Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population-based age-specific incidences of cytogenetic subgroups of acute myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES It is well known that the different cytogenetic subgroups of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) show different age-specific frequencies. For example, balanced translocations tend to be found in younger patients while complex aberrant karyotypes are usually found in elderly patients with AML. However, detailed data on the population-based age-dependent incidences of distinct cytogenetic subtypes as well as of molecular mutations are lacking. DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated the population-based age-specific incidences of different cytogenetic subgroups in 2555 patients with AML between 21 and 70 years of age. We also investigated the association of specific molecular markers (FLT3-M, FLT3- TKD, MLL-PTD, NRAS, CEPBA, KITD816). RESULTS The incidence of balanced translocations was rather constant over lifetime. In contrast, the incidence of unbalanced aberrations and especially complex aberrant karyotypes increased sharply with age. There were also different age-specific incidences of some recurrent molecular mutations. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS These results are suggestive of different mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AML.
Bridge Control domain kernel-space Xen HyperVisor H 1 H 2 Switch Dilated Time Host Host

The proliferation of cloud computing has compelled the research community to rethink fundamental aspects of network systems and architectures. However, the tools commonly used to evaluate new ideas have not kept abreast of the latest developments. Common simulation and emulation frameworks fail to provide scalability, fidelity, reproducibility and execute unmodified code, all at the same time. We present SELENA, a Xen-based network emulation framework that offers fully reproducible experiments via its automation interface and supports the use of unmodified guest operating systems. This allows out-of-the-box compatibility with common applications and OS components, such as network stacks and filesystems. In order to faithfully emulate faster and larger networks, SELENA adopts the technique of time-dilation and transparently slows down the passage of time for guest operating systems. This technique effectively virtualizes the availability of host’s hardware resources and allows the replication of scenarios with increased I/O and computational demands. Users can directly control the tradeoff between fidelity and running-times via intuitive tuning knobs. We evaluate the ability of SELENA to faithfully replicate the behavior of real systems and compare it against existing popular experimentation platforms. Our results suggest that SELENA can accurately model networks with aggregate link speeds of 44 Gbps or more, while improving by four times the execution time in comparison to ns3 and exhibits near-linear scaling properties.
Affirmative Action and Racial Segregation

Prior research suggests that statewide affirmative action bans reduce minority enrollment at selective colleges while leaving the overall college enrollment of minorities unchanged. However, the effect of these bans on across-college racial segregation has not yet been estimated. This effect is theoretically ambiguous because of a U-shaped relationship across colleges between minority enrollment and college selectivity. This paper uses variation in the timing of affirmative action bans across states to estimate their effects on racial segregation as measured by standard exposure and dissimilarity indexes, finding that affirmative action bans increased segregation across colleges in some cases but reduced it in others. In particular, early affirmative action bans in states with highly selective public universities appear to be associated with less segregation, whereas more recent affirmative action bans appear to be associated with more segregation.
Use of Isoxsuprine for Treatment of Clinical Signs Associated With Presumptive Atherosclerosis in a Yellow-naped Amazon Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala auropalliata)

ABSTRACT A 35-year-old yellow-naped Amazon parrot (Amazona ochrocephala auropalliata) was presented for gradually increasing inappetence, ataxia, weakness, and lethargy. Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings were strongly suggestive of atherosclerosis. Isoxsuprine, a peripheral vasodilator demonstrated to be of benefit in humans with intermittent limb pain, weakness, and lameness secondary to occlusive vascular disease, was selected for treatment. The bird's clinical signs resolved during treatment but recurred after varying periods of time when the medication was stopped intermittently. Nearly 3 years after the initial examination, the parrot was doing well on isoxsuprine therapy, with normal prehension of food with its feet and no recurrence of clinical signs.
Two-Way Multi-Antenna Relaying with Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer

In this paper, we propose various kinds of two-way multi-antenna relaying with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and investigate their performance. Specifically, we first consider a two-way relay network where two single-antenna end nodes communicate with each other through a multi-antenna relay node that is energy constrained. This relay node harvests energy from the two end nodes and use the harvested energy for forwarding their information. Six relaying schemes that support the considered network then build on the power splitting-based relaying and time switching-based relaying protocols. The average bit error rates of these schemes are evaluated and compared by computer simulations considering several network parameters, including the number of relay antennas, power splitting ratio, and energy harvesting time. Such evaluation and comparison provide useful insights into the performance of SWIPT-based two-way multi-antenna relaying.
The T-Knot Motif Revisited

Abstract The T-knot scaffold, a disulphide-reinforced structural motif shared by several proteins with very different biological functions, has been defined as ‘a stretch of the protein chain which comprises two strands of a β-sheet and three loops, knotted by two disulphides into the shape of the letter T’. In this communication we show that the presence of a central β-sheet is not a required structural feature for proteins sharing the T-knot topology. Moreover, superposition of the three-dimensional structures of representative members of the T-knot family highlights a common and structurally well-defined core, formed by the two knotted disulphides, substituting for a larger residue-based hydrophobic core. These results suggest that folding and stability of the T-knot scaffold mainly depend on the geometry of the two knotted disulphides and on the loop length, and that the secondary structure elements are not a prerequisite for motif formation. Accordingly, a redefinition of the T-knot motif is proposed.
Head and neck diseases in an ancient Indian surgical text (The Sushruta-samhita).

DESCRIPTIONS of diseases and methods for their treatment can be found in the earliest available texts of the inhabitants of the Indo-gangetic plain. The oldest, the Rig-Veda, deals with non-traumatic diseases treated mainly by magical rites (Pal and Chakravorty), the later Atharva-Veda concerns itself largely with medical matters though treatment methods are still more magical than rational. The golden age of Hindu medicine is still later in time and the Ayurveda (or Science of Life) is stated to derive from the Atharva-Veda. Of the three major postVedic texts the Sushruta-samhita deals most with surgical problems and the present discussion will be limited to material contained in the Sushruta-samhita. While the exact date of compilation of the Sushruta-samhita cannot be decided because of various reasons discussed elsewhere (Chakravorty, Jolly, Keswani, Winternitz), it is generally agreed that this was between the sixth and third century before Christ (Satyaprakash). A fresh examination of the original sanskrit text has been attempted and has been compared with various presently available recensions (Ambikadattashastri, Bhisagratna, Ghanekar, Sengupta, etc.). Most of the original text is presented here in free translation or pr6cis, keeping the sense of the original as close as possible to modern terminology. The Sushruta-samhita is divided into six major sections-the Sutrasthanam (Su),t Nidanasthanam (Ni), Sharerasthanam (Sh), Chikitsasthanam (Ci), Kalpasthanam (Ka) and the Uttaratantram (Ut). Each section is further subdivided into chapters or Adhyayas made up of a variable number of shlokas or statements in verse or prose. The Sutrasthanam defines the various subdivisions of Ayurveda as being eight in number. Two of these are Shalyatantra (approximately general surgery) and Shalakyatantra. The latter deals with the diseases of the parts of the body above the clavicles (Yatru), i.e., of the eyes, the ears, the nose, the oral cavity, etc. (Su/l/10). It also includes general measures in management-surgical, medical, dietetic, applications of eye drops, ear drops and medicated snuff, incantations, divination and prognostics. The general principles of surgery, operative methods, surgical instruments and postoperative care have been discussed elsewhere (Chakravorty, Satyaprakash) and will not be recapitulated. Information on the diagnosis and management of head and neck diseases is scattered throughout the entire text-the Uttaratantra concerns itself specially with these problems. In common with other postVedic texts, the Sushruta-samhita subscribes to the Tridosha or trihumoral theory of health and disease. Derangement of one or more of these three fundamental principles is believed to cause disease and therefore diagnosis and treatment are largely dependent upon the correct interpretation of the Dosha or Doshas at fault. In diseases caused by external agents or by trauma, the response to treatment and ultimate healing is thought to be conditioned by the constitutional characteristics of the patient (Bhisagratna, Ghanekar, Seal). This often causes prob-
Distribution, Status, and Biology of the Atlantic Humpback Dolphin, Sousa teuszii (Kükenthal, 1892)

7 Centre National des Sciences Halieutiques de Boussoura (CNSHB), c/o BP 307, Ministere de Peches et de l'Aquaculture, 7 Centre National des Sciences Halieutiques de Boussoura (CNSHB), c/o BP 307, Ministere de Peches et de l'Aquaculture, 7 Abstract The distribution, status, and biology of the Atlantic humpback dolphin (Sousa teuszii) is criti- cally reviewed, and results of recent research are discussed. The species' known distribution limits are, in the north, Dahkla Bay (23o50'N), Western Sahara, and in the south, Tombua (15o47'S), southern Angola. Its habitat is predominantly inshore coastal and estuarine, over soft-sediment bottoms. There is no evidence that it might occur beyond the brackish waters of estuaries into a riv- erine, fresh-water habitat. There are no records for the Senegal, Casamance, and Niger Rivers. A total of eight stocks are provisionally dis- cerned for management purposes. Six of these are confirmed-contemporary (based on recent records), including Dahkla Bay, Banc d'Arguin, Saloum-Niumi, Canal do Geba-Bijagos, South Guinea, and Angola. Two stocks, the Cameroon Estuary and Gabon, are historical, and new field- work needs to confirm their current presence. No inference is made on degree of reproductive isola- tion and biological population status of any named stock. The potential existence of a western Togo stock is currently under study. Nine coastal states, including Morocco (Western Sahara), Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea- Conakry, Cameroon, Gabon, and Angola are confirmed range states. While historically distribution may have been quasi-continuous over the species' range, indi- cations of contemporary distribution gaps are emerging. Ongoing monitoring of cetacean takes in coastal fisheries off western Ghana, and experi- mental whale-watching sorties in Benin have not yielded a single record. The species has either become rare through human-related pressures or, less likely, it never lived there. For most other areas there is little, if any, information due to the lack of research. No abundance estimates are available for any stock. The smallest extant stock may be the north- ernmost, Dahkla Bay. The aggregated number of individuals seen in four sightings was 28 individu- als. The healthiest known stock seems to be Canal do Geba-Bijagos (in Guinea-Bissau), which may number at least several hundred, if not more. How extensively humpback dolphins range in-between core areas is unclear, but only a few individuals have been encountered. There is no evidence for seasonality in pres- ence, nor for seasonal movements. Regular cross- border movements between the Saloum Delta (Senegal) and Niumi National Park (The Gambia) technically qualifies S. teuszii as a "migratory spe- cies" under the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS) Convention. Fisheries-related mortality is thought to be significantly higher than the few recorded takes suggest because it is very rarely reported. Combined with habitat encroachment, such losses may threaten the long-term survival of some stocks.
[PM₂.₅ Background Concentration at Different Directions in Beijing in 2013].

PM₂. ₅, background concentration at different directions in 2013 in Beijing was analyzed combining the techniques of mathematical statistics, physical identification and numerical simulation (CMAQ4.7.1) as well as using monitoring data of six PM₂. ₅ auto-monitoring sites and five meteorological sites in 2013. Results showed that background concentrations of PM₂. ₅ at northwest, northeast, eastern, southeast, southern and southwest boundary sites were between 40.3 and 85.3 µg · m⁻³ in Beijing. From the lowest to the highest, PMPM₂. ₅ background concentrations at different sites were: Miyun reservoir, Badaling, Donggaocun, Yufa, Yongledian and Liulihe. Background concentration of PM₂. ₅ was the lowest under north wind, then under west wind, and significantly higher under south and east wind. Calculated PM₂. ₅ background average concentrations were 6.5-27.9, 22.4-73.4, 67.2-91.7, 40.7-116.1 µg · m⁻³ respectively in different wind directions. Simulated PM₂. ₅ background concentration showed a clear north-south gradient distribution and the surrounding area had a notable effect on the spatial distribution of PM₂. ₅ background concentration in 2013 in Beijing.
Accumulation of mtDNA Defects and Changes in mtDNA Content in Mouse and Rat Tissues with Aging

Mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) makes an essential contribution to the normal respiratory function of the mitochondria by coding for 13 protein subunits of the respiratory chain, 22 mitochondrial transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs. Mitochondria1 biogenesis is a continuous process even in postmitotic tissues, with a half-life for mtDNA of 1-2 weeks. Although the egg usually inherits a functionally unimpaired population of mtDNA, defective mtDNA variants (with point mutations or rearrangements of sequence) are occasionally transferred and reach concentrations high enough (10-20% or more of the mtDNA population of a tissue) to cause human diseases involving primarily the central nervous system and muscle. ’ In a large subset of these diseases, the mtDNA defect is due to deletions of sequence ranging from 0.4-7 kb, but a 5-kb deletion flanked by identical direct repeats is the most common.2 Deleted mtDNA forms appear to have a selective advantage and increase in relative concentration with age.3 On the basis, in part, of the pathogenesis of human mitochondrial diseases, it was proposed that an accumulation of somatic mtDNA mutations throughout life may be an important contributor to late-onset degenerative diseases and the gradual loss of efficiency of mitochondrial oxidative energy metabolism during aging? Using the polymerase chain reaction, several investigators detected the mtDNA form containing the “common” 5-kb deletion in tissues from normal human adults at low concentrations (on the order of 0.1%), but with increasing frequency with age*-’; the same deleted form occurred at concentrations at least 10 times higher (about 5%) in the striatum of patients with Parkinson’s disease. ’ In studying the sequence heterogeneity of mtDNA in relation to aging, we carried out an electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis of mouse liver mtDNA isolated from 9and 29-month-old BALB/c mice.s Highly purified mtDNA was digested with EcoR1, carried through a cycle of denaturation and reassociation, and examined for the occurrence of mismatched segments (FIG. 1). Single-stranded loops and “knobs” indicative of deletions/insertions occurred significantly more frequently in senescent mtDNA (about 11% of heteroduplexes) than in young adult mtDNA (about 2%). The deletions/insertions varied in size from 0.15-3.3 kb and were distributed at variable albeit nonrandom sites in the mtDNA genome, indicating that they were caused by multiple, independent mutational events. If the mutant mtDNA molecules were concentrated in a small fraction of cells, as suggested by the focal distribution pattern of mitochondrial my~pathies,~ the respiratory function of these cells could be severely affected. A similar mechanism may underlie the age-related
Mechanism of induction of mammary differentiation is Sprague-Dawley female rats by perphenazine.

Mammary growth and secretion were produced in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats by daily administration of 5 mg/k/day of perphenazine, an amino derivative of chlorophenothiazine (Trilafon) for 5 days. Identical treatment given to hypophysectomized rats failed to produce any mammary gland growth. The addition of estradiol (10 μg/k/day), progesterone (1 mg/k/day), hydrocortisone (10 mg/k/day) and ovine prolactin (1 mg = 24 IU/ k/day) alone or in combination with perphenazine (5 mg/k/day) in hypophysectomized rats did not produce a lactogenic effect comparable to that achieved in intact rats by perphenazine alone. Determination of pituitary prolactin content after various periods of perphenazine treatment showed that perphenazine caused an immediate decrease followed by a considerable increase in prolactin activity. It is concluded that the perphenazine-induced mammary differentiation in intact rats was associated with stimulation of pituitary secretion of prolactin. (Endocrinology 83: 1217, 1968)
Genetic algorithm with path relinking for the multi-vehicle selective pickup and delivery problem

The multi-vehicle selective pickup and delivery problem (MVSPDP) is a class of vehicle routing problem. The MVSPDP aims to minimize the total distance traveled by a fleet of vehicles to collect and supply commodities, subject to vehicle capacity and travel distance. This problem relaxes the constraint that the vehicles have to visit all customers. In the MVSPDP, vehicles only need to collect sufficient commodities from some selected pickup nodes for all delivery nodes. To resolve the problem, this study develops a genetic algorithm with path relinking (GAPR). A repair operator is presented for the GAPR to handle the constraints. Experimental results on fourteen benchmarks validate the effectiveness of the proposed GAPR for the MVSPDP.
Neutral endopeptidase modulation of septic shock

Neutral endopeptidase (NEP; EC. 3.4.24.11) is a type 2 cell surface metalloprotease known by a variety of eponyms, including enkephalinase, common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen, and CD10. Identified substrates are largely neural or humoral oligopeptide agonists, and the enzyme functions to terminate signaling by degrading the ligand, analogously to acetylcholine/acetylcholinesterase. Targeted disruption of the NEP locus in mice results in enhanced lethality to endotoxin shock with a pronounced gene dosage effect. The site(s) of action appears downstream from release of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 since NEP-deficient animals demonstrate increased sensitivity to these mediators as well. This unexpected finding indicates an important protective role for NEP in septic shock.
Nonlinear estimation of PSK-modulated carrier phase with application to burst digital transmission

Burst transmission of digital data and voice has become commonplace, particularly in satellite communication systems employing time-division multiple-access (TI)MA) and packet demand-assignment multiple-access (DAMA) techniques. In TDMA systems particularly, phase estimation on each successive burst is a requirement, while bit timing and carrier frequency can be accurately tracked between bursts. A class of nonlinear estimation algorithms is described to estimate the unknown phase of a carrier which is fully modulated by m -ary PSK modulation. Performance of the method is determined in closed form and compared to the Cramer-Rao lower bound for the variance of the estimation error in the phase of an unmodulated carrier. Results are also obtained when the carrier frequency is imprecisely known. Finally, the effect of quantization and finite read-only-memory (ROM) implementation of the nonlinearity are determined by computer simulation.
Development of a mechanical model of the human skull bone by morphological study

With the aim to improve the safety of people, it is essential to know the phenomena of deformation, damage, and fracture of the various parts of the human body. This kind of study necessitates the creation of numerical models allowing making biologically relevant simulations of accidents. Several models of skull are proposed in the literature, the homogeneous macroscopic models of the bone of the human skull brands, the macroscopic models making the difference between cortical bone and spongy bone (Raul et al. 2006), or the microscopic models of Halgrin 2011. For the macroscopic models, the modeling is not refined enough to represent the bone of the skull in a correct way. With regards to the microscopic models, the setups allow good modeling but ask for a significant calculation time in order to be usable in simulations of crash of vehicle. There are also several studies which tried to identify the mechanical parameters of the human bone according to the morphological parameters, these equations do not allow to obtain a good precision in the calculation of the modulus. We can quote Van Eijden et al. (2006), Van Lenthe et al. (2006), and Chatelin et al. (2011) who identified the Eapp modulus according to morphological parameters in particular BV/TV (percentage of bone in a volume). The main criticism that can be made for this kind of model is the globalized vision of the morphology of the bone; while the geometry of the skull bone makes that there are differences inside the same sample having an impact on the mechanical behavior. This article suggests an intermediate model, precise enough to model with finite elements the human skull bone by taking into account the morphology of the head and with a reasonable calculation time. The consideration of the variability of the bone will be represented as layers of elements of different mechanical properties. We limit ourselves for this study to the linear modeling of a quasi-static compression test.
Endoventricular Patch Reconstruction in Large Ischemic Wall‐Motion Abnormalities

Abstract Endoventricular patch plasty (EVPP) has been used since 1984 to rebuild the left ventricle. The global experience of our group includes more than 835 cases. Large wall‐motion abnormalities were detected by the center line method when > 60% of the circumference of the left ventricle was asynergic. In this series, 269 patients had an ejection fraction c 30%. Surgery for repair of large wall‐motion abnormalities was conducted on the arrested heart with insertion within the left ventricle of a patch rebuilding the contractile area while leaving a residual volume between 50 and 70 cc/m2 of body surface. The global results of the technique of EVPP are analyzed on the last 700 operated patients. Three series of patients with large wall‐motion abnormalities were examined. We conclude that this technique is appropriate in advanced stages of ischemic disease as an alternative to cardiac transplant. At an operative risk of approximately 12%, improvement is obtained in 80% of cases.