDMA. Simulation results clarify that the proposed QRM-MLD coupled with MPIC exhibits excellent signal separation capability by sufficient MPI suppression effect through a three-stage MPIC comprising two-dimensional MMSE, followed by QRM-MLD associated with soft-decision Turbo decoding. We also show that the throughput values of 200,250, and 300 Mbps (corresponding frequency efficiency values are 5.0, 6.0, and 7.5 bits/sec/Hz, respectively) are achieved at the average received signal energy per bit-to-noise power spectrum density ratio (E/sub b// N/sub 0/) of approximately 6.0,9.5, and 13.0 dB by QPSK with the coding rate of R = 8/9, 8PSK with R = 3/4, and 8PSK with R = 8/9, respectively in 4-by-4 MIMO multiplexing, for broadband DS-CDMA assuming a 40-MHz bandwidth in a six-path Rayleigh fading channel with the maximum Doppler frequency of 20 Hz.
Detection of ochratoxin A in animal feeds and capacity to produce this mycotoxin by Aspergillus section Nigri in Argentina

Ochratoxin A (OA) is a mycotoxin detected in a variety of food and feeds mostly from countries with a temperate climate because of the fungi that produce it, mainly Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium verrucosum. In Argentina, there is no available information about the natural occurrence of OA and ochratoxigenic fungi from feedstuffs. The aim was to evaluate the natural occurrence of OA in poultry, pig and rabbit feeds over 8 months. Likewise, the capacity to produce OA by Aspergillus section Nigri was investigated. Mycotoxin analysis showed that in some months of sampling, OA was detected in three feeds. OA was found in 38% of the poultry feed samples tested with levels ranging from 25 to 30 ng g−1. From rabbit feed samples, 25% contained OA and the levels ranged from 18.5 to 25 ng g−1. Only 13% of the pig feed samples were contaminated with similar levels of toxins. Ninety-four black Aspergillus strains from feedstuffs were tested for OA production. Among these, the tested species were A. niger var. niger, A. niger var. awamori, A. japonicus var. japonicus, A. japonicus var. aculeatus and A. foetidus. For the detection of OA, three methodologies were applied: the two TLC methods used for the fast screening of the filamentous fungi for the production of OA were not sensitive enough to detect OA in any of the black Aspergillus strains. When an HPLC methodology was used, the results showed that 46% of the black Aspergillus strains were producers of OA, with levels ranging from 13 to 25 ng ml−1 culture medium. The highest percentage of ochratoxicogenic strains was isolated from rabbit feeds with 100 and 78% of A. niger var. niger and A. niger var. awamori, with mean levels of 15.5 and 14.6 ng ml−1, respectively. From pig feeds, 61% of the A. niger var. awamori were producers of this toxin with mean levels of 16 ng ml−1. In poultry feeds, the lowest percentage of OA producer strains was detected. The results for the occurrence of OA in feeds from different sampling months depended on storage and humidity-temperature conditions. Therefore, a good storage practice becomes very important to prevent OA production
Tumor necrosis factor and its p55 and p75 receptors are not required for axonal lesion‐induced microgliosis in mouse fascia dentata

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a potent pro‐inflammatory and neuromodulatory cytokine. In the CNS it is produced primarily by microglia and considered to regulate microglial activation. On the basis of previous observations of increased microglial TNF mRNA synthesis in areas of anterograde axonal and terminal degeneration in mice, we studied the effect of TNF and its p55 and p75 receptors on axonal lesion‐induced microglial activation in fascia dentata following transection of the perforant path (PP) projection. Unexpectedly, cell counting showed that the axonal lesion‐induced microglial response in TNF and TNF‐p55p75 receptor knock out mice and C57BL/6 mice was similar 5 days after the lesion. In addition, the microglial expression of the lysosomal‐associated antigen CD68, and the clearance of MBP+ myelin debris appeared similar in TNF and TNF‐p55p75 receptor knock out mice compared to C57BL/6 mice. Quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization showed the expression of TNF mRNA to be maximally upregulated 6 h after the lesion, and confirmed that TNF mRNA was still upregulated 5 days after lesion when microglial numbers, CD11b mRNA level, and cellular TNF‐p55 and ‐p75 receptor mRNA level reached maximum. However, in spite of the induction of TNF mRNA, TNF protein level remained at base‐line in fascia dentata using immunohistochemistry and ELISA. In conclusion, the results showed a lower than expected lesion‐induced increase in TNF protein, and that neither TNF nor its receptors were required for the axonal lesion‐induced microglial morphological transformation and proliferation or for the initial clearance of degenerated myelin in the PP‐deafferented fascia dentata. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Light focusing by silicon nanosphere structures under conditions of magnetic dipole and quadrupole resonances

Metalens is a planar device for light focusing. In this work, we design and optimize c-Si nanosphere metalenses working on the magnetic dipole and quadrupole resonances of the c-Si nanoparticle. Resonant optical response of c-Si nanostructures is simulated by the multipole decomposition method along with the zero-order Born approximation. Limitations of this approach are investigated. The obtained results of optimization are verified by simulation via the T-matrix method.
Analysis of machine learning algorithms in brain tumour prediction

The tumour is fundamentally an excessive development of dangerous cells in any part of the body, while a tumour in a brain is an unreasonable development of cancerous cells in the brain. Brain tumour can be either benign or malignant. The benign brain tumour has structural consistency and does not include active (cancer) cells, but the malignant brain tumour has no structure consistency and includes active cells. The primary concern is to segment, detect, and extract the infected tumour area from magnetic resonance images (MRI) which are being performed by radiologists or medical experts, and their accuracy is totally dependent on their experience only. Thus, it becomes very essential to overcome these limitations by the use of artificial intelligence. The current paper uses various machine learning algorithms as well as their features to design a structure to predict brain tumour at an early phase by using different classifiers and comparing their respective accuracy parameters.
The Measurement and Interpretation of Real Consumption and Purchasing Power Parity for a Quantity-Constrained Economy: The Case of East and West Germany

When households are subject to quantity constraints, conventional measures of real consumption and purchasing power parity for cross-national comparisons suffer from a new type of index number problem. Additional information on preferences, taken from a demand system estimated for a similar economy without quantity constraints, can be employed to calculate distance function and money-metric indexes of relative real consumption and corresponding measures of purchasing power parity. The procedure is illustrated in a comparison of East and West German consumer prices and consumption expenditures for 1977. Copyright 1989 by The London School of Economics and Political Science.
Trials Of Legal Disputes Involving Independent Auditors - Some Empirical-Evidence

This study examines the use of trials for resolving auditor legal disputes during 1960-90. I provide evidence on the percentage of cases tried to verdict, auditor success rates at trial, judgment amounts on cases decided against auditors, post-trial appeals and settlements, and final resolutions for tried cases. I also discuss auditor reputation considerations in exercising trial options. The study suggests interpretations of observed trial rates and auditor success rates given these considerations. Trial verdicts, whether by judge or jury, are assumed to reflect the merits of cases, i.e., the correct application of the law to the events that actually occurred (Alexander [1991]). Although less than 5% of civil securities actions are litigated to verdict (Alexander [1991, p. 525]), the option of trial is thought to exist in all cases. The option is critical because it means that pretrial resolutions also tend to reflect the merits of cases. ' With the option of trial, litigants rationally
Negative Epistasis Between Beneficial Mutations in an Evolving Bacterial Population

Interactions between genes reduce the benefits of a mutation and decrease the rate of fitness gain during adaptation. Epistatic interactions between mutations play a prominent role in evolutionary theories. Many studies have found that epistasis is widespread, but they have rarely considered beneficial mutations. We analyzed the effects of epistasis on fitness for the first five mutations to fix in an experimental population of Escherichia coli. Epistasis depended on the effects of the combined mutations—the larger the expected benefit, the more negative the epistatic effect. Epistasis thus tended to produce diminishing returns with genotype fitness, although interactions involving one particular mutation had the opposite effect. These data support models in which negative epistasis contributes to declining rates of adaptation over time. Sign epistasis was rare in this genome-wide study, in contrast to its prevalence in an earlier study of mutations in a single gene.
Identifying patients with chronic widespread pain in primary care

Abstract Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is common in the general population. It is unclear how people reporting this problem present in primary care; they may regularly consult for regional pains without being recognized as having a generalized condition. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of people consulting in primary care for musculoskeletal conditions in different body regions on different occasions (recurrent regional pain consultation), the proportion with diagnosed generalized pain and survey-reported widespread pain, and if they have features characteristic of CWP. Phase 1 used electronic records from 12 general practices in North Staffordshire (Consultations in Primary Care Archive) from 2005 to 2009. Phase 2 used linked self-reported health and primary health care data from 8286 people aged >50 years in 8 general practices (North Staffordshire Osteoarthritis Project) between 2002 and 2005. In Phase 1, 11% of registered patients fulfilled criteria for recurrent regional pain consultation. Three-quarters had no recorded CWP-related generalized pain condition (eg, fibromyalgia). In Phase 2, 53% of recurrent regional pain consulters had survey-reported widespread pain and 88% had consulted for somatic symptoms. Self-reported general health was worse in recurrent regional pain consulters than in single-region consulters and poorest in those who also reported persistent widespread pain. Recurrent regional pain consulters are a heterogeneous group of frequent consulters sharing features with CWP (eg, somatic symptoms) but including those less severely affected. They lie on the spectrum of polysymptomatic distress characteristic of CWP and represent a group whose needs may be better met by earlier diagnosis of multisite pain.