Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Gym and the Beach

Fitness culture is becoming gradually more globalized, both in terms of body ideals, and in terms of body techniques and philosophies of the body. This article discusses the consequences of the globalization of fitness. In particular, the article analyzes the relationship between processes of globalization and how local cultural ideals, gender, and environmental factors may contribute to the shaping of specific local gym and fitness cultures. The empirical material is based on an ethnographic case study in Newcastle, Australia, and includes observations from fitness centers and the local surroundings. In addition, interviews with personal trainers, group fitness instructors, and other professionals operating within the fitness field have been conducted. The results show that the construction of a local and national gym and fitness culture to a great extent is influenced by the standardization and globalization of fitness. The fitness industry can be analyzed and understood in terms of a “McDonaldization process. ” This understanding, however, does not capture the whole image of Australian fitness. In the narratives and observations, there are also tendencies to individualize and personalize fitness in local ways, for instance, in relation to assets such as the natural environment and somewhat mythic and romanticized perceptions of an authentic Australian lifestyle.
Serotonergic Modulation of the Olfactory Bulb

Serotonin is a neuromodulator whose actions are thought to modulate mood and brain states. Growing evidence correlates perturbations in the serotonergic system with neuropsychiatric diseases ranging from depression to schizophrenia. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), a serotonergic cluster of neurons in the brainstem, projects widely throughout anterior brain regions, including the olfactory bulb. Electrophysiological recordings from the DRN show that its activity fluctuates with behavior over hundreds of milliseconds. Study of serotonergic modulation of the olfactory bulb has focused on modulation on the timescale of brain states (minutes to hours). This dissertation describes our work to understand how serotonergic inputs affect olfactory bulb codes on the time scale of behavior. Here we show that the serotonergic system plays a role in olfactory bulb coding on fast time scales (hundreds of milliseconds to seconds). Mitral and tufted cells, the two primary types of olfactory bulb output neurons, send olfactory information to distinct downstream targets. Brief stimulation of the DRN led to excitation of tufted cells at rest and potentiation of their odor responses. While mitral cells at rest were also excited by DRN activation, their odor responses could be suppressed or potentiated. This bidirectional modulation led to improved pattern separation of mitral cell odor responses. In vitro whole-cell recordings revealed that specific optogenetic activation of raphe axons affected bulbar neurons through dual release of serotonin and glutamate. Our data indicate that the raphe nuclei, in addition to their role in neuromodulation of brain states, are also involved in fast sub-second top-down modulation, similar to cortical feedback. Notably, this modulation can differentially sensitize or decorrelate distinct output
Mobility-Aware Interference Avoidance Scheme for Vehicular WLANs

Communication technology of future networks is predicted to provide a large variety of services including WiFi service in vehicular network. In this paper, we assume that vehicles are embedded with WiMAX antenna and in-vehicle terminals receive WiMAX traffic through WiFi interface. This assumption will impose severe performance degradation due to interference among mobile BSSs when WiFi access points (APs) are densely located. Existing interference avoidance techniques cannot properly resolve the above problems and do not cope with dynamically moving vehicular scenario since they focus only on the fixed network topology. In this paper, we propose a mobility-aware interference avoidance scheme for WiFi services. The proposed scheme computes the interference duration by exploiting mobility vector and location information of neighboring APs. If the interference duration is not negligible, our scheme searches for another channel in order to avoid interference. However, if the interference duration is negligible, our scheme continues to use the channel to reduce switching overhead. To measure the effectiveness of the proposed scheme against other existing techniques, we evaluated performance by using OPNET simulator. Through the simulation, we obtained about 60% reduction in the maximum interference frequency and about 67% improvement in throughput. Furthermore, our scheme provides fair channel usage.
Single-pass clustering for peer-to-peer information retrieval: the effect of document ordering

Document clustering has been a particularly active research field within the Information Retrieval (IR) community. Among the numerous clustering algorithms proposed, single-pass clustering stands out in terms of both time and space efficiency. However, it is generally acknowledged that single-pass clustering has a major defect, namely its output depends on the order in which documents are presented. Building on our previous work, and having identified single-pass clustering as potentially useful for P2P IR, we study the extent to which this is true in practical terms. We do so by experimenting with two large web-based testbeds, which are suitable for Peer-to-Peer IR evaluation. The results of our study show that document ordering does not practically matter for single-pass clustering.
Spatial Memory for Objects and Words

Four experiments examine whether spatial location information is more likely to be encoded with the memory representation of objects than of words. Sixteen objects or the one-word verbal labels for each were studied on a matrix display, followed by a recall test and then a relocation test. In each experiment, an independent variable known to affect item recall was introduced to test whether spatial location memory would concern itantly vary for both objects and words. In Experiment 1, recall of both objects and words increased with age of the subjects. However, relocation accuracy increased for objects but not for words. In Experiment 2, visual imagery instructions generally improved memory for words without affecting relocation accuracy. In Experiments 3 and 4, prolonging the test delay diminished recall for objects and words. However, relocation accuracy decreased only for the objects. In each experiment, item memory was affected independently of location memory for words but not for objects. The results suggest that different processes are involved in encoding item and location information for words but not for objects.
Kitchen knives and homicide by mentally disordered offenders: a systematic analysis of homicide inquiries in England 1994–2010

There is a lack of data on kitchen knife use, in contrast to generic sharp instruments, in homicide. This systematic study sought evidence of a link between kitchen knife use and unplanned homicide by people with mental disorders. Independent homicide inquiries in England from 1994 to 2010 were analysed. In total, 69 cases were identified with complete data (n = 107); no significant differences were found between the samples with and without available knife data. Kitchen knives were used more frequently than other knives in homicides by users of mental health services, and there was an association with unplanned homicide. Schizophrenia or the presence of mental illness independently did not have a significant effect on the type of knife used. We found evidence against the stereotype of unusual weapons being used by mentally disordered homicide perpetrators and recommend further research into the control of access to kitchen knives to patients with mental disorders.
Crossed Renal Ectopia and Aorto-Occlusive Disease: A Management Strategy

We present a rare case of a patient with aortoiliac occlusive disease on the background of type A crossed renal ectopia, for whom open surgical intervention was required. Aortic exposure in patients with concomitant crossed renal ectopia can present technical challenges to the vascular surgeon. The knowledge of variations in the ectopic renal blood supply is of paramount importance when performing surgery to treat this condition and affects the choice of surgical exposure. We present and discuss the operative details of our patient and outline an approach to this subset of patients.
HoneyGen: An automated honeytokens generator

Honeytokens are artificial digital data items planted deliberately into a genuine system resource in order to detect unauthorized attempts to use information. The honeytokens are characterized by properties which make them appear as genuine data items. Honeytokens are also accessible to potential attackers who intend to violate an organization's security in an attempt to mine information in a malicious manner. One of the main challenges in generating honeytokens is creating data items that appear as real and that are difficult to distinguish from real tokens. In this paper we present “HoneyGen” - a novel method for generating honeytokens automatically. HoneyGen creates honeytokens that are similar to the real data by extrapolating the characteristics and properties of real data items. The honeytoken generation process consists of three main phases: rule mining in which various types of rules that characterize the real data are extracted from the production database; honeytoken generation in which an artificial relational database is generated based on the extracted rules; and the likelihood rating in which a score is calculated for each honeytoken based on its similarity to the real data. A Turing-like test was performed in order to evaluate the ability of the method to generate honeytokens that cannot be detected by humans as honeytokens. The results indicate that participants were unable to distinguish honeytokens having a high likelihood score from real tokens.
Three constructs of institutional identity among international doctoral students in Australia

Postmodern institutional interactions in Australian universities, among students and staff, entail negotiation of identity, legitimacy, and ‘social capital’. For many international students, this happens in an additional language and culture, in English. The case study presented here profiles four international non-English speaking background Ph.D. students in an Australian university, observes their out-of classroom departmental interactions, and uses a sociocultural perspective of second language in use to map their approaches to the negotiation of institutional identity. Two focus group interviews with the participants illustrated how, despite similarities among the participants in the beginning as newcomers to a Western university, students chose different pathways for integration, engagement in institutional interactions, and identity construction. The discussions highlight the role of agency and intentionality in participation and learning through interaction which leads to a critique of the ‘international student' as a label that underplays student agency.
Strength-Constrained Weighted Evolution Model for Wireless Sensor Networks

Complex network theory has attracted considerable attentions over the past few yeas. Mutual properties and evolution process of many natural and artificial networks, can be investigated by this theory. Early work have modeled un-weighted evolution, topological structure and self-organizing mechanism of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we explore weighted evolution dynamics and establish a Strength-Constrained Weighted (SCW) evolving model. By introducing the node's strength, this model not only maintains the dynamic growth of weight, but also confines the strength of the nodes. It is clearly observed that strength and connectivity are limited in simulation experiments, which can play a role on protecting the nodes, in case the strength and connectivity are so high that the energy is consumed fast. Interesting findings are helpful to explore the optimal route pathway for the information transmission and prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks.
Tork: Conformational analysis method for molecules and complexes

A conformational search method for organic molecules and bimolecular complexes is presented. The method, termed Tork, uses normal‐mode analysis in bond–angle–torsion coordinates and focuses on a key subset of torsional coordinates to identify natural molecular motions that lead the initial conformation to new energy minima. New conformations are generated via distortion along these modes and their pairwise combinations, followed by energy minimization. For complexes, special treatment is accorded to the six coordinates that specify the position and orientation of one molecule relative to the other. Tests described here show that Tork is highly efficient for cyclic, acyclic, and mixed single molecules, as well as for host–guest complexes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 1987–1998, 2003
Affordance-map: A map for context-aware path planning

‘Context-awareness’ could be one of the most desired fundamental abilities that a robot should have when sharing a workspace with humans co-workers. Arguably, a robot with appropriate context-awareness could lead to a better human robot interaction. In this paper, we address the problem of combining context-awareness with robotic path planning. Our approach is based on aﬀordance-map, which involves mapping latent human actions in a given environment by looking at geometric features of the environment. This enables us to learn human context in an given environment without observing real human behaviours which themselves are a non-trivial task to detect. Once learned, aﬀordance-map allows us to assign an aﬀordance cost value for each grid location of the map. These cost maps are later used to develop a context-aware global path planning strategy by using the well known A* algorithm. The proposed method was tested in a real oﬃce environment and proved our algorithm is capable of moving a robot in a path that minimises the distractions to human co-workers.
Coordinated Control and Fault Protection Investigation of a Renewable Energy Integration Facility with Solar PVs and a Micro-Turbine

In this paper, a renewable energy integration facility (REIF) with photovoltaic (PV) distributed generation resources for micro-grid applications is studied. In grid-tied operation, the PV system together with the grid supply the power to the local loads while the surplus energy is fed back to the grid. In stand-alone mode, a gas micro-turbine is operated as a master to establish the common AC bus voltage to which the PV inverters can synchronize The experimental results demonstrate the stable operation of the REIF under various generation and load conditions. The power quality can meet the IEEE Standard 1547. Furthermore, the responses of the REIF under different fault conditions are investigated. Relevant protection mechanisms are then developed, providing insights into the fault protection for the future grid.
Regularity encoding in the auditory brain as revealed by human evoked potentials

Acoustic regularity encoding has been associated with a decrease of the neural response to repeated stimulation underlying the representation of auditory objects in the brain. The present thesis encloses two studies that sought to assess the neural correlates of acoustic regularity encoding in the human auditory system, by means of analyzing auditory evoked potentials. Study I was conducted at the Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, at the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Barcelona (Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain), under the direct supervision of Dr. Carles Escera. This study aimed to explore the dynamics of adaptation of the auditory evoked potentials to probabilistic stimuli embedded in a complex sequence of sounds. The main outcome of this study was the demonstration that the amplitude of auditory evoked potentials adapts to the complex history of stimulation with different time constants concurrently: it adapts faster to local and slower to global probabilities of stimulation. This study also showed that auditory evoked potential amplitudes correlate with stimulus expectancy as defined by a combination of local and global stimulus probabilities. Study II was conducted at the Institute of Child Health (ICH), at the University College of London (UCL; London, United Kingdom), under the direct supervision of Dr. Torsten Baldeweg. This study aimed to explore the influence of timing predictability in the neural adaptation to probabilistic stimuli. The main outcome of this study was the demonstration that timing predictability enhances the repetition-related modulation of the auditory evoked potentials amplitude, being essential for repetition effects at early stages of the auditory processing hierarchy.
PCB's legacy: fewer boys.

Objective. To investigate the occurrence of, and risk factors for, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) occurring during the post-partum year. Methods. Demographic and clinical data for women who delivered a term infant with 5-minute Apgar score 5 8 from 1992 through 1999 at a large urban hospital were extracted from an electronic medical record system. Results. During the study period, 15 206 deliveries occurred among 12 549 women. PID was diagnosed during the postpartum year of 148 (1.0%) deliveries. In univariate analysis, young age, black race, and both pre-delivery history and postpartum diagnosis of chlamydial and gonococcal infection were associated with PID. In multivariate analysis, only young age and a positive test for gonorrhea before delivery or post-partum were independent predictors of PID. Conclusions. Pelvic inflammatory disease was diagnosed during the post-partum year in 1% of women studied. Young maternal age was an important demographic risk factor. Further investigation of post-partum STD acquisition and progression to PID is needed to determine whether women are at increased risk following delivery.
Alzheimer disease: quantitative H-1 MR spectroscopic imaging of frontoparietal brain.

PURPOSE To replicate previous hydrogen-1 magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging findings of metabolic abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), to verify that metabolic abnormalities are not an artifact of structural variations measured at MR imaging, to determine whether metabolic changes correlate with dementia severity, and to test whether MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging findings together improve ability to differentiate AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR spectroscopic imaging and MR imaging were performed in 28 patients with AD and 22 healthy elderly subjects. Spectroscopic imaging data were coregistered with MR imaging segmentation data to obtain volume-corrected metabolite concentrations. RESULTS Consistent with previous results, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) levels were statistically significantly reduced in frontal and posterior mesial cortex of AD patients, presumably due to neuronal loss. NAA level reductions were independent of structural variations measured at MR imaging and, in parietal mesial cortex, were correlated mildly with dementia severity. Spectroscopic imaging findings of NAA level combined with MR imaging measures did not improve discrimination power for AD relative to that of MR imaging alone. CONCLUSION Reduced NAA levels in frontoparietal brain are of limited use for diagnosis of AD. However, they are not an artifact of structural variations and thus may provide useful information for the understanding of the pathologic processes underlying AD.
Evolutionary developmental transcriptomics reveals a gene network module regulating interspecific diversity in plant leaf shape

Significance Ever since Darwin’s pioneering research, a major challenge in biology has been to understand the genetic basis of morphological evolution. Utilizing the natural variation in leaf morphology between tomato and two related wild species, we identified a gene network module that leads to a dynamic rewiring of interactions in the whole leaf developmental gene regulatory network. Our work experimentally validates the hypothesis that peripheral regions of network, rather than network hubs, are more likely to contribute to evolutionary innovations. Our data also suggest that, likely due to their bottleneck location in the network, the regulation in KNOX homeobox genes was repeatedly manipulated to generate natural variation in leaf shape. Despite a long-standing interest in the genetic basis of morphological diversity, the molecular mechanisms that give rise to developmental variation are incompletely understood. Here, we use comparative transcriptomics coupled with the construction of gene coexpression networks to predict a gene regulatory network (GRN) for leaf development in tomato and two related wild species with strikingly different leaf morphologies. The core network in the leaf developmental GRN contains regulators of leaf morphology that function in global cell proliferation with peripheral gene network modules (GNMs). The BLADE-ON-PETIOLE (BOP) transcription factor in one GNM controls the core network by altering effective concentration of the KNOTTED-like HOMEOBOX gene product. Comparative network analysis and experimental perturbations of BOP levels suggest that variation in BOP expression could explain the diversity in leaf complexity among these species through dynamic rewiring of interactions in the GRN. The peripheral location of the BOP-containing GNM in the leaf developmental GRN and the phenotypic mimics of evolutionary diversity caused by alteration in BOP levels identify a key role for this GNM in canalizing the leaf morphospace by modifying the maturation schedule of leaves to create morphological diversity.
Searching for a Neurobiological Basis for Self-Medication Theory in ADHD Comorbid With Substance Use Disorders: An In Vivo Study of Dopamine Transporters Using 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT

Purpose Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUD) frequently co-occur. Although several studies have shown changes in striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) density in these disorders, little is known about the neurobiological basis of the comorbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate striatal DAT density in treatment-naive ADHD adolescents with SUD (ADHD + SUD) and without SUD (ADHD), compared to SUD adolescents without ADHD (SUD) and healthy control subjects (HC). Patients and Methods Sixty-two male age-matched subjects diagnosed with DSM-IV criteria were included: ADHD + SUD (n = 18), SUD (n = 14), HC (n = 19), and ADHD (n = 11). Urine tests confirmed participants’ drug use. All subjects performed SPECT scans with 99mTc-TRODAT-1 to evaluate DAT density in the striatum. Results The mean right striatum specific binding were 1.68 (ADHD), 1.38 (ADHD + SUD), 1.19 (HC), 1.17 (SUD), and in left striatum 1.65 (ADHD), 1.39 (ADHD + SUD), 1.19 (HC), and 1.17 (SUD). The ADHD group presented significantly higher striatal DAT density compared with ADHD + SUD, SUD, and HC groups. Adolescents with ADHD + SUD had significantly lower DAT density than those with ADHD, but significantly higher DAT density than those with SUD only and no significant difference from the healthy control group. Conclusion The ADHD + SUD group had lower striatal DAT density in comparison with ADHD without SUD. It is possible to speculate that the use of cannabis and cocaine is responsible for the lower striatal DAT density in this group which would help in understanding the neurobiological basis for the self-medication theory in ADHD adolescents.