Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How complete are drug history profiles that are based on public drug benefit claims?

BACKGROUND In Canada, programs are being developed to supply hospital emergency departments and family doctors with electronic access to their patientsâ drug history profiles. While some of these programs have access to databases that capture information about all out-patient prescriptions that are dispensed to an individual, regardless of payer; others do not, and rely upon claims paid by their provincial drug benefit plans. The completeness of these latter profiles is unknown. OBJECTIVES To estimate the percentage of Ontario seniors who use private drug insurance (as an indicator of the potential for a âpublicâ drug history profile to be incomplete) and to describe the kinds of medications for which private insurance is used. METHODS Cross-sectional time series analysis of Ontario Drug Benefit (ODB) claims and private drug insurance claims for Ontario residents aged 65 years or older (seniors) covering the period January 2000 to December 2005. RESULTS During the study period, approximately 95% of Ontario seniors filled at least one prescription paid by the provincial drug benefit plan. By comparison, approximately 15-20% filled a prescription paid by a private insurer. Compared to the 20 drugs most frequently subsidized by the ODB Program (all but one of which had ODB full benefit status), the top privately-purchased drugs were more diverse: 8 had ODB full benefit status; 4 had ODB Limited Use status (which requires that patients meet prespecified clinical criteria for coverage); 3 required individual clinical review (prior authorization) by the ODB Program; and 5 were ODB non-benefits. CONCLUSIONS Many Ontario seniors are at risk for an incomplete ODB drug history profile. Further research is needed to confirm whether this causes problems for physicians and patients.
Employee retention and psychological health: evidence from military recruits

We estimate the relationship between psychological attributes of US Army recruits soon after enlistment and their propensity to leave service. We find that those with the worst psychological health are more likely to terminate employment, and we show how identifying psychologically unfit candidates prior to their employment can reduce the likelihood of future turnover and associated personnel costs. These findings have broad application to other stressful occupations such as firefighters, policemen and first-responders.
Qualitative Analysis To Ascertain Genotypic Identity of or Differences between Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in Laboratories with Limited Resources

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis is currently genotyped using mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit–variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing, although the high cost of this technique restricts its implementation in resource-limited settings. We designed a MIRU-VNTR format, MLP3 (MIRU-VNTR length polymorphism triplex), that is based on the qualitative comparison of 5 nonfluorescent 3-band fingerprints in conventional electrophoresis and minimizes costs and technical demands. MLP3 successfully resolved cross-contamination alerts, discriminated reinfections from reactivations, clarified suspected microepidemics, and tracked transmission events of high epidemiological interest.
The Impact of Fear of Falling on Functional Independence Among Older Adults Receiving Home Health Services

Background: Falls are the fifth leading cause of death for adults aged 65 years and older. Several intrinsic and extrinsic fall risk factors have been identified, butthere is less understanding of the impact of a fear of falling on falls. Seventy percent of recent fallers and 40% percent of non-fallers report a fear of falling. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between a fear of falling and a history of falls, as well as the impact on the functional independence of community-dwelling older adults receiving home health services. Methods: The participants completed the Falls Efficacy Scale, the Modified Timed Up and Go Test, selfreported fear of falling, and the KATZ ADL-staircase. The participants were primarily Hispanic females. Results: There was not a significant correlation between a fear of falling and a history of falls. Only participants' age, gender, and the number of medical diagnoses were predictive of past falls. There was a moderate correlation between impaired functional mobility and dependence with activities of daily living (ADL). Additionally, a fear of falling was associated with dependence to perform ADLs as measured objectively. Conclusion: Future studies need to examine the effectiveness of interventions that include dual-task challenges during therapeutic interventions and ADL retraining to reduce fall risk among older adults. Comments To view a video about this article with the author, Kathy Lawson, visit our partner, MedBridge, at: http://ojot.medbridgeeducation. com/breakouts/5-the-fear-of-falling-among-older-adults. OJOT is excited to partner with MedBridge to offer online CEUs through Breakouts – short, evidence-based video interviews featuring OJOT authors. Click here to learn more about this unique opportunity for discussions on hot topics in OT by leading researchers.
An aVLSI Cricket Ear Model

Female crickets can locate males by phonotaxis to the mating song they produce. The behaviour and underlying physiology has been studied in some depth showing that the cricket auditory system solves this complex problem in a unique manner. We present an analogue very large scale integrated (aVLSI) circuit model of this process and show that results from testing the circuit agree with simulation and what is known from the behaviour and physiology of the cricket auditory system. The aVLSI circuitry is now being extended to use on a robot along with previously modelled neural circuitry to better understand the complete sensorimotor pathway.
Research on QDFET Using for Single Photon Detection

As an new pattern single photon detector, quantum-dot based single photon detector have good performance potential. In this paper, we first introduce the mechanism of photo-conductive gain of quantum-dot field effect transistor(QDFET), which is more suitable for quantum telecommunications compared to traditional mechanism. Then, QDFET in the form of a quantum point contact is mainly discussed, including its sensitivity and transport characteristics. This method is feasible and effective.
Transcription of Spanish and Spanish-Influenced English

In the United States alone, almost 9% of the population-22 million individuals-speaks Spanish (Grimes, 1996). The population of Hispanics/Latinos is predicted to increase to 51 million individuals by the year 2025 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1995). Many of these individuals will be native Spanish speakers who will be acquiring English. More than likely, their production of the English phonological system will be influenced by their pronunciation of Spanish (and vice versa in some cases). This article provides information on the transcription of Spanish, common dialects of Spanish, Spanish-influenced English, and English-influenced Spanish.
MicroRNA Genes Derived from Repetitive Elements and Expanded by Segmental Duplication Events in Mammalian Genomes

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for translation repression or mRNA degradation. Many miRNAs are being discovered and studied, but in most cases their origin, evolution and function remain unclear. Here, we characterized miRNAs derived from repetitive elements and miRNA families expanded by segmental duplication events in the human, rhesus and mouse genomes. We applied a comparative genomics approach combined with identifying miRNA paralogs in segmental duplication pair data in a genome-wide study to identify new homologs of human miRNAs in the rhesus and mouse genomes. Interestingly, using segmental duplication pair data, we provided credible computational evidence that two miRNA genes are located in the pseudoautosomal region of the human Y chromosome. We characterized all the miRNAs whether they were derived from repetitive elements or not and identified significant differences between the repeat-related miRNAs (RrmiRs) and non-repeat-derived miRNAs in (1) their location in protein-coding and intergenic regions in genomes, (2) the minimum free energy of their hairpin structures, and (3) their conservation in vertebrate genomes. We found some lineage-specific RrmiR families and three lineage-specific expansion families, and provided evidence indicating that some RrmiR families formed and expanded during evolutionary segmental duplication events. We also provided computational and experimental evidence for the functions of the conservative RrmiR families in the three species. Together, our results indicate that repetitive elements contribute to the origin of miRNAs, and large segmental duplication events could prompt the expansion of some miRNA families, including RrmiR families. Our study is a valuable contribution to the knowledge of evolution and function of non-coding region in genome.
The psychological impact of the unpredictability of multiple sclerosis: a qualitative literature meta-synthesis

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological conditioncharacterised by an unpredictable nature. This characteristic is reported to be the largest challenge for individuals with the condition. Chronic illness literature highlights the psychological impact of unpredictability, but there is a paucity of research examining this concept in MS. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to explore the psychological impact of unpredictability in MS. Methods: A meta-synthesis was conducted. A total of 6 studies with 59 participants were reviewed and critically appraised. Themes relating to the psychological impact of unpredictability were extracted and synthesised. Results: A preliminary model of the unpredictability of MS was developed highlighting the different psychological impacts of diagnosis, remission and relapse. Conclusions: The psychological impact of unpredictability alters through diagnosis, remission and relapse. Further research is required to explore the experience of unpredictability in MS.
Residual Excitation Skewness for Automatic Speech Polarity Detection

Detecting the correct speech polarity is a necessary step prior to several speech processing techniques. An error on its determination could have a dramatic detrimental impact on their performance. As current systems have to deal with increasing amounts of data stemming from multiple devices, the automatic detection of speech polarity has become a crucial problem. For this purpose, we here propose a very simple algorithm based on the skewness of two excitation signals. The method is shown on 10 speech corpora (8545 files) to lead to an error rate of only 0.06% in clean conditions and to clearly outperform four state-of-the-art methods. Besides it significantly reduces the computational load through its simplicity and is observed to exhibit the strongest robustness in both noisy and reverberant environments.
The topology of Schwarzschild's solution and the Kruskal metric

Kruskal's extension solves the problem of the arrow of time of the ``Schwarzschild solution'' through combining two Hilbert manifolds by a singular coordinate transformation. We discuss the implications for the singularity problem and the definition of the mass point. The analogy set by Rindler between the Kruskal metric and the Minkowski spacetime is investigated anew. The question is answered, whether this analogy is limited to a similarity of the chosen "Bildraume'', or can be given a deeper, intrinsic meaning. The conclusion is reached by observing a usually neglected difference: the left and right quadrants of Kruskal's metric are endowed with worldlines of absolute rest, uniquely defined through each event by the manifold itself, while such worldlines obviously do not exist in the Minkowski spacetime.
Scarborough Intergenerational Alliance: An Art-based Narrative Therapy Model

Abstract: This paper describes an art-based, narrative therapy model for working with new immigrant communities facing issues of intergenerational conflict. The project was conducted with the Tamil community in Scarborough, Ontario and aimed to address intergenerational conflict and build intergenerational alliances within the community. One of the unique aspects of this project was that Tamil community members, who had been involved in an Intergenerational Alliance project in Toronto, volunteered to help run the group and were trained in facilitation skills. The hope was that the project could eventually become a self-sustaining community run group.
Framing European politics: a content analysis of press and television news

We investigated the prevalence of 5 news frames identified in earlier studies on framing and framing effects: attribution of responsibility, conflict, human interest, economic consequences, and morality. We content analyzed 2,601 newspaper stories and 1,522 television news stories in the period surrounding the Amsterdam meetings of European heads of state in 1997. Our results showed that, overall, the attribution of responsibility frame was most commonly used in the news, followed by the conflict, economic consequences, human interest, and morality frames, respectively. The use of news frames depended on both the type of outlet and the type of topic. Most significant differences were not between media (television vs. the press) but between sensationalist vs. serious types of news outlets. Sober and serious newspapers and television news programs more often used the responsibility and conflict frames in the presentation of news, whereas sensationalist outlets more often used the human interest frame.
Age Effects in Adaptive Criterion Learning.

OBJECTIVE Although prior work has examined age-related changes to criterion placement and flexibility, no study tested these constructs through a paradigm that employs adaptive feedback to encourage specific criterion changes. The goal of this study was to assess age differences in how young and older adults adapt and shift criteria in recognition memory decisions based on trial-by-trial feedback. METHOD Young and older adults completed an adaptive criterion learning paradigm. Over 3 study/test cycles, a biased feedback technique at test encouraged more liberal or strict responding by false-positive feedback toward false alarms or misses. RESULTS Older adults were more conservative than young, even when feedback first encouraged a liberal response bias, and older adults adaptively placed criteria in response to biased feedback, much like young adults. After first being encouraged to respond conservatively, older adults shifted criteria less than young when feedback encouraged more lenient responding. DISCUSSION These findings evidence labile adaptive criteria placement and criteria shifting with age. However, age-related tendencies toward conservative response biases may limit the extent to which criteria can be shifted in a lenient direction.
Isolating the effects of the cognitive interview techniques

The Cognitive Interview (CI) is a procedure designed for use in police interviews involving witnesses. This study tested the most recent version of the CI (Fisher and Geiselman, 1992) which comprises not only `cognitive' techniques such as context reinstatement but also more `social' communication techniques for increasing rapport. Children (8-9 years) viewed a magic show and were interviewed after a short delay of 2 days (Time 1) and/or a longer delay of 12 days (Time 2). At Time 1 the CI produced a significantly greater amount of correct recall than did a structured interview (SI) which was similar to the CI save for the CI's special cognitive techniques. However, at Time 1 the CI also produced significantly more recall errors. At Time 2, no differences occurred between CI and SI recall. There was a significant hypermnesia effect at Time 2 for those groups interviewed twice suggesting an effect of retrieval practice. The Time 1 effects of the CI were found to exist only in the questioning phase of the interview and social and cognitive explanations for the changes in the nature of recall with a CI are considered. Practical implications are discussed in the context of good practice for interviewing child witnesses.
FaSST: Fast, Scalable and Simple Distributed Transactions with Two-Sided (RDMA) Datagram RPCs

FaSST is an RDMA-based system that provides distributed in-memory transactions with serializability and durability. Existing RDMA-based transaction processing systems use one-sided RDMA primitives for their ability to bypass the remote CPU. This design choice brings several drawbacks. First, the limited flexibility of one-sided RDMA reduces performance and increases software complexity when designing distributed data stores. Second, deep-rooted technical limitations of RDMA hardware limit scalability in large clusters. FaSST eschews one-sided RDMA for fast RPCs using two-sided unreliable datagrams, which we show drop packets extremely rarely on modern RDMA networks. This approach provides better performance, scalability, and simplicity, without requiring expensive reliability mechanisms in software. In comparison with published numbers, FaSST outperforms FaRM on the TATP benchmark by almost 2x while using close to half the hardware resources, and it outperforms DrTM+R on the SmallBank benchmark by around 1.7x without making data locality assumptions.
The dual nature of the human face: there is a little Jekyll and a little Hyde in all of us

The fact that a mere glance makes it possible to extract a wealth of information about the person being observed is testament to both the salience of the human face and the brain’s high efficiency in processing this information. Prior work has revealed that social judgments of faces are determined by facial features that vary on two orthogonal dimensions: trustworthiness and dominance. We conducted two experiments to investigate the visual information subtending trustworthiness and dominance judgments. In Experiment 1, we used the Bubbles technique to identify the facial areas and the spatial frequencies that modulate these two judgments. Our results show that the eye and mouth areas in high-to-medium spatial frequency bands were positively correlated with judgments of trustworthiness; the eyebrows region in medium-to-low frequency bands was positively correlated with judgments of dominance; and the lower left jawbone in medium-to-low frequency bands was negatively correlated with judgments of dominance. In Experiment 2, we used the results of Experiment 1 to induce subtle variations in the relative contrast of different facial areas, and showed that it is possible to rig social perception using such a manipulation.
The impact of social style upon person perception in primary relationships

The concept of social style, or the observable style of communication behavior exhibited by each individual, was introduced. Two primary dimensions of communication behavior were identified: assertiveness and responsiveness. Combinations of high and low levels of each dimension yield four styles: expressive, driving, amiable, and analytical. Hypotheses were presented which suggest that the consequences of social style include varying person perceptions. These perceptions included versatility, trust, credibility, power, attraction, and similarity. Finally, it was suggested that style is stable for an individual across situations and contexts. Two hypotheses were derived in order to test the relationships between social style and person perception and a research question was posed in regard to the assumption of stability. One hundred sixty‐two people had acquaintances, friends, and co‐workers fill out the research instrument. The total N for the study was approximately 375. Results indicated that in those c.
Versatile modes of peptide recognition by the ClpX N domain mediate alternative adaptor‐binding specificities in different bacterial species

ClpXP, an AAA+ protease, plays key roles in protein‐quality control and many regulatory processes in bacteria. The N‐terminal domain of the ClpX component of ClpXP is involved in recognition of many protein substrates, either directly or by binding the SspB adaptor protein, which delivers specific classes of substrates for degradation. Despite very limited sequence homology between the E. coli and C. crescentus SspB orthologs, each of these adaptors can deliver substrates to the ClpXP enzyme from the other bacterial species. We show that the ClpX N domain recognizes different sequence determinants in the ClpX‐binding (XB) peptides of C. crescentus SspBα and E. coli SspB. The C. crescentus XB determinants span 10 residues and involve interactions with multiple side chains, whereas the E. coli XB determinants span half as many residues with only a few important side chain contacts. These results demonstrate that the N domain of ClpX functions as a highly versatile platform for peptide recognition, allowing the emergence during evolution of alternative adaptor‐binding specificities. Our results also reveal highly conserved residues in the XB peptides of both E. coli SspB and C. crescentus SspBα that play no detectable role in ClpX‐binding or substrate delivery.
Privacy of data outsourced to a cloud for selected readers through client-side encryption

We propose a scheme using client-side encryption with symmetric keys for the privacy of data outsourced to the cloud for selected readers. The scheme is safe under the most popular "honest, but curious" model. Readers get the keys from access grants or have them cached. LH* files store cloud data and metadata. Diffie-Hellman scheme authenticates clients. Every client can read any data, but only a grantee decrypts the content. Access to data is usually the fastest possible that is two messages and the decryption, regardless of the cloud scale up. Data or grant creation or update costs are also constant with a few messages and fast processing. All these features serve our main goal: the search speed and scalability yet unmatched to our best knowledge. The scheme is finally intentionally very simple.
Non-line-of-sight MoCap

The sensing of objects hidden behind an occluder is a fascinating emerging area of research and expected to have an impact in numerous application fields such as automobile safety, remote observation or endoscopy. In the past, this problem has consistently been solved with the use of expensive time-of-flight technology and often required a long reconstruction time. Our system is the first one that only relies on off-the-shelf intensity cameras and lasers. To achieve this, we developed a novel analysis-by-synthesis scheme which utilizes the output of a specialized renderer as input to an optimizer to perform the reconstruction. In the exhibition, visitors can freely move the object around in the hidden scene, while our camera setup on the other side of the wall reconstructs the object position and orientation in real time. We hope that this first hand experience will spread excitement about possible future applications of this new technology.
Hunting Desertion in Norway: Barriers and Attitudes Toward Retention Measures

Hunting participation is declining in many Western countries. We surveyed 1,113 persons in Norway who had completed the mandatory hunting education program but not continued to hunt in order to examine reasons for desertion. Key barriers included lack of knowledge, associated expenses, and a lack of people to hunt with. Measures that may increase participation include improved knowledge about hunting practices and weapon handling, hunting opportunities, how to treat harvested game, as well as support from family and friends. We recommend the following measures to increase recruitment: a mentor arrangement where experienced hunters take the responsibility for assisting new hunters through their first season; a practical follow-up course in shooting, weapons handling, and field skills; and improved information about hunting opportunities that are accessible locally and regionally.