Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in Music Performance Anxiety Levels between Underclassmen and Upperclassmen Music Education Undergraduates.

Research has documented that music performance anxiety is an issue that can affect musicians at all levels (Dews & Williams, 1989; Hamann, 1982; Hamann & Sobaje, 1983; Kirchner, 2003; Kokotsaki & Davidson, 2003; Osborne & Kenny, 2008; Ryan, 2004). In particular, the effect of music performance anxiety on the quality of performance and the mental well-being of performers has been well documented (Clark & Agras, 1991; Kirchner, 2003; LeBlanc, Jin, Obert, & Siivola, 1997), and musicians at even the highest levels continue to suffer from issues related to it. Performers who suffered from music performance anxiety noted that they were often consumed with feelings of apprehension, poor self-esteem, and despondency (Kirchner, 2003). Researchers generally divide anxiety into two types: state and trait (Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983). Spielberger et al. defined state anxiety as anxiety experienced in a particular situation, or a “palpable reaction or process taking place at a given time and level of intensity” (1983, p. 5). Trait anxiety, conversely, refers to “differences between people in the tendency to perceive stressful situations as dangerous or threatening and to respond to such situations with elevations in the intensity of their state anxiety reactions" (1983, p. 5). Subjects can have differing levels of state and trait anxiety. An example of high state anxiety can include being nervous before a performance or test, while high trait anxiety could manifest itself as someone who worries more than the average person, or who tends to be anxious in all situations, not just those where high stress is involved. Spielberger et al. developed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory as a standardized instrument to measure levels of both of these types of anxiety. Many studies (Abel & Larkin, 1990; Cox & Kenardy, 1993; Hamann, 1982; Hamann & Sobaje, 1983; Kendrick, Craig, Lawson, & Davidson, 1982; Kokotsaki & Davidson, 2003; Nagel, Himle, & Papsdorf, 1989; Ryan, 2004; Zinn, McCain, & Zinn, 2000) have utilized this instrument as a primary method of measuring self –reported anxiety. Through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and other measures, a variety of factors that can contribute to music performance anxiety have been established. In many studies, performance anxiety has been found to have differing effects on performances of musicians of different genders (Abel & Larkin, 1990; Kokotsaki & Davidson, 2003; Osborne & Kenny, 2008; Rae & McCambridge, 2004; Ryan, 2004). Ryan (2004) noted that male and female piano students
Questioning clerkship: applying Popper’s evolutionary analysis of learning to medical student training

Purpose Through a series of critical discussions on Karl Popper’s evolutionary analysis of learning and the non-authoritarian values it promotes, the purpose of this paper is to advocate a Popperian approach for building medical student knowledge. Specifically, it challenges positivist assumptions that permeate the design and management of many educational institutions, including teaching hospitals, by considering what does and does not happen when learning takes place. Design/methodology/approach To illustrate how Popper’s approach differs from such a conception of learning, the paper examines the exchange between a preceptor (Sam) and a medical student (Lisa). The following exchange is based on the observations during a team meeting in a Canadian teaching hospital. The authors sent the transcript of the observation to Lisa for her comments. The statements in italics represent Lisa’s additions. Pseudonyms are used to protect the identity of participants in the exchange. Findings Popper’s evolutionary analysis of learning and the Objective Knowledge Growth Framework provide a means of managing specific aspects of one’s education through engaging in this learning process. Although this approach to teaching and decision making takes time to master, it does not require reconstituting existing institutional arrangements before it can be implemented in hospitals. Instead, it asks medical students, teachers and practitioners to be open to the theoretical underpinnings of the approach and to view knowledge growth as a process of systematic trial and error elimination. Originality/value This paper is original in its conceptualisation and may well become a classic in education circles. It draws on Popper’s philosophical arguments and enters into a much needed discourse for teaching and learning.
Dynamic unstructured bargaining with private information and deadlines : theory and experiment

We study dynamic unstructured bargaining with deadlines and one-sided private information, via theory and experiment. We predict the incidence of bargaining failures (“strikes”) and payoffs in each state by combining mechanism design and focal point approaches. Strikes are common in states with lower surpluses (“pies”) and strike incidence is decreasing in the pie size. Subjects reach equal splits when strikes are efficient, while payoffs are unbalanced in states where strikes are inefficient, with additional surplus accruing to the informed player. We employ a machine learning approach to explore the information content of bargaining process data. ∗Camerer: Humanities and Social Sciences and Computational and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, MC 228-77, Pasadena, CA 91125 (email: camerer@caltech.edu); Nave: Humanities and Social Sciences and Computational and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, MC 228-77, Pasadena, CA 91125 (email: gnave@caltech.edu); Smith: Department of Economics, Virginia Tech (Mail Code 0316), Blacksburg, VA 24061 (email: alecsmith@vt.edu). We thank Eskil Forsell for research assistance and Joseph Wang for useful comments on this work.
Tackling intraspecific genetic structure in distribution models better reflects species geographical range

Abstract Genetic diversity provides insight into heterogeneous demographic and adaptive history across organisms’ distribution ranges. For this reason, decomposing single species into genetic units may represent a powerful tool to better understand biogeographical patterns as well as improve predictions of the effects of GCC (global climate change) on biodiversity loss. Using 279 georeferenced Iberian accessions, we used classes of three intraspecific genetic units of the annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana obtained from the genetic analyses of nuclear SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), chloroplast SNPs, and the vernalization requirement for flowering. We used SDM (species distribution models), including climate, vegetation, and soil data, at the whole‐species and genetic‐unit levels. We compared model outputs for present environmental conditions and with a particularly severe GCC scenario. SDM accuracy was high for genetic units with smaller distribution ranges. Kernel density plots identified the environmental variables underpinning potential distribution ranges of genetic units. Combinations of environmental variables accounted for potential distribution ranges of genetic units, which shrank dramatically with GCC at almost all levels. Only two genetic clusters increased their potential distribution ranges with GCC. The application of SDM to intraspecific genetic units provides a detailed picture on the biogeographical patterns of distinct genetic groups based on different genetic criteria. Our approach also allowed us to pinpoint the genetic changes, in terms of genetic background and physiological requirements for flowering, that Iberian A. thaliana may experience with a GCC scenario applying SDM to intraspecific genetic units.
Active Learning for Online Recognition of Human Activities from Streaming Videos

Recognising human activities from streaming videos poses unique challenges to learning algorithms: predictive models need to be scalable, incrementally trainable, and must remain bounded in size even when the data stream is arbitrarily long. Furthermore, as parameter tuning is problematic in a streaming setting, suitable approaches should be parameterless, and make no assumptions on what class labels may occur in the stream. We present here an approach to the recognition of human actions from streaming data which meets all these requirements by: (1) incrementally learning a model which adaptively covers the feature space with simple local classifiers; (2) employing an active learning strategy to reduce annotation requests; (3) achieving promising accuracy within a fixed model size. Extensive experiments on standard benchmarks show that our approach is competitive with state-of-the-art non-incremental methods, and outperforms the existing active incremental baselines.
Particle concentration and mixing in microdrops driven by focused surface acoustic waves

We report the use of focused surface acoustic waves (SAWs) generated on 128° rotated Y-cut X-propagating lithium niobate (LiNbO3) for enhancing the actuation of fluids and the manipulation of particle suspensions at microscale dimensions. In particular, we demonstrate increased efficiency and speed in carrying out particle concentration/separation and in generating intense micromixing in microliter drops within which acoustic streaming is induced due to the focused SAW beneath the drop. Concentric circular and elliptical single-phase unidirectional transducers (SPUDTs) were used to focus the SAW. We benchmark our results against a straight SPUDT which does not cause focusing of the SAW. Due to the increased wave intensity and asymmetry of the wave, we found both circular and elliptical SPUDTs concentrate particles in under 1 s, which is one order of magnitude faster than the straight SPUDT and several orders of magnitude faster than conventional microscale devices. The concentric circular SPUDT was found .
Tracking the weathering of basalts on Mars using lithium isotope fractionation models

Lithium (Li), the lightest of the alkali elements, has geochemical properties that include high aqueous solubility (Li is the most fluid mobile element) and high relative abundance in basalt‐forming minerals (values ranking between 0.2 and 12 ppm). Li isotopes are particularly subject to fractionation because the two stable isotopes of lithium—7Li and 6Li—have a large relative mass difference (∼15%) that results in significant fractionation between water and solid phases. The extent of Li isotope fractionation during aqueous alteration of basalt depends on the dissolution rate of primary minerals—the source of Li—and on the precipitation kinetics, leading to formation of secondary phases. Consequently, a detailed analysis of Li isotopic ratios in both solution and secondary mineral lattices could provide clues about past Martian weathering conditions, including weathering extent, temperature, pH, supersaturation, and evaporation rate of the initial solutions in contact with basalt rocks. In this paper, we discuss ways in which Martian aqueous processes could have lead to Li isotope fractionation. We show that Li isotopic data obtained by future exploration of Mars could be relevant to highlighting different processes of Li isotopic fractionation in the past, and therefore to understanding basalt weathering and environmental conditions early in the planet's history.
The Spatiotemporal Program of DNA Replication Is Associated with Specific Combinations of Chromatin Marks in Human Cells

The duplication of mammalian genomes is under the control of a spatiotemporal program that orchestrates the positioning and the timing of firing of replication origins. The molecular mechanisms coordinating the activation of about predicted origins remain poorly understood, partly due to the intrinsic rarity of replication bubbles, making it difficult to purify short nascent strands (SNS). The precise identification of origins based on the high-throughput sequencing of SNS constitutes a new methodological challenge. We propose a new statistical method with a controlled resolution, adapted to the detection of replication origins from SNS data. We detected an average of 80,000 replication origins in different cell lines. To evaluate the consistency between different protocols, we compared SNS detections with bubble trapping detections. This comparison demonstrated a good agreement between genome-wide methods, with 65% of SNS-detected origins validated by bubble trapping, and 44% of bubble trapping origins validated by SNS origins, when compared at the same resolution. We investigated the interplay between the spatial and the temporal programs of replication at fine scales. We show that most of the origins detected in regions replicated in early S phase are shared by all the cell lines investigated whereas cell-type-specific origins tend to be replicated in late S phase. We shed a new light on the key role of CpG islands, by showing that 80% of the origins associated with CGIs are constitutive. Our results further show that at least 76% of CGIs are origins of replication. The analysis of associations with chromatin marks at different timing of cell division revealed new potential epigenetic regulators driving the spatiotemporal activity of replication origins. We highlight the potential role of H4K20me1 and H3K27me3, the coupling of which is correlated with increased efficiency of replication origins, clearly identifying those marks as potential key regulators of replication origins.
Path Dictionary: A New Approach to Query Processing in Object-Oriented Databases

We present a new access method, called the path dictionary index (PDI) method, for supporting nested queries on object-oriented databases. PDI supports object traversal and associative search, respectively, with a path dictionary and a set of attribute indexes built on top of the path dictionary. We discuss issues on indexing and query processing in object-oriented databases, describe the operations of the new mechanism, develop cost models for its storage overhead and query and update costs, and compare the new mechanism to the path index method. The result shows that the path dictionary index method is signiicantly better than the path index method over a wide range of parameters in terms of retrieval and update costs and that the storage overhead grows slowly with the number of indexed attributes.
First Report of the Ash Dieback Pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in Korea

Abstract In the past two decades, European ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) have been severely damaged due to ash dieback disease, which is caused by the fungal species Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (Chalara fraxinea in the anamorphic stage). Recent molecular phylogenetic and population genetic studies have suggested that this fungus has been introduced from Asia to Europe. During a fungal survey in Korea, H. fraxineus-like apothecia were collected from fallen leaves, rachises, and petioles of Korean ash and Manchurian ash trees. The morphological and ecological traits of these materials are described with the internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence comparison of H. fraxineus strains collected from Korea, China and Japan.
Weak lensing correlations in open and flat universes

Correlations between the magnification or polarization of background sources, induced by gravitational lensing due to the large-scale structure, and the positions of foreground galaxies are investigated. We found that their amplitude is enhanced with respect to correlations for a single population. We analize the dependence of the correlations with the density parameter \Omega considering a nonlinear evolution of the matter power spectrum. The contribution of the linear evolution is negligible at scales below several arcminutes. Detailed results on the dependence of the correlations on the redshift of the foreground and background populations for different cosmological models are presented. The effect reaches its maximum amplitude for foreground populations with relatively small redshifts due to the fast increase of the nonlinear matter power spectrum at recent times.
Faecal ribosomal protein L19 is a genetic prognostic factor for survival in colorectal cancer

Ribosomal proteins are encoded by a gene family, members of which are overexpressed in human cancers. Many of them have been found, using oligonucleotide microarray hybridization, to be differentially expressed in the faeces of patients with various stages of col‐orectal cancer (CRC). The gene encoding ribosomal protein L19 (RPL19), a prognostic marker for human prostate cancer, is differentially expressed in CRC patients. Measurement of faecal RPL19 mRNA might improve prognostic prediction for CRC patients. Using quantitative real‐time reverse transcription PCR, levels of RPL19 mRNA were detected in samples of colonic tissues from 44 CRC patients, in the faeces of 54 CRC patients and 15 controls, and in 11 colonic cell lines. Seven of 24 patients with late‐stage CRC (Dukes' stages C and D) expressed over 2‐fold more RPL19 in colonic tumour tissues than in corresponding normal tissues (P= 0.038). The mean faecal RPL19 mRNA levels of late‐staged patients were higher than those of controls (P= 0.003) and early‐staged patients (P= 0.008). Patients with both high serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; >5 ng/mL) and high‐faecal RPL19 mRNA (≥0.0069) had higher risk (odds ratio, 8.0; P= 0.015) and lower overall 48‐month survival (33.8 ± 13.7%, P= 0.013). Oligonucleotide microarray hybridization analysis of faecal molecules identified gene transcripts differentially present in faeces. In conclusion, faecal RPL19 expression is associated with advanced tumour stages and addictive to serum CEA in predicting prognosis of CRC patients.
EXAMINING THE DBT WAYS OF COPING CHECKLIST AND THERAPIST EXPECTANCIES AS PREDICTORS OF SUCCESS IN DBT GIFT GROUP PARTICIPANTS

Researchers have long focused on which variables play a role in managing the stressillness relationship, and more specifically, emotion dysregulation (Linehan, 1993; McCrae, 1984). The current study examined psychologically dysregulated individuals (n=22), who had been recommended by their primary therapists, to participate in an 18 week outpatient DBT skills group. We were interested in determining whether participants’ strategies for coping changed from maladaptive to adaptive over the course of group, specifically between pre-intervention waitlist (Initial Assessment) and after completing the first module of the skills group (Reassessment 2). The DBT Ways of Coping Checklist (DBT-WCCL, Neacsieu et al., 2010) was used as a way of determining change across time and a DBT Deficiencies measure was sent to participants’ therapists every six weeks. Correlations between the DBT Deficiencies measure and DBT-WCCL Dysfunctional subscale revealed moderately significant findings, suggesting a possible relationship between therapists’ predictive assessments of client deficiencies, and subsequent reports of their clients after a period of time. Analyses of the DBT-WCCL subscales suggested moderate improvement from Initial to Reassessment 2 with a 9.7% increase in reported DBT coping skill use, and a 7.6% decrease in dysfunctional coping skill use. Despite discouraging attrition rates, implications of the study include an added support for the DBT-WCCL in monitoring adaptive and maladaptive skill use in clinical populations. Finally, data demonstrated moderate changes in skill use after only six weeks of DBT skills group, which supports the efficacy of the DBT-WCCL measure, as well as the structure of the DBT group’s structure as it pertains to positive changes in
Landscape Effects on the Presence, Abundance and Diversity of Mosquitoes in Mediterranean Wetlands

Environment determines the distribution of mosquito-borne diseases in that it influences the vector-host-pathogen transmission cycle, including vector distribution, abundance and diversity. In this study, we analyse the relationship between environmental variables estimated by remote sensing and the spatial distribution (presence, abundance and diversity) of seven mosquito species vectors of West Nile and other pathogens (Usutu, avian malaria and dirofilariasis) in the Doñana Natural Park, Spain. Traps were distributed over an area of 54,984 ha divided into six ecological units: marshland, sand dunes, scrubland, ricefields, crops and fishponds. We collected mosquitoes once a month from up to 112 locations using BG-Sentinel traps baited with BG-lure and CO2 during March-November 2010. Hydroperiod, NDVI and Inundation surface were estimated at several resolution scales (100, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 metres) from corrected and normalized Landsat Images. We sampled 972,346 female mosquitoes, the most abundant species being Culex theileri, Ochlerotatus caspius, Culex modestus, Culex perexiguus, Culex pipiens, Anopheles atroparvus and Ochlerotatus detritus. Our results suggest that: (1) hydroperiod, inundation surface and NDVI are strongly related to the spatial distribution of mosquitoes; (2) the spatial scales used to measure these variables affected quantification of these relationships, the larger scale being more informative; (3) these relationships are species-specific; (4) hydroperiod is negatively related to mosquito presence and richness; (5) Culex abundance is positively related to hydroperiod; (6) NDVI is positively related to mosquito diversity, presence and abundance, except in the case of the two salt marsh species (Oc. caspius and Oc. detritus); and (7) inundation surfaces positively condition the abundance and richness of most species except the salt marsh mosquitoes. Remote sensing data provided reliable information for monitoring mosquito populations. Landscape significantly affected mosquito distribution and abundance, and as a result may alter disease risk. These results suggest that while environmental conditions affect the distribution and abundance of mosquitoes, other factors such as human modification of landscapes may give rise to significant changes in mosquito populations and consequently disease risk.
Web Page Classification: a Semantic Analysis

In this paper, a semantic analysis for Web page classification is presented. A set of Web pages, resulting from a simple query to a Web browser, is categorized by disambiguating the meaning of the term used for the search. The disambiguation process begins with the isolation of some outstanding paragraphs; linguistic markers are used to accomplish this task. The search term is located within the paragraphs and the Contextual Exploration Method is used to identify words that lead to the discovery of relationships within an Ontology. Finally, the discovered relationships are used for assigning the web page to a category.
Modelling the single-electron transistor with piecewise linear functions

Hybrid systems built up with CMOS devices and Single-Electron Transistors (SET), have been foreseen as a potential alternative in the long term when CMOS downscaling reaches its physical fundamental limits. Although there are still many problems in the fabrication of these nanoelectronic devices, the design flow for hybrid systems requires further development not only in those aspects directly linked to the design and synthesis, but also in aspects regarding the verification of the design, such as electrical simulation. This paper introduces an appropriate model for the SET that can be easily implemented for co-simulation of hybrid systems. The model constitutes a functional model for the SET in the form of an explicit piecewise linear (PWL) formulation that can be easily coded into a high level language.