Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contribution of the intrinsic curvature to measured DNA persistence length.

The persistence length of DNA, a, depends both on the intrinsic curvature of the double helix and on the thermal fluctuations of the angles between adjacent base-pairs. We have evaluated two contributions to the value of a by comparing measured values of a for DNA containing a generic sequence and for an "intrinsically straight" DNA. In each 10 bp segment of the intrinsically straight DNA an initial sequence of five bases is repeated in the sequence of the second five bases, so any bends in the first half of the segment are compensated by bends in the opposite direction in the second half. The value of a for the latter DNA depends, to a good approximation, on thermal fluctuations only; there is no intrinsic curvature. The values of a were obtained from measurements of the cyclization efficiency for short DNA fragments, about 200 bp in length. This method determines the persistence length of DNA with exceptional accuracy, due to the very strong dependence of the cyclization efficiency of short fragments on the value of a. We find that the values of a for the two types of DNA fragment are very close and conclude that the contribution of the intrinsic curvature to a is at least 20 times smaller than the contribution of thermal fluctuations. The relationship between this result and the angles between adjacent base-pairs, which specify the intrinsic curvature, is analyzed.
The efficacy of co-feeding as a means of maintaining Borrelia burgdorferi: a North American model system.

Although research on co-feeding as a means of maintaining tick-borne pathogens has focused chiefly on viruses, recent interest has been directed toward the importance of this phenomenon in maintaining the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. In the current study, an experimental model was developed to determine under what conditions immature co-feeding ticks exchange B. burgdorferi using the principal North American vector (Ixodes scapularis) and reservoir (Peromyscus leucopus) species. Experiments conducted with the density of ticks likely to be encountered in nature (8 nymphs & < 40 larvae) demonstrated that no co-feeding larvae became infected; in contrast, horizontal transmission infected 30-64% of test larvae. Only the highest densities of ticks (40 nymphs & > 200 larvae) produced infected larvae (5%) upon co-feeding of larvae and nymphs. An important role for co-feeding in the ecology of Lyme disease in North America has yet to be established.
Calculation of Magnetization and Permeability Tensor of a Partially Magnetized Cylindrical Ferrite Resonator

A accurate method of calculating a magnetization and permeability tensor of ferrites is proposed in this paper. We introduce a cylindrical ferrite resonator that is located between parallel metal plates. We theoretically derive exact eigenvalue equations for the mode-splitting phenomenon of the HE111 mode. We also show that the mode-splitting behavior depends on a single magnetization value of the ferrite. The magnetization and permeability tensor components are computed from the measured resonant frequencies of the resonator. We present an analysis of cylindrical ferrite resonator and its experimental results.
Effect of metabolic acidosis on the PTH receptor-adenylate cyclase system of canine kidney.

The phosphaturic action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is blunted during metabolic acidosis. Previous studies suggest that the activation of renal cortical adenylate cyclase by PTH is decreased under this condition. However, the mechanisms underlying the defect are not completely defined. The present studies were designed to examine the interaction of PTH with its receptor-adenylate cyclase system in basolateral cortical membranes from dogs with metabolic acidosis. Chronic metabolic acidosis was induced in seven normal dogs. Venous blood pH decreased to 7.21 +/- 0.01 and serum bicarbonate to 12.58 +/- 0.32 meq/liter. In seven control dogs blood pH was 7.38 +/- 0.002 and serum bicarbonate was 20.14 +/- 0.26 meq/liter. The kidneys were surgically removed and basolateral membranes were prepared by differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation in discontinuous sucrose density gradients for studies of adenylate cyclase activity and hormone-receptor binding. Metabolic acidosis resulted in a significant decrease in PTH-dependent adenylate cyclase activity (Vmax 2,119 +/- 150 pmol cAMP X mg prot-1 .30 min-1 vs. 3,548 +/- 116 in the controls). The PTH concentration giving half-maximal activation of adenylate cyclase was unchanged. However, PTH-receptor binding showed similar affinity and binding capacity in both groups of membranes. Basal enzyme activity was also similar. In the presence of the GTP analogue 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate, PTH-dependent adenylate cyclase activity remained markedly decreased in the acidotic dog membranes compared with the controls. The ability of NaF to stimulate enzyme activity was also depressed in the membrane of acidotic dogs. Enzyme activity in the presence of Mn2+ was similar in the two groups. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Application of gradient corrections to density-functional theory for atoms and solids.

Gradient corrections have been shown to improve the accuracy of density-functional theory (DFT) when applied to homonuclear dimers, small molecules, and bulk properties of transition metals (such as Fe). A more thorough evaluation is needed before adopting these corrections for large-scale computations in solids. We investigate a broad range of different systems by using the most recently proposed gradient correction to DFT by Perdew and Wang, which is expected to give a marked improvement over earlier attempts. We find that when this correction is used to calculate the energy of atoms it gives better agreement with experiment than the local-density approximation (LDA)
Dorsolateral Striatal Selection and Frontal Cortex Inhibition for a Selective Detection Task in Mice

A learned sensory-motor behavior engages multiple brain regions, including the neocortex and the basal ganglia. How these brain regions coordinate to affect sensory selection (for target stimuli) and inhibition (for distractor stimuli) remains unknown. Here, we performed laminar electrophysiological recordings and muscimol inactivation in frontal cortex and dorsolateral striatum to determine the representations within and functions of each region during selective detection performance. From the recording experiments, in deep layers of frontal cortex and dorsolateral striatum we observed similar encoding of sensory and motor features. However, muscimol inactivation of each region resulted in drastically different outcomes. Inactivation of target-aligned striatum substantially reduced behavioral responses to all task stimuli without disrupting the ability to respond, suggesting essential roles in sensory selection. In contrast, inactivation of distractor-aligned frontal cortex increased responses to distractor stimuli, indicating essential roles in distractor inhibition. Overall, these data suggest distinct functions of frontal cortex and dorsolateral striatum in this task, despite having similar neuronal representations.
Mark–recapture and Moran curve estimates of the survival probabilities of an island population of tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae)

A study on populations of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood on Antelope Island, Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe provided Jolly-Seber (J-S) mark–recapture estimates of adult survival and Moran curve estimates of the overall survival of all developmental stages. For females, Moran survival estimates derived using ox fly-round catches showed similar trends to, but were more variable than, those calculated from J-S population estimates. Regression of one set on the other removed only 26% of the variance. Undue emphasis should not be placed on small changes in Moran survival estimates based on sequences of catches. Catch data cannot provide Moran estimates of male survival probabilities and no comparison is thus possible with estimates from the J-S data. The J-S and the Moran approaches were combined to estimate survival probabilities of the immature stages of male and female tsetse. The overall survival per three-week period averaged 45% for males and 59% for females, comprising mature adult survivals of 27 and 46%, and pooled survivals of immature stages of 59 and 77%, respectively. The high survival of immature flies is due to the sheltered, inactive nature of pupal life. Adult and overall survival probabilities were highly correlated in males (r2 = 0.61) but less so in females (r2 = 0.24) where capture rates were lower and variance in the results greater. Immature and overall survival was more highly correlated for both sexes, with r2 = 0.77 and 0.53 for males and females respectively. When a fixed pupal mortality of 1% per day was assumed, estimates of the survival of young adult males suggested that these were even lower than the survival of mature flies at the harshest times of the year, but were not markedly different when overall survival was high. Assuming equal mortality in all adults enabled the estimation of pupal survival. These had high variances but there was no evidence of any difference between the survival probabilities of male and female pupae.
Traffic Monitoring System Based on Correlation between BGP Messages and Traffic Data

An anomalous change in traffic distributions caused by an external inter-domain routing change leads to congestion of some network links, which then affects the network quality or disrupts traffic. Thus, network operators need to promptly deal with these problems by changing the routing policy or by soliciting the help of an involved or neighboring network operator through operator channels. In addition, they need to diagnose situations in which customers are affected by the incident or in which destinations become unreachable. Although this task is indispensable, understanding the situation is difficult since the cause lies outside the operators' network domains. To alleviate the load on operators, we developed a system for monitoring traffic shifts and the disruptions caused by BGP routing changes. It is challenging to extract information that is more valid from a large amount of BGP update messages and traffic flow records. By correlating these data, the system provides meaningful reports and visualized traffic statistics, and it enables operators to easily detect the cause of traffic changes and to investigate the extent of damage. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the system and evaluate its feasibility by applying it to an ISP backbone network. In addition, we present a case study of traffic changes that the system detected.
Transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease: phenotype and application

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of senile dementia, for which there is presently no disease-based treatment. The identification of genetic factors contributing to this disease, and the intense investigation into the cell biology of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and, to some extent, tau, has led to the development of several transgenic mouse models of this disease. These mice show some of the characteristic AD pathology, such as an age-dependent formation of amyloid plaques consisting of A&bgr; peptides. However, they usually lack both the tau pathology, i.e. neurofibrillary tangle formation, and the neurodegeneration also associated with AD. Importantly, many of these transgenic lines develop age-dependent deficits in some relevant behavioural tests and thus provide an animal model not only for amyloidosis but also for the cognitive deficits of AD patients. Incorporation of additional disease genes may lead to models that show a more complete disease phenotype. This review attempts to summarize much of this work, and describes how the availability of these models should assist in the understanding of AD aetiology and the identification of effective treatments for this disease. The review also considers the role behavioural testing may have in future AD drug discovery research.
Some factors affecting the severity of infection with Eimeria tenella in chicken embryos

SUMMARY Some factors affecting the suceptibility of chick embryos to E. tenella infection have been examined. An incubation temperature of 41 °C was found to be more suitable for the development of the parasite than 38 or 39 °C. At the higher temperature development of schizonts was more rapid and mortality caused by the parasite occurred earlier and was substantially greater. Mortality, caused by E. tenella, was dose related and doses between 15000 and 45000 sporozoites produced 100 % mortality in embryos incubated at 41 °C. There were differences in the susceptibility of three strains of W.L. embryos to E. tenella infection; ‘S’ strain W.L. embryos were more susceptible than either ‘C’ or ‘K’ strains. However, the susceptibility was not evident in hatched chickens of the ‘S’ strain. Two laboratory strains of E. tenella (‘W’, ‘H’) were shown to produce different mortality levels in embryos; the ‘W’ strain was markedly more virulent, perhaps because schizonts of the 2nd generation matured more rapidly in both embryos and chickens inoculated with this strain of E. tenella. I wish to thank Dr R. K. Cole of Cornell University for making three strains of W.L. embryos available to me for this work. I also wish to thank the Governing Body of the Houghton Poultry Research Station; the Agricultural Research Council and the Avian Diseases Department of Cornell University for making it possible for me to undertake a substantial part of this work at that University in 1968. Grateful thanks are due to Dr P. P. Levine, D. L'Amoreaux and M. S. Shirley for their help at various stages of the work.
Extensive hypopigmentation after starting antiretroviral treatment in an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐seropositive African woman

Introduction Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are highly susceptible to adverse dermatological reactions to specific medications. 1,2 Antiretrovirals, particularly nevirapine, have been associated with a wide range of severe cutaneous conditions such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. 1,2 We report a case of extensive depigmentation in an African woman on a nevirapine-based regimen.
MHz-Band RF signal propagation characteristics on human-equivalent phantom for intra-body communication

Near-field coupling communication (NFCC) is a technology that uses the surface of the human body as a data transmission path in the MHz-Band. It is important to assess the loss of signal propagation on the human body to design stable NFCC links. We measured the signal propagation characteristics on and above a phantom which is equivalent to the human body with a transmitter powered by a battery and an electrically isolated probe as a receiver. We also evaluated the signal loss characteristics with a high frequency structure simulator. We confirmed the dependencies of signal loss on distance in both experiments and simulations. We also found from the results that the propagation loss characteristics had similar dependence when we changed the position of the transmitter with that of the receiver.
Silicone-induced Penile Sclerosing Lipogranuloma: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings

Sclerosing lipogranuloma is a rare benign disease, representing a peculiar granulomatous reaction of fatty tissue. The majority of cases are secondary to injection of exogenous foreign bodies, such as silicone, paraffin, mineral, or vegetable oils. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case of a silicone-induced penile lipogranuloma in a 52-year-old man evaluated with a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol, including diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. MRI of the penis by combining both conventional and functional information represents an important imaging tool in the preoperative workup of silicone-induced penile lipogranuloma.
Grouping Together to Fight Cancer: The Role of WeChat Groups on the Social Support and Self-Efficacy

With the increasing number of cancer survivors, the question of how to coexist with cancer has become more and more pressing. This research uses a mutual help WeChat group organized by cancer patients as the research field to observe the daily interactions of cancer patients, so as to improve understanding of how social media technology can help cancer patients in the treatment and recovery process. The study found that the WeChat group is the main source of health knowledge for the participating cancer patients, and that when compared to traditional web-based patient mutual aid communities, the WeChat group is a more timely, popular, continuous, and accurate source of information. Patients in the group can listen and respond to each other's questions and worries, providing both an outlet for patients to vent their emotions and concerns and a source of recognition and encouragement. In addition, this study found that the WeChat mutual aid group improves patients' self-efficacy of disease on four levels: successful experience in curing patients, imitating patients' behavior, verbal persuasion, and emotional support.
A ZnO/ZnMgO Multiple-Quantum-Well Ultraviolet Random Laser Diode

A ZnO/ZnMgO multiple-quantum-well ultraviolet (UV) random laser diode was fabricated on a commercially available n-type GaN wafer using a radio frequency magnetron sputtering system. The electroluminescence measurements revealed that the diode exhibited fairly pure UV random lasing centered at ~370 nm under sufficient forward bias at room temperature. The full-widths at half-maximum of the sharp lasing peaks are less than 0.4 nm. The device has a very low threshold current density of 4.7 A/cm2 and extremely weak visible emission.
The Singing Subaltern

These words are spoken by Mall Singh, a prisoner of war in the ‘Halfmoon-Camp’ in the city of Wünsdorf in Germany. The recording, done on 11 December 1916, was among the 2677 audio recordings conducted by the Royal Prussian Phonographic Commission, between 29 December 1915 and 19 December 1918, on the First World War POWs held in Germany, including a large number of non-white colonial prisoners. This was a singular ethnological undertaking at the time.Masterminded by the philologist Wilhelm Doegen, the Commission comprised thirty academics who toured thirty-oneprison camps inGermanyandmade recordings inapproximately 250 languages and dialects. The prisoners were given a set text – a popular one was the Parable of the Prodigal Son – and asked to read it out; a transcription was then arranged, ‘palatogrammes’ weremade to determine the tongue position of the speaker, and even X-rays of the larynx done for scientific research. The only ‘human’ traces in thesemachine-like voices are the occasional coughs, the odd pause, the strained timbre. Recruited from usually poor, semi-or non-literate peasant-warrior classes and held captive in these prison camps, these non-white colonial soldiers and labourers of the First World War were ‘subalterns’ both in terms of class origin and predicament. If Friday had his tongue cut out in Coetze’s Foe, these prisoners seem to have been muted in the very act of speaking. But Mall Singh, managing to bypass authoritarian
Extracerebellar role for Cerebellin1: Modulation of dendritic spine density and synapses in striatal medium spiny neurons

Cerebellin1 (Cbln1) is a secreted glycoprotein that was originally isolated from the cerebellum and subsequently found to regulate synaptic development and stability. Cbln1 has a heterogeneous distribution in brain, but the only site in which it has been shown to have central effects is the cerebellar cortex, where loss of Cbln1 causes a reduction in granule cell‐Purkinje cell synapses. Neurons of the thalamic parafascicular nucleus (PF), which provide glutamatergic projections to the striatum, also express high levels of Cbln1. We first examined Cbln1 in thalamostriatal neurons and then determined if cbln1 knockout mice exhibit structural deficits in striatal neurons. Virtually all PF neurons express Cbln1‐immunoreactivity (‐ir). In contrast, only rare Cbln1‐ir neurons are present in the central medial complex, the other thalamic region that projects heavily to the dorsal striatum. In the striatum Cbln1‐ir processes are apposed to medium spiny neuron (MSN) dendrites; ultrastructural studies revealed that Cbln1‐ir axon terminals form axodendritic synapses with MSNs. Tract‐tracing studies found that all PF cells retrogradely labeled from the striatum express Cbln1‐ir. We then examined the dendritic structure of Golgi‐impregnated MSNs in adult cbln1 knockout mice. MSN dendritic spine density was markedly increased in cbln1−/− mice relative to wildtype littermates, but total dendritic length was unchanged. Ultrastructural examination revealed an increase in the density of MSN axospinous synapses in cbln1−/− mice, with no change in postsynaptic density length. Thus, Cbln1 determines the dendritic structure of striatal MSNs, with effects distinct from those seen in the cerebellum. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2525–2537, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cross-Talk Between m6A- and m5C-Related lncRNAs to Construct a Novel Signature and Predict the Immune Landscape of Colorectal Cancer Patients

Background N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytosine (m5C) can modify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), thereby affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the potential roles and cross-talk of m6A- and m5C-related lncRNAs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their effect on prognosis. Methods We systematically evaluated the expression patterns of m6A- and m5C-related lncRNAs in 1358 colorectal cancer (CRC) samples from four datasets. Consensus clustering was conducted to identify molecular subtypes of CRC, and the clinical significance, TME, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), and immune checkpoints in the different molecular subtypes were analyzed. Finally, we established a m6A- and m5C-related lncRNA signature and a prognostic nomogram. Results We identified 141 m6A- and m5C-related lncRNAs by co-expression analysis, among which 23 lncRNAs were significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) of CRC patients. Two distinct molecular subtypes (cluster A and cluster B) were identified, and these two distinct molecular subtypes could predict clinicopathological features, prognosis, TME stromal activity, TIICs, immune checkpoints. Next, a m6A- and m5C-related lncRNA signature for predicting OS was constructed, and its predictive capability in CRC patients was validated. We then constructed a highly accurate nomogram for improving the clinical applicability of the signature. Analyses of clinicopathological features, prognosis, TIICs, cancer stem cell (CSC), and drug response revealed significant differences between two risk groups. In addition, we found that patients with a low-risk score exhibited enhanced response to anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these lncRNAs related to the high-risk group were involved in the development and progression of CRC. Conclusions We conducted a comprehensive analysis of m6A- and m5C-related lncRNAs in CRC and revealed their potential functions in predicting tumor-immune-stromal microenvironment, clinicopathological features, and prognosis, and determined their role in immunotherapy. These findings may improve our understanding of the cross-talk between m6A- and m5C-related lncRNAs in CRC and pave a new road for prognosis assessment and more effective immunotherapy strategies.