Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-Local Dictionary Based Japanese Dish Names Recognition Using Multi-Feature CRF from Online Reviews

In cuisine recommender service, online user review is an important data source avoiding a cold-start problem. Cuisine-domain named entity recognition(NER) can be used as an entrance to comprehend the semantic information of reviews. This paper describes a supervised approach recognizing Japanese dish name entity (DNE) from online reviews of Japanese cuisine website. In the first stage, this work adopts tweets as the data source to construct the dictionary of dish name elements through semantic rules and use Bayesian posterior to remove noise. Next stage, we maps first-stage dictionary as a non-local feature into Conditional Random Field (CRF) to recognize the dish name. This method can automatically add new dish name elements into the non-local dictionary by iteration during the recognition proceeding. By using 10-fold validation, experimental results show our method can reach 84.38% in F1 score and outperform the two baselines using the dictionary or CRF with term feature separately.
Conservation of the C-type lectin fold for massive sequence variation in a Treponema diversity-generating retroelement

Anticipatory ligand binding through massive protein sequence variation is rare in biological systems, having been observed only in the vertebrate adaptive immune response and in a phage diversity-generating retroelement (DGR). Earlier work has demonstrated that the prototypical DGR variable protein, major tropism determinant (Mtd), meets the demands of anticipatory ligand binding by novel means through the C-type lectin (CLec) fold. However, because of the low sequence identity among DGR variable proteins, it has remained unclear whether the CLec fold is a general solution for DGRs. We have addressed this problem by determining the structure of a second DGR variable protein, TvpA, from the pathogenic oral spirochete Treponema denticola. Despite its weak sequence identity to Mtd (∼16%), TvpA was found to also have a CLec fold, with predicted variable residues exposed in a ligand-binding site. However, this site in TvpA was markedly more variable than the one in Mtd, reflecting the unprecedented approximate 1020 potential variability of TvpA. In addition, similarity between TvpA and Mtd with formylglycine-generating enzymes was detected. These results provide strong evidence for the conservation of the formylglycine-generating enzyme-type CLec fold among DGRs as a means of accommodating massive sequence variation.
Birth weight, body length, and cranial circumference in newborns with cleft lip or palate.

OBJECTIVE This paper reports on birth weight, body length, body mass index, and cranial circumference at birth of infants with cleft lip and/or palate born between 1973 and 1992. METHODS Data were obtained from two nationwide Swedish health registries. Infants with syndromes, twins, and infants with immigrant parentage were excluded from the study. Comparisons were made with all singleton births with the same exclusion criteria (n = 2,031,140). RESULTS The body dimensions of infants with isolated cleft lip (n = 865) were found not to differ from those of control subjects, but infants with isolated cleft palate (n = 811) or cleft lip and palate (n = 1139) were found to be lighter and shorter than control subjects. Also, infants with the Pierre Robin sequence (n = 121) had a tendency to be lighter and shorter than control subjects, but these differences did not reach statistical significance despite the large study population.
Quiescence, Fairness, Testing, and the Notion of Implementation

Two different formalisms for concurrency are compared and are shown to have common foundations. The Input/Output automaton model and the theory of testing are analyzed in the framework of transition systems. The relationship between the fair and quiescent preorders of I/O automata is investigated and the two preorders are shown to coincide on a large class of automata. I/O automata are encoded into the theory of testing and the reversed MUST preorder is shown to be equivalent to the quiescent preorder for strongly convergent, finitely branching automata up to encoding. Conversely, a theory of testing is defined directly on I/O automata, and the new reversed MUST preorder is shown to coincide with the quiescent preorder on strongly convergent, finitely branching automata. Finally, some considerations are given on the issue of divergence, and on other existing theories with an I/O distinction.
Using Bloom Filters in Data Leak Protection Applications

Data leak prevention systems become a must-have component of enterprise information security. To minimize the communication delay, these systems require fast mechanisms for massive document comparison. Bloom filters have been proven to be a fast tool for membership checkup with some allowed level of false positive errors. Taking into account specific needs of fast text comparison this paper proposes modifications to the Matrix Bloom filters. Approach proposed in this paper allows to improve density in Matrix Bloom filters with the help of special index to track documents uploaded into the system. Density is improved by combining a few documents in one line of the matrix to reduce the filter size and to address the problem of document removal. The experiment provided in the paper outlines advantages and applicability of the pro-
A virtual reality intervention to improve the understanding and empathy for people with dementia in informal caregivers: results of a pilot study

ABSTRACT Objective: Informal caregivers often experience psychological distress due to the changing functioning of the person with dementia they care for. Improved understanding of the person with dementia reduces psychological distress. To enhance understanding and empathy in caregivers, an innovative technology virtual reality intervention Through the D'mentia Lens (TDL) was developed to experience dementia, consisting of a virtual reality simulation movie and e-course. A pilot study of TDL was conducted. Methods: A pre-test–post-test design was used. Informal caregivers filled out questionnaires assessing person-centeredness, empathy, perceived pressure from informal care, perceived competence and quality of the relationship. At post-test, additional questions about TDL's feasibility were asked. Results: Thirty-five caregivers completed the pre-test and post-test. Most participants were satisfied with TDL and stated that TDL gave more insight in the perception of the person with dementia. The simulation movie was graded 8.03 out of 10 and the e-course 7.66. Participants significantly improved in empathy, confidence in caring for the person with dementia, and positive interactions with the person with dementia. Conclusion: TDL is feasible for informal caregivers and seems to lead to understanding of and insight in the experience of people with dementia. Therefore, TDL could support informal caregivers in their caregiving role.
The bHLH Transcription Factor bHLH104 Interacts with IAA-LEUCINE RESISTANT3 and Modulates Iron Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

The IVc subgroup bHLH transcription factor bHLH104 interacts with ILR3 to regulate the Arabidopsis Fe deficiency responses via targeting the Ib subgroup bHLH genes and PYE expression. Iron (Fe) is an indispensable micronutrient for plant growth and development. The regulation of Fe homeostasis in plants is complex and involves a number of transcription factors. Here, we demonstrate that a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, bHLH104, belonging to the IVc subgroup of bHLH family, acts as a key component positively regulating Fe deficiency responses. Knockout of bHLH104 in Arabidopsis thaliana greatly reduced tolerance to Fe deficiency, whereas overexpression of bHLH104 had the opposite effect and led to accumulation of excess Fe in soil-grown conditions. The activation of Fe deficiency-inducible genes was substantially suppressed by loss of bHLH104. Further investigation showed that bHLH104 interacted with another IVc subgroup bHLH protein, IAA-LEUCINE RESISTANT3 (ILR3), which also plays an important role in Fe homeostasis. Moreover, bHLH104 and ILR3 could bind directly to the promoters of Ib subgroup bHLH genes and POPEYE (PYE) functioning in the regulation of Fe deficiency responses. Interestingly, genetic analysis showed that loss of bHLH104 could decrease the tolerance to Fe deficiency conferred by the lesion of BRUTUS, which encodes an E3 ligase and interacts with bHLH104. Collectively, our data support that bHLH104 and ILR3 play pivotal roles in the regulation of Fe deficiency responses via targeting Ib subgroup bHLH genes and PYE expression.
Gluten Vehicle and Placebo for Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity Assessment

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a syndrome characterized by gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifestations triggered after gluten ingestion in the absence of celiac disease and wheat allergy. Because of the lack of biomarkers for NCGS diagnosis, the cornerstone for its assessment is a single- or double-blind placebo-controlled (DBPC) gluten challenge. However, there are some non-standardized points in the diagnostic approach proposed by the experts. This complicate comparisons among the results published by different research groups. The gluten vehicle and placebo must be indistinguishable from each other, which entails sensory and technological evaluations of the designed gluten vehicle and placebo products. At the moment, there is no standardized method for the preparation of the gluten vehicle and placebo for carrying out DBPC gluten challenges for NCGS assessment. This review focuses on the challenges that researchers have to face, either for the development of an accepted gluten vehicle and placebo or for identifying NCGS cases on the basis of DBPC gluten challenges.
An overview of wireless local positioning system configurations

Over the last years tremendous improvements of wireless positioning systems have been achieved. System accuracy has improved drastically and maturity changed from hand-soldered lab demonstrators to commercial products. In parallel applications moved from small, experimental installations to coverage of complete sites. Consequently the research focus shifts away from the positioning core technology to system aspects. Critical issues now are simultaneous handling of a large amount of mobile units like tags or vehicles with acceptable update rate, coverage of large areas requiring multiple cells and cell-handover, quick exchange of positioning data and fusion with other local information. This paper reviews the most common approaches to wireless positioning from the system perspective. Requirements on the infrastructure are pointed out, the communication effort is analyzed, energy consumption of the mobile unit is evaluated and feasibility of sensor fusion with other available information is investigated.
Intelligent Sensor Modes Enable a New Generation of Machinery Diagnostics and Prognostics

Abstract : Compelling economic, competitive, and technological factors are changing the way many companies view machinery maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) activities. This shift toward a new Maintenance Management Paradigm has implications in many areas of the business including manufacturing scheduling, control, finance, inventory, quality. and asset management. Implementation of the new Maintenance Management Paradigm will require three fundamental building blocks. First, is a framework that enables the efficient re-use of best-in-class diagnostic and prognostic software, hardware, and sensor modules. An open-system architecture will be fundamental to meeting this objective. Second, is the ability to rapidly deploy needed hardware and software elements in a reliable and cost-effective manner across distributed system components. Wireless, intelligent sensor nodes will play an important role in the deployment of future systems. And third, is the infrastructure and that will permit system level integration of an ensemble of distributed intelligent system elements to develop actionable diagnostic and prognostic information. Higher-level diagnostic and prognostic information will drive critical decision making to insure maximum system reliability, lowest operating cost, maximum revenue generation or mission success for example. This paper provides specific examples of elements in the areas of Framework, Distributed Intelligent Modules, and Infrastructure for system-level integration.
Visual motion processing in migraine: Enhanced motion after-effects are related to display contrast, visual symptoms, visual triggers and attack frequency

Background Visual after-effects are illusions that occur after prolonged viewing of visual displays. The motion after-effect (MAE), for example, is an illusory impression of motion after viewing moving displays: subsequently, stationary displays appear to drift in the opposite direction. After-effects have been used extensively in basic vision research and in clinical settings, and are enhanced in migraine. Objective The objective of this article is to assess associations between (1) MAE duration and visual symptoms experienced during/between migraine/headache attacks, and (2) visual stimuli reported as migraine/headache triggers. Methods The MAE was elicited after viewing motion for 45 seconds. MAE duration was tested for three test contrast displays (high, medium, low). Participants also completed a headache questionnaire that included migraine/headache triggers. Results For each test contrast, the MAE was prolonged in migraine. MAE duration was associated with photophobia; visual triggers (flicker, striped patterns); and migraine or headache frequency. Conclusions Group differences on various visual tasks have been attributed to abnormal cortical processing in migraine, such as hyperexcitability, heightened responsiveness and/or a lack of intra-cortical inhibition. The results are not consistent with hyperexcitability simply from a general lack of inhibition. Alternative multi-stage models are discussed and suggestions for further research are recommended, including visual tests in clinical assessments/clinical trials.
Functional disturbance of the stress-adaptation system in patients with scleroderma

There have been several reports indicating the association between recent stress experiences and the onset or the exacerbation of rheumatic diseases, although few such reports exist in patients with scleroderma (SSc). The present study was performed to elucidate whether there were any functional disturbances in the neuro-endocrine-immune system as a homeostatic system upon stress in SSc patients. Various serum levels of stress-related hormones and cytokines were examined before and after a mental calculation stress test, and a basal questionnaire study of sense of coherence (SOC, which is related to the ability to cope with stress), recent stress experiences, and quality of life (QOL) was performed in 17 SSc patients and in 38 healthy volunteers. Physical QOL state was impaired in patients, but there were no differences in recent stress experiences and SOC scores between patients and controls. Basal serum cortisol levels were similar in patients and controls, but increased levels of proinflammatory cytokine and noradrenalin were seen in SSc patients. Characteristically, contrary to the control group, whose cortisol levels increased significantly following the mental calculation stress test, no significant increase was observed in the patients when post-test cortisol levels were compared to pre-test levels, suggesting a defect in the normal cortisol response upon stress in SSc patients. The present results suggest that there may be impaired function of the neuro-endocrine-immune system upon stress in SSc patients.
Biomedical Engineering in Epidural Anaesthesia Research

The application of engineering techniques into biomedical procedures has proved extremely beneficial in many areas of medicine. A developing area is in epidural analgesia and anaesthesia, a technique employed for the relief of pain in both acute and chronic, and for anaesthesia to enable pain-free surgery. The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate several specific areas of research and how biomedical engineering techniques are used to improve and enhance the experience and training in the epidural procedure. The overall goal is to reduce the risks and subsequent morbidity in patients using advanced technologies to recreate the epidural procedure replicating as far as possible the in-vivo procedure. This would allow anaesthetists to practice the procedure in a safe and controlled environment without risk to patients. This could be achieved by recreating the sensation of the needle passing through the tissues and ligaments and by the generation of forces that match exactly those felt in-vivo. Epidural simulators are currently used as a training aid for anaesthetists, however existing simulators lack realism to various degrees and their operation is not based on measured invivo data that can accurately simulate the procedure. The techniques of advanced simulation and biomedical engineering detailed in this chapter can provide a solution.
Towards Dynamic Interprocedural Analysis in JVMs

This paper presents a new, inexpensive, mechanism for constructing a complete call graph for Java programs at runtime, and provides an example of using the mechanism for implementing a dynamic reachability-based interprocedural analysis (IPA), namely dynamic XTA. Reachability-based IPAs, such as points-to analysis and escape analysis, require a context-insensitive call graph of the analyzed program. Computing a call graph at runtime presents several challenges. First, the overhead must be low. Second, when implementing the mechanism for languages such as Java, both polymorphism and lazy class loading must be dealt with correctly and efficiently. We propose a new, low-cost, mechanism for constructing runtime call graphs in a JIT environment. The mechanism uses a profiling code stub to capture the first execution of a call edge, and adds at most one more instruction to repeated call edge invocations. Polymorphism and lazy class loading are handled transparently. The call graph is constructed incrementally, and it supports optimistic analysis and speculative optimizations with invalidations. We also developed a dynamic, reachability-based type analysis, dynamic XTA, as an application of runtime call graphs. It also serves as an example of handling lazy class loading in dynamic IPAs. The dynamic call graph construction algorithm and dynamic version of XTA have been implemented in Jikes RVM. We present empirical measurements of the overhead of call graph profiling and compare the characteristics of call graphs built using our profiling code stubs with conservative ones constructed by using dynamic class hierarchy analysis (CHA).
Optimal Repair of MDS Codes in Distributed Storage via Subspace Interference Alignment

It is well known that an (n,k) code can be used to store 'k' units of information in 'n' unit-capacity disks of a distributed data storage system. If the code used is maximum distance separable (MDS), then the system can tolerate any (n-k) disk failures, since the original information can be recovered from any k surviving disks. The focus of this paper is the design of a systematic MDS code with the additional property that a single disk failure can be repaired with minimum repair bandwidth, i.e., with the minimum possible amount of data to be downloaded for recovery of the failed disk. Previously, a lower bound of (n-1)/(n-k) units has been established by Dimakis et. al, on the repair bandwidth for a single disk failure in an (n,k) MDS code . Recently, the existence of asymptotic codes achieving this lower bound for arbitrary (n,k) has been established by drawing connections to interference alignment. While the existence of asymptotic constructions achieving this lower bound have been shown, finite code constructions achieving this lower bound existed in previous literature only for the special (high-redundancy) scenario where $k \leq \max(n/2,3)$. The question of existence of finite codes for arbitrary values of (n,k) achieving the lower bound on the repair bandwidth remained open. In this paper, by using permutation coding sub-matrices, we provide the first known finite MDS code which achieves the optimal repair bandwidth of (n-1)/(n-k) for arbitrary (n,k), for recovery of a failed systematic disk. We also generalize our permutation matrix based constructions by developing a novel framework for repair-bandwidth-optimal MDS codes based on the idea of subspace interference alignment - a concept previously introduced by Suh and Tse the context of wireless cellular networks.
Effects of psychosocial interventions on meaning and purpose in adults with cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Meaning and purpose in life are associated with the mental and physical health of patients with cancer and survivors and also constitute highly valued outcomes in themselves. Because meaning and purpose are often threatened by a cancer diagnosis and treatment, interventions have been developed to promote meaning and purpose. The present meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluated effects of psychosocial interventions on meaning/purpose in adults with cancer and tested potential moderators of intervention effects. Six literature databases were systematically searched to identify RCTs of psychosocial interventions in which meaning or purpose was an outcome. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, rater pairs extracted and evaluated data for quality. Findings were synthesized across studies with standard meta‐analytic methods, including meta‐regression with robust variance estimation and risk‐of‐bias sensitivity analysis. Twenty‐nine RCTs were identified, and they encompassed 82 treatment effects among 2305 patients/survivors. Psychosocial interventions were associated with significant improvements in meaning/purpose (g = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22‐0.52; P < .0001). Interventions designed to enhance meaning/purpose (g = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.24‐0.60) demonstrated significantly higher effect sizes than those targeting other primary outcomes (g = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.09‐0.27; P = .009). Few other intervention, clinical, or demographic characteristics tested were significant moderators. In conclusion, the results suggest that psychosocial interventions are associated with small to medium effects in enhancing meaning/purpose among patients with cancer, and the benefits are comparable to those of interventions designed to reduce depression, pain, and fatigue in patients with cancer. Methodological concerns include small samples and ambiguity regarding allocation concealment. Future research should focus on explicitly meaning‐centered interventions and identify optimal treatment or survivorship phases for implementation.