Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of traffic dependent wireless sensor network protocols

In this paper, we present research trends of communication protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) focusing on application services' traffic condition features. We first outline the application services' traffic condition features and design challenges for communication protocols in WSNs. Focusing on these traffic condition features, synchronous and asynchronous MAC protocols, flat and hierarchical routing protocols, cross-layered protocols in WSNs are studied and their performances are evaluated. Finally, we highlight critical requirements for communication protocols design of WSNs considering these application services' traffic characteristics and discuss future research directions.
An improved self-organizing map approach to traveling salesman problem

In this paper, an improved self-organizing map approach to solving the traveling salesman problem is proposed by fixing the number of nodes in the output layer of neural network, modifying the neighborhood function, and modifying the weight update rules. An overview of previous work on solving the traveling salesman problem is given. An extension of the proposed algorithm can also be used to solve multiple traveling salesman problems and robot path planning. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is capable of providing a better solution within a reasonable time and much faster than conventional self-organizing map algorithms.
A Peptidoglycan Fragment Triggers β-lactam Resistance in Bacillus licheniformis

To resist to β-lactam antibiotics Eubacteria either constitutively synthesize a β-lactamase or a low affinity penicillin-binding protein target, or induce its synthesis in response to the presence of antibiotic outside the cell. In Bacillus licheniformis and Staphylococcus aureus, a membrane-bound penicillin receptor (BlaR/MecR) detects the presence of β-lactam and launches a cytoplasmic signal leading to the inactivation of BlaI/MecI repressor, and the synthesis of a β-lactamase or a low affinity target. We identified a dipeptide, resulting from the peptidoglycan turnover and present in bacterial cytoplasm, which is able to directly bind to the BlaI/MecI repressor and to destabilize the BlaI/MecI-DNA complex. We propose a general model, in which the acylation of BlaR/MecR receptor and the cellular stress induced by the antibiotic, are both necessary to generate a cell wall-derived coactivator responsible for the expression of an inducible β-lactam-resistance factor. The new model proposed confirms and emphasizes the role of peptidoglycan degradation fragments in bacterial cell regulation.
Dynamics of lung macrophage activation in response to helminth infection

Most of our understanding of the development and phenotype of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) has been obtained from studies investigating the response of bone marrow‐ and peritoneal‐derived cells to IL‐4 or IL‐13 stimulation. Comparatively little is known about the development of AAMs in the lungs, and how the complex signals associated with pulmonary inflammation influence the AAM phenotype. Here, we use Nippostrongylus brasiliensis to initiate AAM development and define the dynamics of surface molecules, gene expression, and cell function of macrophages isolated from lung tissue at different times postinfection (PI). Initially, lung macrophages take on a foamy phenotype, up‐regulate MHC and costimulatory molecules, express reduced levels of TNF and IL‐12, and undergo proliferation. Cells isolated between days 8 and 15 PI adopt a dense, granular phenotype and exhibit reduced levels of costimulatory molecules and elevated levels of programmed death ligand‐1 (PDL‐1) and PDL‐2 and an increase in IL‐10 expression. Functionally, AAMs isolated on days 13–15 PI demonstrate an enhanced capacity to take up and sequester antigen. However, these same cells did not mediate antigen‐specific T cell proliferation and dampened the proliferation of CD3/CD28‐activated CD4+ T cells. These data indicate that the alternative activation of macrophages in the lungs, although initiated by IL‐4/IL‐13, is a dynamic process that is likely to be influenced by other immune and nonimmune factors in the pulmonary environment.
Performance Analysis of Decision Trees

In data mining, decision trees are considered to be most popular approach for classifying different attributes. The issue of growing of decision tree from available data is considered in various discipline like pattern recognition, machine learning and data mining. This paper presents an updated survey of growing of decision tree in two phases following a top down approach. This paper presents a framework for dealing with the condition of uncertainty during decision tree induction process and concludes with comparison of Averaging based approach and Uncertain Decision Tree approach.
Scalable SLAM building conditionally independent local maps

Local maps algorithms have demonstrated to be well suited for mapping large environments as can reduce the computational cost and improve the consistency of the final estimation. In this paper we present a new technique that allows the use of local mapping algorithms in the context of EKF SLAM but without the constrain of probabilistic independence between local maps. By means of this procedure, salient features of the environment or vehicle state components as velocity or global attitude, can be shared between local maps without affecting the posterior joining process or introducing any undesirable approximations in the final global map estimate. The overload cost introduced by the technique is minimum since building up local maps does not require any additional operations apart from the usual EKF steps. As the algorithm works with covariance matrices, well-known data association techniques can be used in the usual manner. To test the technique, experimental results using a monocular camera in an outdoor environment are provided. The initialization of the features is based on the inverse depth algorithm.
The Mass Public and Macroeconomic Performance: The Dynamics of Public Opinion Toward Unemployment and Inflation

In every year since 1972 more than 70 percent of the mass public identified an economic issue, principally inflation or unemployment, as "the most important problem facing this country today. " This study is motivated by the belief that public opinion toward salient economic issues is an important part of the domestic political environment influencing macroeconomic policy. The first few sections of the article review data on the public's relative aversion to inflation and unemployment in the 1970s in the context of recent macroeconomic history and the objective and subjective costs associated with rising prices and low employment. Most of the ideas discussed are embodied in a dynamic model of short-run opinion fluctuations introduced in the main parts of the paper. The final section considers the political implications of the estimation results.
Layer-oriented single- and dual-field-of-view performance for OWL

Layer-Oriented MCAO is a promising technique that can scale up easily compared to similar competing techniques. The Multiple-Field-of-View Layer-Oriented make a further step employing more guide stars to sample the turbulence with the net effect of increasing the sky coverage enabling MCAO systems based only natural guide stars. However even a simple estimation of Layer-Oriented M-FoV MCAO performance for the Extremely Large Telescopes, in particular for OWL, has not been attempted yet. The main problem is the enormous amount of computing power (processor and memory) required to properly carry out an accurate simulation for ELTs. In this work we perform a numerical simulation using some shortcuts to simplify the problem and achieve a first cut of what the performance of Layer-Oriented M-FoV MCAO could be for a 100m-class telescope. We take a mixed analytical-numerical approach in order to significantly reduce the amount of computing power required while maintaining a good level of accuracy.
The correlation study of eWOM and product sales predictions through SNA perspectives: an exploratory investigation by Taiwan's cellular phone market

Word of mouth (WOM) provide a crucial role in marketing promotions. Extending the practices to internet, the electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) presents a new mechanism for understanding the information propagation and diffusion of innovations, and their relations to the actual market activity. Through the perspectives and methodologies of social network analysis (SNA), this research explored the possibilities to capture, to aggregate and summarize, and to analyze the dynamics of eWOM communities. Using Taiwan's cellular phone discussion board, or forum, we present the potential of using communities interaction indictors to capture the real world's marketing figures.
Bilingual Product Name Dictionary Construction Using a Two Stage Method

This paper proposes a novel two-stage method for bilingual product name dictionary construction from comparable corpora. In previous work, some researchers study the problem of expanding a set of given seed entities into a more complete set by discovering other entities that also belong to the same concept, it just solves the problem about expansion of entity set in a monolingual language, but the expansion of bilingual entity is really blank problem from comparable corpora. A typical example is to use/Honda-�X”as seed entity, and derive other entities(e.g.,/Ford4A”) in the same concept set of product name. We address this problem by utilizing a two-stage approach based on entity set expansion and bilingual entity alignment from comparable corpora. Evaluations using English and Chinese reviewer corpus verify that our method outperforms conventional methods.
Clinical relevance of right ventricular diastolic stiffness in pulmonary hypertension

Right ventricular (RV) diastolic stiffness is increased in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. We investigated whether RV diastolic stiffness is associated with clinical progression and assessed the contribution of RV wall thickness to RV systolic and diastolic stiffness. Using single-beat pressure–volume analyses, we determined RV end-systolic elastance (Ees), arterial elastance (Ea), RV–arterial coupling (Ees/Ea), and RV end-diastolic elastance (stiffness, Eed) in controls (n=15), baseline PAH patients (n=63) and treated PAH patients (survival >5 years n=22 and survival <5 years n=23). We observed an association between Eed and clinical progression, with baseline Eed >0.53 mmHg·mL-1 associated with worse prognosis (age-corrected hazard ratio 0.27, p=0.02). In treated patients, Eed was higher in patients with survival <5 years than in patients with survival >5 years (0.91±0.50 versus 0.53±0.33 mmHg·mL-1, p<0.01). Wall-thickness-corrected Eed values in PAH patients with survival >5 years were not different from control values (0.76±0.47 versus 0.60±0.41 mmHg·mL-1, respectively, not significant), whereas in patients with survival <5 years, values were significantly higher (1.52±0.91 mmHg·mL-1, p<0.05 versus controls). RV diastolic stiffness is related to clinical progression in both baseline and treated PAH patients. RV diastolic stiffness is explained by the increased wall thickness in patients with >5 years survival, but not in those surviving <5 years. This suggests that intrinsic myocardial changes play a distinctive role in explaining RV diastolic stiffness at different stages of PAH. Right ventricular diastolic stiffness is related to clinical progression in both baseline and treated PAH patients http://ow.ly/K15me
Fast frequency acquisition phase frequency detectors with prediction-based edge blocking

This paper presents a new phase frequency detector (PFD) to enable fast frequency acquisition in the phase-locked loop (PLL). The three-state PFD is conventionally employed because it is simple and almost immune to the dead-zone problem, but it can miss some rising edges when the edges come during the reset time. Eliminating or reducing the missing edges caused by the reset pulse is essential in achieving fast acquisition. To cope with the missing edge problem, the proposed PFD predicts the reset signal and blocks the corresponding input signal during the reset time. The blocked edge is regenerated after the reset signal is deactivated. Experimental results show that the proposed PFD works correctly for the entire phase difference and achieves 42.1% speed-up in the acquisition time when it is applied to the conventional charge pump PLL implemented in a 0. 18µm CMOS technology.
Moment Inequalities for Multinomial Choice with Fixed Effects

This paper proposes a new approach to identification of the semiparametric multinomial choice model with fixed effects. The framework employed is the semiparametric version of the traditional multinomial logit with the fixed‐effects model (Chamberlain (1980)). This semiparametric multinomial choice model places no restrictions on either the joint distribution of the random utility disturbances across choices or their within group (or across time) correlations. We show that a novel within‐group comparison leads to a set of conditional moment inequalities. Our main finding shows that the derived conditional moment inequalities yield the sharp identified set for the random utility covariate index, while avoiding the incidental parameter problem. Specializing this result to the binary choice case shows that Manski (1987)'s conditional moment inequalities still lead to sharp bounds without restrictions on covariates.
Topology discovery of PROFINET networks using Wireshark

Industrial communication networks become more complex and real-time networking protocols primarily developed for them become more common in our daily lives as technology evolves. As a result of this, topology discovery and diagnostic mechanisms developed for industrial communication networks come into prominence. One of the most well-known industrial communication networks, PROFINET is the basis of this study. In this paper we present an add-on to Wire-shark for the discovery of the topology of PROFINET networks. Wireshark is a network protocol analyzer tool and to our knowledge this is the first study which uses Wireshark in this context.
Chunking with Max-Margin Markov Networks

In this paper, we apply Max-Margin Markov Networks (M3Ns) to English base phrases chunking, which is a large margin approach combining both the advantages of graphical models(such as Conditional Random Fields, CRFs) and kernel-based approaches (such as Support Vector Machines, SVMs) to solve the problems of multi-label multi-class supervised classification. To show the efficiency of M3Ns, we compare it with CRFs and other relative systems on the data set of CoNLL-2000 comprehensively. The experiment results show that M3Ns achieves state-of-the-art performance with strong generalization ability, which is better than CRFs.
An Efficient Memory Architecture For Network Intrusion Detection Systems Using Pattern Partitioning And Parallel String Matching

Due to the advantages of easy re-configurability and scalability, the memory-based string matching architecture is widely adopted by network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). The ability to inspect both packet headers and payloads to identify attack signatures makes network intrusion detection system (NIDS) a promising approach to protect Internet systems. In this paper, we propose a memory-efficient pattern-matching algorithm which can significantly reduce the memory requirement. Using the pattern dividing, the variety of target pattern lengths can be mitigated, so that memory usage in homogeneous string matchers can be efficient. In order to identify each original long pattern being divided, a two-stage sequential matching scheme is proposed for the successive matches with sub-patterns. We synthesized this design using Quartus II 11.0 version.
The Construction of Spin Foam Vertex Amplitudes

Spin foam vertex amplitudes are the key ingredient of spin foam models for quantum gravity. These fall into the realm of discretized path integral, and can be seen as generalized lattice gauge theories. They can be seen as an attempt at a 4-dimensional generalization of the Ponzano{Regge model for 3d quantum gravity. We motivate and review the construction of the vertex amplitudes of recent spin foam models, giving two different and complementary perspectives of this construction. The first proceeds by extracting geometric configurations from a topological theory of the BF type, and can be seen to be in the tradition of the work of Barrett, Crane, Freidel and Krasnov. The second keeps closer contact to the structure of Loop Quantum Gravity and tries to identify an appropriate set of constraints to define a Lorentz-invariant interaction of its quanta of space. This approach is in the tradition of the work of Smolin, Markopoulous, Engle, Pereira, Rovelli and Livine.
An Efficient Parallel Implementation of the Hidden Markov Methods for Genomic Sequence-Search on a Massively Parallel System

Bioinformatics databases used for sequence comparison and sequence alignment are growing exponentially. This has popularized programs that carry out database searches. Current implementations of sequence alignment methods based on hidden Markov models (HMM) have proven to be computationally intensive and, hence, amenable to architectures with multiple processors. In this paper, we describe a modified version of the original parallel implementation of HMMs on a massively parallel system. This is part of the HMMER bioinformatics code. HMMER 2.3. 2 uses profile HMMs for sensitive database searching based on statistical descriptions of a sequence family's consensus (Durbin et al., 1998), Two of the nine programs were further parallelized to take advantage of the large number of processors, namely, hmmsearch and hmmpfam. For our study, we start by porting the parallel virtual machine (PVM) versions of these two programs currently available as part of the HMMER suite of programs. We report the performance of these nonoptimized versions as baselines. Our work also includes the introduction of an alternate sequence file indexing, multiple-master configuration, dynamic data collection and, finally, load balancing via the indexed sequence files. This set of optimizations constitutes our modified version for massively parallel systems. Our results show parallel performance improvements of more than one order of magnitude (16 times) for hmmsearch and hmmpfam.
Improving the Predictive Power of Rules Learned for Robot Navigation

In (Klingspor et al., 1996), we have applied inductive logic programming algorithms in order to learn so-called operational concepts. These high-level concepts can be used by a human user to guide a robot. An abstraction hierarchy has been introduced and rules have been learned to derive the operational concepts step by step from the sensor data. In this paper, we focus on one step of the inference hierarchy. We present a post-processing method, which improves the predictive power of the learned rules. We compile these rules into a preex acceptor, which is then post-processed. In order to evaluate the approach, we have applied it to the robot navigation domain. The experimental results connrm the expected improvements.
The Repetitive Oligopeptide Sequences Modulate Cytopathic Potency but Are Not Crucial for Cellular Uptake of Clostridium difficile Toxin A

The pathogenicity of Clostridium difficile is primarily linked to secretion of the intracellular acting toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB) which monoglucosylate and thereby inactivate Rho GTPases of host cells. Although the molecular mode of action of TcdA and TcdB is well understood, far less is known about toxin binding and uptake. It is acknowledged that the C-terminally combined repetitive oligopeptides (CROPs) of the toxins function as receptor binding domain. The current study evaluates the role of the CROP domain with respect to functionality of TcdA and TcdB. Therefore, we generated truncated TcdA devoid of the CROPs (TcdA1–1874) and found that this mutant was still cytopathic. However, TcdA1–1874 possesses about 5 to 10-fold less potency towards 3T3 and HT29 cells compared to the full length toxin. Interestingly, CHO-C6 cells even showed almost identical susceptibility towards truncated and full length TcdA concerning Rac1 glucosylation or cell rounding, respectively. FACS and Western blot analyses elucidated these differences and revealed a correlation between CROP-binding to the cell surface and toxin potency. These findings refute the accepted opinion of solely CROP- mediated toxin internalization. Competition experiments demonstrated that presence neither of TcdA CROPs nor of full length TcdA reduced binding of truncated TcdA1–1874 to HT29 cells. We assume that toxin uptake might additionally occur through alternative receptor structures and/or other associated endocytotic pathways. The second assumption was substantiated by TER measurements showing that basolaterally applied TcdA1–1874 exhibits considerably higher cytotoxic potency than apically applied mutant or even full length TcdA, the latter being almost independent of the side of application. Thus, different routes for cellular uptake might enable the toxins to enter a broader repertoire of cell types leading to the observed multifarious pathogenesis of C. difficile.
Self-Configuring User-Centric Communication Services

The functionality of communication applications, such as instant messaging, has dramatically improved due to market competition. The quest for the competitive edge has resulted in the development of open platform APIs that allow communication applications to become building blocks, or communication frameworks for more elaborate communication applications. The services available through these different communication frameworks can however be quite dissimilar, as revealed from a survey of some of these frameworks. In this paper we propose an architecture that utilizes multiple communication frameworks and the autonomic computing capability of self-configuration of these frameworks. This architecture extends network communication broker (NCB) which is the layer of the communication virtual machine (CVM) that interacts with the underlying communication networks. We provide a detailed design of the proposed architecture and show how a communication scenario can be realized using a prototype of the NCB.
How to interact: Evaluating the interface between mobile healthcare systems and the monitoring of blood sugar and blood pressure

The availability of mobile healthcare systems is increasing in demand. The world's population today is faced with many health challenges all of which require the patient to be more empowered and monitor his own health. This research focuses on some of the mobile healthcare systems available for the monitoring of two chronic non-communicable diseases: diabetes and hypertension. The study investigates the usability of a new interface that is made available through existing healthcare monitors, one based on Bluetooth transmission. Seven Bluetooth-enabled systems used for measuring and recording blood sugar and blood pressure were selected and evaluated based on a set of user-centered heuristics. This paper focuses on the results of this evaluation. Two systems out of these were then chosen to undergo live user trials with a mobile application called myDR (short for my daily record). The objective of the trials was to confirm that the myDR integrated self-monitoring system was a more efficient and satisfactory method for the measurement and recording of blood sugar and blood pressure; therefore leading to faster adoption and sustainability. The results of the study indicate that the integrated system is more efficient and the preferred interface of the target user group, and that Bluetooth technology is an ideal candidate as the communications protocol for mobile healthcare applications.