Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Land reform and resettlement implementation in Zimbabwe : an overview of the programme against selected international experiences

Land Reform is a world-wide phenomenon aiming to achieve social, political and economic objectives of particular localities and contexts in which it is implemented. In spite of peculiar geographical, and socio-economic differences, global land reform contexts have historically been motivated by the twin-pronged goal of restructuring the land-based production systems, and achieving equity (social justice) in resource access and ownership. Introduced at Independence in 1980, the Zimbabwean land reform programme aims to redress historical social imbalances in land ownership and enable the majority indigenous black population to play its commensurate role in the country’s agricultural production. Due to the socio-political motivation of the programme, the state has assumed a predominant and central role in the implementation process, from policy design, through land identification and acquisition to land development and distribution. Specific models and approaches have been adopted for allocating acquired land and enabling its utilization and management by beneficiaries
Trypanosoma brucei ATG8: Structural insights into autophagic-like mechanisms in protozoa

Bioinformatic searches of genome databases revealed that the number of autophagy-related genes (ATG) is considerably lower in trypanosomes than in higher eukaryotes and even in yeast. This raises the question of whether autophagy in this protozoan parasite is more primitive and represents a rudimentary paradigm due to its early branching off the evolutionary tree. We here present the crystal structure of TbATG8B. This molecule (MW 13.7 kDa) belongs to the ubiquitin-like proteins showing the typical ubiquitin fold and strong sequence homology to LC3, the human homologue. Due to its characteristic folding, it should readily bind to TbATG4.1 for being processed. This presumption was tested by molecular modeling approaches, docking TbATG8B to a homology model of TbATG4.1. Although exchanges of several amino acids are evident from sequence comparisons, the overall structure seems very much alike and the necessary catalytic triad (C-D-H) is well conserved in TbATG4.1. Thus membrane formation during appearance of the autophagic bodies seems very similar in trypanosomes and their higher eukaryotic counterpart.
OpenFOAM: A C++ Library for Complex Physics Simulations

This paper describes the design of OpenFOAM, an object-oriented library for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and structural analysis. Efficient and flexible implementation of complex physical models in Continuum Mechanics is achieved by mimicking the form of partial differential equation in software. The library provides Finite Volume and Finite Element discretisation in operator form and with polyhedral mesh support, with relevant auxiliary tools and support for massively parallel computing. Functionality of OpenFOAM is illustrated on three levels: improvements in linear solver technology with CG-AMG solvers, LES data analysis using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and a self-contained fluid-structure interaction solver.
Corporate Governance, Institutional Characteristics, and Director Networks in Malaysia

This study explores the structural relationship of director networks among boards of directors in publicly listed companies in Malaysia using social network analysis (SNA) techniques at both the director and company levels. This paper examines whether company corporate governance practices and institutional characteristics are associated with company network size and pattern. SNA performed using UCINET and NetDraw software shows that the directors and company in the networking are moderately connected. This suggests that there is a small group of directors or companies that are well-connected and well-positioned to exercise power, control, and influence over the network. This study also reveals the interconnectedness of board members and companies. The regression results also identify a group of the most well-connected and well-positioned directors and companies in Malaysiaâ€™s corporate governance environment. The results suggest that board size, board meeting, and duality are the corporate governance practices, which most influence company network size and pattern. The presence of a Bumiputera or politically-connected director is an institutional characteristic, which especially determines the network of a company.
An algorithm for calculating top-dimensional bounding chains

We describe the Coefficient-Flow algorithm for calculating the bounding chain of an $(n-1)$-boundary on an $n$-manifold-like simplicial complex $S$. We prove its correctness and show that it has a computational time complexity of O(|S(n−1)|) (where S(n−1) is the set of $(n-1)$-faces of $S$). We estimate the big- $O$ coefficient which depends on the dimension of $S$ and the implementation. We present an implementation, experimentally evaluate the complexity of our algorithm, and compare its performance with that of solving the underlying linear system.
Actor Engagement Practices and Triadic Value Co-creation in the Team Sports Ecosystem

Maximilian Stieler* is a former Research Assistant at the Chair of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour at the University of Bayreuth and is now working in the industry. E-mail: stieler.research@ gmail.com. *Corresponding author Claas Christian Germelmann is Full Professor of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour at the University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95444 Bayreuth, Germany, Phone: +49/921 556 130, E-mail: c.c. germelmann@ uni-bayreuth.de. Actor Engagement Practices and Triadic Value Cocreation in the Team Sports Ecosystem
Federated identity management to link and protect healthcare data

Healthcare data should be linked and aggregated across data sources from different organisations to manage performance and provide integrated services. The internet offers the possibility of providing near real-time integration, but the central issue is how to integrate federated identity management with healthcare data integration to protect patient identity and ensure compliance with privacy legislation. In this paper, we use a healthcare scenario to analyse three proposed approaches. Each approach addresses some aspects of the problem while failing to address others. We then present a single framework that combines the three approaches into a single, more comprehensive approach.
Service Quality Delivery of Rural Banks: Perception of Customers in Emerging Economies

The aim of this study was to investigate service quality delivery of rural banks in emerging economies from the customers’ perspective. This study employed descriptive design. A questionnaire designed by the researchers was used to obtain data from 382 customers, using convenience sampling technique. Data were presented and analyzed using descriptive statistics which included frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation. The study found that customers want rural banks in Takoradi to establish more convenient branches i.e. sub branches, outlets and further extend banking hours to resolve overcrowding at the banking halls. It was therefore recommended that management of these rural banks in Takoradi, Ghana should liaise with stakeholders to establish more branches in its catchment areas to ease the frequent congestion in the banking halls.
Morningness, Eveningness And Stress Perception In Physical Education Students

Objective: to identify the stress levels and sleeping habits of students from the Physical Education college during the diurnal and nocturnal periods. Method: this is an exploratory and descriptive study with 103 subjects. Data were collected through the Lipp Stress Symptom Inventory and the Horne & Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Identification Questionnaire, and sociodemographic data. Results: The stress indexes showed 53.40% of students without stress and 46.6% with stress. When comparing gender and stress using the chi-square test, one obtained (p=0.0411), indicating that women are more stressed than men. There were 61.1% of students classified with indifferent chronotype. Among the students, 80.4% from the diurnal period were not suitable for the chronotype, as well as 74.5% of the students from the nocturnal period were not either. Conclusion: the majority of the students did not present the chronotype adequate for the study schedule and they presented stress, being more frequent in the female group.
Reduced anterior internal capsule white matter integrity in primary insomnia

Chronic insomnia is one of the most prevalent central nervous system diseases, however, its neurobiology is poorly understood. Up to now, nothing is known about the integrity of white matter tracts in insomnia patients. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used in a well‐characterized sample of primary insomnia (PI) patients and good sleeper controls to fill this void. Voxelwise between‐group comparisons of fractional anisotropy (FA) were performed in 24 PI patients (10 males; 14 females; 42.7 ± 14.5 years) and 35 healthy good sleepers (15 males; 20 females; 40.1 ± 9.1 years) with age and sex as covariates. PI patients showed reduced FA values within the right anterior internal capsule and a trend for reduced FA values in the left anterior internal capsule. The results suggest that insomnia is associated with a reduced integrity of white matter tracts in the anterior internal capsule indicating that disturbed fronto‐subcortical connectivity may be a cause or consequence of the disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3431–3438, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High-Quality Financial Advice Wanted!

Many private investors rely on the recommendations of professional financial advisors when making investment decisions. However, financial advice is a credence good and its quality is notoriously difficult to assess even ex-post. This paper aims to shed light on financial advisor characteristics that might serve as quality indicators. We surveyed 260 German independent financial advisors (IFA) and obtain three main findings. Firstly, there is a high degree of heterogeneity in quality among financial advisors. Secondly, the extent to which advisors receive compensation in the form of fixed fees instead of sales commissions as well as the extent to which advisors exhibit a high degree of rationality in decision making are predictive of high-quality financial advice. Taking the compensation scheme and rationality into account when selecting a financial advisor might therefore improve the investment decisions of households.
‘Proteomic Basics – Sample Preparation and Separation’: The 1st European Summer School in Kloster Neustift 12–18 August, 2007 Brixen/Bressanone, South Tyrol, Italy

Proteomics is rapidly developing into a routine approach for protein analysis in many laboratories. The series of European‐wide Summer Schools ‘Proteomics Basics’ (http://www.proteomic‐basics.eu/) aims at teaching of comprehensive knowledge in proteomics research and applied technologies for master and graduate students and postdocs currently moving into the field of proteomic research. In the next 3 years the series will cover the theoretical basis of the fundamental topics in the various areas of proteomic analysis, i.e. sample preparation and handling, mass spectrometry, post‐translational modifications and quantitation given by leading experts in the field. This summer school series embodies a unique advantage in comparison with conventional scientific meetings and university curricula: internationally renowned experts will give a detailed perspective view of the fundamentals of their particular proteome research area, something which is usually not encountered at conferences and congresses. Here, we give a report on the first European Summer School ‘Sample Preparation and Handling’ within the series ‘Proteomic Basics’ that was held at the monastery in Neustift close to Bressanone/Brixen, Italy from August 12 to 18, 2007.
Draft Genome Sequence of Achromobacter sp. Strain AR476-2, Isolated from a Cellulolytic Consortium

ABSTRACT Achromobacter sp. AR476-2 is a noncellulolytic strain previously isolated from a cellulolytic consortium selected from samples of insect gut. Its genome sequence could contribute to the unraveling of the complex interaction of microorganisms and enzymes involved in the biodegradation of lignocellulosic biomass in nature.
Efficient airport management under severe weather conditions

At airports Stakeholders, like ANSP, airport authority, ground service provider and airlines are driven by different goals. Therefore they very often just focus on their own processes and do not coordinate with other Stakeholders. That results in missing information, installation of buffer times and a lack of alignment. The new concept of a Performance Based Airport Management (PBAM) introduces Key Performance Indicators (KPI) to manage the processes and requires the involvement of all Stakeholders. As one enabler for PBAM pre-tactical planning of airport processes is identified. Particularly disruptive for the daily airport business are weather events like thunderstorms or snow fall and freezing rain. Today impacts on the operations are awaited but mostly not considered in pre-tactical planning (timeframe up to day of ops) of operational processes. Often, the present meteorological services do not meet the needs of operators at an airport or the delivered products are not specific enough. The disruptive impact of adverse weather on an airport could however be mitigated by using dedicated and tailored observations and forecasts of weather and integrating them into the information sharing and decision making processes. Through a reliable and robust weather forecast air traffic can be operationally influenced much earlier and necessary decisions can be initiated.
SOLVING FLUID DYNAMICS PROBLEMS USING A NEW POLYNOMIAL UPWIND CONVECTION SCHEME

The purpose of this work is to present a new polynomial convection scheme for solving complex fluid dynamics problems. The scheme is evaluated in linear and nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws and then is applied for simulating axisymmetric flow with moving free surfaces. From the results, the scheme shows to be a good tool for CFD.
Humoral immune response to alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase and prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a prototypic biomarker for prostate cancer, it has poor specificity. Expression of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), which is involved in the conversion of R-stereoisomers of branched-chain fatty acids to S-stereoisomers, has been shown to be specifically increased in prostate cancer epithelia. However, attempts to detect AMACR in circulation have not been successful. Hence, we determined whether an immune response to AMACR could be used as a serum biomarker for prostate cancer. METHODS Sera from patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer and from control subjects were screened for a humoral immune response to selected tumor antigens, including AMACR, by using protein microarrays (46 patients, 28 control subjects). Humoral immune response to AMACR was then validated using high-throughput immunoblot analysis (151 patients, 259 control subjects) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (54 patients, 55 control subjects). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the immune response to AMACR to detect prostate cancer. RESULTS Immunoreactivity against AMACR was statistically significantly higher in sera from patients with prostate cancer than in control subjects by all three techniques (P(protein microarray) =. 009, P(immunoblot)<. 001, P(ELISA) =. 011). High-throughput immunoblot analysis revealed that, in subjects with intermediate PSA levels (4-10 ng/mL), the immune response against AMACR was more sensitive and specific than was PSA in distinguishing sera from prostate cancer patients relative to control subjects (sensitivity and specificity of 77.8% and 80.6% versus 45.6% and 50%, respectively; area under the curve of 0.789 versus 0.492; P<.001). CONCLUSION Assays to detect a humoral immune response against AMACR may have the potential to supplement PSA screening in identifying patients with clinically significant prostate cancer, especially those with intermediate PSA levels.
The Myxoma Virus MT 5 Ankyrin Repeat Host Range Protein Is a Novel Adaptor That Coordinately Links the Cellular Signaling Pathways Mediated by Akt and Skp 1 in Virus-Infected Cells

Most poxviruses express multiple proteins containing ankyrin (ANK) repeats accounting for a large superfamily of related but unique determinants of poxviral tropism. Recently, select members of this novel family of poxvirus proteins have drawn considerable attention for their potential roles in modulating intracellular signaling networks during viral infection. The rabbit-specific poxvirus, myxoma virus (MYXV), encodes four unique ANK repeat proteins, termed M-T5, M148, M149, and M150, all of which include a carboxy-terminal PRANC domain which closely resembles a cellular protein motif called the F-box domain. Here, we show that each MYXV-encoded ANK repeat protein, including M-T5, interacts directly with the Skp1 component of the host SCF ubiquitin ligase complex, and that the binding of M-T5 to cullin 1 is indirect via binding to Skp1 in the host SCF complex. To understand the significance of these virus-host protein interactions, the various binding domains of M-T5 were mapped. The N-terminal ANK repeats I and II were identified as being important for interaction with Akt, whereas the C-terminal PRANC/F-box-like domain was essential for binding to Skp1. We also report that M-T5 can bind Akt and the host SCF complex (via Skp1) simultaneously in MYXV-infected cells. Finally, we report that M-T5 specifically mediates the relocalization of Akt from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during infection with the wild-type MYXV, but not the M-T5 knockout version of the virus. These results indicate that ANK/PRANC proteins play a critical role in reprogramming disparate cellular signaling cascades to establish a new cellular environment more favorable for virus replication.
Neutral Indirect Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi on a Specialist Insect Herbivore

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can indirectly affect insect herbivore performance by altering traits in their host plant. Typically, generalist herbivores are negatively affected by AM fungi, whereas specialists are positively affected. This is thought to be caused by differential abilities of specialists and generalists to tolerate and/or exploit plant secondary compounds, the prevalence of which may be related to mycorrhizal colonization. We performed a feeding experiment in which specialist sunflower beetle larvae (Zygogramma exclamationis Fabricius, Chrysomelidae) were fed on mycorrhizal or nonmycorrhizal common annual sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L., Asteraceae). To determine the indirect effects of AM fungi on the sunflower beetle larvae, we measured insect survival and relative growth rate. We also measured leaf area eaten, which allowed relative growth rate to be broken down into two components: relative consumption rate and efficiency of conversion of ingested food. Contrary to several previous studies, we detected no indirect effects of mycorrhizal fungi on larval survival or on relative growth rate or its components. Small effect sizes suggest that this is nonsignificant biologically, as well as statistically, rather than merely an issue of statistical power. Our results support an emerging view that indirect effects of mycorrhizal fungi on insect herbivores may be complex and idiosyncratic. We suggest that future research should emphasize the effects of mycorrhizal fungi on individual plant traits and how these interact to affect insect performance.
Eicosanoid actions in insect cellular immune functions

Insects are more or less constantly challenged with a daunting array of pathogenic organisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans as well as various metazoan parasites and parasitoids. At the first level of defense, the pathogens are rebuffed by physical barriers, including the cuticle and peritrophic membrane. Upon breaching these barriers, pathogens meet with an arsenal of robust and efficacious immune defense mechanisms. Two general categories of defenses are typically recognized, humoral defenses and hemocytic or cellular defenses. The former involves induced synthesis of various antibacterial proteins and peptides, such as cecropins and lysozyme. Cellular defense mechanisms are characterized by direct interactions between circulating hemocytes and the invaders. These include phagocytosis, microaggregation, nodulation, and encapsulation. Microaggregation is a step in the nodulation process, which is responsible for clearing the bulk of bacterial infections from circulation. Coordinated cellular actions lead to encapsulation of invaders, such as parasitoid eggs, that are very much larger than individual hemocytes. While the defense mechanisms are broadly appreciated, less is known about the biochemical signals responsible for mediating and coordinating the cellular actions. We now know eicosanoids mediate phagocytosis, microaggregation, and nodulation reactions to immune challenge, as well as cell spreading, a specific step in nodulation. We have several goals in this mini review. We provide a brief background on cellular immunity, outline eicosanoid biosynthesis, and review eicosanoid actions in cellular immunity in insects. Recent work indicates some pathogens have usurped eicosanoid‐mediated immunity; they disable insect immunity by inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis. We interpret these findings and their significance with respect to the biological control of insects. We also present preliminary work designed to test hypotheses on how eicosanoids exert their actions. We address shortcomings in our knowledge on eicosanoids in insect biology.
Evaluation of a Program to Remove Barriers to Public Health Care for Women With HIV Infection

To facilitate access to care for HIV-infected women, a maternal-child program was started at an HIV outpatient clinic in New Orleans. The program consisted of free child care and transportation, separate waiting and examination rooms, female care providers, merged visits for mother and child, and on-site colposcopy services. This study evaluates the efficacy of the program on improving attendance at the clinic by follow-up of 143 women and 557 men (serving as controls). Multivariate models were adjusted for history of intravenous drug abuse, race, age, CD4 cell count, staging of disease, and time in the clinic. Half of the clients achieved high attendance rates. Women were as likely as men to achieve high attendance rates before the interventions, but more likely to do so at both 6 months and 1 year postintervention (after adjustment for the other variables). These results suggest that responding to special gender-related needs can improve women's attendance for clinic visits.