Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE DETECTABILITY OF TRANSIT DEPTH VARIATIONS DUE TO EXOPLANETARY OBLATENESS AND SPIN PRECESSION

Knowledge of an exoplanet's oblateness and obliquity would give clues about its formation and internal structure. In principle, a light curve of a transiting planet bears information about the planet's shape, but previous work has shown that the oblateness-induced signal will be extremely difficult to detect. Here, we investigate the potentially larger signals due to planetary spin precession. The most readily detectable effects are transit depth variations (TδV's) in a sequence of light curves. For a planet as oblate as Jupiter or Saturn, the transit depth will undergo fractional variations of order 1%. The most promising systems are those with orbital periods of approximately 15–30 days, which are short enough for the precession period to be less than about 40 yr and long enough to avoid spin-down due to tidal friction. The detectability of the TδV signal would be enhanced by moons (which would decrease the precession period) or planetary rings (which would increase the amplitude). The Kepler mission should find several planets for which precession-induced TδV signals will be detectable. Due to modeling degeneracies, Kepler photometry would yield only a lower bound on oblateness. The degeneracy could be lifted by observing the oblateness-induced asymmetry in at least one transit light curve or by making assumptions about the planetary interior.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Fluvoxamine in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Study

Abstract Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia are associated with suboptimal psychosocial performance. Several lines of evidence have suggested that endoplasmic reticulum protein sigma-1 receptors were involved in cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia and that the sigma-1 receptor agonist fluvoxamine was effective in treating cognitive impairments in animal models of schizophrenia and in some patients with schizophrenia. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial of fluvoxamine adjunctive therapy in patients with schizophrenia was performed. A total of 48 patients with chronic schizophrenia were enrolled. Subjects were randomly assigned to an 8-week administration of add-on fluvoxamine (n = 24, titrated up to 150 mg/d) or placebo (n =24) in a total 12-week double-blind trial. The primary outcome measure was the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), assessing visual memory, working memory, attention, and executive function. The secondary outcome measures were the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, the Quality of Life Scale, and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Fluvoxamine was well tolerated. No significant time × group interaction effects were observed in the scores of the CANTAB, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Quality of Life Scale, or the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. However, in secondary analyses, the change from baseline to end point on the Spatial Working Memory strategy score (executive function) of CANTAB improved in the fluvoxamine group. This study suggests no major benefit of fluvoxamine adjunctive therapy to improve cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. Nevertheless, a further study using a large sample size will be needed to confirm the secondary analyses findings.
Comparison of gadobenate dimeglumine and gadopentetate dimeglumine for Breast MRI Screening: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND As a common and essential contrast medium at present, gadobenate dimeglumine has shown better performance than some other agents when applied to Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Screening (Breast MRI Screening). Nevertheless, reports on the diagnostic performance of these two mediums (gadobenate dimeglumine and gadopentetate dimeglumine) are not completely consistent. OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic value of gadobenate dimeglumine and gadopentetate dimeglumine for Breast MRI Screening in patients suffering from breast cancer and to provide more convinced evidence to guide clinical practice in terms of appropriate contrast agents. DATA SOURCES AND REVIEW METHODS Original articles in English and Chinese published before January 2013 were selected from available databases (The Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Scientific Journals Full-text Database, Chinese Journal Full-text). The criteria for inclusion and exclusion were based on the standard for diagnosis tests. Meta-Disc software (Version 1.4) was used for data analysis. Then, the area under curve (AUC) of SROC and the spearman rank correlation of sensitivity against (1-specificity) were calculated. RESULTS Total of 17 researches involving 1934 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity of gadobenate dimeglumine and gadopentetate dimeglumine were 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) and 0.93 (0.88, 1.00) respectively. The pooled specificity for these two contrast agents were 0.924 (0.902, 0.943) and 0.838 (0.817, 0.858) respectively, and the AUC of SROC curve were 0.9781 and 0.9215 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Gadobenate dimeglumine can be regarded as a more effective and feasible contrast medium for Breast MRI Screening. At least 5% differences in diagnostic performance are usually considered as clinically relevant.
The effect of misspecification of random effects distributions in clustered data settings with outcome‐dependent sampling

Genetic epidemiologists often gather outcome‐dependent samples of family data to measure within‐family associations of genetic factors with disease outcomes. Generalized linear mixed models provide effective methods to estimate within‐family associations but typically require parametric specification of the random effects distribution. Although misspecification of the random effects distribution often leads to little bias in estimated regression coefficients in standard, prospective clustered data settings, some recent studies suggest that such misspecification will impact parameter estimates from outcome‐dependent cluster sampling designs. Using analytic results, simulation studies and fits to example data, this study examines the effect of misspecification of random effects distributions on parameter estimates in clustered data settings with outcome‐dependent sampling. We show that the effects are consistent with results from prospective cluster sampling settings. In particular, ascertainment corrected mixed model methods that assume normally distributed random intercepts and conditional likelihood approaches provide accurate estimates of within‐family covariate effects even under a misspecified random effects distribution. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 39: 488–497; 2011 © 2011 Statistical Society of Canada
Motivation for weight loss affects recall from autobiographical memory in dieters

Two studies examined the connection between motivation for weight loss and autobiographical memory by comparing characteristics of autobiographical memories between dieters and non-dieters. Study 1 involved 29 normal/overweight dieters and 48 non-dieters, and Study 2 involved 18 obese dieters and 18 normal weight non-dieters. Memories recalled in response to dieting-related cue words were rated as more central to the person's identity and life story and contained more body- or weight-related elements for the dieters than the non-dieters. No differences between dieters and non-dieters were found on memories recalled in response to neutral cue words. The findings are discussed in relation to the notions of the working self (Conway & Pleydell-Pearce, 2000) and current concerns (Klinger, 1978).
A review on an approach to infer user search goals for optimize result

Nowadays, Internet is widely used by users to satisfy their various information needs. Whenever a user submits any query/topic/keyword to search engine, it provides a long list of results for same query. As a consequence of this, users have to spend a lot of time in searching information of his/her interest. Most of the time it has been seen that, search engine does not deliver most relevant information, and hence information need of user does not get satisfied. Hence to provide best results, an analysis of user search goal behind searching is essential. Inference and analysis of user search goals can help to get relevant and refined results from a search engine and to provide better user experience. In this paper, main focus is on survey of infer user search goal approaches in prior studies which would help researchers to retrieve efficient results and information.
Aging and endothelial function in normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension.

BACKGROUND Experimental data from normotensive and hypertensive animals indicate that aging is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine, and this possibility appears to be confirmed in the human coronary artery. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of age on endothelial responsiveness in the forearm vessels of either normotensive control subjects or essential hypertensive patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Within the normotensive or hypertensive group (n = 53 and n = 57, respectively), subjects were selected with similar blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, and glucose values, and hypercholesterolemic subjects, diabetics, and smokers were excluded. We evaluated forearm blood flow (by strain-gauge plethysmography) modifications induced by intrabrachial acetylcholine (0.15, 0.45, 1.5, 4.5, and 15 micrograms/100 mL per minute), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and sodium nitroprusside (1, 2, and 4 micrograms/100 mL per minute), an endothelium-independent vasodilator. Acetylcholine caused a dose-dependent vasodilation that was significantly (P < .01) lower in essential hypertensive patients than in normotensive control subjects. However, a significant negative correlation was observed between acetylcholine-induced vasodilation and patient age in both normotensive (r = -.86, P < .001) and hypertensive (r = -.85, P < .001) patients. In contrast, vasodilation to sodium nitroprusside was similar in normotensive control subjects and essential hypertensive patients with a poorer inverse correlation with patient age (normotensive control subjects, r = -.37; hypertensive patients, r = -.36) compared with acetylcholine. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that there is a blunted response to acetylcholine with advancing age in both normotensive control subjects and essential hypertensive patients, suggesting that aging is associated with reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans.
Performance Optimization of Semi-Markov Decision Processes with Discounted-cost Criteria

We discuss the problems of discounted-cost performance optimization for a class of semi-Markov decision processes (SMDPs). We define a matrix which can be used as the infinitesimal generator of a Markov process. The discounted Poisson equation is proposed for an SMDP by using this matrix, from which the α-potential is defined. The optimality equation satisfied by the optimal stationary policy is given and the relation between discounted model and average model is discussed. Two iteration algorithms to find e-optimal policies are proposed and the proofs of convergence of these two algorithms are given. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the application of the algorithms.
Lipid Extracts from the Brains of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Induce Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells through the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Mitochondrial Pathway

ABSTRACT Previous studies have verified the protective role of n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in cancer. Fish brain lipids are rich in n3 PUFAs. However, the action and mechanism of their potent anticancer activities remain unclear. In this study, polar lipids (PLs) and neutral lipids (NLs) were isolated from the total lipids (TLs) of the silver carp brain, and the anticancer effects of the lipid fractions (LFs) were examined in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The LFs effectively inhibited the cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by cell cycle arrest at the S stage and induction of apoptosis. Further analyses showed that the apoptotic effect of the LFs on MCF-7 cells was associated with the accumulation of elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Among the TLs, PLs were more effective at causing breast cancer cell death than NLs. Our study showed that the LFs from silver carp brains may aid the prevention and treatment of human breast cancer.
Research on face detection algorithm in Instant Message Robot

In order to solve the human-computer interactive problem in Instant Messaging Robot, a face detection algorithm is proposed in this paper, which adopts skin model and Adaboost face detection algorithm based on Haar feature to detect face. It makes face detection come true successfully in Instant Message Robot. At last, the experiment results are given with the Matlab programs.
Multiphysics and multiscale software frameworks : an annotated bibliography

Multiphysics and multiscale modelling and simulation (MMS) is an emerging trend for the analysis and design of complex systems in many domains. As a result, there are an overwhelmingly large number of MMS software frameworks in the literature and market, while a comprehensive account of these is apparently missing. This paper presents an annotated bibliography of MMS software frameworks. A thorough bibliographic search in Scopus has been done, to nd out the candidates in physical sciences, published from 2000 onwards. Further cross-references have been investigated to achieve a better coverage. The frameworks have been categorized according to their application areas, and annotated with respect to their main features regarding software integration/extension/coupling.
Software Evolution and Quality Data from Controlled, Multiple, Industrial Case Studies

A main difficulty to study the evolution and quality of real-life software systems is the effect of moderator factors, such as: programming skill, type of maintenance task, and learning effect. Experimenters must account for moderator factors to identify the relationships between the variables of interest. In practice, controlling for moderator factors in realistic (industrial) settings is expensive and rather difficult. The data presented in this paper has two particularities: First, it involves six professional developers and four real-life, industrial systems. Second, it was obtained from controlled, multiple case studies where the moderator variables: programming skill, maintenance task, and learning effect were controlled for. This data set is relevant to experimenters studying evolution and quality of real-life systems, in particular those interested in studying industrial systems and replicating empirical studies.
Association of Childhood Complex Trauma and Dissociation With Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Adulthood

This study replicates and extends prior research on the relationship of childhood complex trauma (CCT) and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (cPTSD) in adulthood, examining the role of psychoform and somatoform dissociation as a potential mediator. CCT, dissociation, and cPTSD were assessed in a large sample of adult psychiatric inpatients. Almost two thirds of participants reported having experienced CCT. Path analyses with bootstrap confidence intervals demonstrated a relationship between CCT, psychoform (but not somatoform) dissociation, and cPTSD. In addition, psychoform dissociation partially mediated the relationship between CCT and adult cPTSD symptoms. Dissociation (pathological or nonpathological psychoform and somatoform symptoms) warrants further clinical and scientific study as a potential link between CCT and the presence of adult cPTSD symptoms and/or the dissociative subtype of PTSD.
Analysis of rectangular and triangular microstrip antenna arrays using HFSS

This work presents an analysis and comparison of Rectangular Patch antenna Arrays and Triangular Patch Antenna Arrays. Several Arrays namely 1×2, 2×1, 2×2, 4×1, 2×4, 4×2 of both Rectangular and Triangular shapes are analyzed using the HFSS Simulation Software Tool. The Antenna Parameters Gain, Directivity and Return Loss are analyzed. The Antenna Arrays are analyzed at a resonant frequency of 2.2GHz which are suitable for ISM Band, WLAN and Aerospace Applications.
Influence of an Energy Storage System on the Energy Consumption of a Diesel-Electric Locomotive

This paper studies the influence of an energy storage system (ESS) on the fuel consumption of a diesel-electric locomotive. First, an energetic model of a diesel-electric locomotive is established using energetic macroscopic representation (EMR). An inversion-based control is deduced, and the model is validated by experimental results on a real locomotive. Second, from this validated model, a battery/supercapacitor ESS is added in simulation to study the benefit of hybridization before integration on the real vehicle. The simulations show that simple energy management based on a frequency approach allows for the reduction of 25% on fuel consumption on a real drive cycle.
SPECIES SELECTION AND THE MACROEVOLUTION OF CORAL COLONIALITY AND PHOTOSYMBIOSIS

Differences in the relative diversification rates of species with variant traits are known as species selection. Species selection can produce a macroevolutionary change in the frequencies of traits by changing the relative number of species possessing each trait over time. But species selection is not the only process that can change the frequencies of traits, phyletic microevolution of traits within species and phylogenetic trait evolution among species, the tempo and mode of microevolution can also change trait frequencies. Species selection, phylogenetic, and phyletic processes can all contribute to large‐scale trends, reinforcing or canceling each other out. Even more complex interactions among macroevolutionary processes are possible when multiple covarying traits are involved. Here I present a multilevel macroevolutionary framework that is useful for understanding how macroevolutionary processes interact. It is useful for empirical studies using fossils, molecular phylogenies, or both. I illustrate the framework with the macroevolution of coloniality and photosymbiosis in scleractinian corals using a time‐calibrated molecular phylogeny. I find that standing phylogenetic variation in coloniality and photosymbiosis deflects the direction of macroevolution from the vector of species selection. Variation in these traits constrains species selection and results in a 200 million year macroevolutionary equilibrium.
The extent of intrauterine growth restriction determines the severity of cerebral injury and neurobehavioural deficits in rodents

Background Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the most common physical pediatric neurodevelopmental disorder and spastic diplegic injury is its most frequent subtype. CP results in substantial neuromotor and cognitive impairments that have significant socioeconomic impact. Despite this, its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and etiology remain incompletely understood. Furthermore, there is a need for clinically relevant injury models, which a) reflect the heterogeneity of the condition and b) can be used to evaluate new translational therapies. To address these key knowledge gaps, we characterized a chronic placental insufficiency (PI) model, using bilateral uterine artery ligation (BUAL) of dams. This injury model results in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in pups, and animals recapitulate the human phenotype both in terms of neurobehavioural and anatomical deficits. Methods Effects of BUAL were studied using luxol fast blue (LFB)/hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry, quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Catwalk neurobehavioural tests. Results Neuroanatomical analysis revealed regional ventricular enlargement and corpus callosum thinning in IUGR animals, which was correlated with the extent of growth restriction. Olig2 staining revealed reductions in oligodendrocyte density in white and grey matter structures, including the corpus callosum, optic chiasm, and nucleus accumbens. The caudate nucleus, along with other brain structures such as the optic chiasm, internal capsule, septofimbrial and lateral septal nuclei, exhibited reduced size in animals with IUGR. The size of the pretectal nucleus was reduced only in moderately injured animals. MAG/NF200 staining demonstrated reduced myelination and axonal counts in the corpus callosum of IUGR animals. NeuN staining revealed changes in neuronal density in the hippocampus and in the thickness of hippocampal CA2 and CA3 regions. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) revealed regional white and grey matter changes at 3 weeks of age. Furthermore, neurobehavioural testing demonstrated neuromotor impairments in animals with IUGR in paw intensities, swing speed, relative print positions, and phase dispersions. Conclusions We have characterized a rodent model of IUGR and have demonstrated that the neuroanatomical and neurobehavioural deficits mirror the severity of the IUGR injury. This model has the potential to be applied to examine the pathobiology of and potential therapeutic strategies for IUGR-related brain injury. Thus, this work has potential translational relevance for the study of CP.
Why are we Doing this Again? Towards Uncovering the Outcome Perspective of Enterprise Social Software Use

Growing numbers of companies are implementing enterprise social software (ESS) in its various forms. The adoption and use of those information systems (IS), such as wikis, weblogs, social networking sites, or platforms that combine and integrate various of those IS, is said to have various kinds of impact on organizations. Such impacts include increased productivity or improved innovation levels. In our study, we aim to provide a more holistic overview of the various outcomes of ESS use. In doing this, we conduct a literature review to collect a list of ESS use outcomes, and apply coding techniques to categorize and order these outcomes. Our study contributes to both theory and practice: Our understanding of the outcome perspective of ESS use is advanced, thus answering various calls for research, and management of the value creation process becomes more transparent and more feasible due to the introduction of ESS.
A Skorokhod Map on Measure-Valued Paths with Applications to Priority Queues

The Skorokhod map on the half-line has proved to be a useful tool for studying processes with non-negativity constraints. In this work we introduce a measure-valued analog of this map that transforms each element $\zeta$ of a certain class of c\`{a}dl\`{a}g paths that take values in the space of signed measures on the half-line to a c\`{a}dl\`{a}g path that takes values in the space of non-negative measures on $[0,\infty)$ in such a way that for each $x > 0$, the path $t \mapsto \zeta_t[0,x]$ is transformed via a Skorokhod map on the half-line, and the regulating functions for different $x > 0$ are coupled. We establish regularity properties of this map and show that the map provides a convenient tool for studying queueing systems in which tasks are prioritized according to a continuous parameter. Three such well known models are the earliest-deadline-first, the shortest-job-first and the shortest-remaining-processing-time scheduling policies. For these applications, we show how the map provides a unified framework within which to form fluid model equations, prove uniqueness of solutions to these equations and establish convergence of scaled state processes to the fluid model. In particular, for these models, we obtain new convergence results in time-inhomogeneous settings, which appear to fall outside the purview of existing approaches.