Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design fixation: Classifications and modern methods of prevention

Abstract The term design fixation is often used interchangeably to refer to situations where designers limit their creative output because of an overreliance on features of preexisting designs, or more generally, an overreliance on a specific body of knowledge directly associated with a problem. In this paper, we argue that interdisciplinary interest in design fixation has led to increasingly broad definitions of the phenomenon that may be undermining empirical research efforts, educational efforts to minimize fixation, and the acquisition and dissemination of transdisciplinary knowledge about fixation effects. To address these issues, we recommend that researchers consider categorizing fixation phenomena into one of three classifications: unconscious adherence to the influence of prior designs, conscious blocks to change, and intentional resistance to new ideas. Next, we distinguish between concept-based design fixation, fixation to a specific class of known design concepts, and knowledge-based design fixation, fixation to a problem-specific knowledge base. With these distinctions in place, we propose a system of orders of design fixation, recommend methods for reducing fixation in inventive design, and recommend areas that are in need of further research within the field of design science.
Thermal conductivity from first-principles in bulk, disordered, and nanostructured materials

Thermal conductivity is an important transport property that plays a vital role in applications such as high efficiency thermoelectric devices as well as in thermal management of electronics. We present a first-principles approach based on density-functional perturbation theory (DFPT) to predict the thermal conductivity of semiconducting materials. Heat in these materials is conducted by lattice vibrations (phonons). The most important ingredients in the prediction of thermal conductivity in such materials are the second- and third-order derivatives of energy with respect to atomic displacements. Typically, these are derived using empirical potentials which do not produce the correct harmonic and anharmonic behavior, necessary to accurately compute phonon frequencies and relaxation times. We obtain these derivatives from quantum mechanics through DFPT, and use them along with the solution of the phonon Boltzmann transport equation to predict thermal conductivity. We apply the approach to isotopically pure silicon and germanium as well as materials with disorder such as silicon-germanium alloys and show how this leads to excellent agreement between computed and experimentally measured values. The approach is also applied to predict thermal transport in nanostructured materials such as superlattices. In isotopically pure silicon and germanium, phonons scatter only through the three-phonon anharmonic scattering processes. Using the single-mode relaxation time approximation and estimating the scattering rate of these processes based on the force constants derived from DFPT, excellent agreement is obtained between computed and measured values of thermal conductivity. The approach predicts that in isotopically pure silicon, more than 90% of the heat is conducted by phonons of mean free path larger than 40 nm, providing avenues to lower thermal conductivity through nanostructuring. To predict thermal transport in disordered silicon-germanium alloys of any composition, we make use of the phonon modes of an average crystal which has the two atom unit cell and average mass and force constants appropriate for that composition. The disorder is taken to lead to elastic two-phonon scattering in addition to the three-phonon scattering present in pure materials. The idea was first proposed by Abeles in 1963; however we are able to compute all the ingredients from firstprinciples. The force constants for the composition Sio.5 Geo.5 are obtained by using the virtual crystal where the atomic potential at each site is an average of the silicon and germanium potentials. We demonstrate how this approach can be used to guide design of nanostructured materials to further lower thermal conductivity. In superlattices, we again use the virtual crystal to obtain the second-order and third-force constants. Computed thermal conductivity is found to lower with increase in superlattice period; however, the predicted values are higher than experimentally measured values, and we discuss the cause of this discrepancy. In the limit of very small…
12 Tracking Clothed People

This chapter presents an approach for motion capturing (MoCap) of dressed people. A cloth draping method is embedded in a silhouette based MoCap system and an error functional is formalized to minimize image errors with respect to silhouettes, pose and kinematic chain parameters, the cloth draping components and external forces. Furthermore, Parzen-Rosenblatt densities on static pose configurations are used to stabilize tracking in highly noisy image sequences. We report on various experiments with two types of clothes, namely a skirt and a pair of shorts. Finally we compare the angles of the MoCap system with results from a commercially available marker based tracking system. The experiments show, that we are less than one dregree above the error range of marker based tracking systems, though body parts are occluded with cloth.
Melanoma Expressed-CD70 Is Regulated by RhoA and MAPK Pathways without Affecting Vemurafenib Treatment Activity

CD70 is a costimulatory molecule member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor family that is expressed on activated immune cells. Its ectopic expression has been described in several types of cancer cells including lymphomas, renal cell carcinomas and glioblastomas. We have recently described its expression in a part of tumor cells from the vast majority of melanoma biopsies and human melanoma cell lines, and found that CD70 expression decreased over time as the disease progressed. Here, we show that RhoA, BRAF and Mitogen Activating Protein Kinase pathways are involved in the positive transcriptional regulation of CD70 expression in melanomas. Interestingly, the clinical inhibitor of the common BRAF V600E/D variants, Vemurafenib (PLX-4032), which is currently used to treat melanoma patients with BRAF V600E/D-mutated metastatic melanomas, decreased CD70 expression in human CD70+ melanoma cell lines. This decrease was seen in melanoma cells both with and without the BRAFV600E/D mutation, although was less efficient in those lacking the mutation. But interestingly, by silencing CD70 in CD70+ melanoma cell lines we show that PLX-4032-induced melanoma cell killing and its inhibitory effect on MAPK pathway activation are unaffected by CD70 expression. Consequently, our work demonstrates that CD70 ectopic expression in melanomas is not a valuable biomarker to predict tumor cells sensitivity to BRAF V600 inhibitors.
Factorization-based Hierarchical Reconstruction for Circular Motion

A new practical method is developed for 3D reconstruction from an image sequence captured by a camera with constant intrinsic parameters undergoing circular motion. We introduce a method for enforcing the circular constraint in a factorization-based projective reconstruction. This is called a circular projective reconstruction. Given a turntable sequence, our method uses a hierarchical approach to reconstructing the objects and cameras, which first computes a circular projective reconstruction of a sub-sequence and then extends the reconstruction to the complete sequence. Camera matrix and the motion parameters, i.e. the rotation angles, are computed iteratively in a way that minimizes the 2D reprojection error. Thus, an optimal reconstruction is obtained upon convergence. The algorithm is evaluated using real image sequence.
Triosephosphate isomerase: energetics of the reaction catalyzed by the yeast enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli.

Triosephosphate isomerase from bakers' yeast, expressed in Escherichia coli strain DF502(p12), has been purified to homogeneity. The kinetics of the reaction in each direction have been determined at pH 7.5 and 30 degrees C. Deuterium substitution at the C-2 position of substrate (R)-glyceraldehyde phosphate and at the 1-pro-R position of substrate dihydroxyacetone phosphate results in kinetic isotope effects on kcat of 1.6 and 3.4, respectively. The extent of transfer of tritium from [1(R)-3H]dihydroxyacetone phosphate to product (R)-glyceraldehyde phosphate during the catalyzed reaction is only 3% after 66% conversion to product, indicating that the enzymic base that mediates proton transfer is in rapid exchange with solvent protons. When the isomerase-catalyzed reaction is run in tritiated water in each direction, radioactivity is incorporated both into the remaining substrate and into the product. In the "exchange-conversion" experiment with dihydroxyacetone phosphate as substrate, the specific radioactivity of remaining dihydroxyacetone phosphate rises as a function of the extent of reaction with a slope of about 0.3, while the specific radioactivity of the products is 54% that of the solvent. In the reverse direction with (R)-glyceraldehyde phosphate as substrate, the specific radioactivity of the product formed is only 11% that of the solvent, while the radioactivity incorporated into the remaining substrate (R)-glyceraldehyde phosphate also rises as a function of the extent of reaction with a slope of 0.3. These results have been analyzed according to the protocol described earlier to yield the free energy profile of the reaction catalyzed by the yeast isomerase. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Three-dimensional micromechanical finite element analysis on gauge length dependency of the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixtures

The dynamic modulus of asphalt mixture is one of the major parameters for pavement design. It is generally measured by gauge-point-mounted (GPM) measurement system based on indirect tensile test (IDT), which is very costly and time-consuming. Furthermore, the gauge length in the GPM system has a significant effect on the dynamic modulus but has not been taken into account. This paper focuses on the numerical simulation of the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixture and its dependency on gauge length. The microstructure of asphalt mixture was captured using the non-destructive X-ray computed tomography technique. The series of images were transformed into a three-dimensional (3D) data array that can be mapped into finite element method elements to build a 3D model. Meanwhile, the general Maxwell model was applied for viscoelastic mastic and calibrated from Prony series analysis of the mastic test data. The IDT numerical simulations by incorporating specimen microstructure and ingredient properties were conducted within linear viscoelastic range. The simulation results of the dynamic modulus have good correlations with the testing results. Moreover, the simulation shows the relationship between the dynamic modulus and gauge length. These results indicate that different gauge lengths affect the dynamic modulus significantly. Additionally, this study simulated the gauge length dependency of the dynamic modulus when considering viscoelasticity and heterogeneity.
Scheduling Heterogeneous Flows with Delay-Aware Deduplication for Avionics Applications

An avionics network demands determinism and predictability. This is especially challenging because of the relatively low bandwidth of the on-board network, and the emerging needs of heterogeneous flows due to the proliferation of avionics applications. Redundant transmission and hard real-time scheduling potentially generate many duplicate data, which makes deduplication become more difficult. Many avionic flows further exhibit dynamic workloads which may change abruptly online. Hence, besides the guarantee of transmission delay, modern avionic network design needs to flexibly handle burst flows and efficiently implement data deduplication for bandwidth saving. In order to address these challenges, we propose a DeDuplication-aware Deficit Round Robin (D2DRR)-based scheduling scheme for Avionics Full DupleX (AFDX) networks with the benefits of low complexity and easy implementation. The core idea is to judiciously offer proper “division of labor” between switches and end systems and transform the services for heterogeneous flows to a single representation of utilization, i.e., DRR quantum, which can be flexibly reconfigured. We further leverage Bloom filters to support fast deduplication in order to reduce the load on the AFDX network. D2DRR, hence, offers salient features, elastic scheduling and adept deduplication, to deliver substantial performance improvements. Through both simulations and real implementations, extensive experimental results in an AFDX testbed demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of our proposed schemes.
Effects of Processing Parameters on Tensile Strength of Thin-Wall HDPE Parts Injection Molded by Ultra High-Speed Process

This study explores how ultra high-speed processing parameters affect the melt flow length and tensile strength of thin-wall injection molded parts. A spiral shaped mold with a specimen thickness of 0.4 mm and a width of 6 mm was first constructed to test the melt flow length as an index of process capability for ultra high-speed injection molding. It was observed that the flow length increases with increasing injection speed. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) tensile test specimens with different thicknesses (0.6 mm and 2 mm) were also molded for tensile tests. Both single gate and double gates were used to form parts without and with weldlines. Injection molding trials were executed by systematically adjusting related parameters setting including mold temperature, melt temperature, and injection speed. The parts’ tensile strengths were measured experimentally. It was found that tensile strengths of 0.6 mm thick parts both with and without weldlines were higher than those of 2 mm thick parts. The tensile strength of 0.6 mm thick specimens increases with increasing mold temperature, melt temperature and injection speed, whereas tensile strength in 2 mm thick specimens was only weakly dependent on the corresponding processing parameters. Furthermore, 0.6 mm thick specimens with weldlines had tensile strengths lowered about 9.6% compared to parts without weldlines. For 2 mm thick part the corresponding reduction is 4.3%.
Peripancreatic artery ligation and artery infusion chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To develop a new treatment for advanced pancreatic carcinoma. METHODS Twenty-nine patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma (12 patients with liver metastasis at the same time) were randomly divided into two groups. In group A (n = 11), patients underwent bilio-enterostomy and/or gastro-enterostomy combined with systemic chemotherapy after surgery. In group B (n = 18), patients underwent bilio-enterostomy and/or gastro-enterostomy combined with peripancreatic arterial ligation and arterial infusion regional chemotherapy. Twenty-four patients were followed up for 3 - 18 months. The palliation of clinical symptoms, changes in carcinoma size by B ultrasound (BUS) and CT scan, survival period and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were observed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS Symptoms were alleviated in most patients in group B, and BUS and CT scan showed that tumor volume decreased in group B. The response rate was 66.7% in group B and 18.2% in group A (P < 0.01). The mean survival period was 4.8 +/- 0.6 months in group A and 12.5 +/- 1.2 months in group B (P < 0.01); there were significant differences between the two groups. The decrease in serum CEA was 54% in group A and 60% in group B; the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Peripancreatic arterial ligation combined with arterial infusion regional chemotherapy is effective against both pancreatic carcinoma and with liver metastases. It can alleviate clinical symptoms, postpone the growth rate of tumor and prolong the survival period.
Output-feedback control of continuous-time switched linear systems via modified Lyapunov-Metzler inequalities

This paper focuses on the output-feedback controller design problem for a kind of continuous-time switched linear systems. The switching rule is state-dependent and satisfies a relaxed min-switching logic. The switching rule and the switching output-feedback controller can be derived by utilizing the modified Lyapunov-Metzler inequalities and the obtained closed-loop system guarantees a prespecified l2 gain performance. Some special techniques are employed such that the variables in the proposed conditions can be mode-dependent, instead of partly mode-dependent.
Reference Current Detection Algorithmfor STATCOM

A reference currentdetection algorithm based on synchronous reference frame transformation and discrete Fourier transformation is presented for STATCOM (Static SynchronousCompensator) to provide synthetic compensation. The proposed algorithm can be used to extract reactive currents, unbalanced currents and characteristic harmonic currents from the load currents in real time. This algorithm allows the simultaneous compensation of two current harmonics with just one regulator, yieldinga significant reduction of the computational effort compared with other methods. The results of simulation and experiment show the validity of this method. DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i3. 4451 Full Text: PDF
Fusion of Heterogeneous Intrusion Detection Systems for Network Attack Detection

An intrusion detection system (IDS) helps to identify different types of attacks in general, and the detection rate will be higher for some specific category of attacks. This paper is designed on the idea that each IDS is efficient in detecting a specific type of attack. In proposed Multiple IDS Unit (MIU), there are five IDS units, and each IDS follows a unique algorithm to detect attacks. The feature selection is done with the help of genetic algorithm. The selected features of the input traffic are passed on to the MIU for processing. The decision from each IDS is termed as local decision. The fusion unit inside the MIU processes all the local decisions with the help of majority voting rule and makes the final decision. The proposed system shows a very good improvement in detection rate and reduces the false alarm rate.
Potential Clinical Applications of PET/MR Imaging in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease are among today’s most alarming health problems in our aging society. The clinical assessment of neurodegenerative disorders benefits from recent innovations in the field of imaging technology. These innovations include emerging tracers for molecular imaging of neurodegenerative pathology and the introduction of novel integrated PET/MR imaging instruments. Because both PET and MR imaging procedures have shown critical value in the diagnostic work-up of neurodegenerative disorders, the combination of both imaging modalities in the form of an integrated PET/MR imaging system may be of value. This combination includes practical methodologic advantages and an improved workflow facilitated by the combined acquisition of dual-modality data. It offers clinical advantages because of the systematic combination of complementary information, potentially allowing the creation of novel integrated imaging biomarkers. The effectiveness of new disease-modifying treatments may depend on the timely initiation of therapy before irreversible neuronal damage in slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorders. Integrated PET/MR imaging may be able to improve such early diagnosis through both structural and functional information.
A technique for minimizing power during FPGA placement

This paper considers the implementation of an annealing technique for dynamic power reduction in FPGAs. The proposed method comprises a power-aware objective function for placement and is implemented in a commercial tool. In particular, a capacitance model based on multi-dimensional nonlinear regression is described, as well as a new capacitance model for global nets. The importance and advantages of these models are highlighted in terms of the overall attainable reduction in power in a real, commercially-available architecture and tool flow. The results are quantified across a range of industrial benchmarks targeting the Actelreg IGLOOtrade FPGA architecture. Power measurements show that, across a suite of 120 industrial designs, the technique described in this paper reduces dynamic power by 13% on average, with only a 1% degradation in timing performance.
Lactobacilli producing bispecific llama-derived anti-rotavirus proteins in vivo for rotavirus-induced diarrhea.

AIMS Using genetically engineered lactobacilli, producing high avidity llama VHH domains (referred to as anti-rotavirus proteins; ARPs), to test the effect of multimeric antibody fragments as prophylaxis and therapy against rotavirus infection. METHODS Two ARPs, ARP1 and ARP3, shown to bind to different epitopes and act synergistically against rotavirus, were displayed on the surface of Lactobacillus paracasei as monovalent or bivalent proteins (mono- or bi-specific). RESULTS Although a nonsignificant difference was observed between lactobacilli producing bispecific ARP3-ARP1 and monomeric ARPs, lactobacilli producing bispecific ARP3-ARP1 were superior at reducing the rate of diarrhea when used for prophylactic and therapeutic intervention in a mouse model of rotavirus infection in comparison to nontreated animals. CONCLUSION Expression of bispecific antibodies in lactobacilli resulted in slight improvement of their efficacy. Furthermore, increasing the specificity would theoretically reduce the rate of appearance of viral escape mutants and would have a broader capacity to be effective against a range of viral serotypes.
Boe: Context-Aware Global Power Management for Mobile Devices Balancing Battery Outage and User Experience

Energy conservation on mobile devices is now more important than ever due to the increasing benefits that smartphones and tablets provide to our daily life. However, most existing power management approaches either focus narrowly on a particular sub-system of the mobile device such as the sensor system, the LCD display, or the communication system, or use heuristic approaches to maximize energy efficiency at the cost of user experience. In this paper, we present Boe, a context-aware global power management scheme for mobile devices Balancing battery outage and user experience. To meet the mobile device's expected battery life while sacrificing end user experience as little as possible. Boe takes into account the users' phone usage patterns and activities to dynamically adjust the device's global power management policy to minimize outage time and maximize user experience. We demonstrate our proposed technique by controlling display brightness level and GPS sampling rate on smartphones. We evaluate our approach through real world smartphone data from 10 users over two months. Compared to the best fixed user experience policies, we show that: (i) Boe eliminates all frustrating battery outage events for light, moderate, and heavy phone users, and (ii) Boe improves user experience by 20% for light users, maintains the same user experience for moderate users, and degrades user experience by 23% for heavy smartphone users.